natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
In July 2010, the scientific committee of the EMCDDA carried out a formal risk assessment of the synthetic cathinone mephedrone. This was prompted by a growing concern that this drug was being marketed as a legal alternative to stimulants like cocaine and ecstasy.
Poskusi odkrivanja in ustreznega odzivanja na nove psihoaktivne snovi težko sledijo prefinjenemu, inovativnemu in hitremu trgu, ki dejavno išče nove proizvode in tržne strategije.
The risk assessment was conducted as part of Europe’s fast-track mechanism for controlling new psychoactive substances.
Leto2009 je bilo za evropski sistem za zgodnje opozarjanje rekordno, saj je bilo v Evropi prvič odkritih 24 novih sintetičnih drog.
However, the pace of development in this area is such that not only had some Member States already introduced legislation banning mephedrone, but some websites selling it had already closed down, sometimes to be quickly replaced by sites offering replacement substances.
Ta vzorec se enako obsežno nadaljuje v letu2010, pri čemer je bilo do sredine julija odkritih 15 novih snovi, vključno s sintetičnimi katinoni, sintetičnimi kanabinoidi in novimi sintetičnimi derivati, podobnimi kokainu in amfetaminu.
Injecting remains, however, the most common route of administration for opioid users in many eastern European countries.
Kljub temu pa vbrizgavanje ostaja najpogostejši način uporabe droge med uporabniki opioidov v številnih vzhodnoevropskih državah.
This adds to considerable concern about the public health consequences of drug use in some of the countries neighbouring the European Union.
To dodatno prispeva k precejšnji zaskrbljenosti zaradi posledic, ki jih ima uporaba droge za javno zdravje v nekaterih državah, ki mejijo na Evropsko unijo.
At the eastern border of the European Union, both Russia and Ukraine appear to have levels of problem opioid use two to four times higher than the EU average.
Zdi se, da imata Rusija in Ukrajina na vzhodni meji Evropske unije dva- do štirikrat večje stopnje problematične uporabe opioidov od povprečja EU.
The problems associated with opioid use in this region include high rates of HIV infection and druginduced deaths.
Težave, povezane z uporabo opioidov v tej regiji, vključujejo visoke stopnje okuženosti z virusom HIV in smrtnih primerov, povezanih z drogami.
While still rare, after action was taken against mephedrone in 2010, such substances began to be more frequently detected, and the first reports of users experiencing problems were received by the earlywarning system.
Znanstveni odbor centra EMCDDA je julija2010 opravil uradno oceno tveganja za sintetični katinon mefedron.
The EMCDDA is monitoring the availability and possible health impact of these substances.
Spodbudila jo je vse večja zaskrbljenost, da se ta droga trži kot zakonita alternativa za stimulanse, kot sta kokain in ekstazi.
This underlines again the importance of opioids for understanding the public health impact of drug use in Europe.
Ocena tveganja je bila opravljena kot del hitrega evropskega mehanizma za nadzor nad novimi psihoaktivnimi snovmi.
Since 2003, the number of druginduced deaths has been increasing in most European countries, as has the age of those dying, suggesting an ageing population of chronic users.
Razvoj na tem področju je tako hiter, da so nekatere države članice že sprejele zakonodajo o prepovedi mefedrona, nekatere spletne strani, ki so prodajale mefedron, pa so že bile ukinjene, vendar so jih hitro nadomestile strani, ki ponujajo nadomestne snovi.
Provisional data suggest a modest increase of reported druginduced deaths in 2008: with estimates of 7¢371¢cases in 2008 in EU Member States and Norway, as compared to 7¢021 in 2007.
Ostati moramo pozorni in se hitro odzivati na novo dogajanje, kot so nove kemijske skupine psihoaktivnih snovi, opredeljene v „dovoljenih drogah“.
