natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
13 Global Database for Antimicrobial Resistance Country Self Assessment, from the WHO, World Organisation for Animal Health, and Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations. 
13 Global Database for Antimicrobial Resistance Country Self Assessment (global databas ver antimikrobiell resistens, lndernas sjlvbedmning) frn WHO, Vrldsorganisationen fr djurhlsa och FN:s livsmedels-och jordbruksorganisation.
14 Decision No 1082/2013/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2013 on serious cross-border threats to health and repealing Decision No 2119/98/EC 11 
11 13 I Europaparlamentets och rdets beslut nr 1082/201314 definieras antimikrobiell resistens och vrdrelaterade infektioner som allvarliga grnsverskridande hot mot mnniskors hlsa som krver tgrder p unionsniv.
surveillance of AMR and healthcare associated infections (HAIs), and to report such threats via an Early Warning and Response System. 
Enligt beslutet mste medlemsstaterna vervaka antimikrobiell resistens och vrdrelaterade infektioner och rapportera sdana hot via ett system fr tidig varning och reaktion.
14 In contrast to the limited EU mandate for human health, EU legislation requires Member States to monitor and report the presence of resistant zoonotic and commensal bacteria in certain food of animal origin. 
14 I kontrast till EU:s begrnsade befogenheter nr det gller mnniskors hlsa krver EU-lagstiftningen att medlemsstaterna vervakar och rapporterar frekomsten av resistenta zoonotiska och kommensala bakterier i vissa livsmedel av animaliskt ursprung.
An EU-wide ban on the use of antimicrobials as growth promoters in animal feed entered into effect on January 1, 2006. 
Ett EU-omfattande frbud mot att anvnda antimikrobiella medel i djurfoder i tillvxtfrmjande syfte trdde i kraft den 1 januari 2006.
This ban was reinforced under the new EU Regulation on veterinary medicinal products. 
Detta frbud frstrktes genom den nya EU-frordningen om veterinrmedicinska lkemedel.
15 In response to calls for action from the Council, the Commission launched a first AMR action plan in 2011 covering both human and animal health. In 2017, following Council conclusions, and the WHOŐs Global Action Plan, the Commission adopted its ŇEuropean One Health Action Plan against antimicrobial resistance (AMR)Ó, which contains actions relating to human health, animal health and the environment. 
15 Som svar p rdets uppmaningar till att vidta tgrder lanserade kommissionen en frsta handlingsplan mot antimikrobiell resistens 2011, som omfattade bde mnniskors hlsa och djurhlsa. r 2017, med anledning av rdets slutsatser och WHO:s globala handlingsplan, antog kommissionen En europeisk One Health-handlingsplan mot antimikrobiell resistens som innehller tgrder som rr mnniskors hlsa, djurhlsa och miljn.
The EU Action Plan is supported by measures co-funded from the EU Health Programme, which aim to help Member States to strengthen their national One Health approach. In 201915 the Council issued new conclusions on AMR. 
EU:s handlingsplan stds av tgrder som samfinansieras av EU:s folkhlsoprogram och syftar till att hjlpa medlemsstaterna att strka sina nationella One Health-modeller. r 201915 utfrdade rdet nya slutsatser om antimikrobiell resistens.
Figure 4 summarises the EU regulatory actions addressing the threat of AMR. 
I figur 4 sammanfattas EU:s lagstiftningstgrder fr att bekmpa hotet frn antimikrobiell resistens.
12 15 Council conclusions on the next steps towards making the EU a best practice region in combatting antimicrobial resistance 2019/C 214/01, June 2019. 
15 Rdets slutsatser om det fortsatta arbetet med att gra EU till ett omrde fr bsta praxis nr det gller att bekmpa antimikrobiell resistens (2019/C 214/01), juni 2019.
