natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Microbicides, substances that can prevent sexual transmission of HIV, represent one of the most promising areas of research currently being pursued by the European Commission.
Mikrobicidi, snovi, ki lahko preprečijo spolni prenos virusa HIV, predstavljajo enega od najbolj obetavnih področij raziskav, ki jih trenutno izvaja Evropska komisija.
Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the advanced form of infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), a condition that results in the progressive destruction of the body’s immune system and, eventually, death.
Sindrom pridobljene imunske pomanjkljivosti (AIDS) je oblika okužbe s človeškim virusom imunske pomanjkljivosti (HIV), stanje, ki v višjem stadiju vodi v progresivno uničenje telesnega imunskega sistema in v končni fazi v smrt.
Transmission of the virus can occur through sexual contact, blood transfusion, sharing of syringes and from mother to child during pregnancy, birth and breastfeeding.
Virus se lahko prenaša s spolnim aktom, krvno transfuzijo, izmenjavo igel ter z matere na otroka med nosečnostjo, porodom in dojenjem.
Research in this field is aimed at developing anti-HIV microbicides that are equally effective in preventing heterosexual and homosexual transmission of the virus.
AVIP je skupni evropski in afriški projekt, katerega namen je razviti cepivo, ki bi vsebovalo tako strukturne kot tudi regulatorne gene virusa HIV.
Self-administered topically applied microbicides would, in particular, empower women – who may have difficulties in negotiating the use of condoms with their sexual partners – to exert more control over their own HIV/AIDS destinies.
Tako cepivo bi imelo tako preventivne kot tudi terapevtske učinke, ki bi sprožili imunske odzive proti zgodnji ali kasnejši okužbi z virusom HIV.
AVIP is a joint European and African project aimed at developing a combined vaccine including both structural and regulatory HIV genes.
Raziskave na tem področju so usmerjene v razvoj anti-HIV mikrobicidov, ki so enako učinkoviti pri preprečevanju prenosa virusa tako pri heteroseksualnem kot tudi homoseksualnem spolnem odnosu.
Such a vaccine would provide both preventive and therapeutic effects, inducing immune responses against early and late HIV infection.
Mikrobicidna sredstva, ki jih lahko uporabniki sami nanesejo topično, bi omogočila zlasti ženskam - ki imajo morda pri soodločanju o uporabi kondomov s svojimi spolnimi partnerji težave - več nadzora nad okužbo s HIV/AIDS-om.
HIV/AIDS remains one of the most feared of all infections.
HIV/AIDS ostaja ena najbolj zastrašujočih okužb.
People with HIV may show no symptoms for up to ten years, but they can still transmit the virus to others.
Simptomi se lahko pri ljudeh, ki so okuženi z virusom HIV, pokažejo šele čez 10 let, vendar pa lahko kljub temu virus prenašajo na druge.
They are often discriminated against, on the one hand based on irrational fears of infection and, on the other, because the infection is wrongly seen as a consequence of promiscuity, homosexuality or drug addiction.
Velikokrat so zaradi svoje bolezni diskriminirani, po eni strani zaradi iracionalnega strahu pred okužbo, po drugi strani pa zaradi napačne predstave, da je okužba posledica promiskuitete, homoseksualnosti ali zasvojenosti z drogo.
This EU-funded project is developing new topical microbicides that block the entry of HIV at mucosal sites. The aim is to establish a pipeline of candidate microbicides from basic research through early human testing.
Ker je bolezen neozdravljiva, strokovnjaki na področju zdravstva po vsem svetu pozivajo ljudi k uporabi kondomov, ki so najbolj učinkovita zaščita pred okužbo z virusom HIV in prenosom.
To ensure a positive outcome, priority has been given to vaccine combinations containing single antigens that are already approved for human use and with proven efficacy in preclinical models.
Da bi zagotovili pozitiven izid, je pozornost posvečena kombinacijam cepiv s posameznimi antigeni, ki so že odobreni za uporabo pri ljudeh in so dokazano učinkoviti pri predkliničnih modelih.
