natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
At project level, most beneficiaries confirmed that the projects had led to new contacts and/or the strengthening of existing contacts with counterparts on the other side of the border. 
P projektniv bekrftade de flesta mottagare att projekten hade lett till nya kontakter och/eller strkta befintliga kontakter med motparter p andra sidan grnsen.
Impact of the cross-border cooperation programme in attracting other co-financing 64. 
Verkan av programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete vad gller att f medfinansiering frn andra kllor 64.
A further positive feature of the CBC programme in most Phare countries has been the co-financing of CBC projects by national budgets, the first time systematic national co-financing has taken place in the context of the Phare programme. 
Ett annat positivt inslag i programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete i de flesta Phare-lnder har varit att projekt inom programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete samfinansierats ur nationella budgetar, den frsta gng systematisk nationell samfinansiering har skett inom ramen fr Phare-programmet.
This represents an important step towards the co-financing arrangements required by the EU Structural Funds. 
Detta utgr ett viktigt steg mot sdana samfinansieringsarrangemang som krvs av EU:s strukturfonder.
The CBC regulation encourages such co-financing in Article 4(3) and the Commission has sought to insist on a minimum co-financing of 25 % of the project value. 
I artikel 4.3 i frordningen om programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete uppmuntras till delfinansiering av detta slag och kommissionen har strvat efter att insistera p en minsta samfinansiering p 25 % av projektvr-det.
Only Albania, Bulgaria and FYROM failed to meet this requirement. 
Endast Albanien, Bulgarien och fre detta jugoslaviska republiken Makedonien kunde inte uppfylla detta krav.
In Albania, the implementation of the road programme was threatened by the lack of a sufficient Albanian budget to finance the compulsory purchase of land. 
I Albanien hotades genomfrandet av vgprogrammet av att det saknades en tillrcklig albansk budget fr finansiering av det obligatoriska markfrvrvet.
21.2.2000 EN Official Journal of the European Communities C 48/11 65. 
21.2.2000 SV Europeiska gemenskapernas officiella tidning C 48/11 65.
Article 6(1) of the CBC Regulation stipulates that Ôwhenever the Community grant contributes to the financing of revenue-generating activities, the Commission shall determine, in consultation with the authorities involved, the rules for financing which may include co-financing by the projectŐs revenues or reimbursement of the initial grantsŐ. 
I artikel 6.1 i frordningen om grnsverskridande samarbete stipuleras att Ónr gemenskapens bidrag ges till finansiering av inkomstbringande verksamheter, skall emellertid kommissionen i samrd med de berrda myndigheterna faststlla reglerna fr denna finansiering, vilket kan innebra delfinansiering med projektets inkomster eller terbetalning av de ursprungliga bidra-genÓ.
Despite the fact that numerous CBC projects are indeed generating revenue, no measures have been taken by the Commission to implement this Article, which has simply been ignored. 
Trots att mnga projekt inom programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete faktiskt r inkomstbringande har kommissionen inte vidtagit ngra tgrder fr att tillmpa denna artikel, som helt enkelt har ignorerats.
FACTORS AFFECTING IMPACT OF THE CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION PROGRAMME 66. 
FAKTORER SOM PVERKAR VERKAN AV PROGRAMMET F R GRNS VERSKRIDANDE SAMARBETE 66.
The overall impact of the CBC programme five years after its launch and following the commitment of ECU 820 million is modest, particularly at project level. 
Den sammanlagda verkan av programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete fem r efter starten och efter taganden p 820 miljoner ecu r mttlig, srskilt p projektniv.
This section of the report seeks to identify the main reasons for this. 
I detta avsnitt av rapporten grs ett frsk att identifiera de viktigaste orsakerna till detta.
Setting-up of the cross-border cooperation programme 67. 
Upplggning av programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete 67.
The establishment of the CBC programme was agreed at a meeting of the European Parliament, the European Council and the European Commission in June 1993. 
Att programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete skulle skapas beslts vid ett mte med Europaparlamentet, Europeiska rdet och Europeiska kommissionen i juni 1993.
At the ParliamentŐs insis-tence, the 1994 CBC budget was set at ECU 150 million although the Commission sought to limit the budget to ECU 20 million (1). 
P parlamentets begran faststlldes 1994 rs budget fr programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete till 150 miljoner ecu, fastn kommissionen frskte begrnsa budgeten till 20 miljoner ecu (1).
