natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
January temperatures in Warsaw, for instance, are usually well below freezing whereas in Alsace they tend to remain above 0°C.
Nekatere so prišle iz Alp in Karpatov, druge so se priselile z juga iz Sredozemlja ali z Balkanskega polotoka. Nekatere pa so prišle z vzhoda.
Countries involved
Vključene države
Netherlands, United Kingdom
Estonija, Finska, Latvija, Litva, Švedska
Boreal
Celinska
After the last ice age, plants and animals recolonised central Europe via a number of dierent routes.
Glede človekove rabe regije je število prebivalstva razmeroma veliko, zlasti na severnih mestnih območjih Nemčije, Danske in Poljske.
Some came back down from the Alps and Carpathians, others migrated northwards from the Mediterranean or from the Balkan Peninsula. Yet others moved in from the east.
Srednja Evropa je bila dolga leta industrijsko središče Evrope, ki je zagotavljalo velik del preskrbe s premogom, železovo rudo, bakrom in jeklom.
The resulting diversity of plants, animals and habitat types is notably high, even if few are truly endemic to the region.
Na celotnih območjih, kot je Ruhrgebiet v zahodni Nemčiji, se raztezajo velike industrijske cone.
In terms of human use, population levels are generally high, especially in the northern urban areas of Germany, Denmark and Poland.
Avstrija, Bolgarija, Nemčija, Španija, Finska, Francija, Italija, Poljska, Romunija, Slovenija, Slovaška, Švedska op er v e E
Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia t land of E
Češka, Madžarska, Romunija, Slovaška
Source:European Topic Centre on Biological Diversity (European Environment Agency) http://biodiversity.eionet.europa.eu October 2008
Vir:Evropski tematski center za biotsko raznovrstnost (Evropska agencija za okolje), http://biodiversity.eionet.europa.eu, oktober 2008.
Natura 2000 species in the Continental Region
Vrste Natura 2000 v celinski regiji
The fire-bellied toad Bombina bombina
Nižinski urh Bombina bombina e Natura 2000
The Continental Region harbours 184 animals and 102 rare plants listed in the Habitats Directive as well as over a third of the birds listed in Annex I of the Birds Directive.
V celinski regiji živi 184 živali in 102 redkih rastlin, navedenih v direktivi o habitatih, in več kot tretjina ptic iz priloge I k direktivi o pticah.
Many are associated with the characteristic beech, oak and hornbeam forests that are typical for the region.
Veliko jih je povezanih z bukovimi, hrastovimi in gabrovimi gozdovi, ki so značilni za to regijo.
Typical bird species include the black woodpecker Dryocopus martius, red kite Milvus milvus, hazel grouse Bonasa bonasia and collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis, amongst others.
Značilne vrste ptic med drugim vključujejo črno žolno Dryocopus martius, rjavega škarnika Milvus milvus, gozdnega jereba Bonasa bonasia in belovratega muharja Ficedula albicollis.
Beneath the canopy, a myriad insect and plant species have found a niche for themselves amidst the wide range of forest microhabitats.
Pod krošnjami so v zelo raznovrstnih gozdnih mikrohabitatih našle svoj kotiček neštete vrste žuželk in rastlin.
Because of the large number of rivers, marshes, floodplain meadows and other wetland habitats in the Continental Region, freshwater species are also well represented.
Zaradi veliko rek, močvirij, poplavnih travnikov in drugih mokriščnih habitatov v celinski regiji so dobro zastopane tudi sladkovodne vrste.
The otter Lutra lutra, for instance, is still relatively widespread although under increasing pressure from pollution and habitat loss.
Vidra Lutra lutra je na primer še vedno razmeroma dobro razširjena, čeprav jo vedno bolj ogrožata onesnaževanje in izguba habitatov.
The number of fish species is also particularly notable.
Precejšnje je tudi število ribjih vrst.
Over two thirds of those listed in the Habitats Directive occur here, including some rare endemics such as the zingel Zingel zingel or the Danube salmon Hucho hucho.
Tukaj živita več kot dve tretjini vrst iz direktive o habitatih, vključno z nekaterimi redkimi endemiti, kot je čep Zingel zingel ali donavski losos Hucho hucho.
