natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
It is thought that the conditions under which the sludge has been grown, as well as the conditions prevailing in the test used (as in paragraph 5 and in other tests), have a large effect on the resulting values. One aspect of this variability has been discussed by Grady et al (4), who have suggested that the terms “extant” and “intrinsic” should be applied to two extreme conditions representing the limits of physiological state a culture may attain during a kinetic experiment.
Man tror att slammets odlingsbetingelser och de betingelser som gäller i det test som används (som i punkt 5 och i andra test) har en stor effekt på de värden som erhålls.
If the state is not allowed to change during the test, the kinetic parameter values reflect the conditions in the environment from which the micro-organisms were taken; these values are called “extant” or currently existing. At the other extreme, if conditions in the test are such as to permit the full development of the protein-synthesizing system allowing maximum possible growth rate, the kinetic parameters obtained are said to be “intrinsic”, and are dependent only on the nature of the substrate and the types of bacteria in the culture.
En aspekt av denna variation har diskuterats av Grady m.fl.
Ring-test of the ISO Headspace CO2 method: application to surfactants: Surfactant Ring Test-1, Report EU4697, Water Research Centre, May 1999, Medmenham, SL7 2HD, UK.
EU (1999), ”Ring-test of the ISO Headspace CO2 method: application to surfactants: Surfactant Ring Test-1, Report EU4697”, Water Research Centre, maj 1999, Medmenham, SL7 2HD, UK.
Elsevier Science Ltd, The Netherlands, pp. 555-576.
, ”Oligochaeta”, i Bioindicators and biomonitors, Markert, B. A., Breure, A.M. och Zechmeister, H. G. (red.) Elsevier Science Ltd, Nederländerna, s. 555–576.
UBA-Texte 4/99: 373 pp.
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Originating probably from the region of the Black Sea, they are distributed worldwide today, especially in anthropogenically modified habitats like compost heaps.
De härstammar sannolikt från Svartahavsregionen och finns numera över hela världen, särskilt i antropogent modifierade livsmiljöer såsom komposthögar.
Both can be used for ecotoxicological as well as bioaccumulation tests.
Båda kan användas för både ekotoxikologiska test och bioackumuleringstest.
It consists of an inner vessel (or liner) constructed from porous polypropylene of 3,2 mm thickness and pore size of approximately 90 μm, the joint being butt-welded. (This makes a more robust unit than that described in paragraph 21 of this chapter, C.10 A).
Det består av ett inre kärl konstruerat av poröst polypropen med tjocklek på 3,2 mm och porstorlek på cirka 90 μm, med stumsvetsad söm (detta ger en robustare enhet än den som beskrivs i punkt 21 i detta kapitel C.10 A).
The liner is fitted into an impervious polyethylene outer vessel, which consists of two parts: a circular base in which holes are bored to accommodate two air lines and a sludge-wastage line, and an upper cylinder which screws on to the base and which has an outlet placed so as to give a known volume (3 l) in the porous pot vessel.
Innerkärlet omsluts av ett ogenomträngligt ytterkärl av polyetylen som består av två delar: en rund bas med hål för två luftkanaler och en slamkasseringskanal, och en övre cylinder som är skruvad på basen och vars utlopp är placerat så att Porous Pot-kärlet får en känd volym på 3 liter.
Selenium Deficiency in Crustacean.
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A vitamin stock solution is prepared by adding three vitamins to deionised water as indicated in Table 3, and 0,1 ml of the combined vitamin stock solution are added to the final “M7” medium shortly before use. (The vitamin stock solution is stored frozen in small aliquots).
En stamlösning med vitaminer bereds genom att tillsätta tre vitaminer till avjoniserat vatten enligt tabell 3, och 0,1 ml av den kombinerade vitaminstamlösningen tillsätts till det slutliga M7-mediet strax före användningen (vitaminstamlösningen förvaras djupfryst i små alikvoter).
