nc33/MultiSpan_SQUAD huggingface dataset:
United_States_Army

Currently, the army is divided into the Regular Army, the Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard. The army is also divided into major branches such as Air Defense Artillery, Infantry, Aviation, Signal Corps, Corps of Engineers, and Armor. Before 1903 members of the National Guard were considered state soldiers unless federalized (i.e., activated) by the President. Since the Militia Act of 1903 all National Guard soldiers have held dual status: as National Guardsmen under the authority of the governor of their state or territory and, when activated, as a reserve of the U.S. Army under the authority of the President.

Question: What were National Guard members considered before 1903?
Answer: state soldiers

Question: In what year did the Milita Act take place?
Answer: 1903

Question: The Air Defense Artillery is a branch of what?
Answer: the Army

Question: National Guardsmen are under the authority of who?
Answer: the governor
United_States_Army

The U.S. Army currently consists of 10 active divisions as well as several independent units. The force is in the process of contracting after several years of growth. In June 2013, the Army announced plans to downsize to 32 active combat brigade teams by 2015 to match a reduction in active duty strength to 490,000 soldiers. Army Chief of Staff Raymond Odierno has projected that by 2018 the Army will eventually shrink to "450,000 in the active component, 335,000 in the National Guard and 195,000 in U.S. Army Reserve."

Question: How many divisions are there in the U.S. Army?
Answer: 10

Question: How many brigade teams did the Army downsize to by 2015?
Answer: 32

Question: Who is the Army Chief of Staff?
Answer: Raymond Odierno

Question: By 2018, how many active Army members will there be?
Answer: 450,000

Question: How many Army Reserve members will there be by 2018?
Answer: 195,000
United_States_Army

Training in the U.S. Army is generally divided into two categories – individual and collective. Basic training consists of 10 weeks for most recruits followed by Advanced Individualized Training (AIT) where they receive training for their military occupational specialties (MOS). Some individuals MOSs range anywhere from 14–20 weeks of One Station Unit Training (OSUT), which combines Basic Training and AIT. The length of AIT school varies by the MOS The length of time spent in AIT depends on the MOS of the soldier, and some highly technical MOS training may require many months (e.g., foreign language translators). Depending on the needs of the army, Basic Combat Training for combat arms soldiers is conducted at a number of locations, but two of the longest-running are the Armor School and the Infantry School, both at Fort Benning, Georgia.

Question: What categories are U.S. Army training divided into?
Answer: individual and collective

Question: How long does basic training last?
Answer: 10 weeks

Question: How long does military occupation specialties training last?
Answer: 14–20 weeks

Question: What does OSUT stand for?
Answer: One Station Unit Training

Question: Where are the Armor School and the Infantry School both located?
Answer: Fort Benning, Georgia
United_States_Army

Many units are supplemented with a variety of specialized weapons, including the M249 SAW (Squad Automatic Weapon), to provide suppressive fire at the fire-team level. Indirect fire is provided by the M203 grenade launcher. The M1014 Joint Service Combat Shotgun or the Mossberg 590 Shotgun are used for door breaching and close-quarters combat. The M14EBR is used by designated marksmen. Snipers use the M107 Long Range Sniper Rifle, the M2010 Enhanced Sniper Rifle, and the M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper Rifle.

Question: What does the SAW in M249 SAW stand for?
Answer: Squad Automatic Weapon

Question: What kind of gunfire is the M249 SAW generally used for?
Answer: suppressive fire

Question: What is the Mossberg 590 used for?
Answer: door breaching and close-quarters combat

Question: What gun do designated marksmen use?
Answer: M14EBR

Question: What semi-automatic sniper do Snipers use?
Answer: M110
United_States_Army

The Pentagon bought 25,000 MRAP vehicles since 2007 in 25 variants through rapid acquisition with no long-term plans for the platforms. The Army plans to divest 7,456 vehicles and retain 8,585. Of the total number of vehicles the Army will keep, 5,036 will be put in storage, 1,073 will be used for training, and the remainder will be spread across the active force. The Oshkosh M-ATV will be kept the most at 5,681 vehicles, as it is smaller and lighter than other MRAPs for off-road mobility. The other most retained vehicle will be the Navistar MaxxPro Dash with 2,633 vehicles, plus 301 Maxxpro ambulances. Thousands of other MRAPs like the Cougar, BAE Caiman, and larger MaxxPros will be disposed of.

