nc33/MultiSpan_SQUAD huggingface dataset:
Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives

The Chief Deputy Whip is the primary assistant to the whip, who is the chief vote counter for his or her party. The current chief deputy majority whip is Republican Patrick McHenry. Within the House Republican Conference, the chief deputy whip is the highest appointed position and often a launching pad for future positions in the House Leadership. The House Democratic Conference has multiple chief deputy whips, led by a Senior Chief Deputy Whip, which is the highest appointed position within the House Democratic Caucus. The current senior chief deputy minority whip, John Lewis, has held his post since 1991.

Question: Who is the chief vote counter for party?
Answer: The Chief Deputy Whip

Question: Who holds the highest appointed Republican position in House?
Answer: Patrick McHenry.

Question: Who is the leader of chief deputy whips in democratic conference?
Answer: Senior Chief Deputy Whip

Question: How long has democratic leader of whips held position?
Answer: senior chief deputy minority whip, John Lewis, has held his post since 1991
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses is a millenarian restorationist Christian denomination with nontrinitarian beliefs distinct from mainstream Christianity. The group claims a worldwide membership of more than 8.2 million adherents involved in evangelism, convention attendance figures of more than 15 million, and an annual Memorial attendance of more than 19.9 million. Jehovah's Witnesses are directed by the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses, a group of elders in Brooklyn, New York, which establishes all doctrines based on its interpretations of the Bible. They prefer to use their own translation, the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, although their literature occasionally quotes and cites other translations. They believe that the destruction of the present world system at Armageddon is imminent, and that the establishment of God's kingdom over the earth is the only solution for all problems faced by humanity.

Question: What are the Jehovah Witnesses?
Answer: millenarian restorationist Christian denomination

Question: What are the beliefs of Jehovah Witnesses distinct from?
Answer: mainstream Christianity

Question: How many adherents worldwide does the group claim?
Answer: more than 8.2 million

Question: Who is in charges of directing the Jehovah Witnesses?
Answer: Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses

Question: Where are the group elders located?
Answer: Brooklyn, New York
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses are best known for their door-to-door preaching, distributing literature such as The Watchtower and Awake!, and refusing military service and blood transfusions. They consider use of the name Jehovah vital for proper worship. They reject Trinitarianism, inherent immortality of the soul, and hellfire, which they consider to be unscriptural doctrines. They do not observe Christmas, Easter, birthdays or other holidays and customs they consider to have pagan origins incompatible with Christianity. Adherents commonly refer to their body of beliefs as "the truth" and consider themselves to be "in the truth". They consider secular society to be morally corrupt and under the influence of Satan, and most limit their social interaction with non-Witnesses. Congregational disciplinary actions include disfellowshipping, their term for formal expulsion and shunning. Baptized individuals who formally leave are considered disassociated and are also shunned. Disfellowshipped and disassociated individuals may eventually be reinstated if deemed repentant.

Question: What are Jehovah witnesses best known for?
Answer: their door-to-door preaching

Question: What do Jehovah Witnesses refuse?
Answer: military service and blood transfusions

Question: What do Jehovah Witnesses consider the name Jehovah vital for?
Answer: proper worship

Question: Why do Jehovah Witnesses reject inherent immortality of the soul, hellfire and Trinitarianism?
Answer: they consider to be unscriptural doctrines

Question: Why don't Jehovah Witnesses celebrate the usual holidays and customs?
Answer: they consider to have pagan origins
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

