natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Within the borders of the customs union, which was completed in1968, there is free trade. Businessespay no customs duties from Lapland to Sicily, from Portugal’s Atlantic islandsto the EU’s easternmost borders.
Znotraj meja carinske unije, ki je bila vzpostavljenaleta 1968, poteka prosta trgovina.Od Laponske do Sicilije, od portugalskih atlantskih otokov do najboljvzhodnih meja EU podjetja ne plačujejo carine.Vzpostavitev carinskeunije je tudi zagotovilo enotnih pravil za vsakogar, ki uvaža iz preostalega sveta.
Creating a customs union also ensuredthat the playing field was levelled foranyone importing from the rest of theworld.
Če se plačuje carina nauvoz, je enaka ne glede na to, katero pristanišče, letališče, cesta ali železnica se uporabi kot vstopna točka.
If there is duty to pay on imports,then it is the same whichever port, airport, road or rail entry point is used.
Uvozniki lahko pripeljejo blago v EUv obliki razsutega tovora in potempošiljko razdelijo na več manjših po-
By 1970,member states were trading six timesas much between themselves than 12years earlier.
Leta 1970 jebila medsebojna trgovina držav članic šestkrat večja kot 12 let predtem.
They were also tradingthree times as much with the rest of theworld.
Trikrat večja je bila tudi njihovatrgovina s preostalim svetom.
Their economies more than doubled in size and were expanding fasterthan the US economy.
Njihova gospodarstva so se več kot podvojila in so rasla hitreje kot gospodarstvo ZDA.
The bigger the EU, the greater the benefits
Večja EU, večje koristi
The bigger the European Union, the greater the catalytic effect of integration.
Večja ko bo EU, večji bo katalitični učinek povezovanja.
Enlargement of the EU to25 countries costs money initially as the EU helps newcomers complete the transition to becoming competitive free market economies.
Na začetku širitev EU na 25 držav pomenistrošek, ko EU pomaga novinkam, da opravijo svoj prehod v konkurenčna tržna gospodarstva.
However, there are tangible economic benefits to the EU.
Vendar so tu otipljive gospodarske koristi za EU.
The economy ofthe ‘old’ member states benefits since, as previous enlargements have shown, competition and increasedpersonal mobility are good for growth.
Gospodarstvo «starih» držav članic bo imelo koristi,saj so pretekle širitve pokazale, da konkurenca in večja mobilnost ljudi ugodno vplivata na rast.
By the end of the decade, the combined economies of the ‘old’member states could be 1% larger than they would otherwise have been.
Dokonca desetletja bi lahko bila združena gospodarstva «starih» držav članic za 1 odstotek večja, kotbi sicer bila brez te širitve.
The newcomers, meanwhile, canexpect up to 1% more growth each year from membership.
Novinke pa lahko pričakujejo, da jim bo samo članstvo vsako leto prineslo do 1 odstotka večjo rast.
This will come largely from higher investmentand from reforming these economies so that they run more efficiently.
To bo predvsem posledica večjih naložb in preoblikovanja teh gospodarstev, da bodo delovala bolj učinkovito.
Standards of living and quality oflife will improve.
Izboljšala se bosta življenjski standard in kakovost življenja.
It could also mean the creation of more than 300 000 jobs in these countries by 2010.
To bi lahko pomenilo tudi več kot 300 000 novih delovnih mest v teh državah do leta 2010.
More hurdles to overcome
Premagati je treba še več ovir jo daleč nazaj, vendar je bil napredek v prvih letih počasen.
Creating the customs union took awayonly the most obvious barrier to freetrade and competition – and thus toeconomic and social progress.
Vzpostavitev carinske unije je odstranila le najbolj očitno oviro za prosto trgovino in konkurenco – in torejza gospodarski ter socialni napredek.
It stillleft plenty of red tape to hold up trade.
Ostalo pa je še veliko birokratskih ovir, ki so zavirale trgovino.
Moreover, during the economic slowdowns resulting from the oil priceshocks of 1973 and 1979, the appetitefor more economic integration diminished.
