ncoop57/mmmlu huggingface dataset:
Sir Isaac Newton determined that white light is made up of all the colors of the rainbow. What did he use to discover this phenomenon?
A. a prism
B. a telescope
C. a microscope
D. a magnifying glass
Answer: A
With a microscope, you see that an object has a cell wall, a chloroplast, and a nucleus. What is being observed?
A. a plant cell
B. an animal cell
C. a male organism
D. a female organism
Answer: A
What is the best way for a marine scientist to determine the eating habits of sharks?
A. Tag one shark and monitor its eating habits for one day.
B. Tag one shark and monitor its eating habits for one year.
C. Tag several sharks and monitor their eating habits for one day.
D. Tag several sharks and monitor their eating habits for one year.
Answer: D
Which would best aid a scientist in discovering how Earth may have changed over time?
A. finding the nest of a bald eagle
B. tracking the footprints of a wolf
C. analyzing the pollination of a sunflower
D. discovering a fossil of a seashell in a wooded area
Answer: D
What do cells break down to produce energy?
A. food
B. water
C. chlorophyll
D. carbon dioxide
Answer: A
Which type of scientist would study the relationship between simple machines and energy?
A. chemist
B. biologist
C. physicist
D. geologist
Answer: C
Which is a physical property of an apple?
A. what color it is
B. how pretty it is
C. how much it costs
D. when it was picked
Answer: A
If Lisa wants to experiment with bean plants, which of these is the best example of a hypothesis?
A. Bean plants come in many types.
B. Fertilizer is good for bean plants.
C. All bean plants are related to each other.
D. Fertilizer will make bean plants grow taller.
Answer: D
Alan is using cabbage juice to determine the relative pH of various household solutions. Which of these steps communicates the results of his investigation?
A. Conduct multiple trials
B. Write down a procedure
C. Identify the materials to be tested
D. Record observations and data in a journal
Answer: D
Which cell part is correctly paired with its function?
A. nucleus-controls cell activities
B. chloroplast-outside boundary of plant cells
C. cell wall-controls what goes in and out of cells
D. cell membrane-where photosynthesis takes place
Answer: A
How are green plants an important part of the carbon dioxide-oxygen cycle?
A. They add oxygen to the soil.
B. They release oxygen into the air.
C. They fix carbon dioxide in the soil.
D. They store carbon dioxide in roots.
Answer: B
Jennifer has collected rocks while hiking. As she attempts to classify her rocks, which will she put in the pile of sedimentary rocks?
A. Black-and-gray crystalline rocks
B. Shiny rocks with smooth textures
C. Rocks with visible pieces of shells in them
D. Rocks with small interlocking crystals in them
Answer: C
During the Apollo 14 moon landing, astronauts played golf on the moon. Which of the following would be less on the moon than on Earth?
A. The mass of the golf ball
B. The weight of the golf ball
C. The mass and size of the golf ball
D. The weight and size of the golf ball
Answer: B
Which list is correctly ordered from smallest to largest?
A. Biosphere, organism, ecosystem, population
B. Community, organism, ecosystem, biosphere
C. Organism, population, community, ecosystem
D. Population, ecosystem, community, biosphere
Answer: C
Scientists dig in a dry area at the bottom of a mountain range. Fossilized shells of freshwater mussels are found in the area. Which is a likely conclusion that scientists will draw based on this evidence?
A. Rivers once flowed through the area.
B. Volcanoes were once active in the area.
C. The ocean shoreline once reached this area.
D. Floods were a common occurrence in this area.
Answer: A
Which occurs as the kinetic energy of water molecules increases?
A. Water vapor becomes ice.
B. Liquid water becomes ice.
C. Water vapor becomes liquid water.
D. Liquid water becomes water vapor.
Answer: D
Which types of objects are most easily seen by the human eye?
A. objects that reflect most of the light that strikes them
B. objects that refract most of the light that strikes them
C. objects that diffract most of the light that strikes them
D. objects that absorb most of the light that strikes them
Answer: A
Which set of descriptions correctly states the difference between a population and a community?
A. Population: one species in an area Community: one species worldwide
B. Population: organisms in a small area Community: organisms in a large area
C. Population: living parts of an area Community: living and nonliving parts of an area
D. Population: one type of organism in an area Community: many types of organisms in an area
Answer: D
Which mineral has six-sided transparent crystals that will scratch glass?
A. sulfur
B. quartz
C. calcite
D. feldspar
Answer: B
Compared to other stars in our galaxy, which is the best description of our Sun?
