natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Up to 1.6 million lives would be saved by 2050 across the 33 countries included in the OECD analysis, by using measures such as: promoting hospital hygiene; reducing over-prescription of antibiotics; improving antimicrobial stewardship programmes; mass media campaigns; and the use of rapid tests to detect whether an infection is bacterial or viral. 
Upp till 1,6 miljoner liv skulle kunna rddas fram till 2050 i de 33 lnder som omfattas av OECD:s analys med hjlp av tgrder som till exempel att frmja sjukhushygien, minska den verdrivna frskrivningen av antibiotika, frbttra programmen fr strategier fr antimikrobiell lkemedelsbehandling, driva kampanjer i massmedia och anvnda snabba tester fr att ta reda p om en infektion beror p bakterier eller virus.
OECD considers that investments in these measures could pay for themselves within one year and produce savings of about $ 1.5 USD for every dollar invested afterwards. 
OECD anser att investeringar i dessa tgrder skulle kunna lna sig inom ett r och drefter fra med sig kostnadsbesparingar p omkring 1,5 US-dollar fr varje dollar som har investerats.
Combining these measures in a coherent way would yield even higher benefits and savings. 
Om man kombinerar dessa tgrder p ett konsekvent stt skulle de till och med kunna leda till strre frdelar och besparingar.
27 In this context we note that health is not a strategic investment priority for the Structural Funds in the current programming period, but that the Structural Funds are used for the investments in health. 
27 I detta sammanhang noterar vi att hlsa inte r en strategisk investeringsprioritering inom strukturfonderna i den nuvarande programperioden, men att strukturfonderna anvnds fr att investera i hlsa.
A Commission-funded study20 found that 7 404 health projects were funded by the Structural Funds between 2014-2018, with a total allocation of Ű8 billion. 
I en kommissionsfinansierad studie20 konstaterades det att 7 404 hlsoprojekt finansierades genom strukturfonderna 2014Đ2018 och att anslagen totalt uppgick till 8 miljarder euro.
20 ESI Funds for Health Đ Investing for a healthy and inclusive EU Đ Final Report, Milieu Law and Policy Consulting, 2019. 
20 ESI-fonder fr hlsa Đ Investing for a healthy and inclusive EU (investeringar i ett hlsosamt och inkluderande EU) Đ slutrapport, Milieu Law and Policy Consulting, 2019.
ECDC actions provided valuable support to the Commission and Member States in fighting AMR 28 The ECDC performs a range of AMR related tasks. 
antimikrobiell resistens.
It coordinates surveillance of AMR, antimicrobial consumption and healthcare-associated infections with three networks, i.e. the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net); the European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption Network (ESAC-Net) and the Healthcare-Associated Infections surveillance Network (HAI-Net), under the AMR and Healthcare-Associated Infections (ARHAI) programme. 
Centrumet samordnar vervakningen av antimikrobiell resistens, frbrukningen av antimikrobiella medel och vrdrelaterade infektioner genom tre ntverk, nmligen det europeiska ntverket fr vervakning av antimikrobiell resistens (EARS-Net), det europeiska ntverket fr vervakning av frbrukning av antimikrobiella medel (ESAC-Net) och ntverket fr vervakning av vrdrelaterade infektioner (HAI-Net), inom ramen fr programmet om antimikrobiell resistens och vrdrelaterade infektioner (ARHAI).
These surveillance networks provide key scientific information in a harmonised format, which is used for ECDCŐs scientific advice, training, country visits and awareness raising activities. 
Dessa vervakningsntverk ger viktig vetenskaplig information i ett harmoniserat format, som anvnds fr ECDC:s vetenskapliga rdgivning, utbildning, landsbesk och medvetandehjande insatser.
The ECDC uses information from these networks to contribute data, on behalf of EU / EEA countries to the WHO. 
ECDC anvnder informationen frn dessa ntverk fr att bidra med uppgifter p EU-och EES-lndernas vgnar till WHO.
