natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
This type of scaffolding is used on bridges and ships, e.g.for construction or maintenance of external parts.
Vendar pa je treba upoštevati naslednje:pri uporabi lestve je delovni prostor precej omejen;pogosto se v praksi za premikanje in postavljanjelestev porabi več časa, kot je bilo prvotno načrtova-no;delovni položaj na lestvi je pogosto neudoben (intudi neergonomičen, in sicer stegovanje vstran, delonad višino ramen in dolgotrajno stanje na ozkih prečkah), kar lahko povzroči mišično-skeletne okvare.
Ladders may be used as workstations for work at aheight only where the use of other, safer work equipment is not justified because of the low level of risk,and either the short duration of use or existing featureson site that the employer cannot alter.
Zaradi vseh teh razlogov pri načrtovanju dela in ocenitveganja preverite, ali bi ne bilo varneje in učinkovitejeuporabiti drugo vrsto delovne opreme, na primer stolpnioder, pritrjen oder ali dvigalo.
The ladder is a piece of equipment much used for workat a height.
ALI UPORABITI LESTEV ALI DRUGO VRSTO OPREME?
1.Hand grip2.Extension3.Platform4.Anti-splay device5.Step6.Rung7.Step8.Stile
Lestve se uporabljajo:kot sredstvo dostopa za premostitev višinskih razlik;kot delovna mesta za kratka opravila.
However:when using a ladder, the working width is ratherlimit ed;the time involved moving and setting up ladders isoften underestimated when planning work;the working position on a ladder is often uncomfortable (ergonomic issues include the need to stretchsideways, work above shoulder height and stand onnarrow rungs for a long time), which can cause musculoskeletal disorders.
Če želite ugotoviti, ali je mogoče uporabiti lestev, se jetreba vprašati naslednje:Ali obstaja varnejša delovna metoda ali oprema?Ali so lestve v dobrem stanju?Ali bodo lestve stale na trdni podlagi in ne na lomljivem ali nestabilnem materialu?Ali bodo lestve pritrjene, da se prepreči zdrs vstranali navzven?Ali bo mogoče lestve raztegniti na zadostno višinonad podestom?
For all these reasons, when planning work and undertaking risk assessment, check whether it is not safer andmore efficient to use another type of work equipment, forexample tower scaffold, fixed scaffold or lift.
Po opravljeni oceni tveganja mora biti uporaba lestevomejena na situacije, kjer uporaba varnejših sistemov niupravičena iz naslednjih razlogov:neznatnega tveganja;kratkega obdobja uporabe;tehničnih pogojev na gradbišču, katerih delodajalecne more spremeniti.
OPTING FOR A LADDER
IZBIRA VRSTE LESTVE
Ladders are used:as a means of access to bridge height differences;as workplaces for short jobs.
Najpogosteje se uporabljajo stopničaste in raztegljivelestve.
To establish whether it is possible to use a ladder, the following questions should be asked:Is there a safer working method or equipment?Are the ladders in sound condition?Will they rest against a solid surface and not on fra -gile or unstable materials?Will they be secured to prevent them slipping sideways or outwards?
Vrsto lestve je treba izbrati po oceni tveganja, ob upoštevanju dejavnikov, kot so:višina in okoliščine, v katerih se bo delo opravljalo;delovna obremenitev;ergonomske omejitve med uporabo;
Will they extend for a sufficient height above theirlanding place?
Za več informacij o tveganjih električnega izvora glejte razdelek 3.5 „Priporočila za delo na višini na električnihnapeljavah ali v njihovi bližini“.
If not, are there other hand-holdsavailable?Will they be positioned so that workers will not haveto overreach?
Proučiti je treba tudi prednosti in pomanjkljivosti različnihvrst lestev.
If you have to place a ladder in a passageway, on thepublic highway, etc., take appropriate measures such asfencing, markings, signs or locking any doorway.
KAKO NAJ EN SAM DELAVEC DVIGNE LESTEV?
In some cases, a second person should stand guardand/or hold the foot of the ladder so that work can becarried out in complete safety.
Lestev položite po dolžini na podlago in se prepričajte, ali so njene noge primerno pritrjene, da lestevmed dvigom ne zdrsne.
ADAPTING TO THE GROUND
Dvignite zgornji del lestve.
