natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The aim of the RACs is, on the one hand, to give rise to dialogue between the different players and, on the other,to enable all stakeholders to contribute to the developmentof the Common Fisheries Policy by giving their opinions on the management issues that affect their area of activity or fisheries.
Cilj RAC je po eni strani spodbujati dialog med temi akterji,po drugi strani pa omogočiti njihov prispevek k oblikovanjuskupne ribiške politike, tako da izrazijo svoje mnenje v zvezi z upravljavskimi vprašanji, ki so povezana z njihovimiobmočji dejavnosti ali njihovim ribjim loviščem.
In this context, Reine Johansson intends to attach priority to establishing real dialogue between different members ofthe RAC, ‘in particular between professionals and NGOs,’he notes.‘That is the first thing we have to do, even beforewe start to organise our work.’
V tem okviru Reine Johansson namerava dati prednostoblikovanju dejanskega dialoga med različnimi članiregionalnega svetovalnega sveta, “še zlasti med poklicnimiakterji in nevladnimi organizacijami,” pojasnjuje.
For its launching, the Baltic Sea RAC set up three workinggroups – on pelagic species, demersal species and salmonids –,an arrangement likely to evolve in terms of the positions that emerge from its members’ discussions.
“To je trebastoriti najprej, še celo preden začnemo organizirati delo.”
The European Union has provided for the creation of seven RACs.
Evropska unija je predvidela ustanovitev sedmih regionalnihsvetovalnih svetov.
The Baltic Sea RAC is the fourth to be created,following in the footsteps of the North Sea, North-western Waters and Pelagic Stocks RACs.
Regionalni svetovalni svet Baltskegamorja je bil ustanovljen kot četrti, in sicer za regionalnimisvetovalnimi sveti Severnega morja, za severozahodne vode in za pelagične staleže.
The Baltic Fishermen’s Association carried out the many formalities required forcreation of the RAC.
Številne postopke, ki so bilipotrebni pred ustanovitvijo tega regionalnega svetovalnegasveta, je izvedlo Združenje ribičev Baltskega morja.Sekretariat ima sedež v Københavnu.
The Council’s secretariat is based in Copenhagen.
Regionalni svetovalni svet je za začetek svojega delovanjadoločil tri delovne skupine – za pelagične vrste, za pridnenevrste in za salmonide – ta rešitev pa se lahko spremeni gledena usmeritve, ki bodo izšle iz razprav med člani.
Management and environment
v Evropi o
Practical information
Upravljanje in okolje
Fisheries and a q ua cu lt ur
Praktične informacije ib og oj st v o in r
Reine Johansson emphasizes straight away the singularitiesof the activity zone of this RAC: the Baltic Sea is special for a number of reasons.
Reine Johansson takoj opozori na posebnosti območjadejavnosti tega RAC: Baltsko morje je posebno iz večrazlogov.
First, fishing concentrates on threespecies – cod, herring and sprat.
Prvič, njegov ribolov je v glavnem usmerjen na trivrste – trsko, atlantski sled in papalino.
This is very limitedcompared to the 20 or 30 commercial species found in the North Sea or Atlantic Ocean.
To pa je malo vprimerjavi z dvajsetimi ali tridesetimi komercialnimi vrstami, ki jih najdemo v Severnem morju ali Atlantskem oceanu.Drugič, Baltik je “zaprto” morje.
Second, the Baltic is an‘enclosed’ sea; its waters take six years to be completelyrenewed so it is extremely sensitive to all forms of marinepollution.
Njegove vode potrebujejošest let, da se v celoti obnovijo, zato je izredno občutljivo zavse oblike onesnaževanja morja.
Three leading species d ic P hot os
Tri vodilne vrste di c P ho to s
The two Baltic Sea cod stocks are overexploited today. The Commission is launching a longterm plan to protect this important resource.
Izkoriščenost obeh staležev trske v Baltskem morju je danes prevelika.Komisija bo uvedla dolgoročni načrtza zaščito tega pomembnega vira.
Fisheries in the Baltic Sea focus on three saltwater species: sprat, herring and cod.