The adults hibernate on land, but spend most of the spring and summer months in their breeding tarns.
Njegovi najljubši habitati so ekstenzivni travniki na tleh, bogatih s kalcijem, v srednji in vzhodni Evropi.
At these times the air is filled with the mournful sounds of its mating calls.
Odrasle živali hibernirajo na kopnem, večino pomladnih in poletnih mesecev pa preživijo v svojih mlakah, v katerih se razmnožujejo.
Unfortunately, many such habitats are now also intensively used for agriculture and as a consequence most suitable ponds have been ploughed up or heavily polluted.
Žal se zdaj veliko takšnih habitatov intenzivno uporablja tudi za kmetijstvo, tako da je večina najprimernejših ribnikov postala orna zemlja ali je zelo onesnažena.
Populations of there bellied toad have crashed as a result.
Zato so populacije nižinskega urha skoraj izginile.
Eorts are now underway to restore the ponds and their surrounds in various countries such as Denmark and Germany.
Zdaj poskušajo ribnike in njihovo okolico v različnih državah, kot sta Danska in Nemčija, obnoviti.
Captive bred specimens are also being reintroduced in the hope of re-enforcing the existing populations.
Poleg tega ponovno naseljujejo osebke, gojene v ujetništvu, da bi ponovno okrepili sedanje populacije.
The Continental Region also harbours many rare amphibians.
V celinski regiji je mogoče najti tudi veliko redkih dvoživk. Osem vrst iz direktive o habitatih živi le v porečju italijanske reke Pad.
They include a rare subspecies of the European spadefoot toad Pelobates fuscus insubricus, two species of cave salamander Hydromantes ambrosii and H strinatii as well as the elusive olm Proteus anguinus.
Vključujejo redke podvrste severnoitalijanske česnovke Pelobates fuscus insubricus, dve vrsti jamskega močerada Hydromantes ambrosii in H strinatii ter močerila Proteus anguinus.
important pockets of semi-natural grasslands and meadows are still being managed extensively, especially in the eastern and southern parts of the region.
Slednji je pravzaprav bolj značilen za jamske sisteme v Sloveniji, kjer je zaradi svoje blede kožne barve znan kot „človeška ribica“.
They attract species like the corncrake Crex crex or white stork Ciconia ciconia which depend on extensive farming systems for their survival.
Ob tem privabljajo vrste, kot je kosec Crex crex ali bela štorklja Ciconia ciconia, katerih preživetje je odvisno od ekstenzivnih sistemov kmetovanja.
It is estimated that there are some 40,000 storks in Poland alone, with one quarter of the world population breeding in the grasslands between the Oder and Bug rivers.
Po ocenah naj bi le na Poljskem živelo približno 40 000 štorkelj, pri čemer naj bi ena četrtina svetovne populacije gnezdila na traviščih med reko Odro in Bugom.
The latter is in fact more characteristic of the cave systems of Slovenia where it is known locally as the‘human fish’ because of its pallid skin colour.
Podobno kot na druge evropske regije tudi na velik del celinske pokrajine znatno vpliva kmetijstvo.
Reaching 25 cm in length, this rare amphibian has baed scientists for years by its ability to reach sexual maturity without undergoing metamorphosis.
Čeprav prevladuje intenzivno obsežno kmetijstvo, se pomembna vmesna področja polnaravnih travišč in travnikov zlasti na
The grasslands and wet meadows are also particularly rich in plant species and include such rare plants as the Bohemian bellower Campanula bohemica or the gentian Gentianella germanica.
Bogastvo rastlinskih vrst je značilno tudi za travišča in vlažne travnike, na katerih je mogoče najti redke rastline, kot je zvončica Campanula bohemica ali nemški sviščevec Gentianella germanica.
This central European salmonid lives exclusively in freshwater.
Ta srednjeevropski salmonid živi le v sladki vodi.
It can reach two metres in length and weigh up to 100 kg.
Zraste lahko do dveh metrov in tehta do 100 kg.