Poleg tega je v obdobjih upočasnjene gospodarske rasti zaradi šokantnih cen nafte v letih 1973 in 1979uplahnila želja po večjem gospodarskem povezovanju.
The long-term gains were recognised, but the short-term pain of adjustment seemed too great.
Dolgoročne koristi so bile prepoznane, vendar seje cena prilagajanja na kratek rokzdela previsoka.
It was not untilthe beginning of the following decadethat member states were ready to startplanning another quantum leap.
Šele v začetku naslednjega desetletja so bile državečlanice pripravljene načrtovati še enkvantni skok.
Customs officers did not disappear.They still stopped lorries and freighttrains to check their paperwork andoften the contents of their containersas well.
Cariniki niso izginili. Še vedno soustavljali tovornjake in tovorne vlaketer preverjali njihove dokumente, pogosto pa tudi vsebino njihovih zabojnikov. Leta 1988 je to industrijo invlade stalo nepotrebnih 9 milijardevrov letno.
That came in the shape of the Single European Act, the blueprint for the European Single Market.
Tu je bila nadaljnja ovira v obliki različnih tehničnih zahtev, vključno zokoljskimi predpisi.
Signed inearly 1986, it set the end of 1992 asthe target date for eliminating themany barriers to trade which still survived.
Standardi nisobili nujno višji ali nižji v posameznihdržavah, ampak zgolj različni iz zgodovinskih razlogov.
There was a further obstacle in theshape of differences in technicalrequirements, including environmentalregulations.
To se je zgodilo v obliki Enotnegaevropskega akta, načrta za enotnievropski trg.
Standards were not necessarily higher or lower in one country oranother, just different for historical reasons. Work on developing common EUstandards goes back a long way, butprogress was slow in the early years.
Podpisan je bil na začetku leta 1986 in je kot ciljni datumza odpravo številnih še obstoječihtrgovinskih ovir določil konec leta1992.
The EU has made travel easier.
V EU se zdaj lažjepotuje.
Freedom for people too
Prosto gibanje tudi za ljudi
In the process of opening up markets for goods and services, people were not forgotten.
V procesu odpiranja trgov za blago in storitve pa ni bilo pozabljeno na ljudi.
As soon as the EEC was set up, it became easier for citizens of one member state to live and work in another.
Takoj po ustanovitvi EGS je za državljane držav članic postalo lažje živeti in delati v drugih državah članicah.
Freedomof movement has since been extended to job seekers, students, pensioners, in fact virtually everybody.More than 15 million EU citizens have moved to work or retire in another EU country.
Možnostprostega gibanja se je medtem razširila na iskalce zaposlitve, študente, upokojence, dejansko naskoraj vsakogar.Več kot 15 milijonov državljanov EU se je zaradi dela ali upokojitve preselilo v drugo državo EU.
For the last coupleof decades, the passports of all EU citizens have had the same wine-coloured cover.
Zadnji dve desetletji imajo potni listi vseh državljanov EU enake vinsko rdeče platnice.
The days when trainsstopped at the frontier while passports were checked are also a thing of the past.
Dnevi, ko so se vlaki ustavljali na mejah zaradi kontrole potnih listov, so prav tako stvar pre- teklosti.
Border checks have disappeared at most of the EU’s internal frontiers since 1985.
Mejne kontrole od leta 1985 ni več na večini notranjih meja EU.
Only the UK and Ireland still carryout these checks.
Samo Združeno kraljestvo
A start was made on introducing competition into what were traditionallymonopoly sectors, such as telecommunications, airlines, the railways, postalservices, gas and electricity.
Enotni trg monopolni, kot so telekomunikacije,letalski prevozi, železnice, poštnestoritve, plin in elektrika.
Putting the single market in placemeant passing more than 1 000 piecesof legislation in seven years.
Vzpostavitev enotnega trga je pomenila sprejetje več kot tisoč zakonodajnih aktov v sedmih letih.
The singlemarket replaced frontier checks ongoods with systems based on trust, andon checks before departure and onarrival.
Enotni trg je mejno kontrolo blaganadomestil s sistemi, ki temeljijo nazaupanju ter na kontroli pred odhodom in ob prihodu.
