natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Norway provides an interesting example of how trends in capacity are made available to the general public.
Norveška ponuja zanimiv primer, kako so lahko podatki o prostorskih zmogljivostih dostopni širši javnosti.
All Norwegian municipalities must report the number of children in kindergartens and children on waiting lists to the ministry.
Vse norveške občine morajo ministrstvu poročati o številu otrok v vrtcih in otrocih, ki so na čakalnem seznamu.
The ministry has established an electronic map showing the percentage of all children in kindergartens and waiting lists in all municipalities.
Ministrstvo te številke objavlja na svoji spletni strani.
The intention of the map, which is available on the ministry's website, is to benchmark access rates between municipalities in the hope of promoting higher access rates.
Namen tega je primerjanje deležev vključenih otrok po občinah in spodbujanje k še večjemu vpisu.
Slovenia has taken a similar initiative by introducing a National E-Register of available places in preschool institutions in 2007. Preschool institutions are required to enter their data concerning
Slovenija je leta 2007 ubrala podobno pot z uvedbo nacionalnega e-registra, v katerem je mogoče videti vsa prosta mesta v predšolskih institucijah.
Early Childhood Education and Carein Europe: Tackling Social and Cultural Inequalities available places, so that applicants, municipal and national authorities are kept up to date on the situation in each institution.
Predšolske institucije morajo vpisovati podatke o prostih mestih, tako da imajo prosilci in občinski ter nacionalni organi stalen pregled nad številom mest.
The National E-Register is accessible to all users on the internet.
Nacionalni e-register je na voljo vsem uporabnikom na internetu.
90 % of preschool institutions already use it, and registering data on it becomes compulsory in 2008/09.
Uporablja ga že 90 odstotkov predšolskih institucij, od šolskega leta 2008/09 pa je vpisovanje podatkov obvezno.
Finally, it is important to note that the ECEC coverage is not even across the countries.
Končno je pomembno opozoriti, da možnosti za predšolsko vzgojo in varstvo tudi znotraj posameznih držav niso enake.
In particular, there is an acute lack of adequate early childhood provision in rural areas in a number of countries.
V številnih državah se spoprijemajo s pomanjkanjem primerne predšolske vzgoje in varstva zlasti na podeželju.
Uneven or differentiated (for example, more home-based provision) early childhood services in rural as opposed to urban areas is an especially pressing issue in Belgium, Germany, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, Portugal and Romania.
Neenakost ali nesorazmerje (na primer več domačega varstva) med predšolsko vzgojo in varstvom na podeželju in v mestih je mogoče opaziti zlasti v Belgiji, Nemčiji, Litvi, na Madžarskem, Poljskem, Portugalskem in v Romuniji.
In Poland, where municipalities have a right, but not a duty to provide crèches, there are virtually no crèches in rural areas.
Na Poljskem imajo občine pravico ustanavljati jasli (crèches), ne pa tudi dolžnosti, zato jih na podeželju sploh ni.
Despite a statutory duty to establish and administer nursery schools for 36 year olds, there is still a considerable shortfall in capacity.
Čeprav morajo občine po zakonu ustanavljati in upravljati z otroškimi vrtci za 3- do 6-letne otroke, ni dovolj mest za vse otroke.
Participation rates differ considerably across the country, with far fewer children attending nursery schools in rural areas.
Zato ni čudno, da se delež vključenosti po državi precej razlikuje in je precej manj otrok vpisanih v vrtce na podeželju.
Local solutions include organising part-time activities as a joint initiative of communes and foundations, associations and parents’ groups.
Lokalna rešitev iz nastale zagate so poldnevne dejavnosti, ki jih s skupnimi napori organizirajo civilne iniciative, združenja staršev in razne fundacije.
Access to early childhood services may be hampered by a number of factors to an extent that some children run the risk of being excluded from early education and care altogether.