The resulting compounds are to be tested in Europe and, ultimately, in those developing countries hardest hit by HIV/AIDS.
Rezultati bodo testirani v Evropi in v končni fazi tudi v tistih državah v razvoju, ki jih je HIV/AIDS najbolj prizadel.
The project also supports training, technology transfer and community involvement between the EU and these countries.
Projekt prav tako zajema usposabljanja, prenos tehnologije in sodelovanje skupnosti med EU in temi državami.
The first vaccine trials using human volunteers will start in 2006.
Prva poskusna cepljenja na prostovoljcih se bodo začela leta 2006.
HIV/AIDS has become one of the worst pandemics in history.
HIV/AIDS je postal ena najhujših pandemij v zgodovini človeštva.
Since the first AIDS cases were identified in 1981, 60 million people have been infected and over 20 million have died.
Od leta 1981, ko so diagnosticirali prve primere AIDS-a, se je okužilo 60 milijonov in umrlo več kot 20 milijonov ljudi.
Women of childbearing age are the most vulnerable to sexually transmitted HIV infection and comprise the majority of the 5 million new infections each year.
Ženske v rodni dobi so najbolj izpostavljene spolno prenosljivi okužbi z virusom HIV in predstavljajo večino od petih milijonov novih okužb vsako leto.
The virus affects the immune system, leaving victims defenceless and open to nerve degeneration, some types of cancer, and opportunistic infections, such as tuberculosis and pneumonia.
Virus prizadene imunski sistem in tako prepusti žrtve brez obrambe in ranljive za degeneracijo živcev, nekatere vrste raka ter okužbe, kot so na primer tuberkuloza in pljučnica.
MUVAPRED – Mucosal Vaccines for Poverty-Related Diseases
MUVAPRED – Sluznična cepiva za bolezni, povezane z revščino
Newly developed molecules will be screened for inhibition of specific viral proteins or viral receptors.
Pri novo razvitih molekulah bodo preverili zaviranje specifičnih virusnih beljakovin ali virusnih receptorjev.
Efficacy will be rigorously tested in vitro, and the most promising compounds will then be further developed.
Učinkovitost bo strogo testirana in vitro, najbolj obetavne sestavine pa bodo nadalje razvijali.
Particular emphasis will be placed on compounds demonstrating synergistic activity with products more advanced in the development process.
Največja pozornost bo posvečena spojinam, ki bodo imele sinergični učinek s pripravki, ki so v naprednih stopnjah razvoja.
The EMPRO project should also provide a rational basis for the design of future microbicides.
Projekt bo zagotovil tudi znanstveno osnovo za razvoj novih mikrobicidnih sredstev.
The HIV virus most typically enters the human body through the mucosal surfaces during sexual intercourse, infecting the local immune system.
Virus HIV običajno vstopi v človeško telo preko sluznice med spolnim aktom in tako okuži bližnje celice imunskega sistema.
Hence, the induction of a mucosal immune response would be an important first line of defence in preventing the spread of the infection.
Zato bi bilo spodbujanje imunskega odziva na sluznice pomembna prva obrambna linija pri preprečevanju širjenja okužbe.
Since the beginning of the epidemic, the European Union has supported HIV/AIDS research and health-related interventions.
Evropska unija je od začetka epidemije podpirala raziskave o HIV/AIDS-u ter z zdravstvom povezane ukrepe.
Under the Sixth Framework Programme for Research and Development (2002-2006), research on HIV/AIDS is a top priority for the European Union.
V sklopu Šestega okvirnega programa za raziskave in razvoj (2002-2006) predstavljajo raziskave o HIV/AIDS-u za Evropsko unijo najvišjo prioriteto.
The MUVAPRED project aims to develop mucosal vaccines against HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis, another important disease transmitted through mucosal surfaces.
Projekt MUVAPRED želi razviti sluznična cepiva proti HIV/AIDS-u in tuberkulozi, še eni pomembni bolezni, ki se prenaša preko sluzničnih površin.
