natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Where is the disease found?The rabies virus is present on all continents except Antarctica.
Kje je bolezen razširjena?Steklino najdemo na vseh celinah, razen na Antarktiki.
In certain countries in Asia, Africa, and Central and South America, it is the occurrence of rabies in domestic dogs that poses the most concern for human health.Europe is mainly free of rabies.
V nekaterih državah v Aziji, Afriki ter Srednji in Severni Ameriki je najbolj skrb vzbujajoč za zdravje ljudi pojav stekline pri domačih psih.V Evropi stekline v glavnem ni.
However some eastern European countries report some cases in animals and a few human cases.
Kljub temu nekatere vzhodnoevropske države poročajo o nekaterih primerih stekline pri živalih in nekaj primerih pri ljudeh.
Eradication and monitoring programmes, including the vaccination of wild animals via baits, are in place in those countries
V teh državah se izvajajo programi za izkoreninjenje in spremljanje, vključno s cepljenjem prostoživečih živali prek vab.
How is the disease transmitted and spread?Rabies is transmitted through the saliva of an infected animal.
Kako se bolezen prenaša in širi?Steklina se prenaša s slino okužene živali.
Infection occurs primarily via bite wounds, or infected saliva entering an open cut or wound or mucous membrane.
Okužba je največkrat posledica ugriza ali okužene sline, ki vstopi prek odprte ureznine ali rane oziroma sluznice.
Infection through inhalation of the virus has been documented, for example, in the environment of a densely populated bat cave.
Dokumentirana je okužba z vdihavanjem virusa, na primer v okolju jame, naseljene s številnimi netopirji .
The virus will generally remain at the entry site for a period of time before travelling along the nerves to the brain.
Virus običajno nekaj časa ostane na vstopnem mestu, preden prek živčevja odpotuje do možganov.
In the brain, the virus multiplies quickly, resulting in clinical signs.
Tam se hitro razmnožuje, kar povzroči klinične znake.
The virus then moves from the brain along nerves to the salivary glands.
Virus nato po živčevju potuje iz možganov do žlez slinavk.
The period of time before clinical signs appear in an infected animal can vary depending on the strain of virus and entry point.
Čas pred pojavom kliničnih znakov pri okuženi živali je lahko različen, odvisen pa je od seva in vstopnega mesta virusa.
The disease can be transmitted via the saliva
Še preden se pri okuženi živali pojavijo klinični znaki, se lahko bolezen prek sline okužene živali prenese na druge živali in ljudi.
What is the public health risk associated with this disease?Rabies is regarded as one of the most important zoonotic diseases in the world.
Kakšno tveganje za zdravje ljudi je povezano s to boleznijo?Steklino štejemo za eno od najpomembnejših zoonoz na svetu.
Any encounter with a domestic or wild animal where a bite is received must be investigated.
Preiskati je treba vsak stik z domačo ali prostoživečo živaljo, pri katerem pride do ugriza.
Rabid wild animals lose their natural fear of humans, increasing the risk of encounter.
S steklino okužene prostoživeče živali izgubijo naravni strah pred ljudmi, kar poveča tveganje za stik.
Clinical signs in animals such as excessive salivation, choking or gagging can lead humans to unknowingly risk infection while examining the animal.
Zaradi kliničnih znakov pri živalih, kot je pretirano slinjenje, dušenje ali davljenje, so lahko ljudje pri pregledu živali nevede izpostavljeni okužbi.
It is important to immediately wash any bite wound or exposed surface with soap and water and report the incident to a doctor or hospital emergency department.
Pomembno je, da morebitno rano, ki nastane ob ugrizu, ali izpostavljeno mesto takoj umijemo z milom in vodo ter o dogodku obvestimo zdravnika ali oddelek za nujno medicinsko pomoč (antirabično ambulanto).
What are the clinical signs of the disease?Clinical signs of rabies in animals will vary depending on the eect of the virus on the brain.
Kakšni so klinični znaki bolezni?Klinični znaki stekline pri živalih so različni, odvisno od tega, kako virus vpliva na možgane.
Typical signs include sudden behavioural changes and progressive paralysis leading to death.
Med tipičnimi znaki so nenadne spremembe vedenja in postopna hromitev, ki se konča s smrtjo.
In some cases, however, an animal may die rapidly without demonstrating signicant clinical signs.
Vendar pa lahko žival v nekaterih primerih hitro umre, ne da bi se pokazali pomembni klinični znaki.
How is the disease diagnosed?The disease may be suspected based on clinical signs, however, laboratory tests are required to conrm the diagnosis.