Figure 4 Đ Main EU regulatory actions addressing antimicrobial resistance 13 2003 D e c i s i o n o n t h e m o n i to ri n g a n d reporting ofantimicrobial resistance September 2003 November 2003 Regulationonadditivesfor Directiveonthe useinanimalnutrition (bans certainantibiotics inanimal feed) monitoringofzoonoses andzoonoticagents E U - w i d e b a n o n t h e u s e o f antibiotics inanimal feed as growthpromoters enters into effect 2006 November 2013 October 2013 January 2006 2 0 1 3 December 2018 Regulation on veterinary m e d i ci n a l p r o d u c ts D e c i s i o n o n s e ri o u s cross-borderthreats to health 2018 December 2018 Regulation on the manufacture, m a r k e ti n g a n d u s e o f m e d i ca t e d feed Source: ECA. 
Figur 4 Đ EU:s frmsta lagstiftningstgrder fr att bekmpa antimikrobiell resistens 13 2003 2006 Beslutomvervakningoch Beslutomallvarliga 2013 EU-omfattandefrbudmot September 2003 November 2003 Frordning om Direktivom vervakning fodertillsatser(frbjuderviss avzoonoseroch a ntibiotika i djurfoder) zoonotiska smittmnen November 2013 Oktober 2013 Januari 2006 gr nsverskridande hotmotmnniskors hlsa Frordning om utslppandepmarknadenoch veterinrmedicinska anvndningavfodersom lkemedel innehllerlkemedel ra pportering a v antimikrobiell resistens a tt a nvnda a ntibiotika i djurfoderi tillvxtfrmjande syfte trderikraft 2018 December 2018 December 2018 Frordning om tillverkning, Klla: Revisionsrtten.
16 The Commission addresses AMR by: Ń providing funding from the Health Programme for relevant studies and joint actions. 
16 Kommissionen bekmpar antimikrobiell resistens genom att gra fljande: Ń Tillhandahlla finansiering frn folkhlsoprogrammet till relevanta studier och gemensamma tgrder.
The Joint Action on Antimicrobial Resistance (JAMRAI) is one of the Commission and Member State responses to the Council Conclusions of June 2016 related to AMR. 
Den gemensamma tgrden om antimikrobiell resistens och vrdrelaterade infektioner (JAMRAI) r ett av kommissionens och medlemsstaternas svar p rdets slutsatser om antimikrobiell resistens frn juni 2016.
14 Box 1 The role of EU agencies in AMR AMR is one of the areas of competence of several EU agencies. 
14 Ruta 1 EU-organens roll nr det gller antimikrobiell resistens Antimikrobiell resistens tillhr flera EU-organs kompetensomrden.
The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) supports Member States in their AMR activities. 
Europeiska centrumet fr frebyggande och kontroll av sjukdomar (ECDC) stder medlemsstaternas verksamheter som rr antimikrobiell resistens.
It runs an AMR and Healthcare-Associated Infections (ARHAI) programme; and gathers information from Member States on AMR and antimicrobial consumption from three surveillance networks. 
ECDC driver ett program om antimikrobiell resistens och vrdrelaterade infektioner (ARHAI) och samlar information frn medlemsstaterna om antimikrobiell resistens och frbrukningen av antimikrobiella medel via tre vervakningsntverk.
The ECDC produces scientific advice, including guidance documents and rapid risk assessments, conducts joint country visits with the Commission as well as training courses, and promotes prudent use of antibiotics by coordinating the European Antibiotic Awareness Day. 
ECDC tar fram vetenskapliga rd, inbegripet vgledande dokument och snabba riskbedmningar, genomfr gemensamma landsbesk med kommissionen, hller utbildningskurser och frmjar terhllsam anvndning av antibiotika genom att samordna Europeiska antibiotikadagen.
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) monitors antimicrobial resistance in food and food-producing animals, and produces scientific reports on the subject. 
Europeiska myndigheten fr livsmedelsskerhet (Efsa) vervakar den antimikrobiella resistensen hos livsmedel och livsmedelsproducerande djur och framstller vetenskapliga rapporter om denna frga.
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) gives scientific advice, promotes prudent use of antimicrobials, and monitors sale volumes of antibiotics for animal health and manages the voluntary European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption (ESVAC) project that collects this information. 
