natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The legal framework for checks by monitoring has become clearer 24 According to the results of our survey, around two-fifths of the paying agencies consider that the initial legislation adopted in May 2018 (see paragraph 11) did not allow pragmatic solutions to implement checks by monitoring. 
Den rttsliga ramen fr kontroller genom vervakning har blivit tydligare 24 Enligt resultaten av vr enkt anser omkring tv femtedelar av de utbetalande organen att den ursprungliga lagstiftning som antogs i maj 2018 (se punkt 11) inte medgav pragmatiska lsningar fr att infra kontroller genom vervakning.
The Commission realised that there was a need for further clarification and amended the legal framework applicable to the 2019 claim year7. 
Kommissionen insg att ytterligare frtydliganden behvdes och ndrade den rttsliga ramen fr anskningsret 20197.
25 Our survey shows that for 52 out of 59 paying agencies, one important obstacle is uncertainty about the CommissionŐs conformity clearance procedure in the context of the new approach. 
25 Vr enkt visar att 52 av de 59 utbetalande organen anser att oskerhet kring kommissionens kontroll av verensstmmelse r ett stort hinder nr det gller den nya metoden.
While, in the case of traditional checks, detailed rules exist on Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1804 of 28 October 2019 amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 809/2014 as regards amendments of aid applications or payment claims, checks in the integrated administration and control system and the control system in relation to cross compliance. 20 7 
Vad betrffar traditionella kontroller finns det detaljerade regler fr hur Kommissionens genomfrandefrordning (EU) 2019/1804 av den 28 oktober 2019 om ndring av genomfrandefrordning (EU) nr 809/2014 vad gller ndringar av stdanskningar eller stdansprk, kontroller i det integrerade administrations-och kontrollsystemet och kontrollsystemet med avseende p tvrvillkor. 21 7
how to carry out on the spot or remote sensing checks, there are no such rules for checks by monitoring. 
kontroller p plats eller med hjlp av fjrranalys ska genomfras, medan sdana regler saknas fr kontroller genom vervakning.
Paying agencies are thus concerned that the Commission may later question their approach and the decisions taken, and apply financial corrections. 
De utbetalande organen r drfr oroade ver att kommissionen senare kan ifrgastta deras tillvgagngsstt och beslut och tillmpa finansiella korrigeringar.
26 The Commission understood this concern and took steps to clarify how checks by monitoring will be audited in the future through: o assessing each notification of checks by monitoring against a set of legal and technical elements8; o communicating the results of these assessments to the paying agencies; and o sending a letter to all paying agencies implementing checks by monitoring in 2019, expressing its readiness to hold discussions and find a solution if major issues arise. 
26 Kommissionen frstod denna oro och vidtog tgrder fr att frtydliga hur kontroller genom vervakning kommer att granskas i framtiden genom att den o bedmde varje anmlan av kontroller genom vervakning i frhllande till en uppsttning rttsliga och tekniska komponenter8, o meddelade de utbetalande organen resultaten av dessa bedmningar, o skickade ett brev till alla utbetalande organ som genomfrde kontroller genom vervakning 2019, dr den sade sig vara beredd att diskutera och hitta lsningar p strre problem som eventuellt uppstr.
27 Some of the paying agencies we visited during our audit expected the Commission to approve their methodology for checks by monitoring. 
27 En del av de utbetalande organ som vi beskte under revisionen trodde att kommissionen skulle godknna deras metod fr kontroller genom vervakning.
While the paying agencies have discussed a number of technical aspects with JRC experts, the Commission has not approved methodologies and does not plan to do so. 
De utbetalande organen har diskuterat ett antal tekniska aspekter med experter frn JRC, men kommissionen har inte godknt ngra metoder och planerar inte att gra det.
28 In its technical guidelines9, the Commission describes some basic rules for checking whether the system correctly interpreted the Sentinel data, by comparing it with the situation found on the field. 
28 I sina tekniska riktlinjer9 beskriver kommissionen vissa grundregler fr att kontrollera om systemet har tolkat Sentineldatan korrekt som innebr att datan jmfrs med situationen p marken.
This error has little impact on the EU budget as the farmer would most likely appeal; and o 10-20 % of false green errors, which occurs when a farmer who is fully or partially non-compliant is paid without this non-compliance being detected by the system. This type of error may result in an overpayment, thus having a clear impact on the Stipulated in Articles 40a and 40b of Regulation 809/2014 and in the JRC ÔTechnical guidance on the decision to go for substitution of OTSC by monitoringŐ; 2018; pp. 3 to 8. JRC; ÔSecond discussion document on the introduction of monitoring in place of on the spot checks: rules for processing applications in 2018-2019Ő; 2018, p. 
