natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The best interests of the child must always be a primary consideration in the context of detention of minors and families, Member States are encouraged to involve child protection bodies in all matters related to detention and, where there are grounds for detention, everything possible must be done to ensure that a viable range of effective alternatives to detention for minors (both unaccompanied and with their families) is available and accessible.
23), samt av rådets beslut 2009/316/RIF av den 6 april 2009 om inrättande av det europeiska informationssystemet för utbyte av uppgifter ur kriminalregister (Ecris) i enlighet med artikel 11 i rambeslut 2009/315/RIF (EUT L 93, 7.4.2009, s.33).
The UNHCR [80] and the FRA [81] provide some examples of good practices on alternatives to detention for unaccompanied minors and families with children.The Commission recommends that national legislation should not preclude the possibility to place minors in detention, where this is strictly necessary to ensure the execution of a final return decision, and insofar as less coercive measures cannot be applied effectively in the individual case.
Den 19 januari 2016 lade kommissionen fram förslaget COM(2016) 7 final för att underlätta utbytet av uppgifter ur kriminalregister om personer i EU som inte är EU-medborgare.
The text of Article 17 of the Return Directive corresponds closely to the text of the CoE Guideline 11 ‘Children and families’.
Europaparlamentets och rådets direktiv 2013/33/EU av den 26 juni 2013 om normer för mottagande av personer som ansöker om internationellt skydd (EUT L 180, 29.6.2013, s.
Further concrete guidance can be found in the commentary to this Guideline:
96).
CoE Guideline 11 — Children and families
Europaparlamentets och rådets direktiv 2011/95/EU av den 13 december 2011 om normer för när tredjelandsmedborgare eller statslösa personer ska anses berättigade till internationellt skydd, för en enhetlig status för flyktingar eller personer som uppfyller kraven för att betecknas som subsidiärt skyddsbehövande, och för innehållet i det beviljade skyddet (EUT L 337, 20.12.2011, s.
Commentary
9).
Paragraphs 1, 3 and 5 of this Guideline are inspired from the relevant provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly Resolution 44/25 of 20 November 1989 and ratified by all the Member States of the Council of Europe.
Till skillnad från EU-medlemsstaterna är Schweiz, Norge, Island och Liechtenstein inte bundna av EU-direktiv på grundval av artikel 288 i EUF-fördraget utan blir det först när de har godtagit direktiven och i enlighet med allmänna folkrättsliga principer.
With respect to paragraph 2, it could be recalled that the right to respect for family life granted under Article 8 ECHR also applies in the context of detention.
Därmed är Schweiz, Norge, Island och Liechtenstein till skillnad från EU-medlemsstaterna inte bundna av domstolens rättspraxis när det gäller införlivande av direktiv i nationell lagstiftning och har frihet att välja metoder för införlivande av den skyldighet som anges i återvändandedirektivet (till exempel genom en direkt hänvisning till direktivets text) i enlighet med sina internationella skyldigheter.
Concerning the deprivation of liberty of children, Article 37 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child provides in particular that ‘arrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time’ (Article.
Domstolens dom av den 19 september 2013, C-297/12, Filev och Osmani, ECLI:EU:C:2013:569.
37(b).
Efter kodifieringen av kodexen om Schengengränserna 2016, ska hänvisning till artikel 13 i kodexen läsas som hänvisning till artikel 14 i förordning (EU) 2016/399.
According to Article 20(1) of this Convention, ‘A child temporarily or permanently deprived of his or her family environment, or in whose own best interests cannot be allowed to remain in that environment, shall be entitled to special protection and assistance provided by the State’.
Europarådet, Europeiska utlämningskonventionen, 1957.
Inspiration was also found in para.
Domstolens dom av den 28 april 2011, C-61/11 PPU, El Dridi, ECLI:EU:C:2011:268.
38 of the United Nations Rules for the protection of juveniles deprived of their liberty, adopted by General Assembly Resolution 45/113 of 14 December 1990, which apply to any deprivation of liberty, understood as ‘any form of detention or imprisonment or the placement of a person in a public or private custodial setting, from which this person is not permitted to leave at will, by order of any judicial, administrative or other public authority’ (para.
Domstolens dom av den 23 april 2015, C-38/14, Zaizoune, ECLI:EU:C:2015:260.
11, b).
Förenta nationerna, konventionen angående flyktingars rättsliga ställning, 1951.
