natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
– Cities should take a leading role in preparing an innovation strategy for the broader region.
– Mesta morajo imeti pomembno vlogo pri pripravi inovacijske strategije za celotno regijo.
They may also, where appropriate, take the initiative to support or undertake their own research.
Če je primerno, lahko podprejo raziskovalne dejavnosti ali začnejo svoje lastne raziskovalne dejavnosti.
– Cities are encouraged to be involved in European R & D activities (FP7) and should support the introduction of technological innovations.
– Mesta se spodbuja, da sodelujejo pri projektih raziskav in razvoja (Sedmi okvirni program za raziskave in razvoj) ter podpirajo uvedbo tehnoloških inovacij.
– Cities should work to make regional RTD innovation and education supply more efficient and accessible to local firms, in particular SMEs and social enterprises.
– Mesta bi morala zagotoviti boljšo ponudbo v zvezi z izobraževanjem, inovacijami ter raziskavami in tehnološkim razvojem, ki bi bila dostopnejša lokalnim podjetjem, zlasti malim in srednjim podjetjem ter podjetjem s področja socialnega gospodarstva.
– Cities can stimulate and coordinate partnerships and clusters of excellence with universities and other institutions of higher education, creating business incubators, joint ventures and science parks.
– Mesta lahko spodbujajo in usklajujejo partnerstva in centre odličnosti z univerzami in ustanovami visokošolskega izobraževanja tako, da ustanavljajo podjetniške inkubatorje, skupna podjetja in znanstvene parke.
– Cities are encouraged to develop an integrated and balanced information society strategy.
– Mesta naj razvijejo celostno in uravnoteženo strategijo za področje informacijske družbe in preprečijo digitalni razkorak tako, da omogočijo dostop do novih tehnologij v skladu s cilji pobude i20105
The aim being to tackle the digital divide, in line with the objectives of the new i20105initiative (in eGovernment, eBusiness, e-Learning, digital literacy, e-inclusion and e-accessibility) as well as with regional and national information society strategies.
(na upravnem področju in področjih spletne trgovine, izobraževanja na daljavo, računalniške pismenosti, virtualne vključenosti in dostopa). Ta strategija mora biti usklajena z regionalnimi in nacionalnimi strategijami na tem področju.
– Cities should support early adoption of eco-innovations and environmental management systems6.
– Mesta bi morala podpreti hitro sprejemanje ekoloških inovacij in sistemov upravljanja okolja6
Investing in this area now will give European businesses the opportunity to build a leading position in a future growth sector.
Sedanje naložbe na tem področju bodo evropskim podjetjem omogočile, da v prihodnosti prevzamejo vodilni položaj v hitro rastočem sektorju.
5MORE AND BETTER JOBS
ŠTEVILNEJŠA IN BOLJŠA DELOVNA MESTA
The Paradox of Cities: many jobs, yet high unemployment
Mestni paradoks: veliko delovnih mest in hkrati visoka brezposelnost
The paradox is that cities concentrate both needs and opportunities.
Paradoks izhaja iz dejstva, da v mestih obstajajo hkrati potrebe in možnosti razvoja.
Highly qualified people are over-represented in cities, so are those with very low skills and levels of qualifications.
Tu so preveč številne tako visoko kvalificirane osebe kot tudi osebe z zelo nizko stopnjo izobrazbe.
) «“i2010: An information society for growth and jobs”, COM(2005) 229 of 1.6.2005.)
) „ i2010: Evropska informacijska družba za rast in zaposlovanje“, COM(2005) 229 konč.,1.6.2005.)
«This is an area with a clear link to the Framework Programme for Competitiveness and Innovation.
Gre za področje, tesno povezano z Okvirnim programom za konkurenčnost in inovacijo.
The guidelines for action are:
Nekaj predlaganih smernic
– The Structural Funds can in the framework of the convergence Objective support actions to strengthen institutional capacity efficiency at local and regional level and particularly in the provision of public and administrative services.
