natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Quality of healthcare plays a key role in ensuring high levels of public health.
Kakovost zdravstvenega varstva ima ključno vlogo pri zagotavljanju visoke ravni javnega zdravja.
For example, 3 million EU patients suffer from healthcareassociated infections every year and 50 000 die from them.
Vsako leto na primer v EU zbolijo trije milijoni bolnikov zaradi okužb, povezanih z zdravstveno oskrbo, in 50 000 jih zaradi tega umre.
Differences in access to quality care translate into very large differences in treatable mortality.
Razlike pri dostopu do kakovostne oskrbe se kažejo v zelo velikih razlikah pri preprečljivi umrljivosti.
The size of health budgets can determine the capacity of health systems to meet the needs of the population.
Od višine zdravstvenih proračunov je odvisno, ali bodo zdravstveni sistemi lahko izpolnili potrebe prebivalstva.
There is a tendency for Member States reporting lower life expectancy and high levels of unmet need for medical care to also report low health expenditure per capita and as a percentage of GDP.
Države članice, ki poročajo o krajši pričakovani življenjski dobi in visokih ravneh neizpolnjene potrebe po zdravstveni oskrbi, običajno poročajo tudi o manjših izdatkih v zdravstvu na prebivalca in v odstotnem deležu BDP.
Availability (including infrastructure, equipment and number of health professionals), access to and quality of healthcare are key factors in determining inequalities as they inuence the likelihood of overcoming morbidity and avoiding premature mortality.
Razpoložljivost (vključno z infrastrukturo, opremo in številom zdravstvenih delavcev), dostopnost in kakovost zdravstvenega varstva so ključni dejavniki pri ugotavljanju neenakosti, saj vplivajo na verjetnost premagovanja obolevnosti in preprečevanja prezgodnje umrljivosti.
Health systems suer from lack of resources (both financial and human) and their uneven geographical and social distribution.
Zdravstveni sistemi se srečujejo s pomanjkanjem virov ( finančnih in človeških) in njihovo neenakomerno geografsko in socialno porazdelitvijo.
These issues aect the way and the speed with which diseases are diagnosed and treated and therefore impact on overall population health.
Vse to vpliva na način in hitrost odkrivanja in zdravljenja bolezni ter tako tudi na zdravje celotnega prebivalstva.
Socioeconomic differences in access to care can also be observed.
Družbenoekonomske razlike so opazne tudi pri dostopu do nege.
There is a clear income gap in terms of unmet need for medical care. Those in the lowest income quintiles more often report an unmet need due to waiting, direct financial costs or the distance to care facilities.
Pri neizpolnjenih potrebah po zdravstveni oskrbi obstaja jasna razlika med dohodki.Tisti z najnižjimi dohodki pogosteje poročajo o nezadovoljeni potrebi zaradi čakanja, neposrednih  finančnih stroškov ali oddaljenosti od zdravstvenih ustanov.
Evidence suggests that, on average, lower income families have further to travel to hospital or to their family doctor.
Dognanja kažejo, da so družine z nižjimi dohodki v povprečju bolj oddaljene od bolnišnice ali svojega družinskega zdravnika.
Moreover, those with low incomes have less chance of being admitted to hospital or seen by a specialist.
Poleg tega imajo prebivalci z nizkimi dohodki manj možnosti za sprejem v bolnišnico ali pregled pri specialistu.
Several Joint Reports on Social Protection and Social Inclusion have identified barriers to access including lack of health insurance coverage, n u l l
Več skupnih poročil o socialni zaščiti in socialni vključenosti je opredelilo ovire pri dostopu, vključno s pomanjkanjem kritja zdravstvenega a unija op sk vr
direct financial costs of care, geographical disparities in service availability, waiting times and cultural obstacles.
zavarovanja, neposrednimi nančnimi stroški oskrbe, geografskimi razlikami pri dostopu do storitev, čakalnimi časi in kulturnimi razlikami.
