natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
About 150 years ago, a man called Henry Bessemer invented a ‘blast furnace’ that could produce largeamounts of steel quite cheaply.
Pred približno 150 leti je Henry Bessemer izumil plavž, ki je lahko z nizkimi stroški proizvedel velikekoličine jekla.
Soon Europe was producing huge quantities of it, and it changed theworld!
Kmalu je Evropa proizvajala ogromne količine jekla, kar je spremenilo svet!
Cheap steel made it possible to build skyscrapers, huge bridges, ocean liners, cars, fridges...Powerful guns and bombs too.
Poceni jeklo jeomogočilo gradnjo nebotičnikov, velikih mostov, prekooceanskih ladij, avtomobilov, hladilnikov ... pa tudimočnega orožja in bomb.
The modern world – roughly 1880 until today
Moderni svet – približno od leta 1880 do danes
Other European inventions from the 1870s onwards helped create the world we know today.
Drugi evropski izumitelji so od sedemdesetih let devetnajstega stoletja naprej pomagali ustvariti svet,
Television and motorways Radar and the biro pen Instant coffee First jet aircraft First computer
Danes je približno četrtina delovnih ljudi v Evropi zaposlena v proizvodnji stvari, ki jih sodobni svet potrebuje:hrane in pijače; mobilnih telefonov in računalnikov; oblačilin pohištva; pralnih strojev in televizijskih sprejemnikov; avtomobilov, avtobusov in tovornjakov ter mnogih drugih stvari.
About seven out of every 10 European workers have ‘service’ jobs.
Sedem od desetih evropskih delavcev opravlja storitve.
In other words, they work in shops and postoffices, banks and insurance companies, hotels and restaurants, hospitals and schools, etc. – either sellingthings or providing services that people need.
Zdrugimi besedami, delajo v trgovinah in poštah, bankah inzavarovalnicah, hotelih in restavracijah, bolnišnicah inšolah itd. – tam bodisi prodajajo blago bodisi opravljajo druge storitve, ki jih ljudje potrebujejo.
Europe the lat est mobile phones.
Danes E najsodobnejše mobilne telefone.vropa izdelu je
There are alsomany things to be ashamed of.
V njej je tudi mnogo takega, česar se moramo sramovati.
Down the centuries, European nations fought terrible wars againsteach other. These wars were usually about power and property, or religion.
Evropski narodi so se v grozovitih vojnah, v katerih je običajno šlo za moč in premoženje ali vero, stoletja bojevali drug proti drugem.
European colonists killed millions of native people on other continents – by fighting or mistreatingthem, or by accidentally spreading European diseases among them.
Evropski kolonisti so na drugih celinah ubili na milijone domorodcev – z bojem, slabim ravnanjem alinehotenim širjenjem evropskih bolezni mednje.
Europeans also took millions of Africans to work as slaves.
Evropejci so ugrabili tudi na milijone Afričanov, ki somorali zanje delati kot sužnji.
More than eight
Več kot osem
orld War alone.
lo samo v pr
26 million soldiers died in the First W
26 milijonov vojakov je umr
Many of the world’s great artists, composers, entertainers, inventors, scientists and sports people have come from Europe.
Mnogi veliki svetovni umetniki, skladatelji, osebe iz sveta zabave, izumitelji,znanstveniki in športniki prihajajo iz Evrope.
We mentioned some ofthem in earlier chapters.
Nekatere od njih smo že omenili v prejšnjih poglavjih.
We can’t possibly include them all in this book, so here are just 40 morenames, in alphabetical order and from various European countries, with photos of some of them.
Nemogoče pa je, da bi tukaj vključili prav vse, zato navajamo le še 40 imen, po abecednem vrstnem redu in iz različnih evropskih držav, in pri nekaterih so priložene tudi fotografije.
We have left a blank space on page 29 for your own personal choice.
Za ime po vašem osebnem izboru smo pustili prazen prostor na strani 29.
It could be someone famousfrom your own country, or your favourite European sports team or pop group.
Tja lahko dopišete na primerslavno osebo iz vaše države ali vašo najljubšo športno ekipo ali pop skupino.
Why not find a pictureof them and stick it into the blank space, along with a few facts about them?
