natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
By understanding how much water is available in a region, where it's coming from and who uses it, we will be able to build effective local strategies to adapt to climate change.
Če vemo, koliko vode je na voljo v regiji, od kod izvira in kdo jo uporablja, bomo lahko oblikovali učinkovite lokalne strategije za prilagajanje podnebnim spremembam.
WEI — latest year
Indeks WEI – v zadnjem letu
Source EEA, 2007.
Vir: Evropska agencija za okolje, 2007.
EEA SIGNALS 2009 / CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION: WATER AND DROUGHT / 13
EEA SIGNALI 2009 / PRILAGAJANJE PODNEBNIM SPREMEMBAM / 13 prizadevanja za zmanjšanje izgube vode in obveščanje o učinkoviti rabi vode.
Looking ahead shows that 50 % of the Mediterranean coastline is built on.
Poročilo Agencije „Videz obalnih območij Evrope se spreminja″ omenja „sredozemski zid″ in pravi, da se gradnja izvaja na 50 % sredozemske obale.
Water shortages and drought are already an issue in many of these regions.
V številnih izmed teh regij pomanjkanje vode in suša že predstavljata težavo.
More apartments, more tourists and more golf courses mean increased demand for water.
Več stanovanj, več turistov in več igrišč za golf pomeni povečano potrebo po vodi.
Coastal areas in the North and West of Europe, where increased flooding is expected, are also being rapidly developed.
Prav tako se hitro razvijajo obalna območja severne in zahodne Evrope, kjer se pričakujejo pogostejše poplave.
The integration of adaptation into key EU policies has been limited.
Prilagajanje je bilo v ključne politike EU vključeno le delno.
However, the European Commission is expected to publish a White paper on adaptation in 2009.
Toda Evropska komisija namerava objaviti Belo knjigo o prilagajanju v letu 2009.
A recent EEA report points out that only seven of the 32 EEA countries have actually adopted National Adaptation Strategies for climate change, so far.
Nedavno poročilo agencije poudarja, da je zaenkrat samo sedem izmed 32 držav članic agencije EEA dejansko sprejelo nacionalne strategije prilagajanja podnebnim spremembam.
However, all EU Member states are busy preparing, developing and implementing national measures based on the observed situation in each country.The joined up thinking necessary for effective adaptation is not well developed but the process is starting.
Vendar pa vse države članice EU pospešeno pripravljajo, razvijajo in izvajajo nacionalne ukrepe na osnovi ugotovljenih razmer v posameznih državi. Skupno razmišljanje, ki je potrebno za učinkovito prilagajanje, ni dobro razvito, vendar se proces že začenja.
IPCC report, Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, April 2007.
Poročilo IPCC, Vplivi podnebnih sprememb, Prilagajanje in ranljivost, april 2007.
The changing faces of Europe's coastal areas.
Videz obalnih območij Evrope se spreminja.
EEA Report No 6/2006.
Poročilo EEA št. 6/2006.
Impacts of Europe's changing climate — 2008 indicator-based assessment.
Vplivi spreminjajočega podnebja v Evropi — 2008 ocena na podlagi kazalcev.
EEA Report No 4/2008.
Poročilo EEA št. 4/2008.
Adaptation to water shortages in the Alps (in preparation).
Prilagajanje pomanjkanju vode v Alpah (v pripravi).
An upcoming EEA report considers the Alps, often described as the 'water tower of Europe' because 40 % of Europe's fresh water comes from the mountain range.
Poročilo agencije EEA, ki je v pripravi, govori o Alpah, ki se pogosto opisujejo kot „vodni stolp Evrope″, saj 40 % sladke vode v Evropi izvira iz pogorij.
The Alpine region has experienced temperature increases of 1.48 °C in the last hundred years — twice the global average.
V alpski regiji se je v zadnjih sto letih temperatura povečala za 1,48 °C – kar predstavlja dvakrat toliko, kot je svetovno povprečje.
Glaciers are melting, the snowline is rising and the mountain range is gradually changing the way it collects and stores water in winter and distributes it again in the warmer summer months, the report says.
