natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
That consumer may be a private individual trying to make a purchase for his or her own use or it may be a small or medium sized business sourcing materials or parts.
Ta potrošnik je lahko posameznik, ki želi nakup opraviti za lastno uporabo, ali pa malo ali srednje veliko podjetje, ki potrebuje material ali dele.
The difficulties encountered are not linked to technical characteristics of the product but to more general issues such as delivery restrictions or charges, after sales service, tax differentials, charges related to means of payment and so on.
Težave, s katerimi se srečujejo, niso povezane s tehničnimi značilnostmi proizvoda, temveč z bolj splošnimi vprašanji, kot so dobavne omejitve ali dajatve, poprodajne storitve, razlike v obdavčevanju, dajatve, vezane na način plačila, in tako naprej.
© European Communities, 2007 – Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.
© Evropske skupnosti, 2007 – Reprodukcija je dovoljena z navedbo vira.
A responsible Single Market
Odgovoren enotni trg
Promoting a single market in which goods can move freely is not about abolishing obstacles in national rules at all costs.
Pri spodbujanju enotnega trga, na katerem poteka prosti pretok blaga, ne gre za odpravljanje ovir v nacionalnih predpisih za vsako ceno.
The Community manages the single market so that any legitimate concerns of the Member States about certain types of product are taken fully into account.
Skupnost upravlja enotni trg tako, da v celoti upošteva kakršne koli pravno utemeljene pomisleke držav članic glede določenih vrst proizvodov.
These concerns relate to general public interests, for example public health and safety, the environment and consumer protection.
Ti pomisleki se nanašajo na splošne javne interese, na primer na javno zdravje in varnost, okolje ter varstvo potrošnikov.
Whether in the context of preparing new Community legislation or examining national measures adopted by the Member States, in a responsible single market such concerns are treated with respect and accorded the consideration they deserve.
Pri pripravi nove zakonodaje Skupnosti ali pa preverjanju nacionalnih ukrepov, ki so jih sprejele države članice, se na odgovornem enotnem trgu taki pomisleki obravnavajo s spoštovanjem in na način, ki si ga zaslužijo.
It is a matter of finding the right balance between the primary objective – securing the free movement of goods in order to maximise the benefits already described – and these other, competing interests and objectives.
Gre za iskanje pravega ravnotežja med osnovnim ciljem – zagotavljanjem prostega pretoka blaga, da bi tako čim bolj povečali opisane koristi – ter drugimi, konkurenčnimi interesi in cilji.
Social and cultural attitudes may motivate Member States to introduce national measures, or take positions when adopting EU legislation, that have an adverse effect on the free movement of goods.
Družbeni in kulturni odnosi lahko spodbudijo države članice k uvedbi nacionalnih ukrepov ali zavzemanju stališč pri sprejemanju tiste zakonodaje EU, ki škodljivo vpliva na prosti pretok blaga.
Many Member States have taken direct action at national level, or argued fiercely at Community level, to restrict the free movement of weapons, drugs, alcoholic beverages, gambling machines and pornographic material.
Številne države članice so sprejele neposredne ukrepe na nacionalni ravni ali pa so se na ravni Skupnosti zavzemale za omejitev prostega pretoka orožja, drog, alkoholnih pijač, avtomatov za igre na srečo in pornografskega gradiva.
As industrial, developed countries, all Member States also seek to safeguard public health, safety at work and on the roads, the environment and so on.
Vse države članice se kot industrijske, razvite države zavzemajo za varovanje javnega zdravja, varnosti pri delu in na cestah, varstvo okolja in tako naprej.
In evaluating the reasons for restrictive behaviour by Member States the principle of the free movement of goods cannot be allowed to ride roughshod over their particular sensitivities and credos.
Ko se ocenjujejo razlogi za omejevalno ravnanje držav članic, načelo prostega pretoka blaga ne sme prevladati nad posebno občutljivimi vprašanji in prepričanji.
Rather, a careful assessment is made of the necessity of the action taken or proposed by the Member State and of the proportionality of that action to the problem it is intended to address.
Namesto tega je treba previdno oceniti nujnost ukrepa, ki ga sprejme ali predlaga država članica, in razmerje tega ukrepa do težave, ki naj bi jo obravnaval.
A measured and reasonable response by a Member State to a real problem will not run contrary to Community rules promoting the free movement of goods.
Pretehtan in razumen odziv države članice na resničen problem ne bo v nasprotju s predpisi Skupnosti, ki spodbujajo prosti pretok blaga.
However, measures purportedly taken to protect public health, for example, but which are in truth aimed at promoting the interests of a national monopoly will be struck down.
