natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The Egantia motorway project in Greece, the“Safe Pass”mandatory training in Ireland, and the management system used by Mourik in the Netherlands, all demonstrate the importance of training.
Projekt gradnje avtoceste Egantia v Grčiji, obvezno usposabljanje »Safe Pass« na Irskem in sistem vodenja, ki ga uporablja podjetje Mourik na Nizozemskem, kažejo, kako pomembno je usposabljanje.
Monitoring and consultation with the workers — Finland
Spremljanje ukrepov za zagotavljanja varnosti in zdravja pri delu ter posvetovanje z delavci – Finska
The safety observation method was introduced in Finland in 1992 to measure the safety level of building sites.
Leta 1992 je bila na Finskem uvedena posebna metoda za merjenje stopnje varnosti na gradbiščih.
Measurement is performed by making a tour of the entire site and entering observations regarding correct/incorrect procedures on the inspection sheet.
Na podlagi ogleda celotnega gradbišča se ugotovitve o postopkih vpišejo v inšpekcijsko poročilo.
The aspects covered include working habits, scaffolding and ladders, machinery and equipment, protection against falling, electricity and lighting, and order and tidiness.
Pri ogledih je posebna pozornost namenjena ocenjevanju načina dela, postavitvi odrov in lestev, strojem in opremi, zaščiti pred padci, električni napeljavi in razsvetljavi, redu in čistoči.
On the demonstration building site, the method proved to be both convenient to use and efficient.
Na demonstracijskem gradbišču se je metoda izkazala kot učinkovita in primerna za uporabo.
One important factor of the system is that it is carried out jointly by management and workers.
Pomembna prednost takega sistema je, da ga skupaj izvajajo vodstvo in delavci.
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work Gran Vía, 33, E-48009 Bilbao Tel.
Evropska agencija za varnost in zdravje pri delu Gran Via, 33, E-48009 Bilbao, Španija Tel. (34) 944 79 43 60, faks (34) 944 79 43 83information@osha.eu.int
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.
Razmnoževanje je dovoljeno z navedbo vira. Printed in Belgium, 2004 h t t p : / / a g e n c y . o s h a . eu . in t
European Week for Safei} and Health at Work 18-22 October 2004
Evropski teden varnosti in zdravja pri delo 18. -22. oktober 2004
CAMPAIGN BACKGROUND INFORMATION
OSNOVNE INFORMACIJE O KAMPANJI
Construction is one of Europe's largest industries, with an annual turnover in excess of €900 billion and more than 12 million employees in the EU-15 alone.
Gradbeništvo je ena od največjih gospodarskih dejavnosti v Evropi z letnim prometom več kot 900 bilijonov evrov in z več kot 12 milijoni zaposlenih v 15 državah EU.
Unfortunately, it also has one of the worst occupational safety and health (OSH) records in the region, a problem that is estimated to cost businesses and tax payers nearly €75 billion a year, not to mention the human suffering.
Na žalost pa obstoja v gradbeništvu veliko težav na področju varnosti in zdravja pri delu, kar po nekaterih ocenah stane gospodarske družbe in davkoplačevalce skoraj 75 bilijonov evrov na leto, da ne omenjamo človeškega trpljenja.
Although significant progress has been made in improving the industry's OSH standards over the years, thanks to closer cooperation between employers, workers and other parties, there are still big opportunities to lift these standards even further.
Čeprav je bil na področju standardov varnosti in zdravja pri delu v gradbeništvu v preteklih letih dosežen napredek, zahvaljujoč tesnemu sodelovanju med delodajalci, delavci in drugimi vpletenimi, pa ostaja veliko možnosti za njihovo dodatno izboljšanje.
This year's European Week for Safety and Health at Work, which will focus on construction, is designed to help all stakeholders in the industry realise this potential and build a safer, healthier and more productive working environment.
Letošnji Evropski teden varnosti in zdravja pri delu, ki bo posvečen gradbeništvu, je namenjen vsem v tej dejavnosti, da izkoristijo to možnost in zgradijo bolj varno, zdravo in ustvarjalno delovno okolje.
