natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Children and young people under the age of 18 are treated in specialised agencies in 23 countries; the treatment of drug users with psychiatric co-morbidity takes place in specialised agencies in 18 countries; and womenspecific services are reported to exist in all countries except Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Bulgaria and Turkey.
Pobuda v tej smeri je skupni projekt EMCDDA–Correlation, ki ga podpirajo strokovnjaki iz nacionalnih kontaktnih točk Francije, Irske, Madžarske in Norveške.
Services designed to meet the needs of immigrant drug users or of groups with specific language requirements or religious or cultural backgrounds are less common but have been reported from Belgium, Germany, Greece, Spain, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
Mreža Correlation (Evropska mreža za socialno vključenost in zdravje, www.correlation-net.org) predstavlja vladne in nevladne organizacije iz 27 evropskih držav, financirana pa je v okviru programa javnega zdravja Evropske komisije (GD SANCO).
Lowthreshold agencies play a crucial role in increasing drug users’ access to care.
nizkopražne agencije, na nacionalni ravni v večini držav komajda zabeležene.
For populations of drug users that are ‘hidden’ or more difficult to reach or have lost contact with the care system, these agencies can provide a point of contact and a setting for delivering medical and social services.
Ni lahko določiti, kakšno je stanje v Evropi. Projekt za izboljšanje stanja glede podatkov je opisan v polju „Nizkopražne agencije kot pomemben vir podatkov“.
However, the availability and accessibility of such services are rated to be low in most of these countries.
Ciljno usmerjeno zdravljenje in upravljanje kakovosti
A similar specialised programme for amphetamine users is reported from Spain, Slovakia and the United Kingdom.
Sedanji akcijski načrt EU zahteva tudi visokokakovostne storitve na področju zdravljenja in zmanjševanja škode.
Further concrete steps towards enhancement of quality in treatment and care are individual case management, mediation of the provision of specialist services (i.e. treatment of co-morbidities) and pretreatment client assessments to better match client profiles with the treatment on offer with the aim of achieving longer retention and increased treatment effectiveness.
Rezultat uporabe orodij za vodenje kakovosti na ravni načrtovanja zdravljenja in zmanjševanja škode so storitve, ki so bolj prilagojene ciljni skupini, npr. upoštevanje različnih potreb spolov (glej tudi izbrano vprašanje o spolu).
Although all lowthreshold agencies have in place some system for documenting their service delivery, and monitoring and reporting can be extensive, these activities are primarily orientated towards accountability to funding bodies and less towards internal quality management or service planning and evaluation.
Kljub splošnemu povečanju možnosti zdravljenja ostaja vključitev nekaterih skupin uživalcev drog, zlasti tistih z dolgoročnimi in kroničnimi težavami, izziv za službe za zdravljenje odvisnosti od drog.
All too often, valuable information that is collected remains at the level of the agency.
Terensko delo in nizkopražne intervencije so pogost pristop pri poskusu navezovanja stikov in ukvarjanju s to težko dosegljivo populacijo.
Despite its potential importance for monitoring drug use patterns and trends as well as service access, the lowthreshold setting appears to be largely underused.
Spornejši je pristop nekaterih držav, ki razvijajo nadzorovane prostore za uživanje drog, namenjene predvsem injicirajočim uživalcem, včasih pa se ponudba razširi tudi na kajenje crack kokaina ali heroina (glej EMCDDA, 2004c).
One main obstacle is lack of standardisation and comparability of the collected information.
Drugo sporno področje razvoja storitev in eksperimentiranja je uporaba heroina v nekaterih državah kot nadomestne snovi pri zdravljenju.
It is important for improving the quality of data available on the provision and utilisation of harm reduction services that a data collection tool exists that is appropriate for agencies and at the same time produces relevant results for national and European monitoring purposes.
Čeprav dejavnosti na tem področju na splošno ostajajo zelo omejene v primerjavi z drugimi možnostmi zdravljenja, so nekatere študije priporočile, da bi predpisovanje heroina lahko imelo morebitne koristi za uživalce, pri katerih je bilo metadonsko vzdrževalno zdravljenje neuspešno.