Dostop do predšolskih storitev lahko ovirajo številni dejavniki; za nekatere otroke pomenijo tveganje, da bodo povsem izključeni iz predšolske vzgoje in varstva.
The most common exclusion factors include affordability and shortfalls in provision.
Najpogostejša dejavnika izključenosti sta cenovna nedostopnost in pomanjkanje ponudbe.
Parents decision to keep their children at home may also be conditioned by a lack of suitable early childhood services, such as, for example, the availability of part-time care only, making it impractical to pursue employment (usually for the mother, as discussed in Chapter 2).
Na odločitev staršev, da bodo otroka vzgajali doma, lahko vpliva tudi pomanjkanje ustreznih predšolskih storitev: ponudba le poldnevnega varstva na primer vpliva na iskanje zaposlitve (kot je razvidno iz razprave v 2. poglavju, gre pogosto za matere).
The social security system, however, may sometimes act as an indirect barrier of children's accession to ECEC even when provision is available.
Včasih je lahko celo sistem socialnega zavarovanja, kljub zadovoljivi ponudbi, posredna ovira za dostop do predšolske vzgoje in varstva.
As explained in section 3.1, a system of lengthy parental leave and generous benefits can encourage parents to stay at home with their young children, as is the case in Estonia, Lithuania, Austria and Romania.
Kot pojasnjujemo v razdelku 3.1, lahko dolg starševski dopust in radodarni dodatki starše spodbujajo k temu, da otroke raje vzgajajo doma, kar velja za Estonijo, Litvo, Avstrijo in Romunijo.
For example, in Romania, parental leave benefits are payable for 2 years.
V Romuniji se starševski dodatek izplačuje dve leti.
The amount is comparable or even higher than some salaries and is lost if the child is enrolled in early childhood facilities.
Znesek je primerljiv ali celo višji od nekaterih plač, starši pa ga izgubijo, če otroka vpišejo v predšolske institucije.
In some other countries, entitlement to specific benefits is conditional on the amount of time a child spends in an early childhood setting.
V nekaterih drugih državah so posebni dodatki odvisni od časa, ki ga otrok preživi v predšolskem okolju.
In the Czech Republic, the parental benefit is applicable only if the child spends no more than 5 days a month in an early childhood setting under the age of 4 or not more than 4 hours a day for children under the age of 3.
Na Češkem so starši upravičeni do starševskega dodatka, če otrok, mlajši od 4 let, ni vključen v predšolsko vzgojo dlje kot pet dni na mesec, otrok, mlajši od 3 let, pa ne več kot 4 ure na dan.
In Bulgaria, children who only spend a half-day in kindergarten do not pay fees for textbooks.
V Bolgariji otrokom, ki so v vrtcu le pol dneva, ni treba plačati učbenikov.
Three Nordic countries have special 'cash-for-care' schemes for parents of 13 years old children who do not use publicly subsidised childcare.
Tri nordijske države ponujajo staršem otrok od 1. do 3. leta starosti, ki ne uporabljajo javnega subvencioniranega varstva, »denar za varstvo«. »Denarja za varstvo« starši ne morejo dobiti sočasno s starševskim dodatkom, v praksi pa ga pogosto uporabljajo za podaljšanje starševskega dopusta.
The 'cash-for-care' schemes cannot be taken simultaneously with the parental benefit and in practice are often used as an extension of the parental leave.
Razlika med predpisi za starševski dodatek in predpisi o »denarju za varstvo« je tudi ta, da lahko starši z »denarjem za varstvo« plačajo zunanje nesubvencionirano dnevno varstvo.
Data also
Pomembno pa
Chapter 3: Accessto Early Childhood Education and Care show that the use of the 'cash-for-care' scheme decreases, as the number of places in early childhood services increase.
Predšolska vzgojain varstvo v Evropi: odpravljanjesocialneinkulturne neenakosti je opozoriti, da ima predpis o »denarju za varstvo« tudi sporne razredne posledice.
Exclusion factors can also be informal and less tangible.