– S strukturnimi skladi se lahko v okviru konvergenčnega cilja podprejo ukrepi za krepitev institucionalne zmogljivosti, zlasti učinkovitosti uprave in javnih storitev na lokalni in regionalni ravni.
In particular they can encourage the improvement of their capacities for analysis and action for example, cities should be able to use the systems and tools of analysis necessary for anticipating economic and social changes which will take base at local and regional level.
Še posebej se spodbuja večanje njihove sposobnosti analize in ukrepanja. Mesta bi na primer morala imeti možnost uporabe sistemov in orodij za analizo, ki so nujni za predvidevanje gospodarskih in socialnih sprememb na lokalni in regionalni ravni.
They should also take measures to improve the efficiency of the administration with one-stop desk and regrouping different services.
Ukrepati bi morala tudi za izboljšanje učinkovitosti uprave, in sicer tako, da bi na čakalnih mestih uvedla okenca „vse na enem mestu“ in prerazporedila več storitev.
– Action to create jobs and fight unemployment needs to be taken at the local level with the help of regions and Member States.
– Mesta lahko dajo pobudo za ustvarjanje delovnih mest in preprečevanje brezposelnosti na lokalni ravni ob podpori regij in držav članic.
Notably, they can create partnerships and employment and innovation pacts, bringing together key players within an area – elected representatives, business leaders, NGOs, interest groups and universities – to engage in positive and dynamic social and economic development.
Ustanovijo lahko partnerstva ali povezave za zaposlovanje in inovacijo, ki združujejo ključne akterje nekega območja – izvoljene predstavnike, vodje podjetij, nevladne organizacije, interesne skupine in univerze – ki spodbudijo pozitiven in dinamičen gospodarski in socialni razvoj.
– Cities should tackle their weaknesses, boosting employability among those groups within the population which find it hardest to access employment e.g. women, young people, older workers, ethnic minorities, the long term unemployed, the homeless and the handicapped.
– Mesta bi morala skušati odpraviti svoje šibke točke s spodbujanjem zaposljivosti tistih skupin prebivalstva, ki težje najdejo zaposlitev, na primer žensk, mladih, starejših delavcev, etničnih manjšin, oseb, ki so bile dolgo časa brezposelne, brezdomcev in invalidnih oseb.
Improving employability by raising levels of educational achievement and training
Izboljšanje zaposljivosti z zvišanjem ravni izobraževanja in usposabljanja
– Cities can support education and training in many ways, such as supporting the development of coherent and comprehensive lifelong learning strategies, a better recognition and valorisation of non-formal and informal education, investing in attractive, accessible and high quality training provision at various levels, supporting the modernisation of systems (including modular and scalable ICT training and eLearning schemes), promoting the quality and attractiveness of vocational training, and improving investment in the learning infrastructure.
– Mesta lahko na številne načine spodbujajo izobraževanje in usposabljanje: s podpiranjem razvoja splošnih in celostnih strategij na področju vseživljenjskega učenja, bolj učinkovitim priznavanjem in izkoriščanjem formalnega in neformalnega izobraževanja, z vlaganjem v ponudbo zanimivega, dostopnega in visokokakovostnega usposabljanja na različnih ravneh, s spodbujanjem posodabljanja obstoječih sistemov (zlasti prilagodljivih in modularnih sistemov izobraževanja na daljavo in usposabljanja na področju ICT), z večanjem kakovosti in privlačnosti poklicnega izobraževanja ter z več naložbami v izobraževalno infrastrukturo.
– Cities can target support at those groups which disproportionately suffer disadvantages in the labour market (e.g. early school leavers, low-skilled young people, older workers and certain groups of immigrants and ethnic minorities).
– Mesta lahko podprejo predvsem zapostavljene skupine na trgu dela ( na primer osebe, ki so prezgodaj zaključile šolanje, mlade z nizkimi kvalifikacijami, starejše delavce in nekatere skupine imigrantov in etničnih manjšin).