It promoted trust in other countries’ standards and different technologies.
Spodbujal jezaupanje v standarde drugih državin drugačne tehnologije.
These may differ in the detail,but what matters is that the product issafe, not exactly how the objective wasachieved. It broke down barriers thathad prevented service industries expanding across borders.
Ti se lahkorazlikujejo v podrobnostih, a pomembna je varnost proizvoda in nenačin, kako je bil ta cilj dosežen.Enotni trg je porušil ovire, ki so preprečevale širitev storitvenih podjetijpreko meja.
This process has continued since then.As a result, all barriers to competitionin the telecommunications industryhave disappeared.
Ta proces se od takrat nadaljuje. Posledica tega je, da ni več nobenihovir za konkurenco v sektorju telekomunikacij.
Most business customers and many households are freeto choose their gas and electricity supplier.
Večina podjetij in številna gospodinjstva lahko prosto izbirajo svojega dobavitelja plina inelektrike.
Restrictions which made it difficult for airlines to operate efficiently are being removed.
Odpravljajo se omejitve, kiso oteževale učinkovito poslovanjeletalskih prevoznikov.
The marketsfor business use of the railways andpostal services have been liberalised.Work has begun on opening up Europe’s port services to greater competition and on using Europe’sairspace more efficiently.
Liberaliziralasta se trga za poslovno rabo železniških in poštnih storitev. Evropskapristanišča se odpirajo večji konkurenci in evropski zračni prostor seuporablja bolj učinkovito.
All thisimproves choice and brings downprices.
Vse to izboljšuje izbiro in znižuje cene.
In creating the single market, majorsteps were taken towards ensuring thatall EU countries take a broadly similarapproach to company law, businessaccounting rules and intellectual property rules.
Z vzpostavitvijo enotnega trga so bili storjeni pomembni koraki k zagotavljanju v splošnem podobnegapristopa vseh držav EU glede pravadružb, računovodskih pravil za podjetja in pravil glede intelektualnelastnine.
This makes it easier forcompanies to operate throughout the EU and to run their businesses as efficiently as possible.
Podjetja tako laže delujejopo celi EU in bolj učinkovito poslujejo.
The remaining barriers to moving money across borders were progressively dismantled,whether it was for business investment,savings, study or holidays.
Postopoma so bile odstranjenepreostale ovire za gibanje kapitalaprek meja, bodisi za poslovne naložbe, prihranke, študij ali počitnice.
Keen competition and room to expandwithin the single market helps keep European companies among the worldleaders.
Ostra konkurenca in možnost širitveznotraj enotnega trga omogočata,da evropska podjetja ostajajo medvodilnimi na svetu.
Of the world’s 100 largest companies, 32 are from the EU.
Med sto največjimi podjetji na svetu jih je 32 iz EU.Prav tako prihaja iz EU 39 od 100največjih poslovnih bank na svetu in27 od 100 najbolj cenjenih blagovnih znamk.
So are 39of the world’s 100 largest commercialbanks and 27 of the 100 most valuablebrands.
Hkrati so se usmerile ktemu, da bi stranke povsod uživaleenako varstvo, ne glede na to, katero banko, zavarovatelja ali naložboizberejo.
•encouraged new inflows of foreigndirect investment from outside the EU;
6,9 odstotka BDP-ja EU v letu1992 na 11,2 odstotka v letu 2001;
The single market has been the key toreleasing large amounts of Europe’seconomic potential.
Enotni trg je bil ključ do sprostitvevelikega dela evropskega gospodarskega potenciala.
In the ten yearsbetween 1992 and 2002, the singlemarket added 1.8 percentage points to GDP growth in the EU as a whole.
V desetih letih,med letoma 1992 in 2002, je enotnitrg dodal 1,8 odstotne točke k rasti BDP v EU kot celoti.
