Repository: gin-gonic/gin
Pull request #3419 (2022-11-30 04:07:03)

chore(request): check reader if it's nil before reading
- With pull requests:
  - Open your pull request against `master`
  - Your pull request should have no more than two commits, if not you should squash them.
  - It should pass all tests in the available continuous integration systems such as GitHub Actions.
  - You should add/modify tests to cover your proposed code changes.
  - If your pull request contains a new feature, please document it on the README.



appleboy: @noahyao1024 Please add some testing flow.

Patch:
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md
index 6f8288d..864787c 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ func main() {
 
 <!-- Your expectation result of 'curl' command, like -->
 ```
-$ curl http://localhost:8201/hello/world
+$ curl http://localhost:9000/hello/world
 Hello world
 ```
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Hello world
 
 <!-- Actual result showing the problem -->
 ```
-$ curl -i http://localhost:8201/hello/world
+$ curl -i http://localhost:9000/hello/world
 <YOUR RESULT>
 ```
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeql.yml b/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
index e27022d..9a4c40d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@ name: "CodeQL"
 
 on:
   push:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [master]
   pull_request:
     # The branches below must be a subset of the branches above
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [master]
   schedule:
-    - cron: '0 17 * * 5'
+    - cron: "0 17 * * 5"
 
 jobs:
   analyze:
@@ -29,15 +29,15 @@ jobs:
         # Override automatic language detection by changing the below list
         # Supported options are ['csharp', 'cpp', 'go', 'java', 'javascript', 'python']
         # TODO: Enable for javascript later
-        language: [ 'go']
+        language: ["go"]
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@v2
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3
         with:
           languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
           # If you wish to specify custom queries, you can do so here or in a config file.
@@ -46,4 +46,4 @@ jobs:
           # queries: ./path/to/local/query, your-org/your-repo/queries@main
 
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v2
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3
diff --git a/.github/workflows/gin.yml b/.github/workflows/gin.yml
index 7a4e61c..3fe007f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/gin.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/gin.yml
@@ -15,24 +15,28 @@ jobs:
   lint:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - name: Setup go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v3
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
-          go-version: '^1.16'
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: Set up Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version-file: "go.mod"
+          check-latest: true
       - name: Setup golangci-lint
-        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v3.3.1
+        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v4
         with:
-          version: v1.48.0
+          version: v1.56.2
           args: --verbose
   test:
     needs: lint
     strategy:
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest]
-        go: [1.16, 1.17, 1.18, 1.19]
-        test-tags: ['', '-tags nomsgpack', '-tags "sonic avx"', '-tags go_json']
+        go: ["1.18", "1.19", "1.20", "1.21", "1.22"]
+        test-tags:
+          ["", "-tags nomsgpack", '-tags "sonic avx"', "-tags go_json", "-race"]
         include:
           - os: ubuntu-latest
             go-build: ~/.cache/go-build
@@ -46,16 +50,17 @@ jobs:
       GOPROXY: https://proxy.golang.org
     steps:
       - name: Set up Go ${{ matrix.go }}
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v3
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
           go-version: ${{ matrix.go }}
+          cache: false
 
       - name: Checkout Code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           ref: ${{ github.ref }}
 
-      - uses: actions/cache@v3
+      - uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: |
             ${{ matrix.go-build }}
@@ -68,24 +73,10 @@ jobs:
         run: make test
 
       - name: Upload coverage to Codecov
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
         with:
           flags: ${{ matrix.os }},go-${{ matrix.go }},${{ matrix.test-tags }}
 
       - name: Format
-        if: matrix.go-version == '1.19.x'
+        if: matrix.go-version == '1.22.x'
         run: diff -u <(echo -n) <(gofmt -d .)
-  notification-gitter:
-    needs: test
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Notification failure message
-        if: failure()
-        run: |
-          PR_OR_COMPARE="$(if [ "${{ github.event.pull_request }}" != "" ]; then echo "${{ github.event.pull_request.html_url }}"; else echo "${{ github.event.compare }}"; fi)"
-          curl -d message="GitHub Actions [$GITHUB_REPOSITORY]($PR_OR_COMPARE) ($GITHUB_REF) [normal]($GITHUB_API_URL/$GITHUB_REPOSITORY/actions/runs/$GITHUB_RUN_ID) ($GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER)" -d level=error https://webhooks.gitter.im/e/7f95bf605c4d356372f4
-      - name: Notification success message
-        if: success()
-        run: |
-          PR_OR_COMPARE="$(if [ "${{ github.event.pull_request }}" != "" ]; then echo "${{ github.event.pull_request.html_url }}"; else echo "${{ github.event.compare }}"; fi)"
-          curl -d message="GitHub Actions [$GITHUB_REPOSITORY]($PR_OR_COMPARE) ($GITHUB_REF) [normal]($GITHUB_API_URL/$GITHUB_REPOSITORY/actions/runs/$GITHUB_RUN_ID) ($GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER)" https://webhooks.gitter.im/e/7f95bf605c4d356372f4
diff --git a/.github/workflows/goreleaser.yml b/.github/workflows/goreleaser.yml
index 654585b..8ae1182 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/goreleaser.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/goreleaser.yml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ name: Goreleaser
 on:
   push:
     tags:
-      - '*'
+      - "*"
 
 permissions:
   contents: write
@@ -12,23 +12,20 @@ jobs:
   goreleaser:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      -
-        name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
-      -
-        name: Set up Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v3
+      - name: Set up Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: 1.17
-      -
-        name: Run GoReleaser
-        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v3
+          go-version: "^1"
+      - name: Run GoReleaser
+        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v5
         with:
           # either 'goreleaser' (default) or 'goreleaser-pro'
           distribution: goreleaser
           version: latest
-          args: release --rm-dist
+          args: release --clean
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index bdd50c9..1ea0e2b 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -5,3 +5,7 @@ count.out
 test
 profile.out
 tmp.out
+
+# Develop tools
+.idea/
+.vscode/
diff --git a/.golangci.yml b/.golangci.yml
index c5e1de3..4a72f73 100644
--- a/.golangci.yml
+++ b/.golangci.yml
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ run:
 linters:
   enable:
     - asciicheck
-    - depguard
     - dogsled
     - durationcheck
     - errcheck
@@ -19,6 +18,22 @@ linters:
     - nolintlint
     - revive
     - wastedassign
+
+linters-settings:
+  gosec:
+    # To select a subset of rules to run.
+    # Available rules: https://github.com/securego/gosec#available-rules
+    # Default: [] - means include all rules
+    includes:
+      - G102
+      - G106
+      - G108
+      - G109
+      - G111
+      - G112
+      - G201
+      - G203
+
 issues:
   exclude-rules:
     - linters:
@@ -37,3 +52,6 @@ issues:
     - path: _test\.go
       linters:
         - gosec # security is not make sense in tests
+    - linters:
+        - revive
+      path: _test\.go
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index a682c8c..7968520 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,5 +1,73 @@
 # Gin ChangeLog
 
+## Gin v1.9.1
+
+### BUG FIXES 
+
+* fix Request.Context() checks [#3512](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3512)
+
+### SECURITY
+
+* fix lack of escaping of filename in Content-Disposition [#3556](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3556) 
+
+### ENHANCEMENTS
+
+* refactor: use bytes.ReplaceAll directly [#3455](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3455)
+* convert strings and slices using the officially recommended way [#3344](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3344)
+* improve render code coverage [#3525](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3525)
+
+### DOCS
+
+* docs: changed documentation link for trusted proxies [#3575](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3575)
+* chore: improve linting, testing, and GitHub Actions setup [#3583](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3583)
+
+## Gin v1.9.0
+
+### BREAK CHANGES
+
+* Stop useless panicking in context and render [#2150](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2150)
+
+### BUG FIXES
+
+* fix(router): tree bug where loop index is not decremented. [#3460](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3460)
+* fix(context): panic on NegotiateFormat - index out of range [#3397](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3397)
+* Add escape logic for header [#3500](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3500) and [#3503](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3503)
+
+### SECURITY
+
+* Fix the GO-2022-0969 and GO-2022-0288 vulnerabilities [#3333](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3333)
+* fix(security): vulnerability GO-2023-1571 [#3505](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3505)
+
+### ENHANCEMENTS
+
+* feat: add sonic json support [#3184](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3184)
+* chore(file): Creates a directory named path [#3316](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3316)
+* fix: modify interface check way [#3327](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3327)
+* remove deprecated of package io/ioutil [#3395](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3395)
+* refactor: avoid calling strings.ToLower twice [#3343](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3433)
+* console logger HTTP status code bug fixed [#3453](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3453)
+* chore(yaml): upgrade dependency to v3 version [#3456](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3456)
+* chore(router): match method added to routergroup for multiple HTTP methods supporting [#3464](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3464)
+* chore(http): add support for go1.20 http.rwUnwrapper to gin.responseWriter [#3489](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3489)
+
+### DOCS
+
+* docs: update markdown format [#3260](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3260)
+* docs(readme): Add the TOML rendering example [#3400](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3400)
+* docs(readme): move more example to docs/doc.md [#3449](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3449)
+* docs: update markdown format [#3446](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3446)
+
+## Gin v1.8.2
+
+### BUG FIXES
+
+* fix(route): redirectSlash bug ([#3227]((https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3227)))
+* fix(engine): missing route params for CreateTestContext ([#2778]((https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2778))) ([#2803]((https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2803)))
+
+### SECURITY
+
+* Fix the GO-2022-1144 vulnerability ([#3432]((https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3432)))
+
 ## Gin v1.8.1
 
 ### ENHANCEMENTS
@@ -8,12 +76,12 @@
 
 ## Gin v1.8.0
 
-## Break Changes
+### BREAK CHANGES
 
 * TrustedProxies: Add default IPv6 support and refactor [#2967](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2967). Please replace `RemoteIP() (net.IP, bool)` with `RemoteIP() net.IP`
 * gin.Context with fallback value from gin.Context.Request.Context() [#2751](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2751)
 
-### BUGFIXES
+### BUG FIXES
 
 * Fixed SetOutput() panics on go 1.17 [#2861](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2861)
 * Fix: wrong when wildcard follows named param [#2983](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2983)
@@ -50,7 +118,7 @@
 
 ## Gin v1.7.7
 
-### BUGFIXES
+### BUG FIXES
 
 * Fixed X-Forwarded-For unsafe handling of CVE-2020-28483 [#2844](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2844), closed issue [#2862](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/2862).
 * Tree: updated the code logic for `latestNode` [#2897](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2897), closed issue [#2894](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/2894) [#2878](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/2878).
@@ -68,37 +136,37 @@
 
 ## Gin v1.7.6
 
-### BUGFIXES
+### BUG FIXES
 
 * bump new release to fix v1.7.5 release error by using v1.7.4 codes.
 
 ## Gin v1.7.4
 
-### BUGFIXES
+### BUG FIXES
 
 * bump new release to fix checksum mismatch
 
 ## Gin v1.7.3
 
-### BUGFIXES
+### BUG FIXES
 
 * fix level 1 router match [#2767](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/2767), [#2796](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/2796)
 
 ## Gin v1.7.2
 
-### BUGFIXES
+### BUG FIXES
 
 * Fix conflict between param and exact path [#2706](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/2706). Close issue [#2682](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/2682) [#2696](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/2696).
 
 ## Gin v1.7.1
 
-### BUGFIXES
+### BUG FIXES
 
 * fix: data race with trustedCIDRs from [#2674](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/2674)([#2675](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2675))
 
 ## Gin v1.7.0
 
-### BUGFIXES
+### BUG FIXES
 
 * fix compile error from [#2572](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2572) ([#2600](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2600))
 * fix: print headers without Authorization header on broken pipe ([#2528](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2528))
@@ -137,33 +205,44 @@
 
 ## Gin v1.6.2
 
-### BUGFIXES
+### BUG FIXES
+
   * fix missing initial sync.RWMutex [#2305](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2305)
+
 ### ENHANCEMENTS
+
   * Add set samesite in cookie. [#2306](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2306)
 
 ## Gin v1.6.1
 
-### BUGFIXES
+### BUG FIXES
+
   * Revert "fix accept incoming network connections" [#2294](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2294)
 
 ## Gin v1.6.0
 
 ### BREAKING
+
   * chore(performance): Improve performance for adding RemoveExtraSlash flag [#2159](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2159)
   * drop support govendor [#2148](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2148)
   * Added support for SameSite cookie flag [#1615](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/1615)
+
 ### FEATURES
+
   * add yaml negotiation [#2220](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2220)
   * FileFromFS [#2112](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2112)
-### BUGFIXES
+
+### BUG FIXES
+
   * Unix Socket Handling [#2280](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2280)
   * Use json marshall in context json to fix breaking new line issue. Fixes #2209 [#2228](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2228)
   * fix accept incoming network connections [#2216](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2216)
   * Fixed a bug in the calculation of the maximum number of parameters [#2166](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2166)
   * [FIX] allow empty headers on DataFromReader [#2121](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2121)
   * Add mutex for protect Context.Keys map [#1391](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/1391)
+
 ### ENHANCEMENTS
+
   * Add mitigation for log injection [#2277](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2277)
   * tree: range over nodes values [#2229](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2229)
   * tree: remove duplicate assignment [#2222](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2222)
@@ -178,7 +257,9 @@
   * upgrade go-validator to v10 [#2149](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2149)
   * Refactor redirect request in gin.go [#1970](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/1970)
   * Add build tag nomsgpack [#1852](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/1852)
+
 ### DOCS
+
   * docs(path): improve comments [#2223](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2223)
   * Renew README to fit the modification of SetCookie method [#2217](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2217)
   * Fix spelling [#2202](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2202)
@@ -191,7 +272,9 @@
   * Add project to README [#2165](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2165)
   * docs(benchmarks): for gin v1.5 [#2153](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2153)
   * Changed wording for clarity in README.md [#2122](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2122)
+
 ### MISC
+
   * ci support go1.14 [#2262](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2262)
   * chore: upgrade depend version [#2231](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2231)
   * Drop support go1.10 [#2147](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2147)
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 103a53c..e007bf2 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -6,112 +6,52 @@
 [![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/gin-gonic/gin/branch/master/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/gin-gonic/gin)
 [![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/gin-gonic/gin)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/gin-gonic/gin)
 [![GoDoc](https://pkg.go.dev/badge/github.com/gin-gonic/gin?status.svg)](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/gin-gonic/gin?tab=doc)
-[![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/gin-gonic/gin](https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg)](https://gitter.im/gin-gonic/gin?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
 [![Sourcegraph](https://sourcegraph.com/github.com/gin-gonic/gin/-/badge.svg)](https://sourcegraph.com/github.com/gin-gonic/gin?badge)
 [![Open Source Helpers](https://www.codetriage.com/gin-gonic/gin/badges/users.svg)](https://www.codetriage.com/gin-gonic/gin)
 [![Release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/gin-gonic/gin.svg?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/releases)
 [![TODOs](https://badgen.net/https/api.tickgit.com/badgen/github.com/gin-gonic/gin)](https://www.tickgit.com/browse?repo=github.com/gin-gonic/gin)
 
-Gin is a web framework written in Go (Golang). It features a martini-like API with performance that is up to 40 times faster thanks to [httprouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter). If you need performance and good productivity, you will love Gin.
+Gin is a web framework written in [Go](https://go.dev/). It features a martini-like API with performance that is up to 40 times faster thanks to [httprouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter). If you need performance and good productivity, you will love Gin.
 
-## Contents
+**The key features of Gin are:**
 
-- [Gin Web Framework](#gin-web-framework)
-  - [Contents](#contents)
-  - [Installation](#installation)
-  - [Quick start](#quick-start)
-  - [Benchmarks](#benchmarks)
-  - [Gin v1. stable](#gin-v1-stable)
-  - [Build with json replacement](#build-with-json-replacement)
-  - [Build without `MsgPack` rendering feature](#build-without-msgpack-rendering-feature)
-  - [API Examples](#api-examples)
-    - [Using GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE and OPTIONS](#using-get-post-put-patch-delete-and-options)
-    - [Parameters in path](#parameters-in-path)
-    - [Querystring parameters](#querystring-parameters)
-    - [Multipart/Urlencoded Form](#multiparturlencoded-form)
-    - [Another example: query + post form](#another-example-query--post-form)
-    - [Map as querystring or postform parameters](#map-as-querystring-or-postform-parameters)
-    - [Upload files](#upload-files)
-      - [Single file](#single-file)
-      - [Multiple files](#multiple-files)
-    - [Grouping routes](#grouping-routes)
-    - [Blank Gin without middleware by default](#blank-gin-without-middleware-by-default)
-    - [Using middleware](#using-middleware)
-    - [Custom Recovery behavior](#custom-recovery-behavior)
-    - [How to write log file](#how-to-write-log-file)
-    - [Custom Log Format](#custom-log-format)
-    - [Controlling Log output coloring](#controlling-log-output-coloring)
-    - [Model binding and validation](#model-binding-and-validation)
-    - [Custom Validators](#custom-validators)
-    - [Only Bind Query String](#only-bind-query-string)
-    - [Bind Query String or Post Data](#bind-query-string-or-post-data)
-    - [Bind Uri](#bind-uri)
-    - [Bind Header](#bind-header)
-    - [Bind HTML checkboxes](#bind-html-checkboxes)
-    - [Multipart/Urlencoded binding](#multiparturlencoded-binding)
-    - [XML, JSON, YAML, TOML and ProtoBuf rendering](#xml-json-yaml-toml-and-protobuf-rendering)
-      - [SecureJSON](#securejson)
-      - [JSONP](#jsonp)
-      - [AsciiJSON](#asciijson)
-      - [PureJSON](#purejson)
-    - [Serving static files](#serving-static-files)
-    - [Serving data from file](#serving-data-from-file)
-    - [Serving data from reader](#serving-data-from-reader)
-    - [HTML rendering](#html-rendering)
-      - [Custom Template renderer](#custom-template-renderer)
-      - [Custom Delimiters](#custom-delimiters)
-      - [Custom Template Funcs](#custom-template-funcs)
-    - [Multitemplate](#multitemplate)
-    - [Redirects](#redirects)
-    - [Custom Middleware](#custom-middleware)
-    - [Using BasicAuth() middleware](#using-basicauth-middleware)
-    - [Goroutines inside a middleware](#goroutines-inside-a-middleware)
-    - [Custom HTTP configuration](#custom-http-configuration)
-    - [Support Let's Encrypt](#support-lets-encrypt)
-    - [Run multiple service using Gin](#run-multiple-service-using-gin)
-    - [Graceful shutdown or restart](#graceful-shutdown-or-restart)
-      - [Third-party packages](#third-party-packages)
-      - [Manually](#manually)
-    - [Build a single binary with templates](#build-a-single-binary-with-templates)
-    - [Bind form-data request with custom struct](#bind-form-data-request-with-custom-struct)
-    - [Try to bind body into different structs](#try-to-bind-body-into-different-structs)
-    - [Bind form-data request with custom struct and custom tag](#bind-form-data-request-with-custom-struct-and-custom-tag)
-    - [http2 server push](#http2-server-push)
-    - [Define format for the log of routes](#define-format-for-the-log-of-routes)
-    - [Set and get a cookie](#set-and-get-a-cookie)
-  - [Don't trust all proxies](#dont-trust-all-proxies)
-  - [Testing](#testing)
-  - [Users](#users)
+- Zero allocation router
+- Fast
+- Middleware support
+- Crash-free
+- JSON validation
+- Routes grouping
+- Error management
+- Rendering built-in
+- Extendable
 
-## Installation
 
-To install Gin package, you need to install Go and set your Go workspace first.
+## Getting started
 
-1. You first need [Go](https://go.dev/) installed (**version 1.16+ is required**), then you can use the below Go command to install Gin.
+### Prerequisites
 
-```sh
-go get -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin
-```
+- **[Go](https://go.dev/)**: any one of the **three latest major** [releases](https://go.dev/doc/devel/release) (we test it with these).
 
-2. Import it in your code:
+### Getting Gin
 
-```go
+With [Go module](https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/Modules) support, simply add the following import
+
+```
 import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 ```
 
-3. (Optional) Import `net/http`. This is required for example if using constants such as `http.StatusOK`.
-
-```go
-import "net/http"
-```
+to your code, and then `go [build|run|test]` will automatically fetch the necessary dependencies.
 
-## Quick start
+Otherwise, run the following Go command to install the `gin` package:
 
 ```sh
-# assume the following codes in example.go file
-$ cat example.go
+$ go get -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin
 ```
 
+### Running Gin
+
+First you need to import Gin package for using Gin, one simplest example likes the follow `example.go`:
+
 ```go
 package main
 
@@ -132,16 +72,48 @@ func main() {
 }
 ```
 
+And use the Go command to run the demo:
+
 ```
-# run example.go and visit 0.0.0.0:8080/ping (for windows "localhost:8080/ping") on browser
+# run example.go and visit 0.0.0.0:8080/ping on browser
 $ go run example.go
 ```
 
-## Benchmarks
+### Learn more examples
+
+#### Quick Start
+
+Learn and practice more examples, please read the [Gin Quick Start](docs/doc.md) which includes API examples and builds tag.
+
+#### Examples
+
+A number of ready-to-run examples demonstrating various use cases of Gin on the [Gin examples](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples) repository.
 
-Gin uses a custom version of [HttpRouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter)
 
-[See all benchmarks](/BENCHMARKS.md)
+## Documentation
+
+See [API documentation and descriptions](https://godoc.org/github.com/gin-gonic/gin) for package.
+
+All documentation is available on the Gin website.
+
+- [English](https://gin-gonic.com/docs/)
+- [简体中文](https://gin-gonic.com/zh-cn/docs/)
+- [繁體中文](https://gin-gonic.com/zh-tw/docs/)
+- [日本語](https://gin-gonic.com/ja/docs/)
+- [Español](https://gin-gonic.com/es/docs/)
+- [한국어](https://gin-gonic.com/ko-kr/docs/)
+- [Turkish](https://gin-gonic.com/tr/docs/)
+- [Persian](https://gin-gonic.com/fa/docs/)
+
+### Articles about Gin
+
+A curated list of awesome Gin framework.
+
+- [Tutorial: Developing a RESTful API with Go and Gin](https://go.dev/doc/tutorial/web-service-gin)
+
+## Benchmarks
+
+Gin uses a custom version of [HttpRouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter), [see all benchmarks details](/BENCHMARKS.md).
 
 | Benchmark name                 |       (1) |             (2) |          (3) |             (4) |
 | ------------------------------ | ---------:| ---------------:| ------------:| ---------------:|
@@ -181,2202 +153,26 @@ Gin uses a custom version of [HttpRouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httpr
 - (3): Heap Memory (B/op), lower is better
 - (4): Average Allocations per Repetition (allocs/op), lower is better
 
-## Gin v1. stable
-
-- [x] Zero allocation router.
-- [x] Still the fastest http router and framework. From routing to writing.
-- [x] Complete suite of unit tests.
-- [x] Battle tested.
-- [x] API frozen, new releases will not break your code.
-
-## Build with json replacement
-
-Gin uses `encoding/json` as default json package but you can change it by build from other tags.
-
-[jsoniter](https://github.com/json-iterator/go)
-
-```sh
-go build -tags=jsoniter .
-```
-
-[go-json](https://github.com/goccy/go-json)
-
-```sh
-go build -tags=go_json .
-```
-
-[sonic](https://github.com/bytedance/sonic) (you have to ensure that your cpu support avx instruction.)
-
-```sh
-$ go build -tags="sonic avx" .
-```
-
-## Build without `MsgPack` rendering feature
-
-Gin enables `MsgPack` rendering feature by default. But you can disable this feature by specifying `nomsgpack` build tag.
-
-```sh
-go build -tags=nomsgpack .
-```
-
-This is useful to reduce the binary size of executable files. See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/1852).
-
-## API Examples
-
-You can find a number of ready-to-run examples at [Gin examples repository](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples).
-
-### Using GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE and OPTIONS
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  // Creates a gin router with default middleware:
-  // logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
-  router := gin.Default()
-
-  router.GET("/someGet", getting)
-  router.POST("/somePost", posting)
-  router.PUT("/somePut", putting)
-  router.DELETE("/someDelete", deleting)
-  router.PATCH("/somePatch", patching)
-  router.HEAD("/someHead", head)
-  router.OPTIONS("/someOptions", options)
-
-  // By default it serves on :8080 unless a
-  // PORT environment variable was defined.
-  router.Run()
-  // router.Run(":3000") for a hard coded port
-}
-```
-
-### Parameters in path
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-
-  // This handler will match /user/john but will not match /user/ or /user
-  router.GET("/user/:name", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    name := c.Param("name")
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s", name)
-  })
-
-  // However, this one will match /user/john/ and also /user/john/send
-  // If no other routers match /user/john, it will redirect to /user/john/
-  router.GET("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    name := c.Param("name")
-    action := c.Param("action")
-    message := name + " is " + action
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, message)
-  })
-
-  // For each matched request Context will hold the route definition
-  router.POST("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    b := c.FullPath() == "/user/:name/*action" // true
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, "%t", b)
-  })
-
-  // This handler will add a new router for /user/groups.
-  // Exact routes are resolved before param routes, regardless of the order they were defined.
-  // Routes starting with /user/groups are never interpreted as /user/:name/... routes
-  router.GET("/user/groups", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, "The available groups are [...]")
-  })
-
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Querystring parameters
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-
-  // Query string parameters are parsed using the existing underlying request object.
-  // The request responds to an url matching:  /welcome?firstname=Jane&lastname=Doe
-  router.GET("/welcome", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    firstname := c.DefaultQuery("firstname", "Guest")
-    lastname := c.Query("lastname") // shortcut for c.Request.URL.Query().Get("lastname")
-
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s %s", firstname, lastname)
-  })
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Multipart/Urlencoded Form
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-
-  router.POST("/form_post", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    message := c.PostForm("message")
-    nick := c.DefaultPostForm("nick", "anonymous")
-
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
-      "status":  "posted",
-      "message": message,
-      "nick":    nick,
-    })
-  })
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Another example: query + post form
-
-```sh
-POST /post?id=1234&page=1 HTTP/1.1
-Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
-
-name=manu&message=this_is_great
-```
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-
-  router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) {
-
-    id := c.Query("id")
-    page := c.DefaultQuery("page", "0")
-    name := c.PostForm("name")
-    message := c.PostForm("message")
-
-    fmt.Printf("id: %s; page: %s; name: %s; message: %s", id, page, name, message)
-  })
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-```sh
-id: 1234; page: 1; name: manu; message: this_is_great
-```
-
-### Map as querystring or postform parameters
-
-```sh
-POST /post?ids[a]=1234&ids[b]=hello HTTP/1.1
-Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
-
-names[first]=thinkerou&names[second]=tianou
-```
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-
-  router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) {
-
-    ids := c.QueryMap("ids")
-    names := c.PostFormMap("names")
-
-    fmt.Printf("ids: %v; names: %v", ids, names)
-  })
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-```sh
-ids: map[b:hello a:1234]; names: map[second:tianou first:thinkerou]
-```
-
-### Upload files
-
-#### Single file
-
-References issue [#774](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/774) and detail [example code](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/upload-file/single).
 
-`file.Filename` **SHOULD NOT** be trusted. See [`Content-Disposition` on MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Disposition#Directives) and [#1693](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/1693)
+## Middlewares
 
-> The filename is always optional and must not be used blindly by the application: path information should be stripped, and conversion to the server file system rules should be done.
+You can find many useful Gin middlewares at [gin-contrib](https://github.com/gin-contrib).
 
