nc33/MultiSpan_SQUAD huggingface dataset:
Universal_Studios

In 1945, the British entrepreneur J. Arthur Rank, hoping to expand his American presence, bought into a four-way merger with Universal, the independent company International Pictures, and producer Kenneth Young. The new combine, United World Pictures, was a failure and was dissolved within one year. Rank and International remained interested in Universal, however, culminating in the studio's reorganization as Universal-International. William Goetz, a founder of International, was made head of production at the renamed Universal-International Pictures Inc., which also served as an import-export subsidiary, and copyright holder for the production arm's films. Goetz, a son-in-law of Louis B. Mayer decided to bring "prestige" to the new company. He stopped the studio's low-budget production of B movies, serials and curtailed Universal's horror and "Arabian Nights" cycles. Distribution and copyright control remained under the name of Universal Pictures Company Inc.

Question: In what year was United World Pictures founded?
Answer: 1945

Question: What producer was involved in the founding of United World Pictures?
Answer: Kenneth Young

Question: How long did United World Pictures last?
Answer: one year

Question: Who was the head of production at Universal-International Pictures?
Answer: William Goetz

Question: Who was William Goetz's father-in-law?
Answer: Louis B. Mayer
Universal_Studios

Goetz set out an ambitious schedule. Universal-International became responsible for the American distribution of Rank's British productions, including such classics as David Lean's Great Expectations (1946) and Laurence Olivier's Hamlet (1948). Broadening its scope further, Universal-International branched out into the lucrative non-theatrical field, buying a majority stake in home-movie dealer Castle Films in 1947, and taking the company over entirely in 1951. For three decades, Castle would offer "highlights" reels from the Universal film library to home-movie enthusiasts and collectors. Goetz licensed Universal's pre–Universal-International film library to Jack Broeder's Realart Pictures for cinema re-release but Realart was not allowed to show the films on television.

Question: In what year was the Olivier version of Hamlet made?
Answer: 1948

Question: Who directed 1946's Great Expectations?
Answer: David Lean

Question: In 1947, what company did Universal buy a stake in?
Answer: Castle Films

Question: Who ran Realart Pictures?
Answer: Jack Broeder

Question: In what year did Universal-International take over Castle Films?
Answer: 1951
Universal_Studios

The production arm of the studio still struggled. While there were to be a few hits like The Killers (1946) and The Naked City (1948), Universal-International's new theatrical films often met with disappointing response at the box office. By the late 1940s, Goetz was out, and the studio returned to low-budget films. The inexpensive Francis (1950), the first film of a series about a talking mule and Ma and Pa Kettle (1949), part of a series, became mainstays of the company. Once again, the films of Abbott and Costello, including Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948), were among the studio's top-grossing productions. But at this point Rank lost interest and sold his shares to the investor Milton Rackmil, whose Decca Records would take full control of Universal in 1952. Besides Abbott and Costello, the studio retained the Walter Lantz cartoon studio, whose product was released with Universal-International's films.

Question: In what year was The Killers produced?
Answer: 1946

Question: What Universal-International film was about a talking mule?
Answer: Francis

Question: In what year was Ma and Pa Kettle made?
Answer: 1949

Question: What Abbott and Costello film was released in 1948?
Answer: Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein

Question: Who bought Rank's share of Universal-International?
Answer: Milton Rackmil
Universal_Studios

In the 1950s, Universal-International resumed their series of Arabian Nights films, many starring Tony Curtis. The studio also had a success with monster and science fiction films produced by William Alland, with many directed by Jack Arnold. Other successes were the melodramas directed by Douglas Sirk and produced by Ross Hunter, although for film critics they were not so well thought of on first release as they have since become. Among Universal-International's stable of stars were Rock Hudson, Tony Curtis, Jeff Chandler, Audie Murphy, and John Gavin.

