ncoop57/mmmlu huggingface dataset:
What information is needed to calculate the speed of a car?
A. the road conditions and type of tires
B. the type of engine and the amount of gas used by the engine
C. the car length and distance traveled
D. the distance travel
Answer: D
What is a source of food and growth for a mushroom?
A. rotting organisms
B. sunshine
C. minerals in soil
D. water in soil
Answer: A
Ten grams of sugar is dissolved in 100 grams (g) of water. How many grams is the sugar-and-water solution?
A. 90 g
B. 100 g
C. 110 g
D. 1000 g
Answer: C
Two flowers are both roses. One rose is larger and has more fragrance than the other rose. What advantage will one of the roses most likely gain because of this difference?
A. The larger rose will have fewer petals than the smaller rose.
B. The larger rose will more easily attract bees than the smaller rose.
C. The smaller rose will have more pollen than the larger rose.
D. The smaller rose will grow faster than the larger rose.
Answer: B
After a heavy rain, a mudslide flows into a pond and mud mixes into the water. Which of the following is most likely to happen?
A. Fish will have more food.
B. Trees will be able to get more light.
C. Raccoons will not be able to find food.
D. Underwater plants will receive less light.
Answer: D
A student finds a round, smooth pebble on a beach. Which action made the pebble smooth?
A. rain falling
B. wind blowing
C. snow melting
D. waves moving
Answer: D
Humans need food to grow and survive. Food that is not used immediately by the body for energy is
A. stored for future use
B. converted to water for energy
C. used to remove wastes from cells
D. transformed into oxygen for survival
Answer: A
Some materials are electrical conductors. Which material best conducts electricity?
A. copper
B. plastic
C. rubber
D. wood
Answer: A
Polar Ice Melting As spring arrives in the Arctic, new research suggests average temperatures are rising and ice caps are quickly melting. The melting ice threatens to shrink glaciers. The shrinking could raise sea levels around the world. Rising Waters What happens at the polar ice caps could affect the entire globe, said Bette Otto-Bliesner of the National Center for Atmospheric Research. A large amount of polluting gases is produced when people burn fossil fuels such as coal and oil to produce power for cities, factories and cars and to heat homes. According to the studies, an increase in the release of these gases could raise Arctic temperatures by 5 to 8 degrees within the next 100 years. That warmth could melt ice caps. The melting ice could then raise sea levels one to three feet over the next 100 to 150 years. Melting Glaciers Another study reports an increase in earthquakes caused by melting glaciers. The number of glacial earthquakes in Greenland's polar region has more than doubled since 2002. "People often think of glaciers as . . . slow moving, but in fact they can also move rather quickly," researcher Goeran Ekstroem of Harvard University said. Some glaciers are as large as Manhattan, New York, and as tall as the Empire State Building! How do warming temperatures contribute to earthquakes? As glaciers melt, flowing water eases their path. This can cause sudden movement, which makes the ground shake. Melting glaciers cause the ocean water
A. to freeze
B. to condense
C. levels to rise
D. levels to drop
Answer: C
Polar Ice Melting As spring arrives in the Arctic, new research suggests average temperatures are rising and ice caps are quickly melting. The melting ice threatens to shrink glaciers. The shrinking could raise sea levels around the world. Rising Waters What happens at the polar ice caps could affect the entire globe, said Bette Otto-Bliesner of the National Center for Atmospheric Research. A large amount of polluting gases is produced when people burn fossil fuels such as coal and oil to produce power for cities, factories and cars and to heat homes. According to the studies, an increase in the release of these gases could raise Arctic temperatures by 5 to 8 degrees within the next 100 years. That warmth could melt ice caps. The melting ice could then raise sea levels one to three feet over the next 100 to 150 years. Melting Glaciers Another study reports an increase in earthquakes caused by melting glaciers. The number of glacial earthquakes in Greenland's polar region has more than doubled since 2002. "People often think of glaciers as . . . slow moving, but in fact they can also move rather quickly," researcher Goeran Ekstroem of Harvard University said. Some glaciers are as large as Manhattan, New York, and as tall as the Empire State Building! How do warming temperatures contribute to earthquakes? As glaciers melt, flowing water eases their path. This can cause sudden movement, which makes the ground shake. Which human activity most negatively affects the glacial environment?
