Repository: linkerd/linkerd2
Pull request #11970 (2024-01-23 03:48:05)

build(deps): bump smallvec from 1.11.2 to 1.13.1
Bumps [smallvec](https://github.com/servo/rust-smallvec) from 1.11.2 to 1.13.1.
<details>
<summary>Release notes</summary>
<p><em>Sourced from <a href="https://github.com/servo/rust-smallvec/releases">smallvec's releases</a>.</em></p>
<blockquote>
<h2>v1.13.1</h2>
<ul>
<li>Remove the optional <code>get-size</code> feature, to avoid a cyclic dependency (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/servo/rust-smallvec/issues/335">#335</a>).</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Full Changelog</strong>: <a href="https://github.com/servo/rust-smallvec/compare/v1.13.0...v1.13.1">https://github.com/servo/rust-smallvec/compare/v1.13.0...v1.13.1</a></p>
<h2>v1.13.0</h2>
<h2>What's Changed</h2>
<ul>
<li>Impl get_size::GetSize (behind feature flag) by <a href="https://github.com/amandasaurus"><code>@​amandasaurus</code></a> in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/servo/rust-smallvec/pull/335">servo/rust-smallvec#335</a></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Full Changelog</strong>: <a href="https://github.com/servo/rust-smallvec/compare/v1.12.0...v1.13.0">https://github.com/servo/rust-smallvec/compare/v1.12.0...v1.13.0</a></p>
<h2>v1.12.0</h2>
<h2>What's Changed</h2>
<ul>
<li>Add <code>from_const_with_len_unchecked</code> by <a href="https://github.com/Expyron"><code>@​Expyron</code></a> in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/servo/rust-smallvec/pull/329">servo/rust-smallvec#329</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>New Contributors</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/Expyron"><code>@​Expyron</code></a> made their first contribution in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/servo/rust-smallvec/pull/329">servo/rust-smallvec#329</a></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Full Changelog</strong>: <a href="https://github.com/servo/rust-smallvec/compare/v1.11.2...v1.12.0">https://github.com/servo/rust-smallvec/compare/v1.11.2...v1.12.0</a></p>
</blockquote>
</details>
<details>
<summary>Commits</summary>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/servo/rust-smallvec/commit/f8136b8b208f028be1783f0842faea91c2f913fd"><code>f8136b8</code></a> Version 1.13.1</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/servo/rust-smallvec/commit/25f5d910349d7a07a7c60729af22365e17313632"><code>25f5d91</code></a> Revert &quot;Impl get_size::GetSize (behind feature flag)&quot;</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/servo/rust-smallvec/commit/ff0544479f24899c1ae41e39f987ac7cd824f7a3"><code>ff05444</code></a> Version 1.13.0</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/servo/rust-smallvec/commit/38863e83dbc84fc289a7f93c89e091ab454498c3"><code>38863e8</code></a> Impl get_size::GetSize (behind feature flag)</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/servo/rust-smallvec/commit/93b0e20e7cecff656ad4884b0a1dfecbff8f2b7a"><code>93b0e20</code></a> Version 1.12.0</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/servo/rust-smallvec/commit/c638a0b91faabdf78eb0c3dbb2bb826791f96be8"><code>c638a0b</code></a> Add <code>from_const_with_len_unchecked</code></li>
<li>See full diff in <a href="https://github.com/servo/rust-smallvec/compare/v1.11.2...v1.13.1">compare view</a></li>
</ul>
</details>
<br />


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---

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</details>


Patch:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/integration.yml b/.github/workflows/integration.yml
index 2b4bc30c4..c4a3811d7 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/integration.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/integration.yml
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 5
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@b4ffde65f46336ab88eb53be808477a3936bae11
-      - uses: tj-actions/changed-files@62f4729b5df35e6e0e01265fa70a82ccaf196b4b
+      - uses: tj-actions/changed-files@ae82ed4ae04587b665efad2f206578aa6f0e8539
         id: changed
         with:
           files: |
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 5
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@b4ffde65f46336ab88eb53be808477a3936bae11
-      - uses: tj-actions/changed-files@62f4729b5df35e6e0e01265fa70a82ccaf196b4b
+      - uses: tj-actions/changed-files@ae82ed4ae04587b665efad2f206578aa6f0e8539
         id: changed
         with:
           files: |
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 5
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@b4ffde65f46336ab88eb53be808477a3936bae11
-      - uses: tj-actions/changed-files@62f4729b5df35e6e0e01265fa70a82ccaf196b4b
+      - uses: tj-actions/changed-files@ae82ed4ae04587b665efad2f206578aa6f0e8539
         id: changed
         with:
           files: |
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yml b/.github/workflows/release.yml
index 780c8a3ba..af29309f6 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Checkout code
       uses: actions/checkout@b4ffde65f46336ab88eb53be808477a3936bae11
     - name: Log into GCP
-      uses: 'google-github-actions/auth@f6de81663f7788d05bd15bcce18f0e57f23f0846'
+      uses: 'google-github-actions/auth@5a50e581162a13f4baa8916d01180d2acbc04363'
       with:
         credentials_json: ${{ secrets.LINKERD_SITE_TOKEN }}
     - name: Edge Helm chart creation and upload
diff --git a/.github/workflows/rust.yml b/.github/workflows/rust.yml
index 9293796e9..095a10c9b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/rust.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/rust.yml
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ jobs:
     continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.checks == 'advisories' }}
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@b4ffde65f46336ab88eb53be808477a3936bae11
-    - uses: EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny-action@1e59595bed8fc55c969333d08d7817b36888f0c5
+    - uses: EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny-action@1350841d0991444487fd89747f1e39de5349455f
       with:
         command: check ${{ matrix.checks }}
 
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index fac92f84e..3d522a522 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -2120,9 +2120,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "smallvec"
-version = "1.11.2"
+version = "1.13.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4dccd0940a2dcdf68d092b8cbab7dc0ad8fa938bf95787e1b916b0e3d0e8e970"
+checksum = "e6ecd384b10a64542d77071bd64bd7b231f4ed5940fba55e98c3de13824cf3d7"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "socket2"
@@ -2442,11 +2442,10 @@ checksum = "b6bc1c9ce2b5135ac7f93c72918fc37feb872bdc6a5533a8b85eb4b86bfdae52"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.40"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8ce8c33a8d48bd45d624a6e523445fd21ec13d3653cd51f681abf67418f54eb8"
+checksum = "c3523ab5a71916ccf420eebdf5521fcef02141234bbc0b8a49f2fdc4544364ef"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
  "log",
  "pin-project-lite",
  "tracing-attributes",
@@ -2455,20 +2454,20 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing-attributes"
-version = "0.1.23"
+version = "0.1.27"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4017f8f45139870ca7e672686113917c71c7a6e02d4924eda67186083c03081a"
+checksum = "34704c8d6ebcbc939824180af020566b01a7c01f80641264eba0999f6c2b6be7"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 1.0.109",
+ "syn 2.0.43",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing-core"
-version = "0.1.30"
+version = "0.1.32"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "24eb03ba0eab1fd845050058ce5e616558e8f8d8fca633e6b163fe25c797213a"
+checksum = "c06d3da6113f116aaee68e4d601191614c9053067f9ab7f6edbcb161237daa54"
 dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "valuable",
diff --git a/controller/api/destination/endpoint_profile_translator.go b/controller/api/destination/endpoint_profile_translator.go
index fea388e6f..7352a4025 100644
--- a/controller/api/destination/endpoint_profile_translator.go
+++ b/controller/api/destination/endpoint_profile_translator.go
@@ -111,7 +111,12 @@ func (ept *endpointProfileTranslator) Update(address *watcher.Address) error {
 }
 
 func (ept *endpointProfileTranslator) update(address *watcher.Address) {
-	opaquePorts := watcher.GetAnnotatedOpaquePorts(address.Pod, ept.defaultOpaquePorts)
+	var opaquePorts map[uint32]struct{}
+	if address.Pod != nil {
+		opaquePorts = watcher.GetAnnotatedOpaquePorts(address.Pod, ept.defaultOpaquePorts)
+	} else {
+		opaquePorts = watcher.GetAnnotatedOpaquePortsForExternalWorkload(address.ExternalWorkload, ept.defaultOpaquePorts)
+	}
 	endpoint, err := ept.createEndpoint(*address, opaquePorts)
 	if err != nil {
 		ept.log.Errorf("Failed to create endpoint for %s:%d: %s",
@@ -139,7 +144,13 @@ func (ept *endpointProfileTranslator) update(address *watcher.Address) {
 }
 
 func (ept *endpointProfileTranslator) createEndpoint(address watcher.Address, opaquePorts map[uint32]struct{}) (*pb.WeightedAddr, error) {
-	weightedAddr, err := createWeightedAddr(address, opaquePorts, ept.enableH2Upgrade, ept.identityTrustDomain, ept.controllerNS)
+	var weightedAddr *pb.WeightedAddr
+	var err error
+	if address.ExternalWorkload != nil {
+		weightedAddr, err = createWeightedAddrForExternalWorkload(address, opaquePorts)
+	} else {
+		weightedAddr, err = createWeightedAddr(address, opaquePorts, ept.enableH2Upgrade, ept.identityTrustDomain, ept.controllerNS)
+	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -148,6 +159,8 @@ func (ept *endpointProfileTranslator) createEndpoint(address watcher.Address, op
 	// metadata, so it needs to be special-cased.
 	if address.Pod != nil {
 		weightedAddr.MetricLabels["namespace"] = address.Pod.Namespace
+	} else if address.ExternalWorkload != nil {
+		weightedAddr.MetricLabels["namespace"] = address.ExternalWorkload.Namespace
 	}
 
 	return weightedAddr, err
diff --git a/controller/api/destination/endpoint_translator.go b/controller/api/destination/endpoint_translator.go
index 88acf8078..d1018d5f9 100644
--- a/controller/api/destination/endpoint_translator.go
+++ b/controller/api/destination/endpoint_translator.go
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/linkerd/linkerd2/controller/k8s"
 	"github.com/linkerd/linkerd2/pkg/addr"
 	pkgK8s "github.com/linkerd/linkerd2/pkg/k8s"
-	"github.com/linkerd/linkerd2/pkg/util"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/promauto"
 	logging "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
@@ -385,7 +384,7 @@ func (et *endpointTranslator) sendClientAdd(set watcher.AddressSet) {
 				continue
 			}
 		} else if address.ExternalWorkload != nil {
-			opaquePorts = getAnnotatedOpaquePortsForExternalWorkload(address.ExternalWorkload, et.defaultOpaquePorts)
+			opaquePorts = watcher.GetAnnotatedOpaquePortsForExternalWorkload(address.ExternalWorkload, et.defaultOpaquePorts)
 			wa, err = createWeightedAddrForExternalWorkload(address, opaquePorts)
 			if err != nil {
 				et.log.Errorf("Failed to translate ExternalWorkload endpoints to weighted addr: %s", err)
@@ -699,53 +698,3 @@ func getInboundPortFromExternalWorkload(ewSpec *ewv1alpha1.ExternalWorkloadSpec)
 
