natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Decisions on monetary policy in the euro area can only be taken by the Governing Council of the ECB, which comprises the governors of the national central banks of those Member States that have adopted the euro and the members of the Executive Board of the ECB.
Odločitve o monetarni politiki v euroobmočju lahko sprejema le Svet ECB, ki ga sestavljajo guvernerji nacionalnih centralnih bank tistih držav članic, ki so prevzele euro, in člani izvršilnega odbora ECB.
The Governing Council of the ECB is its supreme decision-making body.
Svet ECB je najvišji organ odločanja ECB.
S C B ) n u l l
Izvršilni odbor
Looking forward to euro area enlargement
V pričakovanju razširitve euroobmočja
The 10 Member States that joined the EU in 2004 are part of EMU — which means that they coordinate their economic policymaking with the other EU Member States and that their central banks are part of the ESCB.
Države članice, ki so v EU vstopile v letih 2004 in 2007, so del EMU, kar pomeni, da usklajujejo svoje odločitve glede gospodarske politike z drugimi državami članicami EU in da so njihove centralne banke del ESCB.
However, as they did not join the euro area immediately on accession, their official status until they adopt the single currency is ‘Member States with a derogation’.
Ker pa v euroobmočje niso vstopile takoj ob pristopu k EU, za njihov uradni status do prevzema enotne valute velja, da so to „države članice z odstopanjem“.
This status is granted by the Act of Accession and obliges them to become full members of the euro area eventually.
Ta status jim zagotavlja Pristopna pogodba, s podpisom katere so se zavezale, da bodo v prihodnosti postale polnopravne članice euroobmočja.
The new Member States did not join the euro area immediately upon accession because they did not meet the convergence criteria.
Nove države članice niso takoj ob pristopu vstopile v euroobmočje, saj zato niso izpolnjevale konvergenčnih meril.
The Treaty of Accession therefore allows them time to undertake the adjustments needed to achieve convergence.
Pristopna pogodba jim torej daje čas, da se prilagodijo in dosežejo konvergenco v skladu z zahtevanimi merili.
The first of the new Member States to join the euro area is Slovenia in 2007.
Slovenija je leta 2007 kot prva nova država članica vstopila v euroobmočje.
Scenarios for adoption of the euro
Scenariji za sprejetje eura
The convergence criteria — the Maastricht criteria — are the economic targets and institutional changes that a country must achieve before adopting the single currency and entering the euro area.
Konvergenčna merila – Maastrichtska merila – so ekonomski cilji in institucionalne spremembe, ki jih mora država doseči, preden prevzame enotno valuto in vstopi v euroobmočje.
The macroeconomic indicators shown in Table 1 are used as a measure of convergence.
Makroekonomski indikatorji, prikazani v tabeli 1, so merilo konvergence.
28/02/2002 end of dual circulation
3. maj 1998: odločitev Sveta
Big-bang scenario
Scenarij takojšnje uvedbe
Adoption of the euro €-day: cash changeover
Sprejetje eura Uvedba eura: menjava gotovine
Council decision
Odločitev Sveta
While countries that want to join the euro area have to meet the convergence criteria, the actual process of introducing the euro may differ among later entrants.
Medtem ko morajo države, ki želijo vstopiti v euroobmočje, izpolniti konvergenčna merila, je dejanski postopek uvedbe eura pri državah, ki bodo v euroobmočje vstopile kasneje, lahko različen.
When the euro area was created, the founding Member States had a three-year transitional period between adopting the euro as ‘book money’ for non-cash transactions in 1999 and the introduction of euro cash in 2002.
Ob oblikovanju euroobmočja, so imele ustanovitvene države članice triletno prehodno obdobje, preden so leta 1999 prevzele euro, ki je bil najprej le „knjižni denar“ za negotovinske transakcije, leta 2002 pa so uvedle gotovinsko obliko eura.
In this ‘Madrid scenario’, as it is called, a three-year transitional period allows individuals and businesses to prepare for the single currency before it appears in their pockets.