The types of ladders most frequently used are stepladdersand extension ladders.
Še naprej dvigujte lestev nad glavo.
The ladder must never rest on a single stile.
Pred postavitvijo lestve se prepričajte, ali je lokacija trdnain stabilna.
It is strongly recommended that a single ladder or a manually or mechanically operated extension ladder shouldnot be used on slippery surfaces.
Zagotovite, da je okoli lestve dovolj prostora, da delavcilahko povsem varno plezajo na lestev in sestopajo zlestve, brez tveganja, da se spotaknejo.
The advantages and disadvantages of the various typesof ladder should also be considered.
Če morate lestev postaviti na prehod, javno cesto itd.,sprejmite ustrezne ukrepe, kot so postavitev ograd, namestitev oznak, znakov ali pa zaklenite vsa vrat za dostop.
It is better to choose a stepladder to avoid the risk of slipping.
V nekaterih primerih mora druga oseba varovati in/alidržati spodnji del lestve, da je delo mogoče opravitipovsem varno.
HOW SHOULD A SINGLE WORKER LIFT A LADDER?
Lestev naj bonagnjena v razmerju 1 : 3 do 1 : 4.
CHOOSING THE LADDER LOCATION
To ustreza kotu približno 75° (najprimernejši kot naklonaje med 70° in 75°).
Place the ladder flat on the ground and make surethat its feet are properly secured so as not to slideaway during lifting.
Tla ali podlaga, na kateri je postavljena lestev, mora bititrdna, stabilna, ravna in nedrseča.
Before setting up a ladder, make sure that the location isfirm and stable.
Če je lestev postavljena na peščenih tleh, drobnem peskuitd., uporabite podložno ploščo, ki je ustrezno trdna, davzdrži breme nog lestve.
Continue to raise the ladder above your head.
ZAŠČITA SPODNJEGA DELA LESTVE PROTI ZDRSU
Move forward slowly below the ladder, pushing onerung after another upward to raise it vertically.
Če želite doseči večjo stabilnost pri delu na drogovih jebolj priporočljivo, da uporabljate štrleče podpornike.
or k at a height)
4.3.4 UPORABA
CORRECT SLOPE OF A LADDER
DELO NA LESTVI
If the upper part of the ladder cannot be tied into placeconsider:rubber padshooksrubber facade rollers.
Delodajalec mora zagotoviti, da delavci med delom nalestvi:
The slope of a ladder should be between 1 in 3 and 1 in4.
Spodnji del lestve mora biti zaščiten, da se prepreči tveganje za zdrs.
This corresponds to an angle of approximately 75° (themost appropriate angle of inclination is between 70° and75°).
Gre za zaščito v obliki:premičnega podnožja z gumijastimi kapicami za prisesanje ali pokrovčki;zunanjih gumijastih nogic za stranici lestve;notranjih gumijastih nogic za stranici lestve;nogice z jekleno konico;stabilizatorja (ki poveča podnožje);katerega koli drugega elementa, ki lahko zagotovizadovoljivo stabilnost lestve in prepreči, da bi lestevmed uporabo zdrsnila.
PROTECTING THE TOP OF THE LADDER AGAINST SLIPPING WHEN WORKING ON POLES
Neobvezna navodila dobrega ravnanja za izvajanje Direktive 201/ 4 5/ ES (delo na višini)
PROTECTING THE BOTTOM OF THE LADDER AGAINST SLIPPING
Če zgornjega dela lestve ne morete pritrditi na mesto,uporabite:gumijaste blazinice,kavlje,ali gumijasta fasadna kolesca.
The employer should ensure that workers, when workingon a ladder:wear suitable boots, cleaned of mud, etc.;hold small tools in a belt or in a bag worn over theshoulder;carry heavy tools and materials in a bag, taking carenot to overload the ladder and observing the manufacturer’s instructions;pay attention to what is going on below them;never climb a ladder two rungs at a time;comply with the maximum authorised working load;never use a ladder as scaffolding or as a gangway.
