natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
This necessitates efficient and effective cross-border scientific and legislative co-operation.
To zahteva učinkovito meddržavno sodelovanje na področju znanosti in zakonodaje.
In fact, quality and safety has grown into a significant sector in European research and food production.
Pravzaprav je kakovost in varnost postala pomemben del evropskih raziskav in prehrambne industrije.
It is one of the seven thematic priorities of the EU’s current Sixth Framework Programme (FP6 2002-2006) and is set to become an important component of the upcoming FP7 (2007-2013).
Je ena od sedmih tematskih prioritet Šestega okvirnega programa Evropske unije (OP6 2002-2006) in bo postala pomemben del naslednjega OP7 (2007-2013).
Consumers increasingly want to be certain about the origin of their food.
Nedavno ustanovljen Evropski Urad za varnost živil in prehrane skuša zagotoviti kakovost evropske hrane, raziskava, ki jo financira Unija, pa podpira njihov cilj z ustrezno raziskavo.
Producers of regional specialities like Parma ham also want to be sure that imitators cannot make false claims of origin.
Ta brošura predstavlja nekaj pomembnih raziskav, ki jih Unija financira na tem zelo pomembnem področju.
However, there is currently no coherent Europe-wide traceability system for food.
Potrošniki hočejo biti vedno bolj prepričani o izvoru živil.
TRACE is a four-and-a-half-year EU-backed project that aims to provide complete traceability of a range of food products – meats, cereals, olive oil, honey and mineral water – from source to shop and back again.
Proizvajalci regionalnih specialitet, kot je šunka Parma, želijo biti prav tako prepričani, da imitatorji ne morejo dajati lažnih podatkov o izvoru.
The 50 partners will focus on products labelled as ‘of designated origin’ or ‘organic’. www.trace.eu.org
Vendar trenutno ni koherentnega sistema sledljivosti za živila, ki bi veljal za vso Evropo.
This leaflet introduces some of the important research the Union is funding in this critically important field.
TRACE je že štiri leta in pol trajajoč projekt, podprt s strani Evropske unije, katerega namen je zagotoviti popolno sledljivost vrste prehrambnih izdelkov – mesa, žitaric, olivnega olja, medu in mineralne vode – od izvora do trgovine in spet nazaj.
In 2002, Swedish scientists found disturbingly high levels of a carcinogen called acrylamide in certain cooked foods, including chips and crisps.
Leta 2002 so švedski znanstveniki v določenih kuhanih živilih, kot sta ocvrt krompirček in čips, našli zaskrbljujočo visoko stopnjo kancerogenov, imenovanih akrilamidi.
In response, the EU set up a database on research activities in the field, while the World Health Organisation established an international network of researchers.
Zato je Evropska unija vzpostavila bazo podatkov o aktivnostih na tem področju, medtem ko je Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija vzpostavila mednarodno mrežo raziskovalcev.
The Commission is contributing to this global effort with the three-year HEATOX project which brings together scientists from 14 countries.
Komisija je k tem svetovnim prizadevanjem dodala triletni projekt HEATOX, ki združuje znanstvenike iz 14-ih držav.
It aims to help fill the knowledge gap on acrylamide, and to find out about other substances that are formed during the cooking of starchy foods. www.slv.se/heatox
Njegov namen je izboljšati znanje o akrilamidih in ugotoviti druge snovi, ki nastajajo med kuhanjem živil, ki vsebujejo veliko škroba. www.slv.se/heatox
The science of healthy living – the EXGENESIS project
Veda o zdravem načinu življenja – projekt EXGENESIS
In Europe, as in other regions, wealth and prosperity have brought some unwanted consequences, including a sedentary lifestyle and easy access to greater quantities of food, often too rich in sugar and highly saturated fats.
V Evropi, prav tako pa tudi v drugih pokrajinah, sta bogastvo in blaginja prinesla nekatere neželene posledice, med katere spadata način življenja brez zadostnega gibanja in enostaven dostop do velikih količin hrane, ki pogosto vsebuje preveč sladkorja in maščob.