Po tem t. i. „madridskem scenariju“, triletno prehodno obdobje posameznikom in poslovnemu svetu omogoča, da se na enotno valuto pripravijo, preden se leta pojavi v njihovih žepih.
During this transitional period, they still use their national currency for cash transactions.
Med prehodnim obdobjem za gotovinsko poslovanje še naprej uporabljajo svoje nacionalne valute.
However, a number of future Member States of the euro area will adopt a socalled ‘Big Bang scenario’ whereby they adopt euro cash immediately upon entering the euro area and quickly withdraw their national currencies from circulation.
Številne bodoče države članice euroobmočja pa bodo euro prevzele po t. i. „scenariju velikega poka“, po katerem bodo gotovinsko obliko eura prevzele takoj ob vstopu v euroobmočje in v kratkem času umaknile svoje nacionalne valute iz obtoka.
SOUND INSTITUTIONS FOR A SOUND ECONOMY
ZANESLJIVE INSTITUCIJE ZA ZDRAVO GOSPODARSTVO
The institutional framework for managing EMU has proved a clear success and reflects the strong commitment of the euro area Member States to cooperate on economic issues of ‘common concern’.
Institucionalni okvir za upravljanje EMU se je izkazal za popoln uspeh in odraža močno zavezanost držav članic euroobmočja do sodelovanja pri ekonomskih zadevah „skupnega pomena“.
This cooperation is vital for the growth and jobs — and rising living standards — that the single market and EMU support.
To sodelovanje je izrednega pomena za rast in zaposlovanje – ter vedno višji življenjski standard – ki ga podpirata enotni trg in EMU.
Single countries, such as the United States and Japan, have a centralised monetary policy and a centralisedfiscal policy operated by a single government.
Posamezne države, kot na primer ZDA in Japonska, imajo centralizirano monetarno politiko in centralizirano javnofinančno politiko, ki jo vodi ena sama vlada. V euroobmočju pa je to drugače.
While the euro area has a centralised independent monetary policy operated by the ECB, fiscal policy, which deals with the income and expenditure side of national budgets, is the responsibility of national governments, though subject to a number of rules at EU level.
Medtem ko ima euroobmočje centralizirano neodvisno monetarno politiko, ki jo vodi ECB, je javnofinančna politika, ki obravnava prihodke in izdatke nacionalnih proračunov, odgovornost nacionalnih vlad, vendar ob upoštevanju pravil na ravni EU.
Therefore, the cooperation and coordination between euro area Member States on matters of fiscal policy is the key element that drives economic and monetary union.
Zato je sodelovanje in usklajevanje med državami članicami euroobmočja pri zadevah javnofinančne politike ključni element, ki poganja ekonomsko in monetarno unijo.
EMU is built on several strong groupings that have together proved successful in managing its operations: v฀the European System of Central Banks, which brings together the central banks of all EU Member States, the Eurosystem — i.e. the ECB plus the national central banks of those Member States that have adopted the euro — and the ECB; the ECB determines monetary policy with a clear mission to ensure price stability; v฀the European Commission which, through its Commissioner and Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs, monitors and assesses the economic situation in the Member States and makes recommendations; v฀the Council, in its Economic and Financial Affairs configuration (Ecofin Council), where the government ministers for economics and finance from the Member States meet to define broad economic guidelines and take decisions on recommendations from the Commission, which also takes part in the meetings; ministers from the euro area meet as the Eurogroup — an informal grouping in which the Commission and the ECB participate.