 	return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to find %s port for given ExternalWorkloadSpec", pkgK8s.ProxyPortName)
 }
-
-// getAnnotatedOpaquePortsForExternalWorkload returns the opaque ports for the external workload given its
-// annotations, or the default opaque ports if it's not annotated
-func getAnnotatedOpaquePortsForExternalWorkload(ew *ewv1alpha1.ExternalWorkload, defaultPorts map[uint32]struct{}) map[uint32]struct{} {
-	if ew == nil {
-		return defaultPorts
-	}
-	annotation, ok := ew.Annotations[pkgK8s.ProxyOpaquePortsAnnotation]
-	if !ok {
-		return defaultPorts
-	}
-	opaquePorts := make(map[uint32]struct{})
-	if annotation != "" {
-		for _, pr := range parseExternalWorkloadOpaquePorts(annotation, ew) {
-			for _, port := range pr.Ports() {
-				opaquePorts[uint32(port)] = struct{}{}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return opaquePorts
-}
-
-func parseExternalWorkloadOpaquePorts(override string, ew *ewv1alpha1.ExternalWorkload) []util.PortRange {
-	portRanges := util.GetPortRanges(override)
-	var values []util.PortRange
-	for _, pr := range portRanges {
-		port, named := isNamedInExternalWorkload(pr, ew)
-		if named {
-			values = append(values, util.PortRange{UpperBound: int(port), LowerBound: int(port)})
-		} else {
-			pr, err := util.ParsePortRange(pr)
-			if err != nil {
-				logging.Warnf("Invalid port range [%v]: %s", pr, err)
-				continue
-			}
-			values = append(values, pr)
-		}
-	}
-	return values
-}
-
-func isNamedInExternalWorkload(pr string, ew *ewv1alpha1.ExternalWorkload) (int32, bool) {
-	for _, p := range ew.Spec.Ports {
-		if p.Name == pr {
-			return p.Port, true
-		}
-	}
-
-	return 0, false
-}
diff --git a/controller/api/destination/external-workload/endpoints_controller.go b/controller/api/destination/external-workload/endpoints_controller.go
index 9646a9bfd..eafbd7ee1 100644
--- a/controller/api/destination/external-workload/endpoints_controller.go
+++ b/controller/api/destination/external-workload/endpoints_controller.go
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ func (ec *EndpointsController) updateService(obj interface{}) {
 	ec.queue.Add(key)
 }
 
-func isReady(ew *ewv1alpha1.ExternalWorkload) bool {
+func IsReady(ew *ewv1alpha1.ExternalWorkload) bool {
 	if len(ew.Status.Conditions) == 0 {
 		return false
 	}
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ func labelsChanged(old, updated *ewv1alpha1.ExternalWorkload) bool {
 // since these are going to influence a change in a service's underlying
 // endpoint slice
 func specChanged(old, updated *ewv1alpha1.ExternalWorkload) bool {
-	if isReady(old) != isReady(updated) {
+	if IsReady(old) != IsReady(updated) {
 		return true
 	}
 
diff --git a/controller/api/destination/server.go b/controller/api/destination/server.go
index 84f94d9d0..d62fb5fe9 100644
--- a/controller/api/destination/server.go
+++ b/controller/api/destination/server.go
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ type (
 
 		config Config
 
-		pods         *watcher.PodWatcher
+		workloads    *watcher.WorkloadWatcher
 		endpoints    *watcher.EndpointsWatcher
 		opaquePorts  *watcher.OpaquePortsWatcher
 		profiles     *watcher.ProfileWatcher
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ func NewServer(
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	pods, err := watcher.NewPodWatcher(k8sAPI, metadataAPI, log, config.DefaultOpaquePorts)
+	workloads, err := watcher.NewWorkloadWatcher(k8sAPI, metadataAPI, log, config.DefaultOpaquePorts)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ func NewServer(
 	srv := server{
 		pb.UnimplementedDestinationServer{},
 		config,
-		pods,
+		workloads,
 		endpoints,
 		opaquePorts,
 		profiles,
@@ -507,11 +507,11 @@ func (s *server) subscribeToEndpointProfile(
 	defer translator.Stop()
 
 	var err error
-	ip, err = s.pods.Subscribe(service, hostname, ip, port, translator)
+	ip, err = s.workloads.Subscribe(service, hostname, ip, port, translator)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	defer s.pods.Unsubscribe(ip, port, translator)
+	defer s.workloads.Unsubscribe(ip, port, translator)
 
 	select {
 	case <-s.shutdown:
diff --git a/controller/api/destination/watcher/endpoints_watcher.go b/controller/api/destination/watcher/endpoints_watcher.go
index e127d59a5..acea2c6f4 100644
--- a/controller/api/destination/watcher/endpoints_watcher.go
+++ b/controller/api/destination/watcher/endpoints_watcher.go
@@ -916,7 +916,7 @@ func (pp *portPublisher) endpointSliceToAddresses(es *discovery.EndpointSlice) A
 					continue
 				}
 
-				err = setToServerProtocolExternalWorkload(pp.k8sAPI, &address, resolvedPort)
+				err = SetToServerProtocolExternalWorkload(pp.k8sAPI, &address, resolvedPort)
 				if err != nil {
 					pp.log.Errorf("failed to set address OpaqueProtocol: %s", err)
 					continue
@@ -1499,7 +1499,7 @@ func SetToServerProtocol(k8sAPI *k8s.API, address *Address, port Port) error {
 
 // setToServerProtocolExternalWorkload sets the address's OpaqueProtocol field based off any
 // Servers that select it and override the expected protocol for ExternalWorkloads.
-func setToServerProtocolExternalWorkload(k8sAPI *k8s.API, address *Address, port Port) error {
+func SetToServerProtocolExternalWorkload(k8sAPI *k8s.API, address *Address, port Port) error {
 	if address.ExternalWorkload == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("endpoint not backed by ExternalWorkload: %s:%d", address.IP, address.Port)
 	}
diff --git a/controller/api/destination/watcher/k8s.go b/controller/api/destination/watcher/k8s.go
index ef698921b..5c4f03800 100644
--- a/controller/api/destination/watcher/k8s.go
+++ b/controller/api/destination/watcher/k8s.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 
+	ext "github.com/linkerd/linkerd2/controller/gen/apis/externalworkload/v1alpha1"
 	"github.com/linkerd/linkerd2/controller/k8s"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
@@ -17,6 +18,8 @@ const (
 	PodIPIndex = "ip"
 	// HostIPIndex is the key for the index based on Host IP of pods with host network enabled
 	HostIPIndex = "hostIP"
+	// ExternalWorkloadIPIndex is the key for the index based on IP of externalworkloads
+	ExternalWorkloadIPIndex = "externalWorkloadIP"
 )
 
 type (
@@ -156,6 +159,25 @@ func InitializeIndexers(k8sAPI *k8s.API) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("could not create an indexer for pods: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	err = k8sAPI.ExtWorkload().Informer().AddIndexers(cache.Indexers{ExternalWorkloadIPIndex: func(obj interface{}) ([]string, error) {
+		ew, ok := obj.(*ext.ExternalWorkload)
+		if !ok {
+			return nil, errors.New("object is not an externalworkload")
+		}
+
+		addrs := []string{}
+		for _, ip := range ew.Spec.WorkloadIPs {
+			for _, port := range ew.Spec.Ports {
+				addrs = append(addrs, net.JoinHostPort(ip.Ip, fmt.Sprintf("%d", port.Port)))
+			}
+		}
+		return addrs, nil
+	}})
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("could not create an indexer for externalworkloads: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -175,6 +197,19 @@ func getIndexedPods(k8sAPI *k8s.API, indexName string, key string) ([]*corev1.Po
 	return pods, nil
 }
 