This increase was made without adequate consideration being given to the actual absorption capacity of the Phare countries. 
Denna kning gjordes utan att vederbrlig hnsyn togs till Phare-lndernas faktiska absorptionsfrmga.
This has severely hindered the establishment of joint projects between CBC and Interreg. 
Detta har utgjort ett allvarligt hinder fr upprttandet av gemensamma projekt mellan programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete och Interreg.
(1) See Letter of amendment No 1 to the preliminary draft budget for 1994, SEC(93) 1588 final, Brussels, 8 October 1993. 
(1) Se ndringsskrivelse nr 1 till det preliminra budgetfrslaget fr 1994, SEK(93) 1588 slutlig, Bryssel, den 8 oktober 1993.
Moreover, the territoriality principle has prevented Interreg funds being used to co-finance CBC projects in Phare countries and the CBC programme co-financing Interreg programmes in the Member States, although such co-financing was one of the main reasons for establishing the CBC programme. 
Vidare har territorialitetsprincipen hindrat att Interreg-medel anvnds fr att samfinansiera projekt inom programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete i Phare-lnder och att programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete delfinansierar Interreg-program i medlemsstaterna, fastn sdan delfinansiering var ett av de viktigaste sklen till att programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete skapades.
In the first two years of the programme, when allocating the overall CBC budget between individual Phare countries, the Commission did not sufficiently take into account the varying absorption capacities of the different countries, both in relation to the management capacity of their local authorities and the existing cooperation structures between Phare countries and neighbouring EU Member States. 
Vid frdelningen av den totala budgeten fr programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete mellan enskilda Phare-lnder under programmets tv frsta r tog kommissionen inte tillrcklig hnsyn till att de olika lndernas absorptionsfrmga varierar, bde i relation till de lokala myndigheternas frvaltningskapacitet och de befintliga strukturerna fr samarbete mellan Phare-lnderna och deras EU-grannlnder.
Several countries have excessively high Phare CBC allocations compared with their Phare national allocations, notably in the Czech Republic where CBC allocations represent 43 % of the total Phare allocation to the country for 1995 to 1999. 
Flera lnder har alltfr stora anslag via Phare-programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete i frhllande till sina nationella Phare-anslag, srskilt Tjeckien, dr anslagen inom programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete utgr 43 % av landets totala Phare-anslag fr 1995Đ1999.
In Bulgaria, where the absorption capacity for projects which have a genuine impact on the border regions has proved particularly limited, the Commission has nevertheless sought to maintain the allocation provided for in the MIP. 
I Bulgarien, dr absorptionsfrmgan fr projekt med en verklig inverkan p grnsomrdena visat sig vara srskilt begrnsad, har kommissionen nd frskt bibehlla det anslag som anges i det flerriga vgledande programmet.
Thus after no commitments were made in 1996 and 1997, ECU 51 million was committed in 1998 for the Bulgaria-Greece CBC programme for actions without an obvious cross-border impact on eligible regions. 
Sedan inga taganden gjorts under 1996 och 1997, gjordes 1998 taganden p 51 miljoner ecu fr programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete mellan Bulgarien och Grekland fr tgrder utan uppenbar grnsverskridande verkan p stdberttigade regioner.
Although the Commission fully committed the CBC budget each year with the exception of 1997, the utilisation of payment appropriations has been consistently low as Table 3 demonstrates. 
Fastn kommissionen gjorde taganden fr hela budgeten fr programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete fullt ut varje r med undantag av 1997, har utnyttjandet av betalningsbemyndiganden genomgende varit lgt, ssom framgr av tabell 3.
The low rate of implementation to a considerable degree is the result of the large budget made available compared to the relatively limited number of genuine cross-border projects ready to be implemented. 
Den lga genomfrandegraden r till stor del en fljd av att en stor budget gjorts tillgnglig i frhllande till det relativt begrnsade antalet verkligt grnsverskridande projekt som r klara fr genomfrande.
This is a direct consequence of the CommissionŐs policy of seeking to fully commit the available appropriations under whatever conditions. 
Detta r en direkt fljd av kommissionens policy att frska gra taganden fr alla tillgngliga anslag oavsett vilka omstndigheter som rder.
The Commission made extensive use of a consultancy firm to draw up the MIPs for the implementation of the CBC programme, although the programming exercise would have normally been expected to be undertaken directly by the Commission services in conjunction with the authorities in the Phare countries. 
