natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Examples of citizenship skills tailor proposals and initiatives to the core curriculum and current teaching policy and methods, including the integration of risk education across the compulsory and non-compulsory curriculum; key areas for integration include the frameworks for personal, health and social education and citizenship; risk education should also be incorporated into health-promoting schools (‘healthy schools’ programmes); e
n z prilagajanje predlogov in pobud osnovnim kurikulumom, uveljavljeni politiki ter postopkom poučevanja, pri čemer si je treba prizadevati za vključitev izobraževanja o tveganjih tako v obvezne, kot tudi izbirne predmete; ključna področja, v katera je treba vključiti izobraževanje o tveganjih, so osebna, zdravstvena, družbena in državljanska vzgoja; izobraževanje o tveganjih je treba omogočiti v šolah, ki so se zavezale k napredku zdravja (programi „zdravih šol“);
■ develop learning objectives for OSH and risk education for the relevant subjects in the curriculum framework matched to the age and ability of children and young people; focus learning objectives on developing an understanding of risk, including hazard recognition, risk assessment and developing informed safer behaviour; to understand the need for rules; to take part in making and changing rules; to research and discuss local and topical issues; to consider social and moral dilemmas; to participate in decision-making.
■ učenci razumejo, da so potrebna pravila; učenci sodelujejo pri pripravi in spreminjanju pravil; učenci raziskujejo lokalna in aktualna vprašanja in razpravljajo o njih; učenci preučujejo socialne in moralne dileme; učenci sodelujejo pri odločanju.
Examples of career-related learning provide OSH/risk education resources appropriate to the various curriculum subjects and age levels;
Primeri učenja za poklic zagotavljanje virov izobraževanja o varnosti in zdravju pri delu ter izobraževanje o tveganjih, ki so prilagojeni različnim predmetom iz kurikuluma ter različnim starostim; l u
■ to identify their own skills and achievements; to think about ways to develop these skills further.
■ učenci spoznavajo ljudi, ki imajo različne položaje in strokovna znanja ter se z njimi pogovarjajo; učenci ugotavljajo lastna znanja in dosežke; učenci razmišljajo o tem, kako nadalje razvijati svoje znanje.
provide professional development in risk education for teachers and trainers; training is needed for teachers at all levels, both as part of the professional development of (existing) in-service teachers and in trainee teacher programmes; consider the needs of others involved in education such as those involved in the management of schools and parents too;
zagotavljanje strokovnega izobraževanja učiteljev in vodij usposabljanja na področju izobraževanja o tveganjih; usposabljanje učiteljev na vseh nivojih, od pripravnikov do redno zaposlenih, kot del njihovega poklicnega razvoja; upoštevati je treba tudi druge osebe, vključene v izobraževanje, kot so vodstva šol in starši;
■ to know about hazards, risks and risk control;
■ razvoj kvalifikacijskega sistema varnosti in zdravja pri delu, ki je skladen s šolskim kvalifikacijskim sistemom;
■ develop partnerships with key promoters of risk education to achieve a consistent approach and avoid duplication; to recognise hazards, assess consequent risks and take steps to control the risks to themselves and others;
■ razvoj partnerstev z glavnimi zagovorniki izobraževanja o tveganjih za dosego usklajenega pristopa in preprečitev podvajanja;
■ pilot initiatives and monitor and review progress; exchange experiences and network; to use information to assess the immediate and cumulative risks;
■ sprožanje pobud ter spremljanje in preučevanje napredka;izmenjava izkušenj in vzpostavitev mreže;
■ to manage their environment to ensure the health and safety of themselves and others;
■ učenci so seznanjeni z nevarnostmi, tveganji in obvladovanjem tveganj; učenci prepoznajo nevarnosti, ocenijo posledična tveganja in ukrepajo tako, da obvladujejo tveganja zase in za druge; učenci uporabijo informacije, da ocenijo neposredna in kumulativna tveganja; učenci skrbijo za svoje okolje, da zagotovijo varnost in zdravje zase ter za druge ljudi; učenci znajo pojasniti ukrepe, ki jih sprejmejo za obvladovanje tveganj.
place learning about risk within a whole-school approach to safety and risk; the approach should cover both a safe learning environment for pupils and staff health and safety; link this in turn to ‘healthy school’ initiatives.