The example of mephedrone highlights how EU Member States can come under considerable media and public pressure to respond quickly to a potential new threat. The EMCDDA, in close cooperation with Europol and the European Medicines Agency, has been working to provide timely information that is reliable and considered.
Preveliki odmerki so najpogostejši vzrok smrti, ki bi jo bilo možno preprečiti in ki je povezana z uporabo prepovedanih drog v Evropi, toksikološka analiza pa kaže prisotnost heroina v večini smrtnih primerov, ki so posledica prevelikega odmerka droge.
Annual report 2010: the state of the drugs problem in Europe were illicitly produced and marketed directly on the illicit market.
Letno poročilo 2010: stanje na področju problematike drog v Evropi kako pomemben del prihodnjega evropskega trga s prepovedanimi drogami bodo postale nove sintetične droge.
An important difference today is that we are seeing a new interaction between the illicit and non-illicit markets, whereby chemicals are legally sourced but then sold as replacements for illicit psychoactive substances.
Kriminalne organizacije pa bodo verjetno hitro prepoznale potencial snovi, ki jih je mogoče kupiti poceni in v velikih količinah, ki jih bo v prihodnosti razmeroma lahko sintetizirati in ki predstavljajo privlačno nadomestno možnost za nadzorovane droge.
and assess their potential impact on public health.
primeri aminoindanov (metilendioksiaminoindan, MDAI) in sintetičnih derivatov kokaina (kot je fluorotropakokain).
Lack of standard reference material is a problem here.
Center EMCDDA spremlja razpoložljivost in morebitne zdravstvene učinke teh snovi.
In terms of control strategies, the way these products are produced and marketed makes a strong argument that effective measures will require action at the European level to support national initiatives.
„Sintetiziranje“ droge, ki bi nadomestila nadzorovano snov, ni nova zamisel, vendar so bile v preteklosti sintetične droge nezakonito proizvedene in so se tržile neposredno na nezakonitem trgu.
Things to come: medicinal products, counterfeit drugs and new designer medicines
Obeti za prihodnost: zdravila, ponarejene droge in nova sintetična zdravila
Organised crime recognises the potential of new synthetic substances
Organizirani kriminal se zaveda potenciala novih sintetičnih snovi
Legislating for these new substances is complicated by many factors.
Sprejemanje zakonodaje za te nove snovi otežujejo številni dejavniki.
Some Member States have introduced generic legislation that covers substances from the same chemical group.
Nekatere države članice so uvedle splošno zakonodajo, ki zajema snovi iz istih kemijskih skupin.
This legal option is only available in some countries, and can be difficult to put into practice.
Ta pravna možnost je na voljo le v nekaterih državah in je včasih težko izvedljiva.
Further difficulties arise from the fact that some of these substances may have legitimate non-medical uses, be sold for supposedly legitimate purposes, or be used for research and development purposes by the pharmaceutical industry.
Dodatne težave povzroča dejstvo, da je mogoče nekatere od teh snovi zakonito uporabljati za nezdravstvene namene, jih prodajati za domnevno zakonite namene ali jih v farmacevtski industriji uporabljati za raziskave in razvoj.
That said, even well conceived control measures may not solve all the problems in this area, and the danger exists that they may even increase the momentum for an undesirable transition from a¢mostly online ‘legal-highs’ market to one that involves organised crime.
Poleg tega celo z dobro zasnovanimi nadzornimi ukrepi morda ne bo mogoče odpraviti vseh težav na tem področju, in obstaja nevarnost, da bodo taki ukrepi morda celo povečali nezaželen prehod z večinoma spletnega trga z „dovoljenimi drogami“ na trg, ki vključuje organizirani kriminal.
Cathinone drugs, such as mephedrone, methylone and MDPV, have all appeared on the illicit market, where they are sold as replacements for cocaine, ecstasy and amphetamine, or as the drugs themselves.
Vse katinonske droge, kot so mefedron, metilon in MDPV, so se pojavile na nezakonitem trgu, na katerem se prodajajo kot nadomestki za kokain, ekstazi in amfetamin, ali kot droge kot take.
