natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
It contains many good practice exemples, which haveeither been selected from the guides existing in the EU
Poleg tega se morate seznaniti s podrobnostmi zakonov,predpisov in standardov, veljavnih v državi članici, vkateri opravljate delo, ter jih upoštevati.
You must also obtain details of the laws, regulations andstandards applicable in the Member State where youwork, and comply with them.
Vsebuje številne primere dobre prakse, izbrane iz obstoječih priročnikov držav članic EU ali posebej pripravljeneza ta priročnik.
Directive 2001/45/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 June 2001 amending Council Directive 89/655/EECconcerning the minimum safety and health requirements for the use of work equipment by workers at work, OJ L 195, 19.07.2001,p.
Direktiva 2001/45/ES Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 27. junija 2001 o spremembah Direktive Sveta 89/655/EGS o minimalnih varnostnih in zdravstvenih zahtevah za uporabo delovne opreme delavcev pri delu, UL L 195, 19.7.2001, str.
46.Council Directive 89/391/EEC of 12 June 1989 on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and healthof workers at work, OJ L 183, 29.06.1989, p.
46.Direktiva Sveta 89/391/EGS z dne 12. junija 1989 o uvedbi ukrepov za spodbujanje izboljšav varnosti in zdravja delavcev pri delu,UL L 183, 29.6.1989, str.
1.Council Directive 89/655/EEC of 30 November 1989 concerning the minimum safety and health requirements for the use of workequipment by workers at work, OJ L 393, 30.12.1989, p.
1.Direktiva Sveta 89/655/EGS z dne 30. novembra 1989 o minimalnih varnostnih in zdravstvenih zahtevah za uporabo delovne opreme delavcev pri delu, UL L 393, 30.12.1989, str.
13.Council Directive 95/63/EC of 5 December 1995 amending Directive 89/655/EEC concerning the minimum safety and healthrequirements for the use of work equipment by workers at work, OJ L 335, 30.12.1995, p.
13.Direktiva Sveta 95/63/ES z dne 5. decembra 1995 o spremembah Direktive 89/655/EGS o minimalnih varnostnih in zdravstvenihzahtevah za uporabo delovne opreme delavcev pri delu, UL L 335, 30.12.1995, str.
28.Council Directive 89/656/EEC of 30 November 1989 on the minimum health and safety requirements for the use by workers of personal protective equipment at the workplace, OJ L 393, 30.12.1989, p.
28.Direktiva Sveta 89/656/EGS z dne 30. novembra 1989 o minimalnih zdravstvenih in varnostnih zahtevah za osebno varovalno opremo, ki jo delavci uporabljajo na delovnem mestu, UL L 393, 30.12.1989, str.
PRACTICAL EXAMPLES
PRAKTIČNI PRIMERI
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PREVENTION FOR TEMPORARY WORK AT A HEIGHT
SPLOŠNA NAČELA PREVENTIVE ZA ZAČASNO DELO NA VIŠINI
3.1.1 AVOID RISKS
3.1.1 IZOGIBANJE TVEGANJEM
For a roofer required to build a wooden structure:Can parts of the assembly work be done on theground?
Ali je del montaže mogoče opraviti na tleh?
There is a direct link between differences in height in theworkplace and the risk of falling (potential energy).
Obstaja neposredna povezava med višinskimi razlikamina delovnem mestu in tveganjem za padec (potencialnaenergija).
In the course of temporary work at a height, workers aregenerally exposed to this risk:while accessing the workplace or workstation (withor without equipment or materials);while working.
Med potekom začasnega dela na višini so delavci temutveganju v splošnem izpostavljeni:ko dostopajo do delovnega mesta ali delovne postaje (z opremo ali materialom ali brez);med opravljanjem dela.
As the employer you are responsible for workers’ healthand safety, you should therefore ask yourself:Can the work be performed on the ground?
Kot delodajalec ste odgovorni za zdravje in varnostdelavca, zato se vprašajte:Ali je delo mogoče opraviti na tleh?
(Example:lower a concert hall chandelier to repair it.)Can a work platform be set up in the vicinity of thework area to minimise the difference in height?(Example: use jacks to raise the work floor to theheight of the work to be performed on a truck loading and unloading site.)
