natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The EU will thus be more vulnerable to cuts in supply or price hikes caused by international crises.
EU bo tako bolj izpostavljena prekinitvam dobave ali dvigom cen, ki jih povzročijo mednarodne krize.
Another reason to reduce its consumption of fossil fuels is to reverse the process of global warming.
Dodaten razlog za znižanje porabe fosilnih goriv je zaustavitev globalnega segrevanja.
Its aim was for EU countries together to exploit nuclear energy for peaceful purposes.
V prihodnosti bo treba spodbujati inteligentno rabo energije, pospešeno razvijati alternativne vire energije (zlasti obnovljive vire energije v Evropi) in krepiti mednarodno sodelovanje.
As part of this, the Joint Research Centre (JRC) was created consisting of nine institutes at four locations: Ispra (Italy), Karlsruhe (Germany), Petten (the Netherlands) and Geel (Belgium).
Porabo energije bi do leta 2020 lahko zmanjšali za petino, če bi se porabniki začeli vesti drugače in če bi polno uporabljali tehnologije, ki izboljšujejo energetsko učinkovitost.
Various steps will have to be taken in future, such as saving energy by using it more intelligently, developing alternative energy sources (particularly renewable energy sources in Europe), and increasing international cooperation.
Zaradi pospešenega znanstvenega in tehnološkega napredka je moralo evropsko raziskovalno področje razširiti svoje dejavnosti, da bi pritegnilo znanstvenike in raziskovalce s karseda različnih področij.
Energy consumption could fall by one fifth by 2020 if consumers changed their behaviour and if technologies that improve energy efficiency were fully used.
EU je bila tako prisiljena poiskati nove načine nanciranja njihovega dela in uporabiti njihove iznajdbe na področju industrije.
However, as innovation gathered pace, European research had to diversify, bringing together as wide a variety of scientists and research workers as possible.
Evropska unija financira svojo politiko z letnim proračunom v višini več kot 120 milijard evrov.
The EU had to find new ways of funding their work and new industrial applications for their discoveries.
Proračun se financira iz tako imenovanih „lastnih sredstev“ EU, ki naj ne bi presegla 1,24 % skupnega bruto nacionalnega dohodka vseh držav članic.
Joint research at EU level is designed to complement national research programmes.
Skupne raziskave na ravni EU naj bi dopolnjevale nacionalne raziskovalne programe.
It focuses on projects that bring together a number of laboratories in several EU countries.
Osredotočene so na projekte, pri katerih sodelujejo številni laboratoriji v različnih državah EU.
It also supports fundamental research in fields such as controlled thermonuclear
Podpira tudi temeljne raziskave na področjih, kot je na primer nadzorovana termonuklearna fuzija (ki bo morda postala neizčrpen vir energije v 21. stoletju).
Europein12lessons
v jih o pa v 12 p og la r v E
Harnessing the planet’s natural sources of energy is one way of combating climate change.
Uporaba naravnih virov energije planeta je en način spopadanja s podnebnimi spremembami.
Under the 2007–13 financial perspective, the total budget for this period is €864.4 billion.
• carin za proizvode, uvožene iz držav zunaj EU, vključno s kmetijskimi prelevmani;
To fund its policies, the European Union has an annual budget of more than €120 billion.
• deleža davka na dodano vrednost za blago in storitve po vsej EU;
• customs duties on products imported from outside the EU, including farm levies;
Finančne perspektive pripravi Evropska komisija in zahtevajo soglasno odobritev držav članic ter pogajanja in sporazum z Evropskim parlamentom. Skupni proračun za finančno perspektivo 2007–2013 znaša 864,4 milijarde evrov.
• contributions from the member states in line with their respective wealth.
• prispevkov držav članic glede na njihovo premoženje.
• The single market is one of the European Union’s greatest achievements.
• Enotni trg je eden največjih dosežkov EU.
Restrictions between member countries on trade and free competition have gradually been eliminated, with the result that standards of living have increased.
