nc33/MultiSpan_SQUAD huggingface dataset:
San_Diego

In the early part of the 20th century, San Diego hosted two World's Fairs: the Panama-California Exposition in 1915 and the California Pacific International Exposition in 1935. Both expositions were held in Balboa Park, and many of the Spanish/Baroque-style buildings that were built for those expositions remain to this day as central features of the park. The buildings were intended to be temporary structures, but most remained in continuous use until they progressively fell into disrepair. Most were eventually rebuilt, using castings of the original façades to retain the architectural style. The menagerie of exotic animals featured at the 1915 exposition provided the basis for the San Diego Zoo. During the 1950s there was a citywide festival called Fiesta del Pacifico highlighting the area's Spanish and Mexican past. In the 2010s there was a proposal for a large-scale celebration of the 100th anniversary of Balboa Park, but the plans were abandoned when the organization tasked with putting on the celebration went out of business.

Question: What park in San Diego hosted two World Fairs near the beginning of the 20th century?
Answer: Balboa Park

Question: Where did many of the San Diego Zoo's exotic animals come from?
Answer: Panama-California Exposition in 1915

Question: What festival was celebrated in the 1950s in recognition of the city's Mexican and Spanish past?
Answer: Fiesta del Pacifico

Question: What happened to many of the structures developed for the World Fairs?
Answer: Most were eventually rebuilt, using castings of the original façades to retain the architectural style.

Question: Which World Fair was hosted in San Diego in 1935?
Answer: California Pacific International Exposition
San_Diego

The southern portion of the Point Loma peninsula was set aside for military purposes as early as 1852. Over the next several decades the Army set up a series of coastal artillery batteries and named the area Fort Rosecrans. Significant U.S. Navy presence began in 1901 with the establishment of the Navy Coaling Station in Point Loma, and expanded greatly during the 1920s. By 1930, the city was host to Naval Base San Diego, Naval Training Center San Diego, San Diego Naval Hospital, Camp Matthews, and Camp Kearny (now Marine Corps Air Station Miramar). The city was also an early center for aviation: as early as World War I, San Diego was proclaiming itself "The Air Capital of the West". The city was home to important airplane developers and manufacturers like Ryan Airlines (later Ryan Aeronautical), founded in 1925, and Consolidated Aircraft (later Convair), founded in 1923. Charles A. Lindbergh's plane The Spirit of St. Louis was built in San Diego in 1927 by Ryan Airlines.

Question: What names was given to coastal artillery batteries erected shortly after 1852?
Answer: Fort Rosecrans

Question: What was the name of Charles A. Lindbergh's plane that was built in San Diego by Ryan Airlines?
Answer: Spirit of St. Louis

Question: What was the original name of today's Marine Corps Air Station Miramar?
Answer: Camp Kearny

Question: What branch of the military began to have a strong presence in San Diego in 1901?
Answer: U.S. Navy

Question: What airplane developer was founded in San Diego in 1923?
Answer: Consolidated Aircraft
San_Diego

During World War II, San Diego became a major hub of military and defense activity, due to the presence of so many military installations and defense manufacturers. The city's population grew rapidly during and after World War II, more than doubling between 1930 (147,995) and 1950 (333,865). During the final months of the war, the Japanese had a plan to target multiple U.S. cities for biological attack, starting with San Diego. The plan was called "Operation Cherry Blossoms at Night" and called for kamikaze planes filled with fleas infected with plague (Yersinia pestis) to crash into civilian population centers in the city, hoping to spread plague in the city and effectively kill tens of thousands of civilians. The plan was scheduled to launch on September 22, 1945, but was not carried out because Japan surrendered five weeks earlier.

