natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Early installations, set up in the 80s and 90s were relatively modest and served isolated families.
Prvotna napeljava iz osemdesetih in devetdesetih let je bila sorazmerno skromna in so jo uporabljale le posamezne družine.
The island is also in a cyclone zone so all the equipment on the roofs must be able to tolerate extreme weather and winds that can reach 280km/h, and be fully insured.
Poleg tega je otok na ciklonskem območju, zato mora biti vsa strešna oprema sposobna prenesti izjemne vremenske razmere in veter, katerega hitrost lahko doseže do 280 km/h, ter biti polno zavarovana.
In the 90s operators and technical partners grew familiar with the technology.
V 90. letih tega stoletja so se operaterji in strokovni partnerji seznanili s tehnologijo.
They were also more motivated as increasing numbers of factories and new industry put pressure on the grid and petrol prices mounted.
Bili so tudi bolj motivirani, saj je vse več tovarn in novih industrijskih obratov izvajalo pritisk na omrežje, nafta pa se je dražila.
It was at this point that the island recognised the potential of using the local operators and installers who had been working with photovoltaics for a decade.
Takrat so otočani spoznali, kakšen potencial imajo v lokalnih operaterjih in monterjih, ki so že desetletje delali s fotovoltaiko.
So he knocked on the doors of industrial installations, wanting to use their roof space.
Morali so tudi razmisliti, kako proizvedeno energijo izkoristiti.
Investing all he had in his new passion, he still couldn’t break even and when it came to make or break time, he took his idea to the top and presented it to the President of the Region of Réunion, Paul Verges.
Francoski dobavitelj električne energije EDF lokalno ni bil sposoben v omrežje prejemati energije iz fotovoltaike, nakupna cena ni bila točno določena in strošek tehnologije je bil precejšen.
They also had to work out how to harness the electricity generated.
Zato je povprašal pri industrijskih objektih, da bi uporabil njihov prostor na strehi.
French electricity provider, EDF, was not ready, locally, to receive energy from photovoltaics into the grid, the tariff for purchase wasn’t well defined and the cost of the technology was significant.
Najprej ni bilo kakšnega večjega navdušenja, vendar je vztrajal, saj je bilo zabavno gledati, kako se stanje spreminja in začenja nastajati nekaj novega.
Two days later he had his funding, and a year later he was in partnership with the French multinational SIDEC with whom he won the 2009 RegioStars Innovation
Dva dneva pozneje je dobil svoja sredstva in čez eno leto se je povezal v partnerstvo s francosko multinacionalko SIDEC, s katero je prejel nagrado RegioStars Innovation
“Without the tax break and European funding I can honestly say this project would never have got off the ground,” says Orriols.
„Lahko odkrito povem, da brez davčne olajšave in evropskih sredstev tega projekta ne bi mogli nikoli uresničiti,“ pripoveduje Orriols.
“Tax measures and the ERDF funds
„Davčni ukrepi in sredstva ESRR so nam omogočili znižati stroške napeljave in začeti ustvarjati dobiček.“
Every year sees substantial new installations and 10 to 15 megawatts now come from photovoltaic cells.
Vsako leto je več nove napeljave in zdaj od 10 do 15 megavatov moči proizvedejo fotovoltaične celice.
In a relatively short time the available area has been harnessed and now the challenge is to find new places on which to install the cells.
V razmeroma kratkem času je bil razpoložljiv prostor izkoriščen in zdaj smo pred izzivom najti nove površine za namestitev celic.
So why Réunion?
Zakaj ravno Reunion?
The island has the best motivation possible, a realisation of its own vulnerability in the face of global warming.
Otok ima najboljšo mogočo motivacijo, to je, da se zaveda svoje občutljivosti glede na segrevanje planeta.
There are things experts agree on: extreme weather patterns mean a greater number of cyclones, many of which will be more violent than at present.
Strokovnjaki se strinjajo, da izjemne vremenske razmere pomenijo več ciklonov, ki bodo tudi bolj siloviti kot v preteklosti.