Postopoma so bile odpraviljene ovire za trgovino in svobodno konkurenco med državami članicami, kar je prispevalo k izboljšanju življenjskega standarda.
• The single market has not yet become a single economic area.
• Enotni trg še ni postal enotno gospodarsko območje.
Some sectors of the economy (public services) are still subject to national laws.
Za nekatere gospodarske sektorje (javne storitve) še vedno veljajo nacionalni zakoni.
• The individual EU countries still largely have the responsibility for taxation and social welfare.
• Enotni trg podpira vrsta povezanih politik, ki jih je EU uveljavila skozi leta in ki pomagajo zagotavljati, da liberalizacija trga koristi čim več podjetjem in potrošnikom.
I. Achieving the 1993 objective a.
Doseganje cilja iz leta 1993
The enabling instrument for the single market was the Single European Act, which came into force in July 1987.
Oblikovanje enotnega trga je omogočil Enotni evropski akt, ki je začel veljati julija 1987.
Its provisions included:
Njegove določbe so vključevale: a) Meje skupnega trga
• extending the powers of the Community in some policy areas (social policy, research, environment);
• razširitev pooblastil Skupnosti na nekaterih področjih politike (socialna politika, raziskave, okolje);
Economic Community made it possible to abolish customs barriers within the Community and establish a common customs tariff to be applied to goods from nonEEC countries.
Pogodba o ustanovitvi Evropske gospodarske skupnosti je leta 1957 omogočila odpravo carinskih ovir znotraj Skupnosti in vzpostavitev skupne carinske tarife za blago iz vseh držav zunaj EGS.
This objective was achieved on 1 July 1968.
Ta cilj je bil dosežen 1. julija 1968.
• gradually establishing the single market over a period up to the end of 1992, by means of a vast legislative programme involving the adoption of hundreds of directives and regulations;
• postopno vzpostavitev enotnega trga do konca 1992 z obsežnim zakonodajnim programom, ki je vključeval sprejetje na stotine direktiv in uredb;
• making more frequent use of majority voting in the Council of Ministers.
• pogostejšo uporabo glasovanja s kvali -cirano večino v Svetu ministrov.
However, customs duties are only one aspect of protectionist barriers to crossborder trade.
Vendar so carinske dajatve samo ena od zaščitnih ovir za čezmejno trgovanje.
In the 1970s, other trade barriers hampered the complete achievement of the common market.
V 70. letih so popolno vzpostavitev skupnega trga onemogočale druge trgovinske ovire.
Technical norms, health and safety standards, national regulations on the right to practise certain professions and exchange controls all restricted the free movement of people, goods and capital.
Tehnični predpisi, varnostni in zdravstveni standardi, nacionalni predpisi o pravici do opravljanja določenih poklicev in devizne kontrole – vse to je omejevalo prost pretok ljudi, blaga in kapitala.
All border controls within the EU on goods have been abolished, together with customs controls on people.
Odpravljene so bile vse mejne kontrole v EU, skupaj s carinskimi kontrolami oseb.
Random spot checks by police (part of the fight against crime and drugs) still take place when necessary.
Policija po potrebi še vedno opravlja kontrole po naključnem izboru (v okviru boja proti kriminalu in drogam).
In June 1985, the Commission, under its then President, Jacques Delors, published a White Paper seeking to abolish, within seven years, all physical, technical and tax-related barriers to free movement within the Community.
Junija 1985 je Komisija pod vodstvom Jacquesa Delorsa objavila belo knjigo, na podlagi katere je želela v naslednjih sedmih letih odpraviti vse zične, tehnične in davčne ovire za prost pretok znotraj Skupnosti.
The aim was to stimulate industrial and commercial expansion within a large, unified economic area on a scale with the American market.
Cilj je bil spodbuditi industrijski in trgovinski raz-mah na velikem, poenotenem gospodarskem območju, primerljivem z ameriškim trgom.
