natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
฀ # H A P T E R ฀ ))) ฀ OF฀ 2EGULATION฀ % # ฀.O฀ ฀ CONTAINS฀ RULES฀ON฀ RECOGNITION฀ AND฀ ENFORCEMENT฀ OF฀ JUDGMENTS฀ 4HERE฀ HAVE฀ BEEN฀ A฀ NUMBER฀ OF฀ IMPORTANT฀ INNOVATIONS฀ HERE฀WITH฀ RESPECT฀ TO฀2EGULATION฀ % # ฀.O฀ ฀ & I R S T L Y ฀ HAD฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ BEEN฀ CON l N E D ฀ TO฀ C H AN G E S ฀ TO฀ THE฀MARRIAGE฀ BO N D ฀ JUDGMENTS฀WOULD฀NORMALLY฀HAVE฀AFFECTED฀ONLY฀CIVILSTATUS฀RECORDS฀AND฀NO฀ ENFORCEMENT฀ RULES฀ WOULD฀HAVE฀ BEEN฀ REQUIRED฀ )T฀ WAS฀ THE฀ IN C L U S I ON฀ OF฀ PRO V I SIONS฀ON฀PARENTAL฀RESPONSIBILITY฀THAT฀MADE฀ENFORCEMENT฀PROVISIONS฀NECES S A R Y ฀ IN฀ 2EGULATION฀ % # ฀.O฀ ฀ IN฀ THE฀ lRST฀ PLACE฀ WHICH฀ IS฀ W H Y ฀ 2EGULATION฀ % # ฀.O฀ ฀ HAS฀ A฀ 3ECTION฀ ฀ ON฀ RECOGNITION฀ A฀ 3ECTION฀ ฀ ON฀ DECLARATION฀ OF฀ ENFORCEABILITY฀ AND฀ A฀ 3ECTION฀ ฀ ON฀ COMMON฀ PROVISIONS฀ 3 E CON D L Y ฀ NEW฀ S E C T I O N S ฀ HAVE฀ BEEN฀ A D D E D ฀ 4HESE฀ ARE฀ 3ECTION฀ ฀ ON฀ ENFORCEABILITY฀ OF฀ CERTAIN฀ JUDGMENTS฀ CONCERNING฀ RIGHTS฀ OF฀ ACCESS฀ AND฀OF฀ CERTAIN฀ JUDGMENTS฀ WHICH฀ REQUIRE฀ THE฀ RE T U R N ฀OF฀THE฀ M IN OR฀ AN฀ IMPORTANT฀ ADDITION฀ IN฀ K E EP ING฀ WITH฀ THE฀ 4 A M PER E ฀ M AN D A T E ฀ 3ECTION฀ ฀ ON฀ AU T H E N T I C ฀ INSTRUMENTS฀ AND฀ AGREEMENTS฀ NECESSARY฀ FOR฀ SOME฀ COUNTRIES฀ EVEN฀ IF฀ U N KNOWN฀ IN฀ O T H E R S ฀ AND฀ 3ECTION฀ ฀ ON฀ OTHER฀ PROVISIONS฀ INCLUDING฀ THE฀ ENFORCEMENT฀ PROCEDURE฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ COSTS฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ LEGAL฀AID฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ EXCLUSION฀ OF฀ SECURITY฀ OR฀ BO N D ฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ AND฀ LEGALISATION฀ OR฀ OTHER฀ S I M I L A R ฀ FOR M AL I T I E S ฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ 2 E C O G N I TION฀OF฀ JUDG M E N T S
GENOM฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ I฀ F � R O R D NING฀ %' ฀NR฀ ฀ $ET฀ � R ฀ UPPENBART฀ ATT฀ M � N G A ฀ EUROPEISKA฀ MED B O R G A RE ฀ HAR฀ S V � R T ฀ ATT฀ GODTA฀ ETT฀ S �D AN T ฀ RESULTAT฀ 3 I TU A T I O NEN฀ S K I L J E R ฀ SIG ฀ F � L J A K T LIGEN฀ F R � N ฀ S I TU A T I O NEN฀ ENLIGT฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ I฀ (AAGKONVENTIONEN฀ AV฀DEN฀ ฀ JUNI฀ ฀ SOM฀ N� G R A ฀ MEDLEMSSTATER ฀ � R ฀ P A R T E R ฀ I฀ )฀ DEN฀ ARTIKEL N ฀ FAST S T� L L S ฀ ATT฀ KONVENTIONEN฀ � R ฀ TILL L � M P LIG฀ OAVSETT฀ N� R ฀ � K T ENS K A PS SKILLNAD฀ ELLER฀ HEMSKILLNAD฀ VUNNITS฀ MEN฀ ATT฀ EN฀ F � R D R A G SffS L UTAN DE฀ STAT฀ HAR฀ M � J LIGHET฀ ATT฀ TILL � M P A ฀ KONVENTIONEN฀ ENDAST฀ P � ฀ � K T ENS K A PS SKILLNAD฀ ELLER฀ HEMSKILLNAD฀ SOM฀ VUNNITS฀ EFTER฀ KONVENTIONENS฀ I K R A FT T R �D AN DE
M E R L Y ฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ WHICH฀ RE IN FOR C E S ฀ THE฀ SCOPE฀OF฀ RECOGNITION฀ ) T ฀STIPULATES฀ THAT฀JUDGMENTS฀GIVEN฀IN฀A฀-EMBER฀3TATE฀ARE฀TO฀BE฀RECOGNISED฀IN฀THE฀OTHER฀ -EMBER฀ 3TATES฀ WITHOUT฀ ANY฀ SPECIAL฀ PROCEDURE฀ BEING฀ REQUIRED฀ A฀ PROVISION฀ BASED฀ ON฀ THE฀PRINCIPLE฀ OF฀ M U T U AL ฀ CON l D E N C E ฀ 4HE฀ M O S T ฀ IMPORTANT฀ PO IN T ฀ H O W E V E R ฀ IS฀ THAT฀ NO฀ SPECIAL฀ PROCEDURE฀ IS฀ REQUIRED฀ FOR฀ UPDATING฀ THE฀CIVIL STATUS฀ RE C O R DfiS ฀ OF฀ A฀-EMBER฀3TATE฀ P A R A G R A P H ฀ ฀ SINCE฀ THAT฀ IS฀ TO฀BE฀ D ONE฀ ON฀ THE฀BASIS฀OF฀THE฀JUDGMENT฀GIVEN฀IN฀MATRIMONIAL฀PROCEEDINGS฀ IN฀ANOTHER฀ -EMBER฀3TATE฀ )T฀ IS฀ THUS฀ O B V I O U S ฀ THAT฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ N O W ฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀INTRO DUCED฀AN฀IMPORTANT฀CHANGE฀WHICH฀WILL฀BE฀APPRECIATED฀BY฀%UROPEAN฀CITI Z E N S ฀ GIVEN฀ THAT฀ UPDATING฀ THE฀CIVIL STATUS฀ RE C O R DfiS ฀ IS฀ THE฀ EFFECT฀ M O S T ฀ C O M M ONLY฀ SOUGHT฀ & O L L O W ING฀ ENTRY฀ INTO฀ FOR C E ฀ OF฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ THAT฀ PROVISION฀ WILL฀SAVE฀TIME฀AND฀EXPENSE฀SINCE฀THE฀CIVILSTATUS฀RECORDS฀WILL฀BE฀UPDATED฀ WITHOUT฀ RE Q U I R ING฀ ANY฀ FURTHER฀ DECISION฀ & E W ฀ B I L A T E R AL ฀ AGREEMENTS฀ C U R RE N T L Y ฀ IN฀ FOR C E ฀ HAVE฀ G ONE฀ SO฀ FAR฀ . E V E R T H E LESS฀ PROBLEMS฀ ARISE฀ FROM฀ THE฀ FACT฀ THAT฀ RECOGNITION฀IS฀NOT฀JUDICIAL฀BUT฀IS฀EQUIVALENT฀TO฀RECOGNITION฀FOR฀THE฀PURPOSES฀ OF฀THE฀CIVIL STATUS฀ RE C O R DfiS S ฀
STAT฀ SOM฀HAR฀ BE H � R I G H ET ฀ ENLIGT฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ $ET฀ R � R ฀ SIG ฀ MED฀ BE S T� M D H ET ฀ OM฀ EN฀ TOLKNING฀ F AV O R ฀ N E G O T I I฀ -AN฀ M � S T E ฀ DESSUTOM฀ HA฀ I฀ � T AN K E ฀ ATT฀ ENDAST฀ P OS I T I V A ฀ AV G � RANDEN฀ I฀PRAKTIKEN฀ LEDER฀ TILL฀ EN฀ LAG A K R AF TVU N NEN฀ DOM฀ RE S ฀ I U D I C A TA฀ -AN฀ B� R ฀ S T� L L A ฀ SIG ฀ F R � G AN ฀ OM฀ DENNA฀ TOLKNING฀ ENDAST฀ AVSER฀ � K T ENS K A PS SKILLNAD฀ OCH฀ HEMSKILLNAD฀ ELLER฀ OM฀ DEN฀ �V EN฀ G � L L E R ฀ ANNULLERING฀ %NLIGT฀ " O N OM I S ฀ ฀ � SIKT฀ KAN฀ DENNA฀ TOLKNING฀ INTE฀ TILL � M PAS฀ EFTERSOM฀DET฀ I฀DETTA฀ FALL฀ HAND L A R ฀ OM฀ ETT฀ PROBLEM฀ EX ฀ T UN C ฀ SOM฀ S � L E DES ฀ F � RE LIGGER฀ VID฀ � K T ENS K A P ET S ฀ IN G � ENDE฀ *AG฀ ANSER฀ ATT฀DET฀ INTE฀lNNS N� G O NffS �D AN S K I L L N AD EFTERSOM฀ � K T ENS K A P ET ฀ BE S T� R ฀ S �V � L ฀ VID฀ ETT฀ N E G A T I V T ฀ AV G � RANDE฀ OM฀ � K T ENS K A PS SKILLNAD฀ SOM฀ VID฀ ETT฀ N E G A T I V T ฀ AV G � RANDE฀ OM฀ ANNULLERING฀ OCH฀ DET฀ INTE฀lNNS S K � L ฀ ATT฀ INTE฀ G O D K � N N A ฀ EN฀ NY฀ AN S � KAN
฀ ! ฀ SPECIlC฀ I S SUE฀ FOR฀ 3 P A IN฀ )TALY฀ AND฀ 0O R T U G AL ฀ IS฀ THAT฀ OF฀ CON C O R D A T S ฀ WITH฀ THE฀ ( O L Y ฀ 3 E E ฀ AS฀ REFERRED฀ TO฀ IN฀!RTICLE฀ ฀ FOR M E R L Y ฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ 3 IN C E ฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ IS฀CON l N E D ฀ TO฀ @ CIVIL฀MATTERS฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ IT฀ WOULD฀HAVE฀ BEEN฀ CON SISTENT฀WITH฀THE฀SECULAR฀NATURE฀OF฀THE฀%UROPEAN฀PROJECT฀TO฀LIMIT฀THE฀SCOPE฀ OF฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ TO฀ CIVIL฀ PROCE D U RE S ฀ AND฀ THAT฀ WOULD฀ NOT฀ HAVE฀ IN F R IN G E D ฀ THE฀AGREEMENTS฀WITH฀THE฀(OLY฀3EE฀BUT฀WOULD฀SIMPLY฀HAVE฀CIRCUMSCRIBED฀ THE฀ M A T E R I AL ฀ SCOPE฀OF฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ " U T ฀ THE฀ T H RE E ฀ -EMBER฀ 3TATES฀ REFERRED฀ TO฀HAVE฀ CON C O R D A T S ฀ ALTHOUGH฀ THE฀ CON T ENT฀ IS฀ DIFFERENT฀ IN฀ EACH฀ CASE฀ AND฀ THIS฀ FACT฀ L E D ฀ TO฀ THE฀ IN S E R TION฀OF฀ A฀ PROVISION฀ ON฀ THE฀ M A T T E R
฀ 3OM฀ J A G ฀ TIDIGARE฀ FRAM F � R DE฀ VID฀ BEHANDLINGEN฀ AV฀ LITISPENDENS฀ lNNS DET EN ANNAN฀ REGEL฀ SOM฀ EN SAM ฀ SKULLE฀ KUNNA฀ MOT I V E R A ฀ ANTAGANDET฀ AV฀ F � R ORDNINGEN฀ $ET฀ HAND L A R ฀ OM฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ F D ฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ D � R ฀ E R K � N N AN DET S ฀ R � C K VID D ฀ UT VID G A S ฀ %NLIGT฀ DENNA฀ ARTIKEL฀ SKALL฀ ETT฀ AV G � RANDE฀ SOM฀HAR฀ MED DEL A TffS ฀ I฀ EN฀MEDLEMSSTAT฀ E R K � N NAS฀ I฀DE฀ ANDRA฀ MEDLEMSSTATERNA฀ UTAN฀ ATT฀ N� G O T ฀ S � R S K I L T ฀ F � R F