natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
So far, the IPCC has published three reports — in 1990, 1995 and 2001.
Do zdaj je Forum objavil tri poročila – leta 1990, 1995 in 2001.
From all the available evidence, the IPCC has concluded that greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere have increased mainly as a result of human activities.
Na podlagi vseh razpoložljivih dokazov je ugotovil, da so se koncentracije toplogrednih plinov v ozračju povišale zlasti zaradi človekovih dejavnosti.
It is also the IPCC’s assessment that temperatures will rise by between 1.4° and 5.8° Celsius by 2100 (see p. 7).
Prav tako je ocenil, da se bodo do leta 2100 temperature povišale za 1,4 °C do 5,8 °C (glej stran 7).
Quite simply: we need to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
Precej preprosto: zmanjšati je treba emisije toplogrednih plinov v ozračje.
Some greenhouse gases are long-lived, which means that they stick around in the atmosphere for decades or even longer.
Nekateri toplogredni plini so dolgoživi, kar pomeni, da ostanejo v ozračju več desetletij ali celo dlje.
Even if we take firm action now, temperatures will continue to rise for a while.
Tudi če zdaj resno ukrepamo, se bodo temperature še nekaj časa poviševale.
However, if we do not take any action, temperatures will increase even more, and at some point the climate could spiral out of control.
Če pa sploh ne ukrepamo, se bodo temperature še bolj povišale in v nekem trenutku bomo povsem izgubili nadzor nad podnebjem.
Reducing our greenhouse gas emissions will require investments and changes to how we produce and use energy.
Če želimo zmanjšati emisije toplogrednih plinov, bodo potrebne naložbe in spremembe načina proizvodnje in uporabe energije.
Recent studies find that the price of doing nothing would be much higher because of the damage and suffering that unconstrained climate change would cause.
Nedavne študije so pokazale, da bi bila cena veliko večja, če ne bi ukrepali, ker bi bila škoda in trpljenje, ki bi jih povzročile neomejevane podnebne spremembe, velika.
What governments are doing
Kaj delajo vlade
In the 1980s, evidence of climate change was mounting.
V 80. letih prejšnjega stoletja je bilo vse več dokazov o podnebnih spremembah.
Governments realised how big a threat climate change was and that they had to do something about it.
Vlade so spoznale, kako močno nas ogrožajo in da morajo nekaj storiti v zvezi s tem.
They also realised that they had to work together to have a chance of success.
Prav tako so spoznale, da morajo sodelovati, če želijo uspeti.
Climate change is a global issue because all countries contribute, in varying degrees, to greenhouse gas emissions, and all countries are affected by it.
Podnebne spremembe so svetovno vprašanje, ker vse države prispevajo, čeprav v različnih stopnjah, k emisijam toplogrednih plinov in ker to vpliva na vse.
So no country can solve the problem on its own.
Zato težav ne more rešiti nobena država sama.
The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
Okvirna konvencija ZN o podnebnih spremembah
In 1992, governments agreed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
Leta 1992 so vlade sprejele Okvirno konvencijo Združenih narodov o podnebnih spremembah (UNFCCC).
So far, this international agreement has been formally accepted by 189 countries — almost all the countries in the world.
Ta mednarodni sporazum je do zdaj formalno sprejelo 189 držav – skoraj vse države sveta.
The ultimate objective of this Convention is: the stabilisation of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic [human-induced] interference with the climate system.
Glavni cilj te konvencije je: ustalitev koncentracije toplogrednih plinov v ozračju na takšni ravni, ki bo preprečila nevarno antropogeno [ki ga povzroča človek] poseganje v podnebni sistem.
Such a level should be achieved within a timeframe sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and
Ta raven naj bi bila dosežena v takšnem časovnem obdobju, ki ekosistemom omogoča naravno prilagoditev spremembi podnebja, ki zagotavlja, da ne bo ogroženo pridobivanje hrane, in ki omogoča trajnostni gospodarski razvoj.
Under the Convention, the 189 governments monitor and report the greenhouse gases they produce, develop climate change strategies, and help the poorer among them address climate change.
