natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
It will be up to the banks to decide whether this scheme (or schemes) has international reach or will simply be co-branded with the international card schemes to offer payment services outside the euro area; in both cases, such (a) scheme(s) would be a key factor in enhancing diversity and competition in the market.
– „spajanje” provizij, ki jih pridobitelji uporabljajo za trgovce (kar prikriva razlike v provizijah med posameznimi shemami in tako ovira konkurenco med njimi);
With regard to co-branding, Visa and MasterCard should not prevent European banks from cobranding their European card schemes with them, regardless of whether this cobranding is designed to obtain full euro area or international-wide reach.
– določilo, da trgovci ne smejo zaračunavati doplačil za kartična plačila, če so ta dražja od drugih instrumentov;
THE INTERCHANGE FEE ISSUE
– spoštovanje pravila „sprejema vseh kartic” pri trgovcih (ki od slednjih zahteva, da sprejmejo vse sheme določene blagovne znamke).
Interchange fees, which are paid by the acquirers (and ultimately by the merchants) to the issuing banks, have been an efficient instrument in promoting the adoption of cards by European citizens.
Medbančne provizije, ki jih bankam izdajateljicam plačujejo pridobitelji (in končno trgovci), so doslej delovale kot učinkovita spodbuda evropskim državljanom, da sprejmejo kartice.
However, interchange fees can also be an obstacle to competition as they reduce the ability of merchants to negotiate the fees they pay to their acquirers.
Vendar pa te provizije lahko tudi ovirajo konkurenco, saj trgovcem otežujejo pogajanja o provizijah, ki jih sami plačujejo svojim pridobiteljem.
The Commission has issued the Sector Inquiry Report on cards, which dealt mainly with interchange fees, and left the general impression that an abolition of interchange fees could be envisaged.
Evropska komisija je izdala poročilo o sektorski raziskavi (Sector Inquiry Report), ki je obravnavalo predvsem medbančne provizije in pustilo splošen vtis, da bi njihova odprava bila mogoča.
The Eurosystem invites the Commission to announce as soon as possible its policy with regard to interchange fees, as such an announcement would give clear guidance for banks and schemes seeking to develop sustainable business models for SEPA.
Eurosistem Komisijo vabi, da čimprej objavi svojo politiko glede medbančnih provizij, saj bi s tem zagotovila jasno oporo bankam in kartičnim shemam, ki nameravajo razviti trajnostne poslovne modele za SEPA.
outside the EU is organised have to be clarified.
Kartična plačila vsebujejo osebne podatke, ki so v EU močno zaščiteni.
The transfer of nonaggregated data outside the EU for statistical purposes or for marketing purposes should be avoided under any circumstances.
Zato je treba podrobno opredeliti pogoje, po katerih je organiziran prenos podatkov izven EU. Prenosu neagregiranih podatkov izven EU za statistične ali oglaševalske namene bi se morali v vseh primerih ogibati.
FRAUD possibilities to process card payments.
•OBDELAVA V skladu z določili okvira delovanja SCF bi banke morale imeti možnost, da izbirajo med različnimi možnostmi pri kartičnih plačilih.
The separation between scheme management and processing must be effective and not just on paper.
Upravljanje shem mora biti dejansko in ne le zgolj na papirju ločeno od obdelave kartičnih plačil.
For example, contractual obligations between banks and card schemes requesting the use of a particular processing channel should be eliminated, and crosssubsidisation between card schemes and their processing units must also be avoided.
Na primer, pogodbene obveznosti med bankami in kartičnimi shemami, ki zahtevajo uporabo določenega kanala za procesiranje, bi morale biti odpravljene. Prav tako se je treba izogibati navzkrižnemu subvencioniranju med kartičnimi shemami in enotami za procesiranje.
Combating fraud is an important aspect of SEPA.
Preprečevanje zlorab je pomemben vidik SEPA.
Fraud increases card payment fees and may even threaten the acceptability of the instrument.
