nc33/MultiSpan_SQUAD huggingface dataset:
Pacific_War

Towards the end of the war as the role of strategic bombing became more important, a new command for the U.S. Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific was created to oversee all U.S. strategic bombing in the hemisphere, under United States Army Air Forces General Curtis LeMay. Japanese industrial production plunged as nearly half of the built-up areas of 67 cities were destroyed by B-29 firebombing raids. On 9–10 March 1945 alone, about 100,000 people were killed in a conflagration caused by an incendiary attack on Tokyo. LeMay also oversaw Operation Starvation, in which the inland waterways of Japan were extensively mined by air, which disrupted the small amount of remaining Japanese coastal sea traffic. On 26 July 1945, the President of the United States Harry S. Truman, the President of the Nationalist Government of China Chiang Kai-shek and the Prime Minister of Great Britain Winston Churchill issued the Potsdam Declaration, which outlined the terms of surrender for the Empire of Japan as agreed upon at the Potsdam Conference. This ultimatum stated that, if Japan did not surrender, it would face "prompt and utter destruction."

Question: Who was over the new U.S. Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific command?
Answer: General Curtis LeMay

Question: How many people were killed in the incendry attack on Tokyo on March 9-10, 1945?
Answer: 100,000

Question: When was the Potsdam Declaration issued?
Answer: 26 July 1945

Question: Who oversaw Operation Starvation?
Answer: General Curtis LeMay

Question: What ultimatum stated that Japan would face "prompt and utter destruction" if it did not surrender?
Answer: Potsdam Declaration
Richmond,_Virginia

Richmond is located at the fall line of the James River, 44 miles (71 km) west of Williamsburg, 66 miles (106 km) east of Charlottesville, and 98 miles (158 km) south of Washington, D.C. Surrounded by Henrico and Chesterfield counties, the city is located at the intersections of Interstate 95 and Interstate 64, and encircled by Interstate 295 and Virginia State Route 288. Major suburbs include Midlothian to the southwest, Glen Allen to the north and west, Short Pump to the west and Mechanicsville to the northeast.

Question: Richmond is located at what line of the James river?
Answer: the fall line

Question: At what intersections is the Richmond located?
Answer: Interstate 95 and Interstate 64, and encircled by Interstate 295 and Virginia State Route 288.

Question: What counties are located? around Washington.D.C?
Answer: Henrico and Chesterfield counties

Question: What suburb is located on the southwest?
Answer: Midlothian

Question: What suburb is located on the north and west?
Answer: Glen Allen

Question: What are the major roads in Richmond?
Answer: Interstate 95 and Interstate 64, and encircled by Interstate 295 and Virginia State Route 288

Question: What is the closest historically famous city is 44 miles away?
Answer: 44 miles (71 km) west of Williamsburg

Question: What counties surround Richmond?
Answer: Henrico and Chesterfield counties

Question: Name at least two major suburbs of Richmond.
Answer: Midlothian to the southwest, Glen Allen to the north and west, Short Pump to the west and Mechanicsville to the northeast

Question: How many miles east of Richmond is Williamsburg?
Answer: 44

Question: How many kilometers west of Charlottesville is Richmond?
Answer: 106

Question: Leaving Washington DC, what cardinal direction would one travel to reach Richmond?
Answer: south

Question: What is Richmond's southwestern suburb?
Answer: Midlothian

Question: Where is Short Pump located in relation to Richmond?
Answer: west
Richmond,_Virginia

The site of Richmond had been an important village of the Powhatan Confederacy, and was briefly settled by English colonists from Jamestown in 1609, and in 1610–1611. The present city of Richmond was founded in 1737. It became the capital of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia in 1780. During the Revolutionary War period, several notable events occurred in the city, including Patrick Henry's "Give me liberty or give me death" speech in 1775 at St. John's Church, and the passage of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom written by Thomas Jefferson. During the American Civil War, Richmond served as the capital of the Confederate States of America. The city entered the 20th century with one of the world's first successful electric streetcar systems, as well as a national hub of African-American commerce and culture, the Jackson Ward neighborhood.

