natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
31That second stage of the test frequently culminates in a finding that there has been an infringement of Community law.
31V tej drugi fazi nadzora se pogosto ugotovi kr�itev prava Skupnosti.
Federal Republic of Germany argued that that obligation was necessary to guarantee the quality of skilled work, but the Court held that that justification was not decisive and that it was necessary to take a different approach, linked to the effectiveness of the administrative provisions in issue.
v razvid obrti. Zvezna republika Nemčija je to obveznost utemeljevala z nujnostjo zagotavljanja kakovosti obrtni�kega dela, vendar pa je Sodi�če menilo, da taka izjema ni odločilna in da je treba uporabiti drugo pot, povezano z učinkovitostjo zadevnih upravnih predpisov.
The Court went on to state in Schnitzer that ‘the authorisation procedure set up by the host Member State must neither delay nor complicate exercise of the right of persons established in another Member State to provide their ser -vices on the territory of the first State where examination of the conditions governing access to the activities concerned has been carried out and it has been established that those conditions are satisfied’. 35
Sodi�če je dodalo, da „postopek odobritve, ki ga uvede država članica gostiteljica, ne sme niti zavlačevati niti zaplesti uresničevanja pravice osebe s sedežem v drugi državi članici do opravljanja storitev na ozemlju prve države, če so bili preučeni pogoji dostopa do zadevnih dejavnosti in je bilo ugotovljeno, da so ti pogoji izpolnjeni“. 35
The Vander Elst judgment ruled that an obligation incumbent on undertakings established in another Member State to obtain for their employees work permits issued by a national immigration authority, with the imposition of an administrative fine as the penalty for infringement, is incompatible with the freedom to provide services.
Sodba Vander Elst je potrdila, da je s svobodo opravljanja storitev nezdružljiva obveznost, ki od podjetij s sedežem v drugi državi članici zahteva, da za svoje delavce pridobijo delovno dovoljenje, ki ga izda nacionalni organ, pristojen za priseljevanje, saj se jim v nasprotnem primeru naloži upravna kazen.
A few years later, in Commission v Belgium, 32the Court went even further and extended that reasoning to national measures applicable to all individuals without exception, specifically an obligation incumbent on security firms to acquire an administrative authorisation. 33
Sodi�če je nekaj let pozneje v sodbi Komisija proti Belgiji 32�lo �e dlje, ko je to utemeljitev raz�irilo na nacionalne ukrepe, ki se uporabljajo brez razlikovanja, in predvsem na obveznost podjetij za varovanje, da pridobijo upravno dovoljenje. 33
For the purposes of determining whether an administrative obligation is justified, particularly when carrying out the necessity test, the Court has used consistent reasoning in its case-law.
Sodi�če je za ugotovitev, ali je upravna formalnost utemeljena, zlasti za presojo merila nujnosti, uporabilo dosledno utemeljitev v svoji sodni praksi.
In Schnitzer, 34which concerned the obligation to register in a trades register undertakings established in other Member States which provided ser -vices in Germany, is most illuminating.
Posebno zgovorna je sodba Schnitzer, 34 ki se je nana�ala na obveznost podjetij s sedežem v državah članicah, ki opravljajo storitve v Nemčiji, da se vpi�ejo
It may be inferred from all of the foregoing that the Court attaches particular importance to the effectiveness of national administrative obligations which entail, a priori, discrimination prohibited under Community law.
Iz vsega zgornjega izhaja, da Sodi�če namenja posebno pozornost učinkovitosti nacionalnih upravnih formalnosti, ki a priori vključujejo diskriminacije, prepovedane s pravom Skupnosti.
Justifications linked to such important matters as security or consumer protection are not persuasive where one of the objectives of the Community is at stake.
Utemeljitve, povezane s tako pomembnimi razlogi, kot sta varnost ali varstvo potro�nikov, se ne zdijo prepričljive, ko gre za določene cilje Skupnosti.
Although the statement of the law set out was developed in the context of the fundamental freedoms, I believe that its theoretical structure may be extrapolated to the present case.