Vendar pa bodo na primer ukrepi, domnevno sprejeti za varovanje javnega zdravja, ki pa so v resnici namenjeni spodbujanju interesov nacionalnega monopola, razglašeni za nične.
be taken to protect against potential danger to humans, animals, plants or the environment where early scientific analysis suggests there may be a risk.
Zakonodaja Skupnosti priznava načelo previdnosti, v skladu s katerim se lahko sprejmejo ukrepi za zaščito pred morebitno nevarnostjo za ljudi, živali, rastline ali okolje, v katerem predhodna znanstvena analiza ugotovi možnost tveganja.
The Commission may be guided by the precautionary principle in preparing proposals for legislation and Member States may invoke the principle in support of national measures taken.
Načelo previdnosti lahko Komisijo vodi pri pripravi zakonodajnih predlogov, države članice pa se lahko nanj sklicujejo pri podpori sprejetih nacionalnih ukrepov.
As always, the problem is how to strike the right balance between the needs to protect vital public interests and to deter unjustified recourse to the precautionary principle especially where it may conceal protectionist motives.
Kot vedno je težava v tem, kako najti pravo ravnovesje med potrebo po varovanju osnovnih javnih interesov in potrebo po preprečevanju neupravičene uporabe načela previdnosti, zlasti kadar bi to prikrilo protekcionistične nagibe.
But in cases involving the precautionary principle, this balancing act is complicated by the fact that scientific evaluation does not lead to the level of risk being accurately determined.
Vendar pa se lahko v primerih, ki vključujejo načelo previdnosti, to iskanje ravnotežja zaplete, ker znanstveno ocenjevanje samo po sebi še ne pomeni, da je raven tveganja pravilno določena.
The same public interests and social considerations that influence how freely goods may circulate within the EU also determine the extent to which goods produced in third countries may cross the external borders of the EU and enter into such ‘free circulation’.
Isti javni interesi in družbeni dejavniki, ki vplivajo na to, kako prosto lahko blago kroži po EU, določajo tudi, do katere mere lahko blago, proizvedeno v tretjih državah, prečka zunanje meje EU in vstopa v tako „prosto kroženje“.
In addition, there are measures preventing the ‘dumping’ of goods and the importation of subsidised goods that could have a detrimental effect on European business and jeopardise jobs and growth.
Poleg tega obstajajo ukrepi, ki preprečujejo „damping“ blaga in uvoz subvencioniranega blaga, ki lahko slabo vplivata na evropsko gospodarstvo ter ogrožata delovna mesta in rast.
The EU also makes a big effort to ‘export’ its social values and standards in relation to the production of goods, both to help create a ‘level playing field’ for European business in the international marketplace and to ensure high standards of safety and quality of foreign goods likely to appear in the single market.
EU si poleg tega zelo prizadeva za „izvoz“ svojih družbenih vrednot in standardov v zvezi s proizvodnjo blaga z namenom ustvarjanja „enakih konkurenčnih pogojev“ za evropska podjetja na mednarodnem trgu ter zagotavljanja visokih standardov varnosti in kakovosti tujega blaga, ki bi se utegnilo pojaviti na enotnem trgu.
How the Single Market upholds European values (1)
Kako enotni trg podpira evropske vrednote (1)
Articles 28 to 30 EC and ‘mutual recognition’
Členi 28 do 30 ES in„vzajemno priznavanje“
Only 16 words long but article 28 of the EC Treaty, as interpreted by the European Court of Justice, has remarkable scope.
Čeprav ima člen 28 Pogodbe ES le 16 besed, je, kot ga razlaga Sodišče Evropskih skupnosti, izjemno pomemben.
Even national rules that treat domestic and imported goods the same fall foul of article 28 if they restrict the free movement of goods within the Community.
Celo nacionalni predpisi, ki enako obravnavajo domače in uvoženo blago, so v nasprotju s členom 28, če omejujejo prosti pretok blaga znotraj Skupnosti.
The notion of ‘mutual recognition’, developed by the Court, means that a Member State should not deny access to its market by a product that has been lawfully produced or marketed in another Member State.
Pojem„vzajemnega priznavanja“, ki ga je razvilo Sodišče, pomeni, da država članica proizvodu, ki je bil zakonito izdelan in dan v promet v drugi državi članici, ne sme preprečiti dostopa do svojega trga.
But of course a Member State may have good reason for imposing restrictions even on such a product.
Vendar pa ima lahko država članica seveda dober razlog, da celo za takšen proizvod uvede omejitve.
This is acknowledged by article 30 EC which lists a number of grounds on which measures that would otherwise contravene article 28 may be justified.