V skladu s Konvencijo 189 vlad spremlja toplogredne pline, ki jih proizvajajo, in poroča o njih, razvija strategije v zvezi s podnebnimi spremembami in pomaga revnejšim državam obravnavati podnebne spremembe.
They meet once a year to discuss things and decide what to do next.
Države se srečujejo enkrat na leto, da bi razpravljale o različnih vprašanjih in odločale o tem, kako bodo ravnale v prihodnje.
The Convention was designed as an umbrella under which more action would be agreed in the future.
Konvencija je temeljni sporazum, v skladu s katerim naj bi se v prihodnosti dogovorili o dodatnih ukrepih.
In 1997, in the Japanese city of Kyoto, the governments took the next step and agreed the important Kyoto Protocol.
Leta 1997 so države naredile naslednji korak in v mestu Kjoto na Japonskem sprejele pomemben Kjotski protokol.
This treaty commits the industrialised countries among them to reduce or limit their greenhouse gas emissions and reach certain emission targets by 2012.
S to pogodbo se industrializirane države zavezujejo, da bodo zmanjšale ali omejile emisije toplogrednih plinov in do leta 2012 dosegle določene ciljne emisije.
For each country, there is a target.
Cilj je določen za vsako državo.
The Kyoto Protocol focuses on industrialised countries because they are responsible for most of the past and current greenhouse gas emissions and have the knowledge and money to reduce them.
Kjotski protokol je osredotočen na industrializirane države, ker so odgovorne za večino preteklih in sedanjih emisij toplogrednih plinov ter imajo znanje in denar, ki sta potrebna za zmanjšanje emisij.
For example, the amount of greenhouse gases produced in the EU is 11 tonnes per citizen every year, while developing countries produce only around 1 tonne per citizen each year.
V EU je, na primer, vsako leto proizvedenih 11 ton toplogrednih plinov na prebivalca, v državah v razvoju pa je na leto proizvedena le približno 1 tona na prebivalca.
The Kyoto Protocol came into legal force on 16 February 2005.
Kjotski protokol je začel veljati 16. februarja 2005.
So far, 150 governments, including all 25 EU countries, have formally adopted it ().
Do zdaj ga je formalno sprejelo 150 vlad, vključno z vsemi 25 državami EU ().
Thirty-six are industrialised countries and have Kyoto targets, most of which require greenhouse gas reductions of5 to 8 % from 1990 levels by 2012.
Med njimi je šestintrideset industrializiranih držav in zanje so določeni kjotski cilji, v skladu s katerimi bodo do leta 2012 morale zmanjšati stopnje toplogrednih plinov, ki so jih dosegale leta 1990, za 5 do 8 %.
Only the US and Australia have decided not to participate in the Kyoto Protocol although they had initially planned to do so.
Sodelovanje pri Kjotskem protokolu so zavrnile le Združene države in Avstralija, čeprav so na začetku načrtovale, da bodo sodelovale.
() The status of the number of ratifications is as of 29 April 2005.
() Število ratifikacij z dne 29. aprila 2005.
The Kyoto Protocol is a first step — even when it was negotiated, it was clear that it would not be enough to stop climate change.
Kjotski protokol je le prvi korak – že ob sklenitvi je bilo jasno, da Protokol ne bo zadoščal, če želimo ustaviti podnebne spremembe.
But the Protocol is crucial because it signals to the rest of the world that the vast majority of industrialised nations are willing to change course to save the world’s climate.
Vseeno je bistven korak, ker ostalemu svetu sporoča, da je velika večina industrializiranih narodov pripravljena spremeniti svojo smer, da bi rešila svetovno podnebje.
It has also introduced various mechanisms under which countries cooperate in reducing emissions, which will lower costs.
Poleg tega je Protokol uvedel različne mehanizme za sodelovanje držav pri zmanjšanju emisij, zaradi česar se bodo znižali stroški.
What the EU is doing
Kaj dela EU
The European Union is at the forefront of the global fight against climate change.
