natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The defendants also make a more serious complaint that the Court of First Instance misconstrued the requirement that the damage be a sufficiently direct consequence of the misconduct of the institution concerned.
Pritožnici tudi resneje očitata Sodi�ču prve stopnje, da je spregledalo zahtevo, da mora �koda dovolj neposredno izhajati iz ravnanja zadevne institucije.
69They assert that there is no automatic link between the failure of the Community to implement the DSB decision finding against it and the imposition of the increased customs duty, as the conduct of the United States authorities in the exercise of their discretion broke the causal link between the conduct of the Community institutions and the damage claimed.
69 Noben avtomatizem naj namreč ne bi izhajal med tem, da Skupnost ni izvr�ila odločbe o obsodbi ORS, in uvedbo dodatne carinske dajatve, ker je diskrecijsko ravnanje ameri�kih organov prekinilo povezavo vzrokov in učinkov med ravnanjem institucij Skupnosti in navajano �kodo.
First, the United States authorities refused the compensation offered to them by the Community under Article 22(1) and (2) of the DSU.
Po eni strani so slednji odklonili nadomestila, ki jim jih je ponudila Skupnosti na podlagi člena 22(1) in (2) MRS.
Secondly, they freely chose to ask the DSB for authorisation to adopt retaliatory measures and to use the authorisation obtained and, for that purpose, they established in their discretion
Po drugi strani so se svobodno odločili, da pri ORS zaprosijo za dovoljenje za sprejetje povračilnih ukrepov, da dobljeno dovoljenje uporabijo in v tem pogledu so diskrecijsko sestavili seznam proizvodov, na katere se naloži dajatev, in vi�ino teh dajatev.
68 — See the FIAMM judgment, paragraphs 166 to 170, and the Fedon judgment, paragraphs 159 to 162.
68 – Glej sodbo Fiamm (točke od 166 do 170) in sodbo Fedon (točke od 159 do 162).
69 — See Joined Cases 64/76, 113/76, 167/78, 239/78, 27/79, 28/79 and 45/79 Dumortier frères and Others v Council [1979] ECR 3091, paragraph 21.
69 – Glej sodbo Sodi�ča z dne 4. oktobra 1979 v zadevi Dumortier in drugi proti Svetu (64/76, 113/76, 167/78, 239/78, 27/79, 28/79 in 45/79, Recueil, str. 3091, točka 21).
See also Case T-178/98 Fresh Marine v Commission [2000] ECR II-3331, paragraph 118.
Prav tako glej sodbo Sodi�ča prve stopnje z dne 24. oktobra 2000 v zadevi Fresh Marine proti Komisiji (T-178/98, Recueil, str. II-3331, točka 118).
The Council and the Commission dispute first the validity of the findings of the Court of First Instance regarding the satisfaction of the conditions inherent in any liability mechanism, which are therefore not unique to the regime for no-fault liability.
Svet in Komisija najprej izpodbijata utemeljenost presoje Sodi�ča prve stopnje v zvezi z izpolnitvijo pogojev za vsak mehanizem odgovornosti, ki torej ne veljajo za sistem objektivne odgovornosti.
They allege that the Court of First Instance misconstrued the concept of actual and certain damage and
Zatrjujeta nespo�tovanje pojma resničnosti in gotovosti �kode ter pravil o dokaznem bremenu.
In order to assess the merit of these different assertions it is necessary to state the conditions to which no-fault liability of the Community must be subject.
Zaradi presoje vrednosti teh različnih trditev je treba pojasniti, kateri pogoji morajo biti izpolnjeni za obstoj objektivne odgovornosti Skupnosti.
In my view, they must be dictated by the very foundations on which this system of liability rests.
Zdi se mi, da jih narekujejo sami temelji, na katerih sloni ta sistem odgovornosti.
As I have been at pains to show, the principle of no-fault liability may be based both on the idea of a ‘rupture’ in the equality of citizens in shouldering public burdens and on the protection that must be given to the fundamental right to property.
