nc33/MultiSpan_SQUAD huggingface dataset:
Canadian_Armed_Forces

In 2008 the Government of Canada made efforts, through the Canada First Defence Strategy, to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces, through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness, as well as the establishment of the Canadian Special Operations Regiment. More funds were also put towards recruitment, which had been dwindling throughout the 1980s and '90s, possibly because the Canadian populace had come to perceive the CAF as peacekeepers rather than as soldiers, as shown in a 2008 survey conducted for the Department of National Defence. The poll found that nearly two thirds of Canadians agreed with the country's participation in the invasion of Afghanistan, and that the military should be stronger, but also that the purpose of the forces should be different, such as more focused on responding to natural disasters. Then CDS, Walter Natynczyk, said later that year that while recruiting has become more successful, the CF was facing a problem with its rate of loss of existing members, which increased between 2006 and 2008 from 6% to 9.2% annually.

Question: What was the effort called to upgrade the Canadian Forces?
Answer: the Canada First Defence Strategy

Question: How were the Canadian Forces upgraded in 2008?
Answer: through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness

Question: What major problem is the CAF trying to address currently?
Answer: loss of existing members
Canadian_Armed_Forces

The 2006 renewal and re-equipment effort has resulted in the acquisition of specific equipment (main battle tanks, artillery, unmanned air vehicles and other systems) to support the mission in Afghanistan. It has also encompassed initiatives to renew certain so-called "core capabilities" (such as the air force's medium range transport aircraft fleet – the C-130 Hercules – and the army's truck and armoured vehicle fleets). In addition, new systems (such as C-17 Globemaster III strategic transport aircraft and CH-47 Chinook heavy-lift helicopters) have also been acquired for the Armed Forces. Although the viability of the Canada First Defence Strategy continues to suffer setbacks from challenging and evolving fiscal and other factors, it originally aimed to:

Question: What equipment was acquired to aid in Afghanistan?
Answer: main battle tanks, artillery, unmanned air vehicles

Question: What large transport plane is part of the CAF mission?
Answer: C-130 Hercules

Question: What new type of helicopter was recently acquired?
Answer: CH-47 Chinook heavy-lift helicopters

Question: When was the renewal and re-equipment effort started?
Answer: 2006
Canadian_Armed_Forces

In the 1950s, the recruitment of women was open to roles in medicine, communication, logistics, and administration. The roles of women in the CAF began to expand in 1971, after the Department reviewed the recommendations of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women, at which time it lifted the ceiling of 1,500 women personnel, and gradually expanded employment opportunities into the non-traditional areas—vehicle drivers and mechanics, aircraft mechanics, air-traffic controllers, military police, and firefighters. The Department further reviewed personnel policies in 1978 and 1985, after Parliament passed the Canadian Human Rights Act and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. As a result of these reviews, the Department changed its policies to permit women to serve at sea in replenishment ships and in a diving tender, with the army service battalions, in military police platoons and field ambulance units, and in most air squadrons.

Question: What roles were women recruited for in the 1950s?
Answer: medicine, communication, logistics, and administration

Question: What year did further recruitment for women open in the CAF?
Answer: 1971

Question: What non traditional tasks were women recruited for in the 1970s?
Answer: vehicle drivers and mechanics, aircraft mechanics, air-traffic controllers

Question: Why were women eventually allowed to serve at sea in the CAF?
Answer: the Department changed its policies

Question: What charter directly affected a women's right to serve in the CAF?
Answer: Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Canadian_Armed_Forces

In 1987, occupations and units with the primary role of preparing for direct involvement in combat on the ground or at sea were still closed to women: infantry, armoured corps, field artillery, air-defence artillery, signals, field engineers, and naval operations. On 5 February 1987, the Minister of National Defence created an office to study the impact of employing men and women in combat units. These trials were called Combat-Related Employment of Women.

