natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Of course countries often have to spend more than their income in orderto invest, and this is particularly so in the rapidly growing economies of the new Member States – so largerbudget deficits are not always bad.
Seveda morajo drÏave zaradi naloÏb pogosto porabiti veã odsvojih prihodkov, kar ‰e zlasti velja za hitro rastoãa gospodarstva novih drÏav ãlanic – tako velikiproraãunski primanjkljaji niso vedno slabi.
However, strong control of budget deficits is a sign of sound finances,which helps attract foreign investment and promote growth.
Vendar pa je strog nadzor proraãunskih primanjkljajev znakzdravih financ in pomaga pritegniti tuje naloÏbe ter spodbujati rast.
The new Member States must find a balancebetween investment and prudence to sustain investor confidence.• The government debt criterion is a longer-term indicator of the sustainability of public finances.
Nove drÏave ãlanice morajo najti ravnoteÏje med naloÏbami in skrbjo za ohranitev zaupanja vlagateljev.• Merilo javnega dolga je dolgoroãni pokazatelj vzdrÏnosti javnih financ.
The interest onpublic debt must be paid, so large and growing public debts are expensive and can limit future spending inother areas, such as health and pension obligations. • To borrow money, governments issue longterm bonds that pay interest. If investors have low confidence in acountry’s longterm economic prospects, or if there is high inflation, then they will demand a higher interestrate – a risk premium.
Obresti javnega dolga je trebaplaãati, zaradi ãesar so veliki in nara‰ãajoãi javni dolgovi dragi in lahko omejijo prihodnjo porabo nadrugih podroãjih, kakor npr. v zdravstvu in sociali.• Da bi si izposodile denar, vlade izdajajo dolgoroãne obveznice, s katerimi plaãujejo obresti. âe vlagateljine zaupajo dolgoroãnim gospodarskim obetom drÏave ali ãe je inflacija visoka, bodo zahtevali vi‰jeobrestne mere – premijo za tveganje.
So the interest rate is one indicator of a country’s economic credibility and, for new Member States, of the progress of ‘real convergence’. • As the new Member States’ economies catch up, their currencies tend to rise against the euro.
Tako je obrestna mera eden od pokazateljev gospodarske bonitete drÏave, za nove drÏave ãlanice pa pokazatelj napredka „realne konvergence“.• Medtem ko gospodarstva novih drÏav ãlanic z visoko stopnjo rasti dohitevajo gospodarstva ostale EU, senjihove valute draÏijo v primerjavi z evrom.
On entering ERM-II, each country will fix an exchange rate against the euro and keep it stable within a ±15% band for twoyears.
Ob vstopu v ERM II vsaka drÏava doloãi menjalni teãaj z evrom in ga dve leti ohranja stabilnega v razponu +/–15 odstotkov.
This means that the Member State can no longer use exchange rates to manage the economy.
To pomeni, da drÏava ãlanica nemore veã uporabljati devizne politike za upravljanje gospodarstva.
It will haveto use other mechanisms, in particular structural and budgetary policies, to maintain stability and confidenceand to demonstrate a robust economy with real convergence, which is ready to enter the euro area.
Za ohranjanje stabilnosti in zaupanjater za prikaz vzdrÏljivega gospodarstva z realno konvergenco, ki je pripravljeno vstopiti v obmoãje evra,bo morala uporabiti druge mehanizme, zlasti s podroãja proraãunske politike.
Convergence and partnership – in the interest of all
PribliÏevanje in partnerstvo – v interesu vseh
The new Member States are catching up with the rest of the European Union.
Nove drÏave ãlanice poãasi dohitevajo ostale ãlanice Evropske unije.
Per capita GDP is much less thanthe EU average – but it is rising as their economies grow.
V primerjavi s povpreãjem v EUimajo precej niÏji BDP na prebivalca, vendar se ta zvi‰uje skupaj z rastjo njihovih gospodarstev.
This is the “real convergence” process.
To jeproces dejanskega pribliÏevanja.
The extensiverestructuring achieved during the pre-accession period continues today as the socio-economic structures andinstitutions become more deeply integrated into the European Union, a necessary process that helps drivegrowth and real convergence.