Dejavniki za uspešno vključitev varnosti in zdravja pri delu v šolske kurikulume so:
Further information on mainstreaming OSH into education is available at: http://osha.europa.eu/priority_groups/young_people
Dodatne informacije o vključevanju varnosti in zdravja pri delu v izobraževanje so na voljo na spletnem naslovu: http://osha.europa.eu/priority_groups/young_people
' European Agency for Safety and Health at Work.
' Evropska agencija za varnost in zdravje pri delu.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in Belgium, 2008 http://osha.europa.eu
Reprodukcija je dovoljena ob navedbi vira. Printed in Belgium, 2008 http://osha.europa.eu
Young people are more at risk of harm from work for a variety of reasons. They lack experience and maturity, awareness of risks, and skills and training; they may be unaware of their rights and employers’ duties regarding health and safety; and they may be reluctant to speak out about problems and keen to please their new employer.
Obstajajo različni razlogi, zaradi katerih so mladi izpostavljeni večjemu tveganjuzaradi nevarnosti pri delu – nimajo dovolj izkušenj in zrelosti, niso dovolj ozaveščeni o tveganju, prav tako pa jim manjka znanja in usposobljenosti, morda se ne zavedajo svojih pravic in dolžnosti delodajalca v zvezi z varnostjo in zdravjem, ter neradi odkrito spregovorijo o težavah, ker želijo ugoditi novemu delodajalcu.
They therefore need to be placed in safe and suitable jobs that are matched to their skills and mental and physical abilities and given adequate training and supervision.
Mlade je zato treba zaposlovati na varnih in primernih delovnih mestih, ki ustrezajo njihovemu znanju, duševnim in fizičnim sposobnostim, ter jim omogočiti ustrezno usposabljanje in nadzor.
Action at the policy and programme level
Ukrepi na ravni politike in na programski ravni
However, the majority of occupational safety and health (OSH) risks are preventable, whether they involve young or older workers, by applying the principles of risk assessment and putting in place the necessary preventive measures.
Večino tveganj za varnost in zdravje pri delu je mogoče z uporabo načel ocenjevanja tveganja in vzpostavljanjem nujnih preprečevalnih ukrepov preprečiti, ne glede na to, ali gre za mlade ali starejše delavce.
In addition, by keeping young workers safe and by training and educating them properly, employers can benefit from their energy and motivation, while at the same time promoting a prevention culture.
Poleg tega delodajalcem koristijo prizadevanja in pobude mladih delavcev, hkrati pa s tem spodbujajo kulturo preprečevanja, zato je treba ohranjati varnost mladih ter jih ustrezno usposabljati in izobraževati.
To support information exchange on best practice, the Agency has produced a report about good practices in preventing risks to young workers.
Z namenom dobre izmenjave informacij o najboljši praksi je Agencija pripravila poročilo o dobrih praksah pri preprečevanju tveganj za mlade delavce.
The prevention of injuries and ill health in young workers starts at the policy level, which includes legislation and supporting
Preprečevanje poškodb in bolezni pri mladih delavcih se začne na ravni politike, kar vključuje zakonodajo, kampanje ter različne programe.
2 programmes and campaigns.
Nacionalna in evropska zakonodaja (2
) obliges employers to pay special attention to minors and younger workers and underlines the importance of creating a culture of safety; this forms a good basis for minimising OSH risks to young workers.
Strategija varovanja mladih delavcev delodajalce, da namenjajo posebno pozornost mladoletnim in mladim delavcem ter poudarja pomembnost oblikovanja kulture varnosti, kar je dobra podlaga za zmanjševanje tveganj za varnost in zdravje pri delu mladih delavcev.
