natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Many delicious fruits ripen at this time of year, and farmers are kept busy harvesting them. Nuts too ripen in autumn, and squirrels will gather and store heaps of them ready for the winter.
Poleti, zlasti v južni Evropi, lahko pogosto opazite kuščarje, kako se grejejo na soncu, in slišite cvrlikanje kobilic in cvrčanje škržatov.
Many trees shed their leaves in autumn because there is no longer enough sunshine for the leaves to be useful.
Pozno poleti ter jeseni postajajo dnevi krajši in noči hladnejše.
They gradually change from green to shades of yellow, red, gold and brown.
V tem času dozori mnogo okusnih sadežev in kmetje jih hitijo obirati.
The fallen leaves decay, enriching the soil and providing food for future generations of plant life.
Jeseni dozorijo tudi lešniki in veverice jih nabirajo ter v velikih količinah shranjujejo za zimo.
Where there is plenty of sunshine and hardly any frost (near the Mediterranean, for example), farmers can grow fruit such as oranges and lemons, grapes and olives.
Mnogim drevesom jeseni odpadejo listi, saj ni več dovolj sončne svetlobe, da bi bili še koristni.
Olives contain oil which can be squeezed out of the fruit and used in preparing food.
Postopoma spremenijo svojo barvo iz zelene v odtenke rumene, rdeče, zlate in rjave. Nato odpadejo in prekri
Europe is famous for its very good wines, which are sold all over the world.
Odpadli listi se razkrajajo in obogatijo zemljo ter ji dajejo hrano za prihodnje generacije rastlinja.
This yearly cycle of the seasons, and the changes it brings, make the European countryside what it is – beautiful, and very varied.
- is be dajejo evropskemu podeželju njegovo lepoto in veliko b r o
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Zato so najhladnejši predeli Evrope pokriti z zimzelenimi gozdovi.
Mediterranean farmers also grow lots of other fruit and vegetables.
Bolj na jugu pa je večina zemlje primerna za kmetovanje.
Tomatoes, for example, ripen well in the southern sunshine.
Tam obrodijo zelo različni pridelki, kot so pšenica, koruza, sladkorna pesa, krompir ter vse vrste sadja in zelenjave.
That means giving them water from rivers or from under the ground.
Na območjih, kjer je veliko sončne svetlobe in skoraj nič poze be
Farms in Europe range from very big to very small.
(na primer blizu Sredozemlja), lahko kmetje gojijo sadje, kot sopomaranče in limone, grozdje in olive.
Some have large fields – which makes it easy to harvest crops using big machines.
Olive vsebujejo olje, ki se lahko iztisne iz sadeža in uporablja za pripravo hrane.
Others, for example in hilly areas, may have small fields.
Gro zdje se lahko stisne, da iz njega priteče sok, iz katerega lahko n a s ta
Many European farmers keep animals that eat grass – such as cows, sheep or goats.
Kmetje v Sredozemlju gojijo tudi veliko drugega sadja in zelenjave.
They provide milk, meat and other useful products like wool and leather.
Paradižnik na primer dobro zori na južnem soncu
Many city people like to spend weekends and holidays in the European countryside, enjoying the scenery, the peace and quiet and the fresh air.
Zelenjava pa potrebuje veliko vode, zato morajo kmetje na vročih in suhih območjih pogosto namakati svoje poljščine.
We all need to do what we can to look after the countryside and keep it beautiful.
To pomeni, da dovajajo vodo iz rek in podtalnice.
The countryside is for everyone to enjoy.
P a š a o v a c n a pa š n ikih v Šp a n i j i .
These animals can be raised almost anywhere because they can be kept indoors and given specially prepared feed.
Te živali je mogoč e gojiti skoraj povsod, saj lahko živijo v zaprtih prostorih in dobivajo posebej pripravljeno krmo.
Chickens provide not only meat but eggs too, and some farms produce thousands of eggs every day.
, in na nekaterih kmetijah vsak dan proizvedejo na tisoče jajc.
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Kmetije v Evropi so različnih velikosti, od zelo velikih do zelo majhnih.
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Druge kmetije, na primer na hribovitih območjih, imajo pogosto majhna polja.
They provide food for seabirds, and for marine mammals such as seals. Where rivers flow into the sea, flocks of waders come to feed, at low tide, on creatures that live in the mud.
Mnogi mestni ljudje radi preživljajo konce tedna in počitnice na evropskem podeželju, kjer uživajo v lepem razgledu, miru, tišini in svežem zraku. Vsi smo odgovor
Europe has thousands and thousands of kilometres of coastline, which nature has shaped in various ways.
- ni za to, da naredimo, kar je v naši moči, za varovanje podeželja in ohranjanje njegove lepote.
r or a r w w a n
Morje
Flocks of waders find food in river estuaries.
Na Norveškem so ledeniki v obalo izklesali strme doline, imenov ane fjordi.
People and the sea
V nekaterih drugih drža
In Norway, glaciers have carved the coast into steep-sided valleys called fjords.
- vah sta morje in veter nakopičila pesek in iz njega oblikovala sipine.
In some other countries, the sea and wind pile up the sand into dunes.
Najvišja sipina v Evropi (z višino
One of Europe’s rarest animals — the monk seal — lives in the Mediterranean.
– ž ivi v Sre d o z e m j l u
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Z njimi se hranijo morske ptice in morski sesalci, kot so tjulnji.
They include Queen Mary 2 — one of the biggest passenger liners in the world.
Mednje spada ladja Queen Mary 2 – ena od največjih potni
bis or ic s /C esign P am m on d /D
© jvečjih p o t n i š k i h l a d ij n s a v e t u
Europe’s seaside resorts are great places for a holiday.
Evropska obmorska letovišča so zelo primerna za preživljan je počitnic.
Or you can just relax – sunbathing on the beach and cooling off in the sea.
Lahko pa tudi samo počivate – se sončite na pla ži in se s e g a hladite v morju.
Europe’s coasts and the sea are important to wildlife and to people.
Ribolov je bil za ljudi v Evropi vedno pomembna dejavnost.
Oil tankers sometimes have accidents, spilling huge amounts of oil into the sea.
Ce la mesta so zrasla okoli ribiških pristanišč in na tisoče ljudi služ i svoj is b r o
This can turn beaches black and kill thousands of seabirds.
C kruh z ribolovom in prodajo rib ali pa pomagajo ribičem in
Modern fishing boats, such as factory trawlers, can catch huge numbers of fish.
Sodobni ribiški čolni, kot so tovarniška plovila z vlečnimi mrežami, lahko ulovijo velike količine rib.
To make sure that enough are left in the sea, European countries have agreed rules about how many fish can be caught and about using nets that let young fish escape.
Evropske države so se zato, da bi zagotovile, da v morju ostane dovolj rib, dogovorile o pravilih glede dovoljene količine ulovljenih rib in uporabe vrste mrež, ki mladim ribicam omogočijo, da pobegnejo.
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Na obalah severne Evrope gojijo losose v velikih kletkah v morju.
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Na enak način je mogoče gojiti lupinar je, kot so školjke in ostrige.
In Greece about 4 000 years ago, people began to build cities.
Evropska obala in morje sta pomembna tako za divje živali k ot za ljudi.
At first they were ruled by kings.
Zato just moramo varovati. Preprečiti moramo, da bi just onesnažili z odpadki iz tovarn in mest.
(Instead of having a king, the men of Athens took decisions by voting.)
Vča sih naftni tankerji povzročijo nesreče in iz njih se v morje razlijejo ogromne količine nafte.
Democracy is an important European invention that has spread around the world.
Zaradi tega lahko o bale postanejo črne in pogine lahko na tisoče morskih ptic.
They made their weapons and tools from stone – by sharpening pieces of flint, for example.
Evropa se je v tisočletjih korenito spremenila.
A flint weapon from the Stone Age.
Prvi Evropejci so bili lovci in nabiralci. Na zidove neka
Learning to use metal – the Bronze and Iron Ages u s e u m
- terih jam so naslikali čudovite slike lovskih prizorov.
Gold and silver were soft but very beautiful and could be shaped into ornaments.
Svoje orožje in orodje so izdelovali iz kamenja is
The best kind of metal was steel, which was strong and didn’t easily break, so it made good swords. But making steel was very tricky, so good swords were rare and valuable!
Najboljša vrs ta kovine je bilo jeklo, ki je bilo močna kovina in ga je bilo težko zlomiti, zato je bilo dobro za izdelavo mečev.
Plato, one of the world’s great thinkers.
Izdelava mečev pa je bila zelo zahtevna, zato so bili dobri meči redki in dragoceni!
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Antična Grčija — okoli leta 2000 do 200 pr. Kr.
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Kasneje, okoli 500 pr.
The Roman Empire – roughly 500 BC to 500 AD
• čudovite zgodbe o bogovih in junakih, vojnah in dogodivščin a h ;
The Middle Ages – roughly 500 to 1500 AD
• učitelje, kot sta Sokrat in Platon, ki sta ljudi naučila logične ga razmišljanja;
(AD means after the birth of Christ)
• matematike, kot sta Evklid in Pitagora, ki sta izdelala mate matične modele in pravila;
When the Roman Empire collapsed, different parts of Europe were taken over by different peoples. For example ...
• znanstvenike, kot sta Aristotel (ki je proučeval rastline in živali) in Eratosten (ki je dokazal, da je Zemlja okrogla, in izračunal njeno velikost).
a r a n
Pa g r š k a n a v n r o d
Here are some of the things the Romans gave us:
Rimski imperij — okoli leta 500 pr. Kr. do 500 po Kr.
• The Angles and Saxons moved to England and ruled it until 1066.• The Franks conquered a large part of Europe, including France, between about 500 and 800 AD.
• dobre in ravne ceste, ki so povezovale vse dele imperija;• čudovite hiše z dvorišči in tlemi, tlakovanimi z mozaiki;
In the 800s and 900s AD they sailed to other countries, stealing treasure, trading and settlingwhere there was good farmland.
• nove gradbene materiale, kot sta cement in beton;• novo orožje, kot so katapulti;• velike pisatelje, kot sta Cicero in Vergil;
The Vikings were such good sailors they even reached America (but didn’t tell anyone!).
• rimsko pravo, ki ga mnoge evropske države še danes u po ra b l ja j o .
© V b i s o r bis or
Pa s i n b r
A Roman aqueduct still standing today: the Pont du Gard in France.
Ri m s k i akv a a i d u k t , d ki so t ji še d a n es P
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Srednji vek — okoli leta 500 do 1500 po Kr.
The Renaissance – roughly 1300 to 1600 AD
Angli in Sasi so se naselili v Angliji in tam vladali do leta 1066.
After the Magyars settled in the Carpathian Basin in the 9th and 10th centuries, they founded the Kingdom of Hungary in the year 1000.
Franki so osvojili velik del Evrope, v katerega spada tudi Francija, v obdobju od leta 500 do 800 po Kr.
Their descendants today live in Hungary and other neighbouring countries.
Njihov najslavnejši kralj je bil
But in the 1300s and 1400s, students began rediscovering the ancient books.
V devetem in desetem stoletju po Kr
They were amazed at the great ideas and knowledge they found there and the news began to spread.
M s y r pluli v druge države, kjer so ropali njihova bogastva, trg ovali in
One of the world’s most famous statues: David by Michelangelo.
A m e ri k d o l e l o d a s o priši c a li ! ) .
During the Middle Ages, kings and nobles in Europe often quarrelled and there were many wars.
Normani ali „severni ljudje“ so bili Vikingi, ki so se nase
(This was the time when knights in armour fought on horseback).
- lili v Franciji (na območju, ki ga imenujemo Normandija) in nato leta 1066 osvojili Anglijo. Slavna normanska tapiserija prikazuje prizore te osvojitve.
Some castles were so strong they have lasted until today.
Hranijo jo v muzeju v mestu Bayeux.
It was as if a lost world of beauty and wisdom had been reborn.
Slovani so se naselili v mnogih delih vzhodne Evrope in postali predn iki današnjih slovansko govore
That is why we call this period the ‘Renaissance’ (meaning ‘rebirth’).
- čih narodov, med katere spadajo Belorusi, Bolgari, Čehi, Hrvat i, Poljaki, Rusi, Slovaki, Slovenci, Srbi in
Christianity became the main religion in Europe during the Middle Ages, and churches were built almost everywhere.
Madžari v 9.–10. stoletju naselili v Karpatskem bazenu, so leta 100
Part of the huge medieval mosque in Cordoba (Spain).
© li k a s e d r n j e v e š k a m o še ja v Ko r d o b i (v
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Le samostani in univerze so imeli izvo de knjig, ki so jih napisali stari Grki in Rimljani.
Great discoveries and new ideas – roughly 1500 to 1900 AD bis or
Osupnili s o nad velikimi idejami in znanjem, ki so jih tam našli, in ta novica se je začela š ir it i .
For example, they were selling goods in India and bringing back valuable spices and precious stones.
Bogati in izobraženi ljudje, na primer v Firencah (v Italiji), so se začeli zelo zanimati zanje.
But travelling overland was difficult and took a long time, so the merchants wanted to reach India by sea.
Lahko so si privoščili nakup knjig – zlasti, ko je bil v Evropi izumljen tisk (leta 1445) – in zaljubili so se v staro Grčijo in
Meanwhile, back in Europe, scientists were finding out more and more about how the universe works.
/C ia d kiparjem pa so plačali, da so jih okrasili s prizori iz grških in r imskih zgodb
Geologists, studying rocks and fossils, began wondering how the Earth had been formed and how old it really was.
M e s y r ter s kipi bogov, junakov in cesarjev.
So, in 1492, Christopher Columbus and his sailors set out from Spain and crossed the Atlantic.
Bilo je tako, kot da bi se ponovno rodil izgubljeni svet lepote in modrosti.
In the 1700s, people were asking other important questions too — such as how countries should be governed, and what rights and freedoms people should have.
• velike slikarje in kiparje, kot sta Michelangelo in Botticelli;• nadarjene arhitekte, kot je Brunelleschi;• izrednega izumitelja in umetnika Leonarda da Vincija;
In 1497–98, Vasco da Gama — a Portuguese naval officer — was the first European to reach India by sailing around Africa.
• znanstvenike, kot sta Kopernik in Galilej (ki sta odkrila, da se Zemlja in drugi planeti gibljejo okoli Sonca);
In 1519, another Portuguese explorer — Ferdinand Magellan, working for the King of Spain — led the first European expedition to sail right round the world!
• čudovite stavbe, kot so gradovi v dolini reke Loare;• novo zanimanje za to, kaj lahko človeška bitja dosežejo.
P a n
Pa n
Vasco da Gama – the first man to sail from Europe to India.
Velika odkritja in nove ideje — okoli leta 1500 do 1900 po Kr.
Voltaire, one of the great writers of the Enlightenment age.
Indiji, nazaj pa so prinašali dragocene začimbe in drage kamn e.
© V or ed ia /C ys M
/C ia zahodu.
But now, parts of Europe were running out of forests! What else could we use as fuel?
Pa do Indije, so odkrili Bahame (otoke v Karibskem morju, blizu n
In other words, they took over the land, claiming it now belonged to their home country in Europe.
- ski mornariški častnik, kot prvi Evropejec prišel v Indijo tak o, da je plul okoli Afrike.
They took their beliefs, customs and languages with them – and that is how English and French came to be the main languages spoken in North America, and Spanish and Portuguese in Central and South America.
Leta 1519 je drugi portugalski raziskovalec, Ferdinand Mage llan, ki je služil španskemu kralju – vodil prvo evropsko pomorsko odpravo okoli sveta!
Henry Bessemer — inventor of modern steelmaking.
– prvi človek, ki je p m a
The answer was coal.
Z drugimi besedami, zavzeli o
There was plenty of it in Europe, and miners began digging for it.
/C ia d so zemljo in trdili, da zdaj pripada njihovi matični
Coal powered the newly-invented steam engines.
M e s y državi v Evropi. S seboj so prinesli svojo vero, r
It could also be roasted and turned into ‘coke’, which is a much cleaner fuel – ideal for making iron and steel.
Pa n običaje in jezike – in tako sta angleščina in
As time passed, Europeans sailed further and further — to China, Japan, South-East Asia, Australia and Oceania.
© francoščina postali glavna jezika, ki se govorita
This made scientists keen to explore these places and to bring back animals and plants for Europe’s museums.
In ž d v e i j s v Severni Ameriki, španščina in portugalščina pa k e m il na o c e a o to k u n u
In the 1800s, European explorers went deep into Africa and by 1910 European nations had colonised most of the African continent.
Sčasoma so Evropejci pluli vse dlje – do Kitajske, Japonske, just govzhodne Azije, Avstralije in Oceanije.
About 150 years ago, an Englishman called Henry Bessemer invented a ‘blast furnace’ that could produce large amounts of steel quite cheaply.
Mornarji, ki so se vračali iz teh oddaljenih krajev, so pripoved ovali o nenavadnih bitjih, ki se zelo razlikuje
Soon Europe was producing huge quantities of it, and it changed the world!
To je navdušilo znanstvenike, da so r aziskovali te kraje in prinesli nazaj živali in rastli
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Medtem so znanstveniki v Evropi odkrivali vse več o delova nju vesolja.
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Geologi, ki so proučevali kamenine in fosile, so se začeli spraš evati, kako je is b r nastala Zemlja in koliko je v resnici stara.
Other European inventions from the 19th and 20th centuries helped create the world we know today.
M e s šla do spoznanja, da so se živali in rastline razvile – tako d a so se v y r
We mentioned some of them in earlier chapters.
Pa milijonih let iz ene vrste spremenile v drugo.
Pop group: their songs were big hits around the world in the 1970s.
- nja – na primer, kako voditi državo in kakšne pravice in sv oboščine naj imajo ljudje.
Today, roughly a quarter of the people working in Europe are producing things needed for the modern world: food and drinks; mobile phones and computers; clothes and furniture; washing machines and televisions; cars, buses and lorries and lots more besides.
1789, ko so se ljudje odločili, da jim nič več ne bodo vladali kra lji in kraljice. Eno od njihovih revolucionarnih gesel je bilo „svobo da, s i b enakost, bratstvo“ – ki je hkrati postalo francosko drža vno geslo.
Inventor: he invented the parachute in 1913.
© teljev v p is a en velikih e d
Pop group: their songs were big hits around the world in the 1960s.
Industrijska revolucija — okoli leta 1750 do 1880 po Kr.
Scientist: he discovered radioactivity in 1896.
Vse se je začelo z energetsko krizo. Na tisoče let s o ljudje kurili z lesom is b in ogljem.
C i n e m a
Pa n
Composer: wrote a lot of great music.
Odgovor na to vprašanje je bil premog. V Evropi ga je bilo mnogo in
The first telephone – invented by Scottishborn Alexander Graham Bell.
H e n ry Bes s m e er – iz u m it e lj rudarji so ga začeli kopati.
Today, Europe makes the latest mobile phones.
Premog je bil pogansko gorivo z a parne stroje, s o d o b j e n k l a e g a rs v a t
Inventor: he invented the world wide web, on which the Internet is based, in 1989.
Pred približno 150 leti je Anglež po imenu Henry Bessemer iz umil plavž, ki je lahko z nizkimi stroški proizve
Sadly, the story of Europe is not all about great achievements we can be proud of.
Kmalu je Evropa proizvajala ogromne k oličine jekla, kar je spremenilo svet!
There are also many things to be ashamed of. Down the centuries, European nations fought terrible wars against each other.
Poceni jeklo je omogočilo gradnjo nebotičnikov, velikih mostov, prekooc eanskih ladij, avtomobilov, hladilnikov ...
These wars were usually about power and property, or religion.
Pa tudi močnega orožja in bomb.
Scientist: won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922, for his discoveries about the structure of atoms.
Drugi evropski izumi iz 19. in 20. stoletja so naprej pomaga li ustvariti svet, kot ga poznamo danes.
Scientist: famous for his experiments on gases and the discovery of ‘Boyle’s Law’ in 1662.
Sedem od desetih evropskih delavcev opravlja storitve. Z is b r drugimi besedami, delajo v trgovinah in poštah, bankah in o
European colonists killed millions of native people on other continents – by fighting or mistreating them, or by accidentally spreading European diseases among them.
M e s idr. – tam bodisi prodajajo blago bodisi opravljajo druge y r
Europeans also took millions of Africans to work as slaves.
Pa n storitve, ki jih ljudje potrebujejo.
Athlete: the first person ever to score full marks (10 out of 10) for gymnastics in the Olympic Games, in 1976.
Evropejci so ug rabili tudi na milijone Afričanov, ki so morali zanje delati kot sužnji.
Lessons had to be learnt from these dreadful wrongdoings.
