natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The Maritime Analysis and Operations Centre-Narcotics (MAOC-N) was created in 2007, within the framework of the European Union, by a treaty between Ireland, Spain, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and the United Kingdom.
Pomorski analitični in operacijski center za narkotike (Maritime Analysis and Operations Centre-Narcotics – MAOC-N) je bil ustanovljen leta 2007 v okviru Evropske unije s pogodbo med Irsko, Španijo, Francijo, Italijo, Nizozemsko, Portugalsko in Združenim kraljestvom.
MAOC-N is based in Lisbon and coordinates the interdiction of drug shipments transported across the Atlantic.
MAOC-N ima sedež v Lizboni in usklajuje prestrezanje pošiljk z drogami, ki se prevažajo čez Atlantik.
JIATF-S was associated with the MAOC-N project at the outset, and is now an observer alongside the European Commission, Europol, Germany, Greece, Canada, Morocco, UNODC and, recently, Cape Verde.
Skupina JIATF-S se je že na začetku povezala s projektom MAOC-N in je zdaj opazovalka, tako kot tudi Evropska komisija, Europol, Nemčija, Grčija, Kanada, Maroko, UNODC in Zelenortski otoki, ki so se pridružili pred kratkim.
The second interagency platform, the Centre de Coordination de la Lutte Anti-Drogue en Méditerranée (CeCLAD-M), was established in 2008.
Druga medagencijska platforma, Koordinacijsko središče za boj proti drogam v Sredozemlju (Centre de Coordination de la Lutte Anti-Drogue en Méditerranée – CeCLAD-M), je bila ustanovljena leta 2008.
CeCLAD-M is a unit of the French police, bringing together representatives of French law enforcement agencies and the navy, as well as representatives from Greece, Spain, Italy, Cyprus, Portugal, the United Kingdom, Morocco and Senegal.
CeCLAD-M je enota v sestavi francoske policije, ki združuje predstavnike francoskih organov pregona in mornarice ter predstavnike iz Grčije, Španije, Italije, s Cipra, iz Portugalske, Združenega kraljestva, Maroka in Senegala.
The Centre is based in Toulon and may propose the interception of suspect vessels and aircraft in the Mediterranean Sea.
Središče ima sedež v Toulonu ter lahko predlaga prestrezanje sumljivih plovil in zrakoplovov v Sredozemlju.
Similar platforms may be set up in the future in the eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea areas.
Podobne platforme bodo v prihodnosti mogoče ustanovljene tudi na območju vzhodnega Sredozemlja in Črnega morja.
The European Commission also recently sponsored a study to explore the feasibility of establishing a European intelligence-sharing and capacity-building platform in West Africa.
Evropska komisija je pred kratkim naročila študijo, namenjeno proučitvi izvedljivosti ustanovitve evropske platforme za izmenjavo obveščevalnih podatkov in krepitev zmogljivosti v Zahodni Afriki.
Cannabis continues to be the illicit drug most often mentioned in reported drug law offences in Europe¢(32).
V primerjavi s prejšnjimi leti ni bilo nobene večje spremembe razmerja med kršitvami zakona, povezanimi z uporabo drog, in kršitvami, povezanimi z njihovo ponudbo.
In the majority of European countries, offences involving cannabis accounted for between 50¢% and 75¢% of reported drug law offences in 2008.
V večini (23) evropskih držav kršitve zakona, povezane z uporabo ali posedovanjem drog, v letu 2008 še naprej pomenijo večino kršitev zakonov o drogah, pri čemer Estonija, Španija, Francija, Avstrija, Slovenija in Švedska poročajo o največjih deležih (81–92%).
Offences related to other drugs exceeded those related to cannabis in only three countries — the Czech Republic and Latvia with methamphetamine (57¢% and 33¢%) and Lithuania with heroin (26¢%).
Kršitve, povezane s ponudbo, prevladujejo v Češki republiki (87%)(30).
recording and reporting practices. For these reasons, it is difficult to make valid comparisons between countries, and it is more appropriate to compare trends rather than absolute numbers.
