natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
) have been subject to discrimination and persecution.
Romi izvirajo iz skupin, ki so proti koncu prvega tisočletja našega štetja zapustile indijski podkontinent.
Although statistics on ethnic origin are not collected in some countries, estimates suggest thatthere may be around 3–4 million Roma in the EU and perhaps a further 2–3 million in Bulgaria and Romania, countries which are due to join the EU in 2007.
Čeprav statistični podatki o narodnostnem izvoru v nekaterih državah niso zbrani, ocene kažejo, da je v EU okrog 3-4 milijoni Romov, dodatni 2-3 milijoni pa verjetno živijo v Bolgariji in Romuniji, ki naj bi se EU pridružile v letu 2007.
EU enlargement has helped to focus attention on the discrimination and exclusion faced by Romacommunities in both ‘new’and ‘old’Member States.
Širitev EU je pripomogla k usmeritvi pozornosti na diskriminacijo in izključevanje, s katerima se romske skupnosti srečujejo tako v „novih" kakor v „starih" državah članicah.
Much of the responsibility for addressing thesechallenges lies at the national, regional and local level.
Velik delež odgovornosti za obravnavo teh izzivov leži na nacionalni, regionalni in lokalni ravni.
But a range of EU policies and programmescan help to support the efforts of national authorities and civil society organisations.
Širok spekter politik in programov EU pa lahko pomaga podpirati prizadevanja nacionalnih organov oblasti in organizacij civilne družbe.
This part of thereport outlines a number of initiatives that the European Commission has taken recently to promotethe social inclusion of Roma.
V tem delu poročila so orisane številne pobude, ki jih je Evropska komisija pred kratkim sprejela za spodbujanje socialnega vključevanja Romov.
THE NATURE AND SCALE OF THE CHALLENGES
NARAVA IN OBSEG IZZIVA
Roma face discrimination and social exclusion to varying degrees throughout the EU.
Romi se po vsej EU soočajo z različnimi stopnjami diskriminacije in socialne izključenosti.
In all countries where statistics are available or surveys have been carried out, they show that Roma havesubstantially lower levels of education, much higher rates of unemployment, significantly lower levels of income and poorer health than the rest of the population (see, in particular, European
V vseh državah, za katere so na voljo statistični podatki ali v katerih so bile opravljene raziskave, je razvidno, da dosegajo Romi občutno nižje stopnje izobrazbe, precej višje stopnje brezposelnosti, občutno nižje stopnje prihodkov in slabše zdravstveno stanje od ostalega prebivalstva (glej zlasti dokument Evropske komisije Položaj Romov v razširjeni Evropski uniji (2)).
Roma children are routinely segregated at school, often going to ‘special schools’for those withlearning difficulties or being put into special classes.
Romski otroci so v številnih državah članicah redno segregirani v šolah, pogosto obiskujejo „posebne šole" za otroke z učnimi težavami ali pa so dodeljeni v posebne razrede.
Many Roma, moreover, live in deprived andsegregated areas with poor-quality housing, a lack of basic services and limited access to goodquality healthcare (see box).
Poleg tega veliko Romov živi v revnih in segregiranih območjih s slabimi stanovanji, pomanjkanjem osnovnih storitev in omejenim dostopom do kakovostnega zdravstvenega varstva (glej okvir).
1) The term ‘Roma’is used in this report to refer to persons describing themselves as Roma, Gypsies, Travellers,
(1) Izraz „Romi" se v tem poročilu nanaša na osebe, ki same sebe opisujejo kot Romi, Cigani, Travellerji, Manouche, Sinti in druge skupine, ki se dojemajo kot „Cigani".
The use of the term ‘Roma’is not intended to downplay thegreat diversity that exists within these communities or to promote stereotypes.
Z uporabo izraza „Romi" ne želimo zmanjševati pomena velike raznolikosti, ki obstaja znotraj teh skupnosti ali spodbujati stereotipov.
