natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
After earning a doctorate in marine zoology at National University of Ireland, Galway, he did post-doctoral studies at University of Georgia in the United States.
„V tistem času je bilo irsko gospodarstvo zelo na tleh in imelsem veliko srečo, da sem lahko odšel v Združene države, kjer sem odkrilzelo odprto in zelo konkurenčno raziskovalno okolje“, pojasni.
During the seven years he spent in the United States, Peter Heffernan engaged in researchon diseases affecting crustaceans in an aquaculture environmentand worked closely with the fishing industry.
V sedmihletih, ki jih je Peter Heffernan preživel v Združenih državah, jeraziskoval bolezni, s katerimi so se okužili lupinarji v ribogojstvu, in tesno sodeloval z ribiško industrijo.
The development of research has in fact always been a key activityfor the Marine Institute.
Razvoj raziskav je bil dejansko vedno ena od prednostnih osi Marine Institute.
Despite its modest size, the agency hasmade major investments and acquired research vessels employinginternational research teams: in 1997 the Institute launched the Celtic Voyager, a vessel used by a team of eight scientists to gatherdata on the situation of fish stocks and on geophysical andenvironmental aspects.
Agencija je kljub svoji skromni velikosti odobrilavelike naložbe in se opremila z raziskovalnimi ladjami, na katerih je zbrala ekipe mednarodnih raziskovalcev: Celtic Voyager, plovilo,ki ekipi osmih raziskovalcev omogoča zbiranje podatkov o stanjustaležev, geofizičnih in okoljskih vidikov, je bilo splavljeno leta1997.
In 2003, the Institute financed the Celtic Explorer, a 65 m long low-noise vessel that can accommodatesome 20 researchers and is designed for deep-sea surveyoperations. Ireland also immediately lent its backing to the plan to develop a European atlas of the seas, because the country hasalready mapped 90% of its coastal waters under an ambitiousnational programme.
Leta 2003 je agencija financirala Celtic Explorer, 65 metrovdolgo in popolnoma tiho ladjo, na katero se lahko vkrca skorajdvajset raziskovalcev in ki omogoča raziskovanje morskih globin.Irska se je tudi takoj vključila v strategijo za izdelavo evropskegaatlasa, kajti zaradi ambicioznega nacionalnega programa je državado zdaj natančno kartografirala 90 % svojih obalnih voda.
When he took up the helm at the Marine Institute in 1993, Peter Heffernan knew he would be leaving pure research for the worldof applied research, where he would be developing governmentprogrammes to promote the ocean’s resources.
Ko je leta 1993 prevzel vajeti inštituta, je vedel, da je obrnil listtemeljnih raziskav, da bi se od tedaj ukvarjal z uporabnimiraziskavami in uveljavljanjem vladnih programov, namenjenihspodbujanju oceanskih virov.
The Marine Institute started out with only five members appointedby the government and a budget of € 0.3 million.
Ob ustanovitvi je organizacija štela samo pet članov, ki jih jeimenovala vlada, njen proračun pa je znašal 0,3 milijona evrov.
It has beengrowing ever since and now has a staff of 229 and last year’sbudget was nearly € 40 million, 85% from national public fundsand 7% from the EU.
Od takrat naprej se je samo še širila: danes je v njej zaposlenih 229 ljudi, njen proračun, v katerem je 85 % vladnih sredstev in 7 %evropskih sredstev, pa je lani znašal skoraj 40 milijonov evrov.
Research and management is he ri es and a q u a cu lt u r F
Raziskave in upravljanje al w a o in rib o g o js tv ib iš tv R
‘In the maritime field, it is the first time in Europe that science will make such a directcontribution to society and take up both economic and environmental challenges.’
„Na pomorskem področju je v Evropi prvič, da bo znanost tako neposrednoprispevala k družbi ter izpostavila hkrati gospodarske in okoljske izzive.“
‘Each speciality had its own set of data: one for geology, one for the environment, yet another for the fishing industry, and so on.
