nc33/MultiSpan_SQUAD huggingface dataset:
BBC_Television

Postwar broadcast coverage was extended to Birmingham in 1949 with the opening of the Sutton Coldfield transmitting station, and by the mid-1950s most of the country was covered, transmitting a 405-line interlaced image on VHF.[original research?]

Question: What city received BBC signals starting in 1949?
Answer: Birmingham

Question: Which facility brought the BBC's transmissions to Birmingham?
Answer: Sutton Coldfield transmitting station

Question: What kind of image was broadcasted by the BBC by the mid-'50s?
Answer: 405-line interlaced image

Question: On what frequency band was the BBC broadcasting in thie 1950s?
Answer: VHF
BBC_Television

Television transmissions resumed from Alexandra Palace in 1946. The BBC Television Service (renamed "BBC tv" in 1960) showed popular programming, including drama, comedies, documentaries, game shows, and soap operas, covering a wide range of genres and regularly competed with ITV to become the channel with the highest ratings for that week. The channel also introduced the science fiction show Doctor Who on 23 November 1963 - at 17:16 - which went on to become one of Britain's most iconic and beloved television programmes.

Question: What was the name of the BBC changed to in 1960?
Answer: BBC tv

Question: What was the BBC's main competitor?
Answer: ITV

Question: What program debuted on November 23, 1963?
Answer: Doctor Who

Question: Where did the BBC broadcast from following World War II?
Answer: Alexandra Palace
BBC_Television

BBC TV was renamed BBC1 in 1964, after the launch of BBC2 (now BBC Two), the third television station (ITV was the second) for the UK; its remit, to provide more niche programming. The channel was due to launch on 20 April 1964, but was put off the air by a massive power failure that affected much of London, caused by a fire at Battersea Power Station. A videotape made on the opening night was rediscovered in 2003 by a BBC technician. In the end the launch went ahead the following night, hosted by Denis Tuohy holding a candle. BBC2 was the first British channel to use UHF and 625-line pictures, giving higher definition than the existing VHF 405-line system.

Question: What was the first station launched after the original BBC?
Answer: ITV

Question: What was the third network started in the UK?
Answer: BBC2

Question: What prevented BBC2 from broadcasting on its scheduled launch date?
Answer: massive power failure

Question: Where was the cause of the power outage?
Answer: Battersea Power Station

Question: Who served as MC for the first BBC2 broadcast?
Answer: Denis Tuohy
BBC_Television

On 1 July 1967, BBC Two became the first television channel in Europe to broadcast regularly in colour, using the West German PAL system that is still in use today although being gradually superseded by digital systems. (BBC One and ITV began 625-line colour broadcasts simultaneously on 15 November 1969). Unlike other terrestrial channels, BBC Two does not have soap opera or standard news programming, but a range of programmes intended to be eclectic and diverse (although if a programme has high audience ratings it is often eventually repositioned to BBC One). The different remit of BBC2 allowed its first controller, Sir David Attenborough to commission the first heavyweight documentaries and documentary series such as Civilisation, The Ascent of Man and Horizon.

Question: What was the first station to show programs in color?
Answer: BBC Two

Question: When did the other two major British stations start color programming?
Answer: 15 November 1969

Question: What types of programs were not shown on BBC Two?
Answer: soap opera or standard news programming

Question: Who was the first controller of BBC2?
Answer: Sir David Attenborough

Question: What kinds of programs did Attenborough favor?
Answer: documentaries
BBC_Television

In 1967 Tom and Jerry cartoons first aired on BBC One, with around 2 episodes shown every evening at 17:00, with occasional morning showings on CBBC. The BBC stopped airing the famous cartoon duo in 2000.

Question: When was the first broadcast of Tom and Jerry on BBC One?
Answer: 1967

Question: When was the final broadcast of Tom and Jerry?
Answer: 2000

Question: How many episodes of Tom and Jerry were shown in the evenings?
Answer: 2

Question: On what channel was Tom and Jerry sometimes shown in the mornings?
Answer: CBBC
BBC_Television

David Attenborough was later granted sabbatical leave from his job as Controller to work with the BBC Natural History Unit which had existed since the 1950s. This unit is now famed throughout the world for producing high quality programmes with Attenborough such as Life on Earth, The Private Life of Plants, The Blue Planet, The Life of Mammals, Planet Earth and Frozen Planet.

