natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Moreover, European societies themselves are in a process of
Poleg tega je vključevanje večstransko in od različnih akterjev, tudi od samih priseljencev, zahteva sposobnost prilagajanja.
Family life, education, voluntary work, political parties, trade unions, organised religion, social dialogue, and other mechanisms and institutions are changing shape under the influence of rapid socio-economic change.
To vprašanje bi po pričakovanjih lahko sprožilo znane razprave o asimilaciji in večkulturnosti, vendar so udeleženci strokovnih seminarjev, ki so pripravljali priročnik, redko uporabili ta izraza.
Rather than integrating into static societies, immigrants and refugees in Europe engage with the fluid societal arrangements that surround them.
Kot oblikovalci politik in strokovni delavci, ki se vsak dan ukvarjajo z vključevanjem priseljencev, so uporabili bolj praktičen pristop in se osredotočili na rezultate v smislu socialne in ekonomske mobilnosti, izobraževanja, zdravstva, stanovanj, storitev socialnega skrbstva in družbene udeležbe.
Integration is not easy to plan: it is a longterm process, and it is non-linear.
Za izboljšanje položaja priseljencev sta odločilna dva procesa: odpravljanje neenakosti in pridobivanje usposobljenosti.
An international political event or a criminal act can set back the integration process significantly.
Ta dva izziva sta bistvo politik vključevanja v Evropi.
Integration is also multi-faceted, demanding a capacity for adaptation from a wide variety of actors including immigrants themselves.
Odpravljanje neenakosti v ekonomskem življenju, izobraževanju in na drugih področjih je naloga vseh vladnih in nevladnih akterjev, čeprav imajo tisti, ki oblikujejo zakonodajni okvir, posebno odgovornost.
European societies need to become ‘learning societies’, familiarising themselves with new types of interaction and communication and with new and diverse groups of people, including immigrants and refugees.
Ti koncepti se lahko uresničijo z določanjem standardov na nacionalni in evropski ravni, kodeksi ravnanja v zvezi z upravnimi praksami in odstranitvijo nepotrebnih pravnih ovir.
What does integration mean? The question might be expected to trigger familiar debates about assimilation or multiculturalism, but participants at the technical seminars preparing the handbook hardly used these terms.
Drugi izziv – pridobivanje usposobljenosti – je namenjen celotnemu prebivalstvu, vključno s priseljenci, in poziva vse posameznike, naj se vključijo v proces vseživljenjskega učenja.
As policy-makers and practitioners working with immigrant integration on a day-to-day basis they took a rather more practical approach, focusing on outcomes in terms of social and economic mobility, education, health, housing, social services, and societal participation.
Del tega je usvajanje jezika, kot tudi nenehno usposabljanje in izobraževanje.
Two processes are critical to improving immigrants’ outcomes: the elimination of inequalities, and the acquisition of competences.
Posamezniki sčasoma pridobijo nove informacije, poleg tega pa razvijejo tudi sposobnost učenja: „učijo se učiti“.
These challenges are at the heart of integration policies in Europe.
Znanje tudi krepi zavedanje svojih zmožnosti in nasprotno.
Elements of ‘civic citizenship’ such as security of residence, support for family life, facilitated naturalisation and antidiscrimination are of central importance, as are concepts associated with the term social citizenship: participation, social mobility and customised services.
Tudi organizacije koristijo same sebi in procesu vključevanja s pridobivanjem medkulturnega znanja, ne glede na to, ali so majhne ali velike, strokovne ali prostovoljne, ali so v rokah večinskega naroda ali priseljencev.
These concepts can be put into practice through standard-setting at national and European levels, codes of conduct concerning administrative practices, and the removal of unnecessary legal barriers.
S stalnim prilagajanjem svojemu okolju in njegovim spreminjajočim se vzorcem raznolikosti postanejo „učeče se organizacije“, ki krepijo socialno kohezijo v družbah, katerih del so.
Acquisition of competences, the second challenge, is directed at the overall population including immigrants and calls upon each individual to engage in a process of lifelong learning.
To, kar se ohlapno imenuje„vključevanje“, obsega tako vidike pravosodja in notranjih zadev, povezane s pravnim okvirom dovolitve vstopa, prebivanja, sprejema v državljanstvo in preprečevanja diskriminacije, kot tudi vidike, ki so bolj povezani s področji politike socialnih zadev, trga dela, izobraževanja ali kulture.
Language acquisition is part of the undertaking, as is continuous training and education.
Ta raznolikost se pojavlja na vseh državnih ravneh z različnimi generalnimi direktorati Komisije, ministrstvi in občinskimi oddelki, ki se vsi ukvarjajo z dejavnostmi vključevanja.
