nc33/MultiSpan_SQUAD huggingface dataset:
Republic_of_the_Congo

The Republic of the Congo received full independence from France on August 15, 1960. Fulbert Youlou ruled as the country's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him. The Congolese military took charge of the country briefly and installed a civilian provisional government headed by Alphonse Massamba-Débat.

Question: On what date was the Congo made fully independent from colonial rule?
Answer: August 15, 1960

Question: Who was the first leader of the independent Congo?
Answer: Fulbert Youlou

Question: Who replaced Youlou?
Answer: Alphonse Massamba-Débat

Question: Who were responsible for the revolts that ended with Youlou's removal?
Answer: labour elements and rival political parties

Question: Who took control of the company during the transition from Youlou to Debat?
Answer: Congolese military
Republic_of_the_Congo

Under the 1963 constitution, Massamba-Débat was elected President for a five-year term. During Massamba-Débat's term in office the regime adopted "scientific socialism" as the country's constitutional ideology. In 1965, Congo established relations with the Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China, North Korea and North Vietnam. Massamba-Débat's regime also invited several hundred Cuban army troops into the country to train his party's militia units and these troops helped his government survive a coup in 1966 led by paratroopers loyal to future President Marien Ngouabi. Nevertheless, Massamba-Débat was unable to reconcile various institutional, tribal and ideological factions within the country and his regime ended abruptly with a bloodless coup d'état in September 1968.

Question: Who became president of the Congo in 1963?
Answer: Massamba-Débat

Question: What was a term that could describe the political philosophy of the Congo under Massamba-Debat?
Answer: scientific socialism

Question: Soldiers from which country were brought to the Congo?
Answer: Cuban

Question: When did Massamba-Debat lose power in the Congo?
Answer: September 1968
Republic_of_the_Congo

Marien Ngouabi, who had participated in the coup, assumed the presidency on December 31, 1968. One year later, President Ngouabi proclaimed Congo Africa's first "people's republic", the People's Republic of the Congo, and announced the decision of the National Revolutionary Movement to change its name to the Congolese Labour Party (PCT). Ngouabi survived an attempted coup in 1972 but was assassinated on March 16, 1977. An 11-member Military Committee of the Party (CMP) was then named to head an interim government with Joachim Yhombi-Opango to serve as President of the Republic. Two years later, Yhombi-Opango was forced from power and Denis Sassou Nguesso become the new president.

Question: Who became president of the Congo in 1968?
Answer: Marien Ngouabi

Question: What did the Congo's name become under Ngouabi?
Answer: People's Republic of the Congo

Question: What did the National Revolutionary Movement's name become?
Answer: Congolese Labour Party

Question: In what year was a coup attempted against Ngouabi?
Answer: 1972

Question: On what date was Ngouabi assassinated?
Answer: March 16, 1977
Republic_of_the_Congo

Sassou Nguesso aligned the country with the Eastern Bloc and signed a twenty-year friendship pact with the Soviet Union. Over the years, Sassou had to rely more on political repression and less on patronage to maintain his dictatorship.

Question: Which group of nations did Nguesso side the Congo with?
Answer: Eastern Bloc

Question: Which Eastern Bloc nation did Nguesso sign a pact with?
Answer: the Soviet Union

Question: What is a word that can be used to describe Sassou's type of government?
Answer: dictatorship

Question: What was an important tool of the Sassou government?
Answer: political repression
Republic_of_the_Congo

Pascal Lissouba, who became Congo's first elected president (1992–1997) during the period of multi-party democracy, attempted to implement economic reforms with IMF backing to liberalise the economy. In June 1996 the IMF approved a three-year SDR69.5m (US$100m) enhanced structural adjustment facility (ESAF) and was on the verge of announcing a renewed annual agreement when civil war broke out in Congo in mid-1997.

