natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
12) European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters http://ec.europa.eu/civiljustice/index_en.htm (Taking of evidence and mode of proof) European Judicial Network in criminal matters http://www.ejn-crimjust.europa.eu/ (Mutual Legal Assistance)
12) Evropska pravosodna mreža v civilnih in gospodarskih zadevah http://ec.europa.eu/civiljustice/index_en.htm (Pridobivanje dokazov in način dokazovanja) Evropska pravosodna mreža v kazenskih zadevah:http://www.ejn-crimjust.europa.eu/ (rubrika o medsebojni pravni pomoči)
State, the requesting court notifies the witness of the date, time, place where the evidence is to be taken and conditions for participation.
dno pridobivanje dokazov iz člena 17 sprejme osrednje telo ali drug pristojni organ države članice, na katero je naslovljena zahteva, sodišče, ki je zahtevalo videokonferenco, pričo obvesti o datumu, uri in kraju pridobivanja dokazov ter pogojih sodelovanja.
In criminal matters, the judicial authority of the requested Member State serves a summons on the person to appear in accordance with its law.
V kazenskih zadevah pravosodni organ države članice, na katero je naslovljena zahteva, vroči sodni poziv osebi, ki mora pričati, v skladu z zakonodajo te države članice.
Hearing by videoconferencing
Zaslišanje v videokonferenci
To gain the maximum benefit, several differences have to be taken into account.
Vendar je treba upoštevati več razlik, da bi bile koristi kar največje.
Some matters, which are taken for granted when evidence is taken in the conventional way, take on a different dimension when it is taken by videoconferencing: for example, ensuring that the witness understands the practical arrangements for the videoconferencing session, and knows who the parties to the videoconferencing are, and their various roles.
Nekatere stvari, ki so med pridobivanjem dokazov na običajen način razumljive same po sebi, dobijo pri pridobivanju dokazov med videoekonferenco drugačno razsežnost: na primer zagotavljanje, da priča razume, kako videokonferenca poteka v praksi, ter ve, kdo so stranke v videokonferenci in kakšna je njihova vloga.
The convenience of the witness, the parties, their representatives and the court must all be taken into account.
Zagotoviti je treba tudi primerne razmere za pričo, stranke, njihove zastopnike in sodišče.
Those involved in a videoconferencing session need to be aware that, even with the most advanced systems currently available, there are slight delays between the receipt of the picture and that of the accompanying sound.
Osebe, ki sodelujejo v videokonferenci, se morajo zavedati, da je celo pri najnaprednejših sistemih, ki so trenutno na voljo, med sprejemom slike in spremljajočega zvoka manjši zamik.
If due allowance is not made for this, there will be a tendency to “speak over” the witness, whose voice may continue to be heard for a fraction of a second after he or she appears on the screen to have finished speaking.
Če to ne bo ustrezno upoštevano, se bo govorilo »čez« pričo, katere glas bo morda še vedno slišen za delček sekunde, potem ko bo na zaslonu videti, da je že prenehala govoriti.
The examination of the witness at the remote site should follow as closely as possible the practice adopted when a witness is in the courtroom.
Zaslišanje priče na oddaljeni lokaciji bi moralo biti čim bolj podobno praksi, ki se uporablja, kadar je priča v sodni dvorani.
During examination, the witness must be able to see the legal representative asking the question and also any other person (whether another legal representative or the judge) making any statements with regard to the witness’s evidence.
Med zaslišanjem mora biti priči omogočeno, da vidi pravnega zastopnika, ki postavlja vprašanja, in vse druge osebe (drugega pravnega zastopnika ali sodnika), ki se odzivajo na njeno pričanje.
For vulnerable and intimidated witnesses videoconferencing can be seen as a means of reducing the stress and discomfort which could be caused by the disruptive journey to a foreign court.
Pri ranljivih ali ustrahovanih pričah se lahko z uporabo videokonference zmanjša stres in nelagodje, ki bi ga lahko povzročila neprijetna pot na tuje sodišče.