Kako se bolezen diagnosticira?O bolezni lahko sklepamo na podlagi kliničnih znakov, vendar so za potrditev diagnoze potrebni laboratorijski testi.
What is being done to prevent or control this disease?In countries where the disease is endemic, measures are implemented to address and reduce the risk of infection in susceptible populations (wildlife, stray and domestic animals) and create a buer between the animal source of the disease and humans.
Kako je s preprečevanjem te bolezni in nadzorom nad njo?V državah, kjer je bolezen endemična, izvajajo ukrepe za obravnavo in zmanjšanje tveganja za okužbo pri dovzetnih populacijah (prostoživeče, potepuške in domače živali) ter zaščito ljudi pred virom okužbe pri živalih.
European Veterinary Week Diary 2009 - 2010
Veterinarski rokovnik EU 2009 - 2010
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EU Veterinary Week /World Rabies Day
Evropski veterinarski teden /Svetovni dan boja proti steklini
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EU Veterinary Week /Launch of EU Animal Health Law consultation
Evropski veterinarski teden /Začetek posvetovanj o zakonu EU o zdravstvenem varstvu živali
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OIE Conference of Deans: evolving veterinary education for a safer world at Maison de la Chimie, Paris (France)
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Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease of animals caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), which is closely related to the bacteria that cause human and avian tuberculosis.
Goveja tuberkuloza (TB) je kronična bolezen živali, katere povzročiteljica je bakterija Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), ta pa je zelo sorodna bakterijam, ki povzročajo tuberkulozo pri ljudeh ali pticah.
This disease can aect practically all mammals, causing a general state of illness, coughing and eventually death.
Bolezen lahko prizadene praktično vse sesalce, pri čemer povzroči splošno bolezensko stanje, kašelj in na koncu smrt.
The name Tuberculosis comes from the nodules, called “tubercles”, which form in the lymph nodes of aected animals.
Tuberkuloza je ime dobila po bulicah, imenovanih „tuberkli“, ki nastanejo v bezgavkah bolnih živali.Do dvajsetih let prejšnjega stoletja, ko so v razvitih državah začeli izvajati nadzorne ukrepe, je po vsem svetu veljala za eno od najhujših bolezni domačih živali.
Today TB remains an important disease of cattle, wild animals, and is a signicant zoonosis.
Tudi danes je goveja tuberkuloza ena od glavnih bolezni goveda in prostoživečih živali ter pomembna zoonoza.
Where is the Disease Found?TB is found throughout the world.
Kje je bolezen razširjena?Govejo tuberkulozo najdemo po vsem svetu.
The disease is more prevalent in most of Africa, parts of Asia and of the Americas.Many developed countries have reduced or eliminated TB from their cattle population; however signicant pockets of infection remain in wildlife in Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, the United States and New Zealand.Although cattle are considered to be the true hosts of M. bovis, the disease has been reported in many other domesticated and non-domesticated animals.
Bolj razširjena je v večjem delu Afrike, delih Azije in na ameriški celini.Mnoge razvite države so zmanjšale ali odpravile pojav bolezni pri svojih populacijah goveda; kljub temu so pomembna žarišča okužb še vedno pri prostoživečih živalih v Kanadi, Združenem kraljestvu, na Irskem, v Združenih državah in na Novi Zelandiji. Čeprav se za dejanskega gostitelja bakterije M. bovis šteje govedo, poročajo tudi o primerih bolezni pri mnogih drugih udomačenih in divjih živalih.
How is the disease transmitted and spread?The disease is contagious and spread by contact with infected domestic and wild ani-mals.The usual route of infection is by inhaling infected droplets which are expelled from the lungs by coughing.
Kako se bolezen prenaša in širi?Bolezen je nalezljiva, prenaša pa se s stikom z okuženimi domačimi in prostoživečimi živalmi.Običajni način okužbe je kapljična okužba, ki se širi s kašljanjem.
Calves and humans can also become infected by ingesting raw milk from infected cows.
Teleta in ljudje se lahko okužijo tudi z zaužitjem surovega mleka okuženih krav.
Because the course of disease is slow, an animal can spread the disease to many other herd mates before it begins to manifest clinical signs.Therefore, movement of undetected infected domestic animals and contact with infected wild animals are the major ways of spreading the disease.
Ker se bolezen razvija počasi, jo lahko žival še pred pojavom kliničnih znakov razširi na druge pripadnike črede. Zato sta glavna načina širjenja bolezni premikanje domačih živali z neodkritimi okužbami in stik z okuženimi prostoživečimi živalmi.
