natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
First of all, the draft regulation sets a common objectivefor the migration of adult eels to the sea for spawning:the “escapement”rate for each river basin must be 40%of the number of adult eels that would migrate to the seaunder ideal natural conditions, namely in the absence of obstacles to migration, pollution and fisheries.
Osnutek uredbe najprej določa skupni cilj, kar zadeva selitev odraslih jegulj na odprto morje zaradirazmnoževanja: “raven odseljevanja”mora za vsakopovodje znašati 40 % odraslih jegulj, ki bi se odselilev morje v idealnih naravnih razmerah, namreč brez ovirpri selitvi ter brez onesnaževanja in ribolova.
Due to the variety of habitats and types of eel fishing inthe different river basins, measures cannot be identicalfor all regions.
Ukrepi zaradi raznolikosti habitatov in načinov ribolovapopulacij jegulj v različnih povodjih vseeno ne morejo bitienaki za vse regije.
It will therefore be up to the Member Statesto take adequate measures to attain this objective, suchas limiting fishing activity or reducing the different obstaclesto migration by restoring habitats, cleaning up pollutedareas and installing fish ladders along dams.
Torej bi morale države članice sprejetiukrepe za dosego tega cilja, kot so omejitev ribolova alizmanjšanje števila različnih ovir, ki preprečujejo selitev,na primer z obnavljanjem habitatov, odpravo črnih točkonesnaževanja, ureditvijo kanalov za ribe vzdolž jezov.
All eels are born in the Sargasso Sea, in the middle of the North Atlantic.
Vse jegulje se izvalijo v Sargaškem morju sredi Severnega Atlantika.
The Gulf Stream carries the larvaeto Europe and North Africa.
Zalivski tok ličinke potem odnese proti Evropi in Severni Afriki.
Feeding along shores and in estuaries, they grow into elvers, or young eels.
Hrana, ki jo najdejo vzdolž obal in v estuarjih,jim omogoča, da odrastejo v steklaste jegulje.
After migrating upstream, they settle into the calmwaters of rivers, ponds and streams where they becomeyellow eels, or adults. Around 10 years later, they developinto silver eels.
Na potiproti toku se nato ustalijo v mirnih vodah rek, ribnikov in strug na ravninah, kjer odrastejo v rumene jegulje.Približno deset let pozneje postanejo srebrne jegulje.Takrat se spustijo po rečnih strugah in se odpravijo proti Sargaškemu morju, kjer se drstijo in nato umrejo.
At that point, they migrate downstreamand make the journey to the Sargasso Sea, where they spawn and die.
Jeguljaje ravno med tem ciklusom v sladki vodi izpostavljenaštevilnim nevarnostim.
Each river basin would have a specific managementplan. In the basins that extend beyond the boundaries ofa single State, such as the Rhine, the Meuse, the Douroor the Tagus, the management plans must be agreedbetween the different States concerned.
Vsako povodje bi obravnaval poseben “načrt upravljanja”.V povodjih, ki obsegajo več držav, kot so povodja rek Ren, Maas, Douro in Tajo, se morajo o načrtih upravljanjadogovoriti različne države.
First, there is intense fishing pressure on all eel populations,from elvers to silver eels. And because the species doesnot reproduce in captivity, wild stocks (especially elver)are used to supply aquaculture.
Najprej je vse življenje, od steklaste do srebrne jegulje,predmet intenzivnega ribolova Poleg tega se vrsta v ujetništvu ne razmnožuje, zato se ribogojstvo oskrbuje z divjim staležem (predvsem s steklastimi jeguljami).
Both at sea and in freshwaters, eels are also victims ofshrinking natural habitats and pollution.
Jegulja je poleg tega v morju in v notranjih vodah žrtevizginjanja svojega naravnega habitata in onesnaževanjavoda.
When migratingboth upstream and downstream, their progress throughwaterways is hindered by numerous man-made obstaclessuch as dykes and dams, and there is a high mortalityrate among the adult eels making their way to spawninggrounds.
Prav tako pri prihodu in odhodu v rečnih strugahnaleti na številne ovire, ki jih je postavil človek, kot sonasipi in jezovi, zato je pri odraslih jeguljah, ki se odseljujejoproti območjem drstenja, visoka stopnja smrtnosti.