The availability of expert witnesses has been identi- ed as one cause of delays both in civil cases (e.g. medical experts and psychologists in child custody or child care cases) and in criminal cases (e.g. forensic or computer experts).
Razpoložljivost sodnih izvedencev je eden od mogočih razlogov za zamude tako v civilnih (npr. izvedenci za medicino in psihologi v zadevah o skrbništvu nad otroci ali skrbi za otroke) kot tudi kazenskih zadevah (npr. forenzični ali računalniški izvedenci).
The use of videoconferencing equipment will provide the courts with greater flexibility as to when and how expert witnesses from other Member States are required to give evidence.
Videokonference bodo izboljšale prilagodljivost sodišč glede časa in načina pridobivanja dokazov od sodnih izvedencev iz drugih držav članic.
When expert witnesses are heard, it is advisable to contact the expert before the hearing, in order to check what kind of technical equipment might be needed during the hearing (e.g. document camera, audio or video equipment, etc.).
Pri zaslišanju sodnih izvedencev je priporočljivo navezati stik z izvedencem pred zaslišanjem in preveriti, kakšna oprema bo morda potrebna med zaslišanjem (npr. snemalnik dokumentov, avdio ali video oprema itd.).
As regards the use of interpreters, attention should also be paid to whether the interpreter should be at the local site of the requesting court or at the remote site (or in some third location).
Kadar so potrebni tolmači, je treba biti pozoren na to, ali bi moral biti tolmač na kraju sojenja na sodišču, ki je zahtevalo videokonferenco, ali na oddaljeni lokaciji (ali sploh na tretji lokaciji).
In crossborder videoconferencing consecutive interpretation is most commonly used.
slušalke za udeležence in natančna kontrola nad mikrofoni.
It needs to be stressed that the interpreter needs a proper visual contact with the person whose speech is being interpreted.
Poudariti je treba, da mora imeti tolmač ustrezen vizualni stik z osebo, katere govor tolmači.
Additional documents are sometimes quite appropriately introduced during the course of a witness’s evidence.
Med pričanjem so včasih povsem ustrezno predstavljeni dodatni dokumenti. Da bi bili pripravljeni na tak primer, je koristen snemalnik dokumentov.
However, a document camera is not useful for the client and the lawyer to discuss presented documents in private. Thus, a faxed copy of the document may be easier to use.
Vendar pa snemalnik dokumentov ni koristen, kadar stranka in pravnik zasebno govorita o predstavljenih dokumentih, ko je morda uporabnejša kopija dokumenta, poslana po telefaksu.
For the ex-ible use of fax equipment, the requesting authority and the requested authority are advised to exchange accurate and updated information on fax numbers before the start of the videoconference.
Organ, ki je zahteval videokonferenco, in organ, na katerega je zahteva naslovljena, naj bi pred začetkom videokonference izmenjala natančne in najnovejše podatke o številkah telefaksa, tako da ga bo mogoče nemoteno uporabljati.
In the long term, videoconferencing could be supplemented with shared document repositories or document servers. These capabilities are increasingly being used for the sharing of information, but within the justice context extra care needs to be taken to ensure that any such repository is secure and only accessible by the authorised parties connected to the case.
Dolgoročno bi videokonference lahko nadomestili s skupnimi zbirkami dokumentov ali dokumentnimi strežniki, ki se vedno bolj uporabljajo za izmenjavo informacij, čeprav je treba v pravosodju še posebej pozorno poskrbeti, da so te zbirke varne in dostopne samo pooblaščenim osebam, povezanim z zadevo.
Technical aspects of videoconferencing
Tehnični vidiki videokonferenc
Equipment for videoconferencing is nowadays very flexible and easy to operate.
Če je le mogoče, bi bilo treba zagotoviti, da je v vseh vrstah prostorov nameščena enaka oprema, kar bo poenostavilo njeno uporabo.
Nevertheless, all equipment components should as far as pos-
Ne glede na to, ali je videokonferenčna oprema izdelana po naročilu ali v kompletu, mora izpolnjevati vsaj najnižje indu-
To facilitate the use of the equipment, an attempt should be made to ensure that the equipment is positioned in the same way in all types of room.
strijske standarde, da bo povezljiva in bo mogoče vzpostaviti čezmejno povezavo.
Individual technical standards are discussed in detail in the Guide on Videoconferencing in crossborder proceedings.
Posamezni tehnični standardi so podrobneje obravnavani v Priročniku o uporabi videokonferenc v čezmejnih sodnih postopkih.
Positioning equipment:Equipment (especially cameras and microphones) needs to be positioned in such a way that only minimal adjustments need to be made to the existing mutual orientation of participants in the courts.
Namestitev opreme: Oprema (predvsem kamere in mikrofoni) mora biti nameščena tako, da je treba čim manj prilagajati običajno razporeditev udeležencev v razmerju do drugih udeležencev na sodišču.
Equipment should be positioned in such a way that cases can also be handled without videoconferencing in the relevant courtroom.
Oprema naj bi bila nameščena tako, da se lahko zadeve v zadevni sodni dvorani obravnavajo tudi, ko ni videokonference.
Intelligibility:speech must always be readily intelligible.
Razumljivost:govor mora biti vedno jasno razumljiv.
No words must be lost during videoconferencing.
Med videokonferenco ne sme biti izgubljena nobena beseda.
The quality of the sound must be continuous, and no extraneous interference or crackling may occur.
Zagotovljena mora biti stalna kakovost zvoka in pojaviti se ne smejo nobene zunanje motnje ali prasketanje.
Certain requirements as regards to lip synchronicity must be met (a delay of less than 0.15 seconds).
Treba je izpolniti nekatere zahteve, da se zagotovi sinhronizacija ustnic (zamik, krajši od 0,15 sekunde).
In addition, echo cancellation and background noise and reverberation must be reduced as much as possible.
Poleg tega je treba čim bolj zadušiti odmev ter zmanjšati ostale šume v prostoru in povratni zvok.
Microphonesshould be positioned in such a way that the sound in the other courtroom has no distortions caused by background noise.
Mikrofoni morajo biti nameščeni tako, da ostali šumi v prostoru ne motijo zvoka v drugi sodni dvorani.
If interpretation is used, only one microphone should be on at one time. Simultaneous use of
Če je potrebno tolmačenje, bi moral biti vključen samo en mikrofon naenkrat, kajti hkratna uporaba mikrofonov povzroča motnje pri tolmačenju (zlasti pri simultanem tolmačenju).
Mobile equipment – increased flexibility
Mobilna oprema – večja prilagodljivost
Additional sets of mobile equipment (screen + camera + speaker + microphone + accessories) could facilitate the use of videoconferencing in the hearing of witnesses. Mobile equipment is easy to move between different locations and flexible in terms of its use.
Dodatna mobilna oprema (zaslon + kamera + zvočnik + mikrofon + dodatna oprema) bi lahko olajšala uporabo videokonference pri zaslišanju prič, saj jo je mogoče enostavno prenašati med različnimi lokacijami in jo uporabljati na različne načine.
More limitations are expected to apply to mobile equipment than to fixed equipment (e.g. as regards the number of participants who can be filmed clearly at the same time).
Vendar lahko pričakujemo, da bo več omejitev veljalo za mobilno kot za nameščeno opremo (npr. število udeležencev, ki jih je mogoče istočasno jasno posneti).
Mobile equipment may be used where required for hearing witnesses at special locations such as prisons or hospitals, and also in the event of equipment breakdown as a temporary supplement to fixed equipment.
Mobilno opremo lahko uporabljamo, če je potrebna za zaslišanje prič na posebnih krajih, na primer v bolnišnici ali zaporu, ali če je treba začasno nadomestiti nameščeno opremo, ki se je pokvarila.
Getting connected – operation of the videoconferencing system
Vzpostavitev povezave – upravljanje videokonferenčnega sistema
The operation of the videoconferencing system should be as user-friendly (i.e. as simple) as possible, and should therefore consist of only a limited number of manoeuvres, e.g.: switching on and ocameras and microphones, establishing the connection via a selection menu, establishing the set-up via an applications menu, terminating the connection and logging on/out.
Upravljanje videokonferenčnega sistema mora biti čim bolj prijazno uporabniku (tj. čim preprostejše) in bi moralo zato zajemati le omejeno število dejavnosti, npr.: vklapljanje in izklapljanje kamer in mikrofonov, vzpostavljanje povezave v izbirnem meniju, določanje namestitve prek aplikacijskega menija, prekinjanje povezave ter prijavljanje in odjavljanje.
Usually the connection is established between two locations (point-to-point).
Ponavadi je povezava vzpostavljena med dvema lokacijama (točka–točka).
For some cases it may be necessary to establish a connection between more than two locations simultaneously (multipoint).
V nekaterih primerih pa je treba hkrati vzpostaviti povezavo med več kot dvema lokacijama (večtočkovno).
The links may be established through a third-party bridge.
Povezave je mogoče vzpostaviti prek vmesniškega mostu.
SOME GOOD PRACTICES a ol it o
NEKAJ PRIMEROV DOBRE PRAKSE ol ia to
Austria has created a centralised booking system for the national courts for videoconferencing.
Avstrija je vzpostavila osrednji sistem za rezervacijo videokonferenc, ki ga lahko uporabljajo vsa nacionalna sodišča.
The system is available for all national courts and it is possible to make direct bookings for the courtrooms with videoconferencing equipment.
Na voljo je vsem nacionalnim sodiščem, ki lahko neposredno rezervirajo sodne dvorane z videokonferenčno opremo.
Finland has started installing different kinds of videoconferencing equipment for different purposes.
Finska je začela nameščati različne vrste videokonferenčne opreme za različne namene.
For the court sessions, there is a complete set, with high-definition HD quality of picture in cameras and screens.
Za sodne obravnave je na voljo popoln sistem z visoko ločljivimi kamerami in zasloni, za predhodna zaslišanja pa poseben sistem za sejne sobe.
For the preliminary hearings, there is a separate set for meeting rooms.
Za zaslišanje prič je na voljo osnovni sistem s terminalom, kamero in mikrofonom.
For hearing witnesses there is a basic set with a terminal, camera and microphone.
Za zaslišanje prič je na voljo osnovni sistem s terminalom, kamero in mikrofonom.
For mobile use, e.g. in social centres, hospitals, asylum centres etc. the portable solution is available, including a laptop with software and a camera.
Na voljo je tudi prenosna oprema z notesnikom s programsko opremo in kamero, ki se lahko uporablja, kadar je potrebna mobilna oprema, na primer v centrih za socialno delo, bolnišnicah ali azilnih domovih.
In the United Kingdom, remote witness room videoconferencing links have been installed in a handful of Victim Support Offices and police premises as part of centrally funded national rollouts.
V Združenem kraljestvu so v nekaj uradov za podporo žrtvam in v prostore nekaterih policijskih postaj kot del centralno financiranih nacionalnih ukrepov namestili videokonferenčne povezave za oddaljene sobe za zaslišanje.
A simultaneous interpreting facility has occasionally been inserted into the videoconferencing equipment, so that an interpreter can be used in proceedings in which a number of defendants speak a foreign language.
Med videokonferenčno opremo je včasih vključena tudi kabina za simultano tolmačenje, tako da je lahko v postopke, v katerih več obtožencev govori tuj jezik, vključen tudi tolmač.
In administrative court proceedings, interpreters have also been involved via a videoconference link in order to reduce costs.
Tolmači so tudi v upravne sodne postopke vključeni prek videokonference, s čimer se znižajo stroški.
Speeding up the process – United Kingdom
Pospešitev procesa – Združeno kraljestvo
Virtual Court, as a video link between a court and a police station, has made it possible to deal with first hearings within 23 hours of charge in simple cases and has the potential to hear a significant number of first hearings on the same day.
Po zaslugi virtualnega sodišča, video povezave med sodiščem in policijsko postajo, je mogoče v enostavnih zadevah prvo zaslišanje opraviti že 2 do 3 ure po obtožbi, prav tako pa je mogoče v enem dnevu opraviti precejšnje število prvih zaslišanj.
Speed of process has proved an asset in cases involving domestic violence and many victims and witnesses are expected to receive a more responsive service.
Hitrost postopka je zelo pomembna v zadevah, v katerih je obravnavano nasilje v družini, ko naj bi številnim žrtvam in pričam čim hitreje nudili pomoč.
More good practices
Več primerov dobre prakse
Good practices and success stories on the implementation and the use of videoconferencing systems in legal proceedings will be collected constantly and presented in the future revisions of the booklet and in the Guide on Videoconferencing in crossborder proceedings for use by courts and practitioners.
Nenehno bomo zbirali primere dobre prakse in zgodbe o uspešnem izvajanju in uporabi videokonferenčnih sistemov v pravnih postopkih ter jih predstavili v prihodnjih revidiranih brošurah ter v Priročniku o uporabi videokonferenc v čezmejnih sodnih postopkih, namenjenemu sodiščem in pravosodnim delavcem.
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TIPIČNI SCENARIJI ZA VIDEOKONFERENCO o ps ke unije r v o ps ke unije r v e tEv e tEv
Anne witnessed a criminal act and has been summoned by a court to appear as a witness in a case against the suspect.
Anne je bila priča kaznivega dejanja in jo je sodišče pozvalo, da nastopi kot priča v zadevi proti osumljencu.
Even though Anne has not been directly affected by the incident, she has been severely traumatised by the event and is currently being treated in a psychiatric hospital.
Čeprav dejanje Anne ni neposredno prizadelo, jo je močno travmatiziralo, tako da se trenutno zdravi v psihiatrični bolnišnici.
Her doctor has advised against subjecting Anne to the rigours of travel, and has strongly opposed the suggestion of having Anne appear before the court, especially in the presence of the defendant.
Njen zdravnik je odsvetoval, da bi Anne potovala, in ostro nasprotoval predlogu, da bi Anne pričala na sodišču, zlasti če bi bil prisoten tudi obdolženec.
Because the psychiatric hospital already has appropriate videoconferencing facilities in place, the court has agreed to establish a videoconference session and has appointed a magistrate to be present on site.
Ker je v psihiatrični bolnišnici že na voljo ustrezna videokonferenčna oprema, se je sodišče strinjalo z videokonferenco in imenovalo sodnika, ki bo prisoten na kraju samem.
In this way Anne’s hearing can be conducted in a friendly environment and she does not have to travel.
Tako je lahko Anne zaslišana v prijaznem okolju in ji ni treba potovati.
A direct audiovisual connection from the court where the proceedings are being held to the remote facility where the witness is located is only made for the duration of Anne’s testimony, and since the facilities are already in place at both locations the overall cost is kept to a minimum.
Neposredna avdiovizualna povezava med sodiščem, na katerem poteka postopek, in oddaljenim objektom, v katerem se nahaja priča, je vzpostavljena samo za pričanje Anne in ker je videokonferenčna oprema v obeh objektih že na voljo, so skupni stroški nizki.
Expert hearing
Zaslišanje izvedenca
The trouble is, though, that Dr Knowall lives in Dublin, Ireland, and is expected to appear at a court in Berlin, Germany, and at a court in Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Vendar dr. Knowall živi v Dublinu na Irskem, prišel pa naj bi na sodišče v Berlinu v Nemčiji in v Ljubljani v Sloveniji.
The matter is complicated further as the most appropriate time for both cases would be on the same day – the Berlin testimony is planned for early morning, and the Ljubljana testimony is planned for noon on the same day.
Nadaljnja težava je, da bi bil najustreznejši čas za pričanje v obeh zadevah na isti dan – v Berlinu je pričanje predvideno zgodaj zjutraj, v Ljubljani pa opoldne istega dne.
Thanks to videoconferencing Dr Knowall can be at three different places at the same time, but only needs to travel to downtown Dublin as the court is only a few kilometres away from his home.
S pomočjo videokonference bo dr. Knowall lahko istočasno na treh krajih in mora iti samo v center Dublina, saj je sodišče le nekaj kilometrov od njegovega doma.
At 9:00 a videoconferencing connection is established with the court in Berlin and after a brief introduction by the German judge
navzkrižno zaslišanje obeh odvetnikov, je končano ob 10.00 in konča se lahko tudi videokonferenca.
At about 10:00 the hearing, which was followed by a cross-examination by both counsels, is concluded, and the videoconferencing session can be closed.
Na sodišče v Dublinu se vrneta okrog 11.45 in lahko se vzpostavi videokonferenca s sodiščem v Ljubljani, kjer naj bi dr.
Dr Knowall and the Irish magistrate can now have an early lunch.
Knowall spet dal izvedensko mnenje o kazenski zadevi.
During the cross-examination at the Ljubljana court the counsel for the defendant presents a document as evidence that has not previously been presented to Dr Knowall, and is not available in Dublin.
Med navzkrižnim zaslišanjem na sodišču v Ljubljani obtoženčev odvetnik predloži dokazni dokument, ki ga dr. Knowall še ni videl in ga v Dublinu ni na voljo.
CROSSBORDER VIDEOCONFERENCING QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ol ia to
ČEZMEJNE VIDEOKONFERENCE VPRAŠANJA IN ODGOVORI ol ia to
Can videoconferencing be used between all EU Member States?
Ali so videokonference mogoče med vsemi državami članicami?
Yes, in practice most EU Member States have implemented the legal instruments in civil and criminal proceedings.
Da, v praksi večina držav članic EU izvaja pravne akte o civilnih in kazenskih postopkih.
Can videoconferencing be used with courts outside the European Union?
Ali so mogoče videokonference s sodišči izven Evropske unije?
Yes, if this is legally possible, if the courts agree and have the necessary equipment.
Da, če je to pravno dopustno ter če se sodišče strinja in ima potrebno opremo.
Is videoconferencing an offer which your court cannot refuse?
Ali so videokonference ponudba, ki je sodišče ne more zavrniti?
Who covers the costs of videoconferencing?
Kdo krije stroške videokonference?
Usually the costs of experts, interpreters and the expenses of communication lines may be refunded by the requesting Member State to the requested Member State.
Običajno lahko stroške za izvedence in tolmače ter stroške komunikacijskih povezav državi, na katero je naslovljena zahteva, povrne država članica, ki je zahtevala videokonferenco.
Are there rules on where the interpreter should be located (local or remote)?
Ali obstajajo pravila o tem, kje bi se moral nahajati tolmač (v kraju obravnave ali v oddaljenem kraju)?
No, but in criminal cases it is advisable to have the interpreter in the same courtroom as the witness.
Ne, vendar je v kazenskih zadevah priporočljivo, da je tolmač v isti sodni dvorani kot priča.
In particular, when accused persons are heard by videoconferencing, it is recommended to have the interpreter in the same courtroom as the accused person.
Zlasti kadar je v videokonferenci zaslišana obtožena oseba, je priporočljivo, da je tolmač v isti sodni dvorani kot obtožena oseba.
Can the request for videoconferencing be made by telephone?
Ali je mogoče videokonferenco zahtevati po telefonu?
No, the request concerning the taking of evidence is made using standard forms.
Ne, za zahtevo za pridobivanje dokazov obstajajo standardni obrazci.
The request may be sent by post, fax (all Member States) or e-mail (not to all Member States).
Zahteva je lahko poslana po pošti, telefaksu (vsem državam članicam) ali po elektronski pošti (nekaterim državam članicam).
Can the witness speak in his/her native language?
Ali lahko priča govori v svojem maternem jeziku?