Such vaccines can be administered via convenient mucosal routes, presenting many advantages when compared with injected vaccines.
Sluznična cepiva se lahko dajejo preko sluznic. V primerjavi s cepivi, ki se vbrizgajo, je ta način uporabe prikladnejši in ima številne druge prednosti.
The project is expected to provide candidate vaccines with proven safety and efficacy in humans, combining promising antigens and novel delivery systems.
Od projekta se pričakujejo kandidatna cepiva z dokazano varnostjo in učinkovitostjo pri človeku, ki vključujejo obetavne antigene in nove poti uporabe.
The first trials in humans will start at the end of 2005.
S prvimi poskusi na ljudeh bodo začeli konec leta 2005.
At present, the Commission is funding HIV/AIDS research on new drug treatments, microbicides, and vaccines through new collaborative efforts within Europe and with developing countries.
Trenutno Komisija v okviru novih prizadevanj o sodelovanju v Evropi in z državami v razvoju financira raziskave o HIV/AIDS-u, v okviru katerih preučujejo nova zdravila, mikrobicide in cepiva.
About €50 million are allocated each year to finance more than 300 academic and industrial research groups in Europe, including Eastern Countries, and Sub-Saharan Africa.
Vsako leto je okoli 50 milijonov evrov namenjenih za financiranje več kot 300 akademskih in industrijskih raziskovalnih skupin v Evropi, vključno z državami Vzhodne Evrope in podsaharske Afrike.
Building up steam: a single rail market
Pospešeno načrtovanje: enotni železniški trg
Funding for the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) is set to rise dramatically in view of the EU’s enlargement, and transport is one of its main thematic priorities.
Financiranje naslednjega Sedmega okvirnega programa (OP7) naj bi se v luči EU širitve dramatično povečalo in prevoz je ena od njegovih glavnih tematskih prioritet.
Beginning in 2007, the new FP7’s transport research goals include:
Raziskovalni cilji novega OP7, ki se bo začel leta 2007, zajemajo:
Europe has long benefited from a dense railway network and is the world leader in the supply of railway systems.
Evropa že dolgo časa uporablja gosto železniško mrežo in je vodilni svetovni ponudnik železniških sistemov.
Employing 1 million people in rail operations and another 250 000 in manufacturing, the European railway sector has a 60% share of the world market and an annual turnover of €95 billion.
Evropski sektor železniškega prometa ima z enim milijonom zaposlenih v železniških operacijah in s 250 000 v proizvodnji 60 % delež svetovnega trga in 95 milijard evrov letnega prometa.
• the greening of surface transport (reduction of environmental and noise pollution, clean and efficient power trains, use of alternative fuels for transport);
• «ozelenitev» kopenskega prometa (zmanjšanje onesnaževanja okolja in hrupa, čisti in učinkoviti električni vlaki, uporaba alternativnih goriv za promet);
• intermodal shifts and the decongestion of transport corridors (development of intermodal networks, information exchanges between vehicle/vessel and transport infrastructures);
• intermodalne preusmeritve in sproščanje prevoznih koridorjev (razvoj intermodalnih omrežij, izmenjava informacij med vozili/ladjami in prevoznimi infrastrukturami);
Though it spends some €2 billion on research each year, more investment is needed to modernise rolling stock, exploit new business techniques and create intelligent integrated logistics systems, such as roll-on/roll-off interfaces, for Europe’s road and waterborne sectors.
Čeprav nameni okoli 2 milijardi evrov za raziskave vsako leto, pa je več investicij potrebnih za posodobitev voznega parka, izrabo novih poslovnih tehnik in oblikovanje inteligenčnih integriranih logističnih sistemov (kot so na primer ro-ro vmesne stopnje) za evropske sektorje cestnega in vodnega prometa.
These are all targets of EU-funded research.
Vse to so cilji raziskav, financiranih s strani EU.