The situation of Roma in EU Member States
Položaj Romov v državah članicah EU
The following statistics give an indication of the situation of Roma in Europe.
Navedeni statistični podatki prikazujejo položaj Romov v Evropi.
Over half of the children in special schools in Slovakia were of Roma origin in 2002–03.
Leta 2002/03 je bila na Slovaškem več kakor polovica otrok v posebnih šolah romskega izvora.
Only half of Roma children attended school at all in Germany in 2003 and up to 80% of those whodid were in special schools.
V Nemčiji je v letu 2003 le polovica romskih otrok sploh obiskovala pouk, 80 % teh, ki so ga, pa je bilo vključenih v posebne šole.
Roma children are also over-represented in special schools in Hungary, Bulgaria, Poland and Slovenia.
Prevelik delež romskih otrok je vključen v posebne šole tudi na Madžarskem, v Bolgariji, na Poljskem in v Sloveniji.
Over 85% of Roma of working age were not officially in employment in Slovakia in 2003.
Na Slovaškem v letu 2003 več kakor 85 % Romov v starosti, ko so sposobni za delo, ni bilo uradno zaposlenih.
Over 80% of Roma had income below the national poverty in Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania and Slovakia, according to the UNDPsurvey carried out at the end of 2001.
Po podatkih raziskave Programa Združenih narodov za razvoj (UNDP), ki je bila opravljena konec leta 2001, ima v Bolgariji, na Madžarskem, v Romuniji in na Slovaškem več kakor 80 % Romov prihodke, ki so nižji od nacionalnega praga revščine.
Around 45% of Roma in Hungary and Slovakia had no inside toilet according to the same survey.
Po podatkih te raziskave okrog 45 % Romov na Madžarskem in Slovaškem ni imelo notranjih stranišč.
Some 65% of the Roma surveyed in Romania and 45% of those in Bulgaria lived in dwellings without running water.
Okrog 65 % Romov, ki so jih preučevali v Romuniji, in 45 % v Bolgariji je živelo v bivališčih brez tekoče vode.
A CONCERTED EFFORT TO IMPROVE THE SITUATION OF ROMA
USKLAJENA PRIZADEVANJA ZA IZBOLJŠANJE POLOŽAJA ROMOV
The EU anti-discrimination legislation described in Part I of this report can help Roma to defendtheir right to equal treatment in accessing employment, training, education, social security, healthcare, housing, goods and services.
Protidiskriminacijska zakonodaja EU, opisana v Delu I tega poročila, lahko pomaga Romom pri uveljavljanju svojih pravic do enakega obravnavanja pri dostopu do zaposlovanja, usposabljanja, izobraževanja, socialne varnosti, zdravstvenega varstva, stanovanj, blaga in storitev.
The European Commission, through its Community action programme to combat discrimination, is providing training to Roma advocate organisations alongsideother NGOs in order to give them the legal and practical information required to defend victims ofdiscrimination.
Evropska komisija s svojim protidiskriminacijskim akcijskim programom Skupnosti zagotavlja organizacijam, ki se zavzemajo za Rome, in drugim nevladnim organizacijam usposabljanje, da jim posreduje pravne in praktične informacije, potrebne za ščitenje žrtev diskriminacije.
The EU is actively monitoring respect for minorities, including Roma, and the protection theyreceive in the candidate countries as part of the accession process.
EU v okviru pristopnega procesa dejavno spremlja spoštovanje manjšin, vključno z Romi, in zaščite, ki soje deležne v državah kandidatkah.
The EU Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia has recently stepped up its monitoring of the situation of Roma in EUMember States.
Center EU za spremljanje rasizma in ksenofobije je pred kratkim okrepil spremljanje položaja Romov v državah članicah EU.
In addition, the Commission encourages national authorities to take account of theneeds of Roma communities when drafting their national action plans for employment and socialinclusion.