-```go
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-  // Set a lower memory limit for multipart forms (default is 32 MiB)
-  router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20  // 8 MiB
-  router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    // Single file
-    file, _ := c.FormFile("file")
-    log.Println(file.Filename)
-
-    // Upload the file to specific dst.
-    c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)
-
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("'%s' uploaded!", file.Filename))
-  })
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-How to `curl`:
-
-```bash
-curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \
-  -F "file=@/Users/appleboy/test.zip" \
-  -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data"
-```
-
-#### Multiple files
-
-See the detail [example code](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/upload-file/multiple).
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-  // Set a lower memory limit for multipart forms (default is 32 MiB)
-  router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20  // 8 MiB
-  router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    // Multipart form
-    form, _ := c.MultipartForm()
-    files := form.File["upload[]"]
-
-    for _, file := range files {
-      log.Println(file.Filename)
-
-      // Upload the file to specific dst.
-      c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)
-    }
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("%d files uploaded!", len(files)))
-  })
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-How to `curl`:
-
-```bash
-curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \
-  -F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test1.zip" \
-  -F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test2.zip" \
-  -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data"
-```
-
-### Grouping routes
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-
-  // Simple group: v1
-  v1 := router.Group("/v1")
-  {
-    v1.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
-    v1.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
-    v1.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
-  }
-
-  // Simple group: v2
-  v2 := router.Group("/v2")
-  {
-    v2.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
-    v2.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
-    v2.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
-  }
-
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Blank Gin without middleware by default
-
-Use
-
-```go
-r := gin.New()
-```
-
-instead of
-
-```go
-// Default With the Logger and Recovery middleware already attached
-r := gin.Default()
-```
-
-### Using middleware
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  // Creates a router without any middleware by default
-  r := gin.New()
-
-  // Global middleware
-  // Logger middleware will write the logs to gin.DefaultWriter even if you set with GIN_MODE=release.
-  // By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
-  r.Use(gin.Logger())
-
-  // Recovery middleware recovers from any panics and writes a 500 if there was one.
-  r.Use(gin.Recovery())
-
-  // Per route middleware, you can add as many as you desire.
-  r.GET("/benchmark", MyBenchLogger(), benchEndpoint)
-
-  // Authorization group
-  // authorized := r.Group("/", AuthRequired())
-  // exactly the same as:
-  authorized := r.Group("/")
-  // per group middleware! in this case we use the custom created
-  // AuthRequired() middleware just in the "authorized" group.
-  authorized.Use(AuthRequired())
-  {
-    authorized.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
-    authorized.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
-    authorized.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
-
-    // nested group
-    testing := authorized.Group("testing")
-    // visit 0.0.0.0:8080/testing/analytics
-    testing.GET("/analytics", analyticsEndpoint)
-  }
-
-  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
-  r.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Custom Recovery behavior
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  // Creates a router without any middleware by default
-  r := gin.New()
-
-  // Global middleware
-  // Logger middleware will write the logs to gin.DefaultWriter even if you set with GIN_MODE=release.
-  // By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
-  r.Use(gin.Logger())
-
-  // Recovery middleware recovers from any panics and writes a 500 if there was one.
-  r.Use(gin.CustomRecovery(func(c *gin.Context, recovered interface{}) {
-    if err, ok := recovered.(string); ok {
-      c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, fmt.Sprintf("error: %s", err))
-    }
-    c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusInternalServerError)
-  }))
-
-  r.GET("/panic", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    // panic with a string -- the custom middleware could save this to a database or report it to the user
-    panic("foo")
-  })
-
-  r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, "ohai")
-  })
-
-  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
-  r.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### How to write log file
-
-```go
-func main() {
-    // Disable Console Color, you don't need console color when writing the logs to file.
-    gin.DisableConsoleColor()
-
-    // Logging to a file.
-    f, _ := os.Create("gin.log")
-    gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f)
-
-    // Use the following code if you need to write the logs to file and console at the same time.
-    // gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f, os.Stdout)
-
-    router := gin.Default()
-    router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
-        c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
-    })
-
-    router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Custom Log Format
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  router := gin.New()
-
-  // LoggerWithFormatter middleware will write the logs to gin.DefaultWriter
-  // By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
-  router.Use(gin.LoggerWithFormatter(func(param gin.LogFormatterParams) string {
-
-    // your custom format
-    return fmt.Sprintf("%s - [%s] \"%s %s %s %d %s \"%s\" %s\"\n",
-        param.ClientIP,
-        param.TimeStamp.Format(time.RFC1123),
-        param.Method,
-        param.Path,
-        param.Request.Proto,
-        param.StatusCode,
-        param.Latency,
-        param.Request.UserAgent(),
-        param.ErrorMessage,
-    )
-  }))
-  router.Use(gin.Recovery())
-
-  router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
-  })
-
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-Sample Output
-
-```sh
-::1 - [Fri, 07 Dec 2018 17:04:38 JST] "GET /ping HTTP/1.1 200 122.767µs "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/71.0.3578.80 Safari/537.36" "
-```
-
-### Controlling Log output coloring
-
-By default, logs output on console should be colorized depending on the detected TTY.
-
-Never colorize logs:
-
-```go
-func main() {
-    // Disable log's color
-    gin.DisableConsoleColor()
-
-    // Creates a gin router with default middleware:
-    // logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
-    router := gin.Default()
-
-    router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
-        c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
-    })
-
-    router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-Always colorize logs:
-
-```go
-func main() {
-    // Force log's color
-    gin.ForceConsoleColor()
-
-    // Creates a gin router with default middleware:
-    // logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
-    router := gin.Default()
-
-    router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
-        c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
-    })
-
-    router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Model binding and validation
-
-To bind a request body into a type, use model binding. We currently support binding of JSON, XML, YAML, TOML and standard form values (foo=bar&boo=baz).
 
-Gin uses [**go-playground/validator/v10**](https://github.com/go-playground/validator) for validation. Check the full docs on tags usage [here](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/go-playground/validator#hdr-Baked_In_Validators_and_Tags).
-
-Note that you need to set the corresponding binding tag on all fields you want to bind. For example, when binding from JSON, set `json:"fieldname"`.
+## Users
 
-Also, Gin provides two sets of methods for binding:
+Awesome project lists using [Gin](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin) web framework.
 
-- **Type** - Must bind
-  - **Methods** - `Bind`, `BindJSON`, `BindXML`, `BindQuery`, `BindYAML`, `BindHeader`, `BindTOML`
-  - **Behavior** - These methods use `MustBindWith` under the hood. If there is a binding error, the request is aborted with `c.AbortWithError(400, err).SetType(ErrorTypeBind)`. This sets the response status code to 400 and the `Content-Type` header is set to `text/plain; charset=utf-8`. Note that if you try to set the response code after this, it will result in a warning `[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Headers were already written. Wanted to override status code 400 with 422`. If you wish to have greater control over the behavior, consider using the `ShouldBind` equivalent method.
-- **Type** - Should bind
-  - **Methods** - `ShouldBind`, `ShouldBindJSON`, `ShouldBindXML`, `ShouldBindQuery`, `ShouldBindYAML`, `ShouldBindHeader`, `ShouldBindTOML`,
-  - **Behavior** - These methods use `ShouldBindWith` under the hood. If there is a binding error, the error is returned and it is the developer's responsibility to handle the request and error appropriately.
+* [gorush](https://github.com/appleboy/gorush): A push notification server written in Go.
+* [fnproject](https://github.com/fnproject/fn): The container native, cloud agnostic serverless platform.
+* [photoprism](https://github.com/photoprism/photoprism): Personal photo management powered by Go and Google TensorFlow.
+* [lura](https://github.com/luraproject/lura): Ultra performant API Gateway with middlewares.
+* [picfit](https://github.com/thoas/picfit): An image resizing server written in Go.
+* [dkron](https://github.com/distribworks/dkron): Distributed, fault tolerant job scheduling system.
 
-When using the Bind-method, Gin tries to infer the binder depending on the Content-Type header. If you are sure what you are binding, you can use `MustBindWith` or `ShouldBindWith`.
 
-You can also specify that specific fields are required. If a field is decorated with `binding:"required"` and has an empty value when binding, an error will be returned.
+## Contributing
 
-```go
-// Binding from JSON
-type Login struct {
-  User     string `form:"user" json:"user" xml:"user"  binding:"required"`
-  Password string `form:"password" json:"password" xml:"password" binding:"required"`
-}
+Gin is the work of hundreds of contributors. We appreciate your help!
 
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-
-  // Example for binding JSON ({"user": "manu", "password": "123"})
-  router.POST("/loginJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    var json Login
-    if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&json); err != nil {
-      c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
-      return
-    }
-
-    if json.User != "manu" || json.Password != "123" {
-      c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
-      return
-    }
-
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
-  })
-
-  // Example for binding XML (
-  //  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-  //  <root>
-  //    <user>manu</user>
-  //    <password>123</password>
-  //  </root>)
-  router.POST("/loginXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    var xml Login
-    if err := c.ShouldBindXML(&xml); err != nil {
-      c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
-      return
-    }
-
-    if xml.User != "manu" || xml.Password != "123" {
-      c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
-      return
-    }
-
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
-  })
-
-  // Example for binding a HTML form (user=manu&password=123)
-  router.POST("/loginForm", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    var form Login
-    // This will infer what binder to use depending on the content-type header.
-    if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err != nil {
-      c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
-      return
-    }
-
-    if form.User != "manu" || form.Password != "123" {
-      c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
-      return
-    }
-
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
-  })
-
-  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-Sample request
-
-```sh
-$ curl -v -X POST \
-  http://localhost:8080/loginJSON \
-  -H 'content-type: application/json' \
-  -d '{ "user": "manu" }'
-> POST /loginJSON HTTP/1.1
-> Host: localhost:8080
-> User-Agent: curl/7.51.0
-> Accept: */*
-> content-type: application/json
-> Content-Length: 18
->
-* upload completely sent off: 18 out of 18 bytes
-< HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
-< Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
-< Date: Fri, 04 Aug 2017 03:51:31 GMT
-< Content-Length: 100
-<
-{"error":"Key: 'Login.Password' Error:Field validation for 'Password' failed on the 'required' tag"}
-```
-
-Skip validate: when running the above example using the above the `curl` command, it returns error. Because the example use `binding:"required"` for `Password`. If use `binding:"-"` for `Password`, then it will not return error when running the above example again.
-
-### Custom Validators
-
-It is also possible to register custom validators. See the [example code](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/custom-validation/server.go).
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
-  "net/http"
-  "time"
-
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
-  "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"
-)
-
-// Booking contains binded and validated data.
-type Booking struct {
-  CheckIn  time.Time `form:"check_in" binding:"required,bookabledate" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
-  CheckOut time.Time `form:"check_out" binding:"required,gtfield=CheckIn" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
-}
-
-var bookableDate validator.Func = func(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
-  date, ok := fl.Field().Interface().(time.Time)
-  if ok {
-    today := time.Now()
-    if today.After(date) {
-      return false
-    }
-  }
-  return true
-}
-
-func main() {
-  route := gin.Default()
-
-  if v, ok := binding.Validator.Engine().(*validator.Validate); ok {
-    v.RegisterValidation("bookabledate", bookableDate)
-  }
-
-  route.GET("/bookable", getBookable)
-  route.Run(":8085")
-}
-
-func getBookable(c *gin.Context) {
-  var b Booking
-  if err := c.ShouldBindWith(&b, binding.Query); err == nil {
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "Booking dates are valid!"})
-  } else {
-    c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
-  }
-}
-```
-
-```console
-$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2030-04-16&check_out=2030-04-17"
-{"message":"Booking dates are valid!"}
-
-$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2030-03-10&check_out=2030-03-09"
-{"error":"Key: 'Booking.CheckOut' Error:Field validation for 'CheckOut' failed on the 'gtfield' tag"}
-
-$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2000-03-09&check_out=2000-03-10"
-{"error":"Key: 'Booking.CheckIn' Error:Field validation for 'CheckIn' failed on the 'bookabledate' tag"}%
-```
-
-[Struct level validations](https://github.com/go-playground/validator/releases/tag/v8.7) can also be registered this way.
-See the [struct-lvl-validation example](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/struct-lvl-validations) to learn more.
-
-### Only Bind Query String
-
-`ShouldBindQuery` function only binds the query params and not the post data. See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/742#issuecomment-315953017).
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
-  "log"
-  "net/http"
-
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-type Person struct {
-  Name    string `form:"name"`
-  Address string `form:"address"`
-}
-
-func main() {
-  route := gin.Default()
-  route.Any("/testing", startPage)
-  route.Run(":8085")
-}
-
-func startPage(c *gin.Context) {
-  var person Person
-  if c.ShouldBindQuery(&person) == nil {
-    log.Println("====== Only Bind By Query String ======")
-    log.Println(person.Name)
-    log.Println(person.Address)
-  }
-  c.String(http.StatusOK, "Success")
-}
-
-```
-
-### Bind Query String or Post Data
-
-See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/742#issuecomment-264681292).
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
-  "log"
-  "net/http"
-  "time"
-
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-type Person struct {
-        Name       string    `form:"name"`
-        Address    string    `form:"address"`
-        Birthday   time.Time `form:"birthday" time_format:"2006-01-02" time_utc:"1"`
-        CreateTime time.Time `form:"createTime" time_format:"unixNano"`
-        UnixTime   time.Time `form:"unixTime" time_format:"unix"`
-}
-
-func main() {
-  route := gin.Default()
-  route.GET("/testing", startPage)
-  route.Run(":8085")
-}
-
-func startPage(c *gin.Context) {
-  var person Person
-  // If `GET`, only `Form` binding engine (`query`) used.
-  // If `POST`, first checks the `content-type` for `JSON` or `XML`, then uses `Form` (`form-data`).
-  // See more at https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/blob/master/binding/binding.go#L88
-        if c.ShouldBind(&person) == nil {
-                log.Println(person.Name)
-                log.Println(person.Address)
-                log.Println(person.Birthday)
-                log.Println(person.CreateTime)
-                log.Println(person.UnixTime)
-        }
-
-  c.String(http.StatusOK, "Success")
-}
-```
-
-Test it with:
-
-```sh
-curl -X GET "localhost:8085/testing?name=appleboy&address=xyz&birthday=1992-03-15&createTime=1562400033000000123&unixTime=1562400033"
-```
-
-### Bind Uri
-
-See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/846).
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
-  "net/http"
-
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-type Person struct {
-  ID string `uri:"id" binding:"required,uuid"`
-  Name string `uri:"name" binding:"required"`
-}
-
-func main() {
-  route := gin.Default()
-  route.GET("/:name/:id", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    var person Person
-    if err := c.ShouldBindUri(&person); err != nil {
-      c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"msg": err.Error()})
-      return
-    }
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"name": person.Name, "uuid": person.ID})
-  })
-  route.Run(":8088")
-}
-```
-
-Test it with:
-
-```sh
-curl -v localhost:8088/thinkerou/987fbc97-4bed-5078-9f07-9141ba07c9f3
-curl -v localhost:8088/thinkerou/not-uuid
-```
-
-### Bind Header
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
-  "fmt"
-  "net/http"
-
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-type testHeader struct {
-  Rate   int    `header:"Rate"`
-  Domain string `header:"Domain"`
-}
-
-func main() {
-  r := gin.Default()
-  r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    h := testHeader{}
-
-    if err := c.ShouldBindHeader(&h); err != nil {
-      c.JSON(http.StatusOK, err)
-    }
-
-    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", h)
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"Rate": h.Rate, "Domain": h.Domain})
-  })
-
-  r.Run()
-
-// client
-// curl -H "rate:300" -H "domain:music" 127.0.0.1:8080/
-// output
-// {"Domain":"music","Rate":300}
-}
-```
-
-### Bind HTML checkboxes
-
-See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/129#issuecomment-124260092)
-
-main.go
-
-```go
-...
-
-type myForm struct {
-    Colors []string `form:"colors[]"`
-}
-
-...
-
-func formHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-    var fakeForm myForm
-    c.ShouldBind(&fakeForm)
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"color": fakeForm.Colors})
-}
-
-...
-
-```
-
-form.html
-
-```html
-<form action="/" method="POST">
-    <p>Check some colors</p>
-    <label for="red">Red</label>
-    <input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="red" id="red">
-    <label for="green">Green</label>
-    <input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="green" id="green">
-    <label for="blue">Blue</label>
-    <input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="blue" id="blue">
-    <input type="submit">
-</form>
-```
-
-result:
-
-```json
-{"color":["red","green","blue"]}
-```
-
-### Multipart/Urlencoded binding
-
-```go
-type ProfileForm struct {
-  Name   string                `form:"name" binding:"required"`
-  Avatar *multipart.FileHeader `form:"avatar" binding:"required"`
-
-  // or for multiple files
-  // Avatars []*multipart.FileHeader `form:"avatar" binding:"required"`
-}
-
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-  router.POST("/profile", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    // you can bind multipart form with explicit binding declaration:
-    // c.ShouldBindWith(&form, binding.Form)
-    // or you can simply use autobinding with ShouldBind method:
-    var form ProfileForm
-    // in this case proper binding will be automatically selected
-    if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err != nil {
-      c.String(http.StatusBadRequest, "bad request")
-      return
-    }
-
-    err := c.SaveUploadedFile(form.Avatar, form.Avatar.Filename)
-    if err != nil {
-      c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "unknown error")
-      return
-    }
-
-    // db.Save(&form)
-
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, "ok")
-  })
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-Test it with:
-
-```sh
-curl -X POST -v --form name=user --form "avatar=@./avatar.png" http://localhost:8080/profile
-```
-
-### XML, JSON, YAML, TOML and ProtoBuf rendering
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  r := gin.Default()
-
-  // gin.H is a shortcut for map[string]interface{}
-  r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
-  })
-
-  r.GET("/moreJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    // You also can use a struct
-    var msg struct {
-      Name    string `json:"user"`
-      Message string
-      Number  int
-    }
-    msg.Name = "Lena"
-    msg.Message = "hey"
-    msg.Number = 123
-    // Note that msg.Name becomes "user" in the JSON
-    // Will output  :   {"user": "Lena", "Message": "hey", "Number": 123}
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, msg)
-  })
-
-  r.GET("/someXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.XML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
-  })
-
-  r.GET("/someYAML", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.YAML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
-  })
-
-  r.GET("/someTOML", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.TOML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
-  })
-
-  r.GET("/someProtoBuf", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    reps := []int64{int64(1), int64(2)}
-    label := "test"
-    // The specific definition of protobuf is written in the testdata/protoexample file.
-    data := &protoexample.Test{
-      Label: &label,
-      Reps:  reps,
-    }
-    // Note that data becomes binary data in the response
-    // Will output protoexample.Test protobuf serialized data
-    c.ProtoBuf(http.StatusOK, data)
-  })
-
-  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
-  r.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-#### SecureJSON
-
-Using SecureJSON to prevent json hijacking. Default prepends `"while(1),"` to response body if the given struct is array values.
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  r := gin.Default()
-
-  // You can also use your own secure json prefix
-  // r.SecureJsonPrefix(")]}',\n")
-
-  r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    names := []string{"lena", "austin", "foo"}
-
-    // Will output  :   while(1);["lena","austin","foo"]
-    c.SecureJSON(http.StatusOK, names)
-  })
-
-  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
-  r.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-#### JSONP
-
-Using JSONP to request data from a server  in a different domain. Add callback to response body if the query parameter callback exists.
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  r := gin.Default()
-
-  r.GET("/JSONP", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    data := gin.H{
-      "foo": "bar",
-    }
-
-    //callback is x
-    // Will output  :   x({\"foo\":\"bar\"})
-    c.JSONP(http.StatusOK, data)
-  })
-
-  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
-  r.Run(":8080")
-
-        // client
-        // curl http://127.0.0.1:8080/JSONP?callback=x
-}
-```
-
-#### AsciiJSON
-
-Using AsciiJSON to Generates ASCII-only JSON with escaped non-ASCII characters.
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  r := gin.Default()
-
-  r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    data := gin.H{
-      "lang": "GO语言",
-      "tag":  "<br>",
-    }
-
-    // will output : {"lang":"GO\u8bed\u8a00","tag":"\u003cbr\u003e"}
-    c.AsciiJSON(http.StatusOK, data)
-  })
-
-  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
-  r.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-#### PureJSON
-
-Normally, JSON replaces special HTML characters with their unicode entities, e.g. `<` becomes  `\u003c`. If you want to encode such characters literally, you can use PureJSON instead.
-This feature is unavailable in Go 1.6 and lower.
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  r := gin.Default()
-
-  // Serves unicode entities
-  r.GET("/json", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
-      "html": "<b>Hello, world!</b>",
-    })
-  })
-
-  // Serves literal characters
-  r.GET("/purejson", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.PureJSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
-      "html": "<b>Hello, world!</b>",
-    })
-  })
-
-  // listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
-  r.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Serving static files
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-  router.Static("/assets", "./assets")
-  router.StaticFS("/more_static", http.Dir("my_file_system"))
-  router.StaticFile("/favicon.ico", "./resources/favicon.ico")
-  router.StaticFileFS("/more_favicon.ico", "more_favicon.ico", http.Dir("my_file_system"))
-  
-  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Serving data from file
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-
-  router.GET("/local/file", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.File("local/file.go")
-  })
-
-  var fs http.FileSystem = // ...
-  router.GET("/fs/file", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.FileFromFS("fs/file.go", fs)
-  })
-}
-
-```
-
-### Serving data from reader
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-  router.GET("/someDataFromReader", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    response, err := http.Get("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gin-gonic/logo/master/color.png")
-    if err != nil || response.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-      c.Status(http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
-      return
-    }
-
-    reader := response.Body
-     defer reader.Close()
-    contentLength := response.ContentLength
-    contentType := response.Header.Get("Content-Type")
-
-    extraHeaders := map[string]string{
-      "Content-Disposition": `attachment; filename="gopher.png"`,
-    }
-
-    c.DataFromReader(http.StatusOK, contentLength, contentType, reader, extraHeaders)
-  })
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### HTML rendering
-
-Using LoadHTMLGlob() or LoadHTMLFiles()
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-  router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/*")
-  //router.LoadHTMLFiles("templates/template1.html", "templates/template2.html")
-  router.GET("/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.tmpl", gin.H{
-      "title": "Main website",
-    })
-  })
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-templates/index.tmpl
-
-```html
-<html>
-  <h1>
-    {{ .title }}
-  </h1>
-</html>
-```
-
-Using templates with same name in different directories
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-  router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/**/*")
-  router.GET("/posts/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "posts/index.tmpl", gin.H{
-      "title": "Posts",
-    })
-  })
-  router.GET("/users/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "users/index.tmpl", gin.H{
-      "title": "Users",
-    })
-  })
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-templates/posts/index.tmpl
-
-```html
-{{ define "posts/index.tmpl" }}
-<html><h1>
-  {{ .title }}
-</h1>
-<p>Using posts/index.tmpl</p>
-</html>
-{{ end }}
-```
-
-templates/users/index.tmpl
-
-```html
-{{ define "users/index.tmpl" }}
-<html><h1>
-  {{ .title }}
-</h1>
-<p>Using users/index.tmpl</p>
-</html>
-{{ end }}
-```
-
-#### Custom Template renderer
-
-You can also use your own html template render
-
-```go
-import "html/template"
-
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-  html := template.Must(template.ParseFiles("file1", "file2"))
-  router.SetHTMLTemplate(html)
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-#### Custom Delimiters
-
-You may use custom delims
-
-```go
-  r := gin.Default()
-  r.Delims("{[{", "}]}")
-  r.LoadHTMLGlob("/path/to/templates")
-```
-
-#### Custom Template Funcs
-
-See the detail [example code](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/template).
-
-main.go
-
-```go
-import (
-    "fmt"
-    "html/template"
-    "net/http"
-    "time"
-
-    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-func formatAsDate(t time.Time) string {
-    year, month, day := t.Date()
-    return fmt.Sprintf("%d/%02d/%02d", year, month, day)
-}
-
-func main() {
-    router := gin.Default()
-    router.Delims("{[{", "}]}")
-    router.SetFuncMap(template.FuncMap{
-        "formatAsDate": formatAsDate,
-    })
-    router.LoadHTMLFiles("./testdata/template/raw.tmpl")
-
-    router.GET("/raw", func(c *gin.Context) {
-        c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "raw.tmpl", gin.H{
-            "now": time.Date(2017, 07, 01, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-        })
-    })
-
-    router.Run(":8080")
-}
-
-```
-
-raw.tmpl
-
-```html
-Date: {[{.now | formatAsDate}]}
-```
-
-Result:
-
-```sh
-Date: 2017/07/01
-```
-
-### Multitemplate
-
-Gin allow by default use only one html.Template. Check [a multitemplate render](https://github.com/gin-contrib/multitemplate) for using features like go 1.6 `block template`.
-
-### Redirects
-
-Issuing a HTTP redirect is easy. Both internal and external locations are supported.
-
-```go
-r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
-  c.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, "http://www.google.com/")
-})
-```
-
-Issuing a HTTP redirect from POST. Refer to issue: [#444](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/444)
-
-```go
-r.POST("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
-  c.Redirect(http.StatusFound, "/foo")
-})
-```
-
-Issuing a Router redirect, use `HandleContext` like below.
-
-``` go
-r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.Request.URL.Path = "/test2"
-    r.HandleContext(c)
-})
-r.GET("/test2", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"hello": "world"})
-})
-```
-
-### Custom Middleware
-
-```go
-func Logger() gin.HandlerFunc {
-  return func(c *gin.Context) {
-    t := time.Now()
-
-    // Set example variable
-    c.Set("example", "12345")
-
-    // before request
-
-    c.Next()
-
-    // after request
-    latency := time.Since(t)
-    log.Print(latency)
-
-    // access the status we are sending
-    status := c.Writer.Status()
-    log.Println(status)
-  }
-}
-
-func main() {
-  r := gin.New()
-  r.Use(Logger())
-
-  r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    example := c.MustGet("example").(string)
-
-    // it would print: "12345"
-    log.Println(example)
-  })
-
-  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
-  r.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Using BasicAuth() middleware
-
-```go
-// simulate some private data
-var secrets = gin.H{
-  "foo":    gin.H{"email": "foo@bar.com", "phone": "123433"},
-  "austin": gin.H{"email": "austin@example.com", "phone": "666"},
-  "lena":   gin.H{"email": "lena@guapa.com", "phone": "523443"},
-}
-
-func main() {
-  r := gin.Default()
-
-  // Group using gin.BasicAuth() middleware
-  // gin.Accounts is a shortcut for map[string]string
-  authorized := r.Group("/admin", gin.BasicAuth(gin.Accounts{
-    "foo":    "bar",
-    "austin": "1234",
-    "lena":   "hello2",
-    "manu":   "4321",
-  }))
-
-  // /admin/secrets endpoint
-  // hit "localhost:8080/admin/secrets
-  authorized.GET("/secrets", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    // get user, it was set by the BasicAuth middleware
-    user := c.MustGet(gin.AuthUserKey).(string)
-    if secret, ok := secrets[user]; ok {
-      c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": secret})
-    } else {
-      c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": "NO SECRET :("})
-    }
-  })
-
-  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
-  r.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Goroutines inside a middleware
-
-When starting new Goroutines inside a middleware or handler, you **SHOULD NOT** use the original context inside it, you have to use a read-only copy.
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  r := gin.Default()
-
-  r.GET("/long_async", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    // create copy to be used inside the goroutine
-    cCp := c.Copy()
-    go func() {
-      // simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
-      time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
-
-      // note that you are using the copied context "cCp", IMPORTANT
-      log.Println("Done! in path " + cCp.Request.URL.Path)
-    }()
-  })
-
-  r.GET("/long_sync", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    // simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
-    time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
-
-    // since we are NOT using a goroutine, we do not have to copy the context
-    log.Println("Done! in path " + c.Request.URL.Path)
-  })
-
-  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
-  r.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Custom HTTP configuration
-
-Use `http.ListenAndServe()` directly, like this:
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-  http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router)
-}
-```
-
-or
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-
-  s := &http.Server{
-    Addr:           ":8080",
-    Handler:        router,
-    ReadTimeout:    10 * time.Second,
-    WriteTimeout:   10 * time.Second,
-    MaxHeaderBytes: 1 << 20,
-  }
-  s.ListenAndServe()
-}
-```
-
-### Support Let's Encrypt
-
-example for 1-line LetsEncrypt HTTPS servers.
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
-  "log"
-  "net/http"
-
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/autotls"
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-func main() {
-  r := gin.Default()
-
-  // Ping handler
-  r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
-  })
-
-  log.Fatal(autotls.Run(r, "example1.com", "example2.com"))
-}
-```
-
-example for custom autocert manager.
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
-  "log"
-  "net/http"
-
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/autotls"
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-  "golang.org/x/crypto/acme/autocert"
-)
-
-func main() {
-  r := gin.Default()
-
-  // Ping handler
-  r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
-  })
-
-  m := autocert.Manager{
-    Prompt:     autocert.AcceptTOS,
-    HostPolicy: autocert.HostWhitelist("example1.com", "example2.com"),
-    Cache:      autocert.DirCache("/var/www/.cache"),
-  }
-
-  log.Fatal(autotls.RunWithManager(r, &m))
-}
-```
-
-### Run multiple service using Gin
-
-See the [question](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/346) and try the following example:
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
-  "log"
-  "net/http"
-  "time"
-
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-  "golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
-)
-
-var (
-  g errgroup.Group
-)
-
-func router01() http.Handler {
-  e := gin.New()
-  e.Use(gin.Recovery())
-  e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.JSON(
-      http.StatusOK,
-      gin.H{
-        "code":  http.StatusOK,
-        "error": "Welcome server 01",
-      },
-    )
-  })
-
-  return e
-}
-
-func router02() http.Handler {
-  e := gin.New()
-  e.Use(gin.Recovery())
-  e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.JSON(
-      http.StatusOK,
-      gin.H{
-        "code":  http.StatusOK,
-        "error": "Welcome server 02",
-      },
-    )
-  })
-
-  return e
-}
-
-func main() {
-  server01 := &http.Server{
-    Addr:         ":8080",
-    Handler:      router01(),
-    ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
-    WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
-  }
-
-  server02 := &http.Server{
-    Addr:         ":8081",
-    Handler:      router02(),
-    ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
-    WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
-  }
-
-  g.Go(func() error {
-    err := server01.ListenAndServe()
-    if err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
-      log.Fatal(err)
-    }
-    return err
-  })
-
-  g.Go(func() error {
-    err := server02.ListenAndServe()
-    if err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
-      log.Fatal(err)
-    }
-    return err
-  })
-
-  if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
-    log.Fatal(err)
-  }
-}
-```
-
-### Graceful shutdown or restart
-
-There are a few approaches you can use to perform a graceful shutdown or restart. You can make use of third-party packages specifically built for that, or you can manually do the same with the functions and methods from the built-in packages.
-
-#### Third-party packages
-
-We can use [fvbock/endless](https://github.com/fvbock/endless) to replace the default `ListenAndServe`. Refer to issue [#296](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/296) for more details.
-
-```go
-router := gin.Default()
-router.GET("/", handler)
-// [...]
-endless.ListenAndServe(":4242", router)
-```
-
-Alternatives:
-
-* [grace](https://github.com/facebookgo/grace): Graceful restart & zero downtime deploy for Go servers.
-* [graceful](https://github.com/tylerb/graceful): Graceful is a Go package enabling graceful shutdown of an http.Handler server.
-* [manners](https://github.com/braintree/manners): A polite Go HTTP server that shuts down gracefully.
-
-#### Manually
-
-In case you are using Go 1.8 or a later version, you may not need to use those libraries. Consider using `http.Server`'s built-in [Shutdown()](https://pkg.go.dev/net/http#Server.Shutdown) method for graceful shutdowns. The example below describes its usage, and we've got more examples using gin [here](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/graceful-shutdown).
-
-```go
-// +build go1.8
-
-package main
-
-import (
-  "context"
-  "log"
-  "net/http"
-  "os"
-  "os/signal"
-  "syscall"
-  "time"
-
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-  router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, "Welcome Gin Server")
-  })
-
-  srv := &http.Server{
-    Addr:    ":8080",
-    Handler: router,
-  }
-
-  // Initializing the server in a goroutine so that
-  // it won't block the graceful shutdown handling below
-  go func() {
-    if err := srv.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
-      log.Printf("listen: %s\n", err)
-    }
-  }()
-
-  // Wait for interrupt signal to gracefully shutdown the server with
-  // a timeout of 5 seconds.
-  quit := make(chan os.Signal)
-  // kill (no param) default send syscall.SIGTERM
-  // kill -2 is syscall.SIGINT
-  // kill -9 is syscall.SIGKILL but can't be caught, so don't need to add it
-  signal.Notify(quit, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
-  <-quit
-  log.Println("Shutting down server...")
-
-  // The context is used to inform the server it has 5 seconds to finish
-  // the request it is currently handling
-  ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
-  defer cancel()
-
-  if err := srv.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
-    log.Fatal("Server forced to shutdown:", err)
-  }
-
-  log.Println("Server exiting")
-}
-```
-
-### Build a single binary with templates
-
-You can build a server into a single binary containing templates by using the [embed](https://pkg.go.dev/embed) package.
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
-  "embed"
-  "html/template"
-  "net/http"
-
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-//go:embed assets/* templates/*
-var f embed.FS
-
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-  templ := template.Must(template.New("").ParseFS(f, "templates/*.tmpl", "templates/foo/*.tmpl"))
-  router.SetHTMLTemplate(templ)
-
-  // example: /public/assets/images/example.png
-  router.StaticFS("/public", http.FS(f))
-
-  router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.tmpl", gin.H{
-      "title": "Main website",
-    })
-  })
-
-  router.GET("/foo", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "bar.tmpl", gin.H{
-      "title": "Foo website",
-    })
-  })
-
-  router.GET("favicon.ico", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    file, _ := f.ReadFile("assets/favicon.ico")
-    c.Data(
-      http.StatusOK,
-      "image/x-icon",
-      file,
-    )
-  })
-
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-See a complete example in the `https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/assets-in-binary/example02` directory.
-
-### Bind form-data request with custom struct
-
-The follow example using custom struct:
-
-```go
-type StructA struct {
-    FieldA string `form:"field_a"`
-}
-
-type StructB struct {
-    NestedStruct StructA
-    FieldB string `form:"field_b"`
-}
-
-type StructC struct {
-    NestedStructPointer *StructA
-    FieldC string `form:"field_c"`
-}
-
-type StructD struct {
-    NestedAnonyStruct struct {
-        FieldX string `form:"field_x"`
-    }
-    FieldD string `form:"field_d"`
-}
-
-func GetDataB(c *gin.Context) {
-    var b StructB
-    c.Bind(&b)
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
-        "a": b.NestedStruct,
-        "b": b.FieldB,
-    })
-}
-
-func GetDataC(c *gin.Context) {
-    var b StructC
-    c.Bind(&b)
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
-        "a": b.NestedStructPointer,
-        "c": b.FieldC,
-    })
-}
-
-func GetDataD(c *gin.Context) {
-    var b StructD
-    c.Bind(&b)
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
-        "x": b.NestedAnonyStruct,
-        "d": b.FieldD,
-    })
-}
-
-func main() {
-    r := gin.Default()
-    r.GET("/getb", GetDataB)
-    r.GET("/getc", GetDataC)
-    r.GET("/getd", GetDataD)
-
-    r.Run()
-}
-```
-
-Using the command `curl` command result:
-
-```sh
-$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getb?field_a=hello&field_b=world"
-{"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"b":"world"}
-$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getc?field_a=hello&field_c=world"
-{"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"c":"world"}
-$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getd?field_x=hello&field_d=world"
-{"d":"world","x":{"FieldX":"hello"}}
-```
-
-### Try to bind body into different structs
-
-The normal methods for binding request body consumes `c.Request.Body` and they
-cannot be called multiple times.
-
-```go
-type formA struct {
-  Foo string `json:"foo" xml:"foo" binding:"required"`
-}
-
-type formB struct {
-  Bar string `json:"bar" xml:"bar" binding:"required"`
-}
-
-func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-  objA := formA{}
-  objB := formB{}
-  // This c.ShouldBind consumes c.Request.Body and it cannot be reused.
-  if errA := c.ShouldBind(&objA); errA == nil {
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`)
-  // Always an error is occurred by this because c.Request.Body is EOF now.
-  } else if errB := c.ShouldBind(&objB); errB == nil {
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB`)
-  } else {
-    ...
-  }
-}
-```
-
-For this, you can use `c.ShouldBindBodyWith`.
-
-```go
-func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-  objA := formA{}
-  objB := formB{}
-  // This reads c.Request.Body and stores the result into the context.
-  if errA := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objA, binding.Form); errA == nil {
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`)
-  // At this time, it reuses body stored in the context.
-  } else if errB := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.JSON); errB == nil {
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB JSON`)
-  // And it can accepts other formats
-  } else if errB2 := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.XML); errB2 == nil {
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB XML`)
-  } else {
-    ...
-  }
-}
-```
-
-1. `c.ShouldBindBodyWith` stores body into the context before binding. This has
-a slight impact to performance, so you should not use this method if you are
-enough to call binding at once.
-2. This feature is only needed for some formats -- `JSON`, `XML`, `MsgPack`,
-`ProtoBuf`. For other formats, `Query`, `Form`, `FormPost`, `FormMultipart`,
-can be called by `c.ShouldBind()` multiple times without any damage to
-performance (See [#1341](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/1341)).
-
-### Bind form-data request with custom struct and custom tag
-
-```go
-const (
-  customerTag = "url"
-  defaultMemory = 32 << 20
-)
-
-type customerBinding struct {}
-
-func (customerBinding) Name() string {
-  return "form"
-}
-
-func (customerBinding) Bind(req *http.Request, obj interface{}) error {
-  if err := req.ParseForm(); err != nil {
-    return err
-  }
-  if err := req.ParseMultipartForm(defaultMemory); err != nil {
-    if err != http.ErrNotMultipart {
-      return err
-    }
-  }
-  if err := binding.MapFormWithTag(obj, req.Form, customerTag); err != nil {
-    return err
-  }
-  return validate(obj)
-}
-
-func validate(obj interface{}) error {
-  if binding.Validator == nil {
-    return nil
-  }
-  return binding.Validator.ValidateStruct(obj)
-}
-
-// Now we can do this!!!
-// FormA is an external type that we can't modify it's tag
-type FormA struct {
-  FieldA string `url:"field_a"`
-}
-
-func ListHandler(s *Service) func(ctx *gin.Context) {
-  return func(ctx *gin.Context) {
-    var urlBinding = customerBinding{}
-    var opt FormA
-    err := ctx.MustBindWith(&opt, urlBinding)
-    if err != nil {
-      ...
-    }
-    ...
-  }
-}
-```
-
-### http2 server push
-
-http.Pusher is supported only **go1.8+**. See the [golang blog](https://go.dev/blog/h2push) for detail information.
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
-  "html/template"
-  "log"
-  "net/http"
-
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-var html = template.Must(template.New("https").Parse(`
-<html>
-<head>
-  <title>Https Test</title>
-  <script src="/assets/app.js"></script>
-</head>
-<body>
-  <h1 style="color:red;">Welcome, Ginner!</h1>
-</body>
-</html>
-`))
-
-func main() {
-  r := gin.Default()
-  r.Static("/assets", "./assets")
-  r.SetHTMLTemplate(html)
-
-  r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    if pusher := c.Writer.Pusher(); pusher != nil {
-      // use pusher.Push() to do server push
-      if err := pusher.Push("/assets/app.js", nil); err != nil {
-        log.Printf("Failed to push: %v", err)
-      }
-    }
-    c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "https", gin.H{
-      "status": "success",
-    })
-  })
-
-  // Listen and Server in https://127.0.0.1:8080
-  r.RunTLS(":8080", "./testdata/server.pem", "./testdata/server.key")
-}
-```
-
-### Define format for the log of routes
-
-The default log of routes is:
-
-```sh
-[GIN-debug] POST   /foo                      --> main.main.func1 (3 handlers)
-[GIN-debug] GET    /bar                      --> main.main.func2 (3 handlers)
-[GIN-debug] GET    /status                   --> main.main.func3 (3 handlers)
-```
-
-If you want to log this information in given format (e.g. JSON, key values or something else), then you can define this format with `gin.DebugPrintRouteFunc`.
-In the example below, we log all routes with standard log package but you can use another log tools that suits of your needs.
-
-```go
-import (
-  "log"
-  "net/http"
-
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-func main() {
-  r := gin.Default()
-  gin.DebugPrintRouteFunc = func(httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName string, nuHandlers int) {
-    log.Printf("endpoint %v %v %v %v\n", httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName, nuHandlers)
-  }
-
-  r.POST("/foo", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "foo")
-  })
-
-  r.GET("/bar", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "bar")
-  })
-
-  r.GET("/status", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "ok")
-  })
-
-  // Listen and Server in http://0.0.0.0:8080
-  r.Run()
-}
-```
-
-### Set and get a cookie
-
-```go
-import (
-    "fmt"
-
-    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-func main() {
-
-    router := gin.Default()
-
-    router.GET("/cookie", func(c *gin.Context) {
-
-        cookie, err := c.Cookie("gin_cookie")
-
-        if err != nil {
-            cookie = "NotSet"
-            c.SetCookie("gin_cookie", "test", 3600, "/", "localhost", false, true)
-        }
-
-        fmt.Printf("Cookie value: %s \n", cookie)
-    })
-
-    router.Run()
-}
-```
-
-## Don't trust all proxies
-
-Gin lets you specify which headers to hold the real client IP (if any),
-as well as specifying which proxies (or direct clients) you trust to
-specify one of these headers.
-
-Use function `SetTrustedProxies()` on your `gin.Engine` to specify network addresses
-or network CIDRs from where clients which their request headers related to client
-IP can be trusted. They can be IPv4 addresses, IPv4 CIDRs, IPv6 addresses or
-IPv6 CIDRs.
-
-**Attention:** Gin trust all proxies by default if you don't specify a trusted 
-proxy using the function above, **this is NOT safe**. At the same time, if you don't
-use any proxy, you can disable this feature by using `Engine.SetTrustedProxies(nil)`,
-then `Context.ClientIP()` will return the remote address directly to avoid some
-unnecessary computation.
-
-```go
-import (
-  "fmt"
-
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-func main() {
-
-  router := gin.Default()
-  router.SetTrustedProxies([]string{"192.168.1.2"})
-
-  router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    // If the client is 192.168.1.2, use the X-Forwarded-For
-    // header to deduce the original client IP from the trust-
-    // worthy parts of that header.
-    // Otherwise, simply return the direct client IP
-    fmt.Printf("ClientIP: %s\n", c.ClientIP())
-  })
-  router.Run()
-}
-```
-
-**Notice:** If you are using a CDN service, you can set the `Engine.TrustedPlatform`
-to skip TrustedProxies check, it has a higher priority than TrustedProxies. 
-Look at the example below:
-
-```go
-import (
-  "fmt"
-
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-func main() {
-
-  router := gin.Default()
-  // Use predefined header gin.PlatformXXX
-  router.TrustedPlatform = gin.PlatformGoogleAppEngine
-  // Or set your own trusted request header for another trusted proxy service
-  // Don't set it to any suspect request header, it's unsafe
-  router.TrustedPlatform = "X-CDN-IP"
-
-  router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    // If you set TrustedPlatform, ClientIP() will resolve the
-    // corresponding header and return IP directly
-    fmt.Printf("ClientIP: %s\n", c.ClientIP())
-  })
-  router.Run()
-}
-```
-
-## Testing
-
-The `net/http/httptest` package is preferable way for HTTP testing.
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
-  "net/http"
-
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-func setupRouter() *gin.Engine {
-  r := gin.Default()
-  r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
-  })
-  return r
-}
-
-func main() {
-  r := setupRouter()
-  r.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-Test for code example above:
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
-  "net/http"
-  "net/http/httptest"
-  "testing"
-
-  "github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-)
-
-func TestPingRoute(t *testing.T) {
-  router := setupRouter()
-
-  w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-  req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/ping", nil)
-  router.ServeHTTP(w, req)
-
-  assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
-  assert.Equal(t, "pong", w.Body.String())
-}
-```
-
-## Users
-
-Awesome project lists using [Gin](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin) web framework.
-
-* [gorush](https://github.com/appleboy/gorush): A push notification server written in Go.
-* [fnproject](https://github.com/fnproject/fn): The container native, cloud agnostic serverless platform.
-* [photoprism](https://github.com/photoprism/photoprism): Personal photo management powered by Go and Google TensorFlow.
-* [lura](https://github.com/luraproject/lura): Ultra performant API Gateway with middlewares.
-* [picfit](https://github.com/thoas/picfit): An image resizing server written in Go.
-* [brigade](https://github.com/brigadecore/brigade): Event-based Scripting for Kubernetes.
-* [dkron](https://github.com/distribworks/dkron): Distributed, fault tolerant job scheduling system.
+Please see [CONTRIBUTING](CONTRIBUTING.md) for details on submitting patches and the contribution workflow.
diff --git a/any.go b/any.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 42b1ea4..0000000
--- a/any.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2022 Gin Core Team. All rights reserved.
-// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT style
-// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
-
-//go:build !go1.18
-// +build !go1.18
-
-package gin
-
-type any = interface{}
diff --git a/auth.go b/auth.go
index 2503c51..cc6c5a7 100644
--- a/auth.go
+++ b/auth.go
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 
 // AuthUserKey is the cookie name for user credential in basic auth.
 const AuthUserKey = "user"
+const AuthProxyUserKey = "proxy_user"
 