Zlorabe zvišujejo provizije za kartična plačila in lahko ogrozijo celo sprejemljivost tega plačilnega instrumenta.
Apart from the agreement to implement EMV, the EPC is invited to define a clear strategy for combating fraud, placing special focus on the objective of bringing crossborder levels of fraudulent incidents down to national ones.
Poleg dogovora za izvedbo EMV bi moral svet EPC oblikovati tudi jasno strategijo za preprečevanje zlorab, v kateri bi posebej izpostavil prizadevanja za zmanjševanja obsega čezmejnih zlorab na raven zlorab na nacionalni ravni.
MONITORING OF CARD PAYMENT FEES
SPREMLJANJE PROVIZIJ ZA KARTIČNA PLAČILA
As explained above, there is a genuine risk that the solutions chosen by banks to comply with SEPA could lead to price increases.
Kot je pojasnjeno zgoraj, obstaja resno tveganje, da bodo rešitve, ki jih bodo banke izbrale, da bi svoje poslovanje uskladile s SEPA, povzročile podražitve.
Moreover, in the absence of any appropriate statistical framework, bank customers and public authorities could experience increases in some countries, while fees could decline elsewhere.
Poleg tega je mogoče, da bodo v odsotnosti ustreznega statističnega okvira bančni komitenti in državni organi opazili podražitve v eni državi, medtem ko se bodo drugje plačilne storitve pocenile.
As a result, the Eurosystem will investigate with the relevant stakeholders the possibility of establishing a framework to monitor card fees in the coming years.
Eurosistem bo v sodelovanju z drugimi sodelujočimi zato preučil možnost, da se v prihodnjih letih oblikuje sistem za spremljanje provizij za kartična plačila.
To ensure that cardholders can use their SEPA cards across the euro area, it is important to ensure that merchants can accept all SEPA cards as long as this makes economic sense for them of course.
Da bi imetniki kartice SEPA lahko uporabljali kjer koli v euroobmočju, je pomembno zagotoviti, da trgovci lahko sprejmejo vse SEPA-kartice, če je to zanje seveda ekonomsko smiselno.
To secure this objective, there should be no technical barriers to competition.
Za dosega tega cilja konkurence ne smejo ovirati tehnične zapreke. Standardi so temeljni pogoj za svobodno in pošteno konkurenco.
They should cover every phase of the transaction chain (cardholder-to-terminal, terminal-to-acquirer and acquirer-to-issuer), the security evaluation and the certification of devices.
Zajeti morajo vse člene v transakcijski verigi (od imetnika kartice do terminala, od terminala do pridobitelja in od pridobitelja do izdajatelja), varnostni pregled ter certifikacijo naprav.
Concerning terminals in particular, standardisation and the definition of an adequate and independent certification body is essential to ensure that any card can be accepted at any terminal.
Predvsem v zvezi s terminali sta standardizacija in določitev ustreznega in neodvisnega certifikacijskega organa nujna za to, da vsako kartico sprejme vsak terminal.
The EPC should investigate how the objectives of the SCF, especially interoperability, could be ensured by the card standards which are currently under development.
Svet EPC mora ugotoviti, kako je cilje SCF, še zlasti interoperabilnost, mogoče doseči s pomočjo kartičnih standardov, ki so trenutno v razvoju.
Participation in the definition of standards should be open to all stakeholders.
Pri oblikovanju standardov bi morali imeti možnost sodelovati vsi, ki jih to vprašanje zadeva.
The outcome must be mandatory for the entire market, without any opt-out possibilities and with clear implementation deadlines.
Rezultat mora biti zavezujoč za celoten trg, brez možnosti zavrnitve (optout) in z jasnimi izvedbenimi roki.
In view of the above, a SEPA-compliant card scheme is one that complies with the provisions of the SCF and takes into consideration the following needs:
Glede na zgoraj naštete dejavnike je kartična shema skladna s SEPA, če spoštuje določila okvira delovanja SCF in upošteva naslednje zahteve:
In addition to technical standards, additional requirements in terms of business rules and practices are needed to ensure that cardholders have access to many POS terminals.