+func getIndexedExternalWorkloads(k8sAPI *k8s.API, indexName string, key string) ([]*ext.ExternalWorkload, error) {
+	objs, err := k8sAPI.ExtWorkload().Informer().GetIndexer().ByIndex(indexName, key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed getting %s indexed externalworkloads: %w", indexName, err)
+	}
+	workloads := make([]*ext.ExternalWorkload, 0)
+	for _, obj := range objs {
+		workload := obj.(*ext.ExternalWorkload)
+		workloads = append(workloads, workload)
+	}
+	return workloads, nil
+}
+
 func podNotTerminating(pod *corev1.Pod) bool {
 	phase := pod.Status.Phase
 	podTerminated := phase == corev1.PodSucceeded || phase == corev1.PodFailed
diff --git a/controller/api/destination/watcher/pod_watcher.go b/controller/api/destination/watcher/pod_watcher.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 382f0c25d..000000000
--- a/controller/api/destination/watcher/pod_watcher.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,583 +0,0 @@
-package watcher
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/linkerd/linkerd2/controller/gen/apis/server/v1beta2"
-	"github.com/linkerd/linkerd2/controller/k8s"
-	consts "github.com/linkerd/linkerd2/pkg/k8s"
-	"github.com/linkerd/linkerd2/pkg/util"
-	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
-	logging "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
-	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
-	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
-	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/cache"
-)
-
-type (
-	// PodWatcher watches all pods in the cluster. It keeps a map of publishers
-	// keyed by IP and port.
-	PodWatcher struct {
-		defaultOpaquePorts map[uint32]struct{}
-		k8sAPI             *k8s.API
-		metadataAPI        *k8s.MetadataAPI
-		publishers         map[IPPort]*podPublisher
-		log                *logging.Entry
-
-		mu sync.RWMutex
-	}
-
-	// podPublisher represents an ip:port along with the backing pod (if any).
-	// It keeps a list of listeners to be notified whenever the pod or the
-	// associated opaque protocol config changes.
-	podPublisher struct {
-		defaultOpaquePorts map[uint32]struct{}
-		k8sAPI             *k8s.API
-		metadataAPI        *k8s.MetadataAPI
-		ip                 string
-		port               Port
-		pod                *corev1.Pod
-		listeners          []PodUpdateListener
-		metrics            metrics
-		log                *logging.Entry
-
-		mu sync.RWMutex
-	}
-
-	// PodUpdateListener is the interface subscribers must implement.
-	PodUpdateListener interface {
-		Update(*Address) error
-	}
-)
-
-var ipPortVecs = newMetricsVecs("ip_port", []string{"ip", "port"})
-
-func NewPodWatcher(k8sAPI *k8s.API, metadataAPI *k8s.MetadataAPI, log *logging.Entry, defaultOpaquePorts map[uint32]struct{}) (*PodWatcher, error) {
-	pw := &PodWatcher{
-		defaultOpaquePorts: defaultOpaquePorts,
-		k8sAPI:             k8sAPI,
-		metadataAPI:        metadataAPI,
-		publishers:         make(map[IPPort]*podPublisher),
-		log: log.WithFields(logging.Fields{
-			"component": "pod-watcher",
-		}),
-	}
-
-	_, err := k8sAPI.Pod().Informer().AddEventHandler(cache.ResourceEventHandlerFuncs{
-		AddFunc:    pw.addPod,
-		DeleteFunc: pw.deletePod,
-		UpdateFunc: pw.updatePod,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	_, err = k8sAPI.Srv().Informer().AddEventHandler(cache.ResourceEventHandlerFuncs{
-		AddFunc:    pw.updateServers,
-		DeleteFunc: pw.updateServers,
-		UpdateFunc: pw.updateServer,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return pw, nil
-}
-
-// Subscribe notifies the listener on changes on any pod backing the passed
-// host/ip:port or changes to its associated opaque protocol config. If service
-// and hostname are empty then ip should be set and vice-versa. If ip is empty,
-// the corresponding ip is found for the given service/hostname, and returned.
-func (pw *PodWatcher) Subscribe(service *ServiceID, hostname, ip string, port Port, listener PodUpdateListener) (string, error) {
-	if hostname != "" {
-		pw.log.Debugf("Establishing watch on pod %s.%s.%s:%d", hostname, service.Name, service.Namespace, port)
-	} else if service != nil {
-		pw.log.Debugf("Establishing watch on pod %s.%s:%d", service.Name, service.Namespace, port)
-	} else {
-		pw.log.Debugf("Establishing watch on pod %s:%d", ip, port)
-	}
-	pp, err := pw.getOrNewPodPublisher(service, hostname, ip, port)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	pp.subscribe(listener)
-
-	address, err := pp.createAddress()
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	if err = listener.Update(&address); err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to send initial update: %w", err)
-	}
-	pp.metrics.incUpdates()
-
-	return pp.ip, nil
-}
-
-// Subscribe stops notifying the listener on chages on any pod backing the
-// passed ip:port or its associated protocol config
-func (pw *PodWatcher) Unsubscribe(ip string, port Port, listener PodUpdateListener) {
-	pw.mu.Lock()
-	defer pw.mu.Unlock()
-
-	pw.log.Debugf("Stopping watch on %s:%d", ip, port)
-	pp, ok := pw.getPodPublisher(ip, port)
-	if !ok {
-		pw.log.Errorf("Cannot unsubscribe from unknown ip:port [%s:%d]", ip, port)
-		return
-	}
-	pp.unsubscribe(listener)
-
-	if len(pp.listeners) == 0 {
-		delete(pw.publishers, IPPort{pp.ip, pp.port})
-	}
-}
-
-// addPod is an event handler so it cannot block
-func (pw *PodWatcher) addPod(obj any) {
-	pod := obj.(*corev1.Pod)
-	pw.log.Tracef("Added pod %s.%s", pod.Name, pod.Namespace)
-	go pw.submitPodUpdate(pod, false)
-}
-
-// deletePod is an event handler so it cannot block
-func (pw *PodWatcher) deletePod(obj any) {
-	pod, ok := obj.(*corev1.Pod)
-	if !ok {
-		tombstone, ok := obj.(cache.DeletedFinalStateUnknown)
-		if !ok {
-			pw.log.Errorf("Couldn't get object from DeletedFinalStateUnknown %#v", obj)
-			return
-		}
-		pod, ok = tombstone.Obj.(*corev1.Pod)
-		if !ok {
-			pw.log.Errorf("DeletedFinalStateUnknown contained object that is not a Pod %#v", obj)
-			return
-		}
-	}
-	pw.log.Tracef("Deleted pod %s.%s", pod.Name, pod.Namespace)
-	go pw.submitPodUpdate(pod, true)
-}
-
-// updatePod is an event handler so it cannot block
-func (pw *PodWatcher) updatePod(oldObj any, newObj any) {
-	oldPod := oldObj.(*corev1.Pod)
-	newPod := newObj.(*corev1.Pod)
-	if oldPod.DeletionTimestamp == nil && newPod.DeletionTimestamp != nil {
-		// this is just a mark, wait for actual deletion event
-		return
-	}
-
-	oldUpdated := latestUpdated(oldPod.ManagedFields)
-	updated := latestUpdated(newPod.ManagedFields)
-	if !updated.IsZero() && updated != oldUpdated {
-		delta := time.Since(updated)
-		podInformerLag.Observe(delta.Seconds())
-	}
-
-	pw.log.Tracef("Updated pod %s.%s", newPod.Name, newPod.Namespace)
-	go pw.submitPodUpdate(newPod, false)
-}
-
-func (pw *PodWatcher) submitPodUpdate(pod *corev1.Pod, remove bool) {
-	pw.mu.RLock()
-	defer pw.mu.RUnlock()
-
-	submitPod := pod
-	if remove {
-		submitPod = nil
-	}
-
-	for _, container := range pod.Spec.Containers {
-		for _, containerPort := range container.Ports {
-			if containerPort.ContainerPort != 0 {
-				for _, pip := range pod.Status.PodIPs {
-					if pp, ok := pw.getPodPublisher(pip.IP, Port(containerPort.ContainerPort)); ok {
-						pp.updatePod(submitPod)
-					}
-				}
-				if len(pod.Status.PodIPs) == 0 && pod.Status.PodIP != "" {
-					if pp, ok := pw.getPodPublisher(pod.Status.PodIP, Port(containerPort.ContainerPort)); ok {
-						pp.updatePod(submitPod)
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
-			if containerPort.HostPort != 0 {
-				for _, hip := range pod.Status.HostIPs {
-					if pp, ok := pw.getPodPublisher(hip.IP, Port(containerPort.HostPort)); ok {
-						pp.updatePod(submitPod)
-					}
-				}
-				if len(pod.Status.HostIPs) == 0 && pod.Status.HostIP != "" {
-					if pp, ok := pw.getPodPublisher(pod.Status.HostIP, Port(containerPort.HostPort)); ok {
-						pp.updatePod(submitPod)
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (pw *PodWatcher) updateServer(oldObj interface{}, newObj interface{}) {
-	oldServer := oldObj.(*v1beta2.Server)
-	newServer := newObj.(*v1beta2.Server)
-
-	oldUpdated := latestUpdated(oldServer.ManagedFields)
-	updated := latestUpdated(newServer.ManagedFields)
-	if !updated.IsZero() && updated != oldUpdated {
-		delta := time.Since(updated)
-		serverInformerLag.Observe(delta.Seconds())
-	}
-
-	pw.updateServers(newObj)
-}
-
-// updateServer triggers an Update() call to the listeners of the podPublishers
-// whose pod matches the Server's selector. This function is an event handler
-// so it cannot block.
-func (pw *PodWatcher) updateServers(_ any) {
-	pw.mu.RLock()
-	defer pw.mu.RUnlock()
-
-	for _, pp := range pw.publishers {
-		if pp.pod == nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		opaquePorts := GetAnnotatedOpaquePorts(pp.pod, pw.defaultOpaquePorts)
-		_, isOpaque := opaquePorts[pp.port]
-		// if port is annotated to be always opaque we can disregard Server updates
-		if isOpaque {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		go func(pp *podPublisher) {
-			pp.mu.RLock()
-			defer pp.mu.RUnlock()
-
-			updated := false
-			for _, listener := range pp.listeners {
-				// the Server in question doesn't carry information about other
-				// Servers that might target this podPublisher; createAddress()
-				// queries all the relevant Servers to determine the full state
-				addr, err := pp.createAddress()
-				if err != nil {
-					pw.log.Errorf("Error creating address for pod: %s", err)
-					continue
-				}
-				if err = listener.Update(&addr); err != nil {
-					pw.log.Warnf("Error sending update to listener: %s", err)
-					continue
-				}
-				updated = true
-			}
-			if updated {
-				pp.metrics.incUpdates()
-			}
-		}(pp)
-	}
-}
-
-// getOrNewPodPublisher returns the podPublisher for the given target if it
-// exists. Otherwise, it creates a new one and returns it.
-func (pw *PodWatcher) getOrNewPodPublisher(service *ServiceID, hostname, ip string, port Port) (*podPublisher, error) {
-	pw.mu.Lock()
-	defer pw.mu.Unlock()
-
-	var pod *corev1.Pod
-	var err error
-	if hostname != "" {
-		pod, err = pw.getEndpointByHostname(hostname, service)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		ip = pod.Status.PodIP
-	} else {
-		pod, err = pw.getPodByPodIP(ip, port)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		if pod == nil {
-			pod, err = pw.getPodByHostIP(ip, port)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	ipPort := IPPort{ip, port}
-	pp, ok := pw.publishers[ipPort]
-	if !ok {
-		pp = &podPublisher{
-			defaultOpaquePorts: pw.defaultOpaquePorts,
-			k8sAPI:             pw.k8sAPI,
-			metadataAPI:        pw.metadataAPI,
-			ip:                 ip,
-			port:               port,
-			pod:                pod,
-			metrics: ipPortVecs.newMetrics(prometheus.Labels{
-				"ip":   ip,
-				"port": strconv.FormatUint(uint64(port), 10),
-			}),
-			log: pw.log.WithFields(logging.Fields{
-				"component": "pod-publisher",
-				"ip":        ip,
-				"port":      port,
-			}),
-		}
-		pw.publishers[ipPort] = pp
-	}
-	return pp, nil
-}
-
-func (pw *PodWatcher) getPodPublisher(ip string, port Port) (pp *podPublisher, ok bool) {
-	ipPort := IPPort{ip, port}
-	pp, ok = pw.publishers[ipPort]
-	return
-}
-
-// getPodByPodIP returns a pod that maps to the given IP address in the pod network
-func (pw *PodWatcher) getPodByPodIP(podIP string, port uint32) (*corev1.Pod, error) {
-	podIPPods, err := getIndexedPods(pw.k8sAPI, PodIPIndex, podIP)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, status.Error(codes.Unknown, err.Error())
-	}
-	if len(podIPPods) == 1 {
-		pw.log.Debugf("found %s on the pod network", podIP)
-		return podIPPods[0], nil
-	}
-	if len(podIPPods) > 1 {
-		conflictingPods := []string{}
-		for _, pod := range podIPPods {
-			conflictingPods = append(conflictingPods, fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", pod.Namespace, pod.Name))
-		}
-		pw.log.Warnf("found conflicting %s IP on the pod network: %s", podIP, strings.Join(conflictingPods, ","))
-		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.FailedPrecondition, "found %d pods with a conflicting pod network IP %s", len(podIPPods), podIP)
-	}
-
-	pw.log.Debugf("no pod found for %s:%d", podIP, port)
-	return nil, nil
-}
-
-// getPodByHostIP returns a pod that maps to the given IP address in the host
-// network. It must have a container port that exposes `port` as a host port.
-func (pw *PodWatcher) getPodByHostIP(hostIP string, port uint32) (*corev1.Pod, error) {
-	addr := net.JoinHostPort(hostIP, fmt.Sprintf("%d", port))
-	hostIPPods, err := getIndexedPods(pw.k8sAPI, HostIPIndex, addr)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, status.Error(codes.Unknown, err.Error())
-	}
-	if len(hostIPPods) == 1 {
-		pw.log.Debugf("found %s:%d on the host network", hostIP, port)
-		return hostIPPods[0], nil
-	}
-	if len(hostIPPods) > 1 {
-		conflictingPods := []string{}
-		for _, pod := range hostIPPods {
-			conflictingPods = append(conflictingPods, fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", pod.Namespace, pod.Name))
-		}
-		pw.log.Warnf("found conflicting %s:%d endpoint on the host network: %s", hostIP, port, strings.Join(conflictingPods, ","))
-		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.FailedPrecondition, "found %d pods with a conflicting host network endpoint %s:%d", len(hostIPPods), hostIP, port)
-	}
-
-	return nil, nil
-}
-
-// getEndpointByHostname returns a pod that maps to the given hostname (or an
-// instanceID). The hostname is generally the prefix of the pod's DNS name;
-// since it may be arbitrary we need to look at the corresponding service's
-// Endpoints object to see whether the hostname matches a pod.
-func (pw *PodWatcher) getEndpointByHostname(hostname string, svcID *ServiceID) (*corev1.Pod, error) {
-	ep, err := pw.k8sAPI.Endpoint().Lister().Endpoints(svcID.Namespace).Get(svcID.Name)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	for _, subset := range ep.Subsets {
-		for _, addr := range subset.Addresses {
-
-			if hostname == addr.Hostname {
-				if addr.TargetRef != nil && addr.TargetRef.Kind == "Pod" {
-					podName := addr.TargetRef.Name
-					podNamespace := addr.TargetRef.Namespace
-					pod, err := pw.k8sAPI.Pod().Lister().Pods(podNamespace).Get(podName)
-					if err != nil {
-						return nil, err
-					}
-					return pod, nil
-				}
-				return nil, nil
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.NotFound, "no pod found in Endpoints %s/%s for hostname %s", svcID.Namespace, svcID.Name, hostname)
-}
-
-func (pp *podPublisher) subscribe(listener PodUpdateListener) {
-	pp.mu.Lock()
-	defer pp.mu.Unlock()
-
-	pp.listeners = append(pp.listeners, listener)
-	pp.metrics.setSubscribers(len(pp.listeners))
-}
-
-func (pp *podPublisher) unsubscribe(listener PodUpdateListener) {
-	pp.mu.Lock()
-	defer pp.mu.Unlock()
-
-	for i, e := range pp.listeners {
-		if e == listener {
-			n := len(pp.listeners)
-			pp.listeners[i] = pp.listeners[n-1]
-			pp.listeners[n-1] = nil
-			pp.listeners = pp.listeners[:n-1]
-			break
-		}
-	}
-
-	pp.metrics.setSubscribers(len(pp.listeners))
-}
-
-// updatePod creates an Address instance for the given pod, that is passed to
-// the listener's Update() method, only if the pod's readiness state has
-// changed. If the passed pod is nil, it means the pod (still referred to in
-// pp.pod) has been deleted.
-func (pp *podPublisher) updatePod(pod *corev1.Pod) {
-	pp.mu.Lock()
-	defer pp.mu.Unlock()
-
-	// pod wasn't ready or there was no backing pod - check if passed pod is ready
-	if pp.pod == nil {
-		if pod == nil {
-			pp.log.Trace("Pod deletion event already consumed - ignore")
-			return
-		}
-
-		if !isRunningAndReady(pod) {
-			pp.log.Tracef("Pod %s.%s not ready - ignore", pod.Name, pod.Namespace)
-			return
-		}
-
-		pp.log.Debugf("Pod %s.%s became ready", pod.Name, pod.Namespace)
-		pp.pod = pod
-		updated := false
-		for _, l := range pp.listeners {
-			addr, err := pp.createAddress()
-			if err != nil {
-				pp.log.Errorf("Error creating address for pod: %s", err)
-				continue
-			}
-			if err = l.Update(&addr); err != nil {
-				pp.log.Warnf("Error sending update to listener: %s", err)
-				continue
-			}
-			updated = true
-		}
-		if updated {
-			pp.metrics.incUpdates()
-		}
-		return
-	}
-
-	// backing pod becoming unready or getting deleted
-	if pod == nil || !isRunningAndReady(pod) {
-		pp.log.Debugf("Pod %s.%s deleted or it became unready - remove", pp.pod.Name, pp.pod.Namespace)
-		pp.pod = nil
-		updated := false
-		for _, l := range pp.listeners {
-			addr, err := pp.createAddress()
-			if err != nil {
-				pp.log.Errorf("Error creating address for pod: %s", err)
-				continue
-			}
-			if err = l.Update(&addr); err != nil {
-				pp.log.Warnf("Error sending update to listener: %s", err)
-				continue
-			}
-			updated = true
-		}
-		if updated {
-			pp.metrics.incUpdates()
-		}
-		return
-	}
-
-	pp.log.Tracef("Ignored event on pod %s.%s", pod.Name, pod.Namespace)
-}
-
-// createAddress returns an Address instance for the given ip, port and pod. It
-// completes the ownership and opaque protocol information
-func (pp *podPublisher) createAddress() (Address, error) {
-	var ownerKind, ownerName string
-	var err error
-	if pp.pod != nil {
-		ownerKind, ownerName, err = pp.metadataAPI.GetOwnerKindAndName(context.Background(), pp.pod, true)
-		if err != nil {
-			return Address{}, err
-		}
-	}
-
-	address := Address{
-		IP:        pp.ip,
-		Port:      pp.port,
-		Pod:       pp.pod,
-		OwnerName: ownerName,
-		OwnerKind: ownerKind,
-	}
-
-	// Override opaqueProtocol if the endpoint's port is annotated as opaque
-	opaquePorts := GetAnnotatedOpaquePorts(pp.pod, pp.defaultOpaquePorts)
-	if _, ok := opaquePorts[pp.port]; ok {
-		address.OpaqueProtocol = true
-	} else if pp.pod != nil {
-		if err := SetToServerProtocol(pp.k8sAPI, &address, pp.port); err != nil {
-			return Address{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to set address OpaqueProtocol: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return address, nil
-}
-
-// GetAnnotatedOpaquePorts returns the opaque ports for the pod given its
-// annotations, or the default opaque ports if it's not annotated
-func GetAnnotatedOpaquePorts(pod *corev1.Pod, defaultPorts map[uint32]struct{}) map[uint32]struct{} {
-	if pod == nil {
-		return defaultPorts
-	}
-	annotation, ok := pod.Annotations[consts.ProxyOpaquePortsAnnotation]
-	if !ok {
-		return defaultPorts
-	}
-	opaquePorts := make(map[uint32]struct{})
-	if annotation != "" {
-		for _, pr := range util.ParseContainerOpaquePorts(annotation, pod.Spec.Containers) {
-			for _, port := range pr.Ports() {
-				opaquePorts[uint32(port)] = struct{}{}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return opaquePorts
-}
-
-func isRunningAndReady(pod *corev1.Pod) bool {
-	if pod == nil || pod.Status.Phase != corev1.PodRunning {
-		return false
-	}
-	for _, condition := range pod.Status.Conditions {
-		if condition.Type == corev1.PodReady && condition.Status == corev1.ConditionTrue {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-
-	return false
-}
diff --git a/controller/api/destination/watcher/prometheus.go b/controller/api/destination/watcher/prometheus.go
index 014a01dc5..a62d5a5bd 100644
--- a/controller/api/destination/watcher/prometheus.go
+++ b/controller/api/destination/watcher/prometheus.go
@@ -87,6 +87,14 @@ var (
 		},
 	)
 
