natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Even the shortest exposure to high sound pressure level noise will lead to hearing damage, while exposure to low-level noise over a longer period will have a similar effect.
Celo najkrajša izpostavljenost visoki ravni zvočnega tlaka hrupa bo povzročila okvaro sluha, podoben učinek pa bo imela tudi dlje trajajoča izpostavljenost hrupu z nizkimi ravnmi.
During his first three hours of work, a worker was exposed to a noise level of 85 dB(A).
V prvih treh urah na delovnem mestu je bil delavec izpostavljen ravni hrupa 85 dB(A).
During the next four hours, he worked in a quiet room [60 dB(A)] and during the next hour he worked on a machine generating noise with a sound pressure level of 100 dB(A).
V naslednjih štirih urah je delavec delal v tihem prostoru [60 dB(A)], v naslednji uri pa je delal na stroju, ki proizvaja hrup z ravnjo zvočnega tlaka 100 dB(A).
The equivalent continuous A-weighted SPL calculated for 8 hours of work therefore equals 91 dB(A).
A-vrednotena ekvivalentna neprekinjena raven zvočnega tlaka, izračunana za osem ur dela, je torej 91 dB(A).
Speech intelligibility in noisy environments is defined as a percentage of correctly recognised words, utterances etc.
Razumljivost govora v hrupnih okoljih je opredeljena kot odstotek pravilno razumljenih besed, izrazov itd.
It can be calculated using various methods.
Izračunamo jo lahko z uporabo različnih metod.
Figure 1.23 Equivalent level [91 dB(A)] during 8-hour working day
SSlika 1.23 Ekvivalentna raven [91 dB(A)] med 8-urnim delavnikom
‘C’-frequency weighted instantaneous noise pressure.
) je najvišja vred- peak nost „C“–frekvenčno uravnoteženega trenutnega zvočnega tlaka.
) is very often used to assess peak the damaging effect of noise in addition to the level of exposure to noise. •Exposure limit values of peak sound pressure, quoted in the Directive, are values of sound pressure, at which there is a serious risk of instant hearing damage.•We can say that:–Noise exposure level provides an assessment of the effects of prolonged exposure to noise.–Peak sound pressure provides an assessment of the effects of exposure to short, very loud sounds (impulse noise).
) se poleg ravni peak izpostavljenosti hrupu pogosto uporablja za oceno škodljivega vpliva hrupa. •Mejne vrednosti izpostavljenosti konične ravni zvočnega tlaka, navedene v Direktivi, so vrednosti zvočnega tlaka, pri katerih obstaja resno tveganje za takojšnjo okvaro sluha.•Rečemo lahko, da–raven izpostavljenosti hrupu omogoča oceno učinkov podaljšane izpostavljenosti hrupu, –konična raven zvočnega tlaka omogoča oceno učinkov izpostavljenosti kratkim, zelo glasnim zvokom (impulzivni hrup).
•A characteristic phenomenon occurring in presence of noise involves not hearing sounds weaker than the noise.
•Značilen pojav med prisotnostjo hrupa je tudi, da ne slišimo zvokov, ki so tišji od hrupa.
This phenomenon is called sound masking.•Sound masking is very dangerous at work stations, where an employee requires potential hazard (e.g. machines or their moving parts) warning or has to obey verbal instructions.
Ta pojav se imenuje maskiranje zvoka.•Maskiranje zvoka je zelo nevarno na delovnih postajah, kjer mora delavec slišati morebitna opozorila o obstoju nevarnosti (npr. v zvezi s stroji in njihovimi premičnimi deli) ali upoštevati ustna navodila.
Sound masking may result in an employee not be able to hear or recognise the warning signals and this may cause accidents.•Sound masking influences speech intelligibility.
Posledica maskiranja zvoka je lahko, da delavec ne sliši ali prepozna opozorilnih znakov, to pa lahko privede do nezgode.•Maskiranje zvoka vpliva na razumljivost govora.