Once widespread in Austria and southern Germany, its range shrank dramatically following the construction of a series of large hydroelectric power plants, which eectively blocked access to many of its natural spawning streams.
Medtem ko je bil nekoč zelo razširjen v Avstriji in južni Nemčiji, se je območje njegove razširjenosti po gradnji več velikih hidroelektrarn, ki so mu dejansko onemogočile dostop do veliko naravnih vodotokov za drstenje, bistveno zmanjšalo.
Nowadays, it is restricted to four separate tributaries of the Austrian Danube.
Danes je omejen na štiri ločene pritoke Donave v Avstriji. Eno od njegovih zadnjih zatočišč je rečje Pielach-Melk v Spodnji Avstriji.
Here the spawning grounds are still relatively intact, but their access is restricted by no less than 13 obstacles, such as weirs and small hydroelectric mills, located over a distance of 45 km.
Tu so območja za drstenje še razmeroma nedotaknjena, vendar dostop do njih otežuje kar 13 ovir, kot so jezovi in majhni mlini na vodo, ki so razporejeni na razdalji 45 km.
Since 1999, work has been underway to render each of these obstructions passable for the salmon and, ultimately, to create a river continuum over 78 km, which would help to reconnect isolated populations.
Od leta 1999 potekajo dela, s katerimi naj bi zagotovili njihovo prehodnost za lososa in nenazadnje ustvarili nepretrgan rečni tok, ki bo dolg 78 km in bo prispeval k ponovni povezavi izoliranih populacij.
Map of Natura 2000 sites in the Continental Region
Zemljevid območij Natura 2000 v celinski regiji
The list of Natura 2000 sites in the Continental Region was first adopted in December 2004 and later updated in November 2007 and again in December 2008.
Seznam območij Natura 2000 v celinski regiji je bil prvič sprejet decembra 2004, posodobljen pa novembra 2007 in decembra 2008.
Altogether, within the Continental Region there are 7,475 Sites of Community Importance (SCIs) under the Habitats Directive and a further 1,478 Special Protection Areas (SPAs) under the Birds Directive.
V celinski regiji je skupaj 7 475 območij, pomembnih za Skupnost, (OPS) v skladu z direktivo o habitatih in 1 478 posebnih območij varstva (POV) v skladu z direktivo o pticah.
There is often considerable overlap between some SCIs and SPAs which means that the figures are not cumulative.
Nekatera območja, pomembna za Skupnost, in posebna območja varstva se pogosto precej prekrivajo, kar pomeni, da podatki niso zbirni.
Nevertheless, it is estimated that together they cover more than 10% of the total land area in this region.
Vendar se ocenjuje, da vanje spada skupaj več kot 10 % celotne površine te regije.
Natura 2000 s it
ObmočjaNatura2000
Number of habitat types in Annex I and species or subspecies in Annex II of the Habitats Directive.
Število habitatnih tipov iz priloge I in vrst ali podvrst iz priloge II k direktivi o habitatih ena s s V.
Region
Živali
Map based on site coordinates supplied by the European Commission through the University of Leuven, Division SADL, October 2008
Zemljevid temelji na koordinatah območij, ki jih je zagotovila Evropska komisija prek oddelka SADL Univerze Leuven, oktober 2008.
Source: European Topic Centre on Biological Diversity (European Environment Agency) http://biodiversity.eionet.europa.eu– the figures are not cumulative since many habitats and species occur in two or more biogeographical regions– Birds from Annex I of the Birds Directive are not listed as they are not categorized according to biogeographical region
Vir: Evropski tematski center za biotsko raznovrstnost (Evropska agencija za okolje), http://biodiversity.eionet.europa.eu.–Podatki niso zbirni, ker se veliko habitatov in vrst pojavlja v dveh ali več biogeografskih regijah.–Ptice iz priloge I k direktivi o pticah niso vključene, ker niso razvrščene po biogeografskih regijah.
% of total terrestrial area
% skupnega kopenskega območja
Total area covered(km²)
Skupna površina(km²)
Terrestrial area covered(km²)
Kopensko območje(km²)
Source: European Topic Centre on Biological Diversity (European Environment Agency) http://biodiversity.eionet.europa.eu October 2008
Vir:Evropski tematski center za biotsko raznovrstnost (Evropska agencija za okolje), http://biodiversity.eionet.europa.eu, oktober 2008.