Europeiska lkemedelsmyndigheten (EMA) tillhandahller vetenskaplig rdgivning, frmjar terhllsam anvndning av antimikrobiella medel och vervakar frsljningsvolymer av antibiotika inom djurhlsa samt frvaltar projektet fr frivillig europeisk vervakning av veterinr anvndning av antimikrobiella medel (Esvac) dr denna information samlas in.
It also provides scientific opinions for the marketing authorisation of antimicrobial medicinal products. 
Myndigheten avger ocks vetenskapliga yttranden i samband med godknnande fr frsljning av antimikrobiella lkemedel.
The Consumer, Health, Agriculture and Food Executive Agency (CHAFEA) manages the EU funding for AMR under the Health Programmes - including funding for the Joint Action on AMR. 
Genomfrandeorganet fr konsument-, hlso-, jordbruks-och livsmedelsfrgor (Chafea) har hand om EU:s finansiering som rr antimikrobiell resistens inom ramen fr folkhlsoprogrammet Đ dribland finansieringen av den gemensamma tgrden om antimikrobiell resistens.
17 Over 99 % of funding from the EU budget for AMR related actions is directed at research. 
17 Mer n 99 % av finansieringen frn EU:s budget som gr till tgrder som rr antimikrobiell resistens riktas till forskning.
EU Funding of AMR related research since 2004 has exceeded Ű1.5 billion. 
EU:s finansiering av forskningen p detta omrde har sedan 2004 verskridit 1,5 miljarder euro.
One of the flagship initiatives is the New Drugs for Bad Bugs Programme (ND4BB) launched in 2012, funded from FP7 and managed by the JU IMI. 
Ett av flaggskeppsinitiativen r det nya programmet New Drugs for Bad Bugs (ND4BB) som lanserades 2012 och finansieras genom det sjunde ramprogrammet fr forskning, teknisk utveckling och demonstration och frvaltas av det gemensamma fretaget IMI.
This aims to forge a public private partnership for the discovery, development and market entry of new antimicrobial treatments. 
Mlet r att utforma ett offentlig-privat partnerskap fr att upptcka, utveckla och salufra nya antimikrobiella behandlingar.
The Commission also funds actions to coordinate and set an AMR strategic research agenda, particularly through the Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance (JPIAMR). 
Kommissionen finansierar ven tgrder fr att samordna och faststlla en strategisk forskningsagenda fr antimikrobiell resistens, i synnerhet genom det gemensamma programplaneringsinitiativet om antimikrobiell resistens (JPIAMR).
Audit scope and approach 18 Given the rising threat of antimicrobial resistance, reflected in the WHO Global Action Plan and the Commission action plan, we examined whether the Commission and relevant EU agencies managed well key activities and resources to support Member States and EU funded research aimed at fighting antimicrobial resistance. 
Revisionens omfattning och inriktning samt revisionsmetod 18 Med tanke p det kande hotet frn antimikrobiell resistens, vilket terspeglas i WHO:s globala handlingsplan och kommissionens handlingsplan, underskte vi om kommissionen och berrda EU-organ p ett bra stt frvaltade viktiga verksamheter och resurser fr att stdja medlemsstaternas arbete och EU-finansierad forskning fr att bekmpa antimikrobiell resistens.
This included work which can contribute to the new AMR monitoring framework and the better use of antimicrobials. 
Hr ingick ven arbete som kan bidra till den nya vervakningsramen fr antimikrobiell resistens och bttre anvndning av antimikrobiella medel.
This main objective is broken down into three sub-questions: (1) Have the Commission and the ECDC managed well key activities and resources to support the One Health response of Member States to AMR under the EU Action Plan? 
Har kommissionen och ECDC p ett bra stt frvaltat viktiga verksamheter och resurser fr att stdja medlemsstaternas One Health-tgrder mot antimikrobiell resistens inom ramen fr EU:s handlingsplan? 2.
