natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
These costs were tantamount to a ‘tax’ on doing business and used toamount to 1% of GDP.
Ti stroški so bili ekvivalentni «davku» na poslovanje in so znašali en odstotek BDP.
They have largely disappeared because more than 80% of the trade of euro-areacountries is now with one another.
V glavnem so izginili, kajti države evro območja več kot 80 odstotkov svoje trgovine opravijomed seboj.
Companies in the euro area that trade with the rest of the world have the automatic advantage of usingan international currency.
Podjetja evro območja, ki trgujejo s preostalim svetom, imajo avtomatično prednost zaradi tega,ker uporabljajo mednarodno valuto.
They can often protect themselves against variations in exchange rates simplyby billing their customers in euro.
Pred nihanji deviznih tečajev se lahko pogosto zaščitijo preprosto tako, da svojim strankam izdajajo račune v evrih.
It is much easier to do that than it was in the past to persuade a clientto pay in Greek drachma or Finnish markka.
To je veliko enostavneje, kot pa je bilo vpreteklosti prepričati stranko, da plača v grških drahmah ali finskih markah.
More to EMU than the euro
Ekonomska in monetarna unijaje več kot evro
Economic and monetary union meansrespecting a set of rules known as the Stability and Growth Pact. These rulesare designed to keep the economies ofthe EU moving in the same directionand lead to sustainable growth.
Ekonomska in monetarna unija pomeni upoštevanje določenih pravil,znanih kot pakt stabilnosti in rasti.Namen teh pravil je zagotoviti, da sojavne finance držav članic zdrave,kar je zelo pomembno za doseganje trajnostne rasti.
These contain an additional element: information on howthese economies are performing inrelation to the Maastricht criteria forjoining the euro.
Ti vsebujejo dodatne informacije o tem,kako uspešna so ta gospodarstvapri izpolnjevanju maastrichtskih kriterijev za vstop v evroobmočje.
Each euroarea country provides the necessary information in the
Vsako leto Komisija in države članice preverijo, ali se določila pakta
The Stability and Growth Pact commits all EU countries to the principle of budgets that are balanced ornearly balanced.
Pakt stabilnosti in rasti vse države EU zavezuje k načelu uravnoteženega ali skoraj uravnoteženegaproračuna v srednjeročnem obdobju.
In other words, EU member states should not spend more than they earn.
Z drugimi besedami, države članice EU ne smejo trošiti več,kot zaslužijo.
That way theycan avoid the sorts of debt build-up which in the past have left governments either needing to increasetaxes or short of money to spend on their citizens and on investment.
Tako se lahko izognejo kopičenju dolgov, zaradi česar so morale vlade v preteklostizviševati davke ali zniževati izdatke, namenjene državljanom in za naložbe.
If economic growth slows, tax revenues dip because businesses are doing less well, consumers are spending less and governments need to spend more on unemployment benefit. Under these circumstances,some extra borrowing may be justified.
Če se gospodarska rast upočasni, se davčni prihodki zmanjšajo, ker podjetja slabše poslujejo, potrošniki manj trošijo, vlade pa morajo več denarja prispevati za kritje brezposelnosti.V takih okoliščinah je določeno dodatno zadolževanje lahko upravičeno.
However, if budgets are in a fundamentally sound position to startwith, governments should have enough leeway to keep their deficits below 3% of GDP.
Če pa do tega pride, ko so proračunizdravi, imajo vlade dovolj manevrskega prostora, da svoj primanjkljaj obdržijo pod 3 odstotki BDP.
It allows governments to exceed the 3% margin in exceptional circumstances.
Gospodarstva lahko zaidejo v stisko brez krivde vlad, ki jih upravljajo.
Economies can run into hard times through no fault of the governments managing them.Unforeseen events can rock the international economy – for example, the terrorist attacks in the United States on 11 September 2001, or the oil price rise that preceded the war in Iraq in 2003.
Nepredvideni dogodki lahko zamajejo mednarodno gospodarstvo – na primer teroristični napadi v Združenih državah Amerike 11. septembra 2001 ali rast cen nafte pred vojno v Iraku leta 2003.