Čeprav je bila predstavljena sodna utemeljitev razvita na področju svobo�čin, menim, da je njeno teoretično zgradbo mogoče prenesti na to zadevo.
33 — Judgment in Commission v Belgium, cited in footnote 32, paragraphs 35 to 40.
33 – Sodba Komisija proti Belgiji, navedena v opombi 32, točke od 35 do 40.
In its written observations, the Italian Government contends that the contested measures play an important role in combating fraud and employment black markets. The Italian Government maintains that the gathering of information about all parttime contracts represents a source of data which may be used to draw up and implement public policies.
Italijanska vlada v pisnih stali�čih spornim ukrepom pripisuje pomembno vlogo pri boju proti goljufijam in delu na črno; po njenem mnenju je po�iljanje vseh pogodb o zaposlitvi s kraj�im delovnim časom vir informacij, na podlagi katerih je mogoče oblikovati in izvajati javne politike.
However, the Commission argues that the obligations entail an obstacle which is incompatible with Directive 97/81 and with its objective of promoting a type of contract which, in the present case, has been obstructed without any justification.
Nasprotno pa Komisija meni, da so te formalnosti ovira, ki je nezdružljiva z Direktivo 97/81 in njenim ciljem spodbujanja pogodbene oblike, ki je v obravnavanem primeru neutemeljeno ovirana.
responsibilities of the public administration is not always a sign of good public management.
uprave ne izraža vedno dobrega upravljanja javnih zadev.
Pointless procedures, the raising of private funds to carry out tasks of doubtful use, and the supervisory zeal of the administrative authorities are symptoms which become even more contentious if they are employed in a discriminatory manner and aimed only at a particular group.
Odvečne formalnosti, uporaba zasebnih sredstev za izpolnitev nalog, katerih korist je nejasna, ali vnema uprave za opravljanje nadzora so simptomi, ki se zdijo �e bolj vpra�ljivi, če postanejo diskriminatorni do konkretne skupine.
I feel moved to recall the civil servant Ramón Villamil, the tragic hero of Miau, a novel in which Benito Pérez Galdós portrays those who struggle against the forces of bureaucracy without success or reward, engulfed by an administrative system which feeds on its own unnecessary procedures. 36
Ne morem se upreti želji, da omenim uradnika Ramóna Villamila, tragičnega junaka romana Miau, v katerem Benito Pérez Galdós opisuje tiste, ki se brez uspeha in nagrade bojujejo proti silam birokracije in jih požre sistem upravljanja, ki se sam vzdržuje z nekoristnimi formalnostmi. 36
The notification obligation in dispute in the present proceedings is not compatible with the importance which Directive 97/81 attaches to parttime work or with the prohibition of discrimination it contains.
Pomen, ki ga Direktiva 97/81 pripisuje pogodbam o zaposlitvi s kraj�im delovnim časom, in prepoved diskriminacije, ki jo vsebuje to besedilo, nasprotujeta zadevni obveznosti po�iljanja.
Since there are other less onerous measures which the Italian Government could use to achieve the same aims, the obligation laid down in Article 2 of Legislative Decree 61/2000 is
Če obstajajo druga manj zavezujoča sredstva, ki italijanski vladi omogočajo doseganje enakih ciljev, se zdi, da je obveznost iz člena 2 zakonske uredbe �t. 61/2000 nesorazmerna in posledično
The severity that the Court displays towards national discriminatory acts, which are expressly prohibited under Community law, indicates that the argument put forward by the Italian Government is unlikely to be successful.
Togost, ki jo Sodi�če izkazuje do diskriminatornih nacionalnih ukrepov, ki so izrecno prepovedani s pravom Skupnosti, daje slutiti, da trditve italijanske vlade ni mogoče sprejeti.
There is no doubt that the disputed measures are appropriate to attain the objectives pursued, but, in line with the necessity test, an assessment of whether there are other less onerous solutions demonstrates that the Italian legislation does not comply with the directive.
