natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Equally importantare the partnership agreementswe enterinto with nations which have no interest infishing in EU waters, but which can benefitfrom our financial and technical support asthey seek to develop their own nationalfisheries sector on a sustainable basis. Many,though not all, of these Fisheries Partnership Agreements (FPAs) are with countries in thedeveloping world.
Zato lahko v okviru skupnih ekoloških standardov, določenih na ravni EU, vsaka država članica izbere vrsto nacionalne ribiške industrije, ki jo želi spodbujati, v skladu s svojimi temeljnimi gospodarskimi odločitvami, socialnimi prednostnimi nalogami in kulturnimi tradicijami.
The fishing pressure exerted by theseso-called ‘artisanal’ fleets can be manytimes that of the EU fleet in theregion.The vast majority of the people whoundertake the illegal and often tragicjourney by sea to the Canary Islandsare not fishermen or other locals, but people who have already travelledhundreds, if not thousands of miles to reach the coast before embarking.
Vloga evropskih institucij in zlasti Komisije ni vsiljevanje enotnega industrijskega modela ali mikroupravljanje nalog, ki jih lahko veliko učinkoviteje in pregledneje opravljajo ljudje na nižjih ravneh, temveč zagotavljanje, da se ta svoboda ne zlorablja za izkrivljanje konkurence in neupravičeno prednostno obravnavo državljanov ene države v primerjavi z drugimi.
EU boatsfishing under FPAs are generally notpermitted to fish within the 12-milezone, which is reserved for the localartisanal fleets.
Nacionalni organi so dejansko tesno vključeni v celoten proces razvoja politik.
Overcoming poverty and ensuring foodsecurity in West Africa are major challenges, both for the governments of theregion, and for international donors,such as the EU.
Dialog med Komisijo in Svetom ni omejen na pomembne ministrske sestanke, temveč deluje kot stalno posvetovanje prek delovnih skupin Sveta, v katerih se razpravlja o osnutkih in se ti kritizirajo, oblikujejo se stališča in opredeljujejo mogoče kompromisne rešitve.
But the EU’s FPAs are notpart of that problem. Indeed, they may bepart of its solution.
Tudi tako se Komisija obvešča ne le o stališčih vlad, temveč tudi o vložku, ki so ga te prejele od skupin nacionalnih zainteresiranih strani.
eignty is always paramount.
Komisija se tudi nepo-
In the past, the EU’s agreements with countriesin the developing world have been criticisedfrom a number of angles.
Še pomembnejše je morda dejstvo, da so države članice odgovorne za izvajanje ribiške politike in nadzor nad njo.
Some NGOs describethem as ‘exporting’ overfishing, while certainpoliticians charge the EU with ‘overpaying’ foropportunities which are not taken up in fullby the European fleet. The current generationof Fisheries Partnership Agreements seeks toanswer those criticisms, so as to ensure bothvalue for money for the EU taxpayer, andapositive contribution to our partners’ owndevelopment goals.
Po tem, ko države članice EU določijo skupne cilje z odločitvami v Svetu skupaj z minimalnimi pogoji, ki jih je treba izpolnjevati, in merili, ki jih je treba spoštovati za zagotavljanje enakih pogojev delovanja, morajo posamezne države določiti, kako bi bilo mogoče te osnovne smernice najbolje prevesti v prakso.
While much progress hasbeen made, there is certainlystill room forimprovement.
Njihove uprave za ribištvo nato opredelijo in vodijo podrobno izvajanje vsake politike.
In the absence of the FPAs,
Njihovi organi so edini odgovorni za nadzor
has been a major player in this process.
Odločanje v razširjeni Evropi
A cold watercoral reef can take many decades, if not centuries, to form, yet it can be destroyed in onlya few hours.
Evropski parlament zagotavlja dodatno stopnjo demokratičnega nadzora.
RFMOs have many critics. For some they areauthoritarian bodies which infringe on thefreedom of non-coastal states to exercisethe traditional freedom of the seas; for othersthey are weak, ineffective organisations,whose consensual decisionmaking processleaves them open to political manipulationand blocking manoeuvres which preventthem from taking adequate steps to managethe fisheries in their charge.