„Vsaka znanstvena stroka je razpolagala s svojo bazo podatkov: geologija, okoljevarstvo, ribolov itd.
Bringing together isolated scientific disciplines is very stimulating for scientists, governments and industry.’ scientific findings still tend to remain too patchy.
Prehod z izoliranih znanosti na povezane znanosti je zelo spodbuden za znanstvenike, vlade in industrialce.“
Observationcentres can collect both oceanographic and meteorological data in real time.
Še vedno v skladu s pristopom Komisije je bila enaka pozornostnamenjena novim virom energije.
With such a network, Europe will have anextraordinary tool for deciphering geological and biologicalphenomena and their interactions with the oceans.
Konec leta 2007 je Marine Institute dva kilometra od obale v Galwayu vzpostavil zemljišče v velikosti 37 hektarov, namenjeno preizkušanju proizvodnjeelektrične energije, ki jo ustvarja moč valov ali plimovanja. Irskopodjetje Wavebob bo tam namestilo generator. Za Irsko, ki je zaoskrbo z energijo močno odvisna od uvoza, je razvoj novih virovenergije nujen z gospodarskega in tudi okoljskega vidika.
At the end of 2007,the Marine Institute installed a 37-hectare site one mile off thecoast of Galway to test electricity generation from wave and tidalresources.
S takimprogramom Irska odpira svoja vrata evropskim izmenjavam.„Podjetniki bodo lahko prišli preskusit svoje naprave sem, saj smo enood območij Evrope, ki so najbolj izpostavljena valovom,“ dodaja Peter Heffernan.
The Irish firm Wavebob recently deployed a generatingdevice at the site.
spodbuden za znanstvenike, vlade in industrialce.“Zaradi niza merilto omogoča odgovore na zelo preprosta vprašanja.
Given Ireland’s dependence on importedenergy, the development of new energy sources is both aneconomic and environmental necessity.
Na primer, za upoštevanje stanja staleža nekaterih vrst, ne zadostuje, da seizračuna število rib na enem območju, ampak je treba imeti navoljo tudi podatke o topografiji, geologiji, kakovosti vode, selitvivrst … Ti podatki bodo lahko zbrani zlasti zaradi evropske mrežepomorskih observatorijev. Zamisel, ki je Petru Heffernanu zeloljuba.
‘Entrepreneurswill be able to test their systems here, in one of Europe’s areas mostexposed to powerful waves’, adds Peter Heffernan.
Observatoriji pa omogočajo zbiranje hkratioceanografskih in meteoroloških podatkov v realnem času.Zaradi te mreže ima Evropa v rokah fantastično orodje zadešifriranje geoloških in bioloških pojavov ter njihovih povezav z oceanom.
Finally, the use of common systems will give European players theopportunity to prepare the ground to meet the vast challenge ofclimate change. The idea is to observe and predict the areas thatwill be positively or negatively affected by climate change.
Še eno področje, na katerem se znanstvena partnerstva kažejo zazelo obetavna, je področje morske biotehnologije.„Biotehnološkipotencial morskih globin je ogromen,“nadaljuje znanstvenik.
‘Locally,we will be able to determine the extent of erosion of certain coastalareas’, explains Peter Heffernan, ‘but we will also be able to identifyregions further north that will benefit from the migrations of certainfish species’. Such data will further the effort to anticipate andlessen the impacts of climate change.
„Po navedbah strokovnjakov so prav iz morskih organizmov izoliralinajučinkovitejša sredstva za boj proti boleznim in zlasti nekaterimoblikam raka.“Določitev teh naravnih sestavin in njihovih lastnostije eden od velikih izzivov, ki se ponujajo Evropi.
None of these significant advances would be possible without a European strategy for marine and maritime research.
Nazadnje, zaradi teh skupnih pripomočkov imajo različneevropske vpletene strani možnost za oranje velikanskegapodročja, tj. podnebnih sprememb.
‘The deep seabed holds tremendous biotechnologypotential’, continues Heffernan.
Za Petra Heffernana je vzpostavitev skupne podatkovne zbirke na ravni Evropske unije prvenstvenega pomena.