Poleg tehničnih standardov je treba oblikovati dodatne zahteve glede poslovnih pravil in praks, da bodo imetniki kartic imeli dostop do velikega števila POS-terminalov.
This will also contribute to creating a level playingfield for inter-scheme competition.
To bo prispevalo tudi k enakim konkurenčnim pogojem za vse kartične sheme.
– to offer the same service to merchants and cardholders, wherever the scheme operates in the euro area – the various add-ons should not hamper interoperability;
– trgovcem in imetnikom kartic nudi enako storitev, ne glede na to, kje v euroobmočju shema deluje – različni programski dodatki ne bi smeli ovirati interoperabilnosti;
the long-term objectives of the SEPA project;
– v okviru določene blagovne znamke ima eno samo (če sploh kakšno) medbančno provizijo za celotno euroobmočje;
– to disclose interchange fees and their calculation methodology, and submit them, if possible, to the relevant authorities; approaches in view of SEPA compliance; Section 4 develops the Eurosystem’s view of a SEPA for cards; Section 5 identifies some of the risks that could stem from SEPA migration; and Section 6 concludes with a list of public policy provisions.
– objavi medbančne provizije in metode za njihovo izračunavanje, ter jih, če je mogoče, posreduje pristojnim oblastem;
– to be compliant with the future European Commission position about acquiring and acceptance practices in order to enhance competition and transparency;
– je skladna s prihodnjim stališčem Evropske komisije glede praks pridobivanja in sprejemanja ter tako krepi konkurenčnost in preglednost;
– to separate effectively card scheme management and processing services without any possibility for crosssubsidisation or other practices that could give an advantage to own processing services;
– učinkovito ločuje upravljanje sheme od procesiranja plačil brez možnosti navzkrižnega subvencioniranja ali drugih praks, ki bi lahko dajale prednost njenemu lastnemu centru za obdelavo plačil;
– to contribute to the design of consensusbased selection of standards with a clear commitment for implementation on time;
Za kartični trg v Evropi je značilna visoka raven nacionalne razdrobljenosti.
Currently, the card market in Europe is characterised by a high degree of national fragmentation.
Obstaja vrsta štiristranskih in tristranskih shem.
There are a series of national four-party and threeparty schemes.
Štiristranske sheme vključujejo banke, ki izdajajo kartice za imetnike kartic, banke, ki pridobivajo kartične transakcije za trgovce, ter same imetnike kartic in trgovce (obstajajo tudi možnosti neposredne participacije, ki tukaj niso opisane).
Four-party schemes comprise banks that issue cards for cardholders, banks that acquire card transactions for merchants, and the cardholders and merchants themselves (there are also possibilities of indirect participation which are not described here).
Nasprotno v tristranskih shemah imetnike kartic in trgovce povezuje podjetje, ki hkrati izdaja kartice in pridobiva kartična plačila.
This differs from a threeparty scheme, where cardholders and merchants are joined by a company that both issues cards and acquires card payments.
– prispeva k oblikovanju soglasno določenega nabora standardov in se jasno zaveže, da jih bo pravočasno začela izvajati;
– to avoid any transfer of personal data in a nonaggregated form to countries that are not compliant with the EU rules;
Štiristranske kartične sheme je mogoče razdeliti v dve podskupini: nacionalne in mednarodne sheme:
Four-party card schemes can be subdivided into two types: national and international:
– ogiba se prenosu osebnih podatkov v neagregirani obliki v države, ki niso skladne s predpisi EU;
– to put in place a strategy on how to reduce fraud, especially crossborder fraud.
– oblikuje in izvaja strategijo za zmanjševanje števila zlorab, še zlasti na čezmejni ravni.
There are currently more than 350 million cards in the euro area, which are used to make more than 12 billion payment transactions and 6 billion cash withdrawal transactions per year.
