natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Much of the effects and benefits which these programmes generated cannot therefore be fully measured or demonstrated, particularly the more qualitative aspects.
Sestavljanje ali zbiranje lokalnih rezultatov in vplivov projektov je lahko težavno tudi, kadar se vsi nahajajo znotraj enega samega programa ali sheme.
Of course, the initiative was evaluated but this did not consistently extend to capturing the effects at the local level where the‘real e ects’ are felt.
Brez preproste vzročne strukture odnosa med dejavnostmi projektov in njihovimi rezultati, lahko dajo podobni projekti povsem različne rezultate in vplive.
The evaluation methodology did not evolve to address this and as a consequence the overall impact and effect of the Leader approach is not fully evaluated.
To še posebno drži za primer pristopa od spodaj navzgor, pri katerem projekti izhajajo iz skupnosti kot odziv na lokalno ugotovljene priložnosti in potrebe.
The baseline is effectively the starting position for the range of indicators against which performance is measured, and it should therefore relate directly to the objectives and targets.
Kadar je znotraj skupnega programa ali sheme povezanih več projektov, je težko ovrednotiti povezane učinke različnih dopolnjujočih se naložb.
In small-scale rural development these should address the micro-level and be appropriate to the scale of activity.
Posledica tega je, da vrednotenje, ki temelji na lokalnem projektu, ne more biti povsem učinkovito, če se izvaja s pomočjo okvira programske ravni od zgoraj navzdol.
As a general principle baseline to baseline measurement is thought only to be effective when carried out at a project level.It is also worth noting that Leader+ makes specific budgetary provision for supporting the establishment of baselines.
Seveda pa je mogoče načrtovati procese spremljanja projekta, ki prispevajo k takim pristopom.
Drawing together or aggregating the local outputs and impacts from projects even when they lie within a single programme or scheme can be dificult.
Pri ugotavljanju resničnih učinkov programa na lokalni ravni so se pojavila določena vprašanja.
Without a simple causal structure relating projects’ activities with their outcome, similar projects may result in a different range of outputs and impacts.
Naknadni ocenjevalci izvirnega programa Leader so naleteli na določene probleme, ker program ni imel predvidene strukture kazalnikov in spremljanja.
This is particularly the case with a bottom-up approach where projects arise from the community in response to locally perceived opportunities and needs.
Ugotovili so, da je skoraj nemogoče količinsko ovrednotiti rezultate.
Where a number of projects within an integrated programme or scheme combine, it is dificult to assess the combined effects of different complementary invest-ments.The implication of this is that local project-based evaluation cannot be fully effective if undertaken through a topdown programme-level framework.
Ekipa, ki je pripravljala končno vrednotenje za Leader II na ravni EU, je ugotovila, da sta se zbiranje in primerjava informacij, zbranih na evropski ravni, izkazala za nepričakovano težavna in da je vzrok za to „izjemna raznolikost izvajanja pobude in posledično sistemov spremljanja in zbiranja podatkov, razlik v obsegu in uporabljenih metodologijah za vrednotenje nacionalnih in regionalnih programov in izguba institucionalnega spomina (v nekaterih primerih zaradi različnih virov, ki so dajali različne odgovore na ista vprašanja).“ To pomanjkanje usklajenosti in izguba institucionalnega spomina kažeta na odvisnost od posameznikov, zlasti na lokalni ravni; ocenjevalci pa ugotavljajo, da je praksa vrednotenja„še vedno redka na skrajnem koncu izvedbene verige programa“. Velika odvisnost od ključnih posameznikov in omejeni viri LAS tudi pomenijo, da so „nekatere skupine pozabile“ na priporočila o sprotnem spremljanju.
It is, however, possible to design the project monitoring processes to contribute to such approaches.
To še bolj poudarja potrebo po učinkovitih in primernih pristopih za ugotavljanje rezultatov na usklajen način, ki bi ga lahko uporabljali v prihodnosti.
The particular case of Leader
Trajnostni razvoj in povezovanje
Evaluation is highlighted as a key element in identifying and demonstrating the main lessons of the Leader experience for other rural development policies and facilitating the transfer and promotion of best practice.
Celostni pristop k trajnostnemu razvoju podeželja ne pomeni, da bi morali biti učinki v vsakem območju neločljivo povezani eden z drugim, pač pa je treba omogočiti ugotavljanje skupnega učinka in posameznih prispevkov.
Evaluation of Leader has therefore generally sought to take account of both the classic impact evaluation approach and the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the seven spe-ci c features of the Leader approach.
