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How the EU works_V5.indd Sec14:48
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How the EU works_V5.indd Sec14:48
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Putting Small Businesses First
Mala podjetja na prvem mestu
2008 edition
Izdaja 2008
European Commission Enterprise and Industry
Evropska komisija Podjetništvo in industrija
Europe’s commitment to small businesses
Akt za mala podjetja za Evropo
“Today’s Small Business Act is a step towards a Europe of entrepreneurs, with less red tape and more red carpet for Europe’s 23 million SMEs.
„Današnji Akt za mala podjetja pomeni korak bliže k Evropi podjetnikov, z manj birokracije in več priznavanja zaslug evropskim 23 milijonom MSP.
It aims to help small businesses to thrive and to give the best ones a launch pad to grow into world beaters.
Prizadeva si pomagati malim podjetjem pri rasti in zagotavljati pomoč najboljšim, da bodo prerasli v svetovne prvake.
The Small Business Act is a crucial milestone in the implementation of the Lisbon Strategy for Growth and Jobs.
Akt za mala podjetja je pomemben mejnik pri izvajanju lizbonske strategije za rast in delovna mesta.
It will mean more responsive public administrations, less late payment of invoices, access to more help with finance, innovation and training, lower VAT for services supplied locally and better access to public procurement contracts.
Pomeni bolj odzivne javne uprave, manj zamud pri plačilih računov, dostop do več pomoči pri financiranju, inovacijah in usposabljanju, znižane stopnje DDV za lokalno zagotovljene storitve in boljši dostop do pogodb za javna naročila.
The package will also give SMEs access to a European Private Company Statute to cut bureaucracy and increase clarity.”
Prav tako pa zagotavlja MSP dostop do statuta za evropske zasebne družbe, s katerim se bo zmanjšala birokracija in povečala preglednost.“
SMEs have become increasingly important in our society as providers of employment opportunities and key players for the well-being of local and regional communities.
MSP so postali nadvse pomembni v naši družbi, in sicer kot tisti, ki zagotavljajo zaposlitvene možnosti ter so ključnega pomena za dobrobit lokalnih in regionalnih skupnosti.
Therefore, the Small Business Act for Europe proposes for the first time to put into place a comprehensive policy framework for the EU and its Member States.
Zato Akt za mala podjetja za Evropo prvič predlaga izvedbo celovitega političnega okvira za EU in njene države članice.
The Small Business Act is based on the conviction that entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs should be applauded and rewarded; they are the backbone of our society.
Akt za mala podjetja temelji na prepričanju, da je treba podjetništvo in podjetnike hvaliti ter nagrajevati, saj so hrbtenica naše družbe. Naklonjenost MSP mora postati temelj politike.
To achieve this, the“Think Small First”principle should be irreversibly anchored in policy making from regulation to public service thus ensuring that rules reflect the majority of those who will use them.
Da bi to dosegli, je treba načelo„najprej pomisli na male“ nepreklicno umestiti v oblikovanje politike, od priprave zakonodaje do opravljanja javnih storitev ter zagotoviti, da predpisi upoštevajo večino, ki jih bo uporabljala. MSP je treba pomagati pri rasti.
When the setting up of businesses and their growth is hampered by unnecessary obstacles, these must be removed.
Če ustanavljanje podjetij in njihovo rast zavirajo nepotrebne ovire, jih je treba odstraniti.
When SMEs are held back by market failures, these must be corrected.
Če MSP zavirajo tržne nepopolnosti, jih je treba popraviti.
The Small Business Act for Europe proposes a partnership between the EU and the Member States.
Akt za mala podjetja za Evropo predlaga partnerstvo med EU in državami članicami.
A set of common principles should guide the policies both at the EU and at a national level.
Sklop desetih skupnih načel naj bi vodil politike tako na ravni EU kot na ravni držav članic.
An ambitious package of new measures, including 4 legislative proposals, is translating them into action.
Uresničil pa jih bo ambiciozen sveženj novih ukrepov, vključno s štirimi zakonodajnimi predlogi.