(Primer: zapopravilo lestenca v koncertni dvorani lestenec približajte tlom.)Ali je v bližini delovnega območja mogoče postavitidelovno ploščad in s tem čim bolj zmanjšati višinskorazliko?
Before any operation requiring temporary work at aheight, ask yourself:Can I avoid having to carry out work at a height?Can I avoid the risks of falls from height?
(Primer: z dvigali dvignite delovno površinona višino, kjer se opravlja natovarjanje in raztovarjanje tovornjaka.)
3.1.2 ASSESS THE RISKS
3.1.2 OCENA TVEGANJ
If not, you then have to assess the risks that cannot beavoided and take the measures necessary to protect thesafety and health of workers at the workplace.
Pred vsako nalogo, za katero je potrebno začasno delona višini, se vprašajte:Ali se lahko izognem opravljanju dela na višini?Ali se lahko izognem tveganjem za padce z višine?
Examples:Horizontal roof of an agricultural machinery mainten - ance shop – 2000 m2
Če je odgovor ne, morate oceniti tveganja, ki se jim nimogoče izogniti, in sprejeti potrebne ukrepe za zaščitovarnosti in zdravja delavcev na delovnem mestu.
COMBAT THESE RISKS AT SOURCE
OBVLADOVANJE TVEGANJ PRI VIRU
PRINCIPLE: or k at a height)
NAČELO:
If working at height cannot be avoided, the potential fallheight must be reduced by all possible means (see Article6 of Framework Directive 89/391/EEC).
Če se delu na višini ni mogoče izogniti, je treba z vsemimogočimi sredstvi zmanjšati višino morebitnega padca(glejte člen 6 Okvirne direktive 89/391/EGS)
Electricity pylon Building facade Bridge Theatre Shipyard Assembly shop
Stavba Drevesa Električni drog Fasada stavbe Most Gledališče Ladjedelnica Montažna delavnica
What is the source of the risk?
Kakšen je vir tveganja?
Examples:Difference in height Height
Prebarvati je treba jeklenokonstrukcijo na višini30 metrov:
Is there a risk of a fall?
Kakšna je dejavnost delavca?
Is it possible to prevent risk of falls?
Ali obstaja tveganje za padec?
What is the worker’s activity?
Ali je mogoče preprečiti tveganje za padce?
If not, is it possible to install fall prevention devices (guardrail or barrier) as close as possible to the work areas?
Če to ni mogoče, ali je mogoče čim bliže delovnimobmočjem namestiti priprave za preprečevanje padcev(varovalno ograjo ali pregrado)?
Using fall devices such as harnesses and rope access andpositioning techniques when cleaning glass atria androofs:
Pri čiščenju steklenih atrijev in streh je treba uporabiti priprave za preprečevanje padcev, kot so varnostni pasoviter tehnike dostopa po vrvi in tehnike nameščanja:
Examples:Encasing pillars, building walls, placing beams Sweeping leaves from a roof using a blowing device Repairing a power line Cleaning the windows of a building Repairing the metal structure of a bridge Maintaining theatre lighting Shipbuilding Aeroplane maintenance or assembly Accessing the roof via an outside ladder.
Ali se lahko zagotovi, da je morebitni padec med celotnim trajanjem dela čim manjši?(uporaba zategovalnikov, izbira sidrišč itd.)
Who is the worker?
Prilagajanje dela posamezniku
Examples:Temporary worker aged 22Worker in first job Mountain guide Person with specific physical problem (vertigo, etc.).
Začasni delavec, star 22 let Začetnik Gorski vodnik Oseba s posebno fiziološko motnjo (vrtoglavica itd.)
‘The employer shall adapt the work to the individual,especially as regards the design of work places, thechoice of work equipment and the choice of working andproduction methods, with a view, in particular, to alleviating monotonous work and work at a predeterminedwork-rate and to reducing their effect on health.’ – Article6(2)(d) of Directive 89/391/EEC (the ‘Framework Directive’) on the introduction of measures to encourageimprovements in the safety and health of workers at work.
„Delodajalec prilagodi delo posamezniku, še posebnoglede načrtovanja delovnih mest, izbire delovne opremeter delovnih in proizvodnih metod, zlasti da se olajšamonotono delo in delo z vnaprej določeno delovnohitrostjo ter zmanjša njihov učinek na zdravje“—člen 6(2)(d) Direktive 89/391/EGS („Okvirna direktiva“)o uvedbi ukrepov za spodbujanje izboljšav varnosti inzdravja delavcev pri delu.
