nc33/MultiSpan_SQUAD huggingface dataset:
Association_football

The primary law is that players other than goalkeepers may not deliberately handle the ball with their hands or arms during play, though they do use their hands during a throw-in restart. Although players usually use their feet to move the ball around, they may use any part of their body (notably, "heading" with the forehead) other than their hands or arms. Within normal play, all players are free to play the ball in any direction and move throughout the pitch, though the ball cannot be received in an offside position.

Question: When is it okay for regular players to use their hands?
Answer: throw-in restart

Question: A ball cannot be received in what type of position?
Answer: offside

Question: throughout when can players move the ball in any direction?
Answer: the pitch

Question: Who can only handle the ball with their hands or arms during play?
Answer: goalkeepers
Association_football

In game play, players attempt to create goal-scoring opportunities through individual control of the ball, such as by dribbling, passing the ball to a team-mate, and by taking shots at the goal, which is guarded by the opposing goalkeeper. Opposing players may try to regain control of the ball by intercepting a pass or through tackling the opponent in possession of the ball; however, physical contact between opponents is restricted. Football is generally a free-flowing game, with play stopping only when the ball has left the field of play or when play is stopped by the referee for an infringement of the rules. After a stoppage, play recommences with a specified restart.

Question: Who guards the goal?
Answer: goalkeeper

Question: Who is the only one who has the authority to stop the game when something is wron?
Answer: referee

Question: what is allowed but restricted?
Answer: physical contact

Question: Besides a referee interfering, when else is play stopped?
Answer: when the ball has left the field of play
Association_football

There are 17 laws in the official Laws of the Game, each containing a collection of stipulation and guidelines. The same laws are designed to apply to all levels of football, although certain modifications for groups such as juniors, seniors, women and people with physical disabilities are permitted. The laws are often framed in broad terms, which allow flexibility in their application depending on the nature of the game. The Laws of the Game are published by FIFA, but are maintained by the International Football Association Board (IFAB). In addition to the seventeen laws, numerous IFAB decisions and other directives contribute to the regulation of football.

Question: How many laws are there in the official Laws of the Game?
Answer: 17

Question: Who maintains the Laws of the Game?
Answer: International Football Association Board (IFAB)

Question: Broad terms in the laws allow for what?
Answer: flexibility

Question: Who publishes the Laws of the Game?
Answer: FIFA
Association_football

Each team consists of a maximum of eleven players (excluding substitutes), one of whom must be the goalkeeper. Competition rules may state a minimum number of players required to constitute a team, which is usually seven. Goalkeepers are the only players allowed to play the ball with their hands or arms, provided they do so within the penalty area in front of their own goal. Though there are a variety of positions in which the outfield (non-goalkeeper) players are strategically placed by a coach, these positions are not defined or required by the Laws.

Question: Out of the maximum amount of players allowed, one must be a what?
Answer: goalkeeper

Question: The maximum amount of players exclude what?
Answer: substitutes

Question: If there's a minimum amount of players it's usually what?
Answer: seven

Question: Players are usually strategically placed by who?
Answer: coach

Question: What is the maximum amount of players allowed?
Answer: eleven
Association_football

The basic equipment or kit players are required to wear includes a shirt, shorts, socks, footwear and adequate shin guards. An athletic supporter and protective cup is highly recommended for male players by medical experts and professionals. Headgear is not a required piece of basic equipment, but players today may choose to wear it to protect themselves from head injury. Players are forbidden to wear or use anything that is dangerous to themselves or another player, such as jewellery or watches. The goalkeeper must wear clothing that is easily distinguishable from that worn by the other players and the match officials.

Question: The equipment a player wears is also called a what?
Answer: kit

Question: What is highly recommended by medical experts for male players?
Answer: An athletic supporter and protective cup

Question: Who wears clothing that easily sets them apart from everyone else on the field?
Answer: goalkeeper

Question: wearing anything that could be dangerous is what?
Answer: forbidden

Question: What is not required but can be chosen to protect a player from head injuries? 
Answer: Headgear
Association_football

As the Laws were formulated in England, and were initially administered solely by the four British football associations within IFAB, the standard dimensions of a football pitch were originally expressed in imperial units. The Laws now express dimensions with approximate metric equivalents (followed by traditional units in brackets), though use of imperial units remains popular in English-speaking countries with a relatively recent history of metrication (or only partial metrication), such as Britain.