Ribolov v Baltskem morju je usmerjen na tri morske vrste: papalino, atlantski sled in trsko.Slednja je trenutno predmet prevelikega izkoriščanja, to pa povzroča zaskrbljenostznanstvenikov.
The stocks of cod are currently overexploited, and this is a cause of grave concern for scientists.A recovery plan will be put in place this year in order to bring this fishery back into balance.But the European Union will also be keeping a close eye on trends with regard to othercommercial stocks, including herring, sprat, flatfish and salmon.
Letos bo uveden načrt obnovitve za ponovno vzpostavitev stabilnih razmer.Vendar bo Evropska unija še naprej pozorno spremljala obnašanje drugih komercialnihstaležev, kot so atlantski sled, papalina, bokoplute in losos.
Cod now outside safe limits
Trska zunaj varnih mej
After enlargement in 2004, the European Union, which nowrepresented all the coastal States except for Russia, tookcharge of the management strategy and reinforced certainmeasures.
Po širitvi iz leta 2004 je to strategijo prevzela Evropska unija, v kateri so bile odtlej vse obalne države (razen Rusije), in natančneje določila nekatere ukrepe.
The cod population is now divided into two stocks,one to the west and the other to the east of Bornholm Island.(Stocks to the east of Bornholm are in worse condition thantheir neighbours to the west).
Tako sedaj delimo trskona dva staleža, enega zahodno in drugega vzhodno od otoka Bornholm, pri čemer je slednji bolj.
The summer closure of fishingactivity is now a general rule.
Poleg tega je bila uvedenasplošna poletna ustavitev ribolova.
The Commission has announcedthat a multi-annual plan will be implemented to rebuild bothstocks and bring them back up to a sustainable level duringthe course of this year (see box).
Komisija naznanja uvedbovečletnega načrta za obnovitev obeh staležev in njuno povrnitevna raven trajnostnega izkoriščanja, kar naj bi se zgodilo šeletos (glej okvir).
Fisheries and a q ua cu lt ur
Trska je v glavnem žrtev prevelikega izkoriščanja.
Industrial fishing is undoubtedly the most important fishery in the Baltic Sea in terms of tonnage caught.
V Baltskem morju je po tonaži nedvomno najpomembnejšiindustrijski ribolov.
Pelagic trawlerscatch large quantities of sprat, used mainly to produce fishmeal and fish oil.
Plovila z vlečnimi mrežami za pelagičniribolov ulovijo velike količine papaline, ki se v glavnem nameniza proizvodnjo moke in ribjega olja.
Sprat stocks in the Baltic Sea are thriving,especially because of the declining population of cod, theirmain natural predator.
Vendar se stalež papalinev Baltskem morju dobro drži, zlasti zaradi zmanjšanja populacije trske, ki je njen glavni naravni plenilec.
On the other hand, scientists are increasingly worried aboutby-catches of herring during pelagic fishing for sprat.
Nasprotno pa so znanstveniki zaskrbljeni zaradi prilovaatlantskega sleda pri pelagičnem ribolovu papaline.
In 1999, under the impetus of the European Union, the IBSFC(the regional fisheries organisation for the Baltic) launched along-term management strategy for Baltic cod to try and halttheir decline. A number of measures were introduced, including:total allowable catches (TACs) were reduced, minimum landingsizes were raised, access to breeding areas was limited,mesh size was increased for certain gears, a limit was set onby-catches of cod in pelagic fishing, and trawls were obligedto incorporate an exit window, etc.
Da bi bili kos takšnemu zmanjšanju, je IBSFC, regionalnaribiška organizacija, leta 1999 na pobudo Evropske unijeuvedla dolgoročno strategijo za upravljanje trske v Baltiku.Sprejetih je bilo več ukrepov: zmanjšanje TAC (celotnih dovoljenih ulovov), povečanje minimalnih dovoljenih velikosti,prepoved dostopa do območij razmnoževanja, povečanjevelikosti očesa za nekatere vrste orodja, omejitev prilova trskepri pelagičnem ribolovu, obvezna opremljenost mrež z izhodnim oknom itd.
EN605629 30/05/06 16:33 Page 7 catches in industrial fisheries are not sorted, the European Union introduced statistical sampling programmes in 2005 to assess the composition of catches and assess the realimpact of industrial fishing on herring stocks.
