natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Historical  gure: France She led the French army to several important victories during the Hundred Years' War and was later captured and burned at the stake aged 19.
Zgodovinska osebnost: Francija Francosko vojsko je popeljala do več pomembnih zmag v stoletni vojni, kasneje pa je bila ujeta in pri devetnajstih letih zažgana na grmadi.
Scientist: Latvia Known as the father of the ‘dainas’ – traditional Baltic music and lyrics – his is the only portrait to appear on Latvian bank notes.
Pisatelj: Latvija Znan je kot oče tradicionalne baltske glasbe in lirike „dainas“ in edini, čigar portret je upodobljen na latvijskih bankovcih.
Painter, sculptor, architect, scientist, inventor and philosopher: Italy He painted the famous portrait of the Mona Lisa and designed the ­ rst helicopter model as early as 1493.
Slikar, kipar, arhitekt, znanstvenik, izumitelj in lozof: Italija Naslikal je slavni portret Mona Liza in že leta 1493 oblikoval prvi model helikopterja.
Singer: Sweden She released her ­ rst album in 2008 and quickly rose to international fame, collaborating with stars such as Kings of Leon and Kanye West.
Pevka: Švedska Svoj prvi album je izdala leta 2008 in se hitro povzpela do mednarodne slave, sodelovala je z zvezdami, kot so Kings of Leon in Kanye West.
They were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903.
Leta 1903 sta dobila Nobelovo nagrado za  ziko.
Actress: Germany She starred in many ­lms, including the original version of Around the World in 80 Days (1956).
Igralka: Nemčija Igrala je v mnogih lmih, med drugim tudi v prvotni različici lma V osemdesetih dneh okoli sveta (1956).
Rapper: France He is one of the most internationally popular and in¦ uential French rappers.
Raper: Francija Eden od mednarodno najslavnejših in najvplivnejših francoskih raperjev.
Painter and composer: Lithuania One of Lithuania's most famous artists, he composed 250 pieces of music and produced 300 paintings.
Slikar in skladatelj: Litva Eden od najslavnejših litovskih umetnikov, ki je ustvaril 250 glasbenih del in 300 slik.
Athlete: Romania The ­ rst person ever to score full marks(10 out of 10) for gymnastics at the Olympic Games in 1976.
Telovadka: Romunija Na olimpijskih igrah leta 1976 je bila prva oseba, ki je kdajkoli dobila vse točke (deset od desetih) za gimnastiko.
Artist: Spain Famous for his paintings in the ‘Cubist’ style.
Umetnik: Španija Slaven je po svojih slikah v „kubističnem“ slogu.
Actress: Spain She has starred in many international box o ce hits and worked with famous directors such as Woody Allen and Pedro Almodóvar.
Igralka: Španija Nastopala je v številnih mednarodnih lmskih uspešnicah in sodelovala s slavnimi režiserji, kot sta Woody Allen in Pedro Almodóvar.
Politician: Luxembourg Although he was born in Luxembourg, he went on to become Prime Minister of France.
Politik: Luksemburg Čeprav se je rodil v Luksemburgu, je postal predsednik francoske vlade.
Considered to be the ‘father of Europe’ the Schuman Declaration was made on 9 May 1950 and to this day 9 May is designated 'Europe Day'.
Znan je kot „oče Evrope“. V spomin na Schumanovo deklaracijo, ki jo je predstavil 9. maja 1950, danes praznujemo 9. maj kot „dan Evrope“.
Inventor: Slovakia He invented the parachute in 1913.
Izumitelj: Slovaška Leta 1913 je izumil padalo.
Tennis player: Germany She is a former number one and the only player to have won all four Grand Slam singles tournaments at least four times each.
Teniška igralka: Nemčija Nekdanja najboljša teniška igralka in tudi edina, ki je na vseh štirih turnirjih grand slama med posamezniki zmagala najmanj štirikrat.
Rock band: Ireland Their songs have been big hits around the world since 1980.
Rok skupina: Irska Od leta 1980 so njihove pesmi velike uspešnice po vsem svetu.
Playwright, politician: Czech Republic Former dissident playwright who criticised the Communist regime and who was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 2003.