A. larger size, higher temperature
B. smaller size, higher temperature
C. larger size, average temperature
D. average size, average temperature
Answer: D
Which serve as evidence for a scientific theory?
A. guesses
B. opinions
C. arguments
D. observations
Answer: D
Sam builds a ramp and lets a toy car roll down. Which describes the energy of the car as it rolls down the ramp?
A. The kinetic energy and the potential energy both increase.
B. The kinetic energy and the potential energy both decrease.
C. The kinetic energy increases and the potential energy decreases.
D. The kinetic energy decreases and the potential energy increases.
Answer: C
Dawn brought a chocolate bar for lunch, but the chocolate melted in her backpack. Dawn wants to perform a scientific investigation to determine the reason her chocolate bar melted in her backpack. Which hypothesis should Dawn use for her investigation?
A. Chocolate will taste better when melted.
B. Chocolate will taste the same even when melted.
C. If the chocolate is broken then the chocolate will melt.
D. If heat is added to chocolate then the chocolate will melt.
Answer: D
A robin catches and eats a cricket. Which statement best describes the roles of each animal?
A. The robin is the prey and the cricket is the predator.
B. The robin is the predator and the cricket is the prey.
C. The robin is the consumer and the cricket is the producer.
D. The robin is the producer and the cricket is the consumer.
Answer: B
What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
A. absorbing oxygen
B. reflecting green light
C. absorbing light energy
D. blocking carbon dioxide
Answer: C
The temperature in a hot star is high enough to pull electrons away from atoms. What state of matter results from this process?
A. gas
B. solid
C. liquid
D. plasma
Answer: D
What happens during photosynthesis?
A. Insects pollinate plants.
B. Plants change soil into food energy.
C. Animals get carbon dioxide from plants.
D. Plants change light energy into food energy.
Answer: D
Scientists wonder how the Egyptian pyramids were built. They think that the huge blocks of stone may have been put into place by pushing them up a sloping pathway. The pathway is which type of simple machine?
A. lever
B. pulley
C. inclined plane
D. wheel and axle
Answer: C
In 1872, the United States created a national park called Yellowstone. The park includes more than two million acres in the three states of Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming. Which statement best explains why national parks have a positive effect on ecosystems?
A. National parks limit people from seeing wildlife.
B. National parks limit mining, logging, and hunting.
C. National parks protect land for farmers and ranchers.
D. National parks protect land for people to build houses.
Answer: B
A student observes cells in an object by using a microscope. The student thinks that the object was part of a living thing. Which statement explains why cell theory can be used to support the student's thinking?
A. Cell theory was developed using a microscope.
B. Cell theory was developed to study living things.
C. Cell theory states that all living things are made of cells.
D. Cell theory states that scientists may classify things as living or nonliving.
Answer: C
Which statement describes all matter?
A. All matter contains carbon.
B. All matter contains oxygen.
C. All matter is made up of cells.
D. All matter is made up of atoms.
Answer: D
Which phrase best describes the mass of an object?
A. the weight of the object
B. the volume of the object
C. the amount of matter in the object
D. the amount of gravitational pull on the object
Answer: C
To which group does an animal belong if it lays eggs and has scales and gills?
A. amphibian
B. bird
C. fish
D. reptile
Answer: C
Which of the following does not give an example of how sparrows use resources in their environment to survive?
A. Sparrows breathe air.
B. Sparrows drink water.
C. Sparrows use the sun for food.
D. Sparrows use plants for shelter.
Answer: C
Western coral snakes have a striped color pattern and are poisonous. Arizona mountain king snakes look like western coral snakes but are not poisonous. The color pattern of the Arizona mountain king snake is an example of
A. camouflage.
B. mimicry.
C. mutualism.
D. parasitism.
Answer: B
Which of the following can cause erosion?
A. falling leaves
B. flowing water
C. growing grass
D. rising temperatures
Answer: B
Which natural event can dry out plants and cause wildfires?
A. drought
B. earthquake
C. flood
D. tornado
Answer: A
Which invention has technology that helps people keep food fresh for a long period of time?
A. dishwasher
B. refrigerator
C. electric mixer
D. microwave oven
Answer: B
Which of these is a nonliving thing?
A. a mushroom
B. a tree
C. a worm
D. a river
Answer: D
Mrs. Henderson's class has five small, covered boxes. One contains perfume; another contains dried onions. There is also a box of pine needles, a box of lemon pieces, and a box with a paper towel wet with vanilla flavoring. Which should they do to get the best information about what is in each box?