SL605629 30/05/06 16:36 Page 7 sestava ulova tega ribolova in se ugotovi njegov dejanski vplivna staleže atlantskega sleda.
number of hydroelectric dams that prevent it from swimmingback upstream to its spawning grounds.
katerih se ni mogel vrniti na svoja drstitvena območja.
The managementmeasures introduced by the IBSFC, and the overall improvementin the quality of inland waters, offer hope for recovery.
Zaradiukrepov upravljanja, ki jih je uvedla IBSFC, in splošnega izboljšanja kakovosti celinskih voda lahko sedaj upamo naobnovitev.
According to ICES, half of the catches of salmon in coastalfisheries are now individuals that have been hatched naturallyrather than being brought in from restocking farms.
Po podatkih ICES polovico ulova obalnega ribolovatrenutno sestavljajo ribe, rojene v naravnem okolju in ne v obnovitvenih gojiščih.
Current concerns are focused on one of the five stocks identified in the Baltic Sea: the central zone stock, which isthe largest of the five, and whose biomass level is now quitelow.
Vzrok za zaskrbljenost je predvsem eden od petih staležev,registriranih v Baltskem morju: stalež iz osrednjega območja,ki je najpomembnejši in katerega ravni biomase so trenutnodokaj nizke.
In its report of October 2005, the International Council for Exploration of the Sea (ICES) stated that this stock was ‘at risk’ due to the large by-catches by industrial vessels.
Mednarodni svet za raziskovanje morja (ICES) je v svojem poročilu iz oktobra 2005 ta stalež označil za “ogroženega”, in sicer zaradi velikega prilova pri industrijskemribolovu.
For a number of years, the pre-enlargement EU and the IBFSC coastal states had been carrying out actions to protectresources. With the exception of the alarming state of cod,Baltic Sea fish stocks do not show signs of overfishing.
EU in obalne države v IBSFC že vrsto let izvajajo dejavnosti za zaščito virov in, če ne štejemo stanja trske, staleži Baltskega morja ne kažejo znakov prevelikega izkoriščanja.
These actions will now be extended and improved throughmeasures which will henceforth be taken within the enlarged Union. In a sea with a fragile environment, vigilance is the ruleif we hope to maintain the ecological balance that is vital for a thriving fishing industry.
Takšnedejavnosti se bodo nadaljevale in še izboljšale z ukrepi, kibodo v prihodnje sprejeti v EU, kajti v morju z občutljivim okoljem je potrebna nenehna skrb za vzdrževanje ravnovesja,ki je nujno za ohranitev ribolovnih dejavnosti.
That is why the European Union has decided to reduce thefishing possibilities for this stock a little, and at the same timehas reduced TACs for Baltic sprat by 15 %.
Evropska unija se je zato odločila, da nekoliko zmanjša ribolovne možnosti za ta stalež, zato je za 15 % zmanjšalacelotni dovoljeni ulov papaline v Baltiku.
This measure isoffset by higher TACs for other herring stocks, which are ingood condition and for which fishing activities are fully justified.The overall result is that Baltic Sea fishermen will be able tocatch 12 % more herring (31 000 tonnes) in 2006 than theydid in 2005.
Ta ukrep se je izravnals povečanjem celotnih dovoljenih ulovov za druge staležeatlantskega sleda, ki se dobro držijo in so z njimi povezaneribolovne dejavnosti v celoti upravičene. To pomeni, da ribiči v Baltskem morju v celoti gledano v letu 2006 lahko ulovijo 12 % (31 000 ton) več atlantskih sledov kot v letu 2005.
We have relatively little information about the state of flatfishstocks and further scientific research is needed.
Stanje staležev bokoplut je dokaj slabo poznano in bi moralobiti predmet znanstvene raziskave. Celotni dovoljeni ulov je v Baltskem morju trenutno predpisan samo za morskoploščo.
Plaice is theonly species for which a TAC is currently in place in the Baltic.The growing success of flatfish – especially flounder, catchesof which have risen sharply since 2004 – has led the European Union to establish specific management measures for thesestocks.
Zaradi vse večjega uspeha bokoplut – še posebejiverke, katere ulov se je od leta 2004 zelo povečal – je Evropskaunija določila posebne ukrepe upravljanja za te staleže.
