natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Community policy prefers to give priority to measures which restore a firm’s competitiveness, such as restructuring plans; only measuresof this kind can return the firm to viability and provide durable jobs.
Politika Skupnosti daje zato prednostukrepom, kot so načrti prestrukturiranja, s katerimi se ponovno vzpostavi konkurenčnost podjetja.Samo tovrstni ukrepi lahko podjetju povrnejo sposobnost preživetja in zagotavljajo trajna delovnamesta.
Aid that serves merely to maintain the firm in existence also seriously disturbs markets and is detrimental to competingfirms which make the necessary effort to remain competitive. The Commission’s endeavours infavour of such firms protect them against unjustified economic discrimination.
Pomoč, ki služi samo zato, da ohrani podjetje pri življenju, povzroča tudi resne motnje natrgu in škoduje konkurenčnim podjetjem, ki vlagajo potrebne napore za ohranjanje konkurenčnosti.Ukrepi Komisije v njihov prid taka podjetja varujejo pred neupravičeno ekonomsko diskriminacijo.
I have taken particular pains to improve transparency in the area of monitoring State aid so thatthe European public is better informed of just how much public aid is being granted and of whatthe Commission is doing in this area.
Posebej veliko truda sem vložil v izboljšanje preglednosti na področju nadzora državne pomoči, dabi bila evropska javnost bolje seznanjena z obsegom javne pomoči in z nadzorom, ki ga Komisijaopravlja na tem področju.
I have asked for the establishment of an aid register listingall of the Commission’s decisions concerning State aid, and of a scoreboard which would enableit to be seen whether Member States are complying with the State aid rules.
Naročil sem sestaviti seznam pomoči, v katerem so navedeni vsi sklepi Komisije v zvezi z državno pomočjo, in kontrolno preglednico, ki bi ji omogočila, da vidi, ali državečlanice spoštujejo pravila državne pomoči.
We must alsoimprove the economic analysis of aid granted in order better to evaluate its cost and impact onthe internal market.
Prav tako moramo izboljšati ekonomsko analizo danepomoči, da bi bolje ocenili njene stroške in učinke na notranji trg.
I am convinced that transparency will enable the public and itsrepresentatives to become more involved in aid-monitoring policy.
Prepričan sem, da bo dalapreglednost javnosti in njenim predstavnikom možnost, da se v večji meri vključijo v politiko nadzorapomoči.
Effective competition improves the European public’s quality of life and purchasing power, andthe public is entitled to expect the Commission —and national competition authorities and lawcourts —to tackle obstacles to competition and thereby defend its interests.
Ker svobodna konkurenca izboljšuje kakovost življenja evropskih državljanov in njihovo kupno moč,od Komisije – ter od državnih organov za konkurenco in od sodstva – upravičeno pričakujejo, da selotijo odpravljanja ovir svobodne konkurence in da tako branijo njihove interese.
The Commission’scompetition policy meets this requirement in full. It enhances the quality and variety of goodsplaced on the market, fosters technological innovation and economic performance and, finally,promotes fair prices for users.
Politikakonkurence, ki jo izvaja Komisija, v celoti izpolnjuje ta pričakovanja, saj izboljšuje kakovost in bogatipestro ponudbo blaga na trgu, spodbuja tehnološke inovacije in gospodarsko uspešnost,navsezadnje pa uporabnikom prinaša poštene cene.
However, the Commission’s competition policy is not limited to protecting consumers from thedangers that face them.
Vendar politika konkurence, ki jo izvaja Komisija, ni omejena samo na varstvo potrošnikov prednevarnostmi, ki jim grozijo.
It also seeks to preserve and stimulate their ability to operate on themarket in such a way as to contribute to the competitive process.
Zagotoviti potrošnikom možnost izbire in stem vplivati na obnašanje podjetij, pomeni tudi zagotoviti delovanje svobodnega trga.
Ensuring that consumers areable to make choices which affect the conduct of firms is also a means of guaranteeing thatmarkets function on a competitive basis.
