ncoop57/mmmlu huggingface dataset:
It rained on a hot summer afternoon and a puddle formed. After several hours, the puddle was gone. Which two processes made the puddle form and then disappear?
A. precipitation followed by evaporation
B. deposition followed by evaporation
C. precipitation followed by runoff
D. deposition followed by runoff
Answer: A
Which force causes rocks to roll downhill?
A. gravity
B. friction
C. erosion
D. magnetism
Answer: A
Which unit of measurement describes an object's length?
A. meter
B. kilogram
C. liter
D. degree
Answer: A
Which sense is used to determine an object's texture?
A. hearing
B. smell
C. taste
D. touch
Answer: D
Which list contains only nonliving things?
A. coins, snakes, birds
B. water, rocks, sunlight
C. rubber ball, plants, house
D. soil, fish, air
Answer: B
The human body gets the energy it needs for growth and repair directly from
A. soil
B. food
C. sunlight
D. water
Answer: B
One example of matter is
A. sound
B. light
C. heat
D. water
Answer: D
The number of daylight hours in New York State changes with the
A. season of the year
B. Moon's changing appearance
C. direction of the wind
D. arrival of a severe storm
Answer: A
Which process occurs when rocks and soil slide down a mountain?
A. erosion
B. migration
C. recycling
D. maintenance
Answer: A
Which metric unit is used to describe an object's length?
A. gram (g)
B. milliliter (mL)
C. centimeter (cm)
D. degree Celsius (°C)
Answer: C
Which property of an object can be described as smooth?
A. color
B. odor
C. size
D. texture
Answer: D
An example of a learned behavior is
A. driving a car
B. having blue eyes
C. shivering in the cold
D. breathing air
Answer: A
One property of liquids is that they have a definite
A. flexibility
B. temperature
C. volume
D. shape
Answer: C
Which color shirt will reflect the most light on a hot, sunny day?
A. black
B. blue
C. red
D. white
Answer: D
A student tosses a ball into the air. Which force causes the ball to fall back to the ground?
A. gravity
B. magnetism
C. mechanical
D. friction
Answer: A
When a boy stands in a field in the sunlight, he usually is able to see his
A. weight
B. temperature
C. reflection
D. shadow
Answer: D
Which object will most likely be attracted to a magnet?
A. wooden block
B. plastic cup
C. metal nail
D. glass bead
Answer: C
On a field trip, a student holds a frog and reports that it has slippery skin. This is an example of
A. a measurement
B. a prediction
C. an explanation
D. an observation
Answer: D
Some birds build nests in the spring. This nest building is a seasonal adaptation that occurs to help the birds
A. fly south
B. find food
C. protect their young
D. survive the winter
Answer: C
What is a decomposer?
A. a living thing that breaks down dead organisms
B. a living thing that makes its own food
C. an animal that eats live plants
D. an animal that hunts other animals
Answer: A
The fur of an arctic fox turns from brown to white as winter approaches. This is an example of
A. camouflage
B. hibernation
C. migration
D. movement
Answer: A
Which property of air does a barometer measure?
A. speed
B. pressure
C. humidity
D. temperature
Answer: B
From which part of the plant does a bee get food?
A. flower
B. seed
C. stem
D. root
Answer: A
Scientists found fish fossils in the desert. What do the fossils tell about this environment when the fish were alive?
A. There was a forest with large trees.
B. There were lakes with water plants.
C. There were mountains with glaciers.
D. There was a desert with large rocks.
Answer: B
A student pushes a wooden block across a sheet of sandpaper. Which characteristic of the block increases?
A. hardness
B. mass
C. size
D. temperature
Answer: D
The brown fur of the arctic hare turns white in winter. How does this color change most likely help the arctic hare?
A. It helps the animal save water.
B. It helps the animal hide from predators.
C. It helps keep the animal cool.
D. It helps protect the animal from disease.
Answer: B
The Davis Mountains in West Texas used to be taller than they are now. Which of the following conditions most likely caused the mountains to become shorter over time?
A. Heat and pressure
B. Soil deposition
C. Rain and wind
D. River formation
Answer: C
Which of the following animal features most helps the animal move around in its habitat?
A. A bird's sharp beak
B. A cow's tail
C. A sea turtle's flippers
D. A black bear's fur
Answer: C
Ice cream in a bowl changed from solid to liquid in a few minutes. Which of the following most likely caused this change?
A. Bacteria grew in the ice cream.
B. Heat was added to the ice cream.
C. Water evaporated from the ice cream.
D. Frozen berries were sprinkled on the ice cream.
Answer: B
Which of these is an example of liquid water?