To potrjuje člen 30 ES, ki našteva številne razloge, na podlagi katerih se lahko upravičijo ukrepi, ki bi bili sicer v nasprotju s členom 28.
These include public morality, public policy, public security and the protection of health and life of humans, animals or plants.
Ti vključujejo javno moralo, javni red, javno varnost ter varovanje zdravja in življenja ljudi, živali ali rastlin.
The Court has also identified a series of additional overriding requirements in the general public interests that may outweigh the competing interest in securing the free movement of goods.
Sodišče je obenem opredelilo vrsto dodatnih prevladujočih zahtev v splošnem javnem interesu, ki bi lahko prevladale nad konkurenčnim interesom in zagotavljanjem prostega pretoka blaga.
Examples are the protection of the environment and of the consumer.
Primera za to sta varstvo okolja in potrošnikov.
A Member State wishing to rely on one of these reasons for introducing or maintaining measures that impede the free movement of goods bears the burden of proving that its measures are in fact necessary and that they are proportionate; in other words not more restrictive than they need to be to achieve their aim.
Država članica, ki se želi pri sprejemanju ali ohranjanju ukrepov, ki ovirajo prosti pretok blaga, sklicevati na enega od teh razlogov, mora dokazati, da so njeni ukrepi dejansko potrebni in da so sorazmerni; z drugimi besedami, da so omejevalni le toliko, kolikor morajo biti, da bi dosegli svoj cilj.
Thus, the principle of mutual recognition gives the importing Member State three choices.
V skladu z načelom vzajemnega priznavanja ima zato država članica uvoznica tri možnosti.
It can – justify its rules on the basis of the public interest considerations concerned; exempt imported goods, except those that (it can show) do not afford the same level of protection of the public interest concerned as the national law aims to provide; or exempt imported goods completely from the scope of its measures (leaving only domestic goods bound by the restriction).
Lahko: upravičuje svoje predpise na podlagi zadevnih dejavnikov javnega interesa; izvzame uvoženo blago razen tistega, ki (dokazano) ne zagotavlja enake ravni varstva zadevnega javnega interesa, kot naj bi ga zagotavljala nacionalna zakonodaja; ali uvoženo blago popolnoma izvzame iz področja uporabe svojih ukrepov (in pusti le domače blago, vezano na omejitev).
But mutual recognition can be useful even when it doesn’t work!
Vzajemno priznavanje je lahko uporabno tudi takrat, ko ne deluje.
It can highlight categories of product which are causing concern in Member States and which perhaps need to be more strictly regulated, at EU level.
Lahko izpostavi tiste vrste proizvodov, ki povzročajo težave v državah članicah in ki bi morale biti morda strožje urejene s predpisi na ravni EU.
This brings us to the other means at our disposal for regulating the single market, beyond the bare Treaty provisions of articles 28 to 30.
To nas pripelje do drugih načinov, ki so poleg samih določb členov 28 do 30 Pogodbe še na voljo za urejanje enotnega trga.
© European Communities, 2007 - Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.
© Evropske skupnosti, 2007 – Reprodukcija je dovoljena z navedbo vira.
How the Single Market upholds European values (2)
Kako enotni trg podpira evropske vrednote (2)
EU rules ‘harmonising’ products
Predpisi EU o„usklajevanju“ proizvodov
Free movement problems often derive from different technical specifications required of products by the Member States.
Težave s prostim pretokom so pogosto posledica različnih tehničnih specikacij, ki jih države članice zahtevajo za proizvode.
Thus, one way the EU can promote free movement is to legislate to oblige all products of a certain type produced in the EU to have the same technical specification.
Eden od načinov, kako lahko EU spodbuja prosti pretok, je sprejetje zakona, na podlagi katerega morajo imeti vsi proizvodi določene vrste, izdelani v EU, enake tehnične specikacije.
This is a detailed form of ‘harmonising’ legislation and it is used extensively in the automotive sector where it means that a car manufacturer can sell its cars in all Member States having met only one set of rules and applied for authorization in only one Member State.
To je podroben način„usklajevanja“ zakonodaje, ki se množično uporablja v avtomobilski panogi in pomeni, da proizvajalec avtomobilov lahko prodaja svoje avtomobile v vseh državah članicah, če izpolnjuje zahteve ene same zbirke predpisov in zaprosi za dovoljenje v samo eni državi članici.
Another type of harmonising rule does not enter into such detail but instead identifies certain essential features to be required of the product, for example, safety, fitness for purpose and so on.
