nc33/MultiSpan_SQUAD huggingface dataset:
Queen_Victoria

Through Victoria's reign, the gradual establishment of a modern constitutional monarchy in Britain continued. Reforms of the voting system increased the power of the House of Commons at the expense of the House of Lords and the monarch. In 1867, Walter Bagehot wrote that the monarch only retained "the right to be consulted, the right to encourage, and the right to warn". As Victoria's monarchy became more symbolic than political, it placed a strong emphasis on morality and family values, in contrast to the sexual, financial and personal scandals that had been associated with previous members of the House of Hanover and which had discredited the monarchy. The concept of the "family monarchy", with which the burgeoning middle classes could identify, was solidified.

Question: What kind of monarchy was formed under Queen Victoria?
Answer: modern constitutional monarchy

Question: Reforms to what system increased the power of the house fo commons?
Answer: the voting system

Question: As Victorias rule became less polital, what values were emphasized?
Answer: morality and family values

Question: What type of monarchy was established as time went on in Victorias rule?
Answer: family monarchy

Question: How did the reforms of Britains voting system affect the House of Commons? 
Answer: increased the power

Question: What was most important as the monarchy under Queen Victoria shifted from political to symbolic? 
Answer: emphasis on morality and family values

Question: What idea was solidified to which the increasing middle classes in Britain could identify with?
Answer: family monarchy

Question: What was Queen Victoria's reign considered? 
Answer: modern constitutional monarchy

Question: What kind of government was Victoria's reign leaning towards?
Answer: modern constitutional monarchy

Question: What increased the power in the House of Commons?
Answer: Reforms of the voting system

Question: Who paid the price for the reforms of the voting system?
Answer: House of Lords and the monarch

Question: Rather than political, what was Victoria's monarchy seen as?
Answer: symbolic

Question: What was a monarchy that the more middle clas could get behind and support?
Answer: family
Queen_Victoria

Victoria was pleased when Gladstone resigned in 1885 after his budget was defeated. She thought his government was "the worst I have ever had", and blamed him for the death of General Gordon at Khartoum. Gladstone was replaced by Lord Salisbury. Salisbury's government only lasted a few months, however, and Victoria was forced to recall Gladstone, whom she referred to as a "half crazy & really in many ways ridiculous old man". Gladstone attempted to pass a bill granting Ireland home rule, but to Victoria's glee it was defeated. In the ensuing election, Gladstone's party lost to Salisbury's and the government switched hands again.

Question: What year did Gladstone resign?
Answer: 1885

Question: Gladstone resigned after what was defeted?
Answer: his budget

Question: Victoria blamed Gladstone for the death of who?
Answer: General Gordon at Khartoum.

Question: Who replaced Gladstone after he resigned?
Answer: Lord Salisbury

Question: How long did Lord Salisburys government last?
Answer: a few months

Question: What man was Gladstone blamed for after his death at Khartoum?
Answer: General Gordon

Question: Who replaced Gladstone for only a few short months? 
Answer: Lord Salisbury

Question: What did the bill Gladstone failed to pass state, much to Queen Victoria's pleasure? 
Answer: granting Ireland home rule

Question: Who defeated Gladstone yet again in the general elction?
Answer: Salisbury

Question: Why did Gladstone resign in 1885? 
Answer: his budget was defeated

Question: When did Gladstone resign?
Answer: 1885

Question: Why did Gladstone resign?
Answer: his budget was defeated

Question: How did Victoria feel about the resignation of Gladstone?
Answer: pleased

Question: Who's death did Victoria blame on Gladstone?
Answer: General Gordon

Question: Who replaced Gladstone?
Answer: Lord Salisbury
Queen_Victoria

According to one of her biographers, Giles St Aubyn, Victoria wrote an average of 2,500 words a day during her adult life. From July 1832 until just before her death, she kept a detailed journal, which eventually encompassed 122 volumes. After Victoria's death, her youngest daughter, Princess Beatrice, was appointed her literary executor. Beatrice transcribed and edited the diaries covering Victoria's accession onwards, and burned the originals in the process. Despite this destruction, much of the diaries still exist. In addition to Beatrice's edited copy, Lord Esher transcribed the volumes from 1832 to 1861 before Beatrice destroyed them. Part of Victoria's extensive correspondence has been published in volumes edited by A. C. Benson, Hector Bolitho, George Earle Buckle, Lord Esher, Roger Fulford, and Richard Hough among others.

