natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
4 January At the instigation of the United Kingdom, the Stockholm Convention establishes the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), comprising a number of European countries that are not part of the EEC.
4. januar Stockholmska konvencija na pobudo Združenega kraljestva ustanovi Evropsko združenje za prosto trgovino (EFTA), ki jo sestavljajo tudi številne evropske države, ki niso del EGS.
20 July In Yaoundé, an association agreement is signed between the EEC and 18 African countries.
20. julij V mestu Yaoundé je podpisana pogodba o sodelovanju med EGS in 18 afriškimi državami.
1 January Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom join the European Communities, bringing their membership to nine.
1. januar S pristopom Danske, Irske in Združenega kraljestva k Evropskim skupnostim se članstvo poveča na devet držav.
Norway stays out, following a referendum in which a majority of people voted against membership.
Norveška se po referendumu, na katerem je večina glasovala proti članstvu, ne pridruži ES.
17 and 28 February The Single European Act is signed in Luxembourg and The Hague.
17. in 28. februar Podpis Enotnega evropskega akta v Luxembourgu in Haagu.
It comes into force on 1 July 1987.
Veljati začne 1. julija 1987.
9–10 December At the Paris Summit, the political leaders of the nine member states decide to meet three times a year as the European Council.
9.–10. december Politični voditelji devetih držav članic na vrhunskem srečanju v Parizu sklenejo, da se bo Evropski svet sestajal trikrat na leto.
They also give the go-ahead for direct elections to the European Parliament, and agree to set up the European Regional Development Fund.
Predlagajo neposredne volitve v Evropski parlament in se dogovorijo za ustanovitev Evropskega sklada za regionalni razvoj.
15 and 18 June The third direct elections to the European Parliament.
15. in 18. junij Tretje neposredne volitve v Evropski parlament.
28 February In Lomé, a convention (Lomé I) is signed between the EEC and 46 African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries.
28. februar V mestu Lomé je podpisana konvencija (Lomé I) med državami EGS in 46 afriškimi, karibskimi in pacifiškimi (AKP) državami.
3 October German unification.
3. oktober Ponovna združitev Nemčije.
22 July A treaty is signed giving the European Parliament greater power over the budget and establishing the European Court of Auditors.
22. julij Evropski parlament dobi s podpisom pogodbe večja pooblastila pri odločanju o proračunu, ustanovljeno je Evropsko računsko sodišče.
It comes into force on 1 June 1977.
Pogodba začne veljati 1. junija 1977.
9–10 December The Maastricht European Council adopts a Treaty on European Union, laying the foundation for a common foreign and security policy, closer cooperation on justice and home affairs and the creation of an economic and monetary union, including a single currency.
9.–10. december Evropski svet v Maastrichtu sprejme Pogodbo o Evropski uniji, s čimer so postavljeni temelji za skupno zunanjo in varnostno politiko, tesnejše sodelovanje v pravosodju in notranjih zadevah in oblikovanje gospodarske in denarne unije, skupaj z enotno valuto.
7–10 June The first direct elections to the 410-seat European Parliament.
7.–10. junij Prve neposredne volitve v 410-članski Evropski parlament.
1 January Greece joins the European Communities, bringing the number of members to 10.
1. januar Grčija pristopi k Evropskim skupnostim, s čimer se število članic poveča na deset.
1 January The single market is created.
1. januar Vzpostavljen je enotni trg.
14–17 June The second direct elections to the European Parliament.
14.–17. junij Druge neposredne volitve v Evropski parlament.
14 June The Schengen Agreement is signed with the aim of abolishing checks at the borders between member countries of the European Communities.
1. januar S pristopom Avstrije, Finske in Švedske k EU se število članic poveča na petnajst.
1 January Austria, Finland and Sweden join the EU, bringing its membership to 15.
Norveška se po referendumu, v katerem večina glasuje proti članstvu, ponovno ne pridruži EU.
Norway stays out again following a referendum in which a majority of people voted against membership.
14. junij Podpisan je Schengenski sporazum z namenom odprave mejnih kontrol med državami Evropskih skupnosti.
1 January Spain and Portugal join the European Communities, bringing their membership to 12.
1. januar S pristopom Španije in Portugalske k Evropskim skupnostim se število članic poveča na dvanajst.
23 January A new European Commission takes office with Jacques Santer as its President (1995–99).
23. januar Delovati začne nova Evropska komisija (1995–1999) z Jacquesom Santerjem na čelu.