– To be competitive, cities need to attract and support people with a variety of skills.
– Da bi bila mesta konkurenčna, bi morala privabiti in spremljati osebe z zelo različnimi kvalifikacijami.
Workers in support services – including retail, hospitality, cleaning and construction – have a role to play.
Delavci, zaposleni v storitvah – zlasti na področjih prodaje na drobno, hotelirstva in strežbe, čiščenja in gradnje – imajo pomembno vlogo.
– Local authorities need to offer ‘finely tuned’ training and integration programmes, which offer routes back into employment, as well as entrepreneurship.
– Lokalni organi oblasti bi morali predlagati prilagojene programe vključevanja in usposabljanja, ki bi omogočili ponovno vključitev na trg dela in bi spodbudili podjetniško miselnost.
The long-term unemployed require specific support.
Osebe, ki so bile dolgo časa brezposelne, potrebujejo posebno pomoč.
Comprehensive ‘re-engagement’ packages are needed, covering work experience, training and confidence building with flexible arrangements for on the job training with local employers.
Potrebni so programi ponovnega zaposlovanja, ki vključujejo strokovne izkušnje, usposabljanje in okrepitev samozaupanja z možnimi prožnimi dogovori z lokalnimi delodajalci za usposabljanje na delovnem mestu.
DISPARITIES WITHIN CITIES
RAZLIKE ZNOTRAJ MEST
The urban paradox is also reflected in disparities between neighbourhoods.
Mestni paradoks je razviden tudi iz razlik med četrtmi.
The Urban Audit shows that almost all cities where unemployment is at a level of 10% or higher, have certain areas within which unemployment rates are at least double the city average.
Projekt Urban Audit – Predstavitev mest kaže, da v skoraj vseh mestih s stopnjo brezposelnosti 10 % ali več obstajajo določena območja, kjer je ta odstotek vsaj dvakrat večji od mestnega povprečja.
In some cases, unemployment rates reach up to 60%.
V nekaterih primerih stopnja brezposelnosti doseže 60 %.
Within such deprived neighbourhoods, high unemployment is compounded by multiple deprivations in terms of poor housing, poor environment, poor health, poor education, few job opportunities and high crime rates.
Visoko brezposelnost v zapostavljenih soseskah spremljajo še slabi pogoji v zvezi s stanovanjem, okoljem, zdravjem, izobraževanjem, možnostmi zaposlovanja in stopnjo kaznivih dejanj.
Promoting social inclusion and equal opportunities (7
Spodbujanje socialne vključenosti in enakih možnosti (7
Guidelines for promoting social inclusion include :
Nekaj predlaganih smernic
– Actions for breaking-up of patterns of segregation and the integration of migrants, including language and more general training.
– Ukrepi za vključevanje imigrantov in preprečevanje segregacije, zlasti s pomočjo jezikovnega in splošnega izobraževanja.
It is essential to involve the target community in planning and providing such training.
Nujno je, da se zadevna skupnost vključi v načrtovanje in organizacijo takšnih usposabljanj.
The inclusion of immigrant women in training actions is one of the keys to successful integration.
Eden od ključnih elementov uspešnega sodelovanja je vključevanje žensk imigrantk v te dejavnosti.
– Cooperation between city authorities, schools and the local community in providing training for young people.
– Sodelovanje med mestnimi organi oblasti, šolami in lokalnimi skupnostmi pri zagotavljanju usposabljanja za mlade.
Moreover, some cities have had very positive experiences in including young people in the conception and delivery of such programmes8.
Nekatera mesta so dosegla zelo dobre rezultate, ko so v sestavo in izvedbo takšnih programov vključila mlade8
– The improvement of social services to rise to the challenge of child poverty and prevent the emergence of street children in European cities.
– Izboljšanje socialnih storitev za zmanjšanje revščine otrok in preprečevanje pojava otrok, ki živijo na cesti, v evropskih mestih.