SPAs and SCIs are not cumulative as there is considerable overlap between them Some sites are on the border between two regions, the database does not allow for the possibility to split sites between regions, therefore some sites may be counted twice Percentage of marine areas not available SPAs are not selected according to biogeographical region SPA area for the Steppic Region are calculated according to available GIS data
Podatki za POV in OPS niso zbirni, ker se POV in OPS znatno prekrivajo.Nekatera območja so na meji med dvema regijama, ker pa zbirka podatkov ne omogoča delitve območij med regije, so lahko nekatera območja šteta dvakrat.Odstotni delež morskih območij ni na voljo.POV niso izbrana glede na biogeografsko regijo.Površina POV za stepsko regijo je izračunana glede na podatke GIS, ki so na voljo.
Wet meadow with irises, Slovakia.
Vlažni travnik s perunikami, Slovaška. Fotografija © M.
Unfortunately, most of these riverine habitats have since disappeared or become disconnected and much reduced in size.
Žal je večina teh rečnih habitatov izginila ali so se razdrobili in bistveno zmanjšali.
Natura 2000 habitat types in the Continental Region
Habitatni tipi Natura 2000 v celinski regiji
Important tracks of bog woodland, alluvial forests and riparian mixed forests were also once commonplace along most river valleys and in the floodplains.
Prav tako so nekoč vzdolž večine rečnih dolin in na poplavnih ravnicah potekale pomembne poti barjanskih gozdov, obrečnih gozdov in obrečnih mešanih gozdov.
These exceptionally rich habitats play an important role as natural corridors through the broader landscape.
Ti zelo bogati habitati so pomembni kot naravni prehod skozi širšo pokrajino.
Most have however disappeared and are now increasingly scarce.
Vendar jih je večina izginila in so zdaj vedno bolj redki.
Before agriculture, much of the Continental Region was dominated by deciduous forests.
Gozdove so v obdelovalne površine, travnike in pašnike spremenili predvsem prvi prebivalci pred več sto leti.
Further east, beech is gradually replaced by oak and hornbeam whereas in the north, on high ground and in poorer soils, natural stands of conifers take over with increasing frequency, especially on the cooler north facing slopes.
Nastali polnaravni habitati so se postopno razvili v pomembna območja, na katerih se zbirajo domorodne vrste, vendar so tudi ta ogrožena zaradi upadanja tradicionalnega upravljanja in intenzifikacije kmetijske dejavnosti.
These exceptionally rich habitats play an important role for species dispersal as they provide a natural
Preden se je začelo razvijati kmetijstvo, je bil velik del celinske regije pokrit z listopadnimi gozdovi.
The transformation from forest to arable fields, meadows and pastures was mostly completed by early settlers hundreds of years ago.
Podnebni pogoji in tla so primerna zlasti za gozdove širokolistnih listavcev, kot je bukev Fagussylvaticus, ki so v tej regiji najbolj razširjeni.
The resulting semi-natural habitats eventually evolved into valuable reservoirs for native species but these too are under threat from a decline in traditional management and agricultural intensication.
Proti vzhodu bukev postopno nadomeščata hrast in gaber, na severu pa se na višje ležečih območjih in na tleh slabše kakovosti vse bolj razrašča naravni sestoj iglavcev, zlasti na hladnejših severnih pobočjih.
Today, grasslands cover around a sixth of the Continental Region, ranging from sub-alpine meadows and calcareous
Ti zelo bogati habitati so pomembni za razširjanje vrst, ker so naraven ekološki prehod, po katerem se lahko prostoživeče živalske in rastlinske vrste premikajo po
Situated along the Adriatic coast in the Continental Region, the low-lying Po Delta is the largest wetland in Italy and one of the most productive in the Mediterranean.
Nizko ležeča delta reke Pad, ki se razteza vzdolž obale Jadranskega morja v celinski regiji, je največje mokrišče v Italiji in eno najbolj produktivnih mokrišč v Sredozemlju.