• sustainable urban mobility (new public transportation modes, integrated town planning and transport);
• trajnostna urbana mobilnost (novi načini javnega prevoza, integrirano mestno načrtovanje in prevoz);
• stronger competitiveness (component, vehicle and infrastructure technologies; cost-effective production systems and infrastructure construction; improved design processes).
• večja konkurenčnost (komponentna tehnologija in tehnologija vozil in infrastrukture; cenejši proizvodni sistemi in izgradnja infrastrukture; izboljšan postopek načrtovanja).
Rail transport offers a viable and competitive means of shifting more cargo traffic away from the continent’s crowded roads, thus improving traffic circulation and cutting vehicle-emitted pollution.
Taki projekti tehnološke odličnosti bodo vodili k čistejšemu, varnejšemu in bolj zanesljivemu prevoznemu okolju za evropske državljane.
The EU places particular emphasis on stimulating new investment in trans-European transport infrastructure such as rail, and its current Sixth and forthcoming Seventh Framework Programmes support research efforts to create new methods of interoperability, higher safety standards and the reduction of rail-related noise levels.
Okrepili bodo poslovanje in industrijo in tako pomagali EU pri doseganju ciljev lizbonske agende, ki poudarja ustvarjanje novih delovnih mest in ekonomsko rast.
The EU’s recently launched MODTRAIN project brings together, for the first time, all the main European rail system manufacturers, sub-system suppliers and rail operators.
Železniški prevoz ponuja izvedljiv in konkurenčen način preusmerjanja večjega dela tovornega prometa stran od preobremenjenih cest, s čimer se izboljša kroženje prometa in zmanjša onesnaževanje, ki ga povzročamo z vozili.
Working towards interoperability of national rolling-stock systems and sub-systems, MODTRAIN offers a radical approach to rolling-stock construction. Its goal of reducing the number of single components in a railway carriage from 1 200 to 120 parts and cutting construction time by more than 50% should give a huge boost to the sector’s competitiveness. www.modtrain.com
EU posveča posebno pozornost spodbujanju novih vlaganj v transevropsko prometno infrastrukturo, kot je recimo železniški promet, in prizadevanjem podpornih raziskav trenutnega Šestega in naslednjega Sedmega okvirnega programa z namenom, da oblikuje nove metode interoperabilnosti, višje varnostne standarde in zmanjša raven hrupa, ki ga povzročajo vlaki.
Such projects of technological excellence will lead to a cleaner, safer and more secure transport environment for Europe’s citizens.
EU projekt MODTRAIN, ki se je začel pred kratkim, prvič združuje vse glavne proizvajalce evropskih železniških sistemov, podsistemskih dobaviteljev in železniških prevoznikov.
And they will strengthen business and industry, thus helping the EU achieve its Lisbon Agenda goals of strong job creation and economic growth.
MODTRAIN se ukvarja z interoperabilnostjo nacionalnih sistemov in podsistemov voznih parkov in ponuja radikalen pristop k postavljanju voznih parkov.
Transporting society
Družba prevozništva
Down with road fatalities!
Trije načini + štirje izzivi = nov pristop
Three modes + four challenges = new approach
Biološko raznovrstni slepi potniki
Though most consumers do not realise it, maritime transport carries the bulk of the world’s goods.
Čeprav se večina potrošnikov ne zaveda, pomorski promet prevaža večino vseh svetovnih izdelkov.
It accounts for 90% of the external trade of the EU where the shipbuilding industry has an annual turnover of €20 billion and a workforce of 350 000.
Prispeva 90 % delež zunanje trgovine Evropske unije, kjer ima ladjedelništvo letni promet okoli 20 milijard evrov in 350 000 zaposlenih.
The three surface transport modes – road, rail and waterborne – are critical to driving Europe’s employment, prosperity and global exports.
Trije načini kopenskega prevoza – cestni, železniški, vodni – so ključnega pomena pri evropskem zaposlovanju, blaginji in globalnemu izvozu.
Aside from stimulating innovation and knowledge, technological advances in transport will have a positive impact on Europe economic and social integration.