Med letoma 2003 in 2008 se je število kršitev zakonov o drogah, povezanih z uporabo, povečalo v 19 državah poročevalkah, o zmanjšanju v tem obdobju pa so poročalele Bolgarija, Nemčija, Grčija, Avstrija in Slovenija.
In the period 2003–08, the number of drug law offences involving cannabis increased in 15 reporting countries, resulting in an estimated increase of 29¢% in the European Union (Figure 2).
Na splošno se je med letoma 2003 in 2008 število kršitev zakonov o drogah, povezanih z uporabo, v Evropski uniji po ocenah povečalo za 37% (prikaz 2).
An EU index, based on data provided by 21 Member States that represent 85¢% of the population aged 15–64 in the European Union, shows that the number of reported drug law offences increased by an estimated 35¢% between 2003 and 2008.
Število kršitev, povezanih s ponudbo drog, se je v obdobju 2003–2008 povečevalo, vendar precej počasneje, pri čemer je povečanje v Evropski uniji približno 10-odstotno.
If all reporting countries are considered, the data reveal upward trends in 15 countries
Z ato obdobje 17 držav poroča o povečanju števila s ponudbo povezanih kršitev zakonov, osem držav pa o splošnem zmanjšanju(31).
Cocainerelated offences increased over the period 2003–08 in 17 reporting countries, while Bulgaria, Germany, Italy and Austria reported decreasing trends. In
) Za razpravo o razmerju med drogami in kriminalom ter opredelitev izraza „z drogami povezan kriminal“ glej EMCDDA (2007a).)
29) See Figure DLO-1 and Table DLO-1 in the 2010 statistical bulletin.30) See Table DLO-2 in the 2010 statistical bulletin.
Glej prikaz DLO-1 in preglednico DLO-1 v statističnem biltenu 2010.) Glej preglednico DLO-2 v statističnem biltenu 2010.)
Annual report 2010: the state of the drugs problem in Europe the European Union, overall, offences related to cocaine increased by about 45¢% over the same period, showing a levelling off in the last year¢(34
Letno poročilo 2010: stanje na področju problematike drog v Evropi
Among sentenced prisoners, those incarcerated for drug law offences make up somewhere between 10¢% and 30¢% of the prison population in most EU countries.
Med obsojenimi zaporniki je v večini držav EU od 10% do 30% vseh zapornikov zaprtih zaradi kršitev zakonov o drogah.
An unknown proportion of others are sentenced for property crimes to support a drug addiction, or other drugrelated crime.
Neznan delež drugih je obsojen zaradi premoženjskih kaznivih dejanj, storjenih za zadovoljitev odvisnosti od drog, ali drugih kaznivih dejanj, povezanih z drogami.
Drug use in prison populations
O zmanjševanju poročajo Bolgarija, Češka republika, Nemčija, Italija, Avstrija in Slovenija(33).
The change from a downward to an upward trend reported last year in heroin-related offences is now confirmed: the EU average for such offences increased by 39¢% in 2003–08.
Preobrat upadanja v porast, o katerem se je lani poročalo v zvezi s kršitvami, povezanimi s heroinom, je zdaj potrjen: v EU so se take kršitve zakonov v obdobju med letoma 2003 in 2008 v povprečju povečala za 39%.
The number of heroin-related offences has increased in 16 reporting countries, while a decline was reported in Bulgaria, Germany, Italy and Austria over the same period¢(35).
Število kršitev, povezanih s heroinom, se je povečalo v 16 državah poročevalkah, medtem ko so Bolgarija, Nemčija, Italija in Avstrija med letoma 2003 in 2008 poročale o upadanju(35).
The number of offences related to amphetamines reported in the European Union continues to show an upward trend, with an estimated increase of 24¢% between 2003 and 2008.
Število z amfetamini povezanih kršitev, o katerih se je poročalo v Evropski uniji, se še naprej povečuje, pri čemer se je po ocenah med letoma 2003 in 2008 povečalo za 24%.
Ecstasy-related offences, in contrast, have decreased by an estimated 35¢% over the same period (Figure 2).
V nasprotju s tem se je število kršitev, povezanih z ekstazijem, v istem obdobju po ocenah zmanjšalo za 35%(prikaz 2).