1 January Start of the third stage of EMU: 11 EU countries adopt the euro, which is launched on the financial markets, replacing their currencies for non-cash transactions.
1. januar Začetek tretje stopnje EMU: enajst držav EU sprejme evro, ki je uveden na finančne trge in nadomesti njihove valute za negotovinske transakcije.
The European Central Bank takes on responsibility for monetary policy.
Evropska centralna banka prevzame odgovornost za denarno politiko.
The 11 countries are joined by Greece in 2001.
Tem enajstim državam se leta 2001 pridruži Grčija.
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2 October The Amsterdam Treaty is signed.
2. oktober Podpis Amsterdamske pogodbe.
It comes into force on 1 May 1999.
Veljati začne 1. maja 1999.
15 September A new European Commission takes office with Romano Prodi as its President (1999–2004).
15. september Delovati začne nova Evropska komisija (1999–2004), ki ji predseduje Romano Prodi.
30 March The accession process begins for the new candidate countries.
30. marec Začne se pristopni proces za nove države kandidatke.
Cyprus, Malta and 10 central and eastern European countries will be involved in this process.
V ta proces so vključeni Ciper, Malta in deset držav srednje in vzhodne Evrope.
15–16 October The Tampere European Council decides to make the EU an area of freedom, security and justice.
15.–16. oktober Evropski Svet v Tamperah sklene, da bo EU postala območje svobode, varnosti in pravice.
A new currency was born in 1999, when the euro was introduced for financial (non-cash) transactions.
Nova valuta se je rodila leta 1999, ko je bil evro uveden za finančne (negotovinske) transakcije.
Notes and coins followed in 2002.
Leta 2002 je sledila uvedba bankovcev in kovancev.
1 May Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia join the European Union.
1. maj Državam članicam Evropske unije se pridružijo Ciper, Češka, Estonija, Madžarska, Latvija, Litva, Malta, Poljska, Slovaška in Slovenija.
23–24 March The Lisbon European Council draws up a new strategy for boosting employment in the EU, modernising the economy and strengthening social cohesion in a knowledge-based Europe.
23.–24. marec Lizbonski Evropski svet oblikuje strategijo za pospeševanje zaposlovanja v EU, posodobitev gospodarstva in okrepitev socialne kohezije v na znanju temelječi Evropi.
10 and 13 June The sixth direct elections to the European Parliament.
10. in 13. junij Šeste neposredne volitve v Evropski parlament.
29 October The European Constitution is adopted in Rome (subject to ratification by member states).
29. oktober Sprejetje Evropske ustave v Rimu (države članice jo morajo ratificirati). cirati).
22 November A new European Commission takes office with José Manuel Barroso as its President.
7.–8. december Evropski svet v Nici sprejme dogovor o besedilu nove pogodbe, ki spremeni sistem odločanja v EU tako, da bo ta pripravljena za širitev.
7–8 December In Nice, the European Council reaches agreement on the text of a new Treaty changing the EU’s decision-making system so that the Union will be ready for enlargement.
Predsedniki Evropskega parlamenta, Evropskega sveta in Evropske komisije svečano razglasijo Listino o temeljnih pravicah Evropske unije.
The presidents of the European Parliament, the European Council and the European Commission solemnly proclaim the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.
22. november Delovati začne nova Evropska komisija, ki ji predseduje Joséje Manuel Barroso.
26 February Signing of the Treaty of Nice.
26. februar Podpis pogodbe iz Nice.
It comes into force on 1 February 2003.
Veljati začne 1. februarja 2003.
29 May and 1 June Voters in France reject the Constitution in a referendum, followed three days later by voters in the Netherlands.
29. maj in 1. junij Volivci v Franciji zavrnejo Ustavo na referendumu, tri dni za tem pa tudi volivci na Nizozemskem.
14–15 December Laeken European Council.
14.–15. december Evropski svet v Laeknu.
A declaration on the future of the EU is agreed.
Sprejetje deklaracije o prihodnosti Unije.
This opens the way for the forthcoming major reform of the EU and for the creation of a Convention to draft a European Constitution.
Ta je podlaga za prihodnjo veliko reformo EU in ustanovitev Konvencije za pripravo evropske ustave.
1 January Euro notes and coins are introduced in the 12 euro-area countries.
1. januar V 12 članicah območja evra začnejo uporabljati bankovce in kovance evra.
Slovenia adopts the euro.
Slovenija sprejme evro.
13 December The Copenhagen European Council agrees that 10 of the candidate countries (Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia) can join the EU on 1 May 2004.
