natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
– Skills and knowledge are an important precondition for urban regeneration.
– Pomemben predpogoj za obnovo mest so spretnosti in znanja.
Successful solutions often require specific competences, including cooperation across administrative or professional boundaries.
Za učinkovite rešitve so navadno potrebne posebne spretnosti, kot je sposobnost organizirati sodelovanje, ki poteka ne glede na upravne in strokovne meje.
Cities should therefore make use of the knowledge gained and collected under URBACT12 as well as other European and national networks.
URBACT ter drugih evropskih in nacionalnih mrež.
– For the period 2007-2013, the Commission is proposing a European framework programme for the exchange of experience and good practice.
– Komisija za obdobje od leta 2007 do 2013 predlaga ustanovitev okvirnega evropskega programa za izmenjavo izkušenj in dobrih praks.
This will build on and extend the work of URBACT, which has so far concentrated on the experience of cities covered by the URBAN Community Initiative.
Ta program bo temeljil na delu, opravljenem v okviru programa URBACT, in ga bo še nadaljeval; URBACT se je namreč dozdaj osredotočal naizkušnjo mest, vključenih v pobudo Skupnosti URBAN.
The new framework programme would extend URBACT to cover cities in all Member States as well as the experience gained under national networks and resource centres for urban policy.
V novem okvirnem programu bodo zajeta mesta v vseh državah članicah ter izkušnje, pridobljene v okviru nacionalnih mrež in informacijskih centrov za mestne politike.
Urban renewal has been extensively supported by the EU Structural Funds.
Strukturni skladi Unije so bili močna podpora za obnovo mest.
In the framework of the new regulations for the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), the Cohesion Fund and the European Social Fund (ESF) the managing authorities of operational programmes will be able to finance a wide range of urban development projects.
Organi za upravljanje operativnih programov bodo lahko v okviru novih uredb o Evropskem skladu za regionalni razvoj (ESRR), Kohezijskem skladu in Evropskem socialnem skladu (ESS) financirali številne projekte razvoja mest.
Urban development may also be supported by the Initiatives JASPERS13
Razvoj mest podpirajo tudi pobude JASPERS13, JEREMIE14in JESSICA15.
) URBACT was created early in 2003 to organise exchanges among cities receiving assistance under the URBAN Programme, to draw lessons from implemented projects, and to disseminate such knowledge and know-how as widely as possible.
) Program URBACT je bil ustanovljen na začetku leta 2003 za organizacijo izmenjav med mesti, vključenimi v program URBAN, pridobivanje izkušenj na podlagi izvedenih projektov in širjenje tako pridobljenega znanja; od 1. maja 2004 so vanj vključena tudi mesta 10 novih držav članic.
Since 1 May 2004, cities in the 10 new Member States have become eligible to participate in the URBACT Programme.
Spletni naslov: http://urbact.eu) Člena 36 in 45(1)(a) splošne uredbe.)
Website: http://urbact.eu) General Regulation, articles 36 and 45 (1) a)) General Regulation, articles 44 and 45 (1) c)) General Regulation, articles 44 and 78 (6) a)
Člena 44 in 45(1)(c) splošne uredbe.) Člena 44 in 78(6)(a) splošne uredbe.
Guidelines for further action include:
Nekaj predlaganih smernic
– Private financing is useful and often necessary to complement public resources.
– Zasebno financiranje je uporabno in je pogosto nujen dodatek javnim virom.
A clear legal framework must underpin the setting up of public-private partnerships.
Javno-zasebno partnerstvo mora biti vzpostavljeno v jasnem pravnem okviru.
– The private sector brings not just money but complementary skills and competences.
– Zasebni sektor ni le vir finančnih sredstev, ampak tudi dodatnih spretnosti in znanj.
– An effective public-private partnership requires both a strategic and long term vision and technical and management competences on the part of local authorities.
– Za učinkovito javno-zasebno partnerstvo morajo lokalni organi oblasti oblikovati strateško dolgoročno vizijo ter biti tehnično in upravljavsko usposobljeni.
The conference Regional Responses to Demographic Challenges on January 25-26, 2007 is the second in a series organised in the context of the Regions for Economic Change initiative.
Konferenca z naslovom „Odziv regij na demografske probleme“, ki bo potekala 25. in 26. januarja 2007, je druga v nizu prireditev, organiziranih v okviru pobude „Regije za gospodarske spremembe“.
The aim of this initiative is to ensure that the wealth of experience and good practice which exists in Europe’s regions in a wide range of policy areas is shared as widely as possible and exploited fully to promote competitiveness, growth and job creation.