A. destruction of habitat
B. increased land pollution
C. decreased use of fossil fuels
D. production of polluting gases
Answer: D
Polar Ice Melting As spring arrives in the Arctic, new research suggests average temperatures are rising and ice caps are quickly melting. The melting ice threatens to shrink glaciers. The shrinking could raise sea levels around the world. Rising Waters What happens at the polar ice caps could affect the entire globe, said Bette Otto-Bliesner of the National Center for Atmospheric Research. A large amount of polluting gases is produced when people burn fossil fuels such as coal and oil to produce power for cities, factories and cars and to heat homes. According to the studies, an increase in the release of these gases could raise Arctic temperatures by 5 to 8 degrees within the next 100 years. That warmth could melt ice caps. The melting ice could then raise sea levels one to three feet over the next 100 to 150 years. Melting Glaciers Another study reports an increase in earthquakes caused by melting glaciers. The number of glacial earthquakes in Greenland's polar region has more than doubled since 2002. "People often think of glaciers as . . . slow moving, but in fact they can also move rather quickly," researcher Goeran Ekstroem of Harvard University said. Some glaciers are as large as Manhattan, New York, and as tall as the Empire State Building! How do warming temperatures contribute to earthquakes? As glaciers melt, flowing water eases their path. This can cause sudden movement, which makes the ground shake. How would polar ice melting most likely affect people in Maryland?
A. There would be less air pollution.
B. There would be more air pollution.
C. Less land would be available on which to live.
D. More land would be available on which to live.
Answer: C
Strong winds have the ability to uproot large trees in a wooded area. Which of these organisms would most likely benefit from this change in a habitat?
A. a bee colony that needs a hive
B. a bird that needs to build a nest
C. a squirrel that needs to find shelter
D. a plant that needs sunlight to grow
Answer: D
A large rock breaks into small pieces within 10 years. Which process is most likely responsible for breaking the large rock into small pieces within 10 years?
A. steady winds blowing throughout the years
B. gentle rain falling during each spring and fall
C. lack of rain falling during a four-year drought
D. water repeatedly freezing and thawing in a crack
Answer: D
How Do You Keep a Whole Planet Warm? Light from the sun warms land, water, and air. In turn, the warmed-up land, water, and air give off heat, which rises up toward the sky. Gases in the Earth's atmosphere capture some of that heat and prevent it from escaping into space. This heat trap keeps the ground, oceans, and air at fairly stable, predictable temperatures-warm enough to allow thousands of plant and animal species (including humans, like us) to thrive. Without heat trapping, the Earth's surface would be about 60 degrees Fahrenheit colder than it is now. If you're living in a place like Wisconsin, that means you'd have to wear boots and a heavy coat in July. BRRRRR! (We won't even talk about January!) The Earth's overall temperature has changed often across the eras- the long periods of time we use to measure the Earth's age. We know this because paleontologists have studied the fossils of plants and animals, and because geologists can read the Earth's history in rocks and soil. In hotter eras, dinosaurs clomped across warm green landscapes filled with plants. In colder eras, the wooly mammoth survived in rugged terrain of ice and snow. For the past 10,000 years, the Earth has had relatively stable temperatures. But, for the past 100 years or so, scientists have noticed the Earth seems to be warming up more than usual. This phenomenon is called global warming. Energy from the sun warms Earth. The sun is classified as
A. the closest star to Earth
B. the closest moon to Earth
C. the farthest planet from Earth
D. the farthest satellite from Earth
Answer: A
Beach pollution includes sewage, paper and plastic containers, and oil from boats. Which beach activity most likely increases beach pollution?
A. watching birds
B. collecting seashells
C. eating a picnic lunch
D. building a sand castle
Answer: C
A ship leaks a large amount of oil near a coastal area. Which statement describes how the oil most likely will affect the coastal habitat?
A. Fish reproduction rates will increase.
B. Water birds will be unable to use their wings.
C. Water plants will be exposed to more sunlight.
D. Coastal plants will have access to more nutrients.
Answer: B
The Piedmont and Coastal Plains regions in Maryland produce crops such as corn, soybeans, wheat, tobacco, tomatoes, and apples. Which environmental factor most likely influences which crops are grown in these regions?
