natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
I V ฀ 4 H E Y ฀ MUST฀ INVOLVE฀ THE฀APPOINTMENT฀OF฀ A฀ LIQUIDATOR฀ OR฀ E Q U I V AL ENT฀ lG U RE ฀ SEE฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ OF฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ 4HIS฀ RE Q U I RE MENT฀ IS฀ A฀ C O R O L L A R Y ฀OF฀THE฀ PREVIOUS฀ ONE฀ DI V E S T MENT฀ MUST฀ E N T A I L ฀ THE฀APPOINTMENT฀OF฀ A฀ LIQUIDATOR฀ 4HE฀ REGULATION฀ U S E S ฀ A฀ VERY฀ B R O A D ฀DE l N I TION฀OF฀ @ LIQUIDATOR฀ ANY฀ PER S ON฀ OR฀ BO D Y ฀ WHOSE฀ FUNCTION฀ IS฀ TO฀ A D M INI S T E R ฀ OR฀ L I Q U I D A T E ฀ ASSETS฀OF฀WHICH฀THE฀DEBTOR฀HAS฀BEEN฀DIVESTED฀OR฀TO฀SUPERVISE฀THE฀AD M INI S T R A TION฀OF฀ HIS฀ AF F A I R S ฀ !RTICLE฀ B
฀ $E ฀ SKALL฀ IN N E B� R A ฀ ATT฀ EN฀ F � R V A L TA RE ฀ ELLER฀MOTSVARANDE฀ PERSON฀ UT SES฀ SE฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ I฀ F � R ORDNINGEN฀ $ETTA฀ SISTA฀ VILLKOR฀ � R ฀ EN฀ F � L J D ฀ AV฀ DET฀ F � REG � ENDE฀ D VS ฀ BE R �V AN DET฀ AV฀ R �D I G HETEN฀ B� R ฀ LEDA฀ TILL฀ ATT฀ EN฀ F � R V A L TA RE ฀ UT SES฀ )฀ F � R ORDNINGEN฀ G � R S ฀ EN฀ MYCKET฀ VID฀ TOLKNING฀ AV฀ BE T E C K NINGEN฀ v F � R V A L TA R Ev ฀ N� M LIGEN฀ VARJE฀ PERSON฀ ELLER฀ IN S T I TU TION฀ SOM฀HAR฀ TILL฀ UP PG I FT ฀ ATT฀ F � R V A L TA฀ ELLER฀ RE A L I SE R A ฀ DE฀ TILL G � N G A R ฀ �V E R ฀ VILKA฀ G � L DEN � R EN฀ BE R �V A TffS ฀ SIN฀ R �D I G H ET ฀ ELLER฀ ATT฀ �V E R V A K A ฀ DENNES฀ ANGE L � GEN HETER฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ B
฀ ( O W E V E R ฀ FOR฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ TO฀ APPLY฀ IT฀ IS฀NOT฀ SUFlCIENT฀ FOR฀ NATIONAL฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ TO฀ S A T I S F Y ฀ THESE฀ F O U R ฀ CONDITIONS฀ G E N E R I C AL L Y ฀ !RTICLE฀ A฀ AND฀ C ฀ REQUIRES฀THE฀PROCEEDINGS฀IN฀QUESTION฀TO฀BE฀EXPRESSLY฀INCLUDED฀IN฀!NNEXES฀ ! ฀ AND฀ " ฀ TO฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ / N C E ฀ THE฀PROCEEDINGS ฀ HAVE฀ BEEN฀ INCLUDED฀ IN฀ THESE฀ AN N E X E S ฀ THERE฀ IS฀ NO฀ FURTHER฀ C H E C K ฀ THAT฀ THEY฀ S A T I S F Y ฀ THE฀ ABOVE M E N TIONED฀CONDITIONS�฀THEIR฀MERE฀PRESENCE฀ON฀THE฀LIST฀OF฀NATIONAL฀PROCEEDINGS฀ INCLUDED฀ IS฀ SUFlCIENT฀ FOR฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ TO฀BE฀ A P P L I C A B L E
฀ & � R ฀ ATT฀ F � R ORDNINGEN฀ SKALL฀ KUNNA฀ TILL � M PAS฀ � R ฀ DET฀ EMELLERTID฀ INTE฀ TILL R � C K LIGT฀ ATT฀DET฀NATIONELLA฀ F � R F A R AN DET฀ ALL M � N T ฀ UPPFYLLER฀ DESSA฀ FYRA ฀ VILLKOR฀ )฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ A ฀ OCH฀ ฀ C ฀ F � RE SKRIVS฀ ATT฀ F � R F A R AN DET฀ I฀ F R � G A ฀ UTTRYCKLIG EN฀ SKALL฀ HA฀ ANGETTS฀ I฀BILAGORNA฀!฀OCH฀"฀TILL฀ F � R ORDNINGEN฀ .� R ฀ F � R F A RANDENA฀ HAR฀ IN F � R TffS ฀ I฀ B I LAG O R N A ฀ G � R S ฀ INGEN ฀ YTTERLIGARE฀ KONTROLL฀ AV฀ ATT฀ DE฀ UPPFYLLER฀ DE฀ OVAN N� M N D A ฀ VILLKOREN ฀ $ET฀ R � C K E R ฀ ATT฀ DE฀ lNNS MED BLAND DE ANGIVNA NATIONELLA฀ F � R F A RANDENA฀ F � R ฀ ATT฀ F � R ORDNINGEN฀ SKALL฀ VARA฀ TILL � M P L I G 7.