Fr att utvrdera tillfrlitligheten hos det automatiska systemet fr bedmning av skiften har kommissionen faststllt tv inledande trskelvrden fr de utbetalande organens system som inte fr verstiga o 5 % felaktiga rda fel, som intrffar nr en jordbrukare med en korrekt deklaration bedms ha brustit i efterlevnaden; detta fel har liten inverkan p EU-budgeten eftersom jordbrukaren med strsta sannolikhet skulle verklaga bedmningen, o 10Đ20 % felaktiga grna fel, som intrffar nr en jordbrukare som brustit helt eller delvis i efterlevnaden fr betalt utan att den bristande efterlevnaden upptcks av Som anges i artiklarna 40a och 40b i frordning (EU) nr 809/2014 och i JRC:s Technical guidance on the decision to go for substitution of OTSC by monitoring, 2018, s. 3Đ8. JRC, Second discussion document on the introduction of monitoring in place of on the spot checks: rules for processing applications in 2018Đ2019, 2018, s.
29 The technical guidelines do not provide information on some key elements of the quality control arrangements (minimum number of samples for testing, selection criteria, reporting requirements). 
29 De tekniska riktlinjerna innehller ingen information om vissa nyckeldelar av arrangemangen fr kvalitetskontroll (minsta antal stickprov fr granskning, urvalskriterier och rapporteringskrav).
A robust quality assessment framework could provide valuable information for the paying agencies implementing the checks by monitoring system, while reducing the risk of financial corrections. In 2010, the Commission established such a quality assessment framework for LPIS, requiring Member States to annually test its quality and take remedial action where required. 
En tillfrlitlig ram fr kvalitetsbedmning skulle kunna ge vrdefull information till de utbetalande organ som tillmpar systemet med kontroller genom vervakning, samtidigt som risken fr finansiella korrigeringar minskar. r 2010 faststllde kommissionen en sdan kvalitetsbedmningsram fr LPIS och krvde att medlemsstaterna varje r skulle granska dess kvalitet och vid behov vidta korrigerande tgrder.
While we identified weaknesses in the LPIS quality framework in our Special Report No 25/201610, we also acknowledged its contribution to improving the quality of the LPIS. 
I srskild rapport nr 25/201610 identifierade vi brister i kvalitetsramen fr LPIS, men vi konstaterade ven att den bidrog till att frbttra kvaliteten p LPIS.
30 An issue, which the CommissionŐs legislative changes have not resolved completely, is the complexity of some area aid schemesŐ requirements. 
30 Ett problem som kommissionen genom sina lagndringar nnu inte har lst helt r de komplexa kraven i vissa arealstdsystem.
These are a combination of EU and national rules and designed at a time when Copernicus and other technologies were not available. 
Dessa krav r en kombination av EU-regler och nationella regler som faststlldes i en tid d Copernicus och andra tekniker inte var tillgngliga.
They can be very complex for some CAP aid measures, such as greening, which involve making direct payments to farmers who adopt or maintain farming practices that help in meeting environmental and climate goals. 
De kan vara mycket komplexa fr vissa GJP-stdtgrder, till exempel miljanpassning, dr direktstd betalas till jordbrukare som infr eller behller jordbruksmetoder som bidrar till att milj-och klimatml uppfylls.
These cannot always be monitored remotely, meaning that paying agencies continue to need traditional field inspections (see Table 1). 
Dessa metoder kan inte alltid fjrrvervakas, vilket innebr att de utbetalande organen behver fortstta att gra traditionella fltinspektioner (se tabell 1).
The introduction of the post-2020 CAP represents an opportunity to reassess the benefits and need for some of these requirements. 
Infrandet av GJP efter 2020 r ett tillflle att omprva nyttan och behovet av vissa av dessa krav.
22 10 ECA, Special report 25/2016: The Land Parcel Identification System: a useful tool to determine the eligibility of agricultural land Đ but its management could be further improved, paragraphs 65-72. 
23 10 Revisionsrtten, srskild rapport 25/2016 Systemet fr identifiering av jordbruksskiften (LPIS): ett anvndbart verktyg fr att faststlla stdberttigandet fr jordbruksmark Đ men det skulle kunna frvaltas bttre, punkterna 65Đ72.
