ថៃសម័យបុរេប្រវត្តិ: ១០០០០ - ៤០០០ ឆ្នាំកន្លងទៅ: សម័យថ្មរំលីង

១០០០០ - ៤០០០ ឆ្នាំកន្លងទៅ: សម័យថ្មរំលីង

យុគថ្មថ្មី
The Neolithic or "New" Stone Age was a period in the development of human technology that is traditionally the last part of the Stone Age. The Neolithic era follows the terminal Holocene Epipalaeolithic periods, beginning with the rise of farming, which produced the "Neolithic Revolution" and ending when metal tools became widespread in the Copper Age (chalcolithic) or Bronze Age or developing directly into the Iron Age, depending on geographical region. At the Khao Toh Chong rockshelter in Krabi archaeologists have found evidence of a change in diet leading up to domestication due to changes in sea levels.

Recent archaeological excavations suggests that domesticated rice was introduced to central Thailand by immigrating rice farming societies about 4000 B.P.Higham, C.F.W. and T. Higham. 2009. A New chronological framework for prehistoric Southeast Asia based on a Bayesian model from Ban Non Wat. Antiquity 83: 125-144.

ការផ្សាំងសត្វ
Neolithic culture appeared in many parts of Thailand, Mae Hong Son, Kanchanaburi, Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani about 9000 BCE. People pioneered wild cereal use, which then evolved into true farming. 
For peninsular Thailand evidence of rice agriculture exists from 2500 - 2200 B.P.Stargardt, J. 1983. Satingpra I: The Environmental and Economic Archaeology of South Thailand. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports (BAR) in association with ISEAS, Singapore However, the possibility of an early presence of rice agriculture in southern-peninsular Thailand has recently been discussed by scholars 

Early Neolithic farming was limited to a narrow range of crops, both wild and domesticated, which included betel, bean, pea, nut, pepper, cucumberGorman C. (1971) The Hoabinhian and After: Subsistence Patterns in Southeast Asia during the Late Pleistocene and Early Recent Periods. World Archaeology 2: 300-320 and domesticated cattle and pigs. The establishment of permanently or seasonally inhabited settlements, and the use of pottery. 
In Southeast Asia, the independent domestication events led to their own regionally-distinctive Neolithic cultures which arose completely independent of those in other parts of the world.

តំណាំងលំនៅសម័យថ្មរំលីងនៅប្រទេសថៃ
thumb|View of the Khwae Noi River.

 Spirit Cave
Spirit Cave () is an archaeological site in Pang Mapha District, Mae Hong Son Province, northwestern Thailand. It was occupied from 9000 to 5500 BCE by Hoabinhian hunter-gatherers from North Vietnam. The site is at an elevation of 650 m. above sea level on a hillside overlooking the Salween River.

 Lang Kamnan Cave
Lang Kamnan Cave is an archaeological site in Muang District, Kanchanaburi Province, and is on a limestone upland, facing northeast and 110 m above sea level. The cave is about 4 km from the Khwae Noi River. By analysing the faunal remains in the cave, the cave is believed to be one of the many temporary camps of the seasonally mobile hunter-gatherers. It was occupied from Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene.Shoocongdej, R. 2010. Subsistence-Settlement Organisation During the Late Pleistocene - Early Holocene: the Case of Lang Kamnan Cave, Western Thailand. In: B Bellina, EA Bacus and TO Pryce (eds). 50 Years of Archaeology in Southeast Asia: Essays in Honour of Ian Glover. River Book, Bangkok. pp.51-66.

 Wang Bhodi
Wang Bhodi () is an archaeological site in Sai Yok District, Kanchanaburi Province, western Thailand. Dating from 4500 to 3000 BCE.   Since World War II, many stone tools have been found in the caves and along the rivers in this region.

 Ban Chiang
thumb|Ban Chaing. Prehistory
Ban Chiang () is an archaeological site in Nong Han District, Udon Thani Province. Dating of the artefacts using the thermoluminescence technique resulted in 4420-3400 BCE dates. The oldest graves found contain no bronze and are therefore from a Neolithic culture, the most recent ones are from the Iron Age.Charles Higham (archaeologist)|Higham, Charles, Prehistoric Thailand, , pp.84-88.

 Khok Phanom Di
Khok Phanom Di is in southeast Thailand near the flood plain of the Bang Pakong River in Chonburi Province. This site was populated from 2000-1500 BCE. Seven mortuary phases were identified in the excavation, including 154 graves, yielding abundant archaeological remains, such as fish, crab, hearths, post holes, and the burials of adults and infants.Halcrow, S., Tayles, N., Inglis, R., Higham, C., Carver, M. (2012). Newborn twins from prehistoric mainland Southeast Asia: birth, death and personhood.Antiquity, 86(333). By analysing the change in mortuary practices and the isotopes of strontium, carbon, and oxygen found within dental remains, archaeologists have examined the possibility of integration between an inland agriculture with the coastal hunter-gathers of Khok Phanom Di. The isotopic studies showed that in earlier phases, the female inhabitants in the site were immigrants from both inland and coastal areas, while males were raised locally. The localisation of the immigrants occurred during phase 4 and later, with rice growing increased in the same period.

 Khao Rakian
Khao Rakian is in Rhattaphum District, Songkhla Province, peninsular Thailand. The cave was excavated in 1986 by the Fine Arts Department and revealed Neolithic ceramics, stone tools, and human skeletal remains.