nc33/MultiSpan_SQUAD huggingface dataset:
Flowering_plant

Double fertilization refers to a process in which two sperm cells fertilize cells in the ovary. This process begins when a pollen grain adheres to the stigma of the pistil (female reproductive structure), germinates, and grows a long pollen tube. While this pollen tube is growing, a haploid generative cell travels down the tube behind the tube nucleus. The generative cell divides by mitosis to produce two haploid (n) sperm cells. As the pollen tube grows, it makes its way from the stigma, down the style and into the ovary. Here the pollen tube reaches the micropyle of the ovule and digests its way into one of the synergids, releasing its contents (which include the sperm cells). The synergid that the cells were released into degenerates and one sperm makes its way to fertilize the egg cell, producing a diploid (2n) zygote. The second sperm cell fuses with both central cell nuclei, producing a triploid (3n) cell. As the zygote develops into an embryo, the triploid cell develops into the endosperm, which serves as the embryo's food supply. The ovary now will develop into fruit and the ovule will develop into seed.

Question: What process does double fertilization refer to?
Answer: two sperm cells fertilize cells in the ovary

Question: What does a pollen grain adhere to, to start the process of double fertilization?
Answer: the stigma of the pistil

Question: What type of cell travels down the pollen tube while it's growing?
Answer: haploid generative

Question: Where does the pollen tube release its sperm cells?
Answer: one of the synergids

Question: What serves as the embryo's food supply?
Answer: endosperm
Flowering_plant

The character of the seed coat bears a definite relation to that of the fruit. They protect the embryo and aid in dissemination; they may also directly promote germination. Among plants with indehiscent fruits, in general, the fruit provides protection for the embryo and secures dissemination. In this case, the seed coat is only slightly developed. If the fruit is dehiscent and the seed is exposed, in general, the seed-coat is well developed, and must discharge the functions otherwise executed by the fruit.

Question: The appearance of the seed coat bears a definite relation to that of what?
Answer: the fruit

Question: What does the seed coat protect?
Answer: embryo

Question: What does the fruit of the flower secure?
Answer: dissemination

Question: How developed is the seed coat when it's used for dissemination?
Answer: slightly
Flowering_plant

Agriculture is almost entirely dependent on angiosperms, which provide virtually all plant-based food, and also provide a significant amount of livestock feed. Of all the families of plants, the Poaceae, or grass family (grains), is by far the most important, providing the bulk of all feedstocks (rice, corn — maize, wheat, barley, rye, oats, pearl millet, sugar cane, sorghum). The Fabaceae, or legume family, comes in second place. Also of high importance are the Solanaceae, or nightshade family (potatoes, tomatoes, and peppers, among others), the Cucurbitaceae, or gourd family (also including pumpkins and melons), the Brassicaceae, or mustard plant family (including rapeseed and the innumerable varieties of the cabbage species Brassica oleracea), and the Apiaceae, or parsley family. Many of our fruits come from the Rutaceae, or rue family (including oranges, lemons, grapefruits, etc.), and the Rosaceae, or rose family (including apples, pears, cherries, apricots, plums, etc.).

Question: On what is agriculture almost completely dependent?
Answer: angiosperms

Question: What family of plants is most important for human sustenance?
Answer: Poaceae

Question: What is the more common name of the Fabaceae?
Answer: legume

Question: What family do potatoes, tomatoes and peppers belong to?
Answer: Solanaceae

Question: What family would you find cherries in?
Answer: Rosaceae
Santa_Monica,_California

Santa Monica is a beachfront city in western Los Angeles County, California, United States. The city is named after the Christian saint, Monica. Situated on Santa Monica Bay, it is bordered on three sides by the city of Los Angeles – Pacific Palisades to the north, Brentwood on the northeast, Sawtelle on the east, Mar Vista on the southeast, and Venice on the south. Santa Monica is well known for its affluent single-family neighborhoods but also has many neighborhoods consisting primarily of condominiums and apartments. Over two-thirds of Santa Monica's residents are renters. The Census Bureau population for Santa Monica in 2010 was 89,736.