– Measures to raise women’s skills and qualifications, facilitating their return to the labour market after periods of absence, supporting single mothers and other women (including those from ethnic minorities) facing labour market obstacles, and also giving the opportunity to obtain knowledge and qualifications regarding entrepreneurship and self-employment.
– Sprejetje ukrepov za večjo usposobljenost in kvalificairanost žensk, ki bi jim po obdobju odsotnosti omogočili ponoven dostop do trga dela, pridobitev potrebnih kvalifikacij in znanja za ustanovitev podjetja ali začetek samostojne dejavnosti, ter samskim materam in drugim ženskam (zlasti pripadnicam etničnih manjšin) pomagali pri premagovanju ovir na trgu dela.
Specific training and encouragement is of particular benefit to women.
Posebna usposabljanja in spodbuda še zlasti koristijo ženskam.
– The provision of childcare facilities for women returning to the labour market.
– Infrastruktura varstva otrok za ženske, ki se vrnejo na trg dela.
Increased security for citizens
Večja varnost državljanov
The guidelines for action are as follows:
Nekaj predlaganih smernic
– Cities should adopt a joined-up and proactive approach to local crime reduction policies.
– Mesta bi morala imeti sestavljen in aktiven pristop pri oblikovanju politik za preprečevanje lokalnega kriminala.
For example, by improving the planning, design and maintenance of public spaces, cities can “plan out” crime, helping to create attractive streets, parks and open spaces which are safe and feel safe.
Mesta lahko na primer z boljšim načrtovanjem, oblikovanjem in vzdrževanjem javnih površin zmanjšajo kriminal, pomagajo oblikovati privlačne ulice, parke in odprte površine, ki so
) “2007: European year of equal opportunities for all: towards a fair society”, COM(2005) 225 final of 1.6.2005.)
) „2007 : Evropsko leto enakih možnosti za vse.
These experiences have been shared in the youth forums of the URBACT network. Website: http://urbact.eu
Za pravično družbo“, COM(2005) 225 konč.,1.6.2005.)
– Focus on “youth at risk”.
– Posebno pozornost je treba nameniti „ogroženim mladim“.
It is particularly important to catch young would-be criminals at an early stage in their “career”.
Pomembno je, da se zelo zgodaj preprečijo kazniva dejanja mladih.
This includes strategies to reduce truancy and offer other career options, such as vocational training opportunities.
V ta namen je treba vzpostaviti strategije za preprečevanje odsotnosti od pouka in ponuditi druge možnosti, med drugim tudi poklicno usposabljanje.
– Creation and “professionalisation” of local safety-related jobs, cooperation between security services, involvement of local residents in a meaningful and sustainable way.
– Ustvarjanje delovnih mest, povezanih z varnostjo, in njihova strokovnost, sodelovanje med službami, zadolženimi za varnost, in trajna vključenost prebivalcev.
This includes the creation of local mediators, community safety officers and street wardens who have emerged as key figures in tackling local crime in many cities.
Sem spadajo tudi lokalni posredniki, varnostniki, zadolženi za določeno sosesko, in osebe, ki skrbijo za varnost ulic. V številnih mestih so te osebe uspešno posredovale pri boju proti lokalnemu kriminalu. Ključno je, da se usposabljanja na tem področju izboljšajo in priznajo.
It also includes neighbourhood watch schemes and projects to bring the police closer to local communities.
V soseskah se lahko vzpostavijo sistemi nadzora, obstajajo pa tudi drugi projekti, katerih namen je približati policijo lokalnemu prebivalstvu.
7 GOVERNANCE
7 UPRAVLJANJE
What is required is flexible cooperation between the different territorial levels.
Pomembno je, da se med različnimi javnimi organizacijami vzpostavi prožno sodelovanje.
Cities must find forms of governance which respect the institutional organisation of each Member State and which are able to manage all aspects of urban development.
