natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Its maingoals include the introduction of gender studies withinthe Polish academic environment, the popularisation ofgender oriented research as a part of contemporaryhumanities; the promotion of an interdisciplinaryapproach to gender studies; the practical analysis of particular gender issues.
Center nudi interdisciplinarne študijske smeri zapodiplomske študente (kandidati za magisterij indoktorat). Med svoje glavne cilje uvršča uvedbo študijespolov znotraj poljskega akademskega okolja, razširitevraziskav spolov kot del sodobnih humanističnih ved,spodbujanje interdisciplinarnega pristopa k študijamspolov in praktično analizo določenih vprašanj spolov.
(Women’s Studies Centre).
(Center za ženske študije). Univerza v Lodzu,Lodz.
The Centre aims at developing interdisciplinary researchin the field of feminism; a graduate programme - MAdegree in women’s studies; interdisciplinary researchactivity concerning women in postcommunist societies;links with women’s organisations in Romania andabroad; exchange of information and mobility of teaching staff with women’s studies centres in Europe andworld wide; information and documentation sources;publication activities.
Center se zavzema za razvoj interdisciplinarnih raziskavna področju feminizma; podiplomski program – magisterijiz ženskih študij; interdisciplinarna raziskovalna dejavnostv zvezi z ženskami v družbah, ki so bile komunistične;povezave z ženskimi organizacijami v Romuniji in tujini;izmenjava informacij in mobilnost učiteljev med centriza ženske študije v Evropi in po svetu; informacijski indokumentacijski viri; objave.
Contact person: Doina Balahur E-mail: cmsdc@zappmobile.ro Website (in English): www.uaic.ro
Oseba za stike: Doina Balahur E-naslov: cmsdc@zappmobile.ro Spletna stran (v angleščini): www.uaic.ro
(Romanian Gender Centre for Women in Science and Technology).Bucharest.
(Romunski center za ženske v znanosti in tehnologiji ). Bukarešta.
The Centre was established in 1992 and was the firststructure of this kind in Poland.
Center je bil ustanovljen leta 1992 in je bil prvi te vrstena Poljskem.
It is one of the oldestwomen’s studies centres in Eastern and Central Europe.Its activities include research on and teaching ofwomen’s issues from different disciplinary points ofview (cultural anthropology, philosophy, sociology, psychology, literature, film and cultural studies) as well asthe organisation of international conferences, seminarsand workshops, hosting guest lectures and publishingconference materials.
Je eden najstarejših centrov za ženske študijev vzhodni in srednji Evropi. Med njegove dejavnostištejejo raziskovanje ženskih vprašanj in poučevanje o njih z različnih disciplinarnih vidikov (kulturnoantropološke, antropološke, filozofske, sociološke,psihološke, literarna, filmske in kulturne študije) skupajz organizacijo mednarodnih konferenc, seminarjev indelavnic, gostujočih predavanj in objavljanjemkonferenčnega gradiva.
These activities are addressed tothe university community and the general public.
Te dejavnosti so namenjene takouniverzitetni skupnosti kot splošni javnosti.
The Women’s Studies Centre cooperates with scholars andinstitutions from more than forty universities from the European Union, the United States and Australia within various international research and teaching projects.Moreover, the Centre cooperates on a regular basiswith local artists and professional journalists.
Center zaženske študije sodeluje z intelektualci in ustanovami z več kot štirideset univerz Evropske unije, Združenihdržav in Avstralije v različnih mednarodnih raziskovalnihprojektih in projektih za poučevanje. Center rednosodeluje tudi z domačimi umetniki in poklicniminovinarji.
The main scope of the Centre is to improve Romanianwomen’s education and professional careers by promoting: a wider access to education and professional training for women; the dissemination of informationregarding training and career opportunities; a widerinvolvement in science and technology activities; theencouragement of the promotion of women in managerial and decision-making positions; the involvementand development of research and technology programmes and projects with significant impact onwomen’s work, particularly in rural communities andless developed areas; and a better access to informationconcerning the activities of gender organisations in Romania and abroad.