Evropska unija je v ospredju svetovnega boja proti podnebnim spremembam.
It is convinced that as a major economic power it has a duty to lead by example.
Prepričana je, da mora kot gospodarska velesila dajati zgled.
During the negotiations of the Kyoto Protocol, the 15 countries that made up the EU at the time (marked in yellow, see box next page) took on a particularly ambitious target: to reduce their collective greenhouse gas emissions by 8 % below 1990 levels until 2012.
Med pogajanji za sklenitev Kjotskega protokola si je 15 držav, ki so takrat sestavljale EU (označene z rumeno barvo, glej tabelo na naslednji strani), zastavilo zelo visok cilj: da bodo do leta 2012 znižale skupne emisije toplogrednih plinov za 8 % pod stopnje, ki so jih dosegale leta 1990.
They then decided how much each of them should do for this collective target to be reached, taking into account the economic situation and industrial structure of each country.
Določile so, koliko mora vsaka država prispevati, če želijo doseči ta skupni cilj, pri tem pa so upoštevale gospodarski položaj in industrijsko sestavo posamezne države.
Most have to reduce their emissions, but some are allowed to increase them up to a certain limit, while others must keep their emissions at the same levels as in 1990.
Večina jih mora zmanjšati emisije, nekatere jih lahko še povečajo do določene meje, druge pa morajo ohraniti emisije na enaki stopnji, kot so jo dosegale leta 1990.
The ten countries that joined the EU on 1 May 2004 (marked in blue) have individual targets under the Protocol with the exception of Cyprus and Malta, which have no targets.
Za deset držav, ki so se pridružile EU 1. maja 2004 (označene z modro), Protokol določa posamezne cilje, razen Cipra in Malte, ki nimata določenih nobenih ciljev.
EU Member States with individual targets under the Kyoto Protocol
Države članice EU, za katere Kjotski protokol določa posamezne cilje
EU Member States sharing an 8 % reduction target under the Kyoto Protocol
Države članice EU, ki si po Kjotskem protokolu delijo 8-odstotni cilj zmanjšanja
Estonia Hungary Latvia Lithuania Poland Slovak Republic Slovenia
Madžarska Latvija Litva Poljska Slovaška Slovenija
Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Portugal Spain Sweden
Danska Finska Francija Nemčija Grčija Irska Italija Luksemburg Nizozemska Portugalska Španija Švedska
In March 2000, the EU launched the European Climate Change Programme (ECCP).
Marca 2000 je EU uvedla Evropski program o podnebnih spremembah (ECCP).
Together with representatives from industry, environmental associations and other interested groups, the EU has identified 42 measures that will help its member states reduce their greenhouse gas emissions in a cost-effective way.
Skupaj s predstavniki industrije, okoljskih združenj in drugih zainteresiranih skupin je določila 42 ukrepov, ki bodo državam članicam pomagali zmanjšati emisije toplogrednih plinov na stroškovno učinkovit način.
All these measures have already become law or are in the process of being adopted.
Vsi ti ukrepi so že določeni z zakonom ali pa poteka postopek za njihovo sprejetje.
A cornerstone of EU climate change policies is the EU’s emissions trading scheme launched on 1 January 2005.
Temelj politike EU o podnebnih spremembah je sistem EU za trgovanje z emisijami, ki je bil uveden 1. januarja 2005.
EU governments have set limits to how much CO some 12 000 power plants and energy-intensive factories are allowed to emit per year.
Vlade EU so določile omejitve, ki opredeljujejo, koliko CO lahko proizvede približno 12 000 elektrarn in energetsko intenzivnih tovarn na leto.
These plants account for almost half of the EU’s CO emissions.
Te elektrarne proizvajajo skoraj polovico emisij CO v EU.
Those plants that emit less CO than they are allowed to can sell the unused emission quotas to other factories that are not doing that well.
Elektrarne, ki proizvedejo manj CO, kot jim je dovoljeno, lahko neporabljene kvote emisij prodajo drugim tovarnam, ki niso tako uspešne.
This provides for a financial incentive to reduce emissions.
