natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Acoustics – Measurements on silencers in situ
Akustika – Merjenje na dušilcih na terenu
Table 4.2 Standard references providing general information on acoustic specifications or specific to acoustic solutions
Preglednica 4.2 Standardne reference, ki dajejo splošne informacije o akustičnih specifikacijah ali posebne informacije za akustične rešitve
CHAPTER 5 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Characteristics and selection of personal hearing protectors (PHP)
POGLAVJE 5: Osebna varovalna oprema (OVO): značilnosti in izbira osebne opreme za varovanje sluha (OOVS)
DIRECTIVE REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................................................................................. 82
ZAHTEVE DIREKTIVE............................................................................................................................................................... 82
TYPES OF HEARING PROTECTOR ....................................................................................................................................... 84
VRSTE OPREME ZA VAROVANJE SLUHA ......................................................................................................................... 84
HEARING PROTECTOR PARAMETERS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON PERFORMANCE ......................................... 86
PARAMETRI OPREME ZA VAROVANJE SLUHA IN NJIHOV VPLIV NA UČINKOVITOST ..................................... 86
SELECTING THE MOST SUITABLE HEARING PROTECTOR TYPE ............................................................................... 87
IZBIRA NAJUSTREZNEJŠE OPREME ZA VAROVANJE SLUHA..................................................................................... 87
Hearing protectors bearing CE certification mark .............................................................................................. 87
Oprema za varovanje sluha s certifikacijsko oznako CE.................................................................................... 87
Hearing protector selection according to attenuation ..................................................................................... 87
Izbira opreme glede na dušenje zvoka .................................................................................................................. 87
‘Real-world’ hearing protector attenuation .......................................................................................................... 88
Dušenje zvoka s strani opreme za varovanje sluha „v resničnem svetu“................................................... 88
Hearing protector selection according to special requirements .................................................................. 89
Izbira opreme glede na posebne zahteve ............................................................................................................ 89
Hearing protector selection according to Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) compatibility ....... 89
Izbira opreme glede na združljivost osebne varovalne opreme (OVO)...................................................... 89
Hearing protector selection according to wearer comfort and medical disorders ............................... 90
Izbira opreme glede na udobje uporabnika in zdravstvene motnje .......................................................... 90
HEARING PROTECTOR EFFECTIVE PROTECTION ACCORDING TO TIME WORN ................................................ 90
UČINKOVITA ZAŠČITA OPREME ZA VAROVANJE SLUHA GLEDE NA ČAS UPORABE ...................................... 90
INFORMATION FOR EMPLOYER AND EMPLOYEES ....................................................................................................... 91
INFORMACIJE ZA DELODAJALCE IN DELOJEMALCE .................................................................................................. 91
SPECIAL CASES ......................................................................................................................................................................... 92
POSEBNI PRIMERI ..................................................................................................................................................................... 92
CHAPTER 5: PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE): CHARACTERISTICS AND SELECTION OF PERSONAL HEARING PROTECTORS (PHP)
POGLAVJE 5: OSEBNA VAROVALNA OPREMA (OVO): ZNAčILNOSTI IN IZBIRA OSEBNE OPREME ZA VAROVANJE SLUHA (OOVS)
‘The employer shall implement the prevention measures giving collective protective measures priority over individual protective measures.’ (Article 6, § 2 (i) of the Framework Directive 89/391/EEC)
„[d]elodajalec izvaja preprečevalne ukrepe in daje prednost kolektivnim zaščitnim ukrepom pred individualnimi zaščitnimi ukrepi“. (člen 6(2)(h) Okvirne direktive 89/391/EGS)
‘Personal protective equipment shall be used when the risks cannot be avoided or suf-ciently limited by technical means of collective protection or by measures, methods or procedures of work organisation.’ (Article 3 of the PPE Directive 89/656/EEC)
„[se] osebna varovalna oprema uporablja, kadar se ni mogoče izogniti tveganjem ali jih s tehničnimi sredstvi kolektivnega varstva ali z organizacijskimi ukrepi, metodami ali postopki ni mogoče zadostno omejiti“.(člen 3 Direktive o OVO 89/656/EGS)
Several directives apply to the selection and use of personal hearing protectors as personal protective equipment.