Question: What type of city is Santa Monica?
Answer: beachfront

Question: What part of Los Angeles County is it located in?
Answer: western

Question: What is Santa Monica named after?
Answer: Christian saint, Monica

Question: Approximately how many residents of Santa Monica rent their property?
Answer: two-thirds

Question: What was the population in 2010 according to the Census Bureau?
Answer: 89,736
Santa_Monica,_California

Santa Monica was long inhabited by the Tongva people. Santa Monica was called Kecheek in the Tongva language. The first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolà, who camped near the present day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769. There are two different versions of the naming of the city. One says that it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica (mother of Saint Augustine), but her feast day is actually May 4. Another version says that it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs (Serra Springs), that were reminiscent of the tears that Saint Monica shed over her son's early impiety.

Question: What did indigenous people that lived in Santa Monica call it previously?
Answer: Kecheek

Question: What was the local population called indigenous to the Santa Monica Area?
Answer: Tongva

Question: What was the first explorers name that came in contact with the natives?
Answer: Gaspar de Portolà

Question: What date did the explorer reach Santa Monica?
Answer: August 3, 1769

Question: What day is the Santa Monica Feast held on?
Answer: May 4
Santa_Monica,_California

Around the start of the 20th century, a growing population of Asian Americans lived in or near Santa Monica and Venice. A Japanese fishing village was located near the Long Wharf while small numbers of Chinese lived or worked in both Santa Monica and Venice. The two ethnic minorities were often viewed differently by White Americans who were often well-disposed towards the Japanese but condescending towards the Chinese. The Japanese village fishermen were an integral economic part of the Santa Monica Bay community.

Question: What ethic group grew in the 20th century?
Answer: Asian

Question: What other ethic minority did white american's treat poorly?
Answer: Chinese

Question: What type of Village was located on the Long Wharf?
Answer: Japanese fishing

Question: How many ethnic minorities were looked at differently in Santa Monica?
Answer: two

Question: What role did the fishing village play in Santa Monica?
Answer: economic part
Santa_Monica,_California

Donald Wills Douglas, Sr. built a plant in 1922 at Clover Field (Santa Monica Airport) for the Douglas Aircraft Company. In 1924, four Douglas-built planes took off from Clover Field to attempt the first aerial circumnavigation of the world. Two planes made it back, after having covered 27,553 miles (44,342 km) in 175 days, and were greeted on their return September 23, 1924, by a crowd of 200,000 (generously estimated). The Douglas Company (later McDonnell Douglas) kept facilities in the city until the 1960s.

Question: Who built a plant in Clover field?
Answer: Donald Wills Douglas, Sr

Question: What company was the structure at Clover Field for?
Answer: Douglas Aircraft

Question: What did Clover Field built airplanes attempt the first of?
Answer: aerial circumnavigation of the world

Question: The Douglas Company had facilities in Santa Monica through what decade?
Answer: 1960s

Question: How Many Planes returned from the circumnavigation in 1924?
Answer: Two
Santa_Monica,_California

Douglas's business grew astronomically with the onset of World War II, employing as many as 44,000 people in 1943. To defend against air attack set designers from the Warner Brothers Studios prepared elaborate camouflage that disguised the factory and airfield. The RAND Corporation began as a project of the Douglas Company in 1945, and spun off into an independent think tank on May 14, 1948. RAND eventually acquired a 15-acre (61,000 m²) campus centrally located between the Civic Center and the pier entrance.

Question: What brought on the Douglas business's company growth?
Answer: World War II

Question: How many people did the company employ in 1943?
Answer: 44,000

Question: The company used camouflage from what designers?
Answer: Warner Brothers Studios

Question: What company started as a project in 1945?
Answer: RAND

Question: What was the camouflage designed to do?
Answer: defend against air attack
Santa_Monica,_California

The Santa Monica Looff Hippodrome (carousel) is a National Historic Landmark. It sits on the Santa Monica Pier, which was built in 1909. The La Monica Ballroom on the pier was once the largest ballroom in the US and the source for many New Year's Eve national network broadcasts. The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium was an important music venue for several decades and hosted the Academy Awards in the 1960s. McCabe's Guitar Shop is still a leading acoustic performance space as well as retail outlet. Bergamot Station is a city-owned art gallery compound that includes the Santa Monica Museum of Art. The city is also home to the California Heritage Museum and the Angels Attic dollhouse and toy museum.