Poleg spodbujanja inovativnosti in znanja bo imel tehnološki napredek pozitivni učinek na evropsko gospodarsko in socialno integracijo.
Europe’s road transport sector is huge.
Evropski sektor za cestni prevoz je ogromen.
More than 12 million jobs are linked to it, which contributes approximately €490 billion in turnover to Europe’s economy each year.
Več kot 12 milijonov delovnih mest je vezanih nanj, kar vsako leto prispeva približno 490 milijard evrov prihodka k evropskemu gospodarstvu.
The automotive sector alone spends some €19 billion each year on research and technological development, making it the largest private investor in RTD in Europe.
Samo avtomobilski sektor vsako leto porabi okoli 19 milijard evrov za raziskave in tehnološki razvoj, kar ga uvršča med največje zasebne vlagatelje v RTR v Evropi.
Like other industrialised regions in the world, Europe’s economy has grown in parallel with its expanding road transport sector.
Tako kot druge industrializirane regije na svetu je tudi evropsko gospodarstvo rastlo skladno s širitvijo sektorja cestnega prevoza.
But transport modes also raise major challenges for environment, society and research mainly due to an inexorable rise in transport demand.
Toda prevozni načini prav tako predstavljajo velikanski izziv za okolje, družbo in raziskave, predvsem zaradi vedno večjega povpraševanja po prevozu.
The EU has targeted four objectives in surface transport research to meet these challenges, namely to:
Da bi dosegla te izzive, je Evropska unija določila štiri cilje pri raziskovanju kopenskega prevoza, predvsem:
• improve the competitiveness of surface transport manufacturers, operators and infrastructure managers;
• izboljšati konkurenčnost izdelovalcev kopenskih prevoznih sredstev, prevoznikov in upravljavcev infrastrukture;
• improve the safety and security of transport operations and services;
• izboljšati varovanje in varnost prevoznih operacij in storitev;
Oil spillages and illegal discharges of waste and chemicals at sea are not the only threats to our oceans’ well-being.
Kljub temu, da je pomorski prevoz varnejši kot pred leti – zahvaljujoč uvedbi strogih nadzorov, ki so jih sprožile nekatere hude nesreče – še vedno obstaja možnost za izboljšavo, predvsem na področju načrtovanja ladij in varnostnih tehnik.
The mere movement of ships across the seven seas carries a risk of ‘infecting’ one eco-system with the organisms of another. The inadvertent transport of organisms in ballast water and on vessel hulls, for example, can have serious consequences for marine biodiversity.
Raziskovalni programi, sponzorirani s strani EU, močno spodbujajo cilje varnosti in varovanja vodnega prevoza kot tudi osnovna načela načrtovanja - in ne samo zunanje omejitve - za ladjedelničarje in prevoznike.
Current EU research is addressing this problem by exploring: • treatment of ballast water to remove bio-organisms;• response to marine accidents;• technologies for improved inspection, maintenance and repair;• new paints that do not affect sea life.
Z najsodobnejšimi raziskovalnimi orodji in analizami lahko dosežejo pravo ravnotežje med stroški, varnostjo in učinkovitostjo.
“Efficient transport is a fundamental condition for sustainable wealth and prosperity in Europe by providing it with essential resources and mobility.”
“Učinkovit prevoz je osnovni pogoj za trajnostno blaginjo in bogastvo v Evropi, saj zagotavlja nujne vire in mobilnost.”
“In this highly regulated sector, efficient knowledge sharing and pooling of resources is now critical.”
“V tem zelo nadzorovanem sektorju sta učinkovito znanje in zbiranje virov ključnega pomena.”
“Transport research leads to new products, processes and services, while creating a competitive edge for Europe in the global transport market place.
“Raziskave na področju prometa vodijo k novim izdelkom, postopkom in storitvam, hkrati pa na trgu globalnega prevozništva ustvarjajo konkurenčno prednost za Evropo.
