natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
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THE LEADER APPROACH
PRISTOP LEADER
Photographs are the copyright of the European Commission unless otherwise indicated.
Avtorske pravice za fotografije ima Evropska komisija, razen če ni drugače navedeno.
PRINTED ON WHITE CHLORINE-FREE BLEACHED PAPER
TISKANO NA BELEM PAPIRJU, KI NE VSEBUJE KLORA am607260SL_int.indd 2
The Leader approach: a basic guide
Pristop Leader: osnovni vodnik njih sodelovati.
They may be administrators at national, regional or local level, farmers or other active members of the rural community — all have a potential role to play in Leader.
To so lahko administratorji na nacionalni, regionalni ali lokalni ravni, kmetje ali drugi dejavni člani podeželske skupnosti – vsi imajo možnosti, da sodelujejo v programu Leader.
This document introduces the Leader approach, explaining how it can work for the development of rural communities.
V tem dokumentu je predstavljen pristop Leader, razloženo je, kako lahko deluje za razvoj podeželskih skupnosti.
It also sets out some basic information about how it should be implemented at local level, as an integral part of the rural development policy of the European Union (EU).
Prav tako podaja osnovne informacije o tem, kako ga je treba izvajati na lokalni ravni kot sestavni del politike razvoja podeželja Evropske unije (EU).
Our aim is to explain to decision-makers and programme authorities, particularly in the newer and potential future Member States, what Leader is and how to put it into practice.
Naš cilj je razložiti nosilcem odločanja in organom, pristojnim za program, zlasti v novih in možnih bodočih državah članicah, kaj je Leader in kako ga uporabiti.
We also aim to show rural communities in the EU that the Leader approach can provide an opportunity for them to take the initiative, and to participate actively, in rural development programmes in their local area (and benefit from the nancial support that comes with this).
Prav tako želimo podeželskim skupnostim v EU pokazati, da lahko pristop Leader zagotovi priložnost zanje, da prevzamejo pobudo in aktivno sodelujejo v programih razvoja podeželja na njihovem lokalnem območju (ter imajo ugodnosti od nančne podpore, ki je del tega).
It includes: a description of the Leader concept;the key features of the Leader approach;
opis zamisli Leader;ključne značilnosti pristopa Leader;
• • • a basic explanation of how the Leader approach operates on the ground;
• • • temeljno razlago, kako pristop Leader deluje v vsakdanjem življenju;
This document is intended as an introductory, easy-to-read guide.
Namenjen je podeželski zainteresirani javnosti, ki ima željo sestaviti lokalne pobude za razvoj podeželja ali pri
It does not go into every aspect of the history of the Leader initiative, nor of the regulations and the administrative procedures associated with it.
Namen dokumenta je seznaniti javnost s programom, obenem pa naj bi bil uporaben tudi kot razumljiv vodnik.
Information on these aspects can be found elsewhere (some contact information is provided in this document).
Ne obravnava vseh zgodovinskih vidikov pobude Leader, niti ne vključuje uredb in upravnih postopkov v zvezi z njo.
• key contact points for additional information.
Informacije o tem je mogoče najti drugje (nekatere kontaktne informacije so navedene v tem dokumentu).
The Leader approach to rural development: what is it?
Pristop programa Leader k razvoju podeželja: opis pristopa
The seven key features of the Leader approach
Sedem ključnih značilnosti pristopa Leader
Implementing Leader at the local level
Izvajanje programa Leader na lokalni ravni
Leader in the future: mainstreaming
Leader v prihodnosti: vključevanje v programe
Contact points for further information
Kontaktne točke za dodatne informacije
across a much broader range of rural development activities than hitherto.
večjem obsegu in za več dejavnosti razvoja podeželja kot doslej.
Rural development policy is an increasingly important component of the common agricultural policy (CAP).
Politika razvoja podeželja je vse pomembnejši element Skupne kmetijske politike (SKP).
It promotes sustainable development in Europe’s rural areas addressing economic, social and environmental concerns.
Z obravnavanjem gospodarskih, družbenih in okoljskih težav spodbuja trajnostni razvoj podeželskih območij v Evropi.
Over half of the EU’s population lives in rural areas, which cover 90 % of the EU’s territory (1).
Več kot polovica prebivalstva Evropske unije živi na podeželju, ki zajema 90 % ozemlja EU (1).
Leader is an innovative approach within EU rural development policy.
Leader je inovativni pris- top v sklopu politike razvoja podeželja EU.