+	externalWorkloadInformerLag = promauto.NewHistogram(
+		prometheus.HistogramOpts{
+			Name:    "externalworkload_informer_lag_seconds",
+			Help:    "The amount of time between when an ExternalWorkload resource is updated and when an informer observes it",
+			Buckets: informer_lag_seconds_buckets,
+		},
+	)
+
 	serviceProfileInformerLag = promauto.NewHistogram(
 		prometheus.HistogramOpts{
 			Name:    "serviceprofiles_informer_lag_seconds",
diff --git a/controller/api/destination/watcher/workload_watcher.go b/controller/api/destination/watcher/workload_watcher.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4fce08cdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/controller/api/destination/watcher/workload_watcher.go
@@ -0,0 +1,840 @@
+package watcher
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	externalworkload "github.com/linkerd/linkerd2/controller/api/destination/external-workload"
+	ext "github.com/linkerd/linkerd2/controller/gen/apis/externalworkload/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/linkerd/linkerd2/controller/gen/apis/server/v1beta2"
+	"github.com/linkerd/linkerd2/controller/k8s"
+	consts "github.com/linkerd/linkerd2/pkg/k8s"
+	"github.com/linkerd/linkerd2/pkg/util"
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
+	logging "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/cache"
+)
+
+type (
+	// WorkloadWatcher watches all pods and externalworkloads in the cluster.
+	// It keeps a map of publishers keyed by IP and port.
+	WorkloadWatcher struct {
+		defaultOpaquePorts map[uint32]struct{}
+		k8sAPI             *k8s.API
+		metadataAPI        *k8s.MetadataAPI
+		publishers         map[IPPort]*workloadPublisher
+		log                *logging.Entry
+
+		mu sync.RWMutex
+	}
+
+	// workloadPublisher represents an ip:port along with the backing pod
+	// or externalworkload (if any). It keeps a list of listeners to be notified
+	// whenever the workload or the associated opaque protocol config changes.
+	workloadPublisher struct {
+		defaultOpaquePorts map[uint32]struct{}
+		k8sAPI             *k8s.API
+		metadataAPI        *k8s.MetadataAPI
+		ip                 string
+		port               Port
+		pod                *corev1.Pod
+		externalWorkload   *ext.ExternalWorkload
+		listeners          []WorkloadUpdateListener
+		metrics            metrics
+		log                *logging.Entry
+
+		mu sync.RWMutex
+	}
+
+	// PodUpdateListener is the interface subscribers must implement.
+	WorkloadUpdateListener interface {
+		Update(*Address) error
+	}
+)
+
+var ipPortVecs = newMetricsVecs("ip_port", []string{"ip", "port"})
+
+func NewWorkloadWatcher(k8sAPI *k8s.API, metadataAPI *k8s.MetadataAPI, log *logging.Entry, defaultOpaquePorts map[uint32]struct{}) (*WorkloadWatcher, error) {
+	ww := &WorkloadWatcher{
+		defaultOpaquePorts: defaultOpaquePorts,
+		k8sAPI:             k8sAPI,
+		metadataAPI:        metadataAPI,
+		publishers:         make(map[IPPort]*workloadPublisher),
+		log: log.WithFields(logging.Fields{
+			"component": "workload-watcher",
+		}),
+	}
+
+	_, err := k8sAPI.Pod().Informer().AddEventHandler(cache.ResourceEventHandlerFuncs{
+		AddFunc:    ww.addPod,
+		DeleteFunc: ww.deletePod,
+		UpdateFunc: ww.updatePod,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	_, err = k8sAPI.ExtWorkload().Informer().AddEventHandler(cache.ResourceEventHandlerFuncs{
+		AddFunc:    ww.addExternalWorkload,
+		DeleteFunc: ww.deleteExternalWorkload,
+		UpdateFunc: ww.updateExternalWorkload,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	_, err = k8sAPI.Srv().Informer().AddEventHandler(cache.ResourceEventHandlerFuncs{
+		AddFunc:    ww.updateServers,
+		DeleteFunc: ww.updateServers,
+		UpdateFunc: ww.updateServer,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return ww, nil
+}
+
+// Subscribe notifies the listener on changes on any workload backing the passed
+// host/ip:port or changes to its associated opaque protocol config. If service
+// and hostname are empty then ip should be set and vice-versa. If ip is empty,
+// the corresponding ip is found for the given service/hostname, and returned.
+func (ww *WorkloadWatcher) Subscribe(service *ServiceID, hostname, ip string, port Port, listener WorkloadUpdateListener) (string, error) {
+	if hostname != "" {
+		ww.log.Debugf("Establishing watch on workload %s.%s.%s:%d", hostname, service.Name, service.Namespace, port)
+	} else if service != nil {
+		ww.log.Debugf("Establishing watch on workload %s.%s:%d", service.Name, service.Namespace, port)
+	} else {
+		ww.log.Debugf("Establishing watch on workload %s:%d", ip, port)
+	}
+	pp, err := ww.getOrNewWorkloadPublisher(service, hostname, ip, port)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	pp.subscribe(listener)
+
+	address, err := pp.createAddress()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	if err = listener.Update(&address); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to send initial update: %w", err)
+	}
+	pp.metrics.incUpdates()
+
+	return pp.ip, nil
+}
+
+// Subscribe stops notifying the listener on chages on any pod backing the
+// passed ip:port or its associated protocol config
+func (ww *WorkloadWatcher) Unsubscribe(ip string, port Port, listener WorkloadUpdateListener) {
+	ww.mu.Lock()
+	defer ww.mu.Unlock()
+
+	ww.log.Debugf("Stopping watch on %s:%d", ip, port)
+	wp, ok := ww.getWorkloadPublisher(ip, port)
+	if !ok {
+		ww.log.Errorf("Cannot unsubscribe from unknown ip:port [%s:%d]", ip, port)
+		return
+	}
+	wp.unsubscribe(listener)
+
+	if len(wp.listeners) == 0 {
+		delete(ww.publishers, IPPort{wp.ip, wp.port})
+	}
+}
+
+// addPod is an event handler so it cannot block
+func (ww *WorkloadWatcher) addPod(obj any) {
+	pod := obj.(*corev1.Pod)
+	ww.log.Tracef("Added pod %s.%s", pod.Name, pod.Namespace)
+	go ww.submitPodUpdate(pod, false)
+}
+
+// deletePod is an event handler so it cannot block
+func (ww *WorkloadWatcher) deletePod(obj any) {
+	pod, ok := obj.(*corev1.Pod)
+	if !ok {
+		tombstone, ok := obj.(cache.DeletedFinalStateUnknown)
+		if !ok {
+			ww.log.Errorf("Couldn't get object from DeletedFinalStateUnknown %#v", obj)
+			return
+		}
+		pod, ok = tombstone.Obj.(*corev1.Pod)
+		if !ok {
+			ww.log.Errorf("DeletedFinalStateUnknown contained object that is not a Pod %#v", obj)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	ww.log.Tracef("Deleted pod %s.%s", pod.Name, pod.Namespace)
+	go ww.submitPodUpdate(pod, true)
+}
+
+// updatePod is an event handler so it cannot block
+func (ww *WorkloadWatcher) updatePod(oldObj any, newObj any) {
+	oldPod := oldObj.(*corev1.Pod)
+	newPod := newObj.(*corev1.Pod)
+	if oldPod.DeletionTimestamp == nil && newPod.DeletionTimestamp != nil {
+		// this is just a mark, wait for actual deletion event
+		return
+	}
+
+	oldUpdated := latestUpdated(oldPod.ManagedFields)
+	updated := latestUpdated(newPod.ManagedFields)
+	if !updated.IsZero() && updated != oldUpdated {
+		delta := time.Since(updated)
+		podInformerLag.Observe(delta.Seconds())
+	}
+
+	ww.log.Tracef("Updated pod %s.%s", newPod.Name, newPod.Namespace)
+	go ww.submitPodUpdate(newPod, false)
+}
+
+// addExternalWorkload is an event handler so it cannot block
+func (ww *WorkloadWatcher) addExternalWorkload(obj any) {
+	externalWorkload := obj.(*ext.ExternalWorkload)
+	ww.log.Tracef("Added externalworkload %s.%s", externalWorkload.Name, externalWorkload.Namespace)
+	go ww.submitExternalWorkloadUpdate(externalWorkload, false)
+}
+
+// deleteExternalWorkload is an event handler so it cannot block
+func (ww *WorkloadWatcher) deleteExternalWorkload(obj any) {
+	externalWorkload, ok := obj.(*ext.ExternalWorkload)
+	if !ok {
+		tombstone, ok := obj.(cache.DeletedFinalStateUnknown)
+		if !ok {
+			ww.log.Errorf("Couldn't get object from DeletedFinalStateUnknown %#v", obj)
+			return
+		}
+		externalWorkload, ok = tombstone.Obj.(*ext.ExternalWorkload)
+		if !ok {
+			ww.log.Errorf("DeletedFinalStateUnknown contained object that is not an ExternalWorkload %#v", obj)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	ww.log.Tracef("Deleted externalworklod %s.%s", externalWorkload.Name, externalWorkload.Namespace)
+	go ww.submitExternalWorkloadUpdate(externalWorkload, true)
+}
+
+// updateExternalWorkload is an event handler so it cannot block
+func (ww *WorkloadWatcher) updateExternalWorkload(oldObj any, newObj any) {
+	oldExternalWorkload := oldObj.(*ext.ExternalWorkload)
+	newExternalWorkload := newObj.(*ext.ExternalWorkload)
+	if oldExternalWorkload.DeletionTimestamp == nil && newExternalWorkload.DeletionTimestamp != nil {
+		// this is just a mark, wait for actual deletion event
+		return
+	}
+
+	oldUpdated := latestUpdated(oldExternalWorkload.ManagedFields)
+	updated := latestUpdated(newExternalWorkload.ManagedFields)
+	if !updated.IsZero() && updated != oldUpdated {
+		delta := time.Since(updated)
+		externalWorkloadInformerLag.Observe(delta.Seconds())
+	}
+
+	ww.log.Tracef("Updated pod %s.%s", newExternalWorkload.Name, newExternalWorkload.Namespace)
+	go ww.submitExternalWorkloadUpdate(newExternalWorkload, false)
+}
+
+func (ww *WorkloadWatcher) submitPodUpdate(pod *corev1.Pod, remove bool) {
+	ww.mu.RLock()
+	defer ww.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	submitPod := pod
+	if remove {
+		submitPod = nil
+	}
+
+	for _, container := range pod.Spec.Containers {
+		for _, containerPort := range container.Ports {
+			if containerPort.ContainerPort != 0 {
+				for _, pip := range pod.Status.PodIPs {
+					if wp, ok := ww.getWorkloadPublisher(pip.IP, Port(containerPort.ContainerPort)); ok {
+						wp.updatePod(submitPod)
+					}
+				}
+				if len(pod.Status.PodIPs) == 0 && pod.Status.PodIP != "" {
+					if wp, ok := ww.getWorkloadPublisher(pod.Status.PodIP, Port(containerPort.ContainerPort)); ok {
+						wp.updatePod(submitPod)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			if containerPort.HostPort != 0 {
+				for _, hip := range pod.Status.HostIPs {
+					if pp, ok := ww.getWorkloadPublisher(hip.IP, Port(containerPort.HostPort)); ok {
+						pp.updatePod(submitPod)
+					}
+				}
+				if len(pod.Status.HostIPs) == 0 && pod.Status.HostIP != "" {
+					if pp, ok := ww.getWorkloadPublisher(pod.Status.HostIP, Port(containerPort.HostPort)); ok {
+						pp.updatePod(submitPod)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (ww *WorkloadWatcher) submitExternalWorkloadUpdate(externalWorkload *ext.ExternalWorkload, remove bool) {
+	ww.mu.RLock()
+	defer ww.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	submitWorkload := externalWorkload
+	if remove {
+		submitWorkload = nil
+	}
+
+	for _, port := range externalWorkload.Spec.Ports {
+		for _, ip := range externalWorkload.Spec.WorkloadIPs {
+			if wp, ok := ww.getWorkloadPublisher(ip.Ip, Port(port.Port)); ok {
+				wp.updateExternalWorkload(submitWorkload)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (ww *WorkloadWatcher) updateServer(oldObj interface{}, newObj interface{}) {
+	oldServer := oldObj.(*v1beta2.Server)
+	newServer := newObj.(*v1beta2.Server)
+
+	oldUpdated := latestUpdated(oldServer.ManagedFields)
+	updated := latestUpdated(newServer.ManagedFields)
+	if !updated.IsZero() && updated != oldUpdated {
+		delta := time.Since(updated)
+		serverInformerLag.Observe(delta.Seconds())
+	}
+
+	ww.updateServers(newObj)
+}
+
+// updateServer triggers an Update() call to the listeners of the workloadPublishers
+// whose pod matches the Server's podSelector or whose externalworkload matches
+// the Server's externalworkload selection. This function is an event handler
+// so it cannot block.
+func (ww *WorkloadWatcher) updateServers(_ any) {
+	ww.mu.RLock()
+	defer ww.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	for _, wp := range ww.publishers {
+		var opaquePorts map[uint32]struct{}
+		if wp.pod != nil {
+			opaquePorts = GetAnnotatedOpaquePorts(wp.pod, ww.defaultOpaquePorts)
+		} else if wp.externalWorkload != nil {
+			opaquePorts = GetAnnotatedOpaquePortsForExternalWorkload(wp.externalWorkload, ww.defaultOpaquePorts)
+		} else {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		_, isOpaque := opaquePorts[wp.port]
+		// if port is annotated to be always opaque we can disregard Server updates
+		if isOpaque {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		go func(wp *workloadPublisher) {
+			wp.mu.RLock()
+			defer wp.mu.RUnlock()
+
+			updated := false
+			for _, listener := range wp.listeners {
+				// the Server in question doesn't carry information about other
+				// Servers that might target this workloadPublisher; createAddress()
+				// queries all the relevant Servers to determine the full state
+				addr, err := wp.createAddress()
+				if err != nil {
+					ww.log.Errorf("Error creating address for workload: %s", err)
+					continue
+				}
+				if err = listener.Update(&addr); err != nil {
+					ww.log.Warnf("Error sending update to listener: %s", err)
+					continue
+				}
+				updated = true
+			}
+			if updated {
+				wp.metrics.incUpdates()
+			}
+		}(wp)
+	}
+}
+
+// getOrNewWorkloadPublisher returns the workloadPublisher for the given target if it
+// exists. Otherwise, it creates a new one and returns it.
+func (ww *WorkloadWatcher) getOrNewWorkloadPublisher(service *ServiceID, hostname, ip string, port Port) (*workloadPublisher, error) {
+	ww.mu.Lock()
+	defer ww.mu.Unlock()
+
+	var pod *corev1.Pod
+	var externalWorkload *ext.ExternalWorkload
+	var err error
+	if hostname != "" {
+		pod, err = ww.getEndpointByHostname(hostname, service)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		ip = pod.Status.PodIP
+	} else {
+		pod, err = ww.getPodByPodIP(ip, port)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if pod == nil {
+			pod, err = ww.getPodByHostIP(ip, port)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		}
+		if pod == nil {
+			externalWorkload, err = ww.getExternalWorkloadByIP(ip, port)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	ipPort := IPPort{ip, port}
+	wp, ok := ww.publishers[ipPort]
+	if !ok {
+		wp = &workloadPublisher{
+			defaultOpaquePorts: ww.defaultOpaquePorts,
+			k8sAPI:             ww.k8sAPI,
+			metadataAPI:        ww.metadataAPI,
+			ip:                 ip,
+			port:               port,
+			pod:                pod,
+			externalWorkload:   externalWorkload,
+			metrics: ipPortVecs.newMetrics(prometheus.Labels{
+				"ip":   ip,
+				"port": strconv.FormatUint(uint64(port), 10),
+			}),
+			log: ww.log.WithFields(logging.Fields{
+				"component": "workload-publisher",
+				"ip":        ip,
+				"port":      port,
+			}),
+		}
+		ww.publishers[ipPort] = wp
+	}
+	return wp, nil
+}
+
+func (ww *WorkloadWatcher) getWorkloadPublisher(ip string, port Port) (wp *workloadPublisher, ok bool) {
+	ipPort := IPPort{ip, port}