Skratka, Komisija in njene odgovorne službe za konkurenco spodbujajo aktivno sodelovanjepotrošnikov in njihovih organizacij.
Such information may enable the Commission to initiate investigation proceedings concerning practices which distort competition.
omogočijo Komisiji, da uvede preiskovalne postopke o početju, ki je v nasprotju s pravilikonkurence.
Consumer organisations are also able to establish links of this kind with the national competitionauthorities where signs of restrictive practices emerge more at national than at Community level.
Potrošniške organizacije lahko tudi vzpostavijo tovrstne vezi z državnimi organi zakonkurenco, kadar se znaki omejevanja pojavijo bolj v okviru države kot na ravni Skupnosti.
This brochure has the dual objective of informing the public of the real benefits it can expectfrom European competition policy and arousing its interest and canvassing its help inimplementing that policy. I hope that the European public will respond favourably to this request.
Brošura ima dva cilja; javnost seznaniti z resničnimi koristmi, ki jih lahko pričakuje od evropskepolitike konkurence in vzbuditi njeno zanimanje ter preskusiti njeno pomoč za izvajanje te politike.Upam, da se bo evropska javnost na to ugodno odzvala.
I am convinced that a rigorous application of competition policy is the best way of guaranteeingeconomic freedom.
Prepričan sem, da je dosledno izvajanje politike konkurence najboljši način za zagotavljanjeekonomskih svoboščin.
Economic freedom, within a proper regulatory framework, is a precondition for the development of a free society.
Ekonomske svoboščine v primernem zakonskem okviru so predpogoj zarazvoj svobodne družbe.
Freedom of competition is thus a publicfreedom. It impacts not only on the economic environment but also on the organisation ofsociety at large.
Svobodna konkurenca je tako javna svoboščina, ki ne vpliva samo naekonomsko okolje, ampak tudi na organizacijo družbe nasploh. V tem smislu je politika konkurence“državljanska” politika.
A brief outline
Kratek opis
The Treaty on European Union states in its principles that the Community’s
Pogodba o Evropski uniji med svojimi načeli določa, da države članice
Member States are to adopt an economic policy ‘conducted in accordancewith the principle of an open market economy with free competition’.
Skupnosti sprejemajo ekonomsko politiko, “ki se vodi v skladu z načeliodprtega tržnega gospodarstva, kjer vlada svobodna konkurenca”.
The Community’s competition policy pursues a precise goal, which is to defendand develop effective competitionin the common market.
Konkurenčna politika Skupnosti zasleduje točno določen cilj: obrambo in razvojresnične konkurencena skupnem trgu.
Competition is abasic mechanism of the market economyinvolving supply(producers, traders)and demand(intermediate customers, consumers).
Konkurenca je temeljni mehanizem tržnega gospodarstva, ki vključuje ponudbo(proizvajalce, trgovce) inpovpraševanje(vmesne stranke, porabnike).
Suppliers offer goods orservices on the market in an endeavour to meet demand.
Dobavitelji ponujajo na trgu blagoali storitve, da bi zadovoljili povpraševanje.
Demand seeks thebest ratio between quality and pricefor the products it requires.
Povpraševanje išče najboljšerazmerje med kakovostjo in cenoiskanega izdelka ali storitve.
The mostefficient response emerges as a result of a contest between suppliers. Thus,competition leads everybody individually to seek out the means of striking thisbalance between quality and price in order to meet demand to the best possible
Najboljšiodgovor je spopad med dobavitelji.Konkurenčni boj usmerja vsakogar k iskanjuravnovesja med kakovostjo in ceno, da bi kar najbolje zadovoljil povpraševanje.Konkurenca je torej preprosto in učinkovito sredstvo, da se porabnikom po
This consolidates the Community’s industrial and commercial fabric so that itis able to confront the competitiveness of our mainpartners and to put Community firms in a position tosucceed in markets around the world.