The Commission has agreed to prepare TAC proposalsfor 2007 for flounder and turbot.
Komisija se je obvezala, da bo še letos predlagala celotnidovoljeni ulov za iverko in romb.
In the meantime, in 2006 aclosed period has been decided for both these species in the eastern part of the Baltic: from 15 February to 15 May for flounder (30 May in the Gulf of Finland), and in June and July for turbot.
V pričakovanju tega je bilo zaleto 2006 za vzhodni del Baltika določeno obdobje ustavitveribolova teh dveh vrst: od 15. februarja do 15. maja za iverko(do 30. maja v Finskem zalivu) ter junija in julija za romb.
Herring is one of the main species caught in the Baltic, along with cod and sprat.
Atlantski sled je ena od glavnih vrst, ki se lovijo v Baltskem morju, skupaj s trsko in papalino.
Baltic salmon is showing encouraging signs of recovery,according to ICES.
Po podatkih ICES losos v Baltiku kaže spodbudne znakeobnovitve.
This migratory species, which lives in bothfresh and salt water, had suffered considerably in the pastfrom deteriorating environmental conditions and the growing
Tega selivca, ki se giblje tako v sladki vodi kot vmorju, je v preteklosti zelo prizadelo poslabšanje okoljskih razmer in povečanje števila pregrad hidroelektrarn, zaradi
Managing cod in the Baltic
Upravljanje trske v Baltiku
Both the eastern and western cod stocks in the Baltic Sea are suffering from overexploitation with the eastern stock being already outside safe biological limits.
Oba staleža trske v Baltskem morju, tako vzhodnega kot zahodnega, je prizadelo preveliko izkoriščanje: vzhodni stalež je celo že presegel varne biološke meje.
During the course of 2006 the European Commission will table a proposal for a multi-annual plan for codstocks in the Baltic Sea.
V letu 2006 bo Evropska komisija predstavila predlagani večletni načrt za trsko v Baltskem morju.
The aim of the plan is to rebuild the stocks and lower fishing mortality gradually, which will ensure that thestocks can be exploited under sustainable economic, environmental and social conditions in the long term.
Cilj takšnega načrta je obnoviti populacije in postopno znižati ribolovno umrljivost, da se zagotovi dolgoročno izkoriščanje staležev podtrajnostnimi gospodarskimi, okoljskimi in družbenimi pogoji.
The plan will come into force in 2007. Management measures for 2006, adopted by the Council in December 2005, have already beendeveloped within the projected framework.
Rib iš tv določeno število dodatnih obdobij zapore za ribiške ladje, opremljene z zgoraj navedenimi orodji, ki jih določijo države članice.
Beyond annual TACs and quotas, the plan will include: a procedure to set annual TACs and quotas in response to an annual 10 % reduction of the fishing mortality rate; a summer ban on fishing with trawls, seines, and entangling and trammel nets with a mesh size of 90 mm or greater for a twomonth period in the western Baltic (15 March to 14 May) and for three months in the eastern Baltic (15 June to 14 September); a certain number of additional closed periods for fishing vessels with the abovementioned gear, to be allocated by Member States;these closed periods will be set so that they correspond to an annual 10 % reduction of the fishing mortality rate which in effectconstitutes a ban on fishing for an additional 30 days outside the closed periods for the western Baltic and for 27 days in the eastern Baltic for this year;
Te zapore bodo določene tako, da bodo ustrezale letnemu 10-odstotnemu zmanjšanju stopnje ribolovne umrljivosti, kar v tem letupomeni dodatno 30-dnevno prepoved ribolova zunaj obdobij zapore za zahodni Baltik in 27-dnevno prepoved za vzhodni Baltik;
I three areas corresponding to the Bornholm, Gdansk and Gotland deeps where fishing is prohibited from 1 May to 31 October; specific control measures for cod: fishing permits for vessels longer than 8 metres, prior notification conditions and the obligationfor vessels with a certain tonnage of cod on board to land that fish in designated ports.
I tri območja, ki ustrezajo globini Bornholm, globini Gdansk in globini Gotland, kjer je ribolov prepovedan od 1. maja do 31. oktobra; posebni nadzorni ukrepi za trsko: ribolovna dovoljenja za plovila, daljša od 8 metrov, zahteve za predhodno priglasitev in obveznost,da ladje, ki imajo na krovu določeno tonažo ulova trske, te ribe raztovorijo v točno določenih pristaniščih.
To protect juveniles, the regulation imposes minimum landing sizes for several species, including cod.
Da bi zaščitili nedorasle organizme, so bile z uredbopredpisane najmanjše dovoljene velikosti za več vrst,med katerimi je tudi trska.
The sizes vary from one fishingzone to the next.
Takšne velikosti se odenega do drugega ribolovnega območja lahko spreminjajo.
This simplification coincided with the Commission’s drawing-up of an action plan(2)to streamline and improvefisheries legislation.
Takšno prizadevanje za poenostavitev je izraženo tudi z besedilom uredbe. Ukrepi so opisani natančno in podrobno,da bi onemogočili tudi najmanjšo dvoumnost.
In that context, the Baltic Sea regulationcan be seen as launching a more general trend from whichother European Union seas will benefit in the near future.
To pa zato, da jihribiči zlahka uporabijo, ribiški inšpektorji pa zlahka nadzorujejo.V morju, kjer je treba nenehno skrbeti za ohranitev komercialnihstaležev, je stroga uporaba tehničnih ukrepov namreč nujnopotrebna za zagotovitev trajnostnega ribolova.
The concern for simplification can also be seen in the waythe regulation is formulated. The measures are describedprecisely and in detail, so as to avoid all ambiguity.
Kajti ukrepi, predpisani s to uredbo, prispevajo predvsem k dobremu upravljanju virov, kakršnega je zahtevala reformaskupne ribiške politike iz leta 2002.
In a sea where vigilance isvital if commercial stocks are to be preserved, strict application of technical measures is indispensable to guaranteesustainable fisheries.
Njihov cilj je vzpostavitevusmerjenega in selektivnega ribolova, ki omejuje prilov,naključni ulov in smrtnost nedoraslih organizmov.
The measures laid down by the new regulation are meant tocontribute first and foremost to sound resource management,as required by the reform of the Common Fisheries Policy in2002.
Namen ukrepov v zvezi z velikostjo mrežnega očesa jezmanjšati ulov nedoraslih organizmov.
They will help establish targeted and selective fishingactivity in the Baltic Sea, thus limiting by-catches, accidentalcatches and juvenile mortality.
To pa zato, da se večnedoraslim osebkom omogoči, da dosežejo zrelost, kajti prav od nedoraslih reproduktivnih organizmov so odvisnemožnosti za obnovitev staležev.
The measures concerning mesh size are intended to reducethe number of young fish caught.
Zato morajo biti mrežnaočesa takšna, da lahko zadržijo odrasle osebke, in dovoljvelika, da izpustijo nedorasle organizme.
On 1 January 2006, all technical measures relating to gears, by-catches, minimum landing sizes, andclosed zones and periods in the Baltic Sea werebrought together in a single legislative text.
Od 1. januarja 2006 naprej so vsi tehnični ukrepi v zvezi z orodji, prilovom, minimalnimi dovoljenimivelikostmi, območji in obdobji ustavitve na Baltskemmorju zbrani v enem samem zakonodajnem besedilu.Ukrepi so poleg takšne lažje dostopnosti napisanijasneje in preprosteje, da bi bila njihova uporaba in nadzor lažja.
In additionto being easier to consult in this form, the measuresare also worded more clearly and precisely, to facilitateimplementation and control.
S tem novim pristopom Evropska unijaželi izboljšati delovne pogoje ribičev in nacionalnihuprav sektorja ter spodbuditi uspešno, učinkovito in pregledno uporabo skupne ribiške politike.
) in Europe e
Zaradi
The minimum mesh size depends on the species targeted.Cod, for example, can only be caught with trawls having a mesh size of not less than 105 mm and fitted with highlyselective gears (Bacoma or T 90).
