natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Training should be given immediately on recruitment, in the event of a change of job or changes in work or where new technologies are introduced into the workplace.
Usposobljeni delavci lahko delajo bolj učinkovito, prav tako usposobljeni delavci bolj čutijo, da jih delodajalci cenijo in spoštujejo.
An employer should inform workers about the safety and health risks they might face, the appropriate preventive actions to be taken to overcome these risks, any first aid measures, as well as the necessary evacuation procedures in the event of serious or imminent danger.
Usposabljanje delavca se mora pričeti takoj po sklenitvi delovnega razmerja, v primeru menjave delovnega mesta ali spremembe dela, ali kadar se na delovnem mestu uvajajo nove tehnologije.
Some tasks or access to areas where there are serious
Pri usposabljanju je treba upoštevati, da: se nekatere naloge ali dostop do območij z resno nevarnostjo, lahko
• dangers can only be given to workers who have specific experience/training and have received the appropriate instructions.
• dodelijo samo delavcem, ki imajo posebne izkušnje ali so zato posebej usposobljeni in ki so prejeli ustrezna navodila.
Typical examples might include electrical work and maintenance activities.
Med značilne primere lahko vključimo električarska in vzdrževalna dela; informacije, navodila in usposabljanje mora biti primerno in razumljivo.
• understandable. For example, you must consider the needs of workers with disabilities who may need information presented in different formats.
Treba je, na primer, upoštevati potrebe delavcev invalidov in jim informacije predstaviti v primerni obliki.
WORKPLACE exertion required.
Pogostost poškodb mladih delavcev je dejansko bistveno večja kot med starejšimi in bolj izkušenimi delavci.
Safety and health measures should be taken to protect workers, adapting work to allow them to work safely, not exclude them – which could be discriminatory.
Na drugi strani pa delavci, ki presežejo določeno starost, morebiti ne zmorejo
A concerned employer is a clever employer.
Skrben delodajalec je pameten delodajalec.
Ensure that you carry out effective health surveillance of your employees and workers in relation to the risks they run in carrying out their duties.
Zagotovite učinkovit zdravstveni nadzor vaših delavcev glede na tveganja, ki so jim izpostavljeni pri opravljanju delovnih nalog.
Health surveillance may be as straightforward as workers reporting about their own health on a regular basis or perhaps regularly undergoing a health assessment by a qualified health professional or even a medical examination from time to time by a suitably qualified doctor.
Zdravstveni nadzor je lahko preprosto redno poročanje delavcev o zdravju, lahko pa je redna ocena zdravja, ki jo opravijo usposobljeni zdravstveni strokovnjaki ali celo občasni zdravniški pregledi, ki jih opravi primerno usposobljen zdravnik.
The employer should also bear in mind that mind that certain categories of workers are also more at risk of accidents than others and take this into account when planning measures.
Med delavci, ki sestavljajo opremo za telefonske centrale, je bila v sedemletnem obdobju zabeležena visoka stopnja odsotnosti z dela zaradi bolezni in precejšnja fluktuacija zaposlenih.
These may include foreign employees that do not speak the same language and are unable to read safety instructions or temporary workers who are unskilled for the job they are asked to undertake.
Delavci so opremo sestavljali na mizi s fiksno višino in pri delu uporabljali električne pištole.
A re-design of the working frame to make it more accessible and provide better posture support at the work station reduced turnover of staff by 75% and sick leave by more than 92%.
Po preureditvi delovnega mesta tako, da je bilo bolj dostopno in je omogočalo boljši položaj (držo telesa), se je fluktuacija zaposlenih znižala za 75%, medtem ko se je odsotnost z dela zaradi bolezni zmanjšala za več kot 92%.
The company estimated that the savings from the changes outweighed the costs by a factor of ten to one.
Podjetje je ocenilo, da so bili prihranki zaradi uvedenih sprememb desetkrat večji od stroškov.