To krepiindustrijsko in trgovsko tkivo Skupnosti, tako da jesposobno biti kos konkurenčnosti naših glavnihpartnerjev in da podjetjem iz Skupnosti daje moč, dauspešno osvajajo svetovne trge.
European competition policy is based on a Community legislative frameworkessentially provided by the EC Treaty (Articles 81 to 90).
Evropska politika konkurence temelji na pravnem redu Skupnosti, ki ga vglavnem določa Pogodba ES (od 81. - 90. člena).
Further rules areprovided by a Council regulation known as the merger regulation.
Nadaljnja pravila določauredba Sveta, ki je poznana kot uredba o združitvah.
On the basisof this body of law, competition policy focuses on four main areas of action.
Na podlagi teh temeljnihzakonskih besedil se politika konkurence usmerja na štiri glavna področjaukrepov:
• The elimination of agreements which restrict competition and of abuses of adominant position(e.g. price-fixing agreements between competitors).
• odpravo sporazumov, ki omejujejo konkurenco in zlorab dominantnegapoložaja(na primer, cenovni sporazumi med tekmeci);
• The control of mergers between firms(e.g. a merger between two large groupswhich results in their dominating the market).
• nadzor nad združitvami podjetij(na primer, združitev dveh velikih skupin, ki ima zaposledico njuno prevlado na trgu);
• The liberalisation of monopolistic economic sectors(e.g. telecommunications).
• liberalizacijo monopolnih gospodarskih sektorjev(na primer telekomunikacij);
• The monitoring of State aid(e.g. the prohibition of a State grant designed to keepa loss-making firm in business even though it has no prospect of recovery).
• nadzor nad državno pomočjo(na primer prepoved državne pomoči, namenjeneohranjanju poslovanja podjetja v izgubah, četudi nima nobenih možnosti, da se spetpostavi na noge).
Community law strives to defend the common market and stimulate competitionwithin what is a vast economic area.
Zakonodaja Skupnosti si prizadeva za obrambo skupnega trga in spodbujanjekonkurence znotraj tega ogromnega gospodarskega prostora.
It does not enter into play until such timeas trade between Member States is affectedby the practices in question. Forexample, a price-fixing agreement between bakers in a given town will not haveany impact on the Community market, and European law is therefore notapplicable to this kind of situation.
Do uporabezakonov Skupnosti pride šele takrat, ko je zaradi spornega ravnanja prizadetatrgovina med državami članicami.Na primer, dogovor o cenah med peki vdoločenem mestu ne bo imel nobenega učinka na trg Skupnosti, zato za takprimer ne velja evropska zakonodaja.
However, such an agreement would probablybe covered by domestic law.
Vendar bo za tak primer verjetno veljaldomači zakon.
The condition that trade be affected is central to all Community provisions.
Pogoj, da je prizadeta trgovina, je odločilnega pomena za vsezakonodajne določbe Skupnosti.
The European Commissionhas the power to deal with these matters.
Evropska komisijaje pristojna za reševanje teh vprašanj.
In some cases, this power is shared with the Member States’ own competitionauthorities and law courts(Articles 81 and 82), while in others it liesexclusivelywith the Commission (merger control, monitoring of State aid).
V nekaterih primerihsvoje pristojnosti deli z organi držav članic na področju konkurence in ssodstvom(81. in 82. člen), medtem ko je v drugih pristojnost izključnov njenihrokah (nadzor nad združitvami, nadzor državne pomoči).
It is shared when a rule is generally applicable throughout the Community.
Pristojnost je deljena,kadar se predpis na splošno uporablja v vsej Skupnosti.
Both the Commission and the courts in the Member States have a duty toenforce such rules.
Komisija in sodiščadržav članic morajo skrbeti za uveljavitev takšnih predpisov.
By contrast, it is exclusive when the legislative provision inquestion expressly stipulates that this is the case.
Izključna pa je,kadar zadevna zakonska določba to izrecno določa.
For the control of large-scalemergers, the Member States considered it necessary to create a one-stop shop.They appointed the European Commission to that end.
