natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
e territorial dimension has been at the core of Cohesion Policy since its inception, through the system of eligibility, or the system of distribution of financial resources or the way in which programming has been organised.
Teritorialna razsežnost je že od vsega začetka bistvo kohezijske politike prek sistema upravičenosti, sistema razdeljevanja finančnih sredstev ali načina, na katerega je organizirano načrtovanje programov.
But many feel the need to improve the way public policies address territorial needs, even if at present there is no agreement about the way to do it.
Vendar pa številni menijo, da je treba izboljšati zadovoljevanje teritorialnih potreb z javnimi politikami, čeprav trenutno ni soglasja o tem, kako bi to storili.
In this context, the European Parliament, the informal ministerial meetings of ministers responsible for urban development and Territorial Cohesion in Leipzig in 2007, as well as many associations representing specific types of territories, have asked the Commission to present a paper on Territorial Cohesion. e Green Paper is our answer.
V zvezi s tem so Evropski parlament, ministri, pristojni za razvoj mest in teritorialno kohezijo, na neformalnem srečanju v Leipzigu leta 2007 in številna združenja, ki predstavljajo posebne vrste ozemelj, zaprosili Komisijo, naj pripravi knjigo o teritorialni koheziji. Zelena knjiga je naš odgovor.
By launching the debate, the Commission has the ambition to reach a common understanding of Territorial Cohesion, and common European solutions.
Cilj, za katerega si Komisija prizadeva s sprožitvijo razprave, je doseči skupno razumevanje teritorialne kohezije in enotne evropske rešitve.
I invite you to read this Panorama magazine and visit the Inforegio website dedicated to the Green Paper http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/consultation/terco/index_en.htm
Vabim vas, da si preberete to številko revije Panorama in obiščete spletno stran Inforegio, posvečeno zeleni knjigi http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/consultation/terco/index_sl.htm
Join the debate and get your views across!
Pridružite se razpravi in predstavite svoje mnenje!
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Turning territorial diversity into an asset - The Green Paper on Territorial Cohesion
Spreminjanje teritorialne raznolikosti v prednost – zelena knjiga o teritorialni koheziji
Density, distance and division: three factors the World Bank’s 2009 report identies as having a possible impact on the pace of economic and social development.
Gostota, oddaljenost in razdelitev: trije dejavniki, ki jih Svetovna banka v poročilu za leto 2009 opredeljuje kot dejavnike, ki bi lahko vplivali na hitrost gospodarskega in socialnega razvoja.
In its Green Paper on Territorial Cohesion, the Commission outlines three possible fronts upon which to tackle these challenges; considers regions with particular geographic characteristics; discusses the notion of Territorial Cohesion in the programming of EU policies and opens the topic of cohesion up for debate.
Komisija v zeleni knjigi o teritorialni koheziji poudarja tri mogoča področja, na katerih se lahko spopademo s temi izzivi; obravnava regije s posebnimi geografskimi značilnostmi; razpravlja o pojmu teritorialne kohezije pri načrtovanju politik EU in odpira razpravo na temo kohezije.
In 2006, the Council adopted the Community Strategic Guidelines which stated, “promotion of Territorial Cohesion should be part of the effort to ensure that all of Europe’s territory has the opportunity to contribute to the growth and jobs agenda”.
Svet je leta 2006 sprejel strateške smernice Skupnosti, v katerih je navedeno, da mora biti „spodbujanje teritorialne kohezije del prizadevanja, da se zagotovi, da ima vsa Evropa priložnost prispevati k rasti in zaposlovanju“.
Strategic guidelines on rural development also highlight the contribution made by related programmes to Territorial Cohesion.
Tudi v strateških smernicah za razvoj podeželja je poudarjen prispevek povezanih programov k teritorialni koheziji.
e need to promote co-operation, dialogue and partnership between the different levels of government, organisations and the people implementing policy on the ground, is increasingly recognised.
Vedno bolj se priznava, da so potrebni sodelovanje, dialog in partnerstvo med različnimi ravnmi oblasti, organizacijami in ljudmi, ki udejanjajo politiko.
Given these issues and changes brought about by recent enlargement, the need to harmonise strengths to face the challenges of a global economy and the imperative to work towards more sustainable growth, the Commission has published this Green Paper and launched its consultation phase.
Komisija je ob upoštevanju teh vprašanj in sprememb, ki jih je prinesla nedavna širitev, potrebe po uskladitvi sil za spopad z izzivi globalnega gospodarstva in nujnega prizadevanja za bolj trajnostno rast objavila to zeleno knjigo in začela posvetovanje.