Ni dvoma, da so zadevni ukrepi ustrezni za zastavljene cilje, vendar pa presoja njihove nujnosti, ki vključuje preverjanje, ali obstajajo druga manj zavezujoča sredstva, dokazuje, da je italijanska zakonodaja nezdružljiva z Direktivo.
The obligation to submit a copy of all parttime contracts may be easily replaced by other procedures which are equally effective but less costly for employers, who must comply with a requirement which, in principle, is already fulfilled by the employment authority within its remit of supervision, inspection and enforcement.
Obveznost po�iljanja kopije vseh pogodb o zaposlitvi s kraj�im delovnim časom je mogoče zlahka nadomestiti z drugimi sredstvi, prav tako učinkovitimi, a cenej�imi za delodajalce, ki jim je naložena formalnost, ki jo upravni organi praviloma že izvajajo v okviru svojih nadzornih, in�pekcijskih in policijskih nalog.
36 — In a conversation between Villamil, a character who supports the simplification of administrative practices, and Buenaventura Pantoja, the satirical archetype of the 19th century civil servant, Benito Pérez Galdós recounts with mastery and humour that ‘what irritated Pantoja was that his friend [Villamil] advocated income tax, completely ignoring the territorial, industrial and consumer taxes.
36 – Benito Pérez Galdós v pogovoru med Villamilom, privržencem poenostavitve uprave, in Buenaventuro Pantojo, satiričnim arhetipom uradnika 19. stoletja, mojstrsko in s humorjem pripoveduje, da „je Pantojo razdražilo, da njegov prijatelj [Villamil] priporoča income tax in odpravo zemlji�kega [prispevka], obrtnega davka in davka na potro�njo.
Income tax, which was based on a tax return and whose assistants were self-esteem and good faith, was madness in a country where it is almost necessary to put taxpayers in front of the gallows to make them pay up.
Davek na dohodek, ki temelji na dohodninski napovedi, skupaj s samoljubjem in dobro vero je bil herezija v deželi, kjer je treba davčnega zavezanca skoraj postaviti pod ve�ala, da plača.
In general, simplification was contrary to the spirit of the upright civil servant who liked a lot of staff, a lot of muddle, and an enormous amount of putting away and taking out of paperwork.
Poenostavitev je bila na splo�no v nasprotju z duhom po�tenega uradnika, ki je cenil veliko zaposlenih, �tevilne zme�njave in zlasti premetavanje papirjev.
Lastly, Pantoja felt an element of personal suspicion, for that obsession with abolishing taxes was rather like wanting to abolish him.’ Pérez Galdós, B., Miau, col.
In končno, Pantoja je občutil nekak�no osebno nezaupanje, saj je v tej maniji po odpravi prispevkov videl željo po odpravi njega samega.“ Pérez Galdós, B., Miau, zbir. Austral, �t. 470, Iz. Espasa Calpe, Madrid, 2007, str. 193.
The creation of administrative duties for the purposes of reducing or lightening the
Vzpostavitev upravnih obveznosti za zmanj�anje ali omilitev odgovornosti
MICHAELER AND OTHERS disproportionate and, accordingly, contrary to Clause 5(1)(a) of the Framework Agreement set out in Directive 97/81.
MICHAELER IN DRUGI v nasprotju z določbo 5(1)(a) okvirnega sporazuma, priloženega Direktivi 97/81.
That conclusion is bolstered further when account is taken of the penalties resulting from an infringement of the contested obligation.
To ugotovitev potrjuje presoja posledic kazni za kr�itev sporne obveznosti.
The administrative penalties
Sistem upravnih kazni
The Member States enjoy a wide discretion when it comes to the adoption of measures to safeguard Community law.
Države članice imajo �iroko diskrecijsko pravico pri izvajanju za�čitnih mehanizmov prava Skupnosti.
In both the harmonised sectors and sectors where Member States may choose not to harmon- ise their legislation, provisions designed to combat breaches of obligations, in particular those of a punitive nature, are drawn up and enforced by the Member States as they see fit.
