natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
possibly a new target,for the subsequent period.Theseplans could be accompanied by a peer review processat Community level through a high level group onenergy efficiency,as well as the Sustainable Energy Forum,followed by an annual benchmarking by the Commission.This review and benchmarking processwould compare best practices with a view to theirbecoming widespread across the Community.
Skupine za energetsko učinkovitost na visoki ravni ter Foruma za trajnostno energijo, ki bi mu sledila letna primerjalna analiza Komisije. Ta postopek pregleda in primerjalne analize bi primerjal najboljše prakse z namenom, da bi se razširile v Skupnosti.
1.1.4.Better use of taxation
registracijo kot v davkih, ki se odmerijo, ko gre avtomobil prvič na cesto.
Further opportunities need to be analysed with a viewto strengthening the positive impact of taxation ofpolicies in favour of greater energy efficiency.In thatcontext,the debate could focus on ideas such as:
Nadaljnje priložnosti je treba analizirati zaradi krepitve pozitivnega vpliva obdavčenja politik v korist večje energetske učinkovitosti. V tej zvezi bi se razprava lahko osredotočila na ideje, kot so:
• concentrating efforts as regards excise taxes on a fewessential political areas (for instance,harmonise rateswhere substantial problems involving distortion ofcompetition arise,use differentiated tax measures inorder to promote renewables);
• osredotočenje naporov glede trošarin na nekaj bistvenih političnih področij (na primer uskladitev stopenj, kjer se pojavljajo večje težave, ki vključujejo izkrivljanje konkurence, uporaba diferenciranih davčnih ukrepov z namenom spodbujati obnovljive vire);
• bringing excise rates on energy products andelectricity consumed in production activities closertogether,but at the higher end of the scale,andintroduce automatic indexing of all excise rates inorder to avoid erosion by inflation;
• približati stopnje trošarin za energente in električno energijo, porabljeno v proizvodnih dejavnostih, vendar na zgornjem delu lestvice, ¡n uvesti avtomatično indeksiranje vseh trošarinskih stopenj, da zaradi inflacije ne pride do erozije;
• the tax treatment of transport,both as regardsexcises and VAT;
EU bi lahko bolj kot sedaj spodbujala davčne ukrepe, ki bodisi spodbujajo nekatere oblike obnašanja bodisi odvračajo od njih.
the conditions for application of border tradeadjustments;
• davčno obravnavanje prevoza, tako glede trošarine kot DDV;
• the tax treatment of inputs for heat production,inparticular for large housing developments;
• pogoji za uporabo prilagoditev mejne trgovine;
• rationalising tax exemptions and exceptions.
Za obdavčevanje energentov v obliki dajatev je pristojna EU.
The taxation of energy products,in the form of duties,falls under EU competence.This tool could be used tomove towards harmonising tax regimes,forexample for supporting development of vehiclesthat use cleaner fuels and that are more energyefficient.
• davčno obravnavanje vložkov za proizvodnjo toplote, zlasti za velike stanovanjske izgradnje;
In 2002,the Commission presented a communicationon vehicle taxation (10) containing a number ofrecommendations and future actions.On this basis,the Commission considers a proposal centring on twomajor objectives:
Leta 2002 je Komisija predložila Sporočilo o obdavčitvi vozil (10), ki vsebuje številna priporočila
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1.1.5- Bolje ciljno usmerjena državna pomoč
Cars are just one example among many which couldbe mentioned.In general,the Commission is seeking topromote ‘green’public procurement and to stimulate European public purchasers (at federal orregional/local levels) to include environmental criteriain their contracting (12).Purchasing by all publicauthorities should be concerned,by nationalauthorities but also European institutions,because thelatter should point the way by example and open upnew markets for products which use less energy.
Na splošno si Komisija prizadeva spodbujati „zelena" javna naročila in evropske javne kupce (na zvezni ali regionalni/lokalni ravni) spodbuja, da v sklepanje pogodb vključijo okoljska merila (12). Vključeni bi morali biti nakupi vseh organov oblasti, tako državnih oblasti kot evropskih institucij, ki bi z zgledom morale pokazati pot in odpreti nove trge za izdelke, ki porabijo manj energije.
State aid in favour of energy efficiency is approved bythe Commission in accordance with the Communityguidelines on State aid for environmental protection.The current ones expire at the end of 2007.The revision of these guidelines,for whichpreparatory work must begin during 2005,will bethe opportunity to put more stress on measuresdesigned to encourage ecoinnovation andproductivity gains resulting from increased energyefficiency.