Komisija poleg tega spodbuja nacionalne organe, da pri oblikovanju nacionalnih akcijskih načrtov za zaposlovanje in socialno vključenost upoštevajo potrebe romskih skupnosti.
EU funding provides additional support for Roma inclusion.
Dodatno podporo za vključevanje Romov zagotavljajo sredstva EU.
The Commission is working withnational authorities and NGOs to ensure that funding reaches its target and that systems for monitoring and evaluation of policy are improved.
Komisija sodeluje z nacionalnimi organi in nevladnimi organizacijami, da zagotovi, da sredstva pridejo na cilj ter da se izboljšajo sistemi za spremljanje in vrednotenje politike.
Examples of some of the projects supported by the EU are given below.
V nadaljevanju so prikazani nekateri projekti, ki jih podpira EU.
To address the multidimensional challenges faced by Roma, the Commission is taking action toensure that EU policies and programmes are working together in a coherent way.
Komisija je za obravnavo večstranskih izzivov, s katerimi se soočajo Romi, sprejela ukrepe za zagotovitev usklajenega delovanja politik in programov EU.
As a first step,a study was commissioned (see box) to analyse the situation of Roma in the enlarged EU and toreview relevant policies.
Prvi korak predstavlja naročilo študije (glej okvir) za analizo položaja Romov v razširjeni EU in pregled ustreznih politik.
This study was carried out in cooperation with Roma NGOs and in consultation with national authorities.
Ta študija je bila opravljena v sodelovanju z nevladnimi romskimi organizacijami in ob posvetovanju z nacionalnimi organi.
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The situation of Roma in an enlarged European Union
Položaj Romov v razširjeni Evropski uniji
The study, funded under the Community anti-discrimination and social inclusion programmes, examined the living and working conditions of Roma in the EU countries where they are most numerous.On the basis of this, it made a number of recommendations for policies on education, employment,housing and healthcare.
Študija, financirana s programi Skupnosti proti diskriminaciji in za socialno vključevanje, je preučila življenjske in delovne pogoje Romov v tistih državah EU, kjer so najštevilčnejši. Na podlagi tega je bilo oblikovanih več priporočil glede politike izobraževanja, zaposlovanja, stanovanjske politike in politike zdravstvenega varstva.
In particular, it recommended that the EU should:
Priporočeno je bilo zlasti, naj EU:
• raise awareness about the situation of Roma and the discrimination they suffer and monitor theeffect of the new laws following the Racial Equality Directive
• okrepi ozaveščenost o položaju Romov in diskriminaciji, ki so ji izpostavljeni, ter spremlja učinek novih zakonov po Direktivi o rasni enakosti,
• strengthen coordination between different EU policies and programmes and between the EU andother international organisations,
• okrepi usklajenost različnih politik in programov EU ter usklajenost EU in drugih mednarodnih organizacij,
• ensure that Roma are involved in the formulation, implementation and evaluation of policies andthat Roma issues are taken into account in relevant EU and national policies,
• zagotovi, da so Romi vključeni v oblikovanje, izvajanje in vrednotenje politik ter da so romska vprašanja upoštevana v ustreznih politikah EU in v nacionalnih politikah,
• establish methods for monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of programmes for improving thesituation of Roma; that Member States should:
• vzpostavi metode za spremljanje in vrednotenje učinkovitosti programov za izboljšanje položaja Romov, naj države članice:
• recognise Roma as a distinct ethnic group for priority action under social inclusion and employmentpolicies,
• priznajo Rome kot posebno narodnostno skupino, ki se v politikah socialnega vključevanja in zaposlovanja obravnava prednostno,
• develop methods of collecting data on ethnic origin in cooperation with the European Commission,
• v sodelovanju z Evropsko komisijo oblikujejo metode za zbiranje podatkov o narodnostnem izvoru,
• ensure that all public authorities at national and local level include bodies charged with ensuringthe inclusion of Roma; and that Roma organisations should:
• zagotovijo, da vsi javni organi na nacionalni in lokalni ravni vključujejo telesa, zadolžena za vključevanje Romov, ter naj romske organizacije:
• become more active in trying to eradicate the stereotyping of Roma and prejudice against them,
• postanejo dejavnejše pri prizadevanjih za izkoreninjenje stereotipov o Romih in predsodkov proti njim,
• push for the monitoring of the situation of ethnic minorities so as better to identify the problems theyface,
• zahtevajo spremljanje položaja narodnostnih manjšin, da se uspešneje ugotavljajo težave, s katerimi se srečujejo,
• be included in European NGOs and networks involved in combating discrimination and furtheringbasic rights.