Na usklajenih področjih in področjih, za katera je značilen obstoj negativne želje po vključevanju, države članice svobodno pripravljajo in izvajajo predpise za boj proti neizpolnitvam obveznosti, zlasti kazenske predpise.
However, that rule is subject to the aforementioned obligation, incumbent on the Member States, to respect the Community principles of effectiveness, equivalence and proportionality.
To pravilo je vseeno podrejeno obveznosti držav, da upo�tevajo skupnostna načela učinkovitosti, enakovrednosti in sorazmernosti, na katere sem opozoril zgoraj.
It is settled caselaw that the administrative measures or penalties adopted by the Member States to implement Community law must not go beyond what is strictly necessary for the objectives pursued.
Sodi�če je večkrat odločilo, da upravni ali represivni ukrepi, ki jih države članice sprejmejo za izvajanje prava Skupnosti, ne smejo preseči okvira tega, kar je nujno potrebno za zastavljene cilje.
In that regard, a penalty must not be so disproportionate to the gravity of the infringement that it becomes an obstacle to the freedoms enshrined in the Treaty.
V zvezi s tem kazen ne sme biti tako nesorazmerna s težo kr�itve, da bi postala ovira za svobo�čine, določene s Pogodbo ES.
37The Court has also confirmed that, where a national administrative measure is ruled incompatible with Community law, the penalty provided for to guarantee compliance with that measure similarly becomes contrary to Community law. 38
37 Sodi�če je tudi potrdilo, da ko je nacionalni upravni ukrep razgla�en za nezdružljiv s pravom Skupnosti, postane tudi kazen, predvidena za zagotavljanje njegovega upo�tevanja, ki je v nasprotju s pravom Unije. 38
A system of penalties, be it criminal or administrative, aimed at enforcing Community law, must incorporate certain safeguards
Kazenski ali upravni sistem kazni, namenjen zagotavljanju izvajanja prava Skupnosti, mora izpolnjevati nekatere
OPINION OF MR RUIZ-JARABO — JOINED CASES C-55/07 AND C-56/07 relating to procedure and substance.
SKLEPNI PREDLOGI RUIZ-JARABOJA – ZDRUŽENI ZADEVI C-55/07 IN C-56/07 postopkovne in vsebinske pogoje.
39The procedural guarantees are protected by means of the principles of effectiveness and equivalence, 40while the substantive guar- antees are protected by the principle of proportionality.
39Postop-kovne pogoje urejata načeli učinkovitosti in enakovrednosti, 40vsebinske pogoje pa načelo sorazmernosti.
administrative penalties are not as severe as penalties in criminal law, the same general principles are applied in both systems.
26. maja 2005 v zadevi Komisija proti Svetu trdim, da ta istovetnost kazenske sankcije in upravne kazni obstaja v sodni praksi Sodi�ča.
41The rigour with which the principles are applied varies, but it is clear that principles such as the presumption of innocence, the ne bis in idem rule, lawfulness and culpability are legislative constructs which are applicable to both criminal law and the penalties implemented by the administrative authorities. 42
41 Intenzivnost uporabe teh načel se spreminja, vendar pa je očitno, da so načela, kot so načelo domneve nedolžnosti, načelo non bis in idem, načelo zakonitosti ali krivdno načelo, normativne strukture, ki se uporabljajo v kazenskem pravu ter tudi v sistemih kazni, ki jih izvajajo upravni organi. 42
In the case before the Court, there is no reason to call into question the procedure followed before the Italian administrative authorities and courts, but there is reason to question the substantive provisions of the contested measures.
Zadeva, ki jo obravnavamo, ne prina�a nobene negotovosti v zvezi s postopkom pred upravnimi organi ali italijanskimi sodi�či, ampak v zvezi s stvarno vsebino zadevnih predpisov.
It is therefore necessary to carry out a proportionality test.
Torej je treba opraviti nadzor sorazmernosti.
I have already explained that, under Legislative Decree 61/2000, employers are punished with a fine of EUR 15 for each employee concerned and for each day of delay in notifying the contracts they have concluded.