It covers some 1,300 km², over a third of which is protected as an SPA under the Birds Directive.
Obsega približno 1 300 km², več kot tretjina območja pa je zavarovana kot posebno območje varstva v skladu z direktivo o pticah.
Over 280 species of birds can be seen here including the rare squacco heron Ardeola ralloides, pygmy cormorant Phalacrocorax pygmaeus and ferruginous duck Aythya nyroca.
Tu živi več kot 280 vrst ptic, vključno z redko čopasto čapljo Ardeola ralloides, pritlikavim kormoranom Phalacrocorax pygmaeus in kostanjevko Aythya nyroca.
The high species diversity is due to the sheer complexity of the terrestrial, fluvial and coastal habitats present.
Razlog za zelo veliko število različnih vrst je izjemna zapletenost kopenskih, rečnih in obalnih habitatov.
Rivers, marshlands, sand dunes, coastal lagoons, freshwater wetlands, ancient pinewoods and mixed oak woods all blend together in a rich patchwork of intertwining habitats.
Reke, močvirja, peščene sipine, obalne lagune, sladkovodna mokrišča, stari borovi in mešani hrastovi gozdovi ustvarjajo bogato paleto habitatov, ki se med sabo prepletajo.
Species from the Continental Region live side by side with those from the Mediterranean Region.
Vrste iz celinske regije živijo skupaj z vrstami iz sredozemske regije.
The long history of human use has contributed further to this complexity.
K tej zapletenosti je dodatno prispevala dolgotrajna človekova raba.
But the sheer level of activity and industrial scale development in recent times has taken its toll on the Po Delta’s natural riches.
Na naravno bogastvo delte reke Pad pa sta v zadnjem obdobju negativno vplivala zelo visoka raven dejavnosti in industrijski razvoj.
Eorts are now underway to develop a more unied approach to the long term management of the entire delta across all sectors.
Zato se zdaj poskuša razviti bolj enoten pristop k dolgoročnemu upravljanju celotne delte v vseh sektorjih.
Alluvial grasslands were once also extensive, covering large areas along river valleys.
Tudi aluvialna travišča so bila včasih zelo razširjena in so vključevala velika območja vzdolž rečnih dolin.
Although much reduced in size they still provide a refuge for many rare wetland species such as the Siberian iris Iris sibirica, the corncrake Crex crex and aquatic warbler Acrocephalus paludicola.
Čeprav so zdaj veliko manjša, so še vedno pribežališče za veliko redkih močvirskih vrst, kot so sibirska perunika Iris sibirica, kosec Crex crex in povodna trstnica Acrocephalus paludicola.
Other typical wetland habitats include lakes and bogs as well as extensive freshwater marshes and fens.
Med tipične mokriščne habitate spadajo tudi jezera in visoko barje ter obsežna sladkovodna močvirja in nizko barje.
The Biebrza river valley, in north-eastern Poland, for instance, harbours one of the largest and least disturbed marshland complexes in Central Europe.
V dolini reke Biebrza na severovzhodu Poljske je na primer eno od največjih in najbolj neokrnjenih močvirij v srednji Evropi.
This is thanks to the fact that the river itself retains a relatively intact hydrology which allows it to spread its watery load far and wide across the at plain.
Razlog za to je dejstvo, da reka ohranja svoje razmeroma nedotaknjeno hidrološko stanje, ki omogoča, da se razširi daleč po ravnici.
Elsewhere, extensive cave systems permeate through the karst landscape.
Drugje skozi kraško pokrajino prodirajo obsežni jamski sistemi.
These represent an important stronghold for many rare species of bats as well as other specialised fauna and flora.
Ti so pomembno zatočišče za veliko redkih vrst netopirjev ter druge specializirane živalske in rastlinske vrste.
The Sumava Caves of the Czech Republic and the Postojna Caves in Slovenia are some of the largest cave systems in Central Europe, each providing an important refuge for some of Europe’s rarest bat species.
Jama Šumava na Češkem in Postojnska jama v Sloveniji spadata med največje jamske sisteme v srednji Evropi in sta pomembno pribežališče za nekatere najredkejše vrste netopirjev v Evropi.