So what is really up for discussion?
O čem torej dejansko razpravljamo?
Concentration – Connection – Co-operation: answering the challenges
Koncentracija – povezovanje – sodelovanje: odgovor na izzive
Concentration e EU has an unusual settlement pattern with around 5 000 towns and almost 1 000 cities spread across Europe.
EU ima nenavaden vzorec poselitve s približno 5 000 mesti in skoraj 1 000 velemesti, razpršenimi po vsej Evropi.
Although the urban network is relatively dense, only 7% of the population live in cities of over five million as opposed to 25% in the US.
Čeprav je mestno omrežje sorazmerno gosto, živi v velemestih več kot pet milijonov prebivalcev, kar je samo 7 % prebivalstva, v primerjavi s 25 % v ZDA.
Economic benefits of concentration need to be encouraged, while still preserving the positive aspects of Europe’s towns and cities.
Treba je spodbujati gospodarske koristi koncentracije in hkrati ohraniti pozitivne vidike evropskih mest in velemest.
To benefit from the rise in productivity brought about by the concentration of economic activity, Europe needs to achieve critical mass through networking rather than huge cities creating the effect through sheer numbers.
Majhna in srednje velika mesta so pomembnejša, kot bi lahko sklepali glede na njihovo velikost, saj zagotavljajo infrastrukturo in storitve, ki so bistvene za preprečevanje upadanja števila prebivalstva na podeželju in priseljevanja v mesta.
At a global level, cities are smaller in the EU and this has an effect on productivity. e EU is characterised by less spatial concentration of economic activity than other developed areas of the world – reflecting a certain, European way of life that values sustainable development, the protection of natural resources and cultural traditions.
Kako lahko na ozemlju, za katero je značilno veliko majhnih in srednje velikih mest, dosežemo prednosti zgoščene gospodarske dejavnosti in se hkrati izognemo negativnim stranem, kot so onesnaženost, preobremenjenost, propadanje mestnih predelov in socialna izključenost?
All this means that although urban life is a widespread feature, it is not a concentrated one: city dwellers live close to rural areas and rural residents often live within easy reach of services.
Odgovor je spodbujanje sodelovanja, interakcije in povezovanja med mesti, velemesti in okoliškim podeželjem.
Small and medium-sized towns are more important than their size might suggest, providing infrastructure and services that are key to avoiding rural depopulation and urban drift.
Da bi Evropa izkoristila dvig produktivnosti, ki ga prinaša zgoščevanje gospodarske
Territorial Cohesion asks us how we can make the most of this unique and diverse settlement structure since European citizens should not be disadvantaged with regards to employment opportunities, housing conditions, access to public services and the like, simply by virtue of living in one region and not another.
Teritorialna kohezija nas sprašuje, kako čim bolje izkoristiti ta izjemni in raznoliki poselitveni vzorec, saj evropski državljani ne bi smeli biti prikrajšani pri zaposlitvenih možnostih, nastanitvenih razmerah, dostopu do javnih storitev itd. samo zato, ker živijo v neki regiji.
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Up for debate
Za razpravo
More balanced and sustainable development which strengthens competitiveness at the same time respecting natural assets, such as open countryside, is needed.
Potreben je skladnejši in bolj trajnosten razvoj, ki krepi konkurenčnost in hkrati spoštuje naravne vire, kot je odprto podeželje.
Such development should also ensure social cohesion. is implies avoiding excessive concentrations of growth while helping everyone reap the benefits of the facilities that come with town and city living – access to hospitals and schools for instance.
Tak razvoj naj bi zagotavljal tudi socialno kohezijo. To pomeni izogibanje prevelikim koncentracijam rasti in hkrati zagotavljanje pomoči vsem, da lahko izkoristijo prednosti življenja v mestih in velemestih – na primer dostop do bolnišnic in šol.
Advanced traffic management systems brings people together physically while better use of technology promotes the sharing of ideas.
Napredni sistemi za upravljanje prometa fizično zbližajo ljudi, boljša uporaba tehnologije pa spodbuja izmenjavo zamisli.
Connection
Povezovanje
However balanced the urbanisation that unfolds in the future, the individual conurbations, and the people living in them, need to be brought together.
Ne glede na to, kako uravnotežena bo urbanizacija v prihodnosti, je treba približati posamezna somestja in ljudi, ki živijo v njih.
Transport links jump immediately to mind, but interconnection also implies: good broadband Internet access; connection to reliable supplies of energy; links between research centres and business and ensuring that the special needs of disadvantaged groups are met.