Kot sem sku�al dokazati, lahko načelo objektivne odgovornosti temelji hkrati na ideji kr�itve enakosti državljanov pred javnimi organi in varstvu temeljne lastninske pravice.
the list of products affected and the amount of the duties. It is true that the United States was under no obligation whatsoever to react as it did to the Community’s failure to implement the DSB decision within the reasonable period allowed.
Zato je edina �koda, za katero je upravičeno, da se jo nadomesti na podlagi objektivne odgovornosti, tista, ki je hkrati neobičajna in posebna.
Let us now turn to the conditions specific to the regime of no-fault liability.
Naj sedaj obravnavam posebne pogoje sistema objektivne odgovornosti.
According to the appellants, the Court of First Instance adopted and applied an erroneous concept of unusual damage.
Po mnenju pritožnic je Sodi�če prve stopnje izbralo in uporabilo napačen pojem neobičajne �kode.
In contrast, the defendants, while accepting the concept of unusual damage developed by the Court of First Instance, consider the conditions it laid down for the incurring of no-fault liability to be inadequate and thus ask the Court of Justice to supplement the grounds of the
Nasprotno se tožene stranke na prvi stopnji strinjajo s pojmovanjem neobičajne �kode, ki ga je razvilo Sodi�če prve stopnje, in menijo, da pogoji za nastanek objektivne odgovornosti, ki jih je navedlo Sodi�če prve stopnje, niso izpolnjeni, zato predlagajo Sodi�ču, naj
70 — The FIAMM judgment, paragraph 183, and the Fedon judgment, paragraph 177.
70 – Sodbi Fiamm (točka 183) in Fedon (točka 177).71 – Sodbi Fiamm (točka 185) in Fedon (točka 179).
Just as they enjoy the resulting benefits, all individuals must bear, without compensation, the ordinary disadvantages stemming from the organisation of life in society and the actions of the public authorities for that purpose.
Enako kot koristijo ugodnosti, ki iz tega izhajajo, morajo namreč vsi posamezniki brez nadomestila trpeti običajne nev�ečnosti, ki izvirajo iz organizacije življenja v družbi in posredovanja javnih organov v ta namen.
In some ways, it is a question of public burdens that must be regarded as falling normally on the persons concerned.
Na neki način gre za javna bremena, na katera je treba gledati, kot da so običajno naložena zainteresiranim osebam.
Even though these burdens do not weigh uniformly on all citizens, the courts are not able to re-establish perfect equality.
Čeprav ta bremena niso enakomerno porazdeljena med vse državljane, pa ni naloga sodi�ča, da ponovno vzpostavi popolno enakost.
That would be to impose a disproportionate and inappropriate duty on them.
S tem bi mu bila naložena čezmerna in neustrezna naloga.
Despite being asymmetrical, public burdens must therefore, as a matter of principle, be regarded as falling normally on individuals and consequently as bestowing no right to compensation.
Čeprav so asimetrična, je treba torej javna bremena načeloma �teti, kot da so normalno naložena posameznikom in kot da zato ne dajejo pravice do povračila.
FIAMM AND OTHERS v COUNCIL AND COMMISSION situation is different, however, when public actions cause unusual and special damage.
FIAMM IN DRUGI PROTI SVETU IN KOMISIJI drugače, kadar javno posredovanje povzroči neobičajno in posebno �kodo.
comparison with other operators. It is only in that situation that equality in bearing public burdens would be ruptured.
Le v tem primeru bi bila namreč enakost pred javnimi organi kr�ena.
Set out and defined in this way, the conditions for damage to be classified as unusual and special are sufficiently restrictive so that, contrary to the assertions of the Commission, the applicability of this system of no-fault liability in the cases in point does not affect the political freedom of the institutions in the WTO sphere, which has led the Court of Justice to conclude that the WTO rules cannot in principle be relied on.
Tako izjavljeni in definirani pogoji so za neobičajnost in posebnost �kode dovolj strogi, da – nasprotno s tem, kar zatrjuje Komisija – uporaba tega sistema objektivne odgovornosti v obravnavanih zadevah ne vpliva na politično svobodo institucij Skupnosti v okviru STO, kar je privedlo Sodi�če do tega, da je sklepalo na načelo nemožnosti sklicevanja na pravila STO.