 // Accounts defines a key/value for user/pass list of authorized logins.
 type Accounts map[string]string
@@ -89,3 +90,23 @@ func authorizationHeader(user, password string) string {
 	base := user + ":" + password
 	return "Basic " + base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(bytesconv.StringToBytes(base))
 }
+
+func BasicAuthForProxy(accounts Accounts, realm string) HandlerFunc {
+	if realm == "" {
+		realm = "Proxy Authorization Required"
+	}
+	realm = "Basic realm=" + strconv.Quote(realm)
+	pairs := processAccounts(accounts)
+	return func(c *Context) {
+		proxyUser, found := pairs.searchCredential(c.requestHeader("Proxy-Authorization"))
+		if !found {
+			// Credentials doesn't match, we return 407 and abort handlers chain.
+			c.Header("Proxy-Authenticate", realm)
+			c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusProxyAuthRequired)
+			return
+		}
+		// The proxy_user credentials was found, set proxy_user's id to key AuthProxyUserKey in this context, the proxy_user's id can be read later using
+		// c.MustGet(gin.AuthProxyUserKey).
+		c.Set(AuthProxyUserKey, proxyUser)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/binding/any.go b/binding/any.go
deleted file mode 100644
index d8251a7..0000000
--- a/binding/any.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2022 Gin Core Team. All rights reserved.
-// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT style
-// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
-
-//go:build !go1.18
-// +build !go1.18
-
-package binding
-
-type any = interface{}
diff --git a/binding/binding.go b/binding/binding.go
index a58924e..036b329 100644
--- a/binding/binding.go
+++ b/binding/binding.go
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
 //go:build !nomsgpack
-// +build !nomsgpack
 
 package binding
 
@@ -22,6 +21,7 @@ const (
 	MIMEMSGPACK           = "application/x-msgpack"
 	MIMEMSGPACK2          = "application/msgpack"
 	MIMEYAML              = "application/x-yaml"
+	MIMEYAML2             = "application/yaml"
 	MIMETOML              = "application/toml"
 )
 
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ func Default(method, contentType string) Binding {
 		return ProtoBuf
 	case MIMEMSGPACK, MIMEMSGPACK2:
 		return MsgPack
-	case MIMEYAML:
+	case MIMEYAML, MIMEYAML2:
 		return YAML
 	case MIMETOML:
 		return TOML
diff --git a/binding/binding_nomsgpack.go b/binding/binding_nomsgpack.go
index 7f6a904..552a86b 100644
--- a/binding/binding_nomsgpack.go
+++ b/binding/binding_nomsgpack.go
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
 //go:build nomsgpack
-// +build nomsgpack
 
 package binding
 
@@ -20,6 +19,7 @@ const (
 	MIMEMultipartPOSTForm = "multipart/form-data"
 	MIMEPROTOBUF          = "application/x-protobuf"
 	MIMEYAML              = "application/x-yaml"
+	MIMEYAML2             = "application/yaml"
 	MIMETOML              = "application/toml"
 )
 
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ func Default(method, contentType string) Binding {
 		return XML
 	case MIMEPROTOBUF:
 		return ProtoBuf
-	case MIMEYAML:
+	case MIMEYAML, MIMEYAML2:
 		return YAML
 	case MIMEMultipartPOSTForm:
 		return FormMultipart
diff --git a/binding/default_validator.go b/binding/default_validator.go
index e216b85..ac43d7c 100644
--- a/binding/default_validator.go
+++ b/binding/default_validator.go
@@ -54,7 +54,10 @@ func (v *defaultValidator) ValidateStruct(obj any) error {
 	value := reflect.ValueOf(obj)
 	switch value.Kind() {
 	case reflect.Ptr:
-		return v.ValidateStruct(value.Elem().Interface())
+		if value.Elem().Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+			return v.ValidateStruct(value.Elem().Interface())
+		}
+		return v.validateStruct(obj)
 	case reflect.Struct:
 		return v.validateStruct(obj)
 	case reflect.Slice, reflect.Array:
diff --git a/binding/form_mapping.go b/binding/form_mapping.go
index 540bbbb..77a1bde 100644
--- a/binding/form_mapping.go
+++ b/binding/form_mapping.go
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ package binding
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"mime/multipart"
 	"reflect"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -235,10 +236,17 @@ func setWithProperType(val string, value reflect.Value, field reflect.StructFiel
 		switch value.Interface().(type) {
 		case time.Time:
 			return setTimeField(val, field, value)
+		case multipart.FileHeader:
+			return nil
 		}
 		return json.Unmarshal(bytesconv.StringToBytes(val), value.Addr().Interface())
 	case reflect.Map:
 		return json.Unmarshal(bytesconv.StringToBytes(val), value.Addr().Interface())
+	case reflect.Ptr:
+		if !value.Elem().IsValid() {
+			value.Set(reflect.New(value.Type().Elem()))
+		}
+		return setWithProperType(val, value.Elem(), field)
 	default:
 		return errUnknownType
 	}
diff --git a/binding/json.go b/binding/json.go
index 36eb27a..e21c2ee 100644
--- a/binding/json.go
+++ b/binding/json.go
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import (
 
 // EnableDecoderUseNumber is used to call the UseNumber method on the JSON
 // Decoder instance. UseNumber causes the Decoder to unmarshal a number into an
-// interface{} as a Number instead of as a float64.
+// any as a Number instead of as a float64.
 var EnableDecoderUseNumber = false
 
 // EnableDecoderDisallowUnknownFields is used to call the DisallowUnknownFields method
diff --git a/binding/msgpack.go b/binding/msgpack.go
index d1f035e..22de9b5 100644
--- a/binding/msgpack.go
+++ b/binding/msgpack.go
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
 //go:build !nomsgpack
-// +build !nomsgpack
 
 package binding
 
diff --git a/binding/toml.go b/binding/toml.go
index a6b8a90..a66b93a 100644
--- a/binding/toml.go
+++ b/binding/toml.go
@@ -18,14 +18,6 @@ func (tomlBinding) Name() string {
 	return "toml"
 }
 
-func decodeToml(r io.Reader, obj any) error {
-	decoder := toml.NewDecoder(r)
-	if err := decoder.Decode(obj); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return decoder.Decode(obj)
-}
-
 func (tomlBinding) Bind(req *http.Request, obj any) error {
 	return decodeToml(req.Body, obj)
 }
@@ -33,3 +25,11 @@ func (tomlBinding) Bind(req *http.Request, obj any) error {
 func (tomlBinding) BindBody(body []byte, obj any) error {
 	return decodeToml(bytes.NewReader(body), obj)
 }
+
+func decodeToml(r io.Reader, obj any) error {
+	decoder := toml.NewDecoder(r)
+	if err := decoder.Decode(obj); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return decoder.Decode(obj)
+}
diff --git a/binding/yaml.go b/binding/yaml.go
index b0d36a3..2535f8c 100644
--- a/binding/yaml.go
+++ b/binding/yaml.go
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
 
-	"gopkg.in/yaml.v2"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 )
 
 type yamlBinding struct{}
diff --git a/codecov.yml b/codecov.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index c9c9a52..0000000
--- a/codecov.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-coverage:
-  notify:
-    gitter:
-      default:
-        url: https://webhooks.gitter.im/e/d90dcdeeab2f1e357165
diff --git a/context.go b/context.go
index c41c71e..0c73a49 100644
--- a/context.go
+++ b/context.go
@@ -113,20 +113,27 @@ func (c *Context) Copy() *Context {
 	cp := Context{
 		writermem: c.writermem,
 		Request:   c.Request,
-		Params:    c.Params,
 		engine:    c.engine,
 	}
+
 	cp.writermem.ResponseWriter = nil
 	cp.Writer = &cp.writermem
 	cp.index = abortIndex
 	cp.handlers = nil
-	cp.Keys = map[string]any{}
-	for k, v := range c.Keys {
+	cp.fullPath = c.fullPath
+
+	cKeys := c.Keys
+	cp.Keys = make(map[string]any, len(cKeys))
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	for k, v := range cKeys {
 		cp.Keys[k] = v
 	}
-	paramCopy := make([]Param, len(cp.Params))
-	copy(paramCopy, cp.Params)
-	cp.Params = paramCopy
+	c.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	cParams := c.Params
+	cp.Params = make([]Param, len(cParams))
+	copy(cp.Params, cParams)
+
 	return &cp
 }
 
@@ -248,20 +255,20 @@ func (c *Context) Error(err error) *Error {
 // It also lazy initializes  c.Keys if it was not used previously.
 func (c *Context) Set(key string, value any) {
 	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
 	if c.Keys == nil {
 		c.Keys = make(map[string]any)
 	}
 
 	c.Keys[key] = value
-	c.mu.Unlock()
 }
 
 // Get returns the value for the given key, ie: (value, true).
 // If the value does not exist it returns (nil, false)
 func (c *Context) Get(key string) (value any, exists bool) {
 	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
 	value, exists = c.Keys[key]
-	c.mu.RUnlock()
 	return
 }
 
@@ -387,6 +394,8 @@ func (c *Context) GetStringMapStringSlice(key string) (smss map[string][]string)
 //	router.GET("/user/:id", func(c *gin.Context) {
 //	    // a GET request to /user/john
 //	    id := c.Param("id") // id == "john"
+//	    // a GET request to /user/john/
+//	    id := c.Param("id") // id == "/john/"
 //	})
 func (c *Context) Param(key string) string {
 	return c.Params.ByName(key)
@@ -650,7 +659,7 @@ func (c *Context) BindYAML(obj any) error {
 }
 
 // BindTOML is a shortcut for c.MustBindWith(obj, binding.TOML).
-func (c *Context) BindTOML(obj interface{}) error {
+func (c *Context) BindTOML(obj any) error {
 	return c.MustBindWith(obj, binding.TOML)
 }
 
@@ -715,7 +724,7 @@ func (c *Context) ShouldBindYAML(obj any) error {
 }
 
 // ShouldBindTOML is a shortcut for c.ShouldBindWith(obj, binding.TOML).
-func (c *Context) ShouldBindTOML(obj interface{}) error {
+func (c *Context) ShouldBindTOML(obj any) error {
 	return c.ShouldBindWith(obj, binding.TOML)
 }
 
@@ -871,6 +880,9 @@ func (c *Context) GetHeader(key string) string {
 
 // GetRawData returns stream data.
 func (c *Context) GetRawData() ([]byte, error) {
+	if c.Request.Body == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("cannot read nil body")
+	}
 	return io.ReadAll(c.Request.Body)
 }
 
@@ -922,7 +934,9 @@ func (c *Context) Render(code int, r render.Render) {
 	}
 
 	if err := r.Render(c.Writer); err != nil {
-		panic(err)
+		// Pushing error to c.Errors
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		c.Abort()
 	}
 }
 
@@ -991,7 +1005,7 @@ func (c *Context) YAML(code int, obj any) {
 }
 
 // TOML serializes the given struct as TOML into the response body.
-func (c *Context) TOML(code int, obj interface{}) {
+func (c *Context) TOML(code int, obj any) {
 	c.Render(code, render.TOML{Data: obj})
 }
 
@@ -1048,11 +1062,17 @@ func (c *Context) FileFromFS(filepath string, fs http.FileSystem) {
 	http.FileServer(fs).ServeHTTP(c.Writer, c.Request)
 }
 
+var quoteEscaper = strings.NewReplacer("\\", "\\\\", `"`, "\\\"")
+
+func escapeQuotes(s string) string {
+	return quoteEscaper.Replace(s)
+}
+
 // FileAttachment writes the specified file into the body stream in an efficient way
 // On the client side, the file will typically be downloaded with the given filename
 func (c *Context) FileAttachment(filepath, filename string) {
 	if isASCII(filename) {
-		c.Writer.Header().Set("Content-Disposition", `attachment; filename="`+filename+`"`)
+		c.Writer.Header().Set("Content-Disposition", `attachment; filename="`+escapeQuotes(filename)+`"`)
 	} else {
 		c.Writer.Header().Set("Content-Disposition", `attachment; filename*=UTF-8''`+url.QueryEscape(filename))
 	}
@@ -1145,7 +1165,7 @@ func (c *Context) NegotiateFormat(offered ...string) string {
 			// According to RFC 2616 and RFC 2396, non-ASCII characters are not allowed in headers,
 			// therefore we can just iterate over the string without casting it into []rune
 			i := 0
-			for ; i < len(accepted); i++ {
+			for ; i < len(accepted) && i < len(offer); i++ {
 				if accepted[i] == '*' || offer[i] == '*' {
 					return offer
 				}
@@ -1170,9 +1190,16 @@ func (c *Context) SetAccepted(formats ...string) {
 /***** GOLANG.ORG/X/NET/CONTEXT *****/
 /************************************/
 
+// hasRequestContext returns whether c.Request has Context and fallback.
+func (c *Context) hasRequestContext() bool {
+	hasFallback := c.engine != nil && c.engine.ContextWithFallback
+	hasRequestContext := c.Request != nil && c.Request.Context() != nil
+	return hasFallback && hasRequestContext
+}
+
 // Deadline returns that there is no deadline (ok==false) when c.Request has no Context.
 func (c *Context) Deadline() (deadline time.Time, ok bool) {
-	if !c.engine.ContextWithFallback || c.Request == nil || c.Request.Context() == nil {
+	if !c.hasRequestContext() {
 		return
 	}
 	return c.Request.Context().Deadline()
@@ -1180,7 +1207,7 @@ func (c *Context) Deadline() (deadline time.Time, ok bool) {
 
 // Done returns nil (chan which will wait forever) when c.Request has no Context.
 func (c *Context) Done() <-chan struct{} {
-	if !c.engine.ContextWithFallback || c.Request == nil || c.Request.Context() == nil {
+	if !c.hasRequestContext() {
 		return nil
 	}
 	return c.Request.Context().Done()
@@ -1188,7 +1215,7 @@ func (c *Context) Done() <-chan struct{} {
 
 // Err returns nil when c.Request has no Context.
 func (c *Context) Err() error {
-	if !c.engine.ContextWithFallback || c.Request == nil || c.Request.Context() == nil {
+	if !c.hasRequestContext() {
 		return nil
 	}
 	return c.Request.Context().Err()
@@ -1209,7 +1236,7 @@ func (c *Context) Value(key any) any {
 			return val
 		}
 	}
-	if !c.engine.ContextWithFallback || c.Request == nil || c.Request.Context() == nil {
+	if !c.hasRequestContext() {
 		return nil
 	}
 	return c.Request.Context().Value(key)
diff --git a/context_appengine.go b/context_appengine.go
index 931313f..96b339c 100644
--- a/context_appengine.go
+++ b/context_appengine.go
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
 //go:build appengine
-// +build appengine
 
 package gin
 
diff --git a/debug.go b/debug.go
index cbcedbc..1761fe3 100644
--- a/debug.go
+++ b/debug.go
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 )
 
-const ginSupportMinGoVer = 16
+const ginSupportMinGoVer = 18
 
 // IsDebugging returns true if the framework is running in debug mode.
 // Use SetMode(gin.ReleaseMode) to disable debug mode.
@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ func IsDebugging() bool {
 // DebugPrintRouteFunc indicates debug log output format.
 var DebugPrintRouteFunc func(httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName string, nuHandlers int)
 
+// DebugPrintFunc indicates debug log output format.
+var DebugPrintFunc func(format string, values ...interface{})
+
 func debugPrintRoute(httpMethod, absolutePath string, handlers HandlersChain) {
 	if IsDebugging() {
 		nuHandlers := len(handlers)
@@ -48,12 +51,19 @@ func debugPrintLoadTemplate(tmpl *template.Template) {
 }
 
 func debugPrint(format string, values ...any) {
-	if IsDebugging() {
-		if !strings.HasSuffix(format, "\n") {
-			format += "\n"
-		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(DefaultWriter, "[GIN-debug] "+format, values...)
+	if !IsDebugging() {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if DebugPrintFunc != nil {
+		DebugPrintFunc(format, values...)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if !strings.HasSuffix(format, "\n") {
+		format += "\n"
 	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(DefaultWriter, "[GIN-debug] "+format, values...)
 }
 
 func getMinVer(v string) (uint64, error) {
@@ -67,7 +77,7 @@ func getMinVer(v string) (uint64, error) {
 
 func debugPrintWARNINGDefault() {
 	if v, e := getMinVer(runtime.Version()); e == nil && v < ginSupportMinGoVer {
-		debugPrint(`[WARNING] Now Gin requires Go 1.16+.
+		debugPrint(`[WARNING] Now Gin requires Go 1.18+.
 