29 ECDC performs country visits aimed at providing assistance to national authorities. 
29 ECDC besker lnder fr att bist nationella myndigheter.
Between 2006 and 2017, ECDC conducted 25 such visits devoted to the use of antimicrobial agents in human medicine. 
Mellan 2006 och 2017 genomfrde ECDC 25 sdana besk som rrde anvndningen av antimikrobiella medel inom humanmedicin.
Since the launch of the EU One Health Action Plan in 2017, ECDC and the Commission perform joint country visits in a One Health approach, combining human and animal health. 
Sedan EU:s One Health-handlingsplan lanserades 2017 utfr ECDC och kommissionen gemensamma landsbesk inom ramen fr en One Health-modell, dr mnniskors hlsa och djurhlsa kombineras.
By April 2019 there had been six such visits (compared with an initial plan to do six per year), as most Member State have not requested them. 
Fram till april 2019 hade sex sdana besk gt rum (jmfrt med den ursprungliga planen att utfra sex per r), eftersom de flesta medlemsstaterna inte hade efterfrgat dem.
The replies to our survey indicated that these visits had a significant impact on the development of AMR actions by the Member States concerned. 
Svaren i vr enkt visade att besken hade en betydande inverkan p hur tgrder mot antimikrobiell resistens utvecklades i de berrda medlemsstaterna.
30 We noted that ECDC received an increasing number of AMR-related requests for assistance. 
30 Vi noterade att ECDC mottog ett vxande antal frfrgningar om std med anknytning till antimikrobiell resistens.
We consider that ECDCŐs activities inform both the Commission and Member States, while noting the increasing risk that ECDC cannot perform important AMR work on time. 
21 kommissionen och medlemsstaterna, men noterar ven den kande risken fr att ECDC inte kan utfra viktigt arbete som rr antimikrobiell resistens i tid.
There were gaps in information on outcomes and surveillance of AMR 31 The CommissionŐs overall objective is to make the EU a best practice region for AMR and antimicrobial consumption. 
Det fanns brister i informationen om utfall och i vervakningen av antimikrobiell resistens 31 Kommissionens vergripande ml r att gra EU till ett omrde fr bsta praxis nr det gller antimikrobiell resistens och frbrukningen av antimikrobiella medel.
In the context of its EU action plan, it thus requested the EU agencies (ECDC, EFSA and EMA) to produce a scientific opinion on outcome indicators for AMR One Health Action that could use existing surveillance data. 
I samband med EU-handlingsplanen begrde kommissionen sledes att EU:s organ (ECDC, Efsa och EMA) skulle utarbeta ett vetenskapligt utltande om utfallsindikatorer fr One Health-handlingsplanen mot antimikrobiell resistens, som kunde bygga p befintliga vervakningsuppgifter.
Those indicators should assist Member States in monitoring their progress in reducing the use of antimicrobials and AMR in humans and food-producing animals, and to set targets to decrease risks of AMR. 
Dessa indikatorer skulle hjlpa medlemsstaterna att vervaka framstegen med att minska anvndningen av antimikrobiella medel och antimikrobiell resistens hos mnniskor och livsmedelsproducerande djur samt att faststlla ml fr att minska riskerna fr antimikrobiell resistens.
20 22 
32 Med anledning av denna begran utarbetade organen ett gemensamt vetenskapligt utltande om utfallsindikatorer i oktober 201722.
20 Surveillance of healthcare associated infections was incomplete despite EU legal requirements 33 There is consistent evidence23 that healthcare associated infections (HAIs) are the primary source of infection by AMR in humans in Europe. 
Nr vi genomfrde vr revision (april 2019) konstaterade vi att statusen fr dessa utfallsindikatorer var osker och att varken de medlemsstater vi beskte eller kommissionen anvnde dem konsekvent fr att bevaka framsteg. vervakningen av vrdrelaterade infektioner var ofullstndig, trots EU:s rttsliga krav 33 Det finns tydliga bevis23 p att vrdrelaterade infektioner r den frmsta kllan till infektioner med resistenta mikrober hos mnniskor i Europa.