Question: Which group did David Attenborough join while on sabbatical?
Answer: BBC Natural History Unit

Question: When did the BBC Natural History Unit come into existence?
Answer: the 1950s

Question: What are some shows that Attenborough created with the BBC Natural History Unit?
Answer: Life on Earth, The Private Life of Plants, The Blue Planet, The Life of Mammals, Planet Earth and Frozen Planet
BBC_Television

National and regional variations also occur within the BBC One and BBC Two schedules. England's BBC One output is split up into fifteen regions (such as South West and East), which exist mainly to produce local news programming, but also occasionally opt out of the network to show programmes of local importance (such as major local events). The other nations of the United Kingdom (Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland) have been granted more autonomy from the English network; for example, programmes are mostly introduced by local announcers, rather than by those in London. BBC One and BBC Two schedules in the other UK nations can vary immensely from BBC One and BBC Two in England.

Question: How many different areas does BBC One accommodate with customized broadcasting?
Answer: fifteen

Question: Which parts of the UK have more control over their BBC broadcasts?
Answer: Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland

Question: Who hosts shows on BBC broadcasts outside of England?
Answer: local announcers

Question: What kind of coverage might take precedence over standard BBC programming?
Answer: major local events
BBC_Television

Programmes, such as the politically fuelled Give My Head Peace (produced by BBC Northern Ireland) and the soap opera River City (produced by BBC Scotland), have been created specifically to cater for some viewers in their respective nations, who may have found programmes created for English audiences irrelevant. BBC Scotland produces daily programmes for its Gaelic-speaking viewers, including current affairs, political and children's programming such as the popular Eòrpa and Dè a-nis?. BBC Wales also produces a large amount of Welsh language programming for S4C, particularly news, sport and other programmes, especially the soap opera Pobol y Cwm ('People of the Valley'). The UK nations also produce a number of programmes that are shown across the UK, such as BBC Scotland's comedy series Chewin' the Fat, and BBC Northern Ireland's talk show Patrick Kielty Almost Live.

Question: What is the name of a political show shown on BBC in Northern Ireland?
Answer: Give My Head Peace

Question: What is the name of a Scottish soap opera?
Answer: River City

Question: What language does BBC Scotland provide programming for?
Answer: Gaelic

Question: What is a well-known Gaelic program?
Answer: Eòrpa and Dè a-nis?

Question: What is the name of a show from Northern Ireland broadcast all over the United Kingdom?
Answer: Patrick Kielty Almost Live
BBC_Television

The BBC is also renowned for its production of costume dramas, such as Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice and contemporary social dramas such as Boys from the Blackstuff and Our Friends in the North. The BBC has come under pressure to commission more programmes from independent British production companies, and indeed is legally required to source 25% of its output from such companies by the terms of the Broadcasting Act 1990. Programmes have also been imported mainly from English-speaking countries: notable—though no longer shown—examples include The Simpsons from the United States and Neighbours from Australia. Because of the availability of programmes in English, few programmes need use sub-titles or dubbing unlike much European television.

Question: How much of its programming must the BBC obtain from other content producers?
Answer: 25%

Question: What is a popular American show that was shown on the BBC?
Answer: The Simpsons

Question: What is a television show from Australia that was shown on the BBC?
Answer: Neighbours
BBC_Television

The BBC also introduced Ceefax, the first teletext service, starting in 1974. This service allows BBC viewers to view textual information such as the latest news on their television. CEEFAX has not made a full transition to digital television, instead being replaced by the new interactive BBCi service.