V euroobmočju trenutno obstaja več kot 350 milijonov plačilnih kartic, s katerimi se letno opravi preko 12 milijard plačilnih transakcij in 6 milijard dvigov gotovine.
The SEPA project will have a tremendous impact on this industry.
Projekt SEPA bo imel na to panogo ogromen vpliv.
In this regard, the Eurosystem’s position will be critical in steering the market in the right direction, ensuring future growth and innovation and maximising benefits for Europe’s citizens.
Zato bo stališče Eurosistema ključno za razvoj trgov v pravi smeri, zagotovitev rasti v prihodnosti, spodbujanje inovacij in širitev ugodnosti za evropske državljane.
– national four-party card schemes serve national markets.
– nacionalne štiristranske kartične sheme delujejo na nacionalnih trgih.
In the euro area, there is at least one national card scheme operating per country (e.g. Cartes Bancaires in France, Electronic cash in Germany, and COGEBAN in Italy; Spain however is a special case as there are three national card schemes in operation).
V euroobmočju v vsaki državi deluje vsaj ena (npr. Cartes Bancaires v Franciji, Electronic cash v Nemčiji ali COGEBAN v Italiji; izjema je Španija, kjer delujejo tri nacionalne kartične sheme).
National card schemes are mainly owned, directly or indirectly, by banks.
Nacionalne kartične sheme so večinoma v posredni ali neposredni lasti bank.
Cards issued under national schemes can only be used within the country of issuance, with a very limited number of exceptions.
Kartice, ki jih izdajajo nacionalne kartične sheme, se z zelo redkimi izjemami lahko uporabljajo samo v državi, v kateri so bile izdane.
In relatively few countries, national debit cards are issued under Visa (Visa Electron or V-Pay) and MasterCard (Maestro), but this is much more the case for credit cards.
V razmeroma majhnem številu držav so nacionalne debetne kartice izdane kot Visa (Visa Electron ali V-Pay) ali MasterCard (Maestro), vendar to v mnogo večji meri velja za kreditne kartice.
For this reason, the fragmentation of the card market into national schemes is more of an issue for the debit than for the credit card market;
Zato je vprašanje razdrobljenosti kartičnega trga na nacionalne sheme bolj aktualno pri debetnih kot pri kreditnih karticah.
This report is structured as follows. Section 1 explains the current situation in the card market; Section 2 presents the work carried out so far by the EPC; Section 3 describes the main current trends concerning schemes and banks’
To poročilo je strukturirano na naslednji način: v 1. poglavju so opisane sedanje razmere na kartičnem trgu, 2. poglavje predstavlja delo, ki
EPC’S WORK IN THE FIELD OF A SEPA FOR CARDS
DEJAVNOSTI EPC V OKVIRU SEPA ZA KARTICE
The EPC has adopted the SCF which banks, as members of card schemes, have committed themselves to implementing.
Svet EPC je sprejel okvir delovanja SCF, ki so ga banke kot članice kartičnih shem dolžne izvajati.
The SCF defines a series of high-level principles and rules which “will enable banks, schemes and other stakeholders to move towards SEPA” and which banks and card schemes need to apply in order to pursue card business activity within SEPA.
SCF opredeljuje vrsto temeljnih načel in pravil, ki »bankam, shemam in drugim udeležencem omogočajo postopen prehod na SEPA« in ki ga morajo banke in kartične sheme spoštovati, če želijo izvajati kartične storitve v okviru SEPA.
The SCF defines the following three options among which card schemes should choose in order to position themselves in the SEPA card market (combinations of these are also possible):
SCF opredeljuje naslednje tri možnosti, med katerimi kartične sheme lahko izbirajo, da bi se pozicionirale na kartičnem trgu okolja SEPA (možne so tudi kombinacije teh treh možnosti):
– international four-party card schemes, i.e. Visa and MasterCard, are used for crossborder payments, either within or outside the euro area.