If a member state does break the rules of the Pact without good reason, it will be warned to take corrective action very quickly.
Če država članica pravila pakta prekrši brez utemeljenega razloga, je opozorjena, da mora kršenječim prej odpraviti.V nasprotnem primeru lahko Evropska komisija in druge države EU uvedejo korektivne ukrepe.
Otherwise, the European Commission and the other EU countries may impose corrective measures.
Če to ne bi zadoščalo za saniranje proračuna, bi morala neposlušna država članica pri Komisiji položiti denar, ki se ne obrestuje.
If that were not a sufficient incentive to get the budget back under control, the recalcitrant member state would have to deposit money interest-free with the Commission.
Če tudi to še ne bi prepričalo države članice, da biuredila svoje finance, bi lahko ta denar v celoti izgubila.
If this were still notenough to persuade the member state to put its house in order, it could forfeit that money altogether.That is justified because an excessive deficit in one EU country can have negative effects on the others.
To je upravičeno, saj lahko presežni primanjkljaj v eni državi EU negativno vpliva na vse druge države.
The ECB sets its rates at the level itbelieves will keep prices in the euroarea stable.
ECB svoje obresti določa na ravni,za katero meni, da bo zagotavljalastabilne cene na območju evra.
It aims to keep inflationclose to but less than 2% in themedium term, thus steering a safecourse between the twin risks of deflation and excessive inflation.
Njencilj je, da inflacijo srednjeročnoobdrži blizu, vendar pod dvema odstotkoma, s čimer določa kurz meddvojno nevarnostjo, deflacijo in previsoko inflacijo.
In addition, the Commission constantlymonitors how member states are meeting targets for integrating the EUeconomy still further in every sectorfrom finance to research and development, from energy to transport. It alsochecks whether the environmentalimplications of economic policy decisions have been properly taken intoaccount.
Sicer pa Komisija ves čas spremlja,kako države članice izpolnjujejo cilje za nadaljnje povezovanje evropskega gospodarstva na vseh področjih, od financ do raziskav inrazvoja, od energije do transporta.Pri tem preverja, ali so bile ustreznoupoštevane okoljske posledice gospodarskih odločitev.
In addition, the Commissionmonitors progress in creating jobs andmaking the job market accessible to asmany people as possible. The overriding objective is to ensure sustainablegrowth and an inclusive society.
Razen tega Komisija spremlja tudi napredek priustvarjanju delovnih mest in pri prizadevanjih, da se trg dela naredidostopen čim večjemu številu ljudi.Poglavitni cilj je zagotoviti trajnostno rast in vključujočo družbo.
The Bank also manages the currencyreserves of the euro area and has thepower to sell and buy foreign exchangeon international currency markets toinfluence the exchange rate of theeuro.
Banka tudi upravlja z deviznimi rezervami evro območja in je pooblaščena za prodajo in nakup deviz namednarodnih valutnih trgih, s čimervpliva na menjalni tečaj evra.
However, it does not have a setview of the appropriate level of theexchange rate.
Vendartega, katera je primerna višina menjalnega tečaja evra, ne odreja.
Its policy focus is oninflation.
Njena politika je usmerjena predvsemna inflacijo.
Stable prices create a stable economicenvironment, and the European Central Bank (ECB) plays a crucial role inachieving this stability for the euroarea.
Stabilne cene ustvarjajo stabilnogospodarsko okolje in Evropskacentralna banka (ECB) igra ključnovlogo pri doseganju te stabilnosti naobmočju evra.
It does so by setting the interestrates it uses in its dealings with banks,and these in turn act as a baseline forall euroarea interest rates.
To dosega z določanjem obrestnih mer, ki jih uporabljapri svojem poslovanju z bankami,
Growth must besustainable.
Razvoj mora bititrajnosten.
Headquartered in Frankfurt, the European Central Bank is the hub of the European System of Central Banks(ESCB). All EU central banks are partof the ESCB.