Glavno področje delovanja centra je izboljšanjeizobraževanja in poklicne kariere Romunk, s tem daspodbuja: širši dostop do izobraževanja in poklicnegausposabljanja žensk; širjenje informacij o možnostihusposabljanja in zaposlitve; boljšo vključitev v dejavnostiznanosti in tehnologije; napredovanje žensk na vodilnepoložaje in položaje, na katerih morajo odločati;vključevanje v raziskovalne in tehnološke programe inprojekte ter njihovo nadaljnje razvijanje s pomembnimpoudarkom na delu žensk, zlasti na podeželju in manjrazvitih območjih; boljši dostop do informacij glededejavnosti organizacij za spol v Romuniji in tujini.
(Foundation for Equal Opportunities for Women).Iasi.
(Javni sklad za enake možnosti žensk). Iasi.
The Centre was founded in 1995 and postgraduate gender studies began in 1996.
Center je bil ustanovljen leta 1995, podiplomske študijespolov pa so se začele leta 1996.
The aim of these studies is todefine gender, identify its function in culture, societyand social sciences, and, finally, to understand the socialconsequences of gender-related norms and stereotypes.The two year degree prepares employees for familycourts, legal offices, counselling centres, media andwomen’s organisations.
Namen teh študij jeoznačiti spol, določiti njegovo vlogo v kulturnih,družbenih in socialnih vedah in navsezadnje razumetidružbene posledice norm in stereotipov, nastalih zaradispolov. Dvoletni študij pripravi zaposlene za delo v primerih družinskih sporov, svetovalnih centrih,sredstvih javnega obveščanja in ženskih organizacijah.
(Romanian Association of University Women).
(Združenje univerzitetnih žensk Romunije). Bukarešta.
The organisation is affiliated to the “International Federation of University Women” (IFUW) composed of 74organisations around the globe.
Organizacija je članica „Mednarodnega združenjauniverzitetnih žensk“ (IFUW), ki ga sestavlja 74 organizacij po celem svetu.
It offers programmes,information and advocacy, in accordance with the priorities of IFUW.
Ponuja programe,informacije in odvetniško pomoč v skladu s prioritetami IFUW.
It focuses in particular on graduatewomen and provides a wide range of educational,humanitarian and cultural activities.
Osredotoča se zlasti na diplomirane ženske inzagotavlja široko izbiro izobraževalnih, človekoljubnihin kulturnih dejavnosti.
In Slovenia, there is no special centre for women’s studies because a gender mainstreaming approach prevaileduntil the end of the 1990s.
V Sloveniji ni posebnega centra za ženske študije, ker jenačelo enakih možnosti za moške in ženske prevladovalodo konca devetdesetih.
Gender/women’s studies aremostly concentrated in the following academic institutions:
Ženske študije in študije spola sepovečini nahajajo v naslednjih akademskih ustanovah:
(Women’s Institute).Bucharest.
(nštitut za ženske). Bukarešta.
(Faculty of Philosophy).University of Ljubljana. Ljubljana.
(Romunsko društvo za feministično analizo). Bukarešta.
Department of Sociology Contact person: Milica Antič-Gaber E-mail: Milica.Antic@ff.uni-lj.si Website (in English): www.ff.uni-lj.si/sociologija/english.htm
Oseba za stike: Milica Antič-Gaber E-naslov: Milica.Antic@ff.uni-lj.si Spletna stran (v angleščini): www.ff.uni-lj.si/sociologija/english.htm
Postgraduate programme Women’s Studies and Feminist Theory Contact person: Eva Bahovec E-mail: Eva.Bahovec@guest.arnes.si Website (in English): www.ff.uni-lj.si/filo/english/staff/bahoveca.htm
Oseba za stike: Eva Bahovec E-naslov: Eva.Bahovec@guest.arnes.si Spletna stran (v angleščini): www.ff.uni-lj.si/filo/english/staff/bahoveca.htm
(Faculty of Social Work).University of Ljubljana. Ljubljana.
Univerza v Ljubljani, Ljubljana.