• Svet v sestavi za ekonomske in finančne zadeve (Ekonomsko- fi nančni svet), kjer se srečujejo ministri za gospodarstvo in finance iz držav članic, da bi določili širše gospodarske smernice in odločali o priporočilih Komisije, ki tudi sodeluje na srečanjih. Ministri iz euroobmočja se srečujejo kot Euroskupina– neformalno združenje, ki mu prisostvujeta Evropska Komisija in ECB
ECONOMIC STABILITY — A BENEFIT FOR ALL
GOSPODARSKA STABILNOST KORIST ZA VSE
Inflation convergence: euro area 12 (annual % increases)
Konvergenca inflacije: euroobmočje 12 (letna zvišanja v %)
0 The currency turbulence and high inflation during much of the 1970s and 1980s brought difficulties and uncertainty to many.
Nestabilnost valut in visoke stopnje inflacije v pretežnem delu 1970-ih in 80-ih let so povzročile težave in negotovost.
However, during the build-up to economic and monetary union, inflation fell substantially.
Toda med izgradnjo ekonomske in monetarne unije je inflacija občutno padla, nato pa ostala nizka.
The ECB’s primary mission is to control price inflation at an annual level of below, but close to, 2% inflation over the medium term.
Primarni cilj ECB je nadzor rasti cen na letni ravni in sicer pod, vendar blizu 2-odstotne inflacije v srednjeročnem obdobju. Zgodovinski razvoj inflacije prikazuje grafikon na desni.
The advantages that low inflation and stable prices bring are many and benefit both businesses and consumers.
Prednosti, ki jih prinaša nizka inflacija, je veliko in imajo ugoden vpliv tako na gospodarstvo kot tudi na potrošnike.
v฀Consumer borrowing is less expensive and future repayments less uncertain.
• Potrošniška posojila so ugodnejša in vrednost kasnejših poplačil manj negotova.
So, ordinary citizens can borrow more easily and more safely, for example in order to buy a house or a car, with more certainty about the future repayment levels.
Tako lahko državljani enostavneje in varneje najamejo posojilo, na primer za nakup hiše ali avta, hkrati pa so lahko bolj gotovi glede kasnejših ravni odplačil.
Mortgage rates in four euro area countries
Hipotekarne stopnje v štirih državah euroobmočja
When inflation is high and volatile, lenders build in a safety margin to the interest rate, a socalled risk premium.
Ko je inflacija visoka in se hitro spreminja, posojilodajalci v obrestno mero vključijo varnostno rezervo, t. i. premijo za tveganje.
With low, stable inflation these safety margins are no longer necessary, so money is released for businesses to invest more — benefiting growth and jobs.
Pri nizki ali stabilni inflaciji te varovalne rezerve niso več potrebne. Tako se sprosti denar za investicije v gospodarstvu – kar ugodno vpliva na rast in zaposlovanje.
v฀Society, social cohesion and the less well-off all benefit.
• To ugodno vpliva na družbo in socialno kohezijo.
Volatile changes in inflation increase the gap between the richer and poorer sections of society.
Velike spremembe inflacije povečujejo vrzel med bogatejšimi in revnejšimi družbenimi sloji.
With stable inflation, the less well-off are better protected against erosion of their wealth and purchasing power.
S stabilno rastjo cen so slednji bolje zaščiteni pred izgubo premoženja in kupne moči.
THE SINGLE CURRENCY — A COMPLEMENT TO THE SINGLE MARKET t Al to h o / P
ENOTNA VALUTA DOPOLNILO ENOTNEMU TRGU o o A lt h o t/ P
Dealing with multiple currencies entails costs and makes price comparisons difficult, even within the single market.
Poslovanje z več valutami ima za posledico oteženo primerjavo stroškov in cen znotraj enotnega trga.
The single currency — the euro — removes these disadvantages and brings benefits to both consumers and businesses.
Enotna valuta – euro – te pomanjkljivosti odpravlja in prinaša koristi tako potrošnikom kot podjetjem: st ri h
© no v฀The costs of exchanging money at borders, socalled transaction costs, have disappeared in the euro area.
• Stroškov menjave denarja na mejah, tako imenovanih transakcijskih stroškov, v euroobmočju ni več.
This reduces the costs for travellers, whether for business, study or vacation.
To zmanjša stroške tistim, ki potujejo, tako službeno kot zaradi študija ali na počitnice.