Question: When did San Diego's population grow so rapidly that it nearly doubled?
Answer: during and after World War II

Question: What was the name of the attack the Japanese had planned against San Diego?
Answer: Operation Cherry Blossoms at Night

Question: What were the Japanese originally going to drop on San Diego from their kamikaze planes?
Answer: fleas infected with plague (Yersinia pestis)

Question: Why didn't the Japanese launch their planned attack on September 22, 1945?
Answer: Japan surrendered five weeks earlier

Question: How many civilians were the Japanese hoping to kill during their planned attack on San Diego?
Answer: tens of thousands of civilians
San_Diego

From the start of the 20th century through the 1970s, the American tuna fishing fleet and tuna canning industry were based in San Diego, "the tuna capital of the world". San Diego's first tuna cannery was founded in 1911, and by the mid-1930s the canneries employed more than 1,000 people. A large fishing fleet supported the canneries, mostly staffed by immigrant fishermen from Japan, and later from the Portuguese Azores and Italy whose influence is still felt in neighborhoods like Little Italy and Point Loma. Due to rising costs and foreign competition, the last of the canneries closed in the early 1980s.

Question: What nickname was San Diego given by the tuna canning industry in the 1970s?
Answer: the tuna capital of the world

Question: How many jobs were created by the mid-1930s thanks to San Diego's tuna cannery that was developed in 1911?
Answer: more than 1,000

Question: Why were the canneries ultimately closed by the early 1980s?
Answer: rising costs and foreign competition

Question: Immigrants from what country were primarily hired by the fishing fleets that supported the canneries??
Answer: Japan

Question: From what region in Portugal did immigrants come from to work in San Diego's fishing industry?
Answer: Portuguese Azores
San_Diego

The city lies on approximately 200 deep canyons and hills separating its mesas, creating small pockets of natural open space scattered throughout the city and giving it a hilly geography. Traditionally, San Diegans have built their homes and businesses on the mesas, while leaving the urban canyons relatively wild. Thus, the canyons give parts of the city a segmented feel, creating gaps between otherwise proximate neighborhoods and contributing to a low-density, car-centered environment. The San Diego River runs through the middle of San Diego from east to west, creating a river valley which serves to divide the city into northern and southern segments. The river used to flow into San Diego Bay and its fresh water was the focus of the earliest Spanish explorers.[citation needed] Several reservoirs and Mission Trails Regional Park also lie between and separate developed areas of the city.

Question: In what direction does the San Diego River run through the city?
Answer: east to west

Question: What bodies of water can be found separating different developed areas of the city?
Answer: reservoirs

Question: What is created by the many canyons and hills throughout San Diego?
Answer: small pockets of natural open space

Question: What divides the city's northern and southern segments?
Answer: San Diego River

Question: Where did the San Diego River once flow to?
Answer: San Diego Bay
San_Diego

The development of skyscrapers over 300 feet (91 m) in San Diego is attributed to the construction of the El Cortez Hotel in 1927, the tallest building in the city from 1927 to 1963. As time went on multiple buildings claimed the title of San Diego's tallest skyscraper, including the Union Bank of California Building and Symphony Towers. Currently the tallest building in San Diego is One America Plaza, standing 500 feet (150 m) tall, which was completed in 1991. The downtown skyline contains no super-talls, as a regulation put in place by the Federal Aviation Administration in the 1970s set a 500 feet (152 m) limit on the height of buildings due to the proximity of San Diego International Airport. An iconic description of the skyline includes its skyscrapers being compared to the tools of a toolbox.

Question: What was the first skyscraper built in San Diego that was over 300-feet tall?
Answer: El Cortez Hotel

Question: How tall is One America Plaza?
Answer: 500 feet

Question: What played a role in determining the maximum height skyscrapers can be in San Diego?
Answer: San Diego International Airport

Question: What organization regulates building heights in San Diego?
Answer: Federal Aviation Administration

Question: What bank spent time as being the tallest building in San Diego?
Answer: Union Bank of California Building
San_Diego

San Diego is one of the top-ten best climates in the Farmers' Almanac and is one of the two best summer climates in America as scored by The Weather Channel. Under the Köppen–Geiger climate classification system, the San Diego area has been variously categorized as having either a semi-arid climate (BSh in the original classification and BSkn in modified Köppen classification) or a Mediterranean climate (Csa and Csb). San Diego's climate is characterized by warm, dry summers and mild winters with most of the annual precipitation falling between December and March. The city has a mild climate year-round, with an average of 201 days above 70 °F (21 °C) and low rainfall (9–13 inches [230–330 mm] annually). Dewpoints in the summer months range from 57.0 °F (13.9 °C) to 62.4 °F (16.9 °C).