Question: Imperial units where once used to express the dimensions of a what?
Answer: football pitch

Question: What unit of measurement is now expressed by the Laws?
Answer: metric

Question: The use of imperial units is still popular in what kind of countries?
Answer: English-speaking

Question: Laws were formulated in what country?
Answer: England
Association_football

The length of the pitch for international adult matches is in the range of 100–110 m (110–120 yd) and the width is in the range of 64–75 m (70–80 yd). Fields for non-international matches may be 90–120 m (100–130 yd) length and 45–90 m (50–100 yd) in width, provided that the pitch does not become square. In 2008, the IFAB initially approved a fixed size of 105 m (344 ft) long and 68 m (223 ft) wide as a standard pitch dimension for international matches; however, this decision was later put on hold and was never actually implemented.

Question: What is the range for the length for international matches in meters?
Answer: 100–110 m

Question: In what year did the IFAB initially approve a fixed size as a standard pitch dimension for international matches?
Answer: 2008

Question: When was the IFAB's decision on the fixed size of the pitch become implemented? 
Answer: never

Question: What is the range for the length of fields for non international matches in meters?
Answer: 90–120 m

Question: What is the range for the width for international matches in meters?
Answer: 64–75 m
Association_football

In front of the goal is the penalty area. This area is marked by the goal line, two lines starting on the goal line 16.5 m (18 yd) from the goalposts and extending 16.5 m (18 yd) into the pitch perpendicular to the goal line, and a line joining them. This area has a number of functions, the most prominent being to mark where the goalkeeper may handle the ball and where a penalty foul by a member of the defending team becomes punishable by a penalty kick. Other markings define the position of the ball or players at kick-offs, goal kicks, penalty kicks and corner kicks.

Question: What is the penalty area marked by?
Answer: goal line

Question: a penalty foul by the defending team can be punishable by a what?
Answer: penalty kick

Question: how many meters from the goalpost does a penalty area extend? 
Answer: 16.5 m

Question: Only who can handle the ball with his hands?
Answer: goalkeeper
Association_football

A standard adult football match consists of two periods of 45 minutes each, known as halves. Each half runs continuously, meaning that the clock is not stopped when the ball is out of play. There is usually a 15-minute half-time break between halves. The end of the match is known as full-time. The referee is the official timekeeper for the match, and may make an allowance for time lost through substitutions, injured players requiring attention, or other stoppages. This added time is called additional time in FIFA documents, but is most commonly referred to as stoppage time or injury time, while loss time can also be used as a synonym. The duration of stoppage time is at the sole discretion of the referee. The referee alone signals the end of the match. In matches where a fourth official is appointed, toward the end of the half the referee signals how many minutes of stoppage time he intends to add. The fourth official then informs the players and spectators by holding up a board showing this number. The signalled stoppage time may be further extended by the referee. Added time was introduced because of an incident which happened in 1891 during a match between Stoke and Aston Villa. Trailing 1–0 and with just two minutes remaining, Stoke were awarded a penalty. Villa's goalkeeper kicked the ball out of the ground, and by the time the ball had been recovered, the 90 minutes had elapsed and the game was over. The same law also states that the duration of either half is extended until the penalty kick to be taken or retaken is completed, thus no game shall end with a penalty to be taken.

Question: How many periods are in a standard football match?
Answer: two

Question: How long are each period in a standard football match?
Answer: 45

Question: What are the periods in a football match called?
Answer: halves

Question: Who gets to decide how long stoppage time can go on for?
Answer: referee

Question: In what year did an incident help introduce added time?
Answer: 1891
Association_football

In league competitions, games may end in a draw. In knockout competitions where a winner is required various methods may be employed to break such a deadlock, some competitions may invoke replays. A game tied at the end of regulation time may go into extra time, which consists of two further 15-minute periods. If the score is still tied after extra time, some competitions allow the use of penalty shootouts (known officially in the Laws of the Game as "kicks from the penalty mark") to determine which team will progress to the next stage of the tournament. Goals scored during extra time periods count toward the final score of the game, but kicks from the penalty mark are only used to decide the team that progresses to the next part of the tournament (with goals scored in a penalty shootout not making up part of the final score).