Izključevalni dejavniki so lahko tudi neformalni in manj oprijemljivi.
In Belgium (Flemish Community), a 2004 survey shows that groups that have priority of access by law are in fact the least likely to use early childhood services.
Leta 2004 opravljena raziskava v Belgiji (amski skupnosti) je pokazala, da predšolske storitve najmanj uporabljajo prav tiste skupine, ki imajo po zakonu prednostni dostop.
Thus, the lowest rate of use is by ethnic minority children who belong to underprivileged families.
Tako jih najmanj uporabljajo otroci pripadnikov etničnih manjšin, ki spadajo med prikrajšane.
Children of one-parent families also make less use of child care than the general population.
Raziskava je pokazala, da so tudi otroci iz enostarševskih družin manjkrat v otroškem varstvu kot drugi otroci.
The survey results suggest that socially vulnerable groups are especially prone to experience difficulties in enrolling their child(ren) to ECEC.
In končno, ugotovitve iz raziskave kažejo, da imajo prav socialno ranljive skupine največ težav pri vpisovanju otrok v predšolsko vzgojo in varstvo.
Long waiting lists, the requirement for regular attendance and respecting rules in childcare are commonly listed formal barriers.
Pri tem se za splošne formalne ovire štejejo dolge čakalne vrste, zahteve po redni prisotnosti in dolžnost spoštovanja pravil okolja.
Informal barriers include the way in which information about childcare is publicised, the language used and the attitudes of the staff.
Med neformalne ovire pa spadajo: način, na katerega so posredovane informacije o storitvah, jezik in odnos zaposlenih.
The Flemish ‘Community and Neighbourhood services’ project was set up in 2007 in order to address some of these issues.
Leta 2007 so v flamsko govoreči skupnosti začeli projekt »Skupnost in sosedske storitve«, s katerim rešujejo nekatera od omenjenih vprašanj.
Half of the staff comes from identified at risk groups and the working method very explicitly involves the participation of parents, children and community.
Polovica zaposlenih pri projektu so pripadniki ogroženih skupin, delovne metode pa izrecno zahtevajo sodelovanje staršev, otrok in skupnosti.
This project was positively evaluated at the end of 2007. This type of provision will be embedded in childcare legislation in the near future.
Ker je bil projekt konec leta 2007 pozitivno ocenjen, bodo ta tip ponudbe v bližnji prihodnosti vnesli v predpise o predšolski vzgoji.
Free education for older children (usually from the age of 3) is guaranteed in school settings in a majority of countries. This is sometimes matched by a downward extension of compulsory schooling to include the final year of preprimary education.
V večini držav je zagotovljena brezplačna vzgoja za starejše otroke (ponavadi od 3. leta starosti).Včasih se uskladi z zgodnejšim začetkom obveznega izobraževanja in zajame zadnje leto predšolske vzgoje.
This is the case in Greece, Cyprus and Poland, for example.
To velja na primer za Grčijo, Ciper in Poljsko.
However, parents are expected to contribute some fees for the ECEC of the youngest children in all countries except Hungary (see more Chapter 6).
Toda v vseh državah, razen na Madžarskem, morajo starši plačati prispevke za predšolsko vzgojo in varstvo najmlajših (glej 6. poglavje).
In addition to broader policies designed to tackle poverty and social exclusion, such as social protection, employment and housing, almost all countries offer means-tested access to early childhood settings in order to ensure affordability for lowincome families.
Poleg širših političnih ukrepov, načrtovanih za odpravljanje revščine in socialne izključenosti, kot so socialno zavarovanje, zaposlovanje in nastanitev, skoraj vse države preverjajo premoženjski položaj družin in ponujajo dostop do predšolskih okolij, ugoden tudi za družine z nizkimi dohodki.
Most countries use family income and number of children criteria to adjust the levels of fees paid for accredited public ECEC services (see Figure 3.2).