If the work to be performed requires a considerableamount of travel up and down scaffolding:
Če delo, ki ga je treba opraviti, v veliki meri zahtevapomikanje po odrih navzgor in navzdol:
Is it possible to install inside or outside ladders or stairs(or even a lift for workers) to prevent the substantial physical effort involved and the associated negative effects onhealth and safety?
Ali je mogoče namestiti notranje ali zunanje lestve alistopnišče (ali celo dvigalo za delavce) za preprečitevznatnega telesnega napora in s tem povezanih negativnih učinkov na zdravje in varnost?
When painting offices:
Pri pleskanju pisarn:
Is it possible to use individual podium steps (1 in the figure below) rather than stepladders (2 in the figure below)?
Ali je mogoče uporabiti samostoječe stopnice z odrom(št. 1) namesto stopničastih lestev (št. 2)?
When changing light bulbs in a gymnasium or otherpremises where ceilings are high and not easily accessible for maintenance:
Pri menjavi žarnic v telovadnici ali drugih prostorih zvisokim in za vzdrževanje težko dostopnim stropom:
Is it possible to use a tower scaffold rather than an extension ladder?
Ali delo vključuje ravnanje z električno opremo ali opremo na stisnjen zrak z zidarskega odra:
If the work involves operating electrical or compressed airequipment from a cradle:
Ali je mogoče uporabiti stolpni oder namesto raztegljivelestve?
Is it possible to install a guidance system for pipes andcables so that the operator is not inconvenienced by orconcerned with their movement or space requirements,thus avoiding the risks of moving the cradle?
Ali je mogoče namestiti sistem za usmerjanje cevi inkablov, tako da upravljavca ne moti ali ovira premikanjeopreme in ga ne omejuje prostor, potreben za delovanjete opreme, in se s tem izogne tveganjem, ki jih lahko povzroči premik zidarskega odra?
Also, do not forget the risks related to the use of electri -city and compressed air.
Prav tako ne pozabite na tveganja, povezana z uporaboelektrike in stisnjenega zraka.
In the case of work on or near electricity installations(power lines, substations, etc.), the additional risksassociated with electricity need to be taken intoaccount.
V primeru dela na električnih napeljavah ali v njihovibližini (električni vodi, transformatorske postaje itd.) jetreba upoštevati dodatna tveganja, povezana z elektriko.
For more information on these risks, see section 3.5 ‘Recommendations for work at a height in ornear electricity installations’.
Za več informacij o teh tveganjih glejte razdelek 3.5 „Priporočila za delo na višini na električnihnapeljavah ali v njihovi bližini“.
3.1.6 REPLACE THE DANGEROUS BY THE LESS DANGEROUS OR NON-DANGEROUS
3.1.5 UPOŠTEVANJE TEHNIČNEGA NAPREDKA
3.1.5 KEEP ABREAST OF TECHNICAL PROGRESS
3.1.6 ZAMENJAVA NEVARNEGA Z MANJ NEVARNIM ALI
Work at a height benefits from constant research thatleads to the regular development of new work equipmentand products.
Delo na višini je stalno predmet raziskav, ki redno vodijok razvoju nove delovne opreme in proizvodov.
Keep abreast of these developments.
Upoštevajte ta razvoj.
Very often, more sophisticated equipment makes for moreefficient working.
Zaradi naprednejše opreme je delo pogosto učinkovitejše.
In most cases, the risk assessment will confirm this andshow that there are less dangerous and also more efficient ways of performing work at a height.
V splošnem je delo na lestvah ali ob vrveh ponavadimogoče zamenjati z varnejšimi metodami (odri, ploščadiitd.), da bi delavce v največji možni meri zaščitili predtveganjem za padce.
PRACTICAL EXAMPLE
PRAKTIČNI PRIMER
Maintenance work on a dust extraction system close toand above a continuous production zone for woodenparts for fitted kitchens.
V večini primerov to potrjuje ocena tveganja, iz katereizhaja, da obstajajo manj nevarni in hkrati učinkovitejšinačini opravljanja dela na višini.