“We have to consider water run-off and flooding”, explains Philippe Berne – vice-president of the Regional Council.
„Preučiti moramo odtekanje vode in poplavljanje,“ pojasnjuje Philippe Berne, podpredsednik regionalnega sveta.
The rise in sea temperature and level is also bad news.
Slaba novica je tudi višanje temperature morja in dviganje morske gladine.
It will not take an increase of many degrees to cause the coral to start blanching and becoming weaker.
Samo za nekaj stopinj višja temperatura je dovolj, da bodo korale začele bledeti in odmirati.
“We have to have our reefs in good order,” Berne continues.
„Naše morske grebene je treba ohranjati v dobrem stanju,“ nadaljuje Berne.
The reason is not only to support biodiversity, but because behind every reef lies a beach and behind every beach, a village.
Razlog za to ni samo podpora biološki raznovrstnosti, ampak tudi to, da je za vsakim morskim grebenom plaža in za vsako plažo vas.
“To keep the reefs in as good an order as possible, we have to manage the water run-off, both flood water and waste water,” says Berne.
„Da bi lahko morske grebene ohranjali v najboljšem mogočem stanju, moramo upravljati odtekanje voda, tako poplavnih kot odpadnih,“ pove Berne.
One result is the level of education, training and research.
Višanje temperatur bo prizadelo tudi kmetijstvo; potekajo tudi poskusi za določanje vseh učinkov na sladkorne plantaže.
11 000 students attend the university and many French research organisations have a presence on the island.
pravi. Eden od rezultatov je stopnja izobrazbe, usposabljanja in raziskav; 11 000 študentov obiskuje univerzo in na otoku so tudi francoske raziskovalne organizacije.
Another factor is the tolerant, multicultural climate in which all races and religions mix freely and in comfort.
Drugi dejavnik je strpno, večkulturno ozračje, v katerem se svobodno in neovirano prepletajo vse rase in vere.
“We are remarkable,” says Berne, “we have a sentiment of belonging to a people who are tolerant and an inter-religious way of life which is very important.
„Smo nekaj posebnega,“ pravi Berne, „imamo občutek, da pripadamo narodu, ki je strpen pri odnosih med verskimi skupnostmi, kar je zelo pomembno.
There is a unity here.”
Na otoku vlada enotnost.“
Finally there are also diseases to consider.
Ne nazadnje je treba preučiti tudi bolezni.
The 2005/6 outbreak of Chikungunya, a disease causing extreme joint pain which can be fatal, saw 1 722 cases reported.
V letih 2005 in 2006 je chikungujski virus povzročil bolezen, za katero je značilna močna bolečina v sklepih in je lahko smrtna; prijavljenih je bilo 1 722 primerov okužbe.
Mathematical modelling suggests 110 000 may have been infected.
Po matematičnem modeliranju se izračuna, da bi lahko bilo okuženih 110 000 ljudi.
Berne wonders if this is one of the first signs of climate change on the island – diseases appearing in new territory, emerging diseases and worst of all, predicted high rainfall which favours disease vectors such as the Aedes aegypti mosquito, carrier of Chikungunya.
Berne se sprašuje, ali ni to prvi znak podnebnih sprememb na otoku – bolezni, ki se pojavijo na novem ozemlju, nastajajoče bolezni in najhujše od vseh, napovedane močne padavine, ugodne za prenašalce bolezni, kot je komar Aedes aegypti, prenašalec chikungujskega virusa.
All these factors come together to make Réunion a logical place for such an exponential growth in the use of renewable energy sources.
Zaradi vseh teh dejavnikov je Reunion logična izbira za eksponentno rast uporabe obnovljivih virov energije.
The islanders’ desire to go still further and become energy independent in 15 years’ time is also explained.
To pojasnjuje tudi željo otočanov, da storijo še korak naprej in v 15 letih postanejo energetsko neodvisni.
Analysis has shown that 48% of the greenhouse gases produced by Réunion come from traditional electricity generation.
Analize so pokazale, da 48% toplogrednih plinov, ustvarjenih na otoku Reunion, izvira iz tradicionalne proizvodnje električne energije.