Ledeniki se topijo, meja sneženja se dviguje in v pogorju se postopoma spreminja način zbiranja in shranjevanja vode pozimi ter njenega ponovnega razporejanja v toplejših poletnih mesecih, piše v poročilu.
The Alps are crucial in terms of water supply, not only to the eight alpine countries, but to a huge part of continental Europe, feeding many of the major rivers.
Alpe so ključne za zaloge vode, ne samo za osem alpskih držav, temveč tudi za velik del celinske Evrope, saj napajajo številne velike reke.
As such they act as an iconic symbol of the scale of the threat and the type of response required.
Kot take so živ simbol razsežnosti grožnje in vrste odziva, ki je potreben.
Adaptation strategies and policies must include local, cross border, and EU-wide elements.
Strategije in politike prilagajanja morajo zajemati lokalne, čezmejne elemente in elemente vse EU.
Seemingly unconnected activities, such as farming and tourism, energy production and public health must be considered together.
Na videz nepovezane dejavnosti, kot so kmetovanje in turizem, proizvodnja energije in javno zdravje, je treba upoštevati skupno.
Ultimately, adaptation means reconsidering where and how we live now and in the future.
V končni fazi gre pri prilagajanju za to, da pretehtamo, kje in kako živimo zdaj ter kje in kako bomo živeli v prihodnosti. Od kod bomo dobili vodo?
How we will protect ourselves from extreme events?
Kako se bomo zaščitili pred ekstremnimi dogodki?
EEA studies focusing on land cover show that coastal areas are often where most building is going on. The EEA report, 'The changing faces of Europe's coastal areas' refers to the 'Med wall' and
Raziskave agencije EEA, ki v središče postavljajo pojave na zemeljskem površju, kažejo, da se največ gradenj pogosto odvija na obalnih območjih.
14 / EEA SIGNALS 2009 / BIODIVERSITY: INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
14 / EEA SIGNALI 2009 / BIOTSKA RAZNOVRSTNOST
Killer slugs and other aliens
Ubijalski polži slinarji in druge tuje vrste
Is gardening one of your interests?
Ali je vrtnarjenje eden izmed vaših konjičkov?
If so and you live in central or northern Europe, the 'killer slug' is probably one of your personal enemies.
Če je temu tako in živite v srednji ali severni Evropi, je „ubijalski polž slinar″ verjetno eden izmed vaših osebnih sovražnikov.
The slug, which attacks your herbs and vegetables relentlessly, seems immune to control measures.
Polž, ki brez usmiljenja napada vaše dišavnice in zelenjavo, se zdi imun na ukrepe nadzora.
EEA SIGNALS 2009 / BIODIVERSITY: INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES / 15
EEA SIGNALI 2009 / BIOTSKA RAZNOVRSTNOST / 15 so na primer rjave podgane, ki so prvič prispele z ladjami iz Azije.
The killer slug, known scientifically as Arion lusitanicus, is also called the 'Spanish slug' because it is native to the Iberian peninsula.
Ubijalski polž, v znanstvenih krogih znan kot Arion lusitanicus, se imenuje tudi „španski lazar″, saj je avtohton na Iberskem polotoku.
The slug is hermaphrodite and can spread very quickly.
Polž je hermafrodit in se lahko razširi zelo hitro.
More aggressive than the native black slug it eats weaker slugs.
Je bolj napadalen kot domorodni črni polž in požre šibkejše polže.
The killer slug started to spread around Europe about 30 years ago, travelling as eggs in the soil of potted plants.
Ubijalski polž se je v Evropi začel širiti pred približno 30 leti, in sicer iz jajčec, ki so bila v zemlji lončnic.
This route is still a major source of infestation today.The slug is just one example of a much wider threat to Europe's biodiversity as alien or non-native species establish and spread across the continent as a result of human activities.
To je glavni način njegovega naselitve še danes. Ubijalski polž je le en primer mnogo večje grožnje evropski biotski raznovrstnosti, ko se tuje in nedomorodne vrste zaradi človekove dejavnosti ustalijo in razširijo prek celine.
