natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Issues around double criminality and evidentiary burdens have also been identified. The execution of letters rogatory for money laundering activities proved to be difficult when the link between the predicate offence and the money laundering-related activities was not evident.
V številnih Eurojustovih primerih stori storilec predhodnega kaznivega dejanja (kaznivo dejanje, iz katerega izvirajo prihodki) kaznivo dejanje “lastnega pranja denarja” v državi članici, kjer se je zgodilo to dejanje, kazenski pregon pa poteka v državi članici, kjer “lastno pranje denarja” ni kaznivo dejanje.
In one case, a Member State refused judicial assistance because the
V takšnih primerih so morda potrebne fleksibilne oziroma pragmatične rešitve, ki zagotavljajo zaseg in odvzem prihodka iz predhodnih kaznivih dejanj ne glede na različne definicije pranja denarja.
29 judicial authorities in this context.
29 obravnaval 173 oziroma 81 primerov, ki sodijo v te dve vrsti kaznivih dejanj.
Further, Eurojust also facilitated the exchange of information and the execution of letters rogatory with Switzerland, liechtenstein, and the Cayman Islands.
V naslednjih letnih poročilih bo Eurojust skušal pripraviti podrobnejše statistične podatke o številu primerov, ki so povezani z organiziranim kriminalom.
three people are involved, the activity is established over a period of time, and the people concerned are suspected or convicted of committing serious criminal offences, with the objective of pursuing profit and/or power.
Poleg primerov omenjenih zgoraj so v nadaljevanju opisani tudi drugi primeri organiziranega kriminala.
Other activities related to the presence of OCGs in the economy law by all Member States, also requires consideration.
javnosti organiziranega kriminala, vendar mednarodna skupnost še vedno ni dosegla soglasja o definiciji te oblike kaznivega dejanja.
Instances are the Framework Decision of 22 July 2003 on the execution in the European Union of orders freezing property or evidence, and the Framework Decision of 6 October 2006 on the application of the principle of mutual recognition to confiscation orders.
Zato obstoječe pravne definicije vsebujejo splošne vidike, vendar se nekoliko razlikujejo glede sestavnih elementov.
Their application would facilitate in practice the prompt execution of requests that would no longer be subject to the traditional mechanisms referred to above.
Poleg tega je Strokovna skupina Sveta Evrope za organiziran kriminal pripravila kriterije za izpopolnitev definicije “organiziranih kriminalnih združb”.
In 2009, the number of times that these two crime types were registered in Eurojust’s cases was 173 and 81, respectively.
V tem smislu je Eurojust omogočil in zagotovil podporo pravosodnim organom.
In addition, a significant number of cases registered under other crime types such as illegal immigrant smuggling, illicit trading of arms and explosives or other objects, Euro counterfeiting and racketeering and extortion will involve organised crime.
Poleg tega je pospešil izmenjavo informacij in izvršitev zaprosil za pravno pomoč v sodelovanju s Švico, Liechtensteinom in Kajmanskimi otoki.
Eurojust will seek to improve its statistics to produce more accurate figures in the
Druge dejavnosti povezane z navzočnostjo organiziranih kriminalnih združb v gospodarstvu
The lack of an appropriate legal framework for the exchange of information with third States is another difficulty that has prevented efficient co-operation.
EU, Združeni narodi in drugi so poskušali oblikovati splošno sprejeto definicijo de-
In this respect, problems have been encountered, inter alia, with the Russian Federation in the framework of investigations and prosecutions against money laundering and predicate offences committed by Russian-speaking OCGs.
Poleg primerov organiziranega kriminala na posebnih prednostnih področjih kaznivih dejanj opisanih zgoraj sta med trenutno registriranimi vrstami kaznivih dejanj v Eurojustovem CMS-u vključeni tudi posebni vrsti kaznivih dejanj “sodelovanje v kriminalni združbi” in “organiziran rop”, ki v skladu z definicijo predstavljata organiziran kriminal.
Eurojust facilitated and provided support to the
Leta 2009 je Eurojust
As a result, the existing legal definitions contain common aspects but differ slightly as to the details of the constituent elements. In addition, the Expert Group on Organised Crime of the Council of Europe established criteria to further determine the definition of “organised crime groups”.
Izkušnje iz primerov na tem področju kažejo, da sodelovanje med državami članicami poleg splošnih praktičnih težav (kot so težave pri prevajanju ali nejasna zaprosila) pogosto ovirajo razlike v zakonodaji glede posebnih postopkov zoper organiziran kriminal in ne vprašanja materialnega kazenskega prava.
Common to these definitions are the following general elements: at least
Na primer v Nemčiji je prisluškovanje dovoljeno le
30 next annual reports on the number of cases involving organised crime activity.
30 med domnevnim potekom kaznivega dejanja, medtem ko v Italiji te omejitve ni, če gre za preiskavo v zvezi z organiziranim kriminalom.
in Germany can only be executed when a criminal activity is supposedly ongoing, this requirement is not needed in Italy when an investigation is related to organised crime activities.
V primeru, v katerega sta bili vpleteni Španija in bolgarija, je bila v začetku marca 2009 ustanovljena skupna preiskovalna skupina (v sodelovanju med Eurojustom in Europolom), ki je vo dila preiskavo organizirane kriminalne združbe, vpletene v ponarejanje denarja.
Further to the cases mentioned in the sections above, other examples of organised crime cases follow.
Države članice imajo včasih različna pravila in zagotovila za zaščito posameznikov, ki sodelujejo s pravosodnimi organi, zaradi česar je potrebno poiskati praktične rešitve, če sta v primer vpleteni dve ali več držav članic.
In a case between Spain and Bulgaria, a JIT (together with Eurojust and Europol) was established in early March 2009. It conducted investigations into an OCG involved in counterfeiting currency.
Skupne preiskovalne skupine so dobro orodje pri preiskavi primerov v zvezi z organiziranimi kriminalnimi združbami, če sta vpleteni dve ali več držav članic.
The operation resulted in a very swift action, dismantling a major euro counterfeiting network, as the culmination of a long-running investigation, with 17 suspects arrested in Bulgaria and €500,000 in counterfeit euros seized.
Glede na Eurojustove izkušnje pa so nekateri nacionalni pravosodni organi še vedno nenaklonjeni ustanovitvi skupne preiskovalne skupine.
Member States may also have different rules and guarantees for the protection of individuals collaborating with judicial authorities, making it necessary to find practical solutions when two or more Member States are involved in a case.
To nasprotovanje je morda posledica pomanjkljivih informacij ali nepoznavanja možnosti, ki so opredeljene v Okvirnem sklepu o skupnih preiskovalnih skupinah in določilih Konvencije o medsebojni pravni pomoči iz leta 2000.
Experience from the cases in this field has shown that cooperation between Member States, in addition to common practical problems (such as translation difficulties or unclear requests), is often complicated by differences in legislation as to particular procedures aimed at organised crime, rather than by substantial criminal law issues. For example, while interceptions
Zaradi tega je Eurojust (v sodelovanju z Europolom) pripravil Priročnik za skupne preiskovalne skupine (več podrobnosti je na voljo v poglavju o skupnih preiskovalnih skupinah).
In 2009, the netherlands received MlA requests from seven EU Member States relating to nigerian criminal groups acting throughout Europe and committing drug trafficking, illegal immigrant smuggling, THB, murder, and money laundering offences.
Leta 2009 je Nizozemska prejela zaprosila za medsebojno pravno pomoč od sedmih držav članic EU v zvezi z delovanjem nigerijskih kriminalnih združb po vsej Evropi na področju kaznivih dejanj nedovoljene trgovine z mamili, tihotapljenja nezakonitih priseljencev, trgovine z ljudmi, umora in pranja denarja.
The Dutch Desk at Eurojust first hosted an internal meeting, where it became clear that most of the cases were linked.
Nizozemsko nacionalno predstavništvo v Eurojustu je najprej gostilo interno srečanje, kjer so bile ugotovljene povezave med večino primerov.
The netherlands had initially decided not to investigate due to a lack of concrete indications for investigation and a lack of capacity, but the meeting at Eurojust resulted in a decision to start up investigations, whilst at the same time the netherlands continued to execute multiple MlA requests.
Zaradi pomanjkanja konkretnih znakov za preiskavo in omejenih zmogljivosti se je Nizozemska prvotno odločila, da ne izvede preiskav, vendar je bila na srečanju v Eurojustu sprejeta odločitev o začetku preiskav, medtem ko je Nizozemska hkrati nadaljevala z izvršitvami večkratnih zaprosil za medsebojno pravno pomoč.
To dismantle the possible underlying nigerian criminal organisations, a co-ordinated approach at EU level was needed.
Za razbitje morebiti vpletenih nigerijskih kriminalnih združb je bilo potrebno usklajeno delovanje na ravni EU.
The national Members at Eurojust agreed to involve Europol’s analytical capacities in gathering as much information as possible, to be analysed in the context of the relevant AWF.
Nacionalni predstavniki v Eurojustu so se dogovorili, da s pomočjo Eurojustovih analitičnih zmogljivosti zberejo čim več informacij za analizo v okviru primernega analitičnega delovnega akta.
With Eurojust’s assistance, a Slovenian case came to a successful conclusion in 2009, when a court convicted each of the 9 individuals to up to 15 years’ imprisonment for their involvement in an OCG that transported illicit drugs from Kosovo through Slovenia to Italy and other countries in Western Europe.
V letu 2009 je bil s pomočjo Eurojusta zaključen slovenski primer, ko je sodišče obsodilo vseh 9 obtoženih oseb na zaporne kazni do 15 let zaradi vpletenosti v organizirano kriminalno združbo, ki je prevažala nedovoljena mamila iz Kosova preko Slovenije v Italijo in druge države Zahodne Evrope.
From 2007, Eurojust provided assistance during the prosecution and court hearings.
Od leta 2007 naprej je Eurojust zagotavljal podporo v predkazenskem postopku in med glavno obravnavo.
The case highlighted the practical impact of an interesting legal decision: the Constitutional Court in Slovenia ruled at the end of 2008 that the validity of evidence obtained abroad should be double-checked to comply with fair trial standards.
S posredovanjem Eurojusta so italijanski organi zagotovili največjo možno podporo in so en dan pred zaključkom sojenja v Sloveniji našli pomembne informacije iz sodnih spisov v Italiji, ki so bili izgubljeni med potresom v L’Aquili.
European Arrest Warrants the netherlands, Bulgaria, and Portugal.
Evropski nalog za prijetje in predajo jo pa Grčija, Poljska, Nizozemska in Portugalska.
The most frequently requested country was also the UK, followed by Spain, Poland, France, Belgium, Germany, Romania, and Italy.
Najpogosteje zaprošena država je prav tako Združeno kraljestvo, sledijo pa Španija, Poljska, Francija, belgija, Nemčija, Romunija in Italija.
(Requesting and requested country refer to the Member State asking for or receiving assistance through Eurojust.
(Država prosilka oziroma zaprošena država je tista država članica, ki je zaprosila za ali prejela pomoč preko Eurojusta.
This can be the Member State either issuing or executing an EAW.)
Lahko gre za državo članico, ki je bodisi izdala ali izvršila ENPP.)
A total of 256 cases were registered at Eurojust in 2009 concerning the execution of EAWs.
V letu 2009 je bilo Eurojustu predloženih skupno 256 primerov v zvezi z omogočanjem izvršitve ENPP-jev.
This figure amounts to almost 19 per cent of all cases registered in the year, which gives an idea of the important involvement of Eurojust in this particular field.
To število predstavlja skoraj 19 odstotkov vseh predloženih primerov v tem letu, kar dokazuje pomen dejavnosti Eurojusta na tem področju.
In 2009, Eurojust dealt with four cases of conflicting EAWs. One case was
V enem primeru je šlo za splošno vprašanje, v preostalih primerih pa za operativne zadeve.
In 2009, Eurojust improved cooperation between the competent authorities of the Member States, particularly by facilitating the execution of EAWs (article 3(1)(b) of the Eurojust Decision) and giving advice in cases of conflicts of EAWs (article 16(2) of the Framework Decision on the EAW (EAW FD)).
V letu 2009 je Eurojust izboljšal sodelovanje med pristojnimi organi držav članic, zlasti z omogočanjem izvršitve ENPP-jev (člen 3(1)(b) Sklepa o Eurojustu) in z nasveti v primerih kolizije nalogov (člen 16(2) Okvirnega sklepa o ENPP-ju).
In addition, Eurojust registered the breaches of time limits that were reported by Member States in accordance with article 17 of the EAW FD and took action wherever necessary.
Poleg tega je Eurojust od držav članic prejel poročila o prekoračitvi rokov v skladu s členom 17 Okvirnega sklepa o ENPP-ju ter ustrezno ukrepal.
32 cases to be an underlying reason for refusing the execution of an EAW. A number of Member States were still quite reluctant to surrender their own nationals to other EU Member States.
32 gistrirale naslednje države: belgija (Francija in Luksemburg), bolgarija (Nemčija in Francija), Nemčija (Italija) in Irska (Litva in Združeno kraljestvo).
registered by Belgium (towards France and luxembourg), another by Bulgaria (towards Germany and France), another by Germany (towards Italy), and another by Ireland (towards lithuania and the UK).
prihaja do zamud v postopkih izvršitve ENPP-jev v primerjavi z drugimi državami članicami EU. Eurojust spodbuja države članice, da ga sproti in pravilno obveščajo o prekoračitvi rokov in razlogih za zamude.
Issues identified in the practical application of the EAW
• Ugotovljene so težave v zvezi s sorazmernostjo.
In 2009, Eurojust identified the following issues in the practical application of the EAW:
V letu 2009 je Eurojust ugotovil, da obstajajo naslednja vprašanja glede uporabe ENPP-jev v praksi:
• Problems related to proportionality were identified. In particular, it was noted that many EAWs were issued for offences that were regarded by the executing Member State as being disproportionate given the minor nature of the offence and the high economic cost of processing the EAW.
• Če država izvršiteljica meni, da so višje kazni, ki bodo verjetno izrečene v tej državi, nesorazmerne, bo to še dodatno spodbudilo nenaklonjenost izvršitvi ENPP-jev.
A total of 30 cases of breach of time limits were reported to Eurojust in 2009.
V letu 2009 je bilo Eurojustu predloženih skupno 30 primerov prekoračitve rokov.
Three of these cases were registered in the College, as they required further action by the national Desks involved.
Trije primeri so bili predloženi kolegiju Eurojusta, ker je bilo potrebno ukrepanje vpletenih nacionalnih predstavništev.
Ireland referred the most cases to Eurojust (18), followed by the Czech Republic (5) and Hungary (2).
Irska je Eurojustu predložila največ primerov (18), sledita pa ji Češka republika (5) in Madžarska (2).
• The nationality of the requested person was considered in a number of
• V številnih primerih je predstavljala nacionalnost zahtevane osebe osnovni razlog za zavrnitev izvršitve ENPP-ja.
• If the executing Member State considered that the higher sentences likely to be imposed in the issuing Member State were disproportionate, this fostered reluctance to execute EAWs.
• Ugotovljeni so praktični problemi v zvezi s pravilom specialnosti, ko je bila zahtevana oseba po predaji dodatno obdolžena drugih kaznivih dejanj.
documents, asked the court to be surrendered to Germany.
tov, je zaprosila sodišče za predajo Nemčiji.
However, after consultation among the parties involved in the case, Eurojust recommended surrender to France in view of the gravity of the allegations there.