+	wp, ok = ww.publishers[ipPort]
+	return
+}
+
+// getPodByPodIP returns a pod that maps to the given IP address in the pod network
+func (ww *WorkloadWatcher) getPodByPodIP(podIP string, port uint32) (*corev1.Pod, error) {
+	podIPPods, err := getIndexedPods(ww.k8sAPI, PodIPIndex, podIP)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, status.Error(codes.Unknown, err.Error())
+	}
+	if len(podIPPods) == 1 {
+		ww.log.Debugf("found %s on the pod network", podIP)
+		return podIPPods[0], nil
+	}
+	if len(podIPPods) > 1 {
+		conflictingPods := []string{}
+		for _, pod := range podIPPods {
+			conflictingPods = append(conflictingPods, fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", pod.Namespace, pod.Name))
+		}
+		ww.log.Warnf("found conflicting %s IP on the pod network: %s", podIP, strings.Join(conflictingPods, ","))
+		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.FailedPrecondition, "found %d pods with a conflicting pod network IP %s", len(podIPPods), podIP)
+	}
+
+	ww.log.Debugf("no pod found for %s:%d", podIP, port)
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// getPodByHostIP returns a pod that maps to the given IP address in the host
+// network. It must have a container port that exposes `port` as a host port.
+func (ww *WorkloadWatcher) getPodByHostIP(hostIP string, port uint32) (*corev1.Pod, error) {
+	addr := net.JoinHostPort(hostIP, fmt.Sprintf("%d", port))
+	hostIPPods, err := getIndexedPods(ww.k8sAPI, HostIPIndex, addr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, status.Error(codes.Unknown, err.Error())
+	}
+	if len(hostIPPods) == 1 {
+		ww.log.Debugf("found %s:%d on the host network", hostIP, port)
+		return hostIPPods[0], nil
+	}
+	if len(hostIPPods) > 1 {
+		conflictingPods := []string{}
+		for _, pod := range hostIPPods {
+			conflictingPods = append(conflictingPods, fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", pod.Namespace, pod.Name))
+		}
+		ww.log.Warnf("found conflicting %s:%d endpoint on the host network: %s", hostIP, port, strings.Join(conflictingPods, ","))
+		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.FailedPrecondition, "found %d pods with a conflicting host network endpoint %s:%d", len(hostIPPods), hostIP, port)
+	}
+
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// getExternalWorkloadByIP returns an externalworkload with the given IP
+// address.
+func (ww *WorkloadWatcher) getExternalWorkloadByIP(ip string, port uint32) (*ext.ExternalWorkload, error) {
+	addr := net.JoinHostPort(ip, fmt.Sprintf("%d", port))
+	workloads, err := getIndexedExternalWorkloads(ww.k8sAPI, ExternalWorkloadIPIndex, addr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, status.Error(codes.Unknown, err.Error())
+	}
+	if len(workloads) == 0 {
+		ww.log.Debugf("no externalworkload found for %s:%d", ip, port)
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	if len(workloads) == 1 {
+		ww.log.Debugf("found externalworkload %s:%d", ip, port)
+		return workloads[0], nil
+	}
+	if len(workloads) > 1 {
+		conflictingWorkloads := []string{}
+		for _, ew := range workloads {
+			conflictingWorkloads = append(conflictingWorkloads, fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", ew.Namespace, ew.Name))
+		}
+		ww.log.Warnf("found conflicting %s:%d externalworkload: %s", ip, port, strings.Join(conflictingWorkloads, ","))
+		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.FailedPrecondition, "found %d externalworkloads with a conflicting ip %s:%d", len(workloads), ip, port)
+	}
+
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// getEndpointByHostname returns a pod that maps to the given hostname (or an
+// instanceID). The hostname is generally the prefix of the pod's DNS name;
+// since it may be arbitrary we need to look at the corresponding service's
+// Endpoints object to see whether the hostname matches a pod.
+func (ww *WorkloadWatcher) getEndpointByHostname(hostname string, svcID *ServiceID) (*corev1.Pod, error) {
+	ep, err := ww.k8sAPI.Endpoint().Lister().Endpoints(svcID.Namespace).Get(svcID.Name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	for _, subset := range ep.Subsets {
+		for _, addr := range subset.Addresses {
+
+			if hostname == addr.Hostname {
+				if addr.TargetRef != nil && addr.TargetRef.Kind == "Pod" {
+					podName := addr.TargetRef.Name
+					podNamespace := addr.TargetRef.Namespace
+					pod, err := ww.k8sAPI.Pod().Lister().Pods(podNamespace).Get(podName)
+					if err != nil {
+						return nil, err
+					}
+					return pod, nil
+				}
+				return nil, nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.NotFound, "no pod found in Endpoints %s/%s for hostname %s", svcID.Namespace, svcID.Name, hostname)
+}
+
+func (wp *workloadPublisher) subscribe(listener WorkloadUpdateListener) {
+	wp.mu.Lock()
+	defer wp.mu.Unlock()
+
+	wp.listeners = append(wp.listeners, listener)
+	wp.metrics.setSubscribers(len(wp.listeners))
+}
+
+func (wp *workloadPublisher) unsubscribe(listener WorkloadUpdateListener) {
+	wp.mu.Lock()
+	defer wp.mu.Unlock()
+
+	for i, e := range wp.listeners {
+		if e == listener {
+			n := len(wp.listeners)
+			wp.listeners[i] = wp.listeners[n-1]
+			wp.listeners[n-1] = nil
+			wp.listeners = wp.listeners[:n-1]
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	wp.metrics.setSubscribers(len(wp.listeners))
+}
+
+// updatePod creates an Address instance for the given pod, that is passed to
+// the listener's Update() method, only if the pod's readiness state has
+// changed. If the passed pod is nil, it means the pod (still referred to in
+// wp.pod) has been deleted.
+func (wp *workloadPublisher) updatePod(pod *corev1.Pod) {
+	wp.mu.Lock()
+	defer wp.mu.Unlock()
+
+	// pod wasn't ready or there was no backing pod - check if passed pod is ready
+	if wp.pod == nil {
+		if pod == nil {
+			wp.log.Trace("Pod deletion event already consumed - ignore")
+			return
+		}
+
+		if !isRunningAndReady(pod) {
+			wp.log.Tracef("Pod %s.%s not ready - ignore", pod.Name, pod.Namespace)
+			return
+		}
+
+		wp.log.Debugf("Pod %s.%s became ready", pod.Name, pod.Namespace)
+		wp.pod = pod
+		updated := false
+		for _, l := range wp.listeners {
+			addr, err := wp.createAddress()
+			if err != nil {
+				wp.log.Errorf("Error creating address for pod: %s", err)
+				continue
+			}
+			if err = l.Update(&addr); err != nil {
+				wp.log.Warnf("Error sending update to listener: %s", err)
+				continue
+			}
+			updated = true
+		}
+		if updated {
+			wp.metrics.incUpdates()
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	// backing pod becoming unready or getting deleted
+	if pod == nil || !isRunningAndReady(pod) {
+		wp.log.Debugf("Pod %s.%s deleted or it became unready - remove", wp.pod.Name, wp.pod.Namespace)
+		wp.pod = nil
+		updated := false
+		for _, l := range wp.listeners {
+			addr, err := wp.createAddress()
+			if err != nil {
+				wp.log.Errorf("Error creating address for pod: %s", err)
+				continue
+			}
+			if err = l.Update(&addr); err != nil {
+				wp.log.Warnf("Error sending update to listener: %s", err)
+				continue
+			}
+			updated = true
+		}
+		if updated {
+			wp.metrics.incUpdates()
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	wp.log.Tracef("Ignored event on pod %s.%s", pod.Name, pod.Namespace)
+}
+
+// updateExternalWorkload creates an Address instance for the given externalworkload,
+// that is passed to the listener's Update() method, only if the workload's
+// readiness state has changed. If the passed workload is nil, it means the
+// workload (still referred to in wp.externalWorkload) has been deleted.
+func (wp *workloadPublisher) updateExternalWorkload(externalWorkload *ext.ExternalWorkload) {
+	wp.mu.Lock()
+	defer wp.mu.Unlock()
+
+	// externalWorkload wasn't ready or there was no backing externalWorkload.
+	// check if passed externalWorkload is ready
+	if wp.externalWorkload == nil {
+		if externalWorkload == nil {
+			wp.log.Trace("ExternalWorkload deletion event already consumed - ignore")
+			return
+		}
+
+		if !externalworkload.IsReady(externalWorkload) {
+			wp.log.Tracef("ExternalWorkload %s.%s not ready - ignore", externalWorkload.Name, externalWorkload.Namespace)
+			return
+		}
+
+		wp.log.Debugf("ExternalWorkload %s.%s became ready", externalWorkload.Name, externalWorkload.Namespace)
+		wp.externalWorkload = externalWorkload
+		updated := false
+		for _, l := range wp.listeners {
+			addr, err := wp.createAddress()
+			if err != nil {
+				wp.log.Errorf("Error creating address for externalWorkload: %s", err)
+				continue
+			}
+			if err = l.Update(&addr); err != nil {
+				wp.log.Warnf("Error sending update to listener: %s", err)
+				continue
+			}
+			updated = true
+		}
+		if updated {
+			wp.metrics.incUpdates()
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	// backing pod becoming unready or getting deleted
+	if externalWorkload == nil || !externalworkload.IsReady(externalWorkload) {
+		wp.log.Debugf("ExternalWorkload %s.%s deleted or it became unready - remove", wp.externalWorkload.Name, wp.externalWorkload.Namespace)
+		wp.externalWorkload = nil
+		updated := false
+		for _, l := range wp.listeners {
+			addr, err := wp.createAddress()
+			if err != nil {
+				wp.log.Errorf("Error creating address for pod: %s", err)
+				continue
+			}
+			if err = l.Update(&addr); err != nil {
+				wp.log.Warnf("Error sending update to listener: %s", err)
+				continue
+			}
+			updated = true
+		}
+		if updated {
+			wp.metrics.incUpdates()
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	wp.log.Tracef("Ignored event on externalWorkload %s.%s", externalWorkload.Name, externalWorkload.Namespace)
+}
+
+// createAddress returns an Address instance for the given ip, port and workload. It
+// completes the ownership and opaque protocol information
+func (wp *workloadPublisher) createAddress() (Address, error) {
+	var ownerKind, ownerName string
+	var err error
+	if wp.pod != nil {
+		ownerKind, ownerName, err = wp.metadataAPI.GetOwnerKindAndName(context.Background(), wp.pod, true)
+		if err != nil {
+			return Address{}, err
+		}
+	} else if wp.externalWorkload != nil {
+		if len(wp.externalWorkload.GetOwnerReferences()) == 1 {
+			ownerKind = wp.externalWorkload.GetOwnerReferences()[0].Kind
+			ownerName = wp.externalWorkload.GetOwnerReferences()[0].Name
+		}
+	}
+
+	address := Address{
+		IP:               wp.ip,
+		Port:             wp.port,
+		Pod:              wp.pod,
+		ExternalWorkload: wp.externalWorkload,
+		OwnerName:        ownerName,
+		OwnerKind:        ownerKind,
+	}
+
+	// Override opaqueProtocol if the endpoint's port is annotated as opaque
+	if wp.pod != nil {
+		opaquePorts := GetAnnotatedOpaquePorts(wp.pod, wp.defaultOpaquePorts)
+		if _, ok := opaquePorts[wp.port]; ok {
+			address.OpaqueProtocol = true
+		} else {
+			if err := SetToServerProtocol(wp.k8sAPI, &address, wp.port); err != nil {
+				return Address{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to set address OpaqueProtocol: %w", err)
+			}
+		}
+	} else if wp.externalWorkload != nil {
+		opaquePorts := GetAnnotatedOpaquePortsForExternalWorkload(wp.externalWorkload, wp.defaultOpaquePorts)
+		if _, ok := opaquePorts[wp.port]; ok {
+			address.OpaqueProtocol = true
+		} else {
+			if err := SetToServerProtocolExternalWorkload(wp.k8sAPI, &address, wp.port); err != nil {
+				return Address{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to set address OpaqueProtocol: %w", err)
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		if _, ok := wp.defaultOpaquePorts[wp.port]; ok {
+			address.OpaqueProtocol = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return address, nil
+}
+
+// GetAnnotatedOpaquePorts returns the opaque ports for the pod given its
+// annotations, or the default opaque ports if it's not annotated
+func GetAnnotatedOpaquePorts(pod *corev1.Pod, defaultPorts map[uint32]struct{}) map[uint32]struct{} {
+	if pod == nil {
+		return defaultPorts
+	}
+	annotation, ok := pod.Annotations[consts.ProxyOpaquePortsAnnotation]
+	if !ok {
+		return defaultPorts
+	}
+	opaquePorts := make(map[uint32]struct{})
+	if annotation != "" {
+		for _, pr := range util.ParseContainerOpaquePorts(annotation, pod.Spec.Containers) {
+			for _, port := range pr.Ports() {
+				opaquePorts[uint32(port)] = struct{}{}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return opaquePorts
+}
+
+// GetAnnotatedOpaquePortsForExternalWorkload returns the opaque ports for the external workload given its
+// annotations, or the default opaque ports if it's not annotated
+func GetAnnotatedOpaquePortsForExternalWorkload(ew *ext.ExternalWorkload, defaultPorts map[uint32]struct{}) map[uint32]struct{} {
+	if ew == nil {
+		return defaultPorts
+	}
+	annotation, ok := ew.Annotations[consts.ProxyOpaquePortsAnnotation]
+	if !ok {
+		return defaultPorts
+	}
+	opaquePorts := make(map[uint32]struct{})
+	if annotation != "" {
+		for _, pr := range parseExternalWorkloadOpaquePorts(annotation, ew) {
+			for _, port := range pr.Ports() {
+				opaquePorts[uint32(port)] = struct{}{}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return opaquePorts
+}
+
+func parseExternalWorkloadOpaquePorts(override string, ew *ext.ExternalWorkload) []util.PortRange {
+	portRanges := util.GetPortRanges(override)
+	var values []util.PortRange
+	for _, pr := range portRanges {
+		port, named := isNamedInExternalWorkload(pr, ew)
+		if named {
+			values = append(values, util.PortRange{UpperBound: int(port), LowerBound: int(port)})
+		} else {
+			pr, err := util.ParsePortRange(pr)
+			if err != nil {
+				logging.Warnf("Invalid port range [%v]: %s", pr, err)
+				continue
+			}
+			values = append(values, pr)
+		}
+	}
+	return values
+}
+
+func isNamedInExternalWorkload(pr string, ew *ext.ExternalWorkload) (int32, bool) {
+	for _, p := range ew.Spec.Ports {
+		if p.Name == pr {
+			return p.Port, true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0, false
+}
+
+func isRunningAndReady(pod *corev1.Pod) bool {
+	if pod == nil || pod.Status.Phase != corev1.PodRunning {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, condition := range pod.Status.Conditions {
+		if condition.Type == corev1.PodReady && condition.Status == corev1.ConditionTrue {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
diff --git a/policy-controller/k8s/status/Cargo.toml b/policy-controller/k8s/status/Cargo.toml
index c29cdf720..f03d8f866 100644
--- a/policy-controller/k8s/status/Cargo.toml
+++ b/policy-controller/k8s/status/Cargo.toml
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ parking_lot = "0.12"
 serde_json = "1.0.109"
 thiserror = "1"
 tokio = { version = "1", features = ["macros"] }
-tracing = "0.1.37"
+tracing = "0.1.40"
 