TEST YOUR AWARENESS
PRESKUSITE SVOJO OZAVEŠČENOST
Employee checklist
Kontrolni seznam za delavca
Employers checklist
Kontrolni seznam za delodajalca
Has your employer recently or ever
Ali je vaš delodajalec pred kratkim ali
Is there written information and clear
Ali so na vsakem delovnem mestu pisne
Have you received enough
Ali ste prejeli dovolj informacij in
Has the safety information from
Ali so varnostne informacije iz priročnikov
• equipment manufacturers’handbooks been made available in clear easy-to-read instructions for use in your work-ers’ daily routine ?
• proizvajalcev opreme ves čas na voljo v jasnih navodilih za uporabo, ki so enostavna za branje?
information and training to understand what hazards you are exposed to and how you may be affected ?
se udeležili usposabljanja, tako da razumete katerim nevarnostim ste izpostavljeni in kako te lahko vplivajo na vas?
Is this enough to know what you
Ali je bila opravljena ocena tveganja?
Has a risk assessment been carried out and its findings communicated ?
So bili delavci obveščeni o njenih ugotovitvah?
have to do to keep yourself and others safe ?
narediti za svojo varnost in varnost drugih?
Are workers asked regularly about
Ali delavce redno sprašujete o možnih
Can you spot when things are wrong, potential safety and health problems ?
Ali znate ugotoviti, če je kaj narobe?
• and do you know whom you should report any problems to ?
težavah glede varnosti in zdravja pri delu?
Has all relevant information, instruc-
Ali so delavci dobili vse ustrezne informa-
• Are you aware of the latest first aid and emergency procedures ?
• pomoči in postopke za ravnanje v nujnih primerih?
tion and training on the hazards present in the workplace been provided to workers, including the precautions they should take to protect themselves and their colleagues? ?
cije in navodila in se udeležili usposabljanja o nevarnostih na delovnem mestu, vključno s previdnostnimi ukrepi, ki jih morajo upoštevati za varovanje sebe in svojih sodelavcev?
• Is your employer providing you with the health monitoring services you are entitled to ?
Ali vam vaš delodajalec zagotavlja
• Do all employees know:
Ali vsi delavci vedo:
•how to make full and proper use of all the control measures provided ?
• storitve zdravstvenega nadzora, do katerih ste upravičeni? ?
• to whom they should report problems and defects with any control measures ?
•komu je treba sporočiti težave in pomanjkljivosti kontrolnih ukrepov?
•what they should do in the event of an accident, incident or emergency ?
•kaj morajo narediti v primeru nezgode, nevarnega dogodka ali nujnega primera? ?
A secretary had three months off work because of pains in her neck and right wrist due to the poor positioning of her VDU, chair and desk.
Tajnica je bila tri mesece odsotna z dela zaradi bolečin v vratu in desnem zapestju, ki so bile posledica neustrezne postavitve slikovnega zaslona, stola in mize.
After observation of her at work, the layout of her work station was re-designed (at a cost of €600).
Tajnico so opazovali pri delu in nato njeno delovno mesto preuredili. Stroški preureditve so znašali 600 €.
Better design ensured less stretching and bending. The employee no longer has neck or arm problems and has taken no more time off work.
Zaradi boljše ureditve je bilo potrebnega manj stegovanja in upogibanja, zato delavka ni več imela težav z vratom in zapestjem ter ni bila več odsotna z dela.
Cost savings include the cost of hiring temporary staff and the associated loss of efficiency.
Prihranek stroškov vključuje tudi strošek najetja začasnega osebja in s tem povezano manjšo učinkovitost.
FURTHER PRACTICAL ADVICE
DODATNI PRAKTIČNI NASVETI
Keep a record of incidences and accidents
Vodite evidenco nevarnih pojavov in nezgod pri delu
Speak to your employees and workers about potential ‘near misses’when something goes wrong.
Pogovarjajte se s svojimi delavci, ko pride do nevarnega pojava in »bi se skoraj zgodila nezgoda pri delu.«
Draw up, for the responsible authorities and in accordance with national laws and/or practices,
Za pristojne organe pripravite v skladu z nacionalno zakonodajo in/ali praksami poročila o nezgodah pri
• reports on occupational accidents sustained by your workers.