Every maintenance department will endeavour to plan itswork without interfering with other nearby activities.
V vsakem oddelku vzdrževanja si prizadevajo svoje delonačrtovati tako, da ne ovirajo drugih dejavnosti, ki seizvajajo v blližini.
When hanging up decorative street lights for the festiveseason:
Pri nameščanjupraznične razsvetjave po ulicah:
For this reason, it is important to choose the right:day (people present, production in progress, etc.),time (production rates at the time, light level, criticality of tasks, etc.),method (space occupied, movements required, transport needed, etc.),equipment (energy required, noise generated, etc.),workers (recognised skills, relations with other workers).
Zaradi tega je pomembno izbrati ustrezen:dan (prisotne osebe, proizvodnja v teku itd.),čas (stopnja proizvodnje, osvetljenost, stopnja težavnosti nalog itd.),metodo (koliko prostora je potrebnega, spremembalokacije, potreben transport itd.),opremo (poraba energije, povzročanje hrupa itd.);delavce (priznane spretnosti in znanja, odnosi ssodelavci).
The correct choice should result simply from applying theprinciples of risk prevention.
Že sama uporaba načel za preprečevanje tveganja vambo omogočila pravilnoizbiro.
Is it possible to perform this work from a mobile elevatedwork platform (MEWP) rather than a ladder by organising the work beforehand (temporary closure of the street,using strings of lights, movement depending on distancesto electric power lines, etc.)?
Ali je to delo mogoče opraviti s premično dvižno delovnoploščadjo (MEWP) namesto z lestvijo, in sicer s predhodno organizacijo dela (začasno zaprtje ulice, uporabaverig luči,upoštevanjeoddaljenostiod električnih vodovitd.)?
3.1.8 GIVE COLLECTIVE MEASURES PRIORITY
3.1.8 DAJANJE PREDNOSTI KOLEKTIVNIM UKREPOM
3.1.7 PLANNING A COHERENT OVERALL PREVENTION
3.1.7 NAČRTOVANJE SKLADNE CELOVITE PREVENTIVNE
‘The employer shall develop a coherent overall prevention policy which covers technology, organisation ofwork, working conditions, social relationships and theinfluence of factors related to the working environment’ –Article 6(2)(g) of Directive 89/391/EEC (the ‘Framework Directive’) on the introduction of measures to encourageimprovements in the safety and health of workers at work.
„Delodajalec razvije skladno celovito preventivno politiko, ki zajema tehnologijo, organizacijo dela, delovnerazmere, socialne odnose in vpliv dejavnikov, povezanihz delovnim okoljem“ — člen 6(2)(g) Direktive89/391/EGS („Okvirna direktiva“) o uvedbi ukrepov zaspodbujanje izboljšav varnosti in zdravja delavcev pridelu.
While it often seems simpler to ask each worker to protecthimself individually (harness, etc.), it should be borne inmind that it is more effective to provide a collective protection system (guard rail, platform, net, etc.).
Tudi če se pogosto zdi, da jeenostavneje od vsakegadelavca zahtevati, da zavaruje samega sebe (varnostnipas itd.), pa je treba upoštevati, da je uporaba kolektiv-negavarovalnega sistema (varovalna ograja, ploščad,mreža itd.) učinkovitejša.
On the basisof the general principles of prevention [Article 6, paragraph 2, (h) of Framework Directive 89/391/EEC], ‘theemployer shall give collective protective measures priorityover individual protective measures’.
Na podlagi splošnih načel preventive [člen 6(2)(h) Okvirne direktive 89/391/EGS],„delodajalec daje prednost kolektivnim zaščitnim ukrepom pred individualnimi“.
Similarly it is pos -sible to replace individual access equipment (leaders) withcollective equipment (scaffolding, platforms, etc.) to giveworkers maximum protection against the risk of falls.
Prav tako je opremo za individualni dostop (lestve) mogoče zamenjati s kolektivnoopremo (zidarski odri, ploščadi itd.), ki delavce kar najbolje varuje pred tveganjem za padce.
In most cases, the risk assessment will confirm this.
V večini primerov bo to potrdila ocena tveganja.
HOW TO ASSESS RISKS?
KAKO OCENITI TVEGANJA?
