natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Turkey, a member of NATO, with a longstanding association agreement with the EU, applied for membership in 1987.
Turčija, članica Nata, ki ima že dolgo sklenjen pridružitveni sporazum z EU, je za članstvo zaprosila leta 1987.
Its geographical location and political history made the EU hesitate for a long time before replying positively to its application.
EU je zaradi njene geografske lege in politične zgodovine dolgo oklevala, preden je pozitivno odgovorila na njeno prošnjo.
However, in October 2005, the European Council opened accession negotiations with Turkey.
Evropski svet je oktobra 2005 vendarle odprl pogajanja o pristopu sTurčijo.
At the same time, it entered into negotiations with Croatia, another candidate country.
Obenem je EU začela pogajanja s Hrvaško, še eno državo kandidatko.
No date has yet been set for the entry into force of any future accession treaty for these two countries at the end of the membership negotiations.
Za ti državi še ni bil določen datum za začetek veljavnosti kakršne koli pogodbe o pristopu ob koncu pogajanj o članstvu.
This fifth enlargement of the EU had a political and moral dimension.
Tako je bila peta širitev EU pomembna v političnem in moralnem smislu.
It enabled countries — Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia — which are as European as the others, not just geographically but also in terms of culture, history and aspirations, to join the democratic European family.
Države, ki so se pridružile, torej Ciper, Češka, Estonija, Madžarska, Latvija, Litva, Malta, Poljska, Slovaška in Slovenija, so v celoti evropske, tako po zemljepisni legi kot po svoji kulturi, zgodovini in prizadevanjih. S pridružitvijo Evropski uniji so postale del družine evropskih demokratičnih držav.
They are now partners in the momentous project conceived by the EU’s founding fathers.
Zdaj so partnerice v velikemu načrtu, ki so ga zasnovali idejni očetje EU.
These countries, most of which were once part of Yugoslavia, are turning to the European Union to speed up their economic reconstruction, improve their mutual relations, which have been scarred by ethnic and religious wars, and consolidate their democratic institutions.
Te države, ki so večinoma pripadale nekdanji Jugoslaviji, stremijo k Evropski uniji, ker bi rade pospešile svojo gospodarsko obnovo, izboljšale medsebojne odnose, v katere so zarezale etnične in verske vojne, ter utrdile svoje demokratične ustanove.
The EU gave status as ‘candidate country’ to the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) in November 2005.
EU je novembra 2005 podelila status„države kandidatke“ Nekdanji jugoslovanski republiki Makedoniji.
Other potential candidates include Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia.
Med druge morebitne kandidatke se uvrščajo Albanija, Bosna in Hercegovina, Črna gora in Srbija.
Bulgaria and Romania became candidates in 1995.
Bolgarija in Romunija sta postali kandidatki leta 1995.
The process took longer for these two countries than for the other 10, but they joined the EU on 1 January 2007, bringing the number of EU countries to 27.
Postopek za ti dve državi je trajal dlje kot pri ostalih desetih, vendar sta se 1. januarja 2007 pridružili EU, ki zdaj šteje 27 držav..
Membership conditions a. Legal requirements
Pogoji za članstvo a) Zakonske zahteve
During the years of negotiation, candidate countries receive EU aid so as to make it easier for them to catch up economically.
V letih, ko potekajo pogajanja, države kandidatke prejemajo pomoč EU, da bi laže gospodarsko napredovale.
For the enlargement of the 10 countries in 2004, this involved a package of €41 billion aimed mainly at funding structural projects to allow the newcomers to fulfil the obligations of membership.
Za širitev z desetimi državami leta 2004 je bilo za pomoč namenjenih 41 milijard evrov, predvsem za nanci-ranje strukturnih projektov, ki bi novim članicam pomagali izpolniti obveznosti članstva.
European integration has always been a political and economic process that is open to all European countries prepared to sign up to the founding treaties and take on board the full body of EU law.
Evropsko združevanje je že od nekdaj politični in gospodarski postopek, odprt za vse evropske države, ki so pripravljene podpisati ustanovitvene pogodbe in prevzeti celotno zakonodajo EU.
According to Article 237 of the Treaty of Rome ‘any European state may apply to become a member of the Community’.
Člen 237 Rimske pogodbe pravi, da lahko „vsaka evropska država zaprosi za članstvo v Skupnosti“.
How large can the EU become?
Kako velika je lahko EU?
Article F of the Maastricht Treaty adds that the member states shall have ‘systems of government […] founded on the principles of democracy’.
Člen F Maastrichtske pogodbe dodaja, da imajo države članice „sisteme vladanja, […] temelječe na načelih demokracije“.