Leader encourages rural territories to explore new ways to become or to remain competitive, to make the most of their assets and to overcome the challenges they may face, such as an ageing population, poor levels of service provision, or a lack of employment opportunities.
Leader spodbuja podeželska območja, da raziščejo nove načine, kako bi postala ali ostala konkurenčna, kako bi najbolje izrabila svoje prednosti in odgovorila na izzive, s katerimi se morda srečujejo, kot so npr. staranje prebivalstva, nizka raven zagotavljanja storitev ali pomanjkanje možnosti zaposlovanja.
In this way, Leader contributes towards improving the quality of life in rural areas both for farm families and the wider rural population.
Na ta način Leader prispeva k izboljšanju kakovosti življenja na podeželju za kmečke družine in tudi širše podeželsko prebivalstvo.
It uses a holistic approach to address rural problems.
Za reševanje problemov uporablja celostni pristop.
It recognises, for example, that being competitive in the production of food, having an attractive environment and creating job opportunities for the local population are mutually supportive aspects of rural life, requiring specific skills, appropriate technologies and services that need to be tackled as a coherent package and with tailored policy measures.
Priznava na primer, da so za lokalno prebivalstvo konkurenčnost pri proizvodnji hrane, privlačno okolje in ustvarjanje možnosti za delo vzajemni podporni vidiki podeželskega življenja, ki zahtevajo specifična znanja, ustrezno tehnologijo in storitve, ki jih je treba obravnavati kot usklajen sveženj in s posebnimi političnimi ukrepi.
Since it was launched in 1991, the Leader initiative has been working to provide rural communities in the EU with a method for involving local partners in steering the future development of their area.
Pobuda Leader si je že od začetka leta 1991 prizadevala, da je podeželskim skupnostim v EU zagotavljala način za vključevanje lokalnih partnerjev v upravljanje prihodnjega razvoja njihovega območja.
The Leader approach has attracted a high level of interest within the EU and far beyond.
Pristop Leader je vzbudil veliko zanimanja po EU in izven nje.
It has been emulated beyond its own circle of beneficiaries.
Posnemali so ga tudi drugod.
The interest Leader has aroused has sometimes in uenced national, regional and local administrations and policies with its capacity to tackle development problems through new forms of partnerships and linking activities.
Leader je s svojo zmožnostjo reševanja razvojnih težav preko novih oblik partnerstev in dejavnosti povezovanja včasih vplival na nacionalne, regionalne in lokalne administratorje ter politike.
As its name suggests, it is a method of mobilising and delivering rural development in local rural communities, rather than a xed set of measures to be implemented.
Kot nakazuje že ime, je to bolj način združevanja in doseganja razvoja podeželja v lokalnih podeželskih skupnostih, kot pa stalni niz ukrepov, ki bi jih bilo treba izvajati.
Experience has shown that Leader can make a real difference to the daily lives of people in rural areas.
Izkušnje so pokazale, da lahko Leader resnično spremeni vsakodnevno življenje ljudi na podeželju.
It can play an important role in encouraging innovative responses to old and new rural problems, and becomes a sort of ‘laboratory’ for building local capabilities and for testing out new ways of meeting the needs of rural communities.
Lahko ima pomembno vlogo pri spodbujanju inovativnih odzivov na nove in stare probleme na podeželju ter postane vrsta „laboratorija“ za razvoj lokalnih zmogljivosti in preizkušanje novih načinov zadovoljevanja potreb lokalnih skupnosti.
It has generated valuable results in many rural areas in the EU-15 (3) Member States, and could play a significant role in assisting rural areas in new and future EU Member States to adapt to today’s changing realities.
Program je že obrodil dragocene rezultate na več podeželskih območjih v državah članicah EU-15 (3) in bi lahko imel poglavitno vlogo pri pomoči novim in bodočim državam članicam EU, da se prilagodijo na današnjo spremenljivo realnost.
Since its launch in 1991, Leader has provided rural communities in the EU with the tools to play an active role in shaping their own future.
Od svojega začetka v letu 1991 je Leader podeželskim skupnostim v EU priskrbel orodja, s katerimi lahko same dejansko pripomorejo k oblikovanju lastne prihodnosti.
It has evolved over time, together with the rest of the CAP.
Program se je skozi čas razvijal skupaj z ostalo SKP.
Information from evaluations and rural stakeholders indicates that the Leader approach is a tool that works well, in quite different situations and types of areas, thus adapting rural policy-making to the extreme diversity of rural areas’ needs.