Health and social responses in prison
Zdravstveni in socialni odzivi v zaporih
On a given day, there are over 600¢000 people in penal institutions in the European Union¢(36
V Evropski uniji je vsak dan v kazenskih zavodih več kot
), giving an average
600000 ljudi(36), kar pomeni v povprečju 120 zapornikov na 100000 prebivalcev(37).
There is still a lack of standardisation of definitions, research questions and methodologies used in studies on drug use in the prison population (Directorate-General for Health and Consumers, 2008; Vandam, 2009), though existing studies show that drug use continues to be more prevalent among prisoners than among the general population.
Večina uporabnikov drog ob prihodu v zapor uporabo zmanjša ali opusti, predvsem zaradi oteženega dostopa do teh snovi. Strokovnjaki za zapore in oblikovalci politik v Evropi priznavajo, da so droge kljub ukrepom za zmanjševanje dostopnosti na voljo v večini zaporov.
Data from several studies carried out since 2003 show that there are considerable variations in the prevalence of drug use among prisoners: for example, regular drug use in the month before imprisonment was reported by as few as 3¢% of respondents in some countries and by up to 77¢% in others.
Po ocenah iz študij, opravljenih od leta 2003, v zaporih droge uporablja od 1% do 56% zapornikov.
Studies also indicate that the most harmful forms of drug use may be more frequent among prisoners, with between 6¢% and 38¢% of those surveyed reporting to have ever injected drugs¢(39).
V nacionalni študiji, opravljeni na Portugalskem leta 2007, o redni uporabi drog v zadnjem mesecu v priporu poroča 12% pripornikov(40).
rate of about 120 prisoners per 100¢000 population¢(National prison population rates range from 66 to 285¢prisoners per 100¢000 inhabitants, with most
V študiji, ki je vključevala 246 zapornikov v Luksemburgu, je bilo ugotovljeno, da si jih je v zaporu droge vbrizgavalo 31%, v študijah v treh drugih državah pa so poročali o vsaj 10-odstotni stopnji vbrizgavanja(41).
Member States from central and eastern Europe reporting higher than average rates.
Zdi se, da si injicirajoči uporabniki drog v zaporih pogosteje izmenjujejo opremo za vbrizgavanje od tistih, ki niso v zaporu.
Nevertheless, the national figures and the EU average remain considerably below the
To sproža vprašanja prebivalstva v zaporih znašajo od 66 do 285 zapornikov na
On admission to prison, most users reduce or stop consuming drugs, mainly due to problems in acquiring the substances.
Podatki o zaporih v Evropi so na voljo na spletni strani Sveta Evrope.) Izraz „zapornik“ zajema osebe v priporu in osebe, obsojene na zaporno kazen.)
However, the fact that illicit drugs find their way into most prisons, despite all the measures being rates reported from Russia (609) and the USA (753)¢(38
Vir: World prison brief (svetovni pregled podatkov o zaporih) za ravni v Združenih državah Amerike in Rusiji.) Glej preglednici DUP-2 in DUP-105 v statističnem biltenu 2010.)
Figure 2: Trends in reports for drugrelated offences by type of offence and by drug type in the EU Member States
Poglavje 2: Odzivi na problematiko drog v Evropi – pregled
Use-related
Povezano z uporabo
Supply-related
Povezano s ponudbo
The trends represent the available information on the national number of reports for drugrelated offences (criminal and non-criminal) reported by all law enforcement agencies in the EU Member States; all series are indexed to a base of 100 in 2003 and weighted by national population sizes to form an overall EU trend.
Opomba: Trendi temeljijo na razpoložljivih informacijah o nacionalnih številih poročil o kršitvah zakonov, povezanih z drogami (kaznivih dejanjih in prekrških), o katerih poročajo vsi organi kazenskega pregona v državah članicah EU; vsi nizi so indeksirani na osnovo 100 leta 2003 in tehtani z nacionalnim številom prebivalstva, da bi dobili splošni trend v EU.
For further information, see Figures DLO-1 and DLO-3 in the 2010 statistical bulletin.Reitox national focal points.
