natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
After regenerating, intact complete worms of similar size, which are actively swimming or crawling upon a gentle mechanical stimulus, should be used for the test.
Press.
A lack of reproduction in a bioaccumulation test with L. variegatus should be recorded, and considered when interpreting the test results.
Williams, D. A., (1971).
They can be also found in warm water bodies of the northern hemisphere.
Dunnett, C. W., (1964) New Tables for Multiple Comparisons with a Control.
However, they are more abundant in mud-clay sediments with high organic matter content.
Holm, S. (1979):
Furthermore, the worms are living in the sediment layer.
Jonckheere, A. R. (1954).
Even the posterior end of the worms is usually burrowed.
Terpstra, T. J. (1952).
This species is easily identified from the gill filaments on their posterior part.
Shirley, E. A. (1979).
The adults can reach a length of 9 - 11 cm and a wet weight of 40-50 mg.
Andra upplagan.
The worms have a high rate of reproduction, show population doubling times of less than 2 weeks and under the conditions of temperature and feeding described below (Aston et al., 1982, (65)).
Christensen, E.R. (1984).
B. sowerbyi has been used both in toxicity and bioaccumulation studies (Marchese & Brinkhurst 1996, (31) Roghair et al.
reproduktionstestets varaktighet kan (men behöver inte) vara kortare, dvs. fyra i stället för sex veckor, men det preliminära testets varaktighet bör inte förändras,
1996, (67) respectively).
Schmelz, R. M. och Collado, R. (1999).
No single technique for culturing the test organisms is required.
Parametriska tester
The organisms can be cultured using uncontaminated, natural sediment (31).
log Kow,
Practical experience showed that a medium consisting of natural sediment and sand improves the condition of the worms compared to pure natural sediment (32)(67).
Oien, N. och J. Stenerson (1984).
3 L-beakers containing 1500 ml sediment/water medium, consisting of 375 ml of natural uncontaminated sediment (about 10 % Total Organic Carbon; about 17 % of the particles ≤ 63 μm), 375 ml of clean sand (M32), and 750 ml of reconstituted or dechlorinated tap water can be used for the culture (31)(32)(67).
Esterases of earthworm – III.
Paper towels also can be used as a substrate for culturing, but population growth is lower than in natural sediment.
Development of a test method on sublethal effects of pesticides on the earthworm species Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei – comparison of two ringtests.
In semi-static systems the water layer in the beaker is slowly aerated, and the overlying water should be renewed weekly.
Edwards, C. A. och Bohlen P. J. (1996).
Each beaker contains 25 young worms to start with.
ISO (Internationella standardiseringsorganisationen) (1994).
After two months the large worms are picked out of the sediment with a pair of tweezers and are put in a new beaker with freshly made sediment/water medium.
Markundersökningar – Bestämning av pH, nr 10390.
The old beaker also contains cocoons and young worms.
ISO, Genève.
Up to 400 young worms per beaker can be harvested in this way.
Hund-Rinke, K, Römbke, J., Riepert, F. och Achazi R. (2000).
The cultures should be maintained at a temperature of 21 to 25 °C.
Markundersökningar – Bestämning av torrsubstans och vattenkvot – Gravimetrisk metod, nr 11465.
Variation of temperature should be kept below ± 2 °C.
Römbke J. och Th.
The number of eggs per cocoon ranges from 1,8 to 2,8 (66)(69) or up to 8 (68).
Van Gestel, C. A. M., W. A. van Dis, E. M. van Breemen, P. M. Sparenburg (1988).
Dissolved oxygen, water hardness, temperature, and pH should be measured weekly.
Shelton och Tiedjes (8) mer kompakta och praktiska utrustning i den form som utvecklats av Battersby och Wilson (9) användes senare framgångsrikt av Wilson m.fl.
Fish food (e.g. TetraMin®) can be added as suspension two or three times per week ad libitum.
Injektionsflaskor av glas med en nominell volym på 125 ml och en faktisk volym på cirka 160 ml som är förseglade med ampullpackningar [5] och aluminiumringar rekommenderas, men flaskor med en total volym på mellan 0,1 och 1 liter kan också användas.
Therefore this species may be used for testing bioaccumulation of non-radiolabelled test substances.