Question: Name some of the jobs in the CAF off limits to women in the 1980s.
Answer: infantry, armoured corps, field artillery, air-defence artillery

Question: On what date was a study created to research the impart of women in direct involvement?
Answer: 5 February 1987

Question: Who created an office to study these effects?
Answer: the Minister of National Defence

Question: What was the study called?
Answer: Combat-Related Employment of Women
Canadian_Armed_Forces

All military occupations were open to women in 1989, with the exception of submarine service, which opened in 2000. Throughout the 1990s, the introduction of women into the combat arms increased the potential recruiting pool by about 100 percent. It also provided opportunities for all persons to serve their country to the best of their abilities. Women were fully integrated in all occupations and roles by the government of Jean Chretien, and by 8 March 2000, even allowed to serve on submarines.

Question: What year were most military occupations opened to women?
Answer: 1989

Question: What military occupation wasn't opened to women until the 2000s?
Answer: submarine service

Question: By how much did opening these jobs to women increase the recruiting pool by?
Answer: 100 percent

Question: Which government was responsible in Canadian history for this fact?
Answer: the government of Jean Chretien
Canadian_Armed_Forces

All equipment must be suitable for a mixed-gender force. Combat helmets, rucksacks, combat boots, and flak jackets are designed to ensure women have the same level of protection and comfort as their male colleagues. The women's uniform is similar in design to the men's uniform, but conforms to the female figure, and is functional and practical. Women are also provided with an annual financial entitlement for the purchase of brassiere undergarments.

Question: What is a requirement for equipment for the CAF?
Answer: equipment must be suitable for a mixed-gender force

Question: What are some of the equipment used by both men and women?
Answer: Combat helmets, rucksacks, combat boots

Question: What special entitlement are women provided as part of their service?
Answer: an annual financial entitlement for the purchase of brassiere undergarments
Canadian_Armed_Forces

The Canadian constitution determines that the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the country's sovereign, who, since 1904, has authorized his or her viceroy, the governor general, to exercise the duties ascribed to the post of Commander-in-Chief and to hold the associated title since 1905. All troop deployment and disposition orders, including declarations of war, fall within the royal prerogative and are issued as Orders in Council, which must be signed by either the monarch or governor general. Under the Westminster system's parliamentary customs and practices, however, the monarch and viceroy must generally follow the advice of his or her ministers in Cabinet, including the prime minister and minister of national defence, who are accountable to the elected House of Commons.

Question: What determines who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed forces?
Answer: The Canadian constitution

Question: Who does the Commander-in-Chief authorize to make decision regarding the Armed Forces for them?
Answer: the governor general

Question: What orders fall under the royal prerogative?
Answer: troop deployment and disposition orders

Question: Who must sign these orders for them to be valid?
Answer: the monarch or governor general

Question: Who's advice is the monarch supposed to follow regarding these orders?
Answer: the advice of his or her ministers in Cabinet
Canadian_Armed_Forces

The Armed Forces' 115,349 personnel are divided into a hierarchy of numerous ranks of officers and non-commissioned members. The governor general appoints, on the advice of the prime minister, the Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) as the highest ranking commissioned officer in the Armed Forces and who, as head of the Armed Forces Council, is in command of the Canadian Forces. The Armed Forces Council generally operates from National Defence Headquarters (NDHQ) in Ottawa, Ontario. On the Armed Forces Council sit the heads of Canadian Joint Operations Command and Canadian Special Operations Forces Command, the Vice Chief of the Defence Staff, and the heads of the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army, the Royal Canadian Air Force and other key Level 1 organizations. The sovereign and most other members of the Canadian Royal Family also act as colonels-in-chief, honorary air commodores, air commodores-in-chief, admirals, and captains-general of Canadian Forces units, though these positions are ceremonial.