 `)
 	}
diff --git a/deprecated.go b/deprecated.go
index fdad855..9521308 100644
--- a/deprecated.go
+++ b/deprecated.go
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import (
 // BindWith binds the passed struct pointer using the specified binding engine.
 // See the binding package.
 func (c *Context) BindWith(obj any, b binding.Binding) error {
-	log.Println(`BindWith(\"interface{}, binding.Binding\") error is going to
+	log.Println(`BindWith(\"any, binding.Binding\") error is going to
 	be deprecated, please check issue #662 and either use MustBindWith() if you
 	want HTTP 400 to be automatically returned if any error occur, or use
 	ShouldBindWith() if you need to manage the error.`)
diff --git a/docs/doc.md b/docs/doc.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df006e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/doc.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2287 @@
+# Gin Quick Start
+
+## Contents
+
+- [Build Tags](#build-tags)
+  - [Build with json replacement](#build-with-json-replacement)
+  - [Build without `MsgPack` rendering feature](#build-without-msgpack-rendering-feature)
+- [API Examples](#api-examples)
+  - [Using GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE and OPTIONS](#using-get-post-put-patch-delete-and-options)
+  - [Parameters in path](#parameters-in-path)
+  - [Querystring parameters](#querystring-parameters)
+  - [Multipart/Urlencoded Form](#multiparturlencoded-form)
+  - [Another example: query + post form](#another-example-query--post-form)
+  - [Map as querystring or postform parameters](#map-as-querystring-or-postform-parameters)
+  - [Upload files](#upload-files)
+    - [Single file](#single-file)
+    - [Multiple files](#multiple-files)
+  - [Grouping routes](#grouping-routes)
+  - [Blank Gin without middleware by default](#blank-gin-without-middleware-by-default)
+  - [Using middleware](#using-middleware)
+  - [Custom Recovery behavior](#custom-recovery-behavior)
+  - [How to write log file](#how-to-write-log-file)
+  - [Custom Log Format](#custom-log-format)
+  - [Controlling Log output coloring](#controlling-log-output-coloring)
+  - [Model binding and validation](#model-binding-and-validation)
+  - [Custom Validators](#custom-validators)
+  - [Only Bind Query String](#only-bind-query-string)
+  - [Bind Query String or Post Data](#bind-query-string-or-post-data)
+  - [Bind Uri](#bind-uri)
+  - [Bind Header](#bind-header)
+  - [Bind HTML checkboxes](#bind-html-checkboxes)
+  - [Multipart/Urlencoded binding](#multiparturlencoded-binding)
+  - [XML, JSON, YAML, TOML and ProtoBuf rendering](#xml-json-yaml-toml-and-protobuf-rendering)
+    - [SecureJSON](#securejson)
+    - [JSONP](#jsonp)
+    - [AsciiJSON](#asciijson)
+    - [PureJSON](#purejson)
+  - [Serving static files](#serving-static-files)
+  - [Serving data from file](#serving-data-from-file)
+  - [Serving data from reader](#serving-data-from-reader)
+  - [HTML rendering](#html-rendering)
+    - [Custom Template renderer](#custom-template-renderer)
+    - [Custom Delimiters](#custom-delimiters)
+    - [Custom Template Funcs](#custom-template-funcs)
+  - [Multitemplate](#multitemplate)
+  - [Redirects](#redirects)
+  - [Custom Middleware](#custom-middleware)
+  - [Using BasicAuth() middleware](#using-basicauth-middleware)
+  - [Goroutines inside a middleware](#goroutines-inside-a-middleware)
+  - [Custom HTTP configuration](#custom-http-configuration)
+  - [Support Let's Encrypt](#support-lets-encrypt)
+  - [Run multiple service using Gin](#run-multiple-service-using-gin)
+  - [Graceful shutdown or restart](#graceful-shutdown-or-restart)
+    - [Third-party packages](#third-party-packages)
+    - [Manually](#manually)
+  - [Build a single binary with templates](#build-a-single-binary-with-templates)
+  - [Bind form-data request with custom struct](#bind-form-data-request-with-custom-struct)
+  - [Try to bind body into different structs](#try-to-bind-body-into-different-structs)
+  - [Bind form-data request with custom struct and custom tag](#bind-form-data-request-with-custom-struct-and-custom-tag)
+  - [http2 server push](#http2-server-push)
+  - [Define format for the log of routes](#define-format-for-the-log-of-routes)
+  - [Set and get a cookie](#set-and-get-a-cookie)
+- [Don't trust all proxies](#dont-trust-all-proxies)
+- [Testing](#testing)
+
+## Build tags
+
+### Build with json replacement
+
+Gin uses `encoding/json` as default json package but you can change it by build from other tags.
+
+[jsoniter](https://github.com/json-iterator/go)
+
+```sh
+go build -tags=jsoniter .
+```
+
+[go-json](https://github.com/goccy/go-json)
+
+```sh
+go build -tags=go_json .
+```
+
+[sonic](https://github.com/bytedance/sonic) (you have to ensure that your cpu support avx instruction.)
+
+```sh
+$ go build -tags="sonic avx" .
+```
+
+### Build without `MsgPack` rendering feature
+
+Gin enables `MsgPack` rendering feature by default. But you can disable this feature by specifying `nomsgpack` build tag.
+
+```sh
+go build -tags=nomsgpack .
+```
+
+This is useful to reduce the binary size of executable files. See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/1852).
+
+## API Examples
+
+You can find a number of ready-to-run examples at [Gin examples repository](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples).
+
+### Using GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE and OPTIONS
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  // Creates a gin router with default middleware:
+  // logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
+  router := gin.Default()
+
+  router.GET("/someGet", getting)
+  router.POST("/somePost", posting)
+  router.PUT("/somePut", putting)
+  router.DELETE("/someDelete", deleting)
+  router.PATCH("/somePatch", patching)
+  router.HEAD("/someHead", head)
+  router.OPTIONS("/someOptions", options)
+
+  // By default it serves on :8080 unless a
+  // PORT environment variable was defined.
+  router.Run()
+  // router.Run(":3000") for a hard coded port
+}
+```
+
+### Parameters in path
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+
+  // This handler will match /user/john but will not match /user/ or /user
+  router.GET("/user/:name", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    name := c.Param("name")
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s", name)
+  })
+
+  // However, this one will match /user/john/ and also /user/john/send
+  // If no other routers match /user/john, it will redirect to /user/john/
+  router.GET("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    name := c.Param("name")
+    action := c.Param("action")
+    message := name + " is " + action
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, message)
+  })
+
+  // For each matched request Context will hold the route definition
+  router.POST("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    b := c.FullPath() == "/user/:name/*action" // true
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, "%t", b)
+  })
+
+  // This handler will add a new router for /user/groups.
+  // Exact routes are resolved before param routes, regardless of the order they were defined.
+  // Routes starting with /user/groups are never interpreted as /user/:name/... routes
+  router.GET("/user/groups", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, "The available groups are [...]")
+  })
+
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Querystring parameters
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+
+  // Query string parameters are parsed using the existing underlying request object.
+  // The request responds to an url matching:  /welcome?firstname=Jane&lastname=Doe
+  router.GET("/welcome", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    firstname := c.DefaultQuery("firstname", "Guest")
+    lastname := c.Query("lastname") // shortcut for c.Request.URL.Query().Get("lastname")
+
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s %s", firstname, lastname)
+  })
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Multipart/Urlencoded Form
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+
+  router.POST("/form_post", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    message := c.PostForm("message")
+    nick := c.DefaultPostForm("nick", "anonymous")
+
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
+      "status":  "posted",
+      "message": message,
+      "nick":    nick,
+    })
+  })
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Another example: query + post form
+
+```sh
+POST /post?id=1234&page=1 HTTP/1.1
+Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
+
+name=manu&message=this_is_great
+```
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+
+  router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) {
+
+    id := c.Query("id")
+    page := c.DefaultQuery("page", "0")
+    name := c.PostForm("name")
+    message := c.PostForm("message")
+
+    fmt.Printf("id: %s; page: %s; name: %s; message: %s", id, page, name, message)
+  })
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+```sh
+id: 1234; page: 1; name: manu; message: this_is_great
+```
+
+### Map as querystring or postform parameters
+
+```sh
+POST /post?ids[a]=1234&ids[b]=hello HTTP/1.1
+Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
+
+names[first]=thinkerou&names[second]=tianou
+```
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+
+  router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) {
+
+    ids := c.QueryMap("ids")
+    names := c.PostFormMap("names")
+
+    fmt.Printf("ids: %v; names: %v", ids, names)
+  })
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+```sh
+ids: map[b:hello a:1234]; names: map[second:tianou first:thinkerou]
+```
+
+### Upload files
+
+#### Single file
+
+References issue [#774](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/774) and detail [example code](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/upload-file/single).
+
+`file.Filename` **SHOULD NOT** be trusted. See [`Content-Disposition` on MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Disposition#Directives) and [#1693](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/1693)
+
+> The filename is always optional and must not be used blindly by the application: path information should be stripped, and conversion to the server file system rules should be done.
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+  // Set a lower memory limit for multipart forms (default is 32 MiB)
+  router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20  // 8 MiB
+  router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    // Single file
+    file, _ := c.FormFile("file")
+    log.Println(file.Filename)
+
+    // Upload the file to specific dst.
+    c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)
+
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("'%s' uploaded!", file.Filename))
+  })
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+How to `curl`:
+
+```bash
+curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \
+  -F "file=@/Users/appleboy/test.zip" \
+  -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data"
+```
+
+#### Multiple files
+
+See the detail [example code](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/upload-file/multiple).
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+  // Set a lower memory limit for multipart forms (default is 32 MiB)
+  router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20  // 8 MiB
+  router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    // Multipart form
+    form, _ := c.MultipartForm()
+    files := form.File["upload[]"]
+
+    for _, file := range files {
+      log.Println(file.Filename)
+
+      // Upload the file to specific dst.
+      c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)
+    }
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("%d files uploaded!", len(files)))
+  })
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+How to `curl`:
+
+```bash
+curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \
+  -F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test1.zip" \
+  -F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test2.zip" \
+  -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data"
+```
+
+### Grouping routes
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+
+  // Simple group: v1
+  v1 := router.Group("/v1")
+  {
+    v1.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
+    v1.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
+    v1.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
+  }
+
+  // Simple group: v2
+  v2 := router.Group("/v2")
+  {
+    v2.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
+    v2.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
+    v2.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
+  }
+
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Blank Gin without middleware by default
+
+Use
+
+```go
+r := gin.New()
+```
+
+instead of
+
+```go
+// Default With the Logger and Recovery middleware already attached
+r := gin.Default()
+```
+
+### Using middleware
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  // Creates a router without any middleware by default
+  r := gin.New()
+
+  // Global middleware
+  // Logger middleware will write the logs to gin.DefaultWriter even if you set with GIN_MODE=release.
+  // By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
+  r.Use(gin.Logger())
+
+  // Recovery middleware recovers from any panics and writes a 500 if there was one.
+  r.Use(gin.Recovery())
+
+  // Per route middleware, you can add as many as you desire.
+  r.GET("/benchmark", MyBenchLogger(), benchEndpoint)
+
+  // Authorization group
+  // authorized := r.Group("/", AuthRequired())
+  // exactly the same as:
+  authorized := r.Group("/")
+  // per group middleware! in this case we use the custom created
+  // AuthRequired() middleware just in the "authorized" group.
+  authorized.Use(AuthRequired())
+  {
+    authorized.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
+    authorized.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
+    authorized.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
+
+    // nested group
+    testing := authorized.Group("testing")
+    // visit 0.0.0.0:8080/testing/analytics
+    testing.GET("/analytics", analyticsEndpoint)
+  }
+
+  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+  r.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Custom Recovery behavior
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  // Creates a router without any middleware by default
+  r := gin.New()
+
+  // Global middleware
+  // Logger middleware will write the logs to gin.DefaultWriter even if you set with GIN_MODE=release.
+  // By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
+  r.Use(gin.Logger())
+
+  // Recovery middleware recovers from any panics and writes a 500 if there was one.
+  r.Use(gin.CustomRecovery(func(c *gin.Context, recovered any) {
+    if err, ok := recovered.(string); ok {
+      c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, fmt.Sprintf("error: %s", err))
+    }
+    c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+  }))
+
+  r.GET("/panic", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    // panic with a string -- the custom middleware could save this to a database or report it to the user
+    panic("foo")
+  })
+
+  r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, "ohai")
+  })
+
+  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+  r.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### How to write log file
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  // Disable Console Color, you don't need console color when writing the logs to file.
+  gin.DisableConsoleColor()
+
+  // Logging to a file.
+  f, _ := os.Create("gin.log")
+  gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f)
+
+  // Use the following code if you need to write the logs to file and console at the same time.
+  // gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f, os.Stdout)
+
+  router := gin.Default()
+  router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
+      c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
+  })
+
+   router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Custom Log Format
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.New()
+
+  // LoggerWithFormatter middleware will write the logs to gin.DefaultWriter
+  // By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
+  router.Use(gin.LoggerWithFormatter(func(param gin.LogFormatterParams) string {
+
+    // your custom format
+    return fmt.Sprintf("%s - [%s] \"%s %s %s %d %s \"%s\" %s\"\n",
+        param.ClientIP,
+        param.TimeStamp.Format(time.RFC1123),
+        param.Method,
+        param.Path,
+        param.Request.Proto,
+        param.StatusCode,
+        param.Latency,
+        param.Request.UserAgent(),
+        param.ErrorMessage,
+    )
+  }))
+  router.Use(gin.Recovery())
+
+  router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
+  })
+
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+Sample Output
+
+```sh
+::1 - [Fri, 07 Dec 2018 17:04:38 JST] "GET /ping HTTP/1.1 200 122.767µs "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/71.0.3578.80 Safari/537.36" "
+```
+
+### Skip logging
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.New()
+  
+  // skip logging for desired paths by setting SkipPaths in LoggerConfig
+  loggerConfig := gin.LoggerConfig{SkipPaths: []string{"/metrics"}}
+  
+  // skip logging based on your logic by setting Skip func in LoggerConfig
+  loggerConfig.Skip = func(c *gin.Context) bool {
+      // as an example skip non server side errors
+      return c.Writer.Status() < http.StatusInternalServerError
+  }
+  
+  engine.Use(gin.LoggerWithConfig(loggerConfig))
+  router.Use(gin.Recovery())
+  
+  // skipped
+  router.GET("/metrics", func(c *gin.Context) {
+      c.Status(http.StatusNotImplemented)
+  })
+
+  // skipped
+  router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
+      c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
+  })
+
+  // not skipped
+  router.GET("/data", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.Status(http.StatusNotImplemented)
+  })
+  
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+
+```
+
+### Controlling Log output coloring
+
+By default, logs output on console should be colorized depending on the detected TTY.
+
+Never colorize logs:
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  // Disable log's color
+  gin.DisableConsoleColor()
+
+  // Creates a gin router with default middleware:
+  // logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
+  router := gin.Default()
+
+  router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
+      c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
+  })
+
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+Always colorize logs:
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  // Force log's color
+  gin.ForceConsoleColor()
+
+  // Creates a gin router with default middleware:
+  // logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
+  router := gin.Default()
+
+  router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
+      c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
+  })
+
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Model binding and validation
+
+To bind a request body into a type, use model binding. We currently support binding of JSON, XML, YAML, TOML and standard form values (foo=bar&boo=baz).
+
+Gin uses [**go-playground/validator/v10**](https://github.com/go-playground/validator) for validation. Check the full docs on tags usage [here](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/go-playground/validator#hdr-Baked_In_Validators_and_Tags).
+
+Note that you need to set the corresponding binding tag on all fields you want to bind. For example, when binding from JSON, set `json:"fieldname"`.
+
+Also, Gin provides two sets of methods for binding:
+
+- **Type** - Must bind
+  - **Methods** - `Bind`, `BindJSON`, `BindXML`, `BindQuery`, `BindYAML`, `BindHeader`, `BindTOML`
+  - **Behavior** - These methods use `MustBindWith` under the hood. If there is a binding error, the request is aborted with `c.AbortWithError(400, err).SetType(ErrorTypeBind)`. This sets the response status code to 400 and the `Content-Type` header is set to `text/plain; charset=utf-8`. Note that if you try to set the response code after this, it will result in a warning `[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Headers were already written. Wanted to override status code 400 with 422`. If you wish to have greater control over the behavior, consider using the `ShouldBind` equivalent method.
+- **Type** - Should bind
+  - **Methods** - `ShouldBind`, `ShouldBindJSON`, `ShouldBindXML`, `ShouldBindQuery`, `ShouldBindYAML`, `ShouldBindHeader`, `ShouldBindTOML`,
+  - **Behavior** - These methods use `ShouldBindWith` under the hood. If there is a binding error, the error is returned and it is the developer's responsibility to handle the request and error appropriately.
+
+When using the Bind-method, Gin tries to infer the binder depending on the Content-Type header. If you are sure what you are binding, you can use `MustBindWith` or `ShouldBindWith`.
+
+You can also specify that specific fields are required. If a field is decorated with `binding:"required"` and has an empty value when binding, an error will be returned.
+
+```go
+// Binding from JSON
+type Login struct {
+  User     string `form:"user" json:"user" xml:"user"  binding:"required"`
+  Password string `form:"password" json:"password" xml:"password" binding:"required"`
+}
+
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+
+  // Example for binding JSON ({"user": "manu", "password": "123"})
+  router.POST("/loginJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    var json Login
+    if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&json); err != nil {
+      c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+      return
+    }
+
+    if json.User != "manu" || json.Password != "123" {
+      c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
+      return
+    }
+
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
+  })
+
+  // Example for binding XML (
+  //  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+  //  <root>
+  //    <user>manu</user>
+  //    <password>123</password>
+  //  </root>)
+  router.POST("/loginXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    var xml Login
+    if err := c.ShouldBindXML(&xml); err != nil {
+      c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+      return
+    }
+
+    if xml.User != "manu" || xml.Password != "123" {
+      c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
+      return
+    }
+
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
+  })
+
+  // Example for binding a HTML form (user=manu&password=123)
+  router.POST("/loginForm", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    var form Login
+    // This will infer what binder to use depending on the content-type header.
+    if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err != nil {
+      c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+      return
+    }
+
+    if form.User != "manu" || form.Password != "123" {
+      c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
+      return
+    }
+
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
+  })
+
+  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+Sample request
+
+```sh
+$ curl -v -X POST \
+  http://localhost:8080/loginJSON \
+  -H 'content-type: application/json' \
+  -d '{ "user": "manu" }'
+> POST /loginJSON HTTP/1.1
+> Host: localhost:8080
+> User-Agent: curl/7.51.0
+> Accept: */*
+> content-type: application/json
+> Content-Length: 18
+>
+* upload completely sent off: 18 out of 18 bytes
+< HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
+< Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
+< Date: Fri, 04 Aug 2017 03:51:31 GMT
+< Content-Length: 100
+<
+{"error":"Key: 'Login.Password' Error:Field validation for 'Password' failed on the 'required' tag"}
+```
+
+Skip validate: when running the above example using the above the `curl` command, it returns error. Because the example use `binding:"required"` for `Password`. If use `binding:"-"` for `Password`, then it will not return error when running the above example again.
+
+### Custom Validators
+
+It is also possible to register custom validators. See the [example code](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/custom-validation/server.go).
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "net/http"
+  "time"
+
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
+  "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"
+)
+
+// Booking contains binded and validated data.
+type Booking struct {
+  CheckIn  time.Time `form:"check_in" binding:"required,bookabledate" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
+  CheckOut time.Time `form:"check_out" binding:"required,gtfield=CheckIn" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
+}
+
+var bookableDate validator.Func = func(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
+  date, ok := fl.Field().Interface().(time.Time)
+  if ok {
+    today := time.Now()
+    if today.After(date) {
+      return false
+    }
+  }
+  return true
+}
+
+func main() {
+  route := gin.Default()
+
+  if v, ok := binding.Validator.Engine().(*validator.Validate); ok {
+    v.RegisterValidation("bookabledate", bookableDate)
+  }
+
+  route.GET("/bookable", getBookable)
+  route.Run(":8085")
+}
+
+func getBookable(c *gin.Context) {
+  var b Booking
+  if err := c.ShouldBindWith(&b, binding.Query); err == nil {
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "Booking dates are valid!"})
+  } else {
+    c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+  }
+}
+```
+
+```console
+$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2030-04-16&check_out=2030-04-17"
+{"message":"Booking dates are valid!"}
+
+$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2030-03-10&check_out=2030-03-09"
+{"error":"Key: 'Booking.CheckOut' Error:Field validation for 'CheckOut' failed on the 'gtfield' tag"}
+
+$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2000-03-09&check_out=2000-03-10"
+{"error":"Key: 'Booking.CheckIn' Error:Field validation for 'CheckIn' failed on the 'bookabledate' tag"}%
+```
+
+[Struct level validations](https://github.com/go-playground/validator/releases/tag/v8.7) can also be registered this way.
+See the [struct-lvl-validation example](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/struct-lvl-validations) to learn more.
+
+### Only Bind Query String
+
+`ShouldBindQuery` function only binds the query params and not the post data. See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/742#issuecomment-315953017).
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "log"
+  "net/http"
+
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+type Person struct {
+  Name    string `form:"name"`
+  Address string `form:"address"`
+}
+
+func main() {
+  route := gin.Default()
+  route.Any("/testing", startPage)
+  route.Run(":8085")
+}
+
+func startPage(c *gin.Context) {
+  var person Person
+  if c.ShouldBindQuery(&person) == nil {
+    log.Println("====== Only Bind By Query String ======")
+    log.Println(person.Name)
+    log.Println(person.Address)
+  }
+  c.String(http.StatusOK, "Success")
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bind Query String or Post Data
+
+See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/742#issuecomment-264681292).
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "log"
+  "net/http"
+  "time"
+
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+type Person struct {
+  Name       string    `form:"name"`
+  Address    string    `form:"address"`
+  Birthday   time.Time `form:"birthday" time_format:"2006-01-02" time_utc:"1"`
+  CreateTime time.Time `form:"createTime" time_format:"unixNano"`
+  UnixTime   time.Time `form:"unixTime" time_format:"unix"`
+}
+
+func main() {
+  route := gin.Default()
+  route.GET("/testing", startPage)
+  route.Run(":8085")
+}
+
+func startPage(c *gin.Context) {
+  var person Person
+  // If `GET`, only `Form` binding engine (`query`) used.
+  // If `POST`, first checks the `content-type` for `JSON` or `XML`, then uses `Form` (`form-data`).
+  // See more at https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/blob/master/binding/binding.go#L88
+  if c.ShouldBind(&person) == nil {
+    log.Println(person.Name)
+    log.Println(person.Address)
+    log.Println(person.Birthday)
+    log.Println(person.CreateTime)
+    log.Println(person.UnixTime)
+  }
+
+  c.String(http.StatusOK, "Success")
+}
+```
+
+Test it with:
+
+```sh
+curl -X GET "localhost:8085/testing?name=appleboy&address=xyz&birthday=1992-03-15&createTime=1562400033000000123&unixTime=1562400033"
+```
+
+### Bind Uri
+
+See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/846).
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "net/http"
+
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+type Person struct {
+  ID string `uri:"id" binding:"required,uuid"`
+  Name string `uri:"name" binding:"required"`
+}
+
+func main() {
+  route := gin.Default()
+  route.GET("/:name/:id", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    var person Person
+    if err := c.ShouldBindUri(&person); err != nil {
+      c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"msg": err.Error()})
+      return
+    }
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"name": person.Name, "uuid": person.ID})
+  })
+  route.Run(":8088")
+}
+```
+
+Test it with:
+
+```sh
+curl -v localhost:8088/thinkerou/987fbc97-4bed-5078-9f07-9141ba07c9f3
+curl -v localhost:8088/thinkerou/not-uuid
+```
+
+### Bind Header
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "fmt"
+  "net/http"
+
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+type testHeader struct {
+  Rate   int    `header:"Rate"`
+  Domain string `header:"Domain"`
+}
+
+func main() {
+  r := gin.Default()
+  r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    h := testHeader{}
+
+    if err := c.ShouldBindHeader(&h); err != nil {
+      c.JSON(http.StatusOK, err)
+    }
+
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", h)
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"Rate": h.Rate, "Domain": h.Domain})
+  })
+
+  r.Run()
+
+// client
+// curl -H "rate:300" -H "domain:music" 127.0.0.1:8080/
+// output
+// {"Domain":"music","Rate":300}
+}
+```
+
+### Bind HTML checkboxes
+
+See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/129#issuecomment-124260092)
+
+main.go
+
+```go
+...
+
+type myForm struct {
+    Colors []string `form:"colors[]"`
+}
+
+...
+
+func formHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+    var fakeForm myForm
+    c.ShouldBind(&fakeForm)
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"color": fakeForm.Colors})
+}
+
+...
+
+```
+
+form.html
+
+```html
+<form action="/" method="POST">
+    <p>Check some colors</p>
+    <label for="red">Red</label>
+    <input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="red" id="red">
+    <label for="green">Green</label>
+    <input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="green" id="green">
+    <label for="blue">Blue</label>
+    <input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="blue" id="blue">
+    <input type="submit">
+</form>
+```
+
+result:
+
+```json
+{"color":["red","green","blue"]}
+```
+
+### Multipart/Urlencoded binding
+
+```go
+type ProfileForm struct {
+  Name   string                `form:"name" binding:"required"`
+  Avatar *multipart.FileHeader `form:"avatar" binding:"required"`
+
+  // or for multiple files
+  // Avatars []*multipart.FileHeader `form:"avatar" binding:"required"`
+}
+
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+  router.POST("/profile", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    // you can bind multipart form with explicit binding declaration:
+    // c.ShouldBindWith(&form, binding.Form)
+    // or you can simply use autobinding with ShouldBind method:
+    var form ProfileForm
+    // in this case proper binding will be automatically selected
+    if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err != nil {
+      c.String(http.StatusBadRequest, "bad request")
+      return
+    }
+
+    err := c.SaveUploadedFile(form.Avatar, form.Avatar.Filename)
+    if err != nil {
+      c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "unknown error")
+      return
+    }
+
+    // db.Save(&form)
+
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, "ok")
+  })
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+Test it with:
+
+```sh
+curl -X POST -v --form name=user --form "avatar=@./avatar.png" http://localhost:8080/profile
+```
+
+### XML, JSON, YAML, TOML and ProtoBuf rendering
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  r := gin.Default()
+
+  // gin.H is a shortcut for map[string]any
+  r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
+  })
+
+  r.GET("/moreJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    // You also can use a struct
+    var msg struct {
+      Name    string `json:"user"`
+      Message string
+      Number  int
+    }
+    msg.Name = "Lena"
+    msg.Message = "hey"
+    msg.Number = 123
+    // Note that msg.Name becomes "user" in the JSON
+    // Will output  :   {"user": "Lena", "Message": "hey", "Number": 123}
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, msg)
+  })
+
+  r.GET("/someXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.XML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
+  })
+
+  r.GET("/someYAML", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.YAML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
+  })
+
+  r.GET("/someTOML", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.TOML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
+  })
+
+  r.GET("/someProtoBuf", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    reps := []int64{int64(1), int64(2)}
+    label := "test"
+    // The specific definition of protobuf is written in the testdata/protoexample file.
+    data := &protoexample.Test{
+      Label: &label,
+      Reps:  reps,
+    }
+    // Note that data becomes binary data in the response
+    // Will output protoexample.Test protobuf serialized data
+    c.ProtoBuf(http.StatusOK, data)
+  })
+
+  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+  r.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+#### SecureJSON
+
+Using SecureJSON to prevent json hijacking. Default prepends `"while(1),"` to response body if the given struct is array values.
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  r := gin.Default()
+
+  // You can also use your own secure json prefix
+  // r.SecureJsonPrefix(")]}',\n")
+
+  r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    names := []string{"lena", "austin", "foo"}
+
+    // Will output  :   while(1);["lena","austin","foo"]
+    c.SecureJSON(http.StatusOK, names)
+  })
+
+  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+  r.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+#### JSONP
+
+Using JSONP to request data from a server  in a different domain. Add callback to response body if the query parameter callback exists.
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  r := gin.Default()
+
+  r.GET("/JSONP", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    data := gin.H{
+      "foo": "bar",
+    }
+
+    //callback is x
+    // Will output  :   x({\"foo\":\"bar\"})
+    c.JSONP(http.StatusOK, data)
+  })
+
+  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+  r.Run(":8080")
+
+        // client
+        // curl http://127.0.0.1:8080/JSONP?callback=x
+}
+```
+
+#### AsciiJSON
+
+Using AsciiJSON to Generates ASCII-only JSON with escaped non-ASCII characters.
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  r := gin.Default()
+
+  r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    data := gin.H{
+      "lang": "GO语言",
+      "tag":  "<br>",
+    }
+
+    // will output : {"lang":"GO\u8bed\u8a00","tag":"\u003cbr\u003e"}
+    c.AsciiJSON(http.StatusOK, data)
+  })
+
+  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+  r.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+#### PureJSON
+
+Normally, JSON replaces special HTML characters with their unicode entities, e.g. `<` becomes  `\u003c`. If you want to encode such characters literally, you can use PureJSON instead.
+This feature is unavailable in Go 1.6 and lower.
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  r := gin.Default()
+
+  // Serves unicode entities
+  r.GET("/json", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
+      "html": "<b>Hello, world!</b>",
+    })
+  })
+
+  // Serves literal characters
+  r.GET("/purejson", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.PureJSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
+      "html": "<b>Hello, world!</b>",
+    })
+  })
+
+  // listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+  r.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Serving static files
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+  router.Static("/assets", "./assets")
+  router.StaticFS("/more_static", http.Dir("my_file_system"))
+  router.StaticFile("/favicon.ico", "./resources/favicon.ico")
+  router.StaticFileFS("/more_favicon.ico", "more_favicon.ico", http.Dir("my_file_system"))
+  
+  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Serving data from file
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+
+  router.GET("/local/file", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.File("local/file.go")
+  })
+
+  var fs http.FileSystem = // ...
+  router.GET("/fs/file", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.FileFromFS("fs/file.go", fs)
+  })
+}
+
+```
+
+### Serving data from reader
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+  router.GET("/someDataFromReader", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    response, err := http.Get("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gin-gonic/logo/master/color.png")
+    if err != nil || response.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+      c.Status(http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
+      return
+    }
+
+    reader := response.Body
+     defer reader.Close()
+    contentLength := response.ContentLength
+    contentType := response.Header.Get("Content-Type")
+
+    extraHeaders := map[string]string{
+      "Content-Disposition": `attachment; filename="gopher.png"`,
+    }
+
+    c.DataFromReader(http.StatusOK, contentLength, contentType, reader, extraHeaders)
+  })
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### HTML rendering
+
+Using LoadHTMLGlob() or LoadHTMLFiles()
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+  router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/*")
+  //router.LoadHTMLFiles("templates/template1.html", "templates/template2.html")
+  router.GET("/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.tmpl", gin.H{
+      "title": "Main website",
+    })
+  })
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+templates/index.tmpl
+
+```html
+<html>
+  <h1>
+    {{ .title }}
+  </h1>
+</html>
+```
+
+Using templates with same name in different directories
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+  router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/**/*")
+  router.GET("/posts/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "posts/index.tmpl", gin.H{
+      "title": "Posts",
+    })
+  })
+  router.GET("/users/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "users/index.tmpl", gin.H{
+      "title": "Users",
+    })
+  })
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+templates/posts/index.tmpl
+
+```html
+{{ define "posts/index.tmpl" }}
+<html><h1>
+  {{ .title }}
+</h1>
+<p>Using posts/index.tmpl</p>
+</html>
+{{ end }}
+```
+
+templates/users/index.tmpl
+
+```html
+{{ define "users/index.tmpl" }}
+<html><h1>
+  {{ .title }}
+</h1>
+<p>Using users/index.tmpl</p>
+</html>
+{{ end }}
+```
+
+#### Custom Template renderer
+
+You can also use your own html template render
+
+```go
+import "html/template"
+
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+  html := template.Must(template.ParseFiles("file1", "file2"))
+  router.SetHTMLTemplate(html)
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+#### Custom Delimiters
+
+You may use custom delims
+
+```go
+  r := gin.Default()
+  r.Delims("{[{", "}]}")
+  r.LoadHTMLGlob("/path/to/templates")
+```
+
+#### Custom Template Funcs
+
+See the detail [example code](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/template).
+
+main.go
+
+```go
+import (
+  "fmt"
+  "html/template"
+  "net/http"
+  "time"
+
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func formatAsDate(t time.Time) string {
+  year, month, day := t.Date()
+  return fmt.Sprintf("%d/%02d/%02d", year, month, day)
+}
+
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+  router.Delims("{[{", "}]}")
+  router.SetFuncMap(template.FuncMap{
+      "formatAsDate": formatAsDate,
+  })
+  router.LoadHTMLFiles("./testdata/template/raw.tmpl")
+
+  router.GET("/raw", func(c *gin.Context) {
+      c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "raw.tmpl", gin.H{
+          "now": time.Date(2017, 07, 01, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+      })
+  })
+
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+
+```
+
+raw.tmpl
+
+```html
+Date: {[{.now | formatAsDate}]}
+```
+
+Result:
+
+```sh
+Date: 2017/07/01
+```
+
+### Multitemplate
+
+Gin allow by default use only one html.Template. Check [a multitemplate render](https://github.com/gin-contrib/multitemplate) for using features like go 1.6 `block template`.
+
+### Redirects
+
+Issuing a HTTP redirect is easy. Both internal and external locations are supported.
+
+```go
+r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
+  c.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, "http://www.google.com/")
+})
+```
+
+Issuing a HTTP redirect from POST. Refer to issue: [#444](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/444)
+
+```go
+r.POST("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
+  c.Redirect(http.StatusFound, "/foo")
+})
+```
+
+Issuing a Router redirect, use `HandleContext` like below.
+
+``` go
+r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.Request.URL.Path = "/test2"
+    r.HandleContext(c)
+})
+r.GET("/test2", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"hello": "world"})
+})
+```
+
+### Custom Middleware
+
+```go
+func Logger() gin.HandlerFunc {
+  return func(c *gin.Context) {
+    t := time.Now()
+
+    // Set example variable
+    c.Set("example", "12345")
+
+    // before request
+
+    c.Next()
+
+    // after request
+    latency := time.Since(t)
+    log.Print(latency)
+
+    // access the status we are sending
+    status := c.Writer.Status()
+    log.Println(status)
+  }
+}
+
+func main() {
+  r := gin.New()
+  r.Use(Logger())
+
+  r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    example := c.MustGet("example").(string)
+
+    // it would print: "12345"
+    log.Println(example)
+  })
+
+  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+  r.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Using BasicAuth() middleware
+
+```go
+// simulate some private data
+var secrets = gin.H{
+  "foo":    gin.H{"email": "foo@bar.com", "phone": "123433"},
+  "austin": gin.H{"email": "austin@example.com", "phone": "666"},
+  "lena":   gin.H{"email": "lena@guapa.com", "phone": "523443"},
+}
+
+func main() {
+  r := gin.Default()
+
+  // Group using gin.BasicAuth() middleware
+  // gin.Accounts is a shortcut for map[string]string
+  authorized := r.Group("/admin", gin.BasicAuth(gin.Accounts{
+    "foo":    "bar",
+    "austin": "1234",
+    "lena":   "hello2",
+    "manu":   "4321",
+  }))
+
+  // /admin/secrets endpoint
+  // hit "localhost:8080/admin/secrets
+  authorized.GET("/secrets", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    // get user, it was set by the BasicAuth middleware
+    user := c.MustGet(gin.AuthUserKey).(string)
+    if secret, ok := secrets[user]; ok {
+      c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": secret})
+    } else {
+      c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": "NO SECRET :("})
+    }
+  })
+
+  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+  r.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Goroutines inside a middleware
+
+When starting new Goroutines inside a middleware or handler, you **SHOULD NOT** use the original context inside it, you have to use a read-only copy.
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  r := gin.Default()
+
+  r.GET("/long_async", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    // create copy to be used inside the goroutine
+    cCp := c.Copy()
+    go func() {
+      // simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
+      time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
+
+      // note that you are using the copied context "cCp", IMPORTANT
+      log.Println("Done! in path " + cCp.Request.URL.Path)
+    }()
+  })
+
+  r.GET("/long_sync", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    // simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
+    time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
+
+    // since we are NOT using a goroutine, we do not have to copy the context
+    log.Println("Done! in path " + c.Request.URL.Path)
+  })
+
+  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+  r.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Custom HTTP configuration
+
+Use `http.ListenAndServe()` directly, like this:
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+  http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router)
+}
+```
+
+or
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+
+  s := &http.Server{
+    Addr:           ":8080",
+    Handler:        router,
+    ReadTimeout:    10 * time.Second,
+    WriteTimeout:   10 * time.Second,
+    MaxHeaderBytes: 1 << 20,
+  }
+  s.ListenAndServe()
+}
+```
+
+### Support Let's Encrypt
+
+example for 1-line LetsEncrypt HTTPS servers.
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "log"
+  "net/http"
+
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/autotls"
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  r := gin.Default()
+
+  // Ping handler
+  r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
+  })
+
+  log.Fatal(autotls.Run(r, "example1.com", "example2.com"))
+}
+```
+
+example for custom autocert manager.
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "log"
+  "net/http"
+
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/autotls"
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+  "golang.org/x/crypto/acme/autocert"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  r := gin.Default()
+
+  // Ping handler
+  r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
+  })
+
+  m := autocert.Manager{
+    Prompt:     autocert.AcceptTOS,
+    HostPolicy: autocert.HostWhitelist("example1.com", "example2.com"),
+    Cache:      autocert.DirCache("/var/www/.cache"),
+  }
+
+  log.Fatal(autotls.RunWithManager(r, &m))
+}
+```
+
+### Run multiple service using Gin
+
+See the [question](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/346) and try the following example:
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "log"
+  "net/http"
+  "time"
+
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+  "golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
+)
+
+var (
+  g errgroup.Group
+)
+
+func router01() http.Handler {
+  e := gin.New()
+  e.Use(gin.Recovery())
+  e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.JSON(
+      http.StatusOK,
+      gin.H{
+        "code":  http.StatusOK,
+        "error": "Welcome server 01",
+      },
+    )
+  })
+
+  return e
+}
+
+func router02() http.Handler {
+  e := gin.New()
+  e.Use(gin.Recovery())
+  e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.JSON(
+      http.StatusOK,
+      gin.H{
+        "code":  http.StatusOK,
+        "error": "Welcome server 02",
+      },
+    )
+  })
+
+  return e
+}
+
+func main() {
+  server01 := &http.Server{
+    Addr:         ":8080",
+    Handler:      router01(),
+    ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
+    WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
+  }
+
+  server02 := &http.Server{
+    Addr:         ":8081",
+    Handler:      router02(),
+    ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
+    WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
+  }
+
+  g.Go(func() error {
+    err := server01.ListenAndServe()
+    if err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
+      log.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    return err
+  })
+
+  g.Go(func() error {
+    err := server02.ListenAndServe()
+    if err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
+      log.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    return err
+  })
+
+  if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
+    log.Fatal(err)
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Graceful shutdown or restart
+
+There are a few approaches you can use to perform a graceful shutdown or restart. You can make use of third-party packages specifically built for that, or you can manually do the same with the functions and methods from the built-in packages.
+
+#### Third-party packages
+
+We can use [fvbock/endless](https://github.com/fvbock/endless) to replace the default `ListenAndServe`. Refer to issue [#296](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/296) for more details.
+
+```go
+router := gin.Default()
+router.GET("/", handler)
+// [...]
+endless.ListenAndServe(":4242", router)
+```
+
+Alternatives:
+
+* [grace](https://github.com/facebookgo/grace): Graceful restart & zero downtime deploy for Go servers.
+* [graceful](https://github.com/tylerb/graceful): Graceful is a Go package enabling graceful shutdown of an http.Handler server.
+* [manners](https://github.com/braintree/manners): A polite Go HTTP server that shuts down gracefully.
+
+#### Manually
+
+In case you are using Go 1.8 or a later version, you may not need to use those libraries. Consider using `http.Server`'s built-in [Shutdown()](https://pkg.go.dev/net/http#Server.Shutdown) method for graceful shutdowns. The example below describes its usage, and we've got more examples using gin [here](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/graceful-shutdown).
+
+```go
+// +build go1.8
+
+package main
+
+import (
+  "context"
+  "log"
+  "net/http"
+  "os"
+  "os/signal"
+  "syscall"
+  "time"
+
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+  router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, "Welcome Gin Server")
+  })
+
+  srv := &http.Server{
+    Addr:    ":8080",
+    Handler: router,
+  }
+
+  // Initializing the server in a goroutine so that
+  // it won't block the graceful shutdown handling below
+  go func() {
+    if err := srv.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
+      log.Printf("listen: %s\n", err)
+    }
+  }()
+
+  // Wait for interrupt signal to gracefully shutdown the server with
+  // a timeout of 5 seconds.
+  quit := make(chan os.Signal)
+  // kill (no param) default send syscall.SIGTERM
+  // kill -2 is syscall.SIGINT
+  // kill -9 is syscall.SIGKILL but can't be caught, so don't need to add it
+  signal.Notify(quit, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
+  <-quit
+  log.Println("Shutting down server...")
+
+  // The context is used to inform the server it has 5 seconds to finish
+  // the request it is currently handling
+  ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+  defer cancel()
+
+  if err := srv.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
+    log.Fatal("Server forced to shutdown:", err)
+  }
+
+  log.Println("Server exiting")
+}
+```
+
+### Build a single binary with templates
+
+You can build a server into a single binary containing templates by using the [embed](https://pkg.go.dev/embed) package.
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "embed"
+  "html/template"
+  "net/http"
+
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+//go:embed assets/* templates/*
+var f embed.FS
+
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+  templ := template.Must(template.New("").ParseFS(f, "templates/*.tmpl", "templates/foo/*.tmpl"))
+  router.SetHTMLTemplate(templ)
+
+  // example: /public/assets/images/example.png
+  router.StaticFS("/public", http.FS(f))
+
+  router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.tmpl", gin.H{
+      "title": "Main website",
+    })
+  })
+
+  router.GET("/foo", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "bar.tmpl", gin.H{
+      "title": "Foo website",
+    })
+  })
+
+  router.GET("favicon.ico", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    file, _ := f.ReadFile("assets/favicon.ico")
+    c.Data(
+      http.StatusOK,
+      "image/x-icon",
+      file,
+    )
+  })
+
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+See a complete example in the `https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/assets-in-binary/example02` directory.
+
+### Bind form-data request with custom struct
+
+The follow example using custom struct:
+
+```go
+type StructA struct {
+    FieldA string `form:"field_a"`
+}
+
+type StructB struct {
+    NestedStruct StructA
+    FieldB string `form:"field_b"`
+}
+
+type StructC struct {
+    NestedStructPointer *StructA
+    FieldC string `form:"field_c"`
+}
+
+type StructD struct {
+    NestedAnonyStruct struct {
+        FieldX string `form:"field_x"`
+    }
+    FieldD string `form:"field_d"`
+}
+
+func GetDataB(c *gin.Context) {
+    var b StructB
+    c.Bind(&b)
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
+        "a": b.NestedStruct,
+        "b": b.FieldB,
+    })
+}
+
+func GetDataC(c *gin.Context) {
+    var b StructC
+    c.Bind(&b)
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
+        "a": b.NestedStructPointer,
+        "c": b.FieldC,
+    })
+}
+
+func GetDataD(c *gin.Context) {
+    var b StructD
+    c.Bind(&b)
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
+        "x": b.NestedAnonyStruct,
+        "d": b.FieldD,
+    })
+}
+
+func main() {
+    r := gin.Default()
+    r.GET("/getb", GetDataB)
+    r.GET("/getc", GetDataC)
+    r.GET("/getd", GetDataD)
+
+    r.Run()
+}
+```
+
+Using the command `curl` command result:
+
+```sh
+$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getb?field_a=hello&field_b=world"
+{"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"b":"world"}
+$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getc?field_a=hello&field_c=world"
+{"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"c":"world"}
+$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getd?field_x=hello&field_d=world"
+{"d":"world","x":{"FieldX":"hello"}}
+```
+
+### Try to bind body into different structs
+
+The normal methods for binding request body consumes `c.Request.Body` and they
+cannot be called multiple times.
+
+```go
+type formA struct {
+  Foo string `json:"foo" xml:"foo" binding:"required"`
+}
+
+type formB struct {
+  Bar string `json:"bar" xml:"bar" binding:"required"`
+}
+
+func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+  objA := formA{}
+  objB := formB{}
+  // This c.ShouldBind consumes c.Request.Body and it cannot be reused.
+  if errA := c.ShouldBind(&objA); errA == nil {
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`)
+  // Always an error is occurred by this because c.Request.Body is EOF now.
+  } else if errB := c.ShouldBind(&objB); errB == nil {
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB`)
+  } else {
+    ...
+  }
+}
+```
+
+For this, you can use `c.ShouldBindBodyWith`.
+
+```go
+func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+  objA := formA{}
+  objB := formB{}
+  // This reads c.Request.Body and stores the result into the context.
+  if errA := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objA, binding.Form); errA == nil {
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`)
+  // At this time, it reuses body stored in the context.
+  } else if errB := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.JSON); errB == nil {
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB JSON`)
+  // And it can accepts other formats
+  } else if errB2 := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.XML); errB2 == nil {
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB XML`)
+  } else {
+    ...
+  }
+}
+```
+
+1. `c.ShouldBindBodyWith` stores body into the context before binding. This has
+a slight impact to performance, so you should not use this method if you are
+enough to call binding at once.
+2. This feature is only needed for some formats -- `JSON`, `XML`, `MsgPack`,
+`ProtoBuf`. For other formats, `Query`, `Form`, `FormPost`, `FormMultipart`,
+can be called by `c.ShouldBind()` multiple times without any damage to
+performance (See [#1341](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/1341)).
+
+### Bind form-data request with custom struct and custom tag
+
+```go
+const (
+  customerTag = "url"
+  defaultMemory = 32 << 20
+)
+
+type customerBinding struct {}
+
+func (customerBinding) Name() string {
+  return "form"
+}
+
+func (customerBinding) Bind(req *http.Request, obj any) error {
+  if err := req.ParseForm(); err != nil {
+    return err
+  }
+  if err := req.ParseMultipartForm(defaultMemory); err != nil {
+    if err != http.ErrNotMultipart {
+      return err
+    }
+  }
+  if err := binding.MapFormWithTag(obj, req.Form, customerTag); err != nil {
+    return err
+  }
+  return validate(obj)
+}
+
+func validate(obj any) error {
+  if binding.Validator == nil {
+    return nil
+  }
+  return binding.Validator.ValidateStruct(obj)
+}
+
+// Now we can do this!!!
+// FormA is an external type that we can't modify it's tag
+type FormA struct {
+  FieldA string `url:"field_a"`
+}
+
+func ListHandler(s *Service) func(ctx *gin.Context) {
+  return func(ctx *gin.Context) {
+    var urlBinding = customerBinding{}
+    var opt FormA
+    err := ctx.MustBindWith(&opt, urlBinding)
+    if err != nil {
+      ...
+    }
+    ...
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### http2 server push
+
+http.Pusher is supported only **go1.8+**. See the [golang blog](https://go.dev/blog/h2push) for detail information.
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "html/template"
+  "log"
+  "net/http"
+
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+var html = template.Must(template.New("https").Parse(`
+<html>
+<head>
+  <title>Https Test</title>
+  <script src="/assets/app.js"></script>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <h1 style="color:red;">Welcome, Ginner!</h1>
+</body>
+</html>
+`))
+
+func main() {
+  r := gin.Default()
+  r.Static("/assets", "./assets")
+  r.SetHTMLTemplate(html)
+
+  r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    if pusher := c.Writer.Pusher(); pusher != nil {
+      // use pusher.Push() to do server push
+      if err := pusher.Push("/assets/app.js", nil); err != nil {
+        log.Printf("Failed to push: %v", err)
+      }
+    }
+    c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "https", gin.H{
+      "status": "success",
+    })
+  })
+
+  // Listen and Server in https://127.0.0.1:8080
+  r.RunTLS(":8080", "./testdata/server.pem", "./testdata/server.key")
+}
+```
+
+### Define format for the log of routes
+
+The default log of routes is:
+
+```sh
+[GIN-debug] POST   /foo                      --> main.main.func1 (3 handlers)
+[GIN-debug] GET    /bar                      --> main.main.func2 (3 handlers)
+[GIN-debug] GET    /status                   --> main.main.func3 (3 handlers)
+```
+
+If you want to log this information in given format (e.g. JSON, key values or something else), then you can define this format with `gin.DebugPrintRouteFunc`.
+In the example below, we log all routes with standard log package but you can use another log tools that suits of your needs.
+
+```go
+import (
+  "log"
+  "net/http"
+
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  r := gin.Default()
+  gin.DebugPrintRouteFunc = func(httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName string, nuHandlers int) {
+    log.Printf("endpoint %v %v %v %v\n", httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName, nuHandlers)
+  }
+
+  r.POST("/foo", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "foo")
+  })
+
+  r.GET("/bar", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "bar")
+  })
+
+  r.GET("/status", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "ok")
+  })
+
+  // Listen and Server in http://0.0.0.0:8080
+  r.Run()
+}
+```
+
+### Set and get a cookie
+
+```go
+import (
+  "fmt"
+
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+
+  router.GET("/cookie", func(c *gin.Context) {
+
+      cookie, err := c.Cookie("gin_cookie")
+
+      if err != nil {
+          cookie = "NotSet"
+          c.SetCookie("gin_cookie", "test", 3600, "/", "localhost", false, true)
+      }
+
+      fmt.Printf("Cookie value: %s \n", cookie)
+  })
+
+  router.Run()
+}
+```
+
+## Don't trust all proxies
+
+Gin lets you specify which headers to hold the real client IP (if any),
+as well as specifying which proxies (or direct clients) you trust to
+specify one of these headers.
+
+Use function `SetTrustedProxies()` on your `gin.Engine` to specify network addresses
+or network CIDRs from where clients which their request headers related to client
+IP can be trusted. They can be IPv4 addresses, IPv4 CIDRs, IPv6 addresses or
+IPv6 CIDRs.
+
+**Attention:** Gin trust all proxies by default if you don't specify a trusted 
+proxy using the function above, **this is NOT safe**. At the same time, if you don't
+use any proxy, you can disable this feature by using `Engine.SetTrustedProxies(nil)`,
+then `Context.ClientIP()` will return the remote address directly to avoid some
+unnecessary computation.
+
+```go
+import (
+  "fmt"
+
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+  router.SetTrustedProxies([]string{"192.168.1.2"})
+
+  router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    // If the client is 192.168.1.2, use the X-Forwarded-For
+    // header to deduce the original client IP from the trust-
+    // worthy parts of that header.
+    // Otherwise, simply return the direct client IP
+    fmt.Printf("ClientIP: %s\n", c.ClientIP())
+  })
+  router.Run()
+}
+```
+
+**Notice:** If you are using a CDN service, you can set the `Engine.TrustedPlatform`
+to skip TrustedProxies check, it has a higher priority than TrustedProxies. 
+Look at the example below:
+
+```go
+import (
+  "fmt"
+
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+  // Use predefined header gin.PlatformXXX
+  // Google App Engine
+  router.TrustedPlatform = gin.PlatformGoogleAppEngine
+  // Cloudflare
+  router.TrustedPlatform = gin.PlatformCloudflare
+  // Fly.io
+  router.TrustedPlatform = gin.PlatformFlyIO
+  // Or, you can set your own trusted request header. But be sure your CDN
+  // prevents users from passing this header! For example, if your CDN puts
+  // the client IP in X-CDN-Client-IP:
+  router.TrustedPlatform = "X-CDN-Client-IP"
+
+  router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    // If you set TrustedPlatform, ClientIP() will resolve the
+    // corresponding header and return IP directly
+    fmt.Printf("ClientIP: %s\n", c.ClientIP())
+  })
+  router.Run()
+}
+```
+
+## Testing
+
+The `net/http/httptest` package is preferable way for HTTP testing.
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "net/http"
+
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func setupRouter() *gin.Engine {
+  r := gin.Default()
+  r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
+  })
+  return r
+}
+
+func main() {
+  r := setupRouter()
+  r.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+Test for code example above:
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "net/http"
+  "net/http/httptest"
+  "testing"
+
+  "github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestPingRoute(t *testing.T) {
+  router := setupRouter()
+
+  w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+  req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/ping", nil)
+  router.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+  assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+  assert.Equal(t, "pong", w.Body.String())
+}
+```
diff --git a/fs.go b/fs.go
index 6427473..f17d743 100644
--- a/fs.go
+++ b/fs.go
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ func (fs onlyFilesFS) Open(name string) (http.File, error) {
 }
 