According to para.
Artikel 31.1 i konventionen angående flyktingars rättsliga ställning: ”1.
38: ‘Every juvenile of compulsory school age has the right to education suited to his or her needs and abilities and designed to prepare him or her for return to society.
Fördragsslutande stat skall icke för olovlig inresa eller olovligt uppehåll bestraffa flykting, som anlänt direkt från område varest hans liv eller frihet var i fara på sätt i artikel 1 avses och som utan tillstånd inrest eller uppehåller sig inom den fördragsslutande statens område, under förutsättning att flyktingen utan dröjsmål anmäler sig hos myndigheterna och visar godtagbara skäl för sin olovliga inresa eller sitt olovliga uppehåll.”
Such education should be provided outside the detention facility in community schools wherever possible and, in any case, by qualified teachers through programmes integrated with the education system of the country so that, after release, juveniles may continue their education without difficulty.
Domstolens dom av den 1 oktober 2015, Skerdjan Celaj, C-290/14, ECLI:EU:C:2015:640.
Special attention should be given by the administration of the detention facilities to the education of juveniles of foreign origin or with particular cultural or ethnic needs.
Europaparlamentets och rådets direktiv 2009/52/EG av den 18 juni 2009 om minimistandarder för sanktioner och åtgärder mot arbetsgivare för tredjelandsmedborgare som vistas olagligt (EUT L 168, 30.6.2009, s.
Juveniles who are illiterate or have cognitive or learning difficulties should have the right to special education’.
24).
The last paragraph reflects the guiding principle of the Convention on the rights of the child whose Article 3(1) states that ‘In all actions concerning children, whether undertaken by public or private social welfare institutions, courts of law, administrative authorities or legislative bodies, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration’.
Danmark, Schweiz, Norge, Island och Liechtenstein är inte bundna av detta direktiv.
As a matter of course, this also applies to decisions concerning the holding of children facing removaI from the territory.
Rådets direktiv 2004/81/EG av den 29 april 2004 om uppehållstillstånd till tredjelandsmedborgare som har fallit offer för människohandel eller som har fått hjälp till olaglig invandring och vilka samarbetar med de behöriga myndigheterna (EUT L 261, 6.8.2004, s. 19).
As regards detention of minors, the CPT standards provide for the following rules which should be respected by Member States whenever they apply — exceptionally and as a measure of last resort — detention:
Rådets direktiv 2001/40/EG av den 28 maj 2001 om ömsesidigt erkännande av beslut om avvisning eller utvisning av medborgare i tredje land (EGT L 149, 2.6.2001, s.
CPT standards related to detention of minors — extracts
34).
The CPT considers that every effort should be made to avoid resorting to the deprivation of liberty of an irregular migrant who is a minor.
Europaparlamentets och rådets förordning (EU) nr 604/2013 av den 26 juni 2013 om kriterier och mekanismer för att avgöra vilken medlemsstat som är ansvarig för att pröva en ansökan om internationellt skydd som en tredjelandsmedborgare eller en statslös person har lämnat in i någon medlemsstat (EUT L 180, 29.6.2013, s.
Following the principle of the ‘best interests of the child’, as formulated in Article 3 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, detention of children, including unaccompanied and separated children, is rarely justified and, in the Committee's view, can certainly not be motivated solely by the absence of residence status.
31).
When, exceptionally, a child is detained, the deprivation of liberty should be for the shortest possible period of time; all efforts should be made to allow the immediate release of unaccompanied or separated children from a detention facility and their placement in more appropriate care.
De exempel som ges är förenklade för att underlätta förståelsen.
Further, owing to the vulnerable nature of a child, additional safeguards should apply whenever a child is detained, particularly in those cases where the children are separated from their parents or other carers, or are unaccompanied, without parents, carers or relatives.
I praktiken måste varje fall utvärderas på grundval av enskilda omständigheter.
As soon as possible after the presence of a child becomes known to the authorities, a professionally qualified person should conduct an initial interview, in a language the child understands.
Konvention om tillämpning av Schengenavtalet av den 14 juni 1985 mellan regeringarna i Beneluxstaterna, Förbundsrepubliken Tyskland och Franska republiken om gradvis avskaffande av kontroller vid de gemensamma gränserna (EGT L 239, 22.9.2000, s.
