nc33/MultiSpan_SQUAD huggingface dataset:
Marvel_Comics

With the new millennium, Marvel Comics emerged from bankruptcy and again began diversifying its offerings. In 2001, Marvel withdrew from the Comics Code Authority and established its own Marvel Rating System for comics. The first title from this era to not have the code was X-Force #119 (October 2001). Marvel also created new imprints, such as MAX (an explicit-content line) and Marvel Adventures (developed for child audiences). In addition, the company created an alternate universe imprint, Ultimate Marvel, that allowed the company to reboot its major titles by revising and updating its characters to introduce to a new generation.

Question: What was the business state of Marvel by 2000?
Answer: bankruptcy

Question: When did Marvel withdraw from the Comics Code Authority?
Answer: 2001

Question: What in-house standards system did Marvel replace the Comics Code with?
Answer: Marvel Rating System

Question: What was the first book published under this new ratings system?
Answer: X-Force #119

Question: What was the name of the adult themed comics imprint for Marvel with more explicit content?
Answer: MAX
Marvel_Comics

On August 31, 2009, The Walt Disney Company announced a deal to acquire Marvel Comics' parent corporation, Marvel Entertainment, for $4 billion or $4.2 billion, with Marvel shareholders to receive $30 and 0.745 Disney shares for each share of Marvel they own. As of 2008, Marvel and its major, longtime competitor DC Comics shared over 80% of the American comic-book market. As of September 2010, Marvel switched its bookstores distribution company from Diamond Book Distributors to Hachette Distribution Services.

Question: What entertainment company purchased Marvel at the end of the 2000s?
Answer: The Walt Disney Company

Question: When was the sale of Marvel to this entertainment conglomerate announced?
Answer: August 31, 2009

Question: What was the sale price of Marvel?
Answer: $4 billion or $4.2 billion

Question: What is the readership market share enjoyed by Marvel and DC comics?
Answer: 80%

Question: In 2010, Marvel switched to what distributor for bookstore comic book sales?
Answer: Hachette Distribution Services
Marvel_Comics

In April 2013, Marvel and other Disney conglomerate components began announcing joint projects. With ABC, a Once Upon a Time graphic novel was announced for publication in September. With Disney, Marvel announced in October 2013 that in January 2014 it would release its first title under their joint "Disney Kingdoms" imprint "Seekers of the Weird", a five-issue miniseries. On January 3, 2014, fellow Disney subsidiary Lucasfilm Limited, LLC announced that as of 2015, Star Wars comics would once again be published by Marvel.

Question: What TV network shares a parent with Marvel?
Answer: ABC

Question: What series on this network was given a Marvel graphic novel?
Answer: Once Upon a Time

Question: What is the Marvel and Disney line of comics called?
Answer: "Disney Kingdoms"

Question: What was the first title published in that joint line of comics?
Answer: "Seekers of the Weird"

Question: What movie sci-fi franchise returned to Marvel in 2015?
Answer: Star Wars
Marvel_Comics

Marvel first licensed two prose novels to Bantam Books, who printed The Avengers Battle the Earth Wrecker by Otto Binder (1967) and Captain America: The Great Gold Steal by Ted White (1968). Various publishers took up the licenses from 1978 to 2002. Also, with the various licensed films being released beginning in 1997, various publishers put out movie novelizations. In 2003, following publication of the prose young adult novel Mary Jane, starring Mary Jane Watson from the Spider-Man mythos, Marvel announced the formation of the publishing imprint Marvel Press. However, Marvel moved back to licensing with Pocket Books from 2005 to 2008. With few books issued under the imprint, Marvel and Disney Books Group relaunched Marvel Press in 2011 with the Marvel Origin Storybooks line.