In 1870, Charles Taze Russell and others formed a group in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to study the Bible. During the course of his ministry, Russell disputed many beliefs of mainstream Christianity including immortality of the soul, hellfire, predestination, the fleshly return of Jesus Christ, the Trinity, and the burning up of the world. In 1876, Russell met Nelson H. Barbour; later that year they jointly produced the book Three Worlds, which combined restitutionist views with end time prophecy. The book taught that God's dealings with humanity were divided dispensationally, each ending with a "harvest," that Christ had returned as an invisible spirit being in 1874 inaugurating the "harvest of the Gospel age," and that 1914 would mark the end of a 2520-year period called "the Gentile Times," at which time world society would be replaced by the full establishment of God's kingdom on earth. Beginning in 1878 Russell and Barbour jointly edited a religious journal, Herald of the Morning. In June 1879 the two split over doctrinal differences, and in July, Russell began publishing the magazine Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, stating that its purpose was to demonstrate that the world was in "the last days," and that a new age of earthly and human restitution under the reign of Christ was imminent.

Question: When did Charles Taze Russell form a group?
Answer: 1870

Question: Where did Russell and others form their group?
Answer: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Question: What was the purpose of Russell's group?
Answer: to study the Bible

Question: 1914 would mark the end of a 2520 year period known as what?
Answer: the Gentile Times

Question: When Russell met Nelson H. Barbour in 1876, they jointly produced what book?
Answer: Three Worlds
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

From 1879, Watch Tower supporters gathered as autonomous congregations to study the Bible topically. Thirty congregations were founded, and during 1879 and 1880, Russell visited each to provide the format he recommended for conducting meetings. As congregations continued to form during Russell's ministry, they each remained self-administrative, functioning under the congregationalist style of church governance. In 1881, Zion's Watch Tower Tract Society was presided over by William Henry Conley, and in 1884, Charles Taze Russell incorporated the society as a non-profit business to distribute tracts and Bibles. By about 1900, Russell had organized thousands of part- and full-time colporteurs, and was appointing foreign missionaries and establishing branch offices. By the 1910s, Russell's organization maintained nearly a hundred "pilgrims," or traveling preachers. Russell engaged in significant global publishing efforts during his ministry, and by 1912, he was the most distributed Christian author in the United States.

Question: When did Watch Tower supporters gather as autonomous congregations to study the Bible?
Answer: From 1879

Question: How many congregations were founded?
Answer: Thirty

Question: What did the congregations which continued to form during Russell's ministry remain?
Answer: self-administrative

Question: When did Russell visit each of the congregations to provide the format he recommended to conduct their meetings?
Answer: during 1879 and 1880

Question: Who presided over Zion's Watch Tower Tract Society in 1881?
Answer: William Henry Conley
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

Russell moved the Watch Tower Society's headquarters to Brooklyn, New York, in 1909, combining printing and corporate offices with a house of worship; volunteers were housed in a nearby residence he named Bethel. He identified the religious movement as "Bible Students," and more formally as the International Bible Students Association. By 1910, about 50,000 people worldwide were associated with the movement and congregations re-elected him annually as their "pastor." Russell died October 31, 1916, at the age of 64 while returning from a ministerial speaking tour.

Question: When did Russell move the Society's headquarters to Brooklyn?
Answer: 1909

Question: What did Russell combine at the headquarters?
Answer: printing and corporate offices with a house of worship

Question: What was the name of the residence where volunteers were housed?
Answer: Bethel

Question: When did Russell die?
Answer: October 31, 1916

Question: How many people worldwide were associated with Russell's movement by 1910?
Answer: about 50,000 people
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

In January 1917, the Watch Tower Society's legal representative, Joseph Franklin Rutherford, was elected as its next president. His election was disputed, and members of the Board of Directors accused him of acting in an autocratic and secretive manner. The divisions between his supporters and opponents triggered a major turnover of members over the next decade. In June 1917, he released The Finished Mystery as a seventh volume of Russell's Studies in the Scriptures series. The book, published as the posthumous work of Russell, was a compilation of his commentaries on the Bible books of Ezekiel and Revelation, plus numerous additions by Bible Students Clayton Woodworth and George Fisher. It strongly criticized Catholic and Protestant clergy and Christian involvement in the Great War. As a result, Watch Tower Society directors were jailed for sedition under the Espionage Act in 1918 and members were subjected to mob violence; charges against the directors were dropped in 1920.