Question: When does San Diego receive most of its precipitation?
Answer: between December and March

Question: How many days of the year does San Diego typically experience temperatures above 70 degrees Fahrenheit ?
Answer: 201 days

Question: What ranked San Diego as having the country's best summer climate?
Answer: Weather Channel

Question: What type of weather can one expect to experience in San Diego in the winter?
Answer: mild

Question: What type of climate is San Diego classified as having?
Answer: semi-arid climate
San_Diego

The climate in San Diego, like most of Southern California, often varies significantly over short geographical distances resulting in microclimates. In San Diego, this is mostly because of the city's topography (the Bay, and the numerous hills, mountains, and canyons). Frequently, particularly during the "May gray/June gloom" period, a thick "marine layer" cloud cover will keep the air cool and damp within a few miles of the coast, but will yield to bright cloudless sunshine approximately 5–10 miles (8.0–16.1 km) inland. Sometimes the June gloom can last into July, causing cloudy skies over most of San Diego for the entire day. Even in the absence of June gloom, inland areas tend to experience much more significant temperature variations than coastal areas, where the ocean serves as a moderating influence. Thus, for example, downtown San Diego averages January lows of 50 °F (10 °C) and August highs of 78 °F (26 °C). The city of El Cajon, just 10 miles (16 km) inland from downtown San Diego, averages January lows of 42 °F (6 °C) and August highs of 88 °F (31 °C).

Question: What areas experience the most significant temperature variations?
Answer: inland areas

Question: What is the average high temperature in El Cajon in August?
Answer: 88 °F

Question: What frequently blankets San Diego in May and June?
Answer: a thick "marine layer" cloud cover

Question: What is the average January low temperature in downtown San Diego?
Answer: 50 °F (10 °C)

Question: What effect does the springtime cloud cover have on the temperature?
Answer: keep the air cool and damp
San_Diego

Rainfall along the coast averages about 10 inches (250 mm) of precipitation annually. The average (mean) rainfall is 10.65 inches (271 mm) and the median is 9.6 inches (240 mm). Most of the rainfall occurs during the cooler months. The months of December through March supply most of the rain, with February the only month averaging 2 inches (51 mm) or more of rain. The months of May through September tend to be almost completely dry. Though there are few wet days per month during the rainy period, rainfall can be heavy when it does fall. Rainfall is usually greater in the higher elevations of San Diego; some of the higher elevation areas of San Diego can receive 11–15 inches (280–380 mm) of rain a year. Variability of rainfall can be extreme: in the wettest years of 1883/1884 and 1940/1941 more than 24 inches (610 mm) fell in the city, whilst in the driest years as little as 3.2 inches (80 mm) has fallen for a full year. The wettest month on record has been December 1921 with 9.21 inches (234 mm).

Question: What is the average rainfall in February along the coast?
Answer: 2 inches (51 mm)

Question: What is significant about the weather that San Diego experienced in December 1921?
Answer: wettest month on record

Question: What months are nearly completely dry in San Diego?
Answer: May through September

Question: What is the average annual precipitation along San Diego's coast?
Answer: 10.65 inches (271 mm)

Question: What areas of San Diego typically experienced the greatest rainfall?
Answer: higher elevation areas
San_Diego

Like most of southern California, the majority of San Diego's current area was originally occupied by chaparral, a plant community made up mostly of drought-resistant shrubs. The endangered Torrey pine has the bulk of its population in San Diego in a stretch of protected chaparral along the coast. The steep and varied topography and proximity to the ocean create a number of different habitats within the city limits, including tidal marsh and canyons. The chaparral and coastal sage scrub habitats in low elevations along the coast are prone to wildfire, and the rates of fire have increased in the 20th century, due primarily to fires starting near the borders of urban and wild areas.