‘According to experts, the mosteffective agents for combating diseases, particularly certain types ofcancer, have been found in marine organisms.’Identifying thesenatural components and their properties is one of the bigchallenges facing Europe.
„V preteklosti jevsaka stroka razpolagala s svojo zbirko: zbirka z geološkimi podatki,zbirka z okoljskimi podatki, zbirka za ribiško industrijo itd.,“pojasni.„Prehod z izoliranih znanosti na povezane znanosti je zelo
The consultation, which ended in January, brought in a numberof detailed contributions, in particular from the Advisory Committee on Fisheries and Aquaculture, and most of the Regional Advisory Councils and NGOs.
Posvetovanje je bilo zaključeno januarja lani in Komisija je prejelaštevilne podrobne prispevke, zlasti od Svetovalnega odbora zaribolov in ribogojstvo, od večine regionalnih svetovalnih odborovin od nevladnih organizacij.
In general, fisheriesstakeholders say they are aware of the gravity of the situationand of the need to use all technical means possible to reduce the volume of discards.
Na splošno ribiški sektor navaja, da sezaveda resnosti vprašanja in potrebe po uporabi vseh tehničnihsredstev za zmanjšanje količine zavržkov.
They also stress the importance ofdeveloping the specific approach (fishery-by-fishery)recommended by the Commission.
Vztraja tudi pri potrebipo razvoju posebnega pristopa (od enega ribolovnega območjado drugega), ki ga priporoča Komisija.
A year ago the European Commission launched a wideconsultation with stakeholders in the fishing sector on thequestion of discards.
Pred približno letom dni je Evropska komisija sprožila obširnoposvetovanje akterjev ribolova glede vprašanja zavržkov.
This consultation was based on acommunication laying out proposals to solve this problem, which plagues all fisheries to varying degrees.
To posvetovanje je temeljilo na sporočilu, ki je predlagalo večmožnosti za rešitev te težave, s katero se na različnih ravnehsrečujejo vsi ribiči.
According toexperts, 10 to 60% of catches are thrown back into the sea, and the figure is even higher for some fisheries.
Znanstveniki ocenjujejo, da zavržki ribpredstavljajo od 10 do 60 % ulova ali celo več glede na ribolovnoobmočje.
The fish aregenerally under-size juveniles, unmarketable species, or quota overruns. In all cases this is a waste of resources.
Na splošno gre za nedorasle primerke, ki so premajhni,za netržne vrste rib ali za količine, ki presegajo kvoto.
The Commission intends to curb this phenomenon, which is a serious threat to the sustainability of fish stocks.
V vsehprimerih pa gre za razsipanje virov, ki ga želi Komisija ustaviti, ker močno ogroža trajnost staležev.
The European Council has also welcomed the approach adoptedby the Commission and encouraged it to continue in the samedirection. Likewise, the European Parliament adopted in Januarya resolution underlining the urgency of halting this waste ofmarine resources as well as the more specific need to launch pilotprojects for the fisheries posing the most serious problems.
Pristop Komisije do te problematike sta pozdravila tudi Svet, ki je Komisijo pozval, naj z njim nadaljuje, in Evropski parlament.Slednji je januarja lani sprejel resolucijo, ki poudarja nujnostzaustavitve te nepotrebne porabe morskih virov in potrebo podelovanju na poseben način ob vpeljavi pilotnih projektov vnajbolj problematičnih ribolovnih območjih.
One of the solutions the Commission discusses in itscommunication is a legal limit on discards. Respect for a limit set for each fishery and introduced progressively could becontrolled by obliging fleets to land unwanted by-catches.
Opirajoč se na različne prispevke posvetovanja in na delavnico, kibo organizirana spomladi leta 2008 z namenom ponovno združitizadevne akterje, bo Komisija nato začela končno fazo svojegaregulativnega dela z dokončanjem zakonodajnega predloga.
The aim of this measure is to motivate fishermen to use moreselective fishing methods and gears more systematically and to work with scientific institutions to perfect them. Along withtechnical measures, the Commission proposes other means suchas real-time closure of zones showing high levels of by-catches.