Question: What year was the Sanat Monica Pier buildt?
Answer: 1909

Question: What historic landmark is located on the Pier?
Answer: Looff Hippodrome

Question: La Monica Ballroom used to be what type of ballroom in the United States?
Answer: largest

Question: Where were the Academy Awards held in the 1960's?
Answer: Santa Monica Civic Auditorium

Question: What place is still considered a prominent acoustic performance area?
Answer: McCabe's Guitar Shop
Santa_Monica,_California

The Downtown District is the home of the Third Street Promenade, a major outdoor pedestrian-only shopping district that stretches for three blocks between Wilshire Blvd. and Broadway (not the same Broadway in downtown and south Los Angeles). Third Street is closed to vehicles for those three blocks to allow people to stroll, congregate, shop and enjoy street performers. Santa Monica Place, featuring Bloomingdale's and Nordstrom in a three-level outdoor environment, is located at the south end of the Promenade. After a period of redevelopment, the mall reopened in the fall of 2010 as a modern shopping, entertainment and dining complex with more outdoor space.

Question: The Third Street Promenade is located in what part of Santa Monica?
Answer: Downtown District

Question: How large is the Third Street Promenade?
Answer: three blocks

Question: What is Third Street access shut off from?
Answer: vehicles

Question: What two major department stores are located at the Third Street Promenade?
Answer: Bloomingdale's and Nordstrom

Question: What year did the mall reopen?
Answer: 2010
Santa_Monica,_California

Every fall the Santa Monica Chamber of Commerce hosts The Taste of Santa Monica on the Santa Monica Pier. Visitors can sample food and drinks from Santa Monica restaurants. Other annual events include the Business and Consumer Expo, Sustainable Quality Awards, Santa Monica Cares Health and Wellness Festival, and the State of the City. The swanky Shutters on the Beach Hotel offers a trip to the famous Santa Monica Farmers Market to select and influence the materials that will become that evening's special "Market Dinner."

Question: What event does the Chamber of commerce host in the fall?
Answer: The Taste of Santa Monica

Question: What can visitors do at the Taste of Santa Monica?
Answer: sample food and drinks

Question: Where is the Taste of Santa Monica held each year?
Answer: Santa Monica Pier

Question: Who provides the guests with these samples at the event?
Answer: Santa Monica restaurants

Question: What hotel offers a trip to the famer's market to influence dinner?
Answer: The swanky Shutters
Santa_Monica,_California

Classified as a Subtropical Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csb), Santa Monica enjoys an average of 310 days of sunshine a year. It is located in USDA plant hardiness zone 11a. Because of its location, nestled on the vast and open Santa Monica Bay, morning fog is a common phenomenon in May, June and early July (caused by ocean temperature variations and currents). Like other inhabitants of the greater Los Angeles area, residents have a particular terminology for this phenomenon: the "May Gray" and the "June Gloom". Overcast skies are common during June mornings, but usually the strong sun burns the fog off by noon. In the late winter/early summer, daily fog is a phenomenon too. It happens suddenly and it may last some hours or past sunset time. Nonetheless, it will sometimes stay cloudy and cool all day during June, even as other parts of the Los Angeles area enjoy sunny skies and warmer temperatures. At times, the sun can be shining east of 20th Street, while the beach area is overcast. As a general rule, the beach temperature is from 5 to 10 degrees Fahrenheit (3 to 6 degrees Celsius) cooler than it is inland during summer days, and 5–10 degrees warmer during winter nights.