FIVE STEPS TO RISK ASSESSMENT
PET KORAKOV ZA OCENO TVEGANJA
What is a risk assessment?
Kaj je ocena tveganja?
It is preferable to provide two window cleaners with amobile elevated work platform (MEWP) or a cradle ratherthan asking them to work suspended and secured by personal protective equipment.
Čistilcema oken bi bilo boljezagotoviti premično dvižnodelovno ploščad (MEWP) ali zidarski oder, kot pa odnjiju zahtevati, da delo opravljata v visečem položaju inzaščitena z osebno varovalno opremo.
Article 6 of Framework Directive 89/391/EEC requiresthe employer ‘within the context of his responsibilities, totake the measures necessary for the safety and healthprotection of workers, including prevention of occupational risks and provision of information and training, as wellas provision of the necessary organisation and means’.He must apply these measures on the basis of the following general principles of prevention (among others):avoiding risks,evaluating the risks which cannot be avoided.
V skladu s členom 6 Okvirne direktive 89/391/EGSmora delodajalec „v okviru svojih odgovornosti sprejetiukrepe, potrebne za zagotovitev varnosti in zaščitozdravja delavcev, vključno s preprečevanjem poklicnihtveganj, zagotavljanjem obveščanja in usposabljanja terzagotavljanjem potrebne organizacije in sredstev.“ Teukrepe mora izvajati na podlagi naslednjih načel preventive (med drugimi):izogibanje tveganjemvrednotenje tveganj, katerim se ni mogoče izogniti.
Risk assessment consists in carefully examining the situ -ations in which workers are exposed to different risks attheir workstation or during their work.
Ocena tveganja vključuje natančno proučitev razmer, vkaterih so delavci izpostavljeni različnim tveganjem nadelovni postaji ali med opravljanjem dela.
It must lead to the definition of measures to prevent therisks to health and safety.
Privesti mora do opredelitve ukrepov za preprečitev tveganja za zdravje in varnost.
It is important to establish whether there are risks, andwhether adequate precautions have been taken to eliminate or minimise them.
Pomembno je ugotoviti, ali so prisotna tveganja ter ali sobili sprejeti ustrezni previdnostni ukrepi za odpravo alikar največje zmanjšanje tveganj.
3.Keypointsforprevention
3.1.9 DAJANJE USTREZNIH NAVODIL DELAVCEM
Providing instructions for workers required to work at aheight is essential for the effectiveness of preventive measures.
Zagotovitev navodil delavcem, ki opravljajo delo na višini, je bistvena za učinkovitost preventivnih ukrepov.
Finally, Article 10 of Framework Directive 89/391/EECobliges employers to take appropriate measures ‘so thatworkers and/or their representatives in the undertakingand/or establishment receive, in accordance with national laws and/or practices which may take account of, inparticular, the size of the undertaking and/or establishment, all the necessary information concerning safetyand health risks and protective and preventive measuresin respect of both the undertaking in general and eachtype of workstation and/or job’.
Nazadnje pa člen10 Okvirne Direktive 89/391/EGSdelodajalce zavezuje k sprejetju ustreznih ukrepov, „dadelavci in/ali njihovi zastopniki v podjetju in/ali obratu vskladu z nacionalnimi zakoni in/ali prakso, ki lahko meddrugim upoštevajo velikost podjetja in/ali obrata, prejmejo vsa potrebna obvestila v zvezi z varnostnimi inzdravstvenimi tveganji ter zaščitnimi in preventivnimiukrepi glede podjetja in/ali obrata nasplošno ter vsakevrste delovnega mesta in/ali dela“.
Whether it be work instructions, precautions to be takenor prohibitions, it is important to give each worker therele vant information.
Ne glede na to, ali gre za delovna navodila, opozorilaali prepovedi, je pomembno, da vsak delavec prejmeustrezne informacije.
Has the worker received the right instructions foraccessing the upper areas of the conveyor belts?From his workstation, can the worker see conveyorline blockages and signs indicating emergency stop-pages?Does the worker know that he must not approach amoving belt?