Low speech intelligibility may result in misunderstanding of verbal instructions and may also cause accidents.•According to the provisions of Directives 2003/10/EC and 89/391/EEC18, the employer shall be particularly careful, when assessing risks of any indirect effects on workers’ health and safety resulting from interactions between noise and warning signals or other sounds, which need to be observed to reduce the risk of accidents.
Slaba razumljivost govora lahko privede do napačnega razumevanja ustnih navodil in tudi do nezgod.•V skladu z določbami direktiv 2003/10/ES in 89/391/EGS18 mora biti delodajalec še posebej previden pri ocenjevanju tveganja posrednih vplivov na varnost in zdravje delavcev, ki so posledica vzajemnega delovanja med hrupom in opozorilnimi znaki ali drugimi zvoki, ki jih je treba upoštevati pri zmanjševanju tveganja nezgod. .
89/391/EEC Council Directive of 12 June 1989, on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers at work, O.J. No L 183 of 29.06.1989, page 1.
Direktiva Sveta 89/391/EGS z dne 12. junija 1989 o uvajanju ukrepov za spodbujanje izboljšav varnosti in zdravja delavcev pri delu, UL L 183, 29.6.1989, str. 1.
CHAPTER 2 Risk assessment procedure
POGLAVJE 2: Postopek ocenjevanja tveganja
DIRECTIVE REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................................................................................. 40
ZAHTEVE DIREKTIVE............................................................................................................................................................... 40
OVERVIEW OF NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE .............................................................................................. 41
PREGLED POSTOPKA OCENJEVANJA TVEGANJA HRUPA ......................................................................................... 41
Listening and simple checks for steady noise ...................................................................................................... 42
Preverjanje slišnosti in preproste meritve stalnega hrupa............................................................................... 42
Simple checks of maximum peak sound pressure levels ................................................................................. 42
Preproste meritve najvišjih koničnih ravni zvočnega tlaka............................................................................. 42
PLANNING A RISK ASSESSMENT......................................................................................................................................... 43
NAČRTOVANJE OCENE TVEGANJA ................................................................................................................................... 43
Skills required .................................................................................................................................................................... 43
Potrebna znanja .............................................................................................................................................................. 43
Checking the situation .................................................................................................................................................. 44
Preverjanje stanja ........................................................................................................................................................... 44
Using existing information rather than noise measurements ....................................................................... 44
Uporaba obstoječih informacij namesto meritev hrupa ................................................................................. 44
Instrumentation for noise measurement ............................................................................................................... 45
Instrumenti za merjenje hrupa ................................................................................................................................. 45
Measurements required ............................................................................................................................................... 45
Potrebne meritve ........................................................................................................................................................... 45
Sound level meter measurement options .................................................................................................. 45
Možnosti merjenja merilnika ravni zvoka .................................................................................................. 45
Daily noise exposure measurements ........................................................................................................... 46
Meritve dnevne izpostavljenosti hrupu ..................................................................................................... 46
Measurements of peak sound pressure exposure .................................................................................. 47
Meritve konične ravni izpostavljenosti zvočnemu tlaku ..................................................................... 47
MEASUREMENT ........................................................................................................................................................................ 47
MERITEV ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 47
Preparation ......................................................................................................................................................................... 47
Priprava................................................................................................................................................................................ 47
Measurement with a sound level meter................................................................................................................. 47
Merjenje z merilnikom ravni zvoka ......................................................................................................................... 47
Measurement with a dosimeter................................................................................................................................. 49
Merjenje z dozimetrom ............................................................................................................................................... 49
Post measurement .......................................................................................................................................................... 50
Naknadna meritev ......................................................................................................................................................... 50
Measurement of noise close to the ear................................................................................................................... 50
Meritev hrupa v bližini ušesa ..................................................................................................................................... 50
EVALUATION OF ASSESSMENT RESULTS ......................................................................................................................... 51
VREDNOTENJE REZULTATOV OCENJEVANJA ................................................................................................................ 51
Calculation of noise exposure ..................................................................................................................................... 51
Izračun izpostavljenosti hrupu ................................................................................................................................... 51
Calculation method............................................................................................................................................. 51
Metoda izračuna.................................................................................................................................................... 51
Measurement uncertainty ................................................................................................................................. 53
Nenatančnost merjenja ...................................................................................................................................... 53
Identification of significant noise sources ............................................................................................................. 54
Določitev pomembnih virov hrupa ......................................................................................................................... 54
Interaction between noise and workrelated ototoxic substances and vibration .................................. 54
Vzajemno delovanje med hrupom ter z delom povezanimi ototoksičnimi snovmi in vibracijami ................. 54
Hearing protection requirements ............................................................................................................................. 54
Zahteve glede zaščite sluha ........................................................................................................................................ 54
INFORMATION, CONSULTATION, PARTICIPATION AND TRAINING OF WORKERS ............................................. 55
IOBVEŠČANJE, SODELOVANJE IN USPOSABLJANJE DELAVCEV TER POSVETOVANJE Z NJIMI.................... 55
CHAPTER 2: RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE
POGLAVJE 2: POSTOPEK OCENJEVANJA TVEGANJA
Risk assessment is fundamental for the protection of workers from risks to their health and safety arising or likely to arise from exposure to noise risk.