฀ 4HE฀ REGULATION฀ DOES฀ NOT฀ L A Y ฀ DOWN฀ ANY฀ RE S T R I C T I O N S ฀ BASED฀ ON฀ THE฀ D E BT O R S ฀ NATURE฀ 4 H E Y ฀MAY฀BE฀ N A T U R AL ฀ OR฀ LEGAL฀ PER S O N S ฀ INDE P E N D E N T L Y ฀OF฀THE฀ FORM฀ TAKEN฀ BY฀ THE฀ BO D Y ฀ OR฀ A S S O C I A TION฀ OR฀ LEGAL฀ E N T I T I E S ฀ WITHOUT฀ PER S O N AL I T Y ฀ AND฀ S EP A R A T E ฀ ASSETS฀ AS฀ LONG฀ AS฀ UNDER฀ THE฀ APPLICABLE฀ NATIONAL฀ LAW฀ THEY฀ CAN฀ BE฀ THE฀ SUBJECT฀ OF฀ INSOLVENCY฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ 4HE฀ REGULATION฀ ALSO฀ APPLIES฀ INDE P E N D E N T L Y ฀OF฀THE฀ PER S O N AL ฀ STATUS฀ OF฀ THE฀ D E BT OR฀ WHETHER฀ H E ฀ IS฀ A฀ T R A D E R ฀ OR฀ NON T R A D E R ฀ PRO F E S SIONAL฀ OR฀ CON S U M E R ฀ E T C
฀ )฀ F � R ORDNINGEN฀ FAST S T� L L S ฀ INGA฀ BE G R � NffS NINGAR฀ SOM฀GRUNDAR฀ SIG ฀ P � ฀ VILKEN฀ TYP฀ AV฀ G � L DEN � R ฀ DET฀ G � L L E R ฀ '� L DEN � RE R N A ฀ KAN฀ VARA฀ FYSISKA฀ELLER฀ JURIDISKA฀ PERSONER฀ OAVSETT฀ VILKEN฀ SAMMANSLUTNINGSFORM฀DE฀ AN TAR฀ R � T TffS L I G A ฀ ORGAN฀
฀ 4HE฀ REGULATION฀ DOES฀ NOT฀ APPLY฀ TO฀ IN S U R ANCE฀ UNDERTAKINGS฀ CREDIT฀ IN S T I T U T I O N S ฀ INVESTMENT฀ UNDERTAKINGS฀ WHICH฀ PROVIDE฀ SERVICES฀ INVOLVING฀ THE฀ H O L D ING฀ OF฀ FUNDS฀ OR฀ SECURITIES฀ FOR฀ THIRD฀ PARTIES฀ OR฀ TO฀ COLLECTIVE฀ INVESTMENT฀ UNDERTAKINGS฀ 4HESE฀ UNDERTAKINGS฀ ARE฀ GOVERNED฀BY฀ SPECIlC฀ REGULATIONS฀ SEE฀ 3ECTION฀ ฀ ABOVE
฀ )฀ F � R O R D N INGEN S ฀ TILL � M PN IN G SOM R � DE฀ IN G � R ฀ INTE฀ K RE D I T IN S T I T UT ฀ F � R S � K R IN G S F � RE TAG฀ OCH฀ IN V EffS T M EN TF � RE TAG฀ SOM฀ TILL HAND A H � L L E R ฀ TJ � NffS T E R ฀ SOM฀ IN BE G R I P E R ฀ IN N E H AV฀ AV฀ P EN N IN G MEDEL ฀ ELLER฀ �V E R L � T BARA ฀ V � R DE P A P P E R ฀ F � R ฀ TREDJE฀ MAN S ฀ R � K NING฀ E J ฀ HELLER฀ F � RE TAG฀ F � R ฀ K O L L E K T I V A ฀ IN V EffS T E R IN G A R ฀ 3 �D AN A ฀ ORGAN฀ OMFATTAS฀ AV฀ S � R SKILDA฀ BE S T� M M E L SE R ฀ SE฀ IN L E D N INGEN
The main proceedings
Huvudfûrfarande
฀ )N฀ACCORDANCE฀WITH฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ OF฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ THE฀COURTS฀OF฀ THE฀ -EMBER฀3TATE฀ WITHIN฀ THE฀ TERRITORY฀ OF฀ WHICH฀ THE฀ C E N T RE ฀ OF฀ A ฀DE BT O R S ฀ MAIN฀ INTERESTS฀ IS฀SITUATED฀ SHALL฀ HAVE฀ JURISDICTION฀ TO฀ OPEN฀ INSOLVENCY฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ 4HESE฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ ARE฀ KNOWN฀ AS฀ THE฀MAIN฀PROCEEDINGS฀ AND฀ THEY฀ HAVE฀ U N I V E R S AL ฀ SCOPE฀ 4HIS฀ M E AN S ฀ THAT฀ THEY฀ A I M ฀ AT฀ E N C O M P A S S ING฀ ALL฀ THE฀ D E BT O R S ฀ ASSETS฀ AND฀ AT฀ AF F E C TING฀ ALL฀ CREDITORS฀ W H A T E V E R ฀ THEIR฀ L O C A TION฀ ON฀ A฀ W O R L D W I D E ฀ B A S IS฀ AND฀ NOT฀ JU S T ฀ ON฀ A฀ #OMMUNITY฀ B A S IS฀ )T฀ IS฀ IMPORTANT฀ TO฀ PO IN T ฀ OUT฀ THAT฀THE฀REGULATION฀DOES฀NOT฀RESTRICT฀THE฀INTERNATIONAL฀JURISDICTION฀OF฀THE฀ COURTS฀ OF฀ THE฀CENTRE฀OF฀MAIN฀ INTERESTS฀ TO฀ THE฀ %UROPEAN฀ SPHERE฀ N OR฀ DOES฀ IT฀ L E A V E ฀ THIS฀ M A T T E R ฀ TO฀ NATIONAL฀ LAW฀ /F ฀ C O U R S E ฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ CAN฀ ONLY฀ G U A R AN T E E ฀ U N I V E R S AL ฀ SCOPE฀ WITHIN฀ THE฀ %UROPEAN฀#OMMUNITY฀ A RE A฀ / U T S I D E ฀ THE฀#OMMUNITY฀ THIS฀ U N I V E R S AL ฀ SCOPE฀ D EP E N DfiS ฀ ON฀ THE฀ E X I S T E N C E ฀ OF฀ A฀ T RE A T Y ฀ WITH฀ THE฀3TATE฀ OR฀ 3TATES฀ IN฀ QUESTION฀ AND฀ ON฀ WHETHER฀ THE฀ LEGAL฀ SYSTEM฀OF฀ SUCH฀ 3TATE฀ OR฀ 3TATES฀ ALLOWS฀ I T
฀ )฀ ENLIGHET฀MED฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ I฀ F � R ORDNINGEN฀ HAR฀ DOMSTOLARNA฀ I฀DEN฀MEDLEMSSTAT฀ INOM฀ VARS฀ TERRITORIUM฀ PLATSEN฀ F � R ฀ G � L DEN � R ENS ฀ HUVUDSAKLIGA฀ INTRESSEN฀lNNS BE H � R I G H ET ATT INLEDA ETT INSOL V ENS F � R F A R AN DE %TT S �D AN TF � R F A RANDE฀ BE T E C K NAS฀ vHUVUD F � R F A R AN D Ev ฀ OCH฀ HAR฀ ALL M � N ฀ R � C K VID D ฀ $ET฀ IN N E B� R ฀ ATT฀DET฀ AVSER฀ ATT฀ OMFATTA฀ G � L DEN � R ENS ฀ SAMTLIGA฀ TILL G � N G A R ฀ OCH฀ G � L L E R ฀ SAMTLIGA฀ B O R GEN � RE R ฀ VAR฀ � N ฀ I฀ V � R L DEN฀ INTE฀ BARA ฀ INOM฀ GEMEN SKAPEN฀ DE฀ BElNNER SIG $ET � R VIKTIGT ATT FRAM H � L L A ATT ENLIGT F � R O R D N INGEN BE G R � NffS A S ฀ INTE฀ DEN฀ INTERNATIONELLA฀ BE H � R I G H ET ฀SOM฀INNE H A S ฀ AV฀ DOMSTOLARNA฀ P � ฀ DEN฀ PLATS฀ D � R ฀ DE฀ HUVUDSAKLIGA฀ INTRESSENA฀ lNNS TILL DET EUROPEISKA฀ OM R � DET฀ E J ฀ HELLER฀ �V E R L � TffS ฀ F R � G AN ฀ TILL฀ DEN฀ NATIONELLA฀ LAGSTIFTNINGEN฀ 'ENOM฀ F � R ORDNINGEN฀ KAN฀ ALL M � N ฀ R � C K VID D ฀ GIVETVIS฀ ENDAST฀ GARANTERAS฀ INOM฀ %UROPEISKA฀ GEMENSKAPENS฀ OM R � DE฀ 5TAN F � R ฀ GEMEN SKAPEN฀ � R ฀ S � DAN฀ ALL M � N ฀ R � C K VID D ฀ BEROENDE฀ AV฀ ATT฀ DET฀lNNS N� G O T AVTAL MED STATEN ELLER฀ STATERNA฀ I฀ F R � G A ฀ ELLER฀ ATT฀DEN฀ ENLIGT฀ R � T TffS SYSTEMEN ฀ MED GES฀ I฀ I F R � G AV A RANDE฀ STAT฀ ELLER฀ STATER
฀ 4HE฀ CENTRE฀OF฀MAIN฀ INTERESTS฀ IS฀ AN฀ AU TO N O M O U S ฀ CON C EP T ฀ I E ฀ A฀ CON C EP T ฀ SPECIlC฀ TO฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ WITH฀ A฀ UNIFORM฀ M E AN ING฀ INDEPENDENT฀ OF฀ NATIONAL฀ LAW฀ )N฀ ORDER฀ TO฀ FACILITATE฀ ITS฀ INTERPRETATION฀ AND฀ APPLICATION฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ A฀ PROVIDES฀ A ฀DE l N I TION฀ FOR฀ THE฀ T E R M ฀ OFFE R ING฀ A฀ UNIFORM฀ CON C EP T ฀ FOR฀ ALL฀-EMBER฀ 3TATES฀ AND฀ L A Y ING฀ DOWN฀ THE฀ B A S E S ฀ FOR฀ RE AL I S ING฀ IT฀ SEE฀ RE C I T AL ฀ ฀ IN฀ THE฀PREAMBLE฀ TO฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ THE฀CENTRE฀OF฀MAIN฀ INTERESTS฀MEANS฀ THE฀ PLACE฀WHERE฀THE฀DEBTOR฀CONDUCTS฀THE฀ADMINISTRATION฀OF฀HIS฀INTERESTS฀ON฀A฀ RE G U L A R ฀ B A S IS฀ AND฀ IS฀ THEREFORE฀ A S C E R T A IN ABLE฀ BY฀ THIRD฀ PARTIES�฀ AND฀ B ฀ ESTABLISHES฀ A฀ P RE S U M P TION฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ WHICH฀ S I M P L I l E S ฀ THE฀ APPLICATION฀ OF฀ THE฀ RULE฀ IN฀ THE฀CASE฀OF฀ A฀ C O M P ANY฀ OR฀ LEGAL฀ PER S ON฀ THE฀ PLACE ฀OF฀THE฀ REGISTERED฀ OFlCE฀SHALL฀BE฀PRESUMED฀TO฀BE฀THE฀CENTRE฀OF฀ITS฀MAIN฀INTERESTS฀IN฀THE฀AB S E N C E ฀ OF฀ PROOF฀ TO฀ THE฀ CON T R A R Y
