natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
In Belgium, the economic value of
V Belgiji je gospodarska vrednost izgubljene možnosti predmet ocene ex æquo et bono, tako da sodnik po ugotovitvi, da ni natančnih elementov za določitev �kode, upo�teva vse elemente, ki bi po njegovem prepričanju
28 — In Spain, in the field of civil liability, the loss of an opportunity is regarded as nonmaterial damage for which compensation may be awarded, whereas under other national laws it may also be regarded as material damage.
V danski pravni ureditvi, ki ne pozna instituta izgube možnosti, lahko odločitve javnih organov s postopkovno ali vsebinsko napako utemeljijo od�kodninsko tožbo, v okviru katere se ugotovi vzročna zveza med nezakonitostjo in �kodo, če obstaja verjetnost, da bi bila oseba zaposlena, če odločitev ne bi imela napake.
27 — Thus, under Portuguese law, according to the administrative caselaw and the new Code of Administrative Court Procedure, reparation of damage to the career of an official takes the form of a retroactive reconstruction of that career as it ought to have progressed in the absence of the act which has been declared void.
28 – V Španiji se na področju civilne odgovornosti izguba možnosti obravnava kot nepremoženjska �koda, za katero se lahko prisodi od�kodnina, medtem ko se v drugih nacionalnih pravnih ureditvah lahko obravnava tudi kot premoženjska �koda.
33 In Italy, the Corte suprema di cassazione (Supreme Court of Cassation) approved a method which took into account the difference between the salary which a worker would have received if the opportunity to be promoted had materialised and that which he actually received and ruled that it was permissible to award a worker a percentage of that amount equal to the possibility of obtaining the promotion.
33 V Italiji je Corte suprema di cassazione odobrilo metodo, ki upo�teva razliko med plačilom, ki bi ga delavec prejemal v primeru uresničitve možnosti napredovanja, in plačilom, ki ga je dejansko prejemal, ter odločilo, da se delavcu lahko prisodi odstotek tega zneska, ki ustreza možnostim, da bi napredoval.
34In the United Kingdom, in the context of employment law, quantification of the loss of an opportunity to fill a post was carried out by evaluating the percentage chance of filling the post and multiplying that percentage by the amount of wages hypothetically lost. 35
34V Združenem kraljestvu se v okviru delovnega prava izguba možnosti zaposlitve kvantitativno določi, tako da se oceni odstotek, da bi oseba dobila zaposlitev, in uporabi ta odstotek na hipotetično izgubljeni znesek plačila.
For example, in matters relating to the public service, the damage suffered by a person who has lost a genuine chance of promotion has been evaluated at 50% of the difference between the salary that the official would have obtained following that promotion and that which he received in the absence of that promotion.
Na primer na področju javne uprave je bila �koda, ki jo je utrpela oseba, ki je izgubila resno možnost napredovanja, določena na 50 odstotkov razlike med plačilom, ki bi ga uradnik dobil po tem napredovanju, in plačilom, ki ga je �e naprej prejemal, ker ni napredoval.
30In France, where the conditions for compensation have been satisfied, in particular the condition as to the loss of a genuine opportunity, which is the only type of loss which constitutes certain damage, the administrative court determines the amount of compensation having regard to the criterion that compensation for the damage must be measured at the value of the lost opportunity and cannot be equal to the advantage that that opportunity would have provided if it had materialised.
30V Franciji ob izpolnitvi pogojev za od�kodnino, zlasti ko gre za izgubo resne možnosti, ki sama pomeni gotovo �kodo, upravno sodi�če določi znesek od�kodnine ob pomoči merila, da je treba od�kodnino odmeriti glede na vrednost izgubljene možnosti in da ta ne more biti enaka ugodnosti, ki bi izhajala iz te možnosti, če bi se uresničila.