Over time, individuals not only gain new information but also develop the capacity to learn: ‘learning to learn’.
Zajema tudi različne nevladne akterje.
Empowerment also reinforces knowledge, and vice versa.
Zahteva usklajevanje med ministrstvi in različnimi ravnmi uprave ter med vladnimi in nevladnimi akterji.
Individuals are not alone in benefiting from increased competences.
Odpravljanje neenakosti, prilagajanje storitev različnim uporabnikom in spreminjanje orga-nizacijskih postopkov lahko povzročijo napetosti.
Organisations also help themselves and the integration process by acquiring intercultural knowledge, be
Družbe, v katerih se pojavlja raznolikost, morajo živeti z možnostjo, da se bodo pojavila na-
they small or big, professional or voluntary, mainstream or immigrant-led.
sprotja, in se naučiti reševati razlike s posredovanjem in pogajanji.
By constantly adapting to their environment and its changing patterns of diversity, they become ‘learning organisations’ that strengthen social cohesion in the societies of which they are a part.
Prizadevanje za takšne izmenjave se lahko spodbuja z osebnim sodelovanjem in stiki. Odprte komunikacijske poti so temelj trajnega dialoga in sodelovanja.
This variety is reproduced at each level of government, with different Commission Directorates-General, ministries, and municipal departments all involved in integration activities.
Pred temi poglavji je splošni pregled postopkov, ki jih je treba opraviti in zaradi katerih je izmenjava praks pomemben projekt, iz katerega je mogoče pridobiti nova koristna spoznanja.
It requires coordination between ministries and various levels of governance as well as between governmental and nongovernmental actors.
Priloga temelji na praksah učečih se organizacij in na razvijajočih se evropskih izmenjavah praks vključevanja.
Addressing inequalities, adapting services to a diverse client base, and modifying organisational practices can generate tensions.
Poglavje 1 o integraciji obravnava, kako postaja vključevanje priseljencev sestavni del oblikovanja in izvajanja politik, opravljanja storitev in organizacijske kulture na številnih področjih.
Immigrant and non-immigrant residents may find that they have competing interests, and that there are losers as well as winners in the integration process among various immigrant groups and the native population.
Kaže, kako vladni in nevladni akterji opravljajo integracijo vključevanja priseljencev, in predlaga orodja, ki jim lahko pomagajo pri prilagajanju politik in praks spreminjajoči se stvarnosti raznolike družbe.
Societies dealing with diversity need to live with this potential for conflict and learn to resolve differences through mediation and negotiation.
Poglavje 2 o stanovanjih v mestnem okolju opisuje prakse, katerih cilj je povečati izbiro priseljencev glede stanovanj, tako da se odpravljajo ovire pri dostopu in izboljšuje kakovost nastanitve.Ti ukrepi imajo v glavnem sicer majhen obseg in so ciljno usmerjeni, se pa izvajajo v okviru širših mestnih politik in struktur.
The commitment to engage in such exchanges can be fostered through personal interaction and contact. Open channels of communication are the foundation for sustained dialogue and cooperation.
Mesta utirajo pot pri razvoju ukrepov v zvezi s prenovo mest, mešanim lastništvom in najemništvom, vključujočimi institucijami in storitvami ter sporazumevanjem in sodelovanjem.V tem poglavju so primeri praks na teh področjih.
The Handbook has in addition to this introduction four chapters.
Raziskuje, kako lahko politike priseljevanja usklajujejo ponudbo in povpraševanje na trgu dela ter tako pospešujejo vključevanje priseljencev.
They are preceeded by a general overview of steps to be taken that make the exchange of practises a meaningful exercise from which useful lessons can be learned.
Poglavje tudi proučuje, kako lahko strategije za odpravljanje diskriminacije in za raznolikost spodbujajo enakost na delovnem mestu, ohranjanje zaposlitve in napredovanje ter ustvarjajo ozračje, v katerem je raznolikost cenjena.
The annex is based on practices of learning organisations as well as on the developing European exchanges of integration practices.
Nazadnje poglavje opisuje načine podpiranja podjetnikov iz etničnih skupin s svetovanjem, omogočanjem dostopa do finančnih storitev ali vključevanjem v mreže dobaviteljev.
Chapter 1 on mainstreaming looks at how immigrant integration is becoming an integral part of policymaking and implementation, service delivery and organisational culture across a wide range of fields.
Poglavje 4 o upravljanju vključevanja obravnava strukture, mehanizme, procese in oblike sodelovanja, ki sestavljajo okvir za politike in prakse vključevanja.