Informacije ocenjevalcev in interesnih skupin kažejo, da je pristop Leader orodje, ki dobro deluje v zelo različnih situacijah in vrstah območij ter tako prilagaja politično odločanje podeželij izjemni raznolikosti potreb podeželskih območij.
For these reasons, it has now become an integral part of rural development policy.
Zaradi tega je sedaj postal sestavni del politike razvoja podeželja.
By encouraging local participation in the drawing up and implementation of sustainable development strategies, the Leader approach may prove to be a precious resource for future rural policy.
S spodbujanjem sodelovanja lokalne javnosti pri sestavi in izvajanju strategij trajnostnega razvoja se pristop Leader lahko izkaže za cenjen vir bodoče politike podeželja.
Leader complements other European and national programmes.
Leader dopolnjuje ostale evropske in nacionalne programe.
For example, Leader actions can activate and mobilise local resources, by supporting pre-development projects (such as diagnostic studies and feasibility studies or local capacity building) which will improve these areas’ ability to access and use not only Leader funds but also other sources for nancing their development (for ex -ample, wider EU and national rural and regional development programmes).
Ukrepi Leader lahko na primer aktivirajo in mobilizirajo lokalne vire s podporo predrazvojnih projektov (kot so diagnostične študije in študije izvedljivosti ali krepitev lokalnih zmogljivosti), ki bodo izboljšali možnost dostopa teh območij ne samo do sredstev iz programa Leader, pač pa tudi do drugih sredstev za nanciranje njihovega razvoja (npr. širši evropski nacionalni in regionalni razvojni programi).
Leader also assists sectors and categories of beneficiary which often receive no support, or only limited support, under other programmes operating in rural areas, such as cultural activities, enhancement of the natural environment, rehabilitation of architecture and heritage buildings, rural tourism, improving the links between producers and consumers, etc.
Leader prav tako v sklopu drugih programov za podeželska območja, kot so kulturne dejavnosti, izboljševanje naravnega okolja, rehabilitacija arhitekturne in kulturne dediščine, podeželski turizem, izboljšanje sodelovanja med pridelovalci in potrošniki itd., pomaga sektorjem in kategorijam upravičencev, ki pogosto ne prejemajo nobene podpore ali je pa ta omejena.
For the 2007–13 programming period, Leader will no longer be a separate programme but will be integrated (‘mainstreamed’) in all national/regional rural development programmes.
V programskem obdobju 2007–2013 Leader ne bo več poseben program, ampak bo vključen v vse nacionalne/regionalne programe za razvoj podeželja.
This opens up new possibilities for the Leader approach to be applied on a far wider scale and
To pa odpira nove možnosti, da se pristop Leader uporabi v veliko
Leader encourages socioeconomic players to work together, to produce goods and services that generate maximum added value in their local area.
Leader spodbuja socialno-ekonomske akterje, da sodelujejo in zagotavljajo blago ter storitve, ki ustvarjajo največjo dodano vrednost v njihovem lokalnem območju.
Leader was launched in 1991 with the aim of improving the development potential of rural areas by drawing on local initiative and skills, promoting the acquisition of know-how on local integrated development, and disseminating this know-how to other rural areas.
Leader je začel delovati leta 1991 s ciljem izboljšati razvojne možnosti podeželskih območij, in sicer s temelji na lokalni pobudi in znanju, spodbujanju pridobivanja znanja in izkušenj glede lokalnega razvoja in razširjanju tega znanja in izkušenj na ostala podeželska območja.
An area-based and bottom-up approach, involving local communities and adding value to local resources, gradually came to be seen as a new way of creating jobs and businesses in rural areas.
Pristop, ki temelji na območju in se izvaja od spodaj navzgor, vključuje lokalne skupnosti in dodaja vrednost lokalnim virom, je postopoma začel veljati za nov način ustvarjanja delovnih mest in podjetij na podeželju.
Leader began in an experimental way bringing together, at local level, various projects and ideas, stakeholders and resources.
Leader se je poskusno začel tako, da je na lokalni ravni združil razne projekte in zamisli, interesne skupine in vire.
It proved to be an ideal instrument for testing how to expand opportunities for rural areas.
Izkazalo se je, da je idealni instrument za preskušanje tega, kako razširiti priložnosti za podeželska območja.
(a) Leader is part of the EU’s wider rural development policy
a) Leader je del širše politike razvoja podeželja EU
The share of EU territory in which the Leader approach is being applied, the number of Leader groups and the level of funding allocated to Leader-type approaches have increased substantially since Leader was launched in 1991.