Izmed različnih možnosti, ki so navedene v sporočilu, Komisijapredlaga, da se postopno in od enega ribolovnega območja dodrugega uvede zakonsko določena zgornja meja zavržkov, katerespoštovanje bi lahko nadzorovali z vpeljavo obveznega dovoza neželenega prilova v pristanišča.
Drawing on the views submitted during the consultation and a workshop scheduled for spring 2008 bringing together all theactors concerned, the Commission will be ready for the last phaseof its regulatory process: finalising a legislative proposal.
Cilj tega ukrepa bi bilspodbuditi ribiče k bolj sistematični uporabi ribolovnih metod in selektivnejših orodij ter k sodelovanju z znanstvenimiustanovami, s pomočjo katerih bi te metode in orodja izpopolnili.Poleg tehničnih predlaga Komisija tudi druge ukrepe, kot jezaprtje ribolovnega območja v realnem času, takoj ko se ugotovivisoka stopnja prilova.
No 39 August 2008
Št. 39 avgust 2008
Special Issue: The Mediterranean Managing Mediterranean fisheries
Posebna številka o Sredozemskem morju Upravljanje ribištva v Sredozemskem morju
Bluefin tuna:Appropriate means of control
Navadni tun:ustrezna sredstva za nadzor
GFCM: Transmediterranean cooperation
GFCM: čezsredozemsko sodelovanje
A European Commission publication I Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries IISSN 1830-6586
Publikacija Evropske komisije I Generalni direktorat za pomorske zadeve in ribištvo I ISSN 1830-6713
Shows and exhibitionsnull
Sejmi in razstave•Nor-Fishing, Trondheim (Norveška),
Fact File Special Issue: The Mediterranean
V središču Posebna številka o Sredozemskem morju
Joining forces to guarantee sustainable Mediterranean fisheries
Bolj selektiven ribolov in boljše upravljanje staležev
Transmediterranean cooperation
Čezsredozemsko sodelovanje
Bluefin tuna: 2008 season under close surveillance
Navadni tun: ribolovno leto 2008 pod strogim nadzorom
Fisheries and aquaculture in Europe is a magazine published by the Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of the European Commission.
Ribištvo in ribogojstvo v Evropi je revija, ki jo izdaja Generalni direktorat Komisije za pomorske zadeve in ribištvo.
Fisheries and aquaculture in Europeis published five times a year and it is also available on the Maritime Affairs and Fisheries DGweb site: http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/publications/magazine_en.htm Editor: European Commission, Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, Director-General.Disclaimer: Whilst the Maritime Affairs and Fisheries DG is responsible for the overall production of this magazine, it is not responsible for the accuracy, content or viewsexpressed within particular articles.
Ribištvo in ribogojstvo v Evropiizide petkrat letno, prav tako pa je na voljo na spletni strani Generalnega direktorata za pomorske zadeve in ribištvo (http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/publications/magazine_en.htm).
The Commission has not, save where otherwise stated, adopted or in any way approved any view appearing in this publication and statements should not be relied upon asstatements of the Commission’s or the Maritime Affairs and Fisheries DG’s views.The Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication, nor does the Commission or any person acting on its behalf accept responsibilityfor any use made thereof.'
Odgovorni urednik: Evropska komisija, Generalni direktorat za pomorske zadeve in ribištvo, generalni direktor.Klavzula o izključitvi odgovornosti: Čeprav je Generalni direktorat za pomorske zadeve in ribištvo odgovoren za splošno realizacijo pričujoče revije, Komisija ni kakor koli nitisprejela niti potrdila stališč, izraženih v tej publikaciji. Vsakršna trditev v tej reviji ne more biti interpretirana kot odsev mnenj Generalnega direktorata Komisije za pomorskezadeve in ribištvo.