A. Frost
B. Ice
C. Rain
D. Steam
Answer: C
Barry collected four different rocks. The rock with the GREATEST mass will feel the ___.
A. heaviest
B. smoothest
C. sharpest
D. hardest
Answer: A
A dog gets the energy it needs to run from ___.
A. the air
B. the Sun
C. food
D. water
Answer: C
If a wooded area is cleared and corn is planted, what will MOST likely happen?
A. Animal habitats will be destroyed.
B. The air will become polluted.
C. Weather patterns will change.
D. Underground streams will get polluted.
Answer: A
The seeds of an oak come from the ___.
A. fruit
B. leaf
C. root
D. stem
Answer: A
When a tadpole grows, its gills change into lungs. What does it now need to survive?
A. Air
B. Water
C. Soil
D. Fins
Answer: A
A student wants to cut a piece of string for a class activity. The length of the string is measured BEST in which units?
A. Gallons
B. Liters
C. Miles
D. Centimeters
Answer: D
A student wants to look under a heavy rock. Which simple machine would be BEST to use to lift the rock?
A. Wheel and axle
B. Lever
C. Inclined plane
D. Screw
Answer: B
A wetland habitat can continue to support the birds and fish that live there if people ___.
A. drain the water away
B. flood the highest parts of the land
C. leave the land alone
D. use the land for planting crops
Answer: C
Which sense is used to tell if there is sugar in a glass of tea?
A. Touch
B. Hearing
C. Smell
D. Taste
Answer: D
Which gas is given off by plants?
A. Hydrogen
B. Nitrogen
C. Oxygen
D. Helium
Answer: C
Which of these animals is most likely to be found living and feeding on the forest floors of Virginia?
A. Bat
B. Trout
C. Deer mouse
D. Golden eagle
Answer: C
An ice cube placed in sunlight melts quickly. Which BEST explains this event?
A. The Sun is far away.
B. The Sun makes heat.
C. The ice cube is a solid.
D. The ice cube looks clear.
Answer: B
While a sailor was out fishing, he got lost at sea. Which object would help him direct the boat back to shore?
A. Rope
B. Magnetic compass
C. Blanket
D. Measuring tape
Answer: B
A student is asked to bring something that feels rough to class. Which would be BEST for him to bring?
A. Pillow
B. Marble
C. Sandpaper
D. Trading card
Answer: C
Which of these can be mined from Earth and used as an energy source?
A. Coal
B. Gravel
C. Granite
D. Limestone
Answer: A
Which of these most likely has the GREATEST mass?
A. Chicken
B. Puppy
C. Lizard
D. Horse
Answer: D
Which of these is a nonliving part of a forest?
A. Tree
B. Soil
C. Worm
D. Mushroom
Answer: B
Which of these BEST describes the way a feather feels?
A. Colorful
B. Soft
C. Low
D. Bright
Answer: B
A paper bag is ripped into pieces. Which of these BEST describes the pieces of the bag?
A. Stronger than the whole bag
B. Thicker than the whole bag
C. Smaller than the whole bag
D. Darker than the whole bag
Answer: C
Which causes the GREATEST change in a grassy field over time?
A. The time of day
B. Amount of yearly rainfall
C. Number of birds nesting
D. Seasonal migration of animals
Answer: B
Tony is studying ladybugs in a garden. Which of these would BEST help Tony to count the spots on a ladybug?
A. Stopwatch
B. Thermometer
C. Measuring cup
D. Magnifying glass
Answer: D
Which of these is most likely harmful to an ecosystem?
A. Building new homes in a wetland
B. Taking away airplanes from an airport
C. Planting trees in an orchard
D. Adding floors to an office building
Answer: A
What tool is used to determine the mass of an object?
A. Balance
B. Meter stick
C. Thermometer
D. Graduated cylinder
Answer: A
When ice cream is left out of a freezer, the ice cream changes from a ___.
A. solid to a gas
B. gas to a liquid
C. solid to a liquid
D. liquid to a gas
Answer: C
Mold is often found growing on old bread. In a food chain, mold is a ___.
A. decomposer
B. producer
C. consumer
D. scavenger
Answer: A
Which of these describes water in a solid state?
A. Vapor rising in the sky
B. Hail during a storm
C. Waves crashing on the seashore
D. Rain falling from the clouds
Answer: B
Which of these human activities most relies on high-quality soil?
A. Hiking
B. Hunting
C. Coal mining
D. Growing crops
Answer: D
Which of these is a way the people of Virginia can help restore a natural ecosystem?
A. Burn their trash
B. Plant native plants
C. Feed leftover meals to deer
D. Drain automobile oil into the grass
Answer: B
Which of these is the most responsible for the changes of the seasons on Earth?