Na izbiro in uporabo osebne opreme za varovanje sluha kot osebne varovalne opreme se nanaša več direktiv.
Council Directive 89/656/EEC29concerning minimum health and safety requirements for workers using personal protective equipment also applies, without prejudice to the requirements of Directive 89/391/EEC.
Uporablja se tudi Direktiva Sveta 89/656/EGS29o minimalnih zdravstvenih in varnostnih zahtevah za osebno varovalno opremo, ki jo delavci uporabljajo na delovnem mestu, in sicer brez poseganja v Direktivo 89/391/EGS.
It shall be stressed that Article 3 ‘General rule’ recalls ‘Personal protective equipment shall be used when the risks cannot be avoided or sufficiently limited by technical means of collective protection or by measures, methods or procedures of work organisation.’
Treba je poudariti, da člen 3 „Splošno pravilo“ opozarja, da se „osebna varovalna oprema uporablja, kadar se ni mogoče izogniti tveganjem ali jih s tehničnimi sredstvi kolektivnega varstva ali z organizacijskimi ukrepi, metodami ali postopki ni mogoče zadostno omejiti“.’
Article 6, paragraph 2 (h) of Framework Directive
Člen 6(2)(h) Okvirne direktive 89/391/EGS28 predvide- va: “Delodajalec izvaja ukrepe iz prvega pododstavka odstavka 1 na podlagi naslednjih temeljnih načel:
Furthermore, Article 4 states:
Nadalje člen 4 navaja:
Personal protective equipment must comply with the relevant Community provisions on design and manufacture with respect to safety and health.
(h) dajanje prednosti kolektivnim zaščitnim ukrepom pred individualnimi”.
(h) giving collective protective measures priority over individual protective measures’.
Osebna varovalna oprema mora ustrezati predpisom Skupnosti glede oblike in izdelave v zvezi z varnostjo in zdravjem.
Moreover, Article 13, paragraph 2 (b) of Framework Directive 89/391/EEC states:
Poleg tega člen 13(2)(b) Okvirne direktive 89/391/EGS navaja:
All personal protective equipment must:(a) be appropriate for the risks involved, without itself leading to any increased risk;(b) correspond to existing conditions at the work-place;(c) take account of ergonomic requirements and the worker’s state of health.
Vsa osebna varovalna oprema mora:(a) ustrezati pričakovanim tveganjem, sama pa ne sme povzročati večjega tveganja;(b) ustrezati dejanskim razmeram na delovnem mestu; (c) upoštevati ergonomske potrebe in zdravstveno stanje delavca;
Adequate information on each item of personal protective equipment, required under paragraphs 1 and 2, shall be provided and made available within the undertaking and/or establishment.
V ta namen morajo delavci v skladu s svojo usposobljenostjo in navodili delodajalca zlasti:(a) pravilno uporabljati stroje, naprave, orodja, nevarne snovi, transportno opremo in druga proizvodna sredstva; (b) pravilno uporabljati osebno varovalno opremo, ki jim je bila dana, in jo po uporabi vrniti na predvideno mesto”.
Personal protective equipment shall be provided free of charge by the employer, who shall ensure its good working order and satisfactory hygienic condition by means of the necessary maintenance, repair and replacements.
Osebno varovalno opremo brezplačno zagotovi delodajalec, ki zagotovi njeno brezhibno delovanje in ustrezne higienske razmere, in to s potrebnim vzdrževanjem, popravili in nadomestitvijo.
89/656/EEC Council Directive of 30 November 1989, on the minimum health and safety requirements for the use by workers of personal protective equipment at the workplace, O.J. n° L 393 of 30.12.1989, page 18.