Za več informacij glej prikaza DLO-1 in DLO-3 v statističnem biltenu 2010.Vir: Nacionalne kontaktne točke Reitox.
34) See Figure DLO-3 and Table DLO-8 in the 2010 statistical bulletin.35) See Table DLO-7 in the 2010 statistical bulletin.36) Data on prisons in Europe are available from the Council of Europe.
o morebitnem širjenju nalezljivih bolezni med zaporniško populacijo.
37) The term ‘prisoner’ covers both those who are on remand and those who have been sentenced.38) Source: World prison brief for rate in the United States of America and Russia.39) See Tables DUP-2 and DUP-105 in the 2010 statistical bulletin.
To splošno načelo enakosti je v Evropski uniji sprejeto v Priporočilu Sveta z dne 18.junija2003 o preprečevanju in zmanjševanju zdravstvenega tveganja, povezanega z odvisnostjo od drog(42), v novem akcijskem načrtu EU za boj proti drogam
Chapter 2: Responding to drug problems in Europe — an overview taken to reduce their supply, is recognised by both prison experts and policymakers in Europe.
v Belgiji imenovani koordinatorji za politiko drog v zaporih, ustanovljena pa je bila tudi centralna enota, v kateri zaporniško osebje in strokovnjaki na področju drog sodelujejo, da bi zapornike po izpustitvi vključili v zdravljenje.
In studies carried out since 2003, estimates of drug use in prison vary from 1¢% to 56¢% of inmates.
Leta 2008 so v okviru madžarske uprave za zapore ustanovili odbor za droge.
The drug policy action plan 2007–09 of the Czech prison service guides the implementation of new services and includes a monitoring and evaluation component.
V Češki republiki se nove storitve v zaporih izvajajo v skladu z akcijskim načrtom za politiko na področju drog za obdobje 2007–2009, ki vključuje spremljanje in ocenjevanje.
In the United Kingdom, the drug strategy 2008–11 of the National Offender Management Service (NOMS, 2009) seeks to provide early interventions for young people and to manage offenders with drug misuse problems in order to reduce the harm caused by drugs and alcohol.
Nacionalna služba za obravnavanje kršiteljev zakonov (National Offender Management Service, NOMS, 2009) v Združenem kraljestvu je v strategiji za boj proti drogam za obdobje 2008–2011 določila cilj, zagotoviti zgodnje ukrepanje za mlade in se posvetiti kršiteljem, ki imajo težave z zlorabo drog, da bi se zmanjšala škoda zaradi drog in alkohola.
Prisoners in Europe may access a range of services related to drug use and its associated problems.
Zaporniki v Evropi imajo dostop do vrste storitev v zvezi z uporabo drog in s tem povezanimi težavami.
These include information on drugs and health, healthcare for infectious diseases, treatment for drug dependence, harm-reduction measures and preparation for release¢(43).
Te storitve vključujejo informacije o drogah in zdravju, zdravstveno oskrbo zaradi nalezljivih bolezni, zdravljenje odvisnosti od drog, ukrepe za zmanjševanje škode in priprave na izpustitev(43).
Cooperation between prisons and health and social services is developing in Europe.
V Evropi se razvija sodelovanje med zapori ter službami zdravstvenega in socialnega varstva.
Examples of this are the transfer of responsibility for prison health from national justice to health administrations in France, Italy, Sweden, Norway and England and Wales (it is also planned in Scotland); the integration of community-based health agencies into multidisciplinary prison teams in Luxembourg, Portugal, Slovenia and Sweden; and the growing provision of intramural services by community-based drugs agencies, which now exists in most countries.
Primeri takega sodelovanja so prenos odgovornosti za zdravje zapornikov z državnega pravosodja na zdravstveno upravo v Franciji, Italiji, na Švedskem, Norveškem, v Angliji in Walesu (načrtuje se tudi na Škotskem), vključevanje lokalnih zdravstvenih agencij v multidisciplinarne skupine za zapore v Luksemburgu, na Portugalskem, v Sloveniji in na Švedskem ter vse večje zagotavljanje storitev lokalnih agencij za droge v zaporih v večini držav.