Question: How many words a day did Victoria write?
Answer: average of 2,500

Question: What year did Victoria begin keeping a journal?
Answer: 1832

Question: How many volumes was Queen Victorias journal?
Answer: 122

Question: Who was Victorias youngest daughter?
Answer: Princess Beatrice

Question: What did Beatrice do to her mothers diaries after her death?
Answer: transcribed and edited

Question: How many journals did Queen Victoria write in her lifetime?
Answer: 122

Question: What did Beatrice do with the journals after she transcribed and edited them? 
Answer: burned the originals

Question: Who was appointed as Queen Victoria's literary executor upon her death? 
Answer: Princess Beatrice

Question: Who transcribed Queen Victoria's journals from 1832 to 1861? 
Answer: Lord Esher

Question: What biographer said Queen Victoria wrote an average of 2500 words a day in her journals?
Answer: Giles St Aubyn

Question: How avid of a writer was the Queen?
Answer: Victoria wrote an average of 2,500 words a day

Question: How many volumes did her journal span?
Answer: 122 volumes

Question: What did Beatrice do with her mother's journals?
Answer: transcribed and edited

Question: Who was Victoria's literary executer?
Answer: her youngest daughter, Princess Beatrice

Question: What did Beatrice do with the origional volumes of her mother's diaries?
Answer: burned
Hellenistic_period

The Hellenistic period covers the period of ancient Greek (Hellenic) history and Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year. At this time, Greek cultural influence and power was at its peak in Europe, Africa and Asia, experiencing prosperity and progress in the arts, exploration, literature, theatre, architecture, music, mathematics, philosophy, and science. For example, competitive public games took place, ideas in biology, and popular entertainment in theaters. It is often considered a period of transition, sometimes even of decadence or degeneration, compared to the enlightenment of the Greek Classical era. The Hellenistic period saw the rise of New Comedy, Alexandrian poetry, the Septuagint and the philosophies of Stoicism and Epicureanism. Greek Science was advanced by the works of the mathematician Euclid and the polymath Archimedes. The religious sphere expanded to include new gods such as the Greco-Egyptian Serapis, eastern deities such as Attis and Cybele and the Greek adoption of Buddhism.

Question: What mathematician advance Greek Science?
Answer: Greek Science

Question: What period saw the rise of New Comedy?
Answer: Hellenistic

Question: When was the Battle of Actium?
Answer: 31 BC

Question: When did Alexander the Great die?
Answer: 323 BC

Question: What period saw the rise of the Septuagint?
Answer: Hellenistic

Question: dd
Answer: yptian Se

Question: dd
Answer: Buddh

Question: dd
Answer: m and E

Question: dd
Answer: Buddhism

Question: d
Answer: the Gre

Question: What ruler's death in 323 BC marks the beginning of the Hellenistic period?
Answer: Alexander the Great

Question: In what year did the Battle of Actium take place?
Answer: 31 BC

Question: What kingdom did the Romans take over the year after the Battle of Actium?
Answer: Ptolemaic Egypt

Question: What type of poetry debuted in the Hellenistic period?
Answer: Alexandrian poetry

Question: What ancient religion did Greece embrace during the Hellenistic period?
Answer: Buddhism

Question: What signified the emergence of the Roman Empire?
Answer: Battle of Actium

Question: What event is the recognized beginning of the Hellenistic Period?
Answer: death of Alexander the Great

Question: Who advanced Greek Science?
Answer: the mathematician Euclid and the polymath Archimedes
Hellenistic_period

After Alexander the Great's ventures in the Persian Empire, Hellenistic kingdoms were established throughout south-west Asia (Seleucid Empire, Kingdom of Pergamon), north-east Africa (Ptolemaic Kingdom) and South Asia (Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, Indo-Greek Kingdom). This resulted in the export of Greek culture and language to these new realms through Greco-Macedonian colonization, spanning as far as modern-day Pakistan. Equally, however, these new kingdoms were influenced by the indigenous cultures, adopting local practices where beneficial, necessary, or convenient. Hellenistic culture thus represents a fusion of the Ancient Greek world with that of the Near East, Middle East, and Southwest Asia, and a departure from earlier Greek attitudes towards "barbarian" cultures. The Hellenistic period was characterized by a new wave of Greek colonization (as distinguished from that occurring in the 8th–6th centuries BC) which established Greek cities and kingdoms in Asia and Africa. Those new cities were composed of Greek colonists who came from different parts of the Greek world, and not, as before, from a specific "mother city". The main cultural centers expanded from mainland Greece to Pergamon, Rhodes, and new Greek colonies such as Seleucia, Antioch, Alexandria and Ai-Khanoum. This mixture of Greek-speakers gave birth to a common Attic-based dialect, known as Koine Greek, which became the lingua franca through the Hellenistic world.