In addition, all Member States are invited to benefit from good practices that exist within the EU.
Poleg tega vabimo države članice, da izkoristijo prednosti dobrih praks, ki obstajajo znotraj EU.
What we need now is a strong political commitment at the highest level to achieve a true breakthrough.
Zdaj potrebujemo močno politično zavezanost na najvišji ravni, ki bo zagotovila resničen preboj.
I trust that the Small Business Act for Europe will be the trigger to transform words into action.
Verjamem, da bo Akt za mala podjetja za Evropo sprožil uresničevanje teh besed.
Günter Verheugen Vice-President of the European Commission
Günter Verheugen Podpredsednik Evropske komisije
Easy access to useful information ...
Enostaven dostop do koristnih informacij ...
Details of EU policies, programmes and tools for SMEs can be found on many different websites.
Podrobne informacije o politikah in programih EU, povezanih z MSP, je mogoče najti na različnih spletnih straneh.
To help you find the information you need, quickly and easily in your language, the European Commission has created its SME Portal.
Za hitro in enostavno iskanje informacij v vašem jeziku je Evropska komisija ustvarila svoj portal za MSP.
Through this userfriendly portal, you can find out about: funding opportunities for SMEs; help and support services – both online and in your region; how significant SMEs are for Europe’s economy and for job creation; how to take full advantage of the Single Market; how entrepreneurship is being encouraged in Europe; and the range of policies the EU has developed to help SMEs.
Prek tega, uporabnikom prijaznega portala si lahko pridobite informacije o: možnostih financiranja za MSP;storitvah za pomoč in podporo;pomembnosti MSP za evropsko gospodarstvo in ustvarjanje delovnih mest;oblikovanju politik EU za podporo MSP;spodbujanju podjetništva v Evropi in;številnih politikah, ki jih je EU razvila za pomoč MSP.
The SME portal is now available in 21 languages.
Portal za MSP je zdaj na voljo v 21 jezikih.
© European Communities, 2008 - Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.
Günther Verheugen Podpredsednik Evropske komisije, odgovoren za podjetništvo in industrijo
Companies classified as small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are defined officially by the EU as those with fewer than 250 employees and which are independent from larger companies.
Podjetja, ki jih uvrščamo med mala in srednje velika (MSP), EU uradno opredeljuje kot podjetja z manj kot 250 zaposlenimi in kot od velikih podjetij neodvisna.
Furthermore, their annual turnover may not exceed €50 million, or their annual balance sheet exceed €43 million.
Poleg tega njihov letni promet ne sme presegati 50 milijonov EUR ali pa njihova letna bilanca ne sme presegati 43 milijonov EUR.
This definition is critical in establishing which companies may benefit from EU programmes aimed at SMEs, and from certain policies such as SME-specific competition rules.
Ta opredelitev je bistvenega pomena pri ugotavljanju, katera podjetja so upravičena do programov EU, namenjenih MSP, ter do določenih politik, kot so pravila o konkurenci, ki so specična za MSP.
SMEs may be divided into three categories according to their size: micro-enterprises have fewer than 10 employees, small enterprises have between 10 and 49 employees, and medium-sized enterprises have between 50 and 249 employees.
MSP lahko glede na njihovo velikost razdelimo v tri kategorije: mikro podjetja imajo manj kot 10 zaposlenih, mala podjetja imajo od 10 do 49 zaposlenih, srednje velika podjetja pa od 50 do 249 zaposlenih.
SMEs in the European economy
MSP v evropskem gospodarstvu
European SMEs represent:
Evropski MSP predstavljajo:
99.8% of all European enterprises67.1% of private-sector jobsmore than 80% of employment in some industrial sectors such as the manufacture of metal products, construction and furniture.
99,8 % vseh evropskih podjetij,67,1 % delovnih mest v zasebnem sektorju,več kot 80 % zaposlovanja v nekaterih industrijskih sektorjih, kot so tekstilni, gradbeni in pohištveni sektor.