Delodajalec mora usposobiti in poučiti delavce ter zagotoviti, da:so z obrazom vedno obrnjeni proti lestvi;se vedno z obema rokama opirajo na dve opornitočki;se z rokama držijo prečk in ne stranic lestve;imajo vedno tri oporne točke (1 roka + 2 nogi ali 2roki + 1 noga);pazijo na spolzke podporne površine (tla, zidovi itd.)in prečke lestve (voda, olje, led);se nikoli ne spustijo po stranicah lestve.
Protection should be provided for the lower part of theladder to prevent the risk of slipping. This protection maytake the form of:a movable base with rubber suction cups or covers;external rubber feet for the stiles;internal rubber feet for the stiles;a foot with steel tip;a stabiliser (enlarging the base);any another element capable of ensuring satisfactorystability of the ladder and preventing it from slippingduring use.
Da bi kar najbolj zmanjšali tveganje za padec z višinemorajo delavci:imeti eno roko prosto za zaščito in delati z drugo;ne smejo nikoli seči dlje, kot je dolžina roke, ko iztegujejo roko vstran (če je potrebno, naj lestev prestavijo);
When using a stepladder:
Delodajalec mora delavcem zagotoviti jasna navodila zauporabo te vrste lestve.
CLIMBING UP OR DOWN A LADDER y working at heights
Pred vsako uporabo preverite, ali je lestev v dobrem stanju.
CAUTION: do not move from a stepladder to another workstation or walkway;stepladders must not be used as single ladders.
UPORABA STOPNIČASTE LESTVE
The employer should train and inform workers and ensurethat they:always face the ladder;use both hands;hold onto the rungs and not the stiles;always have three contact points (1 hand + 2 feet or2 hands + 1 foot);watch out for slippery support surfaces (floors, walls,etc.) and ladder rungs (water, oil, ice);never slide down the stiles of a ladder.
Lestev varno namestite in jo pritrdite tako, da ne morezdrsniti ali se zibati.
The employer must provide workers with clear instructionsfor the use of this type of ladder.
S takšne vrste lestve ne prestopajte na druge delovnepostaje ali pešpoti.
Before each use, check that the ladder is in sound condition. Do not use damaged ladders.
Na krajih, kjer poteka promet, namestite ustrezne oznake in delovno območje zavarujte s pregradami.
Do not extend the ladder above the height stipulated bythe manufacturer or national legislation.
Ne prestopajte s stopničaste lestve na drugodelovno postajo ali pešpot Stopničaste lestve ne smete uporabljati kot enojnolestev
USING FIXED LADDERS WITH SAFETY HOOPS
UPORABA TELESKOPSKIH LESTEV
When it is extended, do not climb on the top four rungs.
Teleskopsko lestev postavljajte, razstavljajte in uporabljajte v skladu navodili proizvajalca.
Do not move from this type of ladder to other workstationsor walkways.
Poleg tega je treba zavarovati prehode v primeru, kadarse morajo delavci z lestve z zaščitnimi obroči vzpeti nadrugo konstrukcijo, kot na primer na drsno konstrukcijoali drogove.
In places where there is traffic, install appropriate signsand secure the work area with barriers.
Upoštevajte varnostne razdalje do prostozračnih električnih vodov in sprejmite ustrezne ukrepe, da preprečitemorebitno tveganje za nezgode s smrtnim izidom zaradielektričnega toka.
USING TELESCOPIC LADDERS
Zaščitite delavce pred padci.
Non-binding guide to good practice for implementing Directive 2001/45/EC (W
Na ustrezen način nakažite delovno mesto in prisotnostdelavcev.
Erect, dismantle and use a telescopic ladder in accord -ance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
Ko za premikanje uporabljate pritrjeno lestev, so potrebni zaščitni ukrepi, ki zagotavljajo, da se delavci lahkovarno vzpenjajo po lestvi in z nje sestopajo.
Lighten the loads on thewheels and axles by means of supporting bars or the tele -scopic arm.
Neobvezna navodila dobrega ravnanja za izvajanje Direktive 201/ 4 5/ ES (delo na višini)
Comply with safety distances from overhead power lines,and take appropriate measures to prevent risks of electrocution.
Strešne lestve, ki se uporabljajo za čiščenje dimnikov,morajo biti trdno pritrjene na streho.
Place and move a telescopic ladder in accordance withthe manufacturer’s instructions.
