natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
4HESE฀ THREE฀DIFFERENT฀ ASPECTS฀ OF฀ APPROPRIATE฀ LEGAL฀AID฀ ARE฀ SET฀ OUT฀ IN฀!RTICLE฀ ฀ 4HE฀ F O C U S ฀ IS฀ C L E A R L Y ฀ ON฀ S I T U A T I O N S ฀ WHERE฀ CROSS BORDER฀ COURT฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ ARE฀ ACTUALLY฀ UNDER฀ WAY฀ OR฀ WHERE฀ THERE฀ IS฀ A฀ RE AL ฀ PRO S P E C T ฀ OF฀ SUCH฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ " E C A USE฀ P RE L I T I G A TION฀ A D V I C E ฀ UNDER฀ !RTICLE฀ A฀ IS฀ LIMITED฀ TO฀ THE฀ P U R PO S E ฀ OF฀ RE A C H ING฀ A฀ S E T TLEMENT฀ PRIOR฀ TO฀ BRINGING฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ THIS฀ A P P E A R S ฀ TO ฀EX C L U D E ฀ A P P L I C AN T S ฀ FROM฀ S E E K ING฀ LEGAL฀AID฀ FOR฀ OTHER฀ WIDER฀ P U R PO S E S ฀ OR฀ WHERE฀ THERE฀ IS฀ NO฀ L I T I G A TION฀ IN฀ PRO S P E C T ฀ !RTICLE฀ B ฀ CON F E R S ฀ THE฀ RIGHT฀ TO฀ LEGAL฀ ASSISTANCE฀ AN D ฀REPRE S E N T A TION฀ IN฀ COURT฀ THIS฀ C O M E S ฀ INTO฀ P L A Y ฀ AT฀ THE฀ S T A G E S ฀ OF฀ P R EP A R A TION฀OF฀ THE฀ CASE฀ AND฀ P RE S E N T A TION฀OF฀ THE฀ CASE฀ TO฀ THE฀ COURT฀ BOTH฀ THROUGH฀ W R I T T E N ฀ P L E A D INGS฀ AND฀ AT฀ A฀ COURT฀ H E A R IN G
0 ฀ / R D F � R AN DES K A P ET S ฀ S L UT S A T SE R ฀ %UROPEISKA฀ R � DET฀ I฀ 4AMMERFORS฀ DEN฀ � ฀ OKTOBER฀ ฀ 0 UN K T ฀ 1 ฀ %F T E R ฀ . I C EF� R D R A GE TffS ฀ I K R A FT T R � DANDE฀ SKALL฀ DE฀ � T G � R DE R ฀ SOM฀ F � R SKRIVS฀ I฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ MED฀ UNDANTAG฀ F � R ฀ F R � G O R ฀ SOM฀ R � R ฀ F A M I L J E R � T T ฀ N U ฀ AN TA S ฀ GENOM฀ MED BE S L UTAN D EF� R F A RANDE฀ ENLIGT฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ I฀%' F � R D R A GE T