Pobuda si prizadeva razširjati bogastvo izkušenj in dobrih praks, ki obstaja v evropskih regijah, in ga polno izkoristiti, da bi spodbudila konkurenčnost, rast in ustvarjanje novih delovnih mest.
One of the themes identified in the initiative is“meeting the demographic challenge”.
Ena od osrednjih vsebin pobude je „odziv na demografske probleme“.
In recent years the European Commission has worked actively to take forward the debate on demographic issues.
V zadnjih letih se je Evropska komisija aktivno ukvarjala z nadaljevanjem razprave o demografskih problemih.
Most recently, following an EU-wide consultation, it laid down proposals for a long-term response to the issue in the Communication ‘The demographic future of Europe – from challenge to opportunity’.
Nedavno je na osnovi posveta na ravni EU predstavila predloge za dolgoročno strategijo reševanja problemov, o katerih je govorilo sporočilo z naslovom „Demografska prihodnost Evrope – problem ali priložnost“.
This Communication makes clear that the magnitude and rhythm of population trends varies substantially from country to country and from region to region.
V sporočilu je jasno zapisano, da se obseg in dinamika gibanj prebivalstva v posameznih državah močno razlikujeta.
To give just a few examples, fertility rates are much lower in Germany and Italy compared to France.
Na primer, rodnost je v Nemčiji in Italiji veliko nižja kot v Franciji.
Beyond changes in the size and agestructure of the population, there is a trend of population movement away from rural and isolated regions towards urban areas.
Poleg sprememb v obsegu in starostni strukturi prebivalstva se pojavlja tudi trend preseljevanja prebivalstva iz podeželskih in izoliranih regij proti urbanim območjem.
Many European regions are already experiencing such depopulation, with outward flows of working-age people leaving a very elderly population behind.
Mnoge evropske regije se že soočajo s tovrstnim odseljevanjem. Odhajajo ljudje v aktivnem obdobju življenja in za seboj puščajo močno ostarelo prebivalstvo.
Certain urban areas, on the other hand, find their infrastructure – housing, transport, and social services – under growing pressure from rapidly increasing populations.
Na urbanih področjih pa se zaradi hitro rastočega števila prebivalstva stopnjuje pritisk na infrastrukture – namestitev, javni prevoz in socialno skrbstvo.
The upshot of this is that a uniform policy response is impossible.
Iz povedanega je razvidno, da enoten politični odziv ni mogoč.
Effective policies must be based on an understanding of these differing medium- and long-term trends.
Politike bodo učinkovite le, če bodo upoštevale razlike med temi srednjeročnimi in dolgoročnimi trendi.
The objective of this conference – Regional Responses to Demographic Challenges – is precisely to arrive at a better understanding of the diverse challenges which Europe’s regions face on the demography question.
Cilj konference „Odziv regij na demografske probleme“ je izboljšati razumevanje različnih problemov, s katerimi se evropske regije soočajo na področju demografskih vprašanj.
It will also focus on the key role which regional policy plays in dealing with these challenges.
Konferenca bo poudarila ključno vlogo, ki jo lahko regionalna politika odigra v reševanju teh problemov.
Regional policy, by involving all relevant partners in the design and implementation of policies, by promoting medium-term strategic planning and a stable financial framework, allows regions to respond to population change through policies which are tailored to their specific needs.
Z vključitvijo vseh ustreznih partnerjev v načrtovanje in izvajanje politik, s spodbujanjem srednjeročnega strateškega planiranja in stabilnega finančnega okvira bo regionalna politika regijam omogočila, da se ustrezno odzovejo na spremembe v strukturi in številu prebivalstva, in sicer z rešitvami, ki bodo prilagojene potrebam posameznih regij.
The conference will focus on concrete examples from over 20 regions which are at the forefront of dealing with rapid demographic change, and will present projects demonstrating the innovative policies they have adopted.
Na konferenci bodo predstavljeni primeri iz več kot dvajsetih regij, ki so se med prvimi začele spopadati s hitrimi demografskimi spremembami. Predstavile bodo svoje projekte, ki so nastali na osnovi inovativnih političnih rešitev.
These experiences and the success stories they have generated need to be heard, understood and learnt from.
Njihove izkušnje in zgodbe o uspehu, ki so jih ustvarili, moramo slišati, jih razumeti in se iz njih učiti. In konferenca je odlična priložnost za to.
Danuta Hübner Member of the European Commission responsible for Regional Policy
Danuta Hübner Komisarka Evropske komisije za regionalno politiko
Regional policy responses to demographic challenges and opportunities
Odzivi regionalne politike na demografske probleme in priložnosti v strukturi prebivalstva evropske petindvajseterice so bile v tem obdobju različne.