As a result, the EU is now facing a veritable obesity epidemic, and this means higher rates of Type 2 diabetes.
Kot posledico tega se EU sooča z resnično epidemijo debelosti, kar pomeni tudi več primerov diabetesa tipa 2.
With the exception of Type 1 diabetes, the majority of diabetes cases are preventable.
Z izjemo diabetesa tipa 1 se večina primerov diabetesa lahko prepreči.
Major advances in care coupled with healthy lifestyles can ensure a higher quality of life for people diagnosed early with diabetes.
Velik napredek v zdravstvu, skupaj z zdravim načinom življenja, pripomore k boljši kakovosti življenja oseb, pri katerih zgodaj diagnosticirajo diabetes.
To improve prevention and treatment and reduce escalating healthcare costs, some EU Member States have introduced national plans or guidelines aimed at stemming the tide of diabetes.
Da bi preprečile bolezen in izboljšale njeno zdravljenje ter zmanjšale naraščajoče stroške zdravstva, so nekatere države članice EU uvedle nacionalne načrte ali smernice, katerih namen je ustaviti širjenje diabetesa.
The European Union has a vital role to play in encouraging and facilitating the sharing of European best practices in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diabetes.
Evropska unija ima pomembno vlogo pri spodbujanju in pospeševanju izmenjav najboljših evropskih praks pri preprečevanju, diagnozi in zdravljenju diabetesa.
The EU-funded EXGENESIS project is working to provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the protective effects of exercise and a healthy diet.
S projektom EXGENESIS, ki ga financira EU, poskušajo bolje razumeti molekularne mehanizme, ki spadajo v sklop zaščitnih učinkov telovadbe in zdrave prehrane.
Recent scientific advances have highlighted the role of signalling pathways and changes in gene expression in muscle and other tissues through which the beneficial effects of exercise arise.
Nedavni znanstveni napredki so poudarili pomembnost signalnih poti in sprememb v genskem izražanju v mišicah in drugih tkivih, ki povečujejo blagodejne učinke telovadbe.
The aim of EXGENESIS is to establish a major European consortium that can capitalise on these advances, converting them into new measures for prevention and treatment of Type 2 diabetes.
Naloga projekta EXGENESIS je ustanovitev velikega evropskega konzorcija, ki bi si s temi napredki lahko pridobil ugodnosti in jih uporabil kot nove ukrepe pri preprečevanju in zdravljenju diabetesa tipa 2.
Results could include innovative medecines, or more efficient approaches towards healthier lifestyles, especially with respect to diet and exercise.
Rezultati bi lahko vključevali inovativna zdravila ali pa bolj učinkovite pristope k zdravemu načinu življenja, še posebej kar se tiče prehrane in telovadbe.
The EU has been supporting diabetes research for several years through its Research Framework Programmes.
EU s svojimi raziskovalnimi okvirnimi programi že nekaj let podpira raziskave o diabetesu.
Under the Fifth Framework Programme, which ran from 1998 to 2002, it invested about €40 million in 19 projects in this field.
V okviru 5. okvirnega programa, ki je potekal od 1998 do 2002, je vložila okoli 40 milijonov evrov v 19 projektov na tem področju.
The Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) allocates €2.225 billion to health research, including diabetes, for which the Commission has already invested about €90 million in shared-cost research projects performed by research centres, universities and industry.
V 6. okvirnem programu (2002-2006) je na razpolago 2.225 milijarde evrov za zdravstvene raziskave, vključno z raziskavami o diabetesu. Komisija je že vložila okoli 90 milijonov evrov v projekte s skupno delitvijo stroškov, ki jih bodo izvajali raziskovalni centri, univerze in gospodarstvo.
The costs of unhealthy living
Cena nezdravega načina življenja
Be safe, not sorry
Zavarujte se, da vam ne bo žal
It is estimated that, in certain EU Member States, as many as 50% of cases of diabetes remain undiagnosed.
Posledice debelosti in nezdravih prehranjevalnih navad ogrožajo evropske zdravstvene sisteme.