Most arrive as stowaways and are transported unwittingly around the globe.
Večina jih prispe kot slepi potniki ter se nevede prenaša po vsem svetu.
The UN Convention on Biological Diversity identifies the threat of invasive alien species as one of the major threats to biodiversity worldwide.Alien species have been arriving in new places as long as people have been travelling and trading. Increased
Konvencija ZN o biotski raznovrstnosti ugotavlja, da grožnja napadalnih tujih vrst predstavlja eno izmed najresnejših groženj za biotsko raznovrstnost po vsem svetu.
Invasive alien species often exact a high financial cost from their new homes.
Tuje vrste prihajajo v nove kraje že vse odkar ljudje potujejo in trgujejo.
Alien weeds reduce European agricultural yields and Dutch elm disease — caused by an introduced fungus — has devastated elm trees in the forests of central Europe.
Ameriška siva veverica, ki je prišla v Združeno kraljestvo, ne le izpodriva domorodno rdečo veverico – učinek, ki ga je težko izmeriti v denarju – temveč škoduje tudi iglavcem in zmanjšuje njihovo vrednost stavbenega lesa.
The American grey squirrel, introduced to the United Kingdom, not only out-competes the native red squirrel — an impact hard to value in monetary terms — but damages coniferous trees and reduces their value as timber.The cost in terms of damage and control of invasive alien species in the United States has been estimated at EUR 80 billion each year.
Stroški v smislu škode in nadzora invazivnih tujih vrst so bili v Združenem kraljestvu ocenjeni na 80 milijard EUR letno.
Initial estimates put the cost in Europe at more than EUR 10 billion per year.
Po prvotnih ocenah stroški v Evropi presegajo 10 milijard EUR letno.
This is without considering the cost of major human pathogens (such as HIV or influenza) or exceptional outbreaks of animal diseases.
Te ocene pa ne zajemajo stroškov poglavitnih človeških patogenov (kot sta HIV in influenca) ali izjemnih izbruhov živalskih bolezni.
Management actions to reduce (or exterminate) established invasive alien species are difficult, cumbersome and trade, exploration and colonisation from the 1600s started the invasion proper with notable species such as brown rats arriving for the first time on ships from Asia. About 10 000 alien species have been registered in Europe.
Ukrepi obvladovanja, s katerimi bi zmanjšali (ali iztrebili) prisotne invazivne tuje vrste, so težavni, neučinkoviti in dragi.
Some, such as the potato and the tomato, were introduced on purpose and remain economically important to this day.
Evropska komisija podpira projekte upravljanja z naravo v državah članicah prek Uredbe EU LIFE.
Invasive alien species also change the ecosystems they live in and impact on the other species in those ecosystems.
Sredstva LIFE se vse več uporabljajo za projekte, posvečene invazivnim tujim vrstam,
Biodiversity — the wider context ecosystems and existing native plant and animal species.
Biotska raznovrstnost – širši kontekst živalskimi vrstami.
The problem of invasive species is expected to worsen in the coming century through climate change, increasing trade and tourism.
Problematičnost invazivnih tujih vrst naj bi se po pričakovanjih še zaostrila v prihajajočem stoletju zaradi podnebnih sprememb, večjega obsega trgovanja in turizma.
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on earth.
Biotska raznovrstnost se nanaša na raznolikost življenja na zemlji.
It represents the planet's natural wealth and as such provides the basis for our lives and prosperity.
Predstavlja naravno bogastvo planeta in kot taka osnovo za naše življenje in blaginjo.
It supports many basic services that we depend on such as the water we drink and the air we breathe.
Podpira številne osnovne storitvam, pomembne za človeško življenje, na primer, pitno vodo in zrak, ki ga dihamo.
It helps to pollinate crops, put food on the table, regulate weather patterns and clean up our waste.
Pomaga pri opraševanju kultur, pridelavi hrane, ki jo zaužijemo, uravnavanju vremenskih vzorcev in čiščenju naših odpadkov.
Currently, biodiversity is vanishing at an alarming rate mainly because of how we misuse nature to sustain production, consumption and trade in the globalized economy we live in.