Question: Roughly how many days of sunshine does Santa Monica get annually? 
Answer: 310

Question: What USDA hardiness zone is Santa Monica located in?
Answer: 11a

Question: What commonly occurs on the mornings in May?
Answer: fog

Question: What have locals coined the morning time in May?
Answer: "May Gray"

Question: What is the beach temperature in Fahrenheit during the summer ? 
Answer: 5 to 10 degrees
Santa_Monica,_California

Santa Monica is one of the most environmentally activist municipalities in the nation. The city first proposed its Sustainable City Plan in 1992 and in 1994, was one of the first cities in the nation to formally adopt a comprehensive sustainability plan, setting waste reduction and water conservation policies for both public and private sector through its Office of Sustainability and the Environment. Eighty-two percent of the city's public works vehicles now run on alternative fuels, including nearly 100% of the municipal bus system, making it among the largest such fleets in the country. Santa Monica fleet vehicles and Buses now source their natural gas from Redeem, a Southern California-based supplier of renewable and sustainable natural gas obtained from non-fracked methane biogas generated from organic landfill waste.

Question: In what two years were the first Sustainable City Plan's introduced?
Answer: 1992 and in 1994

Question: What percent of the city's public work's vehicles use alternate fuels?
Answer: Eighty-two

Question: Water conservation policies have been adopted by what two sectors?
Answer: public and private

Question: What percent of the bus systems use alternate fuels?
Answer: 100%

Question: What company provides the city with natural gas?
Answer: Redeem
Santa_Monica,_California

An urban runoff facility (SMURFF), the first of its kind in the US, catches and treats 3.5 million US gallons (13,000 m3) of water each week that would otherwise flow into the bay via storm-drains and sells it back to end-users within the city for reuse as gray-water, while bio-swales throughout the city allow rainwater to percolate into and replenish the groundwater supply. The groundwater supply in turn plays an important role in the city's Sustainable Water Master Plan, whereby Santa Monica has set a goal of attaining 100% water independence by 2020. The city has numerous programs designed to promote water conservation among residents, including a rebate of $1.50 per square foot for those who convert water intensive lawns to more local drought-tolerant gardens that require less water.

Question: What is the name of the urban runoff facility?
Answer: (SMURFF)

Question: How many gallons of water does (SMURFF) treat every week?
Answer: 3.5 million

Question: How much money do residents get back for participating in water conservation per square foot?
Answer: $1.50

Question: Santa Monica plans on water independence by what year?
Answer: 2020

Question: If (SMURFF) did not collect water where would it go?
Answer: into the bay
Santa_Monica,_California

The city is also in the process of implementing a 5-year and 20 year Bike Action Plan with a goal of attaining 14 to 35% bicycle transportation mode share by 2030 through the installation of enhanced bicycle infrastructure throughout the city. Other environmentally focused initiatives include curbside recycling, curbside composting bins (in addition to trash, yard-waste, and recycle bins), farmers' markets, community gardens, garden-share, an urban forest initiative, a hazardous materials home-collection service, green business certification, and a municipal bus system which is currently being revamped to integrate with the soon-to-open Expo Line.

Question: What year does the city plan on having a bicycle infrastructure?
Answer: 2030

Question: The city has two bike Action Plans of how many years?
Answer: 5-year and 20

Question: The city's bus system is being over hauled to work with what other program?
Answer: Expo Line

Question: What percentages does the city Bike transportation mode's target?
Answer: 14 to 35%

Question: What type of business certification do they plan on expanding?
Answer: green
Santa_Monica,_California

As of the census of 2000, there are 84,084 people, 44,497 households, and 16,775 families in the city. The population density is 10,178.7 inhabitants per square mile (3,930.4/km²). There are 47,863 housing units at an average density of 5,794.0 per square mile (2,237.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city is 78.29% White, 7.25% Asian, 3.78% African American, 0.47% Native American, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 5.97% from other races, and 4.13% from two or more races. 13.44% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 44,497 households, out of which 15.8% have children under the age of 18, 27.5% are married couples living together, 7.5% have a female householder with no husband present, and 62.3% are non-families. 51.2% of all households are made up of individuals and 10.6% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 1.83 and the average family size is 2.80.

