natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Few citizens of the European Union (EU) realise that some 70–80 % of environment law in the EU Member States is actually decided and agreed at EU level.
Malo državljanov Evropske unije (EU) se zaveda, da se 70–80 % okoljske zakonodaje v državah članicah EU dejansko oblikuje in uskladi na ravni EU.
The legislation developed and adopted by the EU is either of direct application or is transposed into national legislation after decision by national parliaments.
Zakonodaja, ki jo sprejme EU, se bodisi neposredno izvaja ali pa se po sklepu nacionalnih parlamentov prenese v nacionalno zakonodajo.
This should not come as a surprise.
To ne bi smelo biti presenetljivo.
Air and water pollution and several other environmental problems tend to ignore national borders.
Onesnaženje zraka in vode ter številni drugi okoljski problemi se ponavadi ne zmenijo za nacionalne meje.
Typically, they present a threat that affects several countries at once.
Običajno pomenijo nevarnost, ki prizadene več držav hkrati.
If we want to tackle these problems successfully, it makes more sense — and is generally far less expensive — to deal with them at EU level.
Če želimo te probleme uspešno reševati, je bolj smiselno – in na splošno veliko bolj poceni – da jih obravnavamo na ravni EU.
Since the 1970s, when European leaders acknowledged their responsibility to protect the environment, a great deal has happened in terms of legislation and environmental protection.
Od sedemdesetih let 20. stoletja, ko so evropski voditelji priznali svojo odgovornost za varovanje okolja, se je na področju zakonodaje in varstva okolja veliko zgodilo.
There are now more than 250 directives and regulations that deal with different aspects of environment.
Zdaj obstaja več kot 250 direktiv in uredb, ki obravnavajo različne vidike okolja.
The driving force behind this progress has been the Commission’s Directorate-General for the Environment (Environment DG) and its work remains as relevant and essential as ever.
Gonilna sila tega napredka je bil Generalni direktorat Komisije za okolje (GD za okolje) in njegovo delo je danes bolj koristno in pomembno kot kadar koli prej.
There is little doubt that the wide range of EU environment legislation has significantly contributed to improving the state of the environment and preventing damage to it.
Širok spekter okoljske zakonodaje EU je brez dvoma bistveno prispeval k temu, da se izboljša stanje okolja in prepreči povzročanje škode v njem.
Environment policies need to strike a balance between economic growth, social development, and a healthy environment and, thereby, promote sustainable development.
Okoljske politike morajo doseči ravnotežje med gospodarsko rastjo, družbenim razvojem in zdravim okoljem ter pri tem spodbujati trajnostni razvoj.
Eco-innovation is a good example of synergy between environment and growth.
Ekoinovacije so dober primer sinergije med okoljem in rastjo.
It is a huge and very fast-growing sector in the EU, which has great potential to protect the environment and, at the same time, improve EU competitiveness, create new jobs and contribute to future prosperity.
Gre za velik in zelo hitro rastoč sektor v EU, ki ima velik potencial pri varovanju okolja in hkrati izboljšanju konkurenčnosti EU, ustvarjanju novih delovnih mest in prispevanju k prihodnji blaginji.
DIRECTORATEGENERALFOR THE ENVIRONMENT
Ta brošura pojasnjuje, kako deluje GD za okolje, in daje vpogled v oblikovanje okoljskih politik na ravni EU.
What does the Environment DG do?
Kaj dela Generalni direktorat za okolje?
‘Protecting, preserving and improving the environment for present and future generations, and promoting sustainable development.’
„Varovanje, ohranjanje in izboljšanje okolja za sedanje in prihodnje generacije ter spodbujanje trajnostnega razvoja.“
The Environment DG is one of the 44 Directorates-General and services that make up the European Commission, which is the European Union’s executive body and is headed by what has come to be known as the College of Commissioners, 27 men and women — one from each of the EU Member States.
GD za okolje je eden izmed 44 generalnih direktoratov in služb, ki sestavljajo Evropsko komisijo, ki je izvršni organ Evropske unije in jo vodi organ, znan kot kolegij komisarjev, 27 moških in žensk – po eden iz vsake države članice EU.
It can represent the European Union internationally when environmental matters are discussed.
Evropsko unijo lahko zastopa pri razpravah o okoljskih vprašanjih na mednarodni ravni;
To the outside world, the Commission presents itself as one body, thanks to a system of internal collaboration and cooperation.
Zahvaljujoč sistemu notranjega sodelovanja se Komisija navzven predstavlja kot en organ.
The Environment DG is currently under the political leadership of Environment Commissioner Stavros Dimas and headed by Director-General Mogens Peter Carl.