European Communities, 2008.Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.Photo: ' Lionel Flageul
Komisija ne jamči za točnost podatkov, navedenih v pričujoči publikaciji.Komisija ali vsaka v njenem imenu delujoča oseba zavrača vso odgovornost za kakršno koli uporabo, ki izhaja iz te revije.© Evropske skupnosti, 2008.Razmnoževanje dovoljeno z omembo vira.Fotografija na naslovnici: © Lionel Flageul
A sea unlike any other?
Morje, drugačno od drugih?
In the European Union alone, the Mediterranean fisheries sector provides a living for more than 90 000 fishermen(1)working on more than 40 000 vessels(2).
Samov Evropski uniji sektor ribištva v Sredozemlju zaposluje blizu 90 000 ribičev(1), ki delajo na več kot 40 000 ladjah(2).
But fishing in the Mediterranean is not just an economic activity.
A ribištvo v Sredozemlju je več kot le gospodarska dejavnost, je del kulture in načina življenja.
It is part of the area's culture and way of life.
Okoli ribištva so se zgradile in razvile cele pokrajine.
In the Mediterranean, more than anywhere else, the sector presents specific characteristics that call for tailor-madeactions.
Ribištvo v Sredozemlju ima posebnosti, ki bolj kot drugje zahtevajo posege, pripravljene po meri.
First of all, the Mediterranean is a semiclosed sea.
Prvič je to morjepol-zaprto.
Due to its narrow continental shelf, a large portion of thefishing activity takes place near the shore. Other distinguishing features include the presence of shared, overlapping,and highly migratory fish stocks, the fragmented nature of scientific data, the importance of recreational fisheries andabove all the practice of multispecies fishing.
Zaradi njegovega ozkega epikontinentalnega pasu se znaten del ribolovnih dejavnosti odvija blizu obale.Druge posebnosti so še skupni ribji staleži, čezoceanski staleži in staleži izrazito selivskih vrst, razpršenost znanstvenihpodatkov, pomembnost rekreativnega ribolova in zlasti izvajanje mnogovrstnega ribolova.
With the adoption of its regulation on the Mediterranean in November 2006, the European Union aimed to set inplace an effective policy for the management of Mediterranean fish resources.
S sprejemom uredbe o Sredozemskem morju novembra 2006 je Evropska unija želela uvesti učinkovito politikoupravljanja ribolovnih virov v Sredozemskem morju.
It was not easy to get the regulation adopted.
Sprejem te uredbe ni bil enostaven.
Although everyone agreed on the need for effective measures toprotect fish stocks and marine ecosystems, as well as a management framework suited to Mediterranean fisheries, afair balance had to be struck between the need for more uniform measures and that of guaranteeing the flexibilityrequired to best support the specific features of the fisheries concerned.
Čeprav so vsi soglašali, da je treba uvesti učinkovite ukrepe za zaščito ribolovnihstaležev in morskih ekosistemov ter ustrezen okvir za upravljanje sredozemskega ribištva, je bilo treba najti pravoravnovesje med potrebo po uvedbi bolj enotnih ukrepov in potrebo po zagotovitvi zadostne prožnosti, ki bi najboljeustrezala posebnostim zadevnega ribištva.
Today, the dynamic is in place, not only for the measures taken by the European Union, but more broadly for all the
Danes so ta vprašanja v polnem razvoju, ne le zaradi ukrepov, ki jih je sprejela Evropska unija, pač pa tudi zaradi vseh
3 countries concerned, which are represented in the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)(
3 držav, ki jih to vprašanje zadeva in ki sodelujejo v Generalni komisiji za ribištvo v Sredozemlju(
Indeed, the solutions to meet the challenge of sustainable Mediterranean fisheries only make sense if they areapplied by all the Mediterranean rim countries.
Možne rešitve za izziv, ki ga pomeni trajnostno ribištvo v Sredozemlju, so namreč smiselne le, če jih izvajajo vse obalnedržave.
Vigilance and monitoring remain essential: there are too many exceptions to the rules.
Pazljivost in nadzor sta še vedno bistvena: ugotavlja se namreč preveč kršitev zakonov.
For example, although driftinggillnets have been banned since 2002 they are still being used.