• se vključijo v evropske nevladne organizacije in mreže, ki se borijo proti diskriminaciji in za pospeševanje temeljnih pravic.
The report is available online in English, French and German at: http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/employment_social/fundamental_rights/pdf/pubst/roma04_en.pdf
Poročilo je na voljo na spletu v angleškem, francoskem in nemškem jeziku na http://www.europa. eu.int/comm/employment_social/fundamental_rights/pdf/pubst/roma04_en.pdf.
In response to the recommendations of the study, the Commission has set up a special Inter-Service Group to ensure that the wide range of policies and programmes now being implementedto tackle Roma issues are properly coordinated.
Komisija se je na priporočila iz študije odzvala z oblikovanjem posebne medresorske skupine za zagotavljanje primerne usklajenosti širokega spektra politik in programov, ki se trenutno izvajajo za reševanje romskih vprašanj.
Fourteen different Commission directorates arerepresented in the group, covering not only employment and social affairs, but also enlargementand external relations, education and culture, justice and human rights, healthcare, regional policyand rural development among others.
V skupini so predstavniki štirinajstih direktoratov Komisije, ki poleg zaposlovanja in socialnih zadev pokrivajo med drugim tudi širitev in zunanje odnose, izobraževanje in kulturo, pravosodje in človekove pravice, zdravstveno varstvo, regionalno politiko in razvoj podeželja.
The aim is to develop policy guidelines, to exchange information between all the directorates concerned, and to ensure that the best use is made of the funding available and that lessons are learned from past experience.
Cilj je oblikovanje smernic politike, izmenjava informacij med vsemi zadevnimi direktorati in zagotavljanje najbolj smotrne uporabe razpoložljivih sredstev ter učenje iz preteklih izkušenj.
The EU is also cooperating with other international organisations in this area.
EU sodeluje tudi z drugimi mednarodnimi organizacijami na tem področju.
For example, the European Commission is a member of the Steering Committee for the Decade of Roma Inclusion2005–15, which was launched in Sofia in February 2005 (see box).
Evropska komisija je na primer članica Usmerjevalnega odbora za Desetletje vključevanja Romov 2005-2015, ki je bil ustanovljen februarja 2005 v Sofiji (glej okvir).
The Decade of Roma inclusion 2005-2015
Desetletje vključevanja Romov 2005-2015
The Decade of Roma Inclusion initiative was endorsed by the governments of Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, FYR Macedonia, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, and Slovakia in February 2005.
Pobudo Desetletje vključevanja Romov so februarja 2005 potrdile vlade Bolgarije, Hrvaške, Češke, Madžarske, Nekdanje jugoslovanske republike Makedonije, Romunije, Srbije in Črne gore ter Slovaške.
It is supported by the Open Society Institute, the World Bank and a number of otherinternational organisations.
Podpirajo jo Inštitut za odprto družbo, Svetovna banka in številne druge mednarodne organizacije.
The initiative, which will run until 2015, is aimed at closing the gap between Roma and the rest ofthe population in the countries concerned.
Pobuda, ki bo trajala do leta 2015, je namenjena odpravi razkoraka med Romi in ostalim prebivalstvom v zadevnih državah.
The international steering commitee, made up of representatives of the governments involved, international sponsors and Roma themselves, has identified four priority areas for action (education, employment, health and housing), along with threecross-cutting issues (poverty, discrimination and gender).