Previously, an individual with DM 1 000 in his or her pocket who travelled through 15 Member States, changing money in each one, would have less than DM500 left on returning home — without having made a single purchase.
V preteklosti bi se posameznik s 1 000 nemškimi markami v žepu na potovanju skozi 13 držav članic po menjavi v vsaki izmed držav domov vrnil z manj kot 500 markami – ne da bi opravil en sam nakup.
Today, someone starting out with EUR1 000 would return home with the same amount in his or her pocket.
Danes bi se posameznik, ki bi na pot odšel s 1 000 euri, vrnil domov z enako vsoto v žepu.
© Eu v฀The euro brings price transparency to the single market.
• Euro na enotnem trgu omogoča preglednost cen.
Consumers and businesses can easily compare prices for goods and services across the EU.
Potrošniki in podjetja lahko zlahka primerjajo cene blaga in storitev po vsej EU.
This has the effect of increasing competition among suppliers and keeping downward pressure on prices in the euro area.
To ima za posledico povečano konkurenco med dobavitelji in izvaja pritisk na cene v euroobmočju.
This transparency is supported by low, stable price inflation because changes in relative prices can be more easily identified.
Omenjeno preglednost podpira tudi nizka rast cen, saj je možno spremembe relativnih cen hitreje opaziti.
Competition is further increased by the growth of e-commerce over the Internet, which allows easy crossborder price comparisons.
Konkurenčnost spodbuja tudi e-trgovanje preko interneta, kar omogoča enostavno mednarodno primerjavo cen.
I m ages © v฀Transaction costs can be very large — before the adoption of the euro they were estimated at 0.3to 0.4% of GDP in the EU, i.e. EUR20–25billion.
• Transakcijski stroški so lahko zelo veliki – pred uvajanjem eura so bili po ocenah med 0,3 % in 0,4 % BDP v EU, t. j. 20–25 milijard €.
Companies incurred a large part of these costs as they transferred goods, people and capital around the EU.
Podjetja, ki so poslovala z blagom, ljudmi in kapitalom po vsej EU, so imela veliko tovrstnih stroškov.
With the disappearance of transaction costs within the euro area, this money is now available for productive investments in growth and jobs, and intra-Community trade is encouraged.
Z odpravo transakcijskih stroškov v euroobmočju so ta sredstva zdaj na voljo za produktivne investicije v rast in službe, pospešilo pa se je tudi trgovanje znotraj skupnosti.
Furthermore, removing transaction costs within the single market makes the euro area attractive for foreign investment.
Poleg tega pa odprava transakcijskih stroškov na enotnem trgu dela pozitivno vpliva na privlačnost euroobmočja za tuje investicije.
THE INTERNATIONAL ROLE OF THE EURO
MEDNARODNA VLOGA EURA o
The euro is a strong international currency.
Euro je močna mednarodna valuta.
Backed by the commitment of the euro area Member States, the strong and visible management of monetary policy by the ECB, and the size and power of the euro area as a bloc,the euro has become an attractive world currency like the US dollar or the Japanese yen.
Ob zavezi držav članic euroobmočja, trdnem in preglednem vodenju monetarne politike ECB ter velikosti in gospodarski moči euroobmočja se je euro uvrstil med privlačne svetovne valute, kot sta ameriški dolar in japonski jen.
Table 2 compares some major economic indicators of the euro area and the EU with the United States and Japan:
Tabela 2 kaže primerjavo med nekaterimi glavnimi gospodarskimi kazalniki euroobmočja in EU z ZDA in Japonsko:
Key indicators (2004)
Ključni kazalniki (2004)
Population (millions)
Število prebivalcev (v milijonih)
Share of world GDP (% at PPP)
Delež v svetovnem BDP-ju (v % po PKM)
Exports (*)(goods and services as % of GDP)
Izvoz (*)(blago in storitve v % BDP)
Imports (*)(goods and services as % of GDP)
Uvoz (*)(blago in storitve v % BDP)
The euro in numbers
Euro v številkah
Total number of euro banknotes in circulation between 2002 and June 2005 (billion)
Skupno število eurobankovcev v obtoku med letom 2000 in junijem 2002 (v mrd EUR)
Around 14billion euro banknotes were produced, worth EUR633billion, and 52billion euro coins — using 250000 tonnes of metal — in preparation for the euro launch.