13. december Odločitev na zasedanju Evropskega sveta v Københavnu, da se deset držav kandidatk (Ciper, Češka, Estonija, Madžarska, Latvija, Litva, Malta, Poljska, Slovaška in Slovenija) 1. maja 2004 pridruži Evropski uniji.
10 July The Convention on the Future of Europe completes its work on the draft European Constitution.
10. julij Konvencija o prihodnosti Evrope izdela osnutek evropske ustave.
4 October Start of the intergovernmental conference responsible for drawing up the constitutional treaty.
4. oktober Začetek medvladne konference, v okviru katere je pripravljena nova Pogodba o Ustavi za Evropo.
Why and how was it set up?
Zakaj in kako je bila ustanovljena?
What has it already achieved for its citizens, and what new challenges does it face today?
Kaj je že dosegla za svoje državljane in pred katerimi novimi izzivi je danes?
How can citizens get more involved?
Kako lahko državljani dejavneje sodelujejo?
In an age of globalisation, can the EU compete successfully with other major economies and maintain its social standards?
Ali lahko EU v dobi globalizacije uspešno tekmuje z drugimi večjimi gospodarstvi in ohrani socialne standarde?
Can Europe continue to play a leading role on the world stage and help protect against terrorism?
Ali lahko Evropa še naprej igra vodilno vlogo na svetovnem prizorišču in prispeva k boju proti terorizmu?
These are just some of the questions Pascal Fontaine — EU expert and former university lecturer — explores in the new 2007 edition of his popular booklet ‘Europe in 12 lessons’.
To je samo nekaj vprašanj, ki jih Pascal Fontaine – strokovnjak za EU in nekdanji univerzitetni predavatelj – obravnava v novi izdaji priljubljenega priročnika „Evropa v 12 poglavjih“ iz leta 2007.
Your guide to the EU institutions
To knjižico ter druge kratke in jasne razlage o EU najdete na spletnem naslovu ec.europa.eu/publications.
Introducing the European Union .........................................
Predstavitev Evropske unije . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Treaties ............................................................
Pogodbe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
How the EU takes decisions
Kako EU sprejema odločitve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Council of the European Union: voice of the member states .............................................
Svet Evropske unije: glas držav članic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The European Commission: promoting the common interest
Evropska komisija: nosilec skupnih interesov
The Court of Justice: upholding the law
Sodišče: spoštovanje zakona .
The European Court of Auditors: getting value for your money ...........................................
Evropsko računsko sodišče: skrb za dobro gospodarjenje z vašim denarjem
The European Economic and Social Committee: a bridge to civil society .................................................
Evropski ekonomskosocialni odbor: glas civilne družbe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Committee of the Regions: bringing the EU closer to the public
Odbor regij: glas regionalnih in lokalnih oblasti
The European Investment Bank: financing economic development .
Evropska investicijska banka: zagotavljanje sredstev za gospodarski razvoj
The European Ombudsman: investigating your complaints
Evropski varuh človekovih pravic: preiskovanje vaših pritožb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The European Data Protection Supervisor: safeguarding your privacy
Evropski nadzornik za varstvo podatkov: varovanje vaše zasebnosti
Agencies ..............................................................
Agencije . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
R å European Parliament (EP), which represents the EU’s citizens and is directly elected by them;
Evropska unija (EU) je družina demokratičnih evropskih držav, ki sodelujejo, da bi izboljšale življenje za svoje državljane in zgradile boljši svet.
This ‘institutional triangle’ produces the policies and laws that apply throughout the EU.
Ta „institucionalni trikotnik“ oblikuje politike in pravne akte, ki se uporabljajo po vsej EU.
In principle, it is the Commission that proposes new laws, but it is the Parliament and Council that adopt them.
Načeloma predlaga nove pravne akte Komisija, Parlament in Svet pa jih sprejemata.
The Commission and the member states then implement them, and the Commission enforces them.
Komisija in države članice jih potem izvajajo in Komisija skrbi tudi za to, da se spoštujejo.
Family squabbles and occasional crises are what make the news headlines, but away from the cameras the EU is actually a remarkable success story. In just over half a century it has delivered peace and prosperity in Europe, a single European currency (the euro) and a frontier-free ‘single market’ where goods, people, services and capital move around freely.
Na naslovnicah časopisov se pojavljajo družinski prepiri in občasne krize, ne vidi pa se, da je EU pravzaprav izredna zgodba o uspehu. v malce več kot pol stoletja je v Evropo prinesla mir in blaginjo, enotno evropsko valuto (evro) in „enotni trg“ brez mej, po katerem lahko svobodno potujejo blago, ljudje, storitve in kapital.