Run by the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, which is funded by the EU, the campaign will incorporate a range of activities to raise awareness of both the key problems and the solutions.
Kampanja, ki jo vodi Evropska agencija za varnost in zdravje pri delu, ki prejema sredstva od EU, bo vključevala številne aktivnosti za širjenje vedenja o ključnih težavah in rešitvah.
This information pack provides background to these issues, plus details on how you can get involved in the campaign.
S tem promocijskim gradivom želimo osvetliti ozadje teh vprašanj in pojasniti, kako se lahko vključite v kampanjo.
Note: For the purposes of the European week, construction is defined as building, engineering, maintenance (including, for example, painting and decorating) and demolition in both the public and private sector.
Opomba: Za namene evropskega tedna se gradbeništvo opredeli kot gradnja, inženiring, vzdrževanje (vključno s pleskanjem in poslikavanjem) ter rušenje objektov tako v zasebnem kot v javnem sektorju.
Moreover, all statistics quoted in this information pack relate to the original 15 EU Member States, unless otherwise indicated, and are sourced at the end of the document.
Vsi statistični podatki, ki so navedeni v tem dokumentu, se nanašajo na 15 držav članic EU, razen če ni drugače navedeno. Viri statističnih podatkov so navedeni na koncu dokumenta.
Due to the existence of a large 'informal' economy in the construction sector, the statistics need to be treated cautiously and probably understate the true scale of the issues.
V gradbeništvu obstaja velik delež dela na črno, zato je treba statistične podatke obrvnavati s pridržkom, saj ne odražajo dejanske teže problemov.
BACKGROUND TO THE INDUSTRY
INFORMACIJE O DEJAVNOSTI
Nearly 13 million people officially work in the EU construction industry and possibly many more.
Statistični podatki kažejo, da je v EU zaposlenih v gradbeništvu skoraj 13 milijonov delavcev.
The EU construction industry is estimated to be worth €902 billion a year.1
Ocenjuje se, daje gradbeništvo EU vredno 902 bilijona evrov letno.1
Officially, there are 12.7 million employees in the sector, equivalent to 7.9% of the EU total workforce."
Uradno je v tej dejavnosti zaposlenih 12,7 milijona delavcev, kar predstavlja 7,9 odstotka vseh zaposlenih v EU."
The true number, however, is likely to be substantially higher as it is estimated that a significant proportion of the labour force in construction is undeclared in the industry.
Vendar je prava številka verjetno občutno višja, saj se ocenjuje, da precejšne število delavcev v gradbeništvu ni prijavljeno.
According to the European Commission 7%-19% of all work in the EU is undeclared and the problem is believed to be particularly acute in construction.
Po podatkih Evropske komisije" 7 do 19 odstotkov vseh del v EU ni prijavljenih, domneva pa se, daje to vprašanje še zlasti žgoče v gradbeništvu.4
47% of all construction workers work in businesses with fewer than 10 staff (EU average 6%)."
47 odstotkov vseh gradbenih delavcev dela v gospodarskih družbah z manj kot 10 zaposlenimi (povprečje EU je 36 odstotkov)."
HEALTH IMPACTS
VPLIVI NA ZDRAVJE
The construction sector has one of the worst safety and health records in the EU.
Statistični podatki kažejo, da sodi gradbeništvo med tiste dejavnosti, ki imajo največ težav na področju varnosti in zdravja pri delu v EU.
Risk of accidents is much higher than EU average
Tveganje za nezgode pri delu je nad povprečjem EU
Workers in construction are twice as likely as the average worker in other sectors to suffer from a non-fatal accident.
Verjetnost nezgod pri delu je v gradbeništvu dvakrat večja od verjetnosti v drugih dejavnostih.
