natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
In other countries, subsidies may take the form of exemption from taxes: this is so in Portugal where irrigation water is exempted from a new tax introduced in 1995 and in the Netherlands where farmers are exempt from the groundwater extraction tax’ (1). 
I andra lnder kan subventioner ges i form av skattelttnader: s r det i Portugal dr vatten fr konstbevattning r undantaget frn en ny skatt som infrdes 1995 och i Nederlnderna dr jordbrukare r befriade frn skatten fr grundvattenuttag (1).
Implementation and control Commission implementation and control 71. 
Genomfrande och kontroll Kommissionens genomfrande och kontroll 71.
The implementation of some AE measures may be incompatible with the EU Treaty’s ‘polluter pays principle’ (2). 
Genomfrandet av vissa tgrder inom miljprogrammen fr jordbruket kan vara ofrenligt med EU-frdragets princip om att frorenaren skall betala (2).
The agri-environmental approach is only compatible with the polluter pays principle provided that farmers are paid to deliver a standard of environmental performance which exceeds ‘good agricultural practice’. 
Fr att miljprogrammen skulle vara frenliga med principen om att frorenaren betalar skulle det krvas att jordbrukarna fick betalt fr att uppn en niv av miljprestanda hgre n god jordbrukarsed.
It is therefore often not feasible in practice for the Commission to ensure that EU aid is securing real improvements in farmers’ environmental performance, rather than simply benefiting farmers’ incomes. 
Drfr r det i praktiken inte mjligt fr kommissionen att kontrollera att EU-stdet leder till konkreta framsteg i frga om jordbrukarnas miljprestanda snarare n att bara ka deras inkomster.
With respect to control, the Commission does not routinely visit Member States to verify the data or analyses submitted by Member States in support of draft programmes; nor do AE-unit or AF-unit personnel routinely conduct missions to verify that programmes are in practice providing good environmental value for money. 
Nr det gller kontroll gr kommissionen inga rutinmssiga besk i medlemsstaterna fr att kontrollera de uppgifter och analyser dessa har lmnat till std fr sina programfrslag, och inte heller beger sig personalen inom enheterna fr milj-respektive beskogningsprogrammen rutinmssigt ut p fltet fr att kontrollera att tgrderna i praktiken ger bra miljvaluta fr pengarna.
Commission inspectors do visit on the spot to verify the legality and regularity of payments; but the role of these personnel does not include evaluating the environmental effectiveness of AE or AF measures. The current ‘Brussels-based’ approach to programme management is not consistent with effective, practical control. 
Kommissionens inspektrer gr besk p platsen fr att kontrollera att betalningarna r lagliga och korrekta, men det ingr inte i denna personals uppgifter att utvrdera om miljtgrder inom jordbruket och beskogningstgrder r miljmssigt ndamlsenliga. Den nuvarande ÓBrysselbaseradeÓ metoden fr programad-ministration medger knappast verkningsfulla och konkreta kontroller.
The Commission’s inactivity in this respect is dis-concerting, since it is well aware of the validity of the Court’s criticisms: as the Commission’s own evaluation report notes, ‘with diverse measures, control difficulties are evident’ (3). 
Kommissionens passivitet p detta omrde r oroande, eftersom den r vl medveten om giltigheten i revisionsrttens kritik; i kommissionens egna utvrderingsrapporter konstateras att Ódet r uppenbart att det finns kontrollsvrigheter nr tgrderna r olikartadeÓ (3).
Member State implementation and control 73. 
Medlemsstaternas genomfrande och kontroll 73.
The AE policy in particular is very demanding of Member States’ administrative infrastructures. 
I synnerhet miljprogrammen fr jordbruket stller mycket hga krav p medlemsstaternas administrativa infrastruktur.
Specifically, Member States need to deploy agronomists and environmental experts to identify AE problems and to propose practical solutions to these. 
Konkret mste man i medlemsstaterna ha agronomer och miljexperter som tar reda p vilka problem som finns inom miljprogrammen och finner konkreta lsningar.
