natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Apart from difficulties already mentioned above, medical checks on absences are complicated by a number of shortcomings and constraints, which have a considerable impact on their effectiveness. 
Vid sidan av de redan nmnda svrigheterna kompliceras de medicinska kontrollerna i frnvarofall ven av ett antal brister och begrnsningar som i betydande grad inverkar p deras ndamlsenlighet.
Multiple duties of the institutionsŐ medical officers 31. 
Mngfalden av ligganden fr institutionernas fretagslkare 31.
Their principal tasks cover: (a) occupational health, pre-recruitment examinations, annual check-ups, questions concerning health and safety; (b) medical control, including checks on absences; (c) medical opinions, serving on invalidity committees; (d) medical issues provided for in the Staff Regulations, opinions on the medical aspects of applications for entitlements (e.g. doubling of family allowance for families with a handicapped child, etc.); (e) emergencies, and treatments and opinions requested by members of staff. 
Deras frmsta arbetsuppgifter avser fljande: a) Yrkesmedicin, underskningar infr rekrytering, rliga hlsokontroller, arbetsmiljfrgor. b) Medicinska kontroller, ven frnvarokontroll. c) Avgivande av medicinska utltanden, tjnstgring i invalidi-tetskommitter. d) Medicinska frgor som tas upp i tjnstefreskrifterna, utltanden om medicinska aspekter av anskningar om bidrag (t.ex. frdubbling av familjetillgget fr familjer med ett han-dikappat barn). e) Akutfall samt behandlingar och utltanden p begran av anstllda.
C 109/12 EN Official Journal of the European Union 7.5.2003 32. 
C 109/12 SV Europeiska unionens officiella tidning 7.5.2003 32.
According to the rules concerning professional conduct set out in the International Labour OrganisationŐs Convention No 161 (1) and in the national laws (2) adopted to implement Council Directive 89/391/EEC of 12 June 1989 on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers at work (3), the duties of a medical officer are incompatible with those of an examining doctor. 
Enligt de yrkesetiska reglerna i Internationella arbetsorganisationens konvention nr 161 (1) och i de nationella lagar (2) som antagits med syftet att genomfra rdets direktiv 89/391/ EEG av den 12 juni 1989 om tgrder fr att frmja frbttringar av arbetstagarnas skerhet och hlsa i arbetet (3) gr det inte att frena uppdrag som fretagslkare inom en organisation och uppdrag som underskande lkare.
Contrary to these provisions, the medical officers of the Court of Justice and the Court of Auditors combined, during the audited period, the duties of occupational medical officer and examining doctor. 
I strid mot dessa bestmmelser kombinerade fretagslkarna vid domstolen och revisionsrtten under den granskade perioden uppdrag som fretagslkare och uppdrag som underskande lkare.
At Parliament the medical checks in relation to absences are carried out by examining doctors employed for this purpose under the supervision of in-house doctors. 
Vid parlamentet utfrs lkarkontrollerna i samband med frnvaro av underskande lkare som anstllts fr detta ndaml under verinsyn av interna fretagslkare.
These situations raise problems of professional ethics for the doctors (4) and are a source of confusion with regard to perceptions of their roles in any specific situation, both for the institution and its staff. 
Dessa frhllanden ger upphov till yrkesetiska problem fr lkarna (4) och r en klla till frvirring bde fr institutionen och fr personalen nr det gller uppfattningen om vilken lkarnas roll r i en viss situation.
Intensity of checks 33. 
Kontrollverksamhetens intensitet 33.
For instance, for its staff in Brussels (approximately 16 000) the Commission had, until recently, only two part-time auxiliary examining doctors, whose workload was so heavy that it precluded virtually any possibility of home calls (5) and early or unannounced checks. 
Institutionernas resurser i frga om underskande lkare r begrnsade. Till nyligen hade exempelvis kommissionen fr sin personal i Bryssel (omkring 16 000 personer) bara tv deltidsan-stllda underskande lkare i kategorin extraanstlld personal.
The Council has one part-time examining doctor; at the Court of Justice and the Court of Auditors, the medical officer, who is employed on a part-time basis must carry out these checks himself, as far as possible, in addition to all his other tasks. 
Rdet har en underskande lkare p deltid. Vid domstolen och revisionsrtten mste fretagslkaren, som r deltidsanstlld, i mn av mjlighet utfra kontrollerna sjlv, vid sidan av alla sina andra uppgifter.
Although the Court has only been able to obtain incomplete information on this subject, it seems that, for these reasons, checks are relatively infrequent. For instance, at the Commission the checking rate is approximately 6 % of absences; figures allowing to establish the intensity of checks could not be obtained from Parliament; at the Court of Justice and the Court of Auditors checks are rare; at the Council they are somewhat more frequent. 