Internationella standardiseringsorganisationen (2003) ISO 13641-1 Water Quality – Determination of inhibition of gas production of anaerobic bacteria – Part 1:
Also, the validity criterion related to burrowing behaviour needs to be adjusted for this species.
Swanwick, J. D. och Foulkes, M. (1971).
Part I - IV.
Shelton, D.R. och Tiedje, J. M. (1984).
Chapter C.27 of this Annex, Sediment water Chironomid toxicity test using spliked sediment
Battersby, N. S. och Wilson, V. (1988).
Wat.
Internationella standardiseringsorganisationen (1997) ISO 11923 Water Quality – Determination of suspended solids by filtration through glass-fibre filters.
Res. 23, 1443-1450.
Inokulatets koncentration i testflaskorna (g/l)
Res. 24, 1225-1231.
Om man använder ett nät vars maskor är 500 μm kommer de flesta av sedimentpartiklarna att snabbt passera igenom, men siktningen bör göras snabbt för att undvika att maskar kryper in i eller genom nätet.
Chapter C.4 A-F Determination of ready biodegradability
kemiska identifieringsdata (trivialnamn, kemiskt namn, strukturformel, CAS-nummer osv.) samt renhet och analysmetod för kvantifiering av testkemikalien;
Chapter C.19, Estimation of the adsorption coefficient (Koc ) on soil and on sewage sludge using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
dessutom källan till testkemikalien samt namn på och koncentration av de lösningsmedel som eventuellt använts,
Chapter C.29, Ready biodegradability CO2 in sealed vessels
Europeiska kommissionen (2003).
In Hutzinger, O. (editor), The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Vol.
Hill, I. R., Matthiessen, P. och Heimbach, F. (red.), 1993, Guidance document on Sediment Toxicity Tests and Bioassays for freshwater and Marine Environments, From the SETAC-Europe Workshop On Sediment Toxicity Assessment, 8–10 November 1993, Renesse (NL).
2 Part J (Vol. editor: B. Beek):
Riedhammer, C. och B. Schwarz-Schulz (2001).
Influence of partition coefficient of lipophilic compounds on bioconcentration kinetics with fish.
HÄNVISNING
Res. 22, 701-707.
I samarbete med R. Nagel och B. Karaoglan.
Development of ecotoxicological test systems to assess contaminated sediments.
Baily, H. C. och Liu, D. H. W.
A. Mudroch, J.M.
Chapman, K. K., Benton, M. J., Brinkhurst, R. O. och Scheuerman P. R. (1999).
An upper limit is given by the necessity to achieve a complete separation phase after adjustments of the partitition equilibrium and before samples are taken out for analytical determinations.
Schubauer-Berigan, M. K., Dierkes, J. R., Monson, P. D. och Ankley, G. T. (1993). pH-dependent toxicity of cadmium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc to Ceriodaphnia dubia, Pimephales promelas, Hyalella azteca and Lumbriculus variegatus.
If proper care is taken, the upper limit can be extended to higher values of Pow
Liebig, M., Egeler, Ph., Oehlmann, J. och Knacker, Th.
40).
Dermott, R. och Munawar, M. (1992).
The same procedure should be followed with the reference chemical, to give flasks FR1-3
Egeler, Ph., Römbke, J., Meller, M., Knacker, Th., Franke, C., Studinger, G. och Nagel, R. (1997).
The recommended size is 0,1 litre to 1 litre.
Meller, M., P. Egeler, J. Roembke, H. Schallnass, R. Nagel och B. Streit.
The use of gas-tight silicone septa is recommended.
Egeler, Ph., Römbke, J., Knacker, Th., Franke, C. och Studinger, G. (1999).
It is further recommended that the gas-tightness of caps, especially butyl rubber septa, be tested because several commercially available septa are not sufficiently gas-tight against methane and some septa do not stay tight when they are pierced with a needle under the conditions of the test.Gas tight coated septa are recommended and must be used for volatile chemicals (some commercial septa are relatively thin, less than 0,5 cm, and do not stay gas tight after piercing with syringe needle);Butyl rubber septa (about 1 cm) are recommended, if the test substances are not volatile (these normally stay gas tight after piercing.)Prior to the test it is recommended that the septa are carefully examined for their ability to stay gas tight after piercing.
Naylor, C. och C. Rodrigues.
The meter should be used and calibrated at regular intervals, according to the manufacturer's instructions.
OECD (2006).