– Mednarodne štiristranske kartične sheme, tj. Visa in MasterCard, se uporabljajo za čezmejna plačila, tako v okviru euroobmočja kot tudi zunaj njega.
Until recently Visa and MasterCard used to be membership associations owned by banks; MasterCard has however since converted into a publiclylisted company, while Visa has also announced similar intentions (although Visa Europe will maintain its membership association structure).
Do nedavnega sta bili Visa in MasterCard članski združenji v lasti bank, vendar se je MasterCard nedavno preoblikoval v delniško družbo, podobne načrte pa je napovedala tudi Visa (čeprav bo Visa Europe ohranilo strukturo članskega združenja).
Option 1: To replace the national scheme by an international card scheme, provided the latter is SCF-compliant.
Prva možnost: zamenjava nacionalne sheme z mednarodno (pod pogojem, da je ta skladna s SCF).
In this case, Visa or MasterCard cards would be issued and acquired in the country, meaning that there is no need to cobrand as crossborder transactions would automatically be covered by the same schemes.
Po tej možnosti se kartica Visa ali MasterCard izda in pridobi v državi, kar pomeni, da co-branding ni potreben, saj bi čezmejne transakcije samodejno pokrila ista shema.
There are several national threeparty schemes as well as the international ones (American Express, Diners and JCB) in most countries, whose cards can be used for transactions within and between countries.
V večini držav deluje več nacionalnih in tudi mednarodnih (American Express, Diners in JCB) tristranskih kartičnih shem, katerih kartice se lahko uporablja za transakcije znotraj posamezne države in med državami.
There is no cobranding as in the case of four-party schemes.
Za razliko od štiristranskih shem se pri tristranskih shemah co-branding ne uporablja.
The national fragmentation of card schemes goes hand in hand with fragmentation in terms of standards and business practices in use.
Nacionalna razdrobljenost kartičnih shem je tesno povezana z razdrobljenostjo standardov in poslovnih praks, ki se uporabljajo v posameznih državah.
The situation is similarly fragmented for technical infrastructure providers such as payment processors, authorisation platforms and providers of cards and POS terminals.
Podobna razdrobljenost velja tudi za ponudnike tehnične infrastrukture, kot so centri za procesiranje, avtorizacijske platforme ter izdelovalci kartic in POS-terminalov.
Option 2: To evolve through alliances with other schemes (as is the case with the Euro Alliance of Payment Schemes (EAPS), for example) or through expansion to the entire euro area.
Druga možnost: razvoj preko povezav z drugimi shemami (npr. Euro Alliance of Payment Schemes (EAPS)) ali z razširitvijo na celotno euroobmočje.
In the case of an alliance of SEPA-compliant card schemes, the participants would follow an open interconnectivity approach (e.g. by mutually agreeing to accept brands).
Pri povezavah s kartičnimi shemami, skladnimi s SEPA, bi udeleženci uporabljali enak pristop odprte povezljivosti (npr. z dogovorom o medsebojnem sprejemanju blagovnih znamk).
Should a SEPA-compliant card scheme be expanded in the euro area, its cards would be used and accepted by cardholders and merchants located anywhere in the euro area.
Ob širitvi s SEPA skladne kartične sheme na euroobmočje bi kartice v shemi lahko uporabljali državljani in sprejemali trgovci, ki se nahajajo kjerkoli v euroobmočju;
Option 3: To cobrand a national scheme with an international scheme (provided that both are SCF-compliant).
Tretja možnost: co-branding nacionalne sheme z mednarodno shemo (pod pogojem, da sta obe skladni s SCF).
Nevertheless, most national card schemes have managed to offer a very efficient service at low cost; their business model, expanded to the whole euro area, should in principle, allow a further reduction in costs because of economies of scale.
Kljub temu večina nacionalnih kartičnih shem zagotavlja zelo učinkovite storitve ob nizkih stroških, zato bi njihov poslovni model, razširjen na celotno euroobmočje, v načelu omogočal nadaljnje zniževanje stroškov, saj bi bilo mogoče izkoristiti ekonomije obsega.