The plans would have to be submitted to the Commissionby the end of 2006.
Načrti upravljanja naj bi se Komisiji predložili do koncaleta 2006.
After a careful review and approvalby the Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF), they would enter into force on 1 July 2007.
Potem ko bi jih preučil in odobril Znanstveni,tehnični in gospodarski odbor za ribištvo (STECF), bi se začeli izvajati 1. julija 2007.
The Commission is also considering proposing other measures for the longer term, such asthe introduction of a traceability system to prevent fraudor a study of ways to increase the quantity of elver thatcan be used to improve and conserve the stock.
Komisija načrtuje, da bo predlagala tudi druge dolgoročnejše ukrepe, kot so vzpostavitev sistema sledljivosti, da se preprečivsakršno goljufanje predpisov, ali preučitev ukrepov, ki bi omogočili povečanje količine razpoložljivihsteklastih jegulj za izboljšanje in ohranitev staleža.
A temporary protection measure
Začasni zaščitni ukrep
All this explains that measures to protect eels have toencompass both coastal zones for juveniles and inlandwaterways for adults.
Vse to pojasnjuje, da ukrepi, ki jih je treba sprejeti za njenozaščito, zadevajo številne dejavnike: obalna območja v nedorasli dobi in notranje vode v odrasli dobi.
After numerous consultations with scientists, representatives of the sector and Member States, the Commission proposed in October last a regulationintroducing recovery measures for the European eelstock.
Komisija je potem, ko je povečala število posvetovanj z znanstveniki, predstavniki sektorja in državami članicami,oktobra letos predlagala uredbo o ukrepih za obnovostaleža evropske jegulje.
This proposal follows on from the action plan the Commission presented in 2003 (see Fishing in Europe No 24, December 2004, pp 9-10).
Ta predlog nadaljuje akcijskinačrt, ki ga je Komisija predstavila že leta 2003 (glej Evropsko ribištvo, št. 24, december 2004, str. 9-10).
every month.
i bo g o js tv
Fishing could continue during the closureperiod in the Member States that have demonstratedthat their measures guarantee the 40% escapementrate.
Ribolov bi se lahkomed prepovedjo vseeno nadaljeval v državah članicah,ki bi dokazale, da so vzpostavile ukrepe, ki omogočajodoseganje cilja, tj.
Fishing for elver could also continue if these areused to restock rivers but not for aquaculture.
40-odstotno raven odseljevanja.
The Commission’s proposal has to be approved by Parliament and the Council during 2006 to take effect.
Istobi veljalo za ribolov steklastih jegulj, če so te jeguljenamenjene obnavljanju staleža v rekah in ne ribogojstvu.Predlog uredbe Komisije morata v letu 2006 odobriti še Evropski parlament in Svet, da bi se lahko uresničil.
The reproduction of bluefin tuna in captivity: promising first results
Razmnoževanje tuna v ujetništvu: prvi obetajoči rezultati
Last summer, eggs from captive bluefin tuna weresuccessfully fertilised in vitro in Spain.
To poletje se je v Španiji lahko izvedla in vitro oploditev ikertuna v ujetništvu.
This step towardsthe reproduction of bluefin tuna in captivity could haveimportant consequences on the future development ofaquaculture.
Ta korak k razmnoževanju tuna vujetništvu bi lahko imel v prihodnosti pomembne poslediceza razvoj ribogojstva.
The research was conducted under the EU-financed REPRO-DOTT project by a team of Spanish, French, Maltese, Greek, Italian, German and Israeli researchers.
Te raziskave so bile opravljene vokviru projekta REPRO-DOTT, ki ga financira Evropskaunija in v katerem sodelujejo španski, francoski, malteški,grški, italijanski, nemški in izraelski raziskovalci.
Bluefintuna farming is a huge challenge for theyears to come. The success of this fish on marketsworldwide, particularly in Japan and America, hasincreased its commercial value (see Fishing in Europe No 23,September 2004, pp 10-11).