S sedežem v Frankfurtu je Evropskacentralna banka središče Evropskega sistema centralnih bank (ESCB).Vse centralne banke EU so del ESCB.
This gives all of them asay, for example, in the choice of technology to ensure that businesses andbanks can move money efficientlyacross the EU.
S tem imajo vse pravico dosoodločanja, na primer pri izbiri tehnologije, ki naj bi zagotavljala, da bipodjetja in banke učinkovito premeščala denarna sredstva po celi EU.
However, only the euroarea central banks are consulted whenthe ECB sets interest rates for the euroarea.
Vendarle se ECB posvetuje samo s centralnimi bankami z evroobmočja, ko določa obrestne mere zaevroobmočje.
The impact of the euro used alongside the dollar by centralbanks as a reserve currency, i.e. thestore of convertible currency they keepfor monetary emergencies.
Sicer pa poleg dolarja centralne banke vedno bolj uporabljajo kotrezervno valuto evro, to je kot konvertibilno valuto, ki jo hranijo za izredne ukrepe na denarnem trgu.
Lower interest rates meancheaper mortgages.
Nižje obrestne mere pomenijocenejša hipotekarna posojila.
Change was evident in financial markets as soon as the euro was introduced in ‘virtual ‘ form in 1999.
Sprememba je bila na finančnihtrgih očitna takoj, ko je bil evro uveden v «virtualni» obliki leta 1999.
Euroarea governments were in most casesimmediately paying less interest onmoney they borrowed.
Vlade z evroobmočja so v večini primerov takoj začele plačevati manjobresti za izposojeni denar.
On the onehand, they were operating in a stable,low-inflation environment which keepsinterest rates low.
Po enistrani so delovale v stabilnem okolju z nizko inflacijo, ki ohranja nizkeobrestne mere.
On the other, theywere borrowing in a highly liquid currency, in other words a currency forwhich there are always plenty of buyers and sellers.
Po drugi strani so siizposojale v visoko likvidni valuti, torej v valuti, za katero je vedno velikokupcev in prodajalcev.
Lively demand keepsinterest rates competitive.
Živahno povpraševanje ohranja obrestne merekonkurenčne.
Lower interest rates keep the cost of debt repayment down and leaves governmentsmore room to reduce taxes or moremoney to spend on health, pensions,social welfare or infrastructure.
Nizke obrestne merepomenijo nizke stroške vračila dolgov in dajejo vladam več manevrskega prostora za zniževanje davkov ali namenjanje več denarja zazdravstvo, pokojnine, socialno skrbstvo ali infrastrukturo.
Businesses and consumers benefit too.Lower interest rates make investmentmore affordable for businesses andmake mortgages cheaper for housebuyers.
Koristi imajo tudi podjetja in potrošniki. Zaradi nizkih obrestnih mer sonaložbe za podjetja cenovno boljdostopne in hipotekarna posojila zakupce hiš cenejša.
Benefits not limited to theeuro area
Koristi niso omejene na evroobmočje
Othercountries, both in and outside the EU,are borrowing in euro as well.
Koristi evra, te nove mednarodnevalute, ne uživajo samo države evroobmočja.
They canreap some of the same benefits fromthe fact this is a liquid, internationallyrecognised currency.
Tudi druge države, takov EU kot izven nje, najemajo posojila v evrih.
They often alsowant to diversify their currency holdings and the euro gives them an additional international currency in whichto do this.
Tako lahko uživajo del istih koristi zaradi dejstva, da je evrolikvidna, mednarodno priznana va-
Notes and coins make the euro real
Evro se je udejanjil s pojavom bankovcev in kovancev
For the general public, economic and monetary union made a really tangible impact only when euro notesand coins were introduced on 1 January 2002.
Za splošno javnost je bil vpliv ekonomske in monetarne unije otipljiv šele z uvedbo bankovcev in kovancev 1. januarja 2002.
There are notes of seven different values and coins of eightdifferent values.
Bankovci so v sedmih različnih vrednostih in kovanci v osmih različnih vrednostih.
