natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
In Bulgaria, the new Penal Procedure Code introduced in October 2005 regulates controlled delivery, confidential transactions and undercover investigations.
V Bolgariji je bil oktobra 2005 uveden novi kazenski zakonik, ki ureja nadzorovane pošiljke, zaupne transakcije in tajne preiskave.
There are also provisions for the temporary protection of witnesses in drugs cases and, in some circumstances, for protecting the identity of witnesses, as well as special rules for the questioning of such witnesses and use of undercover officers.
Vzpostavljene so tudi določbe za začasno zaščito prič v zadevah, povezanih z drogami, in v nekaterih okoliščinah za prikritje identitete prič ter posebna pravila za njihovo zasliševanje in uporabo policistov za tajne naloge.
The Law for the Protection of Witnesses has also been widely applied in drugs cases in Cyprus.
Na Norveškem ni več mogoče opraviti testiranja uživanja drog na delovnem mestu le ob privolitvi uslužbenca ali kandidata za zaposlitev.
The recent increase in cocaine trafficking has focused attention on the Caribbean area. In the Netherlands, since early 2003, a special law court with prison facilities has
Od začetka veljavnosti oddelka 94 Zakona o delovnem okolju lahko delodajalec zahteva, da uslužbenec ali kandidat za zaposlitev opravi test uživanja
In Norway, it is no longer the case that drug testing in the workplace can be carried out provided an employee or job applicant gives consent.
Podobna orodja so na voljo tudi tožilcem v drugih državah.
The new Finnish government decree on drug testing at work lays down a comprehensive list of provisions addressing consent, as well as the quality requirements of the test laboratories, samples and test results.
Na Češkem se pri sodnem pregonu kaznivih dejanj v zvezi z drogami pogosto uveljavljajo določbe kazenskega zakonika, ki omogoča zaščito identitete prič in nadzor oseb.
Annual report 2007: the state of the drugs problem in Europe on drug law offences, especially in relation to reporting and recording practices, i.e. what is recorded, when and how.
Letno poročilo 2007: stanje na področju problematike drog v Evropi drog samo v okoliščinah, določenih v statutu in pravilih, oziroma če je opravljanje dela pod vplivom prepovedanih drog posebej tvegano ali če delodajalec meni, da je testiranje potrebno zaradi varstva življenja in zdravja uslužbencev ali tretje osebe.
As a result, it can be difficult to make comparisons between countries; therefore, it is more appropriate to compare trends rather than absolute numbers, and to take into account national population sizes when analysing European average trends.
Zaradi tega so primerjave med državami lahko težavne;, zato je tudi primerneje primerjati trende kot absolutne številke in pri analizi povprečnih evropskih trendov upoštevati število prebivalstva v posameznih državah.
Overall, at EU level, the number of ‘reports’ of drug law offences increased by an average of 47 % between 2000 and 2005 (Figure 1).
Na ravni EU se je skupno število „poročil“ o kršitvah zakonov o drogah povprečno zvišalo za 47 % med letoma 2000 in 2005 (prikaz 1).
The data reveal increasing trends in all reporting countries except Latvia, Portugal and Slovenia, which reported an overall decline over the five-year period (9).
Iz podatkov je razviden trend povečevanja v vseh državah poročevalkah, razen v Latviji, na Portugalskem in v Sloveniji, ki so poročale o skupnem zmanjšanju v petletnem obdobju (9).
In the Czech Republic, rules covering drug testing by the police, prison staff or employers are now defined by Act 379/2005 Coll. on ‘Measures for protection from harm caused by tobacco products, alcohol, and other addictive substances’.
Na Češkem so pravila o testiranju uživanja drog, ki ga opravljajo policija, osebje v zaporih ali delodajalci, zdaj opredeljena v Zakonu 379/2005 Coll. o „ukrepih za zaščito pred škodo zaradi tobačnih proizvodov, alkohola in drugih snovi, ki povzročajo odvisnost“.