(2) Have the Commission and EU agencies contributed effectively towards promoting the prudent use of antimicrobials in animals and reducing antimicrobial resistance in the EU? 
Har kommissionen och EU:s organ p ett ndamlsenligt stt bidragit till att frmja terhllsam anvndning av antimikrobiella medel hos djur och till att minska den antimikrobiella resistensen i EU?
(3) Have the Commission and EU agencies had appropriate mechanisms to coordinate and evaluate EU support to AMR research? 
Har kommissionen och EU:s organ haft lmpliga mekanismer fr att samordna och utvrdera EU:s std till forskning om antimikrobiell resistens?
19 To answer these questions, we have: Ń examined the implementation of relevant actions funded from the 2014-2020 Health Programme; Ń examined how the EU framework for AMR monitoring in food-producing animals and food, and for antimicrobial consumption in animals was implemented since 2013; Ń surveyed national AMR Action Plan coordinators in all Member States to obtain targeted information on their actions and their views on the support they received from the Commission and the ECDC; Ń consulted national and other authorities in Sweden, the Netherlands, Spain and France responsible for five of the nine work packages under JAMRAI most relevant for our audit; and for certain research projects. 
19 Fr att besvara dessa frgor gjorde vi fljande: Ń Granskade genomfrandet av relevanta tgrder som finansierades med hjlp av folkhlsoprogrammet 2014Đ2020. Ń Granskade hur EU:s ram fr vervakning av antimikrobiell resistens hos livsmedelsproducerande djur och livsmedel och fr frbrukning av antimikrobiella medel hos djur har genomfrts sedan 2013.
We also visited WHO Europe and the OECD; Ń examined the Commission and agenciesŐ support to AMR research since FP7, with a focus on the ND4BB programme. 
Ń Granskade kommissionens och organens std till forskning om antimikrobiell resistens sedan det sjunde ramprogrammet, med fokus p programmet ND4BB.
This included examining how beneficiaries implemented funded actions. 15 
Detta inbegrep granskningar av hur stdmottagarna genomfrde finansierade tgrder. 16
Observations Commission and ECDC support for Member StatesŐ One Health approach has not yet delivered demonstrable results in reducing AMR 20 The Commission and ECDC support Member States to establish and implement their National One Health Action Plans (NAPs) for AMR, which they agreed to under their WHO commitments. 
Iakttagelser Kommissionens och ECDC:s std till medlemsstaternas One Health-modell har nnu inte lett till pvisbara resultat i form av minskad antimikrobiell resistens 20 Kommissionen och ECDC stder medlemsstaterna nr de upprttar och genomfr sina nationella One Health-handlingsplaner om antimikrobiell resistens i enlighet med WHO-tagandena.
This support is in terms of expertise through technical guidance, joint visits and surveillance networks; and through financial support for actions from the EU Health Programme. 
Stdet ges i form av expertis genom teknisk vgledning, gemensamma besk och vervakningsntverk samt genom ekonomiskt std till tgrder frn EU:s folkhlsoprogram.
We therefore examined whether this support was well managed and contributed to sustainable results in addressing AMR. 
Vi underskte drfr om stdet frvaltades vl och bidrog till hllbara resultat i kampen mot antimikrobiell resistens.
16 Commission funded actions supported the fight against AMR but faced challenges 21 The Commission provided support through funding relevant activities from the Health Programme for the Joint Action on Antimicrobial Resistance (JAMRAI), the WHO and the OECD (see Table 1). 
Vi bedmde ven om den information som samlades in av vervakningsntverken var fullstndig och relevant. tgrder som finansierades av kommissionen var ett std i kampen mot antimikrobiell resistens, men stlldes infr utmaningar 21 Kommissionen tillhandahll std genom att finansiera relevanta verksamheter genom folkhlsoprogrammet fr den gemensamma tgrden om antimikrobiell 17 resistens (JAMRAI), WHO och OECD (se tabell 1).
It also organised the One Health Network, provided guidance and training. 
Kommissionen inrttade ven One Health-ntverket samt tillhandahll vgledning och utbildning.