Po posvetu vseh vpletenih strani je Eurojust priporočil predajo Franciji, glede na težo obtožbenih navedb. bolgarsko sodišče je upoštevalo Eurojustovo priporočilo in sklenilo, da zahtevano osebo preda Franciji.
The Bulgarian court followed Eurojust’s recommendation and decided to surrender the requested person to France.
• Ovire pri predaji so bile ugotovljene tudi v primeru, ko je zahtevana oseba prestajala zaporno kazen v državi izvršiteljici za kaznivo dejanje, za katero je bila obsojena v drugi državi članici.
In one of the cases, the Bulgarian authorities received two EAWs relating to the same person (from France and Germany).
V enemu od teh primerov so bolgarski organi prejeli dva ENPP-ja v zvezi z isto osebo (iz Francije in Nemčije).
Eurojust was requested to give advice on which EAW should be given priority.
Eurojust je bil zaprošen za nasvet, kateri ENPP naj se obravnava kot prednostni.
The requested person, charged with, among other crimes, fraud, participation in a criminal organisation and forgery of administrative
Zahtevana oseba, ki je bila med drugimi kaznivimi dejanji obdolžena tudi goljufije, sodelovanja v kriminalni združbi in ponarejanja administrativnih dokumen-
33 charged with other crimes after the surrender.
33 lago za vrnitev državljanov, so skušale uporabiti Konvencijo Sveta Evrope iz leta 1983 o transferju obsojenih oseb.
and anticipate and satisfy requests for additional information. In these cases, the involvement of Eurojust was crucial to accelerate proceedings and avoid delays.
• Vprašanje trajanja pripora, ki ga mora zahtevana oseba prebiti v državi izvršiteljici po uspešni predaji, se je ponovilo v številnih postopkih.
• Obstacles to surrender were also identified when the requested person was serving a sentence in the executing Member State for which he had been convicted in a different Member State.
• Pomanjkljive informacije o izdanih EN-PP-jih in zaprosilih za posredovanje dodatnih informacij so povzročile zamude v številnih postopkih.
• Delays in translations and in the delivery of the original version of the EAW (when required by the law of the executing Member State) led in a number of cases to the release of the arrested person.
• Težave so se pojavljale v zvezi s sodnimi obravnavami v odsotnosti, zlasti med tistimi državami članicami, kjer ni potrebno, da je osumljenec osebno seznanjen s postopkom, če ima pravnega zastopnika, in po drugi strani tistimi državami članicami, kjer je ta seznanjenost obvezna v skladu s členom 5(1) Okvirnega sklepa o ENPP.
Different Member States, not considering the EAW FD as the appropriate legal basis for the return of nationals, sought to apply the 1983 Council of Europe Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons.
Predaje so bile zavrnjene tudi v primerih, ko je izvršilni organ ocenil, da obstaja majhna možnost, da bo zahtevana oseba zaprosila za ponovno obravnavo v državi izdajateljici.
• Missing information in issued EAWs and requests to supply additional information caused delays in many proceedings.
• Zaradi razlik v pravnih sistemih držav članic, zlasti med običajnim pravom in civilnim pravom, so nastale številne težave, ki so bile rešene s posredovanjem Eurojusta.
• Problems were identified in relation to trials in absentia. In particular, difficulties arose between Member States where a suspect need not be personally aware of the proceedings if legally represented and, on the other hand, Member States where such knowledge is required pursuant to article 5(1) of the EAW FD.
V primerih, ko je država z običajnim pravom zahtevala zagotovilo za kazenski pregon zahtevane osebe v državi izdajateljici (državi s civilnim pravom), je Eurojust spodbujal medsebojno zaupanje med pravosodnimi organi in pripomogel k obojestranskemu razumevanju različnih pravnih sistemov.
Eurojust supported national authorities
Skupne preiskovalne skupine
• Differences in the legal systems of Member States, in particular between common law and civil law systems, raised a number of issues that were solved through the mediation of Eurojust.