GD za okolje je trenutno pod političnim vodstvom komisarja za okolje Stavrosa Dimasa, vodi pa ga generalni direktor Mogens Peter Carl.
The EU institutions e three main decisionmaking bodies are:
Trije glavni organi odločanja so:
The Environment DG has more than 650 staff divided among 30 units.
GD za okolje ima več kot 650 uslužbencev, ki so zaposleni v 30 enotah.
Most of the units concentrate on specific environmental issues, like climate change, biodiversity and air quality, while others deal with general issues, like communication and the budget.
Večina enot se osredotoča na določena okoljska vprašanja, kot so podnebne spremembe, biotska raznovrstnost in kakovost zraka, medtem ko se druge ukvarjajo s splošnimi vprašanji, kot sta komunikacija in proračun.
Initiating environment policies
Uvedba okoljskih politik
• the European Parliament (EP),whose members represent the EU’s citizens and are directly elected by them;• the Council of the European Union (formerly known as the Council of Ministers), which represents the individual Member States;• the European Commission, which seeks to uphold the interests of the Union as a whole.
• Evropski parlament (EP), katerega člani zastopajo državljane EU in jih ti neposredno volijo;• Svet Evropske unije (prej znan kot Svet ministrov), ki zastopa posamezne države članice;• Evropska komisija, ki se zavzema za interese Unije kot celote.
If agreed, the proposal is forwarded to the Council of the European Union and the European Parliament for approval.
Če je tako dogovorjeno, se predlog predloži Svetu Evropske unije in Evropskemu parlamentu v odobritev.
For most environment policies, the so-called codecision procedure applies, which means that the two institutions (European Parliament and Council) have equal say in the decisionmaking process.
Za večino okoljskih politik se uporablja tako imenovani „postopek soodločanja“, kar pomeni, da obe instituciji (Evropski parlament in Svet) enakovredno odločata v procesu odločanja.
Together, after discussion and negotiation, the Parliament, the Council and the Environment DG produce a final text — which is often a law, but can also be an action programme or an approach based, for example, on voluntary initiatives.
Po razpravi in pogajanjih Parlament, Svet in GD za okolje ustvarijo končno besedilo, ki je pogosto pravni akt, lahko pa je tudi akcijski program ali pristop, ki na primer temelji na prostovoljnih pobudah.
It also commissions independent studies where necessary.
Ta „institucionalni trikotnik“ ustvarja politike in pravne akte, ki veljajo v vsej EU.
Good policies take account of all the available expertise and the different interests of stakeholders.
Na področju okolja je Komisija tista, ki predlaga nove pravne akte, vendar o njih odločata Parlament in Svet (postopek soodločanja).
Ensuring that EU environment law is applied
Zagotavljanje izvajanja okoljske zakonodaje EU
Close consultation of stakeholders continues throughout the policy cycle, and the policies proposed are also checked internally to ensure coherence and coordination.
Ko GD za okolje prvič razmišlja o tem, ali je potrebna nova politika, izvede predhodne raziskave in posvetovanja s predstavniki držav članic, okoljskimi nevladnimi organizacijami, industrijo, posebnimi interesnimi skupinami in tehničnimi strokovnjaki. Po potrebi naroči tudi neodvisne raziskave.
is ‘institutional triangle’ produces the policies and laws that apply throughout the EU.
V skladu s Pogodbo EU ima Evropska komisija skupaj z Evropskim sodiščem nalogo zagotoviti, da se zakonodaja EU v državah članicah pravilno izvaja.
Under the EU Treaty, the European Commission has the task of ensuring, together with the European Court of Justice, that all EU law is properly applied in the Member States.
Tesna posvetovanja zainteresiranih strani se nadaljujejo skozi celotni politični cikel, predlagane politike pa se preverjajo tudi interno, da bi zagotovili jasnost in usklajenost.
The Environment DG checks that Member States meet their legal obligations with regard to EU environment law.
GD za okolje preveri, ali države članice izpolnjujejo svoje pravne obveznosti v zvezi z okoljsko zakonodajo EU.
It also investigates complaints, which can be lodged by any EU citizen, including NGOs and Members of the European Parliament.
Razišče tudi pritožbe, ki jih lahko vloži vsak državljan EU ter nevladne organizacije in člani Evropskega parlamenta.
If it finds that a particular Member State is not applying an EU environment law, or is applying it incorrectly, it puts the case before the College of Commissioners, which
Če odkrije, da katera od držav članic ne izvaja okoljske zakonodaje EU ali jo izvaja nepravilno, predloži primer kolegiju komisarjev, ki se lahko odloči sprožiti „postopek za ugotavljanje kršitev“.