What is the public health risk?Mycobacterium bovis is not the major cause of human tuberculosis, which is caused by M. tuberculosis, but humans are susceptible to TB.
Kakšno je tveganje za zdravje ljudi?Mycobacterium bovis ni glavni vzrok za tuberkulozo pri ljudeh, ki jo sicer povzroča bakterija M. tuberculosis, vendar pa je človek dovzeten za govejo tuberkulozo.
Humans can be infected both by drinking raw milk from infected cattle, or by inhaling infective droplets.
Ljudje se lahko okužijo s pitjem surovega mleka okužene krave, pa tudi s kapljičnim prenosom.
It is estimated in some countries that up to ten percent of human tuberculosis is due to TB.
V nekaterih državah se ocenjuje, da je goveja tuberkuloza v do deset odstotkih primerov vzrok za tuberkulozo pri ljudeh.
What are the clinical signs?TB usually has a prolonged course, and symptoms take months or years to appear.
Kakšni so klinični znaki?Potek goveje tuberkuloze je navadno dolgotrajen in simptomi se pojavijo čez nekaj mesecev ali let.
The usual clinical signs include weakness, loss of appetite, weight-loss, fluctuating fever, intermittent hacking cough, diarrhoea, and large prominent lymph nodes.
Med običajnimi kliničnimi znaki so oslabelost, izguba teka, hujšanje, občasno povišana telesna temperatura, občasen suh kašelj, driska in povečane, dobro vidne bezgavke.
However, the bacteria can also lie dormant in the host without causing disease.
Vendar se lahko bakterija v gostitelju tudi pritaji, ne da bi povzročila bolezen.
How is the Disease Diagnosed?The standard method for detection of TB is the tuberculin test, where a small amount of antigen is injected into the skin, and the immune reaction is measured.
Kako se bolezen diagnosticira?Standardna metoda za odkrivanje goveje tuberkuloze je tuberkulinski test, pri katerem majhno količino antigena vbrizgamo v kožo in izmerimo imunski odziv.
Denitive diagnosis is made by growing the bacteria in the laboratory, a process that takes at least eight weeks.
Dokončno diagnozo postavimo z gojenjem bakterij v laboratoriju, ta postopek pa traja vsaj osem tednov.
What is being done to prevent or control this disease?The standard control measure applied to TB is test and slaughter.Disease eradication programs consisting of post-mortem meat inspection, intensive surveillance including on-farm visits, systematic individual testing of cattle and removal of infected and in-contact animals as well as movement controls have been very successful in reducing or eliminating the disease.
Kako je s preprečevanjem te bolezni in nadzorom nad njo?Standardna nadzorna ukrepa, ki se uporabljata pri goveji tuberkulozi, sta testiranje in zakol.Pri omejevanju ali odpravljanju bolezni so se za zelo uspešne izkazali programi za izkoreninjenje bolezni, ki obsegajo pregled mesa po zakolu, intenzivni nadzor vključno z obiski na kmetijah, sistematična posamezna testiranja goveda in odstranitev okuženih živali in živali, ki so bile z njimi v stiku, ter nadzor nad premikanjem živali.
Pasteurisation of milk of infected animals to a temperature sucient to kill the bacteria has prevented the spread of disease in humans.Vaccination is practiced in human medicine, but it is not widely used as a preventive measure in animals.
Širjenje bolezni na ljudi preprečimo s pasterizacijo mleka okuženih živali pri dovolj visoki temperaturi, da uničimo bakterije.Cepljenje se izvaja v humani medicini, kot preventivni ukrep pri živalih pa ni zelo razširjeno.
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Saturday 14 - FVE General Assembly in Brussels (Belgium)
Sobota 14 - Generalna skupščina FVE v Bruslju (Belgija) nJu
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End of Animal Health Law consultation
Konec posvetovanj o zakonu EU o zdravstvenem varstvu živali
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Listeriosis usually results from infection by Listeria monocytogenes, a Gram positiverod bacterium in the family Listeriaceae.
Listerioza je največkrat posledica okužbe z Listeria monocytogenes, Gram pozitivnepaličaste bakterije iz družine Listeriaceae.
Where is the disease found?L. monocytogenes is found worldwide and is widely distributed in the environment.
Kje je bolezen razširjena?L. monocytogenes najdemo po vsem svetu in je v okolju močno razširjena.