UPORABA PRITRJENIH LESTEV Z ZAŠČITNIMI OBROČI
USING A FIXED LADDER ON INCLINED ROOFS
4.3.5 PREVERJANJE IN VZDRŽEVANJE
Climb a telescopic ladder only when it is placed in complete safety and the locking system is in position.
Preverjanje, vzdrževanje in popravilo lestev
When a fixed ladder is used as a walkway, protectivemeasures are necessary so as to ensure that workers canclimb up and down safely.
Da bi zagotovili varnost in izpolnjevali bistvene varnostnezahteve proizvajalca, je treba lestve preveriti pred vsakouporabo.
Protect workers against falls.
Vsa popravila mora opraviti strokovnjak ali še boljeproizvajalec.
Roof ladders used by chimney sweeps should be firmlysecured to the roof.
Lestve naj pregleduje pristojna oseba, ki naj zlasti preveri:pritrditev prečk na stranice lestve (toga, trdna pričvr-stitev);dobro stanje in pritrditev opreme;dobro stanje spojev;
They are often used in storage premises and warehouses.
samostoječe premične ploščadi ne sme uporabljativeč kot ena oseba naenkrat;uporabljajte samo ploščadi, ki ustrezajo delovnimpogojem.
During work the wheels must be locked in order to prevent accidental movement.
Kjer koli je mogoče, uporabljajte takšno opremo raje kotlestve: za delo na nizkih višinah,če je podlaga vodoravna ali ravna,za delo v zgradbah ali pisarnah (za katere je šeposebej primerna).
In order to ensure safety and comply with the manufacturer’s essential safety requirements, ladders must bechecked before every use.
Poleg tega:morajo biti kovinski deli zaščiteni proti koroziji;je treba kovinske lestve, ki niso izdelane iz aluminijaali nerjavečega jekla, obdelati z nerjavečo barvo alidrugim proizvodom.
In addition:the condition of the platform and the ground must bechecked before use, to prevent unforeseen slippingor movements;damaged individual mobile platforms should neverbe used;an individual mobile platform should not be used bymore than one person at once;only platforms suited to the working conditionsshould be used.
Če so tla rahla, mehka ali nagnjena, je treba zagotovitistabilnost ploščadi tako, da pod noge namestite plošče.
CHOOSING AND USING AN INDIVIDUAL MOBILE PLATFORM
Vseeno pa morajo biti zaščitene pred lesnimi črvi, gnitjem, plesnijo itd.
Such equipment must be used rather than ladders wherever possible:for work at low heights;if the ground is horizontal or flat;for work inside buildings or offices (for which it isparticularly suitable).
Pred začetkom dela je pomembno zagotoviti, da so vsistabilizatorji ustrezno nameščeni.
If the ground is loose, soft or sloping, the stability of theplatform must be ensured by placing plates under thefeet.
Delavci se morajo med delom izogibati prevelikemu nagibanju in pred premikom ploščadi z nje sestopiti.
metal parts should be protected against corrosion;metal ladders not made of aluminium or stainlesssteel should be treated with a rustproof paint or otherproduct.
Vse površine lesenih delov je zato potrebno obdelati zzaščitim premazom, ki ni niti neprepusten niti nepremočljiv (npr. laneno olje).
It is important to ensure that the stabilisers are all properly positioned before starting work.
LAHKE SAMOSTOJEČE PREMIČNE PLOŠČADI
Workers should avoid leaning over too far during workand should leave the platform before moving it.
Če se pri oceni tveganja ugotovi, da gre za pogosto delona nizki višini na različnih mestih in torej obstaja tveganje za padec, morate uporabiti ploščadi z varovalnoograjo, podstavki in ograjo za roke.
All surfaces of wooden parts should therefore be treatedwith a protective coating that is neither opaque norimpermeable (e.g. linseed oil).
Lahke samostoječe premične ploščadiso bolj ergonomske in varnejše kot enojne ali stopničaste lestve.
LIGHTWEIGHT INDIVIDUAL MOBILE PLATFORMS
Pogosto se uporabljajo v prostorih, namenjenim shranjevanju, in v skladiščih.
(PODIUM STEPS)
DELO NA NIZKIH VIŠINAH
If the risk assessment identifies frequent working at a lowheight in different places, thus with a risk of falling, platforms provided with guard rails, baseboards andhandrails must be used.