Question: How many MRAP vehicles has the Pentagon bought since 2007?
Answer: 25,000

Question: How many of the vehicles will be used for training?
Answer: 1,073

Question: How many of the 25,000 vehicles do they plan on getting rid of?
Answer: 7,456

Question: The Army will be keeping 5,681 of what vehicle?
Answer: Oshkosh M-ATV

Question: What type of ambulance will the Army have 301 of?
Answer: Maxxpro
United_States_Army

The U.S. Army black beret (having been permanently replaced with the patrol cap) is no longer worn with the new ACU for garrison duty. After years of complaints that it wasn't suited well for most work conditions, Army Chief of Staff General Martin Dempsey eliminated it for wear with the ACU in June 2011. Soldiers still wear berets who are currently in a unit in jump status, whether the wearer is parachute-qualified, or not (maroon beret), Members of the 75th Ranger Regiment and the Airborne and Ranger Training Brigade (tan beret), and Special Forces (rifle green beret) and may wear it with the Army Service Uniform for non-ceremonial functions. Unit commanders may still direct the wear of patrol caps in these units in training environments or motor pools.

Question: What piece of the uniform has been replaced by the patrol cap?
Answer: black beret

Question: Who was the Army Chief of Staff at this time?
Answer: General Martin Dempsey

Question: What month and year was the black beret replaced?
Answer: June 2011

Question: If a soldier is in a unit in jump status, what color beret do they wear?
Answer: maroon

Question: The rifle green beret is worn by whom?
Answer: Special Forces
United_States_Army

As a uniformed military service, the Army is part of the Department of the Army, which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant, the Secretary of the Army (SECARMY), and by a chief military officer, the Chief of Staff of the Army (CSA) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In the fiscal year 2016, the projected end strength for the Regular Army (USA) was 475,000 soldiers; the Army National Guard (ARNG) had 342,000 soldiers, and the United States Army Reserve (USAR) had 198,000 soldiers; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,015,000 soldiers. As a branch of the armed forces, the mission of the U.S. Army is "to fight and win our Nation's wars, by providing prompt, sustained, land dominance, across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict, in support of combatant commanders." The service participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force.

Question: How many military departments does the Department of Defense have?
Answer: three

Question: What does SECARMY stand for?
Answer: Secretary of the Army

Question: What does CSA stand for?
Answer: Chief of Staff of the Army

Question: At the end of 2016, how many soldiers were in the Regular Army?
Answer: 475,000

Question: How many soldiers were there in the entire U.S. Army at the end of 2016?
Answer: 1,015,000
United_States_Army

The army's major campaign against the Indians was fought in Florida against Seminoles. It took long wars (1818–58) to finally defeat the Seminoles and move them to Oklahoma. The usual strategy in Indian wars was to seize control of the Indians winter food supply, but that was no use in Florida where there was no winter. The second strategy was to form alliances with other Indian tribes, but that too was useless because the Seminoles had destroyed all the other Indians when they entered Florida in the late eighteenth century.

Question: What Indian tribe was the Army's major campaign against?
Answer: Seminoles

Question: During what years did the wars between the Army and the Seminoles take place?
Answer: 1818–58

Question: What state were the Seminoles moved to?
Answer: Oklahoma

Question: What did the Army traditionally take control of to defeat the Indians?
Answer: winter food supply

Question: During what century did the Seminoles enter Florida?
Answer: eighteenth
United_States_Army

During the Cold War, American troops and their allies fought Communist forces in Korea and Vietnam. The Korean War began in 1950, when the Soviets walked out of a U.N. Security meeting, removing their possible veto. Under a United Nations umbrella, hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops fought to prevent the takeover of South Korea by North Korea, and later, to invade the northern nation. After repeated advances and retreats by both sides, and the PRC People's Volunteer Army's entry into the war, the Korean Armistice Agreement returned the peninsula to the status quo in 1953.