• delu, ki so se zgodile vašim delavcem.
You may consider using an outside consultant to conduct an accident investigation.
Lahko razmislite o zunanjem svetovalcu, ki opravi preiskavo nezgode pri delu.
• try to understand why the accident or ‘near miss’occurred and what actions can be taken to make sure it doesn't happen again.
• prišlo do nezgode ali zakaj bi skoraj prišlo do nezgode. Ugotovite, kako bi morali ukrepati, da se to ne bo več zgodilo.
Look out for potential‘trouble spots’
Bodite pozorni na možna «težavna mesta»
• infrequently, but result in disabling injuries.
Bodite pozorni na delovna mesta, kjer se nezgode pri delu pojavljajo pogosto, ali kjer se te ne pojavljajo pogosto, vendar bi lahko povzročile invalidnost.
• or exposure to harmful substance are potentially severe.
Zavedajte se možnosti resnih poškodb ali poklicnih bolezni, ki so lahko posledica nezgod pri delu, nevarnih razmer ali izpostavljenosti zdravju škodljivim snovem.
Modified jobs: new hazards may be associated with changes in job procedures.
Zavedajte se, da so spremembe delovnih postopkov lahko povezane z novimi nevarnostmi.
Infrequently performed jobs: workers may be at greater risk when undertaking non-routine jobs.
Zavedajte se, da so delavci pri opravljanju del, ki se ne opravljajo pogosto, izpostavljeni večjemu tveganju.
Build safety and health into your standard practice
Vgradite varnost in zdravje pri delu v vašo redno prakso
Regularly track and monitor workplace safety and health: methods include workplace discussions, surveys, inspections, analyses of accident records, employee surveys.
Redno sledite in spremljajte stanje na področju varnosti in zdravja na posameznem delovnem mestu s pomočjo razgovorov o delovnem mestu, pregledov, analize evidenc o nezgodah pri delu, anketiranja delavcev.
Screen the use of toxic materials, complex machinery and equipment, as well as any construction or redevelopment work which could pose problems.
Spremljajte uporabo strupenih materialov, zapletenih strojev in opreme, ter gradnjo in prenavljanja, ki bi lahko povzročili težave.
Analyse all relevant data: Material Safety Data Sheets, accident and illness records, exposure monitoring records, and registers of injuries, illnesses, grievances and complaints made to management.
Analizirajte vse ustrezne podatke, na primer, varnostne liste materialov, evidence nezgod pri delu in poklicnih bolezni, evidence o spremljanju izpostavljenosti, evidence pritožb vodstvu.
Undertake routine inspections of all workplaces and not just the high-risk ones! !
Redno pregledujte vsa delovna mesta in ne samo delovna mesta z velikim tveganjem! !
Involve workers
Vključite delavce
The main responsibilities to ensure safety and health lie with you, the employer, but workers also have a vital part to play.
Glavno odgovornost za zagotavljanje varnosti in zdravja pri delu imate vi, delodajalec, vendar imajo tudi delavci zelo pomembno vlogo.
Worker participation in the accident prevention process is a legal obligation and a major element in ensuring its success! !
Sodelovanje delavcev v procesu preprečevanja nezgod pri delu je zakonska obveznost, hkrati pa tudi glavni element za uspešnost tega procesa! !
So it is your first and foremost responsibility to ensure that your employees are intimately involved, with you, in the safety and health decision-making process. It is your duty to make sure that they:
Vaša najpomembnejša naloga je torej zagotoviti, da so vaši delavci, skupaj z vami, vključeni v odločanje o varnosti in zdravju pri delu.