Question: What publisher did Marvel first license its characters to for novelization?
Answer: Bantam Books

Question: What was the first novel published under this deal?
Answer: The Avengers Battle the Earth Wrecker by Otto Binder

Question: What was the name of the short-lived Marvel novelization book publisher during the 2000s?
Answer: Marvel Press

Question: In 2005, Marvel dropped it's own publishing rights for novelization and instead partnered with what publisher?
Answer: Pocket Books

Question: Marvel Press was relaunched in what year?
Answer: 2011
Marvel_Comics

Walt Disney Parks and Resorts plans on creating original Marvel attractions at their theme parks, with Hong Kong Disneyland becoming the first Disney theme park to feature a Marvel attraction. Due to the licensing agreement with Universal Studios, signed prior to Disney's purchase of Marvel, Walt Disney World and Tokyo Disney are barred from having Marvel characters in their parks. However, this only includes characters Universal is currently using, other characters in their "families" (X-Men, Avengers, Fantastic Four, etc.), and the villains associated with said characters. This clause has allowed Walt Disney World to have meet and greets, merchandise, attractions and more with other Marvel characters not associated with the characters at Islands of Adventures, such as Star-Lord and Gamora from Guardians of the Galaxy as well as Baymax and Hiro from Big Hero 6.

Question: What Disney theme park will become the first to feature Marvel-specific attractions?
Answer: Hong Kong Disneyland

Question: Because of a prior contract, what two Disney parks are barred from featuring Marvel characters?
Answer: Walt Disney World and Tokyo Disney

Question: The contract with what non-Disney studio prevents some parks from using Marvel characters?
Answer: Universal Studios

Question: What Marvel movie featured Star-Lord and Gamora?
Answer: Guardians of the Galaxy

Question: What movie features the characters Baymax and Hiro?
Answer: Big Hero 6
British_Empire

During the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal and Spain pioneered European exploration of the globe, and in the process established large overseas empires. Envious of the great wealth these empires generated, England, France, and the Netherlands began to establish colonies and trade networks of their own in the Americas and Asia. A series of wars in the 17th and 18th centuries with the Netherlands and France left England (and then, following union between England and Scotland in 1707, Great Britain) the dominant colonial power in North America and India.

Question: In which centuries was the Age of Discovery?
Answer: 15th and 16th centuries

Question: Which countries pioneered European exploration of the globe?
Answer: Portugal and Spain

Question: When did England become Great Britain?
Answer: 1707

Question: Which countries began colonizing because they envied the empires of Portugal and Spain?
Answer: England, France, and the Netherlands

Question: Which country combined with England to form Great Britain?
Answer: Scotland
British_Empire

The British declaration of war on Germany and its allies also committed the colonies and Dominions, which provided invaluable military, financial and material support. Over 2.5 million men served in the armies of the Dominions, as well as many thousands of volunteers from the Crown colonies. The contributions of Australian and New Zealand troops during the 1915 Gallipoli Campaign against the Ottoman Empire had a great impact on the national consciousness at home, and marked a watershed in the transition of Australia and New Zealand from colonies to nations in their own right. The countries continue to commemorate this occasion on Anzac Day. Canadians viewed the Battle of Vimy Ridge in a similar light. The important contribution of the Dominions to the war effort was recognised in 1917 by the British Prime Minister David Lloyd George when he invited each of the Dominion Prime Ministers to join an Imperial War Cabinet to co-ordinate imperial policy.

Question: When was the Gallipoli Campaign?
Answer: 1915

Question: Which British Prime Minister recognized the Dominions' contributions in 1917?
Answer: David Lloyd George

Question: The Gallipoli Campaign fought against which country?
Answer: the Ottoman Empire

Question: The Imperial War Cabinet was created by which British Prime Minister?
Answer: Gallipoli Campaign

Question: How many people were in the Dominions' armies?
Answer: Over 2.5 million
Madonna_(entertainer)

Madonna starred as Breathless Mahoney in the film Dick Tracy (1990), with Warren Beatty playing the title role. Her performance led to a Saturn Award nomination for Best Actress. To accompany the film, she released the soundtrack album, I'm Breathless, which included songs inspired by the film's 1930s setting. It also featured the US number-one hit "Vogue" and "Sooner or Later", which earned songwriter Stephen Sondheim an Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1991. While shooting the film, Madonna began a relationship with Beatty, which dissolved by the end of 1990. In April 1990, Madonna began her Blond Ambition World Tour, which was held until August. Rolling Stone called it an "elaborately choreographed, sexually provocative extravaganza" and proclaimed it "the best tour of 1990". The tour generated strong negative reaction from religious groups for her performance of "Like a Virgin", during which two male dancers caressed her body before she simulated masturbation. In response, Madonna said, "The tour in no way hurts anybody's sentiments. It's for open minds and gets them to see sexuality in a different way. Their own and others". The Laserdisc release of the tour won Madonna a Grammy Award in 1992 for Best Long Form Music Video.