Države članice so menile,da je treba nadzor obsežnih združitev opravljati na enem samem mestu. Tonalogo so zaupale Evropski komisiji.
For State aid, thedecision whether or not aid granted by Member States is illegal can be takenonly by a supranational and independent authority.
Odločitev, ali je pomoč, ki jo dajejo državečlanice protizakonita ali ne, lahko sprejme samo nadnacionalni in neodvisniorgan. Ta organ je Evropska komisija.
Finally, it should be added that most Member States have their own domesticlawsto counter anti-competitive practices (restrictive agreements, abuses of adominant position, and mergers).
Končno je treba pripomniti, da ima večina držav članic svoje domače zakone zaukrepanje proti pojavom omejevanja konkurence ( omejevalni sporazumi, zlorabaprevladujočega položaja in združitve).
National law makes it possible to take actionagainst practices which do not have any impact on trade between Member States.
Državna zakonodaja omogoča sprejemukrepov proti ravnanju, ki nima nobenega vpliva na trgovino med državamičlanicami.
A rigorous procedure is laid down in various implementing regulations.
Različni izvedbeni predpisi predvidevajo strog postopek.
Theyconfer powers of investigationon the Commission’s agents.
Pristojnosti za vodenjepreiskavedajejo poročevalcem Komisije.
Due processisguaranteed, as is commercial confidentiality.
Pri tem so zagotovljene tako praviceobrambekot spoštovanje poslovnihskrivnosti.
Commission policy would be ineffective if its monitoring and control activitieswere not accompanied by decisionsand penalties. In the area of its anti-trustoperations, the Commission has the power not only to prohibitan agreement orto issue an injunctionthat a restrictive practice be stopped, but also to imposefineson firms found guilty of anti-competitive conduct.
Politika Komisije bi bila neučinkovita, če njenim opazovalnim in nadzornimdejavnostim ne bi sledili sklepiin kazni.Na področju ukrepov za varstvosvobodne konkurence ni Komisija pristojna samo za to, da prepovesporazum aliizda sodni nalog,da je treba prenehati z omejevanjem konkurence, ampak tudida naloži globepodjetjem, ki jim je bilo dokazano protikonkurenčno obnašanje.Višina globese izračuna glede na težo in trajanje prestopka.Nekatere najtežjeoblike kršitev so cenovni karteli ali zlorabe podjetij, ki imajo tako rekočmonopolni položaj.
The amount of thesefinesis calculated according to the gravity and duration of the infringement.Some of the most serious practices are price cartels or abusive conduct by firmsholding a virtual monopoly.
Pri določanju višine globe upošteva Komisija vsakooteževalno(na primer ponavljanje prestopka) ali olajševalnookoliščino (naprimer pripravljenost podjetja na sodelovanje).
In determining the amount of a fine, the Commission takes account of any aggravating circumstances (e.g. repetition ofan infringement) or mitigatingcircumstances (e.g. cooperation by the firm).Fines may be as much as 10 % of the firm’s worldwide turnover.
Denarne kazni lahko dosežejocelo 10 odstotkov prodaje podjetja v svetu.
With regard to State aid, the Commission has the power to require that illegallygranted aid be repaidby recipients to the public authorities which granted it.The Member State must recoverthe aid immediately in accordance withdomestic procedures.
V zvezi z državno pomočjo je Komisija pooblaščena, da prejemniki javnimorganom povrnejonezakonito dobljeno pomoč, ki so jim jo podelili ti organi.Države članice morajo pomoč nemudoma dobiti nazaj, in sicer v skladu z domaveljavnimi postopki.
An appeal against a Commission decision may be lodged with the Court of First Instance or the Court of Justice of the European Communities.
Proti sklepom Komisije je mogoče vložiti priziv pri prvostopenjskem sodiščualipri Sodišču Evropskih skupnosti.