A RANDE฀ BE H �V E R ฀ AN L I TA S ฀ VILKET฀ GRUNDAR฀ SIG ฀ P � ฀ PRINCIPEN฀ OM฀ � M SE S I DIGT฀ F � R T R O ENDE฀ -EN฀ DET฀ VIKTIGASTE ฀ � R ฀ PUNKT฀ ฀ ATT฀ INGET฀ S � R S K I L T ฀ F � R F A RANDE฀ SKALL฀ BE H �V A ฀ AN L I TA S ฀ F � R ฀ UPPDATERING฀ AV฀ UPPGIFTER฀ OM฀ C I VI L S T� N D ฀ I฀ RE L EV AN TA฀ REGISTER ฀ I฀ EN฀MEDLEMSSTAT฀ P � ฀ GRUNDVAL฀ AV฀ ETT฀ I฀ EN฀ ANNAN฀MEDLEMSSTAT฀ MED DEL A T ฀ AV G � RANDE฀ I฀ � K T ENS K A PS M � L ฀ )฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ N U ฀ ฀ IN F � R DES ฀ HELT฀ KLART฀ EN฀ VIKTIG฀ � N D R IN G ฀ SOM฀ TORDE฀ UP PS K ATT A S ฀ AV฀DE฀ EUROPEISKA฀ MED B O R G A R N A ฀ EFTERSOM฀ UPP D A T E R INGEN ฀ AV฀ UPPGIFTER฀ OM฀ C I VI L S T� N D ฀ � R ฀ VAD฀ SOM฀ OF TA S T ฀ EFTER F R � G A S ฀ %F T E R ฀ DET฀ ATT฀ F � R ORDNINGEN฀ T R � T T ฀ I฀KRAFT฀ LEDER฀ DENNA฀ BE S T� M M E L SE฀ TILL฀ BE S P A R IN G ฀ AV฀ B� DE฀ TID ฀ OCH฀ P EN G A R ฀ EFTERSOM฀ UPP D A T E R INGEN ฀ AV฀ C I VI L REG I S T R ET ฀ KOMMER฀ ATT฀ G � RAS฀ UTAN฀ ATT฀DET฀ BE H � VS ฀ N� G O T ฀ YTTERLIGARE฀ AV G � RANDE฀ $ET฀ � R ฀ F � ฀ AV฀DE฀ G � L L AN DE฀ BILATERALA฀ KONVENTIONERNA ฀ SOM฀HAR฀ KOM M I T ฀ S � ฀ L � N G T ฀ $ET฀ UP PS T� R ฀ DOCK฀ PROBLEM฀ P � ฀ GRUND฀ AV฀ ATT฀ E R K � N N AN DET฀ � R ฀ ICKE R � T TffS LIGT฀ MEN฀ LIK V � R DIGT฀ MED฀ E R K � N N AN DET฀ ENLIGT฀ C I VI L REG I S T R ET
! ฀ M A T T E R ฀ OF฀ CON S I D E R ABLE฀ IN T E REST฀ IS฀ THE฀ PROTECTION฀ OF฀ D EF E N C E ฀ RIGHTS฀ IN฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ UNDER฀ C AN ON฀ LAW฀ AS฀ REFERRED฀ TO฀ BY฀ " A R A T T A฀ ฀IN฀RELATION฀TO฀THE฀ JUDGMENT฀ OF฀ THE฀ %UROPEAN฀ #OURT฀ OF฀ ( U M AN฀ 2 I G H T S ฀ OF฀ ฀ *U L Y ฀ ฀ ฀ )N฀ ADDITION฀ DEFAULT฀ OF฀ APPEARANCE฀ BY฀ THE฀ RE S PO N D ENT฀ IN฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ UNDER฀ CANON฀LAW฀MAY฀RAISE฀QUESTIONS฀RELATING฀TO฀THE฀PRINCIPLE฀OF฀FREEDOM฀OF฀RELI G I ON฀ AND฀ THE฀ NON D E N O M I NATIONAL฀ NATURE฀ OF฀ THE฀3TATE฀
% R K � N N AN DE฀ UTAN฀ ATT฀ N� G O T ฀ S � R S K I L T ฀ F � R F A RANDE฀ BE H �V E R ฀ F � L J A S ฀ N �D V � N D I G GJORDE฀ DEN฀ GARANTI฀ SOM฀ M � JL I G HETEN฀ ATT฀ V � C K A ฀ TALAN฀ IN N E B� R ฀ I฀ ENLIGHET฀MED฀ DET฀ F � R F A RANDE฀ SOM฀ F � RE SKRIVS฀ I฀ S J � L V A ฀ F � R ORDNINGEN฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ VILKET฀ � R ฀ SAMMA฀ F � R F A RANDE฀ SOM฀ FAST S T� L L S ฀ F � R ฀ VERK S T� L L I G HETEN฀
฀ 7 I T H ฀ REGARD฀ TO฀ GROUNDS฀ OF฀ NON RECOGNITION฀ OR฀ NON ENFORCEMENT฀ ! R T I C L E S ฀ ฀ AND฀ ฀ FOR M E R L Y ฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ FOLLOW฀!RTICLE฀ ฀OF฀THE฀ ฀ "RUSSELS฀ #ONVENTION฀ ALTHOUGH฀ THE฀GROUNDS฀OF฀ NON RECOGNITION฀ PROVIDED฀ FOR฀ IN฀ THE฀ ฀ (AGUE฀#ONVENTION฀ ON฀ THE฀0ROTECTION฀ OF฀#HILDREN฀ ALSO฀ HAD฀ TO฀BE฀ TAKEN฀INTO฀CONSIDERATION฀IN฀ORDER฀TO฀ENSURE฀HARMONIOUS฀APPLICATION฀OF฀THAT฀ CONVENTION฀ AND฀ THE฀#OMMUNITY฀ INSTRUMENT฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ SETS฀OUT฀ THE฀
฀ )฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ F D ฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ BEHANDLAS฀ EN฀ F R � G A ฀ SOM฀ S � R S K I L T ฀ R � R ฀ 3 P AN I EN฀ ) TA LIEN฀ OCH฀ 0ORTUGAL ฀ N� M LIGEN฀ KONKORDATEN฀MED฀(ELIGA฀ STOLEN฀ /M฀ F � R ORDNINGEN฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ ENDAST฀ OMFATTAR฀ C I VI L R � T TffS L I G A ฀ F R � G O R ฀ SKULLE฀ DET฀ HA฀ �V E R ENS S T� MT ฀ MED฀ BEGREPPET ฀ ETT฀ K O NFE SffS I O NffS L � S T ฀ % UR O P A ฀ ATT฀ BE G R � NffS A ฀ F � R O R D N INGEN S ฀ R � C K VID D ฀ TILL฀ C I VI L R � T TffS L I G A ฀ F � R F A RANDEN฀ VILKET฀ INTE฀ HADE฀ UT GJORT฀ ETT฀ BROTT฀ MOT฀ F � R D R A GEN฀ MED฀ ( E L I G A ฀ STOLEN฀ UTAN฀ EN฀ AV G R � NffS NING฀ AV฀ F � R O R D N INGEN S ฀ MATERIELLA฀ R � C K VID D ฀ -EN฀ DESSA฀ T RE ฀ STATER฀ HAR฀ KON K O R D A TEN฀ � ฀ OM฀ � N ฀ OLIKA฀ TILL฀ IN N E H � L L ฀ � ฀ OCH฀ KON K O R D A TEN฀ HAR฀ VARIT฀ AV G � RANDE฀ F � R ฀ IN F � R AN DET฀ AV฀ EN฀ REGEL
