natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
For the longer term, other effects of climate change could become more extensive."Acidification is a big problem," explains the scientist.
Dolgoročneje bi se tudi drugi učinki podnebnih sprememb lahko še okrepili.„Zakisljevanje je zelovelik problem,“ nadaljuje znanstvenik.„Gre za zelo veliko spremembo, saj se napoveduje stopnjakislosti oceanov, ki že milijone let ni bila dosežena.
"It is a major change, because theprojections announce a level of acidity in the oceans that has not been seen for thousands of years.The phenomenon has only been studied for two or three years and its consequences are still verypoorly known.
Ta pojav se proučuje šele zadnji dve ali tri leta innjegove posledice so še zelo slabo poznane.
Animals with a calcareous skeleton will suffer the consequences.
Občutile jih bodo predvsem živali z apnenčastimokostjem.
We also know thatsquid are sensitive to high acidity and present a limited capacity to adapt. The consequencesshould not begin to be felt for a few decades." la g eu l
Vemo tudi, da so lignji občutljivi na visoke stopnje kislosti in se nanje le težko prilagodijo.Posledice tega bi se morale čutiti v nekaj desetletjih.“ la g eu l
The most spectacular effect of climate change on fisheries is the shift in the geographical range of certainspecies.
Največji vpliv podnebnih sprememb na ribištvo je premikanje območij porazdelitve nekaterih vrst.
Red mullet and seabass, for example, are now being fished commercially in the North Sea and westof the British Iles.
Progasti bradač in brancin sta tako postala komercialni vrsti v Severnem morju in zahodno od Britanskega otočja.
"For increases in global averagetemperature exceeding 1.5-2.5° C and in concomitantatmospheric carbon dioxideconcentrations, there areprojected to be major changesin ecosystem structure andfunction, species' ecologicalinteractions and species'geographic ranges, withpredominantly negativeconsequences for biodiversity ,and ecosystem goods andservices e.g., water and foodsupply." – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,Climate Change 2007: Impacts,Adaptation and Vulnerability –Summary for Policymakers,Brussels, 6 April 2007.
„Ob zvišanju povprečnetemperature za več kot 1,5–2,5 °C in enakem povečanjukoncentracije CO2v ozračjuprojekcije kažejo na velikespremembe v strukturi indelovanju ekosistemov, v okoljskih medsebojnih vplivih vrst in v območjihporazdelitve vrst, kar bovečinoma negativno vplivalo na biotsko raznovrstnost ter na dobrine in storitve, ki jihzagotavljajo ekosistemi, naprimer na oskrbo z vodo inhrano.“ – Medvladni forum za spremembo podnebja,Podnebne spremembe 2007:vplivi, prilagoditev in ranljivost –Povzetek za nosilce odločanja,Bruselj, 6. april 2007.
The fact remains that the Kyoto Protocol will not be enough to keepclimate change under control.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has drawn up a number of scenarios detailing theclimate's evolution during the 21st century2.
Vendar okvir Kjotskega protokola ne bo dovolj za omejitev podnebnihsprememb. Medvladni forum za spremembo podnebja (IPCC) jepripravil več scenarijev razvoja podnebja v 21. stoletju2. Že sedajvemo, da je treba segrevanje planeta ohraniti v mejah 1,5-2,5 °C, čehočemo preprečiti nepopravljivo ali celo katastrofalno škodo.
Doing so requires a 30% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 levels.
Da bi todosegli, je treba emisije toplogrednih plinov zmanjšati za 30 % vprimerjavi z ravnmi iz leta 1990.
The European Union is firmly committed to combating climatechange.
Evropska unija je globoko predana boju proti podnebnimspremembam.
Last February, the 27 Member States, acting on a Commission recommendation, set out an ambitiousprogramme: to reduce our greenhouse gas emissions by 20%by the year 2020 and to increase the share of renewable energyto 20%.
Februarja letos si je 27 držav članic napriporočilo Komisije zadalo visoko zastavljene cilje: do leta2020 za 20 % zmanjšati emisije toplogrednih plinov inpovečati delež obnovljivih energij na 20 %.
Achieving thisobjective will mean that economic sectors as well as citizens will have to rethink their energy consumption patterns.
Za dosego tega ciljabodo gospodarski sektorji in državljani prisiljeni še enkratrazmisliti o svoji porabi energije.
And fisheries will be part of this process.
Tudi ribištvo, seveda.
Atthe Earth Summit in June 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, some hundred Heads of State or Government adopted the United Nations Convention
NaKonferenci o okolju in razvoju, ki je junija 1992 potekala v Riu de Janeiru, je kakih sto voditeljev držav sprejelo Okvirnokonvencijo konvencijo
At the start of 2007, the EU sets its objective of limiting the increase inthe planet's average temperatures to 2 °C from pre-industrial age levels.Obviously, achieving that objective will not depend on Europe alone,but will require efforts from every country in the world.
EU je v začetku leta 2007 določila cilj omejiti povečanje povprečnihtemperatur planeta na 2 °C v primerjavi z ravnmi iz predindustrijskedobe. Cilj, katerega izpolnitev seveda ni odvisna samo od Evrope,ampak od prizadevanj vseh držav sveta.
Yet by placingitself in that perspective and setting an example to prove that theobjective can be reached, the EU intends to bring a good manygovernments along in this dynamic.
V ta namen namerava EU, pričemer bo na primer pokazala, da je ta cilj dosegljiv, k temu dogajanjupritegniti veliko vlad.
on Climate Change1,in which they agreed to reduce their greenhousegas emissions.
Združenih narodov o podnebnih spremembah1, s katero so se zavezali kzmanjšanju svojih emisij toplogrednih plinov.
That commitment in principle became concrete in 1997,in Kyoto, when the industrialised nations set an objective for 2012: to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) by 5% from 1990 levels.
Ta načelna zaveza jedobila konkretnejšo obliko leta 1997 v Kyotu, ko so si industrijske državedoločile cilj za leto 2012: zmanjšati emisije ogljikovega plina (CO2) za 5 % v primerjavi z ravnmi iz leta 1990.
The European Union, which accounts for 15% of global emissions,undertook to reduce its emissions by 8%.
Evropska unija (EU), ki jeodgovorna za 15 % svetovnih emisij, se je zavezala, da jih bo zmanjšalaza 8 %.
Concretely, European leaders have agreed to reduce the Union'sgreenhouse gas emissions by 20% by 2020 and to generate 20% of itsenergy from renewable sources.
Konkretno, evropski voditelji so se zavezali, da bodo do leta 2020 za20 % zmanjšali emisije toplogrednih plinov v EU in da bodo 20 % porabljene energije pridobili iz obnovljivih virov.
The drive to decrease greenhouse gasemissions will even have to be raised to a 30% target for all developedcountries if a global-level agreement is reached for the post-2012period.
Emisijetoplogrednih plinov bodo vse razvite države morale zmanjšati celo za30 %, če bo za obdobje po letu 2012 sklenjen sporazum na svetovniravni.
And what about fisheries?
Kaj pa ribištvo?
The EU's first combat was to save the Kyoto Protocol, which barelyescaped becoming a dead letter due to the defection of the United States and Australia in 2002.
Prvi boj, v katerega se je podala EU, je bil rešiti Kjotski protokol, ki jezaradi nepodpisa Združenih držav in Avstralije leta 2002 skoraj ostalmrtva črka na papirju.
At the price of a considerable diplomaticeffort, the European Commission succeeded in maintaining theaccession of all the other partners, which enabled the Protocol to enterinto force on 16 February 2005.
Med pomembnimi diplomatskimi prizadevanji je Evropski komisiji uspelo ohraniti podporo vseh drugih partneric, kar jeomogočilo začetek veljavnosti Protokola 16. februarja 2005.
The EU thus became the de factorleader of the struggle to save the climate.
EU jedejansko postala voditeljica v boju za rešitev podnebja.
Most importantly, though, the EU matched its words with actions,taking measures to reduce the use of fossil fuels.Those measures todayconcern society as a whole.
Vendar je EU besede predvsem podprla z dejanji, saj je sprejela ukrepeza zmanjšanje uporabe fosilnih energij.Ti ukrepi danes zadevajocelotno družbo.
Here are a few examples:
Nekaj primerov:
In 1998, the Commission reached an agreement with vehiclemanufacturersto decrease average CO2emissions from newvehicles by 25%.
Ta ukrep seveda zadeva tudi ribištvo kot porabnika dizelskega goriva.Sektor ulova predstavlja 1,2 % svetovne porabe naftnih proizvodov inzahteva 640 litrov goriva na tono iztovora.
Manufacturers must clearly display the fuelconsumption and emissions of their models.
Gre za povprečje, saj zlahkoto ugotovimo, da so energetske potrebe pri ribolovu spridnenimi vlečnimi mrežami jasno višje od energetskih potreb priribolovu z mirujočimi mrežami.
A directive adopted in 2001 sets targets for the use ofrenewable energy:12% of energy and 22% of electricityconsumed in 2010 must be generated from renewable sources.
po letu 2001 ena od direktiv določa cilje na področju uporabeobnovljivih energij:12 % energije in 22 % električne energije,porabljenih v letu 2010, mora biti pridobljenih iz obnovljivihvirov; o p i
The Commission recently launched a study on this important question,with the aim of identifying all possible changes and analysing theirprofitability over time.
Komisija je nedavno začela študijo o tem pomembnem vprašanju, da bi opredelila vse mogoče rešitve in proučila njihovo časovnodonosnost.
Upon its conclusion, online information will bemade available to operators via a regularly updated website.
Na podlagi te študije bodo na spletu objavljeneinformacije, ki bodo vsem poklicnim akterjem dostopne prek spletnestrani in se bodo redno posodabljale.
•Since 2003, all new and renovated buildings must comply withminimumenergy efficiencystandards.
•od leta 2003 naprej je treba pri vseh novih in obnovljenihzgradbah upoštevati minimalne standarde na področjuenergetske učinkovitosti; vE v ro
It is also important to note that measures taken to protect resourcesand maintain stocks at their optimal level also help reduce energyconsumption. Improved management will make stocks moreabundant and lessen the fishing effort needed to exploit them.
•od leta 2005 naprej evropski sistem trgovanja z emisijamidoloča kvote emisij CO2za 12 000 podjetij iz sektorjev energije,železarstva, nafte, cementa, papirja, stekla in keramike;
• The European emissions trading schemecame into force in2005, imposing CO2emissions quotas on 12 000 companies inthe sectors of energy, steel, petroleum, cement, paper, glass andceramics.
Vendar je treba tudi poudariti, da ukrepi, sprejeti za zaščito virov inohranitev najboljše ravni staležev, omogočajo tudi zmanjšanje porabeenergije.
•Also since 2005, the directive on the promotion and use ofbiofuelsimposes the use of 5.75% biofuel for transport by 2010.
Boljše upravljanje staležev bo povečalo njihov obseg inzmanjšalo ribolovni napor, potreben za njihovo izkoriščanje.
The fisheries sector, like many others, is on the frontline in the battleagainst climate change.
Ribiški sektor je kot še veliko drugih torej na čelu ukrepov protisegrevanju podnebja.
With this policy, the EU looks set to meet its Kyoto targets, in spite ofthe difficulty of controlling emissions from transport, which have risenby 22% in the EU from 1990 levels (40% for trucks).
Velika škoda, ki bi jo tako segrevanje lahkopovzročilo za ribolovno dejavnost, je najboljša spodbuda, da se vanjoodločno vključi.
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Osebna izkaznica
Romania's fleet is mostly composed of small craft that fish with a fixed net in coastal waters.
Romunsko ladjevje večinoma sestavljajo majhne obrtniškeladje, ki z mirujočimi mrežami lovijo vzdolž obal.
Romania: a sector on ice
Romunija: sektor na stranskem tiru
Following the enlargement of 1 January 2007, the European Union's borders now stretch to the Black Sea on the shores of Romania and Bulgaria.Two new sets of fishermen have joinedthe Common Fisheries Policy.
Po širitvi 1. januarja 2007 Evropska unija prek romunskih in bolgarskih obal sega do Črnega morja.
In Romania, the sector has tocope with both environmental and economic problems.
V skupno ribiškopolitiko sta se vključili dve novi ribiški skupnosti.
The1970s and 1980s in Romania saw intensive production inmaritime and inland fisheries, as well as in aquaculture.
V Romuniji se ta sektor sooča s težavami, ki so povezane z okoljem in gospodarstvom.
This small-scale fishing is practiced in boats operated by one or two fishermen (3 000 operators are registered).
Gre za obrtniški ribolov s čolni, ki jih upravlja eden ali dva ribiča(registriranih je 3 000 poklicnih ribičev).
They fish forfresh water species like allis shad, common bream, zander, pike,wels catfish and different species of carp.
Lovijo sladkovodne vrste,kot so čepa, kostanjevka, smuč, ščuka, som in različne vrstekrapov.
The Danube and thebrackish waters close to the delta are home to several species ofsturgeons, including the famous beluga, all of which are indanger of extinction.
Donava in rahlo slankaste vode blizu delte skrivajo večvrst jesetrov, med katerimi je znana beluga, vsem pa groziizumrtje.
Romania has just adopted a 10-yearmoratorium on sturgeon fishing to encourage stock recovery.
Sicer pa je Romunija pred kratkim razglasila desetletnimoratorij na lov na jesetre, da bi pospešila obnovo tega staleža.
Consumption peaked at 12 kg a year per inhabitant, one of thehighest in Central Europe.
Poraba je dosegla 12 kg/leto/prebivalca, kar je ena odnajvečjih v Srednji Evropi.
The Romanian fleet operated in the East Atlantic all the way to South Africa.
Romunsko ladjevje je lovilo v vzhodnem Atlantiku vse do južne Afrike. Ribogojna proizvodnja je bilašestkrat večja od današnje.
From 1989, privatisation ofthe sector in a context of economic recession resulted in radicalchanges.
Po letu 1989 je privatizacija sektorja vokviru gospodarske recesije radikalno spremenila razmere.
Aquaculture production has gradually dropped from 35 000 tonnes in 1990 to 7 000 tonnes in 2005.
Proizvodnja v ribogojstvu se je s 35 000 ton v letu 1990 postopoma zmanjšala na 7 000 ton v letu 2005.
Providing workfor 1 800 people, it is practised exclusively in fresh water, innatural or artificial ponds, and produces different kinds of carp, in the Eastern European tradition.
V tej dejavnosti je zaposlenih 1 800 oseb, izvaja pa se izključno v sladkih vodah, v naravnih ali umetnih jezerih, in proizvajarazlične vrste krapov, kot je v Srednji Evropi že tradicija.
The Romanian authorities planto develop aquaculture with support from the European Fisheries Fund: a large part of the € 230 million allocated to Romania forthe period up to 2013 is earmarked for aquaculture products.
Romunskiorgani nameravajo ribogojstvo razviti s podporo Evropskegasklada za ribištvo: velik del 230 milijonov EUR, predvidenih za Romunijo do leta 2013, je tako namenjenih ribogojnimprojektom.
With consumption currently totalling only 4.4 kg per person per year, the Romanian market is not currently ready for thedevelopment of a processing industry. There is only one big plantfor fish smoking and salting in the Danube delta, which has some200 employees.
S porabo, ki je do danes padla na 4,4 kg/prebivalca/leto, sedanjiromunski trg ni naklonjen razvoju predelovalne industrije.Obstaja samo ena velika tovarna za nasoljevanje in prekajevanjerib, ki zaposluje 200 oseb in se nahaja v delti Donave.
Maritime fishing activity has refocused on the Black Sea for thelast 15 years.
Morski ribolov se je v zadnjih petnajstih letih znova preusmeril na Črno morje.
From 14 000 tonnes in 1988, production dropped to6 000 tonnes in 1990 and has plummeted to 2 000 tonnes today.Landings are composed mainly of small pelagic species (85%),essentially sprats (75%).
Proizvodnja se je s 14 000 ton v letu 1988 zmanjšalana 6 000 ton v letu 1990, danes pa znaša samo 2 000 ton. Iztovorobsega predvsem male pelagične vrste (85 %), večinoma papaline(75 %).
Other catches (20 to 50 tonnes a year)include anchovies, whiting, Black Sea shad (a type of herring thatswims back up the Danube, as far as 80 km from the mouth of theriver), Black Sea turbot, different types of mullet and, dependingon the year, Atlantic bonito.
Druge ulovljene vrste (med 20 in 50 tonami letno) sosardon, mol, črnomorska čepa (vrsta sleda, ki plava navzgor po Donavi do 80 km od ustja), črnomorski romb, različne vrste cipljain, glede na posamezno leto, palamida.
A sea plagued by eutrophication and invaders
Evtrofično in okupirano morje
Given the scarcity of scientific data on Black Sea fish resources, it ishard to identify the causes of the decline of the Romanian fishingsector other than a lack of economic investments.
Zaradi pomanjkanja znanstvenih dokazov o ribolovnih virih v Črnem morju je težko s prstom pokazati na druge vzroke zapropadanje romunskega ribištva kot na dezinvestiranje vgospodarstvu.
It is wellestablished that the Black Sea suffers from environmentalproblems that are now being addressed (see box), but in the lackof systematic stock evaluation, it is difficult to know their realimpact on fisheries.
Znano je, da so Črno morje prizadele okoljsketežave, ki se trenutno rešujejo (glej okvir), vendar je brezsistematične ocene staležev težko ugotoviti, kakšen je njihovdejanski vpliv na ribištvo.
At the initiative of the European Commission,Romania is gearing up for discussions with the other statesbordering the Black Sea (Turkey, Ukraine, Russia and Georgia) tolay the bases for shared stock management.
Na pobudo Evropske komisije sotrenutno v pripravi razprave z drugimi obalnimi državami (Turčija,Ukrajina, Rusija, Gruzija), da bi položili temelje za upravljanjeskupnih staležev.
The Black Sea concentrates all the pollution carried by the three huge river basins that flow into it: the Danube, the Dniepr and the Don.
V Črno morje se steka vse onesnaženje, ki ga s sebojprinašajo tri ogromna povodja, ki ga oskrbujejo Donava,Dneper in Don.
The biggest problemis eutrophication1, caused by agricultural fertilisers anduntreated waste water. It leads to the decline of the seabed, excessive plankton growth and loss of biodiversity.
Problem št. 1 je evtrofikacija1, ki jopovzročajo kmetijska gnojila in neočiščene odpadne vode.Odgovorna je za propadanje morskega dna, cvetenje alg inzmanjševanje biotske raznovrstnosti.
Inthe past few years, some improvement has been observedthanks to the work of international bodies such as the Black in E e
Že nekaj let seugotavlja napredek zaradi prizadevanj mednarodnihorganizacij, kot sta Komisija za Črno morje2, kar zadeva
The Romanian fleet is made up of around 450 vessels, mostlysmall craft that fish with a fixed net in coastal waters.
Romunsko ladjevje sestavlja približno 450 ladij, večinoma majhnihobrtniških ladij, ki z mirujočimi mrežami lovijo vzdolž obal.
Ten or sotrawlers still fish for small pelagic species in the 12-mile coastalzone.
Kakihdeset delujočih plovil z vlečnimi mrežami lovi male pelagičnevrste v priobalnem pasu 12 milj.
Sea Commission2, for environmental recovery, and the ICPDR3, for improvement of the quality of the waters of the
vE v ro obnovo okolja, in ICPDR3, kar zadeva izboljšanje kakovostivode, ki prihaja iz Donave.
The communities of the Danube delta depend heavily on thisactivity, which has also suffered from the decline of the sector.Production slipped from 26 000 tonnes in 1988 to 13 000 tonnesin 1990 and dropped to 4 000 tonnes in 2005.
Skupnosti izdelte Donave so odvisne predvsem od te dejavnosti, ki jo je pravtako prizadelo propadanje sektorja. Proizvodnja se je s 26 000 tonv letu 1988 zmanjšala na 13 000 ton v letu 1990, v letu 2005 pa jepadla na 4 000 ton.
The other problem is the proliferation of a species ofjellyfish, the American Ctenophore, or comb jelly,(Mnemiopsis leidyi), which was accidentally introducedaround 1980 via the ballast water of ships.
Še en problem je hitra rast vrste meduze, ameriška meduza(Mnemiopsis leidyi),ki se je okrog leta 1980 naselila ponaključju, in sicer z balastno vodo z ladij.
Feeding onplankton, eggs and larvae, it caused a collapse in stocks ofsmall native pelagic species.
Ker se hrani splanktonom, jajčeci in ličinkami, je povzročila zmanjšanjeavtohtonih populacij malih pelagičnih vrst.
It is now falling victim toanother West Atlantic ctenophore (Beroe ovata),which feedsexclusively on other jellyfish and is currently decimating the American comb jelly.