Question: Who was elected president of the Congo in 1992?
Answer: Pascal Lissouba

Question: Who supported the measures of liberalisation Lissouba tried to employ to reform the economy?
Answer: IMF

Question: What interrupted the renewal of the IMF agreement with the Congo?
Answer: civil war

Question: What does ESAF stand for?
Answer: enhanced structural adjustment facility
Republic_of_the_Congo

Congo's democratic progress was derailed in 1997 when Lissouba and Sassou started to fight for power in the civil war. As presidential elections scheduled for July 1997 approached, tensions between the Lissouba and Sassou camps mounted. On June 5, President Lissouba's government forces surrounded Sassou's compound in Brazzaville and Sassou ordered members of his private militia (known as "Cobras") to resist. Thus began a four-month conflict that destroyed or damaged much of Brazzaville and caused tens of thousands of civilian deaths. In early October, the Angolan socialist régime began an invasion of Congo to install Sassou in power. In mid-October, the Lissouba government fell. Soon thereafter, Sassou declared himself president.

Question: Which two figures clashed over leadership of the Congo in 1997?
Answer: Lissouba and Sassou

Question: What is the name of Sassou's personal army?
Answer: Cobras

Question: What nationality were the forces that invaded the Congo to assist Sassou in taking control of the country?
Answer: Angolan

Question: In what month did Sassou regain the presidency?
Answer: October
Republic_of_the_Congo

In the controversial elections in 2002, Sassou won with almost 90% of the vote cast. His two main rivals, Lissouba and Bernard Kolelas, were prevented from competing and the only remaining credible rival, Andre Milongo, advised his supporters to boycott the elections and then withdrew from the race. A new constitution, agreed upon by referendum in January 2002, granted the president new powers, extended his term to seven years, and introduced a new bicameral assembly. International observers took issue with the organization of the presidential election and the constitutional referendum, both of which were reminiscent in their organization of Congo's era of the one-party state. Following the presidential elections, fighting restarted in the Pool region between government forces and rebels led by Pastor Ntumi; a peace treaty to end the conflict was signed in April 2003.

Question: Which politican left the presidential race after supporting a boycott by voters?
Answer: Milongo

Question: How long did the presidential term become under the new constitution?
Answer: seven years

Question: When was the new constitution ratified?
Answer: January 2002

Question: When was an end brought to the fighting between the government and Ntumi's rebels?
Answer: April 2003
Republic_of_the_Congo

Sassou also won the following presidential election in July 2009. According to the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights, a non-governmental organization, the election was marked by "very low" turnout and "fraud and irregularities".

Question: Who won the presidential election in 2009?
Answer: Sassou

Question: Which group provided oversight for the electoral process in 2009?
Answer: Congolese Observatory of Human Rights

Question: What kind of turnout did the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights experience in the 2009 elections?
Answer: very low
Republic_of_the_Congo

Congo-Brazzaville has had a multi-party political system since the early 1990s, although the system is heavily dominated by President Denis Sassou Nguesso; he has lacked serious competition in the presidential elections held under his rule. Sassou Nguesso is backed by his own Congolese Labour Party (French: Parti Congolais du Travail) as well as a range of smaller parties.

Question: What kind of political system has existed in Congo-Brazzaville since the '90s?
Answer: multi-party

Question: Which party does Sassou belong to?
Answer: Congolese Labour Party

Question: What is the French term for Sassou's political party?
Answer: Parti Congolais du Travail
Republic_of_the_Congo

On March 27, 2015 Sassou Nguesso announced that his government would hold a referendum to change the country's 2002 constitution and allow him to run for a third consecutive term in office. On October 25 the government held a referendum to allow Sassou Nguesso to run in the next election. The government claimed that the proposal as approved by 92 percent of voters with 72 percent of eligible voters participating. The opposition, who had boycotted the referendum claimed that the government's statistics were false and that the vote was a sham.

Question: When did Sassou reveal that there would be a vote to alter the 2002 constitution?
Answer: March 27, 2015

Question: Which term did the new constitution allow Sassou to pursue?
Answer: third
Republic_of_the_Congo

In 2008, the main media were owned by the government, but many more privately run forms of media were being created. There is one government-owned television station and around 10 small private television channels.