Mesta morajo ob upoštevanju organizacije institucij v vsaki državi članici najti učinkovite načine za upravljanje vseh vidikov razvoja mest.
Guidelines for action:
Nekaj predlaganih smernic
– Develop partnerships between cities, regions and the state, within the framework of an integrated and coherent approach to urban development.
– Razvoj partnerstev med mesti, regijami in državami v okviru celostnega pristopa k razvoju mest.
– To rise to the challenge of global competition, it will often be necessary for European cities to elaborate strategies co-ordinated at the level of agglomerations or urban networks in order to achieve critical mass.
– Pri soočanju s svetovno konkurenco bodo morala evropska mesta pogosto oblikovati usklajene strategije na ravni naselij ali v obliki mreže, da bi dosegla kritično maso.
– Management of the urban-rural interface. This means coordination between urban authorities (both central and suburban) on the one hand and rural and regional authorities on the other.
– Posredovanje med mestnimi in podeželskimi območji pomeni usklajevanje med mestnimi organi oblasti (center mesta in obrobje) na eni strani in podeželskimi in regionalnimi organi oblasti na drugi strani.
Both because urban areas provide a service to the wider region in terms of employment, public services, public spaces, social centres, sport and cultural facilities; and because in a similar way, rural areas provide services to wider society through the provision of rural amenities, recreational opportunities and environmental goods as reservoirs of natural resources and highly valued landscapes.
Mestna območja celotni regiji zagotavljajo delovna mesta, javne storitve, javne površine, socialne centre ter športno in kulturno infrastrukturo. Podeželska območja pa širši družbi nudijo prednosti podeželja, možnosti za oddih in naravno okolje.
Coordination is particularly important in peri-urban areas.
Usklajevanje je zlasti pomembno v primestnih območjih.
– Cities can make use of technical assistance from the Structural Funds. Cities need help in building and maintaining the relevant chain of skills to tackle all the aspects of urban development.
– Mesta lahko za pridobitev in razvoj sposobnosti za upravljanje vseh vidikov razvoja mest koristijo tehnično pomoč strukturnih skladov.
Increasingly, Member States and the European Union are offering skills and resource centres as well as the opportunities to network and exchange experiences.
Države članice in Unija vedno bolj pogosto nudijo spretnosti in znanja ter informacijske centre in možnosti vzpostavitve mrež za izmenjavo
– In conformity with the General Regulation on Structural Funds10, the Member States have the possibility of delegating to cities funds addressing urban issues within Structural Fund Operational Programmes.
9, ki presegajo običajne izkušenj. Zlasti so pomembne spretnosti in znanja na novih področjihstrokovne omejitve.
To get the full benefits of partnership, cities must be responsible throughout the process.
– V skladu s splošno uredbo o strukturnih skladih imajo države članice možnost, da mesta pooblastijo za upravljanje virov, ki so namenjeni nekaterim ukrepom v mestih v okviru operativnih programov.
This includes responsibility for the design and implementation of the subdelegated portion of the programme.
Da bi bilo partnerstvo uspešno, morajo biti mesta odgovorna za celoten postopek, kar pomeni, da so odgovorna zlasti za načrtovanje in izvajanje njim dodeljenega dela programa.
Cities should integrate this development in a long term perspective in order to maximise the many factors of success.
Cilj mest mora biti dolgoročen razvoj, da bi povečala učinek številnih dejavnikov uspeha.
URBAN has targeted social and economic cohesion removing barriers to employability and investment at the same time as promoting social and environmental goals.
URBAN so bili hkrati socialna in ekonomska kohezija, odstranitev ovir za zaposljivost in naložbe ter izboljšanje okolja.
The mobilisation of a broad range of partners with different skills has underpinned this approach.
Ta pristop je temeljil na sodelovanju številnih partnerjev z različnimi spretnostmi in znanji.
– Cities should have a long term, consistent plan for all the different factors promoting sustainable growth and jobs in urban areas.
