ncoop57/mmmlu huggingface dataset:
A tuna is an ocean fish that is well adapted to catching small, fast-moving prey. Which of the following adaptations most helps a tuna swim fast to catch its prey?
A. large fins
B. sharp teeth
C. small gills
D. tough scales
Answer: A
Approximately how long does Earth take to complete its orbit around the Sun?
A. one day
B. one month
C. one year
D. one century
Answer: C
Skyler is selecting the kind of paper he wants to use to make a greeting card. He wants to select paper that does not tear easily. Which of the following features of the paper is most important for Skyler to consider?
A. color
B. size
C. smoothness
D. thickness
Answer: D
The students in an engineering class built a robot that stacks wooden blocks. A built-in computer controls the movement of the robot. The computer in the robot performs a function most similar to which part of the human body?
A. lungs
B. heart
C. brain
D. arms
Answer: C
All the ponds in an area dried up during a drought. The population of which of the following animals that live in the area is most affected by the drought?
A. deer
B. frog
C. hawk
D. squirrel
Answer: B
The Sun appears to move across the sky each day, rising in the east and setting in the west. What causes this apparent motion?
A. the rotation of Earth on its axis
B. the revolution of the Sun around Earth
C. the Earth's distance from the Sun
D. the properties of Earth's atmosphere
Answer: A
Which part of a plant is most responsible for using energy from the Sun to produce food for the plant?
A. flower
B. leaf
C. root
D. stem
Answer: B
In some locations, squirrels sleep for long periods of time during the winter months. Which of the following most likely causes these squirrels to sleep for long periods of time?
A. increase in humidity
B. decrease in temperature
C. clouds forming in the sky
D. winds blowing in the night
Answer: B
A bird has just hatched from an egg. Which of the following stages most likely comes next in the life cycle of the bird?
A. birth
B. death
C. growth
D. reproduction
Answer: C
A student freezes some orange juice. Which of the following statements best describes how the orange juice is different after it is frozen?
A. It is a liquid.
B. It weighs more.
C. It stays in one shape.
D. It takes up less space.
Answer: C
An area received six inches of snow during the winter. Before the snow can continue through the water cycle as ground water or runoff, it must first ___.
A. condense
B. evaporate
C. freeze
D. melt
Answer: D
Every year, green sea turtles migrate approximately 2000 km to reproduce. This migration is an example of
A. a learned behavior.
B. an instinctive behavior.
C. a response to crowding.
D. an escape from predators.
Answer: B
Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. It rotates on its axis once about every 10 hours. What time period on Earth would be 10 hours long if Earth rotated on its axis once every 10 hours?
A. a day
B. a week
C. a month
D. a year
Answer: A
Which of the following is the main role of flowers found on most flowering plants?
A. to take in air
B. to produce seeds
C. to absorb nutrients
D. to protect the stem
Answer: B
Which of the following is a mineral?
A. diamond
B. plastic
C. steel
D. wood
Answer: A
Which of the following statements best explains how the decomposition of plant and animal matter helps to form rich soils?
A. Decomposition adds silt to soil.
B. Decomposition adds water to soil.
C. Decomposition adds oxygen to soil.
D. Decomposition adds nutrients to soil.
Answer: D
Clouds and precipitation moved across western Massachusetts one evening. The temperature changed from 41°F to 28°F. Which of the following changes in precipitation most likely occurred on this evening?
A. sleet changing to hail
B. snow changing to rain
C. rain changing to sleet
D. snow changing to hail
Answer: C
Natural processes shape the surface of Earth. Most canyons are formed by ___.
A. ice
B. plants
C. steady winds
D. moving water
Answer: D
Eye color is a physical trait. Which statement best explains why a child has a specific eye color?
A. Eye color is a learned trait.
B. Eye color is an inherited trait.
C. Eye color is a trait that changes over time.
D. Eye color is a trait that happens by chance.
Answer: B
Scientists estimate that Maryland contains more than 850 million tons of coal. Coal is most commonly used to produce ___.