฀ 0 L A T SE N ฀ D � R ฀ DE฀ HUVUDSAKLIGA฀ INTRESSENA฀ lNNS � R ETT AUTONOMT ฀ BEGREPP ฀ D VS ฀ ETT฀ F � R ฀ F � R ORDNINGEN฀ S P E CIlK T BEGREPP SOM HAR EN ENHETLIG IN N E B� R D OBEROENDE฀ AV฀DEN฀ NATIONELLA฀ LAGSTIFTNINGEN฀ & � R ฀ ATT฀ UNDER L � T TA฀ DESS฀ TOLKNING฀ OCH฀ TILL � M P NING฀ A ฀ GES฀ DET฀ I฀ F � R ORDNINGEN฀ EN฀ DElNITION ฀ AV฀ BEGREPPET ฀ S � ฀ ATT฀DET฀ BLIR฀ ENHETLIGT฀ F � R ฀ ALLA฀ MEDLEMSSTATER ฀ OCH฀ DE฀ B A KOM L I G GANDE฀ S K � LEN฀ TILL฀ SPECIlCERINGEN FRAM G � R SE S K � L I INGRESSEN TILL F � R O R D N INGEN MED v PLATSEN฀ D � R ฀ DE฀ HUVUDSAKLIGA฀ INTRESSENA฀ lNNS v AVSES DEN PLATS D � R G � L DEN � R EN฀ V AN L I G TVIS ฀ F � R V A L TAR฀ SINA฀ INTRESSEN฀ OCH฀ SOM฀ D � R F � R ฀ � R ฀ FAST S T� L L B A R ฀ F � R ฀ TREDJE฀ MAN฀ B ฀ ANGES฀ EN฀PRESUMTION฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ SOM฀ F � R EN KLAR฀ TILL � M PN INGEN ฀ AV฀ BE S T� M M E L SE N ฀ N� R ฀ DET฀ G � L L E R ฀ B O LAG฀OCH฀ ANDRA฀ JURIDISKA฀ PERSONER฀ SKALL฀ S � TET ฀ ANSES฀ VARA฀ DEN฀ PLATS฀ D � R ฀ DE฀ HUVUDSAKLIGA฀ INTRESSENA฀ lNNS OM฀ INTE฀ ANNAT฀ VISAS฀ REGISTER ED฀ OF l C E 23a4225a3;27avguvqaUX0kpff""";8
-EMBER฀3TATES฀ARE฀OBLIGED฀TO฀ACKNOWLEDGE฀IT฀WITHOUT฀BEING฀ABLE฀TO฀CHECK฀ THE฀ JURISDICTION฀OF฀ THE฀ COURT฀OF฀ O R I G IN � ฀ IN฀ OTHER฀ W O R DfiS ฀ THEY฀ARE฀ O B L I G E D ฀ TO฀ ACCEPT฀ THAT฀ DECLARATION฀ OF฀ JURISDICTION฀ )F฀ AN฀ INTERESTED฀ PARTY฀ DISAGREES฀ WITH฀ THAT฀ JURISDICTION฀ BE C A USE฀ IT฀ CON S I D E R S ฀ THAT฀ THE฀CENTRE฀OF฀MAIN฀ INTERESTS฀ IS฀ IN฀ A฀ DIFFERENT฀ 3TATE฀ IT฀MUST฀ CON T E S T ฀ THE฀ JURISDICTION฀ BEFORE฀ THE฀COURTS฀OF฀ THE฀3TATE฀OF฀ ORIGIN฀ WITH฀ THE฀POSSIBILITY฀OF฀ REQUESTING฀ A฀ PRELIMINARY฀ R U L ING฀ FROM฀ THE฀ #OURT฀ OF฀ *USTICE฀OF฀THE฀%UROPEAN฀ # O M M U N I T I E S
฀ , A G S T I FT NINGEN฀ SKALL฀ KON T R O L L E RAS฀ EX ฀ OF l C I O .� R ฀ DET฀ F � R STA ฀ BESLUTET฀ V � L ฀ HAR฀ ANTAGITS฀ OM฀ ATT฀ INLEDA฀ETT฀ H UV U D F � R F A RANDE฀ I฀ EN฀MEDLEMSSTAT฀ P � ฀ GRUND฀ AV฀ ATT฀ PLATSEN฀ F � R ฀ G � L DEN � R ENS ฀ HUVUDSAKLIGA฀ INTRESSEN฀ LIGGER฀ INOM฀ DESS฀ TERRITORIUM฀ SKALL฀ DETTA฀ E R K � N NAS฀ AV฀ �V R I G A ฀ STATER S ฀ DOMSTOLAR฀ SOM฀ INTE฀ F � R ฀ KON T R O L L E R A ฀ UR S P R UN G S DOMSTOLENS฀ BE H � R I G H ET � ฀ DE฀ � R ฀ S � L E DES ฀ TVU N G N A ฀ ATT฀ GODTA฀ F � R K L A R INGEN ฀ OM฀ BE H � R I G H ET ฀ /M฀ N� G O N ฀ BE R � R D ฀ PART฀ I F R � G A S � T T E R ฀ BE H � R I G HETEN฀ D � R F � R ฀ ATT฀DEN฀ ANSER฀ ATT฀DEN฀ PLATS฀ D � R ฀ DE฀ HUVUDSAKLIGA฀ INTRESSENA฀ lNNS LIGGER I EN ANNAN STA T SKALL BE H � R I G H ET EN BESTRIDAS VID DOMSTOLARNA I URSPRUNGSSTATEN฀ MED฀ M � J LIGHET฀ ATT฀ BE G � R A ฀ F � R HAND S AV G � RANDE฀ F R � N ฀ %UROPEISKA฀GEMENSKAPERNAS฀ DOMSTO L