Question: Richmond was an important city of what confederacy? 
Answer: the Powhatan Confederacy

Question: Richmond was briefly settled by whom?
Answer: English colonists from Jamestown

Question: When did Jamestown Colonist settle in Richmond?
Answer: 1609, and in 1610–1611

Question: When was present day Richmond founded?
Answer: 1737

Question: what famous speech did Patrick Henry give in Richmond?
Answer: Give me liberty or give me death

Question: When was Richmond first settled?
Answer: 1609

Question: When was the City of Richmond founded?
Answer: 1737

Question: What famous revolutionary war speech was given in Richmond?  Where?
Answer: Patrick Henry's "Give me liberty or give me death" speech in 1775 at St. John's Church

Question: What 'side' was Richmond on in the Civil War?
Answer: Confederate

Question: Who wrote the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom?
Answer: Thomas Jefferson

Question: What was the nationality of the people who settled Richmond in 1609?
Answer: English

Question: In what year was the current city of Richmond founded?
Answer: 1737

Question: What famous speech did Patrick Henry give in Richmond?
Answer: Give me liberty or give me death

Question: In what building did Patrick Henry give his famous speech?
Answer: St. John's Church

Question: Who was the author of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom?
Answer: Thomas Jefferson
Richmond,_Virginia

Richmond's economy is primarily driven by law, finance, and government, with federal, state, and local governmental agencies, as well as notable legal and banking firms, located in the downtown area. The city is home to both the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, one of 13 United States courts of appeals, and the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, one of 12 Federal Reserve Banks. Dominion Resources and MeadWestvaco, Fortune 500 companies, are headquartered in the city, with others in the metropolitan area.

Question: What things are important to the economy of Richmond?
Answer: law, finance, and government, with federal, state, and local governmental agencies

Question: What judicial branches are located in Richmond?
Answer: The city is home to both the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, one of 13 United States courts of appeals

Question: There is a Federal Reserve Bank located in Richmond.  How many are there, total?
Answer: 12 Federal Reserve Banks

Question: Name a Fortune 500 company with it's headquarters in Richmond
Answer: Dominion Resources and MeadWestvaco

Question: Along with law and finance, what is a major component of Richmond's economy?
Answer: government

Question: What circuit of the US Court of Appeals is based in Richmond?
Answer: Fourth

Question: How many circuit courts of appeal are there in the United States?
Answer: 13

Question: How many Federal Reserve Banks exist?
Answer: 12

Question: Along with MeadWestvaco, what Fortune 500 company is based in Richmond?
Answer: Dominion Resources
Richmond,_Virginia

In 1775, Patrick Henry delivered his famous "Give me Liberty or Give me Death" speech in St. John's Church in Richmond, crucial for deciding Virginia's participation in the First Continental Congress and setting the course for revolution and independence. On April 18, 1780, the state capital was moved from the colonial capital of Williamsburg to Richmond, to provide a more centralized location for Virginia's increasing westerly population, as well as to isolate the capital from British attack. The latter motive proved to be in vain, and in 1781, under the command of Benedict Arnold, Richmond was burned by British troops, causing Governor Thomas Jefferson to flee as the Virginia militia, led by Sampson Mathews, defended the city.

Question: What year did Patrick Henry give his speech?
Answer: 1775

Question: What happened on April 18, 1780?
Answer: the state capital was moved from the colonial capital of Williamsburg to Richmond

Question: What did Patrick Henry's speech encourage to happen?
Answer: Virginia's participation in the First Continental Congress and setting the course for revolution and independence

Question: What's one reason the capital was moved to Richmond?
Answer: to isolate the capital from British attack

Question: Who was Governor of Virginia in 1781
Answer: Thomas Jefferson

Question: What did Patrick Henry's famous speech persuade Virginians to send delegates to?
Answer: First Continental Congress

Question: What was the capital of Virginia prior to Richmond?
Answer: Williamsburg

Question: What general led the troops that burned Richmond?
Answer: Benedict Arnold

Question: Who led the militia that defended Richmond?
Answer: Sampson Mathews

Question: Who was the governor of Virginia in 1781?
Answer: Thomas Jefferson
Richmond,_Virginia

Richmond recovered quickly from the war, and by 1782 was once again a thriving city. In 1786, the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (drafted by Thomas Jefferson) was passed at the temporary capitol in Richmond, providing the basis for the separation of church and state, a key element in the development of the freedom of religion in the United States. A permanent home for the new government, the Virginia State Capitol building, was designed by Thomas Jefferson with the assistance of Charles-Louis Clérisseau, and was completed in 1788.