Ocena tveganja je bistvenega pomena za zaščito delavcev pred tveganji za njihovo varnost in zdravje,,ki nastanejo ali bi lahko nastala zaradi izpostavljenosti hrupu.
Risk assessment shall identify workers exposed to risk from noise and determine their level of noise exposure.
Z oceno tveganja ugotovimo, kateri delavci so izpostavljeni tveganju zaradi hrupa, in določimo raven njihove izpostavljenosti hrupu.
Risk assessment is not an end in itself; its purpose is to identify actions required when exposure action values are reached or exceeded.
Ocena tveganja ni sama po sebi cilj, temveč je njen namen določiti ukrepe, ki so potrebni, ko so opozorilne vrednosti izpostavljenosti dosežene ali presežene.
The employer shall designate one or more workers to carry out activities related to the protection and preventions of occupational risks for the undertaking and/or establishment.3.
Delodajalec imenuje enega ali več delavcev za opravljanje dejavnosti, povezanih z zaščito in s preprečevanjem poklicnih tveganj za podjetje in/ali obrat.3.
If such protective and preventive measures cannot be organised for lack of competent personnel in the undertaking and/or establishment, the employer shall enlist competent external services or persons.
Če zaščitnih in preventivnih ukrepov ni mogoče organizirati zaradi pomanjkanja strokovnega osebja v podjetju in/ali obratu, delodajalec vključi pristojne zunanje službe ali osebe.
Employer’s obligations
Obveznosti delodajalca
Article 4 of Directive 2003/10/EC requires the employer to assess and, if necessary, to measure the levels of noise, to which the workers are exposed.
Člen 4 Direktive 2003/10/ES19 delodajalcu nalaga, da oceni in po potrebi izmeri ravni hrupa, ki so jim delavci izpostavljeni.
The methods used may include sampling, which shall be representative of the personal exposure of a worker.
Uporabljene metode lahko vključujejo vzorčenje, ki mora biti reprezentativno za osebno izpostavljenost delavca.
The methods used may include sampling, which shall be representative of the personal exposure of a worker.5.
Uporabljene metode lahko vključujejo vzorčenje, ki mora biti reprezentativno za osebno izpostavljenost delavca. 5.
Risk assessment and exposure measurement referred to above must be planned and conducted by competent services at appropriate intervals, taking particular account of the provisions of Article 7 of Directive 89/391/EEC20concerning necessary, competent services or persons.
Ocena tveganja in meritev izpostavljenosti, omenjeni zgoraj, morata biti načrtovani in izvedeni s strani pristojnih služb v ustreznih časovnih razmikih in ob upoštevanju določb člena 7 Direktive 89/391/EGS20, ki se nanašajo na potrebne pristojne službe ali osebe.
Data obtained from assessment and/or measurement of the noise exposure level must be stored in a suitable form to permit consultation at a later stage.