To je finančna spodbuda za zmanjšanje emisij.
The system also makes sure that there are buyers for the emission allowances.
Sistem tudi zagotavlja, da obstajajo kupci pravic do emisij.
Companies that exceed their emission limits and do not cover them with emission rights bought from others will have to pay hefty penalties.
Gospodarske družbe, ki presežejo mejne vrednosti emisij in jih ne nadomestijo s pravicami za emisije, ki jih kupijo od drugih, bodo morale plačati velike kazni.
The emissions trading scheme will make
Sistem za trgovanje z emisijami bo zagotovil
16 sure that emissions are cut where it is cheapest, and lower the overall costs of reducing emissions.
16 zmanjšanje emisij, kjer je to najceneje, in znižal skupne stroške zmanjšanja emisij.
Other ECCP measures are, for example, aimed at improving the fuel-efficiency of cars and the energy efficiency of buildings (better insulation can reduce heating cost by 90 %!); increasing the use of renewable energy sources, such as wind, the sun, tidal power, biomass (organic material such as wood, mill residues, plants, animal droppings, etc.) and geothermal power (heat from hot springs and volcanoes); advancing combined heat and power generation because this requires less energy; controlling the fluorinated greenhouse gases used in air conditioning; reducing methane emissions from landfills; raising awareness; and strengthening research and the development and use of climatefriendly technologies.
Z drugimi ukrepi Evropskega programa o podnebnih spremembah se na primer želi izboljšati učinkovitost porabe goriva pri avtomobilih in energetska učinkovitost zgradb (zaradi boljše izolacije se lahko stroški ogrevanja zmanjšajo za 90 %!); povečati uporabo obnovljivih virov energije, kot so veter, sonce, energija plimovanja, biomasa (organske snovi, kot so les, odpadki iz mlinov, rastline, živalski odpadki itd.) in geotermalna energija (toplota iz vročih vrelcev in vulkanov); pospešiti sočasno možnost ogrevanja in pridobivanja električne energije, ker je za to potrebno manj energije; nadzirati fluorirane toplogredne pline, ki se uporabljajo v klimatskih napravah; znižati emisije metana iz odlagališč odpadkov; povečati ozaveščenost ter okrepiti raziskave in razvoj ter uporabo podnebju prijaznih tehnologij.
Greenhouse gas emissions in the EU in 2001
Veliko podnebju prijaznih tehnologij že obstaja in za splošno v v EU leta 2001 ednih plino
Other 4% when fossil fuels are burnt and then bury it in old mines or former oil fields.
Mogoče je, na primer, zajeti del ogljika, ki nastaja pri gorenju fosilnih goriv, in ga potem zakopati v stare rudnike ali nekdanja naftna polja.
This technology is called ‘carbon capture and storage’ and reduces CO emissions into the atmosphere.
Ta tehnologija se imenuje „zajetje in shranjevanje ogljika“, z njo pa se zmanjšajo emisije CO v ozračje.
Another promising technology, which, however, requires considerably more research, is the production of hydrogen from renewable energies and its use in ‘fuel cells’.
Druga obetavna tehnologija, ki pa zahteva veliko več raziskav, je proizvodnja vodika iz obnovljivih virov energije in njegova uporaba v „gorivnih celicah“.
The fuel cell converts the hydrogen with oxygen into water, and in the process it produces electricity.
Gorivna celica spremeni vodik in kisik v vodo ter tako proizvaja električno energijo.
Householdsand SMEs17%
industrija20 % gospodinjstva ter mala in srednje velika podjetja17 %
The EU is on course to reach its Kyoto targets for 2012 if all the measures planned by the EU and its member states are implemented.
EU je na dobri poti do kjotskih ciljev za leto 2012, če se bodo izvajali vsi ukrepi, ki jih načrtujejo EU in države članice.