GROUNDS฀ OF฀ NON RECOGNITION฀OF฀ JUDGMENTS฀ RELATING฀ TO฀ A฀ DI V O R C E ฀ LEGAL฀ SEPARATION฀ OR฀MARRIAGE฀ AN N U L MENT฀ WHILE฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ SETS฀OUT฀ THE฀GROUNDS฀OF฀ NON RECOGNITION฀OF฀ JUDGMENTS฀ RELATING฀ TO฀ PARENTAL฀ RESPONSIBILITY฀ 4HE฀ RE A S ON฀ FOR฀ THE฀ DISTINCTION฀ IS฀ THAT฀ ALTHOUGH฀ BOTH฀ T Y P E S ฀ OF฀ JUDGMENT฀ ARE฀ C L O S E L Y ฀ CON N E C T E D ฀ WITH฀ THE฀ M A T R I M O N I AL ฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ THEY฀ MAY฀ HAVE฀ BEEN฀ GIVEN฀ BY฀ DIFFERENT฀ AUTHORITIES฀ D E PENDING฀ ON฀ THE฀ IN T E R N AL ฀ DIS T R I BU TION฀OF฀ JURISDICTION฀ WITHIN฀ THE฀3TATE฀OF฀ ORIGIN฀ !
%TT฀ � M N E ฀ AV฀ STORT฀ INTRESSE฀ � R ฀ SKYDDET฀ F � R ฀ R � T TEN฀ TILL฀ F � R S VAR฀ I฀ PRO C EffS SE R ฀ ENLIGT฀ KAN O N I S K ฀ R � T T ฀ VILKET฀ " A R ATT A ฀ ฀BEHANDLAR฀ I฀SAMBAND฀MED฀DOMEN฀I฀ %UROPEISKA฀ DOMSTOLEN฀ F � R ฀ DE฀ M � NffS K L I G A ฀ R � T T I G HETERNA฀ AV฀DEN฀ ฀ JULI฀ ฀ ฀ $ET฀ FAKTUM฀ ATT฀ SVARANDEN฀ INTE฀ IN S T� L L DE฀ SIG ฀ I฀ R � T TEN฀ KAN฀ GE ฀ UPP H O V ฀ TILL฀ F R � G O R ฀ SOM฀ SAMMA N H � N GE R ฀ MED฀ PRINCIPEN฀ OM฀ RE L I G I O NffS F R I H ET ฀ OCH฀ STATENS฀ K O NFE SffS I O NffS L � S A ฀ N A TUR฀
฀ /F ฀ THE฀ GROUNDS฀ FOR฀ NON RECOGNITION฀OF฀ JUDGMENTS฀ IN฀MATRIMONIAL฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ THE฀ lRST฀ AND฀ THE฀ ONE฀ WHICH฀ RAISES฀ S E N S I T I V I T I E S ฀ AMONG฀ -EMBER฀ 3TATES฀ IS฀ THE฀ FACT฀ THAT฀ THE฀ JUDGMENT฀ IS฀CON T R A R Y ฀ TO฀ PUBLIC฀ PO L I C Y ฀ IN฀ THE฀ REQUESTED฀ 3TATE฀ & OR฀ THAT฀ RE A S ON฀ THE฀ PROVISION฀ N E E DfiS ฀ TO ฀EX A M IN E D ฀ IN฀ CON JU N C TION฀ WITH฀ ! R T I C L E S ฀ ฀ FOR M E R L Y ฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ ฀ FOR M E R L Y ฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ AND฀ ฀ FOR M E R L Y ฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀
฀ .� R ฀ DET฀ G � L L E R ฀ S K � LEN฀ F � R ฀ UT E B L I V ET ฀ E R K � N N AN DE฀ ELLER฀ UT E B L I V EN฀ VERK S T� L LIGHET฀ F � L J E R ฀ ARTIKLARNA ฀ ฀ OCH฀ ฀ F D ฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ I฀ ฀ � R S ฀ KONVENTION฀ MEN฀ DET฀ VAR฀ �V EN฀ N �D V � N DIGT฀ ATT฀ TA฀ I฀ BE A K T AN DE฀ DE฀ ANLEDNING A R ฀ TILL฀ UT E B L I V ET ฀ E R K � N N AN DE฀ SOM฀ F � RE SKRIVS฀ I฀ ฀ � R S ฀ (AAGKONVENTION ฀ OM฀ SKYDD฀ F � R ฀ BARN฀ F � R ฀ ATT฀ S � K E R S T� L L A ฀ EN฀ HAR M O N I SE RAD฀ TILL � M P NING฀ AV฀ DENNA฀ KONVENTION฀ OCH฀ GEMENSKAPSINSTRU M EN TET ฀ $ESSUTOM฀ AVSER฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ S K � LEN฀ F � R ฀ UT E B L I V ET ฀ E R K � N N AN DE฀ AV฀ AV G � RANDEN฀ OM฀ HEMSKILLNAD฀ � K T ENS K A PS SKILLNAD฀ ELLER฀ ANNULLERING฀ AV฀ � K T ENS K A P ฀ MED AN ฀ S K � LEN฀ F � R ฀ UT E B L I V ET ฀ E R K � N N AN DE฀ AV฀ DOMAR฀ SOM฀ R � R ฀ AN S VAR S F R � G O R ฀ OCH฀ SOM฀HAR฀ MED DEL A TffS ฀ MED฀ ANKNYTNING฀ TILL฀ ETT฀ � K T ENS K A PS M � L ฀ ANGES฀ I฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ !
4HE฀ SECOND฀ GROUND฀OF฀ NON RECOGNITION฀ IS฀ DEFAULT฀ OF฀ APPEARANCE฀ BY฀ THE฀ RE S PO N D ENT฀ 4HE฀ T E X T ฀ OF฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀OF฀THE฀ ฀ "RUSSELS฀ )) ฀ #ONVENTION฀ WAS฀ A MENDED฀ ON฀ THIS฀ PO IN T ฀ FOLLOWING฀ THE฀ A M E N D MENT฀ MADE฀ TO฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀OF฀THE฀"RUSSELS฀)฀ #ONVENTION฀ ฀ 4HE฀ E A R L I E R ฀ PROVISION฀ WAS฀ A MENDED฀ TO฀ INTRODUCE฀SOME฀mEXIBILITY฀INTO฀THE฀REQUIREMENTS฀FOR฀PROPER฀NOTIlCATION฀BY฀ R EP L A C ING฀ THE฀ W O R DfiS ฀ @ WAS฀ NOT฀ D U L Y ฀ SERVED฀ BY฀ @ WAS฀ NOT฀ SERVED฀ x ฀ IN฀ SUCH฀ A฀ WAY฀ 4HE฀ D AN G E R ฀ IS฀ THAT฀ IN฀ P R A C T I C E ฀ THERE฀ IS฀ A฀ T E N D E NCY ฀ TO฀ INTERPRET฀ @ WAS฀ NOT฀ SERVED฀ x ฀ IN฀ SUCH฀ A฀ WAY฀ AS฀ M E AN ING฀ @ WAS฀ NOT฀ D U L Y ฀ SERVED฀ ฀ )T฀ ALSO฀ STANDS฀TO฀REASON฀THAT฀THAT฀GROUND฀OF฀NONRECOGNITION฀CANNOT฀BE฀USED฀IF฀THE฀ RE S PO N D ENT฀ HAS฀ A C C EP T E D ฀ THE฀ JUDGMENT฀ U N E Q U I V O C AL L Y ฀ AS฀ FOR฀ IN S T ANCE฀ BY฀ R EM A R R Y IN G
N L E D NINGEN฀ TILL฀ DENNA฀ UPP DEL NING฀ � R ฀ ATT฀ DESSA฀ B �D A ฀ SLAG ฀ AV฀ AV G � RANDEN฀ VISS E R LIGEN฀ N� R A ฀ SAMMA N H � N GE R ฀ MED฀ � K T ENS K A PS M � L ฀ MEN฀ KAN฀ HA฀ F � L L TffS ฀ AV฀ OLIKA฀ MYNDIGHETER฀ P � ฀ GRUND฀ AV฀DEN฀ INTERNA ฀ UPPDELNINGEN฀ AV฀ BE H � R I G H ET ฀ I฀URSPRUNGSSTATEN฀ %N฀ ANNAN฀ O R SAK฀ TILL฀ UPPDELNINGEN฀ � R ฀ ATT฀ � K T ENS K A PS M � L ฀ OCH฀ M � L ฀ OM฀ F � R � L D R A ANSVAR฀ INTE฀ � R ฀ I DEN T I SKA฀ OCH฀ ATT฀ S K � LEN฀ F � R ฀ UT E B L I V ET ฀ E R K � N N AN DE฀ D � R F � R ฀ INTE฀ KAN฀ VARA฀ DE SAMMA฀ I฀ B �D A ฀ FALL EN
5 N D E R S T AN D ING฀ THE฀GROUNDS฀OF฀ NON RECOGNITION฀ SET฀ OUT฀ IN฀ S U B P A R A G R A P H S ฀ C ฀ AND฀ D ฀ WHICH฀ REFER฀ TO฀ I R RE CON C I L ABLE฀ JUDGMENTS฀ IS฀ NO฀ E A S Y ฀ M A T T E R ฀ )N฀ RE AL I T Y ฀ THEY฀ARE฀ A฀ RE S PO N S E ฀ TO฀ A฀ PRACTICAL฀ NEED฀ BUT฀ THE฀ SOLU TION฀ ADOPTED฀ IS฀ U N D O U BT E D L Y ฀ OPEN฀ TO฀ QUESTION฀
%' ฀NR฀ 4 ฀ $ET฀ SOM฀ F � R ฀ �V R I G T ฀ REDAN฀ IN T R � F F A DE฀ I฀DEN฀ S P AN SKA฀ URSPRUNGSVERSIONEN฀AV฀ F � R O R D N INGEN S ฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ D � R ฀ DET฀ S T O D ฀ v DE฀ FORM A ฀ REG U L A R v ฀ v P � ฀ R � T T ฀ S � T T v ฀ TILL฀ SKILLNAD฀ F R � N ฀ I฀ ANDRA฀ S P R � K VERSION E R ฀ $ETTA฀ F E L ฀ VAR฀ R � T TA T ฀ I฀DEN฀ R � T T E L SE฀ SOM฀ OF F EN T L I G G JO R DES ฀ I฀%' 4 ฀ , ฀ ฀ ฀ 3 E ฀ �V EN฀ 0 ฀ * I M � N E Z ฀ " L AN C O ฀ v , A ฀ RE D AC C I � N ฀ E R R � N E A ฀ DEL ฀ ART฀ ฀ DE฀ L A ฀ V E R S I � N ฀ EffS P A � O L A ฀ DEL ฀ 2 EGL A M EN T O ฀ # % ฀ N� MER O ฀ ฀ RE L A T I V O ฀ A ฀ L A ฀ C OM P ET EN C I A ฀ JU D I C I A L ฀ E L ฀ RE C O N O C I M I EN T O ฀ Y ฀ L A ฀ E J E C U C I � N ฀ DE฀ RESOLUCIONES฀JUDICIALES฀EN฀MATERIA฀ C I VI L ฀ Y ฀ MER C AN T I L v ฀ 2 EV I STA ฀ % S P A � O L A ฀ DE฀ $E RE C H O ฀ )NTER N AC I O N A L ฀ ฀ ฀ OCH฀ ฀ S ฀ � ฀
N C E L ฀ AND฀ ( ฀ - U I R ฀ 7 A T T ฀ @ , A฀ D � S U N I ON฀ E U R OP �E N N E ฀ L E ฀ R � G L E MENT฀ D IT฀ @ @ " R U X E L L E S ฀ ) ฀ ฀ OP ฀ C IT฀ P P ฀ n
L � S NINGAR฀ SOM฀ IN G � R ฀ I฀ PUNKT฀ ฀ I฀ " O R R � S RAPPORTEN฀OCH฀SOM฀ D I S K UT E RAS฀ AV฀ BLAND ฀ ANDRA฀ " ฀ !