Lahko poiščete tudi njihovosliko in jo prilepite na prazen prostor, zraven pa dopišete nekaj informacij o njih.
Pop group: their songs were big hits around the world in the 1970s.
Pop skupina: njihove pesmi so bile v sedemdesetih letih dvajsetega stoletja velike uspešnice po vsem svetu.
Pop group: their songs were big hits around the world in the 1960s.
Pop skupina: njihove pesmi so bile v šestdesetih letih dvajsetega stoletja velike uspešnice po vsem svetu.
Scientist: he discovered radioactivity in 1896.
Znanstvenik: leta 1896 je odkril radioaktivnost.
Composer: wrote a lot of great music.
Skladatelj: napisal je mnogo velikih glasbenih del. Oda radosti(evropska himna) je del njegove Devete simfonije.
Inventor: he invented the World Wide Web, on which the Internet is based.
Izumitelj: izumil je svetovni splet, na katerem temelji internet.
Danish
Danec rys
Scientist: won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922, for his discoveries about the structure of atoms.
Znanstvenik: leta 1922 je dobil Nobelovo nagrado za fiziko za odkritja o strukturi atomov.
Scientist: famous for his experiments on gases and the discovery of ‘Boyle’s Law’.
Znanstvenik: poznan zaradi svojih poskusov s plini in odkritja Boylovega zakona.
Film director and one of the world’s funniest actors.His great films include Modern times.
Filmski režiser in eden največjih komikov vseh časov.Eden njegovih najboljših filmov je film Moderni časi.
Composer and pianist: he wrote many piano pieces including his famous Preludes.
Skladatelj in pianist: napisal je mnogo klavirskih del, mednje spadajo tudi slavni Preludiji.
They were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903.
Leta 1903 sta dobila Nobelovo nagrado za fiziko.
Scientist: he discovered ‘relativity’ – in other words, how matter, energy and time are all related to one another.
Igralka: igrala je v mnogih filmih, med drugim tudi v prvotni različici filma V 80 dneh okoli sveta.
Film director: his great films, including La Strada, won him five Oscar awards.
Znanstvenik: odkril je zakone relativnosti – z drugimi besedami, kako so med seboj povezani snov, energija in čas.
Film director: he won Oscars for his films Amadeusand One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest.
Filmski režiser: dobil je oskarja za svoja filma Amadeusin Let nad kukavičjim gnezdom.
Psychiatrist: he developed ‘psychoanalysis’ – a way of explaining how our minds work.
Psihiater: razvil je tehniko psihoanalize – način za razlago delovanja našega uma.
Tennis player: she won a gold medal at the 2004 Olympic Games.
Teniška igralka: na olimpijskih igrah leta2004 je dobila zlato medaljo.
Artist and writer: he created the Tintinadventures and many other comic book series
Umetnik in pisatelj: ustvaril je zbirko Tintin in njegove pustolovščinein mnoge druge zbirke stripov.
Composer: he wrote some of the world’s most difficult piano music, such as the Transcendental Studies.
Skladatelj: napisal je nekaj najzahtevnejšihklavirskih del na svetu, kot so Transcendentalne študije.
Artist: famous for his ‘impressionist’ style paintings, including several series of Water-lilies.
Umetnik: znan po svojih impresionističnihslikah, med katere spada serija Vodnih lilij.
M e d i a
Delo
Scientist: he invented dynamite in 1866, and he founded the Nobel Prize for great achievements.
Znanstvenik: leta 1866 je izumil dinamit, ustanovil pa je tudi Nobelovo nagrado za velike dosežke.
Athlete: he won a gold medal in the decathlon at the 2000 Olympic Games.
Atlet: na olimpijskih igrah leta 2000 je dobil zlato medaljo v deseteroboju.
Scientist: he discovered that many diseases are caused by germs, and in 1862 he invented ‘pasteurisation’, a way of killing germs in food.
Znanstvenik: odkril je, da mnoge bolezni povzročajo klice in leta 1862 je izumil pasterizacijo,način uničevanja klic v hrani.
Artist: famous for his paintings in the ‘cubist’ style, including Les demoiselles d’Avignon.
Umetnik: znan po svojih slikah v kubističnemslogu, med katere spada delo Gospodične iz Avignona.