According to ECDC data, transmission of resistant bacteria in hospitals and other healthcare settings is a serious issue since almost nine million HAIs occur in the EU each year. 
22 ett allvarligt problem, eftersom nstan nio miljoner vrdrelaterade infektioner ptrffas i EU varje r.
This study showed that the contribution of various antibiotic-resistant bacteria to the overall burden varies greatly between countries. 
Studien visade att antibiotikaresistenta bakteriers bidrag till den allmnna brdan varierar i stor utstrckning mellan de olika lnderna.
The ECDC has identified that in five Member States, more than half of healthcare associated infections in acute care hospitals were caused by resistant bacterial pathogens (see Figure 5). 
ECDC konstaterade i fem medlemsstater att ver hlften av de vrdrelaterade infektionerna p akutsjukhus orsakades av resistenta bakteriella patogener (se figur 5).
Figure 5 Đ AMR in HAI from acute care hospital according to the data collected by the ECDC In 2018, ECDC developed a composite index of AMR in Healthcare Associated Infections from acute care hospitals. 
Figur 5 Đ Antimikrobiell resistens hos vrdrelaterade infektioner p akutsjukhus, enligt de uppgifter som samlats in av ECDC r 2018 tog ECDC fram ett sammansatt index ver antimikrobiell resistens hos vrdrelaterade infektioner p akutsjukhus.
Resistant isolates (%) <5 5 to <20 20 to <35 35 to <50 >=50 No data Not invited Non-visiblecountries Liechtenstein Luxembourg Malta Source: ECDC, 2018; Adapted from: Suetens C, et al. Euro Surveill. 
Resistenta isolat (%) <5 5 till <20 20 till <35 35 till <50 >=50 Inga uppgifter Inte inbjudna Lnder som inte syns Liechtenstein Luxemburg Malta Klla: ECDC, 2018, p grundval av Suetens C, et al.
34 In its Recommendation of 9 June 200924 the Council already recommended Member States to engage in prevalence surveys and surveillance of targeted infection types, using where appropriate ECDC recommended surveillance methods and indicators agreed at Community level. 
Det krver ven omfattande uppgiftsvalidering. 24 Rdets rekommendation av den 9 juni 2009 om patientskerhet och frebyggande och kontroll av vrdrelaterade infektioner (2009/C 151/01).
35 We found that HAI surveillance data for the EU is incomplete. 
35 Vi konstaterade att vervakningsuppgifterna om vrdrelaterade infektioner i EU r ofullstndiga.
Involvement in ECDC surveillance25 ranges from six Member States that participate in all five modules of ECDCŐs HAI-Net surveillance network to three Member States that participate in one 24 Council Recommendation of 9 June 2009 on patient safety, including the prevention and control of healthcare associated infections (2009/C 151/01). 
Deltagandet i ECDC:s vervakning25 varierar frn sex medlemsstater som deltar i alla fem moduler i ECDC:s vervakningsntverk HAI-Net till tre medlemsstater som deltar i endast en modul.
module. The incompleteness of the surveillance data is likely to slow down actions against AMR. 
Det faktum att vervakningsuppgifterna r ofullstndiga kommer sannolikt att bromsa tgrderna mot antimikrobiell resistens.
36 The environment is one of the pillars of the One Health approach to AMR, together with human health and veterinary issues. 
36 Miljn r en av pelarna i One Health-modellen fr antimikrobiell resistens, vid sidan av mnniskors hlsa och veterinra frgor.
We note that better addressing the role of the environment was a specific objective under the CommissionŐs current One Health Action Plan. 
Vi noterar att ett specifikt ml i kommissionens nuvarande One Health-handlingsplan r att hantera miljns roll p ett bttre stt.
There is little information targeting the process of transmission of AMR through the environment, when compared with human health and animal health sectors. 
Det finns inte srskilt mycket information som rr spridningen av antimikrobiell resistens i miljn, jmfrt med sektorerna fr mnniskors hlsa och djurhlsa.