The islanders see a clear connection between the emission of greenhouse gases and the troubles that they are going to have to deal with in the decades which lie ahead.
Otočani vidijo jasno povezavo med izpusti toplogrednih plinov in težavami, ki jih bodo imeli pri spopadanju z njimi v naslednjih desetletjih.
Where to now?
Kam naprej?
Berne feels other factors are driving the entrepreneurial, innovative spirit the current boom in renewables is testament to.
Berne meni, da še drugi dejavniki vodijo podjetniški in inovativni duh, katerega dokaz je trenutni razcvet obnovljivih virov energije.
“We are very lucky.
„Imamo veliko srečo.
SITAR is a company with a lot of roof space, 13 000 m2 of which has been rented out to Orriols.
Uživamo ugodnost evropskih sredstev, in to je prednost, ki je naša sosednja otočja nimajo,“ dali 13 000 m2 v najem Orriolsu.
Connected to the grid, the plant will be operational for 20 years.
Povezani so v omrežje in obrat bo deloval 20 let.
Many companies are launching themselves into this booming business with tens of thousands of panels being installed on the sea front alone.
Številna podjetja se podajajo v ta cvetoč posel in samo ob morskem pasu je bilo nameščenih na deset tisoče plošč.
15 % funding and a 30% tax exemption make the project profit able ERDF support for the project comes to €750 000Total budget: €5.5 million
Podpora ESRR projektu znaša 750 000 €.Celotni proračun: 5,5 milijona €
Joël Dumont, head of the industrial development division at the Ministry of Economy, Finance and Industry has been on the island for nine years and has his sights on new locations.
Joël Dumont, vodja sektorja za industrijski razvoj pri ministrstvu za ekonomijo, finance in industrijo, živi na otoku devet let in ima svoje videnje glede novih lokacij.
“We haven’t exploited all the sites,” he explains.
„Nismo še izkoristili vseh krajev,“ pojasnjuje.
ON THE GROUND makes the island perfect for pilot projects.
Trenutno je večina plošč nameščenih na strehe industrijskih, trgovskih in javnih stavb.
Applications which work can then be replicated in other places which share some of the island’s features.
Nekatere plošče se nameščajo v odlagališča, ki so prenehala delovati.
As Dumont says, the island has a role to play in the exportation of know-how. Already Réunion is working closely with both Iceland and Hawaii.
Ker so polna, a premalo trdna, da bi lahko na njih gradili novo odlagališče za 30 let, zagotavljajo dovolj potrebnih površin za namestitev fotovoltaičnih plošč.
Dumont is clear about what the island is aiming for: “We want to set an example for the planet.”
Z izkoriščanjem starih odlagališč se izognemo uporabi kmetijskih zemljišč in zemljišč, namenjenih za gradnjo.
Some are being placed on landfill sites that are at the end of their lives.
„Smo mikrokozmos, ki je lahko laboratorij, v katerem se izsledki sorazmerno preprosto analizirajo,“ pojasnjuje Dumont.
Full, but too unstable to build over for thirty years, they provide the photovoltaic panels with much needed surface area.
Zaradi svojega majhnega obsega je otok zelo primeren za pilotne projekte. Uporabe, ki delujejo, je mogoče prenesti na druge kraje, s podobnimi značilnostmi, kot so na otoku.
Exploiting old landfill areas avoids using agricultural land or that which has been earmarked for construction.
Po Dumontovem mnenju je poslanstvo otoka izvažanje znanja.
Tomorrow the panels could be on the airport, parking areas and the open fields used for vegetable cultivation, working side by side with agriculture.
Jutri bi plošče lahko bile nameščene na strehah letališč, parkirišč in odprtih poljih, ki se uporabljajo za pridelavo zelenjave, in bi sodelovale s kmetijstvom.
They could be placed on the available land and play a double role as shade generators or cover passages.
Plošče bi lahko bile nameščene na razpoložljiva zemljišča in bi imele dvojno vlogo, kot senčniki ali nadstreški pri prehodih.
