nc33/MultiSpan_SQUAD huggingface dataset:
Punjab,_Pakistan

In the mid-fifteenth century, the religion of Sikhism was born. During the Mughal empire, many Hindus increasingly adopted Sikhism. These became a formidable military force against the Mughals and later against the Afghan Empire. After fighting Ahmad Shah Durrani in the later eighteenth century, the Sikhs took control of Punjab and managed to establish the Sikh Empire under Maharaja Ranjit Singh, which lasted from 1799 to 1849. The capital of Ranjit Singh's empire was Lahore, and the empire also extended into Afghanistan and Kashmir. Bhangi Misl was the fist Sikh band to conquer Lahore and other towns of Punjab. Syed Ahmad Barelvi a Muslim, waged jihad and attempted to create an Islamic state with strict enforcement of Islamic law. Syed Ahmad Barelvi in 1821 with many supporters and spent two years organising popular and material support for his Punjab campaign. He carefully developed a network of people through the length and breadth of India to collect funds and encourage volunteers, travelling widely throughout India attracting a following among pious Muslims. In December 1826 Sayyid Ahmad and his followers clashed with Sikh troops at Akora Khattak, but with no decisive result. In a major battle near the town of Balakot in 1831, Sayyid Ahmad and Shah Ismail Shaheed with volunteer Muslims were defeated by the professional Sikh Army.

Question: When did Sikhism begin?
Answer: mid-fifteenth century

Question: In which empire did many Hindus become Sikhs?
Answer: Mughal empire

Question: When did Ahmad fight at Akora Khattak?
Answer: December 1826

Question: When did Ahmad fight at Balakot?
Answer: 1831

Question: Who won at Balakot?
Answer: the professional Sikh Army
Punjab,_Pakistan

Maharaja Ranjit Singh's death in the summer of 1839 brought political chaos and the subsequent battles of succession and the bloody infighting between the factions at court weakened the state. Relationships with neighbouring British territories then broke down, starting the First Anglo-Sikh War; this led to a British official being resident in Lahore and the annexation in 1849 of territory south of the Satluj to British India. After the Second Anglo-Sikh War in 1849, the Sikh Empire became the last territory to be merged into British India. In Jhelum 35 British soldiers of HM XXIV regiment were killed by the local resistance during the Indian Rebellion of 1857.[citation needed]

Question: When did Ranjit Singh die?
Answer: summer of 1839

Question: What did Ranjit Singh's death cause?
Answer: political chaos

Question: When was part of Punjab annexed into British India?
Answer: 1849

Question: When was the Second Anglo-Sikh War?
Answer: 1849

Question: What was the last territory added to British India?
Answer: the Sikh Empire
Punjab,_Pakistan

Punjab witnessed major battles between the armies of India and Pakistan in the wars of 1965 and 1971. Since the 1990s Punjab hosted several key sites of Pakistan's nuclear program such as Kahuta. It also hosts major military bases such as at Sargodha and Rawalpindi. The peace process between India and Pakistan, which began in earnest in 2004, has helped pacify the situation. Trade and people-to-people contacts through the Wagah border are now starting to become common. Indian Sikh pilgrims visit holy sites such as Nankana Sahib.

Question: When did India and Pakistan fight in Punjab?
Answer: 1965 and 1971

Question: What is Kahuta an important location for?
Answer: Pakistan's nuclear program

Question: Where does Punjab have major military bases?
Answer: Sargodha and Rawalpindi

Question: When did India and Pakistan begin serious peace talks?
Answer: 2004

Question: Who visits Nankana Sahib?
Answer: Sikh pilgrims
Punjab,_Pakistan

The onset of the southwest monsoon is anticipated to reach Punjab by May, but since the early 1970s the weather pattern has been irregular. The spring monsoon has either skipped over the area or has caused it to rain so hard that floods have resulted. June and July are oppressively hot. Although official estimates rarely place the temperature above 46 °C, newspaper sources claim that it reaches 51 °C and regularly carry reports about people who have succumbed to the heat. Heat records were broken in Multan in June 1993, when the mercury was reported to have risen to 54 °C. In August the oppressive heat is punctuated by the rainy season, referred to as barsat, which brings relief in its wake. The hardest part of the summer is then over, but cooler weather does not come until late October.

Question: When do monsoons traditionally happen in Punjab?
Answer: by May

Question: When did Punjab's weather pattern become unpredictable?
Answer: since the early 1970s

Question: How hot do newspapers say it has gotten in Punjab?
Answer: 51 °C

Question: What was the record heat spike in Multan?
Answer: 54 °C

Question: When was the record heat spike in Multan?
Answer: June 1993
Punjab,_Pakistan

The major and native language spoken in the Punjab is Punjabi (which is written in a Shahmukhi script in Pakistan) and Punjabis comprise the largest ethnic group in country. Punjabi is the provincial language of Punjab. There is not a single district in the province where Punjabi language is mother-tongue of less than 89% of population. The language is not given any official recognition in the Constitution of Pakistan at the national level. Punjabis themselves are a heterogeneous group comprising different tribes, clans (Urdu: برادری‎) and communities. In Pakistani Punjab these tribes have more to do with traditional occupations such as blacksmiths or artisans as opposed to rigid social stratifications. Punjabi dialects spoken in the province include Majhi (Standard), Saraiki and Hindko. Saraiki is mostly spoken in south Punjab, and Pashto, spoken in some parts of north west Punjab, especially in Attock District and Mianwali District.