Dramatik, politik: Češka Nekdanji disidentski dramatik, ki je kritiziral komunistični režim in ki je bil leta 2003 predlagan za Nobelovo nagrado za mir.
He was the last President of Czechoslovakia and the ­ rst President of the Czech Republic.
Bil je zadnji predsednik Češkoslovaške in prvi predsednik Češke republike.
Explorer: Portugal One of the most successful explorers during the European Age of Discovery, he commanded the ­ rst ships to sail directly from Europe to India.
Raziskovalec: Portugalska Eden od najuspešnejših raziskovalcev evropske dobe velikih odkritij, ki je poveljeval prvim ladjam, ki so plule naravnost iz Evrope v Indijo.
Musician: Austria A composer of classical music, Mozart produced over 600 works and wrote his ­ rst opera in 1770, when he was just 14 years old.
Glasbenik: Avstrija Skladatelj klasične glasbe. Ustvaril je več kot 600 glasbenih del in napisal svojo prvo opero leta 1770, ko je bil star samo 14 let.
My choice:
Po lastni izbiri:
The Slavs settled in many parts of eastern Europe and became the ancestors of today’s Slavic-speaking peoples, including Belorussians, Bulgarians, Croatians, Czechs, Poles, Russians, Serbs, Slovaks, Slovenes and Ukrainians.
Slovani so se naselili v mnogih delih vzhodne Evrope in postali predniki današnjih slovansko govorečih narodov, med katere spadajo Belorusi, Bolgari, Hrvati, Čehi, Poljaki, Rusi, Srbi, Slovaki, Slovenci in Ukrajinci.
After the Magyars settled in the Carpathian Basin in the 9th and 10th´centuries, they founded the Kingdom of Hungary in the year 1000.
Potem ko so se Madžari v 9. in 10. stoletju naselili v Panonski nižini, so leta 1000 ustanovili Ogrsko kraljestvo.
Their descendants today live in Hungary and other neighbouring countries.
Njihovi potomci danes živijo na Madžarskem in v drugih sosednjih državah.
(This was the time when knights in armour fought on horseback).
(To je bil čas, ko so se vitezi v oklepih borili na konjih.)
To defend themselves from attack, kings and nobles often lived in strong castles, with thick stone walls.
Kralji in plemiči so, da bi se zaščitili pred napadi, pogosto živeli v utrjenih gradovih z debelimi kamnitimi zidovi.
Some castles were so strong they have lasted until today.
Nekateri gradovi so bili tako trdni, da stojijo še danes.
Medieval castles were built to keep out enemies.
Srednjeveški gradovi so bili zgrajeni za obrambo pred sovražniki.
Christianity became the main religion in Europe during the Middle Ages, and churches were built almost everywhere.
Krščanstvo je v srednjem veku postalo glavna religija v Evropi in skoraj povsod so bile zgrajene cerkve.
Some of them are very impressive – especially the great cathedrals, with their tall towers and colourful stained-glass windows.
Nekatere od njih so zelo mogočne – zlasti velike katedrale z visokimi stolpi in vitražnimi okni s podobami iz barvnega stekla.
Monks were involved in farming and helped develop agriculture all over Europe.
Menihi so se ukvarjali s kmetovanjem in ga pomagali razviti v vsej Evropi.
They also set up schools and wrote books.
Prav tako so ustanavljali šole in pisali knjige.
Their monasteries often had libraries where important books from ancient times were preserved.
Njihovi samostani so pogosto imeli knjižnice, kjer so se ohranile pomembne knjige iz antike.
In southern Spain, where Islam was the main religion, the rulers built beautiful mosques and minarets.
V južni Španiji, kjer je bila glavna vera islam, so vladarji zgradili čudovite mošeje in minarete.
The most famous ones left today are the mosque in Cordoba and the Giralda minaret in Seville.
Najslavnejša med njimi, ki sta ohranjena še danes, sta mošeja v Kordobi in minaret Giralda v Sevilli.
View of the huge medieval mosque in Cordoba (Spain).
Pogled na veliko srednjeveško mošejo v Kordobi (v Španiji).
The Renaissance roughly 1300 to 1600 AD ime dia ik a/ W
(približno od leta 1300 do 1600 po Kr.) ime dia ik a/ W
During the Middle Ages, most people could not read or write and they knew only what they learnt in church.
