natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Last, in its order in Drax Power and Others v Commission (32
Kljub znižanju zaradi navedenega zastaranja je končni znesek, ki ga je določilo Sodišče prve stopnje, znašal 35,024 milijona eurov, kar je 54.000 eurov več od globe, ki jo je Komisija naložila družbi BASF.
Commission decision rejecting the proposal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to amend its provisional NAP with a view to increasing the total denitive quantity of allowances to be allocated did not directly aect the applicant.
V sodbi Coats Holdings in Coats proti Komisiji40je Sodišče prve stopnje menilo, da je bila vloga tožeče stranke v bistvu zgolj pospeševanje uveljavitve okvirnega omejevalnega sporazuma.
Application of Article 81(3) EC
Odgovornost za kršitveno ravnanje
On an action contesting the legality of an exemption decision adopted under Regulation
Sodišče prve stopnje je v sodbi Akzo Nobel in drugi proti Komisiji41 poudarilo, da lahko Komisija odločbo o naložitvi glob naslovi na matično družbo iz skupine družb na podlagi dejstva, da obe tvorita eno samo podjetje v smislu člena 81 ES, ne pa na podlagi nagovarjanja h kršitvi med matično in hčerinsko družbo ali celo vpletenosti prve v navedeno kršitev.
No 17 (33), which imposed burdens on the beneciary of the exemption, the Court held in Duales System Deutschland v Commission (34) that a commitment put forward during the administrative procedure to address the concerns voiced by the Commission has the eect of clarifying the content of the agreements notied for the purposes of obtaining negative clearance or an exemption under Article 81 EC, by showing the Commission the way in
V posebnem primeru, kadar ima matična družba v lasti ves kapital svoje hčerinske družbe kršiteljice, je podana preprosta domneva, da navedena matična družba odločilno vpliva na ravnanje hčerinske družbe.
Order of 1 October 2007 in Case T-27/07 (on appeal, Case C-6/08 P).
Matična družba mora ovreči to domnevo, s tem da predloži Sodišču prve stopnje v presojo vse dokaze o organizacijskih, gospodarskih in pravnih povezavah s hčerinsko družbo, da bi dokazala, da nista enoten gospodarski subjekt.
Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 2003 establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community and amending Council Directive 96/61/EC (OJ 2003 L 275, p. 32).
Sporočilo Komisije z dne 18. julija 1996 o nenalaganju ali zniževanju glob v kartelnih zadevah (UL 1996, C 207, str. 4).
Council Regulation No 17 of 6 February 1962: First Regulation implementing Articles [81 EC] and [82 EC] (OJ, English Special Edition 1959-62, p. 87).
Sodba Sodišča prve stopnje z dne 12. septembra 2007 (T-36/05) (v pritožbenem postopku, C-468/07 P).
Judgment of 24 May 2007 in Case T-289/01.
Sodba Sodišča prve stopnje z dne 12. decembra 2007 (T-112/05).
Proceedings which that undertaking intends to act in the future.
Dejavnost
Such a denition is likely to deprive the concept of a single and continuous infringement of a part of its meaning, since it would have the consequence that dierent types of conduct which relate to a particular economic sector and are prohibited by Article 81 EC would have to be systematically characterised as constituent elements of a single infringement.
Dejavnost Sodišča prve stopnje je bila letos zaznamovana z zadevo, v kateri je bila izdana sodba Microsoft proti Komisiji42, ki jo je razglasil veliki senat in s katero je bila zavrnjena tožba za razglasitev ničnosti odločbe Komisije43.
As regards the cartels at issue, the Court found that the global arrangements and the European arrangements were not applied at the same time, pursued dierent objectives and were implemented by dissimilar methods and that the Commission had not demonstrated that the European producers intended to adhere to the global arrangements in order subsequently to divide the European Economic Area market.
