natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
In practice, the term ‘drug law enforcement’ is commonly associated with the set of activities implemented by police and police-like institutions (e.g. customs) to enforce the laws relating to drug use and the drug market.
Večina teh projektov je pomagala stabiliziranim zdravljenim odvisnikom najti delovno mesto, ustrezno njihovih sposobnostim.
Among the areas covered are drug use and possession, trafficking and production, as well as diversion of chemicals and money laundering.
Pomen tega pristopa potrjujejo rezultati neke škotske študije, ki je odkrila, da je pri zdravljenih odvisnikih, ki so prejeli podporo v zvezi z zaposlitvijo, verjetnost, da bodo našli plačano zaposlitev, trikrat večja (McIntosh et al., 2008).
Law enforcement institutions, especially customs, are also tasked in many countries with enforcing laws on controlled chemicals. This involves processing importation and exportation requests as well as identifying and investigating suspicious transactions.
katerih ima kazenski pregon ključno vlogo in vključuje stike z informatorji, izvajanje tajnih operacij („delo pod krinko“) in elektronski nadzor, skupaj s prestrezanjem sporočil.
Drug law offences
Kazenski pregon zaradi drog in kršitve zakonov o drogah
Initial reports on drug law offences, mainly from the police, are the only data on drugrelated crime routinely
V izvrševanje zakonodaje o drogah so vključeni različni organi iz različnih vladnih oddelkov (npr. za policijo,
Drug law enforcement is a central component of Europe’s response to drugs, and it receives a large, possibly the largest, share of the resources devoted to the drug problem.
Nadzorovane pošiljke drog in ciljne operacije, namenjene odstranjevanju ali uničenju prodajnih točk droge, so le nekatere od operativnih taktik, ki jih uporabljajo organi kazenskega pregona v Evropi.
available in Europe (25). The reports usually refer to
) Glej preglednico TDI-15 (del ii) v Statističnem biltenu 2009.)
23) See Tables TDI-12 and TDI-13 in the 2009 statistical bulletin.24) For a definition of drug supply reduction, see the box on p.
Glej preglednici TDI-12 in TDI-13 v Statističnem biltenu 2009.)
28 of the EMCDDA 2008 Annual report.25) For a discussion of the relationships between drugs and crime see EMCDDA (2007b).
Za opredelitev zmanjšanja ponudbe drog glej okvir na str. 28 Letnega poročila Centra 2008.
Chapter 2: Responding to drug problems in Europe — an overview offences such as drug production, trafficking and dealing, as well as drug use and possession for use.
Poglavje 2: Odzivi na problematiko drog v Evropi – pregled
EMCDDA 2009 ‘Selected issue’ on sentencing statistics
Izbrano vprašanje Centra za leto 2009 o statističnih podatkih v zvezi z izrekanjem kazni ki vključuje tudi druge cilje, kot je nadzor priseljevanja, zajema izvajanje pregledov in preiskav oseb in vozil na strateških lokacijah in v njihovi okolici, kot so pristanišča, letališča in kopenske meje.
The EMCDDA published in 2009 a new ‘Selected issue’ on sentencing statistics, which examines the outcomes of drug-law offences in European countries.
Center je leta 2009 objavil novo Izbrano vprašanje o statističnih podatkih v zvezi z izrekanjem kazni, v katerem se proučujejo rezultati kršitev zakonov o drogah v evropskih državah.
The report looks at available national statistics from police, prosecutors and courts, and examines them according to the type of offence (possession, trafficking) and the type of outcome (fine, custody, treatment).
V poročilu so obravnavani razpoložljivi nacionalni statistični podatki policije, tožilcev in sodišč, in proučeni glede na vrsto kršitve (posedovanje, trgovanje) in vrsto rezultata (denarna kazen, zapor, zdravljenje).
The key question being addressed is: What is the most likely outcome in each country for being stopped for a drug possession or supply offence?
Ključno obravnavano vprašanje je: kaj je najverjetnejši rezultat v vsaki državi, če te ustavijo zaradi posedovanja ali ponujanja droge?
However, they include only those drugrelated activities that have come to the attention of law enforcement institutions, and they may also reflect national differences in legislation, priorities and resources.