4HE฀ lRST฀ OF฀ THOSE฀ GROUNDS฀ IS฀ THAT฀ THE฀ JUDGMENT฀ IN฀ THE฀-EMBER฀3TATE฀OF฀ ORIGIN฀IS฀IRRECONCILABLE฀WITH฀A฀JUDGMENT฀GIVEN฀IN฀PROCEEDINGS฀BETWEEN฀THE฀ SAME฀ PARTIES฀ IN฀ THE฀-EMBER฀ 3TATE฀IN฀WHICH฀RECOGNITION฀IS฀ SOUGHT฀ RE G A R D LESS฀OF฀WHETHER฀THE฀JUDGMENT฀IN฀THE฀LATTER฀-EMBER฀3TATE฀IS฀EARLIER฀OR฀LATER฀ THAN฀ THE฀ ONE฀ IN฀ THE฀3TATE฀OF฀ ORIGIN฀ )N฀ P R A C T I C E ฀ THAT฀ IS฀ A฀ P U RE L Y ฀ M A R G IN AL ฀ IN S T ANCE฀ WHICH฀ WILL฀ O C C U R ฀ ONLY฀ IF฀ THE฀ LIS฀ PENDENS฀ RULE฀ IN฀!RTICLE฀ ฀ ALREADY฀ REFERRED฀ TO฀ HAS฀ NOT฀ O PER A T E D ฀ PRO PER L Y ฀ 4HE฀ SECOND฀ G R O U N D ฀ REFERS฀ TO฀ CASES฀ IN฀WHICH฀ THE฀ JUDGMENT฀ WHETHER฀ GIVEN฀ IN฀ANOTHER฀ -EMBER฀3TATE฀ OR฀ IN฀ A฀NON MEMBER฀ 3TATE฀ BETWEEN฀ THE฀ SAME฀ PARTIES฀ M E E T S ฀ TWO฀ CONDITIONS฀ IT฀ WAS฀ GIVEN฀EARLIER฀AND฀IT฀FULlLS฀THE฀CONDITIONS฀NECESSARY฀FOR฀ITS฀RECOGNITION฀IN฀
$ET฀ � R ฀ INTE฀ L � T T ฀ ATT฀ F � R S T� ฀ DE฀ S K � L ฀ F � R ฀ ATT฀ V � G R A ฀ E R K � N N AN DE฀ SOM฀ � T E R GES฀ I฀ PUNKT E R N A ฀ C ฀ OCH฀ D ฀ OCH฀ SOM฀ AVSER฀ DE฀ FALL฀ D � ฀ AV G � RANDENA฀ � R ฀ OF � R EN L I G A ฀ MED฀ TIDIGARE฀ DOMAR฀ )฀ VERK L I G HETEN฀ MOTSVARAR ฀ DE฀ ETT฀ PRAKTISKT ฀ BEHOV ฀ MEN฀ L � S NINGEN฀ � R ฀ UTAN฀ T V E KAN฀ D I S K UT A BE L ฀
THE฀-EMBER฀ 3TATE฀IN฀WHICH฀RECOGNITION฀IS฀ SOUGHT฀ 4HAT฀ TOO ฀ IS฀ A฀ COMPLEX฀ PROVISION฀ WHICH฀MAY฀ BE฀ OF฀ PRACTICAL฀ S I G N I l C ANCE฀ P A R T I C U L A R L Y ฀ IN฀ RELATION฀ TO฀ JUDGMENTS฀GIVEN฀IN฀THIRD฀3TATES฀AND฀THE฀CONDITIONS฀UNDER฀WHICH฀THEY฀ARE฀ RECOGNISED฀ IN฀ THE฀-EMBER฀ 3 T A T E S
$ET฀ F � R STA ฀ S K � L ET ฀ R � R ฀ S �D AN A ฀ FALL฀ D � ฀ DOMEN฀ � R ฀ OF � R EN LIG฀ MED฀ EN฀ DOM฀ SOM฀HAR฀ MED DEL A TffS ฀ I฀ EN฀ TVIST฀ MELLAN฀ SAMMA฀ P A R T E R ฀ I฀DEN฀MEDLEMSSTAT฀ D � R ฀ DOMEN฀ G � R S ฀ G � L L AN DE฀ OBEROENDE฀ AV฀ OM฀ DOMEN฀ MED DEL A DES ฀ F � RE ฀ ELLER฀ EFTER฀ DEN฀ DOM฀ SOM฀ MED DEL A TffS ฀ I฀ URSPRUNGSMEDLEMSSTATEN฀ )฀ PRAKTIKEN฀ � R ฀ DETTA฀ FALL฀ M A R G IN E L L T ฀ EFTERSOM฀DET฀ ENDAST฀ IN T R � F F A R ฀ D � ฀ DEN฀ TIDIGARE฀ N� M N D A ฀ BE S T� M M E L SE N ฀ OM฀ LITISPENDENS฀ I฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ INTE฀HAR฀ F UN GE R A T ฀ P � ฀ R � T T ฀ S � T T ฀ $ET฀ ANDRA฀ S K � L ET ฀ R � R ฀ S �D AN A ฀ FALL฀ D � ฀ DOMEN฀ VARE ฀ SIG ฀ DEN฀ MED DEL A TffS ฀ I฀ EN฀ ANNAN฀MEDLEMSSTAT฀ ELLER฀ I฀ EN฀ ICKE MEDLEMSSTAT฀ I฀ EN฀ TVIST฀ MELLAN฀ SAMMA฀ P A R T E R ฀ UPPFYLLER฀ F � L JANDE฀ T V�฀ VILLKOR฀ DEN฀ HAR฀ MED DEL A TffS ฀ TIDIGARE฀ OCH฀ DEN฀ UPPFYLLER฀ DE฀ N �D V � N D I G A ฀ VILLKOREN ฀ F � R ฀ E R K � N N AN DE฀ I฀DEN฀ STAT฀ D � R ฀ DOMEN฀ G � R S ฀ G � L L AN DE฀ $ET฀ � R ฀ YTTERLIGARE฀ EN฀ KOMPLICERAD ฀ BE S T� M M E L SE฀ SOM฀ KAN฀ HA฀ PRAKTISK฀ BETYDELSE฀ FRAM F � R ฀ ALLT฀ I฀ SAMBAND฀MED฀ DOMAR฀ SOM฀ MED DEL A S ฀ I฀ T RE D J E L � N DE R ฀ OCH฀ DE฀ VILLKOR฀ P � ฀ VILKA฀ S �D AN A ฀ DOMAR฀ E R K � N NffS ฀ I฀ MEDLEMSSTATERNA
฀ & OR฀ IN S T ANCE฀ ! N N E X ฀ ) ฀ TO฀ #OUNCIL฀ 2EGULATION฀ % # ฀.O฀ ฀ WAS฀ A MENDED฀ FOR฀ THE฀ .ETHERLANDS฀BY฀#OMMISSION฀ 2EGULATION฀ % # ฀.O฀ ฀ OF฀ ฀ *U L Y ฀ ฀ / * ฀ , ฀ ฀ 23a4225a3;27avguvqaGP