Vrednotenje, ki je namenjeno samo izpolnjevanju gospodarskopolitičnih potreb, ne bo učinkovito in je lahko v lokalnem smislu zavajajoče ali se ga lahko napačno razlaga.
This sought to meet monitoring and evaluation information needs from the local to the European level.That this has not been universally successful is rest ect-ed in the conclusions of major evaluations and in the developing evaluation guidance, e.g. for Leader+. Leader is about integrated sustainable development and is there-
Poskus kakršnega koli merjenja socialno-ekonomskega vpliva, na primer razvojne dejavnosti, ki temelji na naravni dediščini, razen vplivov, ki jih je mogoče neposredno pripisovati, kot na primer neposredno zaposlitev, pomeni nerazumevanje bistvenega namena celostnih pobud, kakršna
The process of data collection and aggregation can be viewed as a pyramid structure with the peak being at the EU level and the base at the community level.
Vrednotenje je poudarjeno kot ključna sestavina pri ugotavljanju in prikazovanju glavnih spoznanj iz izkušenj Leader za druge politike razvoja podeželja in olajšanju prenosa in predstavljanja najboljše prakse.
The classic topdown evaluation sets the evaluation framework and indicators from the peak, and cascades these down to the lower levels.
Pri tem se skuša izpolniti informacijske potrebe po spremljanju in vrednotenju od lokalne do evropske ravni.
The bottom-up approach sees the effects first hand, and depends on this being recorded at the base level.
Da to ni bilo vsesplošno uspešno, se vidi iz zaključkov večine vrednotenj in iz pripravljanja smernic za vrednotenje, npr. za Leader+.
This is then aggregated to provide information to the upper levels.
Pri projektih Leader gre za celostni trajnostni razvoj, zato je njihovo vrednotenje zapleteno.
The most comprehensive information is therefore available at the local community level but not all information gathered there necessarily translates to the upper levels.There are particular issues identified in relation to capturing the real effects of the programme at the local level.
Konvencionalni kazalniki in pristopi vrednotenja ne zajamejo „lovk“ celostnega pristopa, ki so odgovorne za veliko težje zaznaven in širši vpliv.
The ex post evaluators of the original Leader programme faced particular problems, with no structure of indicators and monitoring designed into the programme.
Pri prejšnjih dveh generacijah Leader je bilo spremljanje in vrednotenje zelo težavno.
Leader+ evaluation guidance and in the nal evaluation of Leader II.
Prehodna vprašanja je Leader.
This evaluation concluded that‘apart from the obligatory character of evaluations, they should be considered as an important eld of innovation for local groups’.Self-evaluation may be differentiated from external evaluation in that it is primarily learning focused and separate from impact assessment.
Čeprav obstajajo nedvoumni gospodarski učinki, so ti povsem razpršeni in oslabljeni, za njihovo opredelitev pa so potrebni preveliki napori.
It has a fundamental role in facilitating the dissemination and transfer of experience and approaches between areas, sectors and groups.
Učinkovito merjenje rezultatov in vplivov projekta glede na njegove osnovne cilje je veliko učinkovitejše.
Such reflective learning is therefore fundamental to the Leader approach and is an essential tool for sustainable development.This is not restricted to programme managers and LAGs, however, and must include those local actors who are promoting the bottom-up activities inherent in the Leader approach.
To velja tudi za vrednotenje lokalnih programov: finančna sredstva so bila dodeljena skupinam na podlagi njihovih strategij, podprti projekti morajo biti skladni s temi strategijami in njihove učinke je najbolje meriti v zvezi s temi lokalnimi cilji.
Transition issues
Metoda in dejavnosti
The integrated approach to sustainable rural development does not imply that the effects in each area should be indivisible from each other; it should be possible to identify the whole effect and the individual contributions.
Pri vzpostavljanju pobude Leader+ je bilo v obvestilu Komisije državam članicam navedeno, da je ključni pristop priprava skupnih vprašanj o vrednotenju (z merili uspešnosti) v nacionalnih programih in da bo to okrepilo dopolnjevanje vrednotenja Leader+ z vrednotenjem programov razvoja podeželja in vrednotenjem v okviru strukturnih skladov.
Evaluation designed only to meet economic policy needs will not be effective and in the local context may be misleading or open to misinterpretation.
Bolj ko se pristop Leader približuje uskladitvi z Uredbo o razvoju podeželja 2007–2013, pomembneje je, da se zagotovijo prepričljivi dokazi o uspehih pristopa in udeležencev.