An assessment should be made of the child's particular vulnerabilities, including from the standpoints of age, health, psychosocial factors and other protection needs, including those deriving from violence, trafficking or trauma.
19).
Unaccompanied or separated children deprived of their liberty should be provided with prompt and free access to legal and other appropriate assistance, including the assignment of a guardian or legal representative.
Kommissionens rekommendation K(2006) 5186 av den 6 november 2006 och senare uppdateringar om en gemensam ”Praktisk handledning för gränsbevakningspersonal” (Schengenhandboken) som medlemsstaternas behöriga myndigheter ska använda när de utför personkontroller vid gränserna.
Review mechanisms should also be introduced to monitor the ongoing quality of the guardianship.
Lydelsen är en bred bestämmelse som ”täcker in allt” och som även omfattar de fall som uttryckligen utesluts från definitionen av ”uppehållstillstånd” enligt artikel 2.16 b i och ii i kodexen om Schengengränserna.
Steps should be taken to ensure a regular presence of, and individual contact with, a social worker and a psychologist in establishments holding children in detention.
Kommissionens beslut K(2010) 1620 av den 19 mars 2010 om införande av en handledning för handläggning av viseringsansökningar och ändring av utfärdade viseringar och senare ändringar.
Mixed-gender staffing is another safeguard against ill-treatment; the presence of both male and female staff can have a beneficial effect in terms of the custodial ethos and foster a degree of normality in a place of detention.
Domstolens dom av den 15 februari 2016, J.N., C-601/15 PPU, ECLI:EU:C:2016:84.
Children deprived of their liberty should also be offered a range of constructive activities (with particular emphasis on enabling a child to continue his or her education).
Europaparlamentets och rådets direktiv 2014/66/EU av den 15 maj 2014 om villkor för inresa och vistelse för tredjelandsmedborgare inom ramen för företagsintern förflyttning av personal (EUT L 157, 27.5.2014, s. 1).
In order to limit the risk of exploitation, special arrangements should be made for living quarters that are suitable for children, for example, by separating them from adults, unless it is considered in the child's best interests not to do so.
Rådets direktiv 2003/109/EG av den 25 november 2003 om varaktigt bosatta tredjelandsmedborgares ställning (EUT L 16, 23.1.2004, s. 44).
This would, for instance, be the case when children are in the company of their parents or other close relatives.
Europaparlamentets och rådets direktiv 2011/51/EU av den 11 maj 2011 om ändring av rådets direktiv 2003/109/EG i syfte att utöka dess räckvidd till att omfatta även personer som beviljats internationellt skydd (EUT L 132, 19.5.2011, s.
In that case, every effort should be made to avoid splitting up the family.
1).
Effective complaints and inspection procedures are basic safeguards against ill-treatment in all places of detention, including detention centres for juveniles.
Rådets direktiv 2009/50/EG av den 25 maj 2009 om villkor för tredjelandsmedborgares inresa och vistelse för högkvalificerad anställning (EUT L 155, 18.6.2009, s. 17).
Juveniles (as well as their parents or legal representatives) should have avenues of complaint open to them within the establishments' administrative system and should be entitled to address complaints — on a confidential basis — to an independent authority.
Rådets dokument 8829/16.
Complaints procedures should be simple, effective and child-friendly, particularly regarding the language used.
Rådets dokument 9979/16.
Juveniles (as well as their parents or legal representatives) should be entitled to seek legal advice about complaints and to benefit from free legal assistance when the interests of justice so require.
Domstolens dom av den 11 juni 2015, Zh. och O., C-554/13, ECLI:EU:C:2015:377.
The CPT also attaches particular importance to regular visits to all detention centres for juveniles by an independent body, such as a visiting committee, a judge, the children's Ombudsman or the National Preventive Mechanism (established under the Optional Protocol to the United Nations Convention against Torture — OPCAT) with authority to receive — and, if necessary, take action on — juveniles' complaints or complaints brought by their parents or legal representatives, to inspect the accommodation and facilities and to assess whether these establishments are operating in accordance with the requirements of national law and relevant international standards.
Rådets beslut 2004/191/EG av den 23 februari 2004 om fastställande av kriterier och närmare föreskrifter för ersättning för finansiella obalanser som uppstår till följd av tillämpningen av direktiv 2001/40/EG om ömsesidigt erkännande av beslut om avvisning eller utvisning av medborgare i tredje land (EUT L 60, 27.2.2004, s.