A model of OSH for young workers suggesting a two-way strategy to combat OSH risks to them is shown in Figure 1.
V zvezi z varnostjo mladih delavcev že obstaja veliko inovativnih programov in kampanj.
A prevention culture needs to be promoted among new recruits, but also at all levels of education.
Na podlagi teh programov si je treba prizadevati za tesnejše sodelovanje s sektorji in podjetji zaradi učinkovitejšega uvajanja inovacij na delovnih mestih.
There are already many innovative programmes and campaigns on young worker safety.
Model varnosti in zdravja pri delu za mlade delavce, v katerem je predlagana dvosmerna strategija za spoprijem s tveganji, prikazuje slika 1.
These programmes should seek closer cooperation with sectors and companies to implement innovations
Poleg ureditvenih ukrepov za izboljšanje služb in delovnih mest države članice pripravljajo in izvajajo izobraževalne politike in prakse za vključevanje varnosti in zdravja pri delu v izobraževanje in poklicno usposabljanje.
Figure 1: Model of the occupational safety and health of young workers
Slika 1: Model varnosti in zdravja pri delu za mlade delavce
Education policies and practices
Izobraževalne politike in prakse
OSH mainstreaming into education
Vključevanje varnosti in zdravja pri delu v izobraževanje
Job/Workplace
Služba/delovno mesto
Industry type, work hazards, workload, job tenure, etc.
Vrsta industrije, nevarnosti pri delu, delovna obremenitev, opravljanje službe itd.
Personal background and experience, OSH knowledge, values, attitudes, behaviour, physical, cognitive & emotional behaviour, physical, cognitive & emotional characteristics, substance use, etc. Training, information, supervision
Osebno znanje in izkušnje, znanje o varnosti in zdravju pri delu, vrednote, vedenje, ravnanje, fizične, kognitivne in čustvene lastnosti, uživanje substanc itd.
Health outcomes
Zdravstveni rezultati
) Preventing risks to young workers: policy, programmes and workplace practices:
) Preprečevanje tveganj za mlade delavce: politika, programi in prakse na delovnem
) Council Directive 94/33/EC applies to workers under 18.
) Direktiva Sveta 94/33/ES velja za delavce, ki so mlajši od 18 let.
E u r o p e an A at workplace level more efficiently. It is also important to get the message across to companies that healthy and informed employees are their most important investment for the future.
E v r o p s k a a podjetjem posredovati sporočilo, da so zdravi in izobraženi zaposleni najpomembnejša naložba za prihodnost podjetij.
Member States should ensure that OSH programmes and campaigns in sectors with high youth employment, such as hairdressing and call centres, include a youth dimension.
Države članice morajo zagotoviti, da programi in kampanje o varnosti in zdravju pri delu v sektorjih z velikim deležem mladih zaposlenih, kot so frizerstvo in klicni centri, vključujejo problematiko mladih delavcev.
This provides a positive experience for new and more g en c y f
Pridobljene izkušnje iz intervencij na delovnih mestih in poklicnega usposabljanja c i j
> or S a > f e t The report presents cases of successful actions to prevent risks to young workers.
> a z a v a > r n V tem poročilu so predstavljeni primeri uspešnih ukrepov preprečevanja tveganj za mlade delavce.
Many of the cases are training and mentoring initiatives and it is important to underline the fact that this training took place within organisations that have a good OSH management system in place to prevent the exposure of young workers to hazards.
V veliko primerih gre za pobude za usposabljanje in mentorstvo, pri čemer je treba poudariti, da je to usposabljanje potekalo v organizacijah z dobrim sistemom vodenja varnosti in zdravja pri delu pri preprečevanju izpostavljenosti mladih delavcev nevarnostim.
Training is just one part of their OSH management system.
Usposabljanje je le del upravljavskega sistema za varnost in zdravje pri delu.