Question: Who was elected as the Watch Tower Society's president in January of 1917?
Answer: Joseph Franklin Rutherford

Question: When did Rutherford release The Finished Mystery?
Answer: June 1917,

Question: What had Rutherford been before being elected the group's president?
Answer: legal representative

Question: Who did the Finished Mystery strongly criticize? 
Answer: Catholic and Protestant clergy

Question: What were Watch Tower Society directors jailed for?
Answer: sedition
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

Rutherford centralized organizational control of the Watch Tower Society. In 1919, he instituted the appointment of a director in each congregation, and a year later all members were instructed to report their weekly preaching activity to the Brooklyn headquarters. At an international convention held at Cedar Point, Ohio, in September 1922, a new emphasis was made on house-to-house preaching. Significant changes in doctrine and administration were regularly introduced during Rutherford's twenty-five years as president, including the 1920 announcement that the Jewish patriarchs (such as Abraham and Isaac) would be resurrected in 1925, marking the beginning of Christ's thousand-year Kingdom. Disappointed by the changes, tens of thousands of defections occurred during the first half of Rutherford's tenure, leading to the formation of several Bible Student organizations independent of the Watch Tower Society, most of which still exist. By mid-1919, as many as one in seven of Russell-era Bible Students had ceased their association with the Society, and as many as two-thirds by the end of the 1920s.

Question: Where as an international convention held in September of 1922?
Answer: Cedar Point, Ohio

Question: What did Rutherford institute the appointment of in each congregation in 1919?
Answer: a director

Question: What was a new emphasis made on at the international convention?
Answer: house-to-house preaching

Question: What were all members instructed to report weekly to the Brooklyn headquarters?
Answer: preaching activity

Question: How long was Rutherford's tenure as president of the Society?
Answer: twenty-five years
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

On July 26, 1931, at a convention in Columbus, Ohio, Rutherford introduced the new name—Jehovah's witnesses—based on Isaiah 43:10: "Ye are my witnesses, saith Jehovah, and my servant whom I have chosen"—which was adopted by resolution. The name was chosen to distinguish his group of Bible Students from other independent groups that had severed ties with the Society, as well as symbolize the instigation of new outlooks and the promotion of fresh evangelizing methods. In 1932, Rutherford eliminated the system of locally elected elders and in 1938, introduced what he called a "theocratic" (literally, God-ruled) organizational system, under which appointments in congregations worldwide were made from the Brooklyn headquarters.

Question: When did Rutherford introduce the new name for the Society?
Answer: July 26, 1931

Question: What biblical passage was the name Jehovah's witnesses based on?
Answer: Isaiah 43:10

Question: What system did Rutherford eliminate in 1932?
Answer: locally elected elders

Question: Where were appointments in congregations worldwide made from?
Answer: the Brooklyn headquarters
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

From 1932, it was taught that the "little flock" of 144,000 would not be the only people to survive Armageddon. Rutherford explained that in addition to the 144,000 "anointed" who would be resurrected—or transferred at death—to live in heaven to rule over earth with Christ, a separate class of members, the "great multitude," would live in a paradise restored on earth; from 1935, new converts to the movement were considered part of that class. By the mid-1930s, the timing of the beginning of Christ's presence (Greek: parousía), his enthronement as king, and the start of the "last days" were each moved to 1914.

Question: From when was it taught that the little flock would not be the only people to survive Armageddon?
Answer: 1932

Question: What was the number of the little flock set at?
Answer: 144,000

Question: Where would the great multitude live?
Answer: a paradise restored on earth

Question: All new converts to the movmeent since 1935 were considered part of what class?
Answer: great multitude

Question: When was the start of the last days moved to in the mid-1930s?
Answer: 1914
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

Nathan Knorr was appointed as third president of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society in 1942. Knorr commissioned a new translation of the Bible, the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, the full version of which was released in 1961. He organized large international assemblies, instituted new training programs for members, and expanded missionary activity and branch offices throughout the world. Knorr's presidency was also marked by an increasing use of explicit instructions guiding Witnesses in their lifestyle and conduct, and a greater use of congregational judicial procedures to enforce a strict moral code.