Question: Who controlled the media in the Congo in 2008
Answer: the government

Question: How many government TV stations exist?
Answer: one

Question: How many smaller stations exist that are not government-run?
Answer: 10
Republic_of_the_Congo

Many Pygmies belong from birth to Bantus in a relationship many refer to as slavery. The Congolese Human Rights Observatory says that the Pygmies are treated as property the same way "pets" are. On December 30, 2010, the Congolese parliament adopted a law for the promotion and protection of the rights of indigenous peoples. This law is the first of its kind in Africa, and its adoption is a historic development for indigenous peoples on the continent.

Question: Who is considered to own members of the Pygmies?
Answer: Bantus

Question: The treatment of Pygmies has been compared to the treatment of what?
Answer: pets

Question: When did the government of the Congo pass a law to assist indigenous people?
Answer: December 30, 2010
Republic_of_the_Congo

Congo is located in the central-western part of sub-Saharan Africa, along the Equator, lying between latitudes 4°N and 5°S, and longitudes 11° and 19°E. To the south and east of it is the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is also bounded by Gabon to the west, Cameroon and the Central African Republic to the north, and Cabinda (Angola) to the southwest. It has a short coast on the Atlantic Ocean.

Question: Between which two lines of latitude is the Congo located?
Answer: 4°N and 5°S

Question: Between which two lines of longitude is the Congo located?
Answer: 11° and 19°E

Question: What ocean connects to the Congo?
Answer: Atlantic Ocean

Question: Which country lies southwest of the Congo?
Answer: Cabinda

Question: What is another name for Cabinda?
Answer: Angola
Republic_of_the_Congo

The capital, Brazzaville, is located on the Congo River, in the south of the country, immediately across from Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Question: What is the capital of the Congo?
Answer: Brazzaville

Question: On what river can Brazzaville be found?
Answer: Congo River

Question: What lies directly across the Congo River from Brazzaville?
Answer: Kinshasa

Question: What country does Kinshasa serve as capital of?
Answer: Democratic Republic of the Congo
Republic_of_the_Congo

The southwest of the country is a coastal plain for which the primary drainage is the Kouilou-Niari River; the interior of the country consists of a central plateau between two basins to the south and north. Forests are under increasing exploitation pressure.

Question: What kind of terrain is found in the southwest part of the Congo?
Answer: coastal plain

Question: Which river serves as drainage for the southwest plain of the Congo?
Answer: Kouilou-Niari River

Question: The middle of the country features what kind of geography?
Answer: plateau

Question: What areas are facing pressure to be used for commercial gain?
Answer: Forests
Republic_of_the_Congo

Since the country is located on the Equator, the climate is consistent year-round, with the average day temperature being a humid 24 °C (75 °F) and nights generally between 16 °C (61 °F) and 21 °C (70 °F). The average yearly rainfall ranges from 1,100 millimetres (43 in) in south in the Niari Valley to over 2,000 millimetres (79 in) in central parts of the country. The dry season is from June to August while in the majority of the country the wet season has two rainfall maxima: one in March–May and another in September–November.

Question: On what major line of latitude is the Congo located?
Answer: Equator

Question: What is the average temperature in the Congo when the sun is up?
Answer: 24 °C (75 °F)

Question: What is the average temperature range in the Congo during the night time?
Answer: 16 °C (61 °F) and 21 °C (70 °F)

Question: When does the Congo experience dry season?
Answer: June to August
Republic_of_the_Congo

In 2006–07, researchers from the Wildlife Conservation Society studied gorillas in heavily forested regions centered on the Ouesso district of the Sangha Region. They suggest a population on the order of 125,000 Western Lowland Gorillas, whose isolation from humans has been largely preserved by inhospitable swamps.

Question: Which group studied gorillas in 2006-07?
Answer: Wildlife Conservation Society

Question: What region is home to the gorillas studied by the Wildlife Conservation Society?
Answer: Sangha Region

Question: What was responsible for maintaining the separation between the gorillas and humans?
Answer: inhospitable swamps
Republic_of_the_Congo

The economy is a mixture of village agriculture and handicrafts, an industrial sector based largely on petroleum, support services, and a government characterized by budget problems and overstaffing. Petroleum extraction has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy. In 2008, oil sector accounted for 65% of the GDP, 85% of government revenue, and 92% of exports. The country also has large untapped mineral wealth.