Administrators are needed to convert the scientists’ theoretical considerations into detailed programme requirements. 
Vidare behvs handlggare som gr om vetenskapsmnnens teoretiska vervganden till detaljerade programkrav.
The work of the National Audit Office (NAO) in the United Kingdom has determined that the ratio of administrative costs to farmers’ grants is very high (4). 
Det nationella revisionsorganet (National Audit Office Đ NAO) i Frenade kungariket har kommit fram till att de administrativa kostnaderna r mycket stora i frhllande till de bidrag som jordbrukarna erhller (4).
The NAO found that for the biggest AE programme in the United Kingdom, total administrative costs during the early phase of implementation in 1995 to 1996 were ECU 13 million, equivalent in value to 46 % of the grants paid to farmers (see Figure 1). 
Nrmare bestmt visade det sig att de totala administrativa kostnaderna fr det strsta miljprogrammet i Frenade kungariket 1995Đ1996 var 13 miljoner ecu, vilket motsvarade 46 % av det totala bidragsbelopp som utbetalades till jordbrukarna (se diagram 1).
The scheme is complex, and its administration involves many different processes. 
Programmet i frga r komplicerat, och dess administration inbegriper mnga olika processer.
Annual scheme management costs total ECU 8 million, and environmental monitoring and research cost ECU 5 million (see Figure 2). 
De rliga kostnaderna fr administrationen r 8 miljoner ecu och kostnaderna fr miljvervakning och miljforskning 5 miljoner ecu (se diagram 2).
If such high costs are necessary for the proper management and control of programmes, then the annual collective cost to Member States of AE policy implementation would be ECU 700 million. 
Om s hga utgifter krvs fr fullgod administration och kontroll av programmen, skulle den sammanlagda kostnaden per r fr medlemsstaternas genomfrande av miljprogrammen fr jordbruket uppg till 700 miljoner ecu.
Another detailed examination of Member State administrations’ activities even reached the conclusion, that the total EU-wide direct implementation cost of Regulation (EEC) No 2078/92 (not including costs of environmental monitoring), must have amounted to between ECU 1 000 and 2 000 million in the period 1992 to 1996 (5). In spite of such high cost the EEA has noted, there is ‘insufficient administrative capacity and experience in many regions to handle this new policy’ (6). 
I en annan detaljerad underskning av verksamheten inom medlemsstaternas frvaltning har man kommit fram till att de totala direkta kostnaderna fr genomfrandet inom hela EU av frordning (EEG) nr 2078/92 (exklusive kostnaderna fr miljvervakning) under perioden 1992Đ1996 uppgick till mellan 1 och 2 miljarder ecu (5) Trots dessa hga kostnader har miljbyrn konstaterat att det finns otillrcklig administrativ kapacitet och erfarenhet i mnga regioner fr att hantera denna nya politik (6).
1 ( ) 2 ( ) European Environment Agency, ‘Environment in the European Union at the turn of the century’, Copenhagen, 1999, p. 
1 ( ) 2 ( ) Europeiska miljbyrn, Miljn i Europeiska unionen vid sekelskiftet, Kpenhamn, 1999, s.
409. 
409.
8.12.2000 EN Official Journal of the European Communities Figure 1 Environmentally sensitive areas scheme — grant payments and administrative costs, 1991/92 to 1996/97 C 353/27 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Notes: Grants paid to farmers Administrative costs 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 (Financial year) 1995/96 1996/97 32,5 16,5 20,1 29,1 7,5 11 10,9 11,1 13,9 1. 
8. 306. 2.
Costs prior to 1993/94 do not include research programme costs as these are not separately identifiable. 
Kostnader fre 1993Đ1994 omfattar inte programkostnader eftersom dessa inte kan definieras separat.
Figure 2 Administrative costs of the environmentally sensitive areas scheme, 1995/96 12,2 13,3 10,1 Ministry research and development GBP 2,0 million ADAS(*) environmental monitoring GBP 3,3 million (*) ADAS: the Ministry of Agriculture’s Agricultural Development and Advisory Service. Source: UK National Audit Office report, ‘Protecting environmentally sensitive areas’, p. 