Njegovi poslanci igrajo pomembno vlogo pri pregledovanju in spreminjanju predlagane zakonodaje s temeljitim pregledom v Odboru za ribištvo Parlamenta (in v drugih odborih, kadar bodo obravnavana vprašanja vplivala na zadeve zunaj področja ribištva) in naknadnimi razpravami na plenarnih zasedanjih.
aglobal turnover of EUR 10 billion, makingit one of the largest fish producers in theworld.
Za kvalificirano večino je danes potrebnih 255 glasov.
And IUU is a big problem for the EU, asthe largest market for fish in the world. IUUimports into the EU have been conservativelyestimated at EUR 1.1 billion.
To pomeni, da vsaka odločitev, sprejeta na podlagi glasovanja s kvalificirano večino, pomeni izbiro večine držav članic in več kot 62% prebivalstva EU kot celote.
All this is moneylost to honest fishers who abide by the rules.And IUU is not just an economic problem, it isalso an ecological disaster.
Če obstajajo kakršni koli dvomi, lahko katera koli država članica zahteva preverjanje, da je bil dejansko dosežen 62-odstotni prag.
Moreover, they are the only bodies which have the legal authority to regulateand control high seas fisheries for the common good.
Če to ne drži, potem odločitev ni izglasovana.
In December 2006, the UN General Assemblyadopted a resolution calling on all states toact, individually, in collaboration with oneanother, and through the Regional Fisheries Management Organisations of which theyare members, to promote a truly precautionary approach to destructive fishing practicesin the high seas.
Glasovanje s kvalificirano večino je sistem, katerega namen je zagotoviti, da so odločitve, ki jih sprejmejo ministri držav članic v Svetu, v očeh evropskih državljanov zakonite.
In areas where no RFMO exists or is planned in the near future,the UN also called on flag states to takeappropriate measures to implement procedures for their own vessels to see that theprecautionary approach is respected.
To pomeni, da se namesto preproste dodelitve enega glasu vsaki državi ne glede na njeno velikost glasovi, ki jih ima posamezna država članica, tehtajo za odražanje njenega demografskega položaja.
IUU fishing is a threat not just to fish stocks,but more broadly to biodiversity.
Po zadnji širitvi Unije 1. januarja 2007 tako zdaj obstaja skupno 345 glasov.
However, scientists have now begun to piecetogether a better picture of what life may belike several thousand metres below the seasurface.
Države članice z največ prebivalci imajo od 27 do 29 glasov, srednje velike države od sedem do 14, male države pa tri ali štiri glasove.
At the RFMO level, the EU is now playingaleading role in developing measures andsystems to address this problem.
Poleg Parlamenta prejmeta vse zakonodajne predloge, ki jih vloži Komisija, tudi Ekonom-sko-socialni odbor in Odbor regij, ter imata možnost o njih podati svoje mnenje.
Recently ithas promoted measures in the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO) andthe South-East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO) to close deep water vulnerablemarine ecosystems to fishing, in particularthose associated with seamounts. It has alsorecently proposed further measures in NAFOto prevent damage when undertaking newfisheries in areas that have not yet beenexploited.
Predlogi se sporočijo tudi nacionalnim in regionalnim parlamentom v vseh 27 državah članicah, v zakonodajnem postopku EU pa obstajajo tudi strogi najkrajši roki, ki so posebno zasnovani, da izvoljenim članom teh organov omogočijo dovolj časa za svetovanje in zagotavljanje smernic njihovim vladam, kako se morajo v njihovem imenu pogajati v Svetu.
One of the major challenges facing fisheriesin the high seas is illegal, unreported andunregulated (IUU) fishing.
povzroči, da so državljani ene države članice diskriminacijsko obravnavani in se od njih zahteva, naj izpolnjujejo pogoje, ki drugim državljanom niso naloženi.
Since RFMOs arevoluntary organisations, while their rules arebinding, they are only binding on those parties which have become members.