Regardless of whether they are awarded by national, regional or local authorities, public contracts are now open to bidders from anywhere in the EU as a result of directives covering services, supplies and works in many sectors, including water, energy and telecommunications.
Zaradi direktiv, ki zajemajo storitve, dobavo in dela v številnih sektorjih, vključno z vodo, energijo in telekomunikacijami, so javna naročila ne glede na to, ali jih oddajo nacionalni, regionalni ali lokalni organi, zdaj odprta za ponudnike iz vse EU.
The Schengen Agreement, which was signed by a first group of EU countries in 1985 and later extended to others (although Ireland and the United Kingdom do not participate), governs police cooperation and a common asylum and immigration policy, so as to make it possible to completely abolish checks on persons at the EU’s internal borders (see Lesson 10: ‘Freedom, security and justice’).
Schengenski sporazum, ki ga je junija 1985 podpisala prva skupina držav EU, kasneje pa so se pridružile še druge (vendar ga Irska in Združeno kraljestvo nista podpisala), ureja sodelovanje policije ter skupno azilno politiko in politiko priseljevanja, tako da bi omogočil popolno odpravo kontrole oseb na notranjih mejah EU (glej poglavje 10: „Svobo-da, varnost in pravica“).
The countries which have joined since 2004 are gradually coming into line with the rules of the Schengen area.
Države, ki so se pridružile od leta 2004, se postopoma prilagajajo predpisom schengenskega območja.
Work in progress a. Financial services
Tekoče delo b) Tehnične ovire a) Finančne storitves
For the majority of products, EU countries have adopted the principle of mutual recognition of national rules.
Države EU so za večino izdelkov sprejele načelo vzajemnega priznavanja nacionalnih predpisov.
Any product legally manufactured and sold in one member state must be allowed to be placed on the market in all others.
Vsak izdelek, ki se zakonito izdeluje in prodaja v eni državi članici, mora biti mogoče tržiti v vseh drugih državah članicah.
The EU’s action plan to create an integrated market for financial services by 2005 has been completed.
Akcijski načrt EU o oblikovanju integriranega trga za finančne storitve do leta 2005 je dokončan.
This cuts the cost of borrowing for businesses and consumers, and will offer savers a wider range of investment products — savings plans and pension schemes — which they will be able to obtain from the European provider of their choice.
To znižuje stroške zadolževanja za podjetja in potrošnike, varčevalcem pa ponuja vrsto naložbenih proizvodov (varčevalne načrte in pokojninske sheme), pri katerih bodo lahko po lastni presoji izbirali med evropskimi ponudniki.
Bank charges for crossborder payments have been reduced.
Znižale so se bančne provizije za čezmejna plačila.
It has been possible to liberalise the services sector thanks to mutual recognition or coordination of national rules concerning access to or practice of certain professions (law, medicine, tourism, banking, insurance, etc.).
Zaradi vzajemnega priznavanja ali usklajevanja nacionalnih predpisov o dostopu do nekaterih poklicev ali njihovem opravljanju (pravo, medicina, turizem, bančništvo, zavarovanje itd.) je bila mogoča liberalizacija storitvenega sektorja.
Nevertheless, freedom of movement for persons is far from complete.
Kljub temu svoboda gibanja za ljudi še nikakor ni popolna.
Obstacles still hinder people from moving to another EU country or doing certain types of work there.
Še vedno obstajajo ovire, ki preprečujejo ljudem, da bi se preselili v drugo državo EU ali tam opravljali določene vrste del.
EU countries are often still reluctant to accept each other’s standards and norms or, on occasion, to recognise the equivalence of professional qualifications.
Države EU pogosto še vedno nerade sprejemajo standarde in merila drugih ali občasno nerade priznavajo enakovrednost poklicnih kvalifikacij.
The fragmented nature of national tax systems also hinders market integration and efficiency.