Action on health inequalities in EU Member States
Ukrepanje glede neenakosti na področju zdravja v državah članicah Evropske unije
At the same time, high levels of private health care expenditure as a proportion of household income may deter lower socioeconomic groups from accessing health care when they need it, thereby contributing to increased health inequality in some countries.
Sočasno lahko veliki izdatki za zasebno zdravstveno varstvo v primerjavi z dohodkom gospodinjstva nižjim družbenoekonomskim skupinam preprečijo dostop do zdravstvene oskrbe, ko jo potrebujejo, kar prispeva k povečani neenakosti na področju zdravja v nekaterih državah.
The current economic and financial crisis: what is the impact?
Trenutna gospodarska in nančna kriza: kakšen je njen vpliv?
All EU Member States have committed themselves to reducing inequalities in access to health care and health outcomes as an objective of the Open Method of Coordination.
Vse države članice EU so se zavezale, da bodo kot cilj odprte metode usklajevanja zmanjšale neenakosti pri dostopu do zdravstvene oskrbe in zdravstvenih rezultatih.
Reports from Member States which are analysed as part of the annual joint reports on Social Protection and Social Inclusion document the actions they are taking.
Poročila držav članic, ki so analizirana kot del letnih skupnih poročil o socialni zaščiti in socialni vključenosti, navajajo ukrepe, ki jih sprejemajo.
In addition, there are a number of sources of information on Member State-level policy initiatives which have proved effective in tackling health inequalities.
Poleg tega obstajajo številni viri informacij o političnih pobudah na ravni držav članic, ki so se izkazale za učinkovite pri reševanju neenakosti na področju zdravja.
These include the report produced for the 2005 UK Presidency, “Health Inequalities: a Challenge for Europe”, the Eurohealthnet coordinated project“Closing the Gap: Strategies for Action to tackle health inequalities” and the ongoing Eurohealthnet coordinated project “Determine” and its related web site (www. health-inequalities.eu).
Mednje spadajo poročilo, pripravljeno za predsedovanje Združenega kraljestva leta 2005, „Neenakosti na področju zdravja: izziv za Evropo“, projekt, ki ga usklajuje Eurohealthnet, „Zapolnitev vrzeli: strategije ukrepanja za odpravo neenakosti na področju zdravja” in projekt „Determine“, ki ga usklajuje Eurohealthnet in še poteka, ter njegova spletna stran (http://www.health-inequalities.eu).
Dicult macroeconomic conditions can have a strong negative eect on health.
Težke makroekonomske razmere lahko močno negativno vplivajo na zdravje.
They often lead to increased levels of stress and risky behaviour such as drinking and smoking.
Pogosto vodijo do povečanega stresa in tveganega vedenja, kot sta pitje alkoholnih pijač in kajenje.
This can of itself negatively impact on health and also lead to factors such as depression, disturbed immune system and accidents.
To lahko samo po sebi negativno vpliva na zdravje in pripelje do depresije, motenj imunskega sistema in nesreč.
These eects can have further health and education consequences within families, particularly for children.
Ti učinki lahko imajo v družinah nadaljnje posledice za zdravje in izobraževanje, zlasti pri otrocih.
A long economic crisis can give rise to long-lasting negative impacts on health.
Dolga gospodarska kriza lahko vodi v dolgoročno negativne posledice za zdravje.
Symptoms of burnout conditions may appear years rather than weeks or months after redundancy.
Simptomi izgorelosti se lahko pojavijo ne le v tednih ali mesecih po izgubi zaposlitve, temveč še več let zatem.
This gathers information from Member States on strategies to tackle health inequalities.
Tako se od držav članic zbirajo informacije o strategijah za odpravo neenakosti na področju zdravja.
The largest amount of evidence comes from the UK, where comprehensive strategies to tackle health inequalities have been developed over more than a decade and where several evaluations have taken place.