22 We obtained views from a survey of Member State authorities responsible for National Action Plans. 
22 Vi samlade in sikter genom en enkt riktad till medlemsstaternas myndigheter med ansvar fr de nationella handlingsplanerna.
These replies showed a general high appreciation of the quality of the support and guidance provided by the Commission - and the ECDC. 
Svaren visade att stdet och vgledningen frn kommissionen och ECDC generellt ansgs hlla hg kvalitet.
Two thirds of respondents considered that JAMRAI provided effective support; and that the training provided by the Commission on the One Health approach was beneficial. 
Tv tredjedelar av de som svarade ansg att JAMRAI tillhandahll ndamlsenligt std och att den utbildning som kommissionen tillhandahll nr det gller One Health-modellen var vrdefull.
Three quarters of respondents considered the One Health Networks were useful. 
Tre fjrdedelar av de som svarade ansg att One Health-ntverken var anvndbara.
Their views on the CommissionŐs guidance on the prudent use of antimicrobials, for human and animal use, were similarly positive. 
De hade ven en positiv syn p kommissionens vgledning om terhllsam anvndning av antimikrobiella medel fr mnniskor och djur.
Table 1 Đ Measures funded from the Health Programme to support AMR policies 17 Action Budget (000 euro) Summary description Joint Action on Antimicrobial Resistance (JAMRAI) 4 200 JAMRAI16 aims at fostering synergies between EU Member States by developing and implementing effective One Health policies and reducing Health care associated infections; It has 9 work packages and 19 Member States, and provides a platform for exchange of experiences and developing best practices. 
18 tgrd Budget (000 euro) Kortfattad beskrivning Den gemensamma tgrden om antimikrobiell resistens (JAMRAI) 4 200 JAMRAI16 syftar till att frmja synergieffekter mellan EU:s medlemsstater genom att utveckla och genomfra ndamlsenliga One Health-strategier och minska de vrdrelaterade infektionerna. tgrden inbegriper nio arbetspaket och 19 medlemsstater och erbjuder en plattform fr att utbyta erfarenheter och ta fram bsta praxis.
WHO 600 This action supports Member States to develop and implement national One Health action plans. 
WHO 600 Denna tgrd stder medlemsstaterna nr de utarbetar och genomfr nationella One Health-handlingsplaner.
OECD 340 OECD assessed the economic burden of AMR. 
OECD 340 OECD bedmde den ekonomiska brda som antimikrobiell resistens fr med sig.
It calculated that actions to reduce AMR were good investments that would soon more than pay for themselves. 
OECD berknade att tgrder fr att minska den antimikrobiella resistensen var goda investeringar som snart skulle lna sig vl.
16 See EU JAMRAI vision / mission. 
16 Se vision/uppdrag fr EU JAMRAI.
The Commission-funded Joint Action on Antimicrobial Resistance (JAMRAI) faced challenges while facilitating cooperation between Member States 23 JAMRAI started on 1 September 2017, and will run for 36 months. 
Den kommissionsfinansierade gemensamma tgrden om antimikrobiell resistens (JAMRAI) stlldes infr utmaningar, men underlttade samarbetet mellan medlemsstaterna 23 JAMRAI inleddes den 1 september 2017 och kommer att pg i 36 mnader.
We found that most JAMRAI work packages17 were generally on track to produce their agreed deliverables and that JAMRAI provides a good platform for exchanges of experiences and best practices between the 19 participating Member States18. 
Vi konstaterade att de flesta JAMRAI-arbetspaketen17 generellt sett var p god vg att leda till de resultat man kommit verens om och att JAMRAI erbjuder en bra plattform fr att utbyta erfarenheter och bsta praxis mellan de 19 deltagande medlemsstaterna18.
24 However, JAMRAI faced some challenges. 
24 JAMRAI stlldes dock infr vissa utmaningar.
It did not have a complete One Health approach, as there were no environmental authorities involved in Work Packages, and there was a relatively low participation from Member State veterinary authorities. 