Question: What is a common Attic-based dialect?
Answer: Koine Greek

Question: Where is the Ptolemaic Kingdom?
Answer: north-east Africa

Question: Where is the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom?
Answer: South Asia

Question: Where is the Indo-Greek Kingdom?
Answer: South Asia

Question: Where is the Kingdom of Pergamon?
Answer: south-west Asia

Question: Where was the Ptolemaic Kingdom located?
Answer: north-east Africa

Question: Alexander the Great was the emperor of what?
Answer: Persian Empire

Question: The Hellenistic Period expanded the Greek Empire into what 2 continents?
Answer: Asia and Africa

Question: What was the new, Attic-based dialect called?
Answer: Koine Greek
Hellenistic_period

Scholars and historians are divided as to what event signals the end of the Hellenistic era. The Hellenistic period may be seen to end either with the final conquest of the Greek heartlands by Rome in 146 BC following the Achean War, with the final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, or even the move by Roman emperor Constantine the Great of the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople in 330 AD. "Hellenistic" is distinguished from "Hellenic" in that the first encompasses the entire sphere of direct ancient Greek influence, while the latter refers to Greece itself.

Question: When was the final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom?
Answer: 31 BC

Question: Who was the Roman emporer?
Answer: Constantine the Great

Question: Where did the Roman Empire move to in 330 AD?
Answer: Constantinople

Question: What term defines the influence of Greek culture?
Answer: Hellenistic

Question: When did the capital of the Roman Empire move to Constantinople?
Answer: 330 AD

Question: Which era refers primarily to just Greece?
Answer: Hellenic

Question: Who moved the Roman Empire capital in 330 AD?
Answer: Constantine

Question: Rome's final conquest of Greek lands followed which war?
Answer: Achean War

Question: What is the period called that comprises all Greek influence?
Answer: Hellenistic
Hellenistic_period

"Hellenistic" is a modern word and a 19th-century concept; the idea of a Hellenistic period did not exist in Ancient Greece. Although words related in form or meaning, e.g. Hellenist (Ancient Greek: Ἑλληνιστής, Hellēnistēs), have been attested since ancient times, it was J. G. Droysen in the mid-19th century, who in his classic work Geschichte des Hellenismus, i.e. History of Hellenism, coined the term Hellenistic to refer to and define the period when Greek culture spread in the non-Greek world after Alexander’s conquest. Following Droysen, Hellenistic and related terms, e.g. Hellenism, have been widely used in various contexts; a notable such use is in Culture and Anarchy by Matthew Arnold, where Hellenism is used in contrast with Hebraism.

Question: Who wrote Geschichte des Hellenismus?
Answer: J. G. Droysen

Question: What does Geschichte des Hellenismus mean?
Answer: History of Hellenism

Question: Who wrote Culture and Anarchy?
Answer: Matthew Arnold

Question: What century did Hellenistic become a concept?
Answer: 19th

Question: In Culture and Anarchy, Hebraism is contrasted with what?
Answer: Hellenism

Question: The word "Hellenistic" was derived in what time period?
Answer: 19th-century

Question: Who coined the term "Hellenistic?"
Answer: J. G. Droysen

Question: What was Droysen's work called that explained the era?
Answer: Geschichte des Hellenismus

Question: Who wrote Culture and Anarchy?
Answer: Matthew Arnold

Question: Hellenism contrasts with what other similar concept of era?
Answer: Hebraism
Hellenistic_period

The major issue with the term Hellenistic lies in its convenience, as the spread of Greek culture was not the generalized phenomenon that the term implies. Some areas of the conquered world were more affected by Greek influences than others. The term Hellenistic also implies that the Greek populations were of majority in the areas in which they settled, while in many cases, the Greek settlers were actually the minority among the native populations. The Greek population and the native population did not always mix; the Greeks moved and brought their own culture, but interaction did not always occur.