A. Shake the boxes.
B. Smell the boxes.
C. Listen to the boxes.
D. Weigh the boxes.
Answer: B
A rock sample will most likely contain
A. plants.
B. minerals.
C. water.
D. wood.
Answer: B
Della has a mixture of soil and water in a jar. Which of the following tools would best help Della separate the soil from the water?
A. a filter
B. a measuring cup
C. a balance
D. a magnifying glass
Answer: A
Sophie investigates the water supply at her school and the things that affect it. Which action is a direct observation?
A. tasting water from a water fountain
B. reading water test results
C. studying the rules for purifying water
D. investigating causes of water pollution
Answer: A
Mrs. Tucker gives her class samples of different soil types. Which action best helps Tanisha identify each soil type?
A. smelling it
B. touching it
C. weighing it
D. measuring it
Answer: B
At what time on a sunny day will the shadow of the school's flagpole be the shortest?
A. sunrise
B. noon
C. mid-afternoon
D. sunset
Answer: B
An ocean, a forest, and a grassy meadow are each examples of a complete ecosystem. Complete ecosystems contain only
A. animals.
B. rocks and water.
C. living and nonliving things.
D. populations of plants and animals.
Answer: C
Which of the following is an example of matter changing state?
A. heating a pan of water until the water is all gone
B. putting a soft-drink can in the refrigerator to cool it
C. heating soup on the stove until it is hot to your tongue
D. transferring sugar into a storage container
Answer: A
Where would nitrogen most easily be found in the nitrogen cycle?
A. in animal waste
B. in drinking water supplies
C. in underground mineral deposits
D. in carbon dioxide released by factories into the atmosphere
Answer: A
Runoff from farms that use fertilizers is entering a small lake. This will most directly affect the lake by causing
A. the lake to dry up.
B. algae to grow in the lake.
C. the lake to become deeper.
D. water in the lake to become solid.
Answer: B
What is the role of decomposers in a food chain?
A. They consume other organisms.
B. They break down dead organic matter.
C. They use the Sun's energy to make food.
D. They convert inorganic matter into organic matter.
Answer: B
The telephone was invented in Boston by
A. Alexander Graham Bell.
B. Samuel F. B. Morse.
C. Henry Ford.
D. Thomas Alva Edison.
Answer: A
Which of the following helps the leaves break down after they have fallen off the tree?
A. meat-eaters
B. rocks
C. decomposers
D. cold temperatures
Answer: C
Which of the following is a trait that a dog does NOT inherit from its parents?
A. the length of its fur
B. the shape of its nose
C. the size of its appetite
D. the color of its fur
Answer: C
People are developing electric cars that would replace gasoline-burning cars. One major advantage of the electric car is that it
A. accelerates faster.
B. causes less pollution.
C. gives a smoother ride.
D. needs no battery.
Answer: B
For his science project, Alan began a study of sugar maple trees. He noticed many differences among the sugar maple trees near his school. Which of the following three characteristics would vary the LEAST?
A. height
B. number of leaves
C. type of seeds
D. trunk width
Answer: C
Which of the following would be more likely to pollute a river?
A. allowing beavers to build a dam
B. spreading fertilizer near the river
C. mowing the grass on the river bank
D. fishing from a bridge over the river
Answer: B
Which of the following is a SOURCE of light?
A. Earth
B. planet
C. star
D. moon
Answer: C
Burt used a spoon to stir soup that was cooking on his stove. Which spoon will stay the coolest while he stirs?
A. an iron spoon
B. an aluminum spoon
C. a wooden spoon
D. a silver spoon
Answer: C
You need to move products across the ocean from Boston to Europe. What are your choices?
A. ship or airplane
B. truck or ship
C. truck or airplane
D. tunnel or ship
Answer: A
Why is it better to wear a white T-shirt than a dark blue T-shirt in the summer?
A. Light-colored clothes let more air in.
B. Light-colored clothes prevent sweating.
C. Light-colored clothes are not as heavy as dark-colored clothes.
D. Light-colored clothes reflect more sunlight than dark-colored clothes.
Answer: D
Which of the following properties provides the BEST way to identify a mineral?