Question: The armed forces has approximately how many members?
Answer: 115,349

Question: Who is the highest ranking member of the Armed Forces?
Answer: the Chief of the Defence Staff

Question: Who appoints the Chief of the Defence?
Answer: The governor general

Question: What location does the National Defense operate out of?
Answer: Ottawa, Ontario

Question: What are some of the members of the Armed Forces Council?
Answer: the heads of the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army, the Royal Canadian Air Force and other key Level 1 organizations.
Canadian_Armed_Forces

Canada's Armed forces operate out of 27 Canadian Forces bases (CFB) across the country, including NDHQ. This number has been gradually reduced since the 1970s with bases either being closed or merged. Both officers and non-commissioned members receive their basic training at the Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu. Officers will generally either directly enter the Canadian Armed Forces with a degree from a civilian university, or receive their commission upon graduation from the Royal Military College of Canada. Specific element and trade training is conducted at a variety of institutions throughout Canada, and to a lesser extent, the world.

Question: How many Canadian Forces bases are there in Canada?
Answer: 27

Question: Where do Canadian Forces members go for training?
Answer: Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu

Question: What is the place called where initial training happens?
Answer: Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School
Canadian_Armed_Forces

The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN), headed by the Commander of the Royal Canadian Navy, includes 33 warships and submarines deployed in two fleets: Maritime Forces Pacific (MARPAC) at CFB Esquimalt on the west coast, and Maritime Forces Atlantic (MARLANT) at Her Majesty's Canadian Dockyard in Halifax on the east coast, as well as one formation: the Naval Reserve Headquarters (NAVRESHQ) at Quebec City, Quebec. The fleet is augmented by various aircraft and supply vessels. The RCN participates in NATO exercises and operations, and ships are deployed all over the world in support of multinational deployments.

Question: How many warships does the Royal Canadian Navy have?
Answer: 33

Question: Where are the Maritime Forces Atlantic located?
Answer: Halifax

Question: What formation is located in Quebec?
Answer: the Naval Reserve Headquarters (NAVRESHQ)

Question: What international exercises does the RCN partake in?
Answer: NATO exercises
Canadian_Armed_Forces

The Canadian Army is headed by the Commander of the Canadian Army and administered through four divisions—the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division—the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System and the Canadian Army Headquarters.

Question: Who heads the Canadian Army?
Answer: Commander of the Canadian Army

Question: How many divisions are there in the Canadian Army?
Answer: four divisions

Question: What are the four divisions?
Answer: the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division

Question: What division is the Canadian Army Doctrine of?
Answer: the 5th Canadian Division

Question: The Canadian Army Headquarters are located in what division?
Answer: the 5th Canadian Division
Canadian_Armed_Forces

Currently, the Regular Force component of the Army consists of three field-ready brigade groups: 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Edmonton and CFB Shilo; 2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Petawawa and CFB Gagetown; and 5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Valcartier and Quebec City. Each contains one regiment each of artillery, armour, and combat engineers, three battalions of infantry (all scaled in the British fashion), one battalion for logistics, a squadron for headquarters/signals, and several smaller support organizations. A tactical helicopter squadron and a field ambulance are co-located with each brigade, but do not form part of the brigade's command structure.

Question: How many brigades does the Army consist of?
Answer: three

Question: Each Brigade contains how many regiments?
Answer: one

Question: What squadron is present but not an official part of the Brigade?
Answer: tactical helicopter squadron

Question: What medical group is present at all Brigades but not part of it?
Answer: a field ambulance
Canadian_Armed_Forces

The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) is headed by the Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force. The commander of 1 Canadian Air Division and Canadian NORAD Region, based in Winnipeg, is responsible for the operational command and control of Air Force activities throughout Canada and worldwide. 1 Canadian Air Division operations are carried out through eleven wings located across Canada. The commander of 2 Canadian Air Division is responsible for training and support functions. 2 Canadian Air Division operations are carried out at two wings. Wings represent the grouping of various squadrons, both operational and support, under a single tactical commander reporting to the operational commander and vary in size from several hundred personnel to several thousand.

Question: Who heads the Royal Canadian Air Force?
Answer: the Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force

Question: Where is the commander based out of?
Answer: Winnipeg

Question: How many air force wings are located across Canada?
Answer: eleven

Question: Who reports to the operational commander about the wings?
Answer: tactical commander
Canadian_Armed_Forces

Major air bases are located in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and Labrador, while administrative and command and control facilities are located in Winnipeg and North Bay. A Canadian component of the NATO Airborne Early Warning Force is also based at NATO Air Base Geilenkirchen near Geilenkirchen, Germany.