Europol has noted the interdiction of a number of large illicit ecstasy production sites that were found to be tabletting mephedrone, and more than 20 European countries reported finding this drug in seizures. It is difficult to predict the extent to which new synthetic drugs will become a major part of Europe’s future illicit drug market.
Europol je opozoril na zaprtje številnih velikih nezakonitih obratov za proizvodnjo ekstazija, v zvezi s katerimi je bilo ugotovljeno, da proizvajajo tablete mefedrona, več kot 20 evropskih držav pa je poročalo, da je bila med zasegi odkrita ta droga.
In the past, though, designer drugs
Težko je napovedati,
The United States has a long-established drug problem, and developments in this market have sometimes had implications for Europe.
Združene države Amerike se že dolgo spopadajo s težavami z drogo, kar včasih vpliva tudi na Evropo.
Currently, the misuse of prescription drugs, especially opioids such as OxyContin, is a major concern for US drug policy.
Zloraba zdravil na recept, zlasti opioidov, kot je OxyContin, vzbuja veliko zaskrbljenosti med ameriško politiko na področju drog.
In Europe, misuse of prescription drugs, with the exception of opioid substitution drugs, has not been regarded as a major problem.
V Evropi zloraba zdravil na recept, razen zdravil za nadomestno zdravljenje z opioidi, ne velja za veliko težavo.
This is partly due to the regulatory framework and prescribing practices, which differ from those of the United States.
To je deloma posledica regulativnega okvira in praks predpisovanja zdravil, ki se razlikujejo od praks v Združenih državah Amerike.
The potential for misuse is also an issue considered within the European pharmacovigilance system, which operates under the responsibility of the European Medicines Agency, with the collaboration of the EMCDDA on drug misuse issues.
Možnost zlorabe je tudi vprašanje, obravnavano v evropskem sistemu farmakovigilance, ki deluje v pristojnosti Evropske agencije za zdravila ob sodelovanju s centrom EMCDDA v zvezi z vprašanji zlorabe drog.
The spread of counterfeit medicines, manufactured and sold in place of legitimate products, is a growing problem.
Vse večja težava pa je širjenje ponarejenih zdravil, ki se proizvajajo in prodajajo namesto zakonitih proizvodov.
In 2009, the earlywarning system received reports of substances that were based on slight modifications of the chemical structures of medicines with known abuse potential.
V okviru sistema za zgodnje opozarjanje so bila leta2009 prejeta poročila o snoveh, ki temeljijo na majhnih spremembah kemijske strukture zdravil, za katere je znano, da jih je mogoče zlorabiti.
The rise of new designer medicines would be an unwelcome addition to the task of ensuring that prescribed medicines are not diverted and misused.
Porast novih sintetičnih zdravil bi dodatno otežil zagotavljanje, da se zdravila na recept ne uporabljajo za druge namene in zlorabljajo.
It is also another example of how innovation in the illicit market requires a robust and joined-up response from pharmaceutical and drug control regulatory frameworks.
Je tudi primer, kako inovativnost na nezakonitem trgu zahteva trden in skupen odziv regulativnih organov na področju farmacije in nadzora nad drogami.
This issue is more of a¢potential threat than an immediate problem, but given the speed at which new developments occur in this area, it is important to anticipate future challenges.
To vprašanje sicer ni neposredna težava, temveč bolj morebitna grožnja, vendar je treba zaradi hitrega razvoja dogodkov na tem področju predvideti prihodnje izzive.
The suggestion that in the future we will see increasing numbers of new drugs based on existing pharmaceutical products but intended for non-therapeutic use would be particularly worrying.
Posebno skrb bi vzbudila domneva, da bo v prihodnosti vse več novih drog, ki temeljijo na obstoječih farmacevtskih proizvodih in niso namenjene za terapevtsko uporabo.