It has become a major trading power, and a world leader in fields such as environmental protection and development aid.
Postala je ena pomembnejših trgovinskih sil in vodilna svetovna sila na področjih, kot sta varovanje okolja in razvojna pomoč.
No wonder it has grown from six to 27 members and more countries want to join.
Nič čudnega, da je z začetnih šest zrasla na 27 članic, pridružile pa bi se ji rade še nove države.
The Court of Auditors checks the financing of the Union’s activities.
Računsko sodišče preverja financiranje dejavnosti Unije.
A number of other bodies also have key roles in making the EU work.
Ključno vlogo pri delovanju EU imajo tudi številni drugi organi:
They are the: å European Economic and Social Committee, which represents the economic and social components of organised civil society;
� Evropski ekonomskosocialni odbor zastopa gospodarske in družbene akterje v organizirani civilni družbi, kot so delodajalci in delojemalci, sindikati ter organizacije potrošnikov;
The European Union’s success owes a lot to the unusual way in which it works.
K uspehu Evropske unije je veliko pripomogel nenavaden način njenega delovanja.
Unusual because the countries that make up the EU (its ‘member states’) remain independent sovereign nations but they pool their sovereignty in order to gain a strength and world influence none of them could have on their own.
Nenavaden, ker države, ki sestavljajo EU („države članice“), ostanejo neodvisne suverene države, vendar svojo suverenost združujejo, da pridobijo moč in svetovni vpliv, kakršnih nobena od njih ne bi mogla imeti samostojno.
This stops short of being a federation, like the United States, but is much more than an organisation for cooperation between governments, like the United Nations.
EU ni federacija kot Združene države amerike, vendar je veliko več kot organizacija za sodelovanje med vladami, kakršna je organizacija združenih narodov.
å Committee of the Regions, which represents regional and local authorities;
� odbor regij zastopa regionalne in lokalne organe;
Pooling sovereignty means, in practice, that the member states delegate some of their decisionmaking powers to shared institutions they have created, so that decisions on specific matters of joint interest can be made democratically at European level.
� Evropska investicijska banka financira naložbe v projekte gospodarskega razvoja v in zunaj EU ter z Evropskim investicijskim skladom pomaga majhnim podjetjem;
å European Investment Bank, which finances investment in economic development projects in and outside the EU, and helps small businesses via the European Investment Fund;
Združevanje suverenosti v praksi pomeni, da države članice del svojih pooblastil pri odločanju prenesejo na skupne evropske institucije, ki so jih ustanovile, tako da se o posebnih zadevah skupnega interesa lahko demokratično odloča na evropski ravni.
©EC å European Ombudsman, which investigates complaints about maladministration by EU institutions and bodies;
� Evropski varuh človekovih pravic preiskuje pritožbe v zvezi z nepravilnostmi v institucijah in organih EU;
The powers and responsibilities of the EU institutions, and the rules and procedures they must follow, are laid down in the Treaties on which the EU is founded. The Treaties are agreed by the presidents and prime ministers of all the EU countries and then ratified by their parliaments.
Pooblastila in naloge institucij EU ter pravila in postopki, ki jih morajo upoštevati, so zapisani v pogodbah, na katerih temelji EU. o pogodbah se dogovorijo predsedniki držav in vlad vseh držav EU, nato pa jih ratificirajo nacionalni parlamenti.
N å European Data Protection Supervisor, which safeguards the privacy of your personal data.
� Evropski nadzornik za varstvo podatkov varuje zasebnost vaših osebnih podatkov.
The signing ceremony of the six-nation Treaty of Rome in 1957.
Slovesnost ob podpisu Rimske pogodbe med šestimi državami leta 1957.
The Treaties
Pogodbe
As the ECSC Treaty approached expiry in 2002, responsibilities for coal and steel were progressively merged into other Treaties.
EU temelji na štirih pogodbah: leta 2002, so se pristojnosti za premog in jeklo postopoma prenesle v druge pogodbe.
å The Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), which was signed on 18 April 1951 in Paris, came into force on 23 July 1952 and expired on 23 July 2002.
� Pogodbi o ustanovitvi Evropske skupnosti za premog in jeklo (ESPj), ki je bila podpisana 18. aprila 1951 v Parizu, začela veljati 23. julija 1952 in prenehala veljati 23. julija 2002;
T H å The Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC), which was signed on 25 March 1957 in Rome and came into force on 1 January 1958.