Question: What is the focus of the Congo's industrial production?
Answer: Petroleum

Question: What are two issues in the Congolese government?
Answer: budget problems and overstaffing

Question: What did petroleum production replace as the focus of the economy?
Answer: forestry

Question: What percentage of the Congo's gross domestic product did petroleum account for in 2008?
Answer: 65%

Question: What percentage of exported goods did oil account for in 2008?
Answer: 92%
Republic_of_the_Congo

In the early 1980s, rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the government to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5% annually, one of the highest rates in Africa. The government has mortgaged a substantial portion of its petroleum earnings, contributing to a shortage of revenues. January 12, 1994 devaluation of Franc Zone currencies by 50% resulted in inflation of 46% in 1994, but inflation has subsided since.

Question: What did income from petroleum allow the government to fund in the early '80s?
Answer: large-scale development projects

Question: What was the Congo's annual increase in gross domestic product in the early '80s?
Answer: 5%

Question: By how much were Franc Zone currencies devalued in January of 1994?
Answer: 50%

Question: How much inflation did the Congo experience as a result of the devaluation of the Franc?
Answer: 46%
Republic_of_the_Congo

Economic reform efforts continued with the support of international organizations, notably the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The reform program came to a halt in June 1997 when civil war erupted. When Sassou Nguesso returned to power at the end of the war in October 1997, he publicly expressed interest in moving forward on economic reforms and privatization and in renewing cooperation with international financial institutions. However, economic progress was badly hurt by slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict in December 1998, which worsened the republic's budget deficit.

Question: What caused reform efforts to cease in 1997?
Answer: civil war

Question: What are two reasons why the economy was not able to progress following the civil war?
Answer: slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict

Question: When did military conflict resume in the Congo?
Answer: December 1998
Republic_of_the_Congo

The current administration presides over an uneasy internal peace and faces difficult economic problems of stimulating recovery and reducing poverty, despite record-high oil prices since 2003. Natural gas and diamonds are also recent major Congolese exports, although Congo was excluded from the Kimberley Process in 2004 amid allegations that most of its diamond exports were in fact being smuggled out of the neighboring Democratic Republic of Congo; it was re-admitted to the group in 2007.

Question: What are two economic issues faced by the Congolese government?
Answer: stimulating recovery and reducing poverty

Question: What two exports has the Congo begun producing recently?
Answer: Natural gas and diamonds

Question: When was the Congo allowed back into the Kimberley Process?
Answer: 2007
Republic_of_the_Congo

The Republic of the Congo also has large untapped base metal, gold, iron and phosphate deposits. The country is a member of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA). The Congolese government signed an agreement in 2009 to lease 200,000 hectares of land to South African farmers to reduce its dependence on imports.

Question: What precious metals and minerals have yet to be utilized in the Republic of the Congo?
Answer: base metal, gold, iron and phosphate

Question: What business organization is the Congo a member of?
Answer: Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa

Question: How much land did the Congolese government agree to lease to South Africans in 2009?
Answer: 200,000 hectares
Republic_of_the_Congo

Transport in the Republic of the Congo includes land, air and water transportation. The country's rail system was built by forced laborers during the 1930s and largely remains in operation. There are also over 1000 km of paved roads and two major international airports (Maya-Maya Airport and Pointe Noire Airport) which have flights to Paris and many African cities. The country also has a large port on the Atlantic Ocean at Pointe-Noire and others along the Congo River at Brazzaville and Impfondo.

Question: What forms of transport are available in the Congo?
Answer: land, air and water

Question: When was the Congo's train system built?
Answer: 1930s

Question: What is a common destination outside of Africa for Congolese airlines?
Answer: Paris

Question: On what ocean is a major port located?
Answer: Atlantic Ocean
Republic_of_the_Congo

Ethnically and linguistically the population of the Republic of the Congo is diverse—Ethnologue recognises 62 spoken languages in the country—but can be grouped into three categories. The Kongo are the largest ethnic group and form roughly half of the population. The most significant subgroups of the Kongo are Laari in Brazzaville and Pool regions and Vili around Pointe-Noire and along the Atlantic coast. The second largest group are the Teke who live to the north of Brazzaville with 17% of the population. Boulangui (M’Boshi) live in the northwest and in Brazzaville and form 12% of the population. Pygmies make up 2% of Congo's population.