It illustrates how governmental and nongovernmental actors are engaged in the mainstreaming of immigrant integration and suggests tools that can help them to adjust policies and practices to the changing realities of a diverse society.
Kaže, kako lahko različni akterji, ki sodelujejo pri vključevanju priseljencev, skupaj opredelijo razmerja, ki izkoriščajo prednosti in sredstva vseh zainteresiranih strani.
Chapter 2 on housing in an urban environment describes practices that aim to broaden the housing choices of immigrants by lowering barriers to access and improving housing quality.
To poglavje opisuje načine za usklajevanje dejavnosti vključevanja na lokalni ravni. Nato obravnava vrednotenje kot ključni vidik dobrega oblikovanja politik in programov.
While such measures are mostly small-scale and targeted, they are implemented against the backdrop of broader urban policies and structures.
Nazadnje pa obravnava upravljanje virov in proučuje vloge različnih javnih in zasebnih akterjev pri financiranju politik in praks vključevanja.
The examples and lessons learned presented in this chapter relate closely to those of Chapter 1.
Primeri in pridobljena nova spoznanja, predstavljeni v tem poglavju, so tesno povezani s tistimi iz Poglavja 1.
They offer additional perspectives on some of the questions raised in the mainstreaming context: what is the right balance between leadership and ownership, coordination and flexibility?
Nudijo dodatna stališča glede nekaterih vprašanj, zastavljenih v okviru integracije: Kakšno je pravo razmerje med vodstvom in lastništvom, usklajevanjem in prožnostjo?
What funding models are successful in responding to real needs and opportunities?
Kateri modeli financiranja so uspešni pri odzivanju na dejanske potrebe in priložnosti?
How can one learn from positive and negative experiences and adjust policies accordingly?
Kako se učiti iz pozitivnih in negativnih izkušenj ter v skladu s tem prilagajati politike?
Annex I makes suggestions for the translation of the outcomes of integration programmes and projects into policy recommendations.
V Prilogi I so predlogi za prenos rezultatov programov in projektov vključevanja v priporočila glede politik.
This would make policies more praxis-based, which in turn enhances the sustainability of integration practices and increases support for integration policies.
Tako bi politike bolj temeljile na praksi, s čimer se krepi trajnost praks vključevanja in povečuje podpora politikam vključevanja.
Annex II provides a contact list of the National Contact Points.
V Prilogi II je naveden seznam nacionalnih kontaktnih točk.
Exchanging and learning from good practices
Izmenjava dobrih praks in učenje na njihovi podlagi
Organisations can learn from each other, whether they are governmental or nongovernmental agencies, working at the same or different governance level, when they design and implement policies or when they carry out concrete programmes and projects.
Organizacije se lahko pri oblikovanju ali izvajanju politik ali uresničevanju dejanskih programov in projektov učijo druga od druge, ne glede na to, ali gre za vladne ali nevladne agencije, ki delajo na isti ali različni upravni ravni.
The process includes the following steps:
Ta proces je sestavljen iz naslednjih korakov:
Describe in some detail the policy areas and integration programmes on which the exchange will take place and what the expected outcomes are;
• podrobno opisati področja politik in programe vključevanja, v zvezi s katerimi bo potekala izmenjava, in navesti, kakšni so pričakovani rezultati;
Decide whether the aim is to replicate practices of the partner organisation, to adapt its practices to their own situation, or to change and develop new practices together with the partner;
• odločiti se, ali je cilj ponoviti prakse partnerske organizacije, jih prilagoditi svojemu položaju ali jih spremeniti in razviti nove prakse skupaj s partnerjem;
Identify one or more potential partners and negotiate and agree on principles governing the exchange process (for example, by adhering to the European Benchmarking Code of Conduct of the European Foundation for Quality Management);
• opredeliti enega ali več možnih partnerjev in se uskladiti in dogovoriti glede na-čel, ki bodo urejala proces izmenjave (na primer z zavezanostjo Evropskemu ko-deksu ravnanja ob primerjalnih analizah (European Benchmarking Code of Con-duct) Evropskega sklada za upravljanje kakovosti (EFQM));
Allocate human and other resources to the exercise, create commitment among the organisation’s staff and demonstrate this commitment to partner(s);
• projektu nameniti človeške in druge vire, ustvariti ozračje zavezanosti projektu med uslužbenci organizacije in to zavezanost pokazati partnerju (partnerjem);
Decide on a programme and timeframe, designate staff, agree on an internal and external communication strategy, bring own staff and that of the partners together and build an exchange team based on competence and trust;
• določiti program in časovni okvir, imenovati osebje, dogovoriti se o notranji in zunanji komunikacijski strategiji, združiti svoje in partnersko osebje ter ustvariti skupino za izmenjavo na podlagi usposobljenosti in zaupanja;
Identify data sources and agree on how information will be generated, handled (especially where it concerns confidential data) and exchanged.