Members of the inspection body should be proactive and enter into direct contact with juveniles, including by interviewing inmates in private.
55).
Legal basis: Return Directive — Article 18
Rådets direktiv 2003/110/EG av den 25 november 2003 om bistånd vid transitering i samband med återsändande med flyg (EUT L 321, 6.12.2003, s.
In situations where an exceptionally large number of third-country nationals to be returned places an unforeseen heavy burden on the capacity of the detention facilities of a Member State or on its administrative or judicial staff, such a Member State may, as long as the exceptional situation persists, decide to allow for periods for judicial review longer than those provided for under the third subparagraph of Article 15(2) and to take urgent measures in respect of the conditions of detention derogating from those set out in Articles 16(1) and 17(2).
26).
When resorting to such exceptional measures, the Member State concerned shall inform the Commission.
Anmärkning: denna tolkning innebär inte att icke-ledsagat återsändande (dvs. avlägsnande) är synonymt med frivillig avresa.
It shall also inform the Commission as soon as the reasons for applying these exceptional measures have ceased to exist.
Begreppet icke-ledsagat återsändande kan även täcka fall av ofrivilligt återvändande (avlägsnande) utan poliseskort.
Nothing in this Article shall be interpreted as allowing Member States to derogate from their general obligation to take all appropriate measures, whether general or particular, to ensure fulfilment of their obligations under this Directive.
Europaparlamentets och rådets förordning (EU) 2016/1953 av den 26 oktober 2016 om inrättandet av en europeisk resehandling för återvändande av tredjelandsmedborgare som vistas olagligt i medlemsstaterna och om upphävande av rådets rekommendation av den 30 november 1994 (EUT L 311, 17.11.2016, s.
Scope of possible derogations limited to three provisions: Article 18 provides for a possibility for Member States not to apply three detention-related provisions of the Directive — (i) the obligation to provide for a speedy initial judicial review of detention; (ii) the obligation to detain only in specialised facilities; and (iii) the obligation to provide separate accommodation guaranteeing adequate privacy to families — in emergency situations involving the sudden arrival of large numbers of irregular migrants.
13).
Derogations to other rules contained in the Return Directive are not possible.
Europaparlamentets och rådets direktiv 2013/32/EU av den 26 juni 2013 om gemensamma förfaranden för att bevilja och återkalla internationellt skydd (EUT L 180, 29.6.2013, s.
Transposition into national law is a precondition for a possible application of the emergency clause: Article 18 describes and limits the situations covered, as well as the scope of possible derogations and information obligations to the Commission.
60).
If a Member State wishes to have the option to apply this safeguard clause in case of emergency situations, it must have properly transposed it beforehand [82] — as a possibility and in line with the criteria of Article 18 — into its national legislation.
Rådets beslut 2004/573/EG av den 29 april 2004 om organisation av gemensamma flygningar för återsändande från två eller flera medlemsstaters territorium av tredjelandsmedborgare vilka omfattas av enskilda beslut om återsändande (EUT L 261, 6.8.2004, s.
NB: contrary to safeguard clauses contained in regulations (for example those in the SBC related to the reintroduction of internal border control), safeguard clauses in Directives must be transposed into national law before they can be used.
28).
Member States must inform the Commission when resorting to these measures and when these cease to apply.
Europaparlamentets och rådets förordning (EU) 2016/1624 av den 14 september 2016 om en europeisk gräns- och kustbevakning och om ändring av Europaparlamentets och rådets förordning (EU) 2016/399 och upphävande av Europaparlamentets och rådets förordning (EG) nr 863/2007, rådets förordning (EG) nr 2007/2004 och rådets beslut 2005/267/EG (EUT L 251, 16.9.2016, s.
Such information should be transmitted by means of the usual official channels, i.e. via the Permanent Representation to the Secretariat-General of the European Commission.
1).
Direct effect of the Return Directive in case of insufficient or belated transposition: according to the doctrine developed by the ECJ, provisions of a directive which confer rights on individuals and which are sufficiently clear and unconditional become directly applicable as of the end of the time-limit for the implementation of the Directive.
FN:s konvention om barnets rättigheter, 1989.
Many of the provisions of the Return Directive fulfil these requirements and have to be directly applied by national administrative and judicial authorities in those cases in which Member States have not transposed (or insufficiently transposed) certain provisions of the Directive.