Direktiva Sveta 89/656/EGS z dne 30. novembra 1989 o minimalnih zdravstvenih in varnostnih zahtevah za osebno varovalno opremo, ki jo delavci uporabljajo na delovnem mestu, UL L 393, 30.12.1989, str. 18..
89/391/EEC Council Directive of 12 June 1989, on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers at work, O.J. n° L 183 of 29.06.1989, page 1.
Direktiva Sveta 89/391/EGS z dne 12. junija 1989 o uvajanju ukrepov za spodbujanje izboljšav varnosti in zdravja delavcev pri delu, UL L 183, 29.6.1989, str. 1..
Every personal hearing protector must bear a label displaying the level of sound reduction level and the value of the comfort index provided by the personal protective equipment.
Vsaka osebna oprema za varovanje sluha mora biti opremljena z nalepko, ki prikazuje raven zmanjšanja zvoka in vrednost indeksa udobja, ki ga zagotavlja osebna varovalna oprema.
If this is impossible, the label must be affixed to the product packaging.
Če to ni mogoče, mora biti nalepka pritrjena na embalažo proizvoda.
In this connection, it shall be remembered that Council Directive 89/686/EEC30concerning harmonisation of Member State legislation on personal protective equipment also applies.
V zvezi s tem je treba opomniti, da se uporablja tudi Direktiva Sveta 89/686/EGS30o usklajevanju zakonodaj držav članic v zvezi z osebno zaščitno opremo.
This directive fixes conditions for placement on the market, intracommunity free circulation and essential safety requirements, with which personal protective equipment must comply in view of preserving the health and ensuring the safety of users.
Ta direktiva določa pogoje za trženje, prost promet znotraj Skupnosti in bistvene varnostne zahteve, ki jih mora izpolnjevati osebna varovalna oprema za namene varovanja zdravja in zagotavljanja varnosti uporabnikov.
‘If the risks arising from exposure to noise cannot be prevented by other means, properly fitting individual hearing protectors shall be made available to workers and used by them under the following conditions:•where noise exposure exceeds the lower exposure action values, the employer shall make individual hearing protectors available to workers;•where noise exposure matches or exceeds the upper exposure action values, individual hearing protectors shall be used;•the individual hearing protectors shall be so selected as to eliminate the risk to hearing or to reduce the risk to a minimum.’ (Article 6, § 1 of Directive 2003/10/EC)
Da bi pospešili uporabo Direktive 89/686/EGS in ker je ustrezen prenos besedila Direktive na nacionalni ravni tisti, ki je pravno zavezujoč, so ustrezne službe Generalnega direktorata za podjetništvo in industrijo Evropske komisije v sodelovanju z državami članicami, evropsko industrijo, evropskimi organi za standardizacijo in priglašenimi organi pripravile smernice:http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/mechan_equipment/ppe/guide.htm
However the Commission accepts no responsibility or liability whatsoever with regard to the information in this guide.
Vendar pa Komisija ne prevzema odgovornosti v zvezi z informacijami v tem priročniku.
Further guidance, especially concerning specific types of products, can be found on the Commission’s website:http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/mechan_equipment/ppe/index.htm
Nadaljnje smernice, zlasti glede posebnih vrst proizvodov, lahko najdete na spletni strani Komisije: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/mechan_equipment/ppe/index.htm
Workers shall be provided with hearing protectors if the risks arising from exposure to noise cannot be avoided or prevented by other means:
Delavcem se zagotovi oprema za varovanje sluha, če se tveganjem, ki izhajajo iz izpostavljenosti hrupu, ni mogoče izogniti ali jih preprečiti z drugimi sredstvi:
This equipment is required to comply with procedures governing certification and examination of standard models by approved bodies guaranteeing ‘CE’ quality of the end product.
Ta oprema mora ustrezati postopkom, ki urejajo potrjevanje in preverjanje standardnih modelov s strani odobrenih organov, ki zagotavljajo kakovost „CE“ končnega proizvoda.