An initiative in this direction is the joint EMCDDA–Correlation project, supported by experts from the national focal points of France, Ireland, Hungary and Norway.
Na primer, v zvezi z nedavnim nemškim naključnim nadzorovanim preskusom na področju zdravljenja, podprtega s heroinom (Naber in Haasen, 2006), se poroča o pozitivnih rezultatih tako glede zdravstvenega stanja kot glede zmanjšanja uživanja prepovedanih drog.
The Correlation network (European Network for Social Inclusion and Health, www.correlation-net.org) represents governmental and non-governmental organisations from 27 European countries and is funded under the public health programme of the European Commission (Health and Consumer Protection DG).
Vendar pa trenutno v Evropi ni jasnega soglasja glede stroškov in koristi tega pristopa, zato ostaja to področje obsežne politične in znanstvene razprave.
Despite the overall expansion of treatment options, engaging with some groups of drug users, particularly those with long-term and chronic problems, remains a challenge for drug services.
Z večjo razpoložljivostjo in kakovostjo zdravljenja se je v nekaterih evropskih mestih poudarek preusmeril v zmanjševanje vpliva uživanja drog na skupnost.
Outreach and lowthreshold interventions are common approaches to attempting to make contact and engage with these hard-to-reach populations.
Odločno terensko delo in zanimiv razpon nizkopražnih storitev sta
A more controversial approach is the development in some countries of supervised drug consumption rooms mostly targeting drug injectors but now sometimes also extending provision to crack cocaine or heroin smoking (see EMCDDA, 2004c).
Enote ali programi za zdravljenje, ki oskrbujejo izključno eno določeno ciljno skupino, so pogost pojav v EU.
Another controversial area of service development and experimentation is the use of heroin by a few countries as an agent for drug substitution treatment. Although, overall, activities in this area remain very limited
Otroci in mladi, mlajši od 18 let, se zdravijo v specializiranih agencijah v 23 državah, zdravljenje uživalcev drog s psihiatrično komorbidnostjo poteka v specializiranih agencijah v 18 državah, o zagotavljanju storitev, namenjenih posebej
Annual report 2006: the state of the drugs problem in Europe
Letno poročilo 2006: stanje v zvezi s problemom drog v Evropi s tega področja.
The 2005–08 action plan calls on Member States to ‘improve access to and coverage of rehabilitation and social reintegration programmes’.
Zato večina spodaj navedenih informacij temelji na kakovostni oceni, usmerjeni v politiko, izvajanje in
In 2004/05, in response to the EU action plan, 20 of the
V letih 2004/05 je 20 od 28 držav poročevalk kot odziv na akcijski načrt EU sprejelo strategijo za socialno reintegracijo,
social reintegration; a further four countries, although they do not address this issue explicitly in their national drug strategy or other drug policy documents, have regional or local strategies in place; three have neither.
Druge štiri države tega vprašanja niso izrecno obravnavale v svojih nacionalnih strategijah o drogah ali drugih dokumentih o politiki drog, so pa uvedle regionalne in lokalne strategije, tri države pa niso ukrenile nič.
The development of ‘safer’ substitution products (i.e. substances less likely to be diverted into the black market) makes it likely that drug dependency treatment will move even further towards the GP’s surgery.
Razvoj „varnejših“ nadomestnih snovi (npr. snovi, za katere bi bilo manj verjetno, da se bodo preusmerile na črni trg) obeta, da se bo zdravljenje odvisnosti od drog še bolj približalo ordinacijam osebnih zdravnikov.
This is also a process of normalisation, which allows drug dependency to be treated like a chronic disease such as diabetes.
To je tudi proces normalizacije, ki omogoča, da se odvisnost od drog zdravi kot kronična bolezen, kot na primer sladkorna bolezen.
The main provider of funds is to be found at state/national level in 11 countries, whereas funding is predominantly at regional/local level in eight countries.