Podatki, pridobljeni pri ocenjevanju in/ali meritvi ravni izpostavljenosti hrupu, morajo biti shranjeni v primerni obliki, da se omogoči poznejše posvetovanje. .
89/391/EEC Council Directive of 12 June 1989, on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers at work, O.J. No L 183, of 29.06.1989, page 1.
Direktiva Sveta 89/391/EGS z dne 12. junija 1989 o uvajanju ukrepov za spodbujanje izboljšav varnosti in zdravja delavcev pri delu, UL L 183, 29.6.1989, str. 1.
When does a risk exist?
Kdaj obstaja tveganje?
Risk is determined by daily noise exposure level
Tveganje je določeno z dnevno ravnjo izpostavljenosti
The assessment and measurement referred to above shall be planned and carried out by competent services at suitable intervals.
Ocenjevanje in merjenje, omenjena zgoraj, sta načrtovana in izvedena s strani pristojnih služb v ustreznih časovnih razmikih.
The data obtained from the assessment and/or measurement of the level of exposure to noise shall be preserved so as to permit consultation at a later stage.
Podatki, pridobljeni pri ocenjevanju in/ali merjenju ravni izpostavljenosti hrupu se shranijo, da se omogočijo poznejša posvetovanja.
Noise exposure is determined from exposure duration eq) during the expo- and average sound pressure level (Lsure period.
Izpostavljenost hrupu je določena s trajanjem izpostav- eq) med ljenosti in povprečno ravnjo zvočnega tlaka (Lobdobjem izpostavljenosti.
Daily noise exposure is determined by summing up each individual period of noise exposure during the day to give the overall daily value.
Dnevna izpostavljenost hrupu se določi tako, da se seštejejo vsa posamezna obdobja izpostavljenosti hrupu v dnevu, s čimer dobimo skupno dnevno vrednost.
This daily period is normalised to eight hours.
To dnevno obdobje je normirano na osem ur.
Finally, the employer must be especially attentive to exposure limit and action values given in Article 3 of Directive 2003/10/EC, to the exposure level, type and duration, including impulsive noise exposure and to all health and safety related effects on workers belonging to particularly sensitive risk groups, effects of interactions between noise and ototoxic substances and vibrations, and effects of interactions between noise and warning signals, etc.
Delodajalec mora biti posebej pozoren tudi na mejne in opozorilne vrednosti izpostavljenosti, navedene v členu 3 Direktive 2003/10/ES, raven izpostavljenosti, vrsto in trajanje, vključno z izpostavljenostjo impulzivnemu hrupu in vsemi z varnostjo in zdravjem povezanimi učinki na delavce, ki spadajo v posebej občutljive ogrožene skupine, učinke vzajemnega delovanja hrupa, ototoksičnih snovi in vibracij ter učinke vzajemnega delovanja hrupa in opozorilnih znakov itd.
Risk is also determined by maximum peak sound pressure expressed as a C-weighted peak sound level.
Tveganje je določeno tudi z najvišjim koničnim zvočnim tlakom, izraženim kot C-vrednotena konična raven zvoka.
A worker is considered to be at risk if his/her daily noise exposure or peak noise exposure exceeds the lower action values.
Šteje se, da je delavec ogrožen, če njegova dnevna izpostavljenost hrupu ali konična izpostavljenost hrupu preseže spodnje opozorilne vrednosti.
Exposure limit values and exposure action values
Mejne vrednosti izpostavljenosti in opozorilne vrednosti izpostavljenosti
How do I assess the risk?
Kako ocenimo tveganje?
For the purposes of this Directive the exposure limit values and exposure action values in respect of the daily noise exposure levels and peak sound pressure are fixed at: a. exposure limit values: L
V tej direktivi so mejne vrednosti izpostavljenosti in opozorilne vrednosti izpostavljenosti za dnevno izpostavljenost hrupu in konični zvočni tlak določene na naslednji način: a. mejne vrednosti izpostavljenosti
Initial checks can be used to estimate whether lower action values are likely to be exceeded.