A professional examination is mandatory when it is reasonable to assume that the use of substances puts the person in a condition in which they or others could be harmed.
Strokovna preiskava je obvezna, kadar je smiselno predvidevati, da bi lahko bila oseba zaradi uporabe snovi v stanju, ki bi lahko škodovalo njej ali drugim osebam.
It also specifies when the police, prison staff or employers are entitled to carry out a breath test or take a saliva sample.
Zakon tudi določa, kdaj lahko policija, osebje v zaporih ali delodajalci opravljajo preizkus vsebnosti alkohola v izdihanem zraku ali odvzamejo vzorec sline.
Medical examinations, by breath test and samples of biological material, can be carried only out in healthcare facilities with adequate professional and operational competence.
Medicinske preiskave, ki vključujejo preizkus vsebnosti alkohola v izdihanem zraku in vzorce biološkega materiala, lahko opravijo samo v zdravstvenih ustanovah z ustrezno strokovno in izvedbeno pristojnostjo.
The balance between offences related to use and those related to trafficking varies, with most European countries reporting that the majority of offences are related to drug use or possession for use, figures in 2005 ranging up to 91 %
Potreba po preprečevanju z drogo povezanega kriminala ima pomembno mesto v evropski politiki, kar je razvidno iz tega, da trenutna strategija EU na področju drog opredeljuje ta cilj kot ključno področje delovanja, da se doseže zagotavljanje visoke ravni varnosti prebivalstva.
the Netherlands, Turkey and Norway, drug law offences related to dealing and trafficking are predominant, with these offences accounting for up to 92 % (the Czech Republic) of all drug law offences reported in 2005.
Večina evropskih država poroča, da je največ kaznivih dejanj povezanih z uživanjem drog ali posedovanjem z namenom uživanja, podatki za leto 2005 pa kažejo, da so največji delež dosegli v Španiji, in sicer 91 % (10), na Češkem, v Luksemburgu, na Nizozemskem, v Turčiji in na Norveškem pa so prevladovale kršitve zakonov o drogah, povezane s preprodajo in trgovino, in sicer je njihov delež znašal do 92 % (Češka) vseh zabeleženih kršitev zakonov o drogah v letu 2005.
In most European countries, cannabis is the illicit drug most often involved in reported drug law offences (11).
V večini evropskih držav članic je konoplja tista prepovedana droga, ki je najpogosteje predmet kršitev zakonov o drogah iz poročil (11).
In the countries where this is the case, cannabis-related offences in 2005 accounted for 42–74% of all drug law offences.
V državah, v katerih ta trditev drži, je leta 2005 delež s konopljo povezanih kršitev obsegal od 42 do 74 % vseh kršitev zakonov o drogah.
In the Czech Republic, methamphetamine-related offences predominated, accounting for 53 % of all drug law offences, while in Luxembourg cocaine was the most reported substance (implicated in 35 % of drug law offences).
Na Češkem so prevladovale kršitve, povezane z metamfetaminom, njihov delež pa je znašal 53 % vseh kršitev zakonov o drogah, medtem ko je bila v Luksemburgu najpogostejša snov, o kateri so poročali, kokain (35 % kršitev zakonov o drogah).
Among the tasks scheduled for 2007 in the EU drug action plan 2005–08 is the adoption of a common definition of ‘drug-related crime’, on the basis of a European Commission proposal based on studies brought forward by the EMCDDA.
Ena od nalog, predvidenih za leto 2007 v akcijskem načrtu EU na področju drog 2005–2008, je sprejetje skupne opredelitve „z drogo povezanega kriminala“ na podlagi predloga Komisije, ki bo temeljil na študijah, ki jih bo predložil Center.
What is meant by ‘drug-related crime’ varies across disciplines and professionals, but it can be considered to include four broad categories: psychopharmacological crimes (those committed under the influence of a psychoactive substance), economic compulsive crimes (those committed in order to obtain money/goods/drugs to support a drug habit), systemic crimes (those committed within the functioning of illicit drug markets) and drug law offences (including use, possession, dealing, trafficking, etc.) (see also EMCDDA, 2007a).