A. hardness
B. shape
C. size
D. temperature
Answer: A
Many people like to use microwave ovens rather than traditional ovens. The main reason for this is that microwave ovens
A. take less time to cook food than regular ovens do.
B. get hotter than regular ovens.
C. do not leave spattered grease or food on the inside.
D. cannot overcook food.
Answer: A
If its food supply in a field decreases, the mouse population in that field will probably
A. increase.
B. decrease.
C. remain the same.
D. become extinct.
Answer: B
In the first half of this century, which technology allowed people, for the first time, to work IN the city but live OUTSIDE the city?
A. airplanes
B. automobiles
C. telephones
D. television
Answer: B
Reptiles become more active as the day gets warmer. This is because
A. they have scaly skin.
B. they have slimy skin.
C. their body temperature stays at a constant level.
D. their body temperature changes with the environment.
Answer: D
There is a river at the base of Mount Tom. In the spring the water level is usually very high. In the summer it is lower. The higher level of water during the spring comes from
A. hurricanes.
B. melting snow.
C. tornadoes.
D. evaporating water.
Answer: B
You wish to closely observe a small insect. Which tool is the best to use?
A. a balance
B. a test tube
C. a telescope
D. a magnifying glass
Answer: D
Earth's rotation (turning on its axis) causes
A. the seasons to change.
B. the Moon to appear as different shapes.
C. day and night.
D. solar eclipses.
Answer: C
Which is an example of a human-made product?
A. cake
B. tomato
C. wheat
D. coal
Answer: A
Which environmental problem was directly caused by the invention of the automobile?
A. storage of nuclear waste
B. increase in air pollution
C. increased use of pesticides
D. flooding in the Midwest
Answer: B
An example of an instinct is
A. laughing at something funny.
B. dogs doing tricks when told.
C. doing your homework at the same time each day.
D. salmon returning to their birthplace to lay their eggs.
Answer: D
The BEST way to tell the DIFFERENCE between an oak and a maple tree is to compare the
A. height of both trees.
B. number of leaves on the trees.
C. size of the root systems of the trees.
D. shape of the leaves.
Answer: D
Why are the rocks and pebbles found on riverbeds usually smooth?
A. The rocks and pebbles in riverbeds are not very old.
B. The rocks and pebbles rub against each other as water flows over them.
C. Rivers can only flow over smooth rocks and pebbles.
D. Organisms in the rivers break down the rocks and pebbles.
Answer: B
Which animals live part of their lives in water and part on land, and go through metamorphosis?
A. reptiles
B. amphibians
C. birds
D. mammals
Answer: B
Which of the following is a consumer?
A. grain
B. rabbit
C. vegetable
D. tree
Answer: B
Why are some rocks smoother and rounder than others?
A. They have the shapes of the minerals from which they are made.
B. They were smoothed by the action of wind and water.
C. They were squeezed up through the soil.
D. They hardened in rounded pockets of soil.
Answer: B
To compare the hardness of different minerals, it would be BEST to find
A. the color of the minerals.
B. which minerals scratch other minerals.
C. which minerals reflect light most strongly.
D. the samples that feel smoothest to the touch.
Answer: B
A function of a plant's roots is to
A. protect the plant.
B. absorb water and minerals.
C. remove waste products.
D. take in food for the plant.
Answer: B
Which of the following is most likely to cause water to change from one state of matter to another state of matter?
A. increased precipitation
B. the weathering of rocks
C. a decrease in wind speed
D. a change in air temperature
Answer: D
The change from day to night on Earth can be explained by
A. the movement of the Sun.
B. the rotation of Earth.
C. the movement of the Moon.
D. the tilt of Earth.
Answer: B
Freda always hangs her wet swimsuit outdoors after getting out of the swimming pool. Which of the following is least likely to affect the rate at which Freda's swimsuit dries?
A. the heat of the Sun
B. the speed of the wind
C. the temperature of the water in the pool
D. the amount of water vapor in the air
Answer: C
Which of the following is least likely to change from a solid state to a liquid state when heat is applied?
A. butter
B. paper
C. ice
D. candle wax
Answer: B
During which of the processes below does water vapor change to liquid water?
A. melting
B. freezing
C. evaporation
D. condensation
Answer: D
A caterpillar changing into a butterfly is an example of
A. instinct.
B. duplication.
C. reproduction.
D. metamorphosis.
Answer: D
If enough heat is taken away from a container of water, what will happen to the water?
A. It will begin to boil.
B. It will become a solid.
C. It will turn into a gas.
D. It will increase in weight.
Answer: B
Which of the following is one reason that quartz is classified as a mineral?
A. It can be manufactured.
B. It comes in different colors.
C. It has a specific crystal structure.
D. It can be melted at high temperatures.
Answer: C
Which of the following organisms have the greatest effect on an ecosystem because of the changes they make to their environment?