Če se pri oceni tveganja ugotovi, da je za delo na nižjihvišinah priporočljiva uporaba podprtih delovnih ploščadi: uporabljajte samo jeklene ali lesene podporne ele-mente;vedno namestite podporne elemente na močni, trdnipovršini;
Lightweight individual mobile platforms are moreergonomic and safer than single ladders or stepladders.
Poleg tega:je treba pred uporabo preveriti stanje ploščadi inpodlage, da se preprečijo nepredvidljivi zdrsi ali pre-miki;nikoli ne uporabljajte poškodovane samostoječe premične ploščadi;
‘In exceptional circumstances where, in view of theassessment of risks, the use of a second rope wouldmake the work more dangerous, the use of a singlerope may be permitted, provided that appropriatemeasures have been taken to ensure safety in accordance with national legislation and/or practice’.(Lastparagraph of the Annex, section 4.4 to Directive2001/45/EC).
Navedene informacijepredstavljajo priporočila in napotke glede uporabe metod za dostop po vrvi za delo navišini.
If the risk assessment concludes that, for work at lowheights, it is advisable to use cantilevered work platforms:use only steel or wooden supporting elements;always install supporting elements on a strong solidsurface;assemble the work platform in such a way that theprotection device is located on parts freely accessibleto the workers and operates properly;comply with the manufacturer’s instructions regardingloads and strength;determine the spacing between work platform supporting elements, and the strength and width of theflooring, according to the projected stresses;assemble flooring in such a way as to prevent risks ofswaying and slipping;provide dense flooring in areas where there is a riskof shock;ensure flooring balance through at least three supportareas;provide easy access if equipment is to be stored;provide access to the work platform via a stairway(rather than a single ladder);install edge protection devices with stair rails, intermediate standards and baseboards.
montirajte delovno ploščad na takšen način, da sevarnostna naprava nahaja na delih, ki so prostodostopni delavcem, in primerno deluje;glede obremenitve in nosilnosti ravnajte v skladu znavodili proizvajalca;v skladu s predvidenimi obremenitvami določite razmik med podpornimi elementi delovne ploščadi tertrdnost in širino tal;sestavite tla na takšen način, da preprečite tveganjeza nihanje in zdrs;na območjih, kjer obstaja tveganje za močan udarec, zagotovite čvrsta tla;zagotovite ravnotežje tal prek najmanj treh podpornih območij;če je potrebno opremo shraniti, zagotovite enostavendostop;zagotovite dostop do delovne ploščadi prek stopnišča (raje kot prek enojne lestve);namestite naprave za varovanje na robovih s stopniščno ograjo, vmesnimi stebri in podstavki.
SCOPE OF APPLICATION
DOSTOP PO VRVI IN TEHNIKE
ROPE ACCESS AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES
Veljajo tudi za uporabo vrvi za dostop do delovnegamesta na višini, kot so zgradbe, druge konstrukcije alinaravne posebnosti.
The information given here constitutes recommendationsand guidance on the use of rope access methods forwork at a height.
Neobvezna navodila dobrega ravnanja za izvajanje Direktive 201/ 4 5/ ES (delo na višini)
4.6.1 RISK ASSESSMENT AND CHOICE
4.6.1 OCENA TVEGANJA IN IZBIRA
It is applicable to the use of ropes for access to workplaces at a height, such as buildings, other structures ornatural features.
Veljajo za situacije, kjer se vrvi uporabljajo kot osnovnosredstvo dostopa, izhoda ali podpore in kot osnovnosredstvo zaščite pred padcem.
SPECIFIC PROVISIONS REGARDING THE USE OF ROPE ACCESS AND POSI-TIONING TECHNIQUES (DIRECTIVE 2001/45/EC)
POSEBNE DOLOČBE ZA UPORABO POSTOPKOV ZA DOSTOP PO VRVI IN TEHNIKE NAMEŠČANJA (DIREKTIVA 2001/45/ES)
It applies to situations where ropes are used as the primary means of access, exit or support and as the primarymeans of protection against a fall.
Dostop po vrvi in tehnike nameščanja se lahko uporabijo le v okoliščinah, ko ocena tveganja kaže, da se delolahko opravi varno, in kjer uporaba druge varnejše opreme ni upravičena.