Razdrobljenost nacionalnih davčnih sistemov tudi ovira povezovanje in učinkovitost trga.
Action has been taken to improve worker mobility, and particularly to ensure that educational diplomas and job qualifications (for plumbers, carpenters, etc.) obtained in one EU country are recognised in all the others.
Sprejeti so bili ukrepi za izboljšanje mobilnosti delavcev in zlasti za zagotovitev, da se diplome in poklicne kvalifikacije (npr. za vodovodarje, mizarje itd.), pridobljene v eni državi EU, priznavajo v vseh drugih.
Protection is required to prevent piracy and counterfeiting of EU products.
Potrebna je zaščita, ki bi preprečila piratstvo in ponarejanje izdelkov iz EU.
The European Commission estimates that these crimes cost the EU thousands of jobs each year.
Evropska komisija ocenjuje, da ta kazniva dejanja EU vsako leto stanejo na tisoče delovnih mest.
This is why the Commission and national governments are working on extending copyright and patent protection.
Zato si Komisija in nacionalne vlade prizadevajo za povečanje zaščite avtorskih in patentnih pravic.
The opening of national services markets has brought down the price of national telephone calls to a fraction of what they were 10 years ago.
Zaradi odprtja nacionalnih storitvenih trgov so se cene nacionalnih telefonskih klicev znižale na zgolj delček višine cen, ki so veljale pred 10 leti.
Helped by new technology, the internet is being increasingly used for telephone calls.
Zaradi novih tehnologij se telefonski klici vse pogosteje opravljajo prek interneta.
Competitive pressure has led to significant falls in the price of budget airfares in Europe.
Zaradi konkurence so se tudi občutno znižale cene nizkocenovnih letalskih prevoznikov v Evropi.
The EU’s activities have targeted mainly the freedom to provide services in land transport, particularly free access to the international
Države članice in nekatere druge države (vključno s Švico) so podpisale sporazum o davkih na prihodke od nančnih naložb, ki je začel veljati julija 2005.
The EU’s robust competition policy dates from the Treaty of Rome.
Začetki trdne politike konkurence EU segajo v čas Rimskih pogodb.
It is the vital corollary to the rules on free trade within the European single market.
To je bistvena logična posledica predpisov o prosti trgovini na evropskem enotnem trgu.
This policy is implemented by the European Commission which, together with the Court of Justice, is responsible for ensuring that it is respected.
To politiko uresničuje Evropska komisija, ki je skupaj s Sodiščem Evropskih skupnosti odgovorna za njeno spoštovanje.
The reason for this policy is to prevent any agreement between businesses, any aid from public authorities or any unfair monopoly from distorting free competition within the single market.
Namen te politike je preprečiti, da bi kakršno koli dogovarjanje med podjetji, kakršna koli pomoč javnih organov ali kakršen koli nepošten monopol izkrivljal svobodno konkurenco na enotnem trgu.
The common air transport policy has to respond to the effects of worldwide competition.
Skupna politika zračnih prevozov se mora prilagajati svetovni konkurenci.
The skies over Europe are being liberalised in stages, with the result that there is greater scope for capacity-sharing between major airlines, reciprocal market access and the freedom to set fares.
Nebo nad Evropo se postopoma liberalizira, kar je privedlo do več možnosti za delitev kapacitet med večjimi letalskimi prevozniki, vzajemnega dostopa do trga in svobodnega določanja prevoznin.
This goes hand in hand with safeguard clauses so as to take account of airlines’ public service responsibilities and zoning requirements.
To gre v korak z zaščitnimi klavzulami, ki bodo upoštevale obveznosti javnih storitev letalskih družb in zahteve za coniranje.
Any agreement falling under the Treaty rules must be notified to the European Commission by the companies or bodies concerned.
Zadevne družbe ali organi morajo Evropski komisiji priglasiti vsak sporazum, za katerega veljajo določila Pogodbe.
The Commission may impose a fine directly on any companies which break its competition rules or fail to make the required notification.