Prva stvar, na katero pomislimo, so prometne povezave, vendar povezovanje vključuje tudi: dober širokopasovni dostop do interneta; povezavo do zanesljive oskrbe z energijo; vezi med raziskovalnimi središči in gospodarstvom ter zagotavljanje, da se izpolnjujejo posebne potrebe prikrajšanih skupin.
Issues which demand closer cooperation can be subtle – problems which seem to arise and affect just one region, can in fact be provoked outside that territory.
Vprašanja, pri katerih je potrebno tesnejše sodelovanje, so lahko kočljiva – težave, za katere se zdi, da se pojavijo in prizadenejo samo eno regijo, lahko dejansko izvirajo zunaj tega ozemlja.
Contaminated soil would seem to be a specifically localised problem, when it arises.
Onesnaženje tal se zdi značilno lokalna težava, ko se pojavi.
But pollutants buried in one country can cause seepage which affects another – underground, water tables can be degraded and where one country behaves irresponsibly it can be another which foots the bill.
Vendar lahko onesnaževala, zakopana v eni državi, povzročijo pronicanje, ki prizadene drugo državo – onesnažijo lahko podzemne vode, račune za neodgovorno obnašanje ene države pa mora tako poravnati druga.
Climate change and the subsequent floods, fires and droughts are more obvious challenges which will demand ever more effective crossborder co-operation.
Podnebne spremembe, ki jih spremljajo poplave, požari in suše, so očitni izzivi, zaradi katerih bo potrebno še učinkovitejše čezmejno sodelovanje.
fic management systems need to be put in place. e CO
, ki bi ga lahko dosegli s prevažanjem tovora po vodi –
2 reduction that could come from shifting freight by water is not being achieved – transport by sea and inland waterways remains under developed.
2 prevoz po morskih in kopenskih vodnih poteh še vedno ni dovolj razvit.
While environmental considerations challenge our previously held notions of borders, boundaries and independent regions, the nature of modern work flows also require closer partnerships between areas which may have previously considered themselves discrete, separate entities.
Tako kot okoljska problematika pomeni izziv za preteklo dojemanje meja, ločnic in neodvisnih regij, tudi sodobni tokovi dela zahtevajo tesno partnerstvo med območji, ki so se včasih dojemala kot nepovezane in ločene entitete.
Economic development, public transport, access to healthcare, higher education and training facilities – all span regional borders.
Gospodarski razvoj, javni prevoz ter dostop do zdravstvenega varstva, visokošolskega izobraževanja in usposabljanja – vse to presega regionalne meje.
Access to services of general interest such as health care or education is often a problem in rural areas.
Dostop do storitev splošnega pomena, kot sta zdravstvo ali izobraževanje, je na podeželju pogosto težaven.
In remote regions, on average over 40% of the population live more than a half an hour’s drive away from a hospital and 43% more than an hour away from a university. e potential of ICT to offer telemedicine and remote learning is not being exploited.
V oddaljenih regijah je povprečno več kot 40 % prebivalstva oddaljenega več kot pol ure vožnje od najbližje bolnišnice, več kot 43 % pa več kot uro od univerze. Možnosti informacijske in komunikacijske tehnologije pri zagotavljanju telemedicine in učenja na daljavo niso izkoriščene.
e added value of cooperation is widely recognised.
Dodana vrednost sodelovanja je splošno priznana.
After 14 years of programmes targeting the issue, the Commission hopes the Green Paper will draw attention to the benefits of taking territorial cooperation to a new level. is is already being seen in the nascent EU Baltic Sea Region Strategy – a testing ground for the rethinking of the nature of territorial cooperation which emphasises more coherent strategies, shared community objectives and robust implementation tools.
Po 14 letih programov, namenjenih temu vprašanju, Komisija upa, da bo zelena knjiga pozornost usmerila na koristi napredovanja teritorialnega sodelovanja na novo raven. To je že vidno pri razvijajoči se strategiji EU za baltsko regijo, pri kateri se preskuša nova opredelitev narave teritorialnega sodelovanja, pri kateri so poudarjene skladnejše strategije, skupni cilji skupnosti in učinkovita orodja izvajanja.
Metropolitan areas spanning local and regional borders, and border regions, within the EU-15 have benefited from many years of Cohesion Policy with positive impacts including improved accessibility, quality and efficiency of crossborder health care – important since there is a lack of clear rules on the issue of access.