Dumont flags a problem that is occupying the minds of those pushing for solar and wind power: stocking energy.
Dumont poudarja težavo, s katero se ukvarjajo tisti, ki navijajo za sončno in vetrno energijo, tj. shranjevanje energije.
“There is a limit for the production of renewables because if you talk about solar or windmills they will only produce energy when there is sun or wind, which is the thing that we have to deal with.”
„Pri proizvodnji obnovljivih virov obstaja meja, ker sončne celice in mlini na veter energijo proizvajajo samo, kadar je sonce ali piha veter, in s tem se moramo ukvarjati.“
So the push is on to find ways of generating power when the primary sources are not available.
Zato je treba tam, kjer prvotnih virov ni na voljo, najti druge načine proizvodnje energije.
One intriguing idea Dumont puts forward is to use the excess power during the day to pump water up a certain altitude to a reservoir.
Dumont predlaga zanimivo zamisel, da presežek energije, ki nastane podnevi, uporabimo za črpanje vode v zbiralnik do določene višine.
For a few hours in the morning and evening, when there is a need for power but no sun, the water can flow back down to power a turbine.
Nekaj ur zjutraj in zvečer, ko potrebujemo energijo, a ni sončne energije, lahko voda steče nazaj, da poganja turbino.
A neat combination of solar and hydroelectric power.
To je lep primer povezave med sončno in hidroelektrično energijo.
The first and most widely used type are monocrystalline solar panels.
Prva in najbolj razširjena vrsta so monokristalne sončne plošče.
Since they were the first to be produced, they have dominated the solar market for quite some time.
Ker so bile prve, ki so jih začeli izdelovati, že nekaj časa prevladujejo na trgu sončne energije.
They are typical blue iridescent panels with rounded cells packed in uniform rows and visible from all directions.
Zanje so značilne plošče modre spreminjajoče se barve z zaokroženimi celicami, zloženimi v enakomerne vrste, vidne iz vseh smeri.
Monocrystalline solar panels tend to be very costly to produce since they require a single silicon crystal grown in a very complicated process.
Izdelava monokristalnih sončnih plošč je zelo draga zaradi zapletenega postopka pridobivanja monokristalnega silikona.
This results in higher prices for consumers.
Zato je tudi cena za potrošnika višja.
The advantage of these photovoltaic panels is that they take up the least room, making them a good choice for people with not much space.
Prednost teh fotovoltaičnih plošč je, da zasedejo najmanj prostora in so primerne za ljudi z malo prostora.
And although the cells are very fragile, they are secured in a rigid frame and can last for over 25 years.
Čeprav so celice zelo lomljive, so zavarovane v trdem okviru in lahko trajajo več kot 25 let.
The second type to be produced is multicrystalline solar panels.
Druga vrsta sončnih plošč, ki se proizvajajo, so polikristalne plošče.
Also known as polycrystalline solar modules, they are manufactured from a large block of numerous silicon crystals.
Znane so tudi kot polikristalni sončni moduli in so izdelane iz velikega bloka številnih silikonskih kristalov.
This gives them a mosaic-like or shattered glass look.
Zato so videti kot mozaik ali počeno steklo.
And since they are not made from just one silicon ingot, they are slightly less efficient but also cheaper than monocrystalline solar panels.
Ker niso izdelane samo iz enega silikonskega ingota, so le malo manj učinkovite in cenejše od monokristalnih sončnih plošč.
Better known as thin film solar panels, the third and latest type is very thin and flexible, making it lightweight and easy to handle.
Tretja in zadnja vrsta sončnih celic so bolj znane kot tankoplastne sončne plošče. So zelo tanke in prožne in zato lahke ter preproste za uporabo.
At first amorphous solar panels were made by fixing thin silicon material to glass or stainless steel, which made them rigid.
Prvotno so amorfne sončne plošče izdelovali s pritrjevanjem tankega silikonskega materiala na steklo ali nerjaveče jeklo, zaradi česar je ta postal trd.
But to make them flexible and durable, the silicon is now applied between flexible laminate material.