ObseÏno preoblikovanje, doseÏeno v predpristopnem obdobju, senadaljuje, saj so socialno-ekonomske in institucionalne strukture novih ãlanic vse tesneje vkljuãene v delovanje Evropske unije.
Each new Member State will follow a different path to the euro, entering onlywhen the criteria are met and the country is able to gain most benefit within the Stability and Growth Pact.
Vsaka drÏava bo imela drugaãno pot pri uvajanju evra, v obmoãje evra pabo vstopila ‰ele, ko bo izpolnila maastrichtska merila, kar ji bo omogoãilo kar najbolje izkoristiti Paktstabilnosti in rasti.
EMUand the euro are stepping stones on the path to closer integration, which will release more synergies for socialcohesion and wealth creation, both for the new members and for the whole euro area.
Ekonomska in monetarna unija je skupaj z evrom pomemben korak na poti k tesnej‰ipovezavi, ki bo prispevala k veãji socialni koheziji in blaginji tako v novih drÏavah ãlanicah kakor tudi nacelotnem obmoãju evra.
For further information:
Veã informacij lahko najdete na naslednjih naslovih:
European Commission, Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs http://europa.eu.int/comm/economy_finance/index_en.htm
Evropska komisija, Generalni direktorat za ekonomske in finanãne zadeve http://europa.eu.int/comm/economy_finance/index_en.htm
© EUROPEAN COMMISSION, 2005Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs
© Evropska komisija, 2005Generalni direktorat za ekonomske in finanãne zadeve
Further info at:
Dodatne informacije:
European Commission Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs http://europa.eu.int/comm/economy_finance/index_en.htm
Generalni direktorat Evropske komisije za gospodarske in finančne zadeve http://europa.eu.int/comm/economy_finance/index_en.htm nance/index_en.htm
A consumer price index is an economic indicator designed to measure changes in the prices that householdspay for goods and services.
Indeks maloprodajnih cen je ekonomski kazalec, za merjenj gibanjae cen blaga in storitev, ki se uporabljajo v gospodinjstvu.
There is a Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) for the euro area.
Na območju evra se uporablja harmonizirani indeks cen življenjskih potrebščin (HICP).
Everymonth, the national statistical offices in the euro area use ‘harmonised’ methods to record consumer pricesfor a range of goods and services – known as the ‘basket’.
Nacionalni statistični uradi vsak mesec s “harmoniziranimi” metodami merijo cene življenjskih potrebščin za izbrano blago in storitve − tako imenovano “košarico”.
Over one million monthly price observations arecollected, for a basket including more than 100 items, each with a weighting that reflects its contribution
Vsak mesec se zbere več kot milijon cen za košarico, v kateri je več kakor 100 artiklov, pri čemer je vsak ponderiran glede na delež, ki ga zavzema v mesečnih izdatkih za gospodinjstvo; primeri so podani v tabeli. Eurostat, Statistični http://europa.eu.int/comm/eurostat/
Main groupsin the HICP
Glavne skupine HICP
Bread and cereals, vegetables, etc.
Kruh in žito, zelenjava itd.
Food and non-alcoholicbeverages http://www.ecb.int/
Hrana in brezalkoholne pijače
Alcohol and tobacco Clothing and footwear Housing Household equipment Health Transport Communications Recreation and culture Education Hotels and restaurants Miscellaneous
Vino, pivo itd.Oblačilni dodatki, popravila čevljev itd.Stanovanjske najemnine, elektrika itd.Preproge, pohištvo, gospodinjski aparati itd.Zdravila, zobozdravstvene storitve itd.Avtomobilski deli, vozovnice za vlak itd.Telefonski računi itd.Popravila glasbil, vrtne rastline itd.Knjige itd.Restavracije in kavarne itd.
The HICP plays an important role in guidingmonetary policy, as it is the main measureused by the European Central Bank toassess price stability in the euro area.
Alkohol in tobak Oblačila in obutev Nastanitev Stanovanjska oprema Zdravje Prevoz Komunikacije Rekreacija in kultura Izobrazba Hoteli in restavracije Razno
Hairdressers, house insurance,social protection, etc.