• Razlike v pravnih sistemih glede dosmrtnega zapora so prav tako privedle do težav pri izvršitvi ENPP-jev.
For example, in cases where a common law country demanded a guarantee that the requested person would be prosecuted in the issuing
Eurojust je podpiral nacionalne organe pri doseganju skupnih dogovorov o pogojih zagotovila, ki mora biti predloženo v skladu s členom 5(2) Okvirnega sklepa o ENPP.
• Problems of translation, in particular with respect to crime descriptions and factual circumstances, led on a number of occasions to the breach of time limits for the decision to execute the EAW.
• Težave pri prevajanju zlasti opisov kaznivih dejanj in dejanskih okoliščin so v številnih primerih povzročile prekoračitev rokov za odločitev o izvršitvi ENPP-ja.
Eurojust provided support in the issuing of EAWs in an effort to avoid linguistic misunderstandings
Eurojust si je podporo pri izdaji ENPP-jev prizadeval zagotavljati s preprečevanjem jezikovnih nesporazumov ter predvidevanjem oziroma izpolnjevanjem zaprosil za dodatne informacije.
34 additionally Eurojust was notified about the setting up of JITs in 10 cases.
V teh primerih je bilo sodelovanje Eurojusta bistvenega pomena za pospešitev postopkov in preprečevanje zamud.
Commission or through Eurojust itself via its JIT Funding Project, Eurojust always has the possibility to become a member.
• Težave so bile prisotne tudi pri vračanju državljanov v skladu s členom 5(3) Okvirnega sklepa o ENPP.
Member State (a civil law country), Eurojust’s intervention enhanced mutual trust between judicial authorities and facilitated mutual understanding of the different legal systems involved.
Različne države članice, ki ne upoštevajo Okvirnega sklepa kot primerno pravno pod-
Eurojust’s central role in the creation as well as during the operation of a JIT and its follow-up, usually by means of a prosecution, has been increasingly recognised by practitioners and is also reflected in EU legislation.
Eurojustova osrednja vloga pri ustanovitvi in poteku aktivnosti skupne preiskovalne skupine ter pri nadaljnjem delu, običajno med kazenskim pregonom, je vedno bolj priznana s strani praktikov in je upoštevana tudi v zakonodaji EU.
In an effort to remedy the situation, the JIT Manual, created jointly by Eurojust and Europol, has been praised by practitioners across the European Union, and is now available as Council Document 13598/09 of 23 September 2009 in all 23 official languages.
• Zamude pri prevajanju in izročitvi originalne verzije ENPP-ja (ko to zahteva zakonodaja države izvršiteljice) je v številnih primerih privedlo do izpustitve prijete osebe.
Eurojust encourages and supports enhanced judicial training, including practical experiences with JITs, to improve acceptance and familiarity of JITs and their legal framework.
34 izidom. Ko bo novi Sklep o Eurojustu v celoti implementiran v vseh državah članicah, bo Eurojust imel edinstveno vlogo kot edina kontaktna točka v Evropi, ki bo lahko posredovala dejanske podatke o oceni in uporabi skupnih delovnih skupin v EU.
During 2009, Eurojust continued to play an important role in the development and creation of JITs, both by providing general support and by assisting in operational cases.
nih skupinah, ki sta ga skupaj pripravila Eurojust in Europol, in so ga praktiki po vsej EU sprejeli z navdušenjem.
Eurojust national Members were involved as participants in 7 JITs and
Priročnik je sedaj na voljo v vseh 23 uradnih jezikih kot Dokument Sveta 13598/09 z dne 23. septembra 2009.
Eurojust applied for funding from the European Commission in 2008, and
Priročnik o skupnih preiskovalnih skupinah je objavljen tudi na spletnih straneh Eurojusta, Europola in Sveta.
Two articles from the new Eurojust Decision specifically relate to Eurojust’s role in JITs.
Dva člena iz novega Sklepa o Eurojustu sta posebej namenjena Eurojustovi vlogi pri skupnih preiskovalnih skupinah.