V enajstih državah se sredstva zagotavljajo predvsem na državni/nacionalni ravni, v osmih pa predvsem na regionalni/lokalni ravni.
In another eight countries, the funding comes from both levels, with no apparent predominant provider, or through health insurance schemes.
V drugih osmih državah se sredstva zagotavljajo enakomerno iz obeh strani, ali iz sistemov zdravstvenega zavarovanja.
Some countries report that the large groups of heroin users in substitution treatment create a corresponding demand for social reintegration support, especially for paid work.
Nekatere države poročajo, da velike skupine uživalcev heroina, vključenih v zdravljenje z nadomestno snovjo, ustvarjajo ustrezno povpraševanje po podpori pri socialni reintegraciji, zlasti po plačanem delu.
Under the current economic circumstances, many countries may find it difficult to meet the vocational reintegration needs of older heroin users, even if they are stabilised in drug maintenance treatment.
V trenutnih gospodarskih razmerah je v mnogih državah morda težko izpolniti potrebe po poklicni reintegraciji starejših uživalcev heroina, četudi so se ti stabilizirali v vzdrževalnem zdravljenju.
This situation is aggravated by the high levels of morbidity among this group.
Takšne razmere še poslabšuje visoka stopnja obolevnosti v tej skupini.
In the EU Member States, problem drug users can access social measures through facilities either exclusively dedicated to drug users or targeting socially deprived groups.
V državah članicah EU imajo problematični uživalci drog dostop do socialnih ukrepov prek zmogljivosti, ki so namenjene izključno uživalcem drog ali socialno ogroženim skupinam.
Among these measures, housing is one of the key pillars.
Med temi ukrepi je eden od ključnih stebrov stanovanje.
The service most commonly offered to homeless problem drug users is access to ‘generic housing services’ (in 21 countries), while 18 countries offer housing facilities solely for problem drug users and 13 countries combine the two systems.
Storitev, ki se najpogosteje ponuja brezdomnim problematičnim uživalcem drog, je dostop do „splošnih stanovanjskih storitev“ (v 21 državah), medtem ko v 18 državah ponujajo stanovanjske zmogljivosti izključno problematičnim uživalcem drog, v 13 pa oba sistema združujejo.
However, there are doubts about the effective access of homeless problem drug users to these facilities.
Obstaja pa dvom o učinkovitem dostopu brezdomnih problematičnih uživalcev drog do teh zmogljivosti.
Low availability, local resistance to providing drug users with new facilities, restricted criteria for access and difficulties for homeless problem drug users in sticking to the rules are among the problems reported.
Med težavami, o katerih se poroča, so majhna razpoložljivost, lokalni odpor do zagotavljanja novih zmogljivosti uživalcem drog, omejena merila za dostop in težave brezdomnih problematičnih uživalcev pri upoštevanju pravil.
Getting homeless problem drug users into stable accommodation is the first step towards stabilisation and rehabilitation. Based on the estimated numbers of problem drug users and the proportion of homeless people among
Akcijski načrt 2005–2008 od držav članic zahteva, da „izboljšajo dostopnost in povečajo število vključenih v programe rehabilitacije in socialne reintegracije“.
All the available literature and facts and figures from Member States converge towards the same truth: the life situations of drug users are far more problematic and precarious than those of the general population. Thus, in the last two EU drug action plans, social reintegration has been one of the ultimate aims in order to improve the health and social status of drug users.
Kljub temu da so socialni ukrepi še vedno manj uveljavljeni odziv na problematično uživanje drog kot zdravljenje, strokovnjaki priznavajo, da so intervencije, ki združujejo zdravljenje ter zdravstvene in socialne ukrepe, najboljši način za rehabilitacijo uživalcev drog.
) Social reintegration is defined as ‘any social intervention with the aim of integrating former or current problem drug users into the community’. The three
37) Socialna reintegracija je opredeljena kot „katerakoli socialna intervencija, katere cilj je vključitev bivših ali trenutnih problematičnih uživalcev drog
Other measures, such as counselling and leisure activities, may also be used.