Inaddition, the single market has:
Poleg tega jeenotni trg:
•made the EU more internationallycompetitive.For example, EU ex-portsto countries outside the EUincreased from 6.9% of EU GDP in1992 to 11.2% in 2001;
• bolj učinkovito porazdelil strokovna znanja, saj so ljudje izrabilimožnost zaposlitve v drugih državah EU;
•generated nearly 900 billion inextra prosperity _about 6 000 perhousehold – in its first ten years;
• v prvih desetih letih ustvaril skoraj900 milijard evrov dodatne blaginje, to je okrog 6 000 evrov na gospodinjstvo;
•allocated skills more efficiently aspeople have taken up the opportunityto work in other EU countries;
Razkorak med najvišjimiin najnižjimi cenami v EU semanjša, nekatere vrste blaga socenejše v absolutnem smislu.
•created some 2.5 million jobs in the EU since 1992.
• od leta 1992 v EU ustvaril 2,5 milijona delovnih mest.
These jobs would nothave existed without borders beingopened up;
Brez odprtjameja teh delovnih mest ne bi bilo;
•boosted purchasing power throughpressure on prices.
Prizadevanj je še več – na primer, zakrepitev enotnega trga storitev (kipomenijo 70 odstotkov evropskega BDP).
The gap betweenthe EU’s highest and lowest priceshas been narrowing; some goods arecheaper in absolute terms.
Enotni trg je delo v teku, kilahko v prihodnje prinese še več koristi.
•contributed to a 30% increase intrade in manufactured goods in the EU since 1992, thus increasing theselection of goods available andincreasing competition;
• od leta 1992 v EU prispeval k 30odstotnemu povečanju trgovine zindustrijskimi izdelki, s čimer se jerazširila izbira blaga in povečalakonkurenca;
Further efforts are under way – forexample to strengthen the single market in services (which account for 70%of EU GDP).
• ključni dejavnik pri pospeševanjutokov neposrednih naložb znotraj EU.
The single market is a workin progress, with the capacity to delivereven more benefits in the future.
Ti tokovi so bili leta 2000 dvanajstkrat večji kot leta 1992;
•been a key factor in boosting flows ofdirect investment within the EU.
• spodbudil pritok novih neposrednih tujih naložb iz držav zunaj EU;
These flows were 12 times greater in2000 than in 1992;
Na primer, izvoz EU vdržave zunaj EU se je povečal s
You have more choice thanksto the single market.
Večjo izbiro imamozahvaljujoč enotnemu trgu.
Well before the Single European Actwas drafted, economists were pointingout that member state economieswould have to behave more like eachother – a process known as convergence – if they were collectively torealise their full potential.
Že dolgo pred osnovanjem Enotnega evropskega akta so ekonomistipoudarjali, da se morajo gospodarstva držav članic bolj podobno obnašati – proces, znan kot konvergenca – če želijo skupaj uresničitisvoj polni potencial.
Economicand monetary union was seen as thedifficult but necessary and desirablenext step in continuing to move forward.
Ekonomska inmonetarna unija je veljala za težak,vendar potreben in želen naslednjikorak pri nadaljevanju poti naprej.
Over the next few years, a clear dividing line was drawn between thefinances of governments and centralbanks.
V naslednjih nekaj letih je bila potegnjena jasna ločnica med financami držav in centralnih bank.
Governments were no longerable to turn to central banks to printmoney to bail them out if they couldnot balance their budgets.
Državese niso mogle več zateči po pomočk centralnim bankam, da bi te natisnile denar in jih reševale, kadar jimne bi uspelo uravnotežiti svojih proračunov.
By 1994,the second stage of EMU had beenreached, with the creation of the European Monetary Institute (EMI), theforerunner of today’s European Central Bank (ECB).
Do leta 1994 je bila končana druga faza ekonomske in monetarne unije z ustanovitvijo Evropskega monetarnega inštituta(EMI), predhodnika današnje Evropske centralne banke (ECB).
In 1969, the EU set itself the objectiveof achieving economic and monetaryunion (EMU) by 1980.
Leta 1969 si je Evropska unija postavila cilj, da bo ekonomsko in monetarno unijo (EMU) udejanila do leta 1980.
However, thepath was not easy. The recessions ofthe 1970s held up work on EMU – andthe accompanying single currency –just as they stalled progress in otherareas.