Za primer: ponovno je bilaopažena uporaba visečih mrež, ki so uradno prepovedane že od leta 2002.
If care is not taken, and if such violations gounpunished, the measures could well be rendered ineffective.
Če se na te kršitve ne bo pazilo in če nebodo sankcionirane, je nevarno, da bodo izničile vso učinkovitost ukrepov.
The members of the GFCM are working in the same direction.
Članice GFCM imajo skupen cilj.
Real progress has been made on controls, closercollaboration for the collection of reliable data, the adoption of technical measures to improve selectivity and thecreation of conditions for sustainable aquaculture. The aim is to guarantee sustainable Mediterranean fisheries,enable coastal communities to maintain a fishing activity and preserve the ancestral heritage of this activity for futuregenerations.
Pri nadzoru, boljšem sodelovanju pri zbiranju zanesljivih podatkov, sprejemanjuselektivnih tehničnih ukrepov in pri ustvarjanju pogojev za trajnostno ribogojstvo je pomembno napredovati, da biv Sredozemlju zagotovili trajnostno ribištvo, da bi obalnim skupnostim omogočili ohranitev ribiške dejavnosti inkončno da bi za prihodnje generacije ohranili dediščino prednikov v tej dejavnosti.
No 39
39 Št
80 % of the Mediterranean fleet is made up of vessels less than 12 metres long that practice coastal fishing on short trips.
80% sredozemske flote sestavljajo plovila, krajša od 12 m, ki lovijo ob obali s kratkimi izhodi na morje.
Fish resources are threatened in the Mediterranean just as they are in other waters.
V Sredozemskem morju in tudi drugje so ribolovni viri ogroženi.
They must be protectedand fisheries must be managed.
Zato jih je treba zaščititi, z ribištvom pa je treba upravljati.
With that aim in mind, the European Union adopted a specific regulation(1) in December 2006 for the sustainable management of fishery resources in the Mediterranean Sea.
Zato je Evropska unija decembra 2006 sprejela posebno uredbo(1)za trajnostno upravljanje ribolovnih virov v Sredozemskem morju.
At the same time, new rules for transmediterranean cooperation were put in place under the auspices of the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean.
Sočasno se pod okriljem Generalne komisije za ribištvo v Sredozemlju uvajajo tudi nova pravila o čezsredozemskem sodelovanju.
The aim of all these actions is to guarantee thesustainability of Mediterranean fisheries, while respecting the unique features of this sea.
Cilj vseh tehdejavnosti: zagotoviti trajnostno ribištvo v Sredozemlju in pri tem upoštevati posebnosti tega morja.
The unique features of the Mediterranean per o u
Sredozemske posebnosti op i v E v ro
This shrinking level, which is not due to areduction in fishing activity itself, reflects an alarming decline incertain stocks.
Razlog za to je v geološki sestavi tega morja.
Pressure is particularly high on swordfish, hake,whiting, red mullet, all the sparidae (sea bream, red seabream,sargo bream, etc.), anchovy, sardine, deepwater rose shrimp andblue-and-red shrimp, species that scientists readily describe as'overexploited'.
Sredozemsko morjeje zelo globoko – v povprečju 1 500 m, a ima brezna, od katerihnajgloblje presega 5 000 m.
And other stocks have yet to be evaluated… As for bluefin tuna, illegal overfishing has grown to such an extent that it has become hard to assess the exploitation level.
Vodni organizmi, ki ne marajo teme in manjše količine hrane, ki je značilna za globine, se zbirajo v epikontinentalnem pasu, ki je v splošnem zelo ozek, razen v Jadranskem in Egejskem morju in v Sicilskem prelivu.
This is due to the Mediterranean's geological configuration.
Če ne upoštevamo navadnega tuna, se danes ulovi 25% manj kot pred 20 leti.
Thissea is very deep – its average depth is 1 500 m but it has deeps of over 5 000 metres.
Ta upad ulova, ki ni posledicamanjšega obsega ribiške dejavnosti same, kaže na skrb zbujajočezmanjšanje nekaterih staležev.