Type 2 diabetes in particular may go unnoticed for years, as the early symptoms are typically mild and sporadic.
Točnih številk se ne da preveriti, predvsem zato, ker je debelost povezana z mnogimi zdravstvenimi težavami, toda cena človeškega življenja z vidika življenjske dobe in kakovosti življenja je jasna.
However, severe complications can result from unnoticed diabetes, including renal failure, and coronary heart disease.
Poleg diabetesa z debelostjo povezujejo tudi srčne bolezni in kapi, ocenjujejo pa tudi, da debelost v Evropi vsako leto povzroči 70 000 novih primerov raka.
If you think you may have some of the symptoms described in this leaflet, consult your doctor.
Mednarodna projektna skupina za debelost ocenjuje, da se je debelost v zadnjih desetih letih v večini evropskih držav povečala za 10-40 %.
The effects of obesity and unhealthy eating habits are threatening to overwhelm European healthcare systems.
Ocenjujejo, da v nekaterih državah članicah EU tudi do 50 % primerov diabetesa ni diagnosticiranih.
Exact figures are difficult to ascertain, precisely because obesity is linked to so many health problems, but the human cost, in terms of overall life expectancy and quality of life, is clear.
Zlasti ugotavljanje diabetesa tipa 2 lahko traja dolga leta, saj so zgodnji simptomi običajno mili in le občasni.
In addition to diabetes, obesity is linked to illnesses such as heart disease and stroke and is estimated to cause 70 000 new cancer cases in Europe every year.
Toda zaradi neugotovljenega diabetesa lahko nastanejo hude posledice, kot so odpoved mrežnice in koronarne bolezni srca.
According to the International Obesity Task Force, the prevalence of obesity has increased by 10-40% in the majority of European countries in the past ten years.
Če menite, da imate katerega od simptomov, opisanega v tem prospektu, se posvetujte s svojim zdravnikom.
This publication was produced by: European Commission Directorate-General for Research E-mail: research@cec.eu.intwww.europa.eu.int/comm/research
Za nadaljnje informacije se prosim obrnite na: Evropska Komisija Generalni direktorat za raziskave www.europa.eu.int/comm/research em so o star
Children at risk
Ogroženi otroci
Finding a cure for Type 1 diabetes
Iskanje zdravila za diabetes tipa 1
‘Type 1’diabetes represents about 5-10% of all cases and is most commonly diagnosed in children and adolescents.
Diabetes ‘tipa 1’ predstavlja okoli 5-10 % vseh primerov bolezni in je večinoma diagnosticiran pri otrocih in mladostnikih.
Unlike Type 2 diabetes, which is usually weight-related, Type 1 occurs when the body’s own immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
Za razliko od diabetesa tipa 2, ki je ponavadi povezan s prekomerno telesno težo, se tip 1 pojavi, kadar imunski sistem telesa napade in v trebušni slinavki uniči celice, ki proizvajajo insulin.
Currently, Type 1 sufferers must receive daily insulin injections and must carefully monitor their diet and lifestyle to avoid long-term complications.
Trenutno morajo bolniki, ki trpijo za diabetesom tipa 1, vsakodnevno prejemati injekcijo insulina in nadzorovati svojo prehrano ter način življenja, da bi se izognili dolgoročnim zapletom.
The ancient Greeks coined the term ‘diabetes’, combining their words for ‘siphon’ and ‘sweet’.
Stari Grki so skovali izraz ‘diabetes’ iz grških besed, ki sta pomenili ‘sifon’ in ‘sladek’.
‘Mellitus’ means ‘honey’ in Latin.
‘Mellitus’ v latinščini pomeni ‘med’.
The use of these terms is based on the observation that diabetics produce excessive amounts of urine that is high in glucose and attracts bees and flies.
Uporaba teh terminov je osnovana na opazovanjih, da diabetiki izločajo prekomerne količine urina, ki vsebuje visoko stopnjo glukoze, kar privablja čebele in muhe.