Največ dokazov prihaja iz Združenega kraljestva, kjer so bile v več kot desetletju razvite celovite strategije za odpravo neenakosti na področju zdravja in opravljene številne ocene.
The available evidence indicates that many Member States share the conclusions mentioned below.
Povečane omejitve pri dostopu do kakovostne zdravstvene oskrbe in socialnega varstva, zlasti za prebivalce iz nižjih družbenoekonomskih skupin, so še en učinek gospodarske recesije.
For some of them, a case study has been selected for illustration purposes.
Če je dostop do oskrbe odvisen od razpolaganja s nančnimi sredstvi ali če države članice v odziv na krizo zmanjšajo vire, namenjene za zdravstveno oskrbo in socialno varstvo, bosta rezultat manjša pokritost z oskrbo ali njena slabša kakovost.
Increased restrictions on access to quality health and social care, especially for those in lower socioeconomic groups, is another eect of an economic downturn.
Razpoložljivi dokazi kažejo, da so mnogim državam članicam skupni sklepi, navedeni v nadaljevanju.
Financial pressure on health systems can lead countries to review their policy mix on health determinants in search of greater eectiveness and eciency.
Zaradi nančnega pritiska na zdravstvene sisteme države za doseganje večje uspešnosti in učinkovitosti znova preučijo svojo kombinacijo politik v zvezi z dejavniki zdravja.
This again, can increase inequality of access to care.
Tudi to lahko poveča neenakost pri dostopu do oskrbe.
Proportionate Universalism: “To reduce the steepness of the social gradient in health, actions must be universal, but with a scale and intensity that is proportionate to the level of disadvantage” (“Fair Society, Healthy Lives – Strategic Review of Health Inequalities in England post 2010”Published by The Marmot Review February 2010)2.
Sorazmerni univerzalizem:„Da bi zmanjšali pospešeno socialno razslojenost, morajo biti ukrepi splošni, vendar v takem obsegu in tako intenzivni, kot je sorazmerno z ravnijo slabšega položaja.“ („Pravična družba, zdravo življenje – strateški pregled neenakosti na področju zdravja v Angliji po letu 2010“, izdala The Marmot Review, februar 2010) (2).
This is particularly the case for health promotion and disease prevention programmes for disadvantaged areas, vulnerable families and lower socioeconomic groups (e.g. mothers, children, young parents and those over 50).
To še zlasti velja za programe spodbujanja zdravja in preprečevanja bolezni na prikrajšanih območjih, za ranljive družine in nižje družbenoekonomske skupine (na primer matere, otroke, mlade starše in starejše od 50 let).
CASE STUDY 2 Hungary – Opre Roma: Raising awareness for planning healthy and sustainable houses amongst
ŠTUDIJA PRIMERA 2 Madžarska – Opre Roma: ozaveščanje pri načrtovanju zdravih
1 a Roma community living in Debrecen
1 in trajnostnih hiš v romski skupnosti, ki živi v Debrecenu (
Member States feel that regional and local action, supported by national and EU action, is very important to achieve results.
Države članice menijo, da sta regionalno in lokalno ukrepanje, ki ga podpirata nacionalno ukrepanje in ukrepanje Evropske unije, zelo pomembni za doseganje rezultatov.
Local authorities must identify individuals at risk of lower health status in their communities.
Lokalne oblasti morajo opredeliti posameznike, pri katerih obstaja tveganje za nižji zdravstveni status v njihovih skupnostih.
To reach these individuals, regional-level actors can build neighbourhood and community infrastructure.
Da bi dosegli te posameznike, lahko akterji na regionalni ravni vzpostavijo sosedsko in skupnostno infrastrukturo.
The main aims of this initiative were to raise awareness in the community towards environmental, energy and health-behavioural issues, to build up community plans for sustainable, energy-saving and health-conductive social housing, but also to build-up plans for social housing that can be performed immediately.