V pripravah na uvedbo eura je bilo izdanih okrog 14 milijard eurskih bankovcev v vrednosti 633 milijard € in 52 milijard eurskih kovancev – za katere je bilo uporabljeno 250 000 ton kovine.
Around 7.8billion banknotes worth EUR140billion were available in the euro area on the morning of 1January2002 when euro cash was launched.
Na euroobmočju je bilo 1. januarja 2002 zjutraj ob uvedbi eurske gotovine na voljo okrog 7,8 milijarde bankovcev v vrednosti 140 milijard €.
Since then, demand has grown continuously as the graph to the right shows (the peaks in the growth are due to extra demand for banknotes around the Christmas period):
Kot kaže graf na desni, je od takrat povpraševanje nenehno naraščalo (viški v rasti predstavljajo povečano povpraševanje po bankovcih v času okoli Božiča).
By 2005, there were nearly 10billion euro banknotes in circulation with a value of over EUR500billion and over 63billion euro coins with a value of more than EUR16billion — the notes can be withdrawn from over 229000 ATMs in the euro area.
Do leta 2005 je bilo v obtoku skoraj 10 milijard eurskih bankovcev v vrednosti preko 500 milijard € in več kot 63 milijard eurskih kovancev v vrednosti več kot 16 milijard € – bankovce je mogoče dvigniti na več kot 229 000 bančnih avtomatih v euroobmočju.
The ECB has the exclusive right to authorise the issuance of euro banknotes.
Izključno pravico za odobritev izdaje eurskih bankovcev ima ECB.
Their production is shared between the national central banks.
Njihovo izdelavo si delijo nacionalne centralne banke.
Euro coins are issued by the Member States of the euro area in volumes approved by the ECB.
Eurske kovance izdajajo države članice euroobmočja v količinah, ki jih odobri ECB.
Further info at:
Nadaljnje informacije
Governance: who does what?
Vodenje: Kaj kdo počne?
European Commission
Generalni direktorat za ekonomske in finančne zadeve Evropske komisije
In preparation for the introduction of euro cash on 1 January 2002, over 14 billion banknotes worth 633 billion were printed, and 52 billion euro coins were minted using 250 000 tonnes of metal.
14 milijard bankovcev v vrednosti 633 milijard €, za kovanje 52 milijard eurskih kovancev pa je bilo uporabljenih 250000 ton kovine.
http://ec.europa.eu e European Central Bank http://www.ecb.eu e ECOFIN Council: is consists of the Ministers of Economy and Finance of each Member State who coordinate economic policy-making and take decisions on the operations of the Stability and Growth Pact and the application of the Treaty. e Member States in the euro area, together with the ECB and the Commission, form the Eurogroup.
Sestavljajo ga gospodarski in finančni ministri vseh držav članic, ki usklajujejo oblikovanje gospodarske politike in odločajo o delovanju Pakta stabilnostin rasti in uporabi Pogodbe. Države članice območja eura skupaj z ECB in Komisijo tvorijo Eurogroup.
A short guide to the euro
Euro: kratki vodič
Euro banknotes have the same design everywhere.
Eurski bankovci imajo povsod enako podobo.
Euro coins have a common design on one side and a country-specific design on the reverse.e different sizes and contrasting colours of euro banknotes are intended to help the visually impaired recognise the different denominations.
Eurski kovanci imajo skupno podobo na eni strani in specifično po posameznih državah na drugi.Različne velikosti in kontrastne barve eurskih bankovcev naj bi slabovidnim pomagale pri prepoznavanju različnih vrednosti.