Kommissionen utnyttjade i stor omfattning en konsultbyr fr att utarbeta flerriga vgledande program fr genomfrandet av programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete, fastn man normalt skulle ha vntat sig att programutformningen skulle ombesrjas direkt av kommissionens avdelningar i samarbete med myndigheterna i Phare-lnderna.
The regional and local authorities were not adequately consulted in preparing the programmes. 
De regionala och lokala myndigheterna rdfrgades inte i tillrcklig omfattning i programmens frberedelseskede.
C 48/12 EN Official Journal of the European Communities 21.2.2000 Table 3 Utilisation of CBC appropriations (1994 to 1998) Year Total Commitment appropriations (million ECU) 150,0 169,0 180,0 279,9 180,0 958,9 Actual commitments (million ECU) 150,0 169,0 180,0 141,0 180,0 820,0 Percentage utilised (%) 100 100 100 50 100 86 Payment appropriations (million ECU) 100,0 95,2 161,0 179,9 185,0 721,1 Actual payments Percentage utilised 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 (million ECU) (%) 26,5 27 35,2 37 71,3 44 109,7 61 168,5 91 411,2 57 Source: European Court of Auditors. 
C 48/12 SV Europeiska gemenskapernas officiella tidning 21.2.2000 Tabell 3 Utnyttjande av anslagen frn programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete (1994Đ1998) tagande-r bemyndiganden (miljoner ecu) 1994 150,0 1995 169,0 1996 180,0 1997 279,9 1998 180,0 Totalt 958,9 Klla: Europeiska revisionsrtten.
75. In several areas the procedures for implementing the CBC programme were not sufficiently defined by the Commission: (a) themainCBCguidelinesdocumentissuedbytheCommission is mainly limited to programming the aid and exists only in draft form so that it is uncertain how far the document is applicable (1); (b) while at the time the CBC programme was launched, most of the mainstream Phare programme was implemented through service contracts, the CBC programme is chiefly implemented through works contracts. 
P flera omrden hade kommissionen inte tillrckligt vl definierat hur programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete skulle genomfras: a) Kommissionens huvuddokument med riktlinjer fr grnsverskridande samarbete r i huvudsak begrnsat till planering av bistndet och finns endast i utkast, vilket innebr att det r oskert i vilken mn dokumentet kan tillmpas (1). b) Fastn vid den tid d programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete infrdes strre delen av det allmnna Phare-programmet genomfrdes med hjlp av kontrakt om tjnster, genomfrs programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete huvudsakligen med hjlp av bygg-och anlggningskontrakt.
However, guidelines for works contracts were only established in January 1998 (2); c) although the SPFs have had an important role to play in the CBC programme as from 1995, when the first funding was allocated to these instruments, guidelines in this area were not issued until April 1997. 
Emellertid faststlldes riktlinjer fr bygg-och anlggningskontrakt frst i januari 1998 (2). c) Fastn fonder fr smskaliga projekt haft en viktig roll att spela i programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete nda sedan 1995 d de frsta medlen tilldelades dessa instrument, utfrdades inga riktlinjer p detta omrde frrn i april 1997.
CommissionŐs management set-up 76. 
Kommissionens upplggning av frvaltningen 76.
While the Financial Regulation gives the Commission overall responsiblity for external relations aid (see paragraphs 68 and 69 above), the procedures used for implementing the CBC programme have been unnecessarily cumbersome and the process of devolution to the Commission Delegations within the Phare countries only began in 1998. 
Budgetfrordningen ger visserligen kommissionen det vergripande ansvaret fr bistnd frknippat med yttre frbindelser (se punkterna 68-69 ovan), men de frfaranden som tillmpats fr genomfrande av programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete har varit ondigt tungrodda och delegeringen till kommissionens delegationer i Phare-lnderna pbrjades frst 1998.
This lack of devolution is despite the fact that, in accordance with the objectives of the programme, CBC has been implemented in a more decentralised way by most beneficiary countries than is the case for Phare national programmes. 
Denna bristande delegering har skett trots att programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete i enlighet med mlen fr detta samarbete har genomfrts p ett mer decentraliserat stt av de flesta mottagarlnder n vad som r fallet fr nationella Phare-program.