A. electricity
B. medicine
C. metals
D. water
Answer: A
Animals use resources in the environment to survive. Which of the following resources does an animal use for energy?
A. air
B. food
C. shelter
D. water
Answer: B
Chemical pesticides are sometimes sprayed on crops to kill insects that eat the crops. People have different viewpoints about the use of pesticides on crops. What might be a concern about using pesticides on the crops?
A. Will the food ripen?
B. Will the food stay fresh?
C. Will the food harm humans?
D. Will the food harm bugs in the home?
Answer: C
A student leaves a bucket of water outside on a warm, sunny day. Which process most likely happens to the water in the bucket?
A. melting
B. freezing
C. evaporation
D. condensation
Answer: C
On Earth, water can be a solid, a liquid, or a gas. Which energy source has the greatest influence on the state of matter of water?
A. the sun
B. the wind
C. ocean currents
D. the metal core
Answer: A
The snowshoe hare was once common in Maryland. In 1986, researchers in the state noted that the snowshoe hare was no longer found in Maryland. Which statement best explains why the snowshoe hare is no longer found in Maryland?
A. Water quality has improved.
B. There are too many trees.
C. The temperature is too cold.
D. Housing developments have replaced fields.
Answer: D
Students measure the time for toy cars of different masses to roll down a hill. Which of the following units should the students use to measure time?
A. centimeters
B. grams
C. milliliters
D. seconds
Answer: D
A parent and a child share several characteristics. Both individuals are tall, have curly hair, are good cooks, and have freckles. Which of these characteristics is a learned behavior?
A. being tall
B. having curly hair
C. being a good cook
D. having freckles
Answer: C
Some foods that humans eat, such as corn and peas, are actually seeds from plants. What best describes the role of humans in a food web containing these plants?
A. a consumer
B. a decomposer
C. a producer
D. a scavenger
Answer: A
Many states require vehicles to be examined and to meet safety and pollution standards. What impact might vehicle inspections have on the environment?
A. The environment will not be polluted.
B. The environment will become more polluted.
C. Fewer pollutants will be released by vehicles.
D. Fewer pollutants will be produced by older vehicles.
Answer: C
The mountain chorus frog is an endangered species in Maryland. In addition to the loss of habitat, what most likely caused this frog population to decline?
A. an increase in a food source
B. more frog breeding grounds
C. native wetlands preservation
D. poisons dissolved in the water
Answer: D
In Maryland, most bears have thick, dark fur. Which statement best explains how dark fur helps bears survive in the forests of Maryland?
A. Dark fur is lightweight.
B. Dark fur scares enemies.
C. Dark fur helps bears hide.
D. Dark fur keeps bears cool.
Answer: C
Some objects conduct electricity. Which object is the best conductor of electricity?
A. a metal fork
B. a wood spoon
C. a plastic comb
D. a rubber eraser
Answer: A
Matter that is vibrating is producing ___.
A. gas
B. light
C. sound
D. shadows
Answer: C
Roger poured water over a pile of sand. Some of the sand washed away. This process is similar to which of the following?
A. The eruption of a volcano
B. The erosion of the walls of a canyon
C. The uplifting of mountain ranges
D. The forming of dunes or mounds in a desert
Answer: B
Which are examples of inherited traits?
A. specific beliefs
B. fingerprints
C. memories
D. nose shape
Answer: D
A pencil falls off of a desk. What moves the pencil toward the floor?
A. mass
B. friction
C. gravity
D. speed
Answer: C
Which is an example of a different substance being formed?
A. glass breaking
B. metal melting
C. water freezing
D. wood burning
Answer: D
Which is an example of a decomposer?
A. a hawk
B. a mouse
C. a flower
D. a mushroom
Answer: D
As more people have moved to the beach, the sea turtle population has decreased. Which is most likely the cause of this decrease?