Great explorer: more than 700 years ago he travelled through Asia to China, and back again.
Velik raziskovalec: pred več kot 700 leti je potoval po Aziji do Kitajske in nazaj.
Racing driver: he won the World Championship for several years running.
Dirkač: več let zapored je zmagoval na svetovnem prvenstvu.
Composer: his great pieces include Finlandia.
Skladatelj: med njegova velika dela spada Finlandia.
Rock band: their songs have been big hits around the world since 1980.
Rok skupina: od osemdesetih let 20. st. so bile njihove pesmi uspešnice po vsem svetu.
Artist: his many paintings include several of Sunflowers.
Umetnik: med njegove številne slike spada vrsta slik z naslovom Sončnice.
Composer: he wrote many pieces, including The Four Seasons.
Skladatelj: napisal je mnogo glasbenih del, mednje spada delo Štirje letni časi.
Scientist: around 1799 he invented the electric battery.
Znanstvenik: okoli leta 1799 je iznašel električno baterijo.
Footballer: officially the best player of the year in 1998 and 2000.
Nogometaš: uradno izbran za najboljšega igralca v letih 1998 in 2000.
ONE MORE:MY CHOICE
ŠE NEKDOPO LASTNI IZBIRI
My choice:
Po lastni izbiri.
People in Europe speak many different languages.
V Evropi ljudje govorijo mnogo različnih jezikov.
Most of these languages belong to three large groups or ‘families’: Germanic, Slavicand Romance.
Večina teh jezikov pripada trem velikim skupinam ali „družinam“: germanski, slovanski in romanski.
The languages in each group share a family likeness because they are descended fromthe same ancestors.
Jeziki v vsaki skupini so si med seboj sorodni, saj imajo skupne prednike.
For example, Romance languages are descended from Latin – the language spokenby the Romans.
Na primer, romanski jeziki izhajajo iz latinščine – jezika, ki so ga govorili Rimljani.
Here’s how to say ‘Good morning’ or ‘Hello’ in just a few of these languages.
Takole se reče „dobro jutro“ ali „živijo“ v nekaterih od teh jezikov:
Danish Dutch English German Swedish
Danščina Nizozemščina Angleščina Nemščina Švedščina
But there are other European languagesthat are less closely related, or not at all related, to one another.Here’s how to say ‘Good morning’ or ‘Hello’ in just a dozen of these languages.
Vendar pa obstajajo tudi drugi evropski jeziki, ki so manjsorodni ali sploh niso sorodni med seboj.Takole se reče „dobro jutro“ ali „živijo“ v nekaterih od teh jezikov:
Basque Breton Estonian Finnish Gaelic (Scottish)Greek
Baskovščina Bretonščina Estonščina Finščina Galščina (škotska)Grščina
In the language of the Roma people, who live in many parts of Europe, ‘Good morning’ is Lasho dyes.
V jeziku Romov, ki živijo v mnogih delih Evrope, je „dobro jutro“ Lasho dyes.
Learning languages can be great fun – and it’s important on a continent like ours.
Učenje jezikov je lahko zelo zabavno – in na celini, kot je naša, tudi zelo pomembno. Mnogi od nasradi hodimo na počitnice v druge evropske države in tam spoznavamo ljudi.
That’s a greatopportunity to practise the phrases we know in different languages.
To je dobra priložnost zaurjenje znanja besed in fraz, ki jih poznamo v različnih jezikih.
We Europeans belong to many different countries, with different languages, traditions, customs and beliefs.
Evropejci pripadamo mnogim različnim državam in imamo različne jezike in tradicije, navade in verska prepričanja.
Yet we belong together, like a big family, for allsorts of reasons.
Kljub temu pa spadamo skupaj, kot velika družina, in sicer iz različnih razlogov.
•We have shared this continent for thousands of years.•Our languages are often related to one another.•Many people in every country are descended from people from other countries.•Our traditions, customs and festivals often have the same origins.•We share and enjoy the beautiful music and art, and the many plays and stories, that people from all over Europe have given us, down the centuries.•Almost everyone in Europe believes in things like fair play, neighbourliness, freedom to have your own opinions, respect for each other and caring for people in need.