If other measurement devices are used (without certified calibration by the manufacturer), conversion is recommended over the total range at regular intervals (Appendix 2).
Lös upp 11,76 g CaCl2 · 2H2O i avjonat vatten och späd till 1 liter med avjonat vatten
It is recommended to set bubblers at levels that do not create undue stress on the tadpoles.
Lös upp 0,23 g KCl i avjonat vatten och späd till 1 liter med avjonat vatten
At 20 °C under standard atmospheric pressure the ASV in freshwater equals 9,1 mg/l (60 % equals 5,46 mg/l)
Development – Ecotoxicology
Mercury (II) chloride (HgCl2) is a very toxic substance which should be handled with suitable precautions.
I- 20047 Brugherio MI
Aqueous wastes containing this chemical should be disposed of appropriately;
Reproduktionskapaciteten hos de kvalster som exponeras för testkemikalien jämförs med reproduktionskapaciteten i kontrollerna för att bestämma ECx-värden (t.ex.
Digested sludge is a mixture of the settled phases of sewage and activated sludge, which have been incubated in an anaerobic digester at about 35 °C to reduce biomass and odour problems and to improve the dewater-ability of the sludge.
Vehikeln sprejas på eller blandas ner i en liten mängd, till exempel 10 g, fin kvartssand.
The accuracy of the calibration can be checked at the laboratory with a one-point measurement at 1 × 105 Pa against a pressure-meter with a mechanical display.
Dunnetts t-test) eller step-down-grundade trendtester (t.ex.
If other measurement devices are used (without certified calibration by the manufacturer), calibration is recommended over the total range at regular intervals.
Williams test) kan användas för att beräkna om det finns betydande skillnader (p ≤ 0,05) mellan kontrollerna och de olika testämneskoncentrationerna (välj rekommenderat test i enlighet med OECD:s dokument 54, Current Approaches in the Statistical Analysis of Ecotoxicity Data: a Guidance to Application).
This should be re-evaluated if adsorptive and insoluble reference chemicals are included.
Bakker, F. M., Feije, R., Grove, A. J., Hoogendorn, G., Jacobs, G., Loose, E. D. och van Stratum, P. (2003).
Column leaching studies with crop protection products may provide mobility information on a test chemical and its transformation products and may supplement batch sorption studies.
JSS – Journal of Soils and Sediments 3, 73–77.
The amount to be applied to cylindrical soil columns can be calculated by the following formula:M μgA kgha109μgkgd2cm2π108cm2ha4where:M amount applied per column [μg]A rate of application [kg · ha– 1]d diameter of soil column [cm]π 3,14
Laboratory studies on the population development of Hypoaspis aculeifer (Acari: Parasitiformes).
§ The respective variables should preferably show values within the range given.
2, 487–492
If, however, difficulties in finding appropriate soil material occur, values below the indicated minimum are accepted.
Ruf, A. (1996).
‡ Soils with less than 0,3 % organic carbon may disturb correlation between organic content and adsorption.
Soil Toxicity Tests – Invertebrates.
Thus, it is recommended to use soils with a minimum organic carbon content of 0,3 %.
Schlosser, H.-J. och Riepert, F. (1991/92).
This simulates an extremely high rainfall.
Heckmann, L.-H., Maraldo, K. och Krogh, P. H. (2005).
The average yearly rainfall, for example, in Central Europe is of the order of 800-1000 mm.
Chi, H. (1981).
The original proposal for this test method was based on an article by C.V. Eadsforth and P. Moser (1).
Den maximala äggläggningstakten uppnås mellan 10 och 40 dagar efter att honorna nått adult stadium och uppgår till 2,2 ägg per hona och dygn.
area %
Mer än en kultur bör hållas innan testet påbörjas.
total peak area %
Uppfödning av Tyrophagus putrescentiae:
area %i
Kvalstren hålls i ett glaskärl fyllt med finmalt bryggerijästpulver.
104-54-1 Cinnamyl alcohol
Kärlet bör placeras i en plastspann fylld med KNO3-lösning för att undvika att kvalstren tar sig ut.
B. McDuffie (1981).
Exemplar som används i testet bör ha ungefär samma ålder (ca 7 dagar efter att det adulta stadiet inletts).
OECD (2000).