Drugi način usklajevanja ne zadeva takih podrobnosti, temveč opredeljuje nekatere osnovne značilnosti, ki naj bi jih proizvod imel, na primer varnost, ustreznost za uporabo in tako naprej.
Products may be designed and made in very different ways provided they satisfy these essential requirements.
Proizvodi so lahko oblikovani in izdelani na zelo različne načine, če izpolnjujejo te osnovne zahteve.
European standards, which may be applied on a voluntary basis, are drawn up by the European Standardisation Organisations CEN, CENELEC and ETSI to complement this type of legislation; products manufactured to a given standard are presumed to satisfy the essential requirements.
Evropske standarde, ki dopolnjujejo to vrsto zakonodaje in se lahko uporabljajo prostovoljno, pripravljajo evropske organizacije za standardizacijo CEN, CENELEC in ETSI, proizvodi, izdelani na podlagi danega standarda, pa naj bi ustrezali osnovnim zahtevam.
Once harmonising measures have been adopted, the EC Treaty allows a Member State to maintain existing national provisions if it can explain why they are considered necessary on the grounds referred to in article 30, described above, or for the protection of environment or the working environment.
Po sprejetju usklajevalnih ukrepov lahko država članica v skladu s Pogodbo ES ohrani obstoječe nacionalne določbe, če lahko pojasni, zakaj se štejejo kot potrebne zaradi razlogov iz člena 30, opisanih zgoraj, ali varstva okolja ali delovnega okolja.
A Member State that encounters a specific problem may also introduce new national provisions relating to the protection of the environment or the working environment.
Država članica, ki ima specičen problem, prav tako lahko uvede nove nacionalne določbe, ki se nanašajo na varstvo okolja ali delovnega okolja.
Often the harmonising directives themselves contain similar provisions known as safeguard clauses.
Same usklajevalne direktive pogosto vsebujejo podobne določbe, znane kot zaščitne klavzule.
Both forms of harmonisation often required products to be ‘CE marked’.
Oba načina usklajevanja pogosto zahtevata, da so proizvodi označeni z znakom CE.
This mark is a declaration by the manufacturer that the product satisfies the national legislation implementing the relevant European directives.
Ta znak je označba proizvajalca, da je proizvod v skladu z nacionalno zakonodajo, ki izvaja ustrezne evropske direktive.
It enables companies to gain access to the European marketplace to sell their products without modification or retesting.
Podjetjem omogoča, da pridobijo dostop do evropskega trga in prodajajo svoje proizvode brez sprememb ali ponovnega preizkušanja.
Other ways that the EU facilitates free movement
Drugi ukrepi, s katerimi EU omogoča prosti pretok
Sometimes, rather than legislate about the nature of the product itself, the EU regulates the conditions under which a product may circulate within the EU, an example being the directive on arms which introduces the requirement to have a ‘firearms pass’.
Včasih EU namesto sprejetja predpisov o sami naravi proizvoda predpiše pogoje, pod katerimi proizvod lahko kroži znotraj EU. Primer je direktiva o orožju, ki uvaja zahtevo po „orožni prepustnici“.
Here, the counterbalance to any increased risk to health and safety or the environment is provided by market surveillance.
jamči, da bodo s trga umaknjeni proizvodi, ki so nevarni ali neskladni z zahtevami EU, s poreklom v EU ali tretjih državah.
The EU makes use of agencies, located in different Member States, to provide assistance in managing the single market.
EU za pomoč pri upravljanju enotnega trga uporablja agencije v različnih državah članicah.
For example, the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products in London, provides technical advice to help the European Commission authorise safe and effective drugs for human and veterinary use.
Tako na primer Evropska agencija za zdravila v Londonu zagotavlja tehnično svetovanje, s katerim Evropski komisiji pomaga pri odobritvah varnih in učinkovitih zdravil za humano in veterinarsko uporabo.
Regulating external trade
Urejanje zunanje trgovine
Customs duties on goods traded within the EU were abolished long ago.
Carinske dajatve za blago, s katerim se trguje znotraj EU, so bile že zdavnaj odpravljene.
External trade is governed by the EU’s common commercial policy under which the EU adopts measures to change tariffs, develop export policy and generally protect trade.
Zunanjo trgovino ureja skupna trgovinska politika EU, v okviru katere EU sprejema ukrepe o tarifnih spremembah, razvoju izvozne politike in splošni zaščiti trgovine.
Goods imported from outside the EU are subject to a Common Customs Tariff and uniform customs rules.
Za blago, uvoženo iz držav zunaj EU, veljajo skupna carinska tarifa in enotni carinski predpisi.