 // Readdir overrides the http.File default implementation.
-func (f neuteredReaddirFile) Readdir(count int) ([]os.FileInfo, error) {
+func (f neuteredReaddirFile) Readdir(_ int) ([]os.FileInfo, error) {
 	// this disables directory listing
 	return nil, nil
 }
diff --git a/gin.go b/gin.go
index 35159d0..1633fe1 100644
--- a/gin.go
+++ b/gin.go
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"path"
+	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 
@@ -40,9 +41,15 @@ var defaultTrustedCIDRs = []*net.IPNet{
 	},
 }
 
+var regSafePrefix = regexp.MustCompile("[^a-zA-Z0-9/-]+")
+var regRemoveRepeatedChar = regexp.MustCompile("/{2,}")
+
 // HandlerFunc defines the handler used by gin middleware as return value.
 type HandlerFunc func(*Context)
 
+// OptionFunc defines the function to change the default configuration
+type OptionFunc func(*Engine)
+
 // HandlersChain defines a HandlerFunc slice.
 type HandlersChain []HandlerFunc
 
@@ -73,6 +80,8 @@ const (
 	// PlatformCloudflare when using Cloudflare's CDN. Trust CF-Connecting-IP for determining
 	// the client's IP
 	PlatformCloudflare = "CF-Connecting-IP"
+	// PlatformFlyIO when running on Fly.io. Trust Fly-Client-IP for determining the client's IP
+	PlatformFlyIO = "Fly-Client-IP"
 )
 
 // Engine is the framework's instance, it contains the muxer, middleware and configuration settings.
@@ -176,7 +185,7 @@ var _ IRouter = (*Engine)(nil)
 // - ForwardedByClientIP:    true
 // - UseRawPath:             false
 // - UnescapePathValues:     true
-func New() *Engine {
+func New(opts ...OptionFunc) *Engine {
 	debugPrintWARNINGNew()
 	engine := &Engine{
 		RouterGroup: RouterGroup{
@@ -205,15 +214,15 @@ func New() *Engine {
 	engine.pool.New = func() any {
 		return engine.allocateContext(engine.maxParams)
 	}
-	return engine
+	return engine.With(opts...)
 }
 
 // Default returns an Engine instance with the Logger and Recovery middleware already attached.
-func Default() *Engine {
+func Default(opts ...OptionFunc) *Engine {
 	debugPrintWARNINGDefault()
 	engine := New()
 	engine.Use(Logger(), Recovery())
-	return engine
+	return engine.With(opts...)
 }
 
 func (engine *Engine) Handler() http.Handler {
@@ -307,6 +316,15 @@ func (engine *Engine) Use(middleware ...HandlerFunc) IRoutes {
 	return engine
 }
 
+// With returns a new Engine instance with the provided options.
+func (engine *Engine) With(opts ...OptionFunc) *Engine {
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(engine)
+	}
+
+	return engine
+}
+
 func (engine *Engine) rebuild404Handlers() {
 	engine.allNoRoute = engine.combineHandlers(engine.noRoute)
 }
@@ -330,7 +348,6 @@ func (engine *Engine) addRoute(method, path string, handlers HandlersChain) {
 	}
 	root.addRoute(path, handlers)
 