Sedanja se izteče konec leta 2007. Revizija teh smernic, ki jo je treba začeti pripravljati v letu 2005, bo priložnost, da se bolj poudarijo ukrepi, katerih namen je spodbujati ekološko inovativnost in večjo produktivnost kot posledico večje energetske učinkovitosti.
This revision could also be the occasion to provide anexemption to notifying aid below a certain level,whichwould give a wider margin for manoeuvre to Member States to finance energyefficiency measures.
Ta revizija bi bila lahko tudi priložnost, da se predvidi izjema za uradno obveščanje o pomoči pod določeno ravnijo, kar bi državam članicam omogočilo širši manevrski prostor za financiranje ukrepov glede energetske učinkovitosti.
Many technologies exist for improving energyefficiency.The problem is that,for some of new energyefficient technologies,the market is not significantenough to allow offsetting a greater development andproduction cost through increased numbers of sales.
Za izboljšanje energetske učinkovitosti obstaja veliko tehnologij. Težava je, da za nekatere nove energetsko učinkovite tehnologije trg ni dovolj velik, da bi omogočal izravnavo večjih razvojnih in proizvodnih stroškov prek večje prodaje.
For the EU cohesion policy in the forthcomingprogramming period 2007–13,the Commission hassuggested that the increased energy efficiency and thepromotion of clean urban transport should constituteexplicit targets for the activity of the European Regional Development Fund in both the convergenceregions and in the regions that are runningprogrammes for regional competitiveness.
Komisija je za kohezijsko politiko EU v naslednjem programskem obdobju 2007-13 predlagala, da bi povečana energetska učinkovitost in spodbujanje čistega mestnega prevoza morala predstavljati jasne cilje za dejavnost Evropskega sklada za regionalni razvoj tako v konvergenčnih regijah kot v regijah, kjer potekajo programi za regijsko konkurenčnost.
Furthermore,the Commission has suggested openingup the Cohesion Fund in the current programmingperiod,which originally was to be used only fortransport and environmental projects,to other areas ofimportance such as sustainable development andenvironmental benefits,which would include energy
Komisa je tudi predlagala, da se v sedanjem programskem obdobju odpre kohezijski sklad, ki ga je bilo prvotno treba uporabljati samo za prevoz in okoljske projekte, tudi za druga področja, ki so pomembna za trajnostni razvoj in koristi za okolje, med katerimi so energetska učinkovitost in čist mestni prevoz ter javni prevoz.
DOING MORE WITH LESS
VEČ
The implementation of the Directive on the energyperformance of buildings (2002/91/EC),as from 2006,will permit a gain estimated at some 40 Mtoe(Megatons of oil equivalent) between now and2020(13).The Commission must therefore monitor therigorous application of the directive.
Komisija namerava zagotoviti več napotkov o tem vidiku v strateških smernicah Skupnosti za kohezijsko politiko 2007-13, ki bodo kohezijsko politiko bolj učinkovito povezale z lizbonskim procesom.
Article 7 of this directive requires the energyperformance certification of buildings of more than50m2when they are constructed,sold or rented out.The certificates must be accompanied byrecommendations for the costeffective improvementof the building’s energy performance.The Member States are responsible for facilitating the financingnecessary for following up on these recommendations.
Energetski izkaznici morajo biti priložena priporočila za stroškovno učinkovito izboljšanje energijskih lastnosti zgradbe. Države članice so odgovorne za olajševanje financiranja, ki je potrebno za spremljanje izvajanja teh priporočil.
An option is to propose an extension of the directive inorder to improve the energy performance of buildingswhen they are being renovated.The current directiveonly applies to buildings under renovation of morethan 1 000 m2.A study (14) arrived at the conclusionthat the technical potential of this directive could beenormous if its rules were applied to all renovations.Ineconomic terms,the biggest opportunity is in couplingmeasures for energyefficiency improvement withretrofitting.This must not only be cost-effective,butalso workable,and it remains to be discussed how thiscan be achieved in practice.
4) je ugotovila, da bi bil tehnični potencial te direktive lahko zelo velik, če bi se pravila uporabljala za vse obnove. V gospodarskem smislu predstavlja največjo priložnost povezava ukrepov za ¡zboljšanje energetske učinkovitosti z rekonstrukcijo, kar mora biti ne samo stroškovno učinkovito, ampak tudi izvedljivo, in treba bi se bilo pogovoriti, kako to doseči v praksi.
(13)See the explanatory memorandum of the directive.(14)Ecofys,DM 70067,‘Cost effective retrofit in buildings’,2005.