Restrictiveagreements andabuse of a dominant position
Omejevalni sporazumiin zloraba prevladujočega položaja
Restrictive agreements
Omejevalni sporazumi
Some agreements between enterprises impair competition.
Nekateri sporazumi med podjetji omejujejo svobodno konkurenco.
The most familiarexample is an agreement on prices, or cartel, whereby firms fix price levelsjointly so that consumers are unable to take advantage of competition betweensuppliers to obtain competitive prices.
Najpogostejšiprimer je cenovni ali kartelni sporazum, pri katerem podjetja skupaj določijocene, tako da porabniki ne morejo izkoristiti konkurenčnega boja med ponudniki,da bi dosegli konkurenčne cene.
The result for the final consumer is anincrease in market prices.
Posledica za končnega porabnika so višje cenena trgu.
Other agreements have the object or effect of fixingother conditions for the operation of markets: for example, they may allocateproduction quotas to firms or share markets between them.
Predmet ali učinek drugih sporazumov je določitev drugih pogojevdelovanja trgov, na primer razdelitev proizvodnih kvot po podjetjih alimedsebojna razdelitev trgov.
Agreements of thistype are prohibited in the European Community because they distortcompetition and are detrimental to the various operators on the market.
Tovrstni sporazumi so v Evropski skupnostiprepovedani, ker nasprotujejo svobodni konkurenci in delujejo v škodo različnihtržnih subjektov.
Where there is a price-fixing agreement, for example, firms do not try to providenew products or services of good quality at competitive prices, and insteadmerely exploit a situation that they have created themselves where consumerscan no longer decide between several prices or different types of product or
Kadar pride, na primer, do cenovnega dogovora, podjetja ne poskušajo ponuditinovih izdelkov ali storitev dobre kakovosti po konkurenčnih cenah, ampaknamesto tega samo izkoriščajo položaj, ki so si ga ustvarila, medtem koporabniki ne morejo več izbirati med različnimi cenami, vrstami izdelkov ali načini
Some agreementsbetween enterprisesimpair competition.
Nekateri sporazumi medpodjetji omejujejo svobodnokonkurenco.
In those circumstances, enterprises no longer have to be reallycompetitive and have no incentive to innovate or reduce production costs.
V takšnih primerih podjetjem ni trebaveč skrbeti za svojo konkurenčnost.
Consequently, theyproduce expensive products or services thatbecome increasingly obsolete as time goes on.
Ker nimajonobene spodbude za inovacije in zniževanjeproizvodnih stroškov, postajajo njihovi izdelki alistoritve sčasoma čedalje bolj zastareli in dragi.
In the medium term, those firms will be exposed to the full force of competitionwhen a competitor which is not a party to the agreement appears; this willresult in a serious crisis liable to involve reductions in workforce or closures of enterprises.
Na srednji rok bo taka podjetja z vso silo zajel vrtinec konkurence, ko se bo natrgu pojavil tekmec, ki ne bo vključen v sporazum. To bo privedlo do hudih težav,zaradi katerih bo treba odpuščati delavce ali zapreti podjetja.
The crisis thus affects employees, subcontractors and traders.Moreover, artificially high prices affect the costs of intermediate consumers,who are adversely affected by their suppliers’ anti-competitive behaviour.
Kriza takoprizadene zaposlene, podizvajalce in trgovce. Poleg tega se umetno privite ceneprenašajo na stroške vmesnih porabnikov, ki so na slabšem zaradiprotikonkurenčnega ravnanja svojih dobaviteljev. Zato je zavrta dinamika tehpodjetij.
Lastly, finalconsumers pay more for products or services, have a restricted choice and donot benefit from technical or economic progress.
Navsezadnje končni porabniki dražje plačujejo izdelke ali storitve, imajomanjšo izbiro in nimajo koristi od tehničnega ali ekonomskega napredka.
The anti-competitive behaviour of a few firms thus harms all operators andjustifies the intervention of the authorities.
Protikonkurenčno obnašanje nekaterih podjetij tako škoduje vsem tržnimsubjektom, zaradi česar je upravičeno posredovanje oblasti.