Poleg globe več kot 497 milijonov eurov je Komisija družbi Microsoft naložila, da naj odpravi ugotovljeni zlorabi, s tem da razkrije nujne informacije o interoperabilnosti podjetjem, ki želijo razvijati in distribuirati operacijske sisteme za strežnike delovnih skupin, in da ponudi v prodajo različico operacijskega sistema Windows PC, ki ne vsebuje programa Windows Media Player.
Accordingly, the global arrangements and the European arrangements constituted two separate infringements.
Da bi pomagal Komisiji pri nadziranju upoštevanja korektivnih ukrepov, je bil v odločbi določen mehanizem spremljanja, ki zajema imenovanje neodvisnega pooblaščenca.
Since the infringement consisting in participation in the global market was time-barred, the Court annulled the contested decision in so far as it imposed a ne on the applicants on account of their participation in that cartel.
Sodišče prve stopnje je zavrglo vse zahteve tožeče stranke glede zlorab prevladujočega položaja, ki jih je ugotovila Komisija, ter korektivnih ukrepov in naloženih glob, vendar pa je za nične razglasilo določbe o neodvisnem pooblaščencu.
It follows from Prym and Prym Consumer v Commission (36) that the obligation to dene the relevant market in a decision adopted pursuant to Article 81 EC applies to the Commission only when, in such a denition, it is not possible to determine whether the cartel is capable of aecting trade between Member States and has an anticompetitive object or eect.
Sodišče prve stopnje je ob sklicevanju na sodno prakso Sodišča44 poudarilo, da lahko imetnik lastninske pravice le v izjemnih okoliščinah z uresničevanjem izključne pravice povzroči tako zlorabo, in sicer, prvič, kadar se zavrnitev nanaša na proizvod ali storitev, ki je nepogrešljiva za izvajanje dane dejavnosti na sosednjem trgu, drugič, kadar se z zavrnitvijo lahko izključi vsakršno učinkovito konkurenco na sosednjem trgu, tretjič, kadar zavrnitev pomeni oviro za pojav novega proizvoda, za katerega obstaja potencialno povpraševanje potrošnikov in, nazadnje, kadar ta zavrnitev ni objektivno upravičena.
Where the agreement has as its object the division of the product markets and the geographic market the Commission is under no obligation to dene the market for the purposes of the application of Article 81 EC. Nonetheless, where the
Ob ugotavljanju, ali so bile te okoliščine v obravnavanem primeru izpolnjene, je Sodišče prve stopnje presodilo, da Komisija ni storila očitne napake pri presoji, s tem da je menila, prvič, da morajo biti konkurenčni operacijski sistemi, da bi bili lahko ekonomsko konkurenčni operacijskim sistemom Windows za strežnike delovnih skupin, sposobni interoperirati z arhitekturo domeneWindows enako kot s sistemiWindows, drugič, da se je
Judgments of 12 December 2007 in Case T-101/05 BASF and UCB v Commission and Case T-111/05 UCB v Commission.
Odločba Komisije 2007/53/ES z dne 24. maja 2004 v zvezi s postopkom na podlagi člena 82 Pogodbe ES in člena 54 Sporazuma EGP proti Microsoft Corp. (zadeva št. COMP/C-3/37.792 – Microsoft) (UL 2007, L 32, str. 23).
Court of First Instance operative part of a decision does not merely make a finding of infringement, but also imposes a fine, the findings of fact relating to the relevant market are relevant. According to the guidelines on setting fines (37
Sodišče prve stopnje z razvojem trga pokazalo tveganje odprave konkurence na trgu operacijskih sistemov za strežnike delovnih skupin in, tretjič, da je zavrnitev, ki se očita družbi Microsoft, omejevala tehnični razvoj v škodo potrošnikov v smislu člena 82, drugi pododstavek, (b) ES ter da je bil zato v obravnavanem primeru prisoten pojav novega proizvoda.
), the assessment of the gravity of the infringement must take account of its actual impact on the market, where this can be measured, and also of the eective actual economic capacity of oenders to cause signicant damage to other operators. The assessment of those factors requires a determination of the size of the markets and of the market shares held by the undertakings concerned.