•Na tisoče let smo skupaj živeli na tej celini.•Naši jeziki so pogosto med seboj sorodni.•V vsaki državi živi veliko ljudi, ki so potomci ljudi iz drugih držav.•Naše tradicije, običaji in prazniki imajo pogosto skupen izvor.•Skupni so nam čudovita glasba in umetnost in mnoge igre in zgodbe, ki so nam jih skozi stoletjazapustili ljudje iz vse Evrope.•Skoraj vsakdo v Evropi verjame v vrednote, kot so poštenost, sosedstvo, svoboda lastnega mnenja, medsebojno spoštovanje in skrb za ljudi v stiski.
So we enjoy what’s different and special about our own country and region, but we also enjoy what wehave in common as Europeans.
Zato uživamo v različnostih in posebnostih naših držav in verstev, hkrati pa tudi v tem, kar nam je kot Evropejcem skupnega.
Sadly, there have been many quarrels in the European family.
Žal je bilo v evropski družini že veliko prepirov.
Often they were about who should rule acountry, or which country owned which piece of land.
Pogosto je šlo za to, kdo bo vladal državi ali katera državabo lastnica katerega kosa zemlje.
Sometimes a ruler wanted to gain more power byconquering his neighbours.
Včasih je hotel vladar pridobiti več moči tako, da je si je podvrgelsosede.
One way or another, for hundreds of years, there wereterrible wars in Europe.
Tako ali drugače, v Evropi so na stotine let besnele grozovite vojne.
In the 20th century, two bigwars started on this continent but spread and involvedcountries all around the world.
V dvajsetem stoletju sta se na tej celinizačeli dve veliki vojni in se razširili ter zajeli države povsem svetu.
That is why they arecalled World Wars.
Zato se imenujeta svetovni vojni. V njih jebilo ubitih na milijone ljudi, Evropa pa je ostala vrevščini in razvalinah.
Would Europeans ever learn to sit downtogether and discuss things instead of fighting?
Se lahko Evropejci kdaj naučimo, kako sesti skupaj in razpravljati o stvareh, namesto da bi se bojevali? Odgovor je pritrdilen.
That’s the story of our next chapter:the story of the European Union.
To je zgodba našeganaslednjega poglavja: zgodba o Evropski uniji.
Bringing the family together: thestoryoftheEuropeanUnion
Ponovna združitev družine:zgodba o Evropski uniji
It had been a time of terribledestruction and killing, and it had started in Europe.
To je bil čas strašnegauničevanja in pobijanja, ki sta se začela v Evropi.
How could theleaders of European countries stop such dreadful things from ever happening again?
Kako bi lahko voditelji evropskih držav preprečili, dabi se takšna grozodejstva znova zgodila?
A Frenchman called Jean Monnet thought hardabout this.
O teh vprašanjih je veliko razmišljal Francoz po imenu Jean Monnet.
He realised that there were two thingsa country needed before it could make war: iron forproducing steel (to make tanks, guns, bombsand so on) and coal to provide the energy for factories and railways.
Ugotovil je, da država potrebuje dve stvari, da lahko začne vojno: železoza izdelovanje jekla (za tanke, puške, bombe inpodobne stvari) in premog za energijo za tovarnein železnice.
Europe had plenty of coaland steel: that’s why European countries had easily been able to make weapons and go to war.
Evropa je imela mnogo premoga injekla, zato so evropske države z lahkoto izdelovale orožje in se bojevale.
His idea was that the governments of Franceand Germany – and perhaps of other European countries too – should no longer run their own coaland steel industries.
Francoska in nemška vlada – in morda tudi vlade drugihevropskih držav – naj ne bi več same vodile svojih industrij premoga in jekla.
Instead, these industries should be organised by people from all the countriesinvolved, and they would sit around a table and discuss and decide things together.
Namesto tega bi teindustrije vodili ljudje iz vseh vključenih držav, ki bi sedli skupaj in razpravljali ter skupaj odločali.
That way, warbetween them would be impossible!
Na ta način bi bila vojna med njimi nemogoča!
Jean Monnet felt that his plan really would work if only Europeanleaders were willing to try it.