Pomen izraza „z drogami povezani kriminal“ se razlikuje med različnimi disciplinami in strokovnjaki, velja pa lahko, da vključuje štiri široke kategorije: psihofarmakološka kazniva dejanja (storjena pod vplivom psihoaktivnih snovi), kompulzivna gospodarska kazniva dejanja (storjena z namenom pridobitve denarja/blaga/drog zaradi zasvojenosti z drogami), sistemska kaziva dejanja (storjena v okviru delovanja trgov s prepovedanimi drogami) in kršitve zakonov o drogah (vključno z uporabo, posedovanjem, preprodajo, trgovino itd.) (glej tudi EMCDDA, 2007a).
Downward trends were, however, reported by the Czech Republic (2002–05) and Slovenia (2001–05).
Opredelitve prvih treh vidikov z drogo povezanega kriminala je včasih težko uporabiti v praksi, podatki pa
In all reporting countries except Luxembourg and the Netherlands, cannabis is the drug most often involved in offences for use/possession for use.
V petletnem obdobju od leta 2000 do 2005 je število „poročil“ o kršitvah zakonov o drogah, povezanih s konopljo, ostalo na enaki ravni ali pa se je povečalo v večini držav poročevalk, pri čemer je bilo na ravni EU opaženo skupno povprečno povečanje za 36 %.
However, the proportion of use-related offences involving cannabis has been decreasing since 2000 in several countries (Greece, Italy, Cyprus, Austria, Slovenia and Turkey) and in the most recent year for which data are available (2004–05) in a majority of reporting countries, possibly indicating that in these countries
Češka (med letoma 2002 in 2005) in Slovenija (med letoma 2001 in 2005) pa sta poročali o trendu zmanjševanja.
The term ‘reports’ for drug law offences is given in quotation marks because it describes different concepts in different countries (police reports of suspected drug law offenders, charges for drug law offences, etc.).
Izraz „poročila“ o kršitvah zakonov o drogah je v narekovajih, ker v različnih državah opisuje različne pojme (policijska poročila o osumljenih kršiteljih zakonov o drogah, obtožbe zaradi kršitev zakonov o drogah itd.).
For an exact definition for each country, refer to the methodological notes on drug law offences in the 2007 statistical bulletin.
Glede natančne opredelitve za vsako državo posebej si oglejte metodološke opombe o kršitvah zakonov o drogah v Statističnem biltenu 2007.
(9) See Table DLO-1 in the 2007 statistical bulletin.(10) See Table DLO-2 in the 2007 statistical bulletin.
(9) Glej preglednico DLO-1 v Statističnem biltenu 2007.(10) Glej preglednico DLO-2 v Statističnem biltenu 2007.
) See Table DLO-3 in the 2007 statistical bulletin.
) Glej preglednico DLO-3 v Statističnem biltenu 2007.
Figure 1: Indexed trends in reports for drug law offences in EU Member States, 2000–05 extent than other drugs (
Prikaz 1: Indeksirani trendi v poročilih o prekrških v zvezi z drogami v državah članicah EU med letoma 2000 in 2005
All reports
Vsa poročila
NB: The trends represent the available information on national number of reports for drug law offences (criminal and non-criminal) reported by all law enforcement agencies in the EU Member States; all series are indexed to a base of 100 in 2000 and weighted by country population sizes to form an overall EU trend.
Opomba: Trendi predstavljajo razpoložljive informacije o nacionalnem številu poročil o prekrških, povezanih z drogo (kazenskih in nekazenskih), o katerih poročajo vsi organi kazenskega pregona v državah članicah EU. Vsi nizi so indeksirani do osnove 100 pri 2 000 poročilih in ponderirani glede na število prebivalcev v državah, da bi ugotovili splošni trend v EU.