How is the disease transmitted and spread?The reservoirs of infection are the soil and the intestinal tracts of asymptomatic animals, including wild and feral mammals, birds, fish and crustaceans.
Kako se bolezen prenaša in širi?Rezervoarji okužb so izločki in prebavni trakti živali, ki ne kažejo znakov bolezni, vključno s prostoživečimi in divjimi sesalci, ptiči, ribami in raki.
Infected animals can shed L. monocytogenes in the faeces, milk and uterine discharges.
Okužene živali lahko L. monocytogenes izločajo z iztrebki, mlekom in vaginalnim izcedkom.
It is also found in aborted foetuses and occasionally in the nasal discharges and urine of symptomatic animals.
Najdemo jo tudi v izvrženih zarodkih ter občasno v nosnem izcedku in urinu živali, ki kažejo znake bolezni.
Most infections are acquired by ingestion, but Listeria can also spread by inhalation or direct contact.
Do večine okužb pride z zaužitjem, vendar se lahko Listeria širi tudi z vdihavanjem ali neposrednim stikom.
In ruminants, listeriosis typically occurs after the consumption of contaminated silage or other feed.For humans, contaminated food sources include raw meat and fish, unpasteurised dairy products and uncooked vegetables.
Pri prežvekovalcih se listerioza običajno pojavi po zaužitju okužene silaže ali druge krme.Pri ljudeh okuženi viri hrane vključujejo surovo meso in ribe, nepasterizirane mlečne izdelke in surovo zelenjavo.
L. monocytogenes has also been found in processed foods that have become contaminated after processing.
L. monocytogenes najdemo tudi v predelanih živilih, ki so se okužila po predelavi.
The infective dose for oral transmission is unknown but is thought to depend on the strain of bacterium and the susceptibility of the person.
Kužni odmerek za oralni prenos ni znan, vendar naj bi bil odvisen od seva bakterije in dovzetnosti osebe.
Vertical transmission is the usual source of infection in newborn human infants and ruminants.
Vertikalni prenos ni običajen vir okužbe pri novorojenčkih in novorojenih prežvekovalcih.
Humans can also be infected by direct contact with infected animals during calving, lambing or necropsies.
Ljudje se lahko okužijo tudi ob neposrednem stiku z okuženo živaljo med telitvijo, jagnjitvijo ali obdukcijo mrtve živali.
What is the public health risk associated with this disease?Listeriosis is a zoonosis.
Kakšno tveganje za zdravje ljudi je povezano s to boleznijo?Listerioza je zoonoza.
The incubation period in susceptible adults is 3 to 70 days, with the median incubation period estimated to be 3 weeks.
Inkubacijska doba pri odraslih osebah, dovzetnih za to bolezen, je od 3 do 70 dni, medtem ko naj bi bila povprečna inkubacijska doba 3 tedne.
Listeriosis is usually a serious problem only in pregnant women, newborns, the elderly, and immunocompromised or debilitated hosts.
Listerioza navadno resno ogroža samo nosečnice, novorojenčke, starejše osebe ter gostitelje, za katere sta značilna oslabljen imunski sistem ali izčrpanost.
Pregnant women may experience either a mild, flu-like syndrome with fever, chills, headache, slight dizziness or gastrointestinal signs, or an asymptomatic infection.
Nosečnice lahko občutijo bodisi blag gripi podoben sindrom s povišano telesno temperaturo, mrzlico, glavobolom, blago omotico ali želodčno-prebavnimi znaki bodisi asimptomatsko okužbo.
This may be followed in a few days to weeks by abortion, stillbirth, premature birth or septicemia in the newborn.
Temu lahko v nekaj dneh ali tednih sledi splav, mrtvorojenost, prezgodnji porod ali sepsa pri novorojenčku.
Newborns may be infected either in utero or from bacteria found in the vagina during delivery.
Novorojenčki se lahko okužijo in utero ali med porodom zaradi bakterij v nožnici.
These infants can develop septicemia, disseminated granulomatosis, respiratory disease or meningitis; symptoms may be present at birth or develop within a few days to several weeks.
Pri teh otrocih se lahko razvije sepsa, razsejana granulomatoza, bolezen dihal ali meningitis; simptomi so lahko prisotni ob rojstvu ali se razvijejo v nekaj dneh do več tednih.
In elderly, immunocompromised or debilitated persons, L. monocytogenes can cause meningitis, meningoencephalitis or, less frequently, septicemia.
Pri starejših osebah in osebah, za katere sta značilna oslabljen imunski sistem ali izčrpanost, lahko L. monocytogenes povzroči meningitis, meningoencefalitis ali, redkeje, sepso.