The number of victims able to claim damage who meet these requirements will, in any event, always be very small, so that the burden of any compensation on the Union’s budget will never be sufficiently large to constrain the conduct of the Community’s political organs within the context of the WTO.
Število žrtev, ki bi lahko tožile zaradi �kode, ki ustreza tem zahtevam, bo vsekakor vedno zelo majhno, čeprav breme za proračun Unije zaradi morebitnega nadomestila nikoli ne bo tako, da bi zavezovalo politične organe Skupnosti, kako naj ravnajo v okviru STO.
Damage must be classified as unusual when it appears to be such by reason both of the conditions in which it occurs and its intrinsic characteristics.
Škodo je treba kvalificirati za neobičajno, kadar je taka hkrati zaradi okoli�čin njenega nastanka in njenih bistvenih značilnosti.
Unusual damage is, first of all, damage that exceeds the limits of the economic risks inherent in operating in the sector concerned, in other words damage stemming from the materialisation of a risk that the victim could not reasonably have foreseen, against which he could not protect himself.
Neobičajna �koda je najprej tista, ki presega meje gospodarskega tveganja, ki je značilno za dejavnosti v zadevnem sektorju, to pomeni, da izhaja iz nastanka tveganja, ki ga žrtev ne bi bila mogla razumno predvideti in proti kateremu se ne bi mogla zavarovati.
But that is not sufficient.
Vendar to ne zadostuje. Treba je tudi, da je resna.
Otherwise the burden cannot be regarded as unusual, and the damage would not verge on expropriation that cannot be left uncompensated in view of the protection that must be given to the right to property.
Drugače breme ne more �teti za neobičajno in �koda ne more mejiti na razlastitev, ki je varstvo lastninske pravice ne more pustiti brez od�kodnine.
That does not mean that the damage must be equivalent to total and definitive loss of ownership, but it must nevertheless entail sufficiently serious harm to the attributes of the right to property (usus, fructus and abusus).
To pa ne pomeni, da mora biti �koda enaka popolnemu in dokončnemu odvzemu lastnine. Vendar pa mora povzročiti dovolj resno �kodo na elementih lastninske pravice (usus, fructus in abusus).
It must again be stressed that it is immaterial whether that harm to the right to property is lawful or unlawful if it occurs within the framework of liability not based on fault.
Vztrajati je treba na tem, da ni pomembno, ali je ta kr�itev lastninske pravice zakonita ali nezakonita, saj se nahaja v okviru odgovornosti, ki ni utemeljena na krivdi.
Should no-fault liability on the part of the Community be made subject to an additional condition that there be no general economic interest pursued by the act or conduct that causes the damage?
Ali bi bilo za nastanek objektivne odgovornosti Skupnosti treba postaviti dodaten pogoj, povezan z neobstojem splo�nega gospodarskega interesa, ki bi mu sledil akt ali ravnanje, zaradi katerega je nastala �koda?
This is what both the Council and the Commission demand and complain that the Court of First Instance failed to impose in the contested judgments.
To zahtevata Svet in Komisija in očitata Sodi�ču prve stopnje, da tega ni storilo v izpodbijanih sodbah.
They can rely to that effect on certain decisions of the Community courts which, departing from the general line of caselaw, have added that requirement. 72In
V ta namen se lahko opreta na nekatere odločbe sodi�ča Skupnosti, ki so – s tem da so se ločile od splo�ne smeri sodne prakse – dodale to zahtevo.
72 — See Compagnie d’approvisionnement, de transport et de crédit and Grands Moulins de Paris v Commission, paragraphs 45 and 46; Förde­Reederei v Council and Commis­sion, paragraph 56; and Afrikanische Frucht­Compagnie and Internationale Fruchtimport Gesellschaft Weichert v Council and Commission, paragraph 151.