Därför föreslås följande förfarande (24) (25):
Guideline for Testing of Chemicals — Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water):
Utrustning:
E. A. Vik, S. Bakke and K. Bansal.
Uppvärmning:
J.E.
Temperaturen bör mätas i substratet.
C. Hansch and A. J. Leo.
Fil. dr.
C. Hansch, chairman;
F. Faraji (MITOX), 23 januari 2007
R. F. Rekker, H. M. de Kort.
Brittiska jordbruks-, fiskeri- och livsmedelsdepartementet, Technical Bulletin 9:
interaction terms
Owens, J. W. (2007).
Pomona College, Medicinal Chemistry Project, Claremont, California 91711, USA, Log P Database and Med.
Opublicerad rapport av den 15 december 2007.
C. Hansch and A.J.
US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Leo, C. Hansch and D. Elkins.
104 s.
Toshio Fujita, Junkichi Iwasa & Corwin Hansch (1964).
OECD (2008).
R.F.
Report of the Validation Peer Review for the 21-Day Fish Endocrine Screening Assay and Agreement of the Working Group of the National Coordinators of the Test Guidelines Programme on the Follow-up of this Report.
R.A.
OECD Environmental Health and Safety Publications Series on Testing and Assessment No.94, ENV/JM/MONO(2008)21.
ACS — Symposium Series 255, p.
Aquatic Toxicology, 68:3, 277–91.
225, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.
Aquatic Toxicology, 76:3–4, 343–52.
Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata:
Toxicological Sciences, 67:1, 121–30.
(A zero algal concentration in one out of two or three replicate vessels may indicate the vessel was not inoculated correctly, or was improperly cleaned).
Aquatic Toxicology, 70:1, 11–21.
State reasons for rejection of a data point as an outlier clearly in the test report.
Pharmacology, toxicology and endocrinology, 123:2, 113–25.
Depending on the intended usage of data; the quality (precision) and amount of data as well as the availability of data analysis tools, it may be decided (and sometimes well justified) to stop the data analysis at this stage and simply read the key figures EC50 and EC10 (and/or EC20) from the eye fitted curve (see also section below on stimulatory effects).
Jpn J Environ Toxicol 4, 87–98.
International Organisation for Standardisation (1993).
Journal of Health Science 50, 301–308.
ISO 8692 Water quality — Algal growth inhibition test.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 23:3, 774–81.
International Organisation for Standardisation (1998).
Paris.
Water quality — Guidelines for algal growth inhibition tests with poorly soluble materials, volatile compounds, metals and waster water.
Screening and testing for endocrine disruption in fish-biomarkers as ’signposts,’ not ’traffic lights,’ in risk assessment.
ISO 5667-16 Water quality — Sampling — Part 16:
Environmental Health Perspectives 114 Suppl 1,106–14.
Slovacey, R.E. and Hanna, P.J.
47, 129–145.
919-925
Characterization of reproductive toxicity of vinclozolin in the fathead minnow and co-treatment with an androgen to confirm an anti-androgenic mode of action.
Simpson, S.L., Roland, M.G.E., Stauber, J.L. and Batley, G.E.
27, 478–488.
Christensen, E.R., Nyholm, N. (1984).
OECD environmental Health and Safety Publications Series on Testing and Assessment nr 54.
Nyholm, N. Sørensen, P.S., Kusk, K.O. and Christensen, E.R.
OECD (2012) OECD Conceptual Framework for Testing and Assessment of Endocrine Disrupters (reviderad).
Bruce, R.D.,and Versteeg, D.J.
Series on Testing and Assessment nr 150.
Dunnett, C.W.
Japansk risfisk
1096-1121
25 ± 2 °C
Norberg-King T.J.
26 ± 2 °C
Williams, D.A.
Testorganismernas ålder
Draper, N.R. and Smith, H. (1981).
Ungefärlig färskvikt för en vuxen fisk (g)
Brain, P. and Cousens, R. (1989).
21 dagar
American Type Culture Collection
Aquatic Toxicology 81, 90–98.
CCAP, Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa
Environ Toxicol Chem 20, 1276–1290.
Collection of Algal Cultures
Environ Toxicol Chem 22, 1350–1360.
University of Göttingen
Environ Sci Technol 34, 3003–3011.
Nikolausberger Weg 18
Comp Biochem Physiol C 128, 127–141.
GERMANY
J Fish Biol 59, 515–523.