The directive sets up a product inspection system and includes provisions enabling Member States to remove the personal protective equipment from the market and to prohibit its replacement on the market or its free circulation, if it is observed that this personal protective equipment, bearing the ‘CE’ mark and used according to its intended aim, may compromise personal safety.
Direktiva vzpostavlja sistem nadzora proizvodov in vključuje določbe, ki državam članicam omogočajo odstranitev osebne varovalne opreme s trga in prepoved ponovnega dajanja na trg ali v prosti promet, če se ugotovi, da lahko ta osebna varovalna oprema, ki nosi oznako „CE“ in se uporablja v skladu s svojim namenom, ogroža varnost človeka.
•If at a work station the daily noise exposure (normalised over 8 hours) exceeds the lower exposure action values, the employer shall make hearing protectors available for workers.•If the daily noise exposure (normalised over 8 hours) matches or exceeds the upper exposure action values, workers must use hearing protectors.
•Če dnevna izpostavljenost hrupu (normirana nad 8 ur) na delovni postaji preseže spodnjo opozorilno mejo izpostavljenosti, mora delodajalec dati delavcem na voljo opremo za varovanje sluha. •Če je dnevna izpostavljenost hrupu (normirana nad 8 ur) enaka zgornji opozorilni meji izpostavljenosti ali jo presega, morajo delavci uporabljati opremo za varovanje sluha.
Personal hearing protectors must combine the essential health and safety requirements included in Annex II, paragraph 3.5 of the directive.
Osebna oprema za varovanje sluha mora združevati bistvene zahteve glede zdravja in varnosti, vključene v odstavku 3.5 Priloge II k Direktivi.
Personal hearing protectors intended for preventing harmful effects of noise must be capable of attenuating noise, such that equivalent sound levels perceived by the user under no circumstances exceed the exposure limit values quoted in Directive 2003/10/EC31.
Osebna oprema za varovanje sluha, namenjena preprečevanju škodljivih vplivov hrupa, mora dušiti hrup, tako da enakovredne ravni zvoka, ki jih zaznava uporabnik, v nobenem primeru ne presežejo mejnih vrednosti izpostavljenosti, navedenih v Direktivi 2003/10/ES31.
89/686/EEC Council Directive of 21 December 1989, on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to personal protective equipment, O.J. L n° 399 of 30.12.1989, page 18.
Direktiva Sveta 89/686/EGS z dne 21. decembra 1989 o približevanju zakonodaj držav članic v zvezi z osebno varovalno opremo, UL L 399, 30.12.1989, str. 18..
Directive 2003/10/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 February 2003, on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (noise), O.J. n° L 42 of 15.02.2003, page 38.
Direktiva Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta 2003/10/ES z dne 6. februarja 2003 o minimalnih zahtevah za varnost in zdravje v zvezi z izpostavljenostjo delavcev fizikalnim dejavnikom (hrup), UL L 42, 15.2.2003, str. 38. .
Workers and/or their representatives must be consulted when the types of individual hearing protectors are being selected and chosen.
Delodajalec se mora v postopku izbiranja osebne opreme za varovanje sluha posvetovati z delavci in/ali njihovimi predstavniki.
TYPES OF HEARING PROTECTOR
VRSTE OPREME ZA VAROVANJE SLUHA
Each worker shall also be involved in the selection of his/her individual protector.
Vsak delavec je vključen tudi v izbiro svoje osebne varovalne opreme.
There are many types of hearing protector.
Obstaja več vrst opreme za varovanje sluha.
Generally, they can be divided into earmuffs or earplugs.
Na splošno jih lahko razdelimo na naušnike in čepe za ušesa.
Efficiency of hearing protectors depends primarily on their being worn continuously and properly:
Učinkovitost opreme za varovanje sluha je odvisna predvsem od tega, ali se oprema uporablja stalno in pravilno:
Earmuffs consist of two cups, which are usually connected by a headband.