Question: Who did many of Universal-International's Arabian Nights films feature?
Answer: Tony Curtis

Question: Who notably produced monster and science fiction films for Universal?
Answer: William Alland

Question: What Universal director was known for his melodramas?
Answer: Douglas Sirk

Question: Who directed monster movies for Universal?
Answer: Jack Arnold

Question: Who produced melodramas for Universal?
Answer: Ross Hunter
Universal_Studios

Though Decca would continue to keep picture budgets lean, it was favored by changing circumstances in the film business, as other studios let their contract actors go in the wake of the 1948 U.S. vs. Paramount Pictures, et al. decision. Leading actors were increasingly free to work where and when they chose, and in 1950 MCA agent Lew Wasserman made a deal with Universal for his client James Stewart that would change the rules of the business. Wasserman's deal gave Stewart a share in the profits of three pictures in lieu of a large salary. When one of those films, Winchester '73, proved to be a hit, the arrangement would become the rule for many future productions at Universal, and eventually at other studios as well.

Question: Who was a notable talent agent circa 1950?
Answer: Lew Wasserman

Question: What star did Lew Wasserman represent?
Answer: James Stewart

Question: What actor featured in Winchester '73?
Answer: James Stewart

Question: What legal decision resulted in movie studios letting their contract actors go?
Answer: U.S. vs. Paramount Pictures, et al.
Universal_Studios

By the late 1950s, the motion picture business was again changing. The combination of the studio/theater-chain break-up and the rise of television saw the reduced audience size for cinema productions. The Music Corporation of America (MCA), then predominately a talent agency, had also become a powerful television producer, renting space at Republic Studios for its Revue Productions subsidiary. After a period of complete shutdown, a moribund Universal agreed to sell its 360-acre (1.5 km²) studio lot to MCA in 1958, for $11 million, renamed Revue Studios. MCA owned the studio lot, but not Universal Pictures, yet was increasingly influential on Universal's product. The studio lot was upgraded and modernized, while MCA clients like Doris Day, Lana Turner, Cary Grant, and director Alfred Hitchcock were signed to Universal Pictures contracts.

Question: What acronym was the Music Corporation of America known by?
Answer: MCA

Question: Where did MCA's Revue Productions subsidiary rent space?
Answer: Republic Studios

Question: In square kilometers, how large was the lot Universal sold to MCA?
Answer: 1.5

Question: In what year did Universal sell its 360-acre lot to MCA?
Answer: 1958

Question: How much did MCA pay for Universal's 360-acre lot?
Answer: $11 million
Universal_Studios

The long-awaited takeover of Universal Pictures by MCA, Inc. happened in mid-1962 as part of the MCA-Decca Records merger. The company reverted in name to Universal Pictures. As a final gesture before leaving the talent agency business, virtually every MCA client was signed to a Universal contract. In 1964 MCA formed Universal City Studios, Inc., merging the motion pictures and television arms of Universal Pictures Company and Revue Productions (officially renamed as Universal Television in 1966). And so, with MCA in charge, Universal became a full-blown, A-film movie studio, with leading actors and directors under contract; offering slick, commercial films; and a studio tour subsidiary launched in 1964. Television production made up much of the studio's output, with Universal heavily committed, in particular, to deals with NBC (which later merged with Universal to form NBC Universal; see below) providing up to half of all prime time shows for several seasons. An innovation during this period championed by Universal was the made-for-television movie.

Question: In what year did MCA take over Universal?
Answer: 1962

Question: What company did MCA create in 1964?
Answer: Universal City Studios, Inc.

Question: What new name was given to Revue Productions in 1966?
Answer: Universal Television

Question: What was the company formed by the merger of Universal and NBC?
Answer: NBC Universal

Question: When did Universal inaugurate its studio tour subsidiary?
Answer: 1964
Universal_Studios

At this time, Hal B. Wallis, who had latterly worked as a major producer at Paramount, moved over to Universal, where he produced several films, among them a lavish version of Maxwell Anderson's Anne of the Thousand Days (1969), and the equally lavish Mary, Queen of Scots (1971). Though neither could claim to be a big financial hit, both films received Academy Award nominations, and Anne was nominated for Best Picture, Best Actor (Richard Burton), Best Actress (Geneviève Bujold), and Best Supporting Actor (Anthony Quayle). Wallis retired from Universal after making the film Rooster Cogburn (1975), a sequel to True Grit (1969), which Wallis had produced at Paramount. Rooster Cogburn co-starred John Wayne, reprising his Oscar-winning role from the earlier film, and Katharine Hepburn, their only film together. The film was only a moderate success.