Komisija lahko neposredno izreče globo vsem podjetjem, ki kršijo njena pravila konkurence ali ne opravijo zahtevane priglasitve.
In the event of illegal public aid, or failure to notify such aid, the Commission may demand that it be paid back by the recipient.
Komisija lahko v primeru nezakonite javne pomoči ali nepriglastive takšne pomoči od prejemnika zahteva, da jo vrne.
Any merger or takeover that could lead to a company having a dominant position in a particular sector must be notified to the Commission.
Vse združitve ali prevzemi, ki bi lahko privedli do prevladujočega položaja družbe v določenem sektorju, je treba priglasiti Komisiji.
Increased competition has driven airfares down and made travel easier.
Ostrejša konkurenca je znižala cene letalskih vozovnic in olajšala potovanje.
The EU’s consumer policy permits its citizens to shop in confidence in any member country.
Potrošniška politika EU njenim državljanom zagotavlja varno nakupovanje v vseh državah članicah.
All consumers benefit from the same high level of protection.
Vsi potrošniki enako uživajo visoko raven zaščite.
The products you buy and the food you eat are tested and checked to make sure they are as safe as can be.
Izdelki, ki jih kupujete, in hrana, ki jo uživate, so preskušeni in preverjeni, s čimer se zagotavlja njihova čimvečja varnost.
The EU acts to make sure you are not cheated by rogue traders and are not the victim of false or misleading advertising.
EU s svojimi ukrepi zagotavlja, da vas ne goljufajo sleparski trgovci in da niste žrtve lažnega ali zavajajočega oglaševanja.
Your rights are protected and you have access to redress wherever you are in the EU and whether you buy your goods in a shop, by mail-order or via the telephone and internet.
Povsod v EU, in ne glede na to, ali svoje blago kupite v trgovini, ga naročite po pošti, telefonu ali preko interneta, so vaše pravice zaščitene.
Shipping — whether carried out by European companies or by vessels flying the flag of nonEU countries — is subject to EU competition rules.
Za ladijski promet – ne glede na to, ali ga izvajajo evropske družbe ali plovila, ki plujejo pod zastavo držav, ki niso članice EU – veljajo pravila konkurence EU.
These rules are intended to combat unfair pricing practices (flags of convenience) and also to address the serious difficulties facing the shipbuilding industry in Europe.
Ta pravila so namenjena boju proti nepoštenem določanju cen (zastava države z nizkimi dajatvami za registracijo ladij) in tudi obravnavanju hudih težav, s katerimi se spopada ladjedelniška dejavnost v EU.
• The euro is the single currency of the European Union.
• Evro je enotna valuta v Evropski uniji.
Twelve of the then 15 countries adopted it for non-cash transactions from 1999 and for all payments in 2002 when euro notes and coins were issued.
Dvanajst od petnajstih držav ga je sprejelo za negotovinske transakcije od leta 1999 in za vsa plačila leta 2002, ko so bili izdani kovanci in bankovci evra.
• Three countries (Denmark, Sweden and the United Kingdom) did not participate in this monetary union.
• Tri države (Danska, Švedska in Združeno kraljestvo) se niso pridružile tej denarni uniji.
• The new member countries are getting ready to enter the euro area as soon as they fulfil the necessary criteria.
• Nove države članice se pripravljajo za vstop v območje evra, ki bo mogoč takoj, ko bodo izpolnile potrebna merila.
• In parallel with the objective of monetary stability, which is the responsibility of the European Central Bank, the member states are committed to higher growth and economic convergence.
• Vzporedno s ciljem denarne stabilnosti, za katerega je zadolžena Evropska centralna banka, so države članice zavezane višji rasti in gospodarski konvergenci.
The EMS had a chequered history.
EDS ima pisano zgodovino.
Following the reunification of Germany and renewed currency pressures within Europe, the Italian lira and pound sterling left the EMS in 1992.