Sodišče prve stopnje opozarja, da Microsoft ni dokazal obstoja nikakršne objektivne utemeljitve svoje zavrnitve razkritja zadevnih informacij o interoperabilnosti in ni zadostno dokazal, da bi imelo razkritje teh informacij velik negativni učinek na njegove spodbude za uvajanje inovacij.
However, as the infringement had as its object the sharing of the product markets and the geographic market, which is characterised as ‘very serious’ by the guidelines, the Court considered that the absence of reasoning relating to market denition could not, in this case, lead to the cancellation or reduction of the fine, it being noted that the Commission had chosen the minimum starting amount provided for in the guidelines for such an infringement.
Drugič, Sodišče prve stopnje je glede zlorabe zaradi vezane prodaje operacijskega sistema Windows za osebne računalnike in predvajalnika Windows Media Player menilo, da je bila analiza sestavin vezane prodaje, ki jo je opravila Komisija, skladna s členom 82 ES in s sodno prakso45, pri tem pa je opozorilo, da za te sestavine velja: prvič, zavezujoči in vezani proizvod sta dva ločena proizvoda, drugič, zadevno podjetje ima prevladujoči položaj na trgu zavezujočega proizvoda, tretjič, navedeno podjetje potrošnikom ne daje možnosti, da dobijo zavezujoči proizvod brez vezanega proizvoda, in četrtič, zadevna praksa omejuje konkurenco.
In Bolloré and Others v Commission (38) the Court exercised its unlimited jurisdiction in two aspects.
Tretjič, Sodišče prve stopnje je glede mehanizma spremljanja, ki zajema imenovanje neodvisnega pooblaščenca, presodilo, da odločba nima pravne podlage v Uredbi št. 1746 in torej presega preiskovalna in izvedbena pooblastila Komisije.
In the first place, observing that whilst the fact that an undertaking has not taken part in all aspects of an anticompetitive scheme is not material to the establishment of the existence of the infringement, such a factor must be taken into consideration when the gravity of the infringement is assessed and if and when the ne is determined, the Court reduced by 15 % the final amount of the ne imposed on one of the undertakings, on the ground that the Commission had failed to demonstrate that that undertaking’s non-participatation in the market-sharing practices had not been taken into account in respect of all the parameters which led to the determination of the final amount of the ne imposed on it.
Ocenilo je, da je Komisija z vzpostavitvijo takega mehanizma, ki je dal pooblaščencu časovno neomejeno pooblastilo, da neodvisno od Komisije dostopa do Microsoftovih pomoči, informacij, dokumentov, prostorov in zaposlenih ter izvorne kode njegovih upoštevnih proizvodov, in ki je dal temu pooblaščencu možnost, da ukrepa na lastno pobudo ali na predlog tretjih, presegla položaj, v katerem imenuje svojega zunanjega izvedenca, da ji med preiskavo svetuje, in je prenesla pristojnosti, ki jih lahko izvaja le ona.
In the second place, when reducing the ne for cooperation, the Court considered that even if, unlike the undertaking AWA, the undertaking Mougeot had provided documents dating back to the material time and if, on certain points, its statements were more detailed, the information given by AWA related to a longer period and covered a wider geographical area, and held that the cooperation provided by those two undertakings was of similar quality. Consequently, the Court granted AWA the same reduction as had been given to Mougeot.
Komisija je prav tako presegla svoje pristojnosti, s tem da je družbi Microsoft naložila stroške, povezane s pooblaščencem, saj nobena določba Uredbe št. 17 ni pooblaščala Komisije, da podjetjem naloži stroške, ki jih je imela sama zaradi nadzora izvajanja korektivnih ukrepov.
Since the main evidence provided by BASF by way of cooperation related to the global arrangements, and since the infringement relating to those arrangements had been held to be time-barred, the Court considered that BASF could no longer benet from the reduction of 10 % which it had been granted under that head.