A. tropical storms
B. increase in predators
C. habitat loss
D. warmer temperatures
Answer: C
Which will most likely cause a decrease in predator populations?
A. an increase in prey populations
B. a decrease in prey populations
C. a decrease in decomposers
D. an increase in producers
Answer: B
Which best explains why children resemble their parents?
A. They eat the same foods.
B. They have similar DNA.
C. They speak the same language.
D. They have the same interests.
Answer: B
Why do dogs have most of the characteristics of their parents?
A. They inherit them from their parents.
B. They live in the same habitats as their parents.
C. They learn them by observing their parents.
D. They eat the same foods as their parents.
Answer: A
Which is a characteristic of a dog that is most likely a result of its environment?
A. its color
B. its length of ears
C. its food preference
D. its ability to see in the dark
Answer: C
Which trait do children most likely inherit from their parents?
A. shape of earlobes
B. musical ability
C. personality
D. language
Answer: A
What is the first thing a student should do if an accident happens during a science experiment?
A. report to the teacher
B. clean the laboratory station
C. locate the nearest exit
D. put on safety goggles
Answer: A
In New York State, the longest period of daylight occurs during which month?
A. June
B. March
C. December
D. September
Answer: A
A duck's feathers are covered with a natural oil that keeps the duck dry. This is a special feature ducks have that helps them
A. feed their young
B. adapt to their environment
C. attract a mate
D. search for food
Answer: B
The functions of a plant's roots are to support the plant and
A. make food
B. produce fruit
C. take in water and nutrients
D. aid in germination
Answer: C
Which food is a fruit?
A. a potato
B. an onion
C. a carrot
D. a pumpkin
Answer: D
In which environment would a white rabbit be best protected from predators?
A. a shady forest
B. a snowy field
C. a grassy lawn
D. a muddy riverbank
Answer: B
Frogs lay eggs that develop into tadpoles and then into adult frogs. This sequence of changes is an example of how living things
A. go through a life cycle
B. form a food web
C. act as a source of food
D. affect other parts of the ecosystem
Answer: A
A mother hen clucks loudly when danger is near and her chicks quickly gather around her. Which sense helps the chicks receive this warning about danger from their mother?
A. smell
B. taste
C. sight
D. sound
Answer: D
Temperatures below freezing are expected overnight. What might be done to protect plants growing outside?
A. trim the leaves
B. weed them
C. cover them
D. give them plant food
Answer: C
Sleet, rain, snow, and hail are forms of
A. erosion
B. evaporation
C. groundwater
D. precipitation
Answer: D
A student reaches one hand into a bag filled with smooth objects. The student feels the objects but does not look into the bag. Which property of the objects can the student most likely identify?
A. shape
B. color
C. ability to reflect light
D. ability to conduct electricity
Answer: A
A student has a ball of clay that sinks when placed in a pan of water. Which property should he change to make the clay float?
A. color
B. texture
C. mass
D. shape
Answer: D
A girl signals her friend by shining a flashlight on a mirror. Her friend can see the signal because
A. heat energy can be transferred from one object to another
B. mechanical energy can be transferred from one object to another
C. sound energy can be reflected from one object to another
D. light energy can be reflected from one object to another
Answer: D
Which part of a plant produces the seeds?
A. flower
B. leaves
C. stem
D. roots
Answer: A
Fourth graders are planning a roller-skate race. Which surface would be the best for this race?
A. gravel
B. sand
C. blacktop
D. grass
Answer: C
Which instrument would be best to measure the volume of a liquid?
A. a pan balance
B. a stopwatch
C. a thermometer
D. a graduated cylinder
Answer: D
What is one way that humans can maintain good health?
A. sleep all day
B. exercise daily
C. eat snacks often
D. stay up late
Answer: B
Water freezing is an example of a
A. liquid changing to a solid
B. solid changing to a liquid
C. gas changing to a solid
D. gas changing to a liquid
Answer: A
Which form of energy is needed to change water from a liquid to a gas?