The environmental sector is not specifically included in the JAMRAI Work Packages, nor under the various EU surveillance systems for AMR. 
Miljsektorn har inte specifikt inbegripits i JAMRAI-arbetspaketen och inte heller i EU:s olika vervakningssystem fr antimikrobiell resistens.
In 2019 the Commission adopted a communication26 on a ŇEuropean Union strategic approach to pharmaceuticals and the environmentÓ, which included the objective to identify actions to combat AMR. 
2019 antog kommissionen meddelandet26 Europeiska unionens strategi om lkemedel i miljn, som innehll mlet att faststlla tgrder fr att bekmpa antimikrobiell resistens.
We also note that a scientific report27 by EFSA from 2019 suggested the monitoring of AMR in the environment. 
Vi noterar ven att det i en vetenskaplig rapport27 frn Efsa 2019 fresls att antimikrobiell resistens i miljn br vervakas.
The prudent use of veterinary antimicrobials in the Member States has improved 37 The excessive use of veterinary antimicrobials, and AMR in animals and food, are vectors in the development of AMR in human health, and are areas where the EU has clear competences (see paragraph 14). 
Anvndningen av antimikrobiella veterinrmedicinska lkemedel i medlemsstaterna har blivit mer terhllsam 37 verdriven anvndning av antimikrobiella veterinrmedicinska lkemedel, och antimikrobiell resistens hos djur och livsmedel, r vektorer i utvecklingen av antimikrobiell resistens nr det gller mnniskors hlsa. P dessa omrden har EU tydliga befogenheter (se punkt 14).
We therefore examined whether there was evidence that veterinary antimicrobials were better used and whether the EU rules on the monitoring and reporting of AMR in zoonotic and commensal bacteria were applied well in practice. 
Vi underskte drfr om det fanns belgg fr att veterinrmedicinska antimikrobiella medel anvnds p ett bttre stt och om EU:s regler om vervakning och rapportering av antimikrobiell resistens hos zoonotiska och kommensala bakterier tillmpades p ett bra stt i praktiken.
23 26 Communication from the Commission COM (2019) 128 of 11.03.2019 to the European Parliament, the Council and the European Economic and Social Committee: ŇEuropean Union Strategic Approach to Pharmaceuticals in the EnvironmentÓ. 
26 COM (2019) 128, 11.3.2019, meddelande frn kommissionen till Europaparlamentet, rdet och Europeiska ekonomiska och sociala kommittn Europeiska unionens strategi om lkemedel i miljn.
27 Technical specifications on harmonised monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from food-producing animals and food. 
27 Technical specifications on harmonised monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from food-producing animals and food (tekniska specifikationer fr harmoniserad vervakning av antimikrobiell resistens hos zoonosbakterier och indikatorbakterier frn livsmedelsproducerande djur och livsmedel). 24
Some Member States have deployed successful strategies to reduce the use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine 38 The consumption of antimicrobials by food producing animals is much higher than in humans28, whether in terms of total consumption, or in terms of doses compared with weight. 
Vissa medlemsstater har infrt framgngsrika strategier fr att minska anvndningen av antibiotika inom veterinrmedicin 38 Frbrukningen av antimikrobiella medel hos livsmedelsproducerande djur r mycket strre n hos mnniskor28, oavsett om man beaktar den totala frbrukningen eller doser i frhllande till vikt.
European agencies have recognised that the reduction of the use of veterinary antimicrobials is a desirable objective to contain AMR. The European Medicines Agency has reported that sales of veterinary antimicrobials, in relation to total livestock (expressed as mg sold per Population Correction Unit (PCU))29 dropped by 20 %30 for the EU as a whole between 2011 and 2016; but also that there were large differences in sales and use of different classes of antimicrobials across the EU. 