EX,8h peak b. zgornje opozorilne vrednosti izpostavljenosti:
These initial checks are not accurate, but simply adequate to ensure a first approximation or whether there is a critical risk potential.
EX,8h zase; c. spodnje opozorilne vrednosti izpostavljenosti:
A quantitative assessment is required if there is any likelihood that lower exposure action values could be reached or exceeded.
Če obstaja verjetnost, da bodo spodnje opozorilne vrednosti izpostavljenosti dosežene ali presežene, je treba izvesti kvantitativno oceno.
In this case, the assessment must consider how the work is performed and how it may vary from day to day.
V tem primeru mora ocena upoštevati, kako se delo opravlja in kako se lahko iz dneva v dan spreminja.
Reliable information on the level of the noise associated with each task is also required; this may be provided by measurements in the workplace or by other reliable sources.
Prav tako so potrebni zanesljivi podatki o ravni hrupa, povezanega z vsako nalogo; pridobiti jih je mogoče z meritvami na delovnem mestu ali z drugimi zanesljivimi viri.
Evaluation uncertainty must be considered, when comparing results with action values.
Med primerjavo rezultatov z opozorilnimi vrednostmi je treba upoštevati nenatančnost ocen.
When it is possible, rather than certain, that an exposure action value or limit value is exceeded, action shall be taken on the assumption that it is exceeded.
Ko je verjetno in ne gotovo, da bo opozorilna vrednost izpostavljenosti ali mejna vrednost presežena, se sprejme ukrep s predpostavko, da je vrednost presežena.
Risk assessment shall identify workers at risk and help to identify areas and tasks contributing most to worker noise exposure.
Ocena tveganja določi ogrožene delavce in pomaga pri določanju območij in nalog, ki največ prispevajo k izpostavljenosti delavcev hrupu.
This will form a basis for planning noise controls, health surveillance and hearing protection requirements.
To tvori osnovo za načrtovanje nadzora hrupa, zdravstveni nadzor in zahteve glede zaščite sluha.
Keep a record of findings and review your assessment, when workplace alterations affect noise exposure.
Vodite evidenco o ugotovitvah in ponovno preverite oceno, če spremembe na delovnem mestu vplivajo na izpostavljenost hrupu.
When applying the exposure limit values, the determination of the worker’s eective exposure shall take account of the attenuation provided by the individual hearing protectors worn by the worker.
Kadar se uporabljajo mejne vrednosti izpostavljenosti, se pri določanju dejanske izpostavljenosti delavca upošteva zmanjšanje hrupa zaradi osebne varovalne opreme za varovanje sluha, ki jo nosi delavec.
The exposure action values shall not take account of the eect of any such protectors.3.
Opozorilne vrednosti izpostavljenosti ne upoštevajo učinka take varovalne opreme. 3.
It shall not be confused with other values also given in dB(A) such as:•Sound pressure level (Lp) – immediate sound pressure level.•Sound power level (Lw) – total Sound Power output (emission) associated with an item of noisy equipment.Noise parameters are introduced in Chapter 1.
Ne smemo je zamenjevati z drugimi vrednostmi, ki so prav tako izražene v dB(A), na primer: •z ravnjo zvočnega tlaka (Lp) – trenutna raven zvočnega tlaka•z ravnjo zvočne moči (Lw) – skupni učinek zvočne moči (emisija), povezan z delom hrupnih naprav. Parametri hrupa so predstavljeni v Poglavju 1.
DIRECTIVE REQUIREMENTS
ZAHTEVE DIREKTIVE
Paragraphs 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Article 4 of Directive 2003/10/CE include the following provisions.
Odstavki 1, 2, 3, 4 in 5 člena 4 Direktive 2003/10/ES vključujejo naslednje določbe.
In carrying out the obligations laid down in Articles 6(3) and 9(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC, the employer shall assess and, if necessary, measure the levels of noise to which workers are exposed.
1Pri izpolnjevanju obveznosti iz členov 6(3) in 9(1) Direktive 89/391/EGS delodajalec oceni in po potrebi izmeri raven hrupa, ki so mu izpostavljeni delavci.