A. soil quality
B. wind speeds
C. bird migration
D. water temperature
Answer: A
Space Junk Everything seemed normal in space. Astronauts were working on a space station. Suddenly, Mission Control1 ordered them to leave the station. They rushed to the escape pod.2 Inside the pod, they waited for further orders. A small piece of space junk was speeding toward the space station at 28,000 kilometers (17,500 miles) per hour. The crew could be in danger! Ten minutes later, Mission Control sent an all-clear order. The station and crew were safe. Leftover Litter More than 1,600 pieces, large and small, became space junk. There are other kinds of space trash, too. Astronauts drop tools. They lose screws and drop gloves. Even chipped paint can become space junk. So can regular trash that's tossed from space stations. Small Scraps, Big Damage All this trash can cause problems. Litter that's orbiting Earth can travel at 7.7 kilometers (about 5 miles) per second. That's fast! No wonder space junk can crack windows, chip heat shields,3 and rip solar panels. Sometimes space junk falls to Earth. Friction with particles in Earth's atmosphere causes most junk to burn up. Really big pieces slam into the ground. Some splash into oceans. That's why scientists track space junk. They use radar and telescopes. These tools can track objects larger than a grapefruit. Millions of pieces are much smaller than this. These small pieces can do big damage. Yet there is no way to track them. Scientists are thinking of ways to clean up space. One way is to shoot lasers at space trash. The lasers would push the litter farther away. The only problem is Earth's gravity would eventually pull it back. It would become a problem again later. Here's another way. Make spacecrafts with giant nets. The nets would catch the litter. Then the litter could be dumped into Earth's atmosphere. The litter would burn up. Scientists still need to find other solutions. No doubt they will. As a piece of space junk falls to Earth, it travels
A. less distance in more time
B. equal distance in more time
C. equal distance in equal times
D. greater distance in equal times
Answer: D
Space Junk Everything seemed normal in space. Astronauts were working on a space station. Suddenly, Mission Control1 ordered them to leave the station. They rushed to the escape pod.2 Inside the pod, they waited for further orders. A small piece of space junk was speeding toward the space station at 28,000 kilometers (17,500 miles) per hour. The crew could be in danger! Ten minutes later, Mission Control sent an all-clear order. The station and crew were safe. Leftover Litter More than 1,600 pieces, large and small, became space junk. There are other kinds of space trash, too. Astronauts drop tools. They lose screws and drop gloves. Even chipped paint can become space junk. So can regular trash that's tossed from space stations. Small Scraps, Big Damage All this trash can cause problems. Litter that's orbiting Earth can travel at 7.7 kilometers (about 5 miles) per second. That's fast! No wonder space junk can crack windows, chip heat shields,3 and rip solar panels. Sometimes space junk falls to Earth. Friction with particles in Earth's atmosphere causes most junk to burn up. Really big pieces slam into the ground. Some splash into oceans. That's why scientists track space junk. They use radar and telescopes. These tools can track objects larger than a grapefruit. Millions of pieces are much smaller than this. These small pieces can do big damage. Yet there is no way to track them. Scientists are thinking of ways to clean up space. One way is to shoot lasers at space trash. The lasers would push the litter farther away. The only problem is Earth's gravity would eventually pull it back. It would become a problem again later. Here's another way. Make spacecrafts with giant nets. The nets would catch the litter. Then the litter could be dumped into Earth's atmosphere. The litter would burn up. Scientists still need to find other solutions. No doubt they will. Collecting space junk before it falls to Earth would most likely have a positive effect on the natural environment by
A. protecting space stations that orbit Earth from the junk
B. keeping the junk from falling into Earth's habitats
C. transforming space junk into useful materials
D. permitting humans to leave junk in space
Answer: B
Scientists compared Pluto with other objects in the solar system and found that Pluto is smaller than Earth's moon. This finding caused scientists to question whether Pluto is a planet because
A. Pluto gets less sunlight than Earth's moon
B. the other planets are much larger than Pluto
C. the other planets have moons and Pluto does not
D. Pluto rotates on its axis and the other planets do not
Answer: B
Offshore oil platforms affect ocean habitats. An ocean environment is most likely damaged by an offshore oil platform because
A. leaking oil from the oil platform might pollute the water
B. fishing from the oil platform might reduce the fish population
C. drilling in the ocean floor might reduce the water temperature
D. changing the ocean floor might increase the number of hurricanes
Answer: A
Paleontologists often find and study the remains of ancient plants and animals. When the remains of ancient plants and animals are covered by layers of sediment over time, the remains
A. melt
B. dissolve
C. become a fossil
D. evaporate into vapor
Answer: C
Natural processes cause rapid and slow changes to Earth's surface. Which event causes changes to Earth's surface most rapidly?