Trenutno biotska raznovrstnost izginja zaskrbljujoče hitro, predvsem zaradi našega zlorabljanja narave, s čimer vzdržujemo proizvodnjo, potrošnjo in trgovino v globaliziranem gospodarstvu, v katerem živimo.
Habitat loss and fragmentation caused by clearing forests and natural areas for housing, roads and agriculture, the draining of wetlands and damning of rivers for agriculture, and clearing the seas of fish, is the primary cause of biodiversity loss.
Izginjanje habitatov in njihova drobitev, ki sta posledica izsekavanja gozdov in spreminjanje naravnih območij zaradi naseljevanja, cest in kmetijstva, izsuševanja mokrišč in zajezovanja rek zaradi kmetijstva ter ulova rib v morjih sta poglavitna vzroka za zmanjšanje biotske raznovrstnosti.
The other main threats to biodiversity come from pollution, climate change and over-exploitation of resources.
Med preostalimi glavnimi grožnjami biotski raznovrstnosti so onesnaževanje, podnebne spremembe in čezmerno izkoriščanje virov.
As the world's population is forecast to grow from 6.7 billion people today to nine billion in 2050, it is expected that the impacts on biodiversity from the current main threats will grow and losses increase.
Po napovedih naj bi se število svetovnega prebivalstva povečalo z današnjih 6,7 milijard na 9 milijard do leta 2050, zato se pričakuje, da se bodo vplivi na biotsko raznovrstnost, ki so posledica obstoječih poglavitnih groženj, okrepili, izgube pa povečale.
Without biodiversity we would not be able to survive. As such it can be seen as an insurance policy provided to us by the planet.
Mnogi naravovarstveniki štejejo invazivne tuje vrste za drugo največjo grožnjo biotski raznovrstnosti.
Its value can be compared with financial markets, where a diverse portfolio of species stocks, as with business stocks, can provide a buffer against disturbances.
Bodisi namerno ali naključno uvedene, lahko take vrste povzročijo opustošenje med ljudmi, ekosistemi ter obstoječimi domorodnimi rastlinskimi in
Invasive alien species are considered by many conservationists to be the second greatest threat to biodiversity worldwide.
Brez biotske raznovrstnosti ne bi mogli preživeti. Predstavljamo si jo lahko kot zavarovalno polico, ki nam jo je dal planet.
Whether introduced deliberately or accidentally, such species can cause havoc to people,
Njeno vrednost lahko primerjamo s finančnimi trgi, kjer lahko raznolik portfelj vrst staleža blaži motnje, podobno kot kot pri poslovnih delnicah.
16 / EEA SIGNALS 2009 / BIODIVERSITY: INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES costly. The European Commission supports nature management projects in the Member States through the EU LIFE Regulation.
16 / EEA SIGNALI 2009 / BIOTSKA RAZNOVRSTNOST proračun za 3-letno obdobje pa znaša že skoraj 14 milijonov EUR.
IAS and Europe — increasing impacts contact can result in strong dermatitis.
Invazivne tuje vrste in Evropa – naraščajoči vplivi
In line with this, the European Commission in the recent communication on biodiversity underlined the need for an 'early warning' mechanism for invasive alien species.
Skladno s tem je Evropska komisija v nedavnem sporočilu o biotski raznovrstnosti poudarila potrebo po mehanizmu „zgodnjega opozorjanja″ za invazivne tuje vrste.
In response, the EEA with its network of member and collaborating countries, is planning to establish a European-wide information system that will identify, detect, assess and respond to new and expanding invasions.
EEA načrtuje ob pomoči mreže držav članic in sodelujočih držav kot odgovor vzpostaviti vseevropski informacijski sistem za identifikacijo, zaznavanje, ocenjevanje in odzivanje na nove invazije in invazije, ki se širijo.
The most-wanted list
Seznam najbolj iskanih
Alien species come in all shapes and sizes.
Tuje vrste so vseh oblik in velikosti.
Some are deliberately introduced and economically important, others have little impact but quite a few have been a disaster.