UTEX Culture Collection of Algae
Aquat Toxicol 47, 129–145.
Section of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
Can J Zool 52, 1031–1038.
40-50 [1]
5–7
30-40 [1]
8–10
1,2-1,5
11–14
2,0-2,4
fysikalisk-kemiska egenskaper, information om stabilitet och biologisk nedbrytbarhet,
79,880 mg.
Mätningar av våtvikt och längd från nos till kloak kan således inte användas på lämpligt sätt i de statistiska analyserna av skillnader i tillväxttakt.
0,714 mg.
Våtvikt och längddata från organismer > stadium 60 enligt Nieuwkoop och Faber bör därför strykas och kan inte användas vid analyser av replikatmedelvärden eller replikatmedianvärden.
0,006 mg.
Phase 1 – Optimisation of the Test Protocol.
Test mixtures (FT as in Table 1) containing water, synthetic sewage feed and the test chemical should be prepared to obtain different nominal concentrations of the test chemical (See Table 1 for example of volumes of constituents).
Chemosphere 39, s. 539–551.
The pH should be adjusted to 7,5 ± 0,5, if necessary;
Nieuwkoop, P. D. och Faber, J. (1994) Normal Table of Xenopus laevis.
is the rate of oxygen uptake due to nitrification (mg/lh);
Physiology of Amphibia.
and, if possible, 95 per cent confidence limits, possibly EC20, EC80; possibly NOEC and the used statistical methods, if the EC50 cannot be determined;
Hutchinson, T. H., Shillabeer, N., Winter, M. J., Pickford, D. B. (2006) Acute and chronic effects of carrier solvents in aquatic organisms:
Brown, D., Hitz, H.R. and Schäfer, L. (1981).
Längd från nos till kloak (mm)
Fiebig S. and Noack, U. (2004).
287–388
The use of copper(II)sulphate pentahydrate as reference substance in the activated sludge respiration inhibition test — acc. to the OECD guideline 209.
Petersen, H. (1994) A review of collembolan ecology in ecosystem context.
ISO (1995).
111–118
EyCx (frond number); and EyCx (total frond area, dry weight, or fresh weight).
(ISBN 0-19-854084-1)
US EPA — United States Environmental Protection Agency.
(Collembola, Isotomidae) auf Pythium ultimum Trow. einen Erreger des Wurzelbrandes der Zuckerrübe.
AFNOR — Association Française de Normalisation.
I New Trends in Soil Biology (Lebrun, Ph., André, H. M., De Medts, A., Grégoire-Wibo, Wauthy, G. (red.).
SSI — Swedish Standards Institute.
Proceedings of the VI. international colloquium on soil zoology, Louvain-la-neuve (Belgium), 30 August–2 September 1982, Dieu-Brichart, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, s.
Water quality — Determination of growth inhibition (7-d) Lemna minor, duckweed.
261–268
Environment Canada.
OECD series on testing and assessment, nr 54, ENV/JM/MONO(2006)18, OECD Paris
Sims I., Whitehouse P. and Lacey R. (1999) The OECD Lemna Growth Inhibition Test.
Scott-Fordsmand, J. J. och Krogh, P. H. (2005) Background report on prevalidation of an OECD springtail test guideline.
WRc plc — Environment Agency.
Miljöprojekt nr 986.
International Organisation for Standardisation.
Miljøstyrelsen.
Water Quality — Determination of the Toxic Effect of Water Constituents and Waste Water to Duckweed (Lemna minor) — Duckweed Growth Inhibition Test.
61 s.
Environmental Research Laboratory — Duluth, Minnesota 55804
Krogh, P. H. (2009).
Lockhart W.
Krogh, P. H., Johansen, K. och Holmstrup, M. (1998) Automatic counting of collembolans for laboratory experiments.
Hydrobiologia, 118/119, 353 — 359.
7, 201–205
Huebert, D.B. and Shay J.M.
Fjellberg, A. (1980) Identification keys to Norwegian Collembola.
Bruce R.D. and Versteeg D.J.
Goto, H. E. (1960) Simple techniques for the rearing of Collembola and a note on the use of a fungistatic substance in the cultures.
OECD.
Entomologists' Monthly Magazine 96:138–140.
Brain P. and Cousens R. (1989).
Extraktionen inleds vid 25 °C, temperaturen ökas automatiskt varje tolvtimmarsperiod med 5 °C, och extraktionen varar sammanlagt 48 timmar.