Jean Monnet je menil, da bi ta načrt resnično deloval, če bi ga le bili evropski voditelji pripravljeni preizkusiti.
He spoke about it to his friend Robert Schuman, who was a minister in the French government.
O njem je govoril s prijateljem Robertom Schumanom, ki je bil minister v francoskivladi.
Robert Schuman thought it was a brilliant idea, and he announced it inan important speech on 9 May 1950.
Robert Schuman je bil mnenja, da je ta zamisel sijajna, inpredstavil jo je v svojem pomembnem govoru dne 9. maja 1950.
The speech convinced not only the French and German leaders but also the leaders of Belgium, Italy,Luxembourg and the Netherlands.
Govor je prepričal ne le francoske in nemške voditelje, ampak tudi voditelje Belgije, Italije, Luksemburga in Nizozemske.
They all decided to put their coal and steel industries together and toform a club they called the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC).
Vse te države so se odločile, da bodo združile svoje industrije premoga in jekla in oblikovaleskupino držav, ki so jo imenovale Evropska skupnost za premog in jeklo (ESPJ). Ta skupnost bi delala zamiroljubne namene in pomagala iz vojnih ruševin ponovno zgraditi Evropo.
The ECSC was set up in 1951.
ESPJ je bila ustanovljena leta1951.
The six countries got on so well working together that they soon decided to start another club, called the European Economic Community (EEC).
Teh šest držav je tako dobro sodelovalo, da so se kmalu odločile ustanoviti novo skupino po imenu Evropskagospodarska skupnost (EGS).
‘Economic’ means ‘to do with the economy’ – in other words, to do with money, business, jobs and trade.
Gospodarskapomeni, da ima opravka z gospodarstvom – z drugimi besedami, z denarjem, poslovanjem,službami in trgovino.
One of the main ideas was that the EEC countrieswould share a ‘common market’, to make it easier totrade together.
Ena glavnih idej je bila, da naj bi imele države EGSskupni trg, da bi lažje trgovale med seboj.
Until then, lorries and trains and bargescarrying goods from one country to another alwayshad to stop at the border, and papers had to bechecked and money called ‘customs duties’ had to bepaid.
Doslej somorali tovornjaki, vlaki in čolni, ki so prevažali blago izene države v drugo, vedno ustaviti na meji in treba jebilo preveriti dokumente ter plačati določen znesekdenarja, ki se je imenoval carina.
This held things up and made goods fromabroad more expensive.
To je zadrževalo prevoz, blago iz tujine pa je bilo dražje.
Queues like this used to
akšne vrste so bile nek
Food and farming
Hrana in kmetovanje
The Second World War had made it very difficult for Europe to produce food or to import it from othercontinents.
Druga svetovna vojna je Evropi otežila proizvajanje hrane in njeno uvažanje iz drugih celin.
Europe was short of food even in the early 1950s.
Še v začetkupetdesetih let dvajsetega stoletja je v Evropi primanjkovalo hrane.
So the EEC decided on an arrangement forpaying its farmers to produce more food, and to make sure that they could earn a decent living from theland.
Zato se je EGS odločila za režim, v okviru katerega je plačevala svojim kmetom, da so pridelovali več hrane in da so zagotovo lahko z obdelovanjem zemlje dovolj zaslužili za življenje.
This arrangement was called the ‘common agriculturalpolicy’ (or CAP).
Ta režim se je imenoval skupna kmetijska politika (ali SKP).
So well, in fact, thatfarmers ended up producingtoo muchfood, and thearrangement had to be changed! Nowadays, the CAPpays farmers mostly to look after the countryside.
No, navsezadnje so kmetjepridelovali preveč hrane in režim je bilo treba spremeniti!Dandanes SKP kmetom plačuje večinoma za to, da skrbijo za podeželje.
Machines like
Takšne napr
© this combine to ha r v ha r v ester est wheat are used and other c r op s.
© in drugih pridelk abljajo za s o v .
The common market was soon making life easier forpeople in the EEC. They had more money to spend,more food to eat and more varied things in theirshops.
Skupni trg je ljudem v EGS kmalu olajšal življenje.Lahko so porabili več denarja, pojedli več hrane in v trgovinah kupovali bolj raznolike stvari.