Ribogojstvotuna je velik izziv za prihodnja leta.Uspeh te ribe na svetovnih trgih ter zlasti na japonskemin ameriškem je iz nje naredil proizvod z visokokomercialno vrednostjo (glej Evropsko ribištvo, št. 23,september 2004,str. 10-11).
Scientists working on the REPRO-DOTTresearch project have successfully fertilizedbluefin tuna eggs in vitro.
Znanstvenikom, ki so se zbrali pri raziskovalnemprojektu REPRO-DOTT, je uspelo izvesti in vitrooploditev iker tuna.
(3) of eight marine research institutes, of which seven from
Gojenje tuna, kot se sedaj izvaja v Sredozemlju, temeljina primerkih, ki se jih redi v “plavajočih kletkah”.
Bluefin tuna farming in the Mediterranean is currentlybased on fattening the fish in “floating cages”.
Živalise včasih ujamejo zelo daleč od kraja reje in odpeljejo v posebej za ta namen zasnovanih kletkah, v katerih jihladja počasi privleče do “farme”.
The animalsare sometimes caught at a considerable distance fromthe fattening zone and are brought to the “farm” in specially designed cages towed by a slow-moving boat.The tuna are fattened on sardines and anchovies andplaced on the market when their flesh has reached optimal quality capable of satisfying the very specificexpectations of gourmets, notably the Japanese.
Ta reja s sardelami insardoni omogoča, da se ribo da na trg takrat, ko njenomeso doseže optimalno raven kakovosti, ki izpolnjujezelo natančna pričakovanja gastronomov, zlasti japonskih.
the Mediterranean area.
(3) osmih inštitutov za morske raziskave, med katerimi je
This type of business is expanding in the Mediterraneanbecause it is very profitable.
Ta vrsta farm se močno razvija v Sredozemlju, saj gre za zelo donosno gojenje.
But this commercial successcreated the risk of overexploitation of stocks, particularlyin the Mediterranean where part of the population migrates every summer to spawn. Alarmed over this
Ta komercialni uspeh je lahkopovzročil prekomerno izkoriščanje staležev, predvsem v Sredozemlju, kamor se zaradi drstenja vsako poletje
It began in 2003 and will expire at the end of 2005.There is obviously great interest in the project because it is expected to help meet continually rising marketdemand and ease pressure on a stock that is in dangerfor the moment.
ICCAT, GFCM in Evropska unija, sedem sredozemskih. Evropska komisija je za projekt REPRO-DOTT namenila sredstva v višini 1,5 milijona EURv okviru petega okvirnega programa znanstvenihraziskav.
A view from the Pacific in Europe e have adopted rules for the strict management of bluefintuna, aimed in particular at regulating the fattening activity(caging declaration, sampling procedure, list of authorisedfarms, monitoring of quantities caged and marketing).Each contracting party has put in place measures suchas inspections to reduce catches of juveniles.
Na Pacifiku zaskrbljeni zaradi tega položaja, so sprejeli pravila zauvedbo strogega upravljanja s tunom, katerega namenje zlasti uokviriti dejavnost reje (izjava o zapiranju v kletke,postopek vzorčenja, seznam odobrenih farm, spremljanještevila rib, zaprtih v kletke, in trženje). Poleg tega so vsepogodbene strani izvedle ukrepe, predvsem nadzorneukrepe, za zmanjšanje ulova mladic.
In 2006,the ICCAT Scientific Committee will assess the bluefintuna stock and the ICCAT will study the effectiveness of management measures in place.
Leta 2006 boznanstveni odbor ICCAT ocenil stalež tuna, medtem ko bo ICCAT na kraju samem preučil učinkovitostukrepov upravljanja.
Absence of reproduction in captivity
v Evropi o
Fisheries and a q u a c u lt u r
Brez razmnoževanja v ujetništvu i bo g o js tv o in r
If bluefin tuna reproduced in captivity, domestication and farming could provide a solution by meeting marketdemand while minimising pressure on wild stocks.Unfortunately, since the first cages were put into use in 1996, there has been no spontaneous reproduction of captive individuals in the Mediterranean.
Japonski raziskovalci, ki se v Pacifiku ukvarjajo z razmnoževanjem južnega tuna, so se odločili za drugačno možnostkot evropski raziskovalci: nadzirati vse okoljske razmere, sepravi pustiti tune v velikih bazenih in jim omogočiti, da sedolga leta navajajo na okolje v ujetništvu v optimalnih pogojih,kar zadeva kakovost in temperaturo vode.