Falling from heights, such as scaffolding, is one of the biggest problems, along with accidents involving transport, both on and off site.6
Padec z višine, kot je na primer padec z odra, predstavlja eno izmed največjih težav. Prav tako so pogoste nezgode pri delu, ki se zgodijo pri transportu z vozili na gradbiščih in izven njih.6
Nearly 850,000 construction workers suffered accidents that entailed over 3 days loss of work in 1999, a 13% decline relative to 1994.7 Around 1,300 workers are killed each year,8 - more than twice the average of other
Leta 1999 je bilo skoraj 850.000 gradbenih delavcev udeleženo v nezgodah pri delu, ki so imele za posledico več kot 3-dnevno odsotnost z dela, kar pomeni 13-odstotno zmanjšanje v primerjavi z letom 1994.7
In the 10 acceding countries, it is estimated that construction accounts for 20% of all work-related accidents .
Ocenjuje se, da predstavljajo nezgode pri delu v gradbeništvu 20 odstotkov vseh nezgod v državah pristopnicah9.
Incidence of musculoskeletal disorders is significantly above EU average
Pogostost kostno-mišičnih obolenj je občutno nad povprečjem EU
48% of construction workers report backache (EU average: 33%).
48 odstotkov gradbenih delavcev ima bolečine v hrbtu (povprečje EU znaša 33 %).
Respiratory problems are widespread, not least due to asbestos
28 odstotkov se jih pritožuje, da imajo težave v mišicah zgornjih okončin (povprečje EU znaša 13 %).
600,000 construction workers work each year in workplaces where asbestos fibres are present.
600.000 gradbenih delavcev vsako leto dela na delovnih mestih, kjer so prisotna azbestna vlakna."
Asbestos is a potent carcinogen that causes fatal diseases such as mesothelioma and asbestosis.
Azbest je potencialna rakotvorna snov, ki povzroča bolezni s smrtnim izidom, kot sta mezoteliom in azbestoza.
Smokers who inhale asbestos are much more likely to develop lung cancer.
Pri kadilcih, ki vdihavajo azbestna vlakna, je veliko večja verjetnost, da se bo razvil rak na pljučih.
In the UK, around 750 construction and maintenance workers die from asbestos-related diseases each year.
V Veliki Britaniji vsako leto umre zaradi bolezni, povezanih z azbestom, okoli 750 gradbenih delavcev in vzdrževalcev.
This figure is expected to rise considerably over the next decade.12 Carpenters have an elevated risk of contracting nasal cancer as a result of breathing in wood dust.
Pričakuje se, da bo ta številka v naslednjem desetletju občutno narastla.1" Pri tesarjih obstaja velika nevarnost, da zbolijo za rakom nosu zaradi vdihavanja lesnega prahu.
Dust generated from cutting or handling crystalline silica-based products, such as sand, can lead to silicosis, a respiratory difficulty.
Prah, ki nastane pri rezanju kremenčevih kristalov ali pri ravnanju z izdelki na osnovi kremena, kot je na primer pesek, lahko povzroči bolezen dihal (silikozo).
Solvents and other dangerous substances heighten employees' health risks
Tveganje za zdravje delavcev povečujejo topila in druge nevarne snovi
Frequent contact with liquid-based substances, such as oils, resins and cement-based products containing Chromium VI, exacerbate the likelihood of skin problems.
Pogost stik s snovmi, kot so olja, smole in cementni proizvodi, ki vsebujejo krom VI, povečujejo verjetnost za pojav težav s kožo.
During the construction of the Channel Tunnel, over a quarter of the 1,134 workers were diagnosed with occupational dermatitis. '
Med gradnjo predora pod Rokavskim prelivom so pri več kot četrtini od 1.134 delavcev ugotovili poklicni dermatitis.1"
Studies have shown an increased risk of early retirement among painters and floor layers due to 'solvent syndrome' (the neuro-psychiatric symptoms associated with excessive exposure to organic solvents, such as glycol ethers and esters).
Raziskave so pokazale povečano stopnjo zgodnje upokojitve med pleskarji in polagalci tal zaradi "sindroma topil" (nevropsihiatrični simptomi, povezani s pretirano izpostavljenostjo organskim topilom, kot so glikoletri in estri).
These symptoms can include memory loss, severe fatigue and other problems of the central nervous system.
Ti simptomi so lahko izguba spomina, močna utrujenost in druge težave osrednjega živčnega sistema.