72 – Glej zgoraj navedeno sodbo Compagnie d’approvisionnement, de transport et de crédit in Grands Moulins de Paris proti Komisiji (točki 45 in 46); zgoraj navedeni sodbi Sodi�ča prve stopnje Förde-Reederei proti Svetu in Komisiji (točka 56), in Afrikanische Frucht-Compagnie proti Svetu in Komisiji (točka 151).
On the other hand, in a system of liability based on equality in bearing public burdens, even if the damage can be classified as unusual in the sense I have just defined, it cannot give the right to compensation unless it is also special in nature.
V nasprotju s tem, v sistemu, ki temelji na enakosti pred javnimi organi, čeprav je lahko �koda kvalificirana za neobičajno v smislu, ki sem ga obrazložil, pa ne more dati pravice do povračila, če ni tudi posebna.
That is the case only if it affects no more than a small number of individuals or, more precisely, if it affects a particular category of economic operators with disproportionate severity by
Tako je v primeru, kadar se nana�a le na majhno �tevilo posameznikov, ali, natančneje, kadar določen krog gospodarskih subjektov glede na druge subjekte prizadene nesorazmerno.
75 Similarly, in the contested judgments the Court of First Instance made the Community’s no-fault liability subject to there being unusual and special damage, which it defined as follows: ‘damage is, first, unusual when it exceeds the limits of the economic risks inherent in operating in the sector concerned and, second, special when it affects a particular circle of economic operators in a disproportionate manner by comparison with other operators’.
75Enako je Sodi�če prve stopnje v izpodbijanih sodbah objektivno odgovornost Skupnosti pogojevalo z zahtevo po neobičajni in posebni �kodi, ki jo je določilo na naslednji način: „�koda je, prvič, neobičajna, kadar presega meje gospodarskih tveganj, povezanih z dejavnostmi v zadevnem sektorju, in, drugič, posebna, kadar določen krog gospodarskih subjektov glede na druge nesorazmerno prizadene“.
76 By ruling in this way, it positioned itself in the mainstream of the settled caselaw that it has developed.
76 S tem da je tako odločilo, se je postavilo na področje stalne sodne prakse, ki jo je razvilo.
77 other words, if the act or conduct that caused the damage was adopted in the interest of society as a whole and not in order to favour particular interests, any compensation would be precluded.
77 dajanja prednosti določenim interesom, bi bilo vsako povračilo izključeno.
In my view, there is no reason to adopt this additional condition demanded by a minority strand of case-law.
Po mojem mnenju se ne sme sprejeti tega dodatnega pogoja, ki ga zahteva manj�inska smer sodne prakse.
I do not consider it appropriate, because equality in bearing public burdens and the protection to be accorded to the right to property demand that economic operators who have suffered unusual and special damage be compensated, even if the measure that caused the damage was justified by a general economic interest.
Ne zdi se mi primeren, saj enakost pred javnimi organi in varstvo lastninske pravice nalagajo, da subjekti, ki so utrpeli neobičajno in posebno �kodo, dobijo nadomestilo, čeprav bi ukrep, zaradi katerega je ta �koda nastala, upravičeval splo�ni gospodarski interes.
Nor do I consider it necessary, as the conditions that the damage be unusual and special are sufficiently restrictive for the political authorities’ freedom of action in the pursuit of a general economic interest not to be affected by fear of possible liability.
Ne zdi se mi niti potreben, saj so pogoji za neobičajnost in posebnost �kode dovolj strogi, da bojazen glede morebitne odgovornosti ne vpliva na svobodo političnega ravnanja v zasledovanju splo�nega gospodarskega interesa.
However, FIAMM and Fedon dispute neither the need for damage to be unusual and special nor the definition of those characteristics set out in the contested judgments.
Vendar družbi FIAMM in FEDON ne izpodbijata niti zahteve po neobičajnosti in posebnosti �kode niti definicije, ki jima je bila dana v izpodbijanih sodbah.
They rely on an error of law in the meaning of the definition of unusual damage that the Court of First Instance adopted and applied.
Sklicujeta se na napačni pravni pomen definicije neobičajne �kode, ki ga je Sodi�če prve stopnje izbralo in uporabilo.