Creation of the European Research Area (ERA) under the Sixth Framework Programme has led to a better pooling of dispersed resources and expertise, thus promoting more substantial and rewarding research initiatives.”
Oblikovanje Evropskega raziskovalnega prostora (ERP) v sklopu Šestega okvirnega programa je prispevalo k boljšemu združevanju razpršenih virov in strokovnega znanja in tako spodbujalo bolj trajnostne in uspešne raziskovalne pobude.”
Janez Potočnik - European Commissioner for Research
Janez Potočnik - Evropski komisar za znanost in raziskave
Road-related deaths are unacceptably high in Europe – a stark statistic that research aims to bring under control.
• zmanjšati vplive na okolje s strani prevozništva, vključno z emisijami in hrupom;
The EU-funded APROSYS project is developing technologies to improve the passive safety of four categories of road users: car occupants, pedestrians and pedal cyclists, motorcyclists and truck occupants.
Število smrti zaradi prometnih nesreč je v Evropi nesprejemljivo visoko – groba statistika, ki jo z raziskavami želijo obvladati.
To achieve this, APROSYS partners are developing new injury criteria and mathematical models of the human body, innovative crash-test dummies for side-impact testing of injuries to female occupants, and intelligent safety systems based on enhanced virtual testing technologies.
Projekt APROSYS, financiran s strani EU, razvija tehnologijo za izboljšavo pasivne varnosti štirih kategorij udeležencev v prometu: voznikov avtomobilov, pešcev in kolesarjev, motoristov in voznikov tovornjakov Da bi to dosegli, partnerji v projektu APROSYS razvijajo nove kriterije poškodb in matematične modele človeškega telesa, inovativne lutke za testne trke za preverjanje poškodb ženskih voznic pri bočnih trkih in inteligentne varnostne sisteme, ki temeljijo na okrepljeni virtualni testni tehnologiji.
The final goal?
Končni cilj?
To cut the EU’s annual 50 000 road-related fatalities by 15 000. http://www.aprosys.com
Zmanjšanje števila žrtev prometnih nesreč iz 50 000 letno na 15 000. www.aprosys.com
• reduce the environmental impact of transport, including emissions and noise;
Razlitja nafte in nezakonit izpust odpadkov in kemikalij v morje niso edine grožnje blagostanju naših oceanov.
But road transport also creates problems for human health, safety and mobility.
Toda cestni prevoz povzroča tudi zdravstvene in varnostne težave, kot tudi težave pri mobilnosti.
The EU’s road transport networks and city streets are severely congested, with traffic jams costing Europe 2% of GDP.
Evropska mreža cestnega prevoza in mestne ulice so zelo obremenjene in cestni zastoji stanejo Evropo 2 % BDP-ja.
Every year road accidents kill thousands.
Vsako leto umre v prometnih nesrečah tisoče ljudi.
Critical infrastructure such as bridges and tunnels are susceptible to terrorist attack and require new thinking about ways to protect them.
Kritične infrastrukture, kot so mostovi in tuneli, so občutljive točke terorističnih napadov in potrebujejo nov način varovanja.
Most pervasive of all is the problem of pollution.
Najbolj resen problem od vseh pa je onesnaževanje.
Trafficrelated emissions costs Europe 1.7% of GDP or €360 per year for every citizen, not to mention the public health costs of pollution-induced diseases.
Emisije, povezane s prometom, stanejo Evropo 1,7 % BDP-ja oziroma 360 evrov letno na vsakega državljana – da stroške javnega zdravstva zaradi bolezni, ki jih povzroči onesnaževanje, sploh ne omenjamo.
EU research projects also focus on more optimal waterborne mobility regarding navigation and logistics, and new measures to minimise maritime-related pollution and the devastating consequences of oil spills.
EU raziskovalni projekti prav tako posvečajo pozornost večji optimalni mobilnosti v vodnem prometu, v povezavi z navigacijo in logistiko, in novim ukrepom za zmanjševanje onesnaževanja in uničujočim posledicam razlitja nafte.