The EU has seen an acute rise in the number of overweight and obese people, as the high-fat, high-sugar, high-salt and low-exercise lifestyle becomes more widespread.
EU je priča velikemu porastu števila oseb s prekomerno telesno težo in debelostjo, saj vedno bolj prevladujeta način življenja s premalo gibanja ter prehrana, ki vsebuje veliko maščob, sladkorja in soli.
Children are especially at risk.
Še posebej ogrožena skupina so otroci.
Studies have shown that one in five EU children are now overweight.
Raziskave kažejo, da ima eden od petih otrok v EU prekomerno telesno težo.
Today, there are 14 million overweight and 3 million obese children in the EU, while another 400 000 become overweight each year.
Danes v EU živi 14 milijonov otrok s prekomerno telesno težo in tri milijone otrok, ki trpijo za debelostjo.
Several lines of research are now being pursued to gain a greater understanding of the origins and pathology of Type 1 diabetes and to elucidate its causal cellular and molecular mechanisms.
Vsako leto se število otrok s prekomerno telesno težo poveča za 400.000.
The TONECA Coordination Action brings together 28 leading European centres of expertise in the field of clinical and experimental Type 1 diabetes research, gathering the best available technical skills, innovative approaches and comprehensive research strategies.
Koordinacijska aktivnost TONECA združuje 28 vodilnih evropskih strokovnih centrov na področju kliničnih in eksperimentalnih raziskav o diabetesu tipa 1, prav tako pa združuje tudi najboljša možna tehnična znanja, inovativne pristope in obsežne raziskovalne strategije.
There is a clear relationship between the rapid increases in obesity and ‘Type 2’ diabetes.
Obstaja jasna povezava med hitrim porastom debelosti in diabetesom ‘tipa 2’.
This form is characterised by insulin resistance, wherein body cells do not respond appropriately when insulin is present. About 90-95% of diabetics suffer from Type 2.
Za diabetes tipa 2 je značilna odpornost na insulin, saj se telesne celice ob prisotnosti insulina ne odzivajo pravilno.
The more a person weighs the greater their risk of developing Type 2 diabetes.
Okoli 90-95 % diabetikov trpi za diabetesom tipa 2.
Specific research topics include:
Utiranje poti naprej
Today, diabetes mellitus, as it is known medically, represents a growing threat to human health and well-being around the world.
Danes diabetes mellitus, medicinski izraz za sladkorno bolezen, predstavlja rastočo nevarnost za zdravje in blaginjo ljudi po vsem svetu.
Characterised by abnormal blood sugar levels, diabetes affects an estimated 150 to 200 million people.
Zanj so značilne nenavadno visoke stopnje sladkorja v krvi in ocenjujejo, da je prizadetih okoli 150 do 200 milijonov ljudi.
In the EU-25 alone, some 19 million patients have been diagnosed, while a large number are believed to remain undiagnosed.
V sami EU-25 je bilo diagnosticiranih okoli 19 milijonov bolnikov, medtem ko veliko število primerov še vedno ni ugotovljenih.
Many people have diabetes for years and simply do not realise it until the symptoms are recognised.
Veliko ljudi ima diabetes mnogo let, a se tega ne zavedajo, dokler simptomi ne postanejo vidni.
Combating obesity and Type 2 diabetes
Čim večja je telesna teža osebe, tem večja je nevarnost, da se bo razvil diabetes tipa 2.
• Impact of environmental factors upon the genetically based regulation and progression of Type 1 diabetes;
• vpliv okoljskih dejavnikov na genetsko zasnovan nadzor in širjenje diabetesa tipa 1;
• Use of established and new animal models to unravel molecular mechanisms; and
Raziskave v akciji: Boj proti debelosti in diabetesu tipa 2
Once a person becomes chronically overweight, their brain interprets reduced food intake as a threat to survival, reducing metabolic rate, diverting energy to the maintenance of body composition and, thus, defending existing energy stores at a‘set point’.
• uporabo že vzpostavljenih in novih živalskih modelov za pojasnitev molekularnih mehanizmov in
• Role of the cellular immune system in the pathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes.