Det fanns ingen fullstndig One Health-modell, eftersom inga miljmyndigheter gjordes delaktiga i arbetspaketen, och medlemsstaternas veterinrmyndigheter deltog relativt lite.
Work Packages 4 (for integration in national policies and sustainability) and 7 (for the appropriate use of antimicrobials in humans and animals) were experiencing delays. 
Arbetspaketen nr 4 (integrering i nationell politik och hllbarhet) och nr 7 (lmplig anvndning av antimikrobiella medel hos mnniskor och djur) drabbades av frseningar.
Furthermore, JAMRAIŐs overall success will depend largely on actions subsequently taken by the Member States to actually implement the solutions developed by the work packages. 
Vidare kommer de allmnna framgngarna med JAMRAI i stor utstrckning att bero p de tgrder som senare vidtas av medlemsstaterna fr att faktiskt genomfra de lsningar som tagits fram inom ramen fr arbetspaketen.
The WHO project had not supported the targeted numbers of Member States in itsŐ first year of operation 25 The WHO project began in May 2018 and is scheduled to run for three years, to help Member States develop and implement national One Health action plans. 
WHO-projektet hade under sitt frsta verksamhetsr inte tillhandahllit std till det faststllda antalet medlemsstater 25 WHO-projektet, som inleddes i maj 2018 och berknas pg i tre r, ska hjlpa medlemsstaterna att utarbeta och genomfra nationella One Health-handlingsplaner.
The Commission arranged for WHO to present the project to Member States in the EU Health Security Committee in June 2018 and in the One Health Network. 
Kommissionen ordnade s att WHO kunde presentera projektet fr medlemsstaterna i EU:s hlsoskerhetskommitt i juni 2018 och i One Health-ntverket.
This project was behind schedule at the time of the audit and had not supported the targeted numbers of Member States for its various sub-objectives (a total of four instead of 812 for each sub-objective). 
Projektet var frsenat nr vi genomfrde revisionen och hade inte tillhandahllit std till det faststllda antalet medlemsstater fr de olika delmlen (totalt fyra i stllet fr mellan tta och tolv fr varje delml).
Coordination; 2. 
Samordning. 2.
Dissemination; 3. 
Spridning. 3.
Integration in national policies and sustainability; 5. Implementation of one health national strategies and national actions plans for AMR; 6. 
4 Integrering i nationell politik och hllbarhet. 5. Genomfrande av de nationella One Health-strategierna och nationella handlingsplaner om antimikrobiell resistens.
Prevention of healthcare associated infections; 7. 
Frebyggande av vrdrelaterade infektioner. 7.
Appropriate use of antimicrobials in humans and animals; 8. 
Lmplig anvndning av antimikrobiella medel hos mnniskor och djur.
Awareness raising and communication; and 9. 
8. kad medvenhet och kommunikation. 9.
Prioritizing and implementing research. 
Prioritering och genomfrande av forskning.
18 Plus Norway. 
18 Plus Norge.
It showed that actions to reduce AMR were relatively cheap, cost-effective and feasible (see Box 2). 
Den visade att tgrder fr att minska den antimikrobiella resistensen var relativt billiga, kostnadseffektiva och genomfrbara (se ruta 2).
Box 2 OECD report findings - an invitation for action The 2018 OECD report ŇStemming the superbug tide Đ Just a few dollars moreÓ indicates that three out of four deaths from superbug infections could be averted by spending just $ USD 2 per person a year on measures as simple as facilitating handwashing and more prudent prescription of antibiotics. 
20 Ruta 2 Slutsatser i OECD:s rapport Đ en uppmaning till tgrder I OECD:s rapport frn 2018, Stemming the superbug tide Đ Just a few dollars more, anges att tre av fyra ddsfall p grund av infektioner med superbakterier skulle kunna frhindras genom att spendera s lite som 2 US-dollar per person och r p tgrder som r s enkla som att till exempel frmja handtvtt och mer terhllsam frskrivning av antibiotika.