Ta meduza jedanes tudi sama žrtev rebrače (Beroe ovata),ki se hraniizključno z drugimi meduzami in ki že desetka ameriškomeduzo.
Turbot farming: a luxury product nurtures a growing industry
Gojeni romb: luksuzni proizvod v polnem razcvetu
Turbot (Psetta maxima) is a large flat fish prized bygourmets for its refined flesh.
Romb (Psetta maxima)je velika bokopluta, ki jo gastronomizelo cenijo zaradi nežnega mesa.
While catches of the wild fishare constantly declining, turbot farming is experiencingrapid expansion, with new economic prospects opening upfor the 20-year old industry, in both Eastern and Western Europe.
Medtem ko se njegov ulovnenehno zmanjšuje, pa je za gojenje romba, ki ima že večkot 20-letno tradicijo, značilna rast, ki odpira gospodarskepriložnosti tako na zahodu kot vzhodu Evrope.
The European market has developed primarily in Spain and France, with production from other states accounting for barely3%.
Kotza številne vrste je tudi za romb značilno zmanjševanjeulova v vseh morjih, kjer se lovi. Na atlantski obali Evropske unijeta trenutno znaša samo 5 000 ton in se je zmanjšal za tretjino v
With 5 500 tonnes in 2005, Spain, and more precisely, Galicia,dominates the market.
S 5 500 tonami vletu 2005 ima jasno vodilno mesto na trgu Španija, natančneje Galicija.
Stolt Sea Farm is the leading EU producer(4 000 tonnes).
Skupina Stolt Sea Farm je glavna proizvajalka v EU (4 000 ton).
It has six hatcheries and six farms in Galicia, a farmin Centro (Portugal), another in Aquitaine (France) and stillanother in Sørlandet (Norway).
Upravlja dve drstišči in šest farm v Galiciji ter po enofarmo v Centru (Portugalska), Akvitaniji (Francija) in Sørlandetu(Norveška).
Ranking second is Pescanova, a Spanish agri-business multinational that is also active in preservesand frozen foods. It runs a hatchery and two farms in Galicia.
Druga je Pescanova, španska živilska multinacionalka,dejavna tudi na področju konzerviranja in zamrznjenih izdelkov, kiima v Galiciji drstišče in dve farmi.
In the absence of existing scientific studies on this species, the European Commission has asked scientific bodies to evaluate the stock todetermine whether protection measures are needed.
Ker posebnih študij o tej vrsti ni, je Evropskakomisija znanstvene institucije zaprosila, naj ocenijo ta ribji stalež,da bi ugotovili, ali so potrebni zaščitni ukrepi.
Meanwhile,turbot in the North Sea is subject to a shared quota with brill of 4 323 tonnes for 2007.
Do takrat za romb v Severnem morju velja skupna kvota z gladkim rombom, ki v letu2007 znaša 4 323 ton.
Some 85% of catches come from the North Sea, the Channel and the Celtic Sea.
85 % ulova skupaj prihaja iz Severnega morja, Rokavskega prelivain Keltskega morja.
The Netherlands has an outstanding fleet for catching flat fish and is far and away the top producer (1 915 tonnes in 2005).
Daleč največja proizvajalka je Nizozemska (1 915 ton v letu 2005), katere ladjevje je še posebej uspešno prilovu na bokoplute.
Galicia's dominance of the sector stems from the quality of its seawaters, whose temperature is ideal for turbot (around 17° C).
Galicija je pomembna zaradi kakovosti svojih morskih voda,katerih temperatura je kot nalašč za romb (približno 17 °C).
As a result, fish farmers can work in an open circuit, i.e. continuallyrenewing tank water with water from the sea. Further north, the water is too cold in winter (and sometimes too warm insummer), obliging farmers to use a recirculation system, withwhich the tank water is largely recycled, reoxygenated andreheated (or recooled) in an internal circuit.
To ribogojcem omogoča, da delajo v odprtem krogotoku, topomeni, da vodo iz bazenov nenehno obnavljajo z vodo iz morja.Severneje je voda pozimi premrzla (in včasih prevroča poleti), zatouporabljajo sistem za kroženje vode, s katerim se voda iz bazenovv veliki meri reciklira, ponovno obogati s kisikom in segreje (aliohladi) v notranjem krogotoku.