The debates concerning ratification of the EU’s Constitutional Treaty that took place in most member countries showed that many Europeans had a number of concerns about the final borders of the European Union and even about its identity.
Razprave o ratifikaciji Ustavne pogodbe EU, ki so potekale v večini držav članic, so pokazale, da ima veliko Evropejcev vrsto pomislekov o končnih mejah Evropske unije in celo o njeni identiteti.
There are no simple answers to these questions, particularly since each country views its geopolitical or
Na ta vprašanja ni mogoče odgovoriti enoznačno, zlasti zato, ker vsaka država drugače gleda na svoje geoplitične ali gospodarske interese. Baltske države in Poljska se
In 1993, following requests from the former communist countries to join the Union, the European Council laid down three criteria they should fulfil so as to become members.
Evropski svet je leta 1993, po prošnjah nekdanjih komunističnih držav, da bi se pridružile Uniji, določil tri merila, ki jih morajo izpolnjevati za članstvo.
By the time they join, new members must have:
Nove članice morajo pred pridružitvijo imeti:
• stable institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights and respect for and protection of minorities;
• stabilne institucije, ki lahko zagotavljajo demokracijo, pravno državo, spoštovanje človekovih pravic ter spoštovanje in zaščito manjšin;
• a functioning market economy and the capacity to cope with competitive pressure and market forces within the Union;
• delujoče tržno gospodarstvo in sposobnost, da prenesejo pritisk konkurence in se soočijo s tržnimi silami znotraj Unije;
• the ability to take on the obligations of membership, including support for the aims of the Union.
• sposobnost prevzema obveznosti, ki izhajajo iz članstva v EU, vključno s prizadevanji za cilje Unije.
They must have a public administration capable of applying and managing EU laws in practice.
Imeti morajo javno upravo, ki je sposobna uporabljati in izvrševati zakonodajo EU v praksi.
The ‘Pearl of the Adriatic’, Dubrovnik in Croatia.
„Biser Jadrana“, Dubrovnik na Hrvaškem.
The entry negotiations are carried out between each candidate country and the European Commission which represents the EU.
Med vsako državo kandidatko in Evropsko komisijo, ki zastopa EU, se opravijo pristopna pogajanja.
Once these are concluded, the decision to allow a new country to join the EU must be taken unanimously by the existing member states meeting in the Council.
Po koncu teh pogajanj morajo obstoječe države članice na zasedanju Sveta soglasno sprejeti odločitev, da se nova država lahko pridruži EU.
The European Parliament must give its assent through a positive vote by an absolute majority of its members.
Evropski parlament mora dati privolitev z absolutno večino svojih članov.
All accession treaties must then be ratified by the member states and the candidate countries in accordance with each country’s own constitutional procedures.
Nato morajo države članice in države kandidatke ratificirati vse pristopne pogodbe v skladu z lastnimi ustavnimi postopki.
The Baltic countries and Poland advocate EU membership for Ukraine.
zavzemajo za članstvo Ukrajine v EU.
The possible entry of Turkey will raise the question of the status of some countries in the Caucasus such as Georgia and Armenia.
Morebitni pristopTurčije bo sprožil vprašanje statusa nekaterih kavkaških držav, kot sta Gruzija in Armenija.
Despite fulfilling the membership conditions, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and Liechtenstein are not members of the European Union because public opinion in those countries is currently against joining.
Čeprav Islandija, Norveška, Švica in Lihtenštajn izpolnjujejo pogoje za članstvo, niso članice Evropske unije, saj javno mnenje v teh državah trenutno ni naklonjeno pridružitvi.
at the end of a negotiation process. The first such agreements were with Croatia and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM).
• EU je v okviru svoje sosedske politike sklenila trgovinske sporazume in sporazume o sodelovanju z državami nečlanicami v južnem Sredozemlju in južnem Kavkazu ter tudi z državami v vzhodni Evropi, katerih prihodnji odnos z Evropsko unijo ostaja nejasen.
Europein12lessons
o pa v 12 p og la r v E b) Administrativne omejitve
To go beyond this figure will require a new intergovernmental agreement on the relationships between the member states within the institutions.
Preseganje tega števila bi zahtevalo nov medvladni sporazum o odnosih med državami članicami znotraj institucij.
The ability of the Union to function in accordance with the fundamental principles of the Treaties (see Chapter 4: ‘How does the EU work?’) will be harder with more than 30 countries.
Z več kot 30 državami bo otežena sposobnost Unije, da deluje v skladu z osnovnimi načeli pogodb (glej poglavje 4: „Kako deluje EU?“).