Revisionsrtten har visserligen bara lyckats erhlla ofullstndig information, men det frefaller som om kontrollfrekvensen av dessa skl r relativt lg. Vid kommissionen r exempelvis kontrollfrekvensen ungefr 6 % av frnvarofallen. Frn parlamentet kunde inga uppgifter erhllas fr att faststlla kontrollernas intensitet.
Generally speaking, checks focus on repeated prolonged absences and absences which represent a particularly high risk of abuse. 
Generellt inriktas kontrollerna mot upprepad lngvarig frnvaro och sdan frnvaro som r frenad med en srskilt hg risk fr missbruk.
The fact that the system does not provide for earlier and more intensive checks means that the system provides neither the necessary disincentives (6) nor timely support to those members of staff who are genuinely in need (see paragraphs 53 and 54). 
Att systemet inte medger tidigare och mer intensiv kontroll innebr att det varken avskrcker missbruk i ndvndig grad (6) eller ger std i rtt tid till de anstllda som verkligen behver det (se punkterna 53 och 54).
Deadlines for the submission of medical certificates and for carrying out checks 35. 
Tidsfrister fr inlmnande av lkarintyg och fr utfrande av kontroller 35.
The Staff Regulations (Article 59(1)) allow a total of 12 days per year for absences due to illnesses lasting no longer than three days and provide that a certificate must be produced for the fourth and subsequent days of absence. 
Tjnstefreskrifterna (artikel 59.1) medger sammanlagt tolv dagar per r av sjukfrnvaro som inte varar lngre n tre dagar; lkarintyg mste uppvisas fr den fjrde frnvarodagen och de drp fljande frnvarodagarna.
Each institution has adopted implementing provisions or practices which vary slightly from those of the others (7). 
Var och en av institutionerna har antagit regler eller praxis fr genomfrandet som skiljer sig ngot frn de vriga institutionernas (7).
These rules, which in some cases lack clarity, are applied, in practice, with considerable flexibility and this is likely to have a bearing on the effectiveness of controls on absence, in particular in respect of absences of shorter duration. 
Dessa regler, som i vissa fall r otydliga, tillmpas i praktiken med betydande flexibilitet, och detta inverkar sannolikt p effektiviteten fr frnvarokontrollen, i synnerhet kortvarig frnvaro.
The time allowed for submission of the medical certificate, when added to the time required by the internal procedures for transmitting the information between the various departments, means that, as a rule, no checks can possibly be scheduled in the two weeks following the first day of absence. 
Den tid en anstlld har p sig att lmna in lkarintyg och den tid som gr t fr interna rutiner fr frmedling av informationen mellan olika avdelningar innebr tillsammans att det i regel r omjligt att lgga ngra kontroller under de tv veckorna nrmast efter den frsta frnvarodagen.
The checks are therefore carried out late sometimes, which is normal practice at the Council, even after the member of staff has returned to work. 
Kontrollerna genomfrs drfr sent, ibland Đ vilket r normal praxis vid rdet Đ till och med efter det att den anstllde har tergtt till arbetet.
This has repercussions on their effectiveness in cases of absences suspected not to be genuine, as it is then no longer 6 () In addition, although this has no impact in the context of invalidity, it must be noted that, to a large extent, short periods of absence escape controls, including those absences of less than three days which are not supported by a medical certifcate. 
Detta pverkar kontrollernas ndamlsenlighet i de fall dr frnvaron misstnks vara ogiltig, eftersom det vid den tidpunkten inte lngre r mjligt 6 () Dessutom mste det noteras Đ ven om detta saknar inverkan nr det gller invaliditet Đ att korta frnvaroperioder i stor utstrckning undgr kontrollerna, bl.a. de frnvaroperioder p mindre n tre dagar fr vilka det saknas lkarintyg.
This presents a risk of abuse of a deadline which might be interpreted by some as a right to 12 7 daysŐ additional annual leave. () The periods laid down in these internal rules are as follows: Ń Commission: no precise period (as soon as possible), Ń Parliament: on the fourth calendar day at the latest, Ń Council: on the sixth working day at the latest, Ń Court of Justice: no written rules; generally, one week at the latest, Ń Court of Auditors: no precise period; generally, at the latest when resuming work. 
Detta innebr en risk fr missbruk av en tidsgrns som av vissa skulle kunna tolkas som en rtt till tolv dagars 7 extra ledighet per r. () De perioder som anges i dessa interna regler r fljande: Ń Kommissionen: ingen bestmd period (s snart som mjligt). Ń Parlamentet: senast den fjrde kalenderdagen. Ń Rdet: senast den sjtte arbetsdagen.