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In some cases, a vacuum pump is used to draw the exit gas through a “cold” trap or a purge-trap containing Tenax and silica gel for gas-chromatographic analyses. The test chemical present in the trap can be determined analytically.
I vissa fall används vakuumpump för att dra utloppsgasen genom en ”kall” fälla eller purge-trap som innehåller Tenax och silikagel för gaskromatografianalyser. Testkemikalien i fällan kan bestämmas analytiskt.
When needed, dilute with tap water. (This medium is unsatisfactory e.g. nitrogen concentration is very high, relatively low carbon content, but nothing better has been suggested, except to add more phosphate, as buffer, and extra peptone).
Späd vid behov ut med kranvatten (detta medium är inte tillfredsställande, kvävekoncentrationen är t.ex. mycket hög och kolhalten relativt låg, men det finns inga bättre förslag utom att tillsätta mera fosfat som buffert samt extra pepton).
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The source of peat, kaolin clay and sand should be known. The sediment components should be checked for the absence of chemical contamination (e.g. heavy metals, organochlorine compounds, organophosphorous compounds, etc.).
Torv, kaolinlera och sand ska härröra från kända källor.
For insoluble chemicals, see Appendix 5 in chapter C.10-A. This method is not suitable for volatile chemicals without modifications to the tubular reactors (paragraph 16).
För olösliga kemikalier, se tillägg 5 till kapitel C.10 A. Denna metod är inte lämplig för flyktiga kemikalier utan modifiering av de rörformade reaktorerna (punkt 16).
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ISO 14593 (1998), Water Quality - Evaluation in an aqueous medium of the ultimate biodegradability of organic compounds.
Justification for any modification of route of exposure and exposure conditions, if applicable; (2) Justification for selection of dose levels;
Beskrivning av pilotstudier som används i den experimentella utformningen av uppföljningsstudier, om tillämpligt.
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Other methods for the determination of the 1-octanol/water partition coefficient (POW) are the “shake-flask” method (2), and the determination of the POW from reversed phase HPLC-retention behaviour (3). The “shake-flask” method is prone to artifacts due to transfer of octanol micro-droplets into the aqueous phase. With increasing values of POW the presence of these droplets in the aqueous phase leads to an increasing overestimation of the concentration of the test substance in the water. Therefore, its use is limited to substances with log POW < 4. The second method relies on solid data of directly determined POW values to calibrate the relationship between HPLC-retention behaviour and measured values of POW. A draft OECD guideline was available for determining 1-octanol/water partition coefficients of ionisable substances (4) but shall no longer be used.
Andra metoder för bestämning av fördelningskoefficienten 1-oktanol/vatten (POW) är ”skakkolvmetoden” (2), där POW bestäms utifrån retentionstiden vid HPLC-analys med omvänd fas (3). Skakkolvmetoden ger ofta upphov till artefakter beroende på att mikroskopiska droppar av oktanol övergår i vattenfasen. Med ökande värden på POW leder närvaron av dessa droppar i allt högre grad till att testämnets koncentration i vattnet överskattas. Metoden kan därför bara användas för ämnen med log POW < 4. Den andra metoden bygger på en tillförlitlig uppsättning direktbestämda POW-värden som används för att kalibrera förhållandet mellan retentionstiden med HPLC och de uppmätta POW-värdena. Det har funnits ett utkast till OECD-riktlinjer tillgängligt för bestämning av fördelningskoefficienten 1-oktanol/vatten för joniserbara ämnen (4), men detta ska inte längre användas.
The use of gravimetric analysis is acceptable only for single component powder aerosols or aerosols of low volatility liquids and should be supported by appropriate pre-study test chemical-specific characterisations. Multi-component powder aerosol concentration may also be determined by gravimetric analysis.
Användningen av gravimetrisk analys är endast acceptabel för pulveraerosoler bestående av en enda komponent eller aerosoler bestående av vätskor med låg flyktighet, och bör stödjas av en lämplig preklinisk studie med kemikaliespecifik karakterisering.