Frizerji, stanovanjsko zavarovanje, socialna zaščita itd.
The European Central Bank _BAR_ targeting inflation
Evropska centralna banka in evro
The ECB guides monetary policy in the euro area and acts independently to maintain price stability.
ECB določa monetarno politiko na območju evra in si z neodvisnim delovanjem prizadeva ohranjati stabilnost cen.
Usingthe monthly HICP to monitor price inflation, the ECB and the national banks control the base interestrates in the euro area, which determine the cost of borrowing and thus has a strong but delayed influenceon prices and inflation.
ECB in nacionalne banke z uporabo mesečnega HICP za spremljanje rasti cen nadzorujejo temeljne obrestne mere na območju evra, ki vplivajo na stroške najemanja posojil in imajo tako močan, a zapoznel učinek na cene in inflacijo.
The ECB targets an annual price inflation rate, as measured by the HICP, of close to, but below 2%.
ECB si prizadeva, da bi letna stopnja rasti cen, merjena s HICP, ostala pod ravnjo 2 %.
Thisis the optimum rate to allow the euro area economy to reap the full benefits of stability.
To je optimalna stopnja, ki gospodarstvu na območju evra omogoča, da polno žanje sadove stabilnosti.
The success ofeconomic and monetary union and the ECB in controlling price inflation is seen in the stable inflation ratesince the ECB started operations in January 1999, around 2%, much less than in the preceding decades(see graph 2).The euro also brings other, more direct benefits to citizens.
Uspeh gospodarske in monetarne unije in ECB pri nadzoru rasti cen se odraža na stabilni stopnji inflacije po začetku delovanja ECB v januarju 1999 − okrog 2 %, kar je precej manj kakor v prejšnjih desetletjih (glej grafikon). Evro državljanom prinaša tudi druge, bolj neposredne prednosti.
A single currency allows price comparisonsacross the euro area, which increases competition and keeps prices down.
Enotna valuta omogoča primerjavo cen na celotnem območju evra, kar povečuje konkurenco in ohranja cene na nižji ravni.
Travel is also much easier andcheaper, as the costs of exchanging currencies have disappeared.
Poenostavila in pocenila so se tudi opotovanja, saj ni več stroškov z menjavanjem valut.
Graph 2Inflation in the euro area since the 1970s After the high inflation of the 1970s,preparation for EMU helped inflation to fallover the next decades, reaching theoptimum level of around 2% per year.
Grafikon 2:Infl acija na območju evra od 70. let prejšnjega stoletja. Po visoki inflaciji v 70. letih prejšnjega stoletja se je ta zaradi priprav na gospodarsko in monetarno unijo v naslednjih desetletjih zniževala in dosegla optimalno stopnjo 2 % na leto.
0 0 Source: adapted from Eurostat/ECB data
Vir: izdelano na podlagi podatkov Eurostat/ECB.
Is life more expensive in euro?
Je življenje z evrom dražje?
five frequently asked questions five frequently asked questions
Nizka inflacija, pogoj za stabilnost cen, je pomembna, ker spodbuja
Perceptions and reality
So se cene torej
Yes, some did, but prices rise most years due to current inflation
So se cene zaradi evra povišale?
Yes, some did, but prices rise most years due to current inflation
Da, nekatere so se.
So, did prices rise when not linked to the money changeover.
Vendar se cene skoraj vsako leto povišajo zaradi inflacije, ne pa zaradi prehoda na drugo valuto.
Average price inflation in 2002, the not linked to the money changeover.
Leta 2002, ko je v obtok prišel evro, je bila letna rast cen 2,3-odstotna, kar je toliko kot leto poprej.
Average price inflation in 2002, the we started paying in euro?
To pomeni, da je bilo treba v veleblagovnici za košarico izdelkov splošne porabe leta 2001 odšteti 100 evrov, leta 2002 pa 102,3 evra.
year euro banknotes were introduced, was 2.3%, the same as the year before.
dvignile, odkar plačujemo v evrih?
on average, 102.3 in 2002.