Question: Matches where a winner must be decided is called what type of competitions?
Answer: knockout

Question: Extra time has two periods which each are how long in minutes?
Answer: 15

Question: What are penalty shootouts officially known as in the Laws of the Game?
Answer: kicks from the penalty mark

Question: Which goals count to the final score of the game? 
Answer: Goals scored during extra time
Association_football

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the IFAB experimented with ways of creating a winner without requiring a penalty shootout, which was often seen as an undesirable way to end a match. These involved rules ending a game in extra time early, either when the first goal in extra time was scored (golden goal), or if one team held a lead at the end of the first period of extra time (silver goal). Golden goal was used at the World Cup in 1998 and 2002. The first World Cup game decided by a golden goal was France's victory over Paraguay in 1998. Germany was the first nation to score a golden goal in a major competition, beating Czech Republic in the final of Euro 1996. Silver goal was used in Euro 2004. Both these experiments have been discontinued by IFAB.

Question: What is the golden goal?
Answer: the first goal in extra time

Question: Who was the first team to win using the golden goal to their advantage?
Answer: France

Question: Who experimented with creating winners without requiring penalty shootouts?
Answer: the IFAB

Question: What team did France beat in 1998?
Answer: Paraguay

Question: What year did the Czech Republic lose in the final of Euro?
Answer: 1996
Association_football

The referee may punish a player's or substitute's misconduct by a caution (yellow card) or dismissal (red card). A second yellow card at the same game leads to a red card, and therefore to a dismissal. A player given a yellow card is said to have been "booked", the referee writing the player's name in his official notebook. If a player has been dismissed, no substitute can be brought on in their place. Misconduct may occur at any time, and while the offences that constitute misconduct are listed, the definitions are broad. In particular, the offence of "unsporting behaviour" may be used to deal with most events that violate the spirit of the game, even if they are not listed as specific offences. A referee can show a yellow or red card to a player, substitute or substituted player. Non-players such as managers and support staff cannot be shown the yellow or red card, but may be expelled from the technical area if they fail to conduct themselves in a responsible manner.

Question: Which card does a referee use to signal a caution to a player?
Answer: yellow card

Question: How many yellow cards lead to a red card?
Answer: A second

Question: A referee gives out a yellow card and writes down the players name in his notebook which is called being what?
Answer: booked

Question: Managers and support staff is considered what and thus cannot be shown a card?
Answer: Non-players

Question: What does a red card mean?
Answer: dismissal
Association_football

Along with the general administration of the sport, football associations and competition organisers also enforce good conduct in wider aspects of the game, dealing with issues such as comments to the press, clubs' financial management, doping, age fraud and match fixing. Most competitions enforce mandatory suspensions for players who are sent off in a game. Some on-field incidents, if considered very serious (such as allegations of racial abuse), may result in competitions deciding to impose heavier sanctions than those normally associated with a red card. Some associations allow for appeals against player suspensions incurred on-field if clubs feel a referee was incorrect or unduly harsh.

Question: Players who are sent off in a game are often faced with what?
Answer: mandatory suspensions

Question: Sometimes clubs can do what if they feel that a punishment was too harsh?
Answer: appeals

Question: Football associations enforce what kind of conduct?
Answer: good
Association_football

There has been a football tournament at every Summer Olympic Games since 1900, except at the 1932 games in Los Angeles. Before the inception of the World Cup, the Olympics (especially during the 1920s) had the same status as the World Cup. Originally, the event was for amateurs only; however, since the 1984 Summer Olympics, professional players have been permitted, albeit with certain restrictions which prevent countries from fielding their strongest sides. The Olympic men's tournament is played at Under-23 level. In the past the Olympics have allowed a restricted number of over-age players per team. A women's tournament was added in 1996; in contrast to the men's event, full international sides without age restrictions play the women's Olympic tournament.

Question: Which year was there not a Summer Olympic Game?
Answer: 1932

Question: In what year was a women's tournament added to the Summer Olympics?
Answer: 1996

Question: What year were professional players allowed to play in the  Summer Olympics? 
Answer: 1984

Question: What is the age limit on the Olympic men's tournament? 
Answer: Under-23

Question: What was the first year that there was a football tournament at the Summer Olympics? 
Answer: 1900
Association_football

After the World Cup, the most important international football competitions are the continental championships, which are organised by each continental confederation and contested between national teams. These are the European Championship (UEFA), the Copa América (CONMEBOL), African Cup of Nations (CAF), the Asian Cup (AFC), the CONCACAF Gold Cup (CONCACAF) and the OFC Nations Cup (OFC). The FIFA Confederations Cup is contested by the winners of all six continental championships, the current FIFA World Cup champions and the country which is hosting the Confederations Cup. This is generally regarded as a warm-up tournament for the upcoming FIFA World Cup and does not carry the same prestige as the World Cup itself. The most prestigious competitions in club football are the respective continental championships, which are generally contested between national champions, for example the UEFA Champions League in Europe and the Copa Libertadores in South America. The winners of each continental competition contest the FIFA Club World Cup.