Question: What are some locations of the air bases?
Answer: Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba

Question: Where are the command facilities located?
Answer: Winnipeg and North Bay

Question: Where is the Canadian component of the NATO located?
Answer: Geilenkirchen, Germany

Question: What NATO force are the Canadians part of?
Answer: Airborne Early Warning Force

Question: What location is a Canadian airforce base located whose name is also a dog breed?
Answer: Labrador
Canadian_Armed_Forces

The RCAF and Joint Task Force (North) (JTFN) also maintain at various points throughout Canada's northern region a chain of forward operating locations, each capable of supporting fighter operations. Elements of CF-18 squadrons periodically deploy to these airports for short training exercises or Arctic sovereignty patrols.

Question: What does JTFN stand for?
Answer: Joint Task Force (North)

Question: What it located through Canada's Northern Regions?
Answer: a chain of forward operating locations

Question: What can each forwarding operation location provide?
Answer: fighter operations

Question: What squadrons deploy to these locations?
Answer: CF-18 squadrons

Question: What patrols are organized from these locations?
Answer: Arctic sovereignty patrols.
Canadian_Armed_Forces

The Canadian Joint Operations Command is an operational element established in October 2012 with the merger of Canada Command, the Canadian Expeditionary Force Command and the Canadian Operational Support Command. The new command, created as a response to the cost-cutting measures in the 2012 federal budget, combines the resources, roles and responsibilities of the three former commands under a single headquarters.

Question: When was the Canadian Joint Operations Command established?
Answer: October 2012

Question: What are the parts that merged into the Canadian Joint Operations Command?
Answer: Canada Command, the Canadian Expeditionary Force Command and the Canadian Operational Support Command

Question: What specifically prompted this merger?
Answer: the 2012 federal budget
Canadian_Armed_Forces

The Canadian Special Operations Forces Command (CANSOFCOM) is a formation capable of operating independently but primarily focused on generating special operations forces (SOF) elements to support CJOC. The command includes Joint Task Force 2 (JTF2), the Canadian Joint Incident Response Unit (CJIRU) based at CFB Trenton, as well as the Canadian Special Operations Regiment (CSOR) and 427 Special Operations Aviation Squadron (SOAS) based at CFB Petawawa.

Question: what does CANSOFCOM stand for?
Answer: The Canadian Special Operations Forces Command

Question: What is the CANSOFCOM focussed on?
Answer: generating special operations forces

Question: What do the special forces support?
Answer: CJOC

Question: Where is the Canadian Joint Incident Response Unit based?
Answer: CFB Trenton

Question: How many Special Operations Aviation Squadron are based at Petawawa?
Answer: 427
Canadian_Armed_Forces

Among other things, the Information Management Group is responsible for the conduct of electronic warfare and the protection of the Armed Forces' communications and computer networks. Within the group, this operational role is fulfilled by the Canadian Forces Information Operations Group, headquartered at CFS Leitrim in Ottawa, which operates the following units: the Canadian Forces Information Operations Group Headquarters (CFIOGHQ), the Canadian Forces Electronic Warfare Centre (CFEWC), the Canadian Forces Network Operation Centre (CFNOC), the Canadian Forces Signals Intelligence Operations Centre (CFSOC), the Canadian Forces Station (CFS) Leitrim, and the 764 Communications Squadron. In June 2011 the Canadian Armed Forces Chief of Force Development announced the establishment of a new organization, the Directorate of Cybernetics, headed by a Brigadier General, the Director General Cyber (DG Cyber). Within that directorate the newly established CAF Cyber Task Force, has been tasked to design and build cyber warfare capabilities for the Canadian Armed Forces.