Naušniki so sestavljeni iz dveh školjk, ki sta običajno povezani z naglavnim trakom.
•Multiple objective parameters are used to select the most suitable hearing protector (see Section 5 of this chapter) and the worker’s choice is relevant;•‘Subjective’ parameters such as discomfort and inconvenience may reduce the actual time the hearing protector is worn and shall therefore be considered.
•Pri izbiri najustreznejše opreme za varovanje sluha se uporablja več parametrov (glej razdelek 5 tega poglavja), izbira delavca pa je pomembna. •„Subjektivni“ parametri, na primer neugodje in neudobje, lahko zmanjšajo dejanski čas uporabe opreme za varovanje sluha in jih je zato treba upoštevati.
•Cups completely cover the ear and are held tightly in place by a headband.•Cups are usually fitted with acoustically absorbing material.
•Školjki uho popolnoma prekrivata, naglavni trak pa ju trdno drži na mestu. •Školjki sta običajno prevlečeni z zvočnoizolacijskim materialom.
Cup rims are cushioned, usually with plastic foam or fluid, to improve earmuff comfort and fit.•An earmuff headband may be worn over or behind the head, under the chin or behind the neck.•Ear-muffs are available in three sizes: small, medium and large.
Robovi školjk so oblazinjeni, običajno s plastično peno ali tekočino, kar poveča udobje in izboljša prileganje naušnikov. •Naglavni trak naušnikov je mogoče nositi preko glave ali za glavo, pod brado ali za vratom. •Naušniki so na voljo v treh velikostih: majhni, srednji in veliki.
At the workstation, a measured value of noise is 83 dB(A), but the lower exposure action value is 80 dB(A) according to the European ‘Noise’ directive; the employer shall supply work station operators with hearing protectors.
Na delovni postaji je izmerjena vrednost hrupa 83 dB(A), spodnja opozorilna vrednost izpostavljenosti pa je v skladu z evropsko direktivo o hrupu 80 dB(A); delodajalec delavcem na delovni postaji zagotovi opremo za varovanje sluha.
Figure 5.1 Noise exposure exceeds lower exposure action values; hearing protectors are available for workers
Slika 5.1 Izpostavljenost hrupu presega spodnje opozorilne vrednosti izpostavljenosti; delavcem je zagotovljena oprema za varovanje sluha
At the workstation, the measured value of noise is 87 dB(A), but the upper exposure action value is 85 dB(A) according to the 2003/10/EC ‘Noise’ directive; workers must therefore wear hearing protectors.
Na delovni postaji je izmerjena vrednost hrupa 87 dB(A), zgornja opozorilna vrednost izpostavljenosti pa je v skladu z Direktivo o hrupu 2003/10/ES 85 dB(A): delavci morajo zato uporabljati opremo za varovanje sluha.
Figure 5.2 Noise exposure matches or exceeds upper exposure action values; workers must use hearing protectors
Slika 5.2 Izpostavljenost hrupu je enaka zgornji opozorilni vrednosti izpostavljenosti ali jo presega; delavci morajo uporabljati opremo za varovanje sluha.
•Disposable earplugs are usually made of foam or cotton wool.•User formable earplugs are made from compressible materials, which users shape themselves before insertion into their ear canals.•Custom-moulded earplugs are individually moulded to fit the ear canal shape or cover the entire external ear of a specific user.
•Čepi za enkratno uporabo so običajno narejeni iz pene ali vate. •Čepi za ušesa, ki jih uporabnik prilagodi svoji obliki ušesa, so narejeni iz stisljivih materialov, ki jih uporabniki oblikujejo pred vstavitvijo čepov v ušesne kanale. •Čepi za ušesa, oblikovani po meri, so posebej oblikovani tako, da se prilegajo obliki ušesnega kanala ali da prekrijejo celotno zunanje uho posameznega uporabnika.