‘Rope access and positioning techniques may be usedonly under circumstances where the risk assessment indicates that the work can be performed safely and wherethe use of other, safer work equipment is not justified.
Ob upoštevanju ocene tveganja in zlasti glede na trajanje dela ter ergonomske omejitve je treba zagotovitisedež z ustreznimi dodatki.“(razdelek 4.1.3 Priloge k Direktivi 2001/45/ES)
Taking the risk assessment into account and depending inparticular on the duration of the job and the ergonomicconstraints, provision must be made for a seat withappropriate accessories’.
Pri uporabi dostopa po vrvi in tehnik nameščanja jetreba upoštevati naslednje pogoje: a)sistem mora imeti vsaj dve ločeno sidrani vrvi, enasluži za dostop, spust in oporo (delovna vrv), drugaje podporna (varnostna vrv); b)delavci morajo imeti in uporabljati primeren varnostnipas in biti povezani z varnostno vrvjo;
(Section 4.1.3 of the Annex to Directive 2001/45/EC).
SHEMA c)delovna vrv mora imeti opremo za varno vzpenjanje inspuščanje in samozaporni sistem, ki prepreči, da biuporabnik, ki pade, izgubil nadzor nad svojim gibanjem.
‘The use of rope access and positioning techniques mustcomply with the following conditions:(a)the system must comprise at least two separatelyanchored ropes, one as a means of access, descentand support (work rope) and the other as backup(security rope);(b)workers must be provided with and use an appropriate harness and be connected by it to the securityrope;(c)the work rope must be equipped with safe means ofascent and descent and have a self-locking system to
1.Pripomoček za spuščanje po vrvi z varovalnimmehanizmom na samozatezni princip2.Ročni prižem za vzpenjanje po vrvi3.Varovalna naprava 4.Vponka z matico5.Blažilnik padca6.Sidrna vrv z zaključno zanko / sidrna zanka7.Samovarovalni komplet (Y-trak z zavornim mehaniz-mom)8.Delovna vrv/varnostna vrv9.Varnostni pas.
Statutory requirements apply, and employers are advisedto take account of the capabilities of workers from thepoint of view of health and safety.
Delodajalec mora glede na posebne značilnosti te delovne opreme zagotoviti primerno obveščenost in usposobljenost delavcev.
OPTING TO USE ROPES
4.6.2 UPORABA VRVI
4.6.2 USING ROPES
DELOVNI POSTOPKI
Before opting for rope access, a risk assessment shouldbe performed to clearly establish the requirements relating to all aspects of the work.
Preden se odločite za dostop po vrvi, je treba izvestioceno tveganja za jasno opredelitev zahtev glede vsehvidikov dela.
WORKING PROCEDURES
4.Opremazazačasnodelonavišini
‘Rope access and positioning techniques may be usedonly under circumstances where the risk assessment indicates that the work in question can be performed safelyand where the use of other, safer equipment is not justified’.
„Dostop po vrvi in tehnike nameščanja se lahko uporabijo le v okoliščinah, ko ocena tveganja kaže, da sezadevno delo lahko opravi varno, in kjer uporaba drugevarnejše delovne opreme ni upravičena.“(razde-lek 4.1.3 Priloge k Direktivi 2001/45/ES)
(Section 4.1.3 of the Annex to Directive2001/45/EC).
OPRAVLJANJE DELA Z DOSTOPOM PO VRVI IN TEHNIKAMI
Work procedures must include:pre-work inspection (especially at the start of eachday);identification of danger zones;appropriate precautions to prevent damage to suspension equipment (e.g. rollers);provision for descent directly below the anchor tominimise the pendulum effect.
NAMEŠČANJA in če so izpolnjeni naslednji pogoji:a)sistem mora imeti vsaj dve ločeno sidrani vrvi, enasluži za dostop, spust in oporo (delovna vrv), druga jepodporna (varnostna vrv);b)delavci morajo imeti in uporabljati primeren varnostnipas in biti povezani z varnostno vrvjo;c)delovna vrv mora imeti opremo za varno vzpenjanjein spuščanje in samozaporni sistem, ki prepreči, da biuporabnik, ki pade, izgubil nadzor nad svojim gibanjem.