The decision-making procedures would have to be thoroughly re-examined to avoid paralysis and allow the EU to retain the ability to act.
Treba bi bilo natančno preučiti postopke odločanja, da bi se izognili ohromitvi in da bi EU lahko ohranila svojo sposobnost delovanja.
Then there are sensitive issues like the use of the official languages.
Potem so tu še občutljiva vprašanja, kot je uporaba uradnih jezikov.
Bulgarian and Romanian membership brought the number of official languages to 23.
S članstvom Bolgarije in Romunije se je število uradnih jezikov povečalo na 23.
EU enlargement must not make ordinary people feel that their national or regional identities are being diluted within a standardised EU.
Širitev EU v evropskih državljanih ne sme vzbujati občutka, da se njihova nacionalna ali regionalna identiteta izgublja v standardizirani EU.
Candidates and non-candidates
Kandidatke in nekandidatke
The European Union has two parallel policies for handling its relations with neighbouring countries depending on whether they are on the current list of potential candidates or not.
Evropska unija pozna dve vzporedni politiki za urejanje svojih odnosov s sosednjimi državami glede na to, ali so na seznamu potencialnih kandidatk ali ne.
• Stabilisation and association agreements open up the possibility for a country to become a candidate for EU membership
• Stabilizacijsko-pridružitveni sporazumi odpirajo možnost, da država postane kandidatka za članstvo v EU ob koncu pogajanj.
• The Council of Ministers of the European Union, which represents the member states, is the EU’s main decision-taking body.
• Svet ministrov Evropske unije, ki zastopa države članice, je glavni organ odločanja v EU.
When it meets at Heads of State or Government level, it becomes the European Council whose role is to provide the EU with political impetus on key issues.
Ko se sestane na ravni voditeljev držav ali vlad, postane Evropski svet, ki ima vlogo zagotavljati Uniji politično spodbudo glede ključnih vprašanj.
• The European Parliament, which represents the people, shares legislative and budgetary power with the Council of the European Union.
• Evropski parlament, ki zastopa državljane, si deli zakonodajne in proračunske pristojnosti s Svetom Evropske unije.
The secondary legislation consists mainly of regulations, directives and recommendations adopted by the EU institutions.
Sestavljajo jo predvsem uredbe, direktive in priporočila, ki jih sprejmejo institucije EU.
The European Union is more than just a confederation of countries, but it is not a federal state.
Evropska unija je več kot zgolj konfederacija držav, ni pa federativna država.
It is, in fact, a new type of structure that does not fall into any traditional legal category.
Dejansko je to nova vrsta strukture in se ne ujema z nobeno tradicionalno pravno kategorijo.
Its political system is historically unique and has been constantly evolving over more than 50 years.
Politični sistem Unije je zgodovinsko edinstven in se je v zadnjih petdesetih let neprestano razvijal.
The Treaties (known as ‘primary’ legislation), are the basis for a large body of ‘secondary’ legislation which has a direct impact on the
Ti zakoni so tako kot tudi sicer politike EU nastali na podlagi odločitev, ki jih je sprejel institucionalni trikotnik, sestavljen iz Sveta (ki zastopa nacionalne vlade), Evropskega parlamenta (ki zastopa državljane) in Evropske komisije (politično neodvisni organ, ki zagovarja skupne evropske interese).
These laws, along with EU policies in general, are the result of decisions taken by the institutional triangle made up of the Council (representing national governments), the European Parliament (representing the people) and the European Commission (a body independent of EU governments that upholds the collective European interest).
Pogodbe (znane kot „primarna zakonodaja“) so podlaga za velik delež„sekundarne“ zakonodaje, ki neposredno vpliva na vsakdanjik a) Svet Evropske unije in Evropski svet
The Council of the European Union (also known as the Council of Ministers) is the EU’s main decision-making body.
Svet Evropske unije (imenovan tudi Svet ministrov) je glavni organ odločanja v EU.
The EU member states take it in turns to hold the Council Presidency for a six-month period.
Vsaka država EU prevzame predsedstvo Sveta za šest mesecev.
Every Council meeting is attended by one minister from each EU country.
Vsakega srečanja Sveta se udeleži po en minister iz posamezne države članice.
Which ministers attend a meeting depends on which topic is on the agenda: foreign affairs, agriculture, industry, transport, the environment, etc.
Kateri ministri se bodo udeležili posameznega srečanja, pa je odvisno od teme na dnevnem redu: zunanje zadeve, kmetijstvo, industrija, promet, okolje itd.
The Council has legislative power, which it shares with the European Parliament under the ‘co-decision procedure’.