Glavni cilji te pobude so bili ozaveščanje skupnosti o okoljskih in energetskih vprašanjih ter o zdravju škodljivih navadah, da bi pripravili načrte skupnosti za trajnostna, energetsko varčna in zdravstveno primerna socialna stanovanja ter načrte za socialna stanovanja, ki se lahko izvedejo nemudoma.
Community members were fully involved in the development of these plans and received appropriate training in household management and energy saving fields.
Člani skupnosti so bili v celoti vključeni v razvoj teh načrtov in so se ustrezno usposabljali na področjih upravljanja gospodinjstva in varčevanja z energijo.
More generally linkage between health and housing and environment was a key skill acquired by people involved in the project.
Na splošno je bila povezanost med zdravjem, bivališčem in okoljem ključno znanje, ki so ga pridobili udeleženi v projektu.
Key results: housing conditions were identied as a key determinant of health status, and thus playing a role in health inequalities.
Ključni rezultati: stanovanjske razmere so bile opredeljene kot ključni dejavnik zdravstvenega stanja, ki imajo zato vlogo pri neenakostih na področju zdravja.
Improvement of housing conditions, and building of new houses taking the Roma cultural background fully into account was one of the key achievements of this project.
Izboljšanje stanovanjskih razmer, vključno z gradnjo novih hiš, je bilo ob celovitem upoštevanju kulturnega ozadja Romov en od ključnih dosežkov tega projekta.
The main objective was to use employment providers as an institutional framework for the implementation of health promotion.
Glavni cilj je bil uporabiti ponudnike zaposlitve kot institucionalni okvir za izvajanje spodbujanja zdravja.
Specic training sessions were performed by training institutions that are normally in charge of supporting job seekers.
Izobraževalne ustanove, ki običajno skrbijo za podporo iskalcem zaposlitve, so izvedle posebna usposabljanja.
Statutory health insurance institutions are also key partners of this project, as they also perform group-focused actions.
Ključne partnerke v tem projektu so tudi državne ustanove za zdravstveno zavarovanje, saj izvajajo ukrepe, usmerjene v skupine.
Building partnerships with the non-prot sector, business and the employment market can also be an eective means of raising awareness and prompting action to help those at higher risk from health problems.
Tudi ustvarjanje partnerstva z neprotnim sektorjem, poslovnim in zaposlitvenim trgom je lahko učinkovito sredstvo ozaveščanja in spodbujanja ukrepov za pomoč tistim, pri katerih obstaja večje tveganje zdravstvenih težav.
Jobless people were approached and managed through a specic methodology**to assess individual health competence very precisely (especially a comprehensive motivational health talk) and to build up a health promotion plan.
zdravju (zlasti celosten motivacijski pogovor o zdravju) in pripravo načrta za spodbujanje zdravja.
Various programs, especially prevention courses, stress management, and group-focused training sessions are financially supported by statutory health insurances.
Različne programe, zlasti preventivne tečaje, za obvladovanje stresa in skupinske oblike usposabljanja, nančno podpirajo državne zdravstvene zavarovalnice.
Training sessions were also specically designed for the staff of the qualifying and employment providers.2
Usposabljanja so bila posebno oblikovana tudi za osebje izbranih ponudnikov in ponudnikov zaposlitve.2
Thanks to this program, occupation and qualication institutions for the unemployed and statutory health insurance institutions work in close connection, to improve health of jobless people in their own setting.
Zaradi tega programa ustanove za izobraževanje in kvalikacije za brezposelne ter državne ustanove za zdravstveno zavarovanje tesno sodelujejo, da bi izboljšale zdravje brezposelnih ljudi v njihovem okolju.
Key results: The project was very well accepted by institutions.
Ključni rezultati: ustanove so projekt zelo dobro sprejele.
Improvement in health behaviour (especially physical activity and nutrition) and reduction of psychosocial stress has been identied and workability improved thanks to this program.
Zaradi tega programa je bilo zaznano izboljšanje pri zdravju škodljivih navadah (zlasti glede zične aktivnosti in prehrane), zmanjšanju psihosocialnega stresa in izboljšanju delovne sposobnosti.