P3) Glej obrazložitveni memorandum direktive. P*) Ecofys, DM 70067, „Cost effective retrofit in buildings"
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osebje in za gradbeno stroko na splošno.
250 000 full time jobs.The gains in employment are forhighly qualified personnel and for the buildingprofession in general.The employment is mostlycreated at local level,in places where the changes tobuildings have to be made.
Približno ena tretjina energije, ki jo zgradba porabi, je namenjena za razsvetljavo. Možni bi bili 50-odstotni ali celo večji prihranki, kar kažejo številni projekti, opravljeni v okviru „Evropskega programa zelene luči".
Around a third of the energy used by a building goesinto lighting.Potential savings can run to 50 % or evenmore,as shown by several projects carried out underthe framework of the ‘European GreenLight Programme’.
Dejansko se ta vrsta potrošnje energije ves čas povečuje, ker ima vedno več naprav to možnost. Ker je bila to zgodnja oblika upravljanja z energijo za nekatere naprave, lahko povzroči tudi velike izgube energije.
To realise this potential and to meetincreasing demand,Europe could show the way bypromoting the use and further development of moremodern and intelligent lighting (15).
Električna energija, ki se porabi v stanju pripravljenosti, lahko v stanovanjskem sektorju doseže od 5 % do 10 % celotne porabe električne energije (l8).
An energy-saving electric bulb uses five times less currentthan a standard one.Replacing bulbs can easily save EUR 100annually for an average household.
Energetsko varčna žarnica porabi petkrat manj energije kot standardna. Povprečno gospodinjstvo lahko z zamenjavo žarnic prihrani 100 EUR letno.
• encourage and promote voluntary agreements;
• spodbujanje in pospeševanje prostovoljnih sporazumov;
• introduce,if necessary,implementing measures toreduce standby losses for certain groups ofappliances (19);
• po potrebi uvedba izvedbenih ukrepov, da se zmanjšajo izgube zaradi stanja pripravljenosti za nekatere vrste naprav (J9);
Since 1992,a framework directive allows Member States to oblige the provision of information toconsumers on the energy efficiency of a whole rangeof electrical appliances via labelling.During the lastfour years,the Commission has striven for an increasein the number of covered appliances.The Commissionhas to continue in this direction while involvingindustry in the definition of these consumerinformation activities.
Od leta 1992 okvirna direktiva omogoča državam članicam, da predpišejo posredovanje informacij potrošnikom o energetski učinkovitosti cele vrste električnih naprav z označevanjem. V zadnjih štirih letih si Komisija prizadeva za povečanje števila zajetih naprav.
stimulate the development at international level oftechnologies and measures aiming to limit electricityloss in standby mode.
Komisija mora nadaljevati v tej smeri in vključiti industrijo v opredelitev aktivnosti glede informiranja potrošnikov.
The consumption in 2005 of private cars andmotorcycles in the EU is around 170 Mtoe which isnear to 10 % of our gross consumption.
V letu 2005 je v EU poraba osebnih avtomobilov in motornih koles približno 170 Mtoe, kar je skoraj 10 % naše bruto porabe.
This is an area where major improvements could bemade with a combination of measures taken to informthe consumer on minimum efficiency levels and byvoluntary agreements (16).However,a new approachhas been proposed by the newly adopted directive oneco-design,setting requirements for eco-designapplicable to consumer electrical appliances.The Council and the European Parliament have recentlyreached an agreement on this objective.One of theaims of the directive is to apply the requirements forenergy efficiency while,at the same time,avoidingnegative consequences of other aspects of theenvironment or other stages in the life cycle of theappliances.
Povprečna poraba se je v zadnjem desetletju izboljšala, vendar se je to izboljšanje izravnalo s povečanjem števila avtomobilov in njihove uporabe, sedaj pa obstajajo tudi težnje k težjim, visoko zmogljivim avtomobilom, kar bi lahko še bolj poslabšalo energetski položaj.
(17)The directive has the potential to generate efficiency gains ofat least 20 Mtoe,at the same time making European industrymore competitive on a global scale.
Da bi omejila to porabo, Unija izvaja do sedaj prostovoljne sporazume z avtomobilsko industrijo in označevanje avtomobilov o energetski učinkovitosti.
(15)Further savings could be achieved by the introduction of solid State LED (light emitting diodes)-based lighting for whichestimates of reductions in Europe by 2015 are of the order of40 GW of peak demand or two billion barrels of oil per year(ref:cited in Photonics for the 21st Century,VDI,2005).