V številnih državah je osnova za izračun višine prispevka za akreditirano javno predšolsko vzgojo in varstvo družinski dohodek staršev in število otrok (glej preglednico 3.2).
In Belgium, parental contributions for childcare services (for 02 yearolds) are means-tested in the subsidised sector and a fee scale is applied accordingly.
V Belgiji v subvencioniranih institucijah starševske prispevke za predšolsko varstvo (za otroke do 2 let) prilagajajo njihovemu dohodku.
In the Czech Republic the school head of a nursery school sets a standard fee for all children.
Na Češkem ravnatelj vrtca določi standardni prispevek za vse otroke.
The head has the right to decrease or waive the fee, in particular in cases of children coming from disadvantaged families.
Ravnatelj ima pravico, da plačilo prispevka za otroke iz socialno ogroženih družin zmanjša oziroma starše oprosti plačila.
Overall, parents who receive social benefits or who take care of a child and receive foster care benefit are exempted from fees.
Plačevanja so oproščeni tudi vsi rejniki.
Also in Slovenia the public nursery school fee is regulated and parents who receive social benefits are exempted from paying this fee.
Na Češkem in v Sloveniji se višina plačila za javni otroški vrtec uravnava glede na razvrstitev staršev v plačilne razrede, starši, ki prejemajo socialno pomoč, pa so plačila oproščeni.
In Ireland, early childhood services are grantaided through three income bands on the basis of parental profiles, with the two lower bands applicable to parents entitled to social welfare benefits.
Na Irskem so centri za predšolsko vzgojo financirani ob upoštevanju treh dohodkovnih skupin, ki so določene glede na dohodek staršev; pri tem sta zadnji dve skupini z nižjimi dohodki upravičeni do socialne pomoči.
A maximum fee was introduced in Sweden in 2002, where fees are set according to the level of parental income and the number of children in the family.
Na Švedskem leta 2002 so določili najvišji prispevek, za posamezne starše pa ga izračunavajo na podlagi njihovega dohodka in števila otrok v družini.
Norway also has a similar system.
Norveška ima podoben sistem.
In Bulgaria, where the amount of fees, their reduction or exemption is regulated by law, lone parent families and families with more than two children, as well as disabled parents are exempted from paying fees.
V Bolgariji je višina plačila, znižanje ali celo oprostitev plačila določena z zakonom. Prav tako so enostarševske družine, družine z več kot dvema otrokoma in nezmožni starši oproščeni plačila prispevka.
Children who only attend half a day in kindergarten are also exempted from fees.
Oprostitev plačevanja prispevka velja tudi za otroke, ki so v vrtcu le pol dneva.
In Cyprus, since September 2004, preschool education is compulsory and free of charge for children from 4 years and 8 months to 5 years and 8 months.
Na Cipru je od septembra 2004 predšolska vzgoja obvezna in brezplačna eno leto, in sicer za otroke stare od 4 leta in 8 mesecev do 5 let in 8 mesecev.
The fees for children from 3 years to 4 years and 8 months are set to 42 euros per month with a reduction to 25 euros to families with four or more
Višina prispevka za otroke od 3 do 4 let in 8 mesecev je 42 evrov na mesec, lahko pa se zmanjša na 25 evrov za družine, ki
Early Childhood Education and Carein Europe: Tackling Social and Cultural Inequalities children.
3. poglavje: Dostop do predšolske vzgojein varstva imajo štiri otroke ali več.
Children of very poor families and those whose parents suffer from serious illnesses are exempted from paying fees.
Za otroke iz zelo revnih družin ter z resno bolnimi starši je vrtec brezplačen.
The fees nevertheless are very low compared to what parents pay in the private sector (from 102 euros to 307 euros).
Ne glede na to pa so prispevki vseeno relativno nizki v primerjavi z zasebnim sektorjem, kjer so cene od 102 evrov do 307 evrov na mesec.
In Hungary, the public ECEC provision is free; fees exist only for meals and extra activities, such as foreign language lessons or extra sports activities.
