natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
These provisions essentially correspond to what the European Parliament had long been calling for: the Minister will indeed be able to increase the consistency and e / c i en c y of the Union ' s in t e r n a t i on a l a c t i on , p r o m o t e the emergence of a genuine common foreign policy and raise the Union's international pro«lebygivingita`face'.Thethreefoldpoliticalresponsibilityof the Minister, to the European Parliament, the Council and the President of the Commission, is positive.
(1) Ena glavnih institucionalnih novosti Ustave je oblikovanje položaja ministra za zunanje zadeve Unije (ki v enem položaju združuje sedanja položaja visokega predstavnika za skupno zunanjo in varnostno politiko in komisarja, odgovornega za zunanje odnose), ki ustreza cilju, da bi zagotovili doslednost in prepoznavnost celotne zunanje dejavnosti Unije. Minister ima dvojno institucionalno funkcijo: zadolžen je za vodenje skupne zunanje in varnostne politike Unije in zato predseduje svetu za zunanje zadeve, predstavlja predloge in zagotavlja izvajanje odločitev Sveta; hkrati je podpredsednik Komisije, ki prevzema odgovornosti te institucije v zunanjih odnosih in usklajuje vse vidike zunanje dejavnosti Unije.
But potential c on ‹ i c t s b e t w e en the Minister and the President of the Commission or the President of the European Council remain possible, and his hybrid status may give rise to con‹ictsofloyaltytothe Council and Commission.
Pomagala mu bo evropska služba za zunanjepolitično delovanje, ki bo združevala osebje Komisije, generalnega sekretariata Sveta in nacionalnih diplomatskih služb in ki bo ustanovljena z odločitvijo Sveta po mnenju Evropskega parlamenta in odobritvi Komisije.
The Court of Justice of the European Union
(2) Je torej član Komisije, vendar ima poseben status, ki se kaže v postopkih njegovega imenovanja in možnega odstopa: s soglasjem predsednika Komisije ga imenuje Evropski svet, ki odloča s kvalicirano večino; Evropski svet ga lahko odstavi po istem postopku in minister odstopi, če predsednik Komisije to zahteva od njega.
The Constitution also enhances the role of the Union's judicial wing, which it calls the `Court of Justice of the European Union', comprising the `Court of Justice', the `General Court' and possible `specialised courts', which may be instituted by a European law23.
Kot član Komisije je odvisen od glasovanja Evropskega parlamenta o imenovanju kolegija in skupnemu odstopu, če Evropski parlament sprejme nezaupnico.
In future, acts of the European Council and of the agencies will be subject to judicial control to ensure their legality. The conditions for the admissibility of complaints by natural and legal persons about regulatory acts are eased.
(3) Te določbe v bistvenem delu ustrezajo tistemu, kar je Evropski parlament že dolgo zagovarjal: minister bo namreč lahko okrepil medsebojno povezanost in učinkovitost mednarodne dejavnosti Unije, spodbujal pojav resnične skupne zunanje politike, izboljšal prepoznavnost Unije na mednarodni ravni, ker ji bo dal „obraz”.
There will be no restrictions on the bringing of actions against acts adopted in the «eldofjudicialcooperationincriminalmattersandpolicecooperation, except as regards reviewing the validity and proportionality of police operations and the exercise by States of their responsibilities for maintaining public order and internal security.
Trojna politična odgovornost ministra do Evropskega parlamenta, Sveta in predsednika Evropske komisije je pozitivna.
Finally, although the acts adopted in the «eldofthecommonforeignandsecuritypolicycannotinthemselves be the subject of legal proceedings, the Court nonetheless has jurisdiction to consider the legality of European decisions providing for restrictive measures again legal and natural persons.
Vendar pa so možni morebitni spori med ministrom in predsednikom Komisije ali predsednikom Evropskega sveta in zaradi hibridnega statusa se lahko znajde v zadregi glede lojalnosti med Svetom in Komisijo.
THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT`S OPINION ON THE EUROPEAN CONSTITUTION
Ustava krepi vlogo sodne oblasti Unije, ki jo imenuje „Sodišče Evropske unije”, ki ga sestavljajo „Evropsko sodišče”, „Visoko sodišče” in morebitna
Other institutions and advisory bodies
Druge institucije in posvetovalni organi
The provisions concerning the European Central Bank (elevated to the rank of an institution of the Union) and the Court of Auditors remain virtually unchanged.
(1) Določbe o Evropski centralni banki (povzdignjeno na raven institucije Unije) in Računskem sodišču ostajajo skoraj nespremenjene.
However, it may be noted that the members of the Bank's Executive Board are in future to be appointed by the Council acting by a quali«edmajorityandnolongerunanimously.
Pripomnimo samo, da člane izvršilnega odbora banke odslej imenuje Svet, ki odloča s kvalicirano večino in ne več soglasno.
However, the Committee of the Regions acquires the right to bring an action on grounds of a violation of the principle of subsidiarity by a legislative act for the adoption of which the Constitution requires it to be consulted.
Vendar pripomnimo, da Odbor regij pridobi pravico, da zaradi kršitve načela subsidiarnosti sproži pravni postopek zoper zakonodajne akte, za katere Ustava predvideva posvetovanje z njim.
The Constitution brings about signi«cantprogressintermsofsimpli«cationand rationalisation of decision-making procedures and instruments for action.
Tako lahko zaključimo, da kljub nekaterim vidikom, za katere ne moremo vnaprej oceniti učinkovitosti predlaganih sprememb, Ustava pojasnjuje
THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT`S OPINION ON THE EUROPEAN CONSTITUTION
EVROPSKI PARLAMENT IN EVROPSKA USTAVA in krepi sposobnost institucij ter hkrati ohranja „metodo Skupnosti” in institucionalno ravnovesje, kar mora Uniji omogočiti, da se odzove na nov položaj, ki je nastal zaradi širitve, in se uveljavi v mednarodnih okvirih;
The Constitution also establishes a clear hierarchy of instruments.
Akti in postopki: doslednejši, natančnejši in razumljivejši sistem
The Commission is recognised as the European executive, which has the duty to take the necessary measures to implement legislative acts at European level, while the Council only exceptionally performs executive responsibilities, in the cases where the Constitution expressly so determines, or when legislative acts, stating due reasons, so specify.
Pridobitve, kar zadeva učinkovitost postopkov, njihovo demokratično legitimnost in preglednost, so očitne. Celo spremembe terminologije so velike, zato da bi državljanu omogočili boljše razumevanje tega, kdo odloča o čem v Uniji in kako.
The creation of a category of delegated regulations, which involve power being delegated by the legislative authority (the European Parliament and the Council) to the Commission, will be able to render the Union's action more e/cient,astherewillbenoneedforthelegislaturetoconcernitselfwith technical details which can be dealt with more quickly and appropriately by the executive; delegation of powers is accompanied by the requisite guarantees of control by the legislative authority (by means of the `call-back' procedure), and complete equality between the European Parliament and the Council is ensured24.
Tipologija pravnih instrumentov je poenostavljena in razjasnjena: potrjenih je šest vrst pravnih sredstev: zakon, okvirni zakon, uredba, sklep, priporočilo in mnenje. Gre za preproste, jasne izraze in oznaka evropski/evropska, dodana vsaki od teh vrst, bo državljanu omogočila razumeti, za kaj gre, ker imajo ti izrazi ustreznico v terminologiji, ki se uporablja v večini držav članic (zakon je normativni akt, ki izhaja iz parlamenta, uredba je normativni akt izvršilnega organa), s čimer se končuje dosedanja terminološka nejasnost in nenatančnost.