31 With regard to setting the amount of compensation awarded to the victim, the administrative court may make, in the context of an action for damages, an overall assessment of the amount of damage, whilst observing the principle of full compen-
31Glede določitve zneska od�kodnine, ki ga prejme žrtev, lahko upravno sodi�če v okviru od�kodninske tožbe naredi skupno oceno zneska �kode in pri tem spo�tuje načelo popolne od�kodnine 32ali v posebnem primeru, ko so pravice žrtve ponovno vzpostavljene (na primer s postavitvijo na prej�nje mesto ali novo razvrstitvijo), oceni �kodo na podlagi razlike med plačilom, ki bi ga uradnik prejemal, če bi ostal zaposlen, in plačilom, ki
1996, No 146769, published on the website www.legifrance.gouv.fr), the Conseil d’État held that no provision or general principle of law prevented the administrative court, after it had assessed the merits of the claims for compensation of specific forms of damage, from carrying out an overall evaluation of the amount of that damage.
189398, objavljeno na spletni strani www.legifrance.gouv.fr. V tej zadevi je Conseil d’État pojasnil, da tožnik ne more zahtevati ugodnosti plačila, ki bi ga prejemal kot učenec École normale supérieure, ker je izgubil možnost, da bi uspe�no opravil sprejemni izpit na tej �oli.
COMMISSION v GIRARDOT been awarded to it with certainty.
KOMISIJA PROTI GIRARDOT ponudniku, ni bila niti dejanska niti gotova, če ni mogoče sklepati, da bi mu bilo naročilo zagotovo podeljeno.
37 A similar approach, albeit less categorical, was adopted in Farrugia v Commission, 38 which rejected,
37 Podoben pristop, čeprav manj odločen, je bil sprejet v zgoraj navedeni sodbi Farrugia proti Komisiji.
Commission suggests in the main appeal that the caselaw of the Court of First Instance shows some inconsistency, first, as regards recognition of the loss of an opportunity as damage capable of compensation in its own right and, second, as regards the method of calculating the damage resulting from the loss of an opportunity in different cases.
38 V pritožbi navaja, da naj bi bila sodna praksa Sodi�ča prve stopnje v različnih zadevah nedosledna, na eni strani glede priznavanja izgube možnosti kot �kode, za katero je oseba upravičena do popolne od�kodnine, in na drugi strani glede načina izračuna �kode zaradi izgube možnosti.
on similar grounds, the applicant’s claim that he suffered substantial damage as a result of having lost a unique opportunity to pursue his studies and research on account of the unlawful rejection of his application for a research training fellowship which, under the applicable Community legislation, was to be awarded by the Commission.
tej zadevi so bile iz podobnih razlogov zavrnjene trditve tožnika, da je utrpel pomembno �kodo, ker je izgubil edino možnost, da nadaljuje svoj �tudij in raziskave, ker je bila njegova prijava za �tipendijo za izobraževanje v okviru raziskav, ki bi jo v skladu z veljavno zakonodajo Skupnosti morala podeliti Komisija, zavržena nezakonito.
However, in disputes concerning the Staff Regulations, it seems that the Court of First Instance has not demonstrated the same rigour in finding, on an issue characterised to say the least by predominant judicial opinion, that the loss of an opportunity of being recruited or promoted is capable of
Vendarle se zdi, da v okviru sporov iz Kadrovskih predpisov Sodi�če prve stopnje ni pokazalo enake strogosti, ko je v večini sodnih primerov osebi, ki je izgubila možnost zaposlitve ali napredovanja, priznalo pravico
It is certainly true that in disputes other than those concerning the Community public service, the Court of First Instance has taken the view that it is not possible to compensate for damage resulting from the loss of an opportunity, since it is neither actual nor certain.
Res je, da je v sporih, ki ne spadajo na področje javnih uslužbencev Skupnosti, Sodi�če prve stopnje menilo, da �koda zaradi izgube možnosti, ki ni dejanska in gotova, ne more biti podlaga za od�kodnino.
Thus, in disputes concerning public contracts, the Court of First Instance tends to take the view that the damage which results from a loss of profit due to an infringement of Community law by the Commission in the conduct of a tendering procedure, presupposes that the applicant is entitled to be awarded the contract.