Evropska trgovina s sužnji je bila odpravljena v devetnajstem stoletju. Kolonije so postale svobodne v dvajsetem stoletju.
Colonies gained their freedom in the 1900s.
In mir je navsezadnje vendarle prišel v Evropo.
To find out how, read the chapter called ‘Bringing the family together: the story of the European Union’.
Več o tem lahko preberete v poglavju „Ponovna združitev družine: zgodba o Evropski uniji“.
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Za ime po vašem osebnem izboru smo pustili prazen prosto rna strani 29.
Scientist: in the 1600s he discovered how gravity works, and how the planets move through space.
CSkladatelj: napisal je mnogo velikih glasbenih del.
Actress: she starred in many films, including the original version of Around the worldin 80 days (1956).
(evropska himna) je del njegove Devete simfonije, napisane leta 1823.(evropska himna) je del njegove Devete simfonije, napisane leta 1823.
Scientist: he invented dynamite in 1866, and he founded the Nobel Prize for great achievements.
Danska Znanstvenik: leta 1922 je dobil Nobelovo nagrado za fiziko za odkritja o strukturi atomov.
Composer: his great pieces include the New World Symphony (1893).
Znanstvenik: poznan zaradi svoj ih poskusov s plini in b r o
(now part of the Czech Republic)
/C odkritja Boylovega zakona leta 1662.
Athlete: he won a gold medal in the decathlon at the 2000 Olympic Games.
Filmski režiser in eden najbolj smešnih igralcev vseh časov.
Scientist: in 1905 he discovered ‘relativity’ — in other words, how matter, energy and time are all related to one another.
Skladatelj in pianist (1810–1849): napisal je mnogo klavirskih del, mednje spadajo tudi slavni
Scientist: he discovered that many diseases are causedby germs, and in 1862 he invented ‘pasteurisation’, a way of killing germs in food.
Atletinja: na olimpijskih igrah leta 1976 je bila prva oseba, ki je kdajkoli dobila vse točke (deset od desetih) za gimnastiko.
Film director: his great films, including La Strada (1954), won him five Oscar awards.
© a U m e t n i k (1904–1989), znan po svojih nenavadnih slikah kot
Czech Republic
Država ali regija b r o
Film director: he won Oscars for his films Amadeus (1984) and One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest (1975).
Igralka: igrala je v mnogih filmih, med drugim tudi v
Dalmatia (today part of Croatia)
(sedaj del Češke)
Psychiatrist (1856–1939): he developed ‘psychoanalysis’ — a way of explaining how our minds work.
Filmski režiser: za svoje velike filme, med drugim tudi za a
Artist (1853–90): his many paintings include several of Sunflowers.
M A način za razlago delovanja našega uma.
Composer: he wrote many pieces, including The four seasons (1725).
Teniška igralka: na olimpijskih igrah leta 2004 je o s o n dobila zlato medaljo.
Scientist: in 1888 he proved that radio waves exist.
Nemčija kazal obstoj radijskih Znanstvenik: leta 1888 je do
Composer (1811–86): he wrote some of the world’s most difficult piano music, such as the Transcendental Studies.
Umetnik (1840–1926): znan po svojih impresionističnih slikah, med katere spada serija
Languages in Europe
/ deluje gravitacija in kako se planeti premikajo v vesolju.C
Here are some of them.
Britanija a i d e
Here’s how to say ‘Good morning’ or ‘Hello’ in just a few of these languages.
Znanstvenik: leta 1866 je izumil dinamit, ustanovil pa je tudi a
Godmorgen Goedemorgen Good morning Guten Morgen God morgon
Nobelovo nagrado za velike dosežke.
So we enjoy what’s different and special about our own country and region, but we also enjoy what we have in common as Europeans.
Atlet: na olimpijskih igrah leta 2000 je dobil zlato medaljo v deseteroboju.
Sadly, there have been many quarrels in the European family.
Znanstvenik: odkril je, da mnoge bolezni povzročajo klice in leta
Often they were about who should rule a country, or which country owned which piece of land.
1862 je izumil pa s te r iz a c i j o , način uničevanja klic v hrani.
They killed millions of people and left Europe poor and in ruins.
Veliki raziskovalec: pred več kot 700 leti je potoval po Aziji do u