Nekatere so uvedene namerno in so pomembne za gospodarstvo, druge imajo majhen vpliv, spet tretje, ki jih kar nekaj, pa imajo katastrofalne posledice.
As a result, a first step in developing control and management measures, is to identify the most offensive species so that efforts are directed towards these.
Zato je prvi korak pri pripravljanju ukrepov za nadzor in upravljanje opredelitev najbolj napadalnih vrst, na katere se nato osredotočijo prizadevanja.
In order to get better understanding of the invasive alien species and their impact on European biodiversity the EEA, supported by a number of experts, has established a list of the worst invasive alien species threatening biodiversity in Europe.
Da bi bolje razumeli invazivne tuje vrste in njihov vpliv na evropsko biotsko raznovrstnost, je agencija EEA ob podpori številnih strokovnjakov izoblikovala seznam najhujših invazivnih tujih vrst, ki ogrožajo biotsko raznovrstnost v Evropi.
The list currently contains 163 species or species groups.
Na seznamu je trenutno 163 vrst ali skupin vrst.
Species are added to the list if they are very widespread and/or if they create significant problems for biodiversity and ecosystems in their new habitats.Species on the list, of which vascular plants are the most common with 39 entries, have a significant impact on native biodiversity at the genetic, species or ecosystem levels.
Na seznam se dodajo vrste, ki so zelo razširjene in/ali povzročajo precejšnje težave za biotsko raznovrstnost in ekosisteme v njihovem novem življenjskem prostoru. Vrste na seznamu, med katerimi so najštevilnejše vaskularne rastline, saj jih je kar 39, imajo pomemben vpliv na biotsko raznovrstnost domorodnih vrst s stališča genetike, vrst ali ekosistema.
Many also affect human health and the economy.
Mnoge vplivajo tudi na človeško zdravje in gospodarstvo.
Since 1950, on average more than one of the listed species establishes itself each year and there is no clear sign that the situation is improving (Figure 1).
Od leta 1950 se vsako leto v povprečju več kot ena izmed vrst, ki so na seznamu, ustali in nič ne kaže, da se bo položaj izboljšal (slika 1).
Alien species can be found in all European ecosystems.
Tuje vrste najdemo v vseh evropskih ekosistemih.
Globalisation, particularly increased trade and tourism, have resulted in an upsurge in the number and type of alien species arriving in Europe.Marine and coastal areas are being drastically affected as a result of increased shipping and the building of canals between isolated seas — the Suez canal is still a major source of new species entering the Mediterranean Sea.
Globalizacija, zlasti povečano trgovanje in turizem, sta privedla do skokovitega porasta v številu in tipih tujih vrst, ki prihajajo v Evropo. Na morska in obalna območja imajo velik vpliv povečanje morskega prometa in grajenje kanalov med posameznimi morji – Sueški prekop še vedno predstavlja glavni vir novih vrst, ki vstopajo v Sredozemsko morje.
Released ballast water from ships is such a big source of new organisms that the 'International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships Ballast Water & Sediments' has been established to 'prevent, minimize and ultimately eliminate the transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens' in this manner. Cumulative number of species
Balastne vode, ki jih izpuščajo ladje, so tako velik vir novih organizmov, da je bila ustanovljena „Mednarodna konvencija o nadzoru in upravljanju balastnih voda z ladij in sedimentov″ z namenom preprečevanja, minimizacije in končnega odpravljanja prenosa škodljivih vodnih organizmov in patogenov na ta način.
Control measures
Ukrepi nadzora
The most efficient defence against invasive alien species is prevention — basically a border patrol blocking new species.
Najbolj učinkovita obramba pred invazivnimi tujimi vrstami je preprečevanje – v osnovi gre za varovanje meja, s čimer bi preprečili vstop novih vrst.
A second step is early detection and control.
Drug korak je zgodnje odkrivanje in nadzor.
A striking example is the giant hogweed, Heracleum mantegazzianum, introduced to Europe as an ornamental plant in the 19th century.
Značilen primer je orjaški dežen – Heracleum mantegazzianum, ki je v Evropo prišel kot okrasna rastlina v 19. stoletju.