Svet ima zakonodajne pristojnosti, ki si jih deli z Evropskim parlamentom v tako imenovanem „postopku soodločanja“.
In addition to this, the Council and the Parliament share equal responsibility for adopting the EU budget.
Poleg tega si Svet in Parlament delita odgovornost za sprejemanje proračuna EU.
The Council also concludes international agreements that have been negotiated by the Commission.
Svet je obenem odgovoren za sklepanje mednarodnih sporazumov, o katerih se pogaja Komisija.
The European Parliament: his vote is your voice.
Evropski parlament: njegov glas je vaš glas.
Number of votes for each country in the Council
Število glasov za vsako državo v Svetu
Germany, France, Italy and the United Kingdom Spain and Poland Romania Netherlands Belgium, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary and Portugal Austria, Bulgaria and Sweden Denmark, Ireland, Lithuania, Slovakia and Finland Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Luxembourg and Slovenia Malta
Nemčija, Francija, Italija in Združeno kraljestvo Španija in Poljska Romunija Nizozemska Belgija, Češka, Grčija, Madžarska in Portugalska Avstrija, Bolgarija in Švedska Danska, Irska, Litva, Slovaška in Finska Estonija, Ciper, Latvija, Luksemburg in Slovenija Malta
A minimum of 255 votes out of 345 (73.9%) is required to reach a qualified majority.
Za kvalificirano večino je treba doseči najmanj 255 od 345 glasov (73,9 %).
• a majority of member states (in some cases two thirds) must approve the decision, and• any member state may ask for confirmation that the votes cast in favour represent at least 62% of the EU’s total population ters meeting in the Council of the European Union fail to agree.
• mora odločitev odobriti večina držav članic (v nekaterih primerih dve tretjini držav) in• katera koli država članica lahko zahteva potrditev, da število glasov za predstavlja najmanj 62 % celotnega prebivalstva EU.
According to the Treaties, the Council has to take its decisions either by a simple majority vote, a ‘qualified majority’ vote or unanimously, depending on the subject to be decided.
V skladu s pogodbami Svet odloča z večinskim glasovanjem, „kvalificirano večino“ ali soglasno, odvisno od teme, o kateri se odloča.
The European Council also deals with pressing international issues through the common foreign and security policy (CFSP), which is intended to allow the EU to speak with one voice on diplomatic questions.
Poleg tega v okviru skupne zunanje in varnostne politike (SZVP), ki je namenjena temu, da bi EU lahko enotno govorila o diplomatskih vprašanjih, obravnava pereča mednarodna vprašanja.
The Council has to agree unanimously on important questions such as amending the Treaties, launching a new common policy or allowing a new country to join the Union.
Ko se odloča o pomembnejših vprašanjih, kot na primer o spremembah pogodb, uvedbi nove skupne politike ali dajanju soglasja o pridružitvi nove članice k Uniji, mora biti odločitev Sveta soglasna.
It exercises political supervision over the EU’s activities and takes part in the legislative process.
Izvaja politični nadzor nad dejavnostmi EU in sodeluje v zakonodajnem procesu.
Since 1979, members of the European Parliament (MEPs) have been directly elected, by universal suffrage, every five years.
Od leta 1979 so vsakih pet let člani Evropskega parlamenta izvoljeni neposredno na splošnih volitvah.
In most other cases, qualified majority voting is used.
V večini drugih primerov je potrebno glasovanje s kvalificirano večino.
This means that a Council decision is adopted if a specified minimum number of votes are cast in its favour.
To pomeni, da se odločitev Sveta sprejme, če je določeno minimalno število glasov v prid tej odločitvi.
The number of votes allocated to each EU country roughly reflects the size of its population.
Število glasov, ki jih ima na voljo posamezna država EU, je v grobem sorazmerno s številom njenega prebivalstva.
The European Council meets, in principle, four times a year.
Evropski svet se načeloma sestane štirikrat na leto.
It is chaired by the president or prime minister of the country holding the presidency of the Council of the European Union at the time.
Vodi pa ga predsednik države oziroma vlade države članice, ki trenutno predseduje Svetu Evropske unije.
The President of the European Commission attends as a full member.
Sestankov se kot polnopravni član udeležuje tudi predsednik Evropske komisije.
Under the Treaty of Maastricht, the European Council officially became an initiator of the Union’s major policies and was empowered to settle difficult issues on which minis-
Z Maastrichtstko pogodbo je Evropski svet uradno postal pobudnik glavnih politik Unije, hkrati pa je bil pooblaščen, da zgladi ne-
Number of seats in the European Parliament per country 2007–09
Število sedežev v Evropskem parlamentu na državo, 2007–2009 v jih
The European Parliament normally holds its plenary sessions in Strasbourg and any additional sessions in Brussels.