Europeiska lkemedelsmyndigheten har rapporterat att frsljningen av antimikrobiella veterinrmedicinska lkemedel i frhllande till det totala djurbestndet (uttryckt som slda milligram per korrigerad djurenhet29) minskade med 20 %30 i EU som helhet mellan 2011 och 2016, men ven att det fanns stora skillnader i EU nr det gller frsljning och anvndning av olika 28 Se tabell 5 i den senaste JIACRA-rapporten (frn 2017) om frbrukningen av antimikrobiella medel och frekomsten av antimikrobiell resistens hos bakterier frn mnniskor och livsmedelsproducerande djur.
In six Member States, sales of antimicrobials increased by more than 5 %. 
I sex medlemsstater kade frsljningen av antimikrobiella medel med ver 5 %.
Annex I shows detailed sales per country. 
I bilaga I visas frsljningen i detalj per land.
Figure 6 shows that sales in the Member States of veterinary antimicrobial agents, expressed as mg sold per PCU31 varied widely. 
Figur 6 visar att frsljningen av antimikrobiella veterinrmedicinska lkemedel i medlemsstaterna, uttryckt som slda milligram per korrigerad djurenhet31, varierade stort.
Figure 6 Đ Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents for food producing animals vary widely across Member States Note: EMAadvisedinitsrecentESVACreportnottousedatatodirectlycomparecountries. 
Figur 6 Đ Frsljningen av antimikrobiella veterinrmedicinska medel fr livsmedelsproducerande djur varierar stort mellan medlemsstaterna Anmrkning: I den senaste Esvac-rapporten avrdde EMA frn att anvnda uppgifterna fr att direkt jmfra lnder.
2016 sales as mg per Population Correction Unit. 
Frsljning 2016 i mg per korrigerad djurenhet.
Source: Adapted from Table 4 8th ESVAC report, EMA. 
Klla: P grundval av tabell 4 i den 8:e Esvac-rapporten, EMA.
39 We visited the competent authorities in four Member States to discuss their experiences aimed at achieving a more prudent use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine. 
39 Vi beskte de behriga myndigheterna i fyra medlemsstater fr att diskutera deras erfarenheter, med mlet att f till stnd en mer terhllsam anvndning av antimikrobiella medel inom veterinrmedicin.
Box 3 shows some of the good practices they followed to achieve results. 
I ruta 3 ges exempel p god praxis som de fljde fr att uppn resultat.
Highest 453 Average 129 12 Lowest 25 
Hgst 453 Genomsnitt 129 12 Lgst 26 31 Se tabell 4 iden ttonde Esvac-rapporten.
The new EU legal framework addressed some known weaknesses 40 The new EU Regulations on veterinary medicinal products32 and medicated feed33 will strengthen the approach in fighting AMR (see Box 4), by requiring the more prudent use of antimicrobials by the Member States, and regulating the data collection 32 Regulation (EU) 2019/6 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on veterinary medicinal products and repealing Directive 2001/82/EC. 
EU:s nya rttsliga ram tgrdade vissa knda brister 40 De nya EU-frordningarna om veterinrmedicinska produkter32 och foder som innehller lkemedel33 kommer att strka strategin fr att bekmpa antimikrobiell 32 Europaparlamentets och rdets frordning (EU) 2019/6 av den 11 december 2018 om veterinrmedicinska lkemedel och om upphvande av direktiv 2001/82/EG.
26 Box 3 Member States can reduce the use of veterinary antimicrobials Sweden has the lowest rate of consumption of veterinary antimicrobials in the EU. 
27 Ruta 3 Medlemsstaterna kan minska anvndningen av antimikrobiella veterinrmedicinska lkemedel Sverige har den lgsta frbrukningen av antimikrobiella veterinrmedicinska lkemedel i EU.
A focus on animal health, welfare and biosecurity at farms contributed to this. 
Fokuset p djurs hlsa och vlbefinnande samt bioskydd p grdarna har bidragit till detta.
Infection prevention and control plans are mandatory for all farms, antimicrobials are used only on prescription, and national data on the use of veterinary antimicrobials has been collected for many years. 