Tako se Sodi�če prve stopnje v sporih glede javnih naročil nagiba k mnenju, da �koda v obliki izgubljenega dobička, ki je nastala s tem, ker je Komisija kr�ila pravo Skupnosti pri vodenju razpisnega postopka, predpostavlja pravico tožnika do oddaje naročila.
36 In such a situation, the Court of First Instance has ruled that the damage resulting from the loss of profit alleged by the rejected tenderer was neither actual nor certain insofar as it is not possible to infer that the contract would have
36 V takem položaju je Sodi�če prve stopnje presodilo, da �koda, ki naj bi nastala zavrnjenemu
That approach was justified by Advocate General Poiares Maduro in his Opinion delivered on 7 September 2006 in Case C-243/05 P Agraz [2006] ECR I-10833, in which he pointed out, in point 20 and in reference to the judgments cited above, that the fact that the Commission has been granted discretion may justify the hypothetical nature of any damage, in strictly limited cases of lost opportunities.
Ta pristop je utemeljil generalni pravobranilec Poiares Maduro v svojih sklepnih predlogih, predstavljenih 7. septembra 2006 v zadevi Agraz in drugi (sodba Sodi�ča z dne 9. novembra 2006 (C-243/05 P, ZOdl., str. I-10833)), v katerih je v točki 20 ob sklicevanju na zgoraj navedene sodbe poudaril, da lahko diskrecijska pravica, ki je bila podeljena Komisiji, utemelji hipotetičnost �kode v zelo omejenih primerih izgube možnosti.
Accordingly, in his view, where an applicant for a post or a tenderer for a contract is excluded from entitlement to compete because of an error on the part of the Community, a court refuses to compensate for the loss of opportunity which results from this for the person concerned because the person concerned cannot count on any right or legitimate expectation that he will obtain the post or contract in question.
Tako v primeru kandidata za delovno mesto ali ponudnika v okviru javnega naročila, ki nima več pravice sodelovati zaradi napake, ki jo je storila Skupnost, sodnik ne prisodi od�kodnine za izgubo možnosti, ki jo je utrpel tožnik, ker se ta ni mogel opirati na pravico ali legitimno pričakovanje, da bo dobil zaposlitev ali naročilo.
The material damage resulting from loss of the profits which would have resulted from obtaining the post or contract appears too uncertain to be deemed to be damage for which reparation may be granted.
Premoženjska �koda zaradi izgube ugodnosti, ki izhajajo iz zaposlitve ali pridobitve naročila, se zdi preveč negotova, da bi oseba, ki jo je utrpela, lahko bila upravičena do od�kodnine.
Although the Court set aside the judgment of the Court of First Instance in that case, it nonetheless did not have to rule on the issue of the loss of an opportunity.
Čeprav je Sodi�če v tej zadevi razveljavilo sodbo Sodi�ča prve stopnje, se mu ni bilo treba izreči o problematiki izgube možnosti.
41 nonmaterial and/or material in nature, by using, in respect of the method for calculating the damage, either a method based on the earnings differential, 42or a method of reparation ex aequo et bono. 43
prve stopnje včasih tudi dvoumno izhajalo iz tega, da je �koda nepremoženjska 40in/ali premoženjska 41, ko je pri izračunu �kode uporabilo bodisi metodo, ki temelji na razliki v plačilu, 42bodisi metodo od�kodnine ex æquo et bono. 43
The material nature of damage suffered because of the loss of an opportunity for career development seems to have been
Zdi se, da je bilo v pritožbenem postopku z zgoraj navedeno sodbo Svet proti de Nil in Impens potrjeno, da je �lo za premoženjsko
At first instance, the Court of First Instance took the view, in paragraph 47 of De Nil and Impens v Council, 44that the applicants had established the existence of a right to compensation for the damage resulting from the fact that they had not been reclassified in Category B at the same time as the other successful candidates in an internal competition organised by the Council of the European Union, insofar as, even though they were not entitled to promotion after their reclassification, they had, in any event, lost an opportunity of seeing their careers develop in the future in a manner comparable to the careers of the candidates who were successful in that competition.