Question: What is the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom?
Answer: the basis for the separation of church and state

Question: Who drafted the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom?
Answer: Thomas Jefferson

Question: Who designed the Richmond Capital Building?
Answer: Thomas Jefferson

Question: Who is Charles-Louis Clerisseau?
Answer: Capitol building, was designed by

Question: When was the Capital building completed?
Answer: 1788

Question: Who aided Jefferson in designing the Virginia State Capitol?
Answer: Charles-Louis Clérisseau

Question: In what year was the Virginia State Capitol finished?
Answer: 1788

Question: What was the capital of Virginia circa 1786?
Answer: Richmond

Question: What notable document was authored by Thomas Jefferson in 1786?
Answer: Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom

Question: In what year could Richmond first be said to have recovered from the destruction of the American Revolution?
Answer: 1782
Richmond,_Virginia

Much of Richmond's early architecture was destroyed by the Evacuation Fire in 1865. It is estimated that 25% of all buildings in Richmond were destroyed during this fire. Even fewer now remain due to construction and demolition that has taken place since Reconstruction. In spite of this, Richmond contains many historically significant buildings and districts. Buildings remain from Richmond's colonial period, such as the Patteson-Schutte House and the Edgar Allan Poe Museum (Richmond, Virginia), both built before 1750.

Question: What disaster destroyed many of the early buildings in Richmond?
Answer: Evacuation Fire

Question: What percentage of Richmond's buildings were burned in a single fire in 1865?
Answer: 25

Question: What is the name of the era from which the building housing the Edgar Allan Poe Museum dates?
Answer: colonial

Question: Prior to what year was the Patterson-Schutte House built?
Answer: 1750
San_Diego

With an estimated population of 1,381,069 as of July 1, 2014, San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest in California. It is part of the San Diego–Tijuana conurbation, the second-largest transborder agglomeration between the US and a bordering country after Detroit–Windsor, with a population of 4,922,723 people. San Diego is the birthplace of California and is known for its mild year-round climate, natural deep-water harbor, extensive beaches, long association with the United States Navy and recent emergence as a healthcare and biotechnology development center.

Question: Which city in Mexico does San Diego border?
Answer: Tijuana

Question: Aside from healthcare, which employment sector has strongly emerged in San Diego?
Answer: biotechnology development

Question: Of all military branches, which one has the strongest presence in San Diego?
Answer: United States Navy

Question: What is unique about San Diego's harbors?
Answer: deep-water

Question: Of the top 10 largest cities in the country, which place does San Diego rank?
Answer: eighth
San_Diego

Historically home to the Kumeyaay people, San Diego was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the entire area for Spain, forming the basis for the settlement of Alta California 200 years later. The Presidio and Mission San Diego de Alcalá, founded in 1769, formed the first European settlement in what is now California. In 1821, San Diego became part of the newly-independent Mexico, which reformed as the First Mexican Republic two years later. In 1850, it became part of the United States following the Mexican–American War and the admission of California to the union.

Question: Who claimed the San Diego Bay area for Spain in 1542?
Answer: Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo

Question: What native people lived in the San Diego area before the Europeans arrived?
Answer: Kumeyaay

Question: In what year did San Diego become part of the United States?
Answer: 1850

Question: After the land was claimed for Spain, how many years passed before the settlement of Alta began?
Answer: 200
San_Diego

The first European to visit the region was Portuguese-born explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo sailing under the flag of Castile. Sailing his flagship San Salvador from Navidad, New Spain, Cabrillo claimed the bay for the Spanish Empire in 1542, and named the site 'San Miguel'. In November 1602, Sebastián Vizcaíno was sent to map the California coast. Arriving on his flagship San Diego, Vizcaíno surveyed the harbor and what are now Mission Bay and Point Loma and named the area for the Catholic Saint Didacus, a Spaniard more commonly known as San Diego de Alcalá. On November 12, 1602, the first Christian religious service of record in Alta California was conducted by Friar Antonio de la Ascensión, a member of Vizcaíno's expedition, to celebrate the feast day of San Diego.