Na Madžarskem sta javna predšolska vzgoja in varstvo brezplačni; plačati je treba le hrano in dodatne dejavnosti, kot so jezikovni tečaji ali dodatne športne dejavnosti.
It is interesting to note that, since 2008, new measures have been taken with the aim of motivating parents of children with multiple disadvantages to have their child participate in ECEC.
Pomembno je opozoriti, da od leta 2008 veljajo novi predpisi, s katerimi spodbujajo vpis večkrat prikrajšanih otrok.
Only parents of children with multiple disadvantages are eligible for a special allowance, which is paid by the local municipality in two instalments following the enrolment of the child in June and December.
Le starši teh otrok lahko zaprosijo za posebne dodatke, ki jih občina izplača v dveh obrokih (v juniju in decembru) potem, ko vpišejo otroka v vrtec.
In Ireland, the level of parental contributions depends on whether parents are in receipt of benefit and on the nature of that benefit.
Na Irskem se prispevek določa glede na to, ali starši prejemajo dodatke, in naravo teh dodatkov.
Finally, in Latvia, Poland and Slovakia, fees are not related to income but local authorities are free to decide whether to exempt families in financial difficulties from paying fees.
Končno pa se prispevki na Poljskem, Slovaškem in v Latviji ne izračunavajo na podlagi dohodkov staršev, ampak se lokalne oblasti odločijo, ali bodo družine s finančnimi težavami oprostili plačevanja.
Figure 3.2: Means of enhancing affordability of ECEC, 2006/07
Preglednica 3.2: Sredstva za večjo dostopnost do predšolske vzgoje in varstva, 2006/07
Level of fees paid for accredited public sector ECEC services adjusted according to
Prispevek za akreditirano javno predšolsko vzgojo in varstvo, prilagojen glede na:
BE de family income and number of children
BE de družinski dohodek in število otrok
LU criteria other than family size and income
LU merilo, ki ne upošteva velikosti družine in družinskega dohodka
Tax advantages available for use of accredited fee-paying ECEC services in the public sector
MT davčne olajšave za akreditirano plačljivo javno predšolsko vzgojo in varstvo
Free access in all subsidised and accredited services
LI nesubvencionirane in neakreditirane plačljive storitve
Italy: Measures vary according to the regulations of Regions and Communes. Lithuania: Lone parent, student families and families where the father is conscripted are granted a 50 % reduction of fees.
Litva: enostarševske družine, študentske družine in družine, v katerih oče služi vojaški rok, imajo pri plačilu 50-odstotni popust;
Slovenia: When more than one child is enrolled from the same family, fee for older children is lowered by one category.
Slovenija: starši, ki imajo enega otroka že v vrtcu, za drugega otroka plačajo za razred nižji prispevek;
United Kingdom (ENG/WLS/NIR): Beyond the entitlement to free part-time provision for 3 and 4-year-olds, provision is mainly fee-paying and unsubsidised (although parents may receive tax credits). Iceland: Municipalities are free to decide the amount of fees.
Združeno kraljestvo (ANG/WLS): brezplačna poldnevna mesta so na voljo za 2-letne otroke, ki pripadajo določenim ciljnim skupinam; finančna pomoč je na voljo mladim staršem in enostarševskim družinam, ki se želijo ponovno vrniti na trg dela, usposabljanje ali študij;
This figure looks at fee-paying ECEC provision only, whether in the public and/or private government-dependent sector combined.
Lihtenštajn: enostarševske družine lahko dobijo nadomestno finančno pomoč – odvisna je od njihovega finančnega položaja.
Chapter 3: Accessto Early Childhood Education and Care
Predšolska vzgojain varstvo v Evropi: odpravljanjesocialneinkulturne neenakosti
Tax deductions are another way of protecting families from the full extent of childcare costs.
Stroški otroškega varstva se lahko znižajo tudi z davčnimi olajšavami.