Diagram 2 Administrativa kostnader fr programmet fr miljmssigt knsliga omrden, 1995Đ1996 1994-1995 Ministeriets forskning och utveckling 2,0 miljoner pund sterling Ministeriets regionala servicecentra 1,6 miljoner pund sterling GBP Ministeriets hgkvarter 0,5 miljoner pund sterling GBP ADAS(*) frvaltning 5,9 miljoner pund sterling GBP ADAS(*) miljvervakning 3,3 miljoner pund sterling GBP GBP (*) ADAS: Jordbruksministeriets utvecklings-och rdgivningstjnst.
C 353/28 EN Official Journal of the European Communities 8.12.2000 75. 
C 353/28 SV Europeiska gemenskapernas officiella tidning 8.12.2000 75.
Significant implementational difficulties resulting in low rates United Kingdom, Austria, Spain, France, Finland and Sweden (see of farmer participation and consequently low environmental Text box 8). impact, were identified by the Court in Germany, Portugal, the Text box 8 In Bavaria (Germany), uptake of certain measures in the KULAP programme — such as 20-year set-aside, which covers just over 100 ha is so low that environmental impact is minimal. 
Revisionsrtten upptckte betydande svrigheter vid genom-riket, Spanien, sterrike, Frankrike, Finland och Sverige (se text-frandet, vilka ledde till liten anslutning av jordbrukare och flj-ruta 8). aktligen liten miljinverkan, i Tyskland, Portugal, Frenade kunga-Textruta 8 I Bayern (Tyskland) r anslutningen till vissa tgrder inom det bayerska programmet Kulap Đ t.ex. 20-rig trda, som i nulget omfattar bara drygt 100 hektar Đ s liten att miljinverkan r minimal.
Baden-Wurttemberg’s MEKA programme shares similar problems for some measures. 
Liknande problem finns fr vissa tgrder inom Meka-programmet i Baden-Wrttemberg.
In Saxony, 85 % of farmland is at risk of erosion but only 30 % of farmland is covered by anti-erosion measures. Indeed, in the most vulnerable localities, participation in the key anti-erosion measure (mulch saat) is as low as 3 %. 
I Sachsen r 85 procent av jordbruksmarken i riskzonen fr erosion, men bara 30 procent omfattas av tgrder fr att frhindra erosion, och i de mest utsatta omrdena r anslutningen till Mulchsaat-tgrden med det syftet faktiskt s lg som 3 procent.
In Portugal, the measures to combat intensive practices and to reconvert arable land to pasture, have had no environmental impact since they were not applied. 
I Portugal har tgrderna fr att motverka intensiva metoder och fr att omvandla kermark till betesmark inte ftt ngon miljinverkan alls eftersom de inte har genomfrts.
In the UK, the NAO found participation was much lower than planned in some regions, for example in the Cotswold Hills, only 1 600 ha of arable land had been converted to grassland compared with a target of 6 000 ha. 
I Frenade kungariket fann NAO att deltagandet i vissa regioner var mycket lgre n planerat: i Cotswold Hills hade exempelvis bara 1 600 hektar kermark gjorts om till grsmark, medan mlsttningen var 6 000 hektar.
The UK Parliamentary Committee scrutinising national expenditure noted that the impact of the scheme could have been much bigger if the Ministry had been more proactive in marketing the scheme. 
Det brittiska parlamentsutskott som granskar de offentliga utgifterna noterade att tgrdens inverkan kunde ha blivit mycket strre om det ansvariga departementet hade marknadsfrt den mer aktivt.
In Austria, the Court’s auditors found confusion among farmers and a high rate of error in aid applications due to the considerable number of measures available, of which some could be cumulated with others whereas others could not. 