A. Position of the Moon
B. Tilt of Earth on its axis
C. Temperature of the Sun
D. Distance to Mars
Answer: B
Which item is designed to change electrical energy into heat energy?
A. Alarm clock
B. Hand dryer
C. Fan
D. Telephone
Answer: B
Which tools are best used to determine the speed of a turtle as it walks along a path?
A. Meter stick and graduated cylinder
B. Stopwatch and meter stick
C. Balance and metric ruler
D. Balance and stopwatch
Answer: B
Which of the following is the best observation of the refraction of light?
A. Looking at oneself in a mirror
B. Looking at a shadow of an object
C. Viewing an object through an open window
D. Viewing an object partially in water
Answer: D
Which of these is a function of a leaf?
A. Carrying nutrients throughout the plant
B. Converting solar energy into sugar
C. Creating shade for the plant
D. Absorbing water from the ground
Answer: B
Directions Read the information about wind erosion then answer the question. Wind can cause erosion that changes the surface of the Earth. Wind erosion can have negative effects on the environment by removing soil and polluting the air during dust storms. Walter wanted to find out if faster wind speeds increased the amount of wind erosion. Which instrument should he use to measure wind speed?
A. anemometer
B. barometer
C. rain gauge
D. thermometer
Answer: A
Kerry made a simple flashlight. She recorded the following statements in her lab book. Which statement is an inference?
A. The wire was 35 cm long.
B. The flashlight contained a battery.
C. The plastic switch was better than the metal switch.
D. The bulb was lit for 20 minutes before it burned out.
Answer: C
Scientists claim that the area around the Grand Canyon was once covered by an ocean. What evidence would support their claim?
A. Dinosaur footprints were found near the Grand Canyon.
B. Fish were found living in the rivers of the Grand Canyon.
C. Fossils of ocean animals were found at the Grand Canyon.
D. Bones from desert animals were found at the Grand Canyon.
Answer: C
How do the spines of a cactus help it survive?
A. Spines help the cactus get moisture.
B. Spines anchor the cactus in the ground.
C. Spines protect the cactus from animals.
D. Spines support the stems and branches of the cactus.
Answer: C
A glacier is a slow moving river of ice. How does a glacier help create soil?
A. It scrapes small particles off large rocks.
B. It carries plants down mountains and to oceans.
C. It melts and becomes part of streams and rivers.
D. It freezes small particles of dirt to form large rocks.
Answer: A
While Anna was testing a circuit, she dropped a light bulb. What is the safest thing Anna can do?
A. get a new bulb to finish the test
B. push the broken glass under a table
C. tell her teacher that she broke the bulb
D. ask her partner to help pick up the broken glass
Answer: C
Tyrone put two stones in a plastic bottle of water and shook it. After he stopped shaking the bottle, he observed that small pieces of the stones were floating in the water. What is the best prediction he can make based on this observation? If shaking the bottle causes pieces of stones to break off,
A. then using cold water will break off more pieces.
B. then using hot water will make the stones change colors.
C. then shaking for a longer amount of time will break off more pieces.
D. then shaking for a shorter amount of time will make the rocks change colors.
Answer: C
Which statement is a description of weather?
A. Summers in Tucson are hot and dry.
B. Winters in Flagstaff are cold and snowy.
C. The temperature is 55° F in Winslow today.
D. The Sun will set in Yuma today at 6:45 p.m.
Answer: C
Alex looked at an electric toothbrush that had a plug with three metal prongs. Why are these prongs made out of metal?
A. Metal doesn't get hot and melt when you plug it into the outlet.
B. Metal is strong and is less likely to break when you plug it into the outlet.
C. Metal is an insulator and prevents shocks when you plug it into the outlet.
D. Metal is a conductor and completes a circuit when you plug it into the outlet.
Answer: D
Electricity to play your radio can be made using renewable or nonrenewable resources. Which of the following resources are renewable?
A. wind and oil
B. wind and sunlight
C. natural gas and oil
D. natural gas and coal
Answer: B
Wind can cause erosion that changes the surface of the Earth. Wind erosion can have negative effects on the environment by removing soil and polluting the air during dust storms. Which of the following land forms are created by wind erosion?
A. arches and faults
B. sand dunes and arches
C. meanders and moraines
D. moraines and sand dunes
Answer: B
Students are studying some leaves. They group the leaves by shape. Which science process are the students using when they put the leaves in different groups?
A. classifying
B. predicting
C. measuring
D. experimenting
Answer: A
On a warm sunny afternoon, ocean water splashed onto a rock. A short time later, the rock was dry. Which statement best explains what happened to the water on the rock?