Question: Who was appointed as the third president of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society in 1942?
Answer: Nathan Knorr

Question: What did Knorr commission?
Answer: a new translation of the Bible

Question: When was the full version of the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures released?
Answer: in 1961

Question: What was Knorr's presidency marked by the increasing use of?
Answer: explicit instructions guiding Witnesses

Question: What was greater use of congregational judicial procedures used to enforce?
Answer: a strict moral code
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

From 1966, Witness publications and convention talks built anticipation of the possibility that Christ's thousand-year reign might begin in late 1975 or shortly thereafter. The number of baptisms increased significantly, from about 59,000 in 1966 to more than 297,000 in 1974. By 1975, the number of active members exceeded two million. Membership declined during the late 1970s after expectations for 1975 were proved wrong. Watch Tower Society literature did not state dogmatically that 1975 would definitely mark the end, but in 1980 the Watch Tower Society admitted its responsibility in building up hope regarding that year.

Question: From 1966, what did Witness publications and conventions think would happen in late 1975?
Answer: Christ's thousand-year reign

Question: How many baptisms were there in 1974?
Answer: more than 297,000

Question: How many active members were there in 1975?
Answer: two million

Question: Why did membership decline in the late 1970s?
Answer: after expectations for 1975 were proved wrong

Question: What did the Watch Tower Society admit in 1980?
Answer: its responsibility in building up hope
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

The offices of elder and ministerial servant were restored to Witness congregations in 1972, with appointments made from headquarters (and later, also by branch committees). It was announced that, starting in September 2014, appointments would be made by traveling overseers. In a major organizational overhaul in 1976, the power of the Watch Tower Society president was diminished, with authority for doctrinal and organizational decisions passed to the Governing Body. Since Knorr's death in 1977, the position of president has been occupied by Frederick Franz (1977–1992) and Milton Henschel (1992–2000), both members of the Governing Body, and since 2000 by Don A. Adams, not a member of the Governing Body. In 1995, Jehovah's Witnesses abandoned the idea that Armageddon must occur during the lives of the generation that was alive in 1914 and in 2013 changed their teaching on the "generation".

Question: In 1976 whose power in Watch Tower Society was diminished?
Answer: president

Question: When was the offices of restored to the Witness congregations?
Answer: 1972

Question: When did Knorr die? 
Answer: 1977

Question: Starting in September 2014, who was responsible for making appointments in the Church?
Answer: traveling overseers

Question: Who has been president of the Society since 2000?
Answer: Don A. Adams
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses are organized hierarchically, in what the leadership calls a "theocratic organization", reflecting their belief that it is God's "visible organization" on earth. The organization is led by the Governing Body—an all-male group that varies in size, but since early 2014 has comprised seven members,[note 1] all of whom profess to be of the "anointed" class with a hope of heavenly life—based in the Watch Tower Society's Brooklyn headquarters. There is no election for membership; new members are selected by the existing body. Until late 2012, the Governing Body described itself as the representative and "spokesman" for God's "faithful and discreet slave class" (approximately 10,000 self-professed "anointed" Jehovah's Witnesses). At the 2012 Annual Meeting of the Watch Tower Society, the "faithful and discreet slave" was defined as referring to the Governing Body only. The Governing Body directs several committees that are responsible for administrative functions, including publishing, assembly programs and evangelizing activities. It appoints all branch committee members and traveling overseers, after they have been recommended by local branches, with traveling overseers supervising circuits of congregations within their jurisdictions. Traveling overseers appoint local elders and ministerial servants, and while branch offices may appoint regional committees for matters such as Kingdom Hall construction or disaster relief.