A. heat
B. mechanical
C. chemical
D. sound
Answer: A
Which object is the best conductor of electricity?
A. a wax crayon
B. a plastic spoon
C. a rubber eraser
D. an iron nail
Answer: D
Base your answers on the information below. One hot, summer day it rained very heavily. After the rain, a plastic pan on a picnic table had 2 cm of rainwater in it. Four hours later, all the rainwater in the pan was gone. Which process caused the rainwater in the pan to disappear as it sat outside in the hot air?
A. condensation
B. evaporation
C. precipitation
D. erosion
Answer: B
Which example describes an organism taking in nutrients?
A. a dog burying a bone
B. a girl eating an apple
C. an insect crawling on a leaf
D. a boy planting tomatoes in a garden
Answer: B
Animals get energy for growth and repair from
A. soil
B. food
C. water
D. air
Answer: B
A dog opens its mouth and lets its tongue hang out. A human's body produces sweat. These are two ways that organisms may adjust to
A. cold temperatures
B. hot temperatures
C. a shortage of food
D. a shortage of drinking water
Answer: B
During which season of the year would a rabbit's fur be thickest?
A. fall
B. spring
C. summer
D. winter
Answer: D
Which animal is preparing for a seasonal change in the environment?
A. a bat flying at night
B. a deer drinking water
C. an owl eating a mouse
D. a squirrel storing nuts
Answer: D
An example of a poor health habit is
A. taking a bath or shower regularly
B. handwashing after using the bathroom
C. playing on a soccer team
D. eating candy instead of lunch
Answer: D
Which substance is usually found in nature as a liquid, solid, and gas?
A. water
B. rock
C. metal
D. glass
Answer: A
A student is growing some plants for an experiment. She notices small white spots on the leaves. Which tool should she use to get a better look at the spots?
A. thermometer
B. hand lens
C. graduated cylinder
D. balance
Answer: B
Which characteristic is inherited rather than learned?
A. telling a story
B. saluting the flag
C. having blue eyes
D. riding a bicycle
Answer: C
When a person speaks into a telephone, sound energy is changed mostly into which form of energy?
A. heat
B. light
C. electrical
D. chemical
Answer: C
A car skids along the road and smoke appears to be coming from under the tires. The heat that produces the smoke is caused by
A. magnetism
B. sound
C. light
D. friction
Answer: D
In which example could a thermometer be used to show that heat energy is being transferred?
A. A piano is played by striking the keys.
B. A shovel is used to move dirt from one place to another.
C. A ball is thrown into the air.
D. A stove is used to boil water in a pan.
Answer: D
When a baby shakes a rattle, it makes a noise. Which form of energy was changed to sound energy?
A. electrical
B. light
C. mechanical
D. heat
Answer: C
A ball is tossed up in the air and it comes back down. The ball comes back down because of
A. gravity
B. friction
C. erosion
D. magnetism
Answer: A
What is the main function of scales on a fish?
A. to protect the fish
B. to attract predators
C. to help the fish find food
D. to help the fish breathe
Answer: A
A simple machine that helps move a flag up a flagpole is
A. a bar magnet
B. an inclined plane
C. a pulley
D. a lever
Answer: C
Which behavior is an example of an animal adapting to a change in the environment?
A. a squirrel climbing a tree
B. a rabbit feeding its young
C. a frog eating an insect
D. a bird migrating south
Answer: D
Which is the best example of evaporation?
A. raindrops freezing
B. an ice cube melting
C. a puddle drying in the sun
D. a sponge soaking up water
Answer: C
A marble is dropped in a glass of water. Which force pulls the marble to the bottom of the glass?
A. electricity
B. friction
C. gravity
D. magnetism
Answer: C
Which characteristic helps a fox find food?