� Pogodbi o ustanovitvi Evropske gospodarske skupnosti (EGS), ki je bila podpisana 25. marca 1957 v Rimu in začela veljati 1. januarja 1958.
It is often referred to as ‘the Treaty of Rome’.
Pogosto jo imenujejo „Rimska pogodba“;
By adding this intergovernmental cooperation to the existing Community system, the Maastricht Treaty created a new structure with three ‘pillars’, which is political as well as economic. This is the European Union (EU).
� Pogodbi o ustanovitvi Evropske skupnosti za atomsko energijo (Euratom), ki je bila podpisana v Rimu skupaj s Pogodbo EGS;
O å The Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), which was signed in Rome along with the EEC Treaty.
Pogodbe so osnova za vse dejavnosti EU. Spremenijo se ob vsakem pristopu novih držav. občasno so spremembe pogodb namenjene tudi prenovi institucij Evropske unije in dodeljevanju novih področij pristojnosti EU. o spremembah vedno odloča posebna konferenca vlad držav članic EU („medvladna
THE EUROPEAN UNION
EVrOPSKA UnijA
The ECSC, EEC and Euratom Treaties created the three ‘European Communities’, i.e. the system of joint decisionmaking on coal, steel, nuclear power and other major sectors of the member states’ economies.
S pogodbami ESPj, EGS in Euratom so bile ustanovljene tri „Evropske skupnosti“, tj. sistem skupnega odločanja o premogu, jeklu, jedrski energiji in drugih glavnih sektorjih gospodarstva držav članic.
The common institutions set up to manage this system were merged in 1967, resulting in a single Commission and a single Council of Ministers.
Skupne institucije, vzpostavljene za upravljanje tega sistema, so se leta 1967 združile v enotno Komisijo in enotni Svet ministrov.
Police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters
Policijsko in pravosodno sodelovanje v kazenskih zadevah
Community domain (most common policy areas)
Področje Skupnosti (večina področij skupne politike)
THE TREATIES
POGOdBE
The EEC, in addition to its economic role, gradually took on a wide range of responsibilities, including social, environmental and regional policies.
Poleg svoje gospodarske vloge je EGS postopoma prevzemala širok razpon nalog, vključno s socialno, okoljsko in regionalno politiko.
Since it was no longer a purely economic community, the fourth
Ker to ni bila več zgolj gospodarska skupnost, jo je četrta (maastrichtska) pogodba preprosto preimenovala v „Evropsko skupnost“ (ES).
The European Union is founded on its Treaties.
Ko se je bližal konec veljavnosti Pogodbe ESPj
How the EU works_V5.indd Sec2:5
Evropska unija temelji na pogodbah.
How the EU works_V5.indd Sec2:5
Njeni trije „stebri“ so tri različna področja politik z različnimi sistemi odločanja.
Decisionmaking at European Union level in-
EC © odločanje na ravni Evropske unije vključuje
Codecision volves various EU institutions, in particular:
Soodločanje različne institucije EU, zlasti pa:
Codecision is the procedure now used for
Soodločanje je postopek, ki se zdaj najpogo-
S åthe European Parliament (EP), most EU law-making. In the codecision pro-
� Evropski parlament (EP/Parlament), steje uporablja pri sprejemanju zakonodaje
I cedure, Parliament shares legislative power
EU. v postopku soodločanja si Parlament o
I åthe Council of the European Union, and
� Svet Evropske unije in� Evropsko komisijo.
E u åthe European Commission.
 a pooblastila.
In general, it is the European Commission that proposes new legislation, but it is the Council and Parliament that pass the laws. In some cases, the Council can act alone.
Načeloma predlaga nove pravne akte Evropska komisija, sprejmeta pa jih Svet in Parlament. v nekaterih primerih lahko Svet deluje samostojno.
Other institutions also have roles to play.
Tudi druge institucije imajo svoje vloge.
R piece of proposed legislation, there will be no new law.
Če se Svet in Parlament ne moreta sporazumeti o nekem predlogu pravnega akta, ta ne bo sprejet.
The procedure provides for two successive ‘readings’ in each institution.
Po tem postopku imata instituciji na voljo dve zaporedni „obravnavi“.
If an agreement is reached in these readings, the law can be passed. If not, it will be put before a conciliation committee, composed of equal numbers of Council and Parliament representatives.
Če v teh obravnavah pride do sporazuma, bo pravni akt sprejet. v nasprotnem primeru se predlog zakonodaje predloži spravnemu odboru, ki ga sestavlja enako število predstavnikov Sveta in Parlamenta.