Question: In the film Dick Tracy, who did Madonna starred as?
Answer: Breathless Mahoney

Question: Madonna's role in Dick Tracy led to which award nomination?
Answer: Saturn Award

Question: Who earned an Academy Award for the song "Vogue" and "Sooner or Later?" 
Answer: Stephen Sondheim

Question: When did Madonna and Beatty's relationship end?
Answer: end of 1990

Question: Who did Madonna have a relationship with while shooting the film?
Answer: Beatty
Law_of_the_United_States

The law of the United States comprises many levels of codified and uncodified forms of law, of which the most important is the United States Constitution, the foundation of the federal government of the United States. The Constitution sets out the boundaries of federal law, which consists of acts of Congress, treaties ratified by the Senate, regulations promulgated by the executive branch, and case law originating from the federal judiciary. The United States Code is the official compilation and codification of general and permanent federal statutory law.

Question: What is the foundation of the United States federal government?
Answer: United States Constitution

Question: In the Unites States what sets out the boundaries of federal law?
Answer: The Constitution

Question: What is defined as the official codification of federal statutory law?
Answer: The United States Code

Question: What is compromised of many levels of codified and uncodified forms of law?
Answer: law of the United States

Question: The constitution set boundaries for case law that originates from where?
Answer: federal judiciary

Question: What is the foundation of the U.S. federal government?
Answer: the United States Constitution

Question: What sets out the boundries of federal law?
Answer: The Constitution

Question: What two forms of law make up the laws of the United States?
Answer: codified and uncodified

Question: What is th eofficial compilation of federal statutory law called?
Answer: The United States Code

Question: What different kinds of law make up the laws of the United States?
Answer: codified and uncodified

Question: What is the most important document in the US, setting the boundries for all other laws?
Answer: the United States Constitution

Question: What branch of gevernment is responsible for ratifing treaties?
Answer: Senate

Question: With branch of government deals with new regulations?
Answer: the executive branch

Question: Who's responsibility is case law?
Answer: the federal judiciary
Law_of_the_United_States

Federal law and treaties, so long as they are in accordance with the Constitution, preempt conflicting state and territorial laws in the 50 U.S. states and in the territories. However, the scope of federal preemption is limited because the scope of federal power is not universal. In the dual-sovereign system of American federalism (actually tripartite because of the presence of Indian reservations), states are the plenary sovereigns, each with their own constitution, while the federal sovereign possesses only the limited supreme authority enumerated in the Constitution. Indeed, states may grant their citizens broader rights than the federal Constitution as long as they do not infringe on any federal constitutional rights. Thus, most U.S. law (especially the actual "living law" of contract, tort, property, criminal, and family law experienced by the majority of citizens on a day-to-day basis) consists primarily of state law, which can and does vary greatly from one state to the next.

Question: What comes before state and territorial laws in the 50 U.S states?
Answer: Federal law and treaties

Question: Federal sovereign only possess authority if it is stated in what?
Answer: the Constitution

Question: States may grant their citizens border rights as long as they do not infringe on what?
Answer: federal constitutional rights

Question: Most U.S law, the kind of law we live everyday, consists of what kind of law?
Answer: state law

Question: Does every state have the same laws?
Answer: vary greatly from one state to the next.