A. an earthquake shaking the ground
B. sediment washing into a bay
C. a rainstorm weathering rock
D. water flowing in stream
Answer: A
What happens to water when it boils?
A. It changes color.
B. It becomes heavier.
C. It changes into water vapor.
D. It stops bubbling.
Answer: C
Which pair together could cause a rainbow?
A. Fog and clouds
B. Rain and snow
C. Clouds and ice
D. Sunshine and rain
Answer: D
When you make soap bubbles, what is inside the bubbles?
A. Air
B. Soap
C. Water
D. Nothing
Answer: A
Which of these is hottest?
A. The Earth
B. Mars
C. The Moon
D. The Sun
Answer: D
Which animal eats only plants?
A. Cat
B. Dog
C. Lion
D. Rabbit
Answer: D
Yumiko gave some reasons why kettles and kitchen pans are often made of copper. Which reason is correct?
A. Copper is a good conductor of heat.
B. Copper is easy to melt.
C. Copper is difficult to shape.
D. Copper dissolves in hot water.
Answer: A
Kate sees a full moon. About how much time will go by before the next full moon?
A. one week
B. two weeks
C. one month
D. one year
Answer: C
A plant has yellow flowers. What best explains why the flowers are yellow?
A. The sunshine colored the flowers yellow.
B. The flowers of the parent plants were yellow.
C. It was very warm when they flowered.
D. It rained every day.
Answer: B
Which statement is true for all objects?
A. All objects are shiny.
B. All objects are hard.
C. All objects are rough.
D. All objects have mass.
Answer: D
Which of these animals has teeth that are most like the teeth of humans?
A. deer
B. lion
C. monkey
D. dog
Answer: C
Where do plants get energy from to make food?
A. air
B. soil
C. water
D. sunlight
Answer: D
Smoking harms the body in many ways. It is most harmful to which organ?
A. lung
B. kidney
C. liver
D. stomach
Answer: A
Most of Earth's surface is covered by
A. sand
B. trees
C. water
D. mountains
Answer: C
Which of these groups animals are ALL mammals?
A. duck, eagle, parrot
B. mouse, monkey, bat
C. butterfly, ant, mosquito
D. crocodile, snake, turtle
Answer: B
What is the main reason we can see the Moon?
A. The Moon reflects light from the Earth.
B. The Moon reflects the light from the Sun.
C. The Moon produces its own light.
D. The Moon is larger than stars.
Answer: B
Which living organism makes its own food using sunlight?
A. lizard
B. tree
C. deer
D. hawk
Answer: B
Most birds sit on their eggs until they hatch. Which of these is the most important reason why birds sit on their eggs?
A. to keep the eggs inside the nest
B. to keep the eggs warm
C. to protect the eggs from the wind
D. to protect the eggs from the rain
Answer: B
Which of these soil changes is due only to natural causes?
A. Loss of minerals due to farming.
B. Deserts forming due to tree cutting.
C. Flooding due to dam construction.
D. Minerals washing out due to heavy rain.
Answer: D
Which two objects produce their own light?
A. candle and moon
B. moon and mirror
C. sun and candle
D. mirror and sun
Answer: C
Which of these is a mixture?
A. salt water
B. sugar
C. water vapor
D. salt
Answer: A
What is the correct explanation for why we have day and night on Earth?
A. The Sun orbits around the Earth.
B. Earth orbits around the Sun.
C. Earth turns on its axis.
D. The Sun turns on its axis.
Answer: C
The direction water flows in a river depends on
A. the length of the river
B. the slope of the land
C. the type of rock over which the water flows
D. the location of the North Pole
Answer: B
Which of these animals has a young form that looks the most like the adult form?
A. moth
B. human
C. frog
D. butterfly
Answer: B
Some animals are very rare. For example, there are very few Siberian tigers. If the only Siberian tigers left are female, what will most likely happen?
A. The females will find another type of male animal to mate with and produce more Siberian tigers.
B. The females will mate with each other and produce more Siberian tigers.
C. The females will only be able to produce female Siberian tigers.
D. The females will not be able to produce more Siberian tigers, and they will die out.
Answer: D
The length of daylight changes as the seasons change during the year. What causes these changes in daylight?
A. Earth's tilt on its axis
B. the Sun's tilt on its axis
C. Earth spinning on its axis
D. the Sun spinning on its axis
Answer: A
Students want to find out at which temperature bean plants grow tallest. Which science process skill would be used to find this temperature?