Make correct use of machinery, apparatus, tools, equipment and substances supplied to them;
Vaša dolžnost je zagotoviti, da: pravilno uporabljajo stroje, aparate, orodja, opremo in snovi, s katerimi delajo;
Make correct use of personal protective equipment supplied to them, returning it to its proper place after use;
• pravilno uporabljajo osebno varovalno opremo in da jo po uporabi vrnejo na ustrezno mesto;
Leave in place safety devices fitted to plant and machinery, and use such safety devices correctly;Immediately inform you, or the persons responsible, of any dangerous work situation and any
• varnostne naprave pustijo pritrjene na opremi in strojih ter da takšne varnostne naprave pravilno
• • shortcomings in the protection arrangements;
• uporabljajo; o nevarnih delovnih razmerah ali pomanjkljivostih v zvezi z varnostjo pri delu takoj obvestijo vas ali
Cooperate in all tasks imposed by safety and health regulations and cooperate actively with you, the
• odgovorne osebe; sodelujejo v vseh nalogah, ki jih nalagajo varnostni in zdravstveni predpisi, in aktivno sodelujejo z vami,
• employer, to ensure that the working environment and working conditions are safe and pose no risk to.
• delodajalcem, da zagotovijo varno delovno okolje in delovne razmere brez tveganja.
There are a number of ways you can motivate your employees, so that taking safety seriously comes naturally to them – and makes the process easier for you, too:
Delavce lahko motivirate na različne načine, tako da bodo varnost jemali resno in s tem tudi vam olajšali zagotavljanje varnosti in zdravja pri delu: gradite varnost v kulturo in tradicijo vašega podjetja;
Build safety into the culture and tradition of your business;
• določite jasne varnostne standarde in meritve;
Establish clear safety standards and measurements;
• in tekmovanja; osebo, ki obvesti, da je nekaj narobe, nagradite in ne kaznujte;
Encourage your employees to point out potential improvements
• spodbujajte vzdušje ozaveščenosti:
Reward, not penalise, the whistle-blower;Respond fast to concerns and suggestions, keep employees informed;Encourage an atmosphere of awareness:• place safety posters, pamphlets in the workplace• inform workers of their rights and responsibilities• invite guest speakers• offer work safety training programmes• publicise other workplace problems in your region and industry.
• obvestite javnost o težavah, ki jih ima vaša gospodarska panoga pri zagotavljanju varnosti in zdravja pri delu.
RISK ASSESSMENT:
OCENA TVEGANJA:
What is a risk assessment ?Risk assessment refers to the process of evaluating risks to workers' safety and health from hazards at the workplace.
Kaj je ocena tveganja ?Ocena tveganja se nanaša na postopek ovrednotenja tveganja za varnost in zdravje delavcev.
A risk assessment A risk assessment should match the hazards, risks and potential harm.
Ocena tveganja Ocena tveganja bi morala biti ustrezna glede na nevarnosti, tveganja in morebitno škodo.
For example, a large chemicals plant is likely to have a very technical system of assessment, whereas a small enterprise carrying out low-risk activities needs a simple straightforward system.
Velik obrat za kemikalije bo verjetno imel zelo tehničen sistem ocenjevanja, majhno podjetje, ki opravlja dejavnosti z nizkim tveganjem, pa enostaven in preprost sistem.
What is the purpose of a risk assessment ?Many European Directives relating to safety and health at work require an assessment of risks, but even without a legal requirement to perform an assessment, it is good practice to do so as it allows effective measures to be taken to protect workers' health.
Kaj je namen ocene tveganja ?Številne evropske direktive, ki se nanašajo na varnost in zdravje pri delu, zahtevajo oceno tveganja. Ne glede na zakonske zahteve je to dobro storiti, ker ocena tveganja omogoča sprejetje učinkovitih ukrepov za varovanje zdravja delavcev.
The risk assessment should:• Identify the hazards;• Identify the workers potentially at risk from those hazards;• Estimate the risks involved;• Consider whether these risks can be eliminated, and if not;• Make a judgement on additional measures needed (if any) to prevent or reduce the risks.
Ocena tveganja mora:• opredeliti nevarnosti; • opredeliti delavce, ki so izpostavljeni možnemu tveganju zaradi teh nevarnosti; • predvideti možna tveganja;• presoditi, ali bi bilo ta tveganja mogoče odpraviti in če ne: • presoditi, kateri (morebitni) dodatni ukrepi so potrebni, da se tveganja preprečijo ali zmanjšajo.