Other neighbouring countries saw this and,in the 1960s, some of them began asking whetherthey too could join the club.
Sosednjedržave so to videle in v šestdesetih letih 20. st. sonekatere od njih začele spraševati, če bi se lahkopridružile.
After years of discussions, Britain, Denmark and Ireland joined in1973.
Po večletnih razpravah so se leta 1973pridružile Britanija, Danska in Irska.
It was the turn of Greece in 1981, followedby Portugal and Spain in 1986, Austria, Finlandand Sweden in 1995.
Leta 1981 jeenako storila Grčija, ki sta ji leta 1986 sledili Portugalska in Španija, leta 1995 pa Avstrija, Finska in Švedska.
So now the club had 15members.
Sedaj je skupina štela 15 članic.
By the endof 1992 it had finished building the ‘single market’(as it became known), and it was doing a lot morebesides.
Konec leta 1992 je zaključila z oblikovanjem enotnega trga (kot so ga imenovali) in poleg tega delala še veliko stvari.
For example, EEC countries were workingtogether to protect the environment and to buildbetter roads and railways right across Europe.Richer countries helped poorer ones with theirroad-building and other important projects.
Na primer, države EGS so sodelovale pri varstvu okolja ter gradnjiboljših cest in železnic po vsej Evropi. Bogatejšedržave so revnejšim pomagale pri gradnji cest in drugih pomembnih objektov.
E air pollution reducing includes
© enosti zr jšanje onesnaž je električne o izvaja n
To make life easier for travellers, most EEC countrieshad got rid of passport checks at the bordersbetween them.
Večina držav EGS je zato, da bi popotnikom olajšalaživljenje, na mejah med temi državami odpravila kontrole potnih listov.
A person living in one member country was free to go and live and find work in anyother member country.
Oseba, ki je živela v eni državičlanici, je lahko šla v katero koli drugo državo članico in tam živela ter poiskala delo.
The governments were discussing other new ideas too – for example, howpolicemen from different countries could help oneanother catch criminals, drug smugglers and terrorists.
Vlade sorazpravljale tudi o drugih novih zamislih – naprimer, kako bi si lahko policisti iz različnih državpomagali pri lovu na storilce kaznivih dejanj, tihotapce mamil in teroriste.
A policeman and his dog check luggage for drugs.
Policist in njegov pes prdroge.everjata, ali pr tljaga vsebuje
In short, the club was so different and so much more united that, in 1992, it decided to change itsname to the ‘European Union’ (EU).
Na kratko, skupina je bila zdaj tako drugačna in toliko bolj združena, da se je leta 1992 odločila spremeniti svoje ime v Evropska unija (EU).
For many years, the eastern andwestern parts of Europe had been kept apart.
Mnogo let sta bila vzhodni in zahodni del Evrope ločena.
They weren’t at war, but their leaders disagreed strongly.The rulers of the eastern part believed in a system of government called ‘Communism’ which did notallow people much freedom.
Nista se bojevala med seboj, vendar pa so si njuni voditelji močno nasprotovali.
Because of the way they were governed, those countries were poor comparedto western Europe.
Vladarjivzhodnega dela so verjeli v sistem vladanja, imenovan komunizem, ki ljudem ni puščal veliko svobode.Zaradi njihovega načina vladanja so bile te države revne v primerjavi z zahodno Evropo.
The division between east and west was so strong it was often described as an ‘iron curtain’.
Delitev med vzhodom in zahodom je bila tako močna, da so jo pogosto imenovali „železna zavesa“.
In manyplaces the border was marked by tall fences or a high wall, like the one that ran through the city of Berlinand split Germany in two.
Namnogih delih meje so stale visoke ograje ali zid, kot je ta, ki je potekal skozi mesto Berlin in je Nemčijodelil na dvoje.
It was very difficult to get permission to cross this border.
Težko je bilo dobiti dovoljenje za prečkanje te meje.
Finally, in 1989, the division and disagreement ended.
Leta 1989 je bilo navsezadnje konec delitve in nesoglasij.
The Berlin Wallwas knocked down and the ‘iron curtain’ ceased to exist.
Berlinski zidje bil porušen in „železna zavesa“ je prenehala obstajati.