Navedel sem že, da zakonska uredba �t. 61/2000 delodajalcu nalaga kazen v vi�ini 15 EUR za vsakega zadevnega delavca in za vsak dan zamude pri obve�čanju o sklenitvi pogodbe.
Moreover, there is no ceiling at all on the fine; since it is a continuing infringement, the unlawful act may carry on for a long period of time, which increases the amount payable without limit.
Poleg tega ni za kazen nobene zgornje meje, saj se lahko ob trajni kr�itvi nezakonito dejanje podalj�uje v času in tako v neskončnost povečuje znesek kazni.
On that basis, it is my view that the penalties laid down in Decree 61/2000 are unlawful in the light of the principle of culpability, which requires that the penalty must reflect the intent of the infringer.
Na podlagi te predpostavke menim, da je sistem kazni, vzpostavljen z zakonsko uredbo �t. 61/2000, nezakonit z vidika krivdnega načela, na podlagi katerega mora biti kazen odvisna od namena storilca kr�itve.
To safeguard that principle, legal systems include corrective criteria which find expression in grounds for mitigation or aggravation.
Pravni redi za zagotavljanje te zahteve uvajajo korektivna merila v obliki razlogov za omilitev ali povečanje kazni.
Following the same approach, the conduct is typically classified as either fraudulent or negligent.
V enakem smislu se ravnanja lahko opredelijo za naklepna ali malomarna.
The penalty is therefore adjusted by reference to the degree of intent shown by the perpetrator, which in turn indicates his liability for the infringement. In caselaw,
Kazen se tako povečuje glede na namen storilca, s katerim se uresničuje njegova odgovornost. To se v
That type of system causes serious difficulties with regard to culpability.
Tak sistem povzroča resne nev�ečnosti, kar zadeva krivdo.
41 — I explain it as follows in point 47 of my opinion in Case C-176/03 Commission v Council [2005] ECR I-7879: ‘Depending on the extent of the response, there are criminal penalties — those of greater severity — and administrative penalties.
41 – To trdim v točki 47 sklepnih predlogov v zadevi Komisija proti Svetu (sodba z dne 13. septembra 2005, C-176/03, ZOdl., str. I-7879): „[g]lede na pomen odgovora je treba razlikovati med kazenskimi sankcijami, ki so najvi�ja stopnja, in upravnimi kaznimi.
However, the less stringent nature of the second type entails a relaxation of the safeguards which must accompany their imposition, without prejudice to the fact that, as I stated in my Opinion in Greece v Commission, in both situations similar principles must be observed.’
Vendar pa manj stroga narava upravnih kazni zmanj�uje moč jamstev, ki morajo spremljati njihovo uporabo, čeprav je treba, kot sem opozoril v sklepnih predlogih, ki sem jih predstavil v zadevi Komisija proti Grčiji […], v obeh primerih upo�tevati podobna načela […].“
MICHAELER AND OTHERS that operation is treated as an aspect of the principle of proportionality. 43
MICHAELER IN DRUGI sodni praksi pojavlja kot razsežnost načela sorazmernosti. 43
In Louloudakis, 44the Court held that a national penalty imposed automatically and on the basis of a single criterion as the reference point, namely the cubic capacity of a vehicle, without taking into account the age of the vehicle or other requirements and rules with which the owner had complied, was incompatible with Community law.
Sodba Louloudakis 44je potrdila, da je s pravom Skupnosti nezdružljiva nacionalna kazen, ki se naloži samodejno na podlagi enega samega merila – prostornino motorja vozila –, ne da bi se upo�tevali njegova starost ali drugi vidiki ali pravila, ki jih je lastnik upo�teval.
45Although the Court left the final assessment of the measure to the national court, the considerations put forward in the judgment on the question of culpability are relevant to the present case.
45Čeprav je Sodi�če prepustilo nacionalnemu sodi�ču, da opravi končno oceno ukrepa, ugotovitve glede krivde ohranjajo ves svoj pomen.