A. sense of smell
B. thick fur
C. long tail
D. pointed teeth
Answer: A
Which process causes the leaves of a plant to become larger?
A. repair
B. growth
C. decomposition
D. germination
Answer: B
A turtle eating worms is an example of
A. breathing
B. reproducing
C. eliminating waste
D. taking in nutrients
Answer: D
The main function of a duck's webbed feet is to help the duck
A. make noise
B. protect itself
C. swim in water
D. find a mate
Answer: C
One way animals usually respond to a sudden drop in temperature is by
A. sweating
B. shivering
C. blinking
D. salivating
Answer: B
A student puts two identical plants in the same type and amount of soil. She gives them the same amount of water. She puts one of these plants near a sunny window and the other in a dark room. This experiment tests how the plants respond to
A. light
B. air
C. water
D. soil
Answer: A
Which human activity most often has a harmful effect on the environment?
A. breathing
B. growing
C. planting
D. polluting
Answer: D
In New York State, the shortest period of daylight occurs during which month?
A. December
B. June
C. March
D. September
Answer: A
Sleet and hail are forms of
A. clouds
B. energy
C. evaporation
D. precipitation
Answer: D
The movement of soil by wind or water is called
A. condensation
B. evaporation
C. erosion
D. friction
Answer: C
Which tool is used to measure the volume of a liquid?
A. balance
B. ruler
C. thermometer
D. graduated cylinder
Answer: D
Which tool should a student use to compare the masses of two small rocks?
A. balance
B. hand lens
C. ruler
D. measuring cup
Answer: A
Which object is the best conductor of electricity?
A. metal fork
B. rubber boot
C. plastic spoon
D. wooden bat
Answer: A
If an object is attracted to a magnet, the object is most likely made of
A. wood
B. plastic
C. cardboard
D. metal
Answer: D
Growing thicker fur in the winter helps some animals to
A. hide from danger
B. attract a mate
C. find food
D. keep warm
Answer: D
Apple trees can live for many years, but bean plants usually live for only a few months. This statement suggests that
A. different plants have different life spans
B. plants depend on other plants
C. plants produce many offspring
D. seasonal changes help plants grow
Answer: A
What form of energy causes an ice cube to melt?
A. mechanical
B. magnetic
C. sound
D. heat
Answer: D
Which activity is necessary for humans to maintain good health?
A. reading
B. resting
C. driving
D. talking
Answer: B
A decrease in air temperature from 60°F to 35°F would most likely cause a person to
A. shiver
B. sweat
C. blink his eyes
D. feel sleepy
Answer: A
Some birds fly south before winter each year. This is an example of
A. migration
B. hibernation
C. germination
D. evaporation
Answer: A
Living things depend on energy from
A. the Sun
B. the Moon
C. soil
D. water
Answer: A
Which adaptation often helps an animal attract a mate?
A. hibernation
B. camouflage
C. coloration
D. migration
Answer: C
Which unit of measurement can be used to describe the length of a desk?
A. centimeters
B. grams
C. liters
D. degrees Celsius
Answer: A
A decomposer is an organism that
A. preys on other animals
B. eats only plants
C. recycles nutrients
D. uses sunlight to make food
Answer: C
Which force causes a marble to sink to the bottom of a glass of water?
A. gravity
B. friction
C. magnetism
D. electricity
Answer: A
What motion causes day and night?
A. revolution of Earth
B. revolution of the Moon
C. rotation of Earth
D. rotation of the Moon
Answer: C
Which instrument should a student use to measure exactly 10 milliliters (mL) of water?
A. graduated cylinder
B. pan balance
C. ruler
D. thermometer
Answer: A
An object's hardness, taste, and texture are examples of
A. principles
B. stages
C. properties
D. processes
Answer: C
Windy, cloudy, rainy, and cold are words that help describe
A. evaporation
B. deposition
C. matter
D. weather
Answer: D
What form of energy is being used when a person pushes a wooden block across the floor?