The accident prevention process starts with the reduction and, where feasible, total elimination of potential risks, followed by the implementation of collective prevention measures and, in the final instance, personal protection solutions.
Postopek preprečevanja nezgod pri delu se začne z zmanjšanjem in, kjer je to izvedljivo, popolno odpravo možnih tveganj. Sledi izvajanje kolektivnih preventivnih ukrepov, medtem ko ukrepi za osebno varovanje predstavljajo zadnjo možnost.
By identifying the hazards and evaluating the risks, the employer, or person in control of the work should be able to:
Z opredelitvijo nevarnosti in ovrednotenjem tveganja bi delodajalec ali oseba, ki nadzira delo, morala biti sposobna:
• Take a decision as to the protective measures required, taking into account relevant legal requirements;• Check whether the measures in place are adequate;• Prioritise any further measures found to be required;• Show that an informed judgement has been made on workers' safety and health (e.g. to workers or to the regulatory authorities);• See whether an improvement in the level of protection to workers has been achieved.
• določiti potrebne varnostne ukrepe ob upoštevanju ustreznih zakonskih zahtev; • preveriti ali so uvedeni ukrepi ustrezni; • določiti prednostni vrstni red nadaljnjih ukrepov, za katere se ugotovi, da so potrebni; • pojasniti delavcem in upravnim organom, da je bila presoja glede varnosti in zdravja delavcev narejena na podlagi prejetih informacij; • ugotoviti ali je bilo doseženo izboljšanje ravni varnosti in zdravja delavcev.
A STEPWISE APPROACH TO RISK ASSESSMENT
PRISTOP K OCENI TVEGANJA PO KORAKIH
Look for the hazards Think about the work that is done and the materials, equipment, and chemicals that are used and produced.
Opredelite nevarnosti Razmislite o delu, ki se opravlja, ter o materialih, opremi in kemikalijah, ki se uporabljajo in izdelujejo.
What can cause harm?
Kaj je lahko škodljivo? Na primer:
• Heavy lifting that can lead to back injuries• Working in a noisy environment that can cause deafness• Working in a high-pressure office with a bullying manager, leading to work-related stress
• premeščanje težkih bremen lahko povzroči poškodbe hrbta; • delo v hrupnem okolju lahko povzroči okvare sluha; delo v pisarni pod velikim časovnim pritiskom in z vodjem,
• Operating a dangerous machine without any training.
• ki ustrahuje, povzroči z delom povezani stres; upravljanje nevarnega stroja brez usposabljanja.
Insist that your employees inform you of any problems they are aware of in the workplace.
Vztrajajte, da vas zaposleni obvestijo o vseh težavah na delovnem mestu, ki jih zaznajo.
Decide who may be harmed and how Think about everyone who may be hurt.
Ugotovite, kdo se lahko poškoduje in kako Razmislite o vseh, ki bi se lahko poškodovali.
This means not just employees, but also contractors, self-employed persons, and members of the public.
To ne pomeni samo vaše delavce, ampak tudi zunanje izvajalce in obiskovalce.
Evaluate the risks and decide on action Is someone likely to be harmed ?
Ovrednotite tveganja in odločite o ravnanju Ali obstaja nevarnost, da se bo nekdo poškodoval?
If someone could be hurt:
Če bi bil kdo lahko poškodovan:
• Can the hazard be removed completely ?• Can the risk be controlled ?• Can protective measures be taken to protect the whole workforce ?
• ali je možno nevarnost popolnoma odpraviti? • ali je tveganje mogoče nadzirati?
Is personal protective equipment needed to protect the
ali je mogoče sprejeti varnostne ukrepe za varovanje
• worker from a risk that cannot be adequately controlled by collective preventive measures ?
• delavca pred tveganjem, ki ga ni mogoče ustrezno obvladati s kolektivnimi preventivnimi ukrepi? ?
Take action After completing the risk assessment, list the preventive measures needed in order of priority, then take action, involving the workers and their representatives in the process.