Question: How much of the conquered world was affected by Greek influences?
Answer: Some

Question: How often did Greek population and natives mix?
Answer: not always

Question: What term implies that Greek populations were a majority in the regions they settled?
Answer: Hellenistic

Question: I couldn't could up with another question. But i need to fill this space because I can't submit the hit. 
Answer: moved
Hellenistic_period

Sparta remained independent, but it was no longer the leading military power in the Peloponnese. The Spartan king Cleomenes III (235–222 BCE) staged a military coup against the conservative ephors and pushed through radical social and land reforms in order to increase the size of the shrinking Spartan citizenry able to provide military service and restore Spartan power. Sparta's bid for supremacy was crushed at the Battle of Sellasia (222) by the Achaean league and Macedon, who restored the power of the ephors.

Question: What years did Cleomenes III rule?
Answer: 235–222 BCE

Question: In 222 BCE, Sparta lost what Battle?
Answer: Battle of Sellasia

Question: Who was defeated at the Battle of Sellasia?
Answer: Sparta

Question: What was Sparta's afilliation in the Peloponnese?
Answer: independent

Question: I couldn't could up with another question. But i need to fill this space because I can't submit the hit. 
Answer: refor
Hellenistic_period

One of the few city states who managed to maintain full independence from the control of any Hellenistic kingdom was Rhodes. With a skilled navy to protect its trade fleets from pirates and an ideal strategic position covering the routes from the east into the Aegean, Rhodes prospered during the Hellenistic period. It became a center of culture and commerce, its coins were widely circulated and its philosophical schools became one of the best in the mediterranean. After holding out for one year under siege by Demetrius Poliorcetes (304-305 BCE), the Rhodians built the Colossus of Rhodes to commemorate their victory. They retained their independence by the maintenance of a powerful navy, by maintaining a carefully neutral posture and acting to preserve the balance of power between the major Hellenistic kingdoms.

Question: What did Rhodians build to commemorate their victory over Demetrius Poliorcetes?
Answer: Colossus of Rhodes

Question: What period did Rhodes prosper?
Answer: Hellenistic

Question: What military force helped Rhodes maintain their independence?
Answer: navy

Question: What years were Rhodes under attack by Demetrius Poliorcetes?
Answer: 304-305 BCE

Question: I couldn't could up with another question. But i need to fill this space because I can't submit the hit. 
Answer: tes (3
Hellenistic_period

Southern Italy (Magna Graecia) and south-eastern Sicily had been colonized by the Greeks during the 8th century. In 4th century Sicily the leading Greek city and hegemon was Syracuse. During the Hellenistic period the leading figure in Sicily was Agathocles of Syracuse (361 – 289 BCE) who seized the city with an army of mercenaries in 317 BCE. Agathocles extended his power throughout most of the Greek cities in Sicily, fought a long war with the Carthaginians, at one point invading Tunisia in 310 and defeating a Carthaginian army there. This was the first time a European force had invaded the region. After this war he controlled most of south-east Sicily and had himself proclaimed king, in imitation of the Hellenistic monarchs of the east. Agathocles then invaded Italy (c. 300 BCE) in defense of Tarentum against the Bruttians and Romans, but was unsuccessful.

Question: What was Southern Italy refered to as?
Answer: Magna Graecia

Question: Southern Italy and south-eastern Sicily were colonized by the Greeks in what century?
Answer: 8th

Question: In 310 Agathocles invaded Tunisia and defeated what army?
Answer: Carthaginian

Question: Who was the leading figure in Sicily during the Hellenistic period?
Answer: Agathocles of Syracuse

Question: In defense of Tarentum, when did Agathocles attack Italy?
Answer: 300 BCE
Hellenistic_period

During the Hellenistic period, Judea became a frontier region between the Seleucid Empire and Ptolemaic Egypt and therefore was often the frontline of the Syrian wars, changing hands several times during these conflicts. Under the Hellenistic kingdoms, Judea was ruled by the hereditary office of the High Priest of Israel as a Hellenistic vassal. This period also saw the rise of a Hellenistic Judaism, which first developed in the Jewish diaspora of Alexandria and Antioch, and then spread to Judea. The major literary product of this cultural syncretism is the Septuagint translation of the Hebrew Bible from Biblical Hebrew and Biblical Aramaic to Koiné Greek. The reason for the production of this translation seems to be that many of the Alexandrian Jews had lost the ability to speak Hebrew and Aramaic.