Introduction those of other UN agencies or of regional bodies such as the EMCDDA.
Uvod izogniti se nepotrebnemu podvajanju z obstoječimi mednarodnimi sistemi za spremljanje, vključno s sistemi drugih agencij ZN ali regionalnih organov, kakršen je Center.
Monitoring and evaluating drug strategies and action plans is an important topic both at national and international levels.
Spremljanje in vrednotenje strategij ter akcijskih načrtov za boj proti drogam sta pomembni temi na nacionalni in mednarodni ravni.
Recent developments in this field reported in this chapter include a new monitoring system that is being built up by the United Nations and first results of the implementation of the new EU action plan on drugs.
Med najnovejšimi dosežki na tem področju, o katerih se poroča v tem poglavju, so nov sistem spremljanja, ki ga pripravljajo Združeni narodi, in prvi rezultati izvajanja novega akcijskega načrta EU za boj proti drogam.
Also described here are some of the achievements and difficulties related to the demanding drug policy evaluation and renewal cycles that most EU Member States have adopted.
Opisani so tudi nekateri dosežki in težave v zvezi z zahtevnimi ciklusi vrednotenja in posodabljanja politik na področju drog, ki jih je sprejela večina držav članic EU.
The Treaty of Lisbon, which entered into force on 1¢December 2009, is meant to provide the European Union with simplified working methods and voting rules, as well
V novem orodju ZN za zbiranje podatkov bosta združena vprašalnik za letno poročanje (Annual Reporting Questionnaire – ARQ), ki je orodje za spremljanje, povezano s konvencijami ZN o nadzoru nad drogami, in nov niz vprašanj, povezanih z novimi političnimi deklaracijami in akcijskimi načrti.
1 as streamlined and modern institutions¢(
Novi vprašalnik naj bi bil sprejet na sestanku CND leta 2011, nato pa naj bi se kmalu začel izvajati prvi krog zbiranja podatkov.
Also reviewed in the chapter are the different legal approaches used in Europe to distinguish between drugs.
V tem poglavju so proučeni tudi različni pravni pristopi, ki se v Evropi uporabljajo za razlikovanje med drogami.
These include the use of a wide range of laws, drug classification schemes and prosecutorial or judicial discretion.
Ti vključujejo uporabo različnih zakonov, sistemov za razvrščanje drog in diskrecijo organov pregona ali sodnih organov.
Another form of distinction is the threshold quantities that differentiate between personal use and trafficking offences.
Druga vrsta razlikovanja so mejne količine, s katerimi se določa razlika med kršitvami zakona zaradi osebne uporabe in zaradi trgovine z drogami.
New data and trends on drugrelated public expenditure and recent developments regarding drugrelated research in Europe are also covered in this chapter.
V to poglavje so vključeni tudi novi podatki in trendi v zvezi z javnimi izdatki, povezanimi z drogami, ter napredek pri raziskavah o drogah v Evropi.
Monitoring the UN political declaration and plan of action
V prvem letu novega akcijskega načrta EU za boj proti drogam (2009–2012) so bile opravljene številne dejavnosti.
The trafficking of illicit drugs is addressed in the area of freedom, security and justice (Article 83), which provides for the establishment of minimum rules concerning the definition of criminal offences and sanctions.
V prvem sklepu se poziva k razvoju ključnih kazalnikov na področju trgov z drogami, z drogami povezanih kaznivih dejanj in zmanjševanja ponudbe.
The¢Treaty allows for the establishment of a European Public Prosecutor’s Office, with the possibility of expanding its power to include serious crime having a cross-border dimension (Article 86).
V drugem se poziva k izmenjavi dobre prakse, smernic in standardov kakovosti za vsesplošno preprečevanje, tretji sklep pa je namenjen krepitvi raziskovalnih zmogljivosti Evropske unije na področju prepovedanih drog.