(1) 2 ( ) 3 (4) () 5 () Article 15 of ILO Convention No 161 provides, ÔOccupational health services shall be informed of occurrences of ill health amongst workers and absence from work for health reasons, in order to be able to identify whether there is any relation between the reasons for ill health or absence and any health hazards which may be present at the workplace. 
Ń Revisionsrtten: ingen bestmd period; i allmnhet senast vid tergngen i tjnst. (1) Artikel 15 i ILO-konvention nr 161 sger fljande: Fretagshlsovrden skall informeras om frekomst av ohlsa bland arbetstagare och arbetsfrnvaro av hlsoskl fr att kunna faststlla om det finns ngot samband mellan orsakerna till ohlsan eller frnvaron och eventuella hlsorisker p arbetsplatsen.
Personnel providing occupational health services shall not be required by the employer to verify the reasons for absence from work.Ő In the case of Luxembourg, Article 12 of the law of 17 June 1994 concerning occupational health services provides that Ôle mdecin du travail exerce sa fonction en toute indpendance professionnelle par rapport  son employeur et aux travailleurs. 
Fretagshlsovrdspersonal skall inte 2 lggas av arbetsgivaren att intyga frnvaroorsaker. () I Luxemburg sgs fljande i artikel 12 i lagen av den 17 juni 1994 om fretagshlsovrd: Le mdecin du travail exerce sa fonction en toute indpendance professionnelle par rapport  son employeur et aux travailleurs.
La fonction de mdecin du travail est incompatible avec lŐexercice libral de la profes-sion.Ő (The medical officer shall exercise his duties in complete independence of his employer and the staff. 
En aucun cas le mdecin ne peut vrifier le bien-fond des congs de maladie. La fonction de mdecin du travail est incompatible avec lŐexercice libral de la profession.
Under no circumstances may the doctor verify the legitimacy of absences from work due to illness. 
Lkaren fr under inga omstndigheter intyga att sjukfrnvaro r befogad.
The duties of the medical officer are incompatible with external professional activities. 
Tjnstgring som fretagslkare kan inte kombine-3 ras med extern yrkesverksamhet.
(ECA transla-tion)). OJ L 183, 29.6.1989. For these reasons, moreover, ParliamentŐs medical officer in Luxembourg recently decided to give up all verifications of the legitimacy of absences from work due to illness. 
(4) EGT L 183, 29.6.1989. () Av dessa orsaker beslutade dessutom parlamentets fretagslkare i 5 Luxemburg nyligen att inte lngre intyga att sjukfrnvaro r befogad. () Sedan slutet av 2000 har kommissionen anlitat ett utomstende fretag fr kontroller i hemmet.
7.5.2003 EN Official Journal of the European Union C 109/13 possible to call into question the legitimacy of the absence, even in the most doubtful of cases. 
7.5.2003 SV Europeiska unionens officiella tidning C 109/13 att ifrgastta om frnvaron varit befogad ens i de mest tvivelaktiga fall.
In its established case-law, the Court of First Instance (1) has prohibited the calling into question of the validity of a medical certificate covering the period which predates the check. 
Frstainstansrtten har i sin rttspraxis (1) frbjudit ifrgasttande av giltigheten vad gller ett lkarintyg som avser den period som fregr kontrollen.
The rights of the institution to demand a medical examination 37. 
Institutionens rtt att krva lkarunderskning 37.
The Staff Regulations stipulate (Article 59(1)) that a member of staff absent due to illness may be required to undergo a medical examination arranged by the institution and (Article 60) that, without prejudice to any disciplinary measures that may apply, any unauthorised absence which is duly established shall be deducted from his annual leave and, if this has been used up, shall give rise to a salary deduction. 
Tjnstefreskrifterna stipulerar (artikel 59.1) att en anstlld som r frnvarande p grund av sjukdom kan lggas att genomg en lkarunderskning som institutionen ordnar och (artikel 60) att konstaterad otillten frnvaro skall dras av frn den anstlldes semesterdagar eller, om han redan har utnyttjat dessa, frn hans ln, utan att detta pverkar en eventuell tillmpning av gllande disciplintgrder.
The Staff Regulations say nothing about the measures that should be applied when a member of staff impedes or deliberately evades a medical examination. 
Dremot sgs det inget i tjnstefreskrifterna om vilka tgrder som skall vidtas om en anstlld frhindrar eller avsiktligt underlter att infinna sig till en lkarunderskning.