Because definitions and study units differ widely between countries, the general term ‘reports for drug law offences’ is used; for more information, see ‘Drug law offences: methods and definitions’ in the 2007 statistical bulletin.
Ker se opredelitve in študijske enote med državami zelo razlikujejo, se uporablja splošen izraz „poročila o prekrških, povezanih z drogami“; za več informacij glej „Kršitve zakonodaje o drogah: metode in opredelitve“ v Statističnem biltenu 2007.
Countries lacking data for two or more consecutive years are not included in the trend calculations: the overall trend is based on 24 countries; the trend for heroin is based on 14 countries, cocaine on 14, and cannabis on 15.
Države, ki nimajo podatkov za dve ali več zaporednih let, niso vključene v izračun trenda: splošni trend temelji na 24 državah, trend za heroin na 14 državah, za kokain na 14 državah, za konopljo pa na 15 državah.
See Figure DLO-6 in the statistical bulletin for further information.
Za dodatne informacije glej prikaz DLO-6 v Statističnem biltenu.
Sources: Reitox national focal points and, for population data, http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/
Viri: Nacionalne kontaktne točke Reitox, za podatke o prebivalstvu pa http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/
Drug-related research in Europe, as reported by national focal points, is financed through national and European public funds.
Financiranje nadomestnega zdravljenja.
Several Member States report that research on drugs is financed by general national research funds (Germany, the Netherlands, Finland, the United Kingdom), Ministry of Health research funds (Italy) or by funds controlled by the national drug coordinating body (France, Sweden).
Raziskave na področju preprečevanja obsegajo precej manjši delež v znanstveni literaturi, navedeni v nacionalnih poročilih.
In Romania, research is funded through international organisations, such as the Global Fund.
Od petih ključnih kazalnikov Centra so najštevilnejše publikacije o nalezljivih boleznih, sledijo pa jim publikacije o razširjenosti uživanja drog med mladimi.
Research activity of hepatitis C-positive drug users, is quoted particularly often in the German report, whereas the Dutch report focuses on new treatment methodologies.
Raziskave v zvezi z drogami se v Evropi po poročanju nacionalnih kontaktnih točk financirajo iz nacionalnih in evropskih javnih sredstev.
Research studies quoted from the United Kingdom deal mainly with problem drug use, crime and market issues.
Več držav članic poroča, da raziskave na področju drog financirajo splošna nacionalna sredstva za raziskave (Nemčija, Nizozemska, Finska in Združeno kraljestvo), sredstva za raziskave ministrstva za zdravje (Italija) ali sredstva, ki jih nadzoruje nacionalni organ za usklajevanje na področju drog (Francija, Švedska).
The few references to neuroscientific research are primarily Dutch; however, the French MILDT has also financed a series of research projects in this area.
V Romuniji raziskave financirajo mednarodne organizacije, kot je Svetovni sklad.
Addiction treatment appears to be an important subject of research, with the majority of studies examining different aspects of substitution treatment.
Znanstvene publikacije, navedene v nacionalnih poročilih, se razlikujejo med državami.
Research on prevention accounts for a much smaller proportion of the scientific literature cited in the national reports.
Raziskave na področju zdravljenja, zlasti zdravljenja uživalcev drog z virusom hepatitisa C, so zlasti pogosto navedene v nemškem poročilu, medtem ko je nizozemsko poročilo osredotočeno na nove metodologije zdravljenja.
Of the EMCDDA’s five key indicators, publications on infectious diseases are the most numerous, followed by publications on the prevalence of drug use among young people.
Raziskovalne študije, ki jih je navedlo Združeno kraljestvo, se ukvarjajo predvsem s problematičnim uživanjem drog, kriminalom in tržnimi vprašanji.
The scientific publications quoted in the national reports vary between countries. Treatment research, particularly treatment
Iz analize strokovno pregledanih znanstvenih publikacij v letih 2005 in 2006, ki so navedene v nacionalnih poročilih in se uporabljajo kot kazalnik znanstvene dejavnosti, je razviden vzorec prednostnih tem raziskav, ki se med državami razlikujejo.
In 2006, the Netherlands launched the research programme ‘Risk behaviour and dependence’.
Zdi se, da je zdravljenje odvisnosti pomemben predmet raziskovanja, saj večina študij proučuje različne vidike
In the United Kingdom, studies on the quality of treatment systems and on very young problem drug users have recently been initiated.
Pred kratkim začeti raziskovalni programi kažejo, da so si države članice zastavile podobne nacionalne prednostne
) In some of the countries where the proportion of use-related offences involving cannabis has been decreasing, it is worth noting that absolute numbers of use-related offences involving cannabis are on the increase.)
13) Dejstvo, da evropsko povprečje ne izraža povečevanja kršitev v zvezi s heroinom, ugotovljenega v polovici držav poročevalk, je predvsem posledica tega, da države, za katere
The fact that the European average does not reflect the increase in heroin offences found in half of the reporting countries is mainly because countries for which data are missing for two consecutive years are not included in the European average but also because the European average takes into account national population sizes (thus giving more weight to figures from some countries than to others).
( podatki manjkajo za dve zaporedni leti, niso vključene v evropsko povprečje, pa tudi tega, da evropsko povprečje upošteva nacionalna števila prebivalcev (in tako daje večji pomen številkam iz nekaterih držav v primerjavi z drugimi).
Drugs and driving — EMCDDA 2007 selected issue
V Združenem kraljestvu so pred kratkim začeli izvajati študiji o kakovosti sistemov zdravljenja in zelo mladih problematičnih uživalcih drog.
Psychoactive substances can impair a person’s ability to drive a car to the extent that the risk of accidents and injuries is increased.
Psihoaktivne snovi lahko tako zmanjšajo sposobnost posameznika za upravljanje avtomobila, da se poveča tveganje za nesreče in poškodbe.
A selected issue on drugs and driving gives an overview on the outcomes of different types of studies on this topic, focusing on cannabis and benzodiazepines, as well as on preventive and legal approaches towards this problem behaviour.
Izbrano vprašanje o drogah in vožnji predstavlja pregled rezultatov različnih vrst študij o tej temi, osredotočeno pa je na konopljo in benzodiazepine ter na pristope preprečevanja in pravne pristope k tej vrsti problematičnega vedenja.
This selected issue is available in print and on the Internet in English only (http://issues07.emcdda.europa.eu).
To izbrano vprašanje je na voljo v tiskani obliki in na spletu samo v angleškem jeziku (http://issues07.emcdda.europa.eu).
EU funding for drug-related research is provided through research framework programmes, the most recent of which, the seventh framework programme (2007–13), was launched at the end of 2006.
Finančna sredstva EU za raziskave v zvezi z drogami se zagotavljajo prek raziskovalnih okvirnih programov; najnovejši 7. okvirni program (2007–13) se je začel izvajati konec leta 2006.
Research projects reporting on their results in 2005/06 emerged from the ‘Life quality’ theme in the fifth EU research framework programme (1998–2002).
Raziskovalni projekti, ki so o rezultatih poročali v obdobju 2005–2006, so izhajali iz teme „Kakovost življenja“ 5. raziskovalnega okvirnega programa
Chapter 2Responding to drug problems in Europe — an overview
Poglavje 2Odzivi na problematiko drog v Evropi – pregled
The EU drugs action plan 2005–08 specifically calls on Member States to increase the provision of effective and diversified methods of prevention, treatment, harm reduction and social reintegration that are easily accessible.
Akcijski načrt EU na področju drog 2005–08 poziva države članice zlasti, naj izboljšajo zagotavljanje učinkovitih, raznovrstnih in lahko dostopnih metod za preprečevanje, zdravljenje, zmanjševanje škode in socialno reintegracijo.
These facets of the drug problem in Europe will be discussed in more detail in this chapter.
Ti vidiki problema drog v Evropi so v tem poglavju podrobneje obravnavani.