Question: Who produced Anne of the Thousand Days?
Answer: Hal B. Wallis

Question: Who wrote the original work that the film version of Anne of the Thousand Days was based on?
Answer: Maxwell Anderson

Question: In what year was the film version of Mary, Queen of Scots made?
Answer: 1971

Question: Whose performance in Anne of the Thousand Days garnered a Best Actor nod?
Answer: Richard Burton

Question: What was the name of the sequel to True Grit produced by Universal?
Answer: Rooster Cogburn
Universal_Studios

In the early 1970s, Universal teamed up with Paramount Pictures to form Cinema International Corporation, which distributed films by Paramount and Universal worldwide. Though Universal did produce occasional hits, among them Airport (1970), The Sting (1973), American Graffiti (also 1973), Earthquake (1974), and a big box-office success which restored the company's fortunes: Jaws (1975), Universal during the decade was primarily a television studio. When Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer purchased United Artists in 1981, MGM could not drop out of the CIC venture to merge with United Artists overseas operations. However, with future film productions from both names being released through the MGM/UA Entertainment plate, CIC decided to merge UA's international units with MGM and reformed as United International Pictures. There would be other film hits like E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), Back to the Future (1985), Field of Dreams (1989), and Jurassic Park (1993), but the film business was financially unpredictable. UIP began distributing films by start-up studio DreamWorks in 1997, due to connections the founders have with Paramount, Universal, and Amblin Entertainment. In 2001, MGM dropped out of the UIP venture, and went with 20th Century Fox's international arm to handle distribution of their titles to this day.

Question: Who partnered with Universal in the creation of Cinema International Corporation?
Answer: Paramount Pictures

Question: In what year was the film Airport made?
Answer: 1970s

Question: What Universal hit film was produced in 1974?
Answer: Earthquake

Question: What company was purchased by MGM in 1981?
Answer: United Artists

Question: When did United International Pictures start distributing films for DreamWorks?
Answer: 1997
Universal_Studios

Anxious to expand the company's broadcast and cable presence, longtime MCA head Lew Wasserman sought a rich partner. He located Japanese electronics manufacturer Matsushita Electric (now known as Panasonic), which agreed to acquire MCA for $6.6 billion in 1990. Meanwhile, around this time, the production subsidiary was renamed Universal Studios Inc., and (in 1990) MCA created MCA/Universal Home Video Inc. for the VHS video cassette (later DVD) sales industry.

Question: Who was the head of MCA in 1990?
Answer: Lew Wasserman

Question: What is the current name of the company that was called Matsushita Electric in 1990?
Answer: Panasonic

Question: How much did Matsushita Electric pay for MCA?
Answer: $6.6 billion

Question: In what year was MCA/Universal Home Video Inc. created?
Answer: 1990

Question: What was the nationality of Matsushita Electric?
Answer: Japanese
Universal_Studios

Matsushita provided a cash infusion, but the clash of cultures was too great to overcome, and five years later Matsushita sold an 80% stake in MCA/Universal to Canadian drinks distributor Seagram for $5.7 billion. Seagram sold off its stake in DuPont to fund this expansion into the entertainment industry. Hoping to build an entertainment empire around Universal, Seagram bought PolyGram in 1999 and other entertainment properties, but the fluctuating profits characteristic of Hollywood were no substitute for the reliable income stream gained from the previously held shares in DuPont.