What are the clinical signs of the disease?
Kakšni so klinični znaki bolezni?
A wide variety of domestic and wild mammals, birds, fish and crustaceans carry L. monocytogenes asymptomatically in the digestive tract.
Cela vrsta udomačenih in prostoživečih sesalcev, ptičev, rib in rakov asimptomatsko prenaša L. monocytogenes v prebavnem traktu.
Clinical disease is seen most often in ruminants.
Klinični znaki bolezni se največkrat pokažejo pri prežvekovalcih.
The incubation period for encephalitis in ruminants is usually 10 days to 3 weeks.
Inkubacijska doba za encefalitis pri prežvekovalcih je običajno od 10 dni do 3 tedne.
Septicemia and abortions can appear after one day or more.
Do sepse ali zvrgavanja lahko pride po enem dnevu ali več.
Listeria can cause encephalitis, abortions and septicaemia in sheep, cattle and goats.
Pri ovcah, govedu in kozah lahko Listeria povzroči encefalitis, zvrgavanje in sepso.
How is the disease diagnosed?Listeriosis can be diagnosed by isolating L. monocytogenes from the placenta, fetus or uterine discharges after an abortion.
Kako se bolezen diagnosticira?Listeriozo lahko diagnosticiramo z izolacijo L. monocytogenes iz posteljice, zarodka ali vaginalnih izločkov po zvrgavanju.
Blood or cerebrospinal fluid, respectively, can be cultured in animals with septicaemia or encephalitis.
Pri živalih s sepso ali encefalitisom lahko kot gojiščno kulturo uporabimo kri ali cerebrospinalno tekočino.
At necropsy, the liver, kidneys and spleen can be cultured in septicaemic animals, or the pons and medulla in animals with encephalitis.
Po obdukciji lahko nasadimo kot gojiščno kulturo jetra, ledvice in vranico septikemičnih živali, pri živalih z encefalitisom pa pons in hrbtenjačo.
L. monocytogenes has also been isolated from the nasal discharges, urine, faeces or milk of aected animals; however, it is also present in the faeces and milk of clinically normal animals.
L. monocytogenes so izolirali tudi iz nosnih izcedkov, urina, iztrebkov ali mleka prizadetih živali; vendar pa jo najdemo tudi v iztrebkih in mleku klinično zdravih živali.
L. monocytogenes can be identied in tissues with a variety of commercial rapid identica-tion methods, based on biochemical tests and enzyme reactions.
L. monocytogenes v tkivih lahko določimo z različnimi komercialnimi metodami za hitro določitev, ki temeljijo na biokemičnih testih in encimskih reakcijah.
It can also be detected with ELISA, immunouorescence, iimmunochromatography, immunomagnetic separation and PCR techniques.
Odkrijemo jo lahko tudi z metodo ELISA, imunouorescenco, imunokromatograjo, imunomagnetno separacijo in metodami verižne reakcije s polimerazo (PCR).
Serology is not routinely used for diagnosis.
Serologija se pri diagnozi ne uporablja sistematično.
Many healthy animals have high Listeria titers, and cross-reactions occur with enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus and other organisms.
Mnoge zdrave živali imajo visoke titre bakterije Listeria ter se pojavljajo navzkrižne reakcije z enterokoki, Staphylococcusaureus in drugimi organizmi.
What is being done to prevent or control this disease?Listeriosis can be treated with a variety of antibiotics.
Kako je s preprečevanjem te bolezni in nadzorom nad njo?Listeriozo lahko zdravimo z različnimi antibiotiki.
High doses and early treatment are required for animals with encephalitis; animals with severe neurological signs usually die despite treatment.
Pri živalih z encefalitisom so potrebni visoki odmerki in zgodnje zdravljenje; živali s hudimi nevrološkimi znaki navadno poginejo kljub zdravljenju.
Supportive treatment may also be required.
Lahko je potrebno tudi dodatno zdravljenje.
The risk of listeriosis can be decreased in ruminants by feeding good quality silage with a low pH. There is no vaccine for listeriosis.
Tveganje za listeriozo lahko pri prežvekovalcih zmanjšamo tako, da jih krmimo s kakovostno silažo z nizkim pH. Za listeriozo ni cepiva.
The disease can be largely prevented in humans by good food hygiene practices.
Bolezen pri ljudeh lahko v glavnem preprečimo z dobrimi higienskimi navadami.
MONDAY 4
PONEDELJEK 4
TUESDAY 5
TOREK 5