• vlogo celičnega imunskega sistema v patogenezi diabetesa tipa 1.
The most prevalent forms of diabetes are caused by decreased production of or sensitivity to insulin, a pancreatic hormone that allows the body to absorb sugar.
Najbolj razširjene oblike diabetesa povzroča zmanjšano izločanje insulina ali občutljivost na insulin, pankreatični hormon, ki telesu omogoča absorpcijo sladkorja.
With deficient insulin function, sugar accumulates in the blood, leading to vascular damage.
Z nezadostnim delovanjem insulina, se sladkor kopiči v krvi, to pa lahko pripelje do poškodb ožilja.
Symptoms include dehydration, fatigue and nausea, while long-term complications include heart disease, kidney failure, retinal damage and blindness, nerve damage and risk of amputation.
Simptomi vključujejo dehidracijo, utrujenost in slabost, medtem ko dolgoročni zapleti vključujejo bolezni srca, odpoved ledvic, poškodbe mrežnice in slepoto, poškodbe živčevja in nevarnost amputacij.
TONECA partners represent 11 EU countries and believe the project can make a difference, perhaps making it possible, one day, to detect the underlying causes of Type 1 diabetes mellitus and to identify new targets for prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
Ko pri osebi debelost postane kronična, možgani začnejo dojemati zmanjšan vnos hrane kot nevarnost za preživetje, upočasnijo prebavo, preusmerijo energijo k ohranjanju sestave telesa in tako branijo obstoječe zaloge energije na‘točki ravnovesja’.
The main goal of the EU-funded DIABESITY research project is to identify and validate new targets for obesity treatment and prevention to regulate this set point. In particular; through studies of human genetics in obese individuals, researchers are seeking to identify novel gene linkages with obesity and body composition (see www.eurodiabesity.org).
Partnerji koordinacijske aktivnosti TONECA zastopajo enajst držav EU in verjamejo, da lahko s projektom dosežejo spremembe in mogoče celo nekega dne odkrijejo temeljne vzroke diabetesa tipa 1 ter najdejo nove cilje za preprečevanje, diagnozo in zdravljenje te bolezni.
On March 15, 2005, the Commission launched the‘Platform on Diet, Physical Activity and Health’ (see www.europa.eu.int/comm/health/ph_determinants/life_style/nutrition/platform/platform_en.htm).
Zlasti z raziskavami človeške genetike pri debelih posameznikih poskušajo raziskovalci najti nove genetske povezave med debelostjo in sestavo telesa. (glej www.eurodiabesity.org).
Patient understanding and participation is vital in the treatment of diabetes, as blood glucose levels change and must be monitored throughout the day.
Pri zdravljenju diabetesa je bistveno bolnikovo razumevanje in sodelovanje, saj se stopnje glukoze v krvi spreminjajo in jih je potrebno nadzorovati tekom celega dne.
A healthy lifestyle is crucial, including a proper diet and exercise.
Zdrav način življenja je ključnega pomena, vključno s primerno prehrano in gibanjem.
The European Commission is working to reduce fragmentation in EU research and to promote scientific excellence.
Evropska Komisija se trudi zmanjšati razdrobljenost EU raziskav in spodbujati znanstveno odličnost.
This leaflet highlights a few examples of European projects aimed at helping in the fight against diabetes.
Ta prospekt osvetljuje nekaj primerov evropskih projektov, katerih namen je boj proti diabetesu.
Governments across Europe have declared obesity to be one of Europe’s most pressing public health challenges, particularly for children.
Vlade po vsej Evropi so razglasile, da je debelost ena od najbolj zahtevnih izzivov javnemu zdravstvu v Evropi, predvsem za otroke.
Chronically overweight individuals face a number of serious health – and even social – consequences, and their quality of life can be seriously hampered.
Posamezniki s kronično prekomerno težo se soočajo s številnimi zdravstvenimi – in celo socialnimi – posledicami in kakovost njihovega življenja je lahko resno ogrožena.