Question: What kind of service was Ceefax?
Answer: teletext

Question: When was Ceefax launched?
Answer: 1974

Question: What is the modern replacement for Ceefax?
Answer: BBCi
BBC_Television

In March 2003 the BBC announced that from the end of May 2003 (subsequently deferred to 14 July) it intended to transmit all eight of its domestic television channels (including the 15 regional variations of BBC 1) unencrypted from the Astra 2D satellite. This move was estimated to save the BBC £85 million over the next five years.

Question: When did the BBC say it would start using a satellite to transit its signal?
Answer: May 2003

Question: What was the name of the satellite from which the BBC's signal was sent?
Answer: Astra 2D satellite

Question: Due to delays, when was the actual date of the BBC's move to satellite broadcasts?
Answer: 14 July

Question: How much money was the move to satellite worth to the station over the following half decade?
Answer: £85 million
BBC_Television

While the "footprint" of the Astra 2D satellite was smaller than that of Astra 2A, from which it was previously broadcast encrypted, it meant that viewers with appropriate equipment were able to receive BBC channels "free-to-air" over much of Western Europe. Consequently, some rights concerns have needed to be resolved with programme providers such as Hollywood studios and sporting organisations, which have expressed concern about the unencrypted signal leaking out. This led to some broadcasts being made unavailable on the Sky Digital platform, such as Scottish Premier League and Scottish Cup football, while on other platforms such broadcasts were not disrupted. Later, when rights contracts were renewed, this problem was resolved.

Question: With the right tools, what area could get free BBC broadcasts from Astra 2D?
Answer: Western Europe

Question: What are some entities that have taken issue with the possibility that BBC programming was being viewed for free?
Answer: Hollywood studios and sporting organisations

Question: On what service were some shows removed as a result of issues over rights?
Answer: Sky Digital

Question: What are two specific broadcasts suspended on Sky Digital?
Answer: Scottish Premier League and Scottish Cup football
BBC_Television

On 5 July 2004, the BBC celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of its television news bulletins (although it had produced the Television Newsreel for several years before 1954). This event was marked by the release of a DVD, which showed highlights of the BBC's television coverage of significant events over the half-century, as well as changes in the format of the BBC television news; from the newsreel format of the first BBC Television News bulletins, to the 24-hour, worldwide news coverage available in 2004. A special edition of Radio Times was also produced, as well as a special section of the BBC News Online website. In 2005 the pioneering BBC television series Little Angels won a BAFTA award. Little Angels was the first reality parenting show and its most famous episode saw Welsh actress Jynine James try to cope with the tantrums of her six-year-old son.

Question: When was the 50th anniversary of BBC news broadcasts?
Answer: 5 July 2004

Question: On what form of media was a retrospective of the BBC's news broadcasts released to commemorate its 50th anniversary?
Answer: DVD

Question: In what format were the BBC's first new bulletins shown?
Answer: Newsreel

Question: What reality series was awarded a BAFTA in 2005?
Answer: Little Angels
BBC_Television

The BBC Television department headed by Jana Bennett was absorbed into a new, much larger group; BBC Vision, in late 2006. The new group was part of larger restructuring within the BBC with the onset of new media outlets and technology.

Question: Who was the leader of BBC Television in 2006?
Answer: Jana Bennett

Question: What did BBC Television get absorbed into?
Answer: BBC Vision

Question: What caused the move of BBC Television into the BBC VIsion unit?
Answer: the onset of new media outlets and technology
BBC_Television

In 2008, the BBC began experimenting with live streaming of certain channels in the UK, and in November 2008, all standard BBC television channels were made available to watch online.

Question: When did the BBC start exploring the use of internet streaming?
Answer: 2008

Question: When was full coverage of the BBC's standard programming launched in online stream format?
Answer: November 2008
BBC_Television

In February 2016, it was confirmed by BBC Worldwide that Keeping Up Appearances is the corporation's most exported television programme, being sold nearly 1000 times to overseas broadcasters.