Table 1 Đ Examples of greening requirements and whether they can be monitored remotely with Sentinel data 23 Can be monitored Cannot be monitored Presence of a catch crop Presence of a nitrogen-fixing crop Fallow land Presence of two species of plants in the catch crop Landscape elements (rows of trees, hedges, ponds, canals) less than 20m wide Source: ECAbasedonCommissiondocumentsanddiscussions. 
Tabell 1 Đ Exempel p miljanpassningskrav och huruvida de kan fjrrvervakas med Sentineldata 24 Kan vervakas Kan inte vervakas Frekomst av en fnggrda Frekomst av en kvvefixerande grda Mark i trda Frekomst av tv vxtarter i fnggrdan Landskapselement (trdrader, hckar, dammar, kanaler etc.) som r mindre n 20 meter breda Klla: Europeiska revisionsrtten, p grundval av kommissionsdokument och diskussioner med kommissionen.
The Commission has promoted and supported the new approach 31 Our survey indicates that two thirds of the paying agencies consider the Commission has provided sufficient support for them to implement the checks by monitoring approach. 
Kommissionen har frmjat och sttt det nya tillvgagngssttet 31 Vr enkt visar att tv tredjedelar av de utbetalande organen anser att kommissionen har gett tillrckligt med std fr att de ska kunna tillmpa kontroller genom vervakning.
While one fifth of paying agencies did not consider the CommissionŐs support to be adequate, they did not provide valid justification for this statement. 
En femtedel av de utbetalande organen ansg inte att kommissionens std var adekvat, men de gav ingen giltig motivering till den stndpunkten.
The remaining respondents were neutral. 
De vriga utbetalande organen var neutrala.
We found the Commission to be active in promoting and supporting checks by monitoring in various ways: o since May 2017, it has organised more than 15 conferences, workshops, expert group meetings and seminars where checks by monitoring was explicitly on the agenda; o from January 2018 to August 2019, it has held bilateral meetings with paying agencies interested in implementing checks by monitoring in 15 Member States; and o it has replied to questions from Member States, and made available a single Questions & Answers document on the new monitoring approach. 
Vi konstaterade att kommissionen har frmjat och sttt kontroller genom vervakning p fljande olika stt: o Sedan maj 2017 har den anordnat mer n 15 konferenser, workshoppar, expertgruppmten och seminarier dr kontroller genom vervakning utryckligen har sttt p dagordningen. o Mellan januari 2018 och augusti 2019 hll den bilaterala mten med utbetalande organ som var intresserade av att tillmpa kontroller genom vervakning i 15 medlemsstater. o Den har besvarat frgor frn medlemsstaterna och tillhandahllit ett samlat dokument med vanliga frgor om den nya vervakningsmetoden.
The Commission has been searching for solutions to reduce the number of parcels requiring follow-up 32 Nearly nine-tenths of the paying agencies who replied to our survey considered the risk of having too many yellow-flagged parcels to be an important or a very important drawback. 
Kommissionen har frskt hitta lsningar fr att minska antalet skiften som mste fljas upp 32 Nstan nio tiondelar av de utbetalande organ som besvarade vr enkt ansg att risken med alltfr mnga gulflaggade skiften r en stor eller mycket stor nackdel.
If the fully automated part of the system generates a large number of inconclusive parcels from the entire group of claimants, the paying agencyŐs workload may be higher than if it used traditional on-the-spot checks for a small sample of claimants. 
den helt automatiserade delen av systemet genererar ett stort antal skiften som man inte kan dra ngra slutsatser om frn hela gruppen av skande, kan det utbetalande organets arbetsbrda bli strre n om det hade anvnt traditionella kontroller p plats med ett litet urval av skande.
Yellow-flagged parcels under checks by monitoring may need to be followed up (after considering the financial impact thresholds described in paragraph 35) by: (1) visually checking the available images for that parcel; (2) requesting and checking additional information from the farmer; and where these do not allow conclusions to be drawn: (3) inspecting the field. 
Skiften som gulflaggas vid kontroller genom vervakning kan behva fljas upp (efter beaktande av de trskelvrden fr den finansiella effekten som beskrevs i punkt 35) genom att 1. de bilder som finns tillgngliga fr det aktuella skiftet kontrolleras visuellt, 2. ytterligare information begrs in frn jordbrukaren och kontrolleras, och i de fall detta inte leder till att slutsatser kan dras mste 3. markerna inspekteras.