$ET฀ B� R ฀ BE T O NAS฀ ATT฀ TILL฀ SKILLNAD฀ F R � N ฀ I฀ "RYSSEL฀) F � R ORDNINGEN฀ DEN฀DOMSTOL฀ VID฀ VILKEN฀ EXEKVATUR฀ BE G � R S ฀ KAN฀ A VS L � ฀ BE G � R AN ฀ P � ฀ DE฀ GRUNDER฀ SOM฀ ANGES฀ I฀
฀ 3 P E C I l C ฀ RULES฀ CONCERNING฀ RIGHTS฀ OF฀ ACCESS฀ AND฀ JUDGMENTS฀ REQUIRING฀THE฀RETURN฀OF฀THE฀CHILD
฀ 3 � R SKILDA฀ REGLER฀ F � R ฀ UM G � N GE S R � T T ฀ OCH฀ DOMAR฀ ฀ ฀ OM฀ � T E R L � M N AN DE฀ AV฀ BARN
฀ 4HE฀ SUBSTANTIVE฀ PROVISIONS฀ OF฀ 2EGULATION฀ % # ฀.O฀ ฀ WERE฀ CON l N E D ฀ TO฀ THE฀ MATTERS฀ DIS C U S S E D ฀ ABOVE฀ ( O W E V E R ฀ A฀ NEW฀ S E C TION฀ WAS฀ A D D E D ฀ TO฀2EGULATION฀ % # ฀.O฀ ฀ ON฀ THE฀ ENFORCEABILITY฀ OF฀ CERTAIN฀ JUDGMENTS฀ CONCERNING฀ RIGHTS฀ OF฀ ACCESS฀ AND฀ THE฀ RE T U R N ฀ OF฀ A฀ C H I L D ฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ ! ฀ T Y P E ฀ OF฀ @ %UROPEAN฀ ENFORCEMENT฀ ORDER฀ HAS฀ IN฀ EFFECT฀ BEEN฀ C RE A T E D ฀ / N ฀ THE฀ ONE฀ H AND฀ RIGHTS฀ OF฀ ACCESS฀ G R AN T E D ฀ IN฀ AN฀ ENFORCEABLE฀ JUDGMENT฀ GIVEN฀ IN฀ A฀-EMBER฀3TATE฀ @SHALL฀ BE฀ RECOGNISED฀ AND฀ ENFORCEABLE฀ IN฀ ANOTHER฀-EMBER฀ 3TATE฀WITHOUT฀THE฀NEED฀FOR฀A฀DECLARATION฀OF฀ENFORCEABILITY฀AND฀WITHOUT฀ANY฀ POSSIBILITY฀ OF฀ OP PO S ING฀ ITS฀ RECOGNITION฀ PROVIDED฀ THAT฀ THE฀ JUDGMENT฀ @HAS฀ BEEN฀ C E R T I l E D ฀ IN฀ THE฀-EMBER฀3TATE฀OF฀ ORIGIN฀ IN฀ ACCORDANCE฀WITH฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ AND฀ U S ING฀ THE฀ STANDARD฀ FORM฀ IN฀ ! N N E X ฀ ))) ฀ 4HIS฀ PROVISION฀ SHOULD฀BE฀ LINKED฀ TO฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ WHICH฀ PROVIDES฀ THAT฀ THE฀COURTS฀OF฀ THE฀ -EMBER฀3TATE฀ OF฀ENFORCEMENT฀@MAY฀MAKE฀PRACTICAL฀ARRANGEMENTS฀FOR฀ORGANISING฀THE฀EXER C I S E ฀ OF฀ RIGHTS฀ OF฀ ACCESS฀ IF฀ NO฀ SUCH฀ ARRANGEMENTS฀ HAVE฀ BEEN฀ MADE฀ BY฀ THE฀ COURTS฀HAVING฀ JURISDICTION฀AND฀ SUBJECT฀ AT฀ ALL฀ TIMES฀ TO฀ ANY฀ ARRANGEMENTS฀ WHICH฀ SUCH฀ COURTS฀ MAY฀ MAKE฀ S U B S E Q U E N T L Y
฀ $E ฀ MATERIELLA฀ BE S T� M M E L SE R N A ฀ I฀ F � R O R D NING฀ %' ฀NR฀ ฀ A VS L UT A DES ฀ MED฀ DE฀ BE S T� M M E L SE R ฀ SOM฀ JAG฀HAR฀ REDOGJORT฀ F � R ฀ )฀DEN฀NYLIGEN฀ ANTAGNA฀ F � R ORDNINGEN฀ HAR฀ MAN฀ EMELLERTID฀ IN F � R T ฀ ETT฀ N Y T T ฀ AVSNITT฀ OM฀ VERK S T� L L B A R H ET ฀ AV฀ VISSA฀ DOMAR฀ OM฀ UM G � N GE ฀ OCH฀ AV฀ VISSA฀ DOMAR฀ SOM฀ K R �V E R ฀ � T E R L � M N AN DE฀ AV฀ BARN฀ TILL฀ F � L J D ฀ AV฀ EN฀ DOM฀ SOM฀ MED DEL A TffS ฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ $ET฀ SOM฀ SKULLE฀ KUNNA฀ B EN � M NAS฀ EN฀ v EUROPE I S K ฀ EX E K UT I O NffS T I T E L v ฀ HAR฀ IN F � R TffS ฀ P � ฀ OM R � DET฀ 3 �D AN T ฀ UM G � N GE ฀ SOM฀HAR฀ BE VI L J A TffS ฀ GENOM฀EN฀ VERK S T� L L B A R ฀ DOM฀ I฀ EN฀MEDLEMSSTAT฀ vSKALL฀ E R K � N NAS฀ OCH฀ VARA฀ VERK S T� L L B ART฀ I฀ EN฀ ANNAN฀MEDLEMSSTAT฀ UTAN฀ ATT฀DET฀ BE H � VS ฀ N� G O N ฀ VERK S T� L L B A R H ET S F � R K L A R IN Gfiv ฀ OM฀ DOMEN฀ vHAR฀ F � R S ETT S ฀ MED฀ ETT฀ INTYG฀ I฀URSPRUNGSMEDLEMSSTATENv฀ I฀ENLIGHET฀MED฀ARTIKEL฀ ฀ OCH฀ I฀ �V E R ENS S T� M M E L SE฀ MED฀ STA N D A R D FORM U L � R ET ฀ I฀ BILAGA ฀ ))) ฀ $ENNA฀ BE S T� M M E L SE฀ SKALL฀ S � T TA S ฀ I฀ RELATION฀ TILL฀ BE S T� M M E L SE N ฀ I฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ ENLIGT฀ VILKEN฀ DOMSTOLARNA฀ I฀DEN฀ VERK S T� L L AN DE฀ MEDLEMSSTATEN฀ v F � R ฀ BESLUTA฀ OM฀ DE฀ PRAKTISKA฀ ARRANGEMANGEN฀ F � R ฀ UT �V AN DE฀ AV฀ UM G � N GE T v ฀ OM฀DEN฀DOMSTOL฀ SOM฀ � R ฀ BE H � R I G ฀ ATT฀ P R �V A ฀ M � L ET ฀ INTE฀HAR฀ FAST S T� L L T ฀ DEM ฀ UNDER฀ F � R UT S � T T NING฀ ATT฀ DE฀ N� M N D A ฀ MYNDIGHETERNA ฀ G O D K � N N E R ฀ DEM