Ponavadi potekajo plenarna zasedanja Evropskega parlamenta v Strasbourgu, vsa dodatna zasedanja pa v Bruslju.
It has 20 committees which do the preparatory work for plenary sessions, and a number of political groups that usually meet in Brussels.
Sestavljen je iz 20 odborov, ki so zadolženi za pripravljalno delo pred plenarnimi zasedanji, ter raznih političnih skupin, ki se v glavnem srečujejo v Bruslju.
The General Secretariat is based in Luxembourg and Brussels.
Generalni sekretariat ima sedež v Luxembourgu in Bruslju.
Europein12lessons
Parlament sodeluje v zakonodajnem delu EU na treh ravneh: o pa v 12 p og la v rE
• Under the ‘cooperation’ procedure, introduced by the Single European Act in 1987, the European Parliament can give its opinion on draft directives and regulations proposed by the European Commission, which is asked to amend its proposals to take account of Parliament’s position.
• V okviru postopka „sodelovanja“, ki je bil uveden leta 1986 z Enotnim evropskim aktom, lahko Evropski parlament poda svoje mnenje o osnutkih direktiv in uredb, ki jih predloži Evropska komisija, in ta mora na podlagi tega mnenja osnutke tudi spremeniti.
• Since 1987, there has also been the ‘assent’ procedure, under which the European Parliament must give its assent to international agreements negotiated by the Commission and to any proposed enlargement of the European Union.
• Od leta 1987 obstaja tudi postopek „soglasja“, po katerem mora Evropski parlament dati privolitev za mednarodne sporazume, o katerih se je pogajala Komisija, in za kateri koli predlog o širitvi Evropske unije.
Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom
Avstrija Belgija Bolgarija Ciper Češka Danska Estonija Finska Francija Grčija Irska Italija Latvija Litva Luksemburg Madžarska Malta Nemčija Nizozemska Poljska Portugalska Romunija Slovaška Slovenija Španija Švedska Združeno kraljestvo
• The 1992 Treaty of Maastricht introduced the ‘co-decision’ procedure, which puts the Parliament on an equal footing with the Council when legislating on a whole series of important issues including the free movement of workers, the internal market, education, research, the environment, trans-
• Maastrichtska pogodba je leta 1992 uvedla postopek „soodločanja“, ki postavlja Parlament in Svet v enakopraven položaj, ko gre za sprejemanje zakonodaje, ki zadeva številna pomembna vprašanja, med katera sodijo prosti pretok delovne sile, notranji trg, izobraževanje, raziskave, okolje, vseevropska omrežja, zdravstveno varstvo, kultura, varstvo potrošnikov itd. Evropski parlament ima pravico
The political groups in the European Parliament
Politične skupine v Evropskem parlamentu
Total : 785
Skupaj: 785
Situation in October 2006
Stanje oktobra 2006
The European Parliament has the power to throw out proposed legislation in these fields if an absolute majority of members of Parliament vote against the Council’s ‘common position’.
zavrniti predlagano zakonodajo, ki se nanaša na katero od teh področij, če se absolutna večina njegovih članov odloči, da bo glasovala proti „skupnemu stališču“ Sveta.
The Treaty has made provision for a conciliation procedure.
Pogodba predvideva tudi spravni postopek.
which means that it must not take instructions from any national EU government.
Komisija v vlogi izvršilnega organa EU izvaja odločitve Sveta, na primer tistih v zvezi s skupno kmetijsko politiko.
As ‘Guardian of the Treaties’, it has to ensure that the regulations and directives adopted by the Council and Parliament are being implemented in the member states.
Komisija je v veliki meri odgovorna za upravljanje skupnih politik EU, kot na primer politike na področju raziskav in tehnologije, čezmorske pomoči, regionalnega razvoja itd.
As the EU’s executive arm, the Commission implements the decisions taken by the Council in areas such as the common agricultural policy.
Komisiji pomaga javna služba, ki jo sestavlja 36 generalnih direktoratov (GD) in služb, od katerih ima večina sedež v Bruslju in Luxembourgu.
The European Parliament also shares, with the Council, equal responsibility for adopting the EU budget.
Evropski parlament in Svet sta enako odgovorna za sprejemanje proračuna EU.
The Parliament can reject the proposed budget, and it has already done so on several occasions.
Parlament lahko predlog proračuna tudi zavrne in to se je nekajkrat že zgodilo.
When this happens, the entire budget procedure has to be re-started.
Če pride do tega, je treba ponovno začeti celotni proračunski postopek.