Source: Eurostat, key indicators for enterprises in the non-financial business economy, EU27, 2005
Vir: Eurostat, ključni kazalniki za podjetja v nenančnem sektorju gospodarstva, EU-27, 2005
Micro-businesses are the real giants of the European economy
Mikro podjetja so pravi„velikani“ v evropskem gospodarstvu
Medium-sized = 1.1%Large = 0.2%
Mala podjetja = 7,3 % Srednje velika podjetja = 1,1 % Velika podjetja = 0,2 %
Source: Eurostat, SBS, Breakdown of main indicators by enterprise size class, non-financial business economy, 2003, EU-25
Vir: Eurostat, SSP, razčlenitev glavnih kazalnikov glede na velikost podjetja, nenančni sektorji gospodarstva, 2003, EU 25
Medium 16.8%
Srednja 16,8 %
Number of replies6080
Število odgovorov6080
Administrative and regulatory burden
Upravne in regulativne obremenitve Dostop do finančnih sredstev
Access to n an c e Taxation Lack of skills
Pomanjkanje strokovnih znanj Dostop do javnih naročil
Access to public procurements Unfair/too strong competition Labour law
Nepravična/premočna konkurenca Delovno pravo
Access to Single Market Access to EU programmes Late payments
Dostop do enotnega trga Dostop do programov EUZamude pri plačilih
Access to international markets Access to information and advice Instability world economy/energy costs
Dostop do mednarodnih trgov Dostop do informacij in nasvetov Nestabilno svetovno gospodarstvo/cene energije
SME denition
Opredelitev MSP
N.B.: It was possible to give several replies
Opomba: Možnih je bilo več odgovorov.
Making life easier for small business
Olajšanje življenja malim podjetjem
For most small and medium-sized enterprises, the administrative burden is their number one problem.
Za večino malih in srednje velikih podjetij so upravne obremenitve težava številka ena.
The cost of administrative procedures for a small company can be up to ten times more than for a large company making this burden disproportionately heavy for small business.
Stroški za upravne postopke so lahko za malo podjetje do desetkrat višji od teh, ki jih ima veliko podjetje, zaradi česar so za malo podjetje stroški nesorazmerno veliki.
This is why the European Commission has set itself two key goals: to reduce the administrative burden on businesses by 25% before 2012 and to ensure that all new legislation affecting business is SME-friendly.
Zaradi tega si je Komisija zadala dva cilja: zmanjšati upravne obremenitve podjetij za 25 % do leta 2012 in zagotoviti, da je vsa nova zakonodaja, ki zadeva podjetja, naklonjena MSP.
To achieve this, the Commission is simplifying and improving European legislation, and encouraging national and regional authorities to do the same at their levels.
Da bi to dosegla, Komisija poenostavlja in izboljšuje evropsko zakonodajo ter spodbuja nacionalne in regionalne organe oblasti, da storijo enako na svojih ravneh.
Less and better regulation
Manj predpisov in boljša pravna ureditev
The European Commission’s 2007 action programme to reduce administrative burden by 25% has identified priority areas for action that focus on information obligations in areas such as company law, employment relations, VAT and statistics.
V programu ukrepov Evropske komisije iz leta 2007 za zmanjšanje upravnih obremenitev za 25 % so navedena prednostna področja za ukrepe, ki se osredotočajo na obveznosti po obveščanju na področjih prava družb, zaposlitvenih razmerij, DDV in statistike.
Some of these obligations have already been scrapped.
Nekatere od teh obveznosti so že ukinili.
For instance:companies no longer need to publish business data in the national gazettes and they can (re-)use translations certified in one Member State when opening branches in other Member States. micro-enterprises can be exempted from providing detailed data in the annual accounts.
Na primer: Podjetjem ni več treba objaviti poslovnih podatkov v nacionalnih uradnih listih in ko odprejo podružnice v drugih državah članicah, lahko (ponovno) uporabijo prevode, overjene v eni od držav članic. Države članice bi morale imeti možnost, da mikro podjetjem dovolijo izjemo pri zagotavljanju podrobnih podatkov v njihovem zaključnem računu.