33 Small parcels are frequently assigned yellow flags, mainly due to insufficient Sentinel spatial resolution (insufficient number of pixels falling entirely within the parcel boundaries). 
33 Sm skiften gulflaggas ofta, framfr allt p grund av att rumsupplsningen r otillrcklig i Sentinel (otillrckligt antal pixlar som helt faller inom skiftesgrnserna).
Paying agencies have different definitions of small parcels, from 0.2 ha to 1 ha. 
De utbetalande organen har olika definitioner av sm skiften, frn 0,2 ha till 1 ha.
They can be high in number, and cause a lot of work for the paying agency, even if they usually represent only a small part of the overall agricultural area covered by the paying agency. 
De kan vara mnga till antalet, och skapa mycket arbete fr det utbetalande organet, men vanligtvis utgr de endast en liten del av den totala jordbruksareal som det utbetalande organet tcker.
Table 2 shows the proportion of yellow flagged small parcels out of all parcels for three paying agencies we visited. 
Tabell 2 visar de gulflaggade sm skiftenas andel av det totala antalet skiften vid tre utbetalande organ som vi beskte.
Table 2 Đ Proportion of yellow flagged small parcels (<0.5 ha) out of all parcels for three paying agencies using checks by monitoring 24 Paying agency Proportion of small parcels in terms of number Proportion of small parcels in terms of area Belgium (Flanders) 1.9 % 0.2 % Denmark 5.7 % 0.3 % Spain (Castile and Leon) 1.0 % 0.1 % Source: PayingagenciesinBelgium(Flanders),DenmarkandSpain(CastileandLeon). 
Tabell 2 Đ Andel gulflaggade sm skiften (<0,5 ha) av det totala antalet skiften vid tre utbetalande organ som anvnder kontroller genom vervakning Klla: Utbetalande organ i Belgien (Flandern), Danmark och Spanien (Kastilien-Lon).
25 34 The Commission has proposed the following ways of dealing with small parcels: o Aggregating adjacent small agricultural parcels of the same holding with the same declared land use into a single Ôfeature of interestŐ. 
34 Kommissionen har freslagit att sm skiften ska hanteras p fljande stt: o Angrnsande sm jordbruksskiften som tillhr samma jordbruksfretag och dr den deklarerade markanvndningen r densamma aggregeras i en enda ansprkskomponent (Ófeature of interestÓ).
The Commission allows this option only when aerial photos are taken annually for the whole country. 
Kommissionen tillter detta alternativ endast nr flygfoton tas rligen i hela landet.
Denmark has used this option. o Acquiring very high-resolution satellite data to provide better information on small parcels, to remove the need for a field visit. 
Danmark har anvnt detta alternativ. o Mycket hgupplsta satellitdata skaffas fr att f bttre information om sm skiften och p s vis eliminera behovet av ett fltbesk.
The JRC has recently concluded a contract with a provider of such data to test this approach for 2019. 
JRC slt nyligen ett avtal med en leverantr av sdana data fr att testa detta tillvgagngsstt 2019.
Under this contract, the paying agencies implementing the checks by monitoring in 2019 can obtain time series for small parcels, derived from high-resolution satellite images (4m pixel size). 
Enligt avtalet kan de utbetalande organ som tillmpar kontroller genom vervakning 2019 f tidsserier fr sm skiften utifrn hgupplsta satellitbilder (med en pixelstorlek p 4 meter).
Nevertheless, the data will be available too late to be used effectively by the paying agencies in the follow-up procedure in 2019. 
Datan kommer dock att vara tillgnglig fr sent fr att de utbetalande organen ska kunna anvnda den p ett ndamlsenligt stt i uppfljningsfrfarandet 2019.
35 These options help to reduce the number of yellow-flagged parcels. 
35 Dessa alternativ hjlper till att minska antalet gulflaggade skiften.
For those that remain, the Commission has defined monetary thresholds in its technical guidelines11 and Questions & Answers document, with corresponding follow-up actions. o If the impact on beneficiary payment of all the yellow-flagged parcels is expected to be low (below Ű50 at scheme level) then no follow-up is required. o If the impact is expected to be medium (above Ű50 at scheme level and below Ű250 at beneficiary level), then a 5 % sample of the yellow-flagged parcels should be followed up. o If the impact is expected to be high (above Ű250 at beneficiary level), then follow-up of all such beneficiaries is required. 