Question: What are was in between the Seleucid Empire and Ptolemaic Egypt during Hellenistic times?
Answer: Judea

Question: What religion rose in Judea durring the Hellenistic period?
Answer: Judaism

Question: Hellenistic Judaism was developed in Alexandria and what other region?
Answer: Antioch

Question: Judea was ruled by whom during the Hellenistic period?
Answer: High Priest of Israel

Question: I couldn't could up with another question. But i need to fill this space because I can't submit the hit. 
Answer: y of
Hellenistic_period

After the death of Menander (c. 130 BC), the Kingdom appears to have fragmented, with several 'kings' attested contemporaneously in different regions. This inevitably weakened the Greek position, and territory seems to have been lost progressively. Around 70 BC, the western regions of Arachosia and Paropamisadae were lost to tribal invasions, presumably by those tribes responsible for the end of the Bactrian kingdom. The resulting Indo-Scythian kingdom seems to have gradually pushed the remaining Indo-Greek kingdom towards the east. The Indo-Greek kingdom appears to have lingered on in western Punjab until about 10 AD when finally ended by the Indo-Scythians.

Question: When did Menander die?
Answer: 130 BC

Question: What kingdom forced the Indo-Greek kingdom to the east?
Answer: Indo-Scythian

Question: Around 70 BC, Arachosia and what other region where taken over by tribal invasion?
Answer: Paropamisadae

Question: I couldn't could up with another question. But i need to fill this space because I can't submit the hit. 
Answer: dom. The resulting Indo-Scythian kingdom seems to have gradually pushed the remaining Indo-Greek

Question: I couldn't could up with another question. But i need to fill this space because I can't submit the hit. 
Answer: in
Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation

On June 25, 2006, Warren Buffett (then the world's richest person, estimated worth of US$62 billion as of April 16, 2008) pledged to give the foundation approximately 10 million Berkshire Hathaway Class B shares spread over multiple years through annual contributions, with the first year's donation of 500,000 shares being worth approximately US$1.5 billion. Buffett set conditions so that these contributions do not simply increase the foundation's endowment, but effectively work as a matching contribution, doubling the Foundation's annual giving: "Buffett's gift came with three conditions for the Gates foundation: Bill or Melinda Gates must be alive and active in its administration; it must continue to qualify as a charity; and each year it must give away an amount equal to the previous year's Berkshire gift, plus an additional amount equal to 5 percent of net assets. Buffett gave the foundation two years to abide by the third requirement." The Gates Foundation received 5% (500,000) of the shares in July 2006 and will receive 5% of the remaining earmarked shares in the July of each following year (475,000 in 2007, 451,250 in 2008). In July 2013, Buffet announced another donation of his company's Class B, this time in the amount worth $2 billion, is going to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

Question: What was warren Buffett's estimated net worth in 2008 
Answer: Warren Buffett (then the world's richest person, estimated worth of US$62 billion as of April 16, 2008)

Question: How many shares of berkshire hathway was pledged as a donation 
Answer: pledged to give the foundation approximately 10 million Berkshire Hathaway Class B shares

Question: In 2013 Buffett announced another donation to the foundation for how much 
Answer: In July 2013, Buffet announced another donation of his company's Class B, this time in the amount worth $2 billion
Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation

In November 2014, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation announced that they are adopting an open access (OA) policy for publications and data, "to enable the unrestricted access and reuse of all peer-reviewed published research funded by the foundation, including any underlying data sets". This move has been widely applauded by those who are working in the area of capacity building and knowledge sharing.[citation needed] Its terms have been called the most stringent among similar OA policies. As of January 1, 2015 their Open Access policy is effective for all new agreements.

Question: What did the foundation announce in November 2014
Answer: In November 2014, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation announced that they are adopting an open access (OA) policy for publications and data

Question: What does the OA policy for publications and data do ?
Answer: open access (OA) policy for publications and data, "to enable the unrestricted access and reuse of all peer-reviewed published research funded by the foundation

Question: What does the OA policy cover ?
Answer: As of January 1, 2015 their Open Access policy is effective for all new agreements.