nc33/MultiSpan_SQUAD huggingface dataset:
Canadian_football

The Canadian football field is 150 yards (137 m) long and 65 yards (59 m) wide with end zones 20 yards (18 m) deep, and goal lines 110 yards (101 m) apart. At each goal line is a set of 40-foot-high (12 m) goalposts, which consist of two uprights joined by an 18 1⁄2-foot-long (5.6 m) crossbar which is 10 feet (3 m) above the goal line. The goalposts may be H-shaped (both posts fixed in the ground) although in the higher-calibre competitions the tuning-fork design (supported by a single curved post behind the goal line, so that each post starts 10 feet (3 m) above the ground) is preferred. The sides of the field are marked by white sidelines, the goal line is marked in white, and white lines are drawn laterally across the field every 5 yards (4.6 m) from the goal line. These lateral lines are called "yard lines" and often marked with the distance in yards from and an arrow pointed toward the nearest goal line. In previous decades, arrows were not used and every yard line was usually marked with the distance to the goal line, including the goal line itself which was marked with a "0"; in most stadiums today, the 10-, 20-, 30-, 40-, and 50-yard lines are marked with numbers, with the goal line sometimes being marked with a "G". The centre (55-yard) line usually is marked with a "C". "Hash marks" are painted in white, parallel to the yardage lines, at 1 yard (0.9 m) intervals, 24 yards (21.9 m) from the sidelines. On fields that have a surrounding running track, such as Commonwealth Stadium, Molson Stadium, and many universities, the end zones are often cut off in the corners to accommodate the track. In 2014, Edmonton placed turf over the track to create full end zones. This was particularly common among U.S.-based teams during the CFL's American expansion, where few American stadiums were able to accommodate the much longer and noticeably wider CFL field.

Question: How many yards wide is a Canadian football field?
Answer: 65

Question: How long in meters is the crossbar of a Canadian football goal?
Answer: 5.6

Question: What part of a Canadian football field was sometimes marked with a "G"?
Answer: goal line

Question: What distance from the sidelines are hash marks painted on a CFL field?
Answer: 24 yards (21.9 m)
Canadian_football

At the beginning of a match, an official tosses a coin and allows the captain of the visiting team call heads or tails. The captain of the team winning the coin toss is given the option of having first choice, or of deferring first choice to the other captain. The captain making first choice may either choose a) to kick off or receive the kick and the beginning of the half, or b) which direction of the field to play in. The remaining choice is given to the opposing captain. Before the resumption of play in the second half, the captain that did not have first choice in the first half is given first choice. Teams usually choose to defer, so it is typical for the team that wins the coin toss to kick to begin the first half and receive to begin the second.

Question: Which team calls heads or tails in the coin flip before a CFL game?
Answer: visiting

Question: Who on a football team articulates the team's decision following the coin flip?
Answer: captain

Question: What can the team that wins the coin toss choose besides whether they wish to kick off or receive the ball?
Answer: which direction of the field to play in

Question: Who makes a choice after the team that wins the coin toss has made their decision?
Answer: the opposing captain
Canadian_football

Play stops when the ball carrier's knee, elbow, or any other body part aside from the feet and hands, is forced to the ground (a tackle); when a forward pass is not caught on the fly (during a scrimmage); when a touchdown (see below) or a field goal is scored; when the ball leaves the playing area by any means (being carried, thrown, or fumbled out of bounds); or when the ball carrier is in a standing position but can no longer move forwards (called forward progress). If no score has been made, the next play starts from scrimmage.

Question: What is the term for play stopped because the ball carrier, although not fully tackled, can no longer advance the ball?
Answer: forward progress

Question: Where does the next play start unless a team has just scored?
Answer: scrimmage

Question: Which parts of the ball carrier's body do not cause play to stop when they touch the ground?
Answer: feet and hands

Question: Which direction of pass causes play to stop when it is not caught?
Answer: forward
Canadian_football

Before scrimmage, an official places the ball at the spot it was at the stop of clock, but no nearer than 24 yards from the sideline or 1 yard from the goal line. The line parallel to the goal line passing through the ball (line from sideline to sideline for the length of the ball) is referred to as the line of scrimmage. This line is similar to "no-man's land"; players must stay on their respective sides of this line until the play has begun again. For a scrimmage to be valid the team in possession of the football must have seven players, excluding the quarterback, within one yard of the line of scrimmage. The defending team must stay a yard or more back from the line of scrimmage.

Question: What minimum distance from the sideline does the official place the ball before play starts?
Answer: 24 yards

Question: What is the term for the line across the field where the ball is positioned before a play?
Answer: line of scrimmage

Question: How many players must the team with possession place near the line of scrimmage?
Answer: seven

Question: How close to the line of scrimmage can defensive players approach before a play is run?
Answer: one yard
Canadian_football

On the field at the beginning of a play are two teams of 12 (unlike 11 in American football). The team in possession of the ball is the offence and the team defending is referred to as the defence. Play begins with a backwards pass through the legs (the snap) by a member of the offensive team, to another member of the offensive team. This is usually the quarterback or punter, but a "direct snap" to a running back is also not uncommon. If the quarterback or punter receives the ball, he may then do any of the following:

Question: How many players does each side field in an American football game?
Answer: 11

Question: What is the term for the team who begins a play with control of the ball?
Answer: offence

Question: What is the initial backward movement of the ball in a play called?
Answer: the snap

Question: Which two players most commonly receive the first backward pass in a football play?
Answer: quarterback or punter
Canadian_football

Each play constitutes a down. The offence must advance the ball at least ten yards towards the opponents' goal line within three downs or forfeit the ball to their opponents. Once ten yards have been gained the offence gains a new set of three downs (rather than the four downs given in American football). Downs do not accumulate. If the offensive team completes 10 yards on their first play, they lose the other two downs and are granted another set of three. If a team fails to gain ten yards in two downs they usually punt the ball on third down or try to kick a field goal (see below), depending on their position on the field. The team may, however use its third down in an attempt to advance the ball and gain a cumulative 10 yards.

Question: What is another term for a completed play?
Answer: down

Question: How many plays can the offence run without gaining ten yards?
Answer: three

Question: What does a team do when they have not advance the ball enough to score or likely gain a new set of downs?
Answer: punt

Question: How many downs does a team get after they've gained ten on their first down?
Answer: three
Canadian_football

There are many rules to contact in this type of football. First, the only player on the field who may be legally tackled is the player currently in possession of the football (the ball carrier). Second, a receiver, that is to say, an offensive player sent down the field to receive a pass, may not be interfered with (have his motion impeded, be blocked, etc.) unless he is within one yard of the line of scrimmage (instead of 5 yards (4.6 m) in American football). Any player may block another player's passage, so long as he does not hold or trip the player he intends to block. The kicker may not be contacted after the kick but before his kicking leg returns to the ground (this rule is not enforced upon a player who has blocked a kick), and the quarterback, having already thrown the ball, may not be hit or tackled.

Question: What is the term for the player that is currently handing the football when play is underway?
Answer: ball carrier

Question: Within what distance from the line of scrimmage can offensive players who do not have the ball be legally contacted by defensive players?
Answer: one yard

Question: What are two illegal ways to block an opposing player's progress near the line of scrimmage?
Answer: hold or trip

Question: Which player may not be tackled immediately after they have thrown a pass?
Answer: quarterback
Canadian_football

Infractions of the rules are punished with penalties, typically a loss of yardage of 5, 10 or 15 yards against the penalized team. Minor violations such as offside (a player from either side encroaching into scrimmage zone before the play starts) are penalized five yards, more serious penalties (such as holding) are penalized 10 yards, and severe violations of the rules (such as face-masking) are typically penalized 15 yards. Depending on the penalty, the penalty yardage may be assessed from the original line of scrimmage, from where the violation occurred (for example, for a pass interference infraction), or from where the ball ended after the play. Penalties on the offence may, or may not, result in a loss of down; penalties on the defence may result in a first down being automatically awarded to the offence. For particularly severe conduct, the game official(s) may eject players (ejected players may be substituted for), or in exceptional cases, declare the game over and award victory to one side or the other. Penalties do not affect the yard line which the offence must reach to gain a first down (unless the penalty results in a first down being awarded); if a penalty against the defence results in the first down yardage being attained, then the offence is awarded a first down.

Question: What is the usual penalty when the rules of play are violated?
Answer: loss of yardage

Question: How many yards does a team lose when they commit a minor penalty?
Answer: five

Question: How many yards does a team lose for face-masking?
Answer: 15

Question: What other than yardage is sometimes awarded the offence on a defensive penalty?
Answer: first down
Canadian_football

Penalties never result in a score for the offence. For example, a point-of-foul infraction committed by the defence in their end zone is not ruled a touchdown, but instead advances the ball to the one-yard line with an automatic first down. For a distance penalty, if the yardage is greater than half the distance to the goal line, then the ball is advanced half the distance to the goal line, though only up to the one-yard line (unlike American football, in Canadian football no scrimmage may start inside either one-yard line). If the original penalty yardage would have resulted in a first down or moving the ball past the goal line, a first down is awarded.

Question: Where is the ball placed when a defensive penalty is committed in their own end zone?
Answer: one-yard line

Question: In which North American style of football is the line of scrimmage never inside the one-yard line?
Answer: Canadian

Question: A play that results in what outcome will never also be a scoring play?
Answer: Penalties

Question: How many penalty yards are awarded when the ball is nearer the goal line than the usual penalty yardage?
Answer: half the distance to the goal line
Canadian_football

In most cases, the non-penalized team will have the option of declining the penalty; in which case the results of the previous play stand as if the penalty had not been called. One notable exception to this rule is if the kicking team on a 3rd down punt play is penalized before the kick occurs: the receiving team may not decline the penalty and take over on downs. After the kick is made, change of possession occurs and subsequent penalties are assessed against either the spot where the ball is caught, or the runback.

Question: Who can decline a penalty?
Answer: the non-penalized team

Question: A team receiving a punt cannot decline a penalty on which down?
Answer: 3rd down

Question: The outcome of which play determines the placement of the ball when a penalty is declined?
Answer: the previous play

Question: What can a team do when they prefer the original outcome of a play to the situation they would have with a penalty assessed on the other team for that play?
Answer: decline the penalty
Canadian_football

During the last three minutes of a half, the penalty for failure to place the ball in play within the 20-second play clock, known as "time count" (this foul is known as "delay of game" in American football), is dramatically different from during the first 27 minutes. Instead of the penalty being 5 yards with the down repeated, the base penalty (except during convert attempts) becomes loss of down on first or second down, and 10 yards on third down with the down repeated. In addition, as noted previously, the referee can give possession to the defence for repeated deliberate time count violations on third down.

Question: At which point in a game is the time the offence takes to put the ball in play measured?
Answer: last three minutes of a half

Question: How many seconds elapse before a time count penalty is assessed?
Answer: 20

Question: What is the penalty for a time count on the first two downs?
Answer: loss of down

Question: Who can turn the ball over to the other side if an offensive team incurs too many time count violations?
Answer: referee

Question: How many yards does the offense lose for a time count on third down?
Answer: 10
Canadian_football

The clock does not run during convert attempts in the last three minutes of a half. If the 15 minutes of a quarter expire while the ball is live, the quarter is extended until the ball becomes dead. If a quarter's time expires while the ball is dead, the quarter is extended for one more scrimmage. A quarter cannot end while a penalty is pending: after the penalty yardage is applied, the quarter is extended one scrimmage. Note that the non-penalized team has the option to decline any penalty it considers disadvantageous, so a losing team cannot indefinitely prolong a game by repeatedly committing infractions.

Question: What happens to a quarter whose time expires while the ball is still live in play?
Answer: extended

Question: Which plays do not cause time to run off the clock during the final minutes of a half?
Answer: convert attempts

Question: What causes a quarter to be extended one additional play even if time has run out?
Answer: penalty

Question: How long is a quarter in minutes?
Answer: 15
Canadian_football

In the CFL, if the game is tied at the end of regulation play, then each team is given an equal number of chances to break the tie. A coin toss is held to determine which team will take possession first; the first team scrimmages the ball at the opponent's 35-yard line and advances through a series of downs until it scores or loses possession. If the team scores a touchdown, starting with the 2010 season, it is required to attempt a 2-point conversion. The other team then scrimmages the ball at the same 35-yard line and has the same opportunity to score. After the teams have completed their possessions, if one team is ahead, then it is declared the winner; otherwise, the two teams each get another chance to score, scrimmaging from the other 35-yard line. After this second round, if there is still no winner, during the regular season the game ends as a tie. In a playoff or championship game, the teams continue to attempt to score from alternating 35-yard lines, until one team is leading after both have had an equal number of possessions.

Question: What determines which team gets possession first when extending a game to break a tie?
Answer: coin toss

Question: At which yard line on their opponent's side does a team take possession of the ball according to the CFL's tie-breaking rules?
Answer: 35

Question: In which year did the CFL begin requiring teams to attempt 2-point conversions after scoring in a tie-breaking situation?
Answer: 2010

Question: Which round of tie-breaking is the last possible round in a regular season CFL game?
Answer: second

Question: Which CFL games require tie-breaking rounds continue until a winner results?
Answer: playoff or championship
Seven_Years%27_War

The Seven Years' War was fought between 1755 and 1764, the main conflict occurring in the seven-year period from 1756 to 1763. It involved every great power of the time except the Ottoman Empire, and affected Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India, and the Philippines. Considered a prelude to the two world wars and the greatest European war since the Thirty Years War of the 17th century, it once again split Europe into two coalitions, led by Great Britain on one side and France on the other. For the first time, aiming to curtail Britain and Prussia's ever-growing might, France formed a grand coalition of its own, which ended with failure as Britain rose as the world's predominant power, altering the European balance of power.

Question: What countries led the two coalitions during the Seven Years' War?
Answer: two coalitions, led by Great Britain on one side and France

Question: What major power of the time was not involved in The Seven Years' War?
Answer: It involved every great power of the time except the Ottoman Empire

Question: When was the Seven Year' War fought?
Answer: The Seven Years' War was fought between 1755 and 1764

Question: What country emerged as the world's predominate power?
Answer: Britain rose as the world's predominant power

Question: What was the Seven Years' War considered as the prelude to?
Answer: Considered a prelude to the two world wars
Seven_Years%27_War

Realizing that war was imminent, Prussia preemptively struck Saxony and quickly overran it. The result caused uproar across Europe. Because of Prussia's alliance with Britain, Austria formed an alliance with France, seeing an opportunity to recapture Silesia, which had been lost in a previous war. Reluctantly, by following the imperial diet, most of the states of the empire joined Austria's cause. The Anglo-Prussian alliance was joined by smaller German states (especially Hanover). Sweden, fearing Prussia's expansionist tendencies, went to war in 1757 to protect its Baltic dominions, seeing its chance when virtually all of Europe opposed Prussia. Spain, bound by the Pacte de Famille, intervened on behalf of France and together they launched a disastrous invasion of Portugal in 1762. The Russian Empire was originally aligned with Austria, fearing Prussia's ambition on the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, but switched sides upon the succession of Tsar Peter III in 1762.

Question: What was Sweden's motivation to join the war?
Answer: Sweden, fearing Prussia's expansionist tendencies, went to war in 1757 to protect its Baltic dominions,

Question: What country did Spain invade?
Answer: Spain, bound by the Pacte de Famille, intervened on behalf of France and together they launched a disastrous invasion of Portugal

Question: When did Spain invade?
Answer: Spain, bound by the Pacte de Famille, intervened on behalf of France and together they launched a disastrous invasion of Portugal in 1762

Question: What region did Austria hope to recapture?
Answer: Austria formed an alliance with France, seeing an opportunity to recapture Silesia, which had been lost in a previous war

Question: What was the result of the invasion by Spain?
Answer: Spain, bound by the Pacte de Famille, intervened on behalf of France and together they launched a disastrous invasion
Seven_Years%27_War

Many middle and small powers in Europe, unlike in the previous wars, tried to steer clear away from the escalating conflict, even though they had interests in the conflict or with the belligerents, like Denmark-Norway. The Dutch Republic, long-time British ally, kept its neutrality intact, fearing the odds against Britain and Prussia fighting the great powers of Europe, even tried to prevent Britain's domination in India. Naples, Sicily, and Savoy, although sided with Franco-Spanish party, declined to join the coalition under the fear of British power. The taxation needed for war caused the Russian people considerable hardship, being added to the taxation of salt and alcohol begun by Empress Elizabeth in 1759 to complete her addition to the Winter Palace. Like Sweden, Russia concluded a separate peace with Prussia.

Question: Why did Denmark-Norway remain neutral rather than assisting its longtime ally, Britain?
Answer: The Dutch Republic, long-time British ally, kept its neutrality intact, fearing the odds against Britain and Prussia fighting the great powers of Europe

Question: Who would Sicily and Savoy normally align with?
Answer: Sicily, and Savoy, although sided with Franco-Spanish party

Question: What did Russian Empress Elizabeth use the proceeds of the tax on salt and alcohol for?
Answer: the taxation of salt and alcohol begun by Empress Elizabeth in 1759 to complete her addition to the Winter Palace.

Question: Why did Naples remain neutral?
Answer: Naples, Sicily, and Savoy, although sided with Franco-Spanish party, declined to join the coalition under the fear of British power
Seven_Years%27_War

The War of the Austrian Succession had seen the belligerents aligned on a time-honoured basis. France’s traditional enemies, Great Britain and Austria, had coalesced just as they had done against Louis XIV. Prussia, the leading anti-Austrian state in Germany, had been supported by France. Neither group, however, found much reason to be satisfied with its partnership: British subsidies to Austria had produced nothing of much help to the British, while the British military effort had not saved Silesia for Austria. Prussia, having secured Silesia, had come to terms with Austria in disregard of French interests. Even so, France had concluded a defensive alliance with Prussia in 1747, and the maintenance of the Anglo-Austrian alignment after 1748 was deemed essential by the Duke of Newcastle, British secretary of state in the ministry of his brother Henry Pelham. The collapse of that system and the aligning of France with Austria and of Great Britain with Prussia constituted what is known as the “diplomatic revolution” or the “reversal of alliances.”

Question: Who was the traditional partner with Great Britain at the beginning of the conflict?
Answer: Great Britain and Austria, had coalesced

Question: What was gained or lost by Austria?
Answer: British military effort had not saved Silesia for Austria

Question: What was the major gain by Great Britain by having Austria as it ally?
Answer: British subsidies to Austria had produced nothing of much help to the British

Question: What alliances were formed in the "diplomatic reversal"?
Answer: The collapse of that system and the aligning of France with Austria and of Great Britain with Prussia constituted what is known as the “diplomatic revolution”

Question: Did the loss of Silesia by Austria intensify its battle with Prussia?
Answer: . Prussia, having secured Silesia, had come to terms with Austria