Velemestna okolja, ki presegajo lokalne in regionalne meje, ter obmejne regije v EU-15 že vrsto let izkoriščajo kohezijsko politiko s pozitivnimi učinki, vključno z boljšo dostopnostjo, kakovostjo in učinkovitostjo čezmejnega zdravstvenega varstva, kar je pomembno, saj ni jasnih pravil glede dostopa.
But the ideals need to be put into practice and ways to help further the aims found. e European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation (EGTC) gives different administrations a legal framework to work together – but more can and should be done.
Vendar je treba ideale uresničiti v praksi in ugotoviti, kako lahko spodbudimo doseganje ciljev. Evropsko združenje za teritorialno sodelovanje (EZTS) zagotavlja različnim upravam pravni okvir za sodelovanje – vendar je na tem področju mogoče in treba doseči več.
e EU is surrounded by regions to the south and east which have still lower gross domestic product (GDP) per head than the external border areas of the Union – which already have the lowest rates of GDP in the EU.
EU je na jugu in vzhodu obkrožena z regijami, ki imajo še nižji bruto domači proizvod (BDP) na prebivalca od zunanjih obmejnih območij Unije – ki imajo že tako najnižjo stopnjo BDP v EU.
Some of these countries outside the EU also have growing populations, so the pressure for migration is great.
V nekaterih od teh držav zunaj EU se število prebivalstva povečuje, zato je migracijski pritisk velik.
There is a need to develop coherent policies for infrastructure and economic cooperation in the new Member States and the border regions of the old Iron Curtain.
Treba je oblikovati skladne politike za infrastrukturo in gospodarsko sodelovanje v novih državah članicah in obmejnih regijah stare železne zavese.
Work on improving the use of maritime spaces and the crossing of land-sea borders is also required.
Treba si je tudi prizadevati za izboljšanje uporabe morskih območij in prehajanja kopensko-morskih meja.
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Do regions with specific geographical features require special policy measures?
Ali regije s posebnimi geografskim značilnostmi potrebujejo posebne ukrepe politike?
A simpler, more effective and adaptable toolkit to facilitate cooperation between different administrative and institutional cultures needs to be put forward; the EGCT is a good, first step.
Treba je uveljaviti preprostejše, učinkovitejše in prilagodljivejše orodje za spodbujanje sodelovanja med različnimi upravnimi in institucionalnimi kulturami; EZTS je spodbuden prvi korak.
Geography – friend or foe?
Geografija – prijateljica ali sovražnica?
Why publish a Green Paper now?
Zakaj je zdaj pravi čas za objavo zelene knjige?
Discussion on territorial development started at the beginning of the 90s with the publication of two reports, Europe 2000 and Europe 2000+.
Razprava o teritorialnem razvoju se je začela na začetku devetdesetih let z objavo dveh poročil, Evropa 2000 in Evropa 2000+.
But it was only in 1995 during a meeting of the Assembly of European Regions in Antwerp that the concept of Territorial Cohesion first appeared.
Vendar se je koncept teritorialne kohezije pojavil šele leta 1995 na zasedanju Skupščine evropskih regij v Antwerpnu.
Mountain and island regions present economic characteristics as singular as their topography.
Gorske in otoške regije imajo posebne gospodarske značilnosti, tako kot je posebna tudi njihova topografija.
While tourism has, in many cases, served them well, boosting the local economy and providing the means and motivation for transport links and good basic services, it has also made them vulnerable.
Čeprav so v številnih primerih dobro izkoristile turizem, ki je spodbudil lokalno gospodarstvo in jim zagotovil sredstva in spodbudo za prometne povezave ter dobre osnovne storitve, so zaradi njega postale tudi ranljive.
Dependence on one sector alone puts these economies at risk, rendered more acute by the challenges of climate change – the islands face rising sea levels and coastal erosion, the mountains, receding glaciers and decreasing snow falls.
Njihovo gospodarstvo je zaradi odvisnosti od enega samega sektorja v nevarnosti, ki jo še zaostrujejo težave zaradi podnebnih sprememb – otokom grozita dvig morske gladine in obalna erozija, goram pa umikajoči se ledeniki in zmanjšanje količine snežnih padavin.
Two years later the concept was introduced in the Treaty of Amsterdam (Article 7d) and in 1999 Member States adopted the European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP).
Čez dve leti je bil koncept vključen v Amsterdamsko pogodbo (člen 7d), leta 1999 pa so države članice sprejele Evropsko perspektivo prostorskega razvoja.