National drug strategies and action plans often include objectives for care in prisons, such as improvements in the equivalence, quality and continuity of prison treatment and care.
Nacionalne strategije in akcijski načrti za boj proti drogam pogosto vključujejo cilje za oskrbo v zaporih, na primer izboljševanje enakovrednosti, kakovosti in neprekinjenosti zdravljenja in oskrbe v zaporih.
Some countries have elaborated specific strategies for the prison system.
Nekatere države so za zaporniški sistem pripravile posebne strategije.
Spain and Luxembourg have implemented prison health policies for more than 10¢years and documented their effectiveness.
Španija in Luksemburg že več kot deset let izvajata zdravstvene politike v zaporih in beležita njihovo učinkovitost.
Several countries now report that they are assessing the availability and quality of healthcare for drug users in prisons.
Mednarodne organizacije so v zadnjih letih pripravile informacije in smernice v zvezi z obvladovanjem nalezljivih bolezni v zaporih.
The Netherlands introduced a new directive for the care of drug users in detention, which gives special attention to drugrelated infectious diseases¢(44). The quality of prison services is also improving in several countries through investment in training.
UNODC je v sodelovanju s SZO in UNAIDS pripravil vrsto informativnega gradiva za uprave zaporov in druge nosilce odločanja, v katerem je pojasnjeno, kako pripraviti učinkovit nacionalni odziv na okužbe z virusom HIV/aidsom v zaporih (UNODC, SZO in UNAIDS, 2006).
In Belgium, all prison staff
Drugi dokument vključuje
Annual report 2010: the state of the drugs problem in Europe received training on prison alcohol and drug policies; prison doctors in Croatia received training in substitution treatment; and a UNODC-led project provided training in HIV prevention and drug education to Latvian prison doctors, social workers and psychologists, who later trained the prisoners.
Letno poročilo 2010: stanje na področju problematike drog v Evropi smernice, kako v zaporih učinkoviteje sporočati informacije o svetovanju o nalezljivih boleznih in testiranju ter kako izboljšati sporočanje rezultatov zapornikom (UNODC, UNAIDS in SZO, 2010).
In Finland, new prison treatment programmes require accreditation by the Criminal Sanctions Agency.
V nekaterih državah so jasno opredelili področja in standarde zdravstvene oskrbe v zaporih, med drugim v Češki republiki, Španiji, Luksemburgu in Združenem kraljestvu.
Following the scaling up of opioid substitution treatment in the community, many countries report increases in the number of opioid substitution clients entering prison.
Po pogostejšem nadomestnem zdravljenju z opioidi v skupnosti veliko držav poroča o povečanem številu uporabnikov storitev nadomestnega zdravljenja z opioidi, ki pridejo v zapore.
Continuity of care for substitution treatment is particularly important, given the high rates of overdose death on release (EMCDDA, 2009a) and for reducing the risks of crimes carried out to fund illicit drug use.
Neprekinjena oskrba pri nadomestnem zdravljenju je še posebno pomembna glede na visoke stopnje smrtnosti zaradi prevelikega odmerka ob izpustitvi (EMCDDA, 2009a), pa tudi za zmanjševanje tveganja kaznivih dejanj zaradi financiranja uporabe prepovedanih drog.
In 2008, the continuation of opioid substitution treatment in prisons became possible in Bulgaria, Estonia and Romania.
Leta 2008 je bilo omogočeno nadaljevanje nadomestnega zdravljenja z opioidi v bolgarskih, estonskih in romunskih zaporih.
However, this treatment option is not available in prisons in Greece, Cyprus, Lithuania, Latvia, Slovakia and Turkey.
Vendar tako zdravljenje ni na voljo v grških, ciprskih, litovskih, latvijskih, slovaških in turških zaporih.
In six Member States, it can be estimated that more than 10¢% of all prisoners receive opioid substitution treatment, while in another eight countries the corresponding figure is between 3¢% and 10¢% (Figure 3).
V šestih državah članicah ocenjujejo, da je bilo več kot 10% vseh zapornikov deležnih nadomestnega zdravljenja z opioidi, v osmih državah pa je ta delež od 3- do 10-odstoten (prikaz 3).