In each of the last three years, the European Commission has dealt on average with over 400 cases concerningagreements restricting competition.
Evropska komisija jezadnja tri leta vsako leto obravnavala povprečno več kot 400 primerov v zvezi ssporazumi o omejitvi konkurence.
Community law (Article 81)
Zakonodaja Skupnost(81.člen)
Agreements restricting competition are prohibited by Article 81 of the EC Treaty.
81. člen Pogodbe ES prepoveduje sporazume o omejevanju konkurence.Sporazum je neveljaven, če izpolnjuje naslednje pogoje:
If an agreement fulfils the following conditions, it is void: it is concluded between firms or ‘undertakings’;
• sklenjen je med podjetji;
• • it leads to an appreciable restriction of competition on the market.
• občutno omejuje konkurenco na trgu.
It may fixpurchase or selling prices or other trading conditions; it may limit production,markets, technical development or investment.
Lahko določa nabavne ali prodajne cene alidruge prodajne in nakupne pogoje; lahko omejuje proizvodnjo, trge, tehničnirazvoj ali naložbe.
It may also share markets orsources of supply between competitors.
Med tekmeci lahko celo deli tržišča ali vire preskrbe.
Lastly, it may apply discriminatory conditions to firms that are not parties to the agreement, placing them at acompetitive disadvantage.
Končnolahko nalaga podjetjem, ki niso vključena v dogovor, slabše pogoje in jih postavljav slabši konkurenčni položaj.
An agreement is considered to restrict competition if itinterferes appreciably with the normal interplay of supply and demand.
Če občutno posega v običajna razmerja medponudbo in povpraševanjem, za dogovor velja, da omejuje konkurenco.
However, some agreements may encourage competition, because they promote technical progress or improve distribution, for example.
Vendar lahko nekateri sporazumi spodbujajo konkurenco, ker na primer pospešujejo tehnični napredek ali izboljšujejo distribucijo.
Under Community law, those agreements can be exempted from the prohibition because they ultimately have a beneficial effect on the market.
Po zakonodaji Skupnosti se lahko pri takšnih sporazumih odstopi od prepovedi, ker navsezadnje koristno vplivajo na trg.
Four tests must be satisfied if an agreement is to qualify for an exemption:
Da bi bil lahko sporazum izvzet iz prepovedi, morajo biti izpolnjeni štirje pogoji:
Article progress; it must allow intermediate or final consumers a fair share of the resulting benefit;
81. čle izboljšati mora proizvodnjo ali distribucijo blaga ali pospešiti ekonomski napredek; vmesni ali končni porabniki morajo dobiti pošten delež ustvarjene koristi; omejitev konkurence mora biti nujna za dosego prvih dveh pogojev; ne sme odpraviti konkurence za velik delež zadevnih izdelkov ali storitev.
Some examples of actiontaken by the Commission
Primeri ukrepov, ki jih je sprejela Komisija
Distance-heating pipe cartel prohibited
Prepoved kartela proizvajalcev cevi za daljinsko ogrevanje
In October 1998, the Commission terminated a cartel between producers of distance-heating pipes, which had jointly fixed prices and terms for tenders to public authorities.
Oktobra 1998 je Komisija naredila konec kartelu med proizvajalci cevi za daljinsko ogrevanje, ki so skupaj določali cene in kupoprodajne pogoje za javne razpise.
The cartel was set up in Denmark at the end of 1990 and subsequently extended to Germany and other EU Member States.
Kartel je bil sklenjen konec leta 1990 na Danskem in se je postopoma razširil na Nemčijo ter druge države članice EU.
From 1994, the entire European market was covered.
Od leta 1994 je pokrival celoten evropski trg.
V of the cartel shared national markets and jointly fixed prices for distance-heating
Za zmago na vsakem razpisu je bil določen “favorit”, drugi člani kartela pa so poslali ponudbe, ki so bile precej višje od “favoritove”.