Mednarodna usmerjevalna komisija, kijo sestavljajo predstavniki vpletenih držav, je ugotovila štiri prednostna področja delovanja - izobraževanje, zaposlovanje, zdravstvo in stanovanja - skupaj s tremi soodvisnimi vprašanji - revščina, diskriminacija in spolno razlikovanje.
Support for Roma under the PHARE programme
Programa PHARE je namenjen pomoči državam srednje 'n vznodne Evrope pri reševanju gospodarskih in socialnih
The purpose of the PHARE programme is to assist countries incentral and eastern Europe to tackle economic and social problems and to help them prepare for EU entry.
Podpora RomOITI V Okviru proqrama PHARE problemov ter pomoči pri pripravi za vstop v EU.
Since 1998, well over EUR 100 million of PHARE money has been devoted to projects for improving the situationof the Roma minority in countries where they represent a large share of the population.
Od leta 1998 je bilo več kakor 100 milijonov evrov ¡z programa PHARE namenjenih projektom za ¡zboljšanje položaja romske manjšine v državah, kjer predstavljajo velik delež prebivalstva.
Significantsums continue to be spent in Bulgaria and Romania on programmes where Roma are the mainbeneficiaries, many of them actively involving Roma in their implementation.
V Bolgariji in Romuniji se še naprej porabljajo veliki zneski za programe v pretežno korist Romov, ki dejavno sodelujejo pri izvajanju mnogih od njih.
For example, the ‘Access to education for disadvantaged groups’project in Romania, coordinatedby the Ministry of Education and Research, is aimed at changing education practices by involving Roma school inspectors as a link between the education authorities and teaching staff. (Moreexamples can be found at: http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/enlargement/phare_evaluation_pdf/revised_minorities_thematic_ raw_161204.pdf).
Tako je na primer projekt „Dostop do izobraževanja za prikrajšane skupine" v Romuniji, ki ga usklajuje Ministrstvo za šolstvo in raziskave, namenjen spreminjanju praks na področju izobraževanja, pri čemer romski šolski inšpektorji sodelujejo v vlogi povezave med šolskimi oblastmi ¡n učitelji (več primerov je mogoče najti na: http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/enlargement/phare_evaluation_pdf/revised_minorities_ thematic_raw_161204.pdf).
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The European Social Fund (ESF), which is one of the EUStructural Funds, is supporting a number of projects in both thenew and ‘old’Member States, with a view to improving the access of Roma, among other disadvantaged groups, to employment, especially through bettereducation and training.
Podpora Rornorn V Okviru Evropski socialni sklad (ESS), ki je eden od strukturnih Strukturnih Skladov skladov EU, podpira številne projekte v novih in „starih" državah članicah, z namenom izboljšanja dostopa Romov, med ostalimi prikrajšanimi skupinami, do zaposlovanja, predvsem prek boljšega izobraževanja in usposabljanja.
Aprominent example is the ACCEDER project in Spain, which is part of theinter-regional ‘Fightagainstdiscrimination’programme, aimed at tackling the problems of disadvantaged groups in the labour market.
Izrazit primer predstavlja projekt ACCEDER v Španiji, ki je del medregijskega programa Boj proti diskriminaciji, namenjenega reševanju problemov prikrajšanih skupin na trgu dela.
The objective of the project is to get 4 000 Roma intoemployment by the time it ends in 2006 by:
Cilj tega projekta je zaposliti 4 000 Romov do njegovega zaključka v letu 2006, tako da se:
• helping them to obtain professional qualifications;
• pomaga Romom pridobiti strokovno izobrazbo,
• adapting training programmes and employment services to their specific needs;
• programi usposabljanja in zaposlitvene storitve prilagodijo njihovim posebnim potrebam,
• raising awareness of the discrimination suffered by Roma and improving the way they are viewedby the public at large;
• okrepi ozaveščenost glede diskriminacije, ki so ji izpostavljeni Romi, ter izboljša njihova podoba v širši javnosti,
• encouraging more active measures to improve their living conditions and their access to publicservices.