A. inferring
B. predicting
C. measuring
D. classifying
Answer: C
Changes in the weather are important to people living in Alaska. Which two tools best help scientists to share information about weather?
A. radio and computer
B. clock and notebook
C. television and hand lens
D. microscope and telephone
Answer: A
Which action most likely causes large rocks to become smaller pieces of rock?
A. melting inside of Earth
B. weathering by wind and water
C. cementing by mud and minerals
D. being pressed between layers of soil
Answer: B
Which statement best identifies a living thing that depends on another living thing to survive?
A. A wolf drinks water.
B. A moose eats a plant.
C. A spruce tree grows in soil.
D. A salmonberry plant absorbs sunlight.
Answer: B
For many years, people have been curious about the stars. In the past, people have shared what they knew about the stars through stories and drawings. Which pair of tools would be most helpful for people today to gather and share information about stars?
A. a notebook and a calculator
B. a telescope and a computer
C. a calculator and a microscope
D. a microscope and a telescope
Answer: B
Which tool would best help a person observe the parts of a plant cell?
A. hand lens
B. telescope
C. binoculars
D. microscope
Answer: D
Where is most of Earth's water located?
A. glaciers
B. lakes
C. oceans
D. rivers
Answer: C
Which organ removes cell waste from the blood?
A. the large intestine
B. the small intestine
C. the kidney
D. the heart
Answer: C
The digestion process begins in which of the following?
A. large intestine
B. mouth
C. small intestine
D. stomach
Answer: B
Which of the following converts electrical energy into motion?
A. light switch
B. electric stove
C. light bulb
D. electric fan
Answer: D
Moving water was the most important factor in forming which of these?
A. the Grand Canyon
B. San Andreas Fault
C. the Rocky Mountains
D. Mount St. Helens Volcano
Answer: A
Which of the following gases do plants use in photosynthesis?
A. hydrogen
B. oxygen
C. carbon dioxide
D. carbon monoxide
Answer: C
Which of the following systems breaks food into nutrients that can be used by the body?
A. circulatory
B. digestive
C. respiratory
D. reproductive
Answer: B
Peach trees have sweet-smelling blossoms and produce rich fruit. What is the main purpose of the flowers of a peach tree?
A. to attract bees for pollination
B. to create flower arrangements
C. to protect the tree from disease
D. to feed migratory birds
Answer: A
Which animals are most likely to carry the seeds found in berries from the parent plant to another area?
A. bees
B. birds
C. flies
D. caterpillars
Answer: B
Which of the following processes is responsible for changing liquid water into water vapor?
A. photosynthesis
B. condensation
C. evaporation
D. precipitation
Answer: C
Which action will result in a product with new chemical properties?
A. shredding a newspaper
B. breaking a mirror
C. cutting wood
D. popping popcorn
Answer: D
Which of the following is a living component of a desert in California?
A. low rainfall
B. hot temperature
C. polar bear
D. horned lizard
Answer: D
Jenny measures the outside temperature as 16 degrees Celsius (°C), 61 degrees Fahrenheit (°F). She observes precipitation falling from the clouds in a solid form. What type of precipitation is Jenny most likely observing?
A. hail
B. rain
C. sleet
D. snow
Answer: A
Some types of trees are able to survive the heat of a forest fire. Which of the following characteristics would best help a tree survive a fire?
A. large leaves
B. shallow roots
C. thick bark
D. thin trunks
Answer: C
Delilah put a container of water in the freezer and left it there overnight. The next morning she saw that the water in the container had changed to ice. Which of the following statements best explains why the water changed to ice?
A. The water gained energy.
B. The water absorbed light.
C. Mass was released from the water.
D. Heat was taken away from the water.
Answer: D
Which of the following best represents one particular stage in a life cycle?
A. a fish swimming
B. a seed sprouting
C. a leaf growing
D. a dog eating
Answer: B
Baby chicks peck their way out of their shells when they hatch. This activity is an example of which of the following types of behavior?
A. instinctive
B. learned
C. planned
D. social
Answer: A
Which of the following structures does a frog develop as it changes from a tadpole to an adult frog?
A. eyes
B. heart
C. lungs
D. tail
Answer: C
Which of the following events involves a consumer and producer in a food chain?
A. A cat eats a mouse.
B. A deer eats a leaf.
C. A hawk eats a mouse.
D. A snake eats a rat.
Answer: B