The commitment of other staff in the workplace to the project is seen as vital, as well as cooperation with stakeholders such as educational institutions, labour inspectors and labour unions.
> n z > d r a v j Bistveno je, da so projektu predani tudi ostali zaposleni, prav tako pa je tudi pomembno sodelovanje z zainteresiranimi stranmi, kot so izobraževalne ustanove, inšpektorji za delo in sindikati delavcev.
Case studies from the workplace also indicate a potential payback on investment in young workers: OSH training not only develops the young workers themselves but may also enhance the perception of OSH risks among the entire workforce.
V študijah primerov, ki zajemajo delovna mesta, je navedena tudi možnost povrnitve naložbe v mlade delavce: usposabljanje za varnost in zdravje pri delu ne le oblikuje mlade delavce, ampak tudi krepi zaznavanje tveganj za varnost in zdravje pri delu med vsemi zaposlenimi.
Success factors in training
Dejavniki uspeha pri usposabljanju r i d
> o r k There are a number of common success factors that can be identified in the training examples discussed in this report.
> e l u Skupnih dejavnikov uspeha, ki jih je mogoče opredeliti v primerih usposabljanja, obravnavanih v tem poročilu, je veliko.
These success factors include:
Ti dejavniki uspeha so:
Apprentices redesign OSH training materials (SPAR). The retail chain took advantage of the Austrian Labour Inspectorate’s Team4Kids campaign.
Vajenci preoblikujejo gradivo za usposabljanje o varnosti in zdravju pri delu (SPAR)Maloprodajna veriga je sodelovala v kampanji Team4Kids avstrijskega inšpektorata za delo.
SPAR’s apprentices, their OSH personnel and the Labour Inspectorate worked together to develop the programme on evaluating workplaces, using the results of apprentices’ own inspections.
Vajenci verige SPAR, njeno osebje za varnost in zdravje pri delu ter inšpektorat za delo so sodelovali pri razvoju programa za ocenjevanje delovnih mest, pri čemer so uporabili rezultate pregledov, ki so jih opravili vajenci sami.
These apprentices subsequently taught newer apprentices about OSH, passing on their knowledge and experience gained during the project.
Ti so nato poučili nove vajence o varnosti in zdravju pri delu in tako prenesli svoje znanje in izkušnje, pridobljene med projektom.
Young apprentices were given real workplace health and safety issues and asked to find practical and feasible solutions to them.
Spodbujanje mladih delavcev k ukrepanju za izboljšanje varnosti in zdravja pri delu (DaimlerChrysler) Mladi vajenci so prejeli vprašanja o varnosti in zdravju pri delu na pravem delovnem mestu, pri čemer so morali poiskati praktične in izvedljive rešitve teh vprašanj.
After approval by senior management, the results of the study were implemented with the aid of experts.
Po odobritvi višjega vodstva so rezultate študije prenesli v prakso s pomočjo strokovnjakov.
The young workers acquired skills in decision-making and product design and were highly motivated to deal with occupational safety and health issues.
Mladi delavci so pridobili znanje o sprejemanju odločitev in oblikovanju proizvodov ter pokazali veliko zanimanje za obravnavanje vprašanj o varnosti in zdravju pri delu.
such as:- settingclearlearningobjectivesfocusedonskills development;- using a balance between theory and practice;- using suitable teaching resources and methods;- the requirement for training for supervisors, mentors and trainers in their role and in OSH;
varnosti in zdravja pri delu; vključevanje varnosti in zdravja pri delu v uvajalne programe v delo;
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work Gran Vía, 33, E-48009 Bilbao Tel. (+ 34) 94 479 43 60, Fax (+ 34) 94 479 43 83E-mail: information@osha.europa.eu
Evropska agencija za varnost in zdravje pri delu Gran Vía, 33, E-48009 Bilbao Tel. (+ 34) 94 479 43 60, faks: (+ 34) 94 479 43 83E-naslov: information@osha.europa.eu
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in Belgium, 2008 http://osha.europa.eu
Reprodukcija je dovoljena ob navedbi vira. Printed in Belgium, 2008.