Established in 1993, it was the first feminist centre incontemporary Romania and was one of two Romanianorganisations, which won in 1998 the US/EU Award for Civil Society and Democracy.
To je bil prvi feministični center v moderni Romuniji,ustanovljen leta 1993, in eden od dveh romunskihorganizacij, ki sta leta 1998 prejeli nagrado Združenihdržav in Evropske unije za civilno družbo in demokracijo(Award for Civil Society and Democracy).
It serves as a link betweenacademics, women activists and NGOs in Romania.
Služi kotpovezava med akademiki, aktivistkami in nevladnimiorganizacijami v Romuniji.
Asa multimedia resource centre, its main activities arefocused around four departments: a documentationcentre, a library, a teaching unit and a printing department.
Kot multimedijski center zavire se osredotoča na 4 oddelke: dokumentacijski center,knjižnico, enoto za poučevanje in oddelek za tiskanje.
Since 1995, AnA publishes the only journal forfeminist studies in Romania (AnaLize Journal); isinvolved in community development programmes;designs and launches practical oriented research projectsin all fields related to gender issues.
Odleta 1995 to društvo objavlja le časopise za feminističneštudije v Romuniji (AnaLize Journal); vključuje se v razvojne programe skupnosti; oblikuje in ustvarjapraktično usmerjene projekte z zvezi z vprašanji spolovz vseh področij.
The teaching unitprovides advice on curricula design for gender/feministuniversity courses and trains gender experts.
Enota za poučevanje svetuje v zvezi z oblikovanjem učnih načrtov univerzitetnih študijskihsmeri spol in feminizem ter usposablja strokovnjake zavprašanja spolov.
Institutum Studiorum Humanitatis (ISH)
(Fakulteta za podiplomski humanistični študij).Ljubljana.
The Slovak Republic
Slovaška republika
Founded in 2001, the Centre is the first institutionestablished in the Slovak Republic, which focuses oneducational and research activities on gender.
Center je bil prva institucija, ustanovljena leta 2001 v Slovaški republiki, ki se posveča raziskavam spolov inizobraževanju o spolih.
The interdisciplinary programme is concentrated on relationsbetween genders in different areas of life and theory andcollaborates with scholars from various departments.
Interdisciplinarni program seosredotoča na odnose in teorije med spoloma na različnihpodročjih življenja ter sodeluje s strokovnjaki različnihpodročij.
Itsaim is to approximate university education and researchto the standards of the countries, where gender studieshave been developed as an expression of the democratic policy of education.
Njegov namen je približati univerzitetnoizobrazbo in raziskave standardom tistih držav, kjer seštudije spolov razvijajo kot odraz demokratične politikeizobraževanja.
For further details, see also Annex 8.
Več podrobnosti je podanih v Prilogi 8.
The Scientific track(Government R & D sector): The hierarchical structure of titles/ranks(bottom to top) was: Researcher, Senior Researcher corresponding to the title Associate Professor at the University track and Senior Researcher corresponding to the title Full Pro-fessorat the University track.
Znanstvena pot (vladni razvojni in raziskovalni sektor): Hierarhična struktura nazivov (od najnižjega do najvišjega) je bila: raziskovalec, višji raziskovalec (slednji je lahko ustrezalizrednemu ali rednemu profesorju znotraj univerze).
At the Scientific track, Habilitationmeant and still means aprocess of applying with follow-up awarding of title Senior Researcher corresponding to Associate Professorand/or a title Senior Researcher corresponding to Full Professor.The described hierarchical structure of scientific degrees and titles/ranks slightly varyacross the Enwise countries, but mostly in terms of used specific terminology rather thanin terms of structure.
Na znanstveni ravni je pridobljenahabilitacijapomenila (in še pomeni) možnost napredovanja v naziv višjega raziskovalca, kiustreza izrednemu profesorju ali rednemu profesorju na univerzitetni ravni. Opisana hierarhična struktura znanstvenih nazivov in položajev se je med posameznimidržavami sicer razlikovala, a ponavadi bolj v rabi specifičnega izrazja kot v sami strukturi.