A. mechanical
B. magnetic
C. sound
D. electrical
Answer: A
Which physical structure would best help a bear to survive a winter in New York State?
A. big ears
B. black nose
C. thick fur
D. brown eyes
Answer: C
What do all animals need in order to survive?
A. rocks, water, and soil
B. water, air, and food
C. air, rocks, and sunlight
D. food, soil, and sunlight
Answer: B
During winter, the white fur of an arctic fox blends in with the snow. This adaptation is called
A. hibernation
B. migration
C. camouflage
D. movement
Answer: C
Since green plants make their own food, they are called
A. predators
B. prey
C. decomposers
D. producers
Answer: D
Which sense can be used to determine an object's ability to reflect light?
A. sight
B. hearing
C. smell
D. taste
Answer: A
Humans depend on which natural resource from the environment?
A. water
B. houses
C. electricity
D. roads
Answer: A
Which characteristic can a puppy inherit from its parents?
A. muddy paws
B. spotted fur
C. broken foot
D. scar on face
Answer: B
Many birds fly south for the winter. This adaptation is called
A. hibernation
B. germination
C. migration
D. communication
Answer: C
Green plants get the energy they need to make food from
A. air
B. sunlight
C. water
D. soil
Answer: B
When plants and animals die, which organisms help return nutrients to the food chain?
A. decomposers
B. predators
C. prey
D. producers
Answer: A
Some butterflies live an average of two weeks. This period of time is called a life
A. process
B. span
C. change
D. cycle
Answer: B
During an experiment, a student reports that a liquid turned green when mixed with another liquid. This is an example of
A. a measurement
B. a prediction
C. an explanation
D. an observation
Answer: D
A student drops a ball. Which force causes the ball to fall to the ground?
A. electricity
B. friction
C. gravity
D. magnetism
Answer: C
When an ice cube melts, its state of matter changes from a
A. gas to a liquid
B. solid to a liquid
C. liquid to a solid
D. solid to a gas
Answer: B
Which unit can be used to describe an object's length?
A. grams
B. minutes
C. liters
D. meters
Answer: D
Which form of energy is found in food?
A. chemical
B. electrical
C. sound
D. mechanical
Answer: A
A student crumples up a sheet of paper. Which property of the paper has changed?
A. color
B. mass
C. state
D. shape
Answer: D
A student riding a bicycle observes that it moves faster on a smooth road than on a rough road. This happens because the smooth road has
A. less gravity
B. more gravity
C. less friction
D. more friction
Answer: C
Which object is nonliving?
A. bear
B. bicycle
C. bird
D. butterfly
Answer: B
An example of a learned trait is
A. being able to read
B. being able to breathe
C. having a scar
D. having brown eyes
Answer: A
Which two activities are carried out by all species of living things?
A. make food and eliminate waste
B. hibernate and take in nutrients
C. grow and reproduce
D. migrate and seek shelter
Answer: C
A fox grows thicker fur as a season changes. This adaptation helps the fox to
A. find food
B. keep warmer
C. grow stronger
D. escape from predators
Answer: B
Which activity is an example of a good health habit?
A. watching television
B. smoking cigarettes
C. eating candy
D. exercising every day
Answer: D
A decomposer is an organism that
A. hunts and eats animals
B. migrates for the winter
C. breaks down dead plants and animals
D. uses water and sunlight to make food
Answer: C
What is the main source of energy for the water cycle?
A. electricity
B. erosion
C. gravity
D. sunlight
Answer: D
Which human activity is most harmful to the natural environment?
A. swimming in a lake
B. riding a bicycle
C. cutting down a rain forest
D. using solar energy
Answer: C
Which two observations are both used to describe weather?
A. precipitation and runoff
B. temperature and sky conditions
C. wind speed and erosion
D. types of clouds and deposition
Answer: B