natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
1.Maps of Europe and the Enwise countries 2.Gender Studies in the Enwise countries3.Hierarchical structure of scientific degrees system and academic titles/ranks within HE and R & D4.R & D transformations in the Baltic States5.HE legislation in the Enwise countries (Transitional period and reforms in view of Enlargement)6.Distribution of researchers from