I sterrike upptckte revisionsrttens revisorer att det rdde frvirring bland jordbrukarna och att anskningarna om std ofta var felaktiga p grund av det stora antalet tillgngliga tgrder, varav en del kunde kombineras med varandra, andra inte.
In Spain, the Court’s auditors found that the national contribution in respect of both AE and AF measures, was being paid late to beneficiaries. 
I Spanien fann revisionsrttens revisorer att det nationella bidraget inom bde milj-och beskogningsprogrammen utbetalades fr sent till mottagarna.
Administrative complexity is also a problem in France, where administration and control functions were separated between a large number of organisations. 
Den komplicerade administrationen r ett problem ocks i Frankrike, dr administrations-och kontrollfunktionerna har delats upp p ett stort antal olika organisationer.
In Finland, farmers found the application procedure so complex that they had to employ specialists in order to fill in their claims. 
I Finland uppfattade jordbrukarna anskningsfrfarandet som s komplicerat att de tvingades anlita specialister fr att fylla i handlingarna t dem.
The Swedish National Audit Office found that farmers sometimes refrained from joining the Swedish AE scheme due to the administrative burden this entailed. 
Riksrevisionsverket i Sverige upptckte att en del jordbrukare avstod frn att medverka i det svenska miljprogrammet p grund av att detta medfrde en s tung administrativ brda.
With regard to control at Member State level of EU expenditure, an important tool for verifying beneficiary compliance with EAGGF-Guarantee fund requirements is the Community-supported integrated administration and control system (IACS), which operates in each Member State for most of the EAGGF-Guarantee expenditure. 
Fr kontrollen av EU-utgifterna p medlemsstatsniv r det EU-understdda integrerade systemet fr administration och kontroll (IACS) ett viktigt verktyg. Systemet anvnds i de enskilda medlemsstaterna fr att kontrollera att stdmottagarna uppfyller de krav som stlls fr huvuddelen av utgifterna inom EUGFJ:s garantisektion.
Weaknesses in the control of AE and AF measures as a result of AE/AF controls failing to achieve the standards equivalent to IACS were identified in the course of this audit in Portugal, Germany, Austria, Italy and France (see Text box 9). 
Brister i kontrollen av milj-och beskogningsprogrammen p grund av att man inte uppntt en standard motsvarande IACS har under revisionens gng upptckts i Portugal, Tyskland, sterrike, Italien och Frankrike (se textruta 9).
For example, in Saxony, many of the official maps used to verify aid claims are over 75 years old and are in consequence inaccurate, a problem common to all the territories of the former German Democratic Republic. 
I den tyska delstaten Sachsen r exempelvis mnga av de officiella kartor som anvnds vid kontrollen av stdanskningarna ver 75 r gamla och allts mindre tillfrlitliga Đ ett problem som fr vrigt finns i hela fre detta sttyskland.
The Commission has itself noted that ‘in one Member State, no on-site farm inspections were made until 1995 and in several Member States there was little or no cross-checking data contained in IACS’ (1). 
Kommissionen har sjlv konstaterat att i en medlemsstat gjordes inga inspektioner av jordbruksfretagen p platsen fram till 1995 och i flera medlemsstater gjordes obetydlig eller ingen dubbelkontroll av uppgifterna i IACS (1).
(1) European Commission, DG (VI. 
(1) Europeiska kommissionen (GD VI.
F. II.1), ‘State of application of Regulation (EEC) No2078/92; evaluation of agri-environment programmes’, Working Document VI/7655/98, 25.11.1998, p. 
F. II.1), ÓState of application of Regulation (EEC) No 2078/92; Evaluation of Agri-environment Pro-grammesÓ, Arbetsdokument VI/7655/98, 25.11.1998, s.
8.12.2000 EN Official Journal of the European Communities Text box 9 In Portugal, the IACS was still not completed at the date of the Court’s auditors visit in January 1998. 
8.12.2000 SV Europeiska gemenskapernas officiella tidning Textruta 9 I Portugal hade IACS nnu inte slutfrts d revisionsrttens revisorer gjorde sitt besk i januari 1998.