Glede naložene globe je Sodišče prve stopnje predvsem poudarilo, da obveznost obrazložitve ni pomenila, da bi se moralo navesti številčne podatke o globi ali da bi se moralo pri določitvi izhodiščne globe razlikovati med različnimi ugotovljenimi kršitvami.
Guidelines on the method of setting fines imposed pursuant to Article 15(2) of Regulation No 17 and Article 65(5) of the ECSC Treaty (OJ 1998 C 9, p. 3).
Sodišče prve stopnje je v zgoraj navedeni sodbi Ufex in drugi proti Komisiji opozorilo, da Komisija pri izvrševanju svoje diskrecijske pravice lahko odloči, da pritožbe ne bo obravnavala zaradi premajhnega interesa Skupnosti47, vendar pa tega ne sme storiti le z
Commission Notice of 18 July 1996 on the non-imposition or reduction of fines in cartel cases (OJ 1996 C 207, p. 4).
O pojmu interes skupnosti glej tudi sodbi Sodišča prve stopnje z dne 3. julija 2007 v zadevi Au lys de France proti Komisiji (T-458/04) in z dne 12. julija 2007 v zadevi AEPI proti Komisiji (T-229/05) (v pritožbenem postopku, C-425/07 P).
As the Court had considered that, owing to the nature of the infringement, the starting amount of the ne relating to the European arrangements must remain the same as that xed for all the arrangements, the fact that BASF had obtained a declaration that one of the two types of conduct in which it was found to have engaged could not attract a penalty because it was time-barred did not have the efect of reducing the amount of its ne.
Dejavnost utemeljitvijo, da je takšna praksa prenehala, ne da bi preverila, ali so se protikonkurenčni učinki ohranili in, po potrebi, ali je pritožba v interesu Skupnosti zaradi teže očitanih kršitev konkurence ali trajnosti njihovih posledic.
In eect, in spite of the reduction obtained by virtue of that time-bar, the final amount arrived at the the Court was EUR 35.024 million, or EUR 54 000 more than the amount of the ne imposed on BASF by the Commission.
Čeprav protikonkurenčni učinki ne obstajajo več, mora Komisija upoštevati trajanje in težo očitanih kršitev.
) the Court considered that the applicant’s role was essentially limited to facilitating the entry into force of the framework agreement of the cartel As its role was therefore closer to that of a mediator than to that of a full member of the cartel, the Court considered it appropriate to reduce the amount of the ne by 20 % in order to take account of those attenuating circumstances.
Poleg tega je Sodišče prve stopnje pri preučitvi pritožbe v zvezi z deljeno pristojnostjo Komisije in nacionalnih oblasti poudarilo, da subjektivna drža nacionalnih organov ali nacionalnih sodišč, v skladu s katero bi Komisija lažje obravnavala zadevo, ter obstoj sodelovanja med Komisijo in nacionalnim organom ne moreta ustvariti izključne pristojnosti Komisije ali predpostaviti njene odločitve o obstoju interesa Skupnosti.
Imputability of the unlawful conduct
Poleg tega Komisiji ni treba dati prednosti zadevi, če je nacionalno sodišče odložilo odločanje v pričakovanju njene odločitve.
In Akzo Nobel and Others v Commission (
Uporaba člena 82 ES za navzkrižne subvencije
) the Court emphasised that it was not because of a relationship between the parent company in instigating the infringement or, a fortiori, because the parent company was involved in the infringement, but because they constituted a single undertaking for the purposes of Article 81 EC that the Commission was able to address the decision imposing fines to the parent company of a group of companies.
Sodišče prve stopnje je v zgoraj navedeni sodbi Ufex in drugi proti Komisiji odločilo, da odločitev podjetja, ki ima prevladujoč položaj, da navzkrižne subvencije iz sektorja, v katerem ima zakonit monopol, dodeli v konkurenčno dejavnost svoje hčerinske družbe, sama po sebi ni zloraba prevladujočega položaja ne glede na politiko, ki ji sledita nekonkurenčni in konkurenčni sektor.
In the specic case of a parent company holding all of the capital of a subsidiary which has committed an infringement, there is a simple presumption that the parent company exercises decisive inuence over the conduct of its subsidiary.