S S I S T ANCE฀ WITH฀ THE฀ COSTS฀ OF฀ THE฀ CASE฀ IS฀ALSO฀ DEALT฀WITH฀ IN฀!RTICLE฀ B ฀ AND฀ COULD฀ INVOLVE฀ S E V E R AL ฀ T Y P E S ฀ OF฀ COST฀ / N E ฀ T Y P E ฀ IS฀ COURT฀ F E E S ฀ INCLUDING฀ F E E S ฀ P AID฀ BY฀ THE฀ COURT฀ TO฀ PER S O N S ฀ P RE S U M A B L Y ฀ SUCH฀ AS฀ COURT฀ OF l C I AL S ฀ O R ฀EX PER T ฀ W I T N E S S E S ฀ W H O ฀ PER FORM฀ A C T S ฀ DURING฀ THE฀PROCEEDINGS ฀ ! ฀ SECOND฀ C A T E G O R Y ฀ OF฀ COSTS฀ IS฀ V A R I O U S ฀ COSTS฀ SPECIlC฀ TO฀ THE฀ SITUATION฀ OF฀ THE฀ CROSS BORDER฀ L I T I G AN T ฀ SUCH฀ AS฀ COSTS฀ OF฀ INTERPRETATION฀ T R AN S LATION฀ AND฀ T R A V E L ฀ TO฀ THE฀ H E A R ING฀ 4HESE฀ ARE฀ DEALT฀WITH฀ IN฀!RTICLE฀ ฀ OF฀ THE฀DIRECTIVE฀ AND฀ DESCRIBED฀ FURTHER฀ BE L O W ฀ ! ฀ THIRD฀ C A T E G O R Y ฀ IS฀ THE฀ COSTS฀ OF฀ THE฀ OP PO S ING฀ PARTY฀ )N฀ SOME฀-EMBER฀3TATES฀ A฀ PARTY฀ W H O ฀ L O S E S ฀ A฀ CASE฀ IS฀ L I ABLE฀ TO฀ P A Y ฀ HIS฀ OP PO N E N T S ฀ LEGAL฀ COSTS฀ 4HE฀ l N AL ฀ P A R A G R A P H ฀ OF฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ PROVIDES฀THAT฀IF฀A฀RECIPIENT฀OF฀LEGAL฀AID฀UNDER฀THE฀DIRECTIVE฀LOSES฀THE฀CASE฀AND฀IS฀ SUBJECT฀ TO฀ SUCH฀ A฀ COSTS฀ RULE฀ THOSE฀ COSTS฀ SHOULD฀BE฀ COVERED฀ BY฀ HIS฀ LEGAL฀AID฀ IF฀ A฀ LITIGANT฀HABITUALLY฀RESIDENT฀IN฀THE฀-EMBER฀3TATE฀WHERE฀THE฀COURT฀ IS฀SITUATED฀ WOULD฀HAVE฀ BEEN฀ COVERED฀ IN฀ THIS฀ WAY฀ 4HIS฀ IS฀ E S S E N TIALLY฀ A฀NON DISCRIMINATION฀ RULE฀AND฀DOES฀NOT฀REQUIRE฀-EMBER฀3TATES฀AUTOMATICALLY฀TO฀GRANT฀LEGAL฀AID฀TO฀A฀ CROSS BORDER฀ APPLICANT฀ TO฀ COVER฀ THE฀ S U C C E S S FU L ฀ P A R T Y S ฀ COSTS฀ IF฀THIS฀ IS฀NOT฀THE฀
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CIVIL LAW EUROPEAN JUDICIAL COOPERATION Legal aid
CIVILRÊTT EUROPEISKT RÊTTSLIGT SAMARBETES Rêttshjêlp
N O R M AL ฀ P R A C T I C E ฀ UNDER฀ THEIR฀ SYSTEM฀ 2ECITAL฀ ฀ M AK E S ฀ CLEAR฀ THAT฀ THIS฀ IS฀ TO฀BE฀ LEFT฀TO฀THE฀LAW฀OF฀THE฀-EMBER฀3TATE฀WHERE฀THE฀COURT฀IS฀SITTING฀OR฀WHERE฀ENFORCE MENT฀ IS฀ S O U G H T
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!RTICLE฀ ฀ CONTAINS฀ AN฀ IMPORTANT฀ L I M I T A TION฀ TO฀ THE฀ CON C EP T ฀ OF฀ @ APPROPRIATE฀ LEGAL฀AID฀ IN฀ THE฀ CONTEXT฀ OF฀ @ PROCEEDINGS฀ E S P E C I AL L Y ฀ DESIGNED฀ TO฀ E N ABLE฀ L I T I G AN T S ฀ TO฀ MAKE฀ THEIR฀ CASE฀ IN฀ PER S ON฀ 4HESE฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ M I G H T ฀ INCLUDE฀ S M ALL฀ CLAIMS฀ PROCEDURES฀OF฀THE฀SORT฀WHICH฀EXIST฀IN฀SEVERAL฀-EMBER฀3TATES฀OR฀SIMPLIlED฀COURT฀ OR฀ T R I BU N AL ฀ PROCE D U RE S ฀ )N฀ SUCH฀ T Y P E S ฀ OF฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀SAYS฀THAT฀ -EMBER฀ 3TATES฀ NEED฀ NOT฀ PROVIDE฀ LEGAL฀ ASSISTANCE฀ O R ฀REPRE S E N T A TION฀ 4HIS฀ S U G G ESTS฀ BY฀ CON T R A S T ฀ THAT฀ THE฀ RIGHT฀ TO฀ P RE L I T I G A TION฀ A D V I C E ฀ UNDER฀ !RTICLE฀ A฀ STILL฀ APPLIES฀ IN฀ THESE฀ CASES฀ !S฀ A฀ S AF E G U A R D ฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ ALLOWS฀ AND฀ PRO B A B L Y ฀ REQUIRES฀LEGAL฀AID฀TO฀BE฀GRANTED฀IF฀THE฀COURT฀OR฀OTHER฀COMPETENT฀AUTHORITY฀DE CIDES฀THAT฀LEGAL฀AID฀IS฀NECESSARY฀TO฀ENSURE฀EQUALITY฀OF฀PARTIES฀OR฀IN฀VIEW฀OF฀THE฀ C O M P L E X I T Y ฀OF฀THE฀ CASE
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!RTICLE฀ ฀ I M P L I E S ฀ THAT฀ AN฀ A P PROACH฀ BASED฀ ON฀ A฀ R AN G E ฀ OF฀ SUCH฀ C R I T E R I A฀ IS฀ V AL I D ฀ BY฀FOCUSING฀ON฀TWO฀CRITERIA฀BESIDES฀THE฀PURE฀PROSPECT฀OF฀WINNING฀THE฀LEGAL฀AR G U MENTS฀ IN฀ THE฀ CASE฀ & I R S T ฀ IT฀ SPECIlCALLY฀ REQUIRES฀ -EMBER฀ 3TATES฀ TO฀ CON S I D E R ฀ THE฀ I M PO R T ANCE฀ OF฀ THE฀ INDIVIDUAL฀ CASE฀ TO฀ THE฀ APPLICANT฀ 3 E CON D ฀ IT฀ ALLOWS฀ THE฀ -EMBER฀3TATE฀TO฀TAKE฀INTO฀ACCOUNT฀THE฀NATURE฀OF฀THE฀CASE฀IN฀TWO฀SPECIlC฀CAT E G O R I E S ฀ OF฀ DIS P U T E ฀ 4HE฀ lRST฀ C A T E G O R Y ฀ IS฀ WHERE฀ THE฀ APPLICANT฀ CLAIMS฀ DAMAGE฀ TO฀ HIS฀ REPUTATION฀ BUT฀ HAS฀ SUFFERED฀ NO฀MATERIAL฀ OR฀ lNANCIAL฀ L O S S ฀ � ฀ THIS฀WOULD฀ COVER฀ CERTAIN฀ T Y P E S ฀ OF฀ L IBE L ฀ A C T I O N S ฀ IN฀ SOME฀-EMBER฀3TATES฀ 4HE฀ SECOND฀ C A T E G O R Y ฀ IS฀ WHERE฀ THE฀ CLAIM฀ A R I S E S ฀ DIRECTLY฀ OUT฀ OF฀ THE฀ A P P L I C AN T S ฀ T R A D E ฀ OR฀ S E L F EM PLOYED฀PROFESSION�฀THIS฀REINFORCES฀THE฀EXCLUSION฀OF฀COMMERCIAL฀LITIGANTS฀IN฀!R T I CLE฀ ฀ OF฀ THE฀DIRECTIVE฀ BY฀ FURTHER฀ EXCLUDING฀ CLAIMS฀ B R O U G H T ฀ BY฀ AN฀ INDIVIDUAL฀ IN฀ THE฀ CONTEXT฀ OF฀ HIS฀ BU S IN E S S ฀ A C T I V I T I E S !