In the North, the problem was exacerbated by the absence of a cadaster. 
I norra delen av landet frvrrades problemet av att det saknades fastighetsregister.
During farm visits the auditors identified discrepancies concerning most of the aid claims of the 16 farms visited. 
Vid sina besk p sexton grdar upptckte revisorerna avvikelser frn de flesta stdanskningarna.
In Austria, the official record of slope gradients has not yet been completed, so that information on gradients supplied by the farmers in their aid declaration, which is one of the conditions for receiving some of the AE aid, cannot be checked by administrators. 
I sterrike har man nnu inte frdigstllt den officiella frteckningen ver markens lutningsgrad, vilket betyder att handlggarna inte kan kontrollera de uppgifter om lutningsgrad Đ en av frutsttningarna fr delar av stdet inom miljprogrammet Đ som jordbrukarna uppgivit i sina stddeklarationer.
In Italy, the follow-up of discrepancies detected by the IACS was inadequate and does not always result in the application of sanctions required by European legislation. 
I Italien var uppfljningen av avvikelser som upptckts genom IACS otillrcklig och hade inte alltid lett till frelggande av sanktioner enligt kraven i EU-lagstiftningen.
In France, fields receiving AE aid were not recorded on the same computer as fields receiving arable aid and therefore could not be cross-checked by computer with the parcels receiving arable aid. 
I Frankrike registrerades uppgifterna om krar med miljprogramsstd inte i samma dator som uppgifterna om krar med odlingsstd, s det gick inte att samkra uppgifterna.
Further control problems exist. 
Det finns ytterligare kontrollproblem.
Most programmes include a measure to compensate farmers for using less fertiliser (see Text box 10). 
Inom de flesta programmen kan jordbrukarna f kompensation fr att de anvnder mindre mngd gdningsmedel (se textruta 10).
However, it is not feasible to verify compliance with such measures. 
Det r emellertid inte genomfrbart att kontrollera att de faktiskt har minskat sin anvndning.
As the State Audit Office found in Finland, ‘monitoring certain conditions in the programme is problematic with current control methods. 
Som Statens revisionsverk i Finland har noterat r det Ómed de nuvarande kontrollmetoderna problematiskt att vervaka efterlevnaden av vissa av programvillkoren.
In related studies reliably verifying fertiliser levels has been considered practically impossible’ (1). Visual inspection, soil sampling and examination of farm records, if undertaken with care, can all contribute to verification; but none of these methods is definitive. 
I relaterade studier har man ansett det vara praktiskt taget omjligt att p ett tillfrlitligt stt kontrollera gdningsme-delsnivernaÓ (1) Inspektion, markprover och underskning av jordbruksfretagens bokfring kan alla bidra till kontrollen om de genomfrs noggrant, men ingen av dessa metoder ger skra resultat.
This problem is known to the Commission’s own auditors, but the Commission continues to approve such measures. 
Kommissionens egna revisorer r medvetna om problemet, men kommissionen fortstter nd att godknna tgrder av den berrda typen.
(1) State Audit Office of Finland, ‘Audit report on the administration and control of environmental support of agriculture’, Helsinki, 18.6.1999, abstract in English, p. 
(1) Statens revisionsverk i Finland, Granskningsrapport om ÓFrvaltning och kontroll av miljstdet fr jordbruketÓ, Helsingfors, 18.6.1999, engelsk sammanfattning, s.
C 353/30 EN Official Journal of the European Communities Text box 10 In France, no routine soil or water testing was conducted with regard to the ‘prime à l’herbe’ scheme, even though farmers are required not to apply more than 70 kg /ha of fertiliser on their grassland. 
C 353/30 SV Europeiska gemenskapernas officiella tidning Textruta 10 I Frankrike visade det sig att ingen rutinmssig provning gjordes av mark eller vatten inom tgrden Óprime  lŐherbeÓ trots att jordbrukarna enligt reglerna inte fr applicera mer n 70 kg gdningsmedel per hektar grsmark.