Question: What year did the Korean War start?
Answer: 1950

Question: Who walked out of the U.N. security meeting?
Answer: the Soviets

Question: In what two countries did the American troops fight Communist forces?
Answer: Korea and Vietnam

Question: In what year did the Korean war end?
Answer: 1953
United_States_Army

By 1989 Germany was nearing reunification and the Cold War was coming to a close. Army leadership reacted by starting to plan for a reduction in strength. By November 1989 Pentagon briefers were laying out plans to reduce army end strength by 23%, from 750,000 to 580,000. A number of incentives such as early retirement were used. In 1990 Iraq invaded its smaller neighbor, Kuwait, and U.S. land forces, quickly deployed to assure the protection of Saudi Arabia. In January 1991 Operation Desert Storm commenced, a U.S.-led coalition which deployed over 500,000 troops, the bulk of them from U.S. Army formations, to drive out Iraqi forces. The campaign ended in total victory, as Western coalition forces routed the Iraqi Army, organized along Soviet lines, in just one hundred hours.

Question: In 1989, what did the Pentagon plan to reduce the army end strength to?
Answer: 580,000

Question: Which country did Iraq invade in 1990?
Answer: Kuwait

Question: What operation began in January 1991?
Answer: Desert Storm

Question: How many troops were involved in Operation Desert Storm?
Answer: 500,000

Question: How long did Operation Desert Storm last?
Answer: one hundred hours
United_States_Army

The task of organizing the U.S. Army commenced in 1775. In the first one hundred years of its existence, the United States Army was maintained as a small peacetime force to man permanent forts and perform other non-wartime duties such as engineering and construction works. During times of war, the U.S. Army was augmented by the much larger United States Volunteers which were raised independently by various state governments. States also maintained full-time militias which could also be called into the service of the army.

Question: What year was the U.S. army organized?
Answer: 1775

Question: What group combined with the U.S. Army?
Answer: United States Volunteers

Question: Who raised the United States Volunteers?
Answer: various state governments
United_States_Army

The United States Army is made up of three components: the active component, the Regular Army; and two reserve components, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve. Both reserve components are primarily composed of part-time soldiers who train once a month, known as battle assemblies or unit training assemblies (UTAs), and conduct two to three weeks of annual training each year. Both the Regular Army and the Army Reserve are organized under Title 10 of the United States Code, while the National Guard is organized under Title 32. While the Army National Guard is organized, trained and equipped as a component of the U.S. Army, when it is not in federal service it is under the command of individual state and territorial governors; the District of Columbia National Guard, however, reports to the U.S. President, not the district's mayor, even when not federalized. Any or all of the National Guard can be federalized by presidential order and against the governor's wishes.

Question: What is the active component of the U.S. Army?
Answer: Regular Army

Question: What are the two reserve components of the U.S. Army?
Answer: Army National Guard and the Army Reserve

Question: What are UTAs?
Answer: unit training assemblies

Question: The U.S. Army is organized under what title of the United States Code?
Answer: 10

Question: Who does the D.C. National Guard report to?
Answer: the U.S. President
United_States_Army

Following their basic and advanced training at the individual-level, soldiers may choose to continue their training and apply for an "additional skill identifier" (ASI). The ASI allows the army to take a wide ranging MOS and focus it into a more specific MOS. For example, a combat medic, whose duties are to provide pre-hospital emergency treatment, may receive ASI training to become a cardiovascular specialist, a dialysis specialist, or even a licensed practical nurse. For commissioned officers, ASI training includes pre-commissioning training either at USMA, or via ROTC, or by completing OCS. After commissioning, officers undergo branch specific training at the Basic Officer Leaders Course, (formerly called Officer Basic Course), which varies in time and location according their future assignments. Further career development is available through the Army Correspondence Course Program.