Planer fr att frebygga och bekmpa infektioner r obligatoriska fr alla grdar, antimikrobiella medel anvnds enbart nr de frskrivs och nationella uppgifter om anvndningen av antimikrobiella veterinrmedicinska lkemedel har samlats in i mnga r.
In the Netherlands, France and especially Spain, the historic use of veterinary antimicrobials was high. 
I Nederlnderna, Frankrike och i synnerhet Spanien har anvndningen av antimikrobiella veterinrmedicinska lkemedel historiskt sett legat p en hg niv.
The use of veterinary antimicrobials in both France and the Netherlands approximately halved between 2011 and 2016. 
Anvndningen av antimikrobiella veterinrmedicinska medel nstan halverades i bde Frankrike och Nederlnderna mellan 2011 och 2016.
Although Spain achieved a reduction of 13 % between 2014 and 2016, it remained one of the Member States with a very high use of veterinary antimicrobials. 
Spanien minskade sin anvndning med 13 % mellan 2014 och 2016, men var fortfarande en av de medlemsstater dr anvndningen av antimikrobiella veterinrmedicinska medel lg p en mycket hg niv.
While the situation is different in each of these countries, the actions taken included setting specific national reduction targets and plans; organising close cooperation between farmers, veterinarians and food producers; and restricting the use of last resort antibiotics in the veterinary sector. 
Situationen ser olika ut i var och en av dessa lnder, men tgrder har vidtagits bland annat fr att faststlla specifika nationella minskningsml och minskningsplaner, fr att organisera nra samarbete mellan jordbrukare, veterinrer och livsmedelsproducenter och fr att begrnsa anvndningen av sista linjens antibiotika inom den veterinrmedicinska sektorn.
A specific case: significant reduction in the use of colistin in Spain Colistin is a last-resort antibiotic that should only be used under specific circumstances (see paragraph 03). In 2014, Spain had the highest veterinary use of colistin in the EU (using 37 mg / PCU). 
Ett specifikt fall: betydande minskning av anvndningen av kolistin i Spanien Kolistin r en sista linjens antibiotika som enbart br anvndas vid specifika omstndigheter (se punkt 03). r 2014 var den veterinrmedicinska anvndningen av kolistin i Spanien den hgsta i EU (37 mg/korrigerad djurenhet).
An action plan was launched and competent authorities worked with veterinarians and professionals representing the pig farming sector to agree on reducing the use of colistin. 
En handlingsplan infrdes och behriga myndigheter arbetade tillsammans med veterinrer och yrkespersoner som representerade grisuppfdningssektorn i syfte att komma verens om att minska anvndningen av kolistin.
A quantitative target of 5 mg/PCU was set for a three-year period, while also putting in place controls to avoid increased use of alternative antibiotics. 
Ett kvantitativt ml p 5 milligram/korrigerad djurenhet faststlldes fr en trersperiod, samtidigt som kontroller infrdes fr att frhindra att anvndningen av alternativa antibiotika kade.
The use of colistin dropped to 7 mg/PCU by the start of 2018 (close to the EU average). framework. 
Anvndningen av kolistin hade minskat till 7 milligram/korrigerad djurenhet i brjan av 2018 (vilket r nra genomsnittet i EU).
The Commission plans to adopt implementing and delegated acts to complete the new EU framework in this area by early 2022. 
Kommissionen planerar att anta genomfrandeakter och delegerade akter fr att komplettera den nya EU-ramen p detta omrde i brjan av 2022.
41 However, we found that there are challenges ahead for the Commission and the Member States in rolling out this framework. 
41 Vi konstaterade dock att utmaningar vntar fr kommissionen och medlemsstaterna nr de infr detta ramverk.
In particular, the summary of product characteristics for the use of old medicines, including antimicrobials, need to be updated so they can continue to be used. 
I synnerhet mste produktresumerna fr anvndning av ldre lkemedel, dribland antimikrobiella medel, uppdateras s att de fortsatt kan anvndas.