All major policy initiatives undergo an impact assessment to examine their potential economic, social and environmental repercussions.
Za vse glavne politične pobude je treba opraviti presojo vpliva, da se raziščejo morebitne posledice na gospodarskem, socialnem in okoljskem področju.
The goal is to optimise policy goals and strike the best possible balance between economic, social and environmental considerations.
Namen je spodbuditi cilje politike in doseči največje mogoče ravnotežje med gospodarskimi, socialnimi in okoljskimi vidiki.
The Environment DG’s policy proposals are also reviewed by other DGs, the aim being to ensure policy coherence and, where possible, mutual support among the various policy sectors.
Politične predloge GD za okolje pregledajo tudi preostali generalni direktorati z namenom, da zagotovijo skladnost politike in, kjer je to mogoče, skupno podporo med različnimi sektorji politike.
The Commission’s Legal Service makes sure that new proposals are legally sound.
Pravna služba Komisije zagotovi, da so novi predlogi pravno utemeljeni.
• Regulations: ese are unchangeable and directly applicable in all Member States on a given date, usually a short period a er publication in the Official Journal.
Obstajata dve pomembni vrsti pravnih aktov EU:• uredbe: te so dokončne in se začnejo neposredno uporabljati v vseh državah članicah na določen datum, običajno kmalu po objavi v Uradnem listu.
If there is any conflict with national laws then regulations prevail.• Directives: ese set objectives that have to be achieved, but leave Member States the choice of form and method.
Če obstaja navzkrižje z nacionalnimi zakoni, prevladajo uredbe;• direktive: te določajo cilje, ki jih je treba doseči, vendar državam članicam prepuščajo izbiro oblike in metode.
A deadline is set for each directive, usually two or three years a er adoption, by which time Member States must have transposed its provisions into national legislation.
Za vsako direktivo je določen rok, običajno dve ali tri leta po sprejetju, do katerega morajo države članice prenesti določbe direktive v nacionalno zakonodajo.
Environment DG was an early can decide to open an ‘infringement procedure’.
Večina pravnih aktov EU na področju okolja je direktiv.
Managing environment funding greater transparency and
Upravljanje financiranja okoljskih dejavnosti lahko Komisija od Sodišča zahteva, da državi članici, ki ne izpolnjuje zahtev, naloži kazen.
LIFE — the EU’s financial instrument for the environment — has co-
Sodbe Sodišča so zavezujoče tako za države članice kot za institucije EU.
There is a clear added value in involving contributed EUR 1.5 billion towards environmental protection since its introduction in 1992.
Od uvedbe leta 1992 je sofinanciral približno 2 600 projektov in je za varstvo okolja prispeval 1,5 milijarde EUR.
citizens, NGOs, the business and industrial sectors and other stakeholders to draw on their knowledge and interest and to help develop realistic policies
V skladu z novimi finančnimi perspektivami je v proračunskem obdobju 2007–2013 LIFE nadomestil LIFE+ kot nov, enoten finančni instrument za okolje, ki bo financiral razvoj, izvajanje, spremljanje, ocenjevanje in komunikacijo v zvezi z okoljsko politiko ter zakonodajo Skupnosti z namenom pospešiti trajnostni razvoj v EU.
For the EU’s 2007–13 budgetary period, under the new financial perspectives, LIFE is replaced by LIFE+ as the new, single financial instrument for the environment and will finance the development, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and communication of Community environment policy and legislation with a view to promoting sustainable
„Posvetovanja z zainteresiranimi stranmi“ so postala splošna praksa pri oblikovanju politik v Komisiji – dejansko je bil GD za okolje prvi zagovornik teh prizadevanj za večjo transparentnost in sodelovanje javnosti. Sodelovanje državljanov, nevladnih organizacij, podjetij in industrijskih sektorjev ter drugih zainteresiranih strani prinaša jasno dodano vrednost, njihovo znanje in interese pa je treba izkoristiti ter tako podpreti razvoj realnih politik, ki bodo deležne široke podpore.
The European Union has increasingly played a major role in promoting international action to address a broad range of global and transboundary environmental problems.
Vendar je, kot se je izkazalo do zdaj, mnogo finančnih instrumentov, ki jih upravljajo drugi generalni direktorati, znatno pomembnejših kot
There are a number of important international agreements on the environment, for example the 1992 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and its 1997 Kyoto Protocol and the UN Convention on Biodiversity and its Protocol on Biosafety to which the European Community is a party.