Sodi�če prve stopnje je v točki 47 sodbe z dne 26. junija 1996 v zadevi de Nil in Impens proti Svetu 44menilo, da sta tožeči stranki dokazali obstoj pravice do nadomestila �kode, ki je nastala, ker nista bili razporejeni v kategorijo B sočasno z ostalimi uspe�nimi udeleženci notranjega natečaja, ki ga je organiziral Svet Evropske unije, in sta tako izgubili možnost, da bi se njuni karieri razvijali podobno kot kariere ostalih uspe�nih udeležencev tega natečaja, čeprav nista imeli pravice do napredovanja po njuni razporeditvi.
In addition to that material damage, the Court of First Instance upheld the applicants’ claim for compensation of the nonmaterial damage suffered by the applicants linked to the state of prolonged uncertainty in which they found themselves as regards the development of their careers.
Poleg te premoženjske �kode je Sodi�če prve stopnje ugodilo zahtevku tožečih strank za od�kodnino za nepremoženjsko �kodo, povezano s podalj�ano negotovostjo glede razvoja njunih karier.
It therefore evaluated, ex aequo et bono, the combined material and nonmaterial damage at BEF 500 000.
Tako je ex æquo et bono premoženjsko in nepremoženjsko �kodo skupaj ocenilo na 500.000 BEF.
40 — Moat v Commission, paragraphs 44 to 48, and Case T-166/04 C v Commission, paragraph 70.
40 – Zgoraj navedeni sodbi Moat proti Komisiji (točke od 44 do 48) in z dne 31. januarja 2007 v zadevi C proti Komi -siji (točka 70).
Case T-47/93 C v Commission, which seems to fall within this category since the Court of First Instance upheld the claim for compensation of the nonmaterial damage suffered by the applicant, nevertheless is somewhat ambiguous insofar as, on the one hand, the Court of First Instance did not expressly indicate the nature of the damage for which it was awarding compensation and, on the other hand, it awarded an amount in respect of nonmaterial damage higher than that claimed by the applicant, while dismissing the claim for compensation in respect of the material damage of loss of opportunity to be recruited based on the difference between the anticipated earnings and those actually received, with the result that it is possible to infer from this that the Court of First Instance carried out an overall assessment of the two forms of damage.
Zdi se, da zgoraj navedena sodba z dne 27. oktobra 1994 v zadevi C proti Komisiji spada v to skupino, ker je Sodi�če prve stopnje prisodilo od�kodnino za nepremoženjsko �kodo, ki jo je utrpel tožnik. Ta sodba je kljub vsemu deloma dvoumna, saj na eni strani Sodi�če prve stopnje ni izrecno navedlo vrste �kode, ki jo je nadomestilo, na drugi strani pa je prisodilo znesek za nepremoženjsko �kodo, ki je bil vi�ji od tistega, ki ga je zahteval tožnik, ter zavrnilo predloge za od�kodnino na podlagi premoženjske �kode zaradi izgube možnosti zaposlitve, ki je temeljila na razliki med pričakovanim in dejansko prejetim plačilom, iz česar izhaja, da je Sodi�če prve stopnje skupaj ocenilo obe vrsti �kode.
41 — Bories and Others v Commission, paragraphs 195, 197, 200 and 202; Eagle and Others v Commission, paragraph 150; Sanders and Others v Commission, paragraph 150.
41 – Zgoraj navedene sodbe Bories in drugi proti Komisiji (točke 195, 197, 200 in 202), Eagle in drugi proti Komisiji (točka 150) pa tudi Sanders in drugi proti Komisiji (točka 150).
See, also, Case T-386/94 Allo v Commission [1996] ECR-SC I-A-393 and II-1161, paragraph 73, which the judgment under appeal classes among the cases which have acknowledged that the damage suffered on account of the loss of an opportunity is material in nature, the Court of First Instance having, in that case and in contrast to the other judgments cited above, found that the alleged damage had not been established.