V srednjem veku večina ljudi ni znala brati ali pisati in so vedeli samo to, kar so slišali v cerkvi.
Only monasteries and universities had copies of the books the ancient Greeks and Romans had written.
Le samostani in univerze so imeli izvode knjig, ki so jih napisali stari Grki in Rimljani.
But in the 1300s and 1400s, students began rediscovering the ancient books.
V štirinajstem in petnajstem stoletju pa so študentje začeli ponovno odkrivati starodavne knjige.
They were amazed at the great ideas and knowledge they found there and the news began to spread.
Osupnili so nad velikimi idejami in znanjem, ki so jih tam našli, in ta novica se je začela širiti.
One of the world’s most famous statues: David by Michelangelo.
Eden najslavnejših kipov na svetu: David, ki ga je naredil Michelangelo.
Wealthy and educated people, for example in Florence (Italy), became very interested.
Bogati in izobraženi ljudje, na primer v Firencah (v Italiji), so se začeli zelo zanimati zanje.
They could a ord to buy books – especially once printing was invented in Europe (1445) – and they fell in love with ancient Greece and Rome.
Lahko so si privoščili nakup knjig – zlasti, ko je bil v Evropi izumljen tisk (leta 1445) – in zaljubili so se v staro Grčijo in Rim.
They had their homes modelled on Roman palaces, and they paid talented artists and sculptors to decorate them with scenes from Greek and Roman stories, and with statues of gods, heroes and emperors.
Svoje domove so dali zgraditi po vzoru rimskih palač, nadarjenim slikarjem in kiparjem pa so plačali, da so jih okrasili s prizori iz grških in rimskih zgodb ter s kipi bogov, junakov in cesarjev.
Leonardo da Vinci designed this ‘helicopter’ 500 years ago!
Leonardo da Vinci je že pred 500 leti naredil načrt za ta „helikopter“!
One of the great Renaissance paintings: Venus by Botticelli.
Ena od pomembnih renesančnih slik: Venera, ki jo je naslikal Botticelli.
It was as if a lost world of beauty and wisdom had been reborn.
Bilo je tako, kot da bi se ponovno rodil izgubljeni svet lepote in modrosti.
That is why we call this period the ‘Renaissance’ (meaning ‘rebirth’).
Zato to obdobje imenujemo renesansa (kar pomeni„preporod“).
It gave the world:
V tem času je svet dobil:
> great painters and sculptors such as Michelangelo and Botticelli; > talented architects like Brunelleschi; > the amazing inventor and artist Leonardo da Vinci; > great thinkers such as Thomas More, Erasmus and Montaigne; > scientists such as Copernicus and Galileo (who discovered that the Earth and other planets move around the sun); > beautiful buildings such as the castles in the Loire valley; > a new interest in what human beings can achieve. 24
> velike slikarje in kiparje, kot sta Michelangelo in Botticelli; > nadarjene arhitekte, kot je Brunelleschi; > izrednega izumitelja in umetnika Leonarda da Vincija; > velike mislece, kot so Thomas More, Erasmus in Montaigne; > znanstvenike, kot sta Kopernik in Galilej (ki sta odkrila, da zemlja in drugi planeti krožijo okoli sonca); > čudovite stavbe, kot so gradovi v dolini reke Loare; > novo zanimanje za to, kaj lahko človeška bitja dosežejo. 24
A di erent kind of ‘revolution’ started in Europe about 250 years ago – in the world of‘industry’.
Pred približno 250 leti se je v svetu industrije začela drugačna vrsta revolucije.
It all began with an energy crisis.
Vse se je začelo z energetsko krizo.
For thousands of years, people had been burning wood and charcoal.
Na tisoče let so ljudje kurili z lesom in ogljem.
But now, parts of Europe were running out of forests!
Zdaj pa so se ponekod v Evropi nadvse skrčili gozdovi!
What else could we use as fuel?
Kaj bi se lahko še uporabljalo kot gorivo?
There was plenty of it in Europe, and miners began digging for it.
V Evropi ga je bilo mnogo in rudarji so ga začeli kopati.
Coal powered the newly invented steam engines.
Premog je bil pogonsko gorivo za parne stroje, ki so jih iznašli v tem času.