Del ozemlja EU, kjer se uporablja pristop Leader, število skupin Leader in stopnja nanciranja, ki je dodeljena za pristope tipa Leader, so se bistveno povečali od leta 1991, ko se je Leader začel.
Leader’s aims are in line with those of the EU’s overall rural development policy.
Cilji programa Leader so v skladu s splošno politiko EU glede razvoja podeželja.
The evolving CAP takes into account the diversity of rural areas and landscapes, rich local identities and the increasing value society puts on a high-quality natural environment.
Razvijajoča se SKP upošteva raznolikost podeželskih območij in pokrajin, bogato lokalno identiteto in vse večjo vrednost, ki jo družba daje visoko kakovostnemu naravnemu okolju.
These are acknowledged to be the major assets of the EU’s rural areas.
Priznava se, da so to glavne prednosti podeželskih območij EU.
(b) The Leader story
c) Politični okvir: od pilotne pobude do prevladujoče usmeritve b) Zgodba o programu Leader
Different rural development approaches tried out prior to the early 1990s were typically sectoral, focusing primarily on farmers and aiming to encourage structural change within agriculture.
Različni pristopi za razvoj podeželja, ki so se preizkusili v zgodnjih 90. letih so bili tipično sektorske narave, prvotno so se osredotočili na kmete in želeli spodbujati strukturne spremembe v kmetijstvu.
They used ‘top down’ approaches, with support schemes decided at national or regional level.
Uporabili so pristop „od zgoraj navzdol“, s podpornimi shemami, ki so bile določene na nacionalni ali regionalni ravni.
Local stakeholders were not always encouraged to acquire the skills to become the architects of the future of their own areas.
Lokalnih interesnih skupin se ni vedno spodbujalo, da bi si pridobile znanja in postale oblikovalke prihodnosti za svoja lastna območja.
In policy terms, Leader was introduced as a ‘Community initiative’ nanced under the EU Structural Funds.
V političnem smislu je bil Leader uveden kot „pobuda Skupnosti“ in nanciran iz strukturnih skladov EU.
There have been three generations of Leader: Leader I (1991–93), Leader II (1994–99) and Leader+ (2000–06).
Do sedaj so se zvrstile že tri generacije Leader: Leader I (1991–1993), Leader II (1994–1999) in Leader+ (2000–2006).
During this time, Member States and regions have had stand-alone Leader programmes with separate nancing set aside at EU level.
V tem času so države članice in regije imele samostojne programe Leader z ločenim nanciranjem na ravni EU.
From 2007 onwards, the Leader approach will be integrated (‘mainstreamed’) within overall EU rural development policy.
Z letom 2007 pa bo pristop Leader vključen v splošno politiko razvoja podeželja EU.
This means Leader will be included in national and regional general rural development programmes supported by the EU, alongside a range of other rural development axes.
To pomeni, da bo Leader vključen v nacionalne in regionalne splošne programe za razvoj podeželja, ki jih podpira EU, skupaj s številnimi drugimi osmi za razvoj podeželja.
Financing for the Leader axis from 2007 will come from within the overall nancial envelopes received by each Member State from the EU under the new European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) to support rural development.
Financiranje osi Leader se bo z letom 2007 izvajalo s splošnimi nančnimi prispevki, ki jih bo vsaka država članica prejela od EU v okviru novega Evropskega kmetijskega sklada za razvoj podeželja (EKSRP), ki bo podpiral razvoj podeželja.
Number of local action groups
Število lokalnih akcijskih skupin
EUR 442 million
442 milijonov EUR
EUR 1 755 million
1 755 milijonov EUR
EUR 2 105.1 million
2 105,1 milijona EUR
relevant public administrations and the necessary technical assistance for the transfer of good practice.
postopki, podpora ustreznih javnih uprav in potrebna tehnična pomoč za prenašanje dobre prakse.
The main concept behind the Leader approach is that, given the diversity of European rural areas, development strategies are more effective and efficient if decided and implemented at local level by local actors, accompanied by clear and transparent procedures, the support of the
Glavna zamisel pristopa Leader je ta, da so glede na raznolikost evropskega podeželskega območja razvojne strategije učinkovitejše, če o njih odločajo lokalni akterji na lokalni ravni, in jih spremljajo jasni ter transparentni
The difference between Leader and other more traditional rural policy measures is that it indicates ‘how’ to proceed rather than ‘what’ needs to be done.
Razlika med pristopom Leader in ostalimi običajnejšimi ukrepi politike podeželja je ta, da Leader kaže, „kako“ napredovati in ne „kaj“ je treba narediti.