There has been a sustained decline in the ‘natural increase’ since the early 1960s in contrast to the period before, while international migration has gained importance to become the major force of population growth from the beginning of the 1990s onwards.
Od zgodnjih šestdesetih let se naravni prirast v primerjavi s predhodnim obdobjem vztrajno zmanjšuje, v začetku devetdesetih let pa so najpomembnejši dejavnik povečevanja števila prebivalstva postali mednarodni selitveni tokovi.
In Europe, the trend towards greater life expectancy, often in good health, is primarily due to the unprecedented peace we have known for 60 years, the constant improvement in living conditions and the progress in medicine enabling us to live longer.
V Evropi sta trend podaljševanja pričakovane življenjske dobe in dejstvo, da ljudje starost večinoma dočakajo dobrega zdravja, v prvi vrsti posledica šestdeset let trajajočega miru, nenehnega izboljševanja življenjskih pogojev in napredka na področju medicine, zaradi česar živimo dlje.
This success partly explains the demographic perspective facing Europe of an ageing population with rising old age dependency ratios.
Ta uspeh pa je hkrati tudi delna razlaga za demografsko perspektivo Evrope, ki se sooča s staranjem prebivalstva in z zviševanjem stopnje obremenjenosti s starim prebivalstvom.
It is now widely understood that there is a strong demographic ageing of the EU population due to low fertility levels combined with longer, healthier lives and the fact that the baby boomers are approaching retirement age.
Dandanes je splošno priznano, da se prebivalstvo EU stara, in sicer zaradi nizke rodnosti v kombinaciji s podaljševanjem pričakovane življenjske dobe, pa tudi zaradi dejstva, da se ljudje iz generacije „baby boom“ približujejo starosti upokojitve.
In 2004-05, the EU-25 average life expectancy for men increased to 74 years and for women to 80 years (up from 69 and 76 respectively since 1980).
V letih 2004 in 2005 se je povprečna pričakovana življenjska doba v evropski petindvajseterici za moške zvišala na 74 let in za ženske na 80 let (v primerjavi z 69 in 76 v letu 1980).
In the EU-25, the total fertility rate has declined from a level of above 2.5 children in the early 1960s to around 1.5 in 1995 where it has remained ever since.
V evropski petindvajseterici je skupna stopnja rodnosti z 2,5 otroka na žensko, kolikor je znašala v začetku šestdesetih let prejšnjega stoletja, padla na 1,5 otroka na žensko v letu 1995 in tam tudi ostala.
That rate compares to the fertility rate of 2.1 children commonly accepted to be the replacement level.
Ta stopnja se lahko primerja s stopnjo rodnosti 2,1 otroka na žensko, ki velja za stopnjo, ki še omogoča obnavljanje prebivalstva.
Interestingly enough, surveys show that most European couples aged 40 and over consider that it was mainly social and economic factors which prevented them from having as many children as they would have liked.
Zanimivo je, da raziskave kažejo, da evropski pari, stari štirideset let in več, kot glavni razlog, zaradi katerega niso imeli toliko otrok, kot so jih želeli, navajajo večinoma socialne in ekonomske dejavnike.
Initially, discussion around this ageing trend concentrated on the sustainability of social security, pensions and health policies.
Na začetku se bile osrednje teme razprave o trendih staranja prebivalstva predvsem trajnost socialne varnosti, pokojnine in zdravstvena politika.
However, it is increasingly recognised that an ageing population will require the adaptation of practically all major public policies, including education, employment and social affairs, transport, public services and infrastructures and urban planning, to address ageing and exploit the opportunities it presents.
Zdaj pa postaja jasno, da bo starajoče prebivalstvo zahtevalo prilagoditev vseh poglavitnih javnih politik: izobraževanje, zaposlovanje, socialne zadeve, prevoz, javne službe, infrastrukture in urbanistično načrtovanje. Le tako se bomo uspešno soočili s staranjem prebivalstva in izkoristiti priložnosti, ki jih prinaša.
The Lisbon Strategy up to 2010 takes the broad European demographic trends into account.
Lizbonska strategija do leta 2010 v grobem upošteva evropske demografske trende.
Indeed, those trends reinforce the essential objective of seeking to improve EU competitiveness by raising overall employment rates and employment rates of women and older workers, and by promoting innovation and higher-value-added economic activities in order to raise productivity.