Fr de skiften som kvarstr som gulflaggade har kommissionen faststllt trskelbelopp i sina tekniska riktlinjer11 och i ett dokument med frgor och svar med motsvarande uppfljningstgrder. o Om alla de gulflaggade skiftenas inverkan p betalningen till stdmottagaren frvntas vara liten (under 50 euro p systemniv), behvs ingen uppfljning. o Om inverkan frvntas vara medelstor (ver 50 euro p systemniv och under 250 euro p stdmottagarniv), ska ett urval av 5 % av de gulflaggade skiftena fljas upp. o Om inverkan frvntas vara stor (ver 250 euro p stdmottagarniv), ska alla berrda stdmottagare fljas upp.
36 Lower thresholds imply a higher level of assurance, but also lead to more follow-up checks and thus higher cost of controls. 
36 Lgre trsklar innebr hgre skerhet men leder ocks till fler uppfljningskontroller och fljaktligen hgre kontrollkostnader.
37 Some agricultural activities are difficult to monitor with Sentinel satellites, such as extensive grazing on grassland, or crop cultivation in greenhouses, as is the absence of agricultural activity (e.g. land abandonment). 
37 Viss jordbruksverksamhet r svr att vervaka med Sentinelsatelliter, till exempel extensivt bete p grsmark eller odling av grdor i vxthus, och det r ven avsaknad av jordbruksverksamhet (t.ex. nedlagd mark).
In some Member States, this can also lead to large numbers of yellow-flagged parcels. 
I en del medlemsstater kan detta ven leda till ett stort antal gulflaggde skiften.
As possible solutions to detect some of these activities, the Commission allowed the use of geo-tagged photos as additional evidence. 
Som ett mjligt stt att upptcka en del av denna verksamhet har kommissionen tilltit anvndning av geotaggade foton som kompletterande bevis.
The European GNSS Agency has been working during 2019 on the development of a smartphone application for geo-tagged photos. 
Europeiska byrn fr GNSS har under 2019 arbetat med att ta fram en smartphoneapp fr geotaggade foton.
Paying agencies in Denmark and Italy cooperate with private companies to develop dedicated applications. 
Utbetalande organ i Danmark och Italien samarbetar med privata fretag fr att utveckla srskilda appar.
However, the paying agencies we visited did not yet use geo-tagged photos in the 2019 claim year (only for pilot testing in Italy). 
De utbetalande organ som vi beskte anvnde dock nnu inte geotaggade foton fr anskningsret 2019 (endast pilotfrsk i Italien).
The EU-funded cloud-based services were used for testing rather than for operational monitoring 38 Copernicus is the largest space data provider in the world, currently producing 12 terabytes per day. 
De EU-finansierade molnbaserade tjnsterna anvndes p frsk och inte fr operativ vervakning 38 Copernicus r vrldens strsta leverantr av satellitdata och producerar fr nrvarande 12 terabyte per dag.
To facilitate and standardise access to this data, the European Commission has been funding the deployment of five digital cloud-based platforms providing centralised access to Copernicus data and information, as well as to processing tools. 
Fr att underltta och standardisera tillgng till denna data har Europeiska kommissionen finansierat infrandet av fem digitala molnbaserade plattformar som ger centraliserad tillgng till data och information frn Copernicus och till processverktyg.
These platforms are known as the Data and Information Access Services (DIAS). 
Dessa plattformar kallas tjnster fr tillgng till data och information (DIAS).
Four of them offer services relevant to agriculture in 201912. 
Fyra av dem erbjuder tjnster som r relevanta fr jordbruket 201912.
They must meet various technical requirements and provide the Copernicus data free of charge, but they can charge for extra services (such as data processing, data storage, and combining Copernicus data with other datasets)13. 
De mste uppfylla olika tekniska krav och tillhandahlla Copernicusdatan gratis, men de kan ta betalt fr extratjnster (ssom databehandling och datalagring samt sammanstllning av Copernicusdata och andra dataset)13.
39 The DIAS providersŐ services became available during 2018. 
39 DIAS-leverantrernas tjnster blev tillgngliga under 2018.
In autumn 2018, the Commission decided to support the paying agencies implementing the checks by monitoring approach by subsidising their individual access to one of the four DIAS platforms for 2019. 
Hsten 2018 beslutade kommissionen att stdja de utbetalande organ som tillmpar metoden med kontroller genom vervakning genom att subventionera enskild tillgng fr dem till en av de fyra DIAS-plattformarna 2019.