This could, eventually, lead to certain drug trafficking offences being prosecuted at EU¢level.
Spremljanje politične deklaracije in akcijskega načrta ZN
At the 2009 session of the United Nations’ Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND), the UN Member States adopted a¢new political declaration and plan of action to tackle the world drug problem (EMCDDA, 2009a).
Države članice ZN so na sestanku Komisije Združenih narodov za droge (CND) leta 2009 sprejele novo politično deklaracijo in akcijski načrt za reševanje svetovne problematike drog (EMCDDA, 2009a).
They also passed a resolution (52/12) to improve data collection, reporting and analysis, in order to monitor the implementation of these new drug policy documents.
Sprejele so tudi resolucijo (52/15), da bi se izboljšali zbiranje, sporočanje in analiziranje podatkov za spremljanje izvajanja teh novih dokumentov o politiki na področju drog.
The Lisbon Treaty also addresses public health and, as in the past, empowers the European Union to complement the Member States’ action to reduce ‘drugs-related health damage including information and prevention’.
Zaradi težav pri zadnji reviziji predhodne desetletne politične deklaracije in akcijskih načrtov je v resoluciji naveden poziv k razvoju orodij in mehanizmov za zbiranje podatkov, ki bi dali zanesljive in primerljive podatke.
This reinforces the work carried out by the Commission and the EMCDDA in these areas.
Na seznamu razmislekov sta se visoko uvrstila potreba po spodbujanju držav članic ZN k boljšemu poročanju in cilj,
(1) For more information, see the Treaty of Lisbon on the Europa website.
Komisija je ugotovila, da Okvirni sklep sicer pomeni prvi korak k skupnemu pristopu v boju proti trgovanju z drogami, vendar ni prinesel bistvenega zbliževanja nacionalnih zakonodaj(1).
In view of difficulties experienced in the final review of the previous 10-year political declaration and action plans, the resolution called for the development of data collection tools and mechanisms to provide reliable and comparable data.
Komisija je objavila tudi delovni dokument, v katerem so opisani mehanizmi za odkrivanje in spremljanje nastajajočih trendov v Evropski uniji ter za odzivanje nanje, predlagane pa so tudi smernice za prihodnje delo(2).
High on the list of considerations were the need to encourage better reporting by UN Member States, and the aim to avoid unnecessary duplication with existing international monitoring systems, including
Poleg tega se je začel izvajati nov projekt, ki naj bi podprl izvajanje vseevropskega sistema forenzičnega profiliranja sintetičnih
EU drugs strategy and action plan whether it should remain an informal exchange platform or become a formal advisory body to the Commission.
Odzivanje na droge v skladu z Lizbonsko pogodbo prihodnja vloga Foruma civilne družbe o drogah – ali naj ostane neformalna platforma za izmenjavo mnenj ali postane formalni organ za svetovanje Komisiji.
The first year of the new EU drugs action plan (2009–12) saw a number of activities carried out. During their presidencies of the European Union, both the Czech Republic and Sweden supported the action plan’s implementation with the adoption of Council conclusions.
Namen Lizbonske pogodbe, ki je začela veljati 1.decembra2009, je Evropski uniji zagotoviti preprostejše delovne metode in pravila glasovanja ter učinkovitejše in sodobne institucije(1).
One of these conclusions called for the development of key indicators in the field of drug markets, drugrelated crime and supply reduction, a second called for the exchange of good practice, guidelines and quality standards for universal prevention and a third urged the strengthening of the European Union’s research capacity on illicit drugs.
S Pogodbo se izboljšuje tudi zmožnost Evropske unije za ukrepanje na različnih področjih politike v zvezi z drogami.
Another measure with the aim to involve and mobilise civil society is the European Commission’s European Action on Drugs.
Še en ukrep Evropske komisije, katerega cilj je vključiti in mobilizirati civilno družbo, je Evropsko ukrepanje na področju drog.