Question: What does ASI stand for?
Answer: additional skill identifier

Question: What is are combat medics duties?
Answer: provide pre-hospital emergency treatment

Question: Where do the officers go to complete their branch specific training?
Answer: Basic Officer Leaders Course

Question: If the officers want to advance their careers even further, where is that available?
Answer: Army Correspondence Course Program
United_States_Army

The army has relied heavily on tents to provide the various facilities needed while on deployment. The most common tent uses for the military are as temporary barracks (sleeping quarters), DFAC buildings (dining facilities), forward operating bases (FOBs), after action review (AAR), tactical operations center (TOC), morale, welfare, and recreation (MWR) facilities, and security checkpoints. Furthermore, most of these tents are set up and operated through the support of Natick Soldier Systems Center.

Question: What does the army use for facilities while they are deployed?
Answer: tents

Question: What is the abbreviation for a tactical operations center?
Answer: TOC

Question: What does FOB stand for?
Answer: forward operating bases

Question: Where are the dining facilities called?
Answer: DFAC buildings

Question: What are the barracks used for?
Answer: sleeping quarters
United_States_Army

The American Civil War was the costliest war for the U.S. in terms of casualties. After most slave states, located in the southern U.S., formed the Confederate States, C.S. troops led by former U.S. Army officers, mobilized a very large fraction of Southern white manpower. Forces of the United States (the "Union" or "the North") formed the Union Army consisting of a small body of regular army units and a large body of volunteer units raised from every state, north and south, except South Carolina.[citation needed]

Question: Which war had the most U.S. casualties associated with it?
Answer: The American Civil War

Question: What were the U.S. forces referred to as?
Answer: the "Union" or "the North"

Question: What state did not contribute any troops to the Union Army?
Answer: South Carolina
United_States_Army

Starting in 1910, the army began acquiring fixed-wing aircraft. In 1910, Mexico was having a civil war, peasant rebels fighting government soldiers. The army was deployed to American towns near the border to ensure safety to lives and property. In 1916, Pancho Villa, a major rebel leader, attacked Columbus, New Mexico, prompting a U.S. intervention in Mexico until 7 February 1917. They fought the rebels and the Mexican federal troops until 1918. The United States joined World War I in 1917 on the side of Britain, France, Russia, Italy and other allies. U.S. troops were sent to the Western Front and were involved in the last offensives that ended the war. With the armistice in November 1918, the army once again decreased its forces.

Question: In what year did the army start using fixed-wing aircraft?
Answer: 1910

Question: Who attacked New Mexico in 1916?
Answer: Pancho Villa

Question: What year did the U.S. join World War I?
Answer: 1917

Question: What date did the U.S. intervention in New Mexico end?
Answer: 7 February 1917
United_States_Army

During the 1960s the Department of Defense continued to scrutinize the reserve forces and to question the number of divisions and brigades as well as the redundancy of maintaining two reserve components, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve. In 1967 Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara decided that 15 combat divisions in the Army National Guard were unnecessary and cut the number to 8 divisions (1 mechanized infantry, 2 armored, and 5 infantry), but increased the number of brigades from 7 to 18 (1 airborne, 1 armored, 2 mechanized infantry, and 14 infantry). The loss of the divisions did not set well with the states. Their objections included the inadequate maneuver element mix for those that remained and the end to the practice of rotating divisional commands among the states that supported them. Under the proposal, the remaining division commanders were to reside in the state of the division base. No reduction, however, in total Army National Guard strength was to take place, which convinced the governors to accept the plan. The states reorganized their forces accordingly between 1 December 1967 and 1 May 1968.

Question: Who was the Secretary of Defense in 1967?
Answer: Robert McNamara

Question: How many divisions did the Secretary of Defense cut the original 15 down to?
Answer: 8

Question: How many brigades did the Secretary of Defense increase the number to?
Answer: 18
United_States_Army

On September 11, 2001, 53 Army civilians (47 employees and six contractors) and 22 soldiers were among the 125 victims killed in the Pentagon in a terrorist attack when American Airlines Flight 77 commandeered by five Al-Qaeda hijackers slammed into the western side of the building, as part of the September 11 attacks. Lieutenant General Timothy Maude was the highest-ranking military official killed at the Pentagon, and the most senior U.S. Army officer killed by foreign action since the death of Lieutenant General Simon B. Buckner, Jr. on June 18, 1945, in the Battle of Okinawa during World War II.