It could also be roasted and turned into‘coke’, which is a much cleaner fuel – ideal for making iron and steel.
Lahko so ga tudi žgali in predelali v koks, ki je precej čistejše gorivo in odlično za izdelavo železa in jekla.
About 150 years ago, an Englishman called Henry Bessemer invented a ‘blast furnace’that could produce large amounts of steel quite cheaply.
Pred približno 150 leti je Anglež po imenu Henry Bessemer izumil plavž, ki je lahko z nizkimi stroški proizvedel velike količine jekla.
Soon Europe was producing huge quantities of it, and it changed the world!
Kmalu je Evropa proizvajala ogromne količine jekla, kar je spremenilo svet.
Cheap steel made it possible to build skyscrapers, huge bridges, ocean liners, cars, fridges… Powerful guns and bombs too.
Poceni jeklo je omogočilo gradnjo nebotičnikov, ogromnih mostov, prekooceanskih ladij, avtomobilov, hladilnikov ...
Henry Bessemer – the inventor of modern steelmaking.
Henry Bessemer – izumitelj sodobnega jeklarstva.
Great discoveries and new ideas roughly 1500 to 1900 AD e w s nd r en ja m in A .B
(približno od leta 1500 do 1900 po Kr.) e w s nd r en jami nA .B
Replicas of Christopher Columbus’s ships.
Kopiji dveh ladij Krištofa Kolumba.
At the time of the Renaissance, trade with distant lands was becoming very important for European merchants.
V času renesanse je trgovina z oddaljenimi deželami postajala zelo pomembna za evropske trgovce.
For example, they were selling goods in India and bringing back valuable spices and precious stones.
Blago so na primer prodajali v Indiji, nazaj pa so prinašali dragocene začimbe in drage kamne.
But travelling overland was di cult and took a long time, so the merchants wanted to reach India by sea.
Vendar je bilo potovanje po kopnem težko in je zahtevalo veliko časa, zato so trgovci želeli priti do Indije po morju. Težava pa je bila, da je bila napoti Afrika – in ta je bila zelo velika!
However, if the world really was round (as people were beginning to believe), European ships ought to be able to reach India by sailing west.
Vendar če je svet res okrogel (kot so ljudje začeli verjeti), bi morale evropske ladje priti do Indije tako, da plujejo proti zahodu.
So, in 1492, Christopher Columbus and his sailors set out from Spain and crossed the Atlantic.
Zato so leta 1492 Krištof Kolumb in njegovi mornarji izpluli iz Španije in prepluli Atlantik.
But instead of reaching India they discovered the Bahamas (islands in the Caribbean Sea, near the coast of America).
Toda namesto, da bi prišli do Indije, so odkrili Bahame (otoke v Karibskem morju, blizu ameriške obale).
Other explorers soon followed.
Kmalu so sledili drugi raziskovalci.
In 1497–98, Vasco da Gama – a Portuguese naval o cer – was the rst European to reach India by sailing around Africa.
V letih 1497–1498 je Vasco da Gama, portugalski mornariški častnik, kot prvi Evropejec prišel v Indijo tako, da je plul okoli Afrike.
In 1519, another Portuguese explorer – Ferdinand Magellan, working for the King of Spain – led the rst European expedition to sail right round the world!
Leta 1519 je drugi portugalski raziskovalec, Ferdinand Magellan, ki je služil španskemu kralju – vodil prvo evropsko pomorsko odpravo okoli sveta!
Before long, Europeans were exploring the Caribbean islands and America (which they called the‘New World’) and founding colonies there.
Kmalu za tem so Evropejci začeli raziskovati Karibske otoke in Ameriko (ki so jo imenovali „novi svet“) in tam ustanovili kolonije.
In other words, they took over the land, claiming it now belonged to their home country in Europe.
Z drugimi besedami, zavzeli so zemljo in trdili, da zdaj pripada njihovi matični državi v Evropi.
They took their beliefs, customs and languages with them – and that is how English and French came to be the main languages spoken in North America, and Spanish and Portuguese in Central and South America.
S seboj so prinesli svojo vero, običaje in jezike – in tako sta angleščina in francoščina postali glavna jezika v Severni Ameriki, španščina in portugalščina pa v Srednji in Južni Ameriki.