The project invites authorities, institutions, associations, non-governmental organisations, companies and individuals to make a commitment for a specific action in the drugs field.
Pri tem projektu so organi, ustanove, združenja, nevladne organizacije, podjetja in posamezniki pozvani, naj se zavežejo k izvajanju posebnih ukrepov na področju drog.
In this way, the project intends to provide civil society with a platform to increase awareness regarding drugs and the risks related to drug use and to promote dialogue and exchanges of best practice.
Nameni tega projekta so tako civilni družbi zagotoviti platformo za izboljšanje ozaveščenosti glede drog in tveganj, povezanih z njihovo uporabo, ter spodbujanje dialoga in izmenjave najboljše prakse. Do začetka marca2010 je zaveze priglasilo približno 640 kandidatov.
Mobilising civil society should also be one of the key principles for the next EU drugs strategy¢(4).
načel naslednje strategije EU za boj proti drogam(4
The programme provides a framework for EU action on the questions of citizenship, justice, security, asylum and immigration for the area of justice, freedom and security for the years 2010–14.
Ta program zagotavlja okvir za ukrepanje EU v zvezi z vprašanji državljanstva, sodstva, azila in priseljevanja za območje svobode, varnosti in pravice v letih 2010–2014.
The European Commission released a report on the implementation of the Council Framework Decision¢2004/757/JHA of 25 October 2004 laying down minimum provisions on the criminal acts and penalties applicable in the field of drug trafficking.
V Lizbonski pogodbi se obravnava tudi javno zdravje, pri čemer je Evropska unija pooblaščena za dopolnjevanje ukrepov držav članic za zmanjševanje „škode za zdravje zaradi uživanja drog, vključno z obveščanjem in preprečevanjem“.
The Commission found that, although marking a first step towards a¢common approach in combating drug trafficking, the framework decision has not brought about a substantial approximation of national laws¢(1).
Evropska komisija lahko v skladu z novim členom o javnem zdravju v tesni povezavi z državami članicami prevzame pobudo za oblikovanje smernic in kazalnikov, organizacijo izmenjave najboljše prakse in pripravo potrebnih elementov za redno spremljanje in presojo.
The¢Commission also published a working paper describing the existing mechanisms for detecting, monitoring and responding to emerging trends in the European Union and proposing guidelines for future work¢(2).
S tem se izboljša delo, ki ga na teh področjih opravljata Komisija in Center.
In addition, a new project
Novi dosežki
Drug strategies and action plans are now core instruments of national drug policies in Europe.
Strategije in akcijski načrti za boj proti drogam so zdaj bistveni instrumenti nacionalnih politik na področju drog v Evropi.
Almost all of the 30¢countries monitored by the EMCDDA have adopted such policy documents, which they renew periodically.
Skoraj vseh 30 držav, ki jih spremlja Center, je sprejelo take dokumente o politiki in jih tudi redno posodablja.
In¢2009, new drug strategies or action plans were adopted by seven European countries (see Table 1), while a further 12 were drafting new national drug policy documents in early 2010¢(5).
Leta2009 je nove strategije ali akcijske načrte za boj proti drogam sprejelo sedem evropskih držav (glej preglednico1), še dvanajst držav pa je na začetku leta 2010 pripravljalo osnutke novih dokumentov o nacionalni politiki na področju drog(5).
By¢providing a kind of ‘fingerprint’ for the drugs, forensic profiling can help trace manufacturers and chart drug distribution channels.
S forenzičnim profiliranjem se pridobijo nekakšni „prstni odtisi“ drog, ki pripomorejo k izsleditvi proizvajalcev in odkrivanju distribucijskih poti za droge.
Other activities by the Commission, regarding collaboration with civil society and drugrelated research, are described elsewhere in this chapter.
Druge dejavnosti Komisije, povezane s sodelovanjem s civilno družbo in raziskavami na področju drog, so opisane v drugih delih tega poglavja.