Other risks that construction workers face
Druge nevarnosti, ki so jim izpostavljeni gradbeni delavci
Excessive contact with lead - for example when removing lead-based paints and working with old lead piping - can damage the central nervous system, producing nausea, headaches, tiredness and other symptoms.
Pretirana izpostavljenost svincu, na primer pri odstranjevanju barv, narejenih na osnovi svinca, ali pri delu s starimi svinčenimi cevmi, lahko poškoduje osrednji živčni sistem in povzroča slabost, glavobol, utrujenost in druge bolezenske znake.
High noise levels increase the risk of hearing difficulties.
Visoka raven hrupa povečuje tveganje za pojav težav s sluhom.
Nearly one-in-five employees in the sector (17%) are permanently exposed to high levels of noise and over half (53%) for part of the time.14
Približno vsak peti delavec v gradbeništvu (17 %) je tekom celega delovnega časa izpostavljen močnemu hrupu, več kot polovica (53 %) pa jih je izpostavljenih le del delovnega časa.14
FINANCIAL COSTS
FINANČNI STROŠKI
Poor OSH standards in construction could cost the EU - and its taxpayers - over €75 billion each year. Or almost €200 for each member of the population.
Po nekaterih ocenah stanejo slabi standardi varnosti in zdravja pri delu v gradbeništvu EU in njene davkoplačevalce več kot 75 bilijonov evrov vsako leto oziroma skoraj 200 evrov na prebivalca.
Quantifying the cost of low OSH standards in the construction industry is difficult, not least due to the problems of estimating the true size of the sector, especially in view of the potentially significant proportion of unregistered employees.
Stroške nizkih standardov varnosti in zdravja pri delu v gradbeništvu je težko izmeriti, nenazadnje tudi zaradi težav pri ocenjevanju dejanske velikosti te dejavnosti, še zlasti zaradi visokega deleža zaposlovanja na črno.
To compound these uncertainties, it is likely that a sizeable proportion of OSH problems are not reported as many of the firms are small and might be operating Outside the official system'.
Verjetno je, da precejšnje število nezgod pri delu ni uradno prijavljenih, saj veliko majhnih gospodarskih družb v gradbeništvu deluje nelegalno.
As a result, any estimates of costs are likely to understate the true financial impact:
Ocene finančnih stroškov na podlagi uradnih statističnih podatkov so torej prenizke.
A UK study estimated that costs of occupational accidents and ill-health in the construction sector - including the costs of delays, absenteeism and health and insurance charges, among others - accounted for 8.5% of project costs.16
Po ocenah raziskave, ki je bila narejena v Veliki Britaniji, znašajo stroški v zvezi z nezgodami pri delu in slabim zdravstvenim stanjem delavcev v gradbeništvu, vključno s stroški zamud, odsotnosti z dela, zdravljenja in zavarovanja, 8,5 odstotkov stroškov projekta.
Assuming the UK estimates holds true in the EU as whole, where construction is believed to be a €902 billion industry,17this would equate to a cost of nearly €75 billion a year - or almost €200 for every member of the EU population.
Če domnevamo, da ocene Velike Britanije držijo v EU kot celoti, kjer naj bi bilo gradbeništvo dejavnost, vredna 902 bilijona evrov17, bi to pomenilo skoraj 75 bilijonov evrov stroškov na leto oziroma skoraj 200 evrov na vsakega prebivalca EU.
As public sector projects account for a large share of construction costs in most
V večini držav se projekti v veliki meri izvajajo v javnem sektorju, kar pomeni, da
• countries, tax payers will be shouldering much of the cost.
• bodo večino gradbenih stroškov plačali davkoplačevalci.
REDUCING THE HUMAN AND FINANCIAL COSTS
ZNIŽEVANJE ČLOVEŠKIH IN FINANČNIH STROŠKOV
The importance of working together as an industry- the Social Partners
Pomembnost sodelovanja s socialnimi partnerji
Due to the fact that the vast majority of firms in the construction industry are SMEs, usually without the resources and skills to optimise their OSH performance, the sector needs to work together to tackle various safety and health problems - pooling expertise and information, including examples of good practice.