Each coin has a European design on one side and on the other a symbol of the countrywhere it was issued. The notes, on the other hand, have no national features.
Vsak kovanec ima na eni strani evropski motiv in na drugi simbol države, v kateri je bil izdan.Bankovci nimajo nobenih nacionalnih elementov.
Euro notes and coins, regardless of where they were issued, can be used everywhere in the euro area and in some other countries too.
Ne glede na to, kje so bili izdani, se evro bankovci inkovanci lahko uporabljajo na celotnem evroobmočju in tudi v nekaterih drugih državah.
Once citizens of the 12 euroarea countries had the cash in their hands and pockets, it brought home to themhow much easier travel had become, and how it has added to their purchasing power.
Takoj ko so prebivalci 12 držav evroobmočja imeli gotovino v rokah in žepih, so spoznali, da lahko enostavneje potujejo in da se je njihova kupna moč povečala.
Before the euro wasintroduced, the cost of changing money could amount to 1% of the cost of a holiday, and significantly morefor someone visiting several countries and changing only small sums of money each time.
Pred uvedbo evra so stroški menjave denarja lahko znašali tudi odstotek stroškov počitnic in še bistveno več za tiste, ki so obiskali več državter vsakič menjavali samo majhne vsote denarja.
The euro has madepeople cannier shoppers, able to compare prices and to buy where goods are cheapest.
Zaradi evra so ljudje postali previdnejši kupci, saj lahko primerjajo cene in kupujejo tam, kjer je blago najcenejše.
All this has been facilitated by EU rules on charges for withdrawing euro from cash machines, for paying bycredit card and for transferring euro to another country. These charges have come down sharply or disappeared altogether.
Vse to so olajšali predpisi EU o stroških dvigovanja evrov na bankomatih, plačevanja s kreditnimi karticami in nakazovanja evrov v drugo državo.Ti stroški so se močno znižali ali pa jih sploh ni več.
Euro coins reflect Europe’s unityyet diversity: one side of eachcoin has a national design.
Evrokovanci odražajoenotnost in obenemraznolikost Evrope: na enistran vsakega kovanca jeevropski motiv.
European economic integration hascome about in a series of logical steps.To realise the full potential of the customs union, the EU clearly required asingle market.
Evropsko gospodarsko povezovanje je potekalo v zaporedju logičnihfaz. Za uresničitev polnega potenciala carinske unije je EU nedvomnopotrebovala enotni trg.
And the single marketmakes most sense for many countrieswhen trade is conducted in a single currency.
In za številnedržave je enotni trg pravi le, če se nanjem trguje v enotni valuti.
There are still bureaucratic barriers totrade in other services too, and the Commission is encouraging serviceproviders to overcome these obstaclesby adopting European codes of conduct.
Tu so še vedno birokratske ovire zatrgovino in druge storitve in Komisija spodbuja ponudnike storitev, date ovire premagajo s sprejetjem evropskih kodeksov poslovanja.
It is also pushing the public sector to do more to attract bids from companies in other countries when buyinggoods and services.
Spodbuja tudi javni sektor, da pri nakupublaga in storitev naredi več, da bipridobil ponudbe podjetij iz drugihdržav.
The extra competition could save the public sector 1% ofwhat it spends.
Dodatna konkurenca bi javnemu sektorju lahko prihranila odstotek njegovih izdatkov.
Unleashing digital potential
Sprostitev digitalnega potenciala
However, there is still unfinished business.
Vendar delo še ni končano.
More needs to be done to unlockthe potential of the single market inservices and to promote the digitaleconomy, entrepreneurship and innovation.
Več jetreba narediti za sprostitev potenciala enotnega trga storitev ter zapospeševanje digitalne ekonomije,podjetništva in inovacij.
Pressures to backslide on soundpublic finances must be resisted.
Treba se jeupreti pritiskom, ki ogrožajo javne finance.
Finishing the work on services
Dokončati delo na področju storitev
Unleashing Europe’s digital potentialis equally vital to continuing growth.EU governments have already agreedto ensure that access to the Internet ischeap, fast and secure and to investheavily in providing people with Internet skills.