• opredeliti podatkovne vire in se dogovoriti, kako se bodo informacije pripravljale, obdelovale (zlasti kadar zadevajo zaupne podatke) in izmenjevale.
Determine and bridge or deal with data gaps;
Določiti in odpraviti ali obravnavati podatkovne vrzeli;
Engage in in-depth exchanges through site visits, preparing general background material on integration policies, giving detailed presentations on programme implementation and formulating learning points;
• opravljati poglobljene izmenjave z obiski na terenu, pripravljati splošno osnovno gradivo o politikah vključevanja in podrobne predstavitve o izvajanju programa ter oblikovati učno vsebino;
Establish to what extent situational differences influence not only expectations of outcomes of policies and practices, but also their actual impact.
• ugotoviti, v kakšnem obsegu razlike v razmerah vplivajo na pričakovanja glede rezultatov politik in praks, pa tudi njihov dejanski vpliv.
Develop common criteria to measure effectiveness and efficiency;
Razviti skupna merila za merjenje uspešnosti in učinkovitosti;
Compare policies and practices and formulate strengths and weaknesses.
• primerjati politike in prakse ter določiti prednosti in pomanjkljivosti.
Highlight critical success factors and identify hurdles.
Poudariti bistvene dejavnike uspeha in opredeliti ovire.
Establish lessons learned and make recommendations on how to apply them;
Opredeliti pridobljena nova spoznanja in pripraviti priporočila za njihovo uporabo;
-AINSTREAMING฀IMMIGRANT฀INTEGRATION
Integracija vključevanja priseljencev
This chapter looks at how immigrant integration is becoming an integral part of policymaking and implementation, service delivery and organisational culture across a wide range of fields.
To poglavje obravnava, kako postaja vključevanje priseljencev sestavni del oblikovanja in izvajanja politik, opravljanja storitev in organizacijske kulture na številnih področjih.
It illustrates how governmental and nongovernmental actors are engaged in the mainstreaming of immigrant integration and suggests tools that can help them adjust policies and practices to the changing realities of a diverse society.
Kaže, kako vladni in nevladni akterji opravljajo integracijo vključevanja priseljencev, in predlaga orodja, ki jim lahko pomagajo pri prilagajanju politik in praks spreminjajoči se stvarnosti raznolike družbe.
The term ‘mainstreaming’ originated in the gender field and is not as yet applied in integration policy across Europe.
Izraz„integracija“ izvira s področja enakosti spolov in se zaenkrat še ne uporablja v politiki vključevanja po Evropi.
However, it usefully groups together a number of points that have been part of the integration debate for some time:
Vendar pa uporabno združuje več točk, ki so že nekaj časa del razprave o vključevanju:
An immigrant integration perspective should be incorporated in all policies at all levels and at all stages, by the actors normally involved in policy making;
– akterji, ki ponavadi sodelujejo pri oblikovanju politik, morajo vključiti vidik vključevanja priseljencev v vse politike na vseh ravneh in v vseh fazah;
Organisations addressing the needs of society as a whole should ensure equal access to their programmes and services for all members of an increasingly diverse population;
– organizacije, ki se ukvarjajo s potrebami družbe kot celote, morajo zagotoviti enak dostop do svojih programov in storitev vsem pripadnikom vedno bolj raznolikega prebivalstva;
Sometimes general measures can be adapted to meet immigrant needs.
– včasih je mogoče splošne ukrepe prilagoditi potrebam priseljencev.
Sometimes targeted measures are necessary on a temporary or permanent basis.
Včasih so potrebni začasni ali trajni ciljno usmerjeni ukrepi.
Organisations can learn how to balance these types of measures, ideally in consultation with stakeholders including immigrants.
Organizacije se lahko naučijo, kako usklajevati te vrste ukrepov, po možnosti ob posvetovanju z zainteresiranimi stranmi, vključno s priseljenci.
The goal of ‘mainstreaming immigrant integration’ is formulated in Common Basic Principle Nr. 10, which affirms that ‘mainstreaming integration policies and measures in all relevant policy portfolios and levels of government and public services is an important consideration in public-policy formation and implementation’. A complementary principle is CBP Nr. 6, which states that ‘access for immigrants to institutions, as well as to public and private goods and services, on a basis equal to national citizens and in a non-discriminatory way is a critical foundation for better integration’.