Predstave in dejansko stanje
Did the switch to the the long-term investment that leads to economic growth.
Ali so cene višje dolgoročne investicije, te pa so podlaga za gospodarsko rast.
It also enhances socialcohesion by preventing growing disparities in wealth.
Krepi tudi socialno kohezijo, saj preprečuje povečevanje premoženjskih razlik med prebivalstvom.
For these reasons, the EU Treatysets maintaining stable prices as a key objective of economic and monetary union(EMU).
Zato je eden ključnih ciljev gospodarske in monetarne unije v Pogodbi EU ohranjanje stabilnosti cen.
Therefore, to keep prices stable, the European Central Bank targets an inflationrate close to, but below 2% as the optimum for the euro area (see paragraph The European Central Bank _BAR_ Targeting inflation on the last page).
Evropska centralna banka si je tako za območje evra zadala cilj doseči stopnjo inflacije okrog 2 %, kar zagotavlja stabilnost cen (glej odstavek Evropska centralna banka in evro na zadnji strani).
The European Commission regularly monitorsconsumer prices for the same range euro contribute to thehigher prices we pay today?
zaradi prehoda na evro?
Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the European Communities,compiles an averaged index of consumer price for the euro area, the ‘HICP’ (see paragraph Monitoringconsumer prices _BAR_ the HICP on the last page).
Eurostat, Statistični urad Evropskih skupnosti, oblikuje HICP, povprečni indeks maloprodajnih cen za območje evra (glej odstavek Spremljanje maloprodajnih cen/HICP na zadnji strani).
Changes in the HICP show changes in consumer price
Spremembe HICP odražajo spremembe v rasti maloprodajnih cen.
Yes – but only by a small amount.
Leta 2002, ko je v obtok prišel evro, je bila rast maloprodajnih cen glede na podatke HICP za košarico 2,3-odstotna.
In fact, the average consumer price increase due to the euro changeover
Ta dvig pa je bil večinoma posledica višjih cen za uvoženo nafto, višjih davkov na tobak ter vpliva slabega vremena in ogroženega zdravja živali na ceno nekaterih živil.
In fact, the average consumer price increase due to the euro changeover
Prehod na evro je k skupni 2,3-odstotni rasti cen prispeval le 0,1 do 0,3 %.
3 was estimated to be only 0.1 to 0.3 % out of the 2.3 % normal inflation for was estimated to be only 0.1 to 0.3 % out of the 2.3 % normal inflation for the year.
zaradi začetka plačevanja v evrih v povprečju prispeval le 0,1 do 0,3 % k običajni letni 2,3-odstotni inflaciji.
So if the average price rise was 2.3 euros for a 100 basket we buy the year.
Če se je torej košarica, vredna 100 evrov, podražila za 2,3 evra, je prehod na evro k temu prispeval le trideset centov. Preostanek je treba pripisati drugim dejavnikom.
was due to the euro.
To so vendar povprečne vrednosti!
The remainder was due to other factors.
Kaj pa dejanski zneski, ki jih vsi plačujemo?
These are averages!What happened to thereal prices that we allpay?
Nekaj posameznih cen se je precej dvignilo − večinoma pa so ostale na enaki ravni in druge so celo padle.
A few individual prices rose by quite a lot – but most did not and others fell.
Spremembe cen zaradi evra v obtoku se razlikujejo po področjih, cene živil in davki se na primer niso povišali zaradi evra.
The price ose by quite a lot – but most did not and others fell.
Dražji pa je obisk avtomehanika, frizerja in nekatere druge storitve.
The price changes we can attribute to the euro changeover vary according to the sector, for example food prices and euro changeover vary according to the sector, for example food prices and taxes did not rise because of the euro.
Predvsem lastniki manjših, lokalnih prodajaln in lokalni ponudniki storitev so izkoristili prihod evra in dvignili cene − kljub pozivom, naj tega ne storijo.
But the costs of car repairs, a haircut and some other services did.
Treba je poudariti, da je plačevanje v evrih za večino državljanov v območju evra le malo prispevalo k inflaciji in dvigu življenjskih stroškov.