 [dev-dependencies.tokio]
 version = "1"


Test patch:
diff --git a/controller/api/destination/server_test.go b/controller/api/destination/server_test.go
index 5265804d9..0cb2dfcb5 100644
--- a/controller/api/destination/server_test.go
+++ b/controller/api/destination/server_test.go
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ const podIPPolicy = "172.17.0.16"
 const podIPStatefulSet = "172.17.13.15"
 const externalIP = "192.168.1.20"
 const externalIPv6 = "2001:db8::78"
+const externalWorkloadIP = "200.1.1.1"
+const externalWorkloadIPPolicy = "200.1.1.2"
 const port uint32 = 8989
 const opaquePort uint32 = 4242
 const skippedPort uint32 = 24224
@@ -405,6 +407,47 @@ func TestGetProfiles(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 
+	t.Run("Return profile with endpoint when using externalworkload IP", func(t *testing.T) {
+		server := makeServer(t)
+		defer server.clusterStore.UnregisterGauges()
+
+		stream := profileStream(t, server, externalWorkloadIP, port, "ns:ns")
+		defer stream.Cancel()
+
+		epAddr, err := toAddress(externalWorkloadIP, port)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Got error: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		// An explanation for why we expect 1 to 3 updates is in test cases
+		// above
+		updates := stream.Updates()
+		if len(updates) == 0 || len(updates) > 3 {
+			t.Fatalf("Expected 1 to 3 updates but got %d: %v", len(updates), updates)
+		}
+
+		first := updates[0]
+		if first.Endpoint == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Expected response to have endpoint field")
+		}
+		if first.OpaqueProtocol {
+			t.Fatalf("Expected port %d to not be an opaque protocol, but it was", port)
+		}
+		_, exists := first.Endpoint.MetricLabels["namespace"]
+		if !exists {
+			t.Fatalf("Expected 'namespace' metric label to exist but it did not %v", first.Endpoint)
+		}
+		if first.GetEndpoint().GetProtocolHint() == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Expected protocol hint but found none")
+		}
+		if first.GetEndpoint().GetProtocolHint().GetOpaqueTransport() != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Expected externalworkload to not support opaque traffic on port %d", port)
+		}
+		if first.Endpoint.Addr.String() != epAddr.String() {
+			t.Fatalf("Expected endpoint IP to be %s, but it was %s", epAddr.Ip, first.Endpoint.Addr.Ip)
+		}
+	})
+
 	t.Run("Return default profile when IP does not map to service or pod", func(t *testing.T) {
 		server := makeServer(t)
 		defer server.clusterStore.UnregisterGauges()
@@ -558,6 +601,47 @@ func TestGetProfiles(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 
+	t.Run("Return opaque protocol profile with endpoint when using externalworkload IP and opaque protocol port", func(t *testing.T) {
+		server := makeServer(t)
+		defer server.clusterStore.UnregisterGauges()
+
+		stream := profileStream(t, server, externalWorkloadIP, opaquePort, "")
+		defer stream.Cancel()
+
+		epAddr, err := toAddress(externalWorkloadIP, opaquePort)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Got error: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		// An explanation for why we expect 1 to 3 updates is in test cases
+		// above
+		updates := stream.Updates()
+		if len(updates) == 0 || len(updates) > 3 {
+			t.Fatalf("Expected 1 to 3 updates but got %d: %v", len(updates), updates)
+		}
+
+		profile := assertSingleProfile(t, updates)
+		if profile.Endpoint == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Expected response to have endpoint field")
+		}
+		if !profile.OpaqueProtocol {
+			t.Fatalf("Expected port %d to be an opaque protocol, but it was not", opaquePort)
+		}
+		_, exists := profile.Endpoint.MetricLabels["namespace"]
+		if !exists {
+			t.Fatalf("Expected 'namespace' metric label to exist but it did not")
+		}
+		if profile.Endpoint.ProtocolHint == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Expected protocol hint but found none")
+		}
+		if profile.Endpoint.GetProtocolHint().GetOpaqueTransport().GetInboundPort() != 4143 {
+			t.Fatalf("Expected pod to support opaque traffic on port 4143")
+		}
+		if profile.Endpoint.Addr.String() != epAddr.String() {
+			t.Fatalf("Expected endpoint IP port to be %d, but it was %d", epAddr.Port, profile.Endpoint.Addr.Port)
+		}
+	})
+
 	t.Run("Return profile with opaque protocol when using Pod IP selected by a Server", func(t *testing.T) {
 		server := makeServer(t)
 		defer server.clusterStore.UnregisterGauges()
@@ -579,6 +663,27 @@ func TestGetProfiles(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 
+	t.Run("Return profile with opaque protocol when using externalworkload IP selected by a Server", func(t *testing.T) {
+		server := makeServer(t)
+		defer server.clusterStore.UnregisterGauges()
+
+		stream := profileStream(t, server, externalWorkloadIPPolicy, 80, "")
+		defer stream.Cancel()
+		profile := assertSingleProfile(t, stream.Updates())
+		if profile.Endpoint == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Expected response to have endpoint field")
+		}
+		if !profile.OpaqueProtocol {
+			t.Fatalf("Expected port %d to be an opaque protocol, but it was not", 80)
+		}
+		if profile.Endpoint.GetProtocolHint() == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Expected protocol hint but found none")
+		}
+		if profile.Endpoint.GetProtocolHint().GetOpaqueTransport().GetInboundPort() != 4143 {
+			t.Fatalf("Expected pod to support opaque traffic on port 4143")
+		}
+	})
+
 	t.Run("Return profile with opaque protocol when using an opaque port with an external IP", func(t *testing.T) {
 		server := makeServer(t)
 		defer server.clusterStore.UnregisterGauges()
diff --git a/controller/api/destination/test_util.go b/controller/api/destination/test_util.go
index d0e796128..f27e8e34a 100644
--- a/controller/api/destination/test_util.go
+++ b/controller/api/destination/test_util.go
@@ -337,6 +337,9 @@ spec:
   podSelector:
     matchLabels:
       app: policy-test
+  externalWorkloadSelector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app: external-workload-policy-test
   port: 80
   proxyProtocol: opaque`,
 	}
@@ -445,6 +448,51 @@ spec:
   - port: 80`,
 	}
 