Transformation of these degrees (1990-1995) and onwards
Preoblikovanje nazivov (1990-1995) in nadaljnja pot
The former scientific degree Candidate of Science(CSc) was equalised to the Westernacademic degree of a PhD. The second scientific degree Doctor of Science(DSc.) wasequalised to the Western degree Doctor Habilitatus.
Nekdanji znanstveni naziv kandidat znanosti (CSc) se je izenačil z zahodnim nazivom doktorjaznanosti (PhD), drugi znanstveni naziv doktor znanosti (DSc.) pa z zahodnim nazivom Doctor Habilitatus.
This was the case in Poland, whereas in Hungary, it was replaced by the scientific degree Doctor of the Hungarian Academyof Sciences.
Tako se je zgodilo na Poljskem, medtem ko je bil slednji na Madžarskem zamenjanz nazivom doktor madžarske akademije znanosti.
Bulgaria, the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic preserved the scientific degree Doctor of Science(DSc.).
Bolgarija, Češka republika in Slovaškarepublika so obdržale znanstveni naziv doktor znanosti(DSc.).
In the Baltic States,the second scientific degree“Doc-tor of Science” (DSc.) was replaced by Doctor Habilitatusand universities were given backtheir right to award the academic degree of PhD.
V baltskih republikah so drugiznanstveni naziv doktor znanosti(DSc.) nadomestili z Doctor Habilitatus, univerze pa soponovno pridobile pravico dodeljevati doktorski akademski naziv.
Nevertheless heated debates are going on from time to time among the scientific communities on the issue of this latter DSc.
Še vedno pa se občasno v znanstveni srenji burno razpravlja, ali bi bilo treba naziv doktorjaznanosti obdržati ali odpraviti.
Degree, and whether it has to be maintained orabolished?Since 2000, the second level scientific degree, Doctor of Science, which was replaced in1994 by Doctor Habilitatushas not been awarded any more in Estonia or Latvia.
Od leta 2000 se drugega znanstvenega naziva, doktorja znanosti, ki ga je leta 1994 zamenjal Doctor Habilitatus, v Estoniji in Latviji ni več dodeljevalo.
The previous Soviet two-level scientific degree system has been transformed into a one-tier academic degree in these countries.
V teh državah se je nekdanjisovjetski dvostopenjski model preoblikoval v enostopenjskega.
Unlike Estonia and Latvia, Lithuania preserved the second level scientific degree Doctor Habilitatus, but Lithuanian holders of this degree, aswell as the holders of the first level scientific degree Doctor of Sciencepassed through aspecific process known as nostrificationof their theses.“It meant that all doctoral thesesthat have been defended during the communist period were checked by the Lithuanian Scientific Council for their scientific quality and for their loyalty to Lithuanian state.
Za razliko od Estonije in Latvije, je Litva obdržala drugostopenjski znanstveni naziv Doctor Habilitatus, vendar solitvanski nosilci tega naziva, tako kot nosilci prvega znanstvenega naziva doktorja znanosti,morali iti skozi poseben postopek, znan kot nostrifikacijaustreznih del.
Some theses in social sciences and humanities, in particular in the field of the so-called scientific com-munismwere not nostrificated and their authors did not receive new diplomas (certificates)for Doctor of Science and/or Doctor Habilitatus” (Zvinkliene, 2003).
"To je pomenilo, daje litvanski znanstveni svet preveril vse doktorske disertacije, ki se jih je zagovarjalo v časukomunizma, da bi preučil njihovo znanstveno kvaliteto in zvestobo do litvanske države.Nekatere disertacije s področja družbenih in humanističnih ved, še posebej s področja takoimenovanega znanstvenega komunizma, niso bile nostrificirane, njihovi avtorji pa niso prejelinovih diplom (spričeval) za naziv doktor znanosti ali doktor s habilitacijo" (Zvinkliene, 2003).
The particular case of GDR
Posebnosti NDR
A two-level scientific degree also operated in GDR.