– Mesta bi morala imeti jasen in dolgoročen načrt za vsakega od različnih dejavnikov trajnostne rasti in zaposlovanja.
Actions in one field must be consistent with those in another.
Ukrepi na različnih področjih morajo biti medsebojno usklajeni.
Notably, economic measures must be sustainable in social and environmental terms.
Pomembno je na primer, da so gospodarski ukrepi trajnostni tudi za razvoj sociale in okolja.
Monitoring and evaluation systems should be in place to verify results on the ground.
Vzpostaviti je treba sisteme za spremljanje in ocenjevanje, ki omogočajo preverjanje rezultatov na kraju samem.
– The key partners – the private sector, the community and NGOs, as well as local, regional and national government – should be mobilised in the planning, implementation and evaluation of urban development.
– Pomembno je, da ključni partnerji, tj. zasebni sektor, lokalno prebivalstvo in nevladne organizacije, lokalne, regionalne in nacionalne vlade, sodelujejo pri načrtovanju, izvajanju in ocenjevanju razvoja mest.
Citizen participation
Sodelovanje državljanov
Citizen participation is a democratic imperative - the engagement of local residents and civil society in urban policy can give legitimacy and effectiveness to government actions.
Sodelovanje državljanov je z demokratičnega vidika nujno – vpletenost lokalnega prebivalstva in civilne družbe v oblikovanje mestne politike zagotavlja legitimnost in učinkovitost ukrepom javnih organov oblasti.
Because of the different historical, legal, political and social contexts in different cities, good practices do not always translate directly from one city to another.
Zaradi različnega zgodovinskega, pravnega, političnega in socialnega ozadja mest, se ukrepi ne morejo neposredno uporabljati za vsa mesta enako.
Nevertheless, guidelines include:
Kljub temu se predlaga nekaj smernic.
– It is important to involve local citizens, in particular young people, community groups and other NGOs in promoting environmentally and socially sustainable growth and jobs in cities. These actors bring new competences as well as promoting project legitimacy in the eyes of the community.
) „Bristolski sporazum“ (neuradno ministrsko srečanje na temo„trajnostnih skupnosti“) 6. in 7. decembra 2005 je odobril pobudo britanskega predsedstva EU za premislek in simpozij o spretnostih in znanju, potrebnih za dobro izvedbo projektov za kakovostno življenje v četrtih in skupnostih („trajnostne skupnosti“).
) Regulation laying down general provisions on the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), the European Social Fund (ESF) and the Cohesion Fund, article 37(6) a) ) The Community Initiative URBAN II (2000-2006): Communication from the Commission to the Member States of 28 April 2000 laying down guidelines for a Community initiative concerning economic and social regeneration of cities and of neighbourhoods in crisis in order to promote sustainable urban development (URBAN II), C(2000) 1100 of 28.4.2000.
) Uredba o splošnih določbah o Evropskem skladu za regionalni razvoj (ESRR), Evropskem socialnem skladu (ESS) in Kohezijskem skladu, člen 37(6)(a).) Pobuda Skupnosti URBAN II (2000–2006): Sporočilo Komisije državam članicam, ki določa smernice za pobudo Skupnosti o obnovi mest in kriznih predmestij, da bi se spodbudil trajnostni razvoj mest, C(2000) 1100, 28.4.2000.
– A key common feature of successful citizen involvement is the availability of training and other forms of building the capacity and competence of local groups. e- government also has a role to play.
– Za uspešno sodelovanje državljanov je pomembna tudi ponudba usposabljanj in drugih načinov za krepitev zmogljivosti ter spretnosti in znanja lokalnih skupin.
– There is a need to reduce the gap between “citizen time” and “political time” – actors from the local community often have difficulty understanding the delays induced by political and bureaucratic processes.
– Treba je zmanjšati razliko med „časom državljanov“ in političnim koledarjem – lokalni akterji zelo pogosto ne razumejo zamud, ki nastanejo zaradi upravnih in birokratskih postopkov.