The national authorities consider it impossible in practice to verify beneficiary compliance with fertiliser restrictions. 
De nationella myndigheterna anser det vara i praktiken omjligt att kontrollera att stdmottagarna uppfyller detta krav.
Control therefore often consists primarily in asking the farmer how much fertiliser he has applied: if the response is consistent with a rate of fertilisation respecting the scheme limit, then the aid is paid. 
Drfr gr kontrollen i huvudsak ut p att man frgar jordbrukaren hur mycket gdningsmedel han har anvnt; om svaret ligger under grnsen fr gdning enligt programmet betalas stdet ut.
In Rhineland-Pfalz’s Steillagenprogramm (steep slope vineyard programme) (Germany), it was left to beneficiaries to identify soil sample sites, take samples, and submit samples to the official laboratories which would examine the soil in order to verify compliance with fertiliser restrictions. 
Inom den tyska delstaten Rheinland-Pfalz Steillagenprogramm (fr vinodlingar p branta sluttningar) verlt man t stdmottagarna att vlja platser fr markprov, ta prover och lmna in dem till officiella laboratorier fr kontroll av huruvida gdningsmedelskraven hade uppfyllts.
In Saxony (Germany), although in principle soil tests should be made during each ‘in-depth inspection’, in practice in the locality visited by the auditors only one such inspection had been performed since the introduction of the scheme — and no soil test had been performed. 
I Sachsen (Tyskland) skulle markprover i princip tas vid varje grundlig inspektion, men p den ort som revisorerna beskte hade bara en enda sdan inspektion gjorts sedan programmet inleddes, och inga markprover hade tagits.
In Bavaria’s VNP programme (Germany), although in principle soil testing was recommended, in practice it was not performed. 
Inom Bayerns VNP-program (Tyskland) rekommenderades markprover i princip, men hade inte gjorts i praktiken.
In Bavaria’s KULAP programme, official evaluators noted inspectors’ difficulty in verifying beneficiary compliance with some measures. In Baden-Wurttemberg (Germany), no examination of farm records was performed to compensate for the absence of routine soil testing and to corroborate visual inspection results with documentary evidence. 
Nr det gller det bayerska programmet Kulap noterade de officiella utvrderarna att inspektrerna fr vissa tgrder hade haft problem med att kontrollera att stdmottagarna uppfyllde kraven. I Baden-Wrttemberg (Tyskland) hade ingen kontroll av jordbruksfretagens bokfring gjorts fr att kompensera avsaknaden av rutinmssig markprovning och fr att styrka inspektionsresultaten.
In the United Kingdom, Commission inspectors found that, ‘The control of fertilisers is very doubtful. 
I Frenade kungariket fann kommissionens inspektrer att Ókontrollen av gdningsmedel r mycket tvivelaktig.
Only the features of the grassland are taken into consideration (e.g. the colour and types of grass found). 
Man beaktar enbart grsmarkens egenskaper (t.ex. frgen och vilka grsarter som frekommer).
No soil analysis or grass analysis is executed’ (European Commission, DG VI. 
Ingen mark-eller grsanalys grs.Ó (Europeiska kommissionen, DG VI.
A. I.3 mission report, on ‘accompanying measures’ in the United Kingdom, 19.11.1998, paragraph 7.2). 
A. I.3, Delegationsrapport om de kompletterande tgrderna i Frenade kungariket, 19.11.1998, punkt 7.2).
The visual inspections are complemented by verification of fertiliser records which the participants in the scheme are obliged to hold.’ 
Inspektionerna kompletteras med kontroller av den bokfring av gdningsmedel som de som deltar i tgrden r skyldiga att ha.
In practice, some Member States (e.g., Denmark) have found that the most effective method of combating nitrate pollution, is via farm-fertilisation planning and inspection. 
I praktiken har vissa medlemsstater (exempelvis Danmark) funnit att det mest ndamlsenliga sttet att bekmpa nitratfrorening r genom planering och inspektion av jordbruksfretagens gdning.