Sources of Lemna species
Efter tolv timmar vid 40 °C avslutas extraktionen.
Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3 B2
den genomsnittliga könsfördelningen för fullständigt kläckta levande vuxna djur (som en andel honor eller hanar) i kontrollbehandlingen för båda generationerna bör vara minst 0,4 men högst 0,6,
United States
för varje odlingsbehållare bör antalet äggband i kontrollerna för den första generationen vara minst 0,6 per hona som har placerats i odlingsbehållaren,
SWEDEN
andelen fertila äggband i varje kontrollodlingsbehållare för den första generationen bör vara minst 0,6,
Germany
i slutet av exponeringsperioden för båda generationerna bör pH-värdet och halten löst syre mätas i varje kärl.
Hillman, W.S.
a.
Landolt, E. (1986).
4–5 % (torrvikt) vitmosstorv (Sphagnum), så nära pH 5,5–6,0 som möjligt.
Björndahl, G. (1982).
Solubiliseringsmedlets koncentration i det slutliga testmediet bör vara minimal (t.ex. ≤ 0,1 ml/l) och bör vara samma för alla testkärl.
Wang, W.
Om ett solubiliseringsmedel används bör det inte ha någon betydande effekt på överlevnaden enligt vad som framkommer vid en lösningsmedelskontroll jämfört med en negativ (vatten-)kontroll.
Environmental Research, 52:7-22.
Man bör dock så långt som möjligt undvika att använda sådana ämnen.
The material is then shaken vigorously in clean water, followed by immersion in a 0,5 % (v/v) sodium hypochlorite solution for between 30 seconds and 5 minutes.
Centrifugering t.ex. vid 10000 g vid 4 °C i 30 minuter är det rekommenderade förfarandet för att isolera porvattnet.
The plant material is then rinsed with sterile water and transferred, as a number of batches, into culture vessels containing fresh growth medium.
Om testämnet bevisligen inte adsorberas på filter kan även filtrering godtas.
(mg/ߦl)
det överliggande vattnets och porvattnets volym, det våta sedimentets vikt med och utan porvatten för testkärlen och kristalliseringsskålarna,
The pH is adjusted to 6,5 ± 0,2 with either 0,1 or 1 mol HCl or NaOH, and the volume adjusted to one litre with deionised water.
Shobanov, N. A., Kiknadze, I. I. och M. G. Butler (1999), Palearctic and Nearctic Chironomus (Camptochironomus) tentans Fabricius are different species (Diptera: Chironomidae).
Under these conditions the stock solutions will have a shelf life of at least 6 - 8 weeks.
ASTM International (2009), E 1706-05E01:
The 20 ml of each nutrient stock solution is added to approximately 850 ml deionised water to produce the growth medium.
US-EPA (2000), Methods for Measuring the Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of Sediment-associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates, andra upplagan, EPA 600/R-99/064, mars 2000, omarbetning av den första upplagan daterad juni 1994.
The pH is adjusted to 7,5 ± 0,1 with either 0,1 or 1 mol HCl or NaOH, and the volume adjusted to one litre with deionised water.
Norberg-King, T. J., Sibley, P. K., Burton, G. A., Ingersoll, C. G., Kemble, N. E., Ireland, S., Mount, D. R. och C. D. Rowland (2006), Interlaboratory evaluation of Hyalella azteca and Chironomus tentans short-term and long-term sediment toxicity tests, Environ.
Growth medium intended for testing should be prepared 1-2 days before use to allow the pH to stabilise.
2662–2674.
(I. Sims, P. Whitehouse and R. Lacey.
221–230.
(1999) The OECD Lemna Growth Inhibition Test.
J. Sanit.
Na;N
Toxicol., 49.
190;84
353–361.
For crop protection products, the physical/chemical properties and use pattern of the test chemical, its maximum concentration or application rate, the number of applications per season and/or the persistence of the test chemical need to be considered.
Williams, D. A. (1971), A test for differences between treatment means when several dose levels are compared with a zero dose control.
The number and spacing of the concentrations or rates should be sufficient to generate a reliable dose-response relationship and regression equation and give an estimate of the ECx. or ERx.
Biometrics, 27.
The selected concentrations/rates should encompass the ECx or ERx values that are to be determined.
103–117.