Thus the greater involvement of local and regional authorities in (1) Phare-Interreg cross-border cooperation: Proposed guidelines for multiannual programming (August 1994). 
Det strre deltagandet frn lokala och regionala myn-(1) Phare-Interreg Cross-border Cooperation: Proposed guidelines for Multi-annual Programming (augusti 1994).
(2) Phare Decentralised Implementation System Manual, Volume 1. the CBC programme should have been matched by a correspondingly greater input from the Commission Delegations. 
(2) Phare Decentralised Implementation System Manual, Volume 1. digheters sida i programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete borde ha motsvarats av en strre insats frn kommissionens delegationer.
In the Baltic States and Slovenia the CBC programme was implemented according to the CommissionŐs centralised procedures, all contracts having to be approved and signed by Commission headquarters. 
I Baltikum och Slovenien genomfrdes programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete i enlighet med kommissionens centraliserade frfaranden, varvid alla avtal mste godknnas och undertecknas av kommissionens centrala avdelningar.
In other countries where the so-called ÔPhare decentralised implementation systemŐ (DIS) was in place, all contracts signed by beneficiaries for over ECU 500 000 had to be endorsed by the Commission headquarters. 
I andra lnder dr det s kallade decentraliserade genomfrandesystemet (DIS) fr Phare tillmpades mste alla avtal som undertecknades av mottagare och gllde belopp ver 500 000 ecu godknnas av kommissionens centrala avdelningar.
In addition, all work programmes, which form the basis for transfers of funds from the Commission to the beneficiary countries, had to be approved not only by the Delegations but also by two different services within DG I/A. Thus for the Polish CBC programmes the average time required by the Commission for endorsing contracts was 80 days and for work programmes 73 days. 
Dessutom mste alla arbetsprogram, som ligger till grund fr verfringar av medel frn kommissionen till mottagarlnderna godknnas inte enbart av delegationerna utan ocks av tv olika avdelningar inom GD IA. Fr de polska programmen fr grnsverskridande samarbete tog det kommissionen i genomsnitt 80 dagar att godknna avtal och 73 dagar att godknna arbetsprogram.
Despite the importance of infrastructure investment projects, the Commission had not adequately staffed its Delegations with professional engineers. 
Trots infrastrukturinvesteringsprojektens betydelse hade kommissionen inte bemannat sina delegationer med yrkesingen-jrer i tillrcklig omfattning.
Thus, for example, the Delegations in Poland and Albania did not have qualified expatriate engineers among their officials. 
Delegationerna i Polen och Albanien hade till exempel inga kvalificerade utsnda ingenjrer bland sina tjnstemn.
Implementing conditions in the beneficiary countries 79. 
Genomfrandefrhllanden i mottagarlnderna 79.
The impact to date of the CBC programme has also been adversely affected by difficulties in the implementing environment in the beneficiary countries. 
Verkan av programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete har hittills ocks pverkats negativt av svrigheter i genomfran-demiljn i mottagarlnderna.
In the first place, the CBC programme, because of its multisectorial and decentralised nature, has presented considerably more coordination difficulties to beneficiary countries than other Phare programmes. 
Eftersom programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete r inriktat p flera sektorer och decentraliserat har det frst och frmst gett upphov till mycket strre samordningssvrigheter fr mottagarlnderna n andra Phare-program.
In Bulgaria and the Czech Republic the PMUs were only starting to become operational in 1998, despite the fact that ECU 1,1 million and ECU 1,5 million respectively had already been spent on setting them up. 
I Bulgarien och Tjeckien inledde programfrvaltningsenheterna sin verksamhet frst 1998, trots att 1,1 miljoner ecu respektive 1,5 miljoner ecu redan hade lagts ut p att bygga upp dem.
This has often lowered the efficiency and effectiveness of programme management. 
Detta har ofta lett till att programfrvaltningen blivit mindre effektiv och mindre ndamlsenlig.
The central governments in the Phare countries have exerted varying, but in all cases significant, degrees of influence over the CBC programme, notably at the project selection stage. 
De centrala regeringarna i Phare-lnderna har haft varierande, men i samtliga fall betydande, inflytande p programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete, srskilt vid projekturvalet.
This tendency is only starting to be modified as most Phare countries embark on reforms aimed at decentralising their administrations. 
Denna tendens har just brjat vika, eftersom de flesta Phare-lnder infr reformer som syftar till decentralisering av frvaltningen.