A. Heat caused the water to become a gas.
B. Heat melted the water and it disappeared.
C. Salt caused the water to become a gas.
D. Salt melted the water and it disappeared.
Answer: A
Which object in our solar system reflects light and is a satellite that orbits around one planet?
A. Earth
B. Mercury
C. the Sun
D. the Moon
Answer: D
After a rainstorm, a big pile of rocks blocks part of a mountain road. Which event most likely caused the rocks to move onto the road?
A. a tsunami
B. a blizzard
C. a landslide
D. a hurricane
Answer: C
In Alaska, there are fewer hours of daylight in the winter than in the summer. Which statement best explains why this difference occurs?
A. The Sun burns hotter in the summer.
B. The Sun moves below the horizon in the summer.
C. The Northern Hemisphere is closer to the Sun in the winter.
D. The Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun in the winter.
Answer: D
A person catches and measures a large fish called a halibut. She thinks that this halibut is above average in size. To help support her thinking, it would be most helpful to measure
A. many types of fish.
B. many fish of the same type.
C. fish from the same location.
D. fish during a different season.
Answer: B
A negative effect of the invention and use of paper is the
A. increased use of glass bottles.
B. increased number of trees cut down.
C. decreased pollution in trash dumps.
D. decreased amount of books to read.
Answer: B
A teacher places an item in a box. The item takes the shape of the entire container. This item is most likely
A. air.
B. milk.
C. water.
D. paint.
Answer: A
From Earth, the Sun appears brighter than any other star because the Sun is the
A. newest star.
B. largest star.
C. hottest star.
D. closest star.
Answer: D
A person named Leonardo da Vinci studied many things including animals, geology, clouds, and flight. His study of birds helped him design the first parachute. Everything he saw made him ask how and why. Which human quality most likely made this person want to study many different things?
A. duty
B. wisdom
C. kindness
D. curiosity
Answer: D
Which property of water can cause a rock to break apart?
A. Water boiling at 100°C.
B. Water losing energy slowly.
C. Water expanding as it freezes.
D. Water having a high surface tension.
Answer: C
After observing several dogs running, students ask the following question: Do dogs with long hair run faster than dogs with short hair? How can the students best answer their question?
A. record the weights and heights of many dogs
B. measure the speeds and hair lengths of many dogs
C. research to find the type of dog with the longest hair
D. race one long-haired dog against one short-haired dog
Answer: B
Which statement best identifies a basic need of all animals?
A. They need to eat.
B. They need to hide.
C. They need to jump.
D. They need to smell.
Answer: A
A teacher opens a can of food in the front of a classroom. Soon, all of the students in the classroom can smell the food. Which statement identifies a property of a gas that allows all of the students to smell the food?
A. A gas has no mass.
B. A gas has a large mass.
C. A gas takes the shape of its container.
D. A gas keeps its shape when placed in a container.
Answer: C
Many stars can be seen in the sky at night. Which statement best explains why the Sun appears brighter than the stars seen in the night sky?
A. The Sun is bigger than the stars seen in the night sky.
B. The Sun is smaller than the stars seen in the night sky.
C. The Sun is closer to Earth than the stars seen in the night sky.
D. The Sun is farther from Earth than the stars seen in the night sky.
Answer: C
Which physical characteristic do some organisms have that helps them survive in the Arctic?
A. growing tall to hide in trees
B. changing fur color to hide from predators
C. developing large paws to protect themselves from the wind
D. producing shallow root systems to protect themselves from the cold air
Answer: B
A student gives a red toy car a push on a wooden floor. The student then pushes the same red toy car on a cement floor. Which question is the student most likely investigating?
A. How fast does a toy car usually roll?
B. What is the best way to make a toy car roll?
C. Which surface allows a toy car to roll farther?
D. Does color have an effect on the distance a toy car rolls?
Answer: C
Which change is most likely caused by a thunderstorm?
A. a glacier moving
B. a stream flooding
C. a volcano erupting
D. a mountain forming
Answer: B
Which of the following questions is testable in a scientific investigation?
A. Are dogs better pets than cats?.
B. Are dogs happy when they are walked?.
C. Are cats more active at night than during the day?.
D. Are cats easier to take care of than dogs?.
Answer: C
Sterling silver is a combination of silver and copper. Which of the following is also a combination of two or more metals?
A. aluminum.
B. lead.
C. gold.
D. brass.
Answer: D
A scientist needs to take a picture of the well-ordered arrangements of the atoms and molecules within a substance. Which of the following instruments would be best for the scientist to use?