Their method has producedresults: in June 2002, researchers from Kinki University in Osaka completed the first full reproductive cycle, obtainingeggs from individuals born in captivity.
Ta metoda jeobrodila sadove: junija 2002 so japonski raziskovalci z Univerze Kinki v Osaki zaključili prvi popolni razmnoževalni ciklus indobili ikre primerkov, rojenih v ujetništvu.
The major constraintof such a method is its unforeseeability in terms of thedate of obtaining eggs.
Največja težavatakšne metode je nepredvidljivost datuma pridobitve iker.
That is why a large-scale research project aimed at improving understanding of the reproductive cycle of captive bluefin tuna was launched by a consortium
Če bi se tun razmnoževal v ujetništvu, bi bila lahkonjegova udomačitev in gojenje rešitev, ki bi zadovoljilapotrebe trga in obenem tudi zmanjšala pritisk na divje staleže.
(1) International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas – the regional fisheries organisation responsible for the management of tunas and related species in the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas, including the Mediterranean.(2) General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean – the regional fisheries organisation responsible for the management of fisheries in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea.(3) Instituto español de Oceanografia, Universidad de Cadiz, Institut français de Recherche pour l’Exploration de la Mer, Institute of Marine Biology of Crete, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Malta Centre for Fisheries Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bari and Universität Heinrich-Heine Düsseldorf.
(1) Mednarodna komisija za ohranitev atlantskega tuna – regionalna organizacija za ribištvo, pristojna za upravljanje s tuni in tunom podobnimi vrstami v Atlantskemoceanu in sosednjih morjih, tudi v Sredozemlju.(2) Generalna komisija za ribištvo v Sredozemlju – regionalna organizacija za ribištvo, pristojna za upravljanje ribištva v Sredozemlju in Črnem morju.(3) Instituto español de Oceanografia, Universidad de Cadiz, Institut français de Recherche pour l’Exploration de la Mer, Institute of marine Biology of Crete, Israël oceanographic and limnological Research, Malta Centre for Fisheries Sciences, Universitàdegli Studi di Bari in Universität Heinrich-Heine Düsseldorf.
Three years of research
Projekt, ki se je začel leta 2003, se bo končal konec leta2005.
Handle with care
Pazljivo ravnanje z odraslimi ribami
The scientific consortium worked closely with the tuna fattening companies based in the region of Cartagena,Spain, where this activity began to develop at the end of the 1990s.
Znanstveni konzorcij je tesno sodeloval z družbami za rejo tunov v regiji Cartagena v Španiji, kjer se je tadejavnost začela razvijati konec 90-ih let.
The research was carried out on their captivespecimens, because the consortium opted to conduct itsresearch under the “normal” conditions of fattening in cages, rather than under laboratory conditions.
Raziskave sobile opravljene na njihovih primerkih v ujetništvu, saj seje konzorcij odločil, da bo raziskave opravil v “normalnih”pogojih reje v kletkah in ne v laboratorijskih pogojih.
A major problem still has to be solved: how to handlethese very big animals – an adult weighs from 180 to400 kg – which paradoxically are very fragile.
Nato je treba rešiti pomembno vprašanje ravnanja s temi zelo velikimi ribami – odrasli primerek tehta od180 do 400 kg –, ki so paradoksalno zelo občutljive.
Simplytaking a bluefin tuna out of the water provokes a traumatism that kills it within hours.
Že samo dejstvo, da se ga vzame iz vode, je za tunatako travmatično, da povzroči pogin v nekaj urah.
In the course of the project, many individuals died after being capturedand immobilised in preparation for inoculation with the hormonal implants.
V okviru projekta je veliko primerkov poginilo, potem koso bili ujeti in imobilizirani, da bi jim vcepili hormonskevsadke.
So the scientists had to invent a method for injecting the implants at a distance, using an underwater shotgun.
Da bi dosegli rezultat, je bilo treba izumiti načinvcepitve vsadkov na daljavo s podvodno puško.