Tudi NDR je uveljavila dvostopenjski sistem znanstvenih nazivov. Prvi znanstveni naziv jebil doktor akademske panoge (Doktor eines Wissenschaftszweiges), podoben zahodnemuakademskemu nazivu PhD, drugi znanstveni naziv pa Doktor Habilitatus(Dr.Habil.).
Thelatter was replaced in 1968 by Doctor of Science - DSc. (Doktor der Wissenschaften).
Slednjegaje leta 1968 zamenjal doktor znanosti. (Doktor der Wissenschaften).
After German unification, the holders of DSc. degree were offered official ways to changeagain back to Dr.Habil., since the scientific degree Dr.Habil. had always existed in Ger-many.The typical structure of University trackin GDR was: scientific assistant with limited contract (for graduates), scientific staff member with unlimited contracts (PhD as a rule),docent and professor (with DSc./Habilitation); and for the governmental R & D sector: scientific staff member with unlimited contracts (with PhD as a rule) and professor (DSc.).
Po združitvi Nemčije jebila nosilcem naziva doktorja znanosti ponujena uradna možnost, da svoj naziv ponovnospremenijo v Dr.Habil., saj je ta znanstveni naziv v Nemčiji vselej obstajal.Tipična univerzitetna potv NDR je torej potekala po naslednjih korakih: znanstveni asistentz zaposlitvijo za določen čas (za diplomante), znanstveno osebje z zaposlitvijo za nedoločenčas (praviloma je za to bil potreben doktorat), docent in profesor (oba z doktoratom znanostioziroma s habilitacijo). V državnem razvojnem in raziskovalnem sektorjupa je pot vodila prekčlana znanstvenega osebja z zaposlitvijo za nedoločen čas (praviloma je za to bil potrebendoktorat) do profesorja (doktor znanosti).
Annex 4R & D transformations in the Baltic States
Priloga 4: Preoblikovanje razvojne in raziskovalne dejavnosti v baltskih republikah
In Estoniathe law on Research Organisationwas replaced by the new Organisation of Research and Development Act(adopted in 1997), which founded the basis for the structural reform of the research establishments, in particular for revising the mechanisms offinancing of research institutions.
V Estonijije leta 1997 sprejeti Zakon o organizaciji razvojne in raziskovalne dejavnostizamenjal nekdanji Zakon o organizaciji raziskovalne dejavnosti. Novi zakon deluje kot osnovaza strukturno reformo raziskovalnih ustanov in za ponovno preučitev mehanizmov financiranjaraziskovalnih institutov.
The Estonian Science Foundation (ESF) and the Innovation Foundation (now part of the Enterprise Estonia Agency, EAS) were reorganisedinto independent non-profit agencies distributing the state budget allocation in the formof grants.
Estonska znanstvena fundacija (ESF) in Fundacija za inovacije stase preoblikovali v neodvisni neprofitni agenciji, ki sredstva, dodeljena iz državnega proračuna,delijo med raziskovalne ustanove v obliki dotacij.
Currently, the ESF distributes about 25% of the research funding via grantsand the other 75% are distributed by the Ministry of Education and Research via its advisory body – the Science Competence Council.
Estonska znanstvena fundacija s svojimidotacijami namenjuje 25 % raziskovalnega proračuna, preostalih 75 % pa dodeljuje Ministrstvoza šolstvo in raziskave prek Znanstvenega sveta, svetovalnega telesa.
The process of integration of the researchinstitutes formerly belonging to the Estonian Academy of Sciences into the four Estonian Universities was carried out in 1996-1998.
Raziskovalne ustanove,ki so nekdaj spadale pod Estonsko akademijo znanosti, so postale del štirih estonskih univerzv obdobju od 1996 do 1998.
Latviahas reorganised the financing system of science and research in a similar way.
Podobno je potekala reorganizacija financiranja znanstvene in raziskovalne dejavnosti vLatviji.
Theformer research institutes of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, being now independentgovernmental non-profit research organisations, do not receive the science fundingdirectly (as in previous times) from the state budget, but the funding is delivered asresearch grants via Latvian Council of Science (LCS) and on the basis of a competition.The process of the integration of independent state research institutions into the Latvianuniversities, which had begun in 1995, was finished formally in 1998.