Assessment, elimination and substantial reduction of occupational risks. Summary of an Agency report
Ocenjevanje, odpravljanje in znatno zmanjšanjetveganj na delovnem mestu Povzetek poročila Agencije
Risk assessment is the basis for successful health and safety management, and the key to reducing work-related accidents and occupational diseases.
Ocena tveganja je osnova za uspešno upravljanje varnosti in zdravja pri delu ter ključnega pomena za zmanjšanje števila nezgod, povezanih z delom, ter poklicnih bolezni.
If implemented well, it can improve not only workplace safety and health, but business performance in general.
Če je ocena tveganja dobro izdelana, se lahko izboljšata ne samo varnost in zdravje na delovnem mestu, ampak tudi poslovna uspešnost nasploh.
The report supports the European ‘healthy workplaces’ campaign 2008/09 on risk assessment by providing information on successful interventions in the workplace to eliminate or substantially reduce risks.
Poročilo z zagotavljanjem informacij o uspešnih ukrepih za odpravo ali zmanjšanje tveganj na delovnem mestu podpira evropsko kampanjo o oceni tveganja „Zdrava delovna mesta 2008/09“.
The report is aimed at those who are responsible for carrying out risk assessments in the workplace and for making decisions on preventive measures.
Namenjeno je odgovornim pri izdelavi ocene tveganja na delovnem mestu ter za sprejemanje odločitev in preventivnih ukrepov.
Photo by Matti Saari and by courtesy of Skanska Finland.
Fotografiral Matti Saari, fotografijo prispevalo finsko podjetje Skanska.
Strong motivation on the part of an important and powerful group (e.g. a department, a workers’ steering committee, the employer).
Visoka motiviranost pomembne in vplivne skupine (npr. oddelka, sveta delavcev, delodajalca).
High motivation by the initiators of the action to manage the risks or a specific risk and no strong objection by other parties in or outside the institution.
Visoka motiviranost pobudnikov ukrepov za obvladovanje tveganj ali določenega tveganja ter nenasprotovanje drugih sodelujočih v instituciji ali zunaj nje.
Eighteen cases and seven snapshots (shorter cases) were drawn from a range of occupations and economic sectors across Europe. They illustrate how specific companies have assessed and managed their risks.
Iz različnih poklicev in gospodarskih dejavnosti je bilo iz Evrope izbranih osemnajst primerov in sedem povzetkov primerov (krajših primerov), ki ponazarjajo, kako so določena podjetja ocenila in obvladala tveganja.
Some have eliminated or prevented the identified risk, while others have managed to reduce the risk drastically.
V nekaterih so odpravili ali preprečili prepoznana tveganja, medtem ko so jih v drugih uspeli znatno zmanjšati.
The actions taken to assess the risks and to manage them are transferable to similar jobs and economic sectors and to other EU Member States.
Izvedeni ukrepi ocenjevanja in obvladovanja tveganj so prenosljivi v podobnih poklicih in gospodarskih dejavnostih ter med državami članicami EU.
Of course, they will need to be adapted to the specific situation of each industry or workplace.
Nedvomno pa jih je treba prilagoditi posameznim okoliščinam v vsaki dejavnosti ali na delovnih mestih posebej.
Support from top management.
Bistveni zaključki poročila
Key conclusions of the report
Vključenost ustreznih akterjev, npr. delavcev, upravljalcev človeških virov, finančnega oddelka, medicine dela.
There are a number of risks which can be completely avoided or eliminated.
Delavci so pomembna skupina, ki mora biti motivirana in vključena od samega začetka.
The remaining risk is then assessed as very low or close to zero.
Vključeni morajo biti ne le v analizo tveganj, temveč tudi v prepoznavanje in izvedbo ustreznih rešitev.