Da bi postal prožen in trajen, se zdaj silikon namešča med prožne plasti materiala.
This has the added advantage of being able to fix the panels to almost any surface.
Zato je dodatna prednost teh plošč, da jih je mogoče namestiti na skoraj vsako površino.
In fact, thin film solar is so versatile and aesthetically appealing that it can completely replace traditional shingles or steel roofing.
Tanka plast sončnih celic je tako prilagodljiva in estetska na pogled, da lahko popolnoma nadomesti tradicionalne skodle ali jekleno strešno kritino.
Another advantage is they are the cheapest panels for manufacturers and consumers because they require the least silicon and the simplest production process.
Še ena njihova prednost je, da so najcenejše za proizvajalce in potrošnike, ker zahtevajo najmanj silikona in najpreprostejši proizvodni proces.
This also results in the lowest cost per watt of power.
Iz tega sledi tudi najnižji strošek na vat moči.
However, since they are very thin, amorphous solar panels are over 40% less effective than mono- and multicrystalline panels at turning the sun’s rays into electric power.
Ker so amorfne sončne plošče zelo tanke, so pri pretvarjanju sončnih žarkov v električno energijo za več kot 40% manj učinkovite kot monokristalne in polikristalne plošče.
ERDF CHANGES
SPREMEMBE ESRR
What support can be provided to regions in the structuring and implementation of public schemes supporting energy efficiency and renewables?
KREPITEV ENERGETSKIH NALOŽB V STAVBE so številne, npr. posojila, subvencije, jamstva, davčni ukrepi, lastniški deleži itd.
Affordable, accessible and reliable energy is essential for achieving Cohesion Policy goals.
Cenovno in vsestransko dostopna ter zanesljiva energija je ključna za doseganje ciljev kohezijske politike.
Increasing energy efficiency and the use of renewable energies brings social, economic and environmental benefits and should be integrated into all regional development strategies.
Večja energetska učinkovitost in uporaba obnovljivih virov energije prinašata socialne, ekonomske in okoljske koristi in ju je treba vključiti v strategije regionalnega razvoja.
Regions should explore both the mechanisms for providing financial assistance and the technical requirements that will guarantee that schemes result in concrete energy savings.
Regije se spodbujajo k izkoriščanju različnih možnosti za povečanje razpoložljivih virov in povečanje vzvoda sredstev kohezijske politike.
Energy agencies and advice centres exist in many countries and can support regions in designing appropriate schemes.
Regije lahko z uporabo sredstev kohezijskega sklada podpirajo različne dejavnosti, vključno s proizvodnjo in distribucijo obnovljivih virov, raziskave in razvoj, svetovanje in energetsko učinkovitost za javne, trgovske in industrijske stavbe.
Success factors for ERDF supported schemes for sustainable energy in buildings
Vendar je bila politika do nedavnega omejena pri posredovanju v stanovanjski gradnji.
All Member States can now invest up to 4% of the total national ERDF allocation in energy efficiency and renewables in the residential sector.
Regije lahko svoj proračun za tehnično pomoč uporabijo kot smernice za oblikovanje javnih shem.
National authorities will define eligible categories of existing housing in a way that supports social cohesion.
Regije bi morale preučiti tako mehanizme za zagotavljanje finančne pomoči kot tehnične zahteve, ki bodo jamčile, da je rezultat teh shem konkretno varčevanje z energijo.
The challenge for Cohesion Policy is now to encourage Member States and regions to fully harness this potential contribution to jobs and energy savings by putting policy into practice.
Agencije za energijo in svetovalna središča so v številnih državah in lahko podpirajo regije pri oblikovanju ustreznih shem.
EU Policy for energy efficient buildings:
Dejavniki uspeha pri shemah za podporo trajnostne energije pri stavbah, ki jih podpira ESRR
An ambitious recast of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive is under discussion.
Kot del pred kratkim sprejetih ukrepov za spodbuditev gospodarstva je Evropski sklad za regionalni razvoj, ta ključni mehanizem za financiranje kohezijske politike, doživel spremembe, ki mu bodo omogočile večje podpore trajnostni energiji pri stanovanjski gradnji.