A 25% reduction in the administrative burden on businesses would translate into an increase of 1.5% in the EU’s GDP – amounting to about €150 billion.
25-odstotno znižanje upravne obremenitve podjetij bi pomenilo povišanje BDP Evropske unije za 1,5 %, kar znaša približno 150 milijard EUR.
However, this can only be achieved by national, regional and local authorities acting together with the Commission.
Vendar pa je to mogoče doseči le s sodelovanjem nacionalnih, regionalnih in lokalnih organov ter Komisije.
So far 18 Member States have set national targets for reducing administrative burdens.
Do zdaj je nacionalne cilje za zmanjšanje upravnih obremenitev določilo 18 držav članic.
Why is cutting red tape so crucial?
Zakaj je zmanjšanje birokracije tako zelo pomembno?
Surveys indicate that more than 10% of one-person enterprises would recruit staif they were less burdened by red tape.
Statistične raziskave kažejo, da bi si več kot 10 % podjetij z enim zaposlenim pridobilo kadre, če bi bili stroški birokracije manjši.
As these enterprises make up more than half of all businesses in the EU, this could translate into 1.5 million new jobs!
Ker ta podjetja predstavljajo več kot polovico vseh podjetij v EU, bi to pomenilo 1,5 milijona novih delovnih mest.
Since 2005, the Commission has: withdrawn 78 pending laws simplified 54 initiativesidenti ed 2500 obsolete acts to be repealed.
Komisija je od leta 2005: odpravila 78 zakonov v postopku, poenostavila 54 pobud, predlagala, da se razveljavi 2 500 zastarelih aktov.
“We are embarking on an ambitious programme for the reduction of administrative burden and we need some help if we are to succeed.
„Začenjamo z ambicioznim programom za zmanjševanje upravnih obremenitev in prav vsi potrebujemo nekaj pomoči, da bomo uspeli.
Help from businesses, stakeholders and Member States.
Pomoč podjetij, zainteresiranih strani in držav članic.
We need to talk to you, and, even more importantly, listen to you.”
Govoriti moramo z vami in, kar je še bolj pomembno, vam prisluhniti.“
Günter Verheugen European Commission Vice-President, responsible for Enterprise and Industry
Günter Verheugen Podpredsednik Evropske komisije, odgovoren za podjetništvo in industrijo
Businesses can now contribute their ideas and proposals for cutting red tape in a dedicated website: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/admin-burdens-reduction/online_consulation_en.htm
Podjetja lahko zdaj prispevajo svoje zamisli in predloge za zmanjševanje birokracije na temu namenjeni spletni strani: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/admin-burdens-reduction/online_consulation_sl.htm
Improving access to finance
Izboljšanje dostopa do finančnih sredstev
Access to appropriate finance is the second largest problem facing EU small and medium-sized enterprises.
Dostop do ustreznih finančnih sredstev je druga največja težava, s katero se soočajo mala in srednje velika podjetja EU.
Investors and banks often shy away from financing start-ups or young SMEs due to the risks involved.
Vlagatelji in banke se pogosto bojijo financiranja novoustanovljenih MSP zaradi tveganj, ki so s tem povezana.
And entrepreneurs sometimes have limited understanding of investors’or banks’concerns, which makes it harder for them to find the financial backing they need.
In ker podjetniki včasih slabo poznajo skrbi vlagateljev ali bank, to še oteži iskanje finančne podpore, ki jo potrebujejo.
The European Commission is implementing a number of programmes specifically designed to improve the financial environment for SMEs in Europe.
Evropska komisija izvaja številne programe, ki so oblikovani posebej za to, da bi izboljšali finančno okolje za evropske MSP.
In some Member States, three out of four business start-ups receive a bank loan or at least an overdraft, but in other Member States, the ratio is just one in four.
V nekaterih državah članicah so bančna posojila ali vsaj prekoračitev pozitivnega stanja na računu odobrena trem od štirih novoustanovljenim podjetjem, v drugih državah članicah pa je to razmerje eno od štirih.