The first two years of research conducted under the REPRO-DOTT project were spent trying to improve knowledge of the reproductive cycle of bluefin tuna,based on observations and analysis of tissue samplesfrom the reproductive organs.
Prvi dve leti raziskav, opravljenih v okviru projekta REPRO-DOTT, sta bili posvečeni boljšemu razumevanjuspolnega ciklusa tuna na podlagi opažanj in analizevzorcev, odvzetih na reproduktivnih organih.
The research thus helped improve biological knowledge, particularly on the species’ maturation cycle.
Raziskaveso tako omogočile izboljšanje biološkega znanja in zlasticiklusa dozorevanja vrste.
This extreme fragility has always been attributed to the stress of captivity.
Do sedaj se je to izredno občutljivost pripisovalo stresuzaradi ujetništva.
The scientists believe there maybe other factors, however.
Vendar ta razlaga znanstvenikom nezadostuje.
The complete domesticationof bluefin tuna will involve increased handling: the introduction of implants, transfers of fry, isolation of breeding stock, care, tissue sampling, etc.
Popolna udomačitev tuna bo pomnožilaštevilo ravnanj: uvedba vsadkov, prenosi mladic, osamitevrazmnoževalne populacije, oskrba, odvzemi vzorcev itd.
So it will be important to understand how this traumatism is fatalto individuals of the species and to come up with meansand techniques for remedying the problem.
Pomembno je vedeti, da oploditev ne poteka v telesihsamic, temveč pride v vodi do stika semena in jajčec.Če povemo enostavno, samica sprosti svoja jajčeca, ki jih samec oplodi tako, da sprosti seme.
During the third year, the scientists developed and tested means of controlling the reproductive cycle, i.e. of artificially provoking ovulation in the females and the production of sperm by the males.
V tretjem letu so znanstveniki iskali in testirali načine za nadzor razmnoževalnega ciklusa, se pravi načine za umetno spodbujanje ovulacije pri samicah in proizvodnjosemena pri samcih.
They used a method of hormonal induction of spawning.
Da bi to dosegli, so uporabili metodododajanja hormonov.
This consistsin using hormonal implants, in other words, substancesthat are inoculated into the organism to stimulate ovulation and trigger the production of sperm. An implantdeveloped by the consortium ended up attaining thedesired result.
Gre za uporabo “hormonskihvsadkov” oziroma snovi, ki vcepljene v organizemspodbujajo ovulacijo in pospešujejo proizvodnjo semena.Pričakovani rezultat so nazadnje dosegli z vsadkom, ki ga je izdelal konzorcij.
Ovocytes were collected in the cages and fertilized in vitro.
Jajčne celice, ki so jih odvzeli v kletkah, so lahko oplodili in vitro.
The first viable bluefin tuna larvaewere born shortly afterwards.
Prve ličinke tuna, kiso bile sposobne preživetja, so se izlegle kmalu zatem.
A long way to go
Dolga pot v Evropi o
In the Atlantic-Mediterranean zone, bluefin tunahas never been reproduced in cages until now. The REPRO-DOTT research project aimed tostimulate its reproductive cycle in captivity.
S tega stališča bo treba razumeti, kako je ta travmausodna za to vrsto, ter odkriti sredstva in načine zaomejitev tega pojava.
in Europe e
i bo g o js tv
This result does not, however, mean that bluefin tuna farming is just around the corner.
Vendar to ne pomeni, da je ribogojstvo tuna na doseguroke.
Numerous scientificand technical hurdles still have to be cleared.
Odpraviti je treba še veliko znanstvenih in tehničnihovir.
First, it has to be shown that this experiment can be reproducedwith other individuals in other conditions.
Najprej se je treba prepričati, da je ta poskus mogočeopraviti na drugih primerkih v drugih razmerah.
The differentparameters of the experiment will then have to be analysedand translated into a reliable protocol capable of beingtransposed to other circumstances.
Torej jetreba analizirati različne parametre tega uspeha in jihpreoblikovati v zanesljivo obliko, ki jo bo mogoče prenesti v druge okoliščine.
The REPRO-DOTT project already represents an important step towards the development of bluefin tunafarming.