To attempt to measure the socioeconomic impact of, for example, a natural herit-age-based development activity, rather than the directly attributable impacts such as direct employment, is to misunderstand the core purpose of integrated initiatives such as Leader.
Imamo možnost, da se opremo na izkušnje Leader+ in se izognemo nekdanjim slabostim pri ugotavljanju in poudarjanju učenja in s tem povezanimi izgubami izkušenj med različnimi generacijami pobud. Razvoj pristopov, kot je uporaba„skupnih vprašanj vrednotenja“ za Leader pri razvoju podeželja, kaže na povezavo in potrebo po prikazovanju neposrednejšega pomena Leader za širši razvoj podeželja.
Whilst there are undoubted economic effects, these will be thoroughly spread and diluted, and require a disproportionate effort to capture.
Breme, da bodo dokazali, da Leader deluje, je po pravici naloženo tistim, ki sodelujejo pri pobudi!
Effective measurement of the project outputs and impacts in relation to its corestated objectives and targets will be much more effective.
Vrednotenje Leader je treba videti kot ključno sestavino nadaljnjega razvojnega procesa, ki bi moral vključevati vse udeležence.
This extends to the evaluation of local programmes: funding has been awarded to groups on the basis of their strategies; projects which are supported should be consistent with these strategies; and their effects are best measured in relation to these local objectives.
Zagotoviti bi moral bistvene informacije za razvoj in izvajanje učinkovitih pristopov, ki koristijo ljudem na podeželju, poslovanju, okolju in skupnosti.
In setting up the Leader+ initiative, the Commission notice to the Member States indicated that the key approach was to provide common evaluation questions (with success criteria) across the national programmes, and that this will reinforce the complementarity of the evaluation of Leader+ with that of rural development programmes and evaluation under the Structural Funds.
Komisija je pri pripravi smernic za vrednotenje Leader+črpala iz izkušenj s prejšnjimi programi in vrednotenji.
The opportunity exists to build on Leader+ and to avoid the previous weaknesses in capturing and capitalising on learning, and the associated losses of experience between generations of the initiative.The development of approaches, such as the application to Leader of the common evaluation questions for rural development, highlights both the link and the need to demonstrate Leader’s more direct relevance to wider rural development.
Smernice za vrednotenje programov navajajo, da„bi moralo vrednotenje pobude, kot je Leader+, presegati pristope vrednotenja, ki je osredotočeno predvsem na rezultate in vplive, in obseg razširiti tudi na izvedbeni proces in njegov prispevek k skupnim učinkom pobude“.
The onus is rightly placed on those involved in the initiative to prove that Leader works!
Ocenjevalcem je zato bilo naročeno, da obravnavajo „dvojni obseg“, to je spodbujanje celostnega in trajnostnega razvoja podeželja v širšem smislu in hkrati spodbujanje udeležencev, da bi razvili notranji potencial in dinamiko podeželij.
Evaluation of Leader must be seen as a key element of the continuing development process, which should involve all the actors.
To pomeni, da bi moralo vrednotenje zdaj upoštevati posebne značilnosti pristopa Leader, ki segajo onkraj pristopov, osredotočenih predvsem na rezultate in vplive, in upoštevati prispevek procesa izvedbe na skupne učinke pobude.
It should provide vital information in developing and implementing effective approaches which benefit rural people, businesses, environments and communities.
To vključuje obseg, v katerem:• se je izvajala metoda Leader,• je ta metoda zagotovila dodano vrednost v primerjavi s konvencionalnimi pristopi.Sedanje mnenje je, da je Leader mogoče primerno ovrednotiti le s kombinacijo vrednotenja vpliva in ocene izvedbe metode na vseh ravneh.
The Commission drew on the experience of previous programmes and previous evaluations in developing the guidance for the evaluation of Leader+.
Samostojno učenje je očitno sestavni del Leader na več načinov.
The guidance for the evaluation of the programme states that: ’For an Initiative such as Leader+, evaluation should go beyond approaches to evaluation mainly centred on results and impacts, by extending the scope also to the implementing process and its contribution to the overall effects of the initiative.’
Kot splošni pristop je posebej poudarjeno v temeljnih načelih vrednotenja, na primer v smernicah za vrednotenje Leader+ in končnem vrednotenju Leader II.
Evaluators were therefore directed to address the ‘double scope’, promoting integrated and sustainable rural development in a broader sense while encouraging the actors to develop the inner potential and dynamism of rural areas.
S tem vrednotenjem je bilo ugotovljeno, da„vrednotenja niso le obveznost, ampak jih je treba upoštevati tudi kot pomembno področje inovacij za lokalne skupine“.Samovrednotenje je lahko drugačno od zunanjega vrednotenja v tem, da je osredotočeno predvsem na učenje in je ločeno od presoje vpliva.
This means that evaluation now should take account of the specific features of the Leader approach, extending beyond approaches mainly centred on results and impacts and considering the contribution of the process of implementation to the overall effects of the initiative.
Končna ocena Leader II je ugotovila, da je le 20 % skupin izvajalo samovrednotenje.
This includes the extent to which:• the Leader method has been implemented;• this method has provided added value compared with conventional approaches.The perspective now is that it is only by combining the evaluation of the impact with the assessment of the implementation of the method at all levels that Leader may be appropriately evaluated.
Vrednotenje ni samo sebi v namen, ampak orodje, ki pomaga pri učenju iz izkušenj, ugotavljanju učinkovitosti inovativnih pristopov in prepoznavanju dobre prakse ter s tem izboljšanju učinkovitosti in boljšem izpolnjevanju širših strateških ciljev. Ima temeljno vlogo pri lažjem razširjanju in prenosu izkušenj ter pristopov med območji, sektorji in skupinami.
Self-learning is clearly inherent in Leader in several ways.
Takšno reektivno učenje je torej temeljno za pristop Leader in je bistveni pripomoček za trajnostni razvoj.
As an overall approach, in the fundamental principles of evaluation, it is specifically highlighted, for example in the
To učenje ni omejeno na vodje programov in lokalne akcijske skupine, vključevati mora tiste lokalne udeležence, ki spodbujajo dejavnosti„od spodaj navzgor“, ki so sestavni del pristopa Leader.
SPECIAL FOCUS:
POSEBNA USMERITEV:
Selected by 34 % of local action groups, ‘Making the best use of natural and cultural resources’ is the most popular of all Leader+ themes.
„Kar najboljše izkoriščanje naravnih in kulturnih virov“ je 34 % lokalnih akcijskih skupin izbralo za najbolj priljubljeno od vseh tem Leader+.
Natural and cultural resources are important legacies which need to be safeguarded for future generations and which, under the Leader+ initiative, can be used as a key driver of sustainable development at Community level.
Naravni in kulturni viri so pomembna dediščina, ki jo je treba zavarovati za prihodnje generacije in ki se lahko v okviru pobude Leader+ uporabi kot ključno gonilo trajnostnega razvoja na ravni Skupnosti.
Some of these resources, especially cultural ones, may be less tangible than others, but can be a crucial element in a region’s integrated rural development strategy.
Nekateri od teh virov, zlasti kulturni, so lahko manj otipljivi kot drugi, vendar so lahko bistvena sestavina strategije celostnega razvoja podeželja regije.
This is shown by the overlap with other themes, especially ‘adding value to local products’, and ‘improving the quality of life in rural areas’.
To se vidi v prekrivanju z drugimi temami, zlasti z„dodajanjem vrednosti lokalnim proizvodom“ in„izboljšanjem kakovosti življenja na podeželju“.
An area well known for its production of a particular product is able to not only market this local product, but may also promote its use as a natural resource that characterises the area.
Območje, ki je znano po pridelavi določenega proizvoda, je sposobno ne le tržiti ta lokalni proizvod, temveč tudi spodbuja njegovo uporabo v smislu naravnega vira, značilnega za to območje.
Similarly, an enhanced natural environment or a greater sense of cultural identity can improve the quality of rural life.
Podobno lahko utrjeno naravno okolje ali večji občutek za kulturno identiteto izboljšata kakovost podeželskega življenja.
It is linked to the concept of ‘social capital’ where local communities are encouraged to take responsibility for their future development.Many debates exist about what exactly is the ‘best use’ of natural and cultural resources.
To je povezano s konceptom „socialnega kapitala“, kar lokalne skupnosti spodbuja, da prevzemajo odgovornost za svoj bodoči razvoj. Obstajajo številne razprave o tem, kaj natančno je „naj-boljša uporaba“ naravnih in kulturnih virov.
In respect of the exploitation of natural resources, there are often conflicts between the needs of economic competitiveness and environmental protection, which is the central challenge of sustainable development.
V zvezi z izkoriščanjem naravnih virov so pogosta navzkrižja med potrebo po gospodarski konkurenčnosti in potrebo po varstvu okolja, ki je osrednji izziv trajnostnega razvoja.
