natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
In practice, most national central banks require additional collateral whenever the haircut-adjusted market value of the collateral pool falls below the total amount to be covered.2) In a pooling system, the notion of upper trigger amount is not relevant, since the counterparty will constantly target an excess amount of collateral provided in order to minimise operational transactions.
V praksi večina nacionalnih centralnih bank zahteva dodatno zavarovanje, kadar prilagojena tržna vrednost po odbitku v skladu finančnega premoženja za zavarovanje terjatev pade pod skupni znesek, ki zahteva kritje.5 V sistemu s skladom finančnega premoženja za zavarovanje terjatev pojem zgornje meje za poziv h kritju ni pomemben, saj si bo nasprotna stranka nenehno prizadevala za presežek zneska posojenega zavarovanja, da bi čim bolj zmanjšala transakcije v operaciji.
Assetbacked security (ABS): a debt instrument that is backed by a pool of ring-fenced financial assets (fixed or revolving) that convert into cash within a finite time period.
Avkcija ameriškega tipa: glej avkcija z različnimi obrestnimi merami.
Actual/360: the day-count convention applied for the calculation of interest on a credit, implying that the interest is calculated over the actual number of calendar days over which the credit is extended, on the basis of a 360-day year.
Avkcija s fiksno obrestno mero: avkcijski postopek, v katerem je obrestna mera opredeljena vnaprej s strani centralne banke in udeležene nasprotne stranke licitirajo denarni znesek posla, ki ga želijo skleniti po fiksni obrestni meri.
This day-count convention is applied in Eurosystem monetary policy operations.
Avkcija z enotno obrestno mero (avkcija nizozemskega tipa): avkcija, v kateri je dodelitvena obrestna mera (ali cena/swap točke), uporabljena za vse sprejete protiponudbe, enaka mejni obrestni meri.
Averaging provision: a provision allowing counterparties to fulfil their reserve requirements on the basis of their average reserve holdings over the maintenance period.
Avkcija z variabilno obrestno mero: avkcijski postopek, v katerem nasprotne stranke licitirajo tako denarni znesek posla, ki ga želijo skleniti s centralno banko, kot tudi obrestno mero, po kateri želijo posel skleniti.
The averaging provision contributes to the stabilisation of money market interest rates by giving institutions an incentive to smooth the effects of temporary liquidity fluctuations.
Avkcijski postopek: postopek, v katerem centralna banka povečuje ali umika likvidnost s trga na podlagi protiponudb, ki jih predložijo nasprotne stranke, ki pri tem tekmujejo druga z drugo.
The Eurosystem’s minimum reserve system provides for averaging.
Najbolj konkurenčne protiponudbe se sprejemajo prednostno, dokler se skupni znesek likvidnosti, ki ga centralna banka nudi ali umika, ne izčrpa.
Bilateral procedure: a procedure whereby the central bank deals directly with only one or a few counterparties, without making use of tender procedures.
Brezkuponska obveznica: vrednostni papir, ki v času do zapadlosti izplača samo en gotovinski priliv.
Bilateral procedures include operations executed through stock exchanges or market agents.
Za namen tega dokumenta se med brezkuponske obveznice uvrščajo vrednostni papirji, izdani z diskontom, in vrednostni papirji, pri katerih se plača en kupon ob zapadlosti.
Book-entry system: an accounting system that permits the transfer of securities and other financial assets without the physical movement of paper documents or certificates (e.g. the electronic transfer of securities).
Bonitetni okvir Eurosistema (ECAF): sklop postopkov, pravil in tehnik, ki zagotavljajo, da so izpolnjene zahteve Eurosistema glede visokih bonitetnih standardov za vse primerno finančno premoženje.
Central securities depository (CSD): an entity which holds and administers securities or other financial assets, holds the issuance accounts, and enables transactions to be processed by book entry.
Pri oceni bonitetnega standarda primernega finančnega premoženja Eurosistem upošteva informacije o bonitetni oceni iz bonitetnih sistemov, ki pripadajo enemu od štirih virov: zunanje bonitetne institucije (ECAI), interni bonitetni sistemi nacionalne centralne banke (ICAS), interni bonitetni sistemi nasprotnih strank (IRB) ali bonitetna orodja (RT) zunanjih ponudnikov.
Assets may exist either physically (but immobilised within the CSD) or in a dematerialised form (i.e. only as electronic records).
Za določitev minimalnih zahtev glede visokih bonitetnih standardov („bonitetni prag”) Eurosistem uporablja referenčno vrednost, ki je enaka bonitetni oceni „single A”.
Close links: a situation in which the counterparty is linked to an issuer/debtor/guarantor of debt instruments by reason of the fact that: (i) the counterparty owns 20% or more of the capital of the issuer/debtor/guarantor, or one or more undertakings in which the counterparty owns the majority of the capital own 20% or more of the capital of the issuer/debtor/guarantor, or the counterparty and one or more undertakings in which the counterparty owns the majority of the capital together own 20% or more of the capital of the issuer/debtor/guarantor; or (ii) the issuer/debtor/guarantor owns 20% or more of the capital of the counterparty, or one or more undertakings in which the issuer/debtor/guarantor owns the majority of the capital own 20% or more of the capital of the counterparty, or the issuer/debtor/guarantor and one or more undertakings in which the issuer/debtor/guarantor owns the majority of the capital together own 20% or more of the capital of the counterparty; or (iii) a third party owns both the majority of the capital of the counterparty and the majority of the capital of the issuer/debtor/guarantor, either directly, or indirectly through one or more undertakings in which that third party owns the majority of the capital.
Bonitetna orodja zunanjih ponudnikov (RT): vir bonitetne ocene, opredeljen v bonitetnem okviru Eurosistema (Eurosystem credit assessment framework, ECAF), ki obsega aplikacije zunanjih ponudnikov, ki se uporabljajo za ocenjevanje bonitete dolžnikov, pri čemer se poleg drugih
Glossary
Glosar informacij uporabljajo tudi revidirani računovodski izkazi.
Collateral pooling system: a central bank system for managing collateral, in which counterparties open a pool account to deposit assets collateralising their transactions with the central bank.
Cena povratnega nakupa: v zvezi s transakcijo na podlagi repo pogodbe, cena, po kateri se kupec zaveže ponovno prodati finančno premoženje prodajalcu.
In a pooling system, by contrast with an earmarking system, the underlying assets are not earmarked for individual transactions.
Cena povratnega nakupa je enaka seštevku nakupne cene in razlike v ceni, ki ustreza obrestim za posojeno likvidnost za obdobje do zapadlosti posla.
Correspondent banking: an arrangement under which one credit institution provides payment and other services to another credit institution.
Čezmejna poravnava: poravnava, ki se izvrši v državi, ki ni država lokacije ene ali obeh strank v poslu.
Payments through correspondents are often executed through reciprocal accounts (nostro and loro accounts) to which standing credit lines may be attached.
Datum zapadlosti: datum, na katerega se operacija denarne politike zaključi.
Correspondent banking services are primarily provided across international boundaries but are also known as agency relationships in some domestic contexts.
V primeru repo pogodbe ali valutne zamenjave je datum zapadlosti enak datumu povratnega nakupa.
A loro account is the term used by a correspondent to describe an account held on behalf of a foreign credit institution; the foreign credit institution would in turn regard this account as its nostro account.
Datum nakupa: datum, ko prodaja kupljenega finančnega premoženja s strani prodajalca kupcu postane veljavna.
Correspondent central banking model (CCBM): a mechanism established by the Eurosystem with the aim of enabling counterparties to use underlying assets in a crossborder context.
Datum povratnega nakupa: datum, na katerega je kupec dolžan ponovno prodati finančno premoženje prodajalcu v povezavi s transakcijo, ki je bila izvršena na podlagi repo pogodbe.
In the CCBM, national central banks act as custodians for one another.
Datum poravnave: datum, na katerega se transakcija poravna.
This means that each national central bank has a securities account in its securities administration for each of the other national central banks and the ECB. The CCBM is also available to counterparties of certain non-Eurosystem national central banks.
Do poravnave lahko pride na isti dan, kot se sklene posel (poravnava istega dne), ali en dan ali več dni po tem (datum poravnave je določen kot datum trgovanja (T) + zamik v poravnavi).
Counterparty: the opposite party in a financial transaction (e.g. any transaction with the central bank).
Datum pričetka: datum, na katerega se poravna prvi del operacije denarne politike.
Credit institution: an institution covered by the definition contained in Article 4(1) of Directive 2006/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2006 relating to the taking up and pursuit of the business of credit institutions (recast).
Datum trgovanja (T): datum, na katerega se sklene posel (tj. pogodba o finančni transakciji med dvema nasprotnima strankama).
Thus, a credit institution is: (i) an undertaking whose business is to receive deposits or other repayable funds from the public and to grant credit for its own account, or (ii) an undertaking or any other legal person, other than those under (i), which issues means of payment in the form of electronic money.
Datum trgovanja lahko sovpada z datumom poravnave transakcije (poravnava na isti dan) ali pa je določeno število delovnih dni pred datumom poravnave (datum poravnave je opredeljen kot T + zamik v poravnavi).
Crossborder settlement: a settlement which takes place in a country other than the country or countries in which one or both of the parties to the trade are located.
Datum vrednotenja: datum, na katerega se vrednoti finančno premoženje za zavarovanje terjatev iz naslova posojilnih poslov.
Currency hedge transaction: an agreement entered into between the issuer and a hedge counterparty, pursuant to which a portion of the currency risk arising from the receipt of cash flows in non-euro currency is mitigated by swapping the cash flows for euro currency payments to be made by the hedge counterparty, including any guarantee by the hedge counterparty of those payments.
Dejansko število dni/360 dni v letu: konvencija o štetju dni, ki se uporablja za izračun obresti na posojilo, po kateri se obresti izračunajo glede na dejansko število koledarskih dni, za katere je kredit odobren, in ob predpostavki leta, ki ima 360 dni. Ta konvencija o štetju dni se uporablja pri operacijah denarne politike Eurosistema.
Custodian: an entity which undertakes the safekeeping and administration of securities and other financial assets on behalf of others.
Delovni dan Eurosistema: kateri koli dan, na katerega sta ECB in najmanj ena nacionalna centralna banka odprti za namen izvajanja operacij denarne politike Eurosistema.
Default event: an event referred to in the Eurosystem credit assessment framework (ECAF) that is covered by the definition contained in the Directive 2006/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2006 relating to the taking up and pursuit of the business of credit institutions (recast) and Directive 2006/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2006 on the capital adequacy of investment firms and credit institutions (recast) (together referred to as the “Capital Requirements Directive” (CRD)).
Delovni dan NCB: vsak dan, ko je nacionalna centralna banka določene države članice odprta za potrebe izvajanja operacij denarne politike Eurosistema. V nekaterih državah članicah so podružnice nacionalne centralne banke zaradi lokalnih ali regionalnih praznikov na delovni dan NCB lahko zaprte.
Thus, a default event occurs when “(a) the credit institution considers that the obligor is unlikely to pay its credit obligations to the credit institution, the parent undertaking or any of its subsidiaries in full, without recourse by the credit institution to actions such as realising security (if held),” and/or “(b) the obligor is past due more than 90 days on any material credit obligation to the credit institution, the parent undertaking or any of its subsidiaries.”
V teh primerih je zadevna nacionalna centralna banka odgovorna, da vnaprej obvesti nasprotne stranke o postopkih za transakcije, ki vključujejo te podružnice.
Delivery-versus-payment or delivery-against-payment system: a mechanism in an exchange-for-value settlement system which ensures that the final transfer of assets (securities or other financial instruments) occurs if, and only if, the final transfer of another asset (or other assets) occurs.
Dematerializacija: odstranitev fizičnih potrdil ali dokumentov o lastninski pravici, ki predstavljajo lastništvo nad finančnim premoženjem, tako da finančno premoženje obstaja samo kot računovodska evidenca.
Dematerialisation: the elimination of physical certificates or documents of title which represent ownership of financial assets, so that the financial assets exist only as accounting records.
Depozitar: posrednik, čigar osnovna vloga je vodenje evidence vrednostnih papirjev bodisi fizično bodisi elektronsko in vodenje evidence lastništva nad temi vrednostnimi papirji.
Depository: an agent with the primary role of recording securities either physically or electronically and keeping records of the ownership of these securities.
V skladu s temi dokumenti dogodek neplačila nastopi, če „(a) kreditna institucija meni, da obstaja majhna verjetnost, da bo dolžnik v celoti poravnal svoje kreditne obveznosti do kreditne institucije, njene nadrejene družbe ali katerekoli njej podrejene družbe, ne da bi kreditna institucija za poplačilo uporabila ukrepe, kot so unovčenje zavarovanja (če obstaja)” in/ali „(b) dolžnik več kakor 90 dni zamuja s plačilom katere koli bistvene kreditne obveznosti do kreditne institucije, njene nadrejene družbe ali katerekoli njej podrejene družbe”.
Deposits redeemable at notice: the instrument category consisting of deposits for which the holder has to respect a fixed period of notice before being able to withdraw the funds.
Določba o povprečenju: določba, ki nasprotnim strankam dovoljuje, da svoje obvezne rezerve izpolnjujejo na podlagi povprečnih rezervnih imetij v obdobju izpolnjevanja obveznih rezerv.
In some cases, there is the possibility of withdrawing a certain fixed amount in a specific period or of earlier withdrawal subject to the payment of a penalty.
Določba o povprečenju prispeva k stabilizaciji obrestnih mer denarnega trga s tem, da institucije spodbuja k izravnavi učinkov začasnih nihanj likvidnosti.
This category also encompasses some nonmarketable debt instruments, such as nonmarketable (retail) certificates of deposit.
Dokončna transakcija: transakcija, s katero se finančno premoženje kupi ali proda (promptno ali terminsko) do njegove zapadlosti.
Dutch auction: see single rate auction.
Dokončni prenos: nepreklicni in brezpogojni prenos, ki pomeni razbremenitev obveznosti za izvršitev prenosa.
Earmarking system: a system for central banks’ collateral management where liquidity is provided against assets earmarked for each individual transaction.
Država članica: pomeni v tem dokumentu državo članico EU, ki je uvedla enotno valuto v skladu s Pogodbo.
EEA (European Economic Area) countries: the EU Member States and Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway.
Države EGP (Evropskega gospodarskega prostora): države članice EU ter Islandija, Liechtenstein in Norveška.
Electronic money: the monetary value as represented by a claim on the issuer which is: (a) stored on an electronic device, (b) issued on receipt of funds of an amount not lower in value than the monetary value issued, and (c) accepted as a means of payment by undertakings other than the issuer.
Dvostranski postopek: postopek, v katerem centralna banka sklene posel neposredno samo z eno ali nekaj nasprotnimi strankami, brez uporabe avkcijskih postopkov. Dvostranski postopki zajemajo operacije, ki se izvedejo prek borz vrednostnih papirjev ali prek tržnih posrednikov.
Euro area: the area encompassing the EU Member States which have adopted the euro as their single currency in accordance with the Treaty and in which a single monetary policy is conducted under the responsibility of the Governing Council of the ECB.
Euroobmočje: območje, ki zajema države članice EU, ki so sprejele euro za svojo enotno valuto v skladu s Pogodbo in v katerih se izvaja enotna denarna politika, za katero je odgovoren Svet ECB.
It should be noted that the national central banks of those Member States which have not adopted the single currency in accordance with the Treaty retain their powers in the field of monetary policy according to national law and are thus not involved in the conduct of the monetary policy of the Eurosystem.
Opozoriti je treba, da nacionalne centralne banke tistih držav članic, ki niso uvedle enotne valute v skladu s Pogodbo, obdržijo svoja pooblastila na področju denarne politike v skladu z nacionalnim pravom in torej niso vključene v izvajanje denarne politike Eurosistema.
Eurosystem: the European Central Bank (ECB) and the national central banks of the Member States of the euro area.
Eurosistem: obsega Evropsko centralno banko (ECB) in nacionalne centralne banke držav članic euroobmočja.
The decision-making bodies of the Eurosystem are the Governing Council and the Executive Board of the ECB.
Organa odločanja Eurosistema sta Svet in Izvršilni odbor ECB.
Eurosystem business day: any day on which the ECB and at least one national central bank are open for the purpose of conducting Eurosystem monetary policy operations.
Gibljivo kritje (dnevno vrednotenje po tržnih cenah): Eurosistem zahteva, da finančno premoženje za zavarovanje terjatev iz povratnih transakcij, s katerimi Eurosistem zagotavlja likvidnost, skozi čas vzdržuje določeno vrednost.
Eurosystem credit assessment framework (ECAF): the set of procedures, rules and techniques that ensures that the Eurosystem’s requirement of high credit standards for all eligible assets is met.
To pomeni, da morajo, če redno merjena tržna vrednost finančnega premoženja za zavarovanje terjatev pade pod določeno raven, nacionalne centralne banke zahtevati od nasprotnih strank, da te zagotovijo dodatno finančno premoženje ali denarna sredstva (tj. poziv h kritju).
In the establishment of high credit standards, the Eurosystem differentiates between marketable and nonmarketable assets.
Podobno, če vrednost finančnega premoženja za zavarovanje terjatev po njegovi ponovni ocenitvi presega določeno raven, lahko nasprotne stranke umaknejo presežno finančno premoženje ali denarna sredstva. Gl. tudi podpoglavje 6.4.
In addition, in the assessment of the credit standard, the Eurosystem takes into account institutional criteria and features that guarantee similar protection for the instrument holder such as guarantees.
Hitra avkcija: avkcijski postopek, ki ga uporablja Eurosistem za operacije finega uravnavanja, ko je zaželen hiter učinek operacije na likvidnostne razmere na trgu.
The Eurosystem’s benchmark for establishing its minimum requirement for high credit standards (credit quality threshold) is defined in terms of a “single A” credit assessment.
Hitre avkcije se navadno izvedejo v časovnem okviru 90 minut in navadno z omejenim krogom nasprotnih strank.
The Eurosystem considers a probability of default (PD) of 0.10% over a one-year horizon to be equivalent to a “single A” credit assessment.
Instrument s fiksno donosnostjo: finančni instrument, katerega kupon ostane nespremenjen skozi celotno življenjsko dobo instrumenta.
External credit assessment institution (ECAI): a credit quality assessment source provided for in the Eurosystem credit assessment framework (ECAF) that comprises those institutions whose credit assessments may be used by credit institutions for the determination of risk weight exposures according to the Capital Requirements Directive.
Instrument z obratno spremenljivo donosnostjo: vrednostni papir, pri katerem se obresti, ki se izplačajo imetniku vrednostnega papirja, spreminjajo v obratni smeri glede na spremembe določene referenčne obrestne mere.
Final transfer: an irrevocable and unconditional transfer which effects a discharge of the obligation to make the transfer.
Instrument z variabilno donosnostjo: finančni instrument, katerega kupon se periodično spremeni glede na referenčni indeks, ki odraža spremembe kratkoročnih ali srednjeročnih tržnih obrestnih mer.
Fine-tuning operation: a non-regular open market operation executed by the Eurosystem mainly in order to deal with unexpected liquidity fluctuations in the market.
Interni bonitetni sistem centralne banke (ICAS): bonitetni sistem, opredeljen v bonitetnem sistemu Eurosistema (Eurosystem credit assessment framework, ECAF), ki trenutno obsega štiri bonitetne sisteme, ki jih upravljajo Deutsche Bundesbank, Banco de España, Banque de France in Oesterreichische Nationalbank.
Fixed rate instrument: a financial instrument for which the coupon is fixed throughout the life of the instrument.
Interni bonitetni sistem nasprotne stranke (IRB): vir bonitetne ocene, opredeljen v bonitetnem okviru Eurosistema (Eurosystem credit assessment framework, ECAF), ki obsega interne sisteme tistih nasprotnih strank, katerih sistem dodeljevanja bonitetnih ocen se lahko uporabljajo za ugotavljanje uteži tveganosti v skladu z direktivo o kapitalskih zahtevah. Nasprotne stranke
Floating rate instruments have either pre-fixed coupons or post-fixed coupons.
morajo za te sisteme pridobiti formalno priznanje in opraviti postopek potrditve s strani nacionalnih nadzornikov.
Foreign exchange swap: the simultaneous spot purchase/sale and forward sale/purchase of one currency against another.
ISIN-koda: mednarodna identifikacijska koda, ki se dodeli vrednostnim papirjem, izdanim na finančnih trgih.
Gross settlement system: a transfer system in which the settlement of funds or the transfer of securities occurs on an instruction-by-instruction basis.
Izdajatelj: subjekt, ki je naveden kot dolžnik na vrednostnem papirju ali drugem finančnem instrumentu.
In-house credit assessment system (ICAS): a credit quality assessment source provided for in the Eurosystem credit assessment framework (ECAF) that currently comprises the four credit assessment systems operated by the Deutsche Bundesbank, the Banco de España, the Banque de France and the Oesterreichische Nationalbank.
Izklicna obrestna mera: najnižja/najvišja (v odvisnosti od vrste transakcije – povečevanje/zmanjševanje likvidnosti) obrestna mera, po kateri lahko nasprotne stranke predložijo protiponudbe na avkcijah z variabilno obrestno mero.
Initial margin: a risk control measure that may be applied by the Eurosystem in reverse transactions, implying that the collateral required for a transaction is equal to the credit extended to the counterparty plus the value of the initial margin.
Kolateraliziran vrednostni papir: dolžniški instrument, zavarovan s skladom namenskih finančnih naložb (fiksnih ali revolving), ki se pretvorijo v denar v končnem časovnem obdobju.
Internal ratingsbased (IRB) system: a credit quality assessment source provided for in the Eurosystem credit assessment framework (ECAF) that comprises the internal systems of those counterparties whose credit assessments may be used by credit institutions for the determination of risk weight exposures according to the Capital Requirements Directive.
Poleg tega lahko obstajajo pravice ali druge naložbe, ki zagotavljajo servisiranje ali pravočasno razdelitev donosov imetnikom tega vrednostnega papirja. Na splošno kolateralizirane vrednostne papirje izdajajo posebej za to oblikovani investicijski subjekti, ki so pridobili sklad finančnih naložb od izdajatelja ali prodajalca.