฀ 4HE฀ INSOLVENCY฀ REGULATION฀ ALLOWS฀ THE฀OPENING฀OF฀ TERRITORIAL฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ BEFORE฀ AS฀ W E L L ฀ AS฀ AFTER฀ THE฀MAIN฀PROCEEDINGS฀ HAVE฀ BEEN฀ OPENED฀ SEE฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ AND฀ ฀ 4HE฀ P RE CONDITIONS฀ AND฀ FUNCTIONS฀ ARE฀ DIFFERENT฀ IN฀ EACH฀ CASE
฀ .� R ฀ DEN฀ PLATS฀ D � R ฀ EN฀ G � L DEN � R S ฀ HUVUDSAKLIGA฀ INTRESSEN฀lNNS BElNNER SIG INOM฀ EN฀ MEDLEMSSTATS฀ TERRITORIUM฀ HAR฀ ENLIGT฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ DOMSTOLARNA฀ I฀ EN฀ ANNAN฀MEDLEMSSTAT฀ BE H � R I G H ET ฀ ATT฀ INLEDA฀ETT฀ INSOL V ENS F � R F A RANDE฀ ENDAST฀ OM฀ G � L DEN � R EN฀ HAR฀ ETT฀ D R I FT S T� L L E ฀ I฀DEN฀ SENARE฀ MEDLEMSSTATEN฀ 6 E R KN IN G A R N A ฀ AV฀ DETTA฀ F � R F A RANDE฀ F � R ฀ ENBART฀ OMFATTA฀ G � L DEN � R EN฀ TILL H � R I G ฀ E GEN DOM฀ SOM฀lNNS INOM DENNA MEDLEMSSTATS TERRITORI UM
)F฀ FOLLOWING฀ THE฀OPENING฀OF฀ INDEPENDENT฀ TERRITORIAL฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ MAIN฀PROCEEDINGS฀ ARE฀ OPENED฀ THE฀ FORMER฀ ARE฀ CONVERTED฀ INTO฀ SECONDARY฀ PROCE E D INGS฀AND฀THE฀MAIN฀LIQUIDATOR฀MAY฀ASK฀FOR฀THEIR฀CONVERSION฀INTO฀WINDING UP฀PROCEEDINGS฀ !RTICLE฀
/M฀DET฀ INLEDS฀ ETT฀ H UV U D F � R F A RANDE฀ EFTER฀ DET฀ ATT฀ ETT฀ OBEROENDE฀ TERRITORIELLT฀ F � R F A RANDE฀ HAR฀ INLETTS฀ �V E R G � R ฀ DET฀ SENARE฀ TILL฀ ATT฀ VARA฀ ETT฀ SE K UND � R F � R F A RANDE฀ OCH฀ F � R V A L TA R EN฀ I฀HUVUD F � R F A R AN DET฀ KAN฀ BE G � R A ฀ ATT฀DET฀ OM V AN D L A S ฀ TILL฀ ETT฀ LIK VID A T I O NffS F � R F A RANDE฀ ARTIKEL฀
฀ 4HE฀ CON C EP T ฀ OF฀ ESTABLISHMENT฀ IS฀ AN฀ AU TO N O M O U S ฀ CON C EP T ฀DE l N E D ฀ IN฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ ITSELF฀ !RTICLE฀ H ฀ 4HE฀ REGULATION฀ D E l N E S ฀ @ ESTABLISHMENT฀ AS฀ ANY฀PLACE฀OF฀OPERATIONS฀WHERE฀THE฀DEBTOR฀CARRIES฀OUT฀A฀NON TRANSITORY฀ECO N O M I C ฀ A C T I V I T Y ฀ WITH฀ H U M AN฀ M E AN S ฀ AND฀ G O O DfiS ฀ !RTICLE฀ H ฀ 4HE฀ D E l N I TION฀ IN฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ IS฀ RELATIVELY฀ OPEN฀ BASED฀ ON฀ THE฀ CON JU N C TION฀OF฀ TWO฀ ELEMENTS
฀ "E G RE P P ET ฀ D R I FT S T� L L E ฀ � R ฀ ETT฀ AUTONOMT ฀ BEGREPP ฀ SOM฀ DEl N I E R A S I S J � L V AF � R ORDNINGEN฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ H ฀ )฀ F � R ORDNINGEN฀ AVSES฀MED฀ DENNA฀ TERM฀ VARJE฀ VERKSAMHETSPLATS฀ D � R ฀ G � L DEN � R EN฀ ANNAT฀ � N ฀ TILL F � L LIGT฀ IDKAR฀ EKONOMISK฀ VERK SAM H ET ฀ MED฀ PERSON E L L A ฀ OCH฀ MATERIELLA฀ RE S UR SE R ฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ H ฀ $E l N I T I O NEN฀ I฀ F � R ORDNINGEN฀ � R ฀ F � R H � L L AN DE VI S ฀ VID฀ OCH฀ UT G � R ฀ F R � N ฀ T V�฀ F A K T O RE R ฀ N� ML I GEN
B ฀ A฀ CERTAIN฀ DEGREE฀ OF฀ PER M AN E N C E ฀ IN฀ T I M E
A ฀ F � RE KOM S TEN฀ AV฀ ETT฀ ORGAN I SE R A T ฀ S � T E ฀ F � R ฀ T R AN SAK T I O N E R N A ฀ OCH
!RTICLE฀ ฀ IN฀ l N E ฀ AND฀ IS฀ R Em E C T E D ฀ IN฀ THE฀ EFFECTS฀ OF฀ THE฀PROCEEDINGS ฀ WHICH฀ARE฀ALSO฀LIMITED฀TO฀THE฀ASSETS฀OF฀THE฀DEBTOR฀SITUATED฀WITHIN฀THE฀TERRI TO R Y ฀OF฀THE฀ -EMBER฀3TATE฀ IN฀ QUESTION฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ IN฀ l N E