The challenge for SEPA implementation is to combine the transition to a more integrated market with the preservation of high efficiency and low cost levels.
Izziv pri izvedbi projekta SEPA je v tem, da se ob prehodu na tesneje povezan trg ohrani sedanjo visoko raven učinkovitosti ob nizkih stroških.
Three more members – Interpay (Netherlands), Laser (an Irish POS system) and Activa (another POS system in Slovenia) – are also expected to join.
Pobudi se bodo po pričakovanjih pridružili še trije člani: Interpay (Nizozemska), Laser (eden od irskih POS-sistemov) in Activa (POS-sistem v Sloveniji).
Implementation projects have already been set up by processors in Germany, Italy and the Netherlands.
Procesni centri v Nemčiji, Italiji in na Nizozemskem so že pripravili izvedbene načrte.
Through a series of meetings with national and international card schemes, as well as with banking communities, the Eurosystem has gathered information on the main decision trends in view of SEPA migration, on the issues at stake and on some aspects for which banks/schemes requested the guidance/assistance of the Eurosystem.
Predstavniki Eurosistema so se v vrsti sestankov s predstavniki nacionalnih in mednarodnih kartičnih shem ter bančnih skupnosti seznanili z glavnimi trendi pri njihovem odločanju o migraciji v SEPA, odprtimi vprašanji in nekaterih vprašanjih, pri katerih so banke oz. sheme Eurosistem zaprosile za smernice ali pomoč.
Those card schemes that support the EAPS justify their decision on the grounds that they incur higher costs within international card schemes, and lack control over their governance.
Številne kartične sheme in banke so kot svojo prednostno izbiro navedle co-branding.
They also claim that the EAPS approach offers the possibility to enhance pan-European reach at lower costs, since it relies on existing infrastructures and national market acceptance, simply enabling interconnectivity.
Nekaj podpore je dobila druga možnost, ki jo trenutno predstavlja ena sama pobuda, namreč EAPS.
EAPS may therefore offer a way to maintain the efficiency of existing national card payment systems within SEPA.
Zaenkrat so banke in dve državi (Belgija in Finska) sklenile, da nacionalne kartične sheme zamenjajo z mednarodnimi.
Many card schemes and banks expressed their preference for co-branding.
Kartične sheme, ki podpirajo EAPS, kot razlog za svojo odločitev navajajo dejstvo, da bi imele v mednarodnih kartičnih shemah višje stroške, obenem pa manj vpliva na njihovo upravljanje.
There is also some support for the second option, which is currently represented by only one initiative, EAPS.
Poleg tega naj bi EAPS olajšal delovanje na območju celotne Evrope ob nižjih stroških, saj uporablja obstoječo infrastrukturo in zagotavlja sprejem na nacionalnih trgih, kar olajšuje interoperabilnost.
For the moment, the banks in two countries (Belgium and Finland) have decided to replace their national card schemes by international ones.
EAPS bi torej lahko predstavljal rešitev, ki ohranja učinkovitost obstoječih nacionalnih kartičnih plačilnih sistemov v okviru okolja SEPA.
REPLACEMENT BY INTERNATIONAL BRAND
ZAMENJAVA Z MEDNARODNO BLAGOVNO ZNAMKO
However, some national card schemes have so far declined the invitation to join EAPS because they consider that the cost and level of complexity of establishing bilateral arrangements are too high, in conjunction with the perceived lack of a business case.
Vseeno nekatere nacionalne kartične sheme zaenkrat zavračajo vabila za vključitev v EAPS, ker menijo, da je oblikovanje dvostranskih dogovorov predrago in prezapleteno, projekt pa ni ekonomsko upravičen.
Those card schemes/banks that have opted for cobranding were motivated by the following considerations:
Kartične sheme oz. banke, ki so se odločile za co-branding, so motivirali naslednji dejavniki: