natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Maintenance is not the exclusive domain of fitters and mechanics.
Vzdrževalna dela ne sodijo med opravila, ki bi jih opravljali izključno serviserji in mehaniki.
It is the responsibility of almost all workers in every sector and is carried out in almost every working environment.
Za vzdrževanje so odgovorni skoraj vsi delavci v vseh dejavnostih, izvaja pa se v skoraj vsakem delovnem okolju.
And it is, by its nature, a hazardous activity.
Poleg tega je vzdrževanje že po naravi nevarno opravilo.
Any worker carrying out maintenance tasks could be exposed to a higher level of risk than the average worker.
Vsak delavec, ki izvaja vzdrževalna dela, je lahko izpostavljen višji stopnji tveganja.
Some of these hazards include:
Med njimi so:
The Campaign will promote a simple five-step approach.
Končati pa bi se moral šele, ko se vsak vzdrževalni ukrep preveri in se zanj zapiše, da je končan.
This is a process which starts with good planning before maintenance staff even enter the workplace, and which should end only as each maintenance activity is checked and signed off.
Načrtovanje – skupaj z zbiranjem podatkov, izdelavo ocene tveganja in odločanjem o ukrepih, ki so potrebni za odpravljanje ali omejevanje tveganja, vključno z usposabljanjem in obveščanjem delavcev.
physical hazards – noise, vibrations, extremes of temperature, radiation, high physical workload, being hit by falling debris or moving parts of machinery, working at height or in limited spaces;
fizikalni dejavniki tveganja – hrup, vibracije, ekstremne temperature, sevanje, velika telesna obremenitev, poškodbe zaradi padajočih predmetov ali premikajočih se delov strojev, delo na višini ali v majhnih prostorih;
Plan – including collecting information, conducting risk assessment and deciding on measures needed to control risk, such as training workers or keeping them informed.
Evropsko delovno okolje potrebuje celosten pristop k vzdrževanju, ki temelji na oceni tveganja in upošteva vsak korak v okviru postopka vzdrževanja, različne potrebe delodajalcev in podizvajalcev ter ki neposredno vključuje delavce.
chemical hazards –workingwith asbestos, exposure to other dangerous substances, particularlywhenworking in confined spaces;
kemični dejavniki tveganja – delo z azbestom, izpostavljenost drugim nevarnim snovem, še posebej pri delu v zaprtih prostorih;
What Europe’s workplaces need is an integrated, risk assessmentbased approach to maintenance, one that takes into account each stage of the maintenance process, the differing needs of employers and contractors, and which directly involves workers.
Zagotovitev varnosti – vključno s pridobitvijo ustreznih dovoljenj za delo od ustreznih organov, zagotovitvijo varne poti za dostop do delovnega območja in odhod z njega, izklopom električnega napajanja in zavarovanjem delovnega območja zaradi varnosti delavcev, ki opravljajo vzdrževalna dela.
biological hazards – exposure to bacteria such as legionella pneumophila and to Hepatitis A and B viruses;
biološki dejavniki tveganja – izpostavljenost bakterijam, kot je legionela, ter virusom hepatitisa A in B;
psychosocial hazards – the adverse effects of poor work organisation, or of working long or anti-social hours.
psihosocialna tveganja – negativni učinki slabo organiziranega dela ali dolgega delovnega časa.
HealthyWorkplaces – a Campaign tomake Europe’s workplaces safer and healthier
Varno delo – vključno z uporabo ustrezne opreme, ne samo pravega orodja, temveč tudi prave varovalne opreme in varovalnih oblačil.
Work safely – including using only appropriate equipment; not only the correct tools, but also the right protective equipment and clothing.
Delo po načrtu – upoštevajte dogovorjeni načrt in sprejeti sistem dela, ne da bi pri tem delali bližnjice.
Work as planned – follow the agreed plan and the accepted system of work, taking no shortcuts.
Redno vzdrževanje lahko prepreči tudi nenadno in nepričakovano okvaro.
What will the HealthyWorkplaces Campaign achieve?
Kaj želimo doseči s kampanjo Zdravo delovno okolje?
The Campaign will:
Obstajata dva pristopa k vzdrževanju:
Check – make sure that the maintenance procedure has been successfully completed and that it has not created additional risks before signing off the job.
Preverjanje – preden prenehate z delom, se prepričajte, ali je bil postopek vzdrževanja uspešno končan in ali ni povzročil dodatnih tveganj.
There are two approaches to maintenance: raise awareness of the risks associated with maintenance in the workplace, showing that these risks can – and must – be eliminated or reduced;
povečala ozaveščenost o tveganjih, povezanih z izvajanjem vzdrževalnih del na delovnem mestu, in pri tem pokazala, da je ta tveganja mogoče – in treba – odpraviti ali zmanjšati;
Carrying
Izvajanje
Carrying out maintenance out maintenance work work can can put put promote good practice in maintenance; workers workers at at risk risk –
Izvajanje vzdrževalnih vzdrževalnih del del lahko lahko ogrozi ogrozi delavce, delavce,
– yet yet not not carrying carrying out out maintenancemay maintenancemay put more put more workers workers at at
Preventivno ali proaktivno vzdrževanje – preverjanje in popravila se izvajajo tudi takrat, ko zanje ni očitne potrebe.
Preventive or proactive maintenance – checks and repairs carried out even when there is no obvious need.This type of activity – such as the servicing of a vehicle – is usually scheduled in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions or management policy.
Tovrstne aktivnosti (na primer vzdrževanje vozila) se običajno načrtujejo v skladu z navodili proizvajalca ali politiko upravljanja.
support EU and Member State legislation, policies, activities and initiatives tomake maintenance processes safer.
spodbujala dobro prakso na področju vzdrževalnih del; vendar vendar pa pa lahko lahko njihovo njihovo neizvajanje neizvajanje ogrozi ogrozi še še več več delavcev.
risk.
delavcev.
risk. Employers
Delodajalci,
Employers who who do do not maintain not maintain their their equipment equipment or or who who ignore ignore plant plant safety safety
Delodajalci, ki ki ne ne vzdržujejo vzdržujejo podpirala zakonodajo, politiko, aktivnosti in pobude EU in držav članic, da bi vzdrževanje postalo varnejše.
Employers have a moral duty and a legal responsibility to protect the safety and health of staff in every aspect of their work.
opreme opremeali ali ne ne upoštevajo upoštevajo varnostnih varnostnih postopkov, postopkov,
procedures procedures risk risk catastrophic catastrophic failure.
tvegajo tvegajo uničujočo uničujočo nezgodo nezgodo pri pri delu.
Corrective or reactive maintenance – carrying out unforeseen repairs on workplace facilities or equipment after sudden breakage or failure. This is usually more hazardous than scheduled maintenance.
Delodajalci imajo moralno dolžnost in pravno odgovornost, da varujejo varnost in zdravje zaposlenih.
Maintenance tasks include: inspection testing measurement replacement adjustment repair fault detection replacement of parts servicing.
Ta kampanja bo delodajalce spodbujala, naj vzdrževalna dela načrtujejo vnaprej in tveganje ocenijo, še preden gre kaj narobe.
Work – related musculoskeletal disorders: Back to work
Z delom povezana kostno-mišična obolenja: vrnitev na delo
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the most common workrelated health problem in Europe.
Kostno-mišična obolenja sodijo med najpogostejše z delom povezane zdravstvene težave v Evropi.
In the EU-27, a quarter of workers complain of backache and almost a quarter report p
Četrtina delavcev v EU-27 se pritožuje zaradi težav s hrbtenico, skoraj četrtina pa
) MSDs are a major concern: they affect the health of individual workers, and add to the business and social p costs of European companies and countries. (2
) Kostno-mišična obolenja so velik problem: prizadenejo zdravje delavcev ter povzročajo dodatne poslovne in socialne stroške evropskim podjetjem in državam. (2
) MSDs disrupt temporarily modified work is an effective return-to-work intervention, if it is used in conjunction with good occupational management; some evidence supports the effectiveness of exercise therapy, back schools and behavioural treatment;lumbar supports (back belts) appear to be ineffective in secondary prevention.
) Poleg tega ovirajo delo, zmanjšujejo produktivnost in lahko povzročijo odsotnost z dela zaradi bolezni ali celo invalidnost.
Upper limb pain: work, cut productivity and can lead to sickness absence and chronic occupational disability.
Kostno-mišična obolenja je treba preprečiti z ukrepanjem na delovnem mestu.
Tackling MSDs means taking action in the workplace.
Uvesti je treba preventivne ukrepe.
First, there are preventative steps that have to be taken.
Pomembno je, da se ohrani zaposljivost tistih delavcev, ki že trpijo zaradi kostno-mišičnih obolenj.
But for workers who already have MSDs, the challenge is to maintain their employability, keep them working and, if necessary, reintegrate them into the workplace.
Omogočiti jim je treba, da še naprej delajo oziroma da se ponovno vključijo v delo.
p a multidisciplinary approach including a cognitivebehavioural component may be the most effective type of intervention; there is limited evidence as to the effectiveness of some technical or mechanical interventions and exercise therapy;in the scientific literature, there is insufficient evidence to assess the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions.
Ta informativni bilten vsebuje ključne ugotovitve iz poročila Evropske agencije za varnost in zdravje pri delu z naslovom „Vrnitev na delo“, ki obravnava ohranitev zaposlitve, ponovno vključitev in rehabilitacijo delavcev s kostno-mišičnimi obolenji.
Lower limb pain: p p no information on the workrelated intervention strategies has been found; the results of studies concerning lower limb treatment in general indicate that exercise programmes may be effective for hip and knee problems.
Vsebuje dva dela: pregled literature o učinkovitosti ukrepov na delovnem mestu in pregled evropskih ter mednarodnih pobud.
This fact sheet highlights the key findings of the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work’s ’Back to Work’ report, which focuses on the retention, reintegration and rehabilitation of workers with MSDs.
Poročilo Agencije z naslovom „Preprečevanje z delom povezanih kostno-mišičnih obolenj“ obravnava preventivne ukrepe.
It comes in two parts: a literature review on the effectiveness of workrelated interventions, and an overview of policy initiatives in Europe and at the international level.
Med preprečevanjem in rehabilitacijo ni jasne ločnice, zato se poročili med seboj dopolnjujeta.
A further report by the Agency, ’Work-related MSDs: prevention’, examines preventative action.
bolečinami, ki prizadenejo hrbet, zgornje in spodnje ude.
There is no cut-off point between prevention and rehabilitation; the two reports are complementary.
Glavne ugotovitve so predstavljene v preglednici.
Evidence on interventions
Ukrepi na delovnem mestu
In evaluating the effectiveness of workrelated interventions which aim to help people return to work, the scientific literature shows that there are differences between pain affecting the back, upper limbs and lower limbs. The main findings are shown in the box below.
Pri ocenjevanju učinkovitosti ukrepov na delovnem mestu, katerih cilj je pomagati ljudem, da se vrnejo na delo, je iz znanstvene literature razvidno, da obstajajo razlike med
Although many studies have been carried out, the evidence for the effectiveness of interventions is somewhat limited.
Čeprav je bilo opravljenih veliko študij, so dokazi o učinkovitosti ukrepov dokaj omejeni.
In particular,thisisthecasewithaddressingupperlimb symptoms.
To je zlasti značilno za ukrepe, namenjene preprečevanju in odpravljanju težav z zgornjimi udi.
A possible explanation for this lack of success is that the quality criteria used in scientific reviews may not be applicabletooften-complexworkplaceinterventions.
Možna razlaga zato je, da merila kakovosti, ki se uporabljajo v znanstvenih raziskavah, morda niso uporabna za pogosto zelo zapletene ukrepe na delovnem mestu.
Therefore, studies of successful interventions may not be included in a scientific review, or they may be considered too low in quality.
Zato študije uspešnih ukrepov morda niso vključene v znanstvene raziskave, ali pa se zdi njihova kakovost preslaba.
In spite of the lack of strong scientific evidence, anecdotally many of the workplace interventions listed above are reported to be effective.
Kljub pomanjkanju trdnih znanstvenih dokazov pa poročila kažejo na veliko učinkovitost omenjenih ukrepov na delovnem mestu.
The evaluation of workplace interventions should probably adopt different criteria on which to base evidence.
Pri ocenjevanju ukrepov na delovnem mestu bi bilo verjetno treba sprejeti drugačna merila, na katerih bi utemeljevali dokaze.
These criteria are currently lacking, butpolicy-makersandemployersshouldnotbe discouraged from carrying out preventive action simply because there is no 100 % scientific proof that it will work.
Teh meril trenutno ni. Dejstvo, da ni zanesljivih znanstvenih dokazov o učinkovitosti preventivnih ukrepov, ne bi smelo odvrniti oblikovalcev politike in delodajalcev od njihovega izvajanja. Da bi se izognili ponovnemu pojavu kostno-mišičnih obolenj, bi se morala sekundarna in terciarna preventiva izvajati hkrati s primarno preventivo.
) European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. 4th European Working Conditions Survey, 2007.
) Evropska fundacija za zboljšanje življenjskih in delovnih razmer: Četrta evropska raziskava o delovnih pogojih, 2007.
Available at: http://www.eurofound.eu.int/ewco/surveys/EWCS2005/index.htm
Objavljena na spletnem naslovu: http://www.eurofound.eu.int/ewco/surveys/EWCS2005/index.htm
) European Agency for Safety and Health at Work. Thematic report on MSDs, 2007.
) Evropska agencija za varnost in zdravje pri delu: Tematsko poročilo o kostno-mišičnih obolenjih, 2007.
In publication.
V pripravi.
E u r o p e a n
E v r o p s k a a g e n c i j a za varnost in zdravje pri delu
National economics and occupational safety and health
Nacionalna gospodarstva ter varnost in zdravje pri delu
Governments, their regulators and agencies aim to improve occupational safety and health (OSH) to reduce the cost to society of injury and illness, while at the same time improving competitiveness and national efficiency.
Vlade, zakonodajalci in agencije si prizadevajo prispevati k bolj varnemu in zdravemu delu ter tako zmanjšati stroške za družbo, ki nastanejo zaradi poškodb in bolezni ter hkrati izbotjšali konkurenčnost in uspešnost gospodarstva.
OSH can improve productivity by: http://osha.europa.eu
Varnost in zdravje pri delu lahko izboljša produktivnost tako, da se: http://osha.europa.eu
The business benefits of good occupational safety and health
Varnost in zdravje pri delu ni le zakonska in družbena obveznost, temveč podjetjem prinaša tudi koristi.
Good companies have long recognised the importance of their image and reputation.
Velika podjetja že dolgo priznavajo pomen slovesa in ugleda.
Occupational safety and health (OSH) is good for business as well as being a legal and social obligation.
Vrednost blagovne znamke in dobro ime
Enterprises appreciate that OSH prevents people from being harmed or made ill through work, but it is also an essential part of a successful business.
„Na trgu vrednostnih papirjev so podjetja, ki budno pazijo na svoj ,trojni
‘Companies with their eye on their “triple-bottom-line„ (
), uspešnejša od manj previdnih konkurentov.“
The Economist
Zaupanje vlagateljev
Brand valueand goodwill
Pridobivanje in ohranjanje poslovnih strank
Benefits ofgood OSH
Nižji stroški zaradi nezgod in bolezni
Lower costs ofaccidents andillness
Koristi zagotavljanja varnosti in zdravja pri delu
Large organisations are expected to demonstrate ever-higher standards of corporate governance and greater transparency in reporting practices.
Od velikih organizacij se pričakuje, da bodo izkazovale vedno višje standarde poslovnega upravljanja in večjo preglednost pri poročanju.
The combination of operating in a marketdriven economy alongside a society that is more aware of risks means that many enterprises now realise the significant gains that can be made from integrating OSH performance into their wider business model.
Zaradi poslovanja v tržnem gospodarstvu in dejstva, da se družba vedno bolj zaveda tveganj, številna podjetja spoznavajo, da imajo lahko precejšnje koristi zaradi vključevanja varnosti in zdravja pri delu v svoj širši poslovni model.
These include: n
Te koristi vključujejo:
Managed insurance costs
Motiviranost in predanost zaposlenih
Employeemotivation andcommitment n
Obvladovanje stroškov zavarovanja n
Productivity n n improvements in the image, brand value and reputation of the enterprise, delivering on corporate social responsibility (CSR) commitments, maintaining and promoting investor confidence, and developing positive stakeholder engagement.
Produktivnost n n n boljšo podobo, vrednost blagovne znamke in ugled podjetja; uresničevanje zavez družbene odgovornosti gospodarskih družb; ohranjanje in spodbujanje zaupanja vlagateljev; razvijanje pozitivnega vključevanja interesnih skupin.
Why is OSH an essential part of good business?
Zakaj je varnost in zdravje pri delu bistveni element poslovne uspešnosti?
Occupational safety and health: n n n
Z uvedbo sistema varnosti in zdravja pri delu podjetje: n n n
‘The board recognises that both the group’s corporate performance and its value to stakeholders are affected by its occupational health and safety performance.
„Uprava ugotavlja, da uspešnost na področju varnosti in zdravja pri delu vpliva na poslovno uspešnost skupine ter tudi na njeno vrednost za interesne skupine.
It therefore requires the managing directors and all employees to demonstrate a positive approach to health and safety issues.’ Chief Executive, Uniq plc (food sector) n n n n
Zato zahteva, da direktorji in vsi zaposleni zavzamejo pozitiven pristop do vprašanj varnosti in zdravja pri delu.“ Izvršilni direktor, Uniq plc (prehrambena industrija) n n n n
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) considers how business can take account of its economic, social and environmental impacts in the way it operates.
Pojem družbena odgovornost gospodarskih družb govori o tem, kako lahko podjetja upoštevajo svoj gospodarski, družbeni in okoljski vpliv pri svojem delovanju.
OSH can play a major role in how these principles are put into effect.
Varnost in zdravje pri delu ima lahko pomembno vlogo pri uresničevanju teh načel.
Of particular relevance is: n helps demonstrate that a business is socially responsible, protects and enhances brand image and brand value, helps maximise the productivity of workers, enhances employees’ commitment to the business, builds a more competent, healthier workforce, reduces business costs and disruption, enables enterprises to meet customers’ OSH expectations, and encourages the workforce to stay longer in active life.
Pomembno je zlasti: n dokaže, da je družbeno odgovorno; varuje in poveča ugled in vrednost blagovne znamke; poveča produktivnost delavcev; poveča predanost zaposlenih; ustvari sposobnejšo in bolj zdravo delovno silo; zmanjša poslovne stroške in motnje; izpolni pričakovanja strank na področju varnosti in zdravja pri delu; spodbudi zaposlene, da dlje ostanejo aktivni.
n n n including OSH in wider corporate governance initiatives, ensuring OSH risks are adequately addressed by contractors and suppliers, and motivating other enterprises to make OSH improvements through peer pressure.
n n n vključevati varnost in zdravje pri delu v širše pobude upravljanja gospodarskih družb; zagotavljati, da izvajalci in dobavitelji ustrezno obravnavajo tveganja na področju varnosti in zdravja pri delu; spodbujati druga podjetja, da dosegajo izboljšave na področju varnosti in zdravja pri delu prek medsebojnega spodbujanja.
Every enterprise can enjoy significant benefits by investing in OSH.
Naložbe v varnost in zdravje pri delu lahko vsakemu podjetju prinesejo pomembne koristi.
Simple improvements can increase competitiveness, profitability and the motivation of employees.
Preproste izboljšave lahko povečajo konkurenčnost, donosnost in motivacijo zaposlenih.