Greece, Cyprus, Lithuania and Italy monitor school-based prevention, while in Greece, Poland, Sweden and Finland, community-based prevention services are under study, and France has set up a centralised system to monitor drug prevention.
preprečevanje v šolah, v Grčiji ter na Poljskem, Švedskem in Finskem preučujejo storitve preprečevanja v skupnosti, Francija pa je vzpostavila centraliziran sistem spremljanja preprečevanja na področju uživanja drog.
Some countries (the Czech Republic, the autonomous region of Galicia in Spain, Hungary and Norway) are already focusing on the evidence base when funding for interventions is applied for, and are considering introducing accreditation systems.
Nekatere države (Češka, avtonomna regija Galicija v Španiji, Madžarska in Norveška) se že osredotočajo na dokaze pri prošnjah za financiranje intervencij in razmišljajo o uvedbi akreditacijskih sistemov.
Portugal, Finland and Romania have minimum quality criteria for prevention programmes.
Portugalska, Finska in Romunija imajo merila minimalne kakovosti za programe preprečevanja.
Information from Hungary and the Netherlands would suggest that the existence of prevention monitoring systems and quality criteria leads to better reporting on projects and evaluations and a higher quality of interventions.
Informacije iz Madžarske in Nizozemske kažejo, da sistemi spremljanja preprečevanja in meril kakovosti pripomorejo k boljšemu poročanju o projektih in vrednotenjih ter k višji kakovosti intervencij.
Most prevention programmes are not evaluated.
Večina programov preprečevanja ni ovrednotena.
Those that are evaluated are usually assessed in terms of the ‘scope and the acceptance of the intervention’ rather than ‘the extent to which the objectives have been achieved’ (Greek national report).
Tisti, ki so ovrednoteni, se po navadi ocenjujejo v smislu „obsega in sprejetja intervencije“ in ne „ravni uresničenih ciljev“ (grško nacionalno poročilo).
Prevention strategies can be targeted at different groups — ranging from total populations to specific risk groups — and the methods applied vary accordingly.
Strategije preprečevanja so lahko usmerjene na različne skupine – od celotnega prebivalstva do posameznih ogroženih skupin – glede na to se tudi razlikujejo uporabljene metode.
Treatment and harm-reduction measures are also available to drug users and drug addicts, and in a considerable number of countries their effectiveness has been evaluated through outcome studies.
Uživalcem drog in odvisnikom so na voljo tudi zdravljenje in ukrepi za zmanjševanje škode, katerih učinkovitost se v precej državah ocenjuje s študijami rezultatov.
Harm-reduction measures aim to prevent drug-related deaths and to reduce health-related harm, for example HIV or hepatitis C infections.
Cilj ukrepov za zmanjševanje škode je preprečevanje smrtnih primerov zaradi drog in zmanjševanje škode za zdravje, na primer okužbe z virusom HIV ali hepatitisom C.
Heroin dependence is usually treated with substitution therapy, and special programmes have been developed for cannabis, amphetamine and cocaine dependence.
Odvisnost od heroina se po navadi zdravi z nadomestno terapijo, za odvisnost od konoplje, amfetamina in kokaina pa so pripravljeni posebni programi.
And, in the event of successful treatment, the next step is social reintegration.
Če je zdravljenje uspešno, je naslednji korak socialna reintegracija.
As will be described below, the living conditions of many drug users are poor and social reintegration strategies often have to overcome considerable problems.
Kot je opisano v nadaljevanju, so življenjske razmere številnih uživalcev drog slabe in strategije socialne reintegracije se pogosto spopadajo s premagovanjem precejšnjih težav.
For each type of intervention, examples are given from different countries and research results in support of their effectiveness, or otherwise, are discussed.
Za vsako vrsto intervencije so navedeni primeri iz različnih držav, obravnavani pa so tudi rezultati raziskav, ki dokazujejo njihovo učinkovitost ali neučinkovitost.