Organi kazenskega pregona, zlasti carina, so v številnih državah pristojni tudi za izvrševanje zakonov o nadzorovanih kemikalijah.
Furthermore, national information systems may differ, especially in relation to recording and reporting practices.
Sem sodi obdelava zahtevkov za uvoz in izvoz ter odkrivanje in preverjanje sumljivih transakcij.
For these reasons, it is difficult to make valid comparisons between countries, and it is more appropriate to compare trends rather than absolute numbers.
Uničenje nezakonitih laboratorijev za proizvodnjo prepovedanih drog, je še ena naloga organov kazenskega pregona v državah, v katerih se proizvajajo sintetične droge.
On the basis of data provided by 21 Member States, representing 85 % of the population aged 15–64 in the European Union, the number of reported drug law offences increased by an estimated 29 % between 2002 and 2007.
To izbrano vprašanje je na voljo v tiskani obliki in na spletu samo v angleškem jeziku (http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/selected-issues/sentencing).
The data reveal upward trends in all reporting countries except Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Greece, Luxembourg, Hungary and Slovenia, all of which were stable or observed an overall decline over the period (26
Začetna poročila o kršitvah zakonov o drogah, predvsem policijska, so edini podatki o z drogo povezanem kriminalu, ki so v Evropi sistematično na voljo (25
Cannabis continues to be the illicit drug most often mentioned in reported drug law offences in Europe (31).
ponudbo (trgovina, preprodaja, proizvodnja).
In the majority of European countries, offences involving cannabis accounted for between 55 % and 85 % of reported drug law offences in 2007.
V večini evropskih držav kazniva dejanja, povezana z uporabo ali posedovanjem drog, še naprej pomenijo večino kršitev zakonov o drogah, pri čemer je njihov delež leta 2007 znašal kar 91 % (Španija) (27).
Offences related to other drugs exceeded those related to cannabis in only two countries: Lithuania, heroin (26 %); and the Czech Republic, methamphetamine (59 %).
Kršitve, povezane s ponudbo, prevladujejo na Češkem (87 %) in na Nizozemskem (69 %) (prikaz 2).
In Latvia, drug law offences are evenly distributed between cannabis, heroin and ecstasy.
Na Češkem se lahko posedovanje majhnih količin droge, ki ni namenjena ponujanju, kaznuje z opozorilom ali denarno kaznijo, medtem ko se na Nizozemskem kazniva dejanja, povezana z uporabo drog, na splošno ne preganjajo (28).
There has been no major shift in the balance between drug law offences related to use and those related to supply (dealing, trafficking, production) compared to previous years.
Vendar vključujejo samo tiste z drogami povezane dejavnosti, s katerimi so seznanjeni organi kazenskega pregona, in utegnejo odražati razlike v nacionalni zakonodaji, prednostnih nalogah in sredstvih.
In most European countries, offences related to drug use or possession for use continue to comprise the majority of drug law offences, accounting for as much as 91 % (Spain) of the total in 2007 (27).
Razlikujejo se lahko tudi nacionalni informacijski sistemi, zlasti v povezavi s praksami evidentiranja in poročanja, zaradi česar je tehtne primerjave med državami težko opraviti, in se zdi primerneje primerjati trende, kot pa absolutne številke.
Offences related to supply are, however, predominant in the Czech Republic (87 %) and the Netherlands (69 %) (Figure 2).
Med letoma 2002 in 2007 se je število kršitev zakonov o drogah, povezanih z uporabo, povečalo v večini držav poročevalk, pri čemer so o zmanjšanju v tem obdobju poročale le Bolgarija, Grčija, Nizozemska in Slovenija (29).
In the Czech Republic, possession of small quantities of drugs without intent to supply is punishable by a warning or a fine, while in the Netherlands drug-use related offences are generally not prosecuted (28).
Na splošno se je med letoma 2002 in 2007 število kršitev zakonov o drogah, povezanih z uporabo, v Evropski uniji po ocenah povečalo za 32 %.
In the 5-year period 2002–07, the number of drug law offences involving cannabis increased or remained stable in most reporting countries, resulting in an estimated increase of 23 % in the European Union.