Question: What trees are protected along the coast of San Diego?
Answer: Torrey pine

Question: What drought-resistant shrub is San Diego known for?
Answer: chaparral

Question: Where can one find the most sage scrub in San Diego?
Answer: low elevations

Question: How is San Diego able to offer everything from tidal marsh to canyons?
Answer: The steep and varied topography and proximity to the ocean create a number of different habitats

Question: What disadvantage comes along with sage scrub habitats?
Answer: prone to wildfire
San_Diego

San Diego County has one of the highest counts of animal and plant species that appear on the endangered species list among counties in the United States. Because of its diversity of habitat and its position on the Pacific Flyway, San Diego County has recorded the presence of 492 bird species, more than any other region in the country. San Diego always scores very high in the number of bird species observed in the annual Christmas Bird Count, sponsored by the Audubon Society, and it is known as one of the "birdiest" areas in the United States.

Question: How many bird species have been observed in San Diego?
Answer: 492

Question: What birding event does the Audubon Society host every year?
Answer: Christmas Bird Count

Question: What is special about the animal and plant species found in San Diego?
Answer: highest counts of animal and plant species that appear on the endangered species list

Question: What word describes San Diego County due to the many birds residing there?
Answer: birdiest

Question: What flyway contributes to the diverse bird population in San Diego County?
Answer: Pacific Flyway
San_Diego

The city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area. They, along with the Riverside–San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census.

Question: In the top five largest urban areas in California, where does San Diego rank?
Answer: third-largest

Question: What area does Los Angeles and San Francisco merge with to form metropolitan areas larger than San Diego?
Answer: Riverside–San Bernardino

Question: What was the population of San Diego at the time of the 2010 census?
Answer: 1,307,402

Question: How many square miles does San Diego cover?
Answer: 372.1

Question: What is the population of San Diego's urgan area?
Answer: 2,956,746
San_Diego

As of the Census of 2010, there were 1,307,402 people living in the city of San Diego. That represents a population increase of just under 7% from the 1,223,400 people, 450,691 households, and 271,315 families reported in 2000. The estimated city population in 2009 was 1,306,300. The population density was 3,771.9 people per square mile (1,456.4/km2). The racial makeup of San Diego was 45.1% White, 6.7% African American, 0.6% Native American, 15.9% Asian (5.9% Filipino, 2.7% Chinese, 2.5% Vietnamese, 1.3% Indian, 1.0% Korean, 0.7% Japanese, 0.4% Laotian, 0.3% Cambodian, 0.1% Thai). 0.5% Pacific Islander (0.2% Guamanian, 0.1% Samoan, 0.1% Native Hawaiian), 12.3% from other races, and 5.1% from two or more races. The ethnic makeup of the city was 28.8% Hispanic or Latino (of any race); 24.9% of the total population were Mexican American, and 0.6% were Puerto Rican.

Question: What was the population density of San Diego in 2009?
Answer: 3,771.9 people per square mile (1,456.4/km2)

Question: What ethnicity made up 15.9.% of San Diego's population in 2009?
Answer: Asian

Question: In 2009, what percentage of the population was Hispanic?
Answer: 28.8%

Question: What was San Diego's population at the time of the 2010 census?
Answer: 1,307,402

Question: What was the population increase in San Diego from 2009 to 2010?
Answer: just under 7%
San_Diego

As of January 1, 2008 estimates by the San Diego Association of Governments revealed that the household median income for San Diego rose to $66,715, up from $45,733, and that the city population rose to 1,336,865, up 9.3% from 2000. The population was 45.3% non-Hispanic whites, down from 78.9% in 1970, 27.7% Hispanics, 15.6% Asians/Pacific Islanders, 7.1% blacks, 0.4% American Indians, and 3.9% from other races. Median age of Hispanics was 27.5 years, compared to 35.1 years overall and 41.6 years among non-Hispanic whites; Hispanics were the largest group in all ages under 18, and non-Hispanic whites constituted 63.1% of population 55 and older.