It would seem reasonable to assume that an institutionŐs inability to exercise control as a result of a deliberate refusal on the part of the member of staff might in itself be grounds for declaring the absence unauthorised, as from the date fixed for the medical examination. 
Det frefaller vara ett rimligt antagande att om en institution p grund av en anstllds vgran r ofrmgen att utva kontroll, skulle detta frhllande i sig kunna vara ett fullgott skl att frklara frnvaron otillten, frn och med den utsatta dagen fr lkarunderskningen.
The General Secretariat of the Council laid down clear internal provisions to this effect. 
Rdets generalsekretariat har faststllt tydliga interna bestmmelser med den innebrden.
ParliamentŐs internal provisions only provide that, in such cases, the member of staff is failing to fulfil his obligations and is liable to disciplinary measures, but in practice it has followed an identical approach to the one laid down by the Council. 
Parlamentets interna bestmmelser sger bara att den anstllde i ett sdant fall inte fullgr sina skyldigheter och kan bli freml fr disciplint-grder, men i praktiken har parlamentet anvnt samma tillvgagngsstt som rdet.
However, both institutions had to abandon this practice following a decision by the Court of First Instance (2) which established that there is no legal basis for it. 
Bda institutionerna tvingades emellertid upphra med detta tillvgagngsstt sedan en dom i frstainstansrtten (2) slagit fast att det saknar rttslig grund.
According to the Court of First Instance, the presentation of a medical certificate creates a presumption of regularity in respect of the absence. 
Enligt frstainstansrtten skapar uppvisandet av ett lkarintyg en presumtion om att frnvaron varit giltig.
The member of staff is required to undergo an examination, but failure to fulfil this duty does not in itself authorise the institution to reverse the presumption of regularity in respect of the absence due to illness which attaches to a medical certificate that has been duly presented. 
Den anstllde r skyldig att genomg en underskning, men hans underltenhet att fullgra denna skyldighet ger inte i sig institutionen rtt att upphva den presumtion om giltighet vad gller sjukfrnvaro som r knuten till ett i laga ordning uppvisat lkarintyg.
On the other hand, this failure can, where appropriate, form the subject of disciplinary proceedings. In reality, the institutions are therefore practically powerless in the face of those situations, happily rare, where there is reason to doubt the legitimacy of the absence, as this cannot be resolved, whatever the case, by any disciplinary procedure. 
Dremot kan sdan underltenhet i frekommande fall bli freml fr ett disciplinrt frfarande. I realiteten r institutionerna sledes praktiskt taget maktlsa i de Đ lyckligtvis sllsynta Đ situationer dr det finns anledning att betvivla det befogade i frnvaron, eftersom sdant inte i ngot fall kan klargras genom ett disciplinrt frfarande.
1 () In particular, Case T-36/96 Gaspari v Parliament, Judgment of 10 July 2 1997. () Joined cases T-110/99 and T-260/99 F v Parliament, Judgment of 13 December 2000. 
1 ( ) I synnerhet ml TĐ36/96, Gaspari mot parlamentet Đ dom av den 2 10 juli 1997. ( ) De frenade mlen TĐ110/99 och TĐ260/99, F. mot parlamentet Đ dom av den 13 december 2000.
In France, pursuant to provisions applicable to officials of the State (3), if the person concerned is unable to justify not undergoing the medical examination, the administration may withhold the payment of his salary, declare the absence unauthorised and launch a procedure Ôfor desertion of postŐ which may lead to his removal from his post. 
I Frankrike innebr bestmmelserna fr statstjnstemn (3) att om den berrde inte kan uppge giltiga skl till att inte genomg lkarunder-skningen, kan frvaltningen hlla inne hans ln, frklara frnvaron otillten och inleda ett frfarande avseende vergivande av stllning som kan leda till att han avskedas frn sin tjnst.
The examining doctorŐs conclusions with regard to the member of staffŐs fitness to resume work may be challenged, which is normal. 
Den underskande lkarens slutsatser om den anstlldes frmga att terg i tjnst kan verklagas, vilket r normalt.
If the member of staff submits a new medical certificate and if, following a second examination, the difference of opinion between the attending physician and the examining doctor persists, the case should then, according to the Court of First InstanceŐs case-law (4), be referred to the Invalidity Committee. 
Om den anstllde lmnar in ett nytt lkarintyg och siktsskiljaktigheten mellan den behandlande och den underskande lkaren kvarstr ven efter en andra underskning, skall rendet enligt frstainstansrttens rttspraxis (4) hnskjutas till invaliditetskommittn.