Question: What percentage of MCA/Universal did Matsushita Electric sell five years after acquiring the company?
Answer: 80%

Question: To whom did Matsushita sell a large share of MCA/Universal?
Answer: Seagram

Question: How much did Seagram pay to buy a large share of MCA/Universal?
Answer: $5.7 billion

Question: What did Seagram sell to finance their purchase of a share in MCA/Universal?
Answer: its stake in DuPont

Question: What company did Seagram buy in 1999?
Answer: PolyGram
Universal_Studios

To raise money, Seagram head Edgar Bronfman Jr. sold Universal's television holdings, including cable network USA, to Barry Diller (these same properties would be bought back later at greatly inflated prices). In June 2000, Seagram was sold to French water utility and media company Vivendi, which owned StudioCanal; the conglomerate then became known as Vivendi Universal. Afterward, Universal Pictures acquired the United States distribution rights of several of StudioCanal's films, such as Mulholland Drive (which received an Oscar nomination) and Brotherhood of the Wolf (which became the second-highest-grossing French-language film in the United States since 1980). Universal Pictures and StudioCanal also co-produced several films, such as Love Actually (an $40 million-budgeted film that eventually grossed $246 million worldwide). In late 2000, the New York Film Academy was permitted to use the Universal Studios backlot for student film projects in an unofficial partnership.

Question: Who was the head of Seagram?
Answer: Edgar Bronfman Jr.

Question: Who bought the USA cable network from Seagram?
Answer: Barry Diller

Question: Who bought Seagram in June 2000?
Answer: Vivendi

Question: What was the budget of the film Love Actually?
Answer: $40 million

Question: What StudioCanal film received an Academy Award nomination?
Answer: Mulholland Drive
Universal_Studios

Burdened with debt, in 2004 Vivendi Universal sold 80% of Vivendi Universal Entertainment (including the studio and theme parks) to General Electric, parent of NBC. The resulting media super-conglomerate was renamed NBCUniversal, while Universal Studios Inc. remained the name of the production subsidiary. After that deal, GE owned 80% of NBC Universal; Vivendi held the remaining 20%, with an option to sell its share in 2006. GE purchased Vivendi's share in NBCU in 2011 and in turn sold 51% of the company to cable provider Comcast. Comcast merged the former GE subsidiary with its own cable-television programming assets, creating the current NBCUniversal. Following Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approval, the Comcast-GE deal was closed on Jan 29, 2011. In March 2013, Comcast bought the remaining 49% of NBCUniversal for $16.7 billion.

Question: Who bought 80% of Vivendi Universal Entertainment in 2004?
Answer: General Electric

Question: What percentage of NBC Universal was owned by Vivendi until 2011?
Answer: 20%

Question: Who bought 51% of NBC Universal in 2011?
Answer: Comcast

Question: In what month and year did Comcast buy 49% of NBCUniversal?
Answer: March 2013

Question: How much did Comcast pay for 49% of NBCUniversal in 2013?
Answer: $16.7 billion
Universal_Studios

In late 2005, Viacom's Paramount Pictures acquired DreamWorks SKG after acquisition talks between GE and DreamWorks stalled. Universal's long time chairperson, Stacey Snider, left the company in early 2006 to head up DreamWorks. Snider was replaced by then-Vice Chairman Marc Shmuger and Focus Features head David Linde. On October 5, 2009, Marc Shmuger and David Linde were ousted and their co-chairperson jobs consolidated under former president of worldwide marketing and distribution Adam Fogelson becoming the single chairperson. Donna Langley was also upped to co-chairperson. In 2009, Stephanie Sperber founded Universal Partnerships & Licensing within Universal to license consumer products for Universal. In September 2013, Adam Fogelson was ousted as co-chairman of Universal Pictures, promoting Donna Langley to sole-chairman. In addition, NBCUniversal International Chairman, Jeff Shell, would be appointed as Chairman of the newly created Filmed Entertainment Group. Longtime studio head Ron Meyer would give up oversight of the film studio and appointed Vice Chairman of NBCUniversal, providing consultation to CEO Steve Burke on all of the company's operations. Meyers still retains oversight of Universal Parks and Resorts.