The main features of the ordinary legislative procedure areas follows: the power of initiative rests withthe Commission (except in the case of certain topics in the «eldoftheareaoffreedom, security and justice, where the Commission shares it with at least 1/4 of the Member States), there is codecision by the European Parliament and the Council (some small changes which have been made to the old codecision procedure are intended precisely to stress the complete equality between the two institutions), and the Council adopts its decision by a quali«edmajority.
Komisija je priznana kot evropski izvršilni organ, katerega naloga je sprejemati ukrepe, potrebne za izvajanje zakonodajnih aktov na evropski ravni, saj Svet le izjemoma opravlja izvršilne naloge, ko Ustava to izrecno določa ali ko zakonodajni akti to podrobno določajo in pravilno utemeljujejo..
Regrettably, there are still too many cases in which special legislative procedures apply, so that one institution adopts an act withthe participation of the other institution - which may range from assent to mere consultation
Novi zakonodajni postopki: Ustava jasno postavlja v ospredje običajni zakonodajni postopek (ki ustreza sedanjemu soodločanju), gre za glavni
There are three cases in which the European
Svet na vseh teh področjih ne more več odločati sam, temveč samo v soglasju z Evropskim parlamentom.
Parliament may enact laws withthe assent of the Council25.
Imamo tri primere zakonov Evropskega parlamenta, ki se sprejmejo z odobritvijot Sveta25.
In contrast, there are 28 cases in which provision is made for Council laws26.
Primerov zakonov Sveta je 28.26 Zakon o letnem proračunu je predmet posebnega postopka skupnega odločanja Evropskega parlamenta in
The law containing the annual budget is subject to a special procedure for joint decision-making by the European Parliament and the Council (cf. point 8 below).
Sveta (glej spodaj točko 8).
Despite these exceptions, the Constitution undeniably represents distinct progress in terms of the e / c i en c y and d e m o c r a t i c l e g i t i m a c y of European l a w - m a k in g .
Kljub tem izjemam je gotovo, da Ustava prinaša jasen napredek na področju učinkovitosti in demokratične legitimnosti evropske zakonodaje.
This progress is accompanied by similar progress regarding the adoption of the international agreements concluded by the Union, thanks to the extension of the application of the quali«edmajorityvotingprocedureinthe Council and the requirement that the assent of the European Parliament be obtained (for example on agreements implementing the common commercial policy).
Ta napredek poleg tega spremlja podoben napredek glede sprejemanja mednarodnih sporazumov, ki jih sklene Unija, zaradi širitve uporabe postopka glasovanja s kvalicirano večino v Svetu in zahteve po odobritvi Evropskega parlamenta (na primer, kar zadeva sporazume, ki vzpostavljajo skupno trgovinsko politiko).
The Convention had proposed a three-stage model which was simple and balanced:
Eno od vprašanj, ki je povzročilo največ razprav v Konvenciji in medvladni konferenci, je bilo vprašanje reforme sistema financ Unije, zlasti
THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT`S OPINION ON THE EUROPEAN CONSTITUTION quali«edmajorityasfromthe«rst«nancialframeworkaftertheentryinto force of the Constitution);
EVROPSKI PARLAMENT IN EVROPSKA USTAVA proračunskega postopka.
- the two institutions would decide jointly on the annual budget: after a «rstreadingineachinstitution,whichcouldleadtotheconveningofa conciliation committee, Parliament would have the last word in the event of disagreement, on condition that a very large majority was in favour; otherwise, the Council's position would prevail.
Šlo je za vzpostavitev sistema, ki bi v prihodnje omogočil ustrezno, pregledno in demokratično financiranje Unije, predvsem pa bi utrdil moč Evropskega parlamenta kot veje proračunskega organa, tako da bi mu podelil odločilno besedo pri celotnem proračunu Unije, tudi pri odhodkih, ki so bili do sedaj uvrščeni med „obvezne”, kakršni so, denimo, odhodki skupne kmetijske in ribiške politike.