This has meant that the programme has had less of an institutional impact on local authorities than it could have had. 
Detta har betytt att programmet har haft mindre institutionell verkan p lokala myndigheter n det kunde ha haft.
To the extent that local and regional authorities have been actively involved in the CBC programme, this has inevitably contributed to slowing down implementation, and thereby reducing impact at project level, because of the limited management experience of most of these bodies. 
I den mn lokala och regionala myndigheter har tagit aktiv del i programmet, har detta oundvikligen bidragit till att gra genomfrandet lngsammare, och drigenom minskat verkan p projektniv, p grund av den begrnsade frvaltningserfarenhet de flesta av dessa organ har.
To help overcome this situation, technical assistance which has been largely concentrated on the PMUs in the capitals should have been more widely extended to local and regional authorities to support implementation of the programme at project level. 
Fr att man lttare skulle f bukt med denna situation skulle det tekniska bistnd som i stor utstrckning har koncentrerats till programfrvaltningsenheterna i huvudstderna i hgre grad ha givits till lokala och regionala myndigheter, detta fr att strka genomfrandet av programmet p projektnivn.
Implementation of the CBC programme in Bulgaria and Albania was seriously disrupted by the economic and political crises which these countries experienced in 1996 and 1997 respectively. 
Genomfrandet av programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete i Bulgarien och Albanien drabbades av ett allvarligt avbrott i och med de ekonomiska och politiska kriser som drabbade dessa lnder under 1996 respektive 1997.
Management of the project cycle Planning 84. 
Frvaltning av projektcykeln Planering 84.
Implementation of the CBC programme has been hindered by the constraints of annual budget appropriations. 
Genomfrandet av programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete har hindrats av att budgetanslagen r ettriga.
Thus projects frequently have had to be divided up into annual phases with no guarantee concerning the funding of future phases and the need to retender contracts. 
Projekten har allts ofta ftt delas upp i rliga faser utan garantier fr finansiering av framtida etapper och med behovet att gra nya upphandlingar av kontrakt.
Moreover, unlike for Interreg, CBC funds are only allocated at national level rather than regional level which constitutes an obstacle to regional planning and coordination with Interreg. 
Till skillnad mot vad som gller fr Interreg ansls medel ur programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete endast p nationell och inte p regional niv, vilket utgr ett hinder fr regional planering och samordning med Interreg.
The annual commitment of funds by the Commission is typically towards the end of the financial year. This is despite the fact that for some programmes, notably Poland-Germany, projects are generally approved by the JPMC at the start of the year. 
Vanligen gr kommissionen taganden av medlen mot slutet av budgetret, trots att projekten i vissa fall, srskilt fr Polen-Tyskland, oftast godknns av den gemensamma program-och kontrollkommittn vid rets brjan.
In most cases, project implementation only begins one to two years after project approval because beneficiaries had not prepared tender documentation at the time of the approval. 
I de flesta fall brjade projekten genomfras frst ett eller tv r efter det att de godknts, eftersom mottagarna inte hade anbudshandlingarna klara nr godknnandet gjordes.
For example, in Poland and the Czech Republic implementation of infrastructure projects only began on average 20 and 26 months respectively after the signature of the financing memorandum. 
I Polen och Tjeckien brjade genomfrandet av infrastrukturprojekt frst efter i genomsnitt 20 respektive 26 mnader efter det att finansieringsavtalet undertecknats.
In certain cases, notably for the large road-building projects in Albania, feasibility studies had not even been completed at the time of project approval. 
I vissa fall, srskilt fr de stora vgbygg-nadsprojekten i Albanien, hade genomfrbarhetsstudierna inte ens slutfrts nr projekten godkndes.
Although the CBC programme has mainly financed infrastructure projects, for the great majority of such projects the Commission has not sought to obtain co-financing from IFIs as envisaged under the Copenhagen CouncilŐs Decision in 1993 when PhareŐs involvement in infrastructure was authorised. Monitoring and evaluation 88. 
Fastn programmet fr grnsverskridande samarbete huvudsakligen har finansierat infrastrukturprojekt, har kommissionen i det stora flertalet av sdana projekt inte frskt utverka samfinansiering frn internationella finansinstitut i enlighet med vad som angavs i rdets beslut i Kpenhamn 1993, nr Phare:s delaktighet i infrastruktur godkndes. vervakning och utvrdering 88.