Question: Federal law overrides what laws?
Answer: conflicting state and territorial laws

Question: The scope of federal power is not what?
Answer: universal

Question: What type of system is American Federalism?
Answer: dual-sovereign system

Question: American Federalism can also be considered tripartite because of the presence of what?
Answer: Indian reservations

Question: States can grant their people broader rights than those granted in what document?
Answer: the federal Constitution

Question: Is there anything that trumps state law?
Answer: Federal law and treaties

Question: How many state make up the United States?
Answer: 50

Question: Can states grant rights to citizens that are not defined by the constitution?
Answer: as long as they do not infringe on any federal constitutional rights

Question: What is day-to-day, operational law considered?
Answer: "living law"

Question: What is living law mostly made up of?
Answer: state law
Law_of_the_United_States

Notably, a statute does not disappear automatically merely because it has been found unconstitutional; it must be deleted by a subsequent statute. Many federal and state statutes have remained on the books for decades after they were ruled to be unconstitutional. However, under the principle of stare decisis, no sensible lower court will enforce an unconstitutional statute, and any court that does so will be reversed by the Supreme Court. Conversely, any court that refuses to enforce a constitutional statute (where such constitutionality has been expressly established in prior cases) will risk reversal by the Supreme Court.

Question: In order for a unconstitutional statue to disappear, it has to be deleted by?  
Answer: a subsequent statute

Question: What has remained on the books after they were ruled unconstitutional? 
Answer: federal and state statutes

Question: What principle  states no lower court will enforce an unconstitutional statue? 
Answer: stare decisis

Question: Who can reverse an unconstitutional court ruling?
Answer: the Supreme Court

Question: What must happen to a statute for it to become unconstitutional?
Answer: it must be deleted

Question: What can delete a statute and make it unconstitutional?
Answer: a subsequent statute

Question: Some federal and state statutes remain on the books for how long after they are ruled unconstitutional?
Answer: decades

Question: What decisis states that no lower court will enforce an unconstitutional statute?
Answer: the principle of stare decisis

Question: Any court that enforces an unconstitutional statute will be overturned by what court?
Answer: the Supreme Court

Question: If a statute is unconstitutional, how is it removed?
Answer: deleted by a subsequent statute

Question: What happens when an unconstitutional statute remains on the books?
Answer: no sensible lower court will enforce

Question: What would happen if a lower court tried to enforce an unconstitutional statute?
Answer: reversed by the Supreme Court

Question: What must happen before the Supreme Court will reverse a decision by a lower court refusing to uphold a constitutional law?
Answer: constitutionality has been expressly established in prior cases

Question: What would happen if a lower court refused to uphold a constitutional law?
Answer: risk reversal by the Supreme Court
Law_of_the_United_States

Notably, the most broadly influential innovation of 20th-century American tort law was the rule of strict liability for defective products, which originated with judicial glosses on the law of warranty. In 1963, Roger J. Traynor of the Supreme Court of California threw away legal fictions based on warranties and imposed strict liability for defective products as a matter of public policy in the landmark case of Greenman v. Yuba Power Products. The American Law Institute subsequently adopted a slightly different version of the Greenman rule in Section 402A of the Restatement (Second) of Torts, which was published in 1964 and was very influential throughout the United States. Outside the U.S., the rule was adopted by the European Economic Community in the Product Liability Directive of July 1985 by Australia in July 1992 and by Japan in June 1994.

Question: The rule of liability for defective products originated from what law?
Answer: law of warranty

Question: In what case did the supreme court of California, throw away warranties and strictly impose liability for defective products?
Answer: Greenman v. Yuba Power Products

Question: What was most influential American 20th century tort law?
Answer: rule of strict liability for defective products

Question: What year was the case Greenman v. Yuba Power products?
Answer: 1963

Question: What is one of the most influential changes to tort law?
Answer: rule of strict liability for defective products

Question: Who was at the forefront of the fight to change the laws on defective products?
Answer: Roger J. Traynor

Question: When was the Greenman rule in Section 402A of the Restatement (Second) of Torts published?
Answer: 1964

Question: What case was fundamental in the fight to change warranty laws?
Answer: Greenman v. Yuba Power Products

Question: When was the Restatement (Second) of Torts beginning to be adopted outside of the United States?
Answer: 1985
Law_of_the_United_States

Tort law covers the entire imaginable spectrum of wrongs which humans can inflict upon each other, and of course, partially overlaps with wrongs also punishable by criminal law. Although the American Law Institute has attempted to standardize tort law through the development of several versions of the Restatement of Torts, many states have chosen to adopt only certain sections of the Restatements and to reject others. Thus, because of its immense size and diversity, American tort law cannot be easily summarized.