A. a laser light with holograph.
B. a seismograph.
C. an electron microscope.
D. a stereoscope.
Answer: C
Why are most fossils found in sedimentary rocks?
A. Sedimentary rocks are not very old.
B. Organisms live only in areas with sedimentary rock.
C. Organisms can be preserved in sedimentary rock.
D. Sedimentary rocks are found only at the surface of the ground.
Answer: C
A student is trying to identify a mineral that has a nonmetallic luster and is black. It can also be scratched with a fingernail. According to the mineral reference sheet, the unidentified mineral is most likely
A. mica.
B. magnetite.
C. hornblende.
D. quartz.
Answer: A
How do plants most commonly break large rocks into smaller pieces?
A. Plant leaves insulate surrounding rocks from extreme temperatures.
B. Plant roots grow into cracks in rocks.
C. Seeds from plants fall onto rocks and release acidic compounds.
D. Stems of plants surround and squeeze rocks.
Answer: B
The largest body in our solar system is
A. Earth.
B. the Sun.
C. Jupiter.
D. the Moon.
Answer: B
A city has a temperature of 75 °F, with partly cloudy skies. Weather forecasters are predicting that the air pressure and temperature will drop during the day. Which type of weather is most likely for this area in the late afternoon?
A. rainy.
B. sunny.
C. snowing.
D. hailing.
Answer: A
A metal spoon was left in a pot of boiling soup. The cook burned a finger by touching the spoon. Why did the finger get burned?
A. The metal spoon chemically reacted with the cook's hand.
B. The metal spoon conducted electricity to the cook's hand.
C. The metal spoon conducted heat to the cook's hand.
D. The metal spoon insulated the cook's hand.
Answer: C
Which of the following is a property of CO2 gas?
A. It feels like a rock.
B. It smells like a lemon.
C. It is colorless.
D. It is hard.
Answer: C
Which best describes the role of the esophagus in digestion?
A. It releases acid and mixes food.
B. It aids in absorption of nutrients from food.
C. It carries food from the mouth to the stomach.
D. It carries food from the stomach to the intestines.
Answer: C
What do water, aluminum, redwood trees, and valley quail all have in common?
A. They are all pure elements.
B. They are all made of cells.
C. They are all living creatures.
D. They are all made of atoms.
Answer: D
Which of the following is a harmful waste material that leaves the blood and travels through the lungs before leaving the body?
A. CO2.
B. O2.
C. H2O.
D. NaCl.
Answer: A
When electric current flows through the metal filament of a light bulb, electrical energy is converted to
A. heat energy only.
B. heat and light energy.
C. light and motion energy.
D. light energy only.
Answer: B
Which of the following represents a chemical reaction?
A. a sugar cube dissolving in water.
B. ice cubes forming in a freezer.
C. ice cream melting in a bowl.
D. a cake baking in an oven.
Answer: D
Which of the following factors would most likely cause a hurricane to decrease in strength?
A. staying over a warm body of water for a long time.
B. increasing the number of large clouds.
C. moving over a continent.
D. moving toward tropical waters.
Answer: C
Where does oxygen-rich blood go after leaving the lungs?
A. the brain.
B. the heart.
C. the kidney.
D. the stomach.
Answer: B
Which of the following is produced when sugar is digested in an animal cell?
A. carbon dioxide.
B. chlorophyll.
C. oxygen.
D. sunlight.
Answer: A
Shale is a sedimentary rock that can be metamorphosed into slate by
A. cementation.
B. chemical weathering.
C. sedimentation.
D. increased pressure.
Answer: D
Salt concentration, water temperature, plankton, and the whale shark might all be used in a description of an ocean
A. climate.
B. food web.
C. ecosystem.
D. population.
Answer: C
The freezing and thawing action of water affects a rock by
A. transforming the rock into igneous rock.
B. chemically changing the rock.
C. gradually breaking down the rock into smaller pieces.
D. leaving behind sedimentary particles from evaporated solutions.
Answer: C
Which of the following has the greatest effect on the ability of soil to hold water?
A. the age of the soil particles
B. the size of the soil particles
C. the color of the soil particles
D. the luster of the soil particles
Answer: B
Steel cans are separated from aluminum cans in a recycling center. Which of the following is the best way the recycling center can separate the steel cans from the aluminum cans?
A. sort the cans by size
B. put the cans in water
C. cool the cans to a low temperature
D. put the cans under an electromagnet
Answer: D
A student places a sheet of black construction paper on her desk. What happens to most of the light that strikes the black construction paper?
A. The light is bent by the paper.
B. The light reflects off the paper.
C. The light is absorbed by the paper.
D. The light passes through the paper.
Answer: C