Vendarle pot ni bila lahka.Recesije v 1970-ih so ustavile priprave na ekonomsko in monetarnounijo – in z njo povezano enotno valuto – kakor so tudi zavrle napredekna drugih področjih.
The process restarted in 1978with closer cooperation on exchangerates and was fully re-launched in1988, culminating in completion of thefirst of three stages of EMU in 1990.
Proces se jeponovno začel leta 1978 s tesnejšimsodelovanjem na področju menjalnih tečajev, bil v polnem zagonu leta 1988, vrhunec pa dosegel s sklenitvijo prve od treh faz ekonomskein monetarne unije leta 1990.
As part of this process, governmentspromised not to live beyond theirmeans and ceilings were placed on theamount of debt governments wereallowed to run up and on the size oftheir budget deficits.
V tem letu je Evropska unija na primer odstranila še zadnje obstoječeomejitve pri prenosu denarja iz enedržave v drugo, prenakazovanju denarja ali naložbah v drugo državo
In that year, for example, the EU liftedthe last remaining restrictions on taking money from one member state toanother, transferring money or investing in another EU country. No longerwould anyone have to fill in a form toobtain foreign currency to go on holiday or study in another country.
Kot del tega procesa so države obljubile, da ne bodo živele prek svojih zmožnosti, in določeni sta bilizgornja meja javnega dolga, ki so gadržave smele ustvariti, ter zgornjameja proračunskega primanjkljaja.Države EU so se dogovorile za sistem «večstranskega nadzora» alimonitoring, da bi bile pozorne napoložaj, ko bi odločitve ene državečlanice glede proračunske politikelahko negativno vplivale na gospodarstva drugih držav članic.
It was agreed in 1992 that five criteria would determine whether a member state was ready to adopt thesingle currency.
Leta 1992 je bilo dogovorjenih pet kriterijev pripravljenosti države članice na sprejetje enotne valute.
Collectively, they are known as the Maastricht criteria, after the city in which the treatywas signed that spells them out.
Znani so pod skupnim nazivom maastrichtski kriteriji, po mestu, kjer je bila podpisana pogodba, v kateri so ti kriteriji zapisani.
The criteria relate to:
Kriteriji se nanašajo na:
•price stability: the inflation rate should be no more than 1.5 percentage points above the rate for the three member states with the best inflation rate over the previous year;
• stabilnost cen: stopnja inflacije ne sme presegati stopnje v treh državah članicah z najnižjostopnjo inflacije v preteklem letu za več kot 1,5 odstotne točke;
•the budget deficit (the gap between governments’ revenue and expenditure):this must generally bebelow 3% of gross domestic product (GDP);
• proračunski primanjkljaj (razlika med državnimi prihodki in izdatki): ta mora praviloma znašatimanj kot tri odstotke bruto domačega proizvoda (BDP);
•debt: the limit was set at 60% of GDP, but a country with a higher debt-to-GDP ratio can neverthelessadopt the euro if its debt levels are falling steadily;
• javni dolg: meja je bila določena na 60 odstotkov BDP, vendar lahko država z višjim razmerjemdolga do BDP vseeno uvede evro, če raven njenega javnega dolga neprekinjeno upada;
•the long-term interest rate: this should not be more than two percentage points above the rate in thethree member states with the best inflation rate over the previous year;
• dolgoročno obrestno mero: ta ne sme za več kot dve odstotni točki presegati obrestne mere trehdržav članic z najnižjo stopnjo inflacije v preteklem letu;
•exchange rate stability: the exchange rate should have stayed within pre-defined fluctuation marginsfor two years.
• stabilnost deviznih tečajev: devizni tečaj je moral vsaj dve leti ostajati znotraj dogovorjenih meja nihanja.
These marginsare those of the European exchange rate mechanism, an optional systemfor member states which want to link their currency to the euro.
Te meje so meje evropskega mehanizma deviznih tečajev, neobveznega sistema zadržave članice, ki želijo svojo valuto vezati na evro.
EMU: the starting gun
Ekonomska in monetarna unija:startni strel
The newcomers are committed toadopting the euro, but cannot do sountil 2006 at the earliest because ofthe exchange rate criterion.