Ena izmed glavnih pritožb zainteresiranih strani zoper SRP je, da v praksi ne vzpostavlja enakih pogojev delovanja.
Fishingoperations in open waters many thousandsof miles from shore are very difficult, andexceedingly expensive, to control.
Komisija zato igra ključno vlogo pri zagotavljanju, da države članice enakovredno izpolnjujejo svojo zavezo, ko se dokončno dogovorijo o neki politiki.
One consequence of this discovery has beenmounting concern about the impact ofdestructive fishing practices on vulnerablemarine habitats in the high seas.
SRP si tako lahko najbolje predstavljamo ne kot rigiden birokratski zasilni jopič, ki ga določi „Bruselj“, temveč kot medsebojno nenehno delo, pri katerem sodelujejo zainteresirane strani, upravno osebje in izvoljeni politiki iz vse Evrope za opredelitev upravljavskih ukrepov, ki so znanstveno utemeljeni in politično izvedljivi.
It is alsoclear from recent research that deep seabiodiversity is not evenly distributed.
Komisija je le eden izmed akterjev v tem procesu.
Rather,it is concentrated in specific‘biodiversity hotspots’, where local conditions are especiallyfavourable to the multiplication of variedlife forms.
Zelo verjetno je, da bomo v prihodnosti priča nadaljnji radikalni poenostavitvi okvira za upravljanje ribištva na ravni EU in celo večjemu prenosu odgovornosti na regionalno in nacionalno raven.
For the Common Fisheries Policy is not just concerned withprotecting fish stocks in EU waters.
Vendar ima Komisija zelo posebno vlogo, v kateri deluje na lastno pobudo in brez posvetovanja z drugimi institucijami.
It aims toensure that European fishers are among themost responsible in the world – whereverthey fish, and whatever flag they fly.
Komisija je kot skrbnica evropskih pogodb odgovorna za zagotavljanje, da se pravo EU v Evropski uniji uporablja pravilno in pošteno ter da njegovo nespoštovanje ne
The 17 RFMOs which exist today, or are in theprocess of being created, jointly managesome of the richest deep sea fishing groundsin the world.
Komisija ima pristojnost, da pred Evropskim sodiščem začne postopek proti državam članicam, če ne izvajajo pravilno SRP.
But not all international watershave fisheries rules and regulations to bebroken. And even in those areas which dohave RFMOs, not all fish stocks are regulated:some RFMOs specialise in certain species(tunas, salmon), and others lack the resources,both scientific and administrative, to issueregulations covering any but the most commercially valuable of their stocks.
Nedavne kritike o nadzoru nad SRP in njenem izvajanju, ki jih je med drugim izreklo Računsko sodišče EU, odpira vprašanje, ali bi bilo treba povečati pristojnosti Komisije na tem posebnem področju, da bi lahko bolj pravočasno in učinkoviteje ukrepala za zaščito trajnostnega ribištva.
IUU fishing is a huge business. Recent estimates suggest that the IUU industry has
To bo vprašanje, o katerem se bo verjetno precej razpravljalo med pripravo naslednje reforme SRP.
Aquaculture in the EU
Partnerji v trajnosti: znanstveniki
Fish farming is an ancient practice. The earliest known examples, in China, date back
Kateri koli stalež prostoživečih morskih rib je le del zapletenega biološkega sis-
trained entrepreneurial base, and our climate is appropriate for many of the speciescurrentlymost in demand by consumers.Perhaps our greatest asset is the rigorousquality standards we have set, to ensurethat aquaculture products are good forhuman consumption, good for the environment in which they are raised, andrespectful of the health of the animalsthemselves.
JE VA ročnih načrtov do nujnega prenehanja ribolova, z zagotavljanjem uglednega in konkretnega znanstvenega mnenja, ki presega zgolj biološko razsežnost in ga je mogoče hitro zagotoviti.
Yet it has failed to share in the millennium boom in the industry, as EU productionremained more or less constant since the turnof the century (around 1.3 million tonnesperannum in 2005).