Po združitvi Nemčije in novih valutnih pritiskih znotraj Evrope sta italijanska lira in britanski funt leta 1992 zapustila EDS.
In August 1993, the EMS countries decided to temporarily widen the bands to 15%.
Države EDS so se avgusta 1993 odločile za začasno razširitev območja nihanja na 15 %.
Meanwhile, to prevent wide currency fluctuations among EU currencies and to eliminate competitive devaluations, EU governments had decided to relaunch the drive to full monetary union and to introduce a single currency.
Medtem so se vlade EU odločile, da bodo poskusile preprečiti velika nihanja med valutami EU in odpraviti konkurenčne devalvacije z vnovično pobudo za polno denarno unijo in uvedbo enotne valute.
In 1971, the United States decided to abolish the fixed link between the dollar and the official price of gold, which had ensured global monetary stability after World War Two.
Združene države so se leta 1971 odločile ukiniti ksno povezavo med dolarjem in uradno ceno zlata, ki je zagotavljala svetovno denarno stabilnost po drugi svetovni vojni. To je bil konec sistema ksnih deviznih tečajev.
With a view to setting up their own monetary union, EU countries decided to prevent exchange fluctuations of more than 2.25% between the European currencies by means of concerted intervention on currency markets.
Države EU so želele vzpostaviti lastno denarno unijo, zato so se odločile, da bodo z usklajenimi ukrepi na deviznih trgih preprečile menjalna nihanja med evropskimi valutami, ki presegajo 2,25 %.
At the European Council in Madrid in June 1989, EU leaders adopted a three-stage plan for economic and monetary union.
Voditelji EU so na Evropskem svetu v Madridu junija 1989 sprejeli tristopenjski načrt za gospodarsko in denarno unijo.
This plan became part of the Maastricht Treaty on European Union adopted by the European Council in December 1991.
Ta načrt je bil pozneje vključen v Maastrichtsko pogodbo o Evropski uniji, ki jo je Evropski svet sprejel decembra 1991.
This led to the creation of the European monetary system (EMS) which came into operation in March 1979. It had three main features:
• referenčno valuto, imenovano eku: to je bila„košarica“, sestavljena iz valut vseh držav članic;
1990, involved:
Ekonomska in monetarna unija (EMU) a) Tri stopnje Prva stopnja, ki se je začela 1. julija 1990, je vključevala:
• an exchange rate mechanism: each currency had an exchange rate linked to the ecu; bilateral exchange rates were allowed to fluctuate within a band of 2.25%;
• mehanizem deviznih tečajev: vsaka valuta je imela devizni tečaj, vezan na eku; dovoljeno je bilo nihanje deviznih tečajev v območju 2,25 %;
• completely free movement of capital within the EU (abolition of exchange controls);
• popolnoma prost pretok kapitala znotraj EU (odprava deviznih kontrol);
• a credit mechanism: each country transferred 20% of its currency and gold reserves to a joint fund.
• kreditni mehanizem: vsaka država je prenesla 20 % svoje valute in zlatih rezerv v skupni sklad.
• increasing the amount of resources devoted to removing inequalities between European regions (structural funds);
• povečevanje sredstev, namenjenih odpravi neenakosti med evropskimi regijami (strukturni skladi);
Ljubljana’s market traders swapped the Slovenian tolar for the euro on 1 January 2007.
Prodajalci na ljubljanski tržnici so 1. januarja 2007 zamenjali slovenski tolar za evro.
• economic convergence, through multilateral surveillance of member states’ economic policies.
• gospodarska konvergenca preko večstranskega nadzora gospodarskih politik držav članic.
Euro notes and coins were issued on 1 January 2002 in these 12 euro area countries.National currencies were withdrawn from circulation two months later.
V teh dvanajstih državah območja evra so 1. januarja 2002 izdali bankovce in kovance evra. Dva meseca zatem so umaknili iz obtoka nacionalne valute.