Velika večina gospodarskih družb v gradbeništvu je malih in srednje velikih.
At EU level, the partnership between the European Construction Industry Federation (FIEC) and the European Federation of Building and Wood Workers (EFBWW) is an excellent example of this.
Te pa večinoma nimajo niti sredstev niti znanja, potrebnega za izboljšanje stanja na področju varnosti in zdravja pri delu.
Recent FIEC-EFBWW initiatives include a good practice guide for the industry, a joint declaration on the 'working from heights' directive, and research into stress at work.
Zato mora dejavnost združiti svoje sile pri reševanju vrste težav na področju varnosti in zdravja pri delu tako, da se združijo strokovno znanje in informacije ter primeri dobre prakse.
Details of these developments, plus links to the organisations' websites, can be found at the Agency's website (http://ew2004.osha.eu.int)
Na ravni EU je takšen primer partnerstvo med Evropsko zvezo za gradbeno dejavnost (FIEC) in Evropsko zvezo delavcev gradbene in lesarske dejavnosti (EFBWW).
Eight ingredients for a safer and healthier construction industry
Osem korakov za varnejšo in bolj zdravo gradbeno dejavnost
Think 'health and safety' when buying products and services
Upoštevajte varnost in zdravje pri delu kot kriterij pri odločanju o nakupu izdelkov in storitev
Good standards of safety and health on a construction project start with the decisions made by the client; this determines the whole safety and health climate of a project.
Dobri standardi varnosti in zdravja pri delu pri gradbenem projektu se začnejo z odločitvami stranke.
Too many contracts are awarded on the basis of lowest price tenders, only to see the final price increase significantly through contract variations, failure to meet quality standards or time deadlines.
Vse prevečkrat stranke izberejo izvajalce samo na podlagi najnižjih ponujenih cen, vendar pa se končna cena občutno poveča zaradi spreminjanja naročila, neizpolnjevanja standardov kakovosti ali časovnih rokov.
Contracts need to be awarded on value for money grounds, not lowest price tenders.
Naročila se morajo dodeliti na podlagi cenovne ustreznosti in ne najnižjih ponujenih cen.
And value for money means a completed construction project that fits its purpose, fulfils user needs, and achieves a balance between quality and costs throughout its life.
Cenovna ustreznost pomeni dokončan gradbeni projekt, ki služi svojemu namenu, izpolnjuje potrebe stranke in dosega ravnotežje med kakovostjo in stroški.
A poor safety and health performance not only adds to the client's costs but also undermines its reputation.
Slabo izvajanje standardov varnosti in zdravja pri delu stranki ne povzroča samo dodatnih stroškov, ampak spodkopava tudi njen ugled.
It is important that clients treat construction like any other business investment.
Pomembno je, da stranke z gradnjo ravnajo kot s katero koli drugo poslovno naložbo.
The design of the project should take into account the practical risks of construction and subsequent maintenance.
• • • • izkušnje izvajalca; kako izvajalec obravnava varnost in zdravje pri delu, na primer strategije in postopke; znanje in usposobljenost tako vodilnih delavcev kot zaposlenih, vključno s poznavanjem veljavne zakonodaje; dosedanjo učinkovitost na področju varnosti in zdravja pri delu, vključno z nezgodami pri delu; zagotovitev nadzora, vodenja in usposabljanja na področju varnosti in zdravja pri delu tako za vodilne delavce kot za zaposlene; sisteme upravljanja varnosti in zdravja pri delu; posvetovanje z delavci; postopke izbire podizvajalcev; članstvo v ustreznih gospodarskih ali strokovnih združenjih.
For example, if roof lights are required, specify non-fragile materials. Similarly, ensure that the materials and coatings used at high points of the building require little maintenance to reduce the need for maintenance staff to operate at heights.
Da bi zagotovili dovolj časa za varno načrtovanje, specifikacijo in časovno izvedbo projekta, je treba čimprej izbrati ključne sodelavce, kot so projektant, koordinator za varnost in zdravje pri delu ter izvajalec.