Since obesity is a major public health issue facing the European Union, the EU has provided €59 million in funding to nine obesity-related research projects since 1998.
Ker je debelost velik problem za javno zdravstvo v Evropski uniji, je EU od leta 1998 namenila 59 milijonov evrov za financiranje devetih raziskovalnih projektov o debelosti.
Europe’s scientific community has been working hard to find answers.
Evropska znanstvena skupnost se močno trudi pri iskanju odgovorov.
This effort is set to continue under the forthcoming Seventh Framework Programme (2007-2013) which will provide further scientific data to advance our understanding of the interaction between food, nutrition and health.
Ta trud se bo nadaljeval tudi v okviru prihajajočega Sedmega okvirnega programa (2007-2013), s katerim bomo pridobili nadaljnje znanstvene podatke za poglobitev našega razumevanja interakcije med hrano, načinom prehrane in zdravjem.
New knowledge of this kind is a vital ingredient in our efforts to make our diets healthier and combat obesity.
Novo znanje na tem področju je ključna sestavina pri naših prizadevanjih, da bi naredili našo prehrano bolj zdravo in v boju proti debelosti.
Obesity is not a disease, but it increases the risk, as a person’s weight climbs, of developing many serious illnesses, including heart disease, hypertension, stroke, respiratory disease, arthritis and certain types of cancer.
Debelost ni bolezen, vendar se s povečanjem telesne teže osebe poveča tudi tveganje za nastanek številnih resnih bolezni, vključno z boleznimi srca, povečanim krvnim pritiskom, kapjo, boleznimi dihal, vnetjem sklepov in določenimi vrstami raka.
Europe’s obesity epidemic has already been blamed for a rise in the number of people who develop type 2 diabetes.
V Evropi epidemijo debelosti že krivijo za povečanje števila ljudi s sladkorno boleznijo tipa 2.
Platform for change
Podlaga za spremembe
In several European countries, the cost of obesity has already reached 5% of public health expenditure.
V kar nekaterih evropskih državah je strošek debelosti že presegel 5 % porabe v javnem zdravstvu.
The five-year LIPGENE project is helping to reduce its economic and social burden by assessing the potential for diet-based prevention of metabolic syndrome.
Petletni projekt LIPGENE pomaga z ocenjevanjem možnosti prehrambno zasnovane preventive pred metaboličnim sindromom zmanjšati njeno ekonomsko in socialno breme.
Focusing on the adult population, this project seeks to build an understanding of how differences in the composition of dietary fat interact with natural human genetic variation.
S poudarkom na odrasli populaciji, projekt poskuša odkriti, kako razlike v sestavi prehrambnih maščob medsebojno vplivajo na človeške naravne genetske variacije.
It also aims to develop new plant-based oils that can reduce the risk of developing metabolic syndrome.
Prav tako se trudi razviti nova rastlinska olja, ki lahko zmanjšajo nevarnost nastanka metaboličnega sindroma.
The project brings together a multidisciplinary network of scientists from 25 European laboratories specialised in different disciplines. www.lipgene.tcd.ie
Projekt združuje multidisciplinarno mrežo znanstvenikov iz 25 evropskih laboratorijev, specializiranih v različnih disciplinah. www.lipgene.tcd.ie
This rapidly expanding crisis has caused alarm among experts and politicians.
To hitro širjenje krize je povzročilo preplah med strokovnjaki in politiki.
The EU has an important role to play in dealing with this challenge through its food safety, public health, education, internal market, research and agricultural policies.
EU ima s svojo politiko v zvezi z varnostjo živil, javnim zdravstvom, izobraževanjem, notranjim trgom, raziskavami in kmetijstvom pomembno vlogo pri obravnavanju tega izziva.
Preparing teens for healthy adulthood
Priprava najstnikov na zdravo obdobje odraslosti
More information
Druge predlagane povezave
In order to face up to this Union-wide issue, the European Commission launched the European Platform for Action on Diet and Physical Activity .
• Cordis Znanosti o življenju, genomika in biotehnologija za zdravje:www.cordis.lu/lifescihealth