Question: What is Punjab's major language?
Answer: Punjabi

Question: How is Punjabi written?
Answer: in a Shahmukhi script

Question: What is the largest ethnic group in Pakistan?
Answer: Punjabis

Question: What minimum percent of each Punjab district speaks Punjabi natively?
Answer: 89%

Question: Where is Saraiki usually spoken?
Answer: south Punjab
Punjab,_Pakistan

The Government of Punjab is a provincial government in the federal structure of Pakistan, is based in Lahore, the capital of the Punjab Province. The Chief Minister of Punjab (CM) is elected by the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab to serve as the head of the provincial government in Punjab, Pakistan. The current Chief Minister is Shahbaz Sharif, who became the Chief Minister of Punjab as being restored after Governor's rule starting from 25 February 2009 to 30 March 2009. Thereafter got re-elected as a result of 11 May 2013 elections. The Provincial Assembly of the Punjab is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives of the province of Punjab, which is located in Lahore in eastern Pakistan. The Assembly was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of Pakistan as having a total of 371 seats, with 66 seats reserved for women and eight reserved for non-Muslims.

Question: Who elects the Chief Minister?
Answer: the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab

Question: In what year did Sharif become CM?
Answer: 2009

Question: When was Sharif re-elected CM?
Answer: 11 May 2013

Question: What kind of legislature is the Provincial Assembly?
Answer: unicameral

Question: How many seats are in the Provincial Assembly?
Answer: 371
Punjab,_Pakistan

Punjab has the largest economy in Pakistan, contributing most to the national GDP. The province's economy has quadrupled since 1972. Its share of Pakistan's GDP was 54.7% in 2000 and 59% as of 2010. It is especially dominant in the service and agriculture sectors of Pakistan's economy. With its contribution ranging from 52.1% to 64.5% in the Service Sector and 56.1% to 61.5% in the agriculture sector. It is also major manpower contributor because it has largest pool of professionals and highly skilled (technically trained) manpower in Pakistan. It is also dominant in the manufacturing sector, though the dominance is not as huge, with historical contributions raging from a low of 44% to a high of 52.6%. In 2007, Punjab achieved a growth rate of 7.8% and during the period 2002–03 to 2007–08, its economy grew at a rate of between 7% to 8% per year. and during 2008–09 grew at 6% against the total GDP growth of Pakistan at 4%.

Question: How much has Punjab's economy grown since 1972?
Answer: quadrupled

Question: How much of Pakistan's GDP came from Punjab in 2000?
Answer: 54.7%

Question: How much of Pakistan's GDP came from Punjab in 2010?
Answer: 59%

Question: What manpower does Punjab provide?
Answer: largest pool of professionals and highly skilled (technically trained) manpower in Pakistan

Question: How much did Punjab's economy grow in 2008-09?
Answer: 6%
Punjab,_Pakistan

Despite the lack of a coastline, Punjab is the most industrialised province of Pakistan; its manufacturing industries produce textiles, sports goods, heavy machinery, electrical appliances, surgical instruments, vehicles, auto parts, metals, sugar mill plants, aircraft, cement, agricultural machinery, bicycles and rickshaws, floor coverings, and processed foods. In 2003, the province manufactured 90% of the paper and paper boards, 71% of the fertilizers, 69% of the sugar and 40% of the cement of Pakistan.

Question: What geographic feature does Punjab not have?
Answer: coastline

Question: What medical product does Punjab manufacture?
Answer: surgical instruments

Question: What transportation products does Punjab manufacture?
Answer: bicycles and rickshaws

Question: How much of Pakistan's paper products does Punjab manufacture?
Answer: 90%

Question: How much of Pakistan's sugar does Punjab manufacture?
Answer: 69%
Punjab,_Pakistan

Despite its tropical wet and dry climate, extensive irrigation makes it a rich agricultural region. Its canal-irrigation system established by the British is the largest in the world. Wheat and cotton are the largest crops. Other crops include rice, sugarcane, millet, corn, oilseeds, pulses, vegetables, and fruits such as kinoo. Livestock and poultry production are also important. Despite past animosities, the rural masses in Punjab's farms continue to use the Hindu calendar for planting and harvesting.