Often they complement the above mentioned criteria.
Te pogosto dopolnjujejo prej omenjena merila.
Tax rebates on fees paid for childcare services (for 03 yearolds) are available in Belgium, France, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Romania, the United Kingdom and Norway.
Oprostitve plačila davka od prispevkov za otroško varstvo (za otroke, stare od 0 do 3 let) poznajo v Belgiji, Franciji, Luksemburgu, na Malti, Nizozemskem, v Romuniji, Združenem kraljestvu in na Norveškem.
In the Netherlands, parents benefit also from employers’ contributions for the costs of childcare, provided they make use of a registered childcare centre or a registered agency for childminders.
Na Nizozemskem delodajalci zaposlenim staršem namenjajo dodatke za poravnavanje stroškov otroškega varstva, če imajo otroke v institucionalnem otroškem varstvu ali registriranem zasebnem otroškem varstvu.
In Malta all families who enrol their child(ren) in ECEC get tax rebates, and those who receive social assistance are entirely exempted from school fees.
Na Malti so vse družine, ki vpišejo svoje(ga) otroke(a) v predšolsko vzgojo in varstvo, oproščene plačila davka, tisti, ki prejemajo socialno pomoč, pa so v celoti oproščeni plačila.
In Romania, childcare vouchers are available for families who are not entitled to parental leave benefits.
V Romuniji so na voljo vavčerji za otroško varstvo za družine, ki niso upravičene do dodatka za starševski dopust.
These tickets may only be used for paying taxes on early childhood services.
Te lahko starši uporabljajo le za plačilo davkov na storitve otroškega varstva.
In the United Kingdom, families at low- and middle-income levels receive tax credits through the Working Tax Credit Child Care Element, paying up to 80 % of (capped) costs for parents who work at least 16 hours a week.
V Združenem kraljestvu so družine z nizkimi in srednjimi dohodki upravičene do davčnih olajšav v okviru Working Tax Credit Child Care Element, ki poravna do 80 odstotkov stroškov predšolske vzgoje in varstva za starše, ki delajo vsaj 16 ur na teden.
Various central government policies seek to promote access for particular target groups and to ensure that early childhood settings are sensitive to the specific needs of disadvantaged children.
Različne vladne politike spodbujajo dostop za določene ciljne skupine in zagotavljajo, da se predšolska okolja odzivajo na posebne potrebe prikrajšanih otrok.
In Belgium (the Flemish Community) pilot project called Centrum voor Kinderopvang (CKO) (Integrated Centres for Childcare), tries to ensure such admission policies that the composition of children groups in ECEC would reflect the local/regional societies.
V Belgiji (amski skupnosti) s pilotnim projektom Centrum voor Kinderopvang (CKO) [centri za integrirano predšolsko vzgojo] težijo k zagotavljanju takšne politike sprejemanja otrok v predšolsko vzgojo in varstvo, ki upošteva lokalne ali regionalne okoliščine.
In July 2006, Denmark introduced a written child environmental impact assessment for all daycare facilities with to ensure that daycare environments promote socially disadvantaged children’s development.
Leta 2006 je Danska v vseh oblikah dnevnega otroškega varstva uvedla pisno evalvacijo o vplivu okolja na otroka, zato da bi bilo zagotovljeno primerno varstvo za razvoj socialno prikrajšanih otrok.
The government is investing in supplementary training for daycare staff to enable them to work with disadvantaged children, for example language teaching.
Poleg tega vlada namenja sredstva za usposabljanje strokovnih delavcev za delo s prikrajšanimi otroki, na primer za poučevanje jezika.
In France, all children living in the zones d’éducation prioritaires (education priority zones, or ZEPs) are entitled to start preprimary education at the age of 2.
V Franciji imajo vsi otroci, mlajši od 2 let, ki živijo na »prednostnih vzgojnih območjih« (zones d'éducation prioritaire ali ZEP), zagotovljeno mesto v predšolski vzgoji.