4HE฀ SAME฀ BE N E l T ฀ OF฀ ENFORCEABILITY฀ IS฀ G R AN T E D ฀ TO฀ A฀ JUDGMENT฀ RE Q U I R ING฀ THE฀ RE T U R N ฀ OF฀ A฀ C H I L D ฀ ON฀ THE฀ CONDITIONS฀ SET฀ OUT฀ IN฀!RTICLE฀
$ESSUTOM฀ TILL � M PAS฀ SAMMA฀ F � R F A RANDE฀ P � ฀ ETT฀ BARNS฀ � T E R L � M N AN DE฀ SOM฀ F � L J E R ฀ AV฀ EN฀ DOM฀ ENLIGT฀ VILLKOREN ฀ I฀ ARTIKEL฀
฀ 4HE฀ PO S I TIVE฀ E X PER I E N C E ฀ OF฀ THE฀(AGUE฀ CONVENTIONS฀ IN฀ THE฀ A RE A฀ OF฀ C O O PER A TION฀BETWEEN฀AUTHORITIES฀ON฀MATTERS฀RELATING฀TO฀THE฀PROTECTION฀OF฀CHILDREN฀ INTERNATIONAL฀ R EM O V AL S ฀ INTERNATIONAL฀ ADOPTION฀ WAS฀ R Em E C T E D ฀ DURING฀ THE฀ REVISION฀OF฀THE฀"RUSSELS฀))฀2EGULATION฀BY฀THE฀ADDITION฀OF฀A฀NEW฀#HAPTER฀)6฀
$� R IGENOM฀ HAR฀ OM P R �V NINGEN฀ I฀URSPRUNGSSTATEN฀ ERSATT฀ OM P R �V NINGEN฀ I฀DEN฀ANMODADE฀ STATEN฀ I฀ F R � G A ฀ OM฀ AV G � R AN DET฀ IN F � R ฀ UT F � R D AN DET฀ AV฀ MOTSVARANDE฀ INTYG฀ VAR IGENOM฀ DET฀ HINDER฀ P � ฀ DESSA฀ OM R � DEN฀ SOM฀ DEN฀ ANMODADE฀ STATENS฀ GRUNDER฀ F � R ฀ R � T TffS ORDNINGEN฀ ALLTID฀ HAR฀ INNEBURIT฀ HAR฀ F � R S VU N N I T ฀ $ET฀ R � DE R ฀ INGET฀ TVIVEL฀ OM฀ ATT฀ DESSA฀ BE S T� M M E L SE R ฀ KOMMER฀ ATT฀ HA฀ EN฀ M Y C K ET฀POSITIV฀ EF F E K T ฀ P � ฀ BARNETS฀ B� STA ฀ GENOM฀ATT฀DET฀BLIR฀ L � T TA RE ฀ ATT฀ N� ฀ B �D A ฀ F � R � L D R A R N A ฀ OCH฀ O LAG LIGT฀ B ORT F � RANDE฀ ELLER฀ KVAR H � L L AN DE฀ I฀PRAKTIKEN฀ KOMMER฀ ATT฀ F � RE B Y G G A S ฀ $ESSA฀ REGLER฀ IN F � R DES ฀ UTAN฀ TVIVEL฀ UNDER฀ P � VERKAN฀ AV฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ I฀ ฀ � R S ฀ (AAGKONVENTION ฀ OM฀ SKYDD฀ F � R ฀ BARN฀ VARS฀ SYFTE฀ O C K S � ฀ � R ฀ ATT฀ F � RE B Y G G A ฀ B ORT F � RANDEN฀ OCH฀ UNDER L � T TA฀ UM G � N GE T
D E V O T E D ฀ TO฀ THAT฀ SUBJECT฀ )T฀ SHOULD฀ ALSO฀ BE฀ N O T E D ฀ THAT฀ THE฀ CENTRAL฀ AUTHORITIES฀ OF฀THE฀-EMBER฀3TATES฀OF฀THE฀%UROPEAN฀#OMMUNITY฀DESIGNATED฀UNDER฀THE฀ ฀ (AGUE฀#ONVENTION฀ ON฀ THE฀ 2 EM O V AL ฀ OF฀#HILDREN฀ HAD฀ ALREADY฀ BEEN฀ H O L D ING฀ INFORMAL฀ AND฀ H I G H L Y ฀ S U C C E S S FU L ฀ M E E T IN G S
฀ $EN฀ P OS I T I V A ฀ E R F A R EN HETEN฀ AV฀ (AAGKONVENTION E R N A ฀ N� R ฀ DET฀ G � L L E R ฀ SAMARBETE฀MELLAN฀ MYNDIGHETER฀ P � ฀ OM R � DEN฀ SOM฀ R � R ฀ SKYDD฀ F � R ฀ BARN฀ INTERNATIONELLA฀ B ORT F � RANDEN฀ AV฀ BARN฀ INTERNATIONELLA฀ A DO PT I O N E R ฀HAR฀HAFT฀EN฀POSITIV฀ IN VERKAN฀ P � ฀ OM A R BE T NINGEN฀ AV฀"RYSSEL฀ )) F � R ORDNINGEN฀ OCH฀ D � R F � R ฀ HAR฀ ETT฀ N Y T T ฀ KAPITEL ฀ )6฀ OM฀ DETTA฀ � M N E ฀ IN F � R TffS ฀ -AN฀ B� R ฀ DESSUTOM฀ INTE฀ G L � M M A ฀ ATT฀ DE฀ CENTRALMYNDIGHETER฀ I฀ %UROPEISKA฀ GEMENSKAPENS฀ MEDLEMSSTATER ฀ SOM฀ UT S � G S ฀ F � R ฀ ฀ � R S ฀ (AAGKONVENTION ฀ OM฀ B ORT F � RANDEN฀ AV฀ BARN฀ B R U K A DE฀ M � TA S ฀ INFORMELLT฀ OCH฀ ATT฀ DE฀ M � T EN A ฀ VAR฀ MYCKET฀ P OS I T I V A