By 2002, the most recent year for which data were available when this booklet was
Do leta 2002, za katerega so bili na voljo zadnji najnovejši podatki, ko je nastajala ta knjižica, je
Source: European Environment Agency written, the former 15 EU countries had reduced their greenhouse gas emissions by 2.9 % compared to 1990 levels (their Kyoto target is 8 %).
nekdanjih 15 držav EU zmanjšalo emisije toplogrednih plinov za 2,9 % glede na stopnje, ki so jih dosegale leta 1990 (njihov kjotski cilj je 8 %).
Together, the 25 EU countries had reduced their emissions by 9 %.
Vseh 25 držav EU skupaj je zmanjšalo emisije za 9 %.
What businesses are doing
Kaj delajo podjetja
Companies are playing an important role in the fight against climate change.
Gospodarske družbe imajo pomembno vlogo v boju proti podnebnih spremembam.
They are coming to understand that by cutting their greenhouse gas emissions they not only protect the climate, but can also save money, earn good publicity, and gain an advantage over their competitors.
Spoznavajo, da z zmanjševanjem emisij toplogrednih plinov ne le varujejo podnebje, ampak lahko tudi prihranijo denar, si ustvarijo dobro ime v javnosti in dobijo prednost pred konkurenti.
For example, a big multinational company manufacturing a wide range of products in different regions of the world has, since 1990, saved EUR 1.5 billion by reducing energy consumption and installing new climatefriendly technologies in its factories.
Velika multinacionalka, ki proizvaja veliko različnih izdelkov v več regijah sveta, je na primer od leta 1990 prihranila 1,5 milijarde EUR, tako da je zmanjšala porabo energije in v svoje tovarne namestila nove, podnebju prijazne tehnologije.
In addition, it saves EUR 7 to 11 million annually through the use of renewable energy.
Razen tega vsako leto prihrani 7 do 11 milijonov EUR, ker uporablja obnovljive vire energije.
With these measures, it has reduced its greenhouse gas emissions by 67 % since 1990 ().
S temi ukrepi je od leta 1990 zmanjšala svoje emisije toplogrednih plinov za 67 % ().
The associations of European, Japanese and Korean car manufacturers have voluntarily committed themselves to reducing the average CO emissions of new passenger cars sold in Europe by roughly a quarter from 1995 levels by 2008 (European carmakers) or 2009 (Japanese and Korean carmakers).
Združenja evropskih, japonskih in korejskih proizvajalcev avtomobilov so se prostovoljno zavezala, da bodo do leta 2008 (evropski proizvajalci avtomobilov) oziroma leta 2009 (japonski in korejski proizvajalci avtomobilov) za približno četrtino zmanjšala povprečne emisije CO novih osebnih avtomobilov, ki jih prodajajo v Evropi, glede na stopnje iz leta 1995.
The development of climatefriendly technologies also creates new jobs and opens up new markets.
Razvoj podnebju prijaznih tehnologij ustvarja tudi nova delovna mesta in odpira nove trge.
Thanks to support schemes for wind power in several EU countries, European companies now supply 90 % of the booming global market for wind power equipment.
Zaradi programov podpore za energijo vetra v več državah EU evropske gospodarske družbe oskrbujejo 90 % uspešnega svetovnega trga za opremo, ki se uporablja na področju energije vetra.
In Germany, introducing wind power has generated work for 40 000 people.
V Nemčiji je z uvedbo energije vetra dobilo delo 40 000 ljudi.
If European companies are quick in developing new climatefriendly technologies, they will have a competitive advantage when global demand for such technologies rises.
Če bodo evropske gospodarske družbe hitro razvijale nove, podnebju prijazne tehnologije, si bodo zagotovile konkurenčno prednost, ko se bo povečalo svetovno povpraševanje po takšnih tehnologijah.
() See‘Less is more: 14 pioneers in reducing greenhouse gas emissions’ by the Climate Group, a coalition of organisations committed to reducing their greenhouse gas emissions.
() Glejte dokument„Manj je več: 14 začetnikov na področju zmanjšanja emisij toplogrednih plinov“, ki ga je pripravila Skupina za podnebje, združenje organizacij, ki se zavzemajo za zmanjšanje emisij toplogrednih plinov.