Mreže morajo glede na ciljne vrste imeti vsaj najmanjšovelikost mrežnih očes. Na primer, trska se lahko lovi samo z vlečnimi mrežami, katerih velikost mrežnega očesa jenajmanj 105 mm in ki so opremljene z zelo selektivniminapravami (Bacoma ali T 90).
For certain species, thisminimum mesh size also varies according to the fishing zone(see box).
Pri nekaterih vrstah jenajmanjša velikost mrežnega očesa odvisna od ribolovnegaobmočja (glej okvir).
Thenew regulation is the result of a determination
Uredba določa tudi druge zelo tehnične ukrepe zazagotovitev dobre selektivnosti vlečnih mrež.
The regulation also establishes a number of highly technicalmeasures to guarantee the proper selectivity of trawls.
posebnega položaja Baltskega morja je bila zakonodaja, ki se je uporabljala v zvezi z njim, dokaj razpršena in zapletena.Pred letom 2006 je bilo treba tehnične ukrepe iskati vobsežni celoti evropskih uredb in priporočil IBSFC, regionalneorganizacije za ribištvo, ki je že prenehala delovati.
By-catches to simplify the rules.
Naključni ulov ib og oj st v
Due to the special situation of the Baltic Sea, the regulations which used to apply to it were quitecomplex and distributed between many different legalinstruments.
Zahteve v zvezi z velikostjo mrežnega očesa spremljajopredpisi o naključnem ulovu.
Prior to 2006, it was necessary to consult alarge number of European regulations as well as the differentrecommendations issued by the IBSFC, the regional fisheriesorganisation that has since ceased operations.
Gre za preprečevanje izogibanjazakonodaji, pri katerem bi ulov lososov z orodji, namenjenimiza trsko, obveljal za naključni ulov.
Fisheries and a q ua cu lt ur
Ta je torej zelo omejen.
Mesh standards are matched with provisions on by-catches.These aim to prevent fraudsters from finding a way aroundthe regulation, for example by catching salmon with geardesigned for cod and then falsely representing the salmon as by-catches. By-catch is therefore strictly limited.
Evropska komisija je zato predlagala, da se ti različni elementizdružijo v eno samo uredbo, ki bi strnila vse tehnične ukrepe, ki veljajo za Baltsko morje, in sicer ukrepe v zvezi z ribolovnimorodjem, ciljnimi vrstami, prilovom, minimalnimi dovoljenimivelikostmi ter zemljepisnimi in sezonskimi omejitvami.
For each category of mesh, authorised species must representat least 90 % of the catch retained on board.
Za vsako kategorijo velikosti mrežnih očes morajo dovoljenevrste obsegati vsaj 90 % ulovljenih rib, obdržanih na krovu.Presežek je treba takoj vrniti v morje.
The surplusmust immediately be thrown back into the sea.
Vzemimo primer plovila z vlečnimi mrežami, ki lovi atlantskisled ob poljski obali, in sicer z velikostjo mrežnega očesa
The European Commission therefore proposed grouping all these different elements together into a single regulationthat would cover all the technical measures which apply tothe Baltic Sea, whether concerning gears, target species, by-catches, minimum landing sizes or geographical andseasonal restrictions.
Do takšne poenostavitve je prišlo, ko je Komisija določilaakcijski načrt(2) za racionalizacijo in izboljšanje ribiškezakonodaje. V tem okviru Baltsko morje napovedujesplošnejši premik, ki bo v bližnji prihodnosti koristil tudidrugim morjem Evropske unije.
Trawls with mesh of at least 105 mm, used to fish for cod or flatfish, must be fitted with highly selective gears such as the Bacoma window or T 90, which allow small fish to escape.
Plovila z vlečno mrežo z velikostjo mrežnega očesa, enako ali večjood 105 mm, ki se uporabljajo za ribolov trske ali bokoplut, morajo bitiopremljena z zelo selektivnimi napravami, kot je izhodno okno Bacoma ali T 90, ki omogočajo izhod majhnih osebkov.
Closed periods and zones
Obdobja in območja ustavitve ribolova
To go yet further in protecting resources, the EU has temporarilyprohibited fishing in certain geographical areas for cod,flounder and turbot.
Da bi okrepila zaščito virov, je Evropska unija uvedlazemljepisne in začasne ustavitve za ribolov trske, iverke in romba.