Question: What kind of climate does Punjab have?
Answer: tropical wet and dry

Question: Who built Punjab's irrigation system?
Answer: the British

Question: What are Punjab's largest crops?
Answer: Wheat and cotton

Question: What are Punjab's secondary crops?
Answer: rice, sugarcane, millet, corn, oilseeds, pulses, vegetables, and fruits such as kinoo

Question: What calendar do Punjab's farmers use?
Answer: the Hindu calendar
Punjab,_Pakistan

As of June 2012[update], Pakistan's electricity problems were so severe that violent riots were taking place across Punjab. According to protesters, load shedding was depriving the cities of electricity 20–22 hours a day, causing businesses to go bust and making living extremely hard. Gujranwala, Toba Tek Singh, Faisalabad, Sialkot, Bahawalnagar and communities across Khanewal District saw widespread rioting and violence on Sunday 17 June 2012, with the houses of several members of parliament being attacked as well as the offices of regional energy suppliers Fesco, Gepco and Mepco being ransacked or attacked.

Question: What kind of problem caused riots in June 2012?
Answer: electricity

Question: How long were cities without electricity in June 2012?
Answer: 20–22 hours a day

Question: Where were there riots in June 2012?
Answer: Gujranwala, Toba Tek Singh, Faisalabad, Sialkot, Bahawalnagar and communities across Khanewal District

Question: Which energy companies' offices were attacked by rioters?
Answer: Fesco, Gepco and Mepco
Punjab,_Pakistan

The fairs held at the shrines of Sufi saints are called urs. They generally mark the death anniversary of the saint. On these occasions devotees assemble in large numbers and pay homage to the memory of the saint. Soul inspiring music is played and devotees dance in ecstasy. The music on these occasions is essentially folk and appealing. It forms a part of the folk music through mystic messages. The most important urs are: urs of Data Ganj Buksh at Lahore, urs of Hazrat Sultan Bahu at Jhang, urs of Hazrat Shah Jewna at Jhang, urs of Hazrat Mian Mir at Lahore, urs of Baba Farid Ganj Shakar at Pakpattan, urs of Hazrat Bahaudin Zakria at Multan, urs of Sakhi Sarwar Sultan at Dera Ghazi Khan, urs of Shah Hussain at Lahore, urs of Hazrat Bulleh Shah at Kasur, urs of Hazrat Imam Bari (Bari Shah Latif) at Rawalpindi-Islamabad and urs of Shah Inayar Qadri (the murrshad of Bulleh Shah) in Lahore.

Question: What are urs?
Answer: fairs held at the shrines of Sufi saints

Question: When are urs held?
Answer: the death anniversary of the saint

Question: What genre of music is played at urs?
Answer: folk

Question: Where is Buksh's shrine?
Answer: Lahore

Question: Where is Zakria's shrine?
Answer: Multan
Punjab,_Pakistan

The province is home to several historical sites, including the Shalimar Gardens, the Lahore Fort, the Badshahi Mosque, the Rohtas Fort and the ruins of the ancient city of Harrapa. The Anarkali Market and Jahangir's Tomb are prominent in the city of Lahore as is the Lahore Museum, while the ancient city of Taxila in the northwest was once a major centre of Buddhist and Hindu influence. Several important Sikh shrines are in the province, including the birthplace of the first Guru, Guru Nanak. (born at Nankana Sahib). There are a few famous hill stations, including Murree, Bhurban, Patriata and Fort Munro.

Question: What famous tomb is in Lahore?
Answer: Jahangir's Tomb

Question: Where was Nanak born?
Answer: Nankana Sahib

Question: Who was the first Sikh Guru?
Answer: Guru Nanak

Question: What famous hill stations are in Punjab?
Answer: Murree, Bhurban, Patriata and Fort Munro

Question: What famous mosque is in Punjab?
Answer: Badshahi Mosque
Punjab,_Pakistan

Among the Punjabi poets, the names of Sultan Bahu, Bulleh Shah, Mian Muhammad Baksh, and Waris Shah and folk singers like Inayat Hussain Bhatti and Tufail Niazi, Alam Lohar, Sain Marna, Mansoor Malangi, Allah Ditta Lona wala, Talib Hussain Dard, Attaullah Khan Essa Khailwi, Gamoo Tahliwala, Mamzoo Gha-lla, Akbar Jat, Arif Lohar, Ahmad Nawaz Cheena and Hamid Ali Bela are well-known. In the composition of classical ragas, there are such masters as Malika-i-Mauseequi (Queen of Music) Roshan Ara Begum, Ustad Amanat Ali Khan, Salamat Ali Khan and Ustad Fateh Ali Khan. Alam Lohar has made significant contributions to folklore and Punjabi literature, by being a very influential Punjabi folk singer from 1930 until 1979.

Question: Who are some well-known Punjab poets?
Answer: Sultan Bahu, Bulleh Shah, Mian Muhammad Baksh, and Waris Shah

Question: What is Allah Ditta Lona Wala's career?
Answer: folk singers

Question: Who is the 'Queen of Music'?
Answer: Malika-i-Mauseequi

Question: When was Alam Lohar an important Punjabi folk singer?
Answer: from 1930 until 1979