This is designed to avoid inequalities in trade, both by preventing any unfair advantage being conferred on businesses in any one Member State and by protecting EU producers from the damaging effects of ‘dumped’ products (imported at a price below their normal value) and subsidised products (exported at an artificially low price due to subsidies in the country of origin).
Namen tega je izogniti se neenakostim v trgovini, tako da se prepreči kakršno koli neupravičeno dajanje prednosti podjetjem v kateri koli državi članici in zaščitijo proizvajalci v EU pred škodljivimi učinki„dampinških“ proizvodov (uvoženih po ceni, nižji od njihove običajne vrednosti) in subvencioniranih proizvodov (izvoženih po umetno nizki ceni zaradi subvencij v državi porekla).
The common commercial policy is pursued in accordance with the international trade rules established by the World Trade Association.
Skupna trgovinska politika se uveljavlja v skladu z mednarodnimi trgovinskimi predpisi, ki jih je določila Svetovna trgovinska organizacija.
Managing the external border of the EU requires a concerted effort on the part of the customs authorities of the Member States and the European Commission.
Upravljanje zunanje meje EU zahteva usklajeno sodelovanje med carinskimi organi v državah članicah in Evropsko komisijo.
The EU has been active in promoting ‘customs cooperation’ by means of information exchange, the preparation of handbooks and guides, IT improvements, personnel exchanges and so on.
EU je dejavna pri spodbujanju„carinskega sodelovanja“ z izmenjavo informacij, pripravo priročnikov in smernic, izboljšavami v informacijski tehnologiji, izmenjavo osebja in tako naprej.
One of the most striking examples of a standard that has now become integral to the daily life of millions of Europeans is that established by the private GSM consortium and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute in the field of mobile telephony.
Enega od najizrazitejših primerov standarda, ki je postal nepogrešljiv v vsakodnevnem življenju milijonov Evropejcev, sta v mobilni telefoniji uvedla zasebni konzorcij GSM in Evropski inštitut za telekomunikacijske standarde.
Another example is the standard developed by the Comité Européen de Normalisation for the contents of unleaded and diesel fuel, allowing motorists to cross Europe without fear of running dry, or damaging themselves or their engines).
Drug primer je standard, ki ga je Evropski odbor za standardizacijo razvil za vsebnost neosvinčenega in dizelskega goriva, s katerim motoristom omogoča, da Evropo prečkajo brez strahu, da bi jim zmanjkalo goriva in bi pri tem poškodovali sebe ali svoje motorje.
Keeping the Single Market open for business — problem solving
Enotni trg, ki je odprt za podjetja – reševanje težav
National rules not yet in force
Nacionalni predpisi še ne veljajo
Some problems can be dealt with even before they arise.
Nekatere težave je mogoče obravnavati, še preden se pojavijo.
Under Directive 98/34/EC, Member States are obliged to notify new national technical regulations to the Commission at the draft stage.
Na podlagi Direktive 98/34/ES morajo države članice Komisiji priglasiti nove nacionalne tehnične predpise še v fazi osnutka.
Notification is not required if the national regulations implement EU rules, make use of safeguard clauses in EU rules, give effect to a judgement of the European Court of Justice or transpose the full text of an international or European standard.
Priglasitev se ne zahteva, če nacionalni predpisi izvajajo predpise EU, upoštevajo zaščitne klavzule iz predpisov EU, izvajajo sodbe Sodišča Evropskih skupnosti ali prenesejo celotno besedilo mednarodnega ali evropskega standarda.
Failure to notify has serious consequences – it renders the technical regulations concerned inapplicable, so that they are unenforceable against individuals – national courts must decline to apply a non-notified technical regulation.
Odsotnost priglasitve ima resne posledice, saj se zadevni tehnični predpisi razveljavijo, tako da jih ni mogoče uveljavljati proti posameznikom, nacionalna sodišča pa morajo zavrniti uporabo nepriglašenega predpisa.
Once notified, a three month ‘standstill’ period begins – the Member State may not adopt the draft regulation.
Po priglasitvi se začne trimesečno obdobje „mirovanja“, pri čemer ni nujno, da država članica sprejme osnutek predpisa.
The Commission notifies the other Member States of its existence and examines its compatibility with articles 28 to 30 EC (see ‘How the Single Market upholds European values’).
Komisija uradno obvesti druge države članice o obstoju priglasitve in preuči njeno skladnost s členi 28 do 30 ES (glej „Kako enotni trg podpira evropski socialni model?“).
If the Commission or another Member State raises questions on the draft, the standstill period is extended to six months.
Če Komisija ali druga država članica sproži vprašanje o osnutku, se obdobje mirovanja podaljša na šest mesecev.