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!RTICLE฀ ฀ C O U N T E R B AL AN C E S ฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ BY฀ RE Q U I R ING฀ THE฀ A P P L I C AN T S ฀ HOME฀-EMBER฀ 3TATE฀ TO฀ BEAR฀ CERTAIN฀ OTHER฀ CROSS BORDER RELATED฀ COSTS฀ 4HE฀ HOME฀-EMBER฀ 3TATE฀MUST฀PROVIDE฀LEGAL฀AID฀TO฀COVER฀THE฀COST฀OF฀THE฀APPLICANT฀OBTAINING฀PRE LITIGATION฀ASSISTANCE฀AND฀ADVICE฀IN฀HIS฀HOME฀-EMBER฀3TATE฀UNTIL฀HIS฀APPLICA TION฀FOR฀LEGAL฀AID฀HAS฀BEEN฀RECEIVED฀BY฀THE฀-EMBER฀3TATE฀WHERE฀THE฀COURT฀IS฀ S I T TING฀ 4HE฀ HOME฀-EMBER฀ 3TATE฀ AL S O ฀COVERS฀ THE฀ COST฀ OF฀ TRANSLATING฀ THE฀ APPLICATION฀ FOR฀ LEGAL฀AID฀ AND฀ THE฀ NECESSARY฀ SUPPORTING฀ DOCUMENTS
%F T E R ฀ DE฀ ALL M � N N A ฀ PRINCIPERNA฀ I฀ KAPITEL ฀ )) ฀ ANGES฀ I฀DETTA฀ KAPITEL ฀ MER฀ IN G � ENDE฀ REGLER฀ F � R ฀ BE D � M NINGEN฀ AV฀ AN S � K NINGAR฀ OM฀ R � T TffS H J � L P ฀ ! R T I K L A R N A ฀ ฀ OCH฀ ฀ � R ฀ DE฀ VIKTIGASTE ฀ )฀ DESSA฀ BEHANDLAS฀ DE฀ VILLKOR฀ SOM฀ R � R ฀ DEN฀ S � KAN DES ฀ EKONOMISKA฀ TILL G � N G A R ฀ RESPEKTIVE฀ VILLKOR฀ MED฀ ANKNYTNING฀ TILL฀ GRUNDEN฀ F � R ฀ TVIS TEN฀ "E S T� M M E L SE R N A ฀ TILL � T E R ฀ MEDLEMSSTATERNA฀ ATT฀ I฀ VISS฀ UT S T R � C K NING฀ SE฀ TILL฀ ATT฀ DE฀
!RTICLE฀ ฀ OF฀ THE฀DIRECTIVE฀ R Em E C T S ฀ THE฀ FACT฀ THAT฀ O BT A IN ING฀ A฀ COURT฀ R U L ING฀ ON฀ A฀ DISPUTE฀MAY฀NOT฀BE฀ THE฀END฀OF฀ THE฀ S TO R Y ฀ 2ECITAL฀ ฀SAYS฀THAT฀ IF฀ LEGAL฀AID฀ IS฀ G R AN T E D ฀ IT฀ @MUST฀ COVER฀ THE฀ E N T I RE ฀ PROCEEDING฀ INCLUDING฀ E XfiP E N S E S ฀ IN C U R RE D ฀ IN฀ HAVING฀ A฀ JUDGMENT฀ ENFORCED฀ )T฀ SHOULD฀ ALSO฀ CON T IN U E ฀ @ IF฀ AN฀ APPEAL฀ IS฀ B R O U G H T ฀ EITHER฀AGAINST฀OR฀BY฀THE฀RECIPIENT฀IN฀SO฀FAR฀AS฀THE฀CONDITIONS฀RELATING฀TO฀THE฀l NANCIAL฀ RESOURCES฀AND฀ THE฀ SUBSTANCE฀OF฀ THE฀DISPUTE฀ REMAIN฀ FU L l L L E D ฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ AND฀ ฀ CON F E R S ฀ THE฀ RIGHT฀ TO฀ LEGAL฀AID฀ TO฀ COVER฀ THE฀ COST฀ OF฀ CROSS BORDER฀ ENFORCEMENT฀OF฀A฀ JUDGMENT฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀DEALS฀WITH฀ LEGAL฀AID฀ FOR฀ AN฀ APPEAL฀ EXPLICITLY฀LINKING฀THE฀RIGHT฀TO฀CONTINUED฀LEGAL฀AID฀TO฀ONGOING฀ELIGIBILITY฀UNDER฀ ! R T I C L E S ฀ ฀ AND฀ ฀ 4HIS฀ M E AN S ฀ IN฀PARTICULAR฀ THAT฀ THE฀ PRO S P E C T S ฀OF฀THE฀ A P P L I C AN T S ฀ S U C C E S S ฀ IN฀ BRINGING฀ OR฀ D EF E N D ING฀ AN฀ APPEAL฀ MAY฀ BE฀ A S S E S S E D ฀ BEFORE฀ LEGAL฀AID฀ IS฀ G R AN T E D
TILL G � N G L I G A ฀ MEDLEN฀ F � R ฀ R � T TffS H J � L P ฀ I฀ C I VI L M � L ฀ KAN฀ R I K TA S ฀ TILL฀ S �D AN A ฀ S � KANDE฀ OCH฀ M � L ฀ SOM฀ M EffS T ฀ F � R TJ � N A R ฀ ATT฀ BE K O STA S ฀ MED฀ ALL M � N N A ฀ MEDEL ฀ �V EN฀ OM฀ F R � G AN ฀ OM฀ VILKA฀ KOSTNADER฀ SOM฀SKALL฀ B� RAS฀ AV฀DEN฀ AN S � KAN DES ฀ HEMMEDLEMSSTAT฀ RESPEKTIVE฀ AV฀DEN฀ MEDLEMSSTAT฀ D � R ฀ DOMSTOLEN฀ � R ฀ BE L � GEN฀ BEHANDLAS฀ MER฀ IN G � ENDE฀ I฀ ARTIKLARNA ฀ ฀ OCH฀ ฀ BE SKRIVS฀ NEDAN฀ � R ฀ DET฀ V � R D EFU L L T ฀ ATT฀ F � R ฀ ATT฀ F � R S T� ฀ ARTIKLARNA ฀ ฀ OCH฀ ฀ V ET A ฀ ATT฀DET฀ � LIGGER฀ DEN฀ MEDLEMSSTAT฀ D � R ฀ DOMSTOLEN฀ � R ฀ BE L � GEN฀ ATT฀ S T� ฀ F � R ฀ DEN฀ S T� R STA ฀ DEL EN฀ AV฀ KOSTNADERNA฀ F � R ฀ R � T TffS H J � L P EN
!S฀ A฀ M O RE ฀ GENERAL฀ RULE฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ AU T H O R I S E S ฀ -EMBER฀ 3TATES฀ TO฀ RE EXAMINE฀ ELIGIBILITY฀FOR฀LEGAL฀AID฀AT฀ANY฀STAGE฀IN฀THE฀PROCEEDINGS฀ON฀GROUNDS฀SET฀OUT฀IN฀ !
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4HIS฀CHAPTER฀SETS฀OUT฀THE฀PROCEDURAL฀PRACTICALITIES฀FOR฀AN฀INDIVIDUAL฀APPLYING฀ FOR฀ LEGAL฀AID฀ UNDER฀ THE฀DIRECTIVE฀ ) T ฀COVERS฀ COMPLETION฀OF฀ THE฀ NECESSARY฀ APPLICATION฀ FOR M S ฀ TRANSMISSION฀ OF฀ THE฀ APPLICATION฀ FROM฀ THE฀ IN DI V I D U AL S ฀ H O M E ฀ - EM BER฀3TATE฀TO฀THE฀-EMBER฀3TATE฀WHERE฀THE฀COURT฀IS฀SITTING฀OR฀WHERE฀THE฀DECISION฀ IS฀ TO฀BE฀ ENFORCED฀ LANGUAGE฀ AND฀ T R AN S LATION฀ ISSUES฀ AND฀ RULES฀ FOR฀ PROCE S S ING฀ THE฀ APPLICATION฀ IN฀ THE฀ -EMBER฀3TATE฀ G R AN TING฀ LEGAL฀AID฀ ฀
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