Dejstvo, da je podjetju dodeljena izključna pravica, da bi se mu zagotovilo opravljanje storitve v splošnem gospodarskem interesu, ne nasprotuje temu, da ima to podjetje dobiček iz njemu pridržanih dejavnosti, in ga ne ovira pri širitvi dejavnosti na področja, ki mu niso pridržana.Vendar lahko pridobivanje lastniških deležev v podjetju in po analogiji dodeljevanje navzkrižnih subvencij povzročita težave zaradi pravil Skupnosti o konkurenci, kadar sredstva, ki jih uporabi podjetje s prevladujočim položajem na trgu, povzročijo pretirano visoke ali diskriminatorne cene ali druge zlorabe na pridržanem trgu.
It is for the parent company to rebut that presumption by placing before the Court any evidence relating to the organisational, economic and legal links between its subsidiary and itself in order to demonstrate that they do not constitute a single economic entity.
Prenizko fakturiranje storitev, ki jih podjetje s prevladujočim položajem opravi za svojo hčerinsko družbo, zato ni nujno ovira za konkurente, če hčerinska družba uporabi subvencije, zato da ustvari pomemben dobiček ali izplača višje dividende.
Points raised on the scope of Article 82 EC
Enako velja glede dejstva, da ta hčerinska družba prilagodi svoje cene cenam svojih konkurentov in ustvari zelo velik dobiček, če tako ravnanje ne vpliva na strankino izbiro ponudnika.
Microsoft v Commission
Zloraba prevladujočega položaja
The Court’s activity this year was marked by the case giving rise to the judgment in Microsoft v Commission (42), delivered by the Grand Chamber, which dismissed the essential part of the action for annulment of the Commission’s decision (43).
Sodišče prve stopnje je v sodbi Duales System Deutschland proti Komisiji (Der Grüne Punkt)48presodilo, da ravnanje podjetja za upravljanje sistema zbiranja in predelave odpadkov za celotno ozemlje, ki od podjetij, ki uporabljajo njegov sistem, zahteva plačilo embalažnine za celotno količino embalaž, ki so dane na trg z njegovim logotipom v Nemčiji, pomeni zlorabo prevladujočega položaja, če ta podjetja dokažejo, da za del embalaž ali vse ne uporabljajo tega sistema.
Judgment of 12 September 2007 in Case T-36/05 (on appeal, Case C-468/07 P).
Vendar to ne izključuje možnosti, da to podjetje naloži ustrezno embalažnino zgolj za uporabo znamke, če je dokazano, da je bila embalaža, označena z njegovim logotipom, zbrana in predelana v drugem sistemu. Namestitev logotipa je storitev, s katero se kupca obvesti, da mu je sistem na voljo.
Judgment of 17 September 2007 in Case T-201/04.
Sodba Sodišča prve stopnje z dne 24. maja 2007 (T-151/01) (v pritožbenem postopku, C-385/07 P).
Court of First Instance
Sodišče prve stopnje e)
In addition to imposing a ne of more that EUR 497 million, the Commission ordered Microsoft to bring the abuses found to an end, first, by disclosing the necessary interoperability information to the undertakings wishing to develop and distribute workgroup server operating systems and, second, by oering for sale a version of the Windows PC operating system without Windows Media Player.
Sodišče prve stopnje se je oprlo na sodbo AKZO proti Komisiji49 in v sodbi France Télécom proti Komisiji50opozorilo na dva različna načina analize pri preverjanju, ali je podjetje prodajalo po plenilskih cenah.
In order to assist the Commission in its task of monitoring compliance with those remedies, the decision provided for a monitoring mechanism which included the appointment of an independent monitoring trustee.
Cene, ki so nižje od povprečja spremenljivih stroškov, po katerih je storitve ponujalo podjetje, ki je imelo prevladujoč položaj, same po sebi štejejo za zlorabo, ker je edini namen podjetja s takimi cenami odstraniti konkurente, medtem ko cene, ki so nižje od povprečja celotnih stroškov, vendar višje od povprečja spremenljivih stroškov, pomenijo zlorabo, če so določene v okviru načrta, katerega cilj je odstraniti konkurenta.