Figure 5.4 Various ear-plug models(null
Slika 5.4 Različni modeli čepov za ušesa© z dovoljenjem Bacou-Dalloz / Howard Leight / Bilsom
Noise attenuation provided by passive hearing protectors without electronic systems increases as the noise frequency rises.
Dušenje hrupa, ki ga zagotavlja pasivna oprema za varovanje sluha brez elektronskih sistemov, se poveča, ko frekvenca hrupa naraste.
Exceptions are hearing protectors fitted with acoustic lters, e.g. earplugs designed specially for musicians.
Izjema je oprema za varovanje sluha, opremljena z akustičnimi filtri, npr. ušesni čepi, izdelani posebej za glasbenike.
Standard EN 13819-2:2002 gives further information on the method of testing sound attenuation.
Standard EN 13819-2:2002 nudi dodatne informacije o metodi merjenja dušenja zvoka.
HEARING PROTECTOR PARAMETERS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON PERFORMANCE
PARAMETRI OPREME ZA VAROVANJE SLUHA IN NJIHOV VPLIV NA UČINKOVITOST
Hearing protector performance depends mainly on noise attenuation capacity.
Učinkovitost opreme za varovanje sluha je odvisna predvsem od učinkovitosti dušenja hrupa.
High-frequency (H), medium-frequency (M) and lowfrequency (L) attenuation values characterise hearing protector performance in relation to high, medium- and lowfrequency noise.
Visokofrekvenčne (H), srednjefrekvenčne (M) in nizkofrekvenčne vrednosti dušenja opredelijo učinkovitost opreme za varovanje sluha v zvezi z visoko-, srednje- in nizkofrekvenčnim hrupom.
Hearing protector noise attenuation may be defined by the following parameters, which are laboratory-evaluated during the certification process:
Dušenje hrupa, ki ga zagotavlja oprema za varovanje sluha, je mogoče opredeliti z naslednjimi parametri, ki se ocenijo v laboratoriju med postopkov potrjevanja:
These parameters indicate the number decibels; high, middle and lowfrequency noise is effectively attenuated by the hearing protector concerned, e.g.: H = 29 dB, M = 23 dB, L = 15 dB.
Ti parametri kažejo, za koliko decibelov je visoko-, srednje in nizkofrekvenčni hrup učinkovito zmanjšan s strani zadevne opreme za varovanje sluha, npr. H = 29 dB, M = 23 dB, L = 15 dB.
Single Number Rating (SNR) is a less accurate indicator of a hearing protector’s capacity to attenuate noise.
•srednja vrednost dušenja zvoka in standardno odstopanje, •visokofrekvenčno dušenje – H, •srednjefrekvenčno dušenje – M, •nizkofrekvenčno dušenje – L, •enoštevilčna ocena – SNR.
•Sound attenuation mean value and standard deviation.•High-frequency attenuation – H.•Medium-frequency attenuation – M.•Low-frequency attenuation – L.•Single number rating –SNR.
Enoštevilčna ocena (SNR) je manj natančen kazalec učinkovitosti dušenja hrupa s strani opreme za varovanje sluha.
Sound attenuation mean value provides the most accurate evaluation of hearing protector performance.
Srednja vrednost dušenja zvoka je najbolj natančna ocena učinkovitosti opreme za varovanje sluha.
SNR indicates the number of decibels by which the noise level is reduced, when using the hearing protectors, e.g. SNR = 26 dB.
SNR kaže, za koliko decibelov je zmanjšana raven hrupa, ko uporabljamo opremo za varovanje sluha, npr. SNR = 26 dB.
Standard EN ISO 4869-2 provides further information on calculating H, M and L attenuations and SNR.
Standard EN ISO 4869-2 nudi dodatne informacije o izračunu vrednosti dušenja H, M in L ter SNR. .
This parameter specifies noise attenuation in each frequency band within the range of 125 Hz to 8000 Hz.
Ta parameter podrobneje določa dušenje hrupa v vsakem frekvenčnem pasu znotraj razpona med 125 Hz in 8 000 Hz.