V primeru čiščenja transportnih trakov v izluževalnici si jepomembno zastaviti naslednja vprašanja:Ali je delavec prejel ustrezna navodila za dostop dovišje ležečih delov transportnih trakov?Ali lahko delavec s svojega delovnegapoložaja vidikrmilno enototransportnega traku in znake za ustavitev v sili?Ali delavec ve, da se ne sme približati tekočemutraku, kadar ta obratuje?
Identify risks
Ugotovitev tveganj
Look for risks that could result in injury under the conditions in your workplace.
Preverite tveganja, ki bi v razmerah na vašem delovnemmestu lahko privedla do poškodb.
Non-exhaustive list of risks or dangerous situations:slipping/tripping (e.g. poorly maintained floors orstairs)fire (e.g. flammable materials)
Neizčrpen seznam tveganj ali nevarnih razmer:zdrs/spotik (npr. slabo vzdrževana tla ali stopnice),požar (npr. vnetljivi materiali),kemikalije (npr. akumulatorska kislina),gibljivi deli strojev (npr. rezila),
montage - Q7:Mise en page 1 16-10-2007 12:54 Pagina 16 or k at a height) chemicals (e.g. battery acid)moving parts of machinery (e.g. blades)work at a height (e.g. on mezzanines)projection of materials (e.g. from plastic moulding)pressure systems (e.g. steam boilers)vehicles (e.g. fork-lift trucks)electricity (e.g. wiring)dust (e.g. from grinding)fumes (e.g. from welding)manual handling of loadsnoiselightingtemperature.
delo na višini (npr. na vmesnih etažah),ostanki, ki letijo naokrog (npr. pri vlivanju plastike),tlačni sistemi (npr. parni kotli),vozila (npr. viličarji),elektrika (npr. električna napeljava),prah (npr. pri brušenju),dim (npr. pri varjenju),ročno premeščanje bremen,hrup,razsvetljava,temperatura.
Is it necessary to do more to control risks?
Ali je za nadzor tveganj potrebno storiti več?
Manufacturers’ instructions can also help spot risks. Socan accident and sickness records.
Neobvezna navodila dobrega ravnanja za izvajanje Direktive 201/ 4 5/ ES (delo na višini)
For the risks listed in the risk assessment, do the precautions already taken:meet the rules laid down by a legal requirement?comply with a recognised professional standard?represent good practice?eliminate risks?minimise risks?
Vzvezi z že sprejetimi previdnostnimi ukrepi za tveganja, našteta v oceni tveganja, je treba vprašati naslednje:ali izpolnjujejo zakonsko predpisane predpise;ali so v skladu s priznanim strokovnim standardom;ali so v skladu z dobro prakso;ali odpravljajo tveganja;ali v največji možni meri zmanjšujejo tveganja.
Have you provided:sufficient information and training?appropriate systems or procedures?
Ali ste zagotovili:zadostne informacije in usposabljanje?ustrezne sisteme ali postopke?
If so, then the risks are adequately controlled, but youneed to indicate the precautions you have in place (youmay refer to procedures, company rules, etc.).
Če je tako, je nadzor tveganj zadosten, navesti pa morate previdnostne ukrepe, ki jih izvajate (sklicujete se lahkona postopke, pravilnik podjetja itd.).
Who might get injured?
Kdo se lahko poškoduje?
Pay particular attention to specific groups of workers,such as:
Če je nadzor tveganj nezadosten, navedite dodatnepotrebne ukrepe („seznam ukrepov“).
The risk assessment must be appropriate.
Navedba imen posameznikov ni potrebna.
disabled workersyoung workersnew and expectant mothersinexperienced staff, traineeslone workersself-employed workersany worker who might be considered vulnerableworkers who do not understand the local language.
Za nadzor tveganj uporabite spodnja načela, če jemogoče, v sledečem vrstnem redu:izberite manj tvegano možnost;preprečite dostop do vira tveganja;delo organizirajte tako, da zmanjšate izpostavljenosttveganju;prednost dajte uporabi kolektivnih zaščitnih ukrepov;razdelite osebno varovalno opremo (OVO).
You need to be able to show that:a proper check was carried out;you thought about who might be affected;
Določititi je treba skupine ljudi, ki opravljajo podobnadela, npr.:osebje v pisarnah,vzdrževalci,pogodbeni izvajalci,delavci iz drugih podjetij, ki so zaposleni na istemdelovnemmestu,delavci,čistilci,prebivalstvo.