Ti trendi dejansko še poudarjajo pomembnost prizadevanj za izboljšanje konkurenčnosti EU, in sicer s pomočjo dvigovanja stopnje zaposlenosti žensk in starejših delavcev, in s spodbujanjem inovativnosti in gospodarskih dejavnosti z visoko dodano vrednostjo s ciljem povečevanja produktivnosti.
Trends in migration and immigration, compared to the predictability of ‘natural change’ in population, are more difficult to foresee and their effects can be more pronounced in a shorter period2.
Trende priseljevanja in odseljevanja je v primerjavi s trendi naravnega prirasta prebivalstva mnogo težje napovedovati, njihovi učinki pa so lahko izrazitejši v krajšem obdobju (2).
This has been true during the long history of European migration and immigration.
Tako je bilo tudi skozi vso evropsko zgodovino priseljevanja in odseljevanja.
Intra–European and intra-regional population movements slowed considerably in the mid 1970s as the demand for foreign workers fell following the first oil price shock in 1973.
Gibanja prebivalstva v Evropi in v posameznih regijah so se znatno upočasnila v sredini sedemdesetih let prejšnjega stoletja, ko se je zmanjšalo povpraševanje po tujih delavcih kot posledica prvega cenovnega šoka nafte leta 1973.
In the period since then, the improving economic performance of the poorer countries within the EU has contributed to lower migrant worker flows.
Od takrat je izboljševanje gospodarske storilnosti revnejših držav znotraj EU prispevalo k upadanju selitvenih tokov delavcev.
However, the development of migration patterns has been complicated by ‘quality of life’ factors, including environment and cost-of-living issues countering the traditional rural-to-urban (intra-national) trends, and the rise of cross-national flows in urban areas, particularly amongst the higher qualified. ed.
Napovedovanje selitvenih vzorcev pa je postalo veliko bolj zapleteno zaradi dejavnikov, kot so kakovost življenja, okoljski problemi in življenjski stroški, ki so nekoliko zavrli tradicionalne trende preseljevanja s podeželja v mesta (znotraj posameznih držav), in povečevanje mednarodnih selitvenih tokov, usmerjenih na urbana območja, predvsem med visoko izobraženim prebivalstvom.
However, at regional level demographic structures and likely future patterns often vary greatly from the EU and national averages.
Vendar pa se na regionalni ravni struktura prebivalstva in projekcije pogosto močno razlikujejo od povprečja EU in povprečij posameznih držav.
In order to address the demographic challenges effectively and seize the opportunities presented there is a need for regionally adapted policy responses.
Da bi se učinkovito soočili z demografskimi problemi in hkrati izkoristili priložnosti, ki jih ti problemi prinašajo s seboj, potrebujemo politične rešitve, ki bodo prilagojene potrebam posameznih regij.
EU Cohesion Policy is well suited to such a task, especially in those policy areas identified as EU Cohesion Policy priorities in the Community Strategic Guidelines 2007-2013 and in the specific funds regulations.
Kohezijska politika EU je ustrezno opremljena za takšno nalogo, predvsem na področjih, ki so opredeljena kot prednostne naloge kohezijske politike EU v Strateških smernicah Skupnosti za obdobje 2007–2013 in v ureditvah posameznih skladov.
In addition, the Commission Communication ‘The demographic future of Europe – from challenge to opportunity’1 sets out how the EU can constructively respond within an overall strategy.
Poleg tega je v Sporočilu Komisije „Demografska prihodnost Evrope – problem ali priložnost“ (1)natančno določeno, kako naj EU poišče konstruktivne rešitve v okviru splošne strategije.
While national governments will retain the policy prerogative in many policy areas affected by demographic trends, notably social and employment policies, many necessary reforms can be supported by EU Cohesion Policy.
Vlade držav bodo ohranile prednostne pravice odločanja na številnih političnih področjih, na katera vplivajo demografski trendi, številne potrebne reforme pa je mogoče izvajati s podporo kohezijske politike EU.
Basic demographic trends
Osnovni demografski trendi
During the last four decades, the population of the countries of today’s EU-25 has grown from over 376 million (1960) to about 459 million (2005).
V zadnjih štirih desetletjih se je prebivalstvo držav današnje evropske petindvajseterice povečalo z nekaj več kot 376 milijonov (1960) na približno 459 milijonov (2005).
Population change has two components: the so-called ‘natural increase’ (defi ned as the difference between the numbers of live births and deaths), and net migration (the difference between inward and outward migration).
Gibanje prebivalstva se meri z dvema kazalnikoma: tako imenovanim naravnim prirastom (opredeljenim kot razlika med številom živorojenih in številom umrlih) in selitvenim gibanjem (razlika med številom priseljenih in odseljenih oseb).