Lahko se uporabijo tudi drugi ukrepi, kot so svetovanje in prostočasne dejavnosti.
Chapter 2: Responding to drug problems in Europe — an overview clients in treatment, there are approximately 75 600 to 123 300 homeless problem drug users in Europe.
Poglavje 2: Odzivi na probleme drog v Evropi – pregled
A gender perspective on drug use and responding to drug problems, in EMCDDA 2006 annual report: selected issues addressed are: What differences exist between the use of drugs by men and women and is the gender gap narrowing?
Vidik spolov pri uživanju drog in odzivanju na probleme z drogami, v Letnem poročilu Centra za 2006: izbrana vprašanja vprašanji so: Kakšne so razlike med uživanjem drog pri moških in ženskah ter ali se razkorak med spoloma zmanjšuje?
How have Member States developed gender-specific approaches to drug prevention, treatment, social rehabilitation and harm reduction?
Kako so države članice razvile za spol specifične pristope k preprečevanju uživanja drog, zdravljenju, socialni rehabilitaciji in zmanjševanju škode?
Are gender-specific responses equally important for males and females?
Ali so za spol specifični odzivi enako pomembni za moške in ženske?
Generally among drug users, males far outnumber females.
Na splošno je med uživalci drog veliko več moških.
In the EU Member States, not only is the use of illicit drugs more common in males, but men are much more likely to develop problems, seek treatment and die from drug use.
V državah članicah EU moški niso le pogostejši uživalci prepovedanih drog, temveč pri njih obstaja tudi večja verjetnost, da bodo zabredli v težave, poiskali zdravstveno pomoč in umrli zaradi uživanja drog.
This selected issue looks at drug use and related problems from a gender perspective.
To izbrano vprašanje obravnava uživanje drog in s tem povezane probleme z vidika spolov.
Among the important questions
Med pomembnejšimi obravnavanimi
Supply and availability in the Rif region, which corresponds to a potential production of 2 760 tonnes of cannabis resin (UNODC and Government of Morocco, 2005).
Ponudba in razpoložljivost droge in kriminal pri Združenih narodih (UNODC) in maroška vlada, 2005).
Cannabis continues to be the most widely produced and trafficked plant-based illicit drug worldwide (CND, 2006).
Konoplja je še vedno najbolj proizvajana in prodajana prepovedana rastlinska droga na svetu (CND, 2006).
Other countries also mentioned in 2004 as source countries for the cannabis resin seized in the EU include Albania, Portugal, Senegal, Afghanistan, Pakistan and countries in central Asia (Reitox national reports, 2005; WCO, 2005; INCB, 2006a).
Druge države, navedene leta 2004 kot izvorne države hašiša, zaseženega v EU, so Albanija, Portugalska, Senegal, Afganistan, Pakistan in države Srednje Azije (nacionalna poročila Reitox, 2005; WCO (Svetovna carinska organizacija), 2005; INCB, 2006a).
Largescale production of cannabis resin is concentrated in a few countries, in particular Morocco, but also Pakistan and Afghanistan.
Obsežna proizvodnja hašiša (konopljine smole) je osredotočena v nekaj državah, zlasti v Maroku, pa tudi v Pakistanu in Afganistanu.
Total global production of cannabis resin is estimated to be 7 400 tonnes annually (CND, 2006).
Skupna svetovna proizvodnja hašiša se ocenjuje na 7 400 ton letno (CND, 2006).
Most cannabis resin consumed in the EU originates in Morocco; it is smuggled mainly via the Iberian peninsula, although the Netherlands seems to represent a secondary distribution centre for further transport to EU countries.
Večina v EU zaužitega hašiša prihaja iz Maroka in se največkrat pretihotapi prek Iberskega polotoka, čeprav je tudi Nizozemska pomemben center za nadaljnje razpečevanje v države EU.