-	// Update maxParams
 	if paramsCount := countParams(path); paramsCount > engine.maxParams {
 		engine.maxParams = paramsCount
 	}
@@ -511,7 +528,7 @@ func (engine *Engine) RunUnix(file string) (err error) {
 
 	if engine.isUnsafeTrustedProxies() {
 		debugPrint("[WARNING] You trusted all proxies, this is NOT safe. We recommend you to set a value.\n" +
-			"Please check https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/gin-gonic/gin#readme-don-t-trust-all-proxies for details.")
+			"Please check https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/blob/master/docs/doc.md#dont-trust-all-proxies for details.")
 	}
 
 	listener, err := net.Listen("unix", file)
@@ -534,7 +551,7 @@ func (engine *Engine) RunFd(fd int) (err error) {
 
 	if engine.isUnsafeTrustedProxies() {
 		debugPrint("[WARNING] You trusted all proxies, this is NOT safe. We recommend you to set a value.\n" +
-			"Please check https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/gin-gonic/gin#readme-don-t-trust-all-proxies for details.")
+			"Please check https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/blob/master/docs/doc.md#dont-trust-all-proxies for details.")
 	}
 
 	f := os.NewFile(uintptr(fd), fmt.Sprintf("fd@%d", fd))
@@ -555,7 +572,7 @@ func (engine *Engine) RunListener(listener net.Listener) (err error) {
 
 	if engine.isUnsafeTrustedProxies() {
 		debugPrint("[WARNING] You trusted all proxies, this is NOT safe. We recommend you to set a value.\n" +
-			"Please check https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/gin-gonic/gin#readme-don-t-trust-all-proxies for details.")
+			"Please check https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/blob/master/docs/doc.md#dont-trust-all-proxies for details.")
 	}
 
 	err = http.Serve(listener, engine.Handler())
@@ -630,17 +647,25 @@ func (engine *Engine) handleHTTPRequest(c *Context) {
 	}
 
 	if engine.HandleMethodNotAllowed {
+		// According to RFC 7231 section 6.5.5, MUST generate an Allow header field in response
+		// containing a list of the target resource's currently supported methods.
+		allowed := make([]string, 0, len(t)-1)
 		for _, tree := range engine.trees {
 			if tree.method == httpMethod {
 				continue
 			}
 			if value := tree.root.getValue(rPath, nil, c.skippedNodes, unescape); value.handlers != nil {
-				c.handlers = engine.allNoMethod
-				serveError(c, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, default405Body)
-				return
+				allowed = append(allowed, tree.method)
 			}
 		}
+		if len(allowed) > 0 {
+			c.handlers = engine.allNoMethod
+			c.writermem.Header().Set("Allow", strings.Join(allowed, ", "))
+			serveError(c, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, default405Body)
+			return
+		}
 	}
+
 	c.handlers = engine.allNoRoute
 	serveError(c, http.StatusNotFound, default404Body)
 }
@@ -668,6 +693,9 @@ func redirectTrailingSlash(c *Context) {
 	req := c.Request
 	p := req.URL.Path
 	if prefix := path.Clean(c.Request.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-Prefix")); prefix != "." {
+		prefix = regSafePrefix.ReplaceAllString(prefix, "")
+		prefix = regRemoveRepeatedChar.ReplaceAllString(prefix, "/")
+
 		p = prefix + "/" + req.URL.Path
 	}
 	req.URL.Path = p + "/"
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 200a440..fbbce7c 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -1,36 +1,37 @@
 module github.com/gin-gonic/gin
 
-go 1.18
+go 1.20
 
 require (
-	github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.4.0
+	github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.11.0
 	github.com/gin-contrib/sse v0.1.0
-	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.11.1
-	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.9.11
+	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.18.0
+	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.2
 	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12
-	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.16
-	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.0.6
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.1
-	github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.2.7
-	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20221004154528-8021a29435af
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.28.1
-	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0
+	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20
+	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.1.1
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.4
+	github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.2.12
+	golang.org/x/net v0.21.0
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.32.0
+	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
 )
 
 require (
-	github.com/chenzhuoyu/base64x v0.0.0-20220526154910-8bf9453eb81a // indirect
+	github.com/chenzhuoyu/base64x v0.0.0-20230717121745-296ad89f973d // indirect
+	github.com/chenzhuoyu/iasm v0.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/go-playground/locales v0.14.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.18.0 // indirect
-	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.0.14 // indirect
-	github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.2.1 // indirect
-	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180228061459-e0a39a4cb421 // indirect
+	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.3 // indirect
+	github.com/go-playground/locales v0.14.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.18.1 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.6 // indirect
+	github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/twitchyliquid64/golang-asm v0.15.1 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/arch v0.0.0-20220412001346-fc48f9fe4c15 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20211215153901-e495a2d5b3d3 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220811171246-fbc7d0a398ab // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.3.7 // indirect
-	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/arch v0.7.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.19.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.17.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.14.0 // indirect
 )
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index 574e4a9..ce6c7fe 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -1,115 +1,85 @@
-github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.4.0 h1:d6vgPhwgHfpmEiz/9Fzea9fGzWY7RO1TQEySBiRwDLY=
-github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.4.0/go.mod h1:V973WhNhGmvHxW6nQmsHEfHaoU9F3zTF+93rH03hcUQ=
+github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.5.0/go.mod h1:ED5hyg4y6t3/9Ku1R6dU/4KyJ48DZ4jPhfY1O2AihPM=
+github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.10.0-rc/go.mod h1:ElCzW+ufi8qKqNW0FY314xriJhyJhuoJ3gFZdAHF7NM=
+github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.11.0 h1:FwNNv6Vu4z2Onf1++LNzxB/QhitD8wuTdpZzMTGITWo=
+github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.11.0/go.mod h1:iZcSUejdk5aukTND/Eu/ivjQuEL0Cu9/rf50Hi0u/g4=
 github.com/chenzhuoyu/base64x v0.0.0-20211019084208-fb5309c8db06/go.mod h1:DH46F32mSOjUmXrMHnKwZdA8wcEefY7UVqBKYGjpdQY=
-github.com/chenzhuoyu/base64x v0.0.0-20220526154910-8bf9453eb81a h1:lmGPzuocwDxoPAMr9h16zoJY/USZR9jIh99nrmKk1uI=
-github.com/chenzhuoyu/base64x v0.0.0-20220526154910-8bf9453eb81a/go.mod h1:DH46F32mSOjUmXrMHnKwZdA8wcEefY7UVqBKYGjpdQY=
-github.com/creack/pty v1.1.9/go.mod h1:oKZEueFk5CKHvIhNR5MUki03XCEU+Q6VDXinZuGJ33E=
+github.com/chenzhuoyu/base64x v0.0.0-20221115062448-fe3a3abad311/go.mod h1:b583jCggY9gE99b6G5LEC39OIiVsWj+R97kbl5odCEk=
+github.com/chenzhuoyu/base64x v0.0.0-20230717121745-296ad89f973d h1:77cEq6EriyTZ0g/qfRdp61a3Uu/AWrgIq2s0ClJV1g0=
+github.com/chenzhuoyu/base64x v0.0.0-20230717121745-296ad89f973d/go.mod h1:8EPpVsBuRksnlj1mLy4AWzRNQYxauNi62uWcE3to6eA=
+github.com/chenzhuoyu/iasm v0.9.0/go.mod h1:Xjy2NpN3h7aUqeqM+woSuuvxmIe6+DDsiNLIrkAmYog=
+github.com/chenzhuoyu/iasm v0.9.1 h1:tUHQJXo3NhBqw6s33wkGn9SP3bvrWLdlVIJ3hQBL7P0=
+github.com/chenzhuoyu/iasm v0.9.1/go.mod h1:Xjy2NpN3h7aUqeqM+woSuuvxmIe6+DDsiNLIrkAmYog=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
+github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.3 h1:in2uUcidCuFcDKtdcBxlR0rJ1+fsokWf+uqxgUFjbI0=
+github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.3/go.mod h1:d8uq/6HKRL6CGdk+aubisF/M5GcPfT7nKyLpA0lbSSk=
 github.com/gin-contrib/sse v0.1.0 h1:Y/yl/+YNO8GZSjAhjMsSuLt29uWRFHdHYUb5lYOV9qE=
 github.com/gin-contrib/sse v0.1.0/go.mod h1:RHrZQHXnP2xjPF+u1gW/2HnVO7nvIa9PG3Gm+fLHvGI=
-github.com/go-playground/assert/v2 v2.0.1 h1:MsBgLAaY856+nPRTKrp3/OZK38U/wa0CcBYNjji3q3A=
-github.com/go-playground/assert/v2 v2.0.1/go.mod h1:VDjEfimB/XKnb+ZQfWdccd7VUvScMdVu0Titje2rxJ4=
-github.com/go-playground/locales v0.14.0 h1:u50s323jtVGugKlcYeyzC0etD1HifMjqmJqb8WugfUU=
-github.com/go-playground/locales v0.14.0/go.mod h1:sawfccIbzZTqEDETgFXqTho0QybSa7l++s0DH+LDiLs=
-github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.18.0 h1:82dyy6p4OuJq4/CByFNOn/jYrnRPArHwAcmLoJZxyho=
-github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.18.0/go.mod h1:UvRDBj+xPUEGrFYl+lu/H90nyDXpg0fqeB/AQUGNTVA=
-github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.11.1 h1:prmOlTVv+YjZjmRmNSF3VmspqJIxJWXmqUsHwfTRRkQ=
-github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.11.1/go.mod h1:i+3WkQ1FvaUjjxh1kSvIA4dMGDBiPU55YFDl0WbKdWU=
-github.com/goccy/go-json v0.9.4/go.mod h1:6MelG93GURQebXPDq3khkgXZkazVtN9CRI+MGFi0w8I=
-github.com/goccy/go-json v0.9.11 h1:/pAaQDLHEoCq/5FFmSKBswWmK6H0e8g4159Kc/X/nqk=
-github.com/goccy/go-json v0.9.11/go.mod h1:6MelG93GURQebXPDq3khkgXZkazVtN9CRI+MGFi0w8I=
-github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.0/go.mod h1:FsONVRAS9T7sI+LIUmWTfcYkHO4aIWwzhcaSAoJOfIk=
+github.com/go-playground/assert/v2 v2.2.0 h1:JvknZsQTYeFEAhQwI4qEt9cyV5ONwRHC+lYKSsYSR8s=
+github.com/go-playground/locales v0.14.1 h1:EWaQ/wswjilfKLTECiXz7Rh+3BjFhfDFKv/oXslEjJA=
+github.com/go-playground/locales v0.14.1/go.mod h1:hxrqLVvrK65+Rwrd5Fc6F2O76J/NuW9t0sjnWqG1slY=
+github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.18.1 h1:Bcnm0ZwsGyWbCzImXv+pAJnYK9S473LQFuzCbDbfSFY=
+github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.18.1/go.mod h1:xekY+UJKNuX9WP91TpwSH2VMlDf28Uj24BCp08ZFTUY=
+github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.18.0 h1:BvolUXjp4zuvkZ5YN5t7ebzbhlUtPsPm2S9NAZ5nl9U=
+github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.18.0/go.mod h1:dbuPbCMFw/DrkbEynArYaCwl3amGuJotoKCe95atGMM=
+github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.2 h1:CrxCmQqYDkv1z7lO7Wbh2HN93uovUHgrECaO5ZrCXAU=
+github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.2/go.mod h1:6MelG93GURQebXPDq3khkgXZkazVtN9CRI+MGFi0w8I=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.5 h1:Khx7svrCpmxxtHBq5j2mp/xVjsi8hQMfNLvJFAlrGgU=
-github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.5/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
 github.com/google/gofuzz v1.0.0/go.mod h1:dBl0BpW6vV/+mYPU4Po3pmUjxk6FQPldtuIdl/M65Eg=
 github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 h1:PV8peI4a0ysnczrg+LtxykD8LfKY9ML6u2jnxaEnrnM=
 github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12/go.mod h1:e30LSqwooZae/UwlEbR2852Gd8hjQvJoHmT4TnhNGBo=
 github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.0.9/go.mod h1:FInQzS24/EEf25PyTYn52gqo7WaD8xa0213Md/qVLRg=
-github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.0.14 h1:QRqdp6bb9M9S5yyKeYteXKuoKE4p0tGlra81fKOpWH8=
-github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.0.14/go.mod h1:g2LTdtYhdyuGPqyWyv7qRAmj1WBqxuObKfj5c0PQa7c=
-github.com/kr/pretty v0.1.0/go.mod h1:dAy3ld7l9f0ibDNOQOHHMYYIIbhfbHSm3C4ZsoJORNo=
-github.com/kr/pretty v0.2.1/go.mod h1:ipq/a2n7PKx3OHsz4KJII5eveXtPO4qwEXGdVfWzfnI=
-github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.0 h1:WgNl7dwNpEZ6jJ9k1snq4pZsg7DOEN8hP9Xw0Tsjwk0=
-github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.0/go.mod h1:640gp4NfQd8pI5XOwp5fnNeVWj67G7CFk/SaSQn7NBk=
-github.com/kr/pty v1.1.1/go.mod h1:pFQYn66WHrOpPYNljwOMqo10TkYh1fy3cYio2l3bCsQ=
-github.com/kr/text v0.1.0/go.mod h1:4Jbv+DJW3UT/LiOwJeYQe1efqtUx/iVham/4vfdArNI=
-github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 h1:5Nx0Ya0ZqY2ygV366QzturHI13Jq95ApcVaJBhpS+AY=
-github.com/kr/text v0.2.0/go.mod h1:eLer722TekiGuMkidMxC/pM04lWEeraHUUmBw8l2grE=
-github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.2.1 h1:BqpAaACuzVSgi/VLzGZIobT2z4v53pjosyNd9Yv6n/w=
-github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.2.1/go.mod h1:zt4jvISO2HfUBqxjfIshjdMTYS56ZS/qv49ictyFfxY=
-github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.16 h1:bq3VjFmv/sOjHtdEhmkEV4x1AJtvUvOJ2PFAZ5+peKQ=
-github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.16/go.mod h1:kYGgaQfpe5nmfYZH+SKPsOc2e4SrIfOl2e/yFXSvRLM=
-github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180228061459-e0a39a4cb421 h1:ZqeYNhU3OHLH3mGKHDcjJRFFRrJa6eAM5H+CtDdOsPc=
+github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.6 h1:ndNyv040zDGIDh8thGkXYjnFtiN02M1PVVF+JE/48xc=
+github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.6/go.mod h1:Lcz8mBdAVJIBVzewtcLocK12l3Y+JytZYpaMropDUws=
+github.com/knz/go-libedit v1.10.1/go.mod h1:MZTVkCWyz0oBc7JOWP3wNAzd002ZbM/5hgShxwh4x8M=
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 github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180228061459-e0a39a4cb421/go.mod h1:6dJC0mAP4ikYIbvyc7fijjWJddQyLn8Ig3JB5CqoB9Q=
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+github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd/go.mod h1:6dJC0mAP4ikYIbvyc7fijjWJddQyLn8Ig3JB5CqoB9Q=
 github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 h1:xBagoLtFs94CBntxluKeaWgTMpvLxC4ur3nMaC9Gz0M=
 github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2/go.mod h1:yWuevngMOJpCy52FWWMvUC8ws7m/LJsjYzDa0/r8luk=
-github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.0.6 h1:nrzqCb7j9cDFj2coyLNLaZuJTLjWjlaz6nvTvIwycIU=
-github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.0.6/go.mod h1:eumQOmlWiOPt5WriQQqoM5y18pDHwha2N+QD+EUNTek=
-github.com/pkg/diff v0.0.0-20210226163009-20ebb0f2a09e/go.mod h1:pJLUxLENpZxwdsKMEsNbx1VGcRFpLqf3715MtcvvzbA=
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+github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.1.1/go.mod h1:tJU2Z3ZkXwnxa4DPO899bsyIoywizdUvyaeZurnPPDc=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
-github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.6.1/go.mod h1:xXDCJY+GAPziupqXw64V24skbSoqbTEfhy4qGm1nDQc=
-github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.8.0 h1:FCbCCtXNOY3UtUuHUYaghJg4y7Fd14rXifAYUAtL9R8=
-github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.8.0/go.mod h1:WmiCO8CzOY8rg0OYDC4/i/2WRWAB6poM+XZ2dLUbcbE=
 github.com/stretchr/objx v0.1.0/go.mod h1:HFkY916IF+rwdDfMAkV7OtwuqBVzrE8GR6GFx+wExME=
 github.com/stretchr/objx v0.4.0/go.mod h1:YvHI0jy2hoMjB+UWwv71VJQ9isScKT/TqJzVSSt89Yw=
 github.com/stretchr/objx v0.5.0/go.mod h1:Yh+to48EsGEfYuaHDzXPcE3xhTkx73EhmCGUpEOglKo=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.3.0/go.mod h1:M5WIy9Dh21IEIfnGCwXGc5bZfKNJtfHm1UVUgZn+9EI=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.6.1/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.0/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.1/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.0/go.mod h1:yNjHg4UonilssWZ8iaSj1OCr/vHnekPRkoO+kdMU+MU=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.1 h1:w7B6lhMri9wdJUVmEZPGGhZzrYTPvgJArz7wNPgYKsk=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.1/go.mod h1:w2LPCIKwWwSfY2zedu0+kehJoqGctiVI29o6fzry7u4=
-github.com/tidwall/gjson v1.12.1/go.mod h1:/wbyibRr2FHMks5tjHJ5F8dMZh3AcwJEMf5vlfC0lxk=
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-github.com/tidwall/sjson v1.2.4 h1:cuiLzLnaMeBhRmEv00Lpk3tkYrcxpmbU81tAY4Dw0tc=
-github.com/tidwall/sjson v1.2.4/go.mod h1:098SZ494YoMWPmMO6ct4dcFnqxwj9r/gF0Etp19pSNM=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.4 h1:CcVxjf3Q8PM0mHUKJCdn+eZZtm5yQwehR5yeSVQQcUk=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.4/go.mod h1:sz/lmYIOXD/1dqDmKjjqLyZ2RngseejIcXlSw2iwfAo=
 github.com/twitchyliquid64/golang-asm v0.15.1 h1:SU5vSMR7hnwNxj24w34ZyCi/FmDZTkS4MhqMhdFk5YI=
 github.com/twitchyliquid64/golang-asm v0.15.1/go.mod h1:a1lVb/DtPvCB8fslRZhAngC2+aY1QWCk3Cedj/Gdt08=
-github.com/ugorji/go v1.2.7/go.mod h1:nF9osbDWLy6bDVv/Rtoh6QgnvNDpmCalQV5urGCCS6M=
-github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.2.7 h1:YPXUKf7fYbp/y8xloBqZOw2qaVggbfwMlI8WM3wZUJ0=
-github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.2.7/go.mod h1:WGN1fab3R1fzQlVQTkfxVtIBhWDRqOviHU95kRgeqEY=
+github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.2.12 h1:9LC83zGrHhuUA9l16C9AHXAqEV/2wBQ4nkvumAE65EE=
+github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.2.12/go.mod h1:UNopzCgEMSXjBc6AOMqYvWC1ktqTAfzJZUZgYf6w6lg=
 golang.org/x/arch v0.0.0-20210923205945-b76863e36670/go.mod h1:5om86z9Hs0C8fWVUuoMHwpExlXzs5Tkyp9hOrfG7pp8=
-golang.org/x/arch v0.0.0-20220412001346-fc48f9fe4c15 h1:GVfVkciLYxn5mY5EncwAe0SXUn9Rm81rRkZ0TTmn/cU=
-golang.org/x/arch v0.0.0-20220412001346-fc48f9fe4c15/go.mod h1:5om86z9Hs0C8fWVUuoMHwpExlXzs5Tkyp9hOrfG7pp8=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20211215153901-e495a2d5b3d3 h1:0es+/5331RGQPcXlMfP+WrnIIS6dNnNRe0WB02W0F4M=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20211215153901-e495a2d5b3d3/go.mod h1:IxCIyHEi3zRg3s0A5j5BB6A9Jmi73HwBIUl50j+osU4=
-golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20211112202133-69e39bad7dc2/go.mod h1:9nx3DQGgdP8bBQD5qxJ1jj9UTztislL4KSBs9R2vV5Y=
-golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20221004154528-8021a29435af h1:wv66FM3rLZGPdxpYL+ApnDe2HzHcTFta3z5nsc13wI4=
-golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20221004154528-8021a29435af/go.mod h1:YDH+HFinaLZZlnHAfSS6ZXJJ9M9t4Dl22yv3iI2vPwk=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20201119102817-f84b799fce68/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210423082822-04245dca01da/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210615035016-665e8c7367d1/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210806184541-e5e7981a1069/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220811171246-fbc7d0a398ab h1:2QkjZIsXupsJbJIdSjjUOgWK3aEtzyuh2mPt3l/CkeU=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220811171246-fbc7d0a398ab/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
-golang.org/x/text v0.3.6/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.3.7 h1:olpwvP2KacW1ZWvsR7uQhoyTYvKAupfQrRGBFM352Gk=
-golang.org/x/text v0.3.7/go.mod h1:u+2+/6zg+i71rQMx5EYifcz6MCKuco9NR6JIITiCfzQ=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
+golang.org/x/arch v0.7.0 h1:pskyeJh/3AmoQ8CPE95vxHLqp1G1GfGNXTmcl9NEKTc=
+golang.org/x/arch v0.7.0/go.mod h1:FEVrYAQjsQXMVJ1nsMoVVXPZg6p2JE2mx8psSWTDQys=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.19.0 h1:ENy+Az/9Y1vSrlrvBSyna3PITt4tiZLf7sgCjZBX7Wo=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.19.0/go.mod h1:Iy9bg/ha4yyC70EfRS8jz+B6ybOBKMaSxLj6P6oBDfU=
+golang.org/x/net v0.21.0 h1:AQyQV4dYCvJ7vGmJyKki9+PBdyvhkSd8EIx/qb0AYv4=
+golang.org/x/net v0.21.0/go.mod h1:bIjVDfnllIU7BJ2DNgfnXvpSvtn8VRwhlsaeUTyUS44=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.5.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.17.0 h1:25cE3gD+tdBA7lp7QfhuV+rJiE9YXTcS3VG1SqssI/Y=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.17.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/text v0.14.0 h1:ScX5w1eTa3QqT8oi6+ziP7dTV1S2+ALU0bI+0zXKWiQ=
+golang.org/x/text v0.14.0/go.mod h1:18ZOQIKpY8NJVqYksKHtTdi31H5itFRjB5/qKTNYzSU=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543 h1:E7g+9GITq07hpfrRu66IVDexMakfv52eLZ2CXBWiKr4=
-golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0-rc.1/go.mod h1:jlhhOSvTdKEhbULTjvd4ARK9grFBp09yW+WbY/TyQbw=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.28.1 h1:d0NfwRgPtno5B1Wa6L2DAG+KivqkdutMf1UhdNx175w=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.28.1/go.mod h1:HV8QOd/L58Z+nl8r43ehVNZIU/HEI6OcFqwMG9pJV4I=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.32.0 h1:pPC6BG5ex8PDFnkbrGU3EixyhKcQ2aDuBS36lqK/C7I=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.32.0/go.mod h1:c6P6GXX6sHbq/GpV6MGZEdwhWPcYBgnhAHhKbcUYpos=
+gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405 h1:yhCVgyC4o1eVCa2tZl7eS0r+SDo693bJlVdllGtEeKM=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
-gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
-gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c h1:Hei/4ADfdWqJk1ZMxUNpqntNwaWcugrBjAiHlqqRiVk=
-gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c/go.mod h1:JHkPIbrfpd72SG/EVd6muEfDQjcINNoR0C8j2r3qZ4Q=
-gopkg.in/errgo.v2 v2.1.0/go.mod h1:hNsd1EY+bozCKY1Ytp96fpM3vjJbqLJn88ws8XvfDNI=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 h1:D8xgwECY7CYvx+Y2n4sBz93Jn9JRvxdiyyo8CTfuKaY=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0/go.mod h1:RDklbk79AGWmwhnvt/jBztapEOGDOx6ZbXqjP6csGnQ=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20210107192922-496545a6307b/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
+nullprogram.com/x/optparse v1.0.0/go.mod h1:KdyPE+Igbe0jQUrVfMqDMeJQIJZEuyV7pjYmp6pbG50=
 rsc.io/pdf v0.1.1/go.mod h1:n8OzWcQ6Sp37PL01nO98y4iUCRdTGarVfzxY20ICaU4=
diff --git a/internal/bytesconv/bytesconv.go b/internal/bytesconv/bytesconv_1.19.go
similarity index 96%
rename from internal/bytesconv/bytesconv.go
rename to internal/bytesconv/bytesconv_1.19.go
index 86e4c4d..669c9c9 100644
--- a/internal/bytesconv/bytesconv.go
+++ b/internal/bytesconv/bytesconv_1.19.go
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 // Use of this source code is governed by a MIT style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
+//go:build !go1.20
+
 package bytesconv
 
 import (
diff --git a/internal/bytesconv/bytesconv_1.20.go b/internal/bytesconv/bytesconv_1.20.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b6040a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/bytesconv/bytesconv_1.20.go
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Gin Core Team. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build go1.20
+
+package bytesconv
+
+import (
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+// StringToBytes converts string to byte slice without a memory allocation.
+// For more details, see https://github.com/golang/go/issues/53003#issuecomment-1140276077.
+func StringToBytes(s string) []byte {
+	return unsafe.Slice(unsafe.StringData(s), len(s))
+}
+
+// BytesToString converts byte slice to string without a memory allocation.
+// For more details, see https://github.com/golang/go/issues/53003#issuecomment-1140276077.
+func BytesToString(b []byte) string {
+	return unsafe.String(unsafe.SliceData(b), len(b))
+}
diff --git a/internal/json/go_json.go b/internal/json/go_json.go
index 23f7172..47c3559 100644
--- a/internal/json/go_json.go
+++ b/internal/json/go_json.go
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
 //go:build go_json
-// +build go_json
 
 package json
 
diff --git a/internal/json/json.go b/internal/json/json.go
index c5f3efc..c7ee83e 100644
--- a/internal/json/json.go
+++ b/internal/json/json.go
@@ -3,9 +3,6 @@
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
 //go:build !jsoniter && !go_json && !(sonic && avx && (linux || windows || darwin) && amd64)
-// +build !jsoniter
-// +build !go_json
-// +build !sonic !avx !linux,!windows,!darwin !amd64
 
 package json
 
diff --git a/internal/json/jsoniter.go b/internal/json/jsoniter.go
index 853b1a9..45ed16b 100644
--- a/internal/json/jsoniter.go
+++ b/internal/json/jsoniter.go
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
 //go:build jsoniter
-// +build jsoniter
 
 package json
 
diff --git a/internal/json/sonic.go b/internal/json/sonic.go
index 5a9ca4b..529e16d 100644
--- a/internal/json/sonic.go
+++ b/internal/json/sonic.go
@@ -3,10 +3,6 @@
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
 //go:build sonic && avx && (linux || windows || darwin) && amd64
-// +build sonic
-// +build avx
-// +build linux windows darwin
-// +build amd64
 
 package json
 
diff --git a/logger.go b/logger.go
index cd1e7fa..db2c683 100644
--- a/logger.go
+++ b/logger.go
@@ -47,8 +47,15 @@ type LoggerConfig struct {
 	// SkipPaths is an url path array which logs are not written.
 	// Optional.
 	SkipPaths []string
+
+	// Skip is a Skipper that indicates which logs should not be written.
+	// Optional.
+	Skip Skipper
 }
 
+// Skipper is a function to skip logs based on provided Context
+type Skipper func(c *Context) bool
+
 // LogFormatter gives the signature of the formatter function passed to LoggerWithFormatter
 type LogFormatter func(params LogFormatterParams) string
 
@@ -83,6 +90,8 @@ func (p *LogFormatterParams) StatusCodeColor() string {
 	code := p.StatusCode
 
 	switch {
+	case code >= http.StatusContinue && code < http.StatusOK:
+		return white
 	case code >= http.StatusOK && code < http.StatusMultipleChoices:
 		return green
 	case code >= http.StatusMultipleChoices && code < http.StatusBadRequest:
@@ -239,32 +248,34 @@ func LoggerWithConfig(conf LoggerConfig) HandlerFunc {
 		// Process request
 		c.Next()
 
-		// Log only when path is not being skipped
-		if _, ok := skip[path]; !ok {
-			param := LogFormatterParams{
-				Request: c.Request,
-				isTerm:  isTerm,
-				Keys:    c.Keys,
-			}
-
-			// Stop timer
-			param.TimeStamp = time.Now()
-			param.Latency = param.TimeStamp.Sub(start)
+		// Log only when it is not being skipped
+		if _, ok := skip[path]; ok || (conf.Skip != nil && conf.Skip(c)) {
+			return
+		}
 
-			param.ClientIP = c.ClientIP()
-			param.Method = c.Request.Method
-			param.StatusCode = c.Writer.Status()
-			param.ErrorMessage = c.Errors.ByType(ErrorTypePrivate).String()
+		param := LogFormatterParams{
+			Request: c.Request,
+			isTerm:  isTerm,
+			Keys:    c.Keys,
+		}
 
-			param.BodySize = c.Writer.Size()
+		// Stop timer
+		param.TimeStamp = time.Now()
+		param.Latency = param.TimeStamp.Sub(start)
 
-			if raw != "" {
-				path = path + "?" + raw
-			}
+		param.ClientIP = c.ClientIP()
+		param.Method = c.Request.Method
+		param.StatusCode = c.Writer.Status()
+		param.ErrorMessage = c.Errors.ByType(ErrorTypePrivate).String()
 
-			param.Path = path
+		param.BodySize = c.Writer.Size()
 
-			fmt.Fprint(out, formatter(param))
+		if raw != "" {
+			path = path + "?" + raw
 		}
+
+		param.Path = path
+
+		fmt.Fprint(out, formatter(param))
 	}
 }
diff --git a/recovery.go b/recovery.go
index 3a90f25..515f9d2 100644
--- a/recovery.go
+++ b/recovery.go
@@ -62,7 +62,9 @@ func CustomRecoveryWithWriter(out io.Writer, handle RecoveryFunc) HandlerFunc {
 				if ne, ok := err.(*net.OpError); ok {
 					var se *os.SyscallError
 					if errors.As(ne, &se) {
-						if strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(se.Error()), "broken pipe") || strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(se.Error()), "connection reset by peer") {
+						seStr := strings.ToLower(se.Error())
+						if strings.Contains(seStr, "broken pipe") ||
+							strings.Contains(seStr, "connection reset by peer") {
 							brokenPipe = true
 						}
 					}
@@ -101,7 +103,7 @@ func CustomRecoveryWithWriter(out io.Writer, handle RecoveryFunc) HandlerFunc {
 	}
 }
 
-func defaultHandleRecovery(c *Context, err any) {
+func defaultHandleRecovery(c *Context, _ any) {
 	c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusInternalServerError)
 }
 