Question: How are Jehovah Witnesses organized?
Answer: hierarchically

Question: What does the theocratic organization of Jehovah Witnesses reflect on Earth?
Answer: God's "visible organization"

Question: What gender are all the members of the Governing Body?
Answer: male

Question: How many members does the Governing Body consist of?
Answer: seven

Question: Who does the Governing Body direct?
Answer: several committees
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

Each congregation has a body of appointed unpaid male elders and ministerial servants. Elders maintain general responsibility for congregational governance, setting meeting times, selecting speakers and conducting meetings, directing the public preaching work, and creating "judicial committees" to investigate and decide disciplinary action for cases involving sexual misconduct or doctrinal breaches. New elders are appointed by a traveling overseer after recommendation by the existing body of elders. Ministerial servants—appointed in a similar manner to elders—fulfill clerical and attendant duties, but may also teach and conduct meetings. Witnesses do not use elder as a title to signify a formal clergy-laity division, though elders may employ ecclesiastical privilege such as confession of sins.

Question: What does each congregation have?
Answer: a body of appointed unpaid male elders

Question: Whose responsibility is it to conduct meetings and decide action for cases involving sexual misconduct?
Answer: Elders

Question: Who appoints new elders?
Answer: a traveling overseer

Question: What does the title of elder not signify?
Answer: a formal clergy-laity division

Question: What ecclesiastical privilege may elders employ?
Answer: confession of sins
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

Baptism is a requirement for being considered a member of Jehovah's Witnesses. Jehovah's Witnesses do not practice infant baptism, and previous baptisms performed by other denominations are not considered valid. Individuals undergoing baptism must affirm publicly that dedication and baptism identify them "as one of Jehovah's Witnesses in association with God's spirit-directed organization," though Witness publications say baptism symbolizes personal dedication to God and not "to a man, work or organization." Their literature emphasizes the need for members to be obedient and loyal to Jehovah and to "his organization,"[note 2] stating that individuals must remain part of it to receive God's favor and to survive Armageddon.

Question: What is a requirement for being considered a member of Jehovah's Witnesses?
Answer: Baptism

Question: What aren't considered valid when performed by other denominations?
Answer: previous baptisms

Question: What do Witness publications say baptism symbolizes a person's personal dedication to?
Answer: God

Question: Jehovah Witnesses' literature puts emphasis on the obedience to not only Jehovah but also to his what?
Answer: organization

Question: Individuals must remain Jehovah Witnesses if they wish to receive what from God?
Answer: favor
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses believe their religion is a restoration of first-century Christianity. Doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses are established by the Governing Body, which assumes responsibility for interpreting and applying scripture. The Governing Body does not issue any single, comprehensive "statement of faith", but prefers to express its doctrinal position in a variety of ways through publications published by the Watch Tower Society. Their publications teach that doctrinal changes and refinements result from a process of progressive revelation, in which God gradually reveals his will and purpose, and that such enlightenment or "new light" results from the application of reason and study, the guidance of the holy spirit, and direction from Jesus Christ and angels. The Society also teaches that members of the Governing Body are helped by the holy spirit to discern "deep truths", which are then considered by the entire Governing Body before it makes doctrinal decisions. The religion's leadership, while disclaiming divine inspiration and infallibility, is said to provide "divine guidance" through its teachings described as "based on God's Word thus ... not from men, but from Jehovah."

Question: What do Jehovah Witnesses believe their religion is a restoration of?
Answer: first-century Christianity

Question: Who establishes the doctrines of the Jehovah Witnesses? 
Answer: the Governing Body

Question: Where does the Governing Body express its doctrinal position?
Answer: through publications published by the Watch Tower Society

Question: How does God reveal his will and purpose?
Answer: gradually

Question: What is the Jehovah Witnesses' leadership said to provide?
Answer: divine guidance