Cannabis cultivation in Morocco was surveyed for the second time in 2004, and the findings revealed a 10 % decline compared with 2003, largely as a result of intervention by the government.
Druga raziskava o gojenju konoplje v Maroku je potekala leta 2004, ugotovitve pa so razkrile 10-odstotno zmanjšanje v primerjavi z letom 2003, predvsem zaradi posredovanja vlade.
In 2004, the total area under cultivation amounted to 120 500 hectares
Leta 2004 je obsegala celotna obdelana površina na pogorju Rif 120 500 hektarjev, kar ustreza potencialni proizvodnji 2 760 ton hašiša (Urad za
Interpreting seizures and other market data
Razlaga podatkov o zasegih in drugih tržnih podatkov
Worldwide, a total of 1 471 tonnes of cannabis resin and 6 189 tonnes of herbal cannabis was seized in 2004.
V svetovnem merilu je bilo leta 2004 zaseženo skupaj 1 471 ton hašiša in 6 189 ton marihuane.
Western and central Europe (74 %) and south-west Asia and the Near and Middle East (19 %) continued to account for most cannabis resin seized, while quantities of herbal cannabis seized remained concentrated in North America (54 %) and Africa (31 %) (UNODC, 2006).
Večina hašiša je bila še vedno zasežena v zahodni in srednji Evropi (74 %), jugozahodni Aziji ter bližnjem in srednjem Vzhodu (19 %), medtem ko je bilo največ marihuane še vedno zasežene v Severni Ameriki (54 %) in Afriki (31 %) (UNODC, 2006).
In 2004, an estimated 275 000 seizures of cannabis resin amounting to 1 087 tonnes were made in the EU.
Leta 2004 je bilo v EU po ocenah opravljenih 275 000 zasegov hašiša, kar je znašalo 1 087 ton.
Most seizures continued to be reported by Spain (which accounts for about half of all seizures and about three quarters of the total quantity seized in the EU), followed by France and the
O največjem številu zasegov še vedno poročajo iz Španije (iz katere je približno polovica vseh zasegov in približno tri četrtine celotne zasežene količine v EU), sledita ji Francija in Združeno kraljestvo (40).
United Kingdom (
41 ravni EU (
Although the number of resin seizures
Skupna količina prestreženega hašiša v EU
Drug seizures in a country are usually considered an indirect indicator of the supply and availability of drugs, although they also reflect law enforcement resources, priorities and strategies, as well as the vulnerability of traffickers to national and international supply reduction activities, and reporting practices.
Zasegi drog v državi običajno veljajo za posredni kazalec ponudbe in razpoložljivosti drog, čeprav odražajo tudi vire, prednostne naloge in strategije kazenskega pregona, občutljivost preprodajalcev za nacionalne in mednarodne dejavnosti za zmanjšanje ponudbe in prakse poročanja.
Quantities seized may fluctuate widely from one year to the next, for example if in one year a few of the seizures are very large.
Zasežene količine se lahko od enega do drugega leta precej razlikujejo, na primer, če je v enem letu nekaj zelo velikih zasegov.
For this reason, the number of seizures is sometimes a better indicator of trends.
Zato je število zasegov včasih boljši kazalec trendov.
In all countries, the number of seizures includes a major proportion of small seizures at the retail (street) level.
V vseh državah vključuje število zasegov velik del majhnih zasegov na maloprodajni ravni (na cesti).
Where known, origin and destination of drugs seized may indicate trafficking routes and producing areas.
Kjer sta izvor in namembni kraj zaseženih drog znana, lahko pokažeta preprodajalske poti in območja proizvodnje.
The price and purity/potency of drugs at retail level are reported by most of the Member States.
Večina držav članic je sporočila ceno in čistost/moč drog na maloprodajni ravni.
However, data come from a range of different sources, which are not always comparable, making accurate comparisons between countries difficult. cult.