P7) Direktiva ima možnost ustvariti za najmanj 20 Mtoe večjo učinkovitost in hkrati narediti evropsko industrijo bolj konkurenčno v svetovnem merilu.
19)As for‘codes of conduct’for power supplies and digitaladaptors for televisions.
P9) Glede na „kodeks ravnanja"za oskrbo z električno energijo in digitalne adapterje za televizorje.
information either on or nearby every new car beingoffered for sale.On the basis of reports on theimplementation of the directive,the Commission iscurrently studying measures that could be proposedto improve its effectiveness.
Treba je poudariti, da so za izdelke, ki uporabljajo energijo, razen avtomobilov, poleg prostovoljnih sporazumov in določb o označevanju postavljene tudi zahteve o minimalni učinkovitosti, vendar le kadar to utemeljujejo tržni pogoji.
It should be pointed out that for energy consumingproducts other than cars,apart from voluntaryagreements and labelling provisions,minimumefficiency requirements are also imposed,but onlywhere this is justified by the market conditions.
upoštevanju potrebe po spodbujanju cilja na tehnološko nevtralen ¡n stroškovno učinkovit način, tako da lahko katera koli pobuda omogoča industriji, da razvije ustrezno tehnologijo za doseganje zadevnega cilja. Nekateri ukrepi, o katerih je treba razpravljati, so naslednji:
With the automotive industry voluntary agreement, the EU’s aim is to reach an average CO2emissionfigure of 120 g/km for all new passenger cars
120 g/km za vse nove osebne avtomobile na trgu EU.
Experience with the European white-goods industry,which is the world leader as a result of best technologydeveloped in accordance with minimum standards anda serious labelling programme,proves that in thelonger term our car industry also could actually benefit,rather than suffer,from efficiency requirements in theirhome market.
Ta cilj, ki sta ga sprejela Evropski parlament in Svet, je treba doseči s sporazumi, ki obvezujejo evropske, japonske ¡n korejske proizvajalce
1.2.4.Informing and protecting the consumer marketed in the EU.This objective,adopted by the European Parliament and by the Council,is to beachieved by agreements committing European,Japanese,and Korean car manufacturers to reduce
Izkušnje z evropsko industrijo bele tehnike, ki je vodilna v svetu, ker je razvila najboljšo tehnologijo v skladu z minimalnimi standardi ¡n resnim programom označevanja, dokazujejo, da bi dolgoročno naša avtomobilska industrija dejansko lahko imela koristi in ne škode zaradi zahtev za učinkovitost na svojem domačem trgu.
CO2emissions to 140 gm/km by 2008/09,to takesteps aiming at the market to influence consumer choice towards lower fuel-consuming cars,and finallyto improve the quality of consumer information onfuel consumption.
avtomobilov, da do leta 2008/09 znižajo emisije C02na 140 g/km, sprejmejo ukrepe, ki so usmerjeni
Car labelling:the European car labelling systemobliges Member States to ensure that information on fuel consumption and CO2emissions of new privatecars is available to consumers.This enables consumers to make an informed choice.Theobligation entails the placing of a sticker with this
Njen namen je, da resnično spremeni obnašanje zadevnih glavnih udeležencev, tako da se zavežejo, da se bodo zavzemali za proizvodnjo učinkovite, čiste in trajnostne energije in programov porabe, ki temeljijo na obnovljivih virih energije in energetski učinkovitosti, vključno s transportom.
The campaign addresses all main sustainable energysectors that contribute to the Community strategy onsustainable development and aims at fosteringimplementation of Community legislation onsustainable energy,as well as national and localmeasures,by supporting industry,energy agencies,associations and consumers’activities (20).
• Označevanje avtomobilov: Evropski sistem označevanja avtomobilov zavezuje države članice, da zagotovijo, da so potrošnikom za nove osebne avtomobile na voljo informacije o porabi goriva in
20)The campaign will support promotional activities by the mainstakeholders,such as national governments,regions,municipalities,energy agencies,energy production but alsoenergy service companies,utilities,industrial manufacturers,building developers,agricultural and forest industry,consumer,industry,and farming associations,financialinstitutions,domestic and foreign trade associations,NGOsand development cooperation institutions.Other initiatives ofthis type should be launched in future.
Kampanja naslavlja vse glavne sektorje trajnostne energije, ki prispevajo k Strategiji Skupnosti o trajnostnem razvoju, s ciljem pospeševanja izvajanja zakonodaje Skupnosti o trajnostni energiji ter nacionalnih in lokalnih ukrepov, s podpiranjem industrije, agencij za energijo, zvez in dejavnosti potrošnikov (20).