EU-level action
Ukrepanje na ravni Evropske unije
Measurement and regular reporting of health inequality indicators is an essential first step towards effective action, especially in deprived areas.
Merjenje in redno poročanje o kazalnikih neenakosti na področju zdravja je temeljni prvi korak k učinkovitemu ukrepanju, posebej na ogroženih območjih.
Gathering information through regular monitoring of health indicators can support awareness-raising and allow policy makers to identify the extent of inequalities and where they lie (types of diseases and causes of mortality).
Zbiranje informacij z rednim spremljanjem kazalnikov zdravja lahko podpira ozaveščanje, oblikovalcem politik pa omogoča opredelitev obsega in vzrokov neenakosti (vrste bolezni in vzroki umrljivosti).
On 20 October 2009 the Commission adopted the Communication “Solidarity
Komisija je 20. oktobra 2009 sprejela sporočilo „Solidarnost na področju
Applying health impact assessments and health equity tests and audits to policies across the board is an eective way to generate inter-secto-ral awareness of health inequalities and their social determinants.
Uporaba ocen vplivov na zdravje, preskusov pravičnosti na področju zdravja in revizij pri vseh politikah je učinkovit način ustvarjanja medsektorskega zavedanja neenakosti na področju zdravja in njihovih socialnih dejavnikov.
in health: reducing health inequalities in the EU”3.
zdravja: zmanjšanje neenakosti na področju zdravja v EU“ (3).
Work on the Communication was led jointly by the Commissioners for health and for social policy.
Pripravo sporočila sta skupaj vodila komisarja za zdravje in za socialno politiko.
Member States or research review studies have deemed numerous specic policy actions to be eective in tackling healthcare inequalities.
Sporočilo nadgrajuje obstoječe delo, opisano v nadaljevanju, in opredeljuje področja, na katerih so potrebni nadaljnji ukrepi.
Key actions set out in the Communication include:
Ključni ukrepi, opredeljeni v sporočilu, vključujejo:
In the Netherlands and the UK eorts were made to improve access to information on the risks of smoking as well as to smoking cessation services for those in deprived areas and in lower socioeconomic groups.
Države članice ali raziskovalne pregledne študije so številne posebne politične ukrepe ocenile kot učinkovite pri odpravi neenakosti na področju zdravstvenega varstva.
Integrating equitable distribution of health within overall economic and social development.
• vključevanje enakosti na področju zdravja v splošni gospodarski in družbeni napredek.
Consideration could be given to whether sound monitoring of health inequality indicators would also help to monitor the social dimension of the future Lisbon Strategy (Europe 2020);
Preučiti bi bilo mogoče, ali bi bilo smotrno sprem- ljanje kazalnikov neenakosti na področju zdravja uporabno orodje za spremljanje njene socialne razsežnosti (Evropa 2020);
These areas consistently show higher rates of smoking than more affluent groups.
Na Nizozemskem in v Združenem kraljestvu so potekala prizadevanja za izboljšanje dostopa do informacij o tveganjih, povezanih s kajenjem, in storitev za prenehanje kajenja za prebivalce na ogroženih območjih in iz nižjih družbenoekonomskih skupin.
Improving ways of working with Member States, stakeholders and regions;
• izboljšanje načina sodelovanja z državami članicami, zainteresiranimi stranmi in regijami;
Enhancing EU support for research into health inequalities;
• povečanje podpore EU za raziskave o neenakosti na področju zdravja;
Audits of policies to ascertain their impact in reducing health inequalities;
• spodbujanje držav članic za boljšo uporabo možnosti v sklopu kohezijske politike EU, strukturnih skladov in politike razvoja podeželja SKP za obravnavo dejavnikov neenakosti na področju zdravja;
Improving ante-natal (screening and immunisation) and post-natal care, including neo-natal screening and parent support, such as provision of information on nutrition, parental smoking and sleeping positions, is a key element in raising overall health levels.