43 — National legal systems also base the determination of the level of culpability on the principle of proportionality.
43 – Predstavitev krivde v obliki načela sorazmernosti obstaja tudi v nacionalnih pravnih redih. V Franciji na primer Conseil d’État od sodbe Lebon (Section 9. junij 1978, str.
245), the Council of State has been applying the principle when reviewing the classification of administrative penalties.
245) uporablja to načelo pri nadzoru stopnje teže upravnih kazni.
The Spanish legislature sanctioned that practice in Article 131 of Law 30/1992 of 26 November 1992 on the Legal Provisions applicable to the Public Administrations and the Common Administrative Procedure, in which the grounds for adjusting punitive liability are set out under the heading ‘Principle of Proportionality’.
Španski zakonodajalec je potrdil to prakso v členu 131 zakona o pravnem sistemu javnih uprav in skupnem upravnem postopku (Ley 30/1992 de 26 de noviembre, del Régimen Jurídico de las Administraciones Públicas y del Procedimiento Administrativo Común), v katerem so razlogi za stopnjevanje upravne odgovornosti navedeni v rubriki z naslovom Načelo sorazmernosti. O razvoju merila krivde glej Peers, S., EU Justice and Home Affairs Law, 2. izdaja, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006, str. 417 in 418.
44 — Case C-262/99 [2001] ECR I-5547.
44 – Sodba z dne 12. julija 2001 (C-262/99, Recueil, str. I-5547).
45 — Paragraph 69 of the Louloudakis judgment, cited in footnote 44, states: ‘… although overriding requirements of enforcement and prevention may justify national legislation setting penalties at a certain level of severity, it is nevertheless possible that penalties determined in accordance with rules such as those applicable in the main proceedings may prove to be disproportionate and constitute an obstacle to the said freedom, inasmuch as they include flatrate penalties fixed solely on the basis of the vehicle’s cubic capacity, without account being taken of the vehicle’s age, and increased duty which may be as much as 10 times the charges at issue.
45 – Sodba Louloudakis, navedena v opombi 44, točka 69: „[…] čeprav zahteve po pregonu in preprečevanju lahko upravičijo, da nacionalna zakonodaja določa kazni na določeni ravni strogosti, ni mogoče izključiti, da se lahko kazni, določene v skladu s pravili, kakr�na se uporabljajo v zadevi v glavni stvari, izkažejo za nesorazmerne in so tako ovira za navedeno svobo�čino, ker vključujejo denarne kazni, določene pav�alno na podlagi samo enega merila, to je prostornine motorja vozila, brez upo�tevanja njegove starosti, in zvi�ano dajatev, ki lahko dosega celo desetkratni znesek zadevnih dajatev.
A penalty based on the sole criterion of cubic capacity could be disproportionate to the gravity of the infringement, in particular where it is associated with another heavy penalty, imposed in respect of the same infringement.
Kazen, ki temelji samo na merilu prostornine motorja, bi lahko bila nesorazmerna s težo kr�itve, zlasti ko je povezana z drugo visoko kaznijo, naloženo zaradi iste kr�itve.
The same could be true of a penalty amounting to a multiple of the charges at issue, for example 10 times such charges.’
Enako lahko velja za kazen, ki lahko doseže večkratni znesek zadevnih dajatev, na primer njihov desetkratni znesek.“ Ne smemo pa pozabiti, da so primeri, ko je Sodi�če priznalo določeno obliko objektivne odgovornosti na področju pregona, redki.
It must be recalled that the Court has only very rarely allowed any form of strict liability in the field of penalties.
V teh primerih je sodna praksa zahtevala, da nacionalni pravni red upo�teva načela učinkovitosti, enakopravnosti in sorazmernosti.
In those cases, the Court stipulated that national law must respect the principles of effectiveness, equivalence and proportionality.
Glej tudi sodbe z dne 21. septembra 1989 v zadevi Komisija proti Grčiji (68/88, Recueil, str. 2965, točka 24), z dne 10. julija 1990 v zadevi Hansen (C-326/88, Recueil, str.