The Court of First Instance ruled that the damage suffered by the applicants had not exceeded the limits of the economic risks inherent in their exporting activities, since the possibility of retaliatory measures is provided for in the DSU and can therefore not be regarded as beyond the normal hazards of international trade as currently organised, so that the harmful consequences that might ensue have to be borne by any operator who decides to sell his products on the market of one of the WTO members.
Sodi�če prve stopnje je namreč presodilo, da �koda, ki sta jo utrpeli tožeči stranki, ni presegla meja gospodarskega tveganja, ki je značilno za njihovo izvozno dejavnost, ker morebitnost povračilnih ukrepov, ki jih določa MRS, ne more �teti, kot da presega običajno tveganje v mednarodni trgovini, ob sedanjem stanju njene ureditve, čeprav morajo �kodljive posledice, ki bi lahko iz tega nastale, nujno nositi vsi subjekti, ki se odločijo tržiti svoje proizvode na trgu ene izmed članic STO.
In other words, because the instrument governing inter-
Z drugimi besedami, povračilni ukrepi so nujno predvidljivi za katero koli izvozno podjetje, ker so pravno določeni z instrumenti urejanja
The conditions that I have just stated are those that the majority of the caselaw has laid down as having to be met at all events, while refraining from enshrining no-fault Community liability in Community law.
Pogoji, ki so bili tu pojasnjeni, so tisti, ki jih je večinska sodna praksa – s pridržkom določitve objektivne odgovornosti Skupno - sti – izjavila in določila, da morajo biti podani v vsakem primeru.
The Court has thus expressly made no-fault liability of the Community subject to the existence of unusual and special damage.
Sodi�če je tako objektivno odgovornost Skupnosti izrecno pogojevalo z nastankom neobičajne in posebne �kode.
73It has also rejected the existence of no-fault liability because the alleged damage was merely the result of the ordinary commercial risk taken by an economic operator in the sector concerned 74 or because it did not exceed ‘the limits of the economic risks inherent in oper-
73Prav tako je zavrnilo obstoj objektivne odgovornosti, ker je bila zadevna �koda le rezultat običajnega trgovskega tveganja gospodarskega subjekta v zadevnem sektorju 74 ali ker zatrjevana �koda ni presegla „meja gospodarskega tveganja, ki je značilno za dejavnosti
76 — The FIAMM judgment, paragraph 202, and the Fedon judgment. paragraph 191.
75 – Zgoraj navedena sodba Biovilac proti EGS (točki 28 in 29).76 – Sodbi Fiamm (točka 202) in Fedon (točka 191).
73 — See Dorsch Consult v Council and Commission, paragraphs 18 and 53.
73 – Glej zgoraj navedeno sodbo Dorsch Consult proti Svetu in Komisiji (točki 18 in 53).
77 — Among earlier judgments, see in particular Afrikanische Frucht­Compagnie and Internationale Fruchtimport Gesellschaft Weichert v Council and Commission, paragraphs 150 and 151; see subsequently Galileo Internation­al Technology and Others v Commission, paragraphs 147 and 148.
77 – Glej najprej med drugim zgoraj navedene sodbe Sodi�ča prve stopnje Afrikanische Frucht-Compagnie proti Svetu in Komisiji (točki 150 in 151); glej nadalje sodbo Galileo International Technology in drugi proti Komisiji (točki 147 in 148).
FIAMM AND OTHERS v COUNCIL AND COMMISSION national trade legally provides for retaliatory measures, such measures are necessarily foreseeable by any exporting undertaking.
FIAMM IN DRUGI PROTI SVETU IN KOMISIJI mednarodne trgovine.
It is a risk inherent in exporting activities.
To je tveganje, ki je značilno za izvozno dejavnost.
In the present cases, there is no link between the adoption and retention of the legislation on the Community scheme for banana imports and the damage suffered as a result of the retaliatory measures by Community exporters of spectacle cases and industrial batteries.
V obravnavanem primeru pa ne obstaja nobena povezava med sprejetjem in ohranitvijo zakonodaje v zvezi s skupnostno ureditvijo uvoza banan in �kodo, ki je zaradi povračilnih ukrepov nastala za skupnostne izvoznike etuijev za očala in industrijskih akumulatorjev.