As regards, in the first place, the abuse consisting in the refusal to provide the interoperability information, the Court rejected all the arguments whereby Microsoft sought to challenge the concept and the degree of interoperability taken into account by the Commission and also the coherence of the remedy imposed.
Poleg tega je Sodišče prve stopnje presodilo, da ni mogoče trditi, da je pravica prevladujočega podjetja do prilagoditve cenam konkurence brezpogojna, zlasti kadar naj bi ta pravica vodila k utemeljevanju tožb glede plenilskih cen, ki jih Pogodba sicer prepoveduje.
The Court then considered the question of intellectual property rights or business secrets covering Microsoft’s communications protocols or the specications for those protocols.
Če podjetju s prevladujočim položajem ni mogoče odreči pravice do ohranjanja njegovih poslovnih interesov, kadar so ti ogroženi, in če mu je treba dati primerno možnost, da ravna ustrezno, pa takega ravnanja ni mogoče dopustiti, če je njegov namen zlasti okrepitev prevladujočega položaja in njegova zloraba.
Referring to the caselaw of the Court of Justice (44), the Court observed that it is only in exceptional circumstances that the exercise of the exclusive right by the holder of the property right could give rise to such an abuse, namely when, first, the refusal relates to a product or service indispensable to the exercise of a particular activity on a neighbouring market; second, the refusal is of such a kind as to exclude any eective competition on that neighbouring market; third, the refusal prevents the appearance of a new product for which there is potential consumer demand; and, last, the refusal is not objectively justied.
Sodišče prve stopnje je v zgoraj navedeni sodbi Alrosa proti Komisiji prvič odločilo o zakonitosti odločbe, s katero so postale zaveze podjetja s prevladujočim položajem zavezujoče, in o učinkih te odločbe na tretje osebe.
In considering whether those circumstances were present in this case, the Court held that the Commission had not made a manifest error by considering, first, that, in order to be able to compete viably with Windows workgroup server operating systems, competing operating systems had to be able to interoperate with the Windows domain architecture on an equal footing with those Windows systems; second, that market developments showed a risk that competition would be eliminated on the workgroup server operating systems market; and, third, that Microsoft’s refusal limited technical development to the prejudice of consumers within the meaning of Article 82(b) EC and that, accordingly, the circumstance relating to the appearance of a new product was present in this case.
Sodišče je odločilo, da je posledica te odločbe končanje postopka ugotavljanja in kaznovanja kršitve pravil o konkurenci. Torej je ni mogoče obravnavati, kot da je Komisija z njo samo sprejela predlog, ki ga je svobodno podal pogajalski partner, ampak pomeni zavezujoč ukrep za prenehanje kršitve ali morebitne kršitve, v zvezi s katero Komisija uveljavlja posebne pravice, ki jih ima na podlagi členov 81 ES in 82 ES, poleg tega da predložitev predlogov zavez, ki jih podajo zadevna podjetja, pomeni, da ji ni treba dokazati kršitve.
Last, the Court observed that Microsoft had neither demonstrated the existence of any objective justication whatsoever for its refusal to disclose the interoperability information in issue, nor suciently established that the disclosure of that information would have a signicant negative impact on its incentives to innovate.
Odločba, ki se sprejme na podlagi člena 9 Uredbe št. 1/200351 in s katero ravnanje nekega subjekta do tretjih strank postane zavezujoče, ima lahko neposredne pravne učinke ergaomnes, ki jih zadevno podjetje samo ne bi moglo povzročiti. Po stališču Sodišča prve stopnje jih torej lahko povzroči samo Komisija, ko zaveze, ki jih predlaga zadevno
Proceedings both Article 82 EC and the caselaw (45
Dejavnost podjetje, razglasi za zavezujoče, in edina prevzame odgovornost zanje.