Question: How many citizen's were in the year 2000 census?
Answer: 84,084

Question: How many urban families were there?
Answer: 16,775

Question: What is the population density per square mile?
Answer: 10,178.7

Question: From 2000 what was the average family size?
Answer: 2.80

Question: What percent in the 2000 census had persons under the age of 18?
Answer: 15.8%
Santa_Monica,_California

Santa Monica College is a junior college originally founded in 1929. Many SMC graduates transfer to the University of California system. It occupies 35 acres (14 hectares) and enrolls 30,000 students annually. The Frederick S. Pardee RAND Graduate School, associated with the RAND Corporation, is the U.S.'s largest producer of public policy PhDs. The Art Institute of California – Los Angeles is also located in Santa Monica near the Santa Monica Airport. Universities and colleges within a 22-mile (35 km) radius from Santa Monica include Santa Monica College, Antioch University Los Angeles, Loyola Marymount University, Mount St. Mary's College, Pepperdine University, California State University, Northridge, California State University, Los Angeles, UCLA, USC, West Los Angeles College, California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Occidental College (Oxy), Los Angeles City College, Los Angeles Southwest College, Los Angeles Valley College, and Emperor's College of Traditional Oriental Medicine.

Question: What year was the Santa Monica junior college founded?
Answer: 1929

Question: How many acres of land is the Santa Monica Junior College?
Answer: 35

Question: By what area is the Art institute in Santa Monica?
Answer: Airport

Question: There are a plethora of colleges and universities within what radius of Santa Monica?
Answer: 22-mile

Question: How many students enroll to the SMC annually?  
Answer: 30,000
Santa_Monica,_California

Santa Monica has a bike action plan and recently launched a Bicycle sharing system in November 2015. The city is traversed by the Marvin Braude Bike Trail. Santa Monica has received the Bicycle Friendly Community Award (Bronze in 2009, Silver in 2013) by the League of American Bicyclists. Local bicycle advocacy organizations include Santa Monica Spoke, a local chapter of the Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition. Santa Monica is thought to be one of the leaders for bicycle infrastructure and programming in Los Angeles County.[citation needed]

Question: What plan launched a Bicycle sharing system?
Answer: bike action

Question: When was Santa Monica's Bicycle sharing system launched?
Answer: November 2015

Question: What is the name of the bike trail that goes through Santa Monica?
Answer: Marvin Braude

Question: When was the most recent Bicycle Friendly Community Award given to Santa Monica? 
Answer: 2013

Question: What other year did Santa Monica receive the Bicycle Friendly Community award?
Answer: 2009
Santa_Monica,_California

The Santa Monica Freeway (Interstate 10) begins in Santa Monica near the Pacific Ocean and heads east. The Santa Monica Freeway between Santa Monica and downtown Los Angeles has the distinction of being one of the busiest highways in all of North America. After traversing Los Angeles County, I-10 crosses seven more states, terminating at Jacksonville, Florida. In Santa Monica, there is a road sign designating this route as the Christopher Columbus Transcontinental Highway. State Route 2 (Santa Monica Boulevard) begins in Santa Monica, barely grazing State Route 1 at Lincoln Boulevard, and continues northeast across Los Angeles County, through the Angeles National Forest, crossing the San Gabriel Mountains as the Angeles Crest Highway, ending in Wrightwood. Santa Monica is also the western (Pacific) terminus of historic U.S. Route 66. Close to the eastern boundary of Santa Monica, Sepulveda Boulevard reaches from Long Beach at the south, to the northern end of the San Fernando Valley. Just east of Santa Monica is Interstate 405, the "San Diego Freeway", a major north-south route in Los Angeles County and Orange County, California.

Question: What is the name of the Santa Monica Freeway?
Answer: Interstate 10

Question: What road does state route 2 begin on?
Answer: Santa Monica Boulevard

Question: How many more states aside from California does the interstate 10 run through?
Answer: seven more

Question: What city and state does the interstate 10 end at?
Answer: Jacksonville, Florida

Question: Where does the Santa Monica Freeway begin around?
Answer: Pacific Ocean