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work http://ew2004.osha.eu.int pre-fabricated units, which can be constructed off site, often to a higher standard, should also be considered.
Podobno zagotovite, da materiali in premazi, kijih uporabljate na visokih točkah zgradbe, potrebujejo malo vzdrževanja, tako da se zmanjša potreba po vzdrževalcih, ki delajo na višinah.
In addition, the designer and contractor should work closely to plan the sequencing of the project to minimise risks, including a transport plan that separates vehicles from pedestrians.
Poleg tega morata projektant in izvajalec tesno sodelovati pri načrtovanju zaporedja izvajanja gradbenih del, vključno z načrtovanjem takšnih prevoznih poti, ki ločujejo vozila od pešcev.
This will also improve the efficiency of the site.
S tem prispevata k zmanjšanju tveganja in večji učinkovitosti.
Ensure all staff are adequately trained
Zagotovite, da so vsi zaposleni ustrezno usposobljeni
People who are adequately trained for the work perform better than those who are not, leading to a higher quality job and more efficient project management.
Ustrezna usposobljenost ljudi pripomore k boljšemu delu in učinkovitejšemu vodenju projekta.
This should include training managers and supervisory staff in safety and health matters.
V usposabljanje morajo biti vključeni tudi vodilni delavci in nadzorniki.
Other workers should be trained to carry out their tasks competently and safely.
Delavce je treba usposobiti za varno opravljanje dela.
If qualifications exist for a particular job, they should be considered as a condition for employment.
Če je za določeno delo potrebna kvalifikacija, jo je treba obravnavati kot pogoj za zaposlitev.
Where a national standard exists it should be used.
Če obstaja nacionalni standard, ga je treba uporabiti.
On-the-job, site-specific training is also a valuable way to improve safety and health standards. This can include site induction meetings and 'tool box' talks.
Usposabljanje na delovnem mestu, specifično za posamezno gradbišče, je prav tako dragocen način izboljševanja standardov varnosti in zdravja pri delu.
Assess all the risks
Ocenite vsa tveganja
Evaluate all risks, including exposure to dangerous substances and physical hazards such as noise and vibration.
Ocenite vsa tveganja, vključno z izpostavljenostjo nevarnim snovem in fizikalnim dejavnikom, kot so hrup in vibracije.
Follow national standards and legislation.
Upoštevajte nacionalne standarde in zakonodajo.
A risk assessment is nothing more than a careful examination of what, in your work, could cause harm to people, so that you can judge whether you have taken enough precautions or should do more to prevent harm.
Ocena tveganja ni nič drugega kot natančen pregled tega, kaj bi lahko delavcem pri opravljanju dela povzročilo škodo, tako, da presodite, ali ste bili dovolj previdni ali bi morali storiti več, da preprečite škodo.
The aim is to make sure that no one gets hurt or becomes ill.
Cilj je zagotoviti, da se nihče ne poškoduje ali zboli.
A risk assessment involves identifying the hazards present and then evaluating the extent of the risks involved, taking into account existing precautions.
V oceno tveganja je vključena določitev prisotnih nevarnosti in nato ocena ravni oziroma stopnje tveganja ob upoštevanju obstoječih varnostnih ukrepov.
The results of a risk assessment should help users choose which good practice measures are most appropriate.
Rezultati ocene tveganja naj bi uporabnikom pomagali izbrati najprimernejše ukrepe dobre prakse.
Monitoring is essential to identify areas where further attention is required and to ensure staff adhere to safety and health procedures.
Ocena tveganja je pomembna, da zavarujete sebe, vaše delavce, druge delavce na gradbišču in druge ljudi.
3 for Safety and Health for Safer, at Work
S spremljanjem ugotovite, ali so na določenih področjih dela potrebni dodatni ukrepi, in se prepričajte, da zaposleni upoštevajo postopke za varno in zdravo delo.
Involve everyone in the OSH process
V postopke zagotavljanja varnosti in zdravja pri delu vključite vsakogar