The implementation of an OSH management system provides an effective framework to prevent or minimise accidents and ill health.
Izvajanje sistema za upravljanje varnosti in zdravja pri delu zagotavlja učinkovit okvir za preprečevanje ali zmanjševanje nezgod in bolezni.
Key OSH principles n n n n n
Ključna načela varnosti in zdravja pri delu n n n n
A central EU commitment from the Lisbon strategy (2) is to give equal importance to increased employment and productivity through greater competitiveness.
Osrednja zaveza Evropske unije v okviru lizbonske strategije (2) je povečanje zaposlenosti in produktivnosti prek večje konkurenčnosti.
The cost of accidents at work and occupational diseases in the EU-15 ranges from 2.6% to 3.8 % of gross national product.
Stroški nezgod pri delu in poklicnih bolezni v EU-15 se gibljejo med 2,6 in 3,8 % bruto nacionalnega proizvoda.
Commitment and leadership to improve OSH Effective OSH policies and procedures Proactive risk assessment programmes Trained and competent workers Effective risk control measures Ongoing monitoring and review processes n n n enhancing the levels of motivation, cooperation and morale in the workforce, more productive workers and more efficient working methods, minimising unplanned costs through effective business continuity planning,
Poleg zmanjšanja nesreč in bolezni se lahko koristi v zvezi s produktivnostjo in učinkovitostjo dosežejo kot posledica: n n n zavezanost in vodenje za izboljšanje varnosti in zdravja pri delu; učinkovite politike in postopki varnosti in zdravja pri delu; proaktivni programi ocenjevanja tveganja; izkušeni in strokovno usposobljeni delavci; učinkoviti ukrepi za obvladovanje tveganj; stalni postopki spremljanja in pregledovanja.
Although the principles of good OSH apply to every organisation, the commercial drivers can be very different for large and small organisations.
povečanja motivacije, izboljšanja sodelovanja in dviga morale delovne sile;
) The ‘triple bottom line’ captures an expanded spectrum of values and criteria for measuring organisational (and societal) success; economic, environmental and social success (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_bottom_line)
) „Trojni izid“ (triple-bottom-line) vključuje širši razpon vrednost in meril za merjenje uspešnosti organizacije (in družbe): ekonomski, okoljski in družbeni uspeh (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_bottom_line).
2) See the website: (http://ec.europa.eu/growthandjobs/pdf/COM2005_024_en.pdf)
) Glejte spletno stran (http://ec.europa.eu/growthandjobs/pdf/COM2005_024_en.pdf).
FACTS 77 n n n maximising levels of recruitment, motivation and retention of skilled staff.
FACTS 77 n n n n n zmanjšano število nezgod in bolezni – v nekaterih primerih se je bolniška odsotnost zmanjšala za polovico; doseganje najvišje ravni zaposlovanja, motivacije in ohranjanja usposobljenega osebja.
Returns on investment as high as 12:1 (EUR 12 profit for every EUR 1 invested) can be achieved through investing in good OSH.
Z vlaganjem v varnost in zdravje pri delu se lahko doseže donosnost v razmerju do 12 : 1 (12 EUR dobička za 1 EUR naložbe).
‘There is a clear and direct relationship between the social behaviours of a corporation and its reputation, sales, brand and indeed overall value.
„Obstaja jasen in neposreden odnos med družbenim vedenjem gospodarske družbe in njenim ugledom, prodajo, blagovno znamko in dejansko celotno vrednostjo.
This correlation (and these consequences) get stronger as both the size of
Večja sta velikost podjetja in vrednost blagovne znamke, močnejša je ta medsebojna povezanost (in posledice).“
It is illegal for enterprises to operate without adequate insurance cover, but premiums are rising and becoming more difficult to obtain.
Za podjetja je nezakonito, če poslujejo brez ustreznega zavarovanja, vendar pa se premije povečujejo in je zavarovanja vse težje pridobiti.
The cost of workers’ insurance varies according to the type of business.
Stroški zavarovanja delavcev se razlikujejo glede na dejavnost.