Covering some 120,000 ha, the Bialowieza Forest on the border between Poland and Belarus is one of the largest surviving area of virgin mixed forest in Europe.
Še en nenavaden, vendar značilen habitat celinske regije so sipine v celinskih predelih. V zadnji ledeni dobi je bilo v velikem delu srednje Evrope nanesenega veliko peska ali so ga velike reke odložile kot usedlino.
Once a private hunting reserve for Polish kings and Russian tsars, it has been protected as a strict nature reserve since the 1920s.
Podobno kot pri obalnih peščenih sipinah je bilo tudi pri teh neobdelanih površinah vloženega zelo veliko truda, da bi z zasaditvijo iglavcev in izboljšanjem tal te površine stabilizirali.
As a result, few forestry activities have taken place here which has allowed the formation of an exceptionally rich species diversity.
Zato so zdaj preostale sipine s specializiranimi živalskimi in rastlinskimi vrstami bistveno redkejše in zelo razdrobljene.
Up to 632 vascular plant species have been recorded so far, representing almost a third of all plants found in Poland.
Tu najdemo habitate odprtega morja, obrežja in prodnate elemente, slana travišča, lagune, sipine, peščene resave in obalne gozdove, ki omogočajo bogastvo prostoživečih živalskih in rastlinskih vrst.
Over 230 bird species have also been recorded including many species of eagle, owls and woodpeckers.
Tu sta največja premična sistema sipin v Evropi, in sicer Raabjerg Mile na Jutlandiji in Slowinski na Poljskem.
Inland dunes are another unusual but characteristic habitat of the Continental Region.
Gozd Bialowieza, ki obsega približno 120 000 ha in se razprostira na meji med Poljsko in Belorusijo, je eno od največjih preostalih območij z mešanim pragozdom v Evropi.
In the last Ice Age, sands were deposited across much of central Europe or brought down as sediment by large rivers.
Zato so gozdarske dejavnosti tu zelo omejene, kar je prispevalo k izjemnemu številu različnih vrst.
As with coastal sand formations, great eorts were made to stabilise these wastelands, through conifer plantations and soil enhancement.
Do zdaj je evidentiranih 632 vrst vaskularnih rastlin, kar je skoraj tretjina vseh rastlin, ki jih je mogoče najti na Poljskem.
As a result, the remaining dunes and their specialised fauna and flora are now much reduced and heavily fragmented.
Evidentiranih je tudi več kot 230 vrst ptic, vključno z veliko vrstami orla, sove in žolne.
Important populations of wolf, lynx and otter are also present but, perhaps, the forest is best known for its European bison population.
Tu živijo tudi pomembne populacije volka, risa in vidre, čeprav je gozd znan predvsem zaradi evropske populacije bizona.
This species was exterminated in 1919 but successfully reintroduced ten years later under strict supervision.
Ta vrsta je bila leta 1919 iztrebljena, vendar je bila po desetih letih pod strogim nadzorom ponovno naseljena.
The population has since grown to over 700 but because of the small number of source animals it remains highly vulnerable to genetic inbreeding.
Populacija zdaj vključuje več kot 700 osebkov, vendar je zaradi majhnega števila izvornih živali zelo občutljiva za gensko oplojevanje v ožjem sorodstvu.
The forest, and its centuries-old trees, is also under threat from encroaching forestry activities.
Gozd in njegova starodavna drevesa ogrožajo tudi gozdarske dejavnosti, s katerimi se posega v ta prostor.
Calaminarian grasslands occur on soils containing elevated levels of heavy metals, such as lead, zinc, chromium or copper.
Takšna travišča uspevajo na tleh, ki vsebujejo visoko raven težkih kovin, kot je svinec, cink, krom ali baker.
The greatest extent of the habitat occurs on articial sites associated with past mining activities (the habitat is in fact named after one of the oldest zinc mines in Belgium, the ‘calamine’).
Največji del habitata leži na umetnih območjih, povezanih z nekdanjimi rudarskimi dejavnostmi (habitat se dejansko imenuje po enem od najstarejših rudnikov cinka v Belgiji, tj. „calamine“).