Sprostitev digitalnega potenciala Evrope je prav tako vitalnega pomena za nadaljnjo rast. Vlade EU so seže dogovorile, da bodo zagotovilepoceni, hiter in varen dostop do interneta ter da bodo namenile obsežna sredstva za usposabljanje ljudi zadelo z internetom.
The EU is also working tostimulate a whole range of online activities such as e-commerce, onlinegovernment services, online health services, European web content and theuse of intelligent technologies to tackletransport bottlenecks.
EU si tudi prizadeva spodbuditi celo vrsto dejavnosti na internetu, kot so e-trgovina,vladne storitve na internetu, zdravstvene storitve na internetu, evropske spletne vsebine in uporaba inteligentne tehnologije pri odpravljanju ozkih grl v prometu.
More integration of financial serviceswill bring measurable benefits.
Večje povezovanje na področju finančnih storitev bo prineslo izmerljive učinke.
Forexample, making it easier for companies to issue shares and bonds as analternative to borrowing could save0.3% of GDP.
Na primer, če bi podjetjalaže izdajala delnice in obveznice,namesto da bi najemala posojila, bito lahko pomenilo prihranek 0,3 odstotka BDP.
The creation of a trulysingle market in stocks and shareswould, overall, add at least 1.1% to GDP and increase employment by halfa percentage point.
Vzpostavitev resničnoenotnega trga delnic in lastniškihdeležev bi k BDP skupno dodalavsaj 1,1 odstotka ter povečala zaposlenost za pol odstotne točke.
If banking marketswere truly integrated, that could save1.5% of GDP.
Čebi bili bančni trgi dejansko povezani,bi to pomenilo prihranek 1,5 odstotka BDP.
Much has already beenachieved and the remainder is due forcompletion by 2005.
Velikoježebilodoseženega, preostalo je treba dokončati do leta2005.
Unlocking entrepreneurialpotential problems – to cut red tape, provide easier access to start-up capital and introduce a cheaper and more efficientpatent system.
Sprostitev podjetniškegapotenciala tivnih postopkov, olajševanje pridobivanja začetnega kapitala in uvedbo cenejšega in učinkovitejšega patentnega sistema.
Closing the technology gap
Premostitev tehnološkegarazkoraka
It is important to change mindsets andremove the barriers to creating anddeveloping new businesses.
Pomembno bo spremeniti načinmišljenja in odstraniti ovire za ustanavljanje in razvoj novih podjetij.
Europeanslag behind Americans in this area:Europeans are more comfortable inemployment than being self-employed.Yet job satisfaction is higher amongthose who run their own businesses.
Natem področju Evropejci zaostajajoza Američani: Evropejcem je zaposlitev pri delodajalcu ljubša od samozaposlitve. In vendar je zadovoljstvopri delu večje pri tistih, ki imajo svoje podjetje.
When Europeans do start new ventures, these tend to grow more slowlythan their American counterparts. Bar-300riers to innovation are a major reason.
Ko Evropejci ustanovijo nova podjetja, se njihovo poslovanje razvijapočasneje kot pri ameriških kolegih.Glavni razlog za to so ovire inovacijam.
These include bureaucracy, difficulties250in borrowing money to start new busi- nesses and the high costs of obtaining200patents.
Te vključujejo birokracijo, težave pri sposojanju denarja za ustanovitev podjetij in visoke stroške zapridobitev patentov.
The European Commission is
Evropska komisija spodbuja ukrepe, s katerimi bise bilo mogoče spoprijeti z vsemitemi težavami – krčenje administra-
Finally, it is crucial to close the technology gap with the United States and Japan.
Za EU je ključno to, da v tehnološkem razvoju dohiti Združene državein Japonsko.
The EU spends less than 2% of GDP on research and technologicaldevelopment; the US spends nearly 3%and Japan is not far behind the US. Inthe EU, high technology accounts for10.1% of value added in manufacturing, as against 13.8% in Japan and25.8% in the US.