Frequent meetings between ministers responsible for spatial planning and regional development, from various governments, led to the adoption of a Territorial Agenda which set out three priorities for cohesion:
Pogosta srečanja ministrov, pristojnih za prostorsko načrtovanje in regionalni razvoj, iz različnih vlad so pripeljala do sprejetja Teritorialne agende, v kateri so določene tri prednostne naloge kohezije:
Accessibility is another cumulative barrier to development – the islands are frequently peripheral and mountain areas in many cases act as natural barriers between Member States, reinforcing border effects.
Razvoj dodatno ovira tudi dostopnost – otoki so pogosto v obrobnih regijah, gorska območja pa velikokrat delujejo kot naravne pregrade med državami članicami in krepijo vpliv meja.
International cooperation in these areas is therefore essential not only for the mountain areas themselves, but also for the lowland areas they separate.
Mednarodno sodelovanje na teh območjih je torej bistvenega pomena ne samo za gorska območja, ampak tudi za nižinska območja, ki jih ločujejo.
• Strengthen links between, and the integration of, territories by promoting cooperation and exchanges; and
•osredotočitinacionalneinregionalnepolitiketeritori-alnega razvoja na čim boljše izkoriščanje teritorialnih prednosti;
• Enhance the consistency of EU policies with a territorial impact.
Geografski elementi, kot so gorovja, pomenijo izziv za naše preteklo dojemanje meja.
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6 _BAR_ inforegio _BAR_ panorama _BAR_ št. 28 _BAR_
Green Paper on Territorial Cohesion, the way ahead of projects. e emphasis is on place-based policymaking with the word ‘territory’ reminding authorities they need to know the lay of the land before formulating policy. ere needs to be a change in sectoral policy planning. e development of sectoral policies should take into account, at all levels, the impact policies will have in the regions themselves.
Argument, da potrebujemo teritorialno protiutež širokim sektorskim politikam na ravni EU, postaja čedalje pomembnejši, tako kot tudi dejstvo, da je treba politiko prilagoditi lokalni ravni, da lahko dobro deluje. To se že kaže pri nekaterih regionalnih programih, pri katerih celotni proračun prejmejo zadevna mesta in tako dobijo besedo pri zasnovi in izvajanju projektov.
Agriculture, innovation, sustainable development – one size does not fit all.
Kmetijstvo, inovacije, trajnostni razvoj – niso vsem prav isti čevlji.
e Green Paper fine tunes the approach, arguing that the implicit attention paid to Territorial Cohesion needs to become explicit − Regional Policy should, as its description implies, be applied to the different sorts of regions, in the ordinary meaning of this word, or to use another term, to territories.
V zeleni knjigi je ta pristop podrobneje opredeljen, pri čemer trdi, da mora prikrita pozornost, ki se namenja teritorialni koheziji, postati očitna – regionalno politiko je treba, kot pove že njen opis, uporabljati v različnih vrstah regij v običajnem pomenu te besede oziroma na ozemljih, če uporabimo drug izraz.
A subnational focus needs to be encouraged with an emphasis on ‘place-based’ policies which integrate with policies on sectors such as sustainable development and access to services.
Treba je spodbuditi subnacionalno osredotočanje in poudariti politike, ki „temeljijo na kraju“ in se povezujejo s sektorskimi politikami, kot sta trajnostni razvoj in dostop do storitev.
By suggesting a more flexible geography, the paper does not call into question national and regional competence in the field of spatial planning and land use.
Zelena knjiga sicer predlaga prožnejšo geografijo, vendar ne izpodbija nacionalne in regionalne pristojnosti na področju prostorskega načrtovanja in rabe tal.
As Danuta Hübner, Commissioner for Regional Policy, explains; “We need to explore new forms of governance to further reinforce the difficult, but essential combination of high-level European direction and bottom-up adjustment to local needs and preferences.”
Kot pojasnjuje Danuta Hübner, komisarka za regionalno politiko: „Raziskati moramo nove oblike upravljanja, da bi dodatno okrepili težavno, a bistveno združevanje evropskega usmerjanja na visoki ravni in prilagajanja lokalnim potrebam in željam od spodaj navzgor.“
Diversity as an asset not a barrier
Raznolikost kot prednost in ne ovira
Along with a change in perspective comes a change in philosophy − cooperation is not just about trying to transcend national borders, it is also a critical step towards strength.
Kohezijska politika – spreminjanje teritorialnih izzivov v prednosti.
Cohesion Policy – turning territorial challenges into assets.
S spremembo gledišča se spremeni tudi filozofija – sodelovanje je ne samo prizadevanje za preseganje nacionalnih meja, ampak tudi pomemben korak h krepitvi.