Vendar pa podatki prihajajo iz vrste različnih virov, ki niso vedno primerljivi, zaradi česar so natančne primerjave med državami otežene.
in the EU as a whole declined between 1999 and 2003, trends in reporting countries indicate an increase at EU level
kaže na stalno povečevanje v obdobju 1999–2004, čeprav je leta 2004 večina držav (z izjemo Španije) poročala
41 in 2004 (
42 o zmanjševanju (
) This should be checked against missing 2004 data when available.
) To bi bilo treba preveriti, ko bodo na voljo manjkajoči podatki za leto 2004.
Data on both number of cannabis seizures and quantities of cannabis seized in 2004 were not available for Ireland and the United Kingdom; data on number of cannabis seizures were not available for the Netherlands in 2004.
Podatki o številu zasegov konoplje in količini zasežene konoplje leta 2004 niso bili na voljo za Irsko in Združeno kraljestvo, podatki o številu zasegov konoplje leta 2004 niso bili na voljo za Nizozemsko.
For estimating purposes, 2004 missing data were replaced by 2003 data.
Pri oceni so bili manjkajoči podatki za leto 2004 nadomeščeni s podatki za leto 2003.
Data on quantities seized in 2004 provided by the Netherlands were only estimates, which could not be included in the analysis of trends to 2004.
Podatki o zaseženih količinah leta 2004, ki jih je zagotovila Nizozemska, so bili samo ocenjeni in jih ni bilo mogoče vključiti v analizo trendov do leta 2004.
) See Table SZR-1 in the 2006 statistical bulletin.
(41) Glej tabelo SZR-1 v Statističnem biltenu 2006.(42) Glej tabelo SZR-2 v Statističnem biltenu 2006.
Annual report 2006: the state of the drugs problem in Europe shows a continuous increase over the period 1999–2004, although in 2004 a majority of countries (but not Spain)
Letno poročilo 2006: stanje v zvezi s problemom drog v Evropi
Herbal cannabis is less seized in the EU; in 2004 there were an estimated 130 000 seizures, amounting to 71 tonnes, period in most of the reporting countries, but remained stable in Spain and the Netherlands and increased in Germany, Latvia, Luxembourg and Portugal.
Število zasegov marihuane je v EU manjše, leta 2004 je bilo po oceni 130 000 zasegov, kar je zneslo 71 ton,
43 with most seizures occurring in the United Kingdom (
43 večina zasegov pa se je zgodila v Združenem kraljestvu (
The numbers of herbal cannabis seizures in the EU have increased consistently since 1999 (44
aktivna snov (EMCDDA, 2004b).
), although the quantities seized have been decreasing in reporting countries since
Leta 2004 je povprečna vsebnost THC v hašišu na ravni prodaje na drobno znašala od manj kot 1 % (v Bolgariji) do 16,9 % (na Nizozemskem), medtem ko je znašala moč marihuane od 0,6 % (na
Kingdom for 2004 are not yet available.
Število zasegov marihuane v EU je po letu 1999 stalno
51 to 12.7 % (England and Wales) (
Poljskem) do 12,7 % (v Angliji in Walesu) (
The potency of locally produced herbal cannabis was reported at 17.7 % in the
Moč lokalno naraščalo (44), čeprav se je zasežena količina v državah poročevalkah po letu 2001 zmanjševala (45).
Average prices of cannabis resin, corrected for inflation (48), fell over the period 1999–2004 in all reporting countries (49) of these will not be using the substance at the present time.
predvsem odraz tega, da podatki iz Združenega kraljestva za leto 2004 še niso na voljo.
50 prices of herbal cannabis, corrected for inflation (
Razširjenost in vzorci uživanja konoplje
), of for which information is available, 13 presented lifetime
Leta 2004 je ocenjeno število 12 800 zasegov v EU in državah kandidatkah pomenilo zaseg približno 22 milijonov rastlin konoplje in 9,5 tone rastlin konoplje, pri čemer je bila
(42) See Table SZR-2 in the 2006 statistical bulletin.(43) See footnote (40).
(43) Glej sprotno opombo (40). Podatki o številu zasegov marihuane v letu 2004 niso bili na voljo za Poljsko.