@@ -162,7 +164,7 @@ func function(pc uintptr) []byte {
 	if period := bytes.Index(name, dot); period >= 0 {
 		name = name[period+1:]
 	}
-	name = bytes.Replace(name, centerDot, dot, -1)
+	name = bytes.ReplaceAll(name, centerDot, dot)
 	return name
 }
 
diff --git a/render/any.go b/render/any.go
deleted file mode 100644
index b19ad45..0000000
--- a/render/any.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2021 Gin Core Team. All rights reserved.
-// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT style
-// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
-
-//go:build !go1.18
-// +build !go1.18
-
-package render
-
-type any = interface{}
diff --git a/render/json.go b/render/json.go
index af678e8..fc8dea4 100644
--- a/render/json.go
+++ b/render/json.go
@@ -53,11 +53,8 @@ var (
 )
 
 // Render (JSON) writes data with custom ContentType.
-func (r JSON) Render(w http.ResponseWriter) (err error) {
-	if err = WriteJSON(w, r.Data); err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	return
+func (r JSON) Render(w http.ResponseWriter) error {
+	return WriteJSON(w, r.Data)
 }
 
 // WriteContentType (JSON) writes JSON ContentType.
diff --git a/render/msgpack.go b/render/msgpack.go
index e0f30f7..d1d8e84 100644
--- a/render/msgpack.go
+++ b/render/msgpack.go
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
 //go:build !nomsgpack
-// +build !nomsgpack
 
 package render
 
diff --git a/render/render.go b/render/render.go
index 7955000..4bdcfa2 100644
--- a/render/render.go
+++ b/render/render.go
@@ -15,22 +15,22 @@ type Render interface {
 }
 
 var (
-	_ Render     = JSON{}
-	_ Render     = IndentedJSON{}
-	_ Render     = SecureJSON{}
-	_ Render     = JsonpJSON{}
-	_ Render     = XML{}
-	_ Render     = String{}
-	_ Render     = Redirect{}
-	_ Render     = Data{}
-	_ Render     = HTML{}
-	_ HTMLRender = HTMLDebug{}
-	_ HTMLRender = HTMLProduction{}
-	_ Render     = YAML{}
-	_ Render     = Reader{}
-	_ Render     = AsciiJSON{}
-	_ Render     = ProtoBuf{}
-	_ Render     = TOML{}
+	_ Render     = (*JSON)(nil)
+	_ Render     = (*IndentedJSON)(nil)
+	_ Render     = (*SecureJSON)(nil)
+	_ Render     = (*JsonpJSON)(nil)
+	_ Render     = (*XML)(nil)
+	_ Render     = (*String)(nil)
+	_ Render     = (*Redirect)(nil)
+	_ Render     = (*Data)(nil)
+	_ Render     = (*HTML)(nil)
+	_ HTMLRender = (*HTMLDebug)(nil)
+	_ HTMLRender = (*HTMLProduction)(nil)
+	_ Render     = (*YAML)(nil)
+	_ Render     = (*Reader)(nil)
+	_ Render     = (*AsciiJSON)(nil)
+	_ Render     = (*ProtoBuf)(nil)
+	_ Render     = (*TOML)(nil)
 )
 
 func writeContentType(w http.ResponseWriter, value []string) {
diff --git a/render/yaml.go b/render/yaml.go
index 4f0ac01..042bb82 100644
--- a/render/yaml.go
+++ b/render/yaml.go
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ package render
 import (
 	"net/http"
 
-	"gopkg.in/yaml.v2"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 )
 
 // YAML contains the given interface object.
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ type YAML struct {
 	Data any
 }
 
-var yamlContentType = []string{"application/x-yaml; charset=utf-8"}
+var yamlContentType = []string{"application/yaml; charset=utf-8"}
 
 // Render (YAML) marshals the given interface object and writes data with custom ContentType.
 func (r YAML) Render(w http.ResponseWriter) error {
diff --git a/response_writer.go b/response_writer.go
index 43e828d..753a0b0 100644
--- a/response_writer.go
+++ b/response_writer.go
@@ -51,6 +51,10 @@ type responseWriter struct {
 
 var _ ResponseWriter = (*responseWriter)(nil)
 
+func (w *responseWriter) Unwrap() http.ResponseWriter {
+	return w.ResponseWriter
+}
+
 func (w *responseWriter) reset(writer http.ResponseWriter) {
 	w.ResponseWriter = writer
 	w.size = noWritten
@@ -61,6 +65,7 @@ func (w *responseWriter) WriteHeader(code int) {
 	if code > 0 && w.status != code {
 		if w.Written() {
 			debugPrint("[WARNING] Headers were already written. Wanted to override status code %d with %d", w.status, code)
+			return
 		}
 		w.status = code
 	}
diff --git a/routergroup.go b/routergroup.go
index dfbdd7b..c833fe8 100644
--- a/routergroup.go
+++ b/routergroup.go
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ type IRoutes interface {
 	PUT(string, ...HandlerFunc) IRoutes
 	OPTIONS(string, ...HandlerFunc) IRoutes
 	HEAD(string, ...HandlerFunc) IRoutes
+	Match([]string, string, ...HandlerFunc) IRoutes
 
 	StaticFile(string, string) IRoutes
 	StaticFileFS(string, string, http.FileSystem) IRoutes
@@ -151,6 +152,15 @@ func (group *RouterGroup) Any(relativePath string, handlers ...HandlerFunc) IRou
 	return group.returnObj()
 }
 
+// Match registers a route that matches the specified methods that you declared.
+func (group *RouterGroup) Match(methods []string, relativePath string, handlers ...HandlerFunc) IRoutes {
+	for _, method := range methods {
+		group.handle(method, relativePath, handlers)
+	}
+
+	return group.returnObj()
+}
+
 // StaticFile registers a single route in order to serve a single file of the local filesystem.
 // router.StaticFile("favicon.ico", "./resources/favicon.ico")
 func (group *RouterGroup) StaticFile(relativePath, filepath string) IRoutes {
diff --git a/tree.go b/tree.go
index 3f34b8e..878023d 100644
--- a/tree.go
+++ b/tree.go
@@ -351,7 +351,10 @@ func (n *node) insertChild(path string, fullPath string, handlers HandlersChain)
 		}
 
 		if len(n.path) > 0 && n.path[len(n.path)-1] == '/' {
-			pathSeg := strings.SplitN(n.children[0].path, "/", 2)[0]
+			pathSeg := ""
+			if len(n.children) != 0 {
+				pathSeg = strings.SplitN(n.children[0].path, "/", 2)[0]
+			}
 			panic("catch-all wildcard '" + path +
 				"' in new path '" + fullPath +
 				"' conflicts with existing path segment '" + pathSeg +
@@ -459,9 +462,9 @@ walk: // Outer loop for walking the tree
 					// If the path at the end of the loop is not equal to '/' and the current node has no child nodes
 					// the current node needs to roll back to last valid skippedNode
 					if path != "/" {
-						for l := len(*skippedNodes); l > 0; {
-							skippedNode := (*skippedNodes)[l-1]
-							*skippedNodes = (*skippedNodes)[:l-1]
+						for length := len(*skippedNodes); length > 0; length-- {
+							skippedNode := (*skippedNodes)[length-1]
+							*skippedNodes = (*skippedNodes)[:length-1]
 							if strings.HasSuffix(skippedNode.path, path) {
 								path = skippedNode.path
 								n = skippedNode.node
@@ -478,7 +481,7 @@ walk: // Outer loop for walking the tree
 					// We can recommend to redirect to the same URL without a
 					// trailing slash if a leaf exists for that path.
 					value.tsr = path == "/" && n.handlers != nil
-					return
+					return value
 				}
 
 				// Handle wildcard child, which is always at the end of the array
@@ -497,7 +500,14 @@ walk: // Outer loop for walking the tree
 					}
 
 					// Save param value
-					if params != nil && cap(*params) > 0 {
+					if params != nil {
+						// Preallocate capacity if necessary
+						if cap(*params) < int(globalParamsCount) {
+							newParams := make(Params, len(*params), globalParamsCount)
+							copy(newParams, *params)
+							*params = newParams
+						}
+
 						if value.params == nil {
 							value.params = params
 						}
@@ -526,12 +536,12 @@ walk: // Outer loop for walking the tree
 
 						// ... but we can't
 						value.tsr = len(path) == end+1
-						return
+						return value
 					}
 
 					if value.handlers = n.handlers; value.handlers != nil {
 						value.fullPath = n.fullPath
-						return
+						return value
 					}
 					if len(n.children) == 1 {
 						// No handle found. Check if a handle for this path + a
@@ -539,11 +549,18 @@ walk: // Outer loop for walking the tree
 						n = n.children[0]
 						value.tsr = (n.path == "/" && n.handlers != nil) || (n.path == "" && n.indices == "/")
 					}
-					return
+					return value
 
 				case catchAll:
 					// Save param value
 					if params != nil {
+						// Preallocate capacity if necessary
+						if cap(*params) < int(globalParamsCount) {
+							newParams := make(Params, len(*params), globalParamsCount)
+							copy(newParams, *params)
+							*params = newParams
+						}
+
 						if value.params == nil {
 							value.params = params
 						}
@@ -564,7 +581,7 @@ walk: // Outer loop for walking the tree
 
 					value.handlers = n.handlers
 					value.fullPath = n.fullPath
-					return
+					return value
 
 				default:
 					panic("invalid node type")
@@ -576,9 +593,9 @@ walk: // Outer loop for walking the tree
 			// If the current path does not equal '/' and the node does not have a registered handle and the most recently matched node has a child node
 			// the current node needs to roll back to last valid skippedNode
 			if n.handlers == nil && path != "/" {
-				for l := len(*skippedNodes); l > 0; {
-					skippedNode := (*skippedNodes)[l-1]
-					*skippedNodes = (*skippedNodes)[:l-1]
+				for length := len(*skippedNodes); length > 0; length-- {
+					skippedNode := (*skippedNodes)[length-1]
+					*skippedNodes = (*skippedNodes)[:length-1]
 					if strings.HasSuffix(skippedNode.path, path) {
 						path = skippedNode.path
 						n = skippedNode.node
@@ -595,7 +612,7 @@ walk: // Outer loop for walking the tree
 			// Check if this node has a handle registered.
 			if value.handlers = n.handlers; value.handlers != nil {
 				value.fullPath = n.fullPath
-				return
+				return value
 			}
 
 			// If there is no handle for this route, but this route has a
@@ -603,12 +620,12 @@ walk: // Outer loop for walking the tree
 			// additional trailing slash
 			if path == "/" && n.wildChild && n.nType != root {
 				value.tsr = true
-				return
+				return value
 			}
 
 			if path == "/" && n.nType == static {
 				value.tsr = true
-				return
+				return value
 			}
 
 			// No handle found. Check if a handle for this path + a
@@ -618,11 +635,11 @@ walk: // Outer loop for walking the tree
 					n = n.children[i]
 					value.tsr = (len(n.path) == 1 && n.handlers != nil) ||
 						(n.nType == catchAll && n.children[0].handlers != nil)
-					return
+					return value
 				}
 			}
 
-			return
+			return value
 		}
 
 		// Nothing found. We can recommend to redirect to the same URL with an
@@ -633,9 +650,9 @@ walk: // Outer loop for walking the tree
 
 		// roll back to last valid skippedNode
 		if !value.tsr && path != "/" {
-			for l := len(*skippedNodes); l > 0; {
-				skippedNode := (*skippedNodes)[l-1]
-				*skippedNodes = (*skippedNodes)[:l-1]
+			for length := len(*skippedNodes); length > 0; length-- {
+				skippedNode := (*skippedNodes)[length-1]
+				*skippedNodes = (*skippedNodes)[:length-1]
 				if strings.HasSuffix(skippedNode.path, path) {
 					path = skippedNode.path
 					n = skippedNode.node
@@ -648,7 +665,7 @@ walk: // Outer loop for walking the tree
 			}
 		}
 
-		return
+		return value
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/utils.go b/utils.go
index 4021a2a..47106a7 100644
--- a/utils.go
+++ b/utils.go
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ func WrapH(h http.Handler) HandlerFunc {
 	}
 }
 
-// H is a shortcut for map[string]interface{}
+// H is a shortcut for map[string]any
 type H map[string]any
 
 // MarshalXML allows type H to be used with xml.Marshal.
diff --git a/version.go b/version.go
index 632ca7d..85462e5 100644
--- a/version.go
+++ b/version.go
@@ -5,4 +5,4 @@
 package gin
 
 // Version is the current gin framework's version.
-const Version = "v1.8.1"
+const Version = "v1.9.1"


Test patch:
diff --git a/auth_test.go b/auth_test.go
index 42b6f8f..f717592 100644
--- a/auth_test.go
+++ b/auth_test.go
@@ -137,3 +137,40 @@ func TestBasicAuth401WithCustomRealm(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnauthorized, w.Code)
 	assert.Equal(t, "Basic realm=\"My Custom \\\"Realm\\\"\"", w.Header().Get("WWW-Authenticate"))
 }
+
+func TestBasicAuthForProxySucceed(t *testing.T) {
+	accounts := Accounts{"admin": "password"}
+	router := New()
+	router.Use(BasicAuthForProxy(accounts, ""))
+	router.Any("/*proxyPath", func(c *Context) {
+		c.String(http.StatusOK, c.MustGet(AuthProxyUserKey).(string))
+	})
+
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/test", nil)
+	req.Header.Set("Proxy-Authorization", authorizationHeader("admin", "password"))
+	router.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+	assert.Equal(t, "admin", w.Body.String())
+}
+
+func TestBasicAuthForProxy407(t *testing.T) {
+	called := false
+	accounts := Accounts{"foo": "bar"}
+	router := New()
+	router.Use(BasicAuthForProxy(accounts, ""))
+	router.Any("/*proxyPath", func(c *Context) {
+		called = true
+		c.String(http.StatusOK, c.MustGet(AuthProxyUserKey).(string))
+	})
+
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/test", nil)
+	req.Header.Set("Proxy-Authorization", "Basic "+base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("admin:password")))
+	router.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.False(t, called)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusProxyAuthRequired, w.Code)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Basic realm=\"Proxy Authorization Required\"", w.Header().Get("Proxy-Authenticate"))
+}
diff --git a/binding/binding_msgpack_test.go b/binding/binding_msgpack_test.go
index 04d9407..a6cd6aa 100644
--- a/binding/binding_msgpack_test.go
+++ b/binding/binding_msgpack_test.go
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
 //go:build !nomsgpack
-// +build !nomsgpack
 
 package binding
 
diff --git a/binding/binding_test.go b/binding/binding_test.go
index 9af4f88..feb8eed 100644
--- a/binding/binding_test.go
+++ b/binding/binding_test.go
@@ -164,6 +164,8 @@ func TestBindingDefault(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert.Equal(t, YAML, Default("POST", MIMEYAML))
 	assert.Equal(t, YAML, Default("PUT", MIMEYAML))
+	assert.Equal(t, YAML, Default("POST", MIMEYAML2))
+	assert.Equal(t, YAML, Default("PUT", MIMEYAML2))
 
 	assert.Equal(t, TOML, Default("POST", MIMETOML))
 	assert.Equal(t, TOML, Default("PUT", MIMETOML))
diff --git a/binding/form_mapping_test.go b/binding/form_mapping_test.go
index 93d6a92..16527eb 100644
--- a/binding/form_mapping_test.go
+++ b/binding/form_mapping_test.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 package binding
 
 import (
+	"mime/multipart"
 	"reflect"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ func TestMappingBaseTypes(t *testing.T) {
 		{"zero value", struct{ F uint }{}, "", uint(0)},
 		{"zero value", struct{ F bool }{}, "", false},
 		{"zero value", struct{ F float32 }{}, "", float32(0)},
+		{"file value", struct{ F *multipart.FileHeader }{}, "", &multipart.FileHeader{}},
 	} {
 		tp := reflect.TypeOf(tt.value)
 		testName := tt.name + ":" + tp.Field(0).Type.String()
@@ -269,6 +271,39 @@ func TestMappingStructField(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, 9, s.J.I)
 }
 
+func TestMappingPtrField(t *testing.T) {
+	type ptrStruct struct {
+		Key int64 `json:"key"`
+	}
+
+	type ptrRequest struct {
+		Items []*ptrStruct `json:"items" form:"items"`
+	}
+
+	var err error
+
+	// With 0 items.
+	var req0 ptrRequest
+	err = mappingByPtr(&req0, formSource{}, "form")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, req0.Items)
+
+	// With 1 item.
+	var req1 ptrRequest
+	err = mappingByPtr(&req1, formSource{"items": {`{"key": 1}`}}, "form")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Len(t, req1.Items, 1)
+	assert.EqualValues(t, 1, req1.Items[0].Key)
+
+	// With 2 items.
+	var req2 ptrRequest
+	err = mappingByPtr(&req2, formSource{"items": {`{"key": 1}`, `{"key": 2}`}}, "form")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Len(t, req2.Items, 2)
+	assert.EqualValues(t, 1, req2.Items[0].Key)
+	assert.EqualValues(t, 2, req2.Items[1].Key)
+}
+
 func TestMappingMapField(t *testing.T) {
 	var s struct {
 		M map[string]int
diff --git a/binding/msgpack_test.go b/binding/msgpack_test.go
index 11561c8..df386a6 100644
--- a/binding/msgpack_test.go
+++ b/binding/msgpack_test.go
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
 //go:build !nomsgpack
-// +build !nomsgpack
 
 package binding
 
diff --git a/binding/validate_test.go b/binding/validate_test.go
index 801bd9b..1fc15ff 100644
--- a/binding/validate_test.go
+++ b/binding/validate_test.go
@@ -192,6 +192,30 @@ func TestValidatePrimitives(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "value", str)
 }
 
+type structModifyValidation struct {
+	Integer int
+}
+
+func toZero(sl validator.StructLevel) {
+	var s *structModifyValidation = sl.Top().Interface().(*structModifyValidation)
+	s.Integer = 0
+}
+
+func TestValidateAndModifyStruct(t *testing.T) {
+	// This validates that pointers to structs are passed to the validator
+	// giving us the ability to modify the struct being validated.
+	engine, ok := Validator.Engine().(*validator.Validate)
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+
+	engine.RegisterStructValidation(toZero, structModifyValidation{})
+
+	s := structModifyValidation{Integer: 1}
+	errs := validate(&s)
+
+	assert.Nil(t, errs)
+	assert.Equal(t, s, structModifyValidation{Integer: 0})
+}
+
 // structCustomValidation is a helper struct we use to check that
 // custom validation can be registered on it.
 // The `notone` binding directive is for custom validation and registered later.
diff --git a/context_1.17_test.go b/context_1.17_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 0f8527f..0000000
--- a/context_1.17_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,94 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2021 Gin Core Team. All rights reserved.
-// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT style
-// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
-
-//go:build go1.17
-// +build go1.17
-
-package gin
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"mime/multipart"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
-	"runtime"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-)
-
-type interceptedWriter struct {
-	ResponseWriter
-	b *bytes.Buffer
-}
-
-func (i interceptedWriter) WriteHeader(code int) {
-	i.Header().Del("X-Test")
-	i.ResponseWriter.WriteHeader(code)
-}
-
-func TestContextFormFileFailed17(t *testing.T) {
-	if !isGo117OrGo118() {
-		return
-	}
-	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
-	mw := multipart.NewWriter(buf)
-	defer func(mw *multipart.Writer) {
-		err := mw.Close()
-		if err != nil {
-			assert.Error(t, err)
-		}
-	}(mw)
-	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
-	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest("POST", "/", nil)
-	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", mw.FormDataContentType())
-	c.engine.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20
-	assert.Panics(t, func() {
-		f, err := c.FormFile("file")
-		assert.Error(t, err)
-		assert.Nil(t, f)
-	})
-}
-
-func TestInterceptedHeader(t *testing.T) {
-	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-	c, r := CreateTestContext(w)
-
-	r.Use(func(c *Context) {
-		i := interceptedWriter{
-			ResponseWriter: c.Writer,
-			b:              bytes.NewBuffer(nil),
-		}
-		c.Writer = i
-		c.Next()
-		c.Header("X-Test", "overridden")
-		c.Writer = i.ResponseWriter
-	})
-	r.GET("/", func(c *Context) {
-		c.Header("X-Test", "original")
-		c.Header("X-Test-2", "present")
-		c.String(http.StatusOK, "hello world")
-	})
-	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
-	r.HandleContext(c)
-	// Result() has headers frozen when WriteHeaderNow() has been called
-	// Compared to this time, this is when the response headers will be flushed
-	// As response is flushed on c.String, the Header cannot be set by the first
-	// middleware. Assert this
-	assert.Equal(t, "", w.Result().Header.Get("X-Test"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "present", w.Result().Header.Get("X-Test-2"))
-}
-
-func isGo117OrGo118() bool {
-	version := strings.Split(runtime.Version()[2:], ".")
-	if len(version) >= 2 {
-		x := version[0]
-		y := version[1]
-		if x == "1" && (y == "17" || y == "18") {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
diff --git a/context_1.16_test.go b/context_1.18_test.go
similarity index 66%
rename from context_1.16_test.go
rename to context_1.18_test.go
index 2676050..6118bea 100644
--- a/context_1.16_test.go
+++ b/context_1.18_test.go
@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
 // Use of this source code is governed by a MIT style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
-//go:build !go1.17
-// +build !go1.17
+//go:build !go1.19
 
 package gin
 
@@ -17,15 +16,22 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
 
-func TestContextFormFileFailed16(t *testing.T) {
+func TestContextFormFileFailed18(t *testing.T) {
 	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
 	mw := multipart.NewWriter(buf)
-	mw.Close()
+	defer func(mw *multipart.Writer) {
+		err := mw.Close()
+		if err != nil {
+			assert.Error(t, err)
+		}
+	}(mw)
 	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
 	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest("POST", "/", nil)
 	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", mw.FormDataContentType())
 	c.engine.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20
-	f, err := c.FormFile("file")
-	assert.Error(t, err)
-	assert.Nil(t, f)
+	assert.Panics(t, func() {
+		f, err := c.FormFile("file")
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Nil(t, f)
+	})
 }
diff --git a/context_1.19_test.go b/context_1.19_test.go
index 4b34ea2..dd75325 100644
--- a/context_1.19_test.go
+++ b/context_1.19_test.go
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
 //go:build go1.19
-// +build go1.19
 
 package gin
 
diff --git a/context_test.go b/context_test.go
index 85e0a61..33cc43f 100644
--- a/context_test.go
+++ b/context_test.go
@@ -32,10 +32,12 @@ import (
 
 var _ context.Context = (*Context)(nil)
 
+var errTestRender = errors.New("TestRender")
+
 // Unit tests TODO
 // func (c *Context) File(filepath string) {
 // func (c *Context) Negotiate(code int, config Negotiate) {
-// BAD case: func (c *Context) Render(code int, render render.Render, obj ...interface{}) {
+// BAD case: func (c *Context) Render(code int, render render.Render, obj ...any) {
 // test that information is not leaked when reusing Contexts (using the Pool)
 
 func createMultipartRequest() *http.Request {
@@ -322,6 +324,7 @@ func TestContextCopy(t *testing.T) {
 	c.handlers = HandlersChain{func(c *Context) {}}
 	c.Params = Params{Param{Key: "foo", Value: "bar"}}
 	c.Set("foo", "bar")
+	c.fullPath = "/hola"
 
 	cp := c.Copy()
 	assert.Nil(t, cp.handlers)
@@ -334,6 +337,7 @@ func TestContextCopy(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, cp.Params, c.Params)
 	cp.Set("foo", "notBar")
 	assert.False(t, cp.Keys["foo"] == c.Keys["foo"])
+	assert.Equal(t, cp.fullPath, c.fullPath)
 }
 
 func TestContextHandlerName(t *testing.T) {
@@ -643,25 +647,21 @@ func TestContextBodyAllowedForStatus(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.True(t, true, bodyAllowedForStatus(http.StatusInternalServerError))
 }
 
-type TestPanicRender struct{}
+type TestRender struct{}
 
-func (*TestPanicRender) Render(http.ResponseWriter) error {
-	return errors.New("TestPanicRender")
+func (*TestRender) Render(http.ResponseWriter) error {
+	return errTestRender
 }
 
-func (*TestPanicRender) WriteContentType(http.ResponseWriter) {}
+func (*TestRender) WriteContentType(http.ResponseWriter) {}
 
-func TestContextRenderPanicIfErr(t *testing.T) {
-	defer func() {
-		r := recover()
-		assert.Equal(t, "TestPanicRender", fmt.Sprint(r))
-	}()
+func TestContextRenderIfErr(t *testing.T) {
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)
 
-	c.Render(http.StatusOK, &TestPanicRender{})
+	c.Render(http.StatusOK, &TestRender{})
 
-	assert.Fail(t, "Panic not detected")
+	assert.Equal(t, errorMsgs{&Error{Err: errTestRender, Type: 1}}, c.Errors)
 }
 
 // Tests that the response is serialized as JSON
@@ -1000,7 +1000,7 @@ func TestContextRenderFile(t *testing.T) {
 	c.File("./gin.go")
 
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
-	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "func New() *Engine {")
+	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "func New(opts ...OptionFunc) *Engine {")
 	// Content-Type='text/plain; charset=utf-8' when go version <= 1.16,
 	// else, Content-Type='text/x-go; charset=utf-8'
 	assert.NotEqual(t, "", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
@@ -1014,7 +1014,7 @@ func TestContextRenderFileFromFS(t *testing.T) {
 	c.FileFromFS("./gin.go", Dir(".", false))
 
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
-	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "func New() *Engine {")
+	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "func New(opts ...OptionFunc) *Engine {")
 	// Content-Type='text/plain; charset=utf-8' when go version <= 1.16,
 	// else, Content-Type='text/x-go; charset=utf-8'
 	assert.NotEqual(t, "", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
@@ -1030,10 +1030,24 @@ func TestContextRenderAttachment(t *testing.T) {
 	c.FileAttachment("./gin.go", newFilename)
 
 	assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code)
-	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "func New() *Engine {")
+	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "func New(opts ...OptionFunc) *Engine {")
 	assert.Equal(t, fmt.Sprintf("attachment; filename=\"%s\"", newFilename), w.Header().Get("Content-Disposition"))
 }
 
+func TestContextRenderAndEscapeAttachment(t *testing.T) {
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)
+	maliciousFilename := "tampering_field.sh\"; \\\"; dummy=.go"
+	actualEscapedResponseFilename := "tampering_field.sh\\\"; \\\\\\\"; dummy=.go"
+
+	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
+	c.FileAttachment("./gin.go", maliciousFilename)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "func New() *Engine {")
+	assert.Equal(t, fmt.Sprintf("attachment; filename=\"%s\"", actualEscapedResponseFilename), w.Header().Get("Content-Disposition"))
+}
+
 func TestContextRenderUTF8Attachment(t *testing.T) {
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)
@@ -1043,12 +1057,12 @@ func TestContextRenderUTF8Attachment(t *testing.T) {
 	c.FileAttachment("./gin.go", newFilename)
 
 	assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code)
-	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "func New() *Engine {")
+	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "func New(opts ...OptionFunc) *Engine {")
 	assert.Equal(t, `attachment; filename*=UTF-8''`+url.QueryEscape(newFilename), w.Header().Get("Content-Disposition"))
 }
 
 // TestContextRenderYAML tests that the response is serialized as YAML
-// and Content-Type is set to application/x-yaml
+// and Content-Type is set to application/yaml
 func TestContextRenderYAML(t *testing.T) {
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)
@@ -1057,7 +1071,7 @@ func TestContextRenderYAML(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, w.Code)
 	assert.Equal(t, "foo: bar\n", w.Body.String())
-	assert.Equal(t, "application/x-yaml; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "application/yaml; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
 }
 
 // TestContextRenderTOML tests that the response is serialized as TOML
@@ -1205,7 +1219,7 @@ func TestContextNegotiationWithYAML(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
 	assert.Equal(t, "foo: bar\n", w.Body.String())
-	assert.Equal(t, "application/x-yaml; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "application/yaml; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
 }
 
 func TestContextNegotiationWithTOML(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1311,6 +1325,14 @@ func TestContextNegotiationFormatCustom(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, MIMEJSON, c.NegotiateFormat(MIMEJSON))
 }
 
+func TestContextNegotiationFormat2(t *testing.T) {
+	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
+	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest("POST", "/", nil)
+	c.Request.Header.Add("Accept", "image/tiff-fx")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "", c.NegotiateFormat("image/tiff"))
+}
+
 func TestContextIsAborted(t *testing.T) {
 	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
 	assert.False(t, c.IsAborted())
@@ -1549,6 +1571,12 @@ func TestContextClientIP(t *testing.T) {
 	c.Request.Header.Del("CF-Connecting-IP")
 	assert.Equal(t, "40.40.40.40", c.ClientIP())
 
+	c.engine.TrustedPlatform = PlatformFlyIO
+	assert.Equal(t, "70.70.70.70", c.ClientIP())
+
+	c.Request.Header.Del("Fly-Client-IP")
+	assert.Equal(t, "40.40.40.40", c.ClientIP())
+
 	c.engine.TrustedPlatform = ""
 
 	// no port
@@ -1561,6 +1589,7 @@ func resetContextForClientIPTests(c *Context) {
 	c.Request.Header.Set("X-Forwarded-For", "  20.20.20.20, 30.30.30.30")
 	c.Request.Header.Set("X-Appengine-Remote-Addr", "50.50.50.50")
 	c.Request.Header.Set("CF-Connecting-IP", "60.60.60.60")
+	c.Request.Header.Set("Fly-Client-IP", "70.70.70.70")
 	c.Request.RemoteAddr = "  40.40.40.40:42123 "
 	c.engine.TrustedPlatform = ""
 	c.engine.trustedCIDRs = defaultTrustedCIDRs
@@ -2156,6 +2185,24 @@ func TestRemoteIPFail(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.False(t, trust)
 }
 