Glej tudi zgoraj navedeno sodbo Allo proti Komisiji (točka 73), ki jo izpodbijana sodba (točka 56) uvr�ča med zadeve, v katerih je bila sprejeta premoženjska narava �kode, ki jo je oseba utrpela zaradi izgube možnosti. V nasprotju z ostalimi zgoraj navedenimi sodbami je Sodi�če prve stopnje v tej zadevi ugotovilo, da zatrjevana �koda ni bila dokazana.
On an appeal brought by the Council, the Court set aside the judgment of the Court of First Instance inasmuch as it held that the
Na podlagi pritožbe, ki jo je vložil Svet, je Sodi�če razveljavilo sodbo Sodi�ča prve stopnje v delu, ki tožečim strankam priznava
42 — See, Eagle and Others v Commission, paragraph 163, and Sanders and Others v Commission, paragraph 166.
42 – Glej zgoraj navedeni sodbi Eagle in drugi proti Komisiji (točka 163) ter Sanders in drugi proti Komisiji (točka 166).
43 — See Moat v Commission, paragraph 49; Case T-47/93 C v Commission, paragraph 55; Bories and Others v Commission, paragraphs 194 to 204; and Case T-166/04 C v Commission, paragraph 79.
43 – Glej zgoraj navedene sodbe Moat proti Komisiji (točka 49) z dne 27. oktobra 1994 v zadevi C proti Komisiji (točka 55), Bories in drugi proti Komisiji (točke od 194 do 204) pa tudi z dne 31. januarja 2007 v zadevi C proti Komisiji (točka 79).
‘accepts the idea’, in spite of some critical remarks regarding the caselaw of the Court of First Instance, that the damage resulting from such a loss is of a material nature, as stated in paragraph 56 of the judgment under appeal.
KOMISIJA PROTI GIRARDOT lahko nadomesti izgubo možnosti zaposlitve in „sprejema idejo“, kljub nekaterim kritikam sodne prakse Sodi�ča prve stopnje, da je �koda, ki izhaja iz take izgube, premoženjska, kot je bilo ugotovljeno v točki 56 izpodbijane sodbe.
applicants were entitled to compensation for the nonmaterial damage they claimed to have suffered.
pravico do od�kodnine za nepremoženjsko �kodo, ki naj bi jo utrpeli.
Finding that, on that issue, the state of the proceedings so permitted, the Court dismissed the applicants’ claim concerning compensation for the non-mater - ial damage.
Sodi�če je ugotovilo, da se v sporu o tej točki lahko odloči, in zavrnilo od�kodninski zahtevek glede nepremoženjske �kode.
However, the Court rejected the Council’s criticisms of the Court of First Instance’s acknowledgment of the existence of material damage.
Nasprotno pa je Sodi�če zavrnilo kritike Sveta glede ugotovitve obstoja premoženjske �kode.
Accordingly, it ruled, in paragraph 28 of the judgment and with express reference to the abovementioned paragraph 47 of the judgment of the Court of First Instance, that ‘it cannot in principle be excluded that the officials who failed in the … Competition [in question] and, like the applicants, were successful in the second Competition … suffered material damage consisting in the fact that they lost the opportunity of seeing their careers develop in the future in a manner comparable to the careers of the candidates who were successful in [the] Competition [in question], owing to the impossibility of reclassifying them from 1 January 1991’.
V točki 28 zgoraj navedene sodbe Svet proti de Nil in Impens, ki se izrecno sklicuje na točko 47 sodbe Sodi�ča prve stopnje, je Sodi�če tako obrazložilo, da „ne more biti a priori izključeno, da so uradniki, ki niso uspe�no končali [zadevnega] natečaja in ki so kot tožeči stranki uspe�no končali drugi natečaj, utrpeli premoženjsko �kodo, ki izhaja iz dejstva, da se njihova kariera v prihodnosti ne bo razvijala podobno kot kariera uspe�nih udeležencev [zadevnega] natečaja, kar je posledica nezmožnosti ponovne razporeditve z učinkom na dan 1. januarja 1991“.