Its scope is broadened to ensure that all existing buildings undergoing major renovation meet certain efficiency levels.
Vse države članice lahko zdaj vložijo do 4% skupne nacionalne dodelitve ESRR v energetsko učinkovitost in obnovljivo energijo pri stanovanjskih gradnjah.
The energy performance certificate will also become a real energy label for houses, included in all adverts for sales or renting.
Nacionalni organi bodo določili, katere kategorije zdajšnjih stanovanjskih gradenj so upravičene do sredstev glede na to, da podpirajo socialno kohezijo.
Ensure budget for technical assistance.
Poteka razprava o preoblikovanju Direktive o energetski učinkovitosti stavb.
To put together an effective packageawareness raising, training, energy advisors, and methods to aggregate demand may be needed.2.
Njeno področje uporabe je bilo razširjeno za zagotavljanje, da vse zdajšnje stavbe z večjimi prenovitvenimi deli izpolnjujejo nekatere ravni energetske učinkovitosti.
Tailor schemes and define well targeted categories of eligible housing.
Potrdilo o energetski učinkovitosti bo postalo prava energetska oznaka za stavbe in bo vključeno v vse oglase za prodajo ali najem.
COHESION POLICY SUPPORT FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY: 200713
PODPORA KOHEZIJSKE POLITIKE ZA TRAJNOSTNO ENERGIJO: 200713
The building sector is responsible for approximately 40% of EU final energy consumption and 36% of EU CO emissions with
Trajnostna energija v gradbenem sektorju lahko spodbuja naložbe, inovacije, izboljša konkurenčnost in podpira zaposlovanje.
2 residential buildings accounting for 2/3 of this.
Večje možnosti za posredovanje kohezijske politike v stanovanjskem sektorju je ugodna priložnost za vse partnerje, še zlasti v tem času gospodarske krize.
€788 million€1.1 billion€1.8 billion€1.1 billion
788 milijonov €1,1 milijarde €1,8 milijarde €1,1 milijarde €
Wind energy Solar energy Biomass Hydroelectric, geothermal and other
Vetrna energija Sončna energija Biomasa Hidroelektrična, geotermalna in drugo
This does not yet show the impact of the modified ERDF regulation which is likely to increase interventions in the residential sector.
Potrebe po naložbah so velike, sredstva pa so omejena.
Investment needs are great and funds are limited, how can Cohesion Policy be used for maximum impact?
Kako lahko s kohezijsko politiko dosežemo največji vpliv?
Many different public schemes can achieve energy savings and promote renewables. Funding can be provided in many forms (eg loans, grants, guarantees, fiscal measures, equity etc).
To še ne kaže vpliva spremenjenega predpisa o ESRR, ki bo najverjetneje povzročil večje posredovanje v stanovanjskem sektorju.
Regions are encouraged to explore the different options to increase the volume of resources made available and maximise leverage of Cohesion Policy funds.
Varčevanje z energijo in spodbujanje obnovljivih virov energije je mogoče doseči z raznimi javnimi shemami.
panorama 31
Oblike financiranja panorama 31
ACTING TOGETHER ON CLIMATE CHANGE
SKUPNO UKREPANJE PRI PODNEBNIH SPREMEMBAH
There has been a 9.3% greenhouse gas emission reduction in comparison to 1990 within the EU-27.
V primerjavi z letom 1990 so se izpusti toplogrednih plinov v EU-27 zmanjšali za 9,3%.
As the Commission focuses on policies designed to reduce future emissions and develops programmes to deal with the consequences of those released in the past, its work is complemented by a wide array of organisations and businesses.
Medtem ko se Komisija osredotoča na politike za zmanjšanje izpustov v prihodnosti in razvija programe za ukvarjanje s posledicami izpustov v preteklosti, njeno delo dopolnjuje več organizacij in podjetij.
The goal they all share, to make our future environmental record better than our past.
Njihov skupni cilj je, da bi bil okoljski izid v prihodnosti boljši, kot je bil v preteklosti.