Question: What does UEFA Stand for?
Answer: European Championship

Question: The FIFA Confederations Cups is usually considered a warm-up for what?
Answer: FIFA World Cup

Question: What do winners of the continental competition get to do?
Answer: contest the FIFA Club World Cup

Question: What does CAF stand for?
Answer: African Cup of Nations
Association_football

The governing bodies in each country operate league systems in a domestic season, normally comprising several divisions, in which the teams gain points throughout the season depending on results. Teams are placed into tables, placing them in order according to points accrued. Most commonly, each team plays every other team in its league at home and away in each season, in a round-robin tournament. At the end of a season, the top team is declared the champion. The top few teams may be promoted to a higher division, and one or more of the teams finishing at the bottom are relegated to a lower division.

Question: What do teams gain for doing well throughout the season?
Answer: points

Question: What is the name for the type of tournament teams play in regular season?
Answer: round-robin

Question: What could happen to the top few teams at the end of the season?
Answer: promoted to a higher division

Question: Who operate league systems?
Answer: governing bodies

Question: What happens to the teams at the bottom of the ranks at the end of the season?
Answer: relegated to a lower division
Association_football

A number of players may be replaced by substitutes during the course of the game. The maximum number of substitutions permitted in most competitive international and domestic league games is three, though the permitted number may vary in other competitions or in friendly matches. Common reasons for a substitution include injury, tiredness, ineffectiveness, a tactical switch, or timewasting at the end of a finely poised game. In standard adult matches, a player who has been substituted may not take further part in a match. IFAB recommends "that a match should not continue if there are fewer than seven players in either team." Any decision regarding points awarded for abandoned games is left to the individual football associations.

Question: What is one who replaces a player during a game called?
Answer: substitutes

Question: What is the maximum number of substitutions during most professional games?
Answer: three

Question: Who decides on who's rewarded points for abandoned games?
Answer: individual football associations
Georgian_architecture

Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover—George I, George II, George III, and George IV—who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term "Georgian" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are "architectural in intention", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range.

Question: Who were the British monarchs of the House of Hanover from August 1714 to June 1830?
Answer: George I, George II, George III, and George IV

Question: What was the 19th century revival of Georgian architecture in the United States referred to as?
Answer: Colonial Revival

Question: Between what years was Georgian architecture in style?
Answer: between 1714 and 1830

Question: What was the name given to the 20th century Great British revival Georgian architecture.
Answer: Neo-Georgian

Question: What was the name of the house of the monarchs in power from 1714 and 1830?
Answer: House of Hanover
Georgian_architecture

The style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.

Question: What classical architecture is Georgian architecture based on?
Answer: Greece and Rome

Question: What type of architecture did Georgian replace?
Answer: English vernacular architecture

Question: Where is ornament typically not found in Georgian architecture?
Answer: the exterior
Georgian_architecture

In towns, which expanded greatly during the period, landowners turned into property developers, and rows of identical terraced houses became the norm. Even the wealthy were persuaded to live in these in town, especially if provided with a square of garden in front of the house. There was an enormous amount of building in the period, all over the English-speaking world, and the standards of construction were generally high. Where they have not been demolished, large numbers of Georgian buildings have survived two centuries or more, and they still form large parts of the core of cities such as London, Edinburgh, Dublin and Bristol.

Question: During the period of Georgian architecture what did landowners turn into?
Answer: property developers

Question: Where do many buildings constructed during the period of Georgian architecture still exist today?
Answer: London, Edinburgh, Dublin and Bristol

Question: What benefit convinced many wealthy people to move into town during this time?
Answer: a square of garden

Question: What part of the world was mostly dominated by Georgian architecture?
Answer: all over the English-speaking world

Question: What quality were the buildings constructed during that time?
Answer: generally high