The report shows how such results can be achieved through cases dealing with risks from electric current, manual handling, unprotected handling of dangerous substances or exposure to noise.
Njihovo praktično in podrobno znanje ter sposobnosti so velikokrat potrebni za pripravo ustreznih preventivnih ukrepov.
Involvement of relevant actors, e.g. workers themselves, human resources, financial department, OSH practitioners, etc. An important group that has to be motivated and involved from the beginning are the workers.
Obstajajo številna tveganja, ki se jim je mogoče popolnoma izogniti ali jih odpraviti, preostala tveganja pa so ocenjena kot zelo nizka, skoraj neobstoječa.
They should be involved not only in the risk analysis itself but also during the identification and implementation of possible solutions. Their practical and detailed knowledge and competence is often needed to develop workable preventive measures.
Poročilo kaže, da se lahko takšni rezultati dose-žejo v primerih, ki obravnavajo tveganja zaradi električne napetosti, ročnega premeščanja bremen, nezaščitenega ravnanja z nevarnimi snovmi ali izpostavljenosti hrupu.
A good analysis/knowledge of effective potential solutions, best practice and scientific or technological innovations available.
Kakovostna analiza/poznavanje učinkovitih potencialnih rešitev, najboljša praksa ter razpoložljive znanstvene in tehnološke inovacije.
A trusting and cooperative atmosphere among the key actors involved in the risk assessment process.
Prevladujoče zaupanje in sodelovanje med ključnimi akterji, ki so vključeni v pripravo ocene tveganja.
In other cases where the complete elimination of risks is not possible, most actions described aim ‘to combat the risks at source’, i.e. the prevention action is focused at the source of the risk.
V ostalih primerih, kjer popolna odprava tveganj ni mogoča, se večina opisanih ukrepov nanaša na „obvladovanje tveganj pri viru“, kjer so preventivni ukrepi osredotočeni na izvor tveganj.
This often results in a substantial risk reduction to a much lower level.
To pogosto povzroči zmanjšanje tveganj na znatno nižjo raven.
The report shows how these results are obtained in areas such as accident prevention, work organisation, exposure
V poročilu je navedeno, kako so ti rezultati pridobljeni na področjih, kot so preprečevanje nezgod, organizacija dela, izpostavljenost prahu,
■ to dust, sawdust or electromagnetic fields.
Morebitne prepreke so: žagovini ali elektromagnetnim sevanjem.
Absence of major obstacles to the adoption of the preventive or protective measures. These might include:
— gospodarske prepreke, kot je pomanjkanje gospodarskih virov ali negativna ocena razmerja med stroški in koristmi;
Basic success factors
Osnovni dejavniki uspešnosti
— economic barriers such as lack of economic resources or negative cost–benefit assessment;
— pomanjkanje razpoložljivih rešitev, kot so alternativne tehnologije, naprave, delovni postopki;
— a lack of available solutions such as alternative technologies, machinery, work processes;
— negativni vplivi na druge (delavce, oddelke) s prenosom tveganja na druga področja.
A detailed risk assessment is the logical and structuralprecondition for an effective risk elimination/reduction.
Osnovni dejavniki uspešnosti, opredeljeni v poročilu za učinkovito ocenjevanje tveganja, so: Podrobna ocena tveganja je razumski in strukturni predpogoj za učinkovito odpravljanje/zmanjšanje tveganj.
HEALTHY WORKPLACESGOOD FOR YOU.
DOBRO ZA VAS. DOBRO ZA POSEL.
■ e an A g the solution adopted means that the job can be done by a wider range of workers (due to a decrease in the amount of physical strength needed, for instance).
Dodatni dejavniki uspešnosti k varnejše in bolj zdrave, temveč tudi bolj učinkovite in bolj produktivne; a a g e n sprejeta rešitev pomeni, da lahko delo opravijo tudi drugi delavci (na primer zaradi zmanjšanja potrebne količine fizične moči).