Seven key features summarise the Leader approach.
Sedem ključnih značilnosti povzema pristop Leader.
They are described here separately, but it is important to consider them as a toolkit.
Tukaj so opisane vsaka posebej, toda treba jih je jemati kot sveženj.
Each feature complements and interacts positively with the others throughout the whole implementation process, with lasting effects on the dynamics of rural areas and their capacity to solve their own problems.
Vsaka značilnost se pozitivno dopolnjuje in povezuje z ostalimi skozi ves postopek izvajanja in ima trajne učinke na dinamiko podeželskih območij ter njihovo sposobnost reševanja lastnih problemov.
The seven key features explained
Sedem ključnih značilnosti Leader
Area-based local development strategies
Lokalne razvojne strategije, ki temeljijo na območju
Bottom-up elaboration andimplementation of strategies
Pristop od spodaj navzgor in izvajanje strategij
The Leader approach
Pristop Leader
Integrated and multisectoral actions
Integrirani in večsektorski ukrepi
Feature 1: Area-based local development strategies identification of major bottlenecks for sustainable development.
Inovacije tavljanje glavnih ozkih grl za trajnostni razvoj.
Area-based essentially means local.
Temeljiti na območju v bistvu pomeni biti lokalen.
An area-based approach takes a small, homogenous, socially cohesive territory, often characterised by common traditions, a local identity, a sense of belonging or common needs and expectations, as the target area for policy implementation.
Pristop, ki temelji na območju, jemlje za ciljno območje političnega izvajanja majhno, homogeno, družbeno povezano ozemlje, pogosto ga označujejo skupna tradicija, lokalna identiteta, občutek pripadnosti ali skupne potrebe ter pričakovanja.
Having such an area as a reference facilitates the recognition of local strengths and weaknesses, threats and opportunities, endogenous potential and the
Izbira takega področja za referenco omogoči prepoznavanje lokalnih močnih in šibkih točk, nevarnosti in priložnosti, endogenega potenciala in ugo-
This approach is likely to work better than other approaches because it allows actions to be tailored more precisely to suit real needs and local competitive advantage.
Ta pristop deluje bolje od drugih, ker omogoči, da so ukrepi specifičnejši in ustrezajo resničnim potrebam ter lokalnim konkurenčnim prednostim.
The area chosen must have sufficient coherence and critical mass in terms of human, nancial and economic resources to support a viable local development strategy.
Izbrano območje mora biti dovolj povezano in mora imeti dovolj kritične mase v smislu človeških, nančnih in ekonomskih virov, da lahko podpre uspešno lokalno razvojno strategijo.
It does not have to correspond to predefined administrative boundaries.
Ni pa potrebno, da ustreza vnaprej določenim upravnim mejam.
An area-based approach
Pristop, ki temelji na območju
Between 10 000 and 100 000 inhabitants
Med 10 000 in 100 000 prebivalci
Small size
Majhne velikosti
No predefined boundaries
Brez vnaprej določenih meja
Local area
Lokalno območje
Homogeneous and cohesive
Homogeno in povezano
Common traditions and identity
Skupna tradicija in identiteta
Shared needs and expectations
Skupne potrebe in pričakovanja
The de nition of a ‘local area’ is neither universal nor static.
Opredelitev „lokalnega območja“ ni niti univerzalna niti statična.
On the contrary, it evolves and changes with broader economic and social change, the role of farming, land management and environmental concerns, and general perceptions about rural areas.
Nasprotno, spreminja se z obsežnejšimi gospodarskimi in družbenimi spremembami, vlogo kmetovanja, upravljanjem zemljišč in okoljskimi problemi ter splošnim dojemanjem podeželskih območij.
The involvement of local actors includes the population at large, economic and social interest groups and representative public and private institutions.
Vključevanje lokalnih akterjev zajema tudi širše prebivalstvo, ekonomske in družbene interesne skupine, predstavnike javnosti in zasebne institucije.
Capacity building is an essential component of the bottom-up approach, involving:
Krepitev zmogljivosti je bistvena sestavina pristopa od spodaj navzgor in vključuje:
Feature 2: Bottom-up approach awareness raising, training, participation and mobilisation of the local population to identify the strengths and weakness of the area (analysis);
Druga značilnost: pristop od spodaj navzgor ozaveščanje, usposabljanje, sodelovanje in združevanje lokalnega prebivalstva, z namenom opredeliti močne in šibke točke območja (analiza);