It was driven to extinction by European colonists.
Evropski naseljenci so ga iztrebili.
As time passed, Europeans sailed further and further – to China, Japan, South-East Asia, Australia and Oceania.
Sčasoma so Evropejci pluli vse dlje – do Kitajske, Japonske, jugovzhodne Azije, Avstralije in Oceanije.
Sailors returning from these distant lands reported seeing strange creatures very di erent from those in Europe.
Mornarji, ki so se vračali iz teh oddaljenih krajev, so pripovedovali o nenavadnih bitjih, ki se zelo razlikujejo od tistih v Evropi.
This made scientists keen to explore these places and to bring back animals and plants for Europe’s museums.
To je navdušilo znanstvenike, da so raziskovali te kraje in prinesli nazaj živali in rastline za evropske muzeje.
In the 1800s, European explorers went deep into Africa and by 1910 European nations had colonised most of the African continent.
V devetnajstem stoletju so raziskovalci prodrli globoko v Afriko in do leta 1910 so evropski narodi kolonizirali večino afriške celine.
Voltaire, one of the great writers of the Enlightenment age.
Voltaire, eden velikih pisateljev v dobi razsvetljenstva.
Meanwhile, back in Europe, scientists were finding out more and more about about how the universe works.
Medtem so znanstveniki v Evropi vse bolj spoznavali delovanje vesolja.
Geologists, studying rocks and fossils, began wondering how the Earth had been formed and how old it really was.
Geologi, ki so proučevali kamnine in fosile, so se začeli spraševati, kako je nastala Zemlja in koliko let je v resnici stara.
Two great scientists, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (in France) and Charles Darwin (in England), eventually concluded that animals and plants had ‘evolved’ – changing from one species into another over millions and millions of years.
Dva velika znanstvenika, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (v Franciji) in Charles Darwin (v Angliji), sta sčasoma prišla do spoznanja, da so se živali in rastline razvile z„evolucijo“ – tako da so se v milijonih let iz ene vrste spremenile v drugo.
Charles Darwin published his theory of evolution in 1859.
Charles Darwin je leta 1859 objavil svojo evolucijsko teorijo.
In the 1700s, people were asking other important questions too – such as how countries should be governed, and what rights and freedoms people should have.
V osemnajstem stoletju so ljudi zanimala tudi druga pomembna vprašanja – na primer, kako voditi državo in kakšne pravice in svoboščine naj imajo ljudje.
The writer Jean-Jacques Rousseau said that everyone should be equal.
Pisatelj Jean-Jacques Rousseau je trdil, da bi morali biti vsi ljudje enakopravni.
Another writer, Voltaire, said the world would be better if reason and knowledge replaced ignorance and superstition.
Drugi pisatelj, Voltaire, je trdil, da bi bil svet boljši, če bi nevednost in vraževerje zamenjala razum in znanje.
This age of new ideas, called the‘Enlightenment’, led to great changes in some countries – for example the French revolution of 1789, when the people decided they would no longer be ruled by kings and queens.
Obdobje novih idej, imenovano razsvetljenstvo, je v nekaterih državah pripeljalo do velikih sprememb, na primer francoske revolucije leta 1789, ko so se ljudje odločili, da jim nič več ne bodo vladali kralji in kraljice. Eno od njihovih revolucionarnih gesel je bilo„svoboda, enakost, bratstvo“, ki je postalo tudi francosko državno geslo.
The modern world roughly 1880 until today
Moderni svet približno od leta 1880 do danes
Today, Europe makes the latest mobile phones.
Danes Evropa izdeluje najsodobnejše mobilne telefone.
Other European inventions from the 19th and 20th centuries helped create the world we know today.
Drugi evropski izumi iz 19. in 20. stoletja so pomagali ustvariti svet, kot ga poznamo danes. Na primer:
1886 The petrol engine 1901 First radio messages1909 Bakelite, the rst plastic
1886 bencinski motor 1901 prva radijska sporočila1909 bakelit, prva plastična snov
1912 Neon lighting1920s Television and motorways1935 Radar and the biro pen
1912 neonska razsvetljava1920-a leta televizija in avtoceste1935 radar in kemični svinčnik instant kavaprvo reaktivno letaloprvi računalnik
Today, roughly a quarter of the people working in Europe are producing things needed for the modern world: food and drinks; mobile phones and computers; clothes and furniture; washing machines and televisions; cars, buses and lorries and lots more besides.