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! ฀ SPECIAL฀ APPLICATION฀ OF฀ THIS฀ RULE฀ CAN฀ BE฀ F O U N D ฀ IN฀ ! R T I C L E S ฀ ฀ AND฀ ฀ OF฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ 4HE฀ FORMER฀ IS฀ APPLICABLE฀ TO฀ INDEPENDENT฀ AS฀ W E L L ฀ AS฀ TO฀ SECONDARY฀ TERRITORIAL฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ AND฀ LAYS฀ DOWN฀ THAT฀ ANY฀ RESTRICTION฀ OF฀ THE฀ CREDITORS฀ RIGHTS฀ IN฀PARTICULAR฀ A฀ S T A Y ฀ OR฀ DIS C H A R G E ฀ SHALL฀ PRODUCE฀ EFFECTS฀ V I S � V IS฀ ASSETS฀ SITUATED฀ WITHIN฀ THE฀ TERRITORY฀ OF฀ ANOTHER฀-EMBER฀ 3TATE฀ ONLY฀ IN฀ THE฀CASE฀OF฀ THOSE฀ CREDITORS฀ W H O ฀ HAVE฀ GIVEN฀ THEIR฀ CONSENT฀ 4HE฀ L A T T E R ฀ APPLIES฀ TO฀ SECONDARY฀PROCEEDINGS฀ WHICH฀ ARE฀ CLOSED฀ BY฀ A฀ RE S C U E ฀ P L AN฀ A฀ C O M POSITION฀ OR฀ A฀ C O M P A R ABLE฀ M E A S U RE ฀ AND฀ REQUIRES฀ THE฀ CONSENT฀ OF฀ ALL฀ THE฀ CREDITORS฀ H A V ING฀AN฀INTEREST฀FOR฀THAT฀COMPOSITION฀TO฀HAVE฀EFFECT฀IN฀RESPECT฀OF฀THE฀ASSETS฀ SITUATED฀ IN฀ ANOTHER฀-EMBER฀ 3 T A T E
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฀ 4HE฀ S T A R TING฀ PO IN T ฀ FOR฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ IS฀ THE฀ APPLICATION฀ OF฀ THE฀ LAW฀OF฀ THE฀3TATE฀OF฀ THE฀OPENING฀OF฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ 5NDER฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ THE฀ LAW฀ A P P L I C A BLE฀TO฀INSOLVENCY฀PROCEEDINGS฀AND฀THEIR฀EFFECTS฀SHALL฀BE฀THAT฀OF฀THE฀-EMBER฀ 3TATE฀ WITHIN฀ THE฀ TERRITORY฀ OF฀ WHICH฀ SUCH฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ ARE฀ OPENED฀ THEREAFTER฀ REFERRED฀ TO฀ AS฀ THE฀ @ 3TATE฀ OF฀ THE฀OPENING฀OF฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ 4HAT฀ RULE฀ IS฀ V AL I D ฀ FOR฀ THE฀MAIN฀PROCEEDINGS฀ AND฀ FOR฀ TERRITORIAL฀ O N E S ฀ SEE฀ RE C I T AL ฀ ฀ IN฀ THE฀PREAMBLE฀ AND฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ WHICH฀ M E AN S ฀ THAT฀ THE฀ RULES฀ OF฀ INTERNATIONAL฀ JURISDICTION฀ HAVE฀ A฀ D O U B L E ฀ R O L E ฀ THEY฀ D E T E R M IN E ฀ DIRECTLY฀ THE฀ APPLICABLE฀ JURISDICTION฀AND฀ IN DIRECTLY฀ THE฀ APPLICABLE฀ LAW฀ 4HE฀ APPLICATION฀ OF฀ THE฀ LAW฀OF฀ THE฀3TATE฀OF฀ THE฀OPENING฀OF฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ LEX฀ FORI฀CONCURSUS ฀AS฀A฀GENERAL฀RULE฀ CONSTITUTES฀ ONE฀ OF฀ THE฀ GENERAL฀ PRINCIPLES฀ OF฀ COMPARATIVE฀ INTERNATIONAL฀ BANKRUPTCY฀ L A W
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฀ )N฀ACCORDANCE฀WITH฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ S A V E ฀ AS฀ OTHERWISE฀ PROVIDED฀ IN฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ THE฀ LAW฀OF฀ THE฀3TATE฀OF฀ THE฀OPENING฀OF฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ LEX฀ FORI฀CONCURSUS ฀ DETERMINES฀ THE฀ CONDITIONS฀ FOR฀ ALL฀ THE฀ P H A S E S ฀OF฀THE฀ INSOLVENCY฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ THEIR฀ OPENING฀ THEIR฀ CON D U C T ฀ AND฀ THEIR฀ C L O S U RE ฀ 4HESE฀ INCLUDE฀ THE฀ CONDITIONS฀ FOR฀ OPENING฀ THE฀PROCEEDINGS ฀ W H O ฀ IS฀ E N T I T L E D ฀ TO฀ REQUEST฀ THAT฀ OPENING฀ THE฀APPOINTMENT฀OF฀ A D M INI S T R A TO R S ฀ OR฀ RE C E I V E R S ฀ INCLUDING฀ T EM PO R A R Y ฀ A D M INI S T R A TO R S ฀ THE฀DETERMINATION฀OF฀ THE฀ ASSETS฀ AND฀ L I A B I L I T I E S ฀ THEIR฀ ADMINISTRATION฀ THE฀ A D M I S S I ON฀ AND฀ R AN K ING฀ OF฀ CLAIMS฀ THE฀ PARTICIPATION฀ OF฀ CREDITORS฀ THE฀ FOR M S ฀ OF฀ WINDING ฀ UP ฀ BY฀ REORGANISATION฀ OR฀ L I Q U I D A TION฀ AND฀ DIS T R I BU TION฀ E T C ฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ OF฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ CONTAINS฀ A฀ LIST฀ OF฀ PARTICULAR฀ MATTERS฀WHICH฀ARE฀DETERMINED฀BY฀THE฀LAW฀OF฀THE฀3TATE฀OF฀THE฀OPENING฀OF฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ 4HAT฀ LIST฀ IS฀NOT฀ E X H AU S TIVE฀ )TS฀ FUNCTION฀ IS฀ TO฀ FACILITATE฀ THE฀
฀ %NLIGT฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ OM฀ INTE฀ ANNAT฀ F � RE SKRIVS฀ I฀ F � R ORDNINGEN฀ SKALL฀ LAGEN฀ I฀ INLEDNINGSSTATEN฀ LEX฀ FO R I฀ C O N C UR S UffS ฀ REGLERA฀ ALLA฀ ETAPPER N A ฀ I฀ INSOL V ENS F � R F A R AN DET฀ D VS ฀ INLEDA N DET฀ GENOM F � R AN DET฀ OCH฀ S L UT F � R AN DET฀ $ETTA฀ IN K L U DE RAR฀ F � R UT S � T T N IN G A R N A ฀ F � R ฀ ATT฀ INLEDA฀ETT฀ F � R F A RANDE฀ VILKA฀ SOM฀ � R ฀ BE H � R I G A ฀ ATT฀ BE G � R A ฀ ATT฀ ETT฀ S �D AN T ฀ INLEDS฀ UTSE EN DET฀ AV฀ F � R V A L TA RE ฀ ELLER฀ KON K UR S F � R V A L TA RE ฀ INKLUSIVE฀ TILL F � L L I G A ฀ F � R V A L TA RE ฀ FAST S T� L LANDET฀ AV฀ TILL G � N G A R ฀ OCH฀ SKULDER฀ I฀ BOE T ฀ SAMT฀ F � R V A L T NINGEN฀ AV฀ DESSA฀ G O D TA G AN DET฀ OCH฀ P R I O R I T E R INGEN ฀ AV฀ FO R D R IN G A R ฀ B O R GEN � RE R NAS฀ DELTAGANDE฀ FORMER N A ฀ F � R ฀ S L UT F � RANDE฀ GENOM฀ OM O R
INTERPRETATION฀ OF฀ THE฀ BASIC฀ RULE฀ GIVEN฀ IN฀!RTICLE฀ ฀AND฀TO฀ RE S O L V E ฀ ANY฀ POSSIBLE฀ PROBLEMS฀ OF฀ C H A R A C T E R I S A TION฀ TO฀WHICH฀ ITS฀ APPLICATION฀ COULD฀ GIVE฀ RISE฀ )N฀ACCORDANCE฀WITH฀ THIS฀ PRECE P T ฀ THE฀ LAW฀OF฀ THE฀3TATE฀OF฀ THE฀OPENING฀OF฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ SHALL฀ D E T E R M IN E ฀ IN T E R ฀ AL I A
G AN I SE R IN G ฀ LIKVIDATION฀ ELLER฀ F � R DEL NING฀ OS V ฀ )฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ I฀ F � R ORDNINGEN฀ ANGES฀ EN฀ F � R T E C K NING฀ �V E R ฀ DE฀ S � R SKILDA฀ F R � G O R ฀ SOM฀ REGLERAS฀ AV฀ LAGEN฀ I฀ INLEDNINGSSTATEN฀ $ET฀ � R ฀ EMELLERTID฀ INGEN ฀ UT T� M MANDE฀ F � R T E C K NING฀ $EN฀ SYFTAR฀ TILL฀ ATT฀ UNDER L � T TA฀ TOLKNINGEN฀ AV฀ G R UND REGELN฀ I฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ OCH฀ ATT฀ L � S A ฀ EVENTUELLA฀ KLASSIlCERINGSPROBLEM SOM KAN UP PS T� VID TILL � M PN INGEN %NLIGT DEN฀ PUNKT EN฀ SKALL฀ INLEDNINGSSTATEN฀ B L A ฀ BE S T� M M A
A฀ AGAINST฀ WHICH฀ D E BT O R S ฀ INSOLVENCY฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ MAY฀ BE฀ B R O U G H T ฀ ON฀ A C COUNT฀OF฀THEIR฀CAPACITY�
A ฀ MOT฀ VILKA฀ SLAG S ฀ G � L DEN � RE R ฀ ETT฀ INSOL V ENS F � R F A RANDE฀ KAN฀ INLEDA S
B ฀ THE฀ ASSETS฀ WHICH฀ FORM฀ P A R T ฀OF฀THE฀ E S TATE฀ AND฀ THE฀ TREATMENT฀ OF฀ ASSETS฀ ACQUIRED฀BY฀OR฀DEVOLVING฀ON฀THE฀DEBTOR฀AFTER฀THE฀OPENING฀OF฀THE฀INSOL VENCY฀PROCEEDINGS�
B ฀ VILKA฀ TILL G � N G A R ฀ SOM฀ IN G � R ฀ I฀ BOE T ฀ OCH฀ HUR฀ DE฀ TILL G � N G A R ฀ SKALL฀ BEHANDLAS฀ VILKA฀ F � R V � R V A TffS ฀ AV฀ G � L DEN � R EN฀ EFTER฀ DET฀ ATT฀ INSOL V ENS F � R F A R AN DET฀ HAR฀ INLETTS
D ฀ THE฀ CONDITIONS฀ UNDER฀ WHICH฀ S E T OFFS฀MAY฀BE฀INVOKED�
D ฀ F � R UT S � T T N IN G A R N A ฀ F � R ฀ K VI T T N IN G
F ฀ THE฀ EFFECTS฀ OF฀ THE฀ INSOLVENCY฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ ON฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ B R O U G H T ฀ BY฀ INDIVIDUAL฀ CREDITORS฀ WITH฀ THE฀ E X C EP TION฀OF฀ L A W S U ITS฀ P E N D IN G �
F ฀ INSOL V ENS F � R F A R AN DET S ฀ VERKNINGAR฀ P � ฀ F � R F A RANDEN฀ SOM฀ INLETTS฀ AV฀ ENSKILDA฀ B O R GEN � RE R ฀ MED฀ UNDANTAG฀ F � R ฀ P � G � ENDE฀ R � T T E G � N G A R
G ฀ THE฀ CLAIMS฀ WHICH฀ ARE฀ TO฀BE฀ L O DG E D ฀ AGAINST฀ THE฀ D E BT O R S ฀ E S TATE฀ AND฀ THE฀ TREATMENT฀OF฀CLAIMS฀ARISING฀AFTER฀THE฀OPENING฀OF฀INSOLVENCY฀PROCEED INGS�
G ฀ DE฀ FO R D R IN G A R ฀ SOM฀SKALL฀ AN M � L A S ฀ I฀ F � R F A R AN DET฀ OCH฀ HUR฀ DE฀ FO R D R IN G A R ฀ SKALL฀ BEHANDLAS฀ SOM฀ UPP KOM M I T ฀ EFTER฀ DET฀ ATT฀ INSOL V ENS F � R F A R AN DET฀ HAR฀ INLETTS
H ฀ THE฀ RULES฀ G O V E R N ING฀ THE฀ L O DG ING฀ V E R I l C A TION฀ AND฀ A D M I S S I ON฀ OF฀ C L A I M S �
H ฀ HUR฀ FO R D R IN G A R ฀ SKALL฀ AN M � L A S ฀ S T Y R K A S ฀ OCH฀ G O D TA S
I ฀ THE฀ RULES฀ G O V E R N ING฀ THE฀ DIS T R I BU TION฀OF฀ PROCE E DfiS ฀ FROM฀ THE฀ RE AL I S A TION฀OF฀ ASSETS฀ THE฀ R AN K ING฀ OF฀ CLAIMS฀ AND฀ THE฀ RIGHTS฀ OF฀ CREDITORS฀ W H O ฀ HAVE฀ OBTAINED฀PARTIAL฀SATISFACTION฀AFTER฀THE฀OPENING฀OF฀INSOLVENCY฀PROCEED INGS฀BY฀VIRTUE฀OF฀A฀RIGHT฀IN฀REM฀OR฀THROUGH฀A฀SET OFF�
I฀ HUR฀ INmUTNA MEDEL SKALL F � R DEL A S F � R ET R � DES O R D N INGEN OCH VILKA R � T ฀ T I G HETER฀ DE฀ B O R GEN � RE R ฀ HAR฀ VILKA฀ EFTER฀ DET฀ ATT฀ INSOL V ENS F � R F A R AN DET฀ HAR฀ INLETTS฀DELVIS฀ TILLGODOSETTS฀ TILL฀ F � L J D ฀ AV฀ SAK R � T TffS LIGT฀ SKYDD฀ELLER฀GENOM฀ K VI T T N IN G
J ฀ THE฀ CONDITIONS฀ FOR฀ AND฀ THE฀ EFFECTS฀ OF฀ C L O S U RE ฀ OF฀ INSOLVENCY฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ IN฀PARTICULAR฀BY฀COMPOSITION�
J ฀ F � R UT S � T T N IN G A R N A ฀ F � R ฀ OCH฀ VERKNINGARNA฀ AV฀ ATT฀ INSOL V ENS F � R F A R AN DET฀ S L UT F � R S ฀ VARVID฀ B L A ฀ AVSES฀ A VS L UTAN DE฀ GENOM฀ ETT฀ AC K O R D
K ฀ CREDITORS฀ RIGHTS฀ AFTER฀ THE฀ C L O S U RE ฀ OF฀ INSOLVENCY฀ PROCEEDINGS�
K ฀ B O R GEN � RE R NAS฀ S T� L L NING฀ EFTER฀ S L UT F � R T ฀ INSOL V ENS F � R F A R AN DE
Exceptions to the law of the State of the opening of proceedings
Undantag frìn lagen i inledningsstaten