Question: In what year was the household median income in San Diego at $45,733?
Answer: 2000

Question: What was the median age of non-Hispanic whites in 2008?
Answer: 41.6

Question: What did the average salary increase to at the time of the 2008 census?
Answer: $66,715

Question: Of the population of individuals 55 and older, what percentage were non-Hispanic whites in 2008?
Answer: 63.1%

Question: In 2008, which racial group had the most individuals under the age of 18?
Answer: Hispanics
San_Diego

The U.S. Census Bureau reported that in 2000, 24.0% of San Diego residents were under 18, and 10.5% were 65 and over. As of 2011[update] the median age was 35.6; more than a quarter of residents were under age 20 and 11% were over age 65. Millennials (ages 18 through 34) constitute 27.1% of San Diego's population, the second-highest percentage in a major U.S. city. The San Diego County regional planning agency, SANDAG, provides tables and graphs breaking down the city population into 5-year age groups.

Question: What regional planning agency offers graphs and tables of census information for San Diego?
Answer: SANDAG

Question: What percentage of San Diego's population was under the age of 18 in 2000?
Answer: 24.0%

Question: Which age group accounted for 10.5% of the population in 2000?
Answer: 65 and over

Question: In what year was the median age of residents in San Diego 35.6?
Answer: 2011

Question: What percentage of the population in 2011 were millenials?
Answer: 27.1%
San_Diego

In 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $45,733, and the median income for a family was $53,060. Males had a median income of $36,984 versus $31,076 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,609. According to Forbes in 2005, San Diego was the fifth wealthiest U.S. city but about 10.6% of families and 14.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.0% of those under age 18 and 7.6% of those age 65 or over. Nonetheless, San Diego was rated the fifth-best place to live in the United States in 2006 by Money magazine.

Question: What percentage of the population fell below the poverty line in San Diego in 2005?
Answer: 14.6%

Question: What did Money magazine rate San Diego as being in 2006?
Answer: fifth-best place to live in the United States

Question: What magazine rated San Diego as being the country's fifth wealthiest city?
Answer: Forbes

Question: In 2000,  what was the median salary for females in San Diego?
Answer: $31,076

Question: What percentage of familes were below the poverty line in 2005?
Answer: 10.6%
San_Diego

Tourism is a major industry owing to the city's climate, its beaches, and numerous tourist attractions such as Balboa Park, Belmont amusement park, San Diego Zoo, San Diego Zoo Safari Park, and SeaWorld San Diego. San Diego's Spanish and Mexican heritage is reflected in the many historic sites across the city, such as Mission San Diego de Alcala and Old Town San Diego State Historic Park. Also, the local craft brewing industry attracts an increasing number of visitors for "beer tours" and the annual San Diego Beer Week in November; San Diego has been called "America's Craft Beer Capital."

Question: What type of tours attract a large number of visitors to San Diego?
Answer: beer tours

Question: What big event takes place in San Diego in November?
Answer: San Diego Beer Week

Question: What historical mission is a major tourist attraction in San Diego?
Answer: Mission San Diego de Alcala

Question: What popular park in San Diego is home to the San Diego Zoo, SeaWorld, and countless museums?
Answer: Balboa Park

Question: What nickname has the city  been given as a result of its extensive craft beer industry?
Answer: America's Craft Beer Capital
San_Diego

The city shares a 15-mile (24 km) border with Mexico that includes two border crossings. San Diego hosts the busiest international border crossing in the world, in the San Ysidro neighborhood at the San Ysidro Port of Entry. A second, primarily commercial border crossing operates in the Otay Mesa area; it is the largest commercial crossing on the California-Baja California border and handles the third-highest volume of trucks and dollar value of trade among all United States-Mexico land crossings.

Question: Where is San Diego's border crossing?
Answer: the San Ysidro neighborhood at the San Ysidro Port of Entry

Question: How long is the border that San Diego shares with Mexico?
Answer: 15-mile (24 km)

Question: What is the volumte of trucks handled at the Otay Mesa crossing?
Answer: the third-highest volume of trucks and dollar value of trade among all United States-Mexico land crossings.

Question: Where is the next nearest commercial crossing at the border?
Answer: Otay Mesa

Question: How many border crossings does San Diego share with Mexico?
Answer: two