These price rises were concentrated in smaller, local shops and services that could take advantage of the new ted in smaller, local shops and services that could take advantage of the new euro to raise their prices, despite the calls not to do so.
Med spremljanjem košarice HICP pred prihodom evra v obtok in po njem se je pokazalo, da so se neobičajno podražile le nekatere postavke.
The important point is that the introduction of euro e the calls not to do so. The important point is that the introduction of euro cash added little to inflation and the cost of living for most citizens in the euro area.
Cene so se na primer občutno dvignile v nekaterih restavracijah, kavarnah in frizerskih salonih, več stanejo tudi avtomobilska in hišna popravila ter šport in rekreacija.
n and the cost of living for most citizens in the euro area.
Podražile so se predvsem storitve na lokalni ravni, kjer je konkurenca šibka.
These price rises were concentrated in local, neighbourhood services that have littlecompetition.
Vzrok za to lahko iščemo pri evru, saj se zdi, da so nekateri majhni trgovci na drobno izkoristili prihod evra v obtok za dvig cen.
They can be attributed to the euro as it seems that some small retailers took theopportunity to raise their prices at the same time that euro banknotes and coins were introduced.In contrast, many other prices remained steady or, in the case of a lot of manufactured products likecomputers, photographic and stereo equipment, continued to fall, partly because the technologybecame cheaper.
Po drugi strani pa je precej drugih cen ostalo stabilnih ali pa so še naprej padale, na primer pri veliko končnih izdelkih, kakor so računalniki, fotografska in glasbena oprema, vendar to lahko pripišemo tudi pocenitvi tehnologije.
So why does everyone
Zakaj imajo torej vsi občutek, da so cene višje zaradi evra?
As well as actual prices, the Commission also monitors our perceptions seem to believe that the eurobrought higher prices?
Neobičajno so se dvignile cene za vrsto drobnih artiklov, ki jih pogosto kupujemo.
These everyday purchases influence our perceptions more than less frequent, but often
vplivajo na naše dojemanje kakor redkejši, a pogosto večji nakupi, pri katerih pa so se cene dvignile malo ali pa sploh ne.
Across Europe, many of us are convinced that the euro
Naš dojemanje inflacije temelji na majhnih nakupih z gotovino, ki jo imamo pri sebi.
Everyday, small, much larger purchases, which showed few or noprice increases.
Primerjava te “harmonizirane potrošniške raziskave” z dejansko rastjo cen v grafikonu kaže, da je bilo mnenje potrošnikov o rasti cen dolga leta precej usklajeno z dejanskim položajem.
It is paying for small items, with themoney in our pockets, which forms our impressionsabout inflation.
Ko pa smo začeli plačevati z evri, se je pojavil razkorak med dejanskim in domnevnim gibanjem cen − pri čemer potrošniki vedno precenjujejo dejansko inflacijo. acijo.
brought major price increases.
Veliko Evropejcev nas je prepričanih, da je evro povzročil občutne podražitve.
Consumer opinion polls showthis clearly.
O tem jasno pričajo javnomnenjske raziskave med potrošniki.
But in reality,we perceived much largerprice rises than the actual price inflation –even in of price inflation.
V resnici pa je naš vtis precej presegel dejansko rast cen − tudi v državah, kjer se je inflacija zmanjšala.
Each month, 20000 EU consumers are asked for theirimpressions on how prices for everyday goods have risen or fallen. Comparingthis ‘harmonised consumer survey’ to real price inflation, as shown in graph 1,shows that for many years, consumer perceptions of inflation followed actualprice inflation quite closely.
To pa zato, ker so se s prihodom evra v obtok neobičajno podražili nekateri vsem dostopni in pogosti izdelki ali storitve, kakor so skodelica kave v kavarni, kruh, popravilo avtomobila, vstopnica za športno tekmovanje ali obisk frizerja.
cash purchases determine our perceptions of price inflation more than less frequent purchases, such as a newcomputer, insurance or rental costs.
Vsakodnevni majhni nakupi bolj vplivajo na naše dojemanje rasti cen kakor redkejši izdatki, recimo nakup novega računalnika, zavarovanje ali stroški najemnine.