Document available at http://www.theclimategroup.org/tcg_lessmore.pdf
Dokument je na voljo na spletnem naslovu http://www.theclimategroup.org/tcg_lessmore.pdf.
What you can do
Kaj lahko narediš ti
• If you or your parents buy a new electrical appliance, for example a fridge or a washing machine, make sure that it is graded ‘A’under the European energyefficiency label, which every appliance must carry.
• Če vi ali vaši starši kupijo novo električno napravo, na primer hladilnik ali pralni stroj, preverite, ali ima oznako „A“ v skladu z evropsko oznako energetske učinkovitosti, ki jo morajo imeti vse naprave. Oznaka „A“ potrjuje, da naprava zelo učinkovito rabi električno energijo.
Climate change is a global problem, and yet each of us has the power to make a difference.
Čeprav so podnebne spremembe svetovni problem, lahko vsak od nas nekaj prispeva.
Even small changes in our behaviour can help prevent greenhouse emissions without affecting our quality of life.
Tudi z majhnimi spremembami našega vedenja lahko pomagamo preprečevati emisije toplogrednih plinov, kar pa ne vpliva na kakovost našega življenja.
In fact, they can save us money.
Pravzaprav lahko z njimi prihranimo denar.
• Look for goods with the European eco-label, symbolised by a little flower (see top left corner of this box), in shops and supermarkets.
• V trgovinah in supermarketih poiščite blago z evropskim znakom za okolje v obliki rožice (glejte zgornji levi vogal tega okvira).
This means they have been manufactured under strict environmental standards.
Ta znak pomeni, da je bilo blago izdelano v skladu s strogimi okoljskimi standardi.
Recycling 1 kg of old aluminium cans consumes ten times less energy than producing them from scratch, and factories use far less energy to make paper from old newspapers than from wood pulp.
Pri recikliranju 1 kg starih aluminijastih konzerv je poraba energije desetkrat manjša kot pri proizvodnji takšnih konzerv od začetka, tovarne pa pri izdelavi papirja iz starih časopisov porabijo precej manj energije kot pri izdelavi papirja iz lesne celuloze.
Reducing the temperature by just 1° Celsius can cut up to 7 % off your family’s energy bill.
Z zmanjšanjem temperature le za 1 °C se lahko vaš družinski račun za energijo zniža do 7 %.
• Save hot water by taking a shower rather than a bath — it requires four times less energy.
• Pri pripravi tople pijače segrejte le toliko vode, kot jo potrebujete.
• When you air your room, leave the window wide open for a few minutes and then close it again, rather than letting the heat escape over a long period.
• Prihranite toplo vodo, tako da se tuširate in ne kopate – porabili boste štirikrat manj energije.
• Don’t forget to switch off the lights when you don’t need them.
• Ne pozabite izklopiti luči, ko jih ne potrebujete.
Households are responsible for 30 % of the electricity consumption in the EU, so if we all save electricity, it will make a big difference.
Gospodinjstva predstavljajo 30 % porabe električne energije v EU, zato lahko veliko spremenimo, če varčujemo z električno energijo.
• Private cars are responsible for 10 % of the EU’s COst emissions.
• Osebni avtomobili povzročajo 10 % emisij CO v EU.
Public transport, cycling and walking are cheaper and healthier alternatives.
Z uporabo javnega prevoza, kolesarjenjem in hojo boste prihranili denar in storili nekaj koristnega za svoje zdravje.
• If you buy new light bulbs, try energy-savings ones — they last longer and use five times less electricity than conventional bulbs.
• Če potrebujete nove žarnice, kupite energijsko varčne – trajajo dlje in porabijo petkrat manj električne energije kot običajne žarnice.
• If your parents are about to buy a new car, ask them to buy a small and fuel-efficient model.
• Če vaši starši kupujejo nov avtomobil, jim predlagajte, da kupijo majhen in varčen model.
Under European legislation, car manufacturers must display information about how much COst their cars emit.
V skladu z evropsko zakonodajo morajo proizvajalci avtomobilov navesti, koliko CO proizvedejo njihovi avtomobili.