Question: Who was sent to survey the California coast in 1602?
Answer: Sebastián Vizcaíno

Question: Who was the harbor named for?
Answer: Catholic Saint Didacus

Question: Who conducted the first Christian service to be recorded in Alta?
Answer: Friar Antonio de la Ascensión

Question: What was the name of Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo's ship?
Answer: San Salvador

Question: Where did Cabrillo leave from to embark on his journey to the West Coast?
Answer: Navidad, New Spain
San_Diego

In May 1769, Gaspar de Portolà established the Fort Presidio of San Diego on a hill near the San Diego River. It was the first settlement by Europeans in what is now the state of California. In July of the same year, Mission San Diego de Alcalá was founded by Franciscan friars under Junípero Serra. By 1797, the mission boasted the largest native population in Alta California, with over 1,400 neophytes living in and around the mission proper. Mission San Diego was the southern anchor in California of the historic mission trail El Camino Real. Both the Presidio and the Mission are National Historic Landmarks.

Question: Who did Junipero Serra commission to found the Mission San Diego de Alcala in 1769?
Answer: Franciscan friars

Question: What historic trail starting point developed at Mission San Diego?
Answer: El Camino Real

Question: What was developed on a hill by the San Diego River?
Answer: Fort Presidio of San Diego

Question: How many neophytes resided in the San Diego area in 1797?
Answer: 1,400

Question: What are the Presidio and Mission considered today?
Answer: National Historic Landmarks
San_Diego

In 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain, and San Diego became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California. In 1822, Mexico began attempting to extend its authority over the coastal territory of Alta California. The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned, while the town of San Diego grew up on the level land below Presidio Hill. The Mission was secularized by the Mexican government in 1833, and most of the Mission lands were sold to wealthy Californio settlers. The 432 residents of the town petitioned the governor to form a pueblo, and Juan María Osuna was elected the first alcalde ("municipal magistrate"), defeating Pío Pico in the vote. (See, List of pre-statehood mayors of San Diego.) However, San Diego had been losing population throughout the 1830s and in 1838 the town lost its pueblo status because its size dropped to an estimated 100 to 150 residents. Beyond town Mexican land grants expanded the number of California ranchos that modestly added to the local economy.

Question: Who was elected as the Mission's first municipal magistrate?
Answer: Juan María Osuna

Question: What was the name of the Mexican territory San Diego became part of in 1821?
Answer: Alta California

Question: Why did San Diego lose its pueblo status in 1838?
Answer: its size dropped to an estimated 100 to 150 residents

Question: What happened as the population shifted to more level ground below Presidio Hill?
Answer: The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned

Question: Who was in the running for the first alcalde position, but was defeated in the election?
Answer: Pío Pico
San_Diego

In 1846, the United States went to war against Mexico and sent a naval and land expedition to conquer Alta California. At first they had an easy time of it capturing the major ports including San Diego, but the Californios in southern Alta California struck back. Following the successful revolt in Los Angeles, the American garrison at San Diego was driven out without firing a shot in early October 1846. Mexican partisans held San Diego for three weeks until October 24, 1846, when the Americans recaptured it. For the next several months the Americans were blockaded inside the pueblo. Skirmishes occurred daily and snipers shot into the town every night. The Californios drove cattle away from the pueblo hoping to starve the Americans and their Californio supporters out. On December 1 the Americans garrison learned that the dragoons of General Stephen W. Kearney were at Warner's Ranch. Commodore Robert F. Stockton sent a mounted force of fifty under Captain Archibald Gillespie to march north to meet him. Their joint command of 150 men, returning to San Diego, encountered about 93 Californios under Andrés Pico. In the ensuing Battle of San Pasqual, fought in the San Pasqual Valley which is now part of the city of San Diego, the Americans suffered their worst losses in the campaign. Subsequently a column led by Lieutenant Gray arrived from San Diego, rescuing Kearny's battered and blockaded command.