Experience has shown that there are substantial economic and social rewards to be had from respecting natural heritage, although dificult decisions need sometimes to be taken about the use of a region’s cultural resources.
Izkušnje so pokazale, da obstajajo znatne gospodarske in socialne koristi, ki izhajajo iz spoštovanja naravne dediščine, čeprav je treba včasih sprejeti težke odločitve glede uporabe kulturnih virov regije.
There is indeed a fine balance between preserving culture as part of a region’s heritage and exploiting it to meet economic and social needs.
Resnično obstaja občutljivo ravnotežje med ohranjanjem kulture kot delom regijske dediščine in njenim izkoriščanjem zaradi izpolnitve gospodarskih in socialnih potreb.
Agrotourism is one way of meeting these needs, and the case reported from the German region of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern is an interesting example of this.The case studies of LAGs that have selected this theme show how Leader+ projects are focusing awareness about the potential of Europe’s rural diversity.
En način izpolnjevanja teh potreb je kmečki turizem in zanimiv zgled tega je primer, o katerem poroča nemška regija Mecklenburg - Predpomorjansko.Študije primerov lokalnih akcijskih skupin, ki so izbrale to temo, kažejo, kako projekti Leader+ krepijo ozaveščenost o potencialu raznolikosti podeželske Evrope.
This potential is found in both the natural resources of the territory and in the people who live there.
Ta potencial je mogoče najti v naravnih virih ozemlja in ljudeh, ki tam živijo.
They will hopefully inspire other communities across Europe to look at what their region has to offer. er.
Upati je, da bodo spodbudili druge skupnosti po Evropi, da bodo poiskale, kaj lahko ponudi njihova regija.
By bringing out the diversity of the rural areas covered by LAGs, this theme emphasises the ‘territorial’ aspect of Leader+.
Ta tema v ospredje postavlja raznolikost podeželij, ki jih zajemajo lokalne akcijske skupine, in s tem poudarja „teritori-alni“ vidik Leader+.
Natural resources such as mountains and wildlife characterise an area’s physical landscape, and the cultural resources provide a sense of place that is unique to the territory.
Naravni viri, kot so gore in prosto živeče živali, so značilni za fizično krajino in kulturni viri ustvarjajo edinstveni vtis območja.
The guidelines produced by the European Commission at the beginning of Leader+ emphasise Natura 2000 sites as part of this theme.
Te smernice, ki jih je pripravila Evropska komisija na začetku Leader+ poudarjajo območja Natura 2000 kot del te teme.
There are 18 000 Natura sites in the old Member States (covering 17.5 % of their territory) which were designated as having European importance for nature protection and which have special management status in which local communities are encouraged to play an active part.
V starih državah članicah je 18 000 območij Natura (ki obsegajo 17,5 % njihovega ozemlja), ki so opredeljena kot območja evropskega pomena za varstvo narave in imajo status posebnega upravljanja, v katerih spodbujajo lokalne skupnosti, da prevzemajo dejavno vlogo.
The Natura sites are territorially based and o er specific local resources for the area’s LAG, such as beautiful scenery for tourism or job creation through sustainable exploitation.
Območja Natura so zasnovana na ozemeljskem načelu in ponujajo specične lokalne vire za območje LAS, na primer čudovito pokrajino za turizem ali ustvarjanje delovnih mest s trajnostno rabo virov.
There are also many other designated and non-designated areas with a valuable natural heritage.Culture and nature both have the means to facilitate rural development.
Obstaja pa tudi veliko drugih imenovanih in neimenovanih območij z dragoceno naravno dediščino. Kultura in narava lahko prispevata k lažjemu razvoju podeželja.
By emphasising the wealth and diversity of their cultural heritage, rural areas are able to develop those economic activities which can also generate added value and create employment.
S poudarjanjem bogastva in raznolikosti svoje kulturne dediščine lahko podeželja razvijajo tiste gospodarske dejavnosti, ki lahko ustvarijo tudi dodano vrednost in nova delovna mesta.
Equally, by strengthening the local cultural identity and the improvement in the quality of life brought about by these activities, the pride of rural populations and their sense of regional identity are also strengthened.
Prav tako se s poudarjanjem lokalne kulturne identitete in izboljšanjem kakovosti življenja, kar omogočijo te dejavnosti, okrepi tudi ponos podeželskega prebivalstva in njihov občutek za regionalno identiteto.