Question: As of early 2016, what BBC show has been sold outside of the country the most times?
Answer: Keeping Up Appearances

Question: How many sales of Keeping Up Appearances have been made to non-British buyers?
Answer: nearly 1000

Question: Who announced the status of Keeping Up Appearances as the most exported BBC show?
Answer: BBC Worldwide
BBC_Television

The BBC domestic television channels do not broadcast advertisements; they are instead funded by a television licence fee which TV viewers are required to pay annually. This includes viewers who watch real-time streams of the BBC's channels online or via their mobile phone. The BBC's international television channels are funded by advertisements and subscription.

Question: How often are people required to remit the TV license fee?
Answer: annually

Question: How do the BBC's non-domestic channels generate revenue?
Answer: advertisements and subscription
BBC_Television

As a division within the BBC, Television was formerly known as BBC Vision for a few years in the early 21st century, until its name reverted to Television in 2013. It is responsible for the commissioning, producing, scheduling and broadcasting of all programming on the BBC's television channels, and is led by Danny Cohen.

Question: When did BBC Vision change back to BBC Television?
Answer: 2013

Question: Who is the current head of BBC Television?
Answer: Danny Cohen

Question: What are the four responsibilities of BBC Television?
Answer: commissioning, producing, scheduling and broadcasting
BBC_Television

BBC Japan was a general entertainment channel, which operated between December 2004 and April 2006. It ceased operations after its Japanese distributor folded.

Question: When did BBC Japan begin broadcasting?
Answer: December 2004

Question: When did BBC Japan shut down?
Answer: April 2006

Question: What was the genre of BBC Japan?
Answer: general entertainment
Warsaw_Pact

The Warsaw Pact (formally, the Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance, sometimes, informally WarPac, akin in format to NATO) was a collective defense treaty among Soviet Union and seven Soviet satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe in existence during the Cold War. The Warsaw Pact was the military complement to the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CoMEcon), the regional economic organization for the communist states of Central and Eastern Europe. The Warsaw Pact was created in reaction to the integration of West Germany into NATO in 1955 per the Paris Pacts of 1954, but it is also considered to have been motivated by Soviet desires to maintain control over military forces in Central and Eastern Europe.

Question: In which year was the Warsaw Pact established?
Answer: 1955

Question: Which nation formed the nucleus of the Warsaw Pact?
Answer: Soviet Union

Question: Which conflict was the impetus for the formation of the Pact?
Answer: the Cold War

Question: How many Soviet allied countries were members of the Warsaw Pact?
Answer: seven

Question: The acceptance of which country into NATO prompted the formation of the Warsaw Pact?
Answer: West Germany
Warsaw_Pact

While the Warsaw Pact was established as a balance of power or counterweight to NATO, there was no direct confrontation between them. Instead, the conflict was fought on an ideological basis. Both NATO and the Warsaw Pact led to the expansion of military forces and their integration into the respective blocs. The Warsaw Pact's largest military engagement was Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia (with the participation of all Pact nations except Romania and Albania). The Pact failed to function when the Revolutions of 1989 spread through Eastern Europe, beginning with the Solidarity movement in Poland and its success in June 1989.

Question: Which organization was in direct competition with the Warsaw Pact?
Answer: NATO

Question: Which nation saw the most significant Warsaw Pact military deployment? 
Answer: Czechoslovakia

Question: What was the name of the Polish revolutionary movement which the Warsaw Pact failed to suppress?
Answer: Solidarity

Question: Which country saw the largest Warsaw Pact deployment? 
Answer: Czechoslovakia

Question: In which year did the Warsaw Pact cease to function effectively? 
Answer: 1989

Question: What was the name of the Polish labor movement which successfully defied the Warsaw Pact?
Answer: Solidarity
Warsaw_Pact

On 25 February 1991, the Pact was declared at an end at a meeting of defense and foreign ministers from the remaining member states meeting in Hungary. On 1 July 1991, the Czechoslovak President Václav Havel formally declared an end to the Warsaw Treaty Organization of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance which had been established in 1955. The USSR itself was dissolved in December 1991.