In most countries, detoxification is still the ‘default’ treatment for opioid users entering penal institutions.
V večini držav je razstrupljanje še vedno „osnovno“ zdravljenje uporabnikov opioidov ob prihodu v kazenske zavode.
Figure 3: Proportion of prison population receiving opioid substitution treatment
Prikaz 3: Delež zaporniške populacije na nadomestnem zdravljenju z opioidi
U la g n
N lij a n n g e e rak še Č n ž ž u u r r
Data are presented for all countries where substitution treatment is available in prisons, except Malta.
Opomba: Predstavljeni so podatki za vse države, v katerih je v zaporih na voljo nadomestno zdravljenje, razen za Malto.
Data are for 2008, except for Austria and Scotland (2007) and Belgium and the Netherlands (2009).
Podatki so za leto 2008, razen za Avstrijo in Škotsko (2007) ter Belgijo in Nizozemsko (2009).
For notes and sources, see Table HSR-9 in the 2010 statistical bulletin.Reitox national focal points.
Za opombe in vire glej preglednico HSR-9 v statističnem biltenu 2010.Vir: Nacionalne kontaktne točke Reitox.
It is estimated that cannabis is cultivated in 172¢countries and territories (UNODC, 2009).
Uvod v 172 državah in ozemljih (UNODC, 2009).
These facts taken together mean that it is difficult to produce accurate estimates of the worldwide production of cannabis.
Ta dejstva skupaj pomenijo, da je zelo težko natančno oceniti njeno svetovno proizvodnjo. UNDOC (2009) ocenjuje, da je svetovna proizvodnja marihuane leta2008 znašala od 13300 do 66100 ton.
Cannabis cultivation in Europe is widespread and appears to be increasing.
Gojenje konoplje v Evropi je zelo razširjeno, in videti je, da narašča.
In 2008, all 29 European countries reporting information mentioned domestic cannabis cultivation, though the scale and nature of the phenomenon seem to vary considerably.
Leta2008 je o domači proizvodnji konoplje poročalo vseh 29 evropskih držav poročevalk, čeprav se zdi, da se obseg in značilnosti tega pojava zelo razlikujejo.
A significant proportion of cannabis used in Europe is, nevertheless, likely to be the result of intraregional trafficking.
Velik del konoplje, ki se uporablja v Evropi, verjetno vseeno izvira iz trgovine med regijami.
Cannabis is the illicit drug most widely available in Europe, where it is both imported and produced domestically.
Konoplja je najširše dostopna prepovedana droga v Evropi, kamor se uvaža in kjer se tudi proizvaja.
In most countries, cannabis use increased during the 1990s and early 2000s, although substantial differences between countries still remain.
Uživanje konoplje se je v večini držav v devetdesetih letih prejšnjega in na začetku tega stoletja povečalo, čeprav so med državami še vedno precejšnje razlike.
The last few years have also seen a¢growing understanding of the public health implications of the longterm and widespread use of this drug, and rising reported levels of treatment demand for cannabis-related problems.
V zadnjih nekaj letih se je izboljšalo tudi razumevanje posledic dolgotrajne in razširjene uporabe te droge za javno zdravje, višje pa so tudi sporočene ravni povpraševanja po zdravljenju zaradi težav, povezanih z njo.
Europe may now be moving into a new phase, as data from general population and school surveys point to a stabilising or even decreasing trend in cannabis use.
Evropa morda prehaja v novo fazo, saj podatki iz raziskav med splošnim prebivalstvom in šolsko mladino kažejo na ustalitev ali celo upadanje uživanja konoplje.
Levels of use remain high by historical standards, however, and what constitutes an effective response to cannabis use remains a key question in the European debate on drugs.
Vendar so v primerjavi s preteklimi standardi ravni uporabe še vedno visoke. Ključno vprašanje v evropski razpravi o drogah ostaja, kaj je učinkovit odziv na uživanje konoplje.
Cannabis can be cultivated in a wide range of environments and grows wild in many parts of the world.
Konopljo je mogoče gojiti v zelo različnih okoljih, v naravi pa raste v številnih delih sveta. Ocenjuje se, da jo gojijo