Obstajajo številni pomembni mednarodni sporazumi o okolju, na primer Okvirna konvencija ZN o spremembi podnebja iz leta 1992 in njen Kjotski protokol iz leta 1997 ter Konvencija ZN o biotski raznovrstnosti in njen Protokol o biološki varnosti, katerih pogodbenica je Evropska skupnost.
development in the EU.
Komisarji za okolje
Matters. The European Community and nearly all of the 27 EU Member States are parties to this important international agreement.
LIFE+, zlasti v smislu pospeševanja okoljskih politik, kot so politike za razvoj podeželja, razporeditev kohezijskih sredstev, regionalni razvoj, raziskave, inovacije in zunanjo politiko.
Citizens look to public authorities to ensure protection of the environment in which they and their families live and work.
Državljani od javnih organov pričakujejo, da bodo zagotovili varstvo okolja, v katerem živijo in delajo skupaj s svojimi družinami.
Surveys of public opinion in the EU Member States, ‘Eurobarometers’, consistently show that Europe’s citizens care a great deal about it.
Raziskave javnega mnenja v državah članicah EU, „Evrobarometri“, dosledno kažejo, da se evropski državljani zelo zanimajo za okolje.
The Eurobarometer survey ‘Attitudes of European citizens towards environment’, published in April 2005, showed that EU citizens remain highly concerned about the environment and require greater commitment to protecting it from authorities and decision-makers.
Raziskava Evrobarometra „Odnos evropskih državljanov do okolja“, objavljena aprila 2005, je pokazala, da so državljani EU še naprej zelo zaskrbljeni za okolje in od organov ter nosilcev odločanja zahtevajo več predanosti pri njegovem varstvu.
(See ‘Sources of information’ on page 18.) e EU has adapted its internal legislation to the requirements of the Convention, by adopting in 2003 directives on public access to environmental information and public participation in environmental matters, including some provisions on access to justice.
GD za okolje je pripravil več možnosti za obveščanje javnosti o tem, kaj dela EU na področju okolja (glej vire informacij na strani 18).
This openness and transparency is in line with the 1998 Aarhus Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental
Ta odprtost in preglednost je v skladu z Aarhuško konvencijo iz leta 1998 o dostopu do informacij, udeležbi javnosti pri odločanju in dostopu do pravnega varstva v okoljskih zadevah.
At regular intervals, the Environment DG assesses the state of the environment and proposes priorities for action and a policy agenda for the period ahead, to be agreed by the Council and the European Parliament.
GD za okolje v rednih časovnih presledkih ocenjuje stanje okolja in predlaga prednostne naloge za ukrepanje ter program politik za prihodnje obdobje, o čemer se dogovorita Svet in Evropski parlament.
The current, sixth environment action programme (sixth EAP) entitled ‘Our Future, Our Choice’ was adopted in 2002 and will guide EU environment policymaking until 2012.
Trenutni šesti okoljski akcijski program z naslovom „Naša prihodnost, naša izbira“ je bil sprejet leta 2002 in bo usmerjal oblikovanje okoljske politike EU do leta 2012.
It is also the environmental component of the EU’s strategy for sustainable development (2001), which requires that economic, social and environment policies be dealt with in a mutually reinforcing way so that present generations meet their needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs.
Tudi okoljska komponenta strategije EU za trajnostni razvoj (2001) zahteva, da se gospodarske, socialne in okoljske politike obravnavajo tako, da se medsebojno dopolnjujejo in s tem omogočijo zadovoljevanje potreb današnjih generacij brez ogrožanja istih možnosti prihodnjih generacij.
What are the current priorities?
Katere so sedanje prednostne naloge?
Four priority areas for action are identified in the sixth EAP: climate change; nature and biodiversity; environment, health and quality of life; and natural resources and waste.
Šesti okoljski akcijski program je najbolj strateško oblikovan pristop EU k okolju do zdaj, ki seže dlje kot kateri
The sixth EAP is the EU’s most strategic approach to the environment so far, going further than any of the previous five programmes and calling for a new, innovative approach to policymaking.
V šestem okoljskem akcijskem programu so opredeljena štiri prednostna področja za ukrepanje: podnebne spremembe; narava in biotska raznovrstnost; okolje, zdravje
24 October 2005: ematic strategy on the protection and conservation of the marine environment
24. oktober 2005:Tematska strategija za varstvo in ohranjanje morskega okolja
The strategies are also an exercise in ‘better regulation’, simplifying and clarifying legislation where possible and proposing lighter framework legislation where new laws are deemed necessary without compromising levels of ambition.