Question: What is the the Information Management Group responsible for?
Answer: electronic warfare and the protection of the Armed Forces' communications and computer networks

Question: Where is the Information Management Group located?
Answer: CFS Leitrim in Ottawa

Question: What is the task of the CAF Cyber Task Force?
Answer: design and build cyber warfare capabilities

Question: When was the Directorate of Cybernetics established?
Answer: June 2011

Question: Who heads the Directorate?
Answer: the Director General Cyber
Canadian_Armed_Forces

The Health Services Group is a joint formation that includes over 120 general or specialized units and detachments providing health services to the Canadian Armed Forces. With few exceptions, all elements are under command of the Surgeon General for domestic support and force generation, or temporarily assigned under command of a deployed Joint Task Force through Canadian Joint Operations Command.

Question: Who does The Health Services Group serve?
Answer: the Canadian Armed Forces

Question: Who can temporarily be assigned the Health Serviced Group?
Answer: Joint Task Force

Question: What type of support does The Health Services Group provide?
Answer: domestic support
Canadian_Armed_Forces

The Canadian Armed Forces have a total reserve force of approximately 50,000 primary and supplementary that can be called upon in times of national emergency or threat. For the components and sub-components of the Canadian Armed Forces Reserve Force, the order of precedence follows:

Question: When can the reserve force be called upon?
Answer: in times of national emergency or threat

Question: What troops does The reserve force consists of?
Answer: primary and supplementary
Canadian_Armed_Forces

The Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service (COATS) consists of officers and non-commissioned members who conduct training, safety, supervision and administration of nearly 60,000 cadets aged 12 to 18 years in the Canadian Cadet Movement. The majority of members in COATS are officers of the Cadet Instructors Cadre (CIC) branch of the CAF. Members of the Reserve Force Sub-Component COATS who are not employed part-time (Class A) or full-time (Class B) may be held on the "Cadet Instructor Supplementary Staff List" (CISS List) in anticipation of employment in the same manner as other reservists are held as members of the Supplementary Reserve.

Question: Who conducts training of the cadets?
Answer: Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service

Question: What age are the cadets in the Canadian Cadet Movement?
Answer: 12 to 18 years

Question: What branch are the majority of COATS members?
Answer: officers of the Cadet Instructors Cadre

Question: Who is eligible to serve as a COATS trainer?
Answer: Reserve Force Sub-Component COATS
Canadian_Armed_Forces

The Canadian Rangers, who provide surveillance and patrol services in Canada's arctic and other remote areas, are an essential reserve force component used for Canada's exercise of sovereignty over its northern territory.

Question: What do Canadian Rangers perform?
Answer: provide surveillance and patrol services

Question: Where do the Canadian Rangers operate?
Answer: in Canada's arctic

Question: Which force are the Rangers part of?
Answer: reserve force

Question: What do the Canadian Rangers safekeep?
Answer: Canada's exercise of sovereignty over its northern territory
Canadian_Armed_Forces

Only service dress is suitable for CAF members to wear on any occasion, barring "dirty work" or combat. With gloves, swords, and medals (No. 1 or 1A), it is suitable for ceremonial occasions and "dressed down" (No. 3 or lower), it is suitable for daily wear. Generally, after the elimination of base dress (although still defined for the Air Force uniform), operational dress is now the daily uniform worn by most members of the CF, unless service dress is prescribed (such as at the NDHQ, on parades, at public events, etc.). Approved parkas are authorized for winter wear in cold climates and a light casual jacket is also authorized for cooler days. The navy, most army, and some other units have, for very specific occasions, a ceremonial/regimental full dress, such as the naval "high-collar" white uniform, kilted Highland, Scottish, and Irish regiments, and the scarlet uniforms of the Royal Military Colleges.

Question: What is suitable for CAF members to wear on any occasion?
Answer: service dress

Question: What other parts are there to a uniform?
Answer: gloves, swords, and medals

Question: What is now the daily uniform worn by members of the CAF?
Answer: operational dress is now the daily uniform

Question: What can be worn in cold winter weather?
Answer: Approved parkas

Question: What is only worn for very specific occasions?
Answer: a ceremonial/regimental full dress