Število kaznivih dejanj, povezanih s ponudbo drog, se je v obdobju 2002–2007 zvišalo, vendar precej počasi, pri čemer znaša povečanje v Evropski uniji približno 14 %.
Downward trends are reported by Bulgaria, the Czech Republic and Slovenia (32).
V tem obdobju osem držav poroča o splošnem zmanjšanju števila kaznivih dejanj, povezanih s ponudbo, osem držav pa poroča o njegovem povečanju (30).
Between 2002 and 2007, the number of drug law offences related to use increased in most reporting countries, with only Bulgaria, Greece, the Netherlands and Slovenia reporting a decline across the period (29
Podatki kažejo trende naraščanja v vseh državah poročevalkah, razen v Bolgariji, na Češkem, Grčiji, Luksemburgu, na Madžarskem in v Sloveniji, kjer so bili trendi ustaljeni, ali pa je bilo v tem obdobju opaženo splošno upadanje (26).
In the European Union, overall, offences related to cocaine increased by about 59 % over the same
Konoplja je še vedno tista prepovedana droga, ki je bila najpogosteje predmet prijavljenih kršitev zakonov
Overall, the number of drug law offences related to use in the European Union increased by an estimated 32 % between 2002 and 2007.
V primerjavi s prejšnjimi leti ni bilo nobene pomembne spremembe razmerja med kaznivimi dejanji, povezanimi z uporabo drog, in kaznivimi dejanji, povezanimi z njihovo o drogah v Evropi (31). V večini evropskih držav so
26) See Figure DLO-1 and Table DLO-1 in the 2009 statistical bulletin.27) See Table DLO-2 in the 2009 statistical bulletin.
Glej prikaz DLO-1 in preglednico DLO-1 v Statističnem biltenu 2009.) Glej preglednico DLO-2 v Statističnem biltenu 2009.)
) See the ‘Country overviews’ for the Czech Republic and the Netherlands on the EMCDDA website (http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/country-overviews).
Glej „Pregled držav“ za Češko in Nizozemsko na spletni strani EMCDDA (http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/country-overviews). )
29 ) See Figure DLO-1 and Table DLO-4 in the 2009 statistical bulletin.30) See Figure DLO-1 and Table DLO-5 in the 2009 statistical bulletin.
Glej prikaz DLO-1 in preglednico DLO-4 v Statističnem biltenu 2009.)
31) See Table DLO-3 in the 2009 statistical bulletin.32) See Figure DLO-3 and Table DLO-6 in the 2009 statistical bulletin.
Glej prikaz DLO-1 in preglednico DLO-5 v Statističnem biltenu 2009.)
33) See Figure DLO-3 and Table DLO-8 in the 2009 statistical bulletin.
Glej preglednico DLO-3 v Statističnem biltenu 2009.
Annual report 2009: the state of the drugs problem in Europe
Letno poročilo 2009: stanje na področju problematike drog v Evropi poročevalkah, razen v Bolgariji in Nemčiji.
Health and social responses in prison
Na splošno se je v istem obdobju število kršitev, povezanih s kokainom, v Evropski uniji povečalo za približno 59 % (33).
The downward trend in heroin-related offences in the European Union noted in previous reports now appears to have ceased, and an increase of about 7 % has been observed for the period 2002–07.
s konopljo povezane kršitve predstavljale od 55 do 85 % vseh prijavljenih kršitev zakonov o drogah leta 2007.
However, national trends have been diverging, and the upward trend is mainly due to increases during the last 2 years in Belgium, Greece, Spain, France, Poland and Portugal, and a stabilisation in Germany and Austria (34).
V samo dveh državah število kršitev, povezanih z drugimi drogami, presega število kršitev, povezanih s konopljo: Litva, heroin (26 %), in Češka, metamfetamin (59 %). V Latviji so med kršitvami zakonov o drogah enakomerno zastopani konoplja, heroin in ekstazi.
On a given day, there are over 600 000 people in prison in the European Union (36), giving an average imprisonment rate of about 120 prisoners per 100 000 population.
Zdi se, da se je trend upadanja kršitev zakonov o drogah, povezanih s heroinom, v Evropski uniji, ugotovljen v prejšnjih poročilih, ustavil, v obdobju 2002–2007 pa je bilo opaženo približno 7-odstotno povečanje.
National prison population rates range from 65 to 320 prisoners per 100 000 population with most Member States from central and eastern Europe reporting higher than average rates. Nevertheless, the national figures, and the EU-average, remain considerably below the rates reported from Russia (629) and the
Vendar pa se nacionalni trendi v tem obdobju razhajajo, trend naraščanja pa je v glavnem posledica povečanj v zadnjih dveh letih v Belgiji, Grčiji, Španiji, Franciji, na Poljskem in Portugalskem, ter ustalitve v Nemčiji in Avstriji (34).
The number of offences related to amphetamines reported in the European Union continues to show an upward trend, with an estimated increase of 59 % between 2002 and 2007.
V petletnem obdobju od leta 2002 do 2007 se je število kršitev zakonov o drogah, povezanih s konopljo, v večini držav poročevalk povečalo ali pa ostalo na enaki ravni, kar je v Evropski uniji po ocenah povzročilo povečanje za 23 %.
Ecstasy-related offences, in contrast, have decreased
Bolgarija, Češka in Slovenija poročajo o trendu zmanjševanja (32).
Prisoners convicted of drug law offences make up somewhere between 10 % and 30 % of the prison by an estimated 22 % over the same period (35
Število kršitev, povezanih s kokainom, se je v obdobju med letoma 2002 in 2007 povečalo v vseh državah
Figure 2: Offence type in reports for drug law offences in Europe
Prikaz 2: Vrsta kršitev v poročilih o kršitvah zakonov o drogah v Evropi
Czech Republic
Češka Danska
Use-related offences
Druge kršitve
Supply-related offences
Kršitve, povezane z uživanjem drog
Use and supply-related offences
Kršitve, povezane s ponudbo drog
Other types of offences
Kršitve, povezane z uživanjem in ponudbo drog
NB: For further information, see Figure DLO-2 in the 2009 statistical bulletin.Sources: Reitox national focal points.
) Glej prikaz DLO-3 in preglednico DLO-6 v Statističnem biltenu 2009. )
34) See Figure DLO-3 and Table DLO-7 in the 2009 statistical bulletin.35) See Figure DLO-3 in the 2009 statistical bulletin.36) Data on prisons in Europe are available from the Council of Europe at: http://www.coe.int/t/e/legal_affairs/legal_co-operation/prisons_and_ alternatives/Statistics_SPACE_I/List_Space_I.asp) Source: http://www.kcl.ac.uk/depsta/law/research/icps/worldbrief for figures for Russia and the United States of America.
Glej prikaz DLO-3 in preglednico DLO-8 v Statističnem biltenu 2009.) Glej prikaz DLO-3 in preglednico DLO-7 v Statističnem biltenu 2009.
Chapter 2: Responding to drug problems in Europe — an overview
Poglavje 2: Odzivi na problematiko drog v Evropi – pregled po ocenah povečanje 59-odstotno.
41), related harm associated with drug dependence ( and the new EU drug action plan (2009–12) calls for its implementation.
Študije, ki se izvajajo od leta 2002, kažejo, da je od 1 do 50 % zapornikov užilo drogo v zaporu, do 27 % zapornikov pa je poročalo o redni zmanjšale za 22 % (35
Although the total numbers are low, the rate of drug law offenders among sentenced prisoners has increased over the past years in several central and east European Member States.
Zdravstveni in socialni odzivi v zaporu iz šestih nemških zaporov, je bilo ugotovljeno, da si jih je 22 % drogo vbrizgavalo, študije v štirih drugih državah
Drug use in prison populations
V Evropski uniji je vsak dan v zaporu več kot 600 000 ljudi (36
The provision of health care services to prisoners is now receiving more attention from national policymakers, and there are signs that EU Member States are improving the services they offer to prisoners.
), kar pomeni povprečni delež pa so poročale o stopnjah 10 % ali več (40).
For example, several countries now report the existence of national prison health policies and programmes.
Zdi se, da injicirajoči uživalci drog v zaporih souporabljajo opremo za vbrizgavanje pogosteje od tistih, ki niso v zaporu.
In addition, prisons must face the challenges posed by the specific health care needs of drug users, such as blood-borne infectious diseases and co-morbid psychiatric problems.
To sproža vprašanja o morebitnem širjenju nalezljivih bolezni med zaporniško populacijo.
Assistance to drug users in prison
Zdravje v zaporih v Evropi zapornih kazni 120 zapornikov na 100 000 prebivalcev.
Data from several studies carried out from 2002 onwards, mostly in western Europe, show that between a third and half of those surveyed reported regular use of an illicit drug prior to imprisonment.
Nacionalne stopnje prebivalstva v zaporih znašajo od 65 do 320 zapornikov na 100 000 prebivalcev, pri čemer večina držav iz srednje in vzhodne Evrope poroča o stopnjah, ki so višje od povprečnih.
Studies also indicate that the most harmful forms of drug-use may be concentrated among prisoners, with between a fifth and a third of those surveyed reporting to have ever injected drugs (38).
Kljub temu nacionalne številke in povprečje EU ostajajo precej pod stopnjama, o katerih poročata Rusija (629) in ZDA (756) (37).
Services offered to prisoners in European countries include: information on drugs and health; screening for infectious diseases and vaccination; treatment for drug dependence, including detoxification, substitution treatment and drug-free approaches; preparation for release.
Zaporniki so upravičeni do enake ravni zdravstvene oskrbe kot osebe, ki živijo v skupnosti, torej bi morale zaporniške zdravstvene službe zagotavljati zdravljenje za težave v zvezi z uporabo drog v razmerah, ki so primerljive s tistimi zunaj zapora (CPT, 2006; SZO, 2007).
Examples of the continued expansion of services to prisoners include the introduction of substitution treatment in prisons in the Czech Republic, Poland and Sweden, a drug-free treatment programme in Cyprus and the extension of the Danish ‘treatment guarantee’ (to provide access to drug treatment within two weeks of request) to prisons.
To splošno načelo enakosti je v Evropski uniji sprejeto v Priporočilu Sveta z dne 18. junija 2003 o preprečevanju škode za zdravje zaradi odvisnosti od drog (41), novi Akcijski načrt EU za boj proti drogam (2009–2012) pa poziva k njegovemu izvajanju.
On admission to prison, most users reduce or stop consuming drugs, mainly due to problems in acquiring the substances.
Zapornikov, obtoženih kršitev zakonov o drogah, je v večini držav EU približno med 10 in 30 % celotne zaporniške populacije.
However, the fact that illicit drugs find their way into most prisons, despite all the measures being taken to reduce their supply, is recognised by both prison experts and policymakers in Europe.
Neznan delež drugih je obsojenih zaradi premoženjskih kaznivih dejanj, storjenih za zadovoljitev odvisnosti od drog, ali drugih kaznivih dejanj, povezanih z drogami.
Studies carried out since 2002 show that between 1 % and 50 % of inmates report having used drugs within prison, and that up to 27 % report regular use while incarcerated (39).
Čeprav so skupne številke nizke, se je delež kršilcev zakonov o drogah med obsojenimi zaporniki v zadnjih letih povečal v številnih srednje- in vzhodnoevropskih državah članicah.
A study of 1 457 prisoners, from six German prisons, found that 22 % had injected drugs in prison, while studies in four other countries reported rates of 10 % or more (40).
Nacionalni oblikovalci politik so začeli namenjati več pozornosti zagotavljanju zdravstvenih storitev v zaporih in kaže, da države članice EU izboljšujejo storitve, ki jih ponujajo zapornikom.
Injecting drug users in custody appear to share their equipment more often compared to users not in prison.
Tako več držav poroča o obstoju nacionalnih politik in programov o zdravju v zaporih.
This raises issues around the potential spread of infectious diseases among the prison population.
V zaporih se poleg tega spoprijemajo z izzivi, ki jih povzročajo posebne zdravstvene potrebe uporabnikov drog, kot so nalezljive bolezni, ki se prenašajo s krvjo, in hkratne duševne težave.
Prison health in Europe
Pomoč uporabnikom drog v zaporu
The continuation of substitution treatment when imprisoned is approved in official regulations of 26 countries, but not used in five of them, while initiation of this type of treatment in prison is approved in 21 countries.
Opredelitve, raziskovalna vprašanja in metodologija, ki se uporabljajo v študijah o uporabi droge v zaporih (Vandam, 2009; Generalni direktorat za zdravje in potrošnike, 2008a), še vedno niso dovolj standardizirani, čeprav obstoječe študije kažejo, da je uporaba drog bolj razširjena med zaporniki kot med širšim prebivalstvom.
According to expert ratings, however, there are differences in the provision of this intervention.
Podatki iz več študij, opravljenih od leta 2002 predvsem v zahodni Evropi, kažejo, da je od tretjine do polovice tistih, ki so sodelovali v raziskavi, poročalo o redni uporabi prepovedane droge pred prestajanjem zaporne kazni.
Substitution treatment is available in almost all prisons in nine countries, and in more than half of the prisons in a further four.
Študije prav tako kažejo, da so lahko med zaporniki razširjene najbolj škodljive oblike uporabe drog, saj od petine do tretjine tistih, ki so sodelovali v raziskavi, poroča, da si je drogo že kdaj vbrizgala (38).
In the Czech Republic, France, Germany and the United Kingdom, it is estimated that substitution treatment is provided in less than half of the prisons, and in Hungary, Poland, Finland and Sweden only in a few prisons.
Ob prihodu v zapor večina uporabnikov drog uživanje zmanjša ali preneha z njim, predvsem zaradi oteženega dostopa do drog.
Finally, in nine countries (Bulgaria, Estonia, Greece, Cyprus, Lithuania, Latvia, Slovakia, Romania, Turkey) this type of treatment is not available in prison, though preparations to introduce it are under way in Bulgaria and Romania, and legal changes are under discussion in Latvia.
Strokovnjaki za zapore in oblikovalci politik v Evropi priznavajo, da so kljub vsem ukrepom, sprejetim za zmanjševanje dostopnosti, droge na voljo
Prisoners are entitled to the same level of medical care as persons living in the community, and prison health services should be able to provide treatment for problems related to drug use in conditions comparable to those offered outside prison (CPT, 2006; WHO, 2007).
Storitve, ki se zagotavljajo zapornikom v Evropi, vključujejo: informacije o drogah in zdravju, preglede zaradi nalezljivih bolezni in cepljenje, zdravljenje odvisnosti od drog, vključno z razstrupljanjem, nadomestno zdravljenje in pristope brez drog ter priprave na izpustitev.
This general principle of equivalence is recognised in the European Union through the Council Recommendation of 18 June 2003 on the prevention and reduction of health-
Med primeri nepretrganega razširjanja storitev na zaporniško populacijo so uvedba
38) See Tables DUP-105 and DUP-2 in the 2009 statistical bulletin.
Glej preglednici DUP-105 in DUP-2 v Statističnem biltenu 2009.)
39) See Table DUP-3 in the 2009 statistical bulletin.40) See Table DUP-4 in the 2009 statistical bulletin.
Glej preglednico DUP-3 v Statističnem biltenu 2009.) Glej preglednico DUP-4 v Statističnem biltenu 2009.) UL L 165, 3.7.2003, str. 31.
Annual report 2009: the state of the drugs problem in Europe vaccination programmes, drug-specific health promotion training for prison staff, and advice and training on safer use, which are each reported to be provided in thirteen countries, though with varying levels of coverage.
Letno poročilo 2009: stanje na področju problematike drog v Evropi nadomestnega zdravljenja v zaporih na Češkem, Poljskem in Švedskem, program zdravljenja brez drog na Cipru in razširitev danskega „zagotovljenega zdravljenja“ (zagotovitve dostopa do zdravljenja odvisnosti od drog v dveh tednih po vložitvi zahteve) na zapore.
provision of this type of treatment in prison (42).
Testiranje za hepatitis C ob sprejemu v zapor je na voljo v 22 državah, vendar ne na Madžarskem, Poljskem in v Turčiji.