The strength and composition of
Naraščanje števila in spremembe
According to national statistics and Eurostat estimates, the total number of non-nationals living in the EU in 2004 was around 25 million, or just below 5.5% of the total population.
Po podatkih nacionalnih statističnih uradov in ocenah Eurostata je bilo leta 2004 število nedržavljanov, živečih v EU, okrog 25 milijonov, kar je malo manj kot 5,5 % celotnega prebivalstva.
In absolute terms, the largest numbers of foreign citizens reside in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK.
Absolutno gledano največje število tujih državljanov živi v Franciji, Nemčiji, Italiji, Španiji in Veliki Britaniji.
In the period 2000-2004, the non-national population varied from less than 1% of the total population in Slovakia, to 39% in Luxembourg, while in the majority of countries the figure was between 2% and 8%.
V obdobju med letoma 2000 in 2004 je število nedržavljanov predstavljalo manj kot 1 % celotnega prebivalstva Slovaške, v Luksemburgu pa kar 39 %. V večini držav se je to število gibalo med 2 % in 8 %.
In the 24 years up to 2004, the percentage of foreign nationals either did not change significantly in most Member States or it increased.
V 24 letih do leta 2004 se delež nedržavljanov v večini držav članici bodisi ni bistveno spreminjal ali pa se je povečal.
1 European Commission, ‘The demographic future of Europe – from challenge to opportunity’, Communication 571 (2006) of 12 October 2006.2 For more details see the 2006 Employment in Europe report: http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/employment_analysis/employ_2006_en.htm
1 Evropska komisija,„Demografska prihodnost Evrope – problem ali priložnost“, Sporočilo 571 (2006) z dne 12. oktobra 2006.2 Za podrobnejše informacije glejte poročilo„Zaposlovanje v Evropi 2006“: http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/employment_analysis/employ_2006_en.htm
Regional effects of demographic change: the main recent historic trends identified by Eurostat3 at national and regional
3)na nacionalni in bližnje zgodovine, ki jih je opredelil Eurostat (regionalni ravni, lahko povzamemo, kot sledi:
The most significant growth was observed in Luxembourg, followed by Spain, Cyprus, Greece, Ireland and Austria.
Največjo stopnjo rasti so zabeležili v Luksemburgu, sledijo pa Španija, Ciper, Grčija, Irska in Avstrija. Latvija je bila edina država, kjer so zabeležili znaten upad.
In 2004, the number of citizens from the ten new Member States residing in the EU-15 was comparatively small at around 0.2% of the total EU-15 population, with the largest proportion in Germany.
V letu 2004 je bilo število državljanov iz novih držav članic, ki so prebivali v državah evropske petnajsterice relativno nizko, predstavljalo je približno 0,2 % celotnega prebivalstva evropske petnajsterice, največji delež je sprejela Nemčija.
However, the loss of these workers has a higher incidence in their native countries where it is contributing to population reduction.
Posledični „negativni naravni prirast“ je razpršen in vzorec je manj izrazit kot pri gibanjih celotnega prebivalstva.
With ageing, the proportion of older people is increasing compared to the decreasing share of those of working age.
S staranjem se delež ostarelih povečuje v primerjavi z vse manjšim deležem za delo sposobnega prebivalstva.
If current trends prevail until 2050, a person of working age then might have to provide for up to twice as many retired people than is usual today.
Če se bodo trenutni trendi nadaljevali do 2050, bo en zaposleni moral poskrbeti za do dvakrat več upokojencev kot danes.
The regional differences already visible now in agedependency indicators might see more dramatic developments in some regions than in others.
Razlike med regijami, ki so že zdaj vidne v stopnji obremenjenosti s starim prebivalstvom, se bodo še povečale.
level can be summarised as follows:- In the north-east of the European Union the population is decreasing.
– Irska, Francija in tri države Beneluksa ter Danska v glavnem beležijo „pozitivni naravni prirast“ prebivalstva.
The resulting negative ‘natural population change’ is widespread and the pattern is less pronounced than for the total population change.
– V istih regijah so „negativni naravni prirast“ nadomestila pozitivna selitvena gibanja.
This negative pattern predominates in Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia and adjacent regions, as well as the Baltic States, Sweden in the north and Greece in the south.- Ireland, France, the three Benelux countries and Denmark are mainly experiencing a ‘natural increase’ in the population.- In some regions, a negative ‘natural change’ has been compensated by a positive net migration.
To je najbolj očitno v zahodni Nemčiji, vzhodni Avstriji, na severu Italije, v Sloveniji, pa tudi na jugu Švedske ter v posameznih regijah Španije, Grčije in Združenega kraljestva.