Question: In which country did the Warsaw Pact dissolution meeting take place?
Answer: Hungary

Question: Who was the president of Czechoslovakia during the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact? 
Answer: Václav Havel
Warsaw_Pact

The Warsaw Treaty's organization was two-fold: the Political Consultative Committee handled political matters, and the Combined Command of Pact Armed Forces controlled the assigned multi-national forces, with headquarters in Warsaw, Poland. Furthermore, the Supreme Commander of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization which commands and controls all the military forces of the member countries was also a First Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR, and the Chief of Combined Staff of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization was also a First Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Therefore, although ostensibly an international collective security alliance, the USSR dominated the Warsaw Treaty armed forces.

Question: Despite being headquartered in Poland, the top-ranking operatives of the Warsaw Pact were from which country?
Answer: the USSR

Question: Which nation was in effective control of both political and military functions of the Warsaw Pact?
Answer: the USSR
Warsaw_Pact

The strategy behind the formation of the Warsaw Pact was driven by the desire of the Soviet Union to dominate Central and Eastern Europe. This policy was driven by ideological and geostrategic reasons. Ideologically, the Soviet Union arrogated the right to define socialism and communism and act as the leader of the global socialist movement. A corollary to this idea was the necessity of intervention if a country appeared to be violating core socialist ideas and Communist Party functions, which was explicitly stated in the Brezhnev Doctrine. Geostrategic principles also drove the Soviet Union to prevent invasion of its territory by Western European powers.

Question: Which ideologies did the Soviet Union aspire to lead around the globe?
Answer: socialism and communism

Question: Which Soviet leader formed doctrine aimed at keeping socialist satellite nations in line?
Answer: Brezhnev

Question: The Soviet Union feared invasion from which potential enemy?
Answer: Western Europe
Warsaw_Pact

Before creation of Warsaw Pact, fearing Germany rearmed, Czechoslovak leadership sought to create security pact with East Germany and Poland. These states protested strongly against re-militarization of West Germany. The Warsaw Pact was primarily put in place as a consequence of the rearming of West Germany inside NATO. Soviet leaders, as many European countries in both western and eastern side, feared Germany being once again a military power as a direct threat and German militarism remained a fresh memory among Soviets and Eastern Europeans. As Soviet Union had already bilateral treaties with all of its eastern satellites, the Pact has been long considered 'superfluous', and because of the rushed way in which it was conceived, NATO officials labeled it as a 'cardboard castle'. Previously, in March 1954, the USSR, fearing the restoration of German Militarism in West Germany, requested admission to NATO.

Question: The formation of the Warsaw Pact was driven by fears of which country rearming itself?
Answer: West Germany

Question: Which country sought NATO admission in response to the fear of German rearmament?
Answer: the USSR
Warsaw_Pact

The Soviet request to join NATO arose in the aftermath of the Berlin Conference of January–February 1954. Soviet foreign minister Molotov made proposals to have Germany reunified and elections for a pan-German government, under conditions of withdrawal of the four powers armies and German neutrality, but all were refused by the other foreign ministers, Dulles (USA), Eden (UK) and Bidault (France). Proposals for the reunification of Germany were nothing new: earlier on 20 March 1952, talks about a German reunification, initiated by the socalled 'Stalin Note', ended after the United Kingdom, France, and the United States insisted that a unified Germany should not be neutral and should be free to join the European Defence Community and rearm. James Dunn (USA), who met in Paris with Eden, Adenauer and Robert Schuman (France), affirmed that "the object should be to avoid discussion with the Russians and to press on the European Defense Community". According to John Gaddis "there was little inclination in Western capitals to explore this offer" from USSR. While historian Rolf Steininger asserts that Adenauer's conviction that “neutralization means sovietization” was the main factor in the rejection of the soviet proposals, Adenauer also feared that unification might have resulted in the end of the CDU's dominance in the Bundestag.

Question: Who was the Soviet minister who proposed German reunification?
Answer: Molotov

Question: When was reunification first proposed as an idea?
Answer: 1952
Warsaw_Pact

The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's Republic of Albania participated in the invasion.

Question: In which year was the Warsaw Pact activated in a joint action?
Answer: 1968

Question: Which country did the Pact conquer?
Answer: Czechoslovakia