Vsaka tematska strategija bo tako pripomogla k doseganju dolgoročnega cilja okoljske trajnosti, s čimer bo prispevala k lizbonskim ciljem povečanja rasti in zaposlovanja, pospešila pa bo tudi ekoinovacije.
ematic strategy on the prevention and recycling of waste
21. december 2005:Tematska strategija o preprečevanju nastajanja in recikliranju odpadkov
Thematic strategies: an illustration of the new approach
Tematske strategije: prikaz novega pristopa
11 January 2006: ematic strategy on the urban environment
11. januar 2006:Tematska strategija o urbanem okolju
12 July 2006: ematic strategy on the use of pesticides
12. julij 2006:Tematska strategija o uporabi pesticidov
The sixth EAP calls for seven ‘thematic strategies’ to deal with a number of specific environmental problems that require a comprehensive approach because of their complexity, the diversity of actors concerned, and the need to develop innovative solutions where possible.
Šesti okoljski akcijski program določa sedem „tematskih strategij“ za obravnavo številnih specifičnih okoljskih vprašanj, ki zaradi svoje zapletenosti, raznolikosti zadevnih akterjev in potrebe po razvoju inovativnih rešitev, kjer je to mogoče, zahtevajo celovit pristop.
Thematic strategies represent a new generation of environment policy, taking a time perspective up to 2020.
Tematske strategije predstavljajo novo generacijo okoljske politike, ki zajema časovni okvir do leta 2020.
They set clear environmental objectives, identify the most appropriate instruments to achieve these objectives, and aim to engage all actors that could contribute towards achieving them.
Določajo jasne okoljske cilje, opredeljujejo najprimernejše instrumente za njihovo doseganje ter si prizadevajo pritegniti vse akterje, ki bi lahko pripomogli k doseganju teh ciljev.
The aim has been to create useful synergies between the seven strategies, and to align them with existing sectoral policies, the EU’s ‘Lisbon agenda’ for growth and jobs,
Kot je razvidno iz njihovih naslovov, strategije obravnavajo bolj teme
The Kyoto flexible mechanisms
Prožni mehanizmi Kjotskega protokola
E  During 2008–12, an international emissions trading regime will be established allowing countries with Kyoto targets to buy and sell emission credits amongst themselves.
T Med letoma 2008–2012 bo vzpostavljen mednarodni sistem trgovanja z emisijami, ki bo državam s kjotskimi cilji omogočal, da med seboj kupujejo in prodajajo emisijske
The Earth is getting warmer and there are clear indications that climate change is happening.
Zemlja se segreva in obstajajo jasni dokazi o dejanskih podnebnih spremembah.
Over the course of the 20th century the global average temperature rose by about 0.6°C and the mean temperature in Europe increased by almost 1°C. Tackling climate change is at the heart of EU environment policy, being the first of the four priority policy areas under the sixth EAP and also one of the main areas of action under the EU’s sustainable development strategy. The EU has taken decisive action to address the problem.
V 20. stoletju se je povprečna temperatura povečala za približno 0,6 °C, povprečna temperatura v Evropi pa za skoraj 1°C.
Inspired by this mechanism, the EU launched its own emissions trading scheme (ETS) on 1 January 2005 operating at company level across the EU-25.
Boj proti podnebnim spremembam je ena od najpomembnejših nalog okoljske politike EU, saj je prvo od štirih prednostnih področij v okviru šestega okoljskega akcijskega programa ter tudi eno glavnih področij ukrepanja v okviru strategije EU za trajnostni razvoj.
It represents the world’s f i first international emissions trading
EU je pri reševanju problema odločno ukrepala.
Two major international agreements provide the framework for combating climate change: 1.
Dva glavna mednarodna sporazuma zagotavljata okvir za boj proti podnebnim spremembam:1.
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC); 2. Kyoto Protocol.
Okvirna konvencija Združenih narodov o spremembi podnebja (UNFCCC)2.
and came into force on 16 February 2005.
Kjotski protokol protokol Konvencije je bil sprejet leta 1997 in je začel veljati 16. februarja 2005.
It sets legally binding limits on greenhouse gas emissions for industrialised countries which need to be achieved by 2012.
Določa pravno zavezujoče omejitve za emisije toplogrednih plinov v industrializiranih državah, ki jih je treba doseči do leta 2012.
Both agreements differentiate between industrialised and developing countries.
Oba sporazuma razlikujeta med industrializiranimi državami in državami v razvoju.
They are based on the principle that industrialised countries are responsible for the current bulk of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and have the capacity to reduce their emissions, and so should take the lead in doing so.
Temeljita na načelu, da so industrijsko razvite države odgovorne za trenutno količino toplogrednih plinov v atmosferi in so sposobne zmanjšati svoje emisije, zato bi morale imeti pri tem vodilno vlogo.