Novinke so se zavezale, da bodouvedle evro, vendar zaradi neizpolnjevanja kriterija deviznega tečaja tega ne morejo storiti pred letom2006.
The starting gun for full economic andmonetary union was fired on 1 January1999 with the launch of the euro in 11member states: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy,Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain.
Startni strel za celovito ekonomskoin monetarno unijo je bil izstreljen 1.januarja 1999 z uvedbo evra v 11državah članicah: Avstriji, Belgiji,Finski, Franciji, Irski, Italiji, Luksemburgu, Nemčiji, Nizozemski,Portugalski in Španiji.
Greece, which couldnot initially meet the Maastricht criteria, followed in 2001.
Grčija,kiprvotno ni uspela izpolniti maastrichtskih kriterijev, jim je sledila leta 2001.
The euro became the official currencyof participating countries from the datethey joined.
Evro je postal uradna valuta sodelujočih držav z dnem njihove vključitve.
But there were no notesand coins until 1 January 2002.
Vendar bankovcev in kovancevdo 1. januarja 2002 ni bilo.
Anyone paying in euro during that transitional period had to use a credit ordebit card or pay by bank transfer.
Kdor ježelel v tem prehodnem obdobju plačevati v evrih, je moral uporabiti kreditno ali debetno kartico oziromaplačati z bančnim nakazilom.
Soinitially the euro was to all intents andpurposes a ‘virtual’ currency, mainlyused for business rather than everydaytransactions.
Sprvaje bil evro tako kljub vsemu samo«virtualna» valuta, ki se je uporabljala predvsem pri poslovnih in manjpri vsakodnevnih transakcijah.
Three countries – Denmark, Swedenand the United Kingdom– decided tostay out of the first wave of euro membership.
Tri države – Danska, Švedska in Združeno kraljestvo– so se odločile, da ne bodo sodelovale v prvemvalu evro članstva.
If they eventually decide toadopt the euro, they too will have tocomply with the Maastricht criteria, aswill the new member states.
Če se bodo kasneje odločile za uvedbo evra, bodoprav tako morale izpolnjevati maastrichtske kriterije, enako tudi novedržave članice.
but only 12 use the euro;three others have chosen not to, at least for now;the ten newcomers will adopt the euro later.
Vse države EU sodelujejo v EMU, vendar jih samo 12 uporablja evro;ostale tri so se odločile, da ga ne bodo uporabljale, vsaj za zdaj;10 novih držav članic bo uvedlo evro, a kasneje.
For the names of these countries and territories, see the map at the end of this booklet.
Imena teh držav in teritorijev najdetena zemljevidu na koncu te knjižice.
The most obvious benefit of the euro is the convenience for travellers.
Evro še najbolj koristi poslovnemu svetu in popotnikom.
The hassle and costs of changingmoney have disappeared.
Pri poslih znotraj evro območja ni več ukvarjanja z nihanji v menjalnih tečajih.
The euro also makes it easier to compare prices.
Za popotnike ni več nadležnosti in stroškov zaradi menjavedenarja.
That is healthy for competition and good for consumers.
Evro omogoča tudi lažjo primerjavo cen.To je zdravo za konkurenco in dobro za potrošnike.
The reasons for introducing the euro are much more fundamental, however.
Vendar so razlogi za uvedbo evra veliko globlji.
The additional integrationwill bring long-term benefits in competition, growth and prosperity, by ensuring a low-inflation environment and enabling business to trade more efficiently.
Dodatno povezovanje bo prineslo dolgoročne koristi za konkurenco, rast in blaginjo, saj bo zagotovilo okolje z nizko inflacijo in omogočilo podjetjem bolj učinkovito trgovanje.
The cost of transferring money to do business in another country has come down and there is no needfor businesses to take out insurance or increase their profit margin to protect themselves against the risksof exchange rate fluctuations.
Znižali so se stroški prenosa denarja pri poslovanju v drugi državi in podjetjem ni več treba sklepati zavarovanj ali povečevati profitnih marž, da bi se zaščitila pred tveganji, ki jih prinašajo nihanja deviznih tečajev.