• spodbujajo dejavnejši ukrepi za izboljšanje življenjskih razmer Romov ¡n njihovega dostopa do javnih služb.
In addition, a large number of projects for helping Roma have been supported by the EQUALinitiative, which is financed by the ESF to encourage innovative approaches to improving the situation of those disadvantaged in finding employment.
Poleg tega so številni projekti za pomoč Romom deležni podpore pobude EQUAL, ki se financira iz ESS, da bi spodbujali inovativne pristope do izboljšanja položaja tistih, ki so pri pridobivanju zaposlitve prikrajšani.
Between 2001 and 2004, 45 of the projectsfunded were targeted either at Roma alone or at Roma together with other disadvantaged groups(see box for examples).
Med letoma 2001 in 2004 je bilo 45 od financiranih projektov namenjenih izključno Romom ali pa Romom skupaj z drugimi prikrajšanimi skupinami (glej primere v okvirju).
In the new round of the EQUALprogramme, starting in 2005, around 80new projects are directed at helping Roma.
V novem krogu programa EQUAL, ki se začenja leta 2005, je okrog 80 novih projektov namenjenih pomoči Romom.
In Austria, the ‘Mri Buti’project was aimed at helping Roma find work in the Burgenland region,through guidance and counselling.
V Avstriji je bil projekt „Mri Buli" namenjen pomoči Romom pri iskanju zaposlitve v regiji Burgenland z vodenjem in svetovanjem.
In Hungary, Roma men and women were trained to do jobs forwhich there was a local need, such as bricklaying and childcare.
Na Madžarskem so romske može in žene usposabljali za delovna mesta, za katera je obstajalo povpraševanje na lokalni ravni, npr. zidarska dela in varstvo otrok.
In Germany, a project was implemented for testing new approaches to the qualification of Roma and Sinti for jobs — as mediatorsin education or social work, for example.
V Nemčiji so uvedli program za preskušanje novih pristopov do usposabljanja Romov in Sintov za delovna mesta - na primer za posrednike pri izobraževanju ali socialnem delu.
In France and Ireland, members of the Roma and Travellercommunities are being helped to set up new businesses.
V Franciji in na Irskem pomagajo predstavnikom romskih in travellerskih skupnosti pri odpiranju novih podjetij.
Lívia Járóka was the first Member of the European Parliament of Roma origin from the new EU Member States when elected in June 2004.
Lívia Járóka je bila ob svoji izvolitvi junija 2004 prva članica Evropskega parlamenta romskega porekla iz „novih" držav članic.
She is asocial anthropologist, who is completing a doctorate at University College London on ethnic minorities.
Je socialna antropologinja, ki na University College v Londonu končuje doktorat iz narodnostnih manjšin.
She sees herself first and foremost as a representative in Parliament of the Hungarian people, but since many of these are Roma, she also sees her role as acting as a mediator between the different bodies concerned with Roma issues at an EU level and representative groups dealing with these issues on the ground.
Sebe najprej in predvsem vidi kot predstavnico madžarskega ljudstva v Parlamentu, ker pa je med njimi veliko Romov, vidi svojo vlogo tudi v posredovanju med različnimi telesi, ki se ukvarjajo z romskimi vprašanji na ravni EU, in predstavniškimi skupinami, ki se s temi vprašanji ukvarjajo na terenu.
‘There is’, she says, ‘a great deal of ignorance about Roma, who, because of stereotyping, tend tobe regarded as a uniform group, sharing a common identity and the same kind of characteristics,which are either highly romanticised or extremely negative.
„Veliko je nevednosti o Romih," pravi, „na katere se zaradi stereotipov gleda kot na enotno skupino, ki ima skupno identiteto in enake značilnosti, ki so bodisi zelo romantično obarvane ali skrajno negativne.