That damage could not therefore be regarded as usual for these operators, particularly as under Article 22(3) of the DSU retaliatory measures must first be applied to the same sector as that in which a violation of WTO law has been ascertained.
Ta �koda torej ne more �teti za običajno za te subjekte, saj se morajo na podlagi člena 22(3) MRS povračilni ukrepi nana�ati prednostno na isti sektor, v katerem je bila ugotovljena kr�itev prava STO.
For that reason, the contested judgments must be set aside as being vitiated by an error of law.
Zato je treba izpodbijane sodbe razveljaviti zaradi napačne uporabe prava.
It will be for the Court of First Instance, after having asked the appellants for the necessary information, to assess whether the damage on which they rely is also unusual in that it constitutes sufficiently serious harm to the attributes of the right to property, and to rule on whether that damage is special.
Sodi�če prve stopnje bo, potem ko bo od pritožnic zahtevalo potrebne podatke, pristojno, da presodi, ali je zatrjevana �koda tudi neobičajna, ker bi pomenila dovolj resno �kodo na elementih lastninske pravice, in da odloči o tem, ali je ta �koda posebna.
unreasonable length of the
C – Nerazumno trajanje postopka
As the appellants rightly maintain, by ruling in this manner the Court of First Instance failed to have regard to the fact that the unusual nature of damage is assessed in relation to the economic risks inherent in operating in the sector concerned, in other words that damage is unusual 78 where it is not the manifestation of a risk inherent in operating in the sector concerned.
S tem ko je tako odločilo, Sodi�če prve stopnje, kakor pravilno zatrjujeta pritožnici, ni upo�tevalo, da se neobičajnost �kode meri glede na gospodarska tveganja, ki so značilna za dejavnosti v zadevnem sektorju, to pomeni, da je �koda neobičajna 78, takoj ko ne nastane kot uresničitev tveganja, ki je značilno za dejavnosti v zadevnem sektorju.
That is the case where there is no link between the act or conduct causing the damage and the economic sector in which the undertakings suffering the damage operate.
Tako je v primeru neobstoja vsake zveze med aktom ali ravnanjem, zaradi katerega je nastala �koda, in gospodarskim sektorjem, kamor spada dejavnost podjetij – žrtev te �kode.
In the absence of such a link, the damage cannot be regarded as the manifestation of a normal commercial risk against which a prudent operator could and should have protected himself.
Če take zveze ni, te �kode namreč ni mogoče �teti kot uresničitev običajnega trgovskega tveganja, proti kateremu bi se preudaren subjekt lahko zavaroval in bi se moral zavarovati.
This is the thrust of the case-law.
V tem smislu se je usmerila sodna praksa.
The following have been considered usual: damage suffered by a maritime transport company as a result of amendment of the transitional tax exemption arrangements for products subject to excise duty and sold on ships during sea-crossings between Member States, 79 and damage suffered by a producer of basic feedingstuffs for piglets and poultry made from whey as a result of the entry into force of certain Community regulations on the sale of skimmed-milk powder for use in feed for pigs and poultry. 80
Tako sta bili za običajni �teti �koda, ki jo je utrpela družba za pomorski prevoz zaradi spremembe prehodnega režima davčne oprostitve proizvodov, za katere se plačuje tro�arina in ki se jih prodaja na ladjah ob prevozu med državami članicami 79, ter �koda, ki jo je utrpel proizvajalec osnovnih prehranskih proizvodov za pra�iče in perutnino, izdelanih iz sirotke, zaradi začetka veljave nekaterih uredb Skupnosti o prodaji mleka v prahu, namenjenega prehrani pra�ičev in perutnine. 80
78 — If it is also sufficiently serious.
78 – Če je poleg tega tudi dovolj resna.
79 — See Förde­Reederei v Council and Commission, paragraphs 58 to 60.
79 – Glej zgoraj navedeno sodbo Förde-Reederei proti Svetu in Komisiji (točke od 58 do 60).