Source: Microcredit for small businesses and business creation: bridging a market gap, European Commission
Vir: Mikrokrediti za mala podjetja in ustanavljanje podjetij: premostitev tržne vrzeli, Evropska komisija
What is the EU doing?
Kaj dela EU?
Since the financial markets have failed to provide SMEs with the finance they need, the European Commission has developed and funded financial instruments, such as guarantees, to make it easier for SMEs to get loans from banks.
Ker finančni trgi pri zagotavljanju finančnih sredstev, ki jih MSP potrebujejo, niso bili uspešni, je Evropska komisija razvila in financirala finančne instrumente, kot so jamstva, ki MSP omogočajo, da si lažje pridobijo posojila od bank.
It is also facilitating venture capital investment in SMEs.
Komisija prav tako podpira naložbe tveganega kapitala v MSP.
The funds are allocated through financial institutions such as banks.
Finančna sredstva dodeljujejo finančne institucije, kot so banke.
Over €744 million was provided between1998 and 2006, benefiting more than 360 000 SMEs.
Med letoma 1998 in 2006 je bilo zagotovljenih čez 744 milijonov EUR, ki jih je koristilo več kot 360 000 MSP.
This was increased to more than €1 billion in the Commission’s Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme (CIP) for 2007-2013.
S Programom Komisije za konkurenčnost in inovativnost (PKI) za obdobje 2007–2013 je bila za to namenjena še 1 milijarda EUR.
This should enable financial institutions to provide about €30 billion of new finance to an estimated 475 000 SMEs in Europe – because on average each euro spent from the EU budget should enable private investors to provide €6 of risk capital or a bank to provide €50 worth of loans.
To naj bi finančnim institucijam omogočilo, da bodo približno 475 000 MSP v Evropi zagotovile približno 30 milijard EUR novih financ – ker vsak evro, ki se porabi iz proračuna EU, zasebnim vlagateljem omogoči, da zagotovijo 6 EUR tveganega kapitala ali da banke zagotovijo 50 EUR danih posojil.
The financial instruments cover SMEs’ different needs, whether startup or established companies:the High Growth and Innovative SME Facility provides risk capital for innovative SMEs in their early stages and in their expansion phase. the SME Guarantee Facility provides loan guarantees to encourage banks to make more debt finance available to SMEs, including microcredit and mezzanine finance, by reducing the banks’exposure to risk.
Finančni instrumenti pokrivajo različne potrebe MSP, bodisi novoustanovljenih podjetij bodisi že ustanovljenih: Pomoč za hitro rastoče in inovativne MSP zagotavlja inovativnim MSP tvegani kapital tako na njihovi ustanovitveni stopnji kot tudi na stopnji širitve.Jamstveni sklad za MSP zagotavlja jamstva za posojilo in s tem, ko zmanjša izpostavljenost tveganju bank, te spodbuja, da dajo MSP na voljo več dolžniških financ, vključno z mikrokrediti in dolžniško-lastniškim financiranjem.
Microloans (loans of less than €25 000) have a significant impact on the SMEs that receive them.
Mikroposojila (posojila, manjša od 25 000 EUR) imajo znaten vpliv na MSP, ki jih prejemajo.
However, there is a short supply of microloans, which particularly affects business creation by those who are unemployed, women or from an ethnic minority.
Toda pomanjkanje mikroposojil močno vpliva zlasti na ustanavljanje podjetij tistih, ki so brezposelni, žensk ali oseb iz etničnih manjšin.
The Commission is therefore increasing the availability of microloans through its financial instruments, and is encouraging Member States to increase and facilitate the provision of microloans to small businesses.
Zato Komisija povečuje razpoložljivost mikroposojil prek svojih finančnih instrumentov ter spodbuja države članice k povečevanju in olajševanju zagotavljanja mikroposojil malim podjetjem.
The European Investment Bank (EIB) Group is broadening the way it supports SMEs, making its funding mechanisms simpler, more transparent and more targeted to the individual needs of small businesses across Europe.