Ukrepajte Po zaključku ocene tveganja pripravite prednostni vrstni red potrebnih preventivnih ukrepov, nato ukrepajte in v postopek vključite delavce in njihove predstavnike.
The steps to reduce the risk to workers should be part of the day-to-day work process.Talk to the workers and worker representatives.
Postopki za zmanjšanje tveganja za delavce naj bodo del vsakodnevnega delovnega procesa.
Involve them in the risk assessment process and tell them what you are doing to reduce risk.
Pogovar. Pogovarjajte se z delavci in predstavniki delavcev.
Review the findings Ways of working, along with changes in equipment and chemicals specifications.
Preglejte ugotovitve Načini dela, skupaj s spremembami opreme in specifikacijami kemikalij.
When a significant change takes place, check to make sure that there are no new hazards that need controlling.
Kadar pride do znatne spremembe, preverite, ali so se pojavile nove nevarnosti, ki bi jih bilo treba nadzirati.
THE EIGHT STEPS OF RISK ASSESSMENT
OSEM KORAKOV OCENE TVEGANJA
Identifying hazards – what might go wrong? ?
Opredelitev nevarnosti. Kaj bi lahko šlo narobe?
Judging who might be harmed and how seriously, including
Presoja o tem, kdo bi bil lahko poškodovan in kako resno, vključno z delavci, izvajalci, javnostjo.
Deciding how likely it is to happen.
Ugotovitev o tem, kakšna je verjetnost, da se to zgodi.
Deciding how these risks can be eliminated or reduced – can
Ugotovitev o tem, kako bi bilo ta tveganja mogoče odpraviti ali zmanjšati.
• facilities, work methods, equipment or training be improved ?
Ali bi bilo mogoče izboljšati objekte in naprave, delovne metode, opremo ali usposabljanje?
• Setting priorities for action based on size of risk, numbers affected etc.
Določitev prednostnih nalog za ukrepanje na podlagi velikosti tveganja, števila prizadetih itd.
Implementing control measures.
Izvajanje kontrolnih ukrepov.
Reviewing, to check that control measures are working.
Pregled in preverjanje, ali kontrolni ukrepi delujejo.
• information on risk assessment results.
Vključitev posvetovanja z zaposlenimi v proces ocenjevanja tveganja in njihovo obveščanje o rezultatih ocene tveganja.
Taking action on your level of risk:
Ukrepajte glede na raven tveganja:
If your risks are insignificant, then your assessment is complete.
Če je tveganje zanemarljivo, je vaša ocena tveganja končana.
If your risks are controlled to a set standard then, if possible,
Če tveganja obvladujete v skladu s standardi, po možnosti
Operators at a whisky bottling plant where one brand of whisky needed to have a brass wire mesh fitted round it found the angle at which they needed to do the job was imposing repetitive strain injury and the danger of upper limb injuries.
Delavci v obratu za stekleničenje viskija, kjer je bilo treba za določeno vrsto viskija okrog steklenice pritrditi medeninasto mrežico, so ugotovili, da imajo zaradi kota, pod katerim so morali opravljati delo, ponavljajoče poškodbe zaradi naprezanja in da obstaja nevarnost poškodbe zgornjih okončin.
With the assessment complete, make sure the prevention strategy is in place.
Ko je ocena končana, poskrbite, da je vzpostavljena strategija preprečevanja.
• If risks are currently controlled, but the control system
• Če tveganja obvladujete, vendar bi se sistem nadzora lahko napačno uporabil, določite ukrepe, ki so potrebni za izboljšanje sistemov varovanja in določite postopke za ravnanje v nujnih primerih, če bi vendarle prišlo do napake.
Six new machines were installed to do the twisting of the wire once the mesh had been fitted (at a total cost of €40,000.)
Nameščenih je bilo šest novih strojev za zavijanje žice potem, ko je bila mrežica že nameščena (skupni strošek 40.000 €).
Estimated efficiency gains to the business of €60,000 per annum.
Ocenjeno je bilo, da se je dobiček povečal za 60.000 € na leto