The plant is now subject to considerable local control efforts as the species has established in grasslands, along railways, roadsides and along river banks.
Za to rastlino se izvajajo obsežna lokalna prizadevanja, saj se je ustalila na traviščih, ob železnicah, cestah in rečnih bregovih.
Forming dense stands the hogweed crowds native plants out.
Z gostim sestojem izpodriva domorodno rastlinje.
EEA SIGNALS 2009 / BIODIVERSITY: INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES / 17
EEA SIGNALI 2009 / BIOTSKA RAZNOVRSTNOST / 17
References
Pogled v prihodnost
Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe. http://www.europealiens.org/.
Predložitev popisa invazivnih tujih vrst za Evropo. http://www.europealiens. org/.
Europe's environment — The fourth assessment. Copenhagen.
Okolje Evrope — Četrta ocena. Kopenhagen.
The species on the list originate from many parts of the world, most notably Asia and North America (Figure 2).
Vrste na seznamu izvirajo iz številnih delov sveta, predvsem iz Azije in Severne Amerike (slika 2).
However, many others have their origin in one part of Europe but have been transported elsewhere on the continent.
Mnoge druge pa izvirajo iz enega dela Evrope in so bile prenesene na drug konec te celine.
Communication from the Commission.
Sporočilo Komisije.
Halting the loss of Biodiversity by 2010 — and beyond.
Zaustavitev zmanjševanja biotske raznovrstnosti do 2010 — in zatem.
Sustaining ecosystem services for human well-being. COM/2006/0216 final.
Ohranjanje storitev ekosistemov za blaginjo ljudi.
How much is Europe spending for invasive alien species?
Koliko Evropa porabi za invazivne tuje vrste? Poročilo za EEA. http:// biodiversity-chm.eea.europa.eu/stories/eufunding- management-and-research-invasivealien.
Introduced Species in the Nordic Countries.
Tujerodne vrste v nordijskih državah. Nord Environment 2000:13.
North and Central America
Severna in Srednja Amerika
Actions necessary to counter invasive alien species include measures for management and restoration which are usually both difficult and costly.
Med ukrepi, ki so potrebni za boj proti invazivnim tujim vrstam, so ukrepi za upravljanje in sanacijo, ki so ponavadi zapleteni in dragi.
For example, control measures against the killer slug have been cumbersome and often have only a local and temporary effect.
Ukrepi za nadzor ubijalskih polžev so bili na primer zelo okorni ter so imeli pogosto samo lokalen in časovno omejen učinek.
The EU also finances studies of these species within the 'programme for research and technological development'.The problem of invasive alien species is not going away.
EU tudi zagotavlja sredstva za raziskave teh vrst v okviru „programa za raziskave in tehnološki razvoj″. Problem invazivnih tujih vrst ne bo izginil sam od sebe.
Globalisation and climate change (species moving because of changes to the natural habitat) means that more and more of us will come into contact with these species.
Zaradi globalizacije in podnebnih sprememb (vrste se selijo zaradi sprememb v njihovih naravnih habitatih) nas bo vse več prišlo v stik s temi vrstami.
Increasing public and political awareness is thus needed to put resources to controlling the main pathways of introduction, monitoring of risk areas for early detection and being prepared for immediate action to eradicate undesirable species.
Treba je okrepiti ozaveščanje javnosti in politično zavest, da se namenijo sredstva za nadzor glavnih poti prihajanja invazivnih vrst, spremljanje rizičnih območij z namenom zgodnjega odkrivanja in da se zagotovi pripravljenost za takojšnje ukrepanje, da bi iztrebili neželene vrste.
Every breath you take
Vsak naš vdih
Air quality in Europe
Kakovost zraka v Evropi
* The characters in this story are fictional.
* Osebe v tej zgodbi so izmišljene.
However the data are real.
Toda podatki so resnični.
The story is set on 27 July 2008 when an air quality warning was issued in Brussels people's health or the environment has still not been reached.
Evropa še vedno ni dosegla cilja – kakovosti zraka, ki ne bi bil škodljiv za zdravje ljudi ali okolje.