Projekt REPRO-DOTT je torej omogočil prestoppomembne faze v razvoju ribogojstva tuna.
Yet it is only a first step.
Vendar je to šele prva faza.
Years of research arestill needed before every stage of bluefin tuna farming,from fertilization to slaughter, can be mastered under the best possible conditions.
Potrebne bodo še večletne raziskave,da bo mogoče v najboljših možnih razmerah obvladativse faze gojenja od oploditve do zakola.
> Recovery plan for southernhake and Norway lobster
> Obnovitveni načrt za staležejužnega osliča in škampa
> New fisheries agreement with Morocco also seeks to promote cooperation for the developmentof sustainable fishing practices in Morocco.
> Novi sporazum o ribolovu z Marokom
The European Union and Morocco signed a newfisheries agreement in July last.
Julija letos je bil sklenjen nov sporazum oribolovu med Marokom in Evropsko unijo.
The four-yearagreement is more modest than its predecessorin terms of quantity.
Taštiriletni sporazum je količinsko bolj omejen kotprejšnji.
Morocco will open its fishingzones to 119 European vessels (97 smallscale fisheries vessels and 22 equipped fordemersal fisheries) and authorise yearly catchesof 60 000 tonnes of small pelagic species(sardines, anchovy).
Maroko odpira svoja ribolovna območjaza 119 evropskih plovil (97 obrtniških ribiškihladij in 22 plovil, opremljenih za pridneni ribolov)in dovoljuje ulov 60.000 ton majhnih pelagičnihrib na leto (sardele, sardoni).
In exchange, the European Union will pay annual financial compensationin the amount of EUR36 million, of which13.5 million will be earmarked for the development and implementation of Morocco’s fisheriespolicy.
Evropska unija Maroku v zameno nakaže finančno kompen-zacijov višini 36 milijonov EUR na leto, od tegabo 13,5 milijona dodeljenih za razvoj in izvajanjesektorske ribiške politike v Maroku.
Indeed, in accordance with the undertakings made under the reform of the Common Fisheries Policy in 2002, the agreement is notlimited to paying for fishing possibilities, but
Sporazumse namreč v skladu z obveznostmi, sprejetimiob reformi skupne ribiške politike leta 2002, neomejuje na kupovanje ribolovnih možnosti,temveč skuša vzpostaviti resnično sodelovanje, da bi spodbudili razvoj trajnostnih ribolovnihpraks v tej državi.
> Conference on “Legal aspects of the enforcement of the rules of the Common Fisheries Policy”
2005 na spletni strani GD za ribištvo nanaslednjem naslovu: http://europa.eu.int/comm/fisheries/news_corner/press/index_en.htm
In October last, the Fisheries Council adoptedthe recovery plan for southern hake and Norwaylobster in the Cantabrian Sea and along thewestern coast of the Iberian Peninsula.
Svet ministrov za ribištvo je oktobra letossprejel obnovitveni načrt za staleže osliča inškampa v Kantabrijskem morju in v morjuzahodno od Iberskega polotoka.
The Com-missionproposed the plan in December 2003based on the scientific advice of the ICES,which on several occasions had drawn theauthorities’ attention to the dangerous situationof these stocks.
Komisija je tanačrt predlagala decembra 2003 po znanstvenihpriporočilih ICES, ki je oblasti večkrat opozorilna negotovi položaj teh staležev. Cilj teganačrta za obnovitev staleža je jasen: doseči,da bosta staleža v roku največ desetih letznotraj varnih bioloških meja.
To attain itsobjectives, the plan establishes measures thatinclude catch limitations, a reduction in fishingeffort and inspections.
Da bi to dosegli,načrt predvideva ukrepe za omejitev ulova,zmanjšanje ribolovnega napora in nadzor.
For Norway lobster,two zones will be partially closed to fishing,one off the north-west coast of Spain and theother south-west of Portugal.
Zaškampe sta bili določeni dve območji delneprepovedi ribolova na morju pred severozahodnoobalo Španije in na jugozahodu Portugalske.Da bi zagotovili ugoden vpliv teh začasnihprepovedi, bosta morali zadevni državi članici,Španija in Portugalska, poskrbeti, da seribolovni napor na teh območjih v preostankuleta ne poveča.