Evropska investicijska banka (EIB) širi svoje načine podpiranja MSP, poenostavlja svoje mehanizme financiranja ter skrbi za to, da so preglednejši in bolj prilagojeni posameznim potrebam malih podjetij po vsej Evropi.
Additional funds as well as more kinds of financial support – including mezzanine finance, guarantees and microcredit – will be made available to SMEs, while tailoring them more specifically to local conditions and to particular companies’needs.
MSP bodo na voljo dodatna finančna sredstva in tudi več različnih vrst finančne podpore – vključno z dolžniško-lastniškim financiranjem, jamstvi in mikrokrediti – ti pa bodo bolje prilagojeni lokalnim pogojem in potrebam posameznih podjetij.
The EIB is also moving into new financing areas, such as intangible assess like research and development, building up distribution networks or ensuring that a business continues after the current owners retire.
EIB prehaja tudi na nova področja financiranja, kot so neopredmetena sredstva kot raziskave in razvoj, vzpostavljanje distribucijskih omrežij ali zagotavljanje nadaljevanja poslovanja po tem, ko se sedanji lastniki upokojijo.
How are these funds provided to SMEs?
Kako so MSP ta sredstva zagotovljena?
All these financial instruments are managed by the European Investment Bank (EIB) Group, particularly the European Investment Fund (EIF), on behalf of the Commission, and are delivered to SMEs by financial intermediaries in the Member States.
Vse te finančne instrumente na zahtevo Komisije upravlja Evropska investicijska banka (EIB), zlasti Evropski investicijski sklad (EIS), in jih zagotavlja MSP prek finančnih posrednikov v državah članicah.
This ensures that the funds are made available locally, as close as possible to the individual SME.
To zagotavlja, da so finančna sredstva na voljo lokalno, kolikor blizu posameznemu MSP je le mogoče.
Find out which financial institutions to contact in your country here: http://www.accesstofinance.eu/ nance.eu/
Če želite najti finančno institucijo v svoji državi, obiščite spletno stran: http://www.accesstonance.eu/
One of the recipients of financial backing from the European Commission, through the European Investment Fund, was a Luxembourg-based venture capital fund.
Eden od prejemnikov finančne podpore Evropske komisije, prek Evropskega investicijskega sklada, je bil sklad tveganega kapitala s sedežem v Luksemburgu.
One of its investments was Skype Technologies.
Ena izmed njegovih naložb so bile tehnologije Skype.
This startup company offering ‘voice over internet protocol’ (VOIP) services was subsequently acquired by eBay in a deal worth up to €3.25 billion.
To novoustanovljeno podjetje, ki ponuja storitve „prenosa govora prek internetnega protokola“ (voice over internet protocol – VOIP), si je pozneje pridobil eBay s kupčijo, vredno do 3,25 milijarde EUR.
Helping SMEs to go abroad
Pomoč MSP pri prodoru v tujino
Cross-border business begins just a few kilometres from home for many small firms.
Čezmejno poslovanje se za številna mala podjetja začenja že nekaj kilometrov od njihovega doma.
One of the greatest successes of the EU has been to make cross-border trade easier, through the creation of a vast single market with some 500 million consumers.
Eden izmed največjih uspehov EU je bila poenostavitev čezmejne trgovine z ustvaritvijo ogromnega enotnega trga s 500 milijoni potrošnikov.
It gives businesses the possibility to market one product throughout the EU, without having to adapt it to national rules.
Podjetjem daje možnost trženja izdelka po vsej EU, ne da bi ga morali prilagoditi nacionalnim pravilom.
The Single Market offers SMEs huge opportunities for growth, and past enlargements have multiplied the business opportunities for SMEs.
Enotni trg MSP ponuja veliko možnosti za rast in zadnje širitve so poslovne priložnosti za MSP še pomnožile.
But currently 63% of SMEs are active only in their home country.
Trenutno je 63 % MSP dejavnih le v svoji matični državi.