However, in its appeal, the Commission states that it cannot accept the method used by the Court of First Instance to quantify such damage.
Nasprotno pa v svoji pritožbi Komisija navaja, da ne more sprejeti metode, ki jo je uporabilo Sodi�če prve stopnje za kvantitativno določitev take �kode.
It points out that, by quantifying the loss of opportunity as the difference between the earnings which the person concerned would have received if she had been recruited and those that she actually obtained, the Court of First Instance distorted the notion of loss of opportunity.
Poudarja, da je Sodi�če prve stopnje spremenilo institut izgube možnosti, ko je kvantitativno določilo izgubo možnosti na podlagi razlike med plačilom, ki bi ga oseba dobila, če bi bila zaposlena, in plačilom, ki ga je dejansko prejemala.
The method used by the Court of First Instance, which is based on the earnings differential, amounts, in effect, in the Commission’s view, to assessing hypothetical damage and to making good the loss of a guarantee and not an opportunity of obtaining a post.
Z metodo, ki jo je uporabilo Sodi�če prve stopnje, naj bi se dejansko določalo hipotetično �kodo in nadomestilo izgubo gotovosti, in ne izgubo možnosti zaposlitve.
At the hearing, the Commission also stated that the required causal link between the unlawful act and the damage suffered failed to satisfy one of the conditions laid down in the case-law, namely that there should be a direct causal link between the unlawful act committed and the damage.
Na razpravi je Komisija tudi pojasnila, da vzročna zveza, ki mora obstajati med nezakonitostjo in �kodo, ne ustreza enemu od pogojev, določenih s sodno prakso, in sicer pogoju obstoja neposredne vzročne zveze med nezakonitostjo in �kodo.
I cannot think of any objection to carrying out a similar assessment concerning the loss of an opportunity to be recruited, such as that at issue in this case.
Nobenega razloga proti ne vidim, da se ne bi opravila podobna ocena glede izgube možnosti zaposlitve, kot je ta v tem primeru.
45 Moreover, it should be pointed out that, in the main appeal, the Commission does not dispute that the loss of an opportunity of being recruited may be compensated for and
45Sicer pa naj opozorim, da v pritožbi Komisija ne nasprotuje temu, da se
45 — I would point out, in that regard, that in Case 11/72 Giordiano v Commission [1973] ECR 417, paragraphs 8 and 9, the Court dismissed the applicant’s claim for compensation for the alleged material damage suffered as a result of the loss of a real chance of being appointed not because such damage is not relevant in disputes concerning noncontractual liability, but simply because the applicant had failed to adduce proof as to the reality of his chance of recruitment.
45 – V zvezi s tem se lahko opozori, da je v sodbi z dne 5. aprila 1973 v zadevi Giordano proti Komisiji (11/72, Recueil, str. 417, točki 8 in 9) Sodi�če zavrnilo od�kodninski zahtevek tožeče stranke glede zatrjevane premoženjske �kode, ki jo je utrpela zaradi izgube resne možnosti zaposlitve, ne ker ta �koda ne bi bila upo�tevna, ampak preprosto ker tožeča stranka ni dokazala resničnost svoje možnosti zaposlitve.
Before assessing the merits of that view, the line of argument put forward by the Commission raises, as was made apparent by Ms Girardot (see point 41 above), the
Pred obravnavo utemeljenosti te teze se ob utemeljitvi Komisije postavlja vpra-
Indeed, on the one hand, the Commission explains therein that it requests the Court to rule on the method of calculation used in the judgment under appeal to make good the damage caused by the loss of an opportunity.
Na eni strani Komisija v pritožbi razlaga, da želi, da bi Sodi�če presodilo način izračuna, uporabljenega v izpodbijani sodbi glede od�kodnine za �kodo zaradi izgube možnosti.