+	externalWorkloads := []string{`
+apiVersion: workload.linkerd.io/v1alpha1
+kind: ExternalWorkload
+metadata:
+  name: my-cool-workload
+  namespace: ns
+  annotations:
+    config.linkerd.io/opaque-ports: "4242"
+spec:
+  meshTls:
+    identity: spiffe://some-domain/cool
+    serverName: server.local
+  workloadIPs:
+  - ip: 200.1.1.1
+  ports:
+  - port: 8989
+  - port: 4242
+  - name: linkerd-proxy
+    port: 4143
+status:
+  conditions:
+  ready: true`,
+		`
+apiVersion: workload.linkerd.io/v1alpha1
+kind: ExternalWorkload
+metadata:
+  name: policy-test-workload
+  namespace: ns
+  labels:
+    app: external-workload-policy-test
+spec:
+  meshTls:
+    identity: spiffe://some-domain/cool
+    serverName: server.local
+  workloadIPs:
+  - ip: 200.1.1.2
+  ports:
+  - port: 80
+  - name: linkerd-proxy
+    port: 4143
+status:
+  conditions:
+  ready: true`,
+	}
+
 	res := append(meshedPodResources, clientSP...)
 	res = append(res, unmeshedPod)
 	res = append(res, meshedOpaquePodResources...)
@@ -455,6 +503,7 @@ spec:
 	res = append(res, hostPortMapping...)
 	res = append(res, mirrorServiceResources...)
 	res = append(res, destinationCredentialsResources...)
+	res = append(res, externalWorkloads...)
 	k8sAPI, l5dClient, err := k8s.NewFakeAPIWithL5dClient(res...)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("NewFakeAPIWithL5dClient returned an error: %s", err)
@@ -479,9 +528,9 @@ spec:
 		t.Fatalf("initializeIndexers returned an error: %s", err)
 	}
 