Question: How many languages are used in the Congo?
Answer: 62

Question: What is the most populous ethnicity in the Congo?
Answer: Kongo

Question: How much of the population is constituted by Pygmies?
Answer: 2%

Question: What percentage of the population of the Congo is Boulangui?
Answer: 12%
Republic_of_the_Congo

Before the 1997 war, about 9,000 Europeans and other non-Africans lived in Congo, most of whom were French; only a fraction of this number remains. Around 300 American expatriates reside in the Congo.

Question: Prior to the civil war in '97, how many non-Africans lived in the Republic of the Congo?
Answer: about 9,000

Question: What was the dominant nationality among Europeans living in the Congo prior to the civil war?
Answer: French

Question: How many Americans live in the Congo?
Answer: Around 300
Republic_of_the_Congo

According to CIA World Factbook, the people of Republic of the Congo are largely a mix of Catholics (33.1%), Awakening Lutherans (22.3%) and other Protestants (19.9%). Followers of Islam make up 1.6%, and this is primarily due to an influx of foreign workers into the urban centers.

Question: What is the most commonly practiced religion in the Congo?
Answer: Catholics

Question: What percentage of Congolese citizens identify as Awakening Lutherans?
Answer: 22.3%

Question: What portion of the Congolese population is Protestant?
Answer: 19.9%

Question: What is the percentage of Muslims living in the Congo?
Answer: 1.6%

Question: Who form the majority of Islamic residents of the Congo?
Answer: foreign workers
Republic_of_the_Congo

Public expenditure health was at 8.9% of the GDP in 2004, whereas private expenditure was at 1.3%. As of 2012, the HIV/AIDS prevalence was at 2.8% among 15- to 49-year-olds. Health expenditure was at US$30 per capita in 2004. A large proportion of the population is undernourished, with malnutrition being a problem in Congo-Brazzaville. There were 20 physicians per 100,000 persons in the early 2000s (decade).

Question: How much of the gross domestic product was spent on public health in 2004?
Answer: 8.9%

Question: What was the overall incidence of HIV or AIDS throughout the 15 to 49 year old population?
Answer: 2.8%

Question: How much was spent per capita on health in 2004 as measured in US dollars?
Answer: $30

Question: For every 100,000 people, how many phyisicians were there in the Congo in the early '00s?
Answer: 20
Republic_of_the_Congo

As of 2010, the maternal mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country.

Question: As measured in 2010, how many deaths occurred for every 100,000 live births in the Congo?
Answer: 560

Question: What does FGM stand for?
Answer: Female genital mutilation

Question: How many infants die for every 1,000 live births?
Answer: 59.34
Republic_of_the_Congo

Public expenditure of the GDP was less in 2002–05 than in 1991. Public education is theoretically free and mandatory for under-16-year-olds, but in practice, expenses exist. Net primary enrollment rate was 44% in 2005, much less than the 79% in 1991. The country has universities. Education between ages six and sixteen is compulsory. Pupils who complete six years of primary school and seven years of secondary school obtain a baccalaureate. At the university, students can obtain a bachelor's degree in three years and a master's after four. Marien Ngouabi University—which offers courses in medicine, law and several other fields—is the country's only public university. Instruction at all levels is in French, and the educational system as a whole models the French system. The educational infrastructure has been seriously degraded as a result of political and economic crises. There are no seats in most classrooms, forcing children to sit on the floor. Enterprising individuals have set up private schools, but they often lack the technical knowledge and familiarity with the national curriculum to teach effectively. Families frequently enroll their children in private schools only to find they cannot make the payments.

Question: Public schooling is required for people under what age?
Answer: 16

Question: What was the school enrollment rate in 2005?
Answer: 44%

Question: What do students who finish 13 years of schooling receive?
Answer: baccalaureate

Question: What language is used in Congolese schools?
Answer: French