EU porabi manj kot dvaodstotka BDP za raziskave in tehnološki razvoj, medtem ko ZDA porabijo skoraj tri odstotke, Japonska pane dosti manj.V EU visoka tehnologija prinaša 10,1 odstotka dodanevrednosti v predelovalni industriji, na Japonskem 13,8 odstotka in v ZDA25,8 odstotka.
Expenditure on information and communications technology is 6.93% of GDP in the EU, 8.22%in the US and 8.98% in Japan.
V EU se za informacijsko in komunikacijsko tehnologijoporabi 6,93 odstotka BDP, v ZDA8,22 odstotka in na Japonskem 8,98odstotka.
0 Investment in research and development in the world’s top economies
Naložbe v raziskave in razvoj v najboljših svetovnihgospodarstvih
Government Business o
Neprofitni sektor Visoko šolstvo v o
Bi l io ns of eu r
Vlada Podjetja r v de e
The figures for US and Japanare for 2000; the figures forthe EU are for 2001.
Podatki za ZDA in Japonskoso za leto 2000; podatki za EUso za leto 2001.
Japan
ZDA
Building for the future efficient financial markets without borders will give governments and individual citizens the best return on theirmoney.
Bolj ko zamuja sprostitev potencialov in dodatna rast, ki iz tega izhaja,večji je pritisk na državne proračune, saj ti potrebujejo davčne prihodke iz uspešnega gospodarstva, dabi plačali javne storitve in pokojnine.
Going for growth and more jobswill generate tax revenues for governments to spend on pensions, healthcare and other social safety nets.
gospodarstva, s pospeševanjempovezovanja in z ohranjanjem zdrave proračunske politike. Z učinkovitejšimi finančnimi trgi brez meja sebo vladam in državljanom denar najbolje povrnil.
The more delays there are in realisingthe potential and the extra growth thiscan bring, the greater the pressure ongovernment budgets, since they needtax revenues from a successful economy to pay for public services andpensions.
Prizadevanja za gospodarsko rast in odpiranje novih delovnih mest bodo vladam prineslavečje davčne prihodke, ki jih bodolahko porabile za pokojnine, zdravstveno varstvo in druge ukrepe socialne varnosti.
Governments are finding it increasinglydifficult to pay for pensions and healthcare as life expectancy increases, people retire earlier, birth rates fall andexpectations rise that advances in medical technology will be universally available.
Ob daljši pričakovani življenjski dobi, zgodnejšem upokojevanju, upadanju števila rojstev in večjih pričakovanjih, da bo vsem dostopennapredek v medicinski tehnologiji,vlade čedalje težje plačujejo za pokojnine in zdravstveno varstvo.
The pensions and health care oftoday’s older generation are paid forfrom the contributions of those in work.In Europe today, there are four peopleof working age for every pensioner, butby 2040 this ratio will be only two toone.
Pokojnine in zdravstveno varstvo današnje starejše generacije seplačujejo iz prispevkov zaposlenih.Danes je v Evropi na štiri ljudi delovne starosti en upokojenec, vendarbo to razmerje do leta 2040 samodva na enega.
The EU does not, however, see growthand job creation as ends in themselves.Growth must be sustainable in theinterests of the long-term welfare of itscitizens and their environment.
Vendar pa v EU niso mnenja, da stagospodarska rast in odpiranje novihdelovnih mest sama sebi namen.Rast je treba vzdrževati v interesutrajne blaginje državljanov in njihovega okolja.
So is equal opportunity.
Poleg tega imajo ljudje
Growth will pay for herhealth care and her pension.
Gospodarska rast boplačala njeno zdravstvenovarstvo in pokojnino.
Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities
Luxembourg: Urad za publikacije Evropskih skupnosti, 2004
Economic and social progress and constant improvements in living and workingconditions are fundamental objectives for the European Union.
Gospodarski in socialni napredek ter nenehno izboljševanje življenjskih indelovnih razmer so temeljni cilji Evropske unije.