A. bees building a hive in a hollow tree
B. wasps building a nest in a leafy bush
C. beavers building a dam across a stream
D. fish digging a burrow on a river bottom
Answer: C
Some plants grow only in specific places in the world. Some cacti, for example, grow only in deserts. Which of the following is most important in determining where a plant can grow and survive?
A. animals
B. climate
C. tides
D. wind
Answer: B
A solar cell turns sunlight into another form of energy. A solar cell is most like what natural structure?
A. an elephant's ears
B. a plant's leaves
C. a deer's hooves
D. a tree's roots
Answer: B
Which of the following is not an inherited trait of humans?
A. eye color
B. hair color
C. favorite food
D. height
Answer: C
In a city, the daily high and low 16 temperatures for a month are best represented by which of the following?
A. flow chart
B. line graph
C. pictograph
D. pie chart
Answer: B
Which habitat on Earth would probably 28 add the greatest amount of water to the water cycle through evaporation?
A. cold lake
B. desert sand
C. warm ocean
D. mountain rock
Answer: C
Which of the following was probably most important in the formation of dark, fertile soil that is good for farming?
A. plant decomposition
B. radioactive decay
C. water erosion
D. wind erosion
Answer: A
Which of the following activities is the best example of instinctive behavior in an animal?
A. A dog sits when told to sit by its owner.
B. A bird avoids an insect that has a bad taste.
C. A newly hatched sea turtle walks toward the ocean.
D. A chimpanzee uses a stick to pull termites from a tree stump.
Answer: C
When a light bulb is turned on, energy changes from one form to another. Which of the following best describes this change?
A. sound energy to light energy
B. nuclear energy to light energy
C. electrical energy to light energy
D. magnetic energy to light energy
Answer: C
Which of the following climates has cold winters and hot summers?
A. polar
B. subtropical
C. temperate
D. tropical
Answer: C
Which weather instrument measures air pressure?
A. thermometer
B. anemometer
C. rain gauge
D. barometer
Answer: D
David planted ten corn seeds in sandy soil and ten corn seeds in clay soil. He kept both groups of plants at room temperature, gave them the same amount of water, and placed them all in the same sunny room. Which of the following questions is David most able to answer with his experiment?
A. How much soil and water do corn seeds need to grow?
B. Do corn plants grow better in sandy soil or in clay soil?
C. Do corn plants grown in sandy soil need more water than corn plants grown in clay soil?
D. What are the effects of soil, temperature, water, and sunshine on the growth of corn plants?
Answer: B
Which of the following animals goes through metamorphosis?
A. alligator
B. frog
C. lizard
D. turtle
Answer: B
Alicia has lots of old bicycle parts. She wants to build something new with the parts. What is the first thing Alicia should do?
A. plan the new item
B. construct the new item
C. try out the new item
D. evaluate the new item
Answer: A
All of the processes listed below cause changes in Earth's surface. Which of the following is the slowest to change Earth's surface?
A. earthquake activity
B. landslide
C. volcanic eruption
D. weathering
Answer: D
The stages in the life cycle of an organism are shown below. birth -> growth -> development -> reproduction -> death In which life cycle stage will a new organism be made?
A. growth
B. development
C. reproduction
D. death
Answer: C
Which of the following describes an instinctive behavior?
A. a behavior that occurs only in adult fish
B. a behavior that occurs only in small mammals
C. a behavior that an animal learns how to do over time
D. a behavior that an animal is born knowing how to do
Answer: D
Which of the following actions is most likely part of a test to find the hardness of a mineral sample?
A. heating the sample on a hot plate
B. scratching the sample with a nail
C. hitting the sample with a hammer
D. shining a bright light on the sample
Answer: B
In a meadow ecosystem, mice receive most of the energy they need to survive directly from which of the following sources?
A. minerals
B. oxygen
C. plants
D. water
Answer: C
Which event would most likely result in more food for organisms that are scavengers?
A. Fish die and sink to the bottom of a pond.
B. Trees take up and store water with roots.
C. Beavers build a new dam and lodge.
D. Plants get more sunshine and water.
Answer: A
A student climbs up a rocky mountain trail in Maine. She sees many small pieces of rock on the path. Which action most likely made the small pieces of rock?
A. sand blowing into cracks
B. leaves pressing down tightly
C. ice breaking large rocks apart
D. shells and bones sticking together
Answer: C