Znanstveni, tehnični in gospodarski odbor za ribištvo (STECF) Evropske komisije je bil ustanovljen leta 1993 (Sklep Komisije št. 93/619/ES) in obnovljen leta 2005 (Sklep Komisije št. 2005/629/ES).
Europe has a number of key strengths inaquaculture.
Glavni cilji odbora STEFC so:
many of the drivers for the growth of aquaculture are necessarily found at regional ornational level, the Commission remains persuaded that more joined-up policy making at EU level can help unlock the sector’s potential,while continuing to uphold the highest standards of environmental sustainability, publichealth, and animal welfare.
Poleg tega zagotavlja obširne gospodarske in socialne nasvete, ne samo v zvezi z učinkom predlogov politike, temveč tudi v podporo boljšemu upravljanju (na primer glede učinka zavržkov) ali glede dinamike in gospodarske učinkovitosti flot.
area, following on from the EUR 80 millionwhich went to support aquaculture researchunder its predecessor.
tema, katerega obnašanje je seveda težko napovedovati.
Spatial planningmethods, such as integrated coastal zonemanagement, are among the priority initiatives being explored as part of the new European Maritime Policy.
Ker sta način razdelitve nekega staleža in uspešnost njegove reprodukcije odvisna od tako velikega števila dejavnikov, je njegov prihodnji razvoj precej negotov.
And a number ofspecific proposals for legislation, on organiclabelling of aquaculture products, for instance,or the conditions for introducing alien speciesinto the EU, have recently been adopted or arecurrently being finalised.
Zaradi učinka tehnološkega napredka vključeni dejavniki postajajo vse bolj – in ne manj – zapleteni, od inovativnega orodja in visoko razvite opreme za sledenje rib, ki ju uporabljajo nekateri komercialni ribiči, do širših učinkov morske onesnaženosti, obalnega razvoja in celo globalnega segrevanja.
While many of the drivers of aquaculturedevelopment are to be found at national orlocal level, the EU still has a significant role toplay in establishing a framework for the sustainable development of the industry whichwill ensure a level playing field for entrepreneurs and provide a solid basis for consumerconfidence.
Dejansko sta tempo in obseg takih sprememb med razlogi, zakaj znanost o morju tako težko sledi živim sistemom in oblikuje modele živih sistemov, ki sestavljajo naše oceane.
Much has happened since the Commissionadopted its strategy for the sustainabledevelopment of European aquaculture in2002, with most of the actions set out thennow well underway. The European Fisheries Fund specifies sustainable aquaculture asone of its priority axes.
izboljšati kakovost političnih odločitev in pospešiti postopek odločanja; zagotavljati mehanizme hitrega odzivanja na nujne politične potrebe in spodbujati sodelovanje raziskovalcev na političnem prizorišču.
Yet none of these initiatives have been ableto avert the stagnation that has beset thesector.
Ribiči imajo veliko znanja o obnašanju staležev rib – vrsto znanja, ki jo je sicer težko pridobiti.
Indeed, a number of the challengesidentified in 2002 are still very much with us,and the market situation continues to evolverapidly.
Bistveno je, da vodilni delavci sektorja ribištva upoštevajo te izkušnje, ko oblikujejo ohranjevalno politiko.
That is why, as this brochure went topress, the Commission was preparing a newstrategy for EU aquaculture based on a yearlong consultation with stakeholders. While
Čeprav ribiči poznajo dosti stvari, ki jih drugi opazovalci spregledajo, pa vidijo le del tega, kar se dogaja v oceanih.
As the European aquaculture sector hasexperienced increasing competition fromnon-EU countries, especially Asia and South America, the role of research anddevelopment has become ever more crucial in adding value. Freshwater fishfarming depends on high quality watercontrol, if it is to reach its full productivecapacity.
Poln pomen njihovih izkušenj pride do izraza le v širšem okviru – ne le okviru drugih ladij in drugega ribištva, temveč tudi tistem, ki ga zagotavljajo znanstvene discipline, ki preučujejo dinamične ekosisteme, skrite pod gladino naših morij.