Question: Who commissioned Captain Archibald Gillespie to lead 50 men on horseback to the north?
Answer: Commodore Robert F. Stockton

Question: What battle took place in the San Pasqual Valley?
Answer: Battle of San Pasqual

Question: What extreme measure did the Californios take to try to draw the Americans out of the pueblo?
Answer: The Californios drove cattle away from the pueblo

Question: Who led the group from San Diego that rescued Kearny's men?
Answer: Lieutenant Gray

Question: How many weeks did Mexican partisans hold San Diego before it was recaptured by Americans?
Answer: three weeks
San_Diego

Stockton and Kearny went on to recover Los Angeles and force the capitulation of Alta California with the "Treaty of Cahuenga" on January 13, 1847. As a result of the Mexican–American War of 1846–48, the territory of Alta California, including San Diego, was ceded to the United States by Mexico, under the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. The Mexican negotiators of that treaty tried to retain San Diego as part of Mexico, but the Americans insisted that San Diego was "for every commercial purpose of nearly equal importance to us with that of San Francisco," and the Mexican-American border was eventually established to be one league south of the southernmost point of San Diego Bay, so as to include the entire bay within the United States.

Question: What treaty was used by Stockton and Kearny on January 1, 1847?
Answer: Treaty of Cahuenga

Question: What was established after negotiations over San Diego between the Mexcians and Americans?
Answer: Mexican-American border

Question: Which war played a role in ceding San Diego to the United States?
Answer: Mexican–American War of 1846–48

Question: What was the name of the treaty developed between Mexico and the United States in 1848?
Answer: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Question: Why was the border between Mexico and the United States established one league south of San Diego Bay's most southern tip?
Answer: to include the entire bay within the United States
San_Diego

The state of California was admitted to the United States in 1850. That same year San Diego was designated the seat of the newly established San Diego County and was incorporated as a city. Joshua H. Bean, the last alcalde of San Diego, was elected the first mayor. Two years later the city was bankrupt; the California legislature revoked the city's charter and placed it under control of a board of trustees, where it remained until 1889. A city charter was re-established in 1889 and today's city charter was adopted in 1931.

Question: In what year did San Diego officially become a city?
Answer: 1850

Question: Who was San Diego's first mayor?
Answer: Joshua H. Bean

Question: What happened two years after San Diego elected it's first mayor?
Answer: the city was bankrupt

Question: Who controlled San Diego's charter for 2 years after it was revoked by California legislature?
Answer: a board of trustees

Question: When was San Diego's current charter adopted?
Answer: 1931
San_Diego

The original town of San Diego was located at the foot of Presidio Hill, in the area which is now Old Town San Diego State Historic Park. The location was not ideal, being several miles away from navigable water. In 1850, William Heath Davis promoted a new development by the Bay shore called "New San Diego", several miles south of the original settlement; however, for several decades the new development consisted only a few houses, a pier and an Army depot. In the late 1860s, Alonzo Horton promoted a move to the bayside area, which he called "New Town" and which became Downtown San Diego. Horton promoted the area heavily, and people and businesses began to relocate to New Town because of its location on San Diego Bay convenient to shipping. New Town soon eclipsed the original settlement, known to this day as Old Town, and became the economic and governmental heart of the city. Still, San Diego remained a relative backwater town until the arrival of a railroad connection in 1878.

Question: What was the main flaw of San Diego's original location?
Answer: several miles away from navigable water

Question: Who developed New San Diego that was south of the first location?
Answer: William Heath Davis

Question: Who was largely responsible for the population growth of Downtown San Diego?
Answer: Alonzo Horton

Question: What happened in 1878 that played a role in San Diego's economic growth?
Answer: the arrival of a railroad connection

Question: What was San Diego's downtown area originally called?
Answer: New Town