Danes približno četrtina delovnih ljudi v Evropi proizvaja stvari, ki jih potrebuje sodobni svet: hrano in pijačo; mobilne telefone in računalnike; oblačila in pohištvo; pralne stroje in televizijske sprejemnike; avtomobile, avtobuse in tovornjake ter mnogo drugih stvari.
About 7 out of every 10 European workers have ‘service’ jobs.
Sedem desetin evropskih delavcev opravlja storitve.
In other words, they work in shops and post o ces, banks and insurance companies, hotels and restaurants, hospitals and schools, etc. – either selling things or providing services that people need.
Z drugimi besedami, delajo v trgovinah in poštah, bankah in zavarovalnicah, hotelih in restavracijah, bolnišnicah in šolah idr. Tam bodisi prodajajo blago bodisi opravljajo druge storitve, ki jih ljudje potrebujejo.
Sadly, the story of Europe is not all about great achievements we can be proud of.
Na žalost v zgodbi o Evropi niso samo veliki dosežki, na katere smo lahko ponosni.
There are also many things to be ashamed of.
V njej je tudi mnogo takega, česar se moramo sramovati.
Down the centuries, European nations fought terrible wars against each other.
Stoletja so se evropski narodi v grozovitih vojnah bojevali drug proti drugem.
These wars were usually about power and property, or religion.
V teh vojnah je običajno šlo za moč in premoženje ali vero.
European colonists killed millions of native people on other continents – by fighting or mistreating them, or by accidentally spreading European diseases among them.
Evropski kolonisti so na drugih celinah ubili na milijone domorodcev – z bojem, slabim ravnanjem ali nenamernim širjenjem evropskih bolezni mednje.
Europeans also took millions of Africans to work as slaves.
Evropejci so ugrabili tudi na milijone Afričanov, ki so morali zanje delati kot sužnji.
Lessons had to be learnt from these dreadful wrongdoings.
Iz teh grozovitih dejanj se je bilo treba nekaj naučiti.
The European slave trade was abolished in the 1800s.
Evropska trgovina s sužnji je bila odpravljena v devetnajstem stoletju. Kolonije so postale svobodne v dvajsetem stoletju.
And peace did come to Europe at last.
In mir je navsezadnje vendarle prišel v Evropo.
To nd out how, read the chapter called‘Bringing the family together: the story of the European Union’.
Več o tem lahko preberete v poglavju„Zgodba o Evropski uniji“.
Regrettably, there have been many quarrels in the European family.
Žal je bilo v evropski družini že veliko prepirov.
Often they were about who should rule a country, or which country owned which piece of land.
Pogosto je šlo za to, kdo bo vladal državi ali katera država bo lastnica katerega kosa zemlje.
Sometimes a ruler wanted to gain more power by conquering his neighbours, or to prove that his people were stronger and better than other peoples.
Včasih si je vladar kake države podvrgel sosednje države, da bi pridobil več moči ali da bi dokazal, da je njegov narod močnejši in boljši od drugih narodov.
One way or another, for hundreds of years, there were terrible wars in Europe.
Tako ali drugače, v Evropi so na stotine let besnele grozovite vojne.
In the 20th century, two big wars started on this continent but spread and involved countries all around the world.
V dvajsetem stoletju sta se na tej celini začeli dve veliki vojni in se razširili ter zajeli države po vsem svetu.
That is why they are called world wars.
Zato se imenujeta svetovni vojni. V njiju je bilo ubitih na milijone ljudi, Evropa pa je ostala v revščini in razvalinah.
Could anything be done to stop these things happening again?
Ali je mogoče preprečiti, da bi se te stvari znova zgodile?
Would Europeans ever learn to sit down together and discuss things instead of fighting?
Se lahko Evropejci kdaj naučimo sesti skupaj in probleme reševati s pogovorom in ne z bojevanjem?
That’s the story of our next chapter: the story of the European Union.
To je zgodba našega naslednjega poglavja – zgodba o Evropski uniji.