Through the 6th Framework Programme,the EU contributed more than EUR650000 to this two-year research projectwhich involved not just technical innovation, but also basic research into theaquaculture environment and the electro -chemical processes involved in electrocoagulation.
Odbor STECF pripravi letno poročilo o trenutnem stanju ribolovnih virov in njihovih prihodnjih zmožnostih, in to se uporabi kot podlaga za določitev letnih celotnih dovoljenih ulovov in kvot.
This made it possible tobuild a full-scale pilot system, which wasinstalled and tested in two very differentcontexts in Norway and Greece.
Kadar koli se lahko pozove, naj predloži svoje pripombe k predlogom in podatkom v zvezi z ribištvom ter svetuje Komisiji o najboljših ukrepih v posebnih primerih.
Worknow continues on the next stage of development, which will hopefully lead toamarket-ready system.
Odbor STECF ima tako vodilno vlogo pri zagotavljanju podpore Komisiji pri oblikovanju politik, ki segajo od dolgo-
The resultwill be a treatment system geared tomeet the specific challenges of Europeanaquaculture, including scarcity of waterresources, environmental degradation andcustomer demand for health and qualityguarantees.
Odbor poroča Komisiji, ki imenuje njegove člane iz vrst visoko usposobljenega osebja s področja znanosti, tehnologije in gospodarstva.
Research such as this, which is not closeenough to market to attract commercialfunding, but which can have very realconsequences for the competitivity of thesector if it succeeds, illustrates the importantrole which EU Framework Programmefunding can play in promoting the futureof the aquaculture sector.(For more details on FP6, see the factsheet on fisheries research.)
V številnih primerih so člani odbora STECF tudi člani delovnih skupin in drugih skupin v okviru Mednarodnega sveta za raziskovanje morja (ICES), kar velja zlasti za biološke znanstvenike in tehnologe za orodja.
The European fishing industry has greatopportunities before it. But it is also fac-
Odbor STECF zato ne more delovati povsem neodvisno od sistema ICES (glej okvir na str. 14).
And in some cases,the price of a sustainable and profitable futuremay be temporary hardship. Yet some partsof the industry, certain fisheries, are alreadypressed almost to the point of breaking.
Vendar zagotavlja pristna druga mnenja o nasvetih, ki jih predloži ICES, in pogosto poda ločeno mnenje bodisi glede analize, ki jo predlaga svet ICES, bodisi glede sklepov, sprejetih na njihovi podlagi.
In 2004, the Swedish Board of Fisheriesinvited groups to take part in a pilot studyconcerning locally based co-manage-ment of fisheries. Among the initiativesthat were selected to take part was thelocal branch of the Swedish Fishermen’s Federation in Northern Bohuslän.
Raziskovanje morja ukvarjajo z ocenjevanjem staležev, se nato posredujejo v razpravo Svetovalnemu odboru (ACOM), ki se redno sestaja vse leto, virtualno ali v živo, da pregleduje in sprejema končna priporočila.
Solidarity between peoples and communities has been at the heart of the Europeanproject ever since the Treaty of Rome wassigned in 1957.
Do nedavnega so ribiči in znanstveniki živeli v dveh različnih svetovih in pogosto sumničavo gledali eni na druge.
‘Structures’ hererefers to the basic equipment or ‘plant’required to produce, process and marketgoods.
V zadnjih letih pa so se začele te ovire rušiti.To je ključni korak k bolj trajnostnemu ribištvu v Evropi.
The Northern Bohuslän area is a uniquemarine environment in Sweden. It is centered on the Koster Fiord whose biodiversity is unmatched anywhere else along thecoast.
Ribičev je veliko več in na morju preživijo precej več časa, kot bo kadar koli morskih biologov.
Several projects launched by the branchhave since received funding from the FIFG. Thus, a number of fishers havebeen enabled to take a course in basicmarine ecology at the Tjärnö Marine Research Lab.
Znanstveniki morajo ustrezno upoštevati bogat vpogled, ki ga lahko zagotovijo izkušnje ribičev, ribiči pa morajo razumeti, kako znanstveniki sprejemajo svoje sklepe.
channelled through a single national EFFprogramme, rather than the many differentprogrammes which often existed in the past.