Question: How many victims were killed in the attack on the Pentagon?
Answer: 125

Question: What aircraft was hijacked?
Answer: American Airlines Flight 77

Question: Did they crash into the eastern or wester part of the Pentagon.
Answer: west

Question: Who was the highest ranking official killed in the attack?
Answer: Lieutenant General Timothy Maude
United_States_Army

The army is also changing its base unit from divisions to brigades. Division lineage will be retained, but the divisional headquarters will be able to command any brigade, not just brigades that carry their divisional lineage. The central part of this plan is that each brigade will be modular, i.e., all brigades of the same type will be exactly the same, and thus any brigade can be commanded by any division. As specified before the 2013 end-strength re-definitions, the three major types of ground combat brigades are:

Question: What is the army replacing divisions with?
Answer: brigades

Question: How will the brigades be structured?
Answer: modular

Question: Who can command any brigade?
Answer: divisional headquarters
United_States_Army

The army employs various individual weapons to provide light firepower at short ranges. The most common weapons used by the army are the compact variant of the M16 rifle, the M4 carbine, as well as the 7.62×51mm variant of the FN SCAR for Army Rangers. The primary sidearm in the U.S. Army is the 9 mm M9 pistol; the M11 pistol is also used. Both handguns are to be replaced through the Modular Handgun System program. Soldiers are also equiped with various hand grenades, such as the M67 fragmentation grenade and M18 smoke grenade.

Question: What is the primary sidearm used by the U.S. Army?
Answer: 9 mm M9 pistol

Question: What type of frag grenade is used by the U.S. Army?
Answer: M67

Question: The M18 is a type of what kind of grenade?
Answer: smoke

Question: Through what system are handguns being replacedby the U.S. Army?
Answer: Modular Handgun System
United_States_Army

The army's most common vehicle is the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), commonly called the Humvee, which is capable of serving as a cargo/troop carrier, weapons platform, and ambulance, among many other roles. While they operate a wide variety of combat support vehicles, one of the most common types centers on the family of HEMTT vehicles. The M1A2 Abrams is the army's main battle tank, while the M2A3 Bradley is the standard infantry fighting vehicle. Other vehicles include the Stryker, and the M113 armored personnel carrier, and multiple types of Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicles.

Question: What does HMMWV stand for?
Answer: High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle

Question: What is the HMMWV also known as?
Answer: Humvee

Question: The M1A2 Abrams is an example of what?
Answer: battle tank

Question: What does MRAP stand for?
Answer: Mine Resistant Ambush Protected
Franco-Prussian_War

General Frossard's II Corps and Marshal Bazaine's III Corps crossed the German border on 2 August, and began to force the Prussian 40th Regiment of the 16th Infantry Division from the town of Saarbrücken with a series of direct attacks. The Chassepot rifle proved its worth against the Dreyse rifle, with French riflemen regularly outdistancing their Prussian counterparts in the skirmishing around Saarbrücken. However the Prussians resisted strongly, and the French suffered 86 casualties to the Prussian 83 casualties. Saarbrücken also proved to be a major obstacle in terms of logistics. Only one railway there led to the German hinterland but could be easily defended by a single force, and the only river systems in the region ran along the border instead of inland. While the French hailed the invasion as the first step towards the Rhineland and later Berlin, General Le Bœuf and Napoleon III were receiving alarming reports from foreign news sources of Prussian and Bavarian armies massing to the southeast in addition to the forces to the north and northeast.

Question: On which date did Frossard's and Bazaines's troops cross the German border?
Answer: 2 August

Question: What proved its worth against the Dreyse rifle?
Answer: The Chassepot rifle

Question: Which regiment did their respective corps force from the town of Saarbrucken?
Answer: the Prussian 40th Regiment of the 16th Infantry Division

Question: How many casualties did the French suffer at Saarbrucken?
Answer: 86 casualties

Question: How many casualties did the Prussians suffer at Saarbrucken?
Answer: 83 casualties