In addition, banknotes are printed in different relief patterns to help distinguish between them by touch.
Poleg tega so na bankovcih odtisnjeni različni reliefni vzorci, ki omogočajo razlikovanje na otip.
management of the money supply, is run independently by the ECB and the central banks of the ESCB.
ESCB neodvisno vodijo denarno politiko in skrbijo za cenovno stabilnost.
e common design for coins will be modified in the near future – to reflect EU enlargement. ese new designs will be introduced progressively, starting with the coins to be issued by the new entrants to the euro area.
Skupna podoba kovancev bo v bližnji prihodnosti spremenjena in bo odražala širitev EU. Nove podobe bodo uvedli postopno, najprej pri kovancih, ki jih bodo izdajale nove članice območja eura.
e euro area today and tomorrow e European Commission: e Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN) of the European Commission monitors the economic situation and the implementation of the Stability and Growth Pact. e Commission also makes recommendations to the Council on any corrective actions needed.
in finančne zadeve (DG ECFIN) Evropske komisije nadzoruje gospodarski položaj in izvajanje Pakta stabilnosti in rasti. Svetu daje tudi priporočila glede potrebnih popravnih ukrepov.
Finland
Območje eura
Slovenia will join on 1 January 2007
Evropski parlament:Odbor za ekonomske in denarne zadeve Evropskega parlamenta nadzoruje delovanje
EU Member States with an opt-out
Države članice EU, ki so zavrnile prevzem eura
Ireland e European Parliament: e Committee for Economic and Monetary Affairs of the European Parliament monitors the functioning of monetary policy and the Stability and Growth Pact. e European Parliament, after discussions with the ECB and the Commission, gives its opinion on actions to be taken.
Irska monetarne politike in Pakta stabilnosti in rasti – po posvetovanju z ECB in Komisijo podaja svoje mnenje o potrebnih ukrepih.
EU Member States that have not yet adopted the euro
Države članice EU, ki še niso prevzele eura
Slovakia Hungary
Slovaška Madžarska
© European Communities, 2006
© Evropske skupnosti, 2006
6 frequently asked questions
6 najpogostejših vprašanj
It has also been one of its major successes: about the euro
Prihodnje širitve območja euro bodo te prednosti še povečale in jih še razširile po vsej Evropski uniji.
What is the euro?
o euru kratki vodič
Which Member States d d i n i
Katere države članice so o do P r d o
All Member States have committed to adopt the euro except the United Kingdom and e euro is the currency of the euro area Member have adopted the euro?
Vse države članice so se obvezale, da bodo sprejele euro – razen Velike Britanije in
Which have not?
Katere ga niso?
Eleven Member States adopted the euro in 1999 e European Union has progressively developed the single market since the 1980s.
Enajst držav članic je euro sprejelo leta 1999 (glej
Within the single market, goods, people, services and capital move freely without barriers.
Evropska unija je enotni trg razvijala postopno od 80-ih let prejšnjega stoletja. Znotraj
By removing currency barriers, the euro makes the single market’s benefits even easier to obtain.
Medtem ko predstavlja celotno območje Evropske unije (EU) enotni trg, pa ima euro le del EU, imenovan območje eura.
States; they share a ‘single’ currency.
enotnega trga se blago, ljudje, storitve in kapital gibljejo svobodno in neovirano.
While the whole of the European Union (EU) is a single market, only part of the EU, the euro area, has the euro.
Tako lahko, na primer, belgijski potrošnik kupi DVD-predvajalnik v Nemčiji in ga odnese domov.
(see map); they were joined by Greece in 2001. ese countries form the euro area.
zemljevid); leta 2001 se jim je pridružila Grčija, leta 2007 pa Slovenija.
Other Member States have opt-outs or are preparing to join, as Slovenia will on 1 January 2007.
Druge države članice so se odločile ostati zunaj območja ali pa se pripravljajo na vstop.