However, their influence on the cost of living is less – they only form asmall part of the HICP basket.
Vendar pa je njihov vpliv na življenjske stroške manjši − zavzemajo le majhen del košarice HICP.
But our perception of price rises during the euro changeover corresponds moreclosely to the price inflation of these more frequently bought items than to that of the whole basket.
Naš vtis o vsesplošnih podražitvah s prehodom na evro tako bolj temelji na cenah artiklov, ki jih kupujemo pogosto, kakor na vsebini celotne košarice.
Thisshows that while people have good reasons for the impression of widespread price increases during the switchto the euro, in reality these were limited and had only a small effect on the total cost of living.
Torej mnenje o dvigu cen zaradi prehoda na evro sicer ni bilo brez podlage, vendar pojav dejansko ni bil vsesplošen in ni veliko vplival na življenjske stroške.
Introductionof euro cash to prevent unjustifiedprice rises and what can bedone in the future?
Drugi ukrepi vključujejo: označevanje cen po prodajalnah v nacionalni valuti in
Our perception of inflation
Osenčeno območje − Razkorak
30 before and after the changeover, to let consumers make price comparisons; agreements with industryon consumer-friendly pricing practices; and running extensive information campaigns for the generalpublic.
Naše dojemanje inflacije acije z na a a v z evrih pred prevzemom in po njem, tako da jih bodo potrošniki lahko primerjali; dogovori z industrijo o potrošnikom prijazni praksi oblikovanja cen in široko zastavljeno ozaveščanje javnosti.
These measures were effective, but it was mainly large distributors and supermarket chainswho responded well.
Ukrepi so bili učinkoviti, vendar je bil dober predvsem odziv velikih distributerjev in verig veleblagovnic.
It proved more difficult to reach local shops and services.
Teže je bilo prodreti do lokalnih prodajaln in ponudnikov storitev.
Actual inflation
Dejanska inflacija acija k zl i a R t na stopnja s p r em em b Le
0 B al an ce of consumer p authorities took measures to ensure exact price conversion, workingwith central banks, consumer organisations and the retail industry to preventabusive price rises.
Evropska komisija in državni organi so med pripravami na zamenjavo denarja sprejeli ukrepe za zagotovitev natančnega pretvarjanja cen, pri čemer si v sodelovanju s centralnimi bankami, organizacijami potrošnikov in maloprodajno dejavnostjo prizadevali preprečiti njihovo neupravičeno rast.
For example, the one and two euro cent coins were distributedwidely to retailers to discourage the abusive rounding up of prices.
Trgovci na drobno so na primer prejeli veliko kovancev po en in dva centa, da bi jih odvrnili od zaokrožanja zneskov.
These measureswere very effective and unjustified price rises were limited to local shops andservices not covered by nationwide or industry-wide agreements and with littlelocal competition.
Ti ukrepi so bili zelo učinkoviti, tako da so bile neupravičene podražitve omejene na lokalne prodajalne in storitve, ki niso vključene v državne ali panožne sporazume in jih ne ogroža konkurenca.
As other Member States adopt the euro, particular attentionwill be given to these problematic sectors to avoid abusive price rises.
Ko bodo evro sprejele tudi druge države članice, se bo posebna pozornost posvetila tem problematičnim sektorjem, tako da bi se izognili neupravičenim dvigom cen.
Source: Commission Services
Vir: službe Komisije.
European Commission
Ena valuta za eno Evropo
One currency for one Europe e euro - a force for worldeconomic stability e road to the euro e European Institutions - working together e European Parliament,whose members
Evropski parlament,katerega poslanci so
Stable international currencies contribute greatly to the stability of the global economy. is is important not only for trade and investment but also, longer-term, for rising standards of living and economic growth in both the industrialised nations and developing countries.
Stabilne mednarodne valute veliko prispevajo k stabilnosti globalnega gospodarstva. To je pomembno, ne samo za trgovino in naložbe, ampak dolgoročno tudi za dvig življenjskega standarda in gospodarsko rast, tako v industrializiranih državah kot v državah v razvoju.