Šele tedaj bosta lahko obe strani verjeli rezultatom teh raziskav in zaupali ribiškim politikam, ki temeljijo na teh raziskavah.
aid for organisations which representthecollective interest of the sector;sustainable development of fisheriesdependent areas; andtechnical assistance to Member Statestofacilitate the delivery of aid.
Mednarodni svet za raziskovanje morja (ICES), ustanovljen leta 1902, združuje več kot 1 600 pomorskih znanstvenikov iz 20 držav za usklajevanje in spodbujanje raziskovanja ekosistemov Severnega Atlantika.
Since 1995, there has been a specific structuralfund dedicated to fisheries. The Financial Instrument for Fisheries Guidance (FIFG) ranuntil the end of 2006, and while it was undeniably successful in some areas, in others theresults were more ambivalent.
Kot tak je glavni znanstveni svetovalec vlad in regionalnih organizacij, ki so odgovorne za upravljanje ribištva v Severnem Atlantiku in na sosednjih območjih (vključno s Severnim morjem in Baltskim morjem).
These plans have been drawn up inclose collaboration with the Commission, toensure that they are in line with the Fund’spriorities.
Odbor ACOM zagotavlja redno svetovanje glede izčrpavanja približno 135 vrst rib in lupinarjev na severnoatlantskem območju.
They are then translated into operational programmes which are approved by the Commission before they are implemented.
V ta namen uporablja široko vrsto podatkov, vse pogosteje tudi informacije, ki jih zagotavljajo ribiči sami.
As noted above (chapter 8), in July 2008 the Council adopted a number of temporaryderogations to the EFF rules proposed by the Commission which were designed to reinforce and facilitate the much-needed restructuring of the EU fleet in response to the ‘fuelcrisis’.
Vsi nasveti sveta ICES in študije, na katerih ti nasveti temeljijo, so objavljeni in preprosto dostopni na spletni strani Sveta www.ices.dk.
It isstructured to meet the needs of the enlarged EU, which now numbers 27 members. Aboveall, it has been tailor-made to support the coreprinciples which underpin the CFP in line withthe Basic Regulation of 2002.
Glavni sekretariat sveta ICES je v Köbenhavnu na Danskem, glavnina dela sveta ICES pa se izvaja prek več kot 100 delovnih skupin, izmed katerih je vsaka namenjena posebni raziskovalni temi.
The mainpriorities for action laid down are:
Ugotovitve delovnih skupin, ki se
These include measures toaccompany the implementation of recoveryplans and to encourage more selective fishingmethods alongside funding for local strategies for sustainable development in fisheriesareas. The new Fund provides enhanced aidfor inland fisheries and environmentallyfriendly aquaculture.
Komisija prejema znanstvena mnenja o ribištvu EU od svojega Znanstvenega, tehničnega in gospodarskega odbora za ribištvo (odbor STECF – glej okvir na str. 13).
The final product: producers, processors, consumers
Odbor STECF je sestavljen iz neodvisnih znanstvenikov in strokovnjakov, ki predstavljajo široko vrsto mnenj, in z njim pred oblikovanjem vsakega predloga sistematično potekajo posvetovanja.
When most people think of the Common Fisheries Policy, they will think of the
Vloga odbora STECF ni zgolj znanstvena – vključuje tudi člane, ki so strokovnjaki za gospodarska in socialna vprašanja.
41 catching sector, or possibly aquaculture.Some will make the connection with broaderenvironmental issues.
imajo vzpostavljene pomembne programe za vzorčenje in zbiranje podatkov za ocenjevanje ulovov in iztovorov posebej za raziskovalne namene.
Some will focus onthe social and economic challenges facingcoastal communities.
EU neposredno podpira te programe z uredbo o zbiranju podatkov.
bring the greatest return. A catch plancan include provisions such as seasonalcatch limits and minimum sizes.
goročnejše predloge, kako je mogoče trajnostno upravljati ribištvo v evropskih vodah.