UNHCR-UNICEF, Safe and Sound, 2014 finns på: http://www.refworld.org/docid/5423da264.html
This applies in particular to the provisions related to:
Förenta nationerna, Allmän kommentar nr 14 om barnets rätt att få sitt bästa satt i främsta rummet (artikel 3.1), 2013, finns på http://www2.ohchr.org/English/bodies/crc/docs/GC/CRC_C_GC_14_ENG.pdf
respect for the principle of non-refoulement (Articles 5 and 9 of the Return Directive),
UNHCR, Field Handbook for the Implementation of UNHCR BID Guidelines, 2011, finns på: http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4e4a57d02.pdf
the requirement that persons to be returned should normally be provided with an appropriate period for voluntary departure of between seven and thirty days (Article 7 of the Return Directive),
Europarådet, Twenty Guidelines on Forced Return, 2005.
limitations on the use of coercive measures in connection with forced returns (Article 8 of the Return Directive),
Europeiska stödkontoret för asylfrågor, Age assessment practice in Europe, 2014, finns på https://www.easo.europa.eu/sites/default/files/public/EASO-Age-assessment-practice-in-Europe.pdf.
right of unaccompanied minors who are subject of return procedures to receive assistance by appropriate bodies other than the authorities enforcing return and the obligation on Member States to make sure that unaccompanied minors are only returned to a member of their family, a nominated guardian or adequate reception facilities in the State of return (Article 10 of the Return Directive),
Ett nytt vägledningsdokument utarbetas.
limitations on the length of entry bans and need for individualised case by case examination (Article 11 of the Return Directive) — expressly confirmed by the judgment of the ECJ in Case C-297/12, Filev and Osmani (paragraph 55),
Förenta nationerna, Guidelines for the alternative care of children, 2010, finns på: http://www.refworld.org/docid/4c3acd162.html
procedural safeguards, including the right to a written, reasoned return decision, as well as the right to an effective remedy and to legal and linguistic assistance (Articles 12 and 13 of the Return Directive),
Europaparlamentets och rådets förordning (EG) nr 1987/2006 av den 20 december 2006 om inrättande, drift och användning av andra generationen av Schengens informationssystem (SIS II) (EUT L 381, 28.12.2006, s.
limitations on the use of detention and maximum time limits for detention (Article 15 of the Return Directive) and right to human and dignified detention conditions (Article 16 of the Return Directive) — expressly confirmed by the judgment of the ECJ in Case C-61/11, El Dridi (paragraphs 46 and 47),
4).
limitations and special safeguards relating to the detention of minors and families (Article 17 of the Return Directive).
KOM(2009) 313 slutlig.
Preliminary references to the ECJ: Article 267 TFEU gives the ECJ jurisdiction to give preliminary rulings concerning the interpretation and validity of the Return Directive.
Domstolens dom av den 17 november 2011, Gaydarov, C-430/10, ECLI:EU:C:2011:749.
Where such a question is raised before any court or tribunal of a Member State, that court or tribunal may, if it considers that a decision on the question is necessary to enable it to give judgment, request the ECJ to give a ruling thereon.
Domstolens dom av den 26 juli 2017, Ouhrami, C-225/16, ECLI:EU:C:2017:590.
Where any such question is raised in a case pending before a court or tribunal of a Member State against whose decisions there is no judicial remedy under national law, that court or tribunal shall bring the matter before the Court.
Domstolens dom av den 10 september 2013, G. och R., C-383/13 PPU, ECLI:EU:C:2013:533.
If such a question is raised in a case pending before a court or tribunal with regard to a person in detention, the ECJ shall act by means of an accelerated urgency procedure.
Domstolens dom av den 11 december 2014, Boudjlida, C-249/13, ECLI:EU:C:2014:2431.
Preliminary references have already played an important role for assuring a harmonised interpretation of several key provisions of the Return Directive.
Domstolens dom av den 6 november 2014, Mukarubega, C-166/13, ECLI:EU:C:2014:2336.
Members of courts or tribunals in Member States are encouraged to make continued use of preliminary references and to ask for authentic interpretation to the ECJ whenever this appears necessary.
Förenta nationerna, Allmän kommentar nr 12 (2009): Barnets rätt att bli hörd, 2009, finns på: http://www.refworld.org/docid/4ae562c52.html