This procedure, with the amount of time it entails, is completely unsuited to handling disputes of this type as it is difficult to imagine that the Invalidity Committee could legitimately rule on whether, several months before, the member of staff had been fit to resume work or not (5). 
Detta frfarande, med den tidstgng det medfr, r helt olmpligt fr hantering av tvister av detta slag eftersom man svrligen kan frestlla sig att invaliditetskommittn skulle kunna trffa ngot vlgrundat avgrande om huruvida den anstllde vid en tidpunkt flera mnader tidigare kunde eller inte kunde terg i tjnst (5).
In France, pursuant to provisions applicable to officials of the State (3), the person must resume work as soon as he receives the administrative decision to do so. 
I Frankrike innebr bestmmelserna fr statstjnstemn (3) att den anstllde mste terg i tjnst s snart han erhller det administrativa beslut som sger att han skall gra detta.
He may challenge the examining doctorŐs conclusions in front of a medical college, composed of doctors appointed for three years by the administration (and meeting at least twice a month). 
Han kan verklaga den underskande lkarens slutsatser infr ett medicinskt kollegium bestende av lkare som utses p tre r av frvaltningen (och sammantrder minst tv gnger i mnaden).
These factors have a bearing on the effectiveness of the medical checks, especially in cases where strong doubt exists as to the legitimacy of the absence. 
Dessa faktorer pverkar de medicinska kontrollernas ndamlsenlighet, srskilt i de fall dr det rder starkt tvivel om huruvida frnvaron r befogad.
OBSERVATIONS CONCERNING INVALIDITY PENSIONS Quantifying and monitoring the cost of the scheme 41. 
IAKTTAGELSER OM INVALIDITETSPENSIONERNA Berkning och vervakning av kostnaden fr systemet 41.
The institutions have not equipped themselves to establish and monitor the cost of the invalidity pensions scheme. 
Institutionerna har inte sett till att de har mjligheter att berkna och vervaka kostnaden fr invaliditetspensionssystemet.
This shortcoming also means that the staff, who also contribute to the funding of the scheme, are not aware of their responsibilities and (3) Fonctionnaires et stagiaires de lŐEtat, Protection sociale contre les ris-4 ques maladie et accidents de service (Circulaire du 30 janvier 1989). 
Denna brist innebr dessutom att de anstllda, som ocks bidrar till finansieringen av systemet, inte r medvetna om sitt ansvar (3) Fonctionnaires et stagiaires de lŐEtat, Protection sociale contre les ris-4 ques maladie et accidents de service (cirkulr av den 30 januari 1989).
(5) Case T-171/98 Biasutto v Council, Judgment of 22 February 2000. () As an example, this arbitration procedure took eleven months in one case at the Court of Justice. 
(5) Ml TĐ171/98, Biasutto mot rdet Đ dom av den 22 februari 2000. () Ett exempel: Detta skiljefrfarande tog elva mnader i ett rende vid domstolen.
C 109/14 EN Official Journal of the European Union 7.5.2003 not in a position to exercise any control over the functioning of the scheme. 
C 109/14 SV Europeiska unionens officiella tidning 7.5.2003 och inte kan utva ngon kontroll ver systemets funktion.
This is undoubtedly due to the fact that since the cost of invalidity pensions is financed from the budget year by year there was not felt to be any need to establish supervisory and control mechanisms similar to those used to safeguard the equilibrium of a pension fund. 
Detta beror otvivelaktigt p att eftersom kostnaden fr invaliditetspensioner finansieras ver budgeten frn r till r, ansgs det inte ndvndigt att upprtta ngra vervaknings-och kontrollmekanismer liknande dem som anvnds fr att se till att en pensionsfond befinner sig i jmvikt.
For the institutions other than the Commission, the budgetary cost of the pensions awarded to members of their staffs is not shown in their financial statements, so that there is even less incentive to perceive that such mechanisms are desirable. 
Fr andra institutioner n kommissionen gller att budgetkostnaden fr de pensioner som tilldelats deras anstllda inte visas i deras egen redovisning, vilket innebr att man dr blir n mindre bengen att anse att det r nskvrt med sdana mekanismer.
The budgetary expenditure charged to Commission item A-1 9 0 1 does not provide any information about the cost of this scheme, for several reasons. 
De budgetutgifter som debiteras kommissionens budgetpost AĐ1 9 0 1 ger av flera orsaker inte ngon information om kostnaden fr systemet.
Firstly, it only reflects the cost of the pensions paid during the financial year. 
Fr det frsta terspeglar beloppet bara kostnaden fr de pensioner som utbetalas under det berrda budgetret.