Izboljšanje predporodne (preiskave in imunizacija) ter poporodne oskrbe, vključno z neonatalnimi pregledi in podporo staršem, kot je zagotavljanje informacij o prehrani, kajenju staršev in spalnih položajih, je ključni element pri izboljševanju splošne ravni zdravja.
Both the UK and Poland have launched programmes so that those in less auent areas and/or socioeconomic groups can receive proper ante-natal and post-natal care in order to reduce the gap in neo-natal and infant mortality.
Združeno kraljestvo in Poljska sta uvedla programe, da lahko tisti na manj premožnih območjih in/ali iz manj premožnih družbenoekonomskih skupin dobijo primerno predporodno in poporodno oskrbo za zmanjšanje vrzeli pri neonatalni umrljivosti in umrljivosti otrok.
A similar programme aimed at migrants is underway in the Netherlands.
Podoben program, namenjen migrantom, poteka na Nizozemskem.
Such programmes work with family doctors and hospitals and include home visits to vulnerable mothers from early pregnancy until the child reaches two years of age.
Taki programi sodelujejo z družinskimi zdravniki in bolnišnicami ter vključujejo obiske ranljivih mater na domu od zgodnje nosečnosti do otrokovega drugega leta starosti.
Activities targeting certain vulnerable groups such as ethnic minorities, migrants and Roma;
• dejavnosti, ki se osredotočajo na določene ranljive skupine, kot so etnične manjšine, migranti in Romi;
Exploring possibilities for synergies between the Commission’s development aid and work on health inequalities;
• preučitev možnih sinergij med razvojno pomočjo Komisije in ukrepi za zmanjševanje neenakosti na področju zdravja;
Improving measurement and monitoring of health inequalities, with the first report expected to be published in 2012.
• izboljšanje meritev in spremljanja neenakosti na področju zdravja, pri čemer naj bi bilo prvo poročilo objavljeno leta 2012.
European Employment Strategy
Evropska strategija zaposlovanja
The importance of employment for health is highlighted in a number of EU guidelines: n u l l
Pomen zaposlitve za zdravje poudarja več smernic EU: a unija op sk vr
Employment Guideline 17 focuses on improving quality and productivity at work and modernising social protection systems.
Zaposlitvena smernica 17 se osredotoča na izboljšanje kakovosti in produktivnosti pri delu ter posodobitev sistemov socialnega varstva.
Health and safety at work is one of the main factors in ensuring good working conditions.
Zdravje in varnost pri delu sta med najpomembnejšimi dejavniki za zagotavljanje dobrih delovnih razmer.
It is also a crucial element in attracting more people into the labour market, in particular in the light of Europe’s ageing population.
Sta tudi ključna elementa za privabljanje več ljudi na trg dela, zlasti ob upoštevanju staranja evropskega prebivalstva.
It thus has a concrete contribution to make towards reducing health inequalities.
Zato lahko konkretno prispevata k zmanjševanju neenakosti na področju zdravja.
Employment Guideline 21 promotes and disseminates innovative and adaptable forms of work organisation to improve quality and productivity, as well as health and safety at work.
Zaposlitvena smernica 21 spodbuja in širi inovativne in prilagodljive oblike organizacije dela za izboljšanje kakovosti in produktivnosti ter zdravja in varstva pri delu.
It encourages implementation of integrated flexicurity approaches with the aim of helping workers, including those in low-skilled jobs and at the margins of the labour market to cope with a more complex, diverse and irregular, and therefore demanding working life.
Spodbuja izvajanje pristopov integrirane prožne varnosti s ciljem pomagati delavcem, tudi tistim na nizko kvali ciranih delovnih mestih in na obrobju trga dela, da se lahko spoprimejo z bolj zapletenim, raznovrstnim in nerednim ter zato zahtevnejšim delovnim življenjem.