nc33/MultiSpan_SQUAD huggingface dataset:
Nintendo_Entertainment_System

In the UK, Italy and Australia which share the PAL A region, two versions of the NES were released; the "Mattel Version" and "NES Version". When the NES was first released in those countries, it was distributed by Mattel and Nintendo decided to use a lockout chip specific to those countries, different from the chip used in other European countries. When Nintendo took over European distribution in 1990, they produced consoles that were then labelled "NES Version"; therefore, the only differences between the two are the text on the front flap and texture on the top/bottom of the casing.

Question: Which company distributed the NES to the UK, Italy, and Australia?
Answer: Mattel

Question: When did Nintendo take over European distribution?
Answer: 1990

Question: Which three countries share the PAL A region?
Answer: UK, Italy and Australia

Question: What two versions of the NES were released in the UK, Italy, and Australia?
Answer: "Mattel Version" and "NES Version"
Nintendo_Entertainment_System

Nintendo also made two turbo controllers for the NES called NES Advantage and the NES Max. Both controllers had a Turbo feature, a feature where one tap of the button represented multiple taps. This feature allowed players to shoot much faster during shooter games. The NES Advantage had two knobs that adjusted the firing rate of the turbo button from quick to Turbo, as well as a "Slow" button that slowed down the game by rapidly pausing the game. The "Slow" button did not work with games that had a pause menu or pause screen and can interfere with jumping and shooting. The NES Max also had the Turbo Feature, but it was not adjustable, in contrast with the Advantage. It also did not have the "Slow" button. Its wing-like shape made it easier to hold than the Advantage and it also improved on the joystick. Turbo features were also featured on the NES Satellite, the NES Four Score, and the U-Force. Other accessories include the Power Pad and the Power Glove, which was featured in the movie The Wizard.

Question: What were the two turbo controllers Nintendo made for the NES?
Answer: NES Advantage and the NES Max

Question: What did the Turbo feature allow players to do?
Answer: shoot much faster during shooter games

Question: Which controller had a non-adjustable Turbo feature?
Answer: The NES Max

Question: Which two accessories were featured in the movie The Wizard?
Answer: Power Pad and the Power Glove

Question: The NES Max also did not feature what?
Answer: "Slow" button
Nintendo_Entertainment_System

In 1986, Nintendo released the Famicom Disk System (FDS) in Japan, a type of floppy drive that uses a single-sided, proprietary 5 cm (2") disk and plugs into the cartridge port. It contains RAM for the game to load into and an extra single-cycle wavetable-lookup sound chip. The disks were originally obtained from kiosks in malls and other public places where buyers could select a title and have it written to the disk. This process would cost less than cartridges and users could take the disk back to a vending booth and have it rewritten with a new game. The disks were used both for storing the game and saving progress and total capacity was 128k (64k per side).

Question: What year did Nintendo release the Famicom Disk System?
Answer: 1986

Question: Where could the disks for the game be obtained?
Answer: kiosks in malls

Question: How were the disks purchased?
Answer: buyers could select a title and have it written to the disk

Question: What were the storage disks used for?
Answer: storing the game and saving progress

Question: What was the total capacity of a disk?
Answer: 128k
Nintendo_Entertainment_System

The system was originally targeted for release in the spring of 1985, but the release date was pushed back. After test-marketing in the New York City area in late fall, retailers had reportedly stated the system "failed miserably".[contradictory] While others stated that Nintendo had an excellent nine-week market test in New York last fall Due to the moderate success launch in New York City, Nintendo tried a second time; the system was test-marketed further beginning in February 1986, with the nationwide release occurring in September 1986.

Question: When was the system originally supposed to be released?
Answer: spring of 1985

Question: Retailers in what test area reported a miserable failure of sales?
Answer: New York City

Question: When was the second time Nintendo test marketed the NES?
Answer: February 1986

Question: When was the nationwide release of the NES?
Answer: September 1986
Nintendo_Entertainment_System

In Europe and Australia, the system was released to two separate marketing regions. One region consisted of most of mainland Europe (excluding Italy), and distribution there was handled by a number of different companies, with Nintendo responsible for most cartridge releases. Most of this region saw a 1986 release. Mattel handled distribution for the other region, consisting of the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, Italy, Australia and New Zealand, starting the following year. Not until the 1990s did Nintendo's newly created European branch direct distribution throughout Europe.

Question: Where was the system released to two separate marketing areas?
Answer: Europe and Australia

Question: One region comprised the entirety of mainland Europe save for which country?
Answer: Italy

Question: Who released cartridges in mainland Europe?
Answer: Nintendo

Question: Who handled distribution in the other region?
Answer: Mattel

Question: When did the European brance finally directly distribute throughout Europe?
Answer: 1990s
Nintendo_Entertainment_System

As the 1990s dawned, gamers predicted that competition from technologically superior systems such as the 16-bit Sega Mega Drive/Genesis would mean the immediate end of the NES’s dominance. Instead, during the first year of Nintendo's successor console the Super Famicom (named Super Nintendo Entertainment System outside Japan), the Famicom remained the second highest-selling video game console in Japan, outselling the newer and more powerful NEC PC Engine and Sega Mega Drive by a wide margin. The console remained popular in Japan and North America until late 1993, when the demand for new NES software abruptly plummeted. The final Famicom game released in Japan is Takahashi Meijin no Bōken Jima IV (Adventure Island IV), while in North America, Wario's Woods is the final licensed game. In the wake of ever decreasing sales and the lack of new software titles, Nintendo of America officially discontinued the NES by 1995. However, Nintendo kept producing new Famicom units in Japan until September 25, 2003, and continued to repair Famicom consoles until October 31, 2007, attributing the discontinuation of support to insufficient supplies of parts.

Question: Which example of a system started to mark the end of the NES dominance?
Answer: 16-bit Sega Mega Drive/Genesis

Question: When did the demand for new NES software dry up?
Answer: late 1993

Question: What was the final Famicom game released in North America?
Answer: Wario's Woods

Question: What year did Nintendo officially discontinue the NES?
Answer: 1995

Question: How late did Nintendo continue to repair Famicom units?
Answer: October 31, 2007
Nintendo_Entertainment_System

Nintendo's near monopoly on the home video game market left it with a degree of influence over the industry. Unlike Atari, which never actively courted third-party developers (and even went to court in an attempt to force Activision to cease production of Atari 2600 games), Nintendo had anticipated and encouraged the involvement of third-party software developers; strictly, however, on Nintendo's terms. Some of the Nintendo platform-control measures were adopted by later console manufacturers such as Sega, Sony, and Microsoft, although not as stringent.

Question: Who did Atari attempt to force ceasing production of games for its system?
Answer: Activision

Question: Nintendo actively encouraged  the involvement of what?
Answer: third-party software developers

Question: Nintendo's measures for third party game developers were also adopted by which later manufacturers?
Answer: Sega, Sony, and Microsoft
Nintendo_Entertainment_System

Several companies, refusing to pay the licensing fee or having been rejected by Nintendo, found ways to circumvent the console's authentication system. Most of these companies created circuits that used a voltage spike to temporarily disable the 10NES chip in the NES. A few unlicensed games released in Europe and Australia came in the form of a dongle that would be connected to a licensed game, in order to use the licensed game's 10NES chip for authentication. In order to combat unlicensed games, Nintendo of America threatened retailers who sold them with losing their supply of licensed titles. In addition, multiple revisions were made to the NES PCBs to prevent these games from working.

Question: Companies did what in an effort to circumvent Nintendo's console authentication?
Answer: voltage spike to temporarily disable the 10NES chip

Question: Why did the companies circumvent the authentication system?
Answer: refusing to pay the licensing fee or having been rejected by Nintendo

Question: Where did unlicensed games feature a dongle?
Answer: Europe and Australia

Question: What did Nintendo do to curb unlicensed game sales?
Answer: threatened retailers
Nintendo_Entertainment_System

The Nintendo Entertainment System (also abbreviated as NES) is an 8-bit home video game console that was developed and manufactured by Nintendo. It was initially released in Japan as the Family Computer (Japanese: ファミリーコンピュータ, Hepburn: Famirī Konpyūta?) (also known by the portmanteau abbreviation Famicom (ファミコン, Famikon?) and abbreviated as FC) on July 15, 1983, and was later released in North America during 1985, in Europe during 1986, and Australia in 1987. In South Korea, it was known as the Hyundai Comboy (현대 컴보이 Hyeondae Keomboi) and was distributed by SK Hynix which then was known as Hyundai Electronics. It was succeeded by the Super Nintendo Entertainment System.

Question: What is the abbreviation of Nintendo Entertainment System?
Answer: NES

Question: what was it called in Japan?
Answer: Family Computer

Question: When was the Family Computer (Famicom) released in Japan?
Answer: July 15, 1983

Question: When was it released in Australia?
Answer: 1987

Question: What succeeded the Famicom?
Answer: Super Nintendo Entertainment System
Nintendo_Entertainment_System

Problems with the 10NES lockout chip frequently resulted in the console's most infamous problem: the blinking red power light, in which the system appears to turn itself on and off repeatedly because the 10NES would reset the console once per second. The lockout chip required constant communication with the chip in the game to work. Dirty, aging and bent connectors would often disrupt the communication, resulting in the blink effect. Alternatively, the console would turn on but only show a solid white, gray, or green screen. Users attempted to solve this problem by blowing air onto the cartridge connectors, inserting the cartridge just far enough to get the ZIF to lower, licking the edge connector, slapping the side of the system after inserting a cartridge, shifting the cartridge from side to side after insertion, pushing the ZIF up and down repeatedly, holding the ZIF down lower than it should have been, and cleaning the connectors with alcohol. These attempted solutions often became notable in their own right and are often remembered alongside the NES. Many of the most frequent attempts to fix this problem instead ran the risk of damaging the cartridge and/or system.[citation needed] In 1989, Nintendo released an official NES Cleaning Kit to help users clean malfunctioning cartridges and consoles.

Question: What was the console's most common problem?
Answer: blinking red power light

Question: The 10NES would reset the system how often?
Answer: once per second

Question: What disrupted the communication as well?
Answer: Dirty, aging and bent connectors

Question: What was one example of what users did to combat the blinking problem?
Answer: blowing air onto the cartridge connectors

Question: When did Nintendo release a cleaning kit?
Answer: 1989
Nintendo_Entertainment_System

Subsequent plans to market a Famicom console in North America featuring a keyboard, cassette data recorder, wireless joystick controller and a special BASIC cartridge under the name "Nintendo Advanced Video System" likewise never materialized. By the beginning of 1985, the Famicom had sold more than 2.5 million units in Japan and Nintendo soon announced plans to release it in North America as the Advanced Video Entertainment System (AVS) that same year. The American video game press was skeptical that the console could have any success in the region, with the March 1985 issue of Electronic Games magazine stating that "the videogame market in America has virtually disappeared" and that "this could be a miscalculation on Nintendo's part."

Question: How many units of the Famicom were sold in Japan by the beginning of 1985?
Answer: 2.5 million units

Question: What was this system to be called in North America?
Answer: Advanced Video Entertainment System

Question: What magazine stated that Nintendo could be errant in their anticipated product success?
Answer: Electronic Games magazine
Nintendo_Entertainment_System

Near the end of the NES's lifespan, upon the release of the AV Famicom and the top-loading NES 2, the design of the game controllers was modified slightly. Though the original button layout was retained, the redesigned device abandoned the brick shell in favor of a dog bone shape. In addition, the AV Famicom joined its international counterpart and dropped the hardwired controllers in favor of detachable controller ports. However, the controllers included with the Famicom AV had cables which were 90 cm (3 feet) long, as opposed to the standard 180 cm(6 feet) of NES controllers.

Question: Which console featured a top-loading design?
Answer: NES 2

Question: The design of what was modified slightly?
Answer: game controllers

Question: the original design of the controller was what shape?
Answer: brick

Question: What was the new design shape of the controller?
Answer: dog bone

Question: How long were standard NES controller cables?
Answer: 6 feet
Nintendo_Entertainment_System

By 1988, industry observers stated that the NES's popularity had grown so quickly that the market for Nintendo cartridges was larger than that for all home computer software. Compute! reported in 1989 that Nintendo had sold seven million NES systems in 1988, almost as many as the number of Commodore 64s sold in its first five years. "Computer game makers [are] scared stiff", the magazine said, stating that Nintendo's popularity caused most competitors to have poor sales during the previous Christmas and resulted in serious financial problems for some.

Question: What year did Nintendo's market surpass all computer software?
Answer: 1988

Question: Who reported that Nintendo sold 7 million NES systems?
Answer: Compute!

Question: When did Compute! report the number of systems sold at 7 million?
Answer: 1989

Question: The 7 million sold almost equated to which console's five year span?
Answer: Commodore 64s
Nintendo_Entertainment_System

A variety of games for the FDS were released by Nintendo (including some like Super Mario Bros. which had already been released on cartridge) and third party companies such as Konami and Taito. A few unlicensed titles were made as well. However, its limitations became quickly apparent as larger ROM chips were introduced, allowing cartridges with greater than 128k of space. More advanced memory management chips (MMC) soon appeared and the FDS quickly became obsolete. Nintendo also charged developers considerable amounts of money to produce FDS games, and many refused to develop for it, instead continuing to make cartridge titles. Many FDS disks have no dust covers (except in some unlicensed and bootleg variants) and are easily prone to getting dirt on the media. In addition, the drive use a belt which breaks frequently and requires invasive replacement. After only two years, the FDS was discontinued, although vending booths remained in place until 1993 and Nintendo continued to service drives, and to rewrite and offer replacement disks until 2003.

Question: Nintendo charged producers hefty sums to make what?
Answer: FDS games

Question: What did companies do instead of making FDS games?
Answer: make cartridge titles

Question: Many FDS disks lack what?
Answer: dust covers

Question: What broke frequently and needed replacement in the machine?
Answer: belt

Question: How long did Nintendo service drives and offer replacement disks?
Answer: 2003
Nintendo_Entertainment_System

Although most hardware clones were not produced under license by Nintendo, certain companies were granted licenses to produce NES-compatible devices. The Sharp Corporation produced at least two such clones: the Twin Famicom and the SHARP 19SC111 television. The Twin Famicom was compatible with both Famicom cartridges and Famicom Disk System disks. It was available in two colors (red and black) and used hardwired controllers (as did the original Famicom), but it featured a different case design. The SHARP 19SC111 television was a television which included a built-in Famicom. A similar licensing deal was reached with Hyundai Electronics, who licensed the system under the name Comboy in the South Korean market. This deal with Hyundai was made necessary because of the South Korean government's wide ban on all Japanese "cultural products", which remained in effect until 1998 and ensured that the only way Japanese products could legally enter the South Korean market was through licensing to a third-party (non-Japanese) distributor (see also Japan–Korea disputes).

Question: Which company produced the Twin Famicom and the 19SC111 TV?
Answer: Sharp Corporation

Question: What was compatible with Famicom cartridges and FDS systems?
Answer: Twin Famicom

Question: Hyundai licensed the Sharp 19SC111 TV with what name in South Korea?
Answer: Comboy

Question: Until how long did South Korea ban Japanese cultural products?
Answer: 1998

Question: How could Japanese products only enter South Korea?
Answer: licensing to a third-party (non-Japanese) distributor
Nintendo_Entertainment_System

The back of the cartridge bears a label with instructions on handling. Production and software revision codes were imprinted as stamps on the back label to correspond with the software version and producer. With the exception of The Legend of Zelda and Zelda II: The Adventure of Link, manufactured in gold-plastic carts, all licensed NTSC and PAL cartridges are a standard shade of gray plastic. Unlicensed carts were produced in black, robin egg blue, and gold, and are all slightly different shapes than standard NES cartridges. Nintendo also produced yellow-plastic carts for internal use at Nintendo Service Centers, although these "test carts" were never made available for purchase. All licensed US cartridges were made by Nintendo, Konami and Acclaim. For promotion of DuckTales: Remastered, Capcom sent 150 limited-edition gold NES cartridges with the original game, featuring the Remastered art as the sticker, to different gaming news agencies. The instruction label on the back included the opening lyric from the show's theme song, "Life is like a hurricane".

Question: The Zelda games were manufactured in what color cartridge?
Answer: gold

Question: What is the standard color of all other cartridges?
Answer: gray

Question: What color were cartridges produced by Nintendo for internal use?
Answer: yellow

Question: What was distinctly made by Nintendo, Konami, and Acclaim?
Answer: licensed US cartridges

Question: What was the opening lyric from the Duck Tales theme show?
Answer: Life is like a hurricane
Nintendo_Entertainment_System

Nintendo was accused of antitrust behavior because of the strict licensing requirements. The United States Department of Justice and several states began probing Nintendo's business practices, leading to the involvement of Congress and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). The FTC conducted an extensive investigation which included interviewing hundreds of retailers. During the FTC probe, Nintendo changed the terms of its publisher licensing agreements to eliminate the two-year rule and other restrictive terms. Nintendo and the FTC settled the case in April 1991, with Nintendo required to send vouchers giving a $5 discount off to a new game, to every person that had purchased a NES title between June 1988 and December 1990. GameSpy remarked that Nintendo's punishment was particularly weak giving the case's findings, although it has been speculated that the FTC did not want to damage the video game industry in the United States.

Question: What was Nintendo accused of?
Answer: antitrust behavior

Question: Why was Nintendo accused of antitrust behavior?
Answer: strict licensing requirements

Question: Who interviewed retailers as part of their investigation?
Answer: FTC

Question: Who began probing Nintendo's business?
Answer: United States Department of Justice

Question: How much were the vouchers worth that Nintendo sent out?
Answer: $5
Nintendo_Entertainment_System

The NES can be emulated on many other systems, most notably the PC. The first emulator was the Japanese-only Pasofami. It was soon followed by iNES, which was available in English and was cross-platform, in 1996. It was described as being the first NES emulation software that could be used by a non-expert. NESticle, a popular MS-DOS emulator, was released on April 3, 1997. There have since been many other emulators. The Virtual Console for the Wii, Nintendo 3DS and Wii U also offers emulation of many NES games.

Question: What was the first NES emulator?
Answer: Pasofami

Question: What was the first English available emulator?
Answer: iNES

Question: What platform was NESticle available for use?
Answer: MS-DOS

Question: When was NESticle released?
Answer: April 3, 1997
Nintendo_Entertainment_System

The Famicom contained no lockout hardware and, as a result, unlicensed cartridges (both legitimate and bootleg) were extremely common throughout Japan and the Far East. The original NES (but not the top-loading NES-101) contained the 10NES lockout chip, which significantly increased the challenges faced by unlicensed developers. Tinkerers at home in later years discovered that disassembling the NES and cutting the fourth pin of the lockout chip would change the chip’s mode of operation from "lock" to "key", removing all effects and greatly improving the console’s ability to play legal games, as well as bootlegs and converted imports. NES consoles sold in different regions had different lockout chips, so games marketed in one region would not work on consoles from another region. Known regions are: USA/Canada (3193 lockout chip), most of Europe (3195), Asia (3196) and UK, Italy and Australia (3197). Since two types of lockout chip were used in Europe, European NES game boxes often had an "A" or "B" letter on the front, indicating whether the game is compatible with UK/Italian/Australian consoles (A), or the rest of Europe (B). Rest-of-Europe games typically had text on the box stating "This game is not compatible with the Mattel or NES versions of the Nintendo Entertainment System". Similarly, UK/Italy/Australia games stated "This game is only compatible with the Mattel or NES versions of the Nintendo Entertainment System".

Question: What did the Famicom sorely lack?
Answer: lockout hardware

Question: What was the lockout chip number for the USA and Canada?
Answer: 3193

Question: What was the lockout chip number for most of Europe, save the UK and Italy?
Answer: 3195

Question: What was the lockout chip number for Asia?
Answer: 3196

Question: What was the lockout chip number for UK, Italy, and Australia?
Answer: 3197