This meant that the Member States would continue to hold the key to the determination of the amount and nature of the Union's revenue, that the two arms of the budgetary authority would have to agree on the programming of expenditure and that, in the event of disagreement on the annual budget, the European Parliament could have the last word on overall expenditure (the distinction between compulsory and non-compulsory expenditure being dropped), albeit within the limits of the ceilings imposed by the «nancialframework.Inpractice,thetwoinstitutionswouldthushavebeenstrongly encouraged to reconcile their views.
Dokončni rezultat, četudi v splošnem pozitiven, je nekoliko spremenila medvladna konferenca, ki ni v celoti sledila predlogom Konvencije.
T h a n k s p a r t i c u l a r l y t o the e . o r t s of the r ep r e s en t a t i v e s of the European P a r l i a m en t and the I t a l i a n and Irish Presidencies, it proved possible to «ndacompromisewhichpreserves the essential aspects of Parliament's rights in this «eld:
- Svet bi še naprej soglasno določal (z naknadno pridobljeno privolitvijo držav članic glede na njihova ustavna pravila) bistvene elemente in
- the Convention's proposals on own resources were accepted;
27 zgornjo mejo lastnih sredstev
- the «nancialframeworkmustalwaysbeadoptedbythetwoinstitutions,but the Council will decide unanimously until the European Council, also acting unanimously, decides that the Council may decide by a quali«edmajority;
- Evropski parlament in Svet bi skupaj določala finančne perspektive, katerim bi se z določitvijo večletnega finančnega okvira podelil ustavni značaj (Svet bi od prvega finančnega okvira po začetku veljavnosti Ustave odločal s kvalicirano večino);
- the annual budget is also adopted jointly by the European Parliament and the Council, but in the event of disagreement the procedure must begin again withthe submission by the Commission of a new draft budget.
- obe instituciji bi skupaj določali letni proračun: po prvi obravnavi v vsaki od institucij, ki bi lahko privedla do sklica spravnega odbora, bi v primeru nesoglasja odločal Parlament, če bi imel zelo veliko večino, sicer bi prevladalo stališče Sveta.
But the retention of the unanimity requirement for the adoption of the multiannual «nancial
Predvsem zaradi prizadevanj predstavnikov Evropskega parlamenta ter italijanskega in irskega
THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT`S OPINION ON THE EUROPEAN CONSTITUTION
- Evropski parlament in Svet morata skupaj sprejeti tudi letni proračun, vendar se bo moral v primeru nesoglasja postopek začeti znova, z novim osnutkom proračuna, ki ga predstavi Komisija.
Progress on sectoral policies
Napredek pri področnih politikah
Part III of the Constitution, concerning `The policies and functioning of the Union', consists of 322 articles and is the largest part.
Tretji del Ustave o„Politikah in delovanju Unije”, ki ga sestavlja 322 členov, je najobsežnejši.
Thus the changes made in Part III are essentially consequences of the choices made in Part I of the Constitutional Treaty regarding the abolition of the `pillars', the powers of the Union, the institutions, decision-making procedures and legal instruments.
Skoraj v celoti vsebuje določbe, ki so že del sedanjih pogodb in ki so povezane z opredelitvijo in izvajanjem področnih politik ter predvsem s pravnimi podlagami za delovanje Unije na vsakem od področij.
This in itself may already constitute a guarantee of greater e / c i en c y , d e m o c r a t i c l e g i t i m a c y and t r a n s p a r en c y of the Union ' s a c t i on in view of the positive character of the changes which we have analysed above.
Pri tem lahko ugotovimo, da bi bilo mogoče mnoge od teh določb poenostaviti ali prilagoditi spremembam, ki so se prijele, odkar so bile napisane.
It may incidentally be noted that an initial chapter has been introduced which lists the horizontal or cross-cutting clauses which apply across the board to all policies.
Vendar v resnici pooblastilo, ki ga je Evropski svet podelil Konvenciji, ne omogoča spreminjanja temeljev teh določb.
The Area of Freedom, Security and Justice
Tako so spremembe, uvedene v III. delu, predvsem posledica izbir na ravni I. dela ustavne pogodbe glede ukinitve „stebrov”, pristojnosti Unije, institucij, postopkov odločanja in pravnih sredstev.
In the internal policy sphere, the provisions dealing withthe area of freedom, security and justice are those where the greatest changes are to be found, with, in particular, the pillar structure being discontinued and judicial cooperation in criminal matters and police cooperation (which, up to now, have come under the third pillar) being brought under the `Community' method through the extension of the ordinary legislative procedure and quali«edmajority
Prav zato so spremembe, razen pri primerih z območja svobode, varnosti in pravice (okvirno, nekdanji„tretji steber”) ter zunanjih odnosov, predvsem skupne zunanje in varnostne politike, kjer so spremembe najobčutljivejše, na drugih področnih politikah povezane predvsem z veljavnimi postopki in razdelitvijo pravnih temeljev na zakonodajne in nezakonodajne akte.
The policy objectives in this area are clari«edandde«nedmoreprecisely.Union action is the area is explicitly made subject to compliance with fundamental rights.
To lahko ob upoštevanju pozitivne narave prej analiziranih sprememb že samo po sebi zagotavlja večjo učinkovitost, demokratično legitimnost in preglednost pri delovanju Unije.
Access to justice is enshrined as a general objective.
Sicer pa bomo priča uvedbi začetnega poglavja, v katerem bodo zbrane „horizontalne določbe”, ki so prečno povezane z vsemi politikami.
Mutual recognition of the various systems and the approximation of laws are recognised as two parallel means of implementing policies.
Preučili bomo glavne vidike teh sprememb, da bi ugotovili, ali Uniji omogočajo učinkovitejše in bolj demokratično delovanje na področjih, o katerih se govori.
The Constitution also marks a major step forward as regards judicial cooperation in both civil and criminal matters and of police cooperation, mainly through the application of the ordinary legislative procedure.
(1) Pri notranjih politikah Ustava prav na območju svobode, varnosti in pravice s posplošitvijo običajnega zakonodajnega postopka in glasovanja s kvalicirano večino28uvaja največ novosti, predvsem z odpravo stebrne strukture in vključitvijo sodelovanja v kazenskopravnih zadevah in policijskega sodelovanja (kar je doslej izhajalo še iz „tretjega stebra”) v logiko Skupnosti.
However, the Council may itself decide unanimously to extend the ordinary legislative procedure to cover some aspects of family law with cross-border implications.
Vzajemno priznavanje različnih sistemov in približevanje zakonodaj sta dve vzporedni sredstvi uresničevanja politik.
The Constitution even provides that the Council may, acting unanimously, identify other aspects of criminal procedure and other areas of crime to which the ordinary legislative procedure may apply.
Politike o azilu, priseljevanju, nadzoru meja in vizumih veljajo za skupne politike Unije, ki jih vodijo načela solidarnosti in pravične porazdelitve odgovornosti med države članice.
Some Member States were strongly opposed to this, despite the guarantee that European legislation in this area must respect the fundamental aspects of the Member States' legal systems. Therefore, in order to secure agreement, the Intergovernmental Conference made provision for an `emergency brake' mechanism which provided the Member States that were having problems in this area with all the guarantees they required, without completely ruling out any further progress.
(3) Tako je pravosodno civilno sodelovanje razširjeno na vse zadeve s čezmejnimi posledicami in temelji na vzajemnem priznavanju sodnih in zunajsodnih odločitev, pri tem pa se za morebitne ukrepe približevanja zakonodaj uporablja običajni zakonodajni postopek, razen v zadevah družinskega prava, kjer velja pravilo soglasja (zakon Sveta z navadnim mnenjem Evropskega parlamenta).
Under this arrangement, should a Member State consider that a legislative proposal jeopardises `fundamental aspects' of its legal system, it can ask for the matter to be referred to the European Council.