Question: In what year did Paramount Pictures purchase DreamWorks?
Answer: 2005

Question: What Universal chairperson headed DreamWorks as of 2006?
Answer: Stacey Snider

Question: Who became the chairperson in late 2009?
Answer: Adam Fogelson

Question: Who was the founder of Universal Partnerships & Licensing?
Answer: Stephanie Sperber

Question: Who became chairperson of Universal Pictures in September 2013?
Answer: Donna Langley
Universal_Studios

Universal's multi-year film financing deal with Elliott Management expired in 2013. In July 2013, Universal made an agreement with Legendary Pictures to market, co-finance, and distribute Legendary's films for five years starting in 2014, the year that Legendary's similar agreement with Warner Bros. expires.

Question: Universal's deal with what company ended in 2013?
Answer: Elliott Management

Question: With whom did Universal sign a marketing and distribution deal in July 2013?
Answer: Legendary Pictures

Question: How many years is the deal with Legendary Pictures intended to run?
Answer: five years

Question: In what year did Universal's deal with Legendary Pictures begin?
Answer: 2014
Universal_Studios

In June 2014, Universal Partnerships took over licensing consumer products for NBC and Sprout with expectation that all licensing would eventually be centralized within NBCUniversal. In May 2015, Gramercy Pictures was revived by Focus Features as a genre label, that concentrated on action, sci-fi, and horror films.

Question: What film studio was brought back in May 2015?
Answer: Gramercy Pictures

Question: What division of NBCUniversal revived Gramercy Pictures?
Answer: Focus Features

Question: What genre of films will Gramercy be responsible for creating?
Answer: action, sci-fi, and horror
Universal_Studios

As of 2015, Universal is the only studio to have released three billion-dollar films in one year; this distinction was achieved in 2015 with Furious 7, Jurassic World and Minions.

Question: In what year did Universal release three billion-dollar films?
Answer: 2015

Question: Along with Jurassic World and Furious 7, what billion-dollar film was released by Universal in 2015?
Answer: Minions

Question: How many studios have released three billion-dollar films in one year?
Answer: Universal is the only studio
Universal_Studios

In the early 1950s, Universal set up its own distribution company in France, and in the late 1960s, the company also started a production company in Paris, Universal Productions France S.A., although sometimes credited by the name of the distribution company, Universal Pictures France. Except for the two first films it produced, Claude Chabrol's Le scandale (English title The Champagne Murders) and Romain Gary's Les oiseaux vont mourir au Pérou (English title Birds in Peru), it was only involved in French or other European co-productions, the most noticeable ones being Louis Malle's Lacombe, Lucien, Bertrand Blier's Les Valseuses (English title Going Places), and Fred Zinnemann's The Day of the Jackal. It was only involved in approximately 20 French film productions. In the early 1970s, the unit was incorporated into the French Cinema International Corporation arm.

Question: What was the name of the Universal production company based in Paris?
Answer: Universal Productions France S.A.

Question: What was the name of Universal's French distribution company?
Answer: Universal Pictures France

Question: What was the English title of Le scandale?
Answer: The Champagne Murders

Question: Who directed The Day of the Jackal?
Answer: Fred Zinnemann

Question: What film was known in English as Going Places?
Answer: Les Valseuses
Internet_service_provider

An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned.

Question: What does ISP stand for?
Answer: Internet service provider

Question: what does an isp do?
Answer: provides services for accessing, using, the Internet

Question: What forms can an isp be organized in?
Answer: commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned
Internet_service_provider

Internet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation.

Question: What type of organization provides internet access?
Answer: ISPs

Question: What are some services provided by an isp?
Answer: Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation
Internet_service_provider

The Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web.

Question: Why was the internet developed?
Answer: a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities

Question: when was the internet developed?
Answer: 1980s

Question: what happened to the internet in the late 1980s?
Answer: a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet

Question: When were remaining restrictions on the internet removed?
Answer: 1995

Question: how long after the introduction of the world wide web was 1995?
Answer: 4 years
Internet_service_provider

In 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989.

Question: Where were the first isps established?
Answer: Australia and the United States

Question: where was the first commercial isp in the us located? 
Answer: Brookline, Massachusetts

Question: when was the first commercial isp customer served?
Answer: November 1989

Question: when were the first commercial isps established?
Answer: 1989

Question: what was the name of the first commercial isp in the us?
Answer: The World