+func TestHasRequestContext(t *testing.T) {
+	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
+	assert.False(t, c.hasRequestContext(), "no request, no fallback")
+	c.engine.ContextWithFallback = true
+	assert.False(t, c.hasRequestContext(), "no request, has fallback")
+	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
+	assert.True(t, c.hasRequestContext(), "has request, has fallback")
+	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequestWithContext(nil, "", "", nil) //nolint:staticcheck
+	assert.False(t, c.hasRequestContext(), "has request with nil ctx, has fallback")
+	c.engine.ContextWithFallback = false
+	assert.False(t, c.hasRequestContext(), "has request, no fallback")
+
+	c = &Context{}
+	assert.False(t, c.hasRequestContext(), "no request, no engine")
+	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
+	assert.False(t, c.hasRequestContext(), "has request, no engine")
+}
+
 func TestContextWithFallbackDeadlineFromRequestContext(t *testing.T) {
 	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
 	// enable ContextWithFallback feature flag
@@ -2368,3 +2415,42 @@ func TestCreateTestContextWithRouteParams(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
 	assert.Equal(t, "hello gin", w.Body.String())
 }
+
+type interceptedWriter struct {
+	ResponseWriter
+	b *bytes.Buffer
+}
+
+func (i interceptedWriter) WriteHeader(code int) {
+	i.Header().Del("X-Test")
+	i.ResponseWriter.WriteHeader(code)
+}
+
+func TestInterceptedHeader(t *testing.T) {
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, r := CreateTestContext(w)
+
+	r.Use(func(c *Context) {
+		i := interceptedWriter{
+			ResponseWriter: c.Writer,
+			b:              bytes.NewBuffer(nil),
+		}
+		c.Writer = i
+		c.Next()
+		c.Header("X-Test", "overridden")
+		c.Writer = i.ResponseWriter
+	})
+	r.GET("/", func(c *Context) {
+		c.Header("X-Test", "original")
+		c.Header("X-Test-2", "present")
+		c.String(http.StatusOK, "hello world")
+	})
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
+	r.HandleContext(c)
+	// Result() has headers frozen when WriteHeaderNow() has been called
+	// Compared to this time, this is when the response headers will be flushed
+	// As response is flushed on c.String, the Header cannot be set by the first
+	// middleware. Assert this
+	assert.Equal(t, "", w.Result().Header.Get("X-Test"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "present", w.Result().Header.Get("X-Test-2"))
+}
diff --git a/debug_test.go b/debug_test.go
index abe8b41..2d5e9a5 100644
--- a/debug_test.go
+++ b/debug_test.go
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 package gin
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"html/template"
@@ -13,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"log"
 	"os"
 	"runtime"
+	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import (
 
 // TODO
 // func debugRoute(httpMethod, absolutePath string, handlers HandlersChain) {
-// func debugPrint(format string, values ...interface{}) {
+// func debugPrint(format string, values ...any) {
 
 func TestIsDebugging(t *testing.T) {
 	SetMode(DebugMode)
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ func TestDebugPrintWARNINGDefault(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 	m, e := getMinVer(runtime.Version())
 	if e == nil && m < ginSupportMinGoVer {
-		assert.Equal(t, "[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Now Gin requires Go 1.16+.\n\n[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Creating an Engine instance with the Logger and Recovery middleware already attached.\n\n", re)
+		assert.Equal(t, "[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Now Gin requires Go 1.18+.\n\n[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Creating an Engine instance with the Logger and Recovery middleware already attached.\n\n", re)
 	} else {
 		assert.Equal(t, "[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Creating an Engine instance with the Logger and Recovery middleware already attached.\n\n", re)
 	}
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ func captureOutput(t *testing.T, f func()) string {
 	wg := new(sync.WaitGroup)
 	wg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
-		var buf bytes.Buffer
+		var buf strings.Builder
 		wg.Done()
 		_, err := io.Copy(&buf, reader)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
diff --git a/gin_test.go b/gin_test.go
index 8825ac7..4550a7e 100644
--- a/gin_test.go
+++ b/gin_test.go
@@ -696,3 +696,37 @@ func assertRoutePresent(t *testing.T, gotRoutes RoutesInfo, wantRoute RouteInfo)
 
 func handlerTest1(c *Context) {}
 func handlerTest2(c *Context) {}
+
+func TestNewOptionFunc(t *testing.T) {
+	var fc = func(e *Engine) {
+		e.GET("/test1", handlerTest1)
+		e.GET("/test2", handlerTest2)
+
+		e.Use(func(c *Context) {
+			c.Next()
+		})
+	}
+
+	r := New(fc)
+
+	routes := r.Routes()
+	assertRoutePresent(t, routes, RouteInfo{Path: "/test1", Method: "GET", Handler: "github.com/gin-gonic/gin.handlerTest1"})
+	assertRoutePresent(t, routes, RouteInfo{Path: "/test2", Method: "GET", Handler: "github.com/gin-gonic/gin.handlerTest2"})
+}
+
+func TestWithOptionFunc(t *testing.T) {
+	r := New()
+
+	r.With(func(e *Engine) {
+		e.GET("/test1", handlerTest1)
+		e.GET("/test2", handlerTest2)
+
+		e.Use(func(c *Context) {
+			c.Next()
+		})
+	})
+
+	routes := r.Routes()
+	assertRoutePresent(t, routes, RouteInfo{Path: "/test1", Method: "GET", Handler: "github.com/gin-gonic/gin.handlerTest1"})
+	assertRoutePresent(t, routes, RouteInfo{Path: "/test2", Method: "GET", Handler: "github.com/gin-gonic/gin.handlerTest2"})
+}
diff --git a/githubapi_test.go b/githubapi_test.go
index c6350e8..9276bed 100644
--- a/githubapi_test.go
+++ b/githubapi_test.go
@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@
 package gin
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
 	"math/rand"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"os"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ func TestGithubAPI(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func exampleFromPath(path string) (string, Params) {
-	output := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	output := new(strings.Builder)
 	params := make(Params, 0, 6)
 	start := -1
 	for i, c := range path {
diff --git a/logger_test.go b/logger_test.go
index 7bc1137..6c1814d 100644
--- a/logger_test.go
+++ b/logger_test.go
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@
 package gin
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ func init() {
 }
 
 func TestLogger(t *testing.T) {
-	buffer := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	buffer := new(strings.Builder)
 	router := New()
 	router.Use(LoggerWithWriter(buffer))
 	router.GET("/example", func(c *Context) {})
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ func TestLogger(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestLoggerWithConfig(t *testing.T) {
-	buffer := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	buffer := new(strings.Builder)
 	router := New()
 	router.Use(LoggerWithConfig(LoggerConfig{Output: buffer}))
 	router.GET("/example", func(c *Context) {})
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ func TestLoggerWithConfig(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestLoggerWithFormatter(t *testing.T) {
-	buffer := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	buffer := new(strings.Builder)
 
 	d := DefaultWriter
 	DefaultWriter = buffer
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ func TestLoggerWithFormatter(t *testing.T) {
 func TestLoggerWithConfigFormatting(t *testing.T) {
 	var gotParam LogFormatterParams
 	var gotKeys map[string]any
-	buffer := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	buffer := new(strings.Builder)
 
 	router := New()
 	router.engine.trustedCIDRs, _ = router.engine.prepareTrustedCIDRs()
@@ -310,6 +310,7 @@ func TestColorForStatus(t *testing.T) {
 		return p.StatusCodeColor()
 	}
 
+	assert.Equal(t, white, colorForStatus(http.StatusContinue), "1xx should be white")
 	assert.Equal(t, green, colorForStatus(http.StatusOK), "2xx should be green")
 	assert.Equal(t, white, colorForStatus(http.StatusMovedPermanently), "3xx should be white")
 	assert.Equal(t, yellow, colorForStatus(http.StatusNotFound), "4xx should be yellow")
@@ -382,7 +383,7 @@ func TestErrorLogger(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestLoggerWithWriterSkippingPaths(t *testing.T) {
-	buffer := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	buffer := new(strings.Builder)
 	router := New()
 	router.Use(LoggerWithWriter(buffer, "/skipped"))
 	router.GET("/logged", func(c *Context) {})
@@ -397,7 +398,7 @@ func TestLoggerWithWriterSkippingPaths(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestLoggerWithConfigSkippingPaths(t *testing.T) {
-	buffer := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	buffer := new(strings.Builder)
 	router := New()
 	router.Use(LoggerWithConfig(LoggerConfig{
 		Output:    buffer,
@@ -414,6 +415,26 @@ func TestLoggerWithConfigSkippingPaths(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "")
 }
 
+func TestLoggerWithConfigSkipper(t *testing.T) {
+	buffer := new(strings.Builder)
+	router := New()
+	router.Use(LoggerWithConfig(LoggerConfig{
+		Output: buffer,
+		Skip: func(c *Context) bool {
+			return c.Writer.Status() == http.StatusNoContent
+		},
+	}))
+	router.GET("/logged", func(c *Context) { c.Status(http.StatusOK) })
+	router.GET("/skipped", func(c *Context) { c.Status(http.StatusNoContent) })
+
+	PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/logged")
+	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "200")
+
+	buffer.Reset()
+	PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/skipped")
+	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "")
+}
+
 func TestDisableConsoleColor(t *testing.T) {
 	New()
 	assert.Equal(t, autoColor, consoleColorMode)
diff --git a/recovery_test.go b/recovery_test.go
index 347917e..fa8ab89 100644
--- a/recovery_test.go
+++ b/recovery_test.go
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 package gin
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
@@ -18,7 +17,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestPanicClean(t *testing.T) {
-	buffer := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	buffer := new(strings.Builder)
 	router := New()
 	password := "my-super-secret-password"
 	router.Use(RecoveryWithWriter(buffer))
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@ func TestPanicClean(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestPanicInHandler assert that panic has been recovered.
 func TestPanicInHandler(t *testing.T) {
-	buffer := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	buffer := new(strings.Builder)
 	router := New()
 	router.Use(RecoveryWithWriter(buffer))
 	router.GET("/recovery", func(_ *Context) {
@@ -122,7 +121,7 @@ func TestPanicWithBrokenPipe(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for errno, expectMsg := range expectMsgs {
 		t.Run(expectMsg, func(t *testing.T) {
-			var buf bytes.Buffer
+			var buf strings.Builder
 
 			router := New()
 			router.Use(RecoveryWithWriter(&buf))
@@ -145,8 +144,8 @@ func TestPanicWithBrokenPipe(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCustomRecoveryWithWriter(t *testing.T) {
-	errBuffer := new(bytes.Buffer)
-	buffer := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	errBuffer := new(strings.Builder)
+	buffer := new(strings.Builder)
 	router := New()
 	handleRecovery := func(c *Context, err any) {
 		errBuffer.WriteString(err.(string))
@@ -179,8 +178,8 @@ func TestCustomRecoveryWithWriter(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCustomRecovery(t *testing.T) {
-	errBuffer := new(bytes.Buffer)
-	buffer := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	errBuffer := new(strings.Builder)
+	buffer := new(strings.Builder)
 	router := New()
 	DefaultErrorWriter = buffer
 	handleRecovery := func(c *Context, err any) {
@@ -214,8 +213,8 @@ func TestCustomRecovery(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestRecoveryWithWriterWithCustomRecovery(t *testing.T) {
-	errBuffer := new(bytes.Buffer)
-	buffer := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	errBuffer := new(strings.Builder)
+	buffer := new(strings.Builder)
 	router := New()
 	DefaultErrorWriter = buffer
 	handleRecovery := func(c *Context, err any) {
diff --git a/render/render_msgpack_test.go b/render/render_msgpack_test.go
index 6421236..db4b71e 100644
--- a/render/render_msgpack_test.go
+++ b/render/render_msgpack_test.go
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
 //go:build !nomsgpack
-// +build !nomsgpack
 
 package render
 
diff --git a/render/render_test.go b/render/render_test.go
index 3509db3..145f131 100644
--- a/render/render_test.go
+++ b/render/render_test.go
@@ -8,12 +8,14 @@ import (
 	"encoding/xml"
 	"errors"
 	"html/template"
+	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/internal/json"
 	testdata "github.com/gin-gonic/gin/testdata/protoexample"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
@@ -39,12 +41,12 @@ func TestRenderJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "application/json; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
 }
 
-func TestRenderJSONPanics(t *testing.T) {
+func TestRenderJSONError(t *testing.T) {
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	data := make(chan int)
 
 	// json: unsupported type: chan int
-	assert.Panics(t, func() { assert.NoError(t, (JSON{data}).Render(w)) })
+	assert.Error(t, (JSON{data}).Render(w))
 }
 
 func TestRenderIndentedJSON(t *testing.T) {
@@ -135,6 +137,51 @@ func TestRenderJsonpJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "application/javascript; charset=utf-8", w2.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
 }
 
+type errorWriter struct {
+	bufString string
+	*httptest.ResponseRecorder
+}
+
+var _ http.ResponseWriter = (*errorWriter)(nil)
+
+func (w *errorWriter) Write(buf []byte) (int, error) {
+	if string(buf) == w.bufString {
+		return 0, errors.New(`write "` + w.bufString + `" error`)
+	}
+	return w.ResponseRecorder.Write(buf)
+}
+
+func TestRenderJsonpJSONError(t *testing.T) {
+	ew := &errorWriter{
+		ResponseRecorder: httptest.NewRecorder(),
+	}
+
+	jsonpJSON := JsonpJSON{
+		Callback: "foo",
+		Data: map[string]string{
+			"foo": "bar",
+		},
+	}
+
+	cb := template.JSEscapeString(jsonpJSON.Callback)
+	ew.bufString = cb
+	err := jsonpJSON.Render(ew) // error was returned while writing callback
+	assert.Equal(t, `write "`+cb+`" error`, err.Error())
+
+	ew.bufString = `(`
+	err = jsonpJSON.Render(ew)
+	assert.Equal(t, `write "`+`(`+`" error`, err.Error())
+
+	data, _ := json.Marshal(jsonpJSON.Data) // error was returned while writing data
+	ew.bufString = string(data)
+	err = jsonpJSON.Render(ew)
+	assert.Equal(t, `write "`+string(data)+`" error`, err.Error())
+
+	ew.bufString = `);`
+	err = jsonpJSON.Render(ew)
+	assert.Equal(t, `write "`+`);`+`" error`, err.Error())
+}
+
 func TestRenderJsonpJSONError2(t *testing.T) {
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	data := map[string]any{
@@ -233,12 +280,12 @@ b:
 	d: [3, 4]
 	`
 	(YAML{data}).WriteContentType(w)
-	assert.Equal(t, "application/x-yaml; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "application/yaml; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
 
 	err := (YAML{data}).Render(w)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, "\"\\na : Easy!\\nb:\\n\\tc: 2\\n\\td: [3, 4]\\n\\t\"\n", w.Body.String())
-	assert.Equal(t, "application/x-yaml; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "|4-\n    a : Easy!\n    b:\n    \tc: 2\n    \td: [3, 4]\n    \t\n", w.Body.String())
+	assert.Equal(t, "application/yaml; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
 }
 
 type fail struct{}
@@ -254,6 +301,27 @@ func TestRenderYAMLFail(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Error(t, err)
 }
 
+func TestRenderTOML(t *testing.T) {
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	data := map[string]any{
+		"foo":  "bar",
+		"html": "<b>",
+	}
+	(TOML{data}).WriteContentType(w)
+	assert.Equal(t, "application/toml; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
+
+	err := (TOML{data}).Render(w)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "foo = 'bar'\nhtml = '<b>'\n", w.Body.String())
+	assert.Equal(t, "application/toml; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
+}
+
+func TestRenderTOMLFail(t *testing.T) {
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	err := (TOML{net.IPv4bcast}).Render(w)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}
+
 // test Protobuf rendering
 func TestRenderProtoBuf(t *testing.T) {
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -510,3 +578,16 @@ func TestRenderReaderNoContentLength(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, headers["Content-Disposition"], w.Header().Get("Content-Disposition"))
 	assert.Equal(t, headers["x-request-id"], w.Header().Get("x-request-id"))
 }
+
+func TestRenderWriteError(t *testing.T) {
+	data := []interface{}{"value1", "value2"}
+	prefix := "my-prefix:"
+	r := SecureJSON{Data: data, Prefix: prefix}
+	ew := &errorWriter{
+		bufString:        prefix,
+		ResponseRecorder: httptest.NewRecorder(),
+	}
+	err := r.Render(ew)
+	assert.NotNil(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, `write "my-prefix:" error`, err.Error())
+}
diff --git a/response_writer_test.go b/response_writer_test.go
index 57d163c..964aa30 100644
--- a/response_writer_test.go
+++ b/response_writer_test.go
@@ -30,6 +30,12 @@ func init() {
 	SetMode(TestMode)
 }
 
+func TestResponseWriterUnwrap(t *testing.T) {
+	testWriter := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	writer := &responseWriter{ResponseWriter: testWriter}
+	assert.Same(t, testWriter, writer.Unwrap())
+}
+
 func TestResponseWriterReset(t *testing.T) {
 	testWriter := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	writer := &responseWriter{}
@@ -132,3 +138,51 @@ func TestResponseWriterFlush(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, resp.StatusCode)
 }
+
+func TestResponseWriterStatusCode(t *testing.T) {
+	testWriter := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	writer := &responseWriter{}
+	writer.reset(testWriter)
+	w := ResponseWriter(writer)
+
+	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	w.WriteHeaderNow()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Status())
+	assert.True(t, w.Written())
+
+	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
+
+	// status must be 200 although we tried to change it
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Status())
+}
+
+// mockPusherResponseWriter is an http.ResponseWriter that implements http.Pusher.
+type mockPusherResponseWriter struct {
+	http.ResponseWriter
+}
+
+func (m *mockPusherResponseWriter) Push(target string, opts *http.PushOptions) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+// nonPusherResponseWriter is an http.ResponseWriter that does not implement http.Pusher.
+type nonPusherResponseWriter struct {
+	http.ResponseWriter
+}
+
+func TestPusherWithPusher(t *testing.T) {
+	rw := &mockPusherResponseWriter{}
+	w := &responseWriter{ResponseWriter: rw}
+
+	pusher := w.Pusher()
+	assert.NotNil(t, pusher, "Expected pusher to be non-nil")
+}
+
+func TestPusherWithoutPusher(t *testing.T) {
+	rw := &nonPusherResponseWriter{}
+	w := &responseWriter{ResponseWriter: rw}
+
+	pusher := w.Pusher()
+	assert.Nil(t, pusher, "Expected pusher to be nil")
+}
diff --git a/routergroup_test.go b/routergroup_test.go
index 41f9637..6848063 100644
--- a/routergroup_test.go
+++ b/routergroup_test.go
@@ -186,6 +186,7 @@ func testRoutesInterface(t *testing.T, r IRoutes) {
 	assert.Equal(t, r, r.PUT("/", handler))
 	assert.Equal(t, r, r.OPTIONS("/", handler))
 	assert.Equal(t, r, r.HEAD("/", handler))
+	assert.Equal(t, r, r.Match([]string{http.MethodPut, http.MethodPatch}, "/match", handler))
 
 	assert.Equal(t, r, r.StaticFile("/file", "."))
 	assert.Equal(t, r, r.StaticFileFS("/static2", ".", Dir(".", false)))
diff --git a/routes_test.go b/routes_test.go
index cd8cf14..73f393e 100644
--- a/routes_test.go
+++ b/routes_test.go
@@ -180,10 +180,58 @@ func TestRouteRedirectTrailingSlash(t *testing.T) {
 
 	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/path2", header{Key: "X-Forwarded-Prefix", Value: "/api"})
 	assert.Equal(t, "/api/path2/", w.Header().Get("Location"))
-	assert.Equal(t, 301, w.Code)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMovedPermanently, w.Code)
 
 	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/path2/", header{Key: "X-Forwarded-Prefix", Value: "/api/"})
-	assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+
+	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/path/", header{Key: "X-Forwarded-Prefix", Value: "../../api#?"})
+	assert.Equal(t, "/api/path", w.Header().Get("Location"))
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMovedPermanently, w.Code)
+
+	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/path/", header{Key: "X-Forwarded-Prefix", Value: "../../api"})
+	assert.Equal(t, "/api/path", w.Header().Get("Location"))
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMovedPermanently, w.Code)
+
+	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/path2", header{Key: "X-Forwarded-Prefix", Value: "../../api"})
+	assert.Equal(t, "/api/path2/", w.Header().Get("Location"))
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMovedPermanently, w.Code)
+
+	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/path2", header{Key: "X-Forwarded-Prefix", Value: "/../../api"})
+	assert.Equal(t, "/api/path2/", w.Header().Get("Location"))
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMovedPermanently, w.Code)
+
+	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/path/", header{Key: "X-Forwarded-Prefix", Value: "api/../../"})
+	assert.Equal(t, "//path", w.Header().Get("Location"))
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMovedPermanently, w.Code)
+
+	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/path/", header{Key: "X-Forwarded-Prefix", Value: "api/../../../"})
+	assert.Equal(t, "/path", w.Header().Get("Location"))
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMovedPermanently, w.Code)
+
+	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/path2", header{Key: "X-Forwarded-Prefix", Value: "../../gin-gonic.com"})
+	assert.Equal(t, "/gin-goniccom/path2/", w.Header().Get("Location"))
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMovedPermanently, w.Code)
+
+	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/path2", header{Key: "X-Forwarded-Prefix", Value: "/../../gin-gonic.com"})
+	assert.Equal(t, "/gin-goniccom/path2/", w.Header().Get("Location"))
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMovedPermanently, w.Code)
+
+	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/path/", header{Key: "X-Forwarded-Prefix", Value: "https://gin-gonic.com/#"})
+	assert.Equal(t, "https/gin-goniccom/https/gin-goniccom/path", w.Header().Get("Location"))
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMovedPermanently, w.Code)
+
+	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/path/", header{Key: "X-Forwarded-Prefix", Value: "#api"})
+	assert.Equal(t, "api/api/path", w.Header().Get("Location"))
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMovedPermanently, w.Code)
+
+	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/path/", header{Key: "X-Forwarded-Prefix", Value: "/nor-mal/#?a=1"})
+	assert.Equal(t, "/nor-mal/a1/path", w.Header().Get("Location"))
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMovedPermanently, w.Code)
+
+	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/path/", header{Key: "X-Forwarded-Prefix", Value: "/nor-mal/%2e%2e/"})
+	assert.Equal(t, "/nor-mal/2e2e/path", w.Header().Get("Location"))
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMovedPermanently, w.Code)
 
 	router.RedirectTrailingSlash = false
 
@@ -289,6 +337,45 @@ func TestRouteParamsByNameWithExtraSlash(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "/is/super/great", wild)
 }
 
+// TestRouteParamsNotEmpty tests that context parameters will be set
+// even if a route with params/wildcards is registered after the context
+// initialisation (which happened in a previous requests).
+func TestRouteParamsNotEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	name := ""
+	lastName := ""
+	wild := ""
+	router := New()
+
+	w := PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/test/john/smith/is/super/great")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, w.Code)
+
+	router.GET("/test/:name/:last_name/*wild", func(c *Context) {
+		name = c.Params.ByName("name")
+		lastName = c.Params.ByName("last_name")
+		var ok bool
+		wild, ok = c.Params.Get("wild")
+
+		assert.True(t, ok)
+		assert.Equal(t, name, c.Param("name"))
+		assert.Equal(t, lastName, c.Param("last_name"))
+
+		assert.Empty(t, c.Param("wtf"))
+		assert.Empty(t, c.Params.ByName("wtf"))
+
+		wtf, ok := c.Params.Get("wtf")
+		assert.Empty(t, wtf)
+		assert.False(t, ok)
+	})
+
+	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/test/john/smith/is/super/great")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+	assert.Equal(t, "john", name)
+	assert.Equal(t, "smith", lastName)
+	assert.Equal(t, "/is/super/great", wild)
+}
+
 // TestHandleStaticFile - ensure the static file handles properly
 func TestRouteStaticFile(t *testing.T) {
 	// SETUP file
@@ -427,6 +514,18 @@ func TestRouteNotAllowedEnabled2(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, w.Code)
 }
 
+func TestRouteNotAllowedEnabled3(t *testing.T) {
+	router := New()
+	router.HandleMethodNotAllowed = true
+	router.GET("/path", func(c *Context) {})
+	router.POST("/path", func(c *Context) {})
+	w := PerformRequest(router, http.MethodPut, "/path")
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, w.Code)
+	allowed := w.Header().Get("Allow")
+	assert.Contains(t, allowed, "GET")
+	assert.Contains(t, allowed, "POST")
+}
+
 func TestRouteNotAllowedDisabled(t *testing.T) {
 	router := New()
 	router.HandleMethodNotAllowed = false
@@ -520,11 +619,11 @@ func TestRouterNotFound(t *testing.T) {
 	router = New()
 	router.NoRoute(func(c *Context) {
 		if c.Request.RequestURI == "/login" {
-			c.String(200, "login")
+			c.String(http.StatusOK, "login")
 		}
 	})
 	router.GET("/logout", func(c *Context) {
-		c.String(200, "logout")
+		c.String(http.StatusOK, "logout")
 	})
 	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/login")
 	assert.Equal(t, "login", w.Body.String())
@@ -536,7 +635,7 @@ func TestRouterStaticFSNotFound(t *testing.T) {
 	router := New()
 	router.StaticFS("/", http.FileSystem(http.Dir("/thisreallydoesntexist/")))
 	router.NoRoute(func(c *Context) {
-		c.String(404, "non existent")
+		c.String(http.StatusNotFound, "non existent")
 	})
 
 	w := PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/nonexistent")
@@ -619,12 +718,12 @@ func TestRouteRawPathNoUnescape(t *testing.T) {
 func TestRouteServeErrorWithWriteHeader(t *testing.T) {
 	route := New()
 	route.Use(func(c *Context) {
-		c.Status(421)
+		c.Status(http.StatusMisdirectedRequest)
 		c.Next()
 	})
 
 	w := PerformRequest(route, http.MethodGet, "/NotFound")
-	assert.Equal(t, 421, w.Code)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMisdirectedRequest, w.Code)
 	assert.Equal(t, 0, w.Body.Len())
 }
 
@@ -670,3 +769,22 @@ func TestRouteContextHoldsFullPath(t *testing.T) {
 	w := PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/not-found")
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, w.Code)
 }
+
+func TestEngineHandleMethodNotAllowedCornerCase(t *testing.T) {
+	r := New()
+	r.HandleMethodNotAllowed = true
+
+	base := r.Group("base")
+	base.GET("/metrics", handlerTest1)
+
+	v1 := base.Group("v1")
+
+	v1.GET("/:id/devices", handlerTest1)
+	v1.GET("/user/:id/groups", handlerTest1)
+
+	v1.GET("/orgs/:id", handlerTest1)
+	v1.DELETE("/orgs/:id", handlerTest1)
+
+	w := PerformRequest(r, "GET", "/base/v1/user/groups")
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, w.Code)
+}
diff --git a/testdata/protoexample/any.go b/testdata/protoexample/any.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 2203f33..0000000
--- a/testdata/protoexample/any.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2021 Gin Core Team. All rights reserved.
-// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT style
-// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
-
-//go:build !go1.18
-// +build !go1.18
-
-package protoexample
-
-type any = interface{}
diff --git a/tree_test.go b/tree_test.go
index 2005738..c9b0313 100644
--- a/tree_test.go
+++ b/tree_test.go
@@ -417,6 +417,8 @@ func TestTreeWildcardConflict(t *testing.T) {
 		{"/user_:name", false},
 		{"/id:id", false},
 		{"/id/:id", false},
+		{"/static/*file", false},
+		{"/static/", true},
 	}
 	testRoutes(t, routes)
 }
@@ -893,9 +895,9 @@ func TestTreeInvalidNodeType(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestTreeInvalidParamsType(t *testing.T) {
 	tree := &node{}
-	tree.wildChild = true
-	tree.children = append(tree.children, &node{})
-	tree.children[0].nType = 2
+	// add a child with wildcard
+	route := "/:path"
+	tree.addRoute(route, fakeHandler(route))
 
 	// set invalid Params type
 	params := make(Params, 0)
@@ -904,6 +906,34 @@ func TestTreeInvalidParamsType(t *testing.T) {
 	tree.getValue("/test", &params, getSkippedNodes(), false)
 }
 
+func TestTreeExpandParamsCapacity(t *testing.T) {
+	data := []struct {
+		path string
+	}{
+		{"/:path"},
+		{"/*path"},
+	}
+
+	for _, item := range data {
+		tree := &node{}
+		tree.addRoute(item.path, fakeHandler(item.path))
+		params := make(Params, 0)
+
+		value := tree.getValue("/test", &params, getSkippedNodes(), false)
+
+		if value.params == nil {
+			t.Errorf("Expected %s params to be set, but they weren't", item.path)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if len(*value.params) != 1 {
+			t.Errorf("Wrong number of %s params: got %d, want %d",
+				item.path, len(*value.params), 1)
+			continue
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestTreeWildcardConflictEx(t *testing.T) {
 	conflicts := [...]struct {
 		route        string