Cilj „integracije vključevanja priseljencev“ je opredeljen v skupnem osnovnem načelu št. 10, ki navaja:„integracijo politik in ukrepov vključevanja v vsa pomembna politična delovna področja in upravne ravni ter javne storitve je treba izrazito upoštevati pri sprejemanju politik in njihovem izvajanju.“ Dopolnilno načelo je skupno osnovno načelo št. 6, ki navaja: „z nacionalnimi državljani enakopraven in nediskriminatoren dostop priseljencev do institucij ter javnega in zasebnega blaga in storitev je bistveni pogoj za boljše vključevanje.“
Mainstreaming implies adjusting policies that have a different impact on people, in such a way that inequalities and underrepresentation are addressed.
Integracija pomeni, da se politike, ki imajo različne posledice za ljudi, prilagodijo tako, da se odpravijo neenakosti in nezadostna zastopanost.
In other words, it is an instrument to promote equality.
Z drugimi besedami – je orodje za spodbujanje enakosti.
As the 2005 Commission Communication on ‘A Common Agenda for Integration’ notes, the promotion of fundamental rights, non discrimination and equal opportunities for all is a key integration issue.
Kot ugotavlja Sporočilo Komisije o „Skupnem programu za vključevanje“, so spodbujanje temeljnih pravic, nediskriminacija in enake možnosti za vsakogar temeljna vprašanja na področju vključevanja.
EU legislation provides a framework for robust national antidiscrimination laws.
Zakonodaja EU zagotavlja okvir za trdno nacionalno protidiskriminacijsko zakonodajo.
It prohibits direct and indirect discrimination, instruction to discrimination and harassment, but allows positive action.
Prepoveduje neposredno in posredno diskriminacijo, napeljevanje k diskriminaciji in nadlego-vanje, omogoča pa pozitivne ukrepe.
Relevant initiatives are developed at all levels of government and supported by programmes such as the European Action Programme against Discrimination.
Ustrezne pobude se razvijajo na vseh vladnih ravneh in imajo podporo programov, kot je evropski akcijski program za boj proti diskriminaciji.
Good mainstreaming practices build on antidiscrimination law but also illustrate how less legal mechanisms such as mediation and complaints procedures can be used for identifying problems and providing redress in individual cases.
Dobre prakse na področju integracije temeljijo na protidiskriminacijski zakonodaji, ponazar-jajo pa tudi, kako se lahko pravni mehanizmi, kot so postopki posredovanja in pritožb, uporabljajo za opredeljevanje problemov in zagotavljanje pravnega varstva v posameznih pri-merih.
Policymakers, service providers and nongovernmental organisations active in a wide range of fields need to look critically at their own activities.
Oblikovalci politik, ponudniki storitev in nevladne organizacije, ki so dejavni na številnih področjih, morajo kritično razmisliti o svojih dejavnostih.
To what extent do programmes recognise, respond to, and plan for immigrants’ particular needs and circumstances?
V kakšnem obsegu programi priznavajo, rešujejo in načrtujejo posebne potrebe in razmere priseljencev?
Can processes and structures be adapted to improve accessibility to immigrants on the basis of equality?
Je mogoče procese in strukture prilagoditi, tako da se izboljša dostopnost za priseljence na podlagi enakosti?
General programmes can promote immigrant integration as an integral part of activities that are geared towards society as a whole.
Splošni programi lahko spodbujajo vključevanje priseljencev v okviru dejavnosti, ki so usmerjene k družbi kot celoti.
At the same time, there are specific needs that will demand additional and targeted measures.
Hkrati se pojavljajo posebne potrebe, zaradi katerih bodo potrebni dodatni in ciljno usmerjeni ukrepi.
This chapter explores the dynamics of mainstreaming as a constant navigation between generalised and targeted measures.
To poglavje raziskuje dinamiko integracije kot nenehnega izbiranja med splošnimi in ciljno usmerjenimi ukrepi.
Ideally, they are complementary and work together in creating an environment that facilitates access and participation by immigrants.
V najboljšem primeru se dopolnjujejo in skupaj prispevajo k ustvarjanju okolja, ki priseljencem omogoča dostop in udeležbo.
Actors in different sectors of society can look at the numbers of people affected, at the timing, and at their own capacity to decide when to apply which type of measure.
Akterji v različnih družbenih sektorjih lahko upoštevajo število prizadetih ljudi, čas in lastne zmogljivosti, da se odločijo, kdaj uporabiti določeno vrsto ukrepa.
These criteria are further explored below.
Ta merila so podrobneje preučena v nadaljevanju besedila.