Nekdanji raziskovalni instituti Latvijske akademije znanosti so postali neodvisne vladneneprofitne raziskovalne ustanove, ki sredstev za znanstveno delovanje ne prejemajo večneposrednoiz državnega proračuna, kot je bilo v navadi poprej, marveč v obliki raziskovalnihdotacij. Te dodeljuje Latvijski znanstveni svet (LCS) ali pa so predmet javnih razpisov innatečajev.
It meant the incorporation of the state research institutes into Latvian universities with the aim of modernising the universities and of strengthening their research capacity.
Postopek priključevanja neodvisnih državnih raziskovalnih ustanov k latvijskimuniverzam, ki se je začel leta 1995, se je uradno zaključil leta 1998.
However, the integration of state research institutes into universities was in a sense a very formal process.Up to now, all the institutes are still legally independent, although they are formally university institutes.
Njegov namen je bilpriključiti državne raziskovalne ustanove latvijskim univerzam, da bi tako posodobili univerzein okrepili njihove raziskovalne zmogljivosti.
A new phase of transformation of the R & D sector is supposed to startin 2004.
V resnici pa je bilo priključevanje državnihraziskovalnih ustanov zgolj formalno, saj vse priključene raziskovalne ustanove ostajajo,zakonsko gledano, neodvisne, četudi jim je bil uradno podeljen status univerzitetnih institutov.Leta 2004 naj bi se začela nova faza preoblikovanja razvojne in raziskovalne dejavnosti,znotraj katere se bo spremenil pravni status državnih raziskovalnih ustanov.
The legal status of the state research institutes will be changed, there will beonly 5 to 7 state research institutes, most of them will be fully integrated into universities, and may be a few of them will be reformed as state commercial establishments.
Po novem naj biv prihodnosti delovalo med 5 in 7 državnih raziskovalnih institutov, večina preostalihraziskovalnih ustanov bo postala del univerz, nekaj raziskovalnih ustanov pa se bo preoblikovalov državna podjetja.
In Lithuania,the main part of R & D capacity is concentrated in Higher Education and inthe Governmental Sector as state research institutes and university research institutes.The HE and GOV R & D is financed from the budget; however, additional income can befunded by various foundations; for instance, Lithuanian State Research and Higher Education Fund gives the possibility for an individual scholar or a group of scholars to applyfor a grant to support research, to prepare a scientific monograph, etc.
V Litvinajdemo glavnino razvojne in raziskovalne dejavnosti v visokošolskem sektorju(univerzitetni raziskovalni instituti) in državnem sektorju (državni raziskovalni instituti).Razvojne in raziskovalne dejavnosti visokošolskega in državnega sektorja se financirajo izproračuna, dodatne vire dohodkov pa predstavljajo razne fundacije, kot sta Litvanski skladza državne in visokošolske raziskovalne ustanove, pri katerih lahko posamezniki ali skupinaznanstvenikov zaprosijo za dodelitev dotacije, s katero bodo finančno podprli raziskovalnodelo, pripravili znanstveno monografijo in podobno.
The research potential has remained unchanged during the last five years at least, wherethe Gross Domestic Expenditure on R & D (GERD) has been about 0.52% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
Raziskovalni potencial se v zadnjih petih letih ali več ni spremenil, bruto izdatki za raziskavein razvoj (GERD) pa znašajo približno 0,52 % bruto domačega proizvoda (BDP).
Growth of the capital expenditure in HE and Government R & D is insufficient, personnel costs are close to 80% of all expenditure despite theincrease of business expenditure on R & D in 2000 and 2001.On 1 October 2002, a new version of the Law on Research and Higher Educationentered into force.
Znotrajvisokošolskega in državnega sektorja za raziskave in razvoj zasledimo nezadostno rast naložbv osnovna sredstva, saj predstavljajo stroški osebja skoraj 80 % vseh izdatkov navzlicpovečanim gospodarskim naložbam v razvojno in raziskovalno dejavnost v letih 2000 in2001.