Vendar pa lahko Svet sam soglasno odloči, da običajni zakonodajni postopek razširi na določene vidike družinskega prava s čezmejnimi posledicami.
The European Council has four months in which to refer the matter back to the Council so as to enable the procedure to continue, or to request the Commission or the group of Member States that submitted the original text to submit a new legislative proposal.
(4) Največja novost v pravosodnem kazenskem sodelovanju je, da je običajni zakonodajni postopek (kvalicirana večina) predviden za približevanje zakonodaj na procesnem področju (minimalna pravila za omogočanje vzajemnega priznavanja sodb in sodnih odločb itd.) in v kazenskem materialnem pravu: minimalna pravila za opredelitev nekaterih težkih kriminalnih dejanj s čezmejnimi posledicami, naštetimi v Ustavi, in tudi kazni.
Should the European Council fail to take a decision within the four-month period, or should the new legislative procedure opened at its request not be completed within twelve months, enhanced cooperation shall be established in the matter automatically if one third of the Member States are in favour.
Ustava prav tako predvideva, da lahko Svet na podlagi soglasja določi še druga področja kazenskega postopka in tudi druga področja kriminala, pri katerih se lahko uporablja običajni kazenski postopek.
Parliament can also welcome the fact that the Intergovernmental Conference adopted the Convention's proposal for the establishment of a European Public Prosecutor's O/ce which has responsibility for combating o.encesagainst the Union's «nancialinterestsandmayprosecutetheperpetratorsofsuch o.ences,despitestrongoppositionfromseveraldelegations.However,the Constitution stipulates that the Council law establishing the o/cemustbe adopted unanimously once Parliament has given its consent.
Takšna sprememba je povzročila močan odpor nekaterih držav članic, kljub zagotovilu, da mora evropska zakonodaja na tem področju upoštevati temeljne vidike sodnih sistemov držav članic.
A `bridging clause' (`passerelle') nonetheless provides for the possible extension of the o/ce'sresponsibilitiestocoveractiontocombatseriouscrimeswitha cross-border dimension, by means of a European decision adopted unanimously by the Council after Parliament has given its consent.
Tako je medvladna konferenca, da bi omogočila dosego sporazuma, predvidela mehanizem „zasilne zavore”, s katero se državam članicam, ki se na tem področju srečujejo s težavami, omogoči dodelitev potrebnih zagotovil, ne da bi se zato povsem onemogočile razvojne možnosti: če torej država članica meni, da zakonodajni predlog škoduje„temeljnim vidikom njenega sodnega sistema”, lahko zahteva, da se zadevo predloži Evropskemu svetu.
Lastly, the ordinary legislative procedure has also been introduced for police cooperation, although unanimity continues to be rule for operational cooperation and intervention by the competent authorities of one Member State on the territory of another Member State.
Za nadaljevanje postopka lahko Evropski svet v roku štirih mesecev zadevo predloži Svetu ali zahteva, da Komisija ali skupina držav, ki so oblikovale pobudo, predstavi nov zakonodajni predlog.
Aside from the introduction of a few new legal bases for `new' - or more clearly d e « n e d - cffo m p e t en c e s in P a r t I , the c h a n g e s w h i c h the C on s t i tffu t i on m a k e s to the other sectoral policies stem mainly from the establishment of codecision (and thus quali«edmajorityvoting)astheordinarylegislativeprocedure and the breakdown between legislative and non-legislative acts as now de«ned.
Če Evropski svet v štirih mesecih ne sprejme omenjene odločitve ali če nov zakonodajni postopek, uveden na njegovo zahtevo, ni
THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT`S OPINION ON THE EUROPEAN CONSTITUTION
EVROPSKI PARLAMENT IN EVROPSKA USTAVA uresničen v roku dvanajstih mesecev, se na željo tretjine držav članic avtomatično okrepi sodelovanje na tem področju.