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V prihodnje bi bilo treba sprožiti tudi druge tovrstne pobude.
With predicted growth of 1.5 % per year,Eurelectric –the European association representing the electricityindustry – projects that around 520 GW of newgeneration capacity must be installed up to 2030 in the EU-15.This means huge investment costs running intobillions of euro.
Ob predvideni 1,5-odstotni letni rasti Eurelectricevropsko združenje, ki zastopa elektrogospodarstvo -predvideva, da bo v EU-15 do leta 2030 moralo biti zgrajenih okrog 520 GW novih proizvodnih zmogljivosti. To predstavlja zelo velike investicijske stroške, ki bodo dosegli milijarde EUR.
Some major issues will require careful consideration inthe context of developing the energyefficiency actionplan for 2006:
Komisija načrtuje pregled sistema sredi leta 2006. Države članice lahko s pripravo državnega načrta razdelitve pravic in z ustvarjanjem splošne omejenosti na trgu še naprej uporabljajo sistem trgovanja z emisijami EU kot sredstvo za spodbujanje bolj učinkovite proizvodnje električne energije.
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Spodbujanje porazdeljene proizvodnje.
• not be used in an arbitrary fashion.The nature andscope of public service obligations to be imposed bya system of administrative authorisations must bemade clear in advance to such undertakings.In caseswhere the number of available permits for aparticular activity is subject to a limit,the validity ofthe permit must not exceed the time necessary towrite off the investment and to allow for equitablepayback on the capital.Furthermore,any personaffected by a restrictive measure based on such aderogation must have the opportunity to enter anappeal.
Največja izguba v dobavni verigi za električno energijo (proizvodnja - prenos, distribucija - dobava) je neporabljena toplotna energija, ki uhaja v obliki pare, večinoma z ogrevanjem vode, potrebne za hlajenje v procesu proizvodnje.
Most Member States of the EU-25 have districtheating systems,and especially in the new ones incentral Europe with transition economies.This is avery common means of providing heat,especially tohouseholds.District heating,if managed well,can beenvironmentally friendly.It is estimated that eventhose district heating and cogeneration facilities,including industrial applications,already existing,may save 3–4 % in primary energy use as comparedwith separate production.
Glavni problem, ki ga je treba rešiti, pa je, kako financirati posodobitev starih sistemov. V ta namen je treba bolj aktivirati finančne ustanove, kot je Evropska investicijska banka, da se mogoči financiranje ukrepov za energetsko učinkovitost pri daljinskem ogrevanju.
However,the main problem to be solved is how tofinance the upgrading of old systems.To this end,thefinancial institutions such as the European Investment Bank need to be further mobilised toenable financing for energyefficiency measures indistrict heating.Finally,it needs to be determinedhow to support the improvement in the energyyield of coal-fired plants beyond 50 %as soon aspossible.Community-supported research is likely toplay an important role.
Treba pa je tudi določiti, kako podpreti čim hitrejše izboljšanje donosa energije v elektrarnah na premog na več kot 50 %. Verjetno bodo imele pomembno vlogo raziskave, ki jih podpira Skupnost.
2.4.WHITE CERTIFICATES,A MARKET-BASEDINSTRUMENT
V tej zvezi je energetska učinkovitost potrebno orodje.
Industry has already moved in the direction of energyefficiency.Furthermore,driven by economic incentives,it is to be expected that industry will make additionalsignificant improvements in its processes and themachines it uses (electric motors,compressors,etc.)European and national legislation impacts on theenergy consumption of industry,and in thatconnection industry itself must take the necessarymeasures to fulfil the cap on greenhouse gas emissionsimposed by the national allocation plans as foreseen inthe emissions trading directive.It is in this respect thatenergy efficiency is a necessary tool.In addition,the Commission is currently preparing a general BREF (21)on energy efficiency in the context of the IPPCdirective (22) that will provide information which canbe used for developing best practice for energysystems that are used in a large number of industrialprocesses (motor systems,pump systems,approachesto energy efficiency,etc.).
BREF (21) o energetski učinkovitosti v okviru Direktive IPPC (22), ki bo zagotovil informacije, ki se lahko uporabijo za razvoj najboljših praks za energetske sisteme, ki se uporabljajo v številnih industrijskih postopkih (sistemi motorjev, sistemi črpalk, pristopi k energetski učinkovitosti itd.).