-	pods, err := watcher.NewPodWatcher(k8sAPI, metadataAPI, log, defaultOpaquePorts)
+	workloads, err := watcher.NewWorkloadWatcher(k8sAPI, metadataAPI, log, defaultOpaquePorts)
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("can't create Pods watcher: %s", err)
+		t.Fatalf("can't create Workloads watcher: %s", err)
 	}
 	endpoints, err := watcher.NewEndpointsWatcher(k8sAPI, metadataAPI, log, false, "local")
 	if err != nil {
@@ -516,7 +565,7 @@ spec:
 			IdentityTrustDomain: "trust.domain",
 			DefaultOpaquePorts:  defaultOpaquePorts,
 		},
-		pods,
+		workloads,
 		endpoints,
 		opaquePorts,
 		profiles,
diff --git a/controller/api/destination/watcher/pod_watcher_test.go b/controller/api/destination/watcher/workload_watcher_test.go
similarity index 92%
rename from controller/api/destination/watcher/pod_watcher_test.go
rename to controller/api/destination/watcher/workload_watcher_test.go
index 3e74811ee..ed4011044 100644
--- a/controller/api/destination/watcher/pod_watcher_test.go
+++ b/controller/api/destination/watcher/workload_watcher_test.go
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ status:
 		}
 
 		k8sAPI.Sync(nil)
-		pw := PodWatcher{
+		ww := WorkloadWatcher{
 			k8sAPI: k8sAPI,
 			log: log.WithFields(log.Fields{
 				"component": "pod-watcher",
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ status:
 		}
 
 		// Get host IP pod that is mapped to the port `hostPort1`
-		pod, err := pw.getPodByHostIP(hostIP, hostPort1)
+		pod, err := ww.getPodByHostIP(hostIP, hostPort1)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("failed to get pod: %s", err)
 		}
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ status:
 		// Get host IP pod that is mapped to the port `hostPort2`; this tests
 		// that the indexer properly adds multiple containers from a single
 		// pod.
-		pod, err = pw.getPodByHostIP(hostIP, hostPort2)
+		pod, err = ww.getPodByHostIP(hostIP, hostPort2)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("failed to get pod: %s", err)
 		}
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ status:
 			t.Fatalf("expected pod name to be %s, but got %s", expectedPodName, pod.Name)
 		}
 		// Get host IP pod with unmapped host port
-		pod, err = pw.getPodByHostIP(hostIP, 12347)
+		pod, err = ww.getPodByHostIP(hostIP, 12347)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("expected no error when getting host IP pod with unmapped host port, but got: %s", err)
 		}
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ status:
 			t.Fatal("expected no pod to be found with unmapped host port")
 		}
 		// Get pod IP pod and expect an error
-		_, err = pw.getPodByPodIP(podIP, 12346)
+		_, err = ww.getPodByPodIP(podIP, 12346)
 		if err == nil {
 			t.Fatal("expected error when getting by pod IP and unmapped host port, but got none")
 		}