Question: What law covers wrongs which humans can inflict upon each other?
Answer: Tort law

Question: Why can American tort law not be easily summarized?
Answer: because of its immense size and diversity

Question: While attempting to standardize tort law, multiple versions of tort law have come about, what are there versions called?
Answer: Restatement of Torts

Question: What covers crimes of human against human?
Answer: Tort law

Question: What does tort law overlap with?
Answer: wrongs also punishable by criminal law

Question: What is attempting to standardize the tort law system?
Answer: Restatement of Torts

Question: What is the Restatement of Torts not successfull as a whole yet?
Answer: many states have chosen to adopt only certain sections

Question: Why is tort law hard to standardize?
Answer: immense size and diversity
Law_of_the_United_States

However, it is important to understand that despite the presence of reception statutes, much of contemporary American common law has diverged significantly from English common law. The reason is that although the courts of the various Commonwealth nations are often influenced by each other's rulings, American courts rarely follow post-Revolution Commonwealth rulings unless there is no American ruling on point, the facts and law at issue are nearly identical, and the reasoning is strongly persuasive.

Question: A lot of American common law diverged from where?
Answer: English common law

Question: When would American courts follow post-revolution commonwealth rulings?
Answer: there is no American ruling on point

Question: Courts in commonwealth nations are often influenced by what?
Answer: by each other's rulings

Question: Most modern American common law came from what kind of law?
Answer: English common law

Question: Couts of commonwealth nations are often influenced by who's rulings?
Answer: each other's

Question: What rulings do American courts rarely follow?
Answer: post-Revolution Commonwealth rulings

Question: What is one reason American courts may follow a post Revolutionary Commonwealth ruling under what circumstances?
Answer: there is no American ruling on point

Question: How close is current American law to English law?
Answer: diverged significantly

Question: What differs about American and English law?
Answer: American courts rarely follow post-Revolution Commonwealth rulings

Question: When would American law be more likely to follow English law?
Answer: no American ruling on point

Question: How close do the issues have to be in order for an English law to be used?
Answer: nearly identical
Law_of_the_United_States

The actual substance of English law was formally "received" into the United States in several ways. First, all U.S. states except Louisiana have enacted "reception statutes" which generally state that the common law of England (particularly judge-made law) is the law of the state to the extent that it is not repugnant to domestic law or indigenous conditions. Some reception statutes impose a specific cutoff date for reception, such as the date of a colony's founding, while others are deliberately vague. Thus, contemporary U.S. courts often cite pre-Revolution cases when discussing the evolution of an ancient judge-made common law principle into its modern form, such as the heightened duty of care traditionally imposed upon common carriers.

Question: Reception statues are generally the same as what law?
Answer: the common law of England

Question: Who sites pre-revolution cases when discussion evolution of judge-made law? 
Answer: contemporary U.S. courts

Question: Which US State did not  enact reception statues? 
Answer: Louisiana

Question: What do reception statutes state is the law of the state?
Answer: common law of England

Question: What is the only state to not enact reception statutes?
Answer: Louisiana

Question: Some reception statutes impose what?
Answer: a specific cutoff date

Question: Modern courts often cite which period in history cases when discussing changes in law?
Answer: pre-Revolution

Question: What are reception statutes?
Answer: the common law of England (particularly judge-made law) is the law of the state

Question: When are reception statutes invaild?
Answer: repugnant to domestic law or indigenous conditions

Question: Where did the bulk of the US's starting laws come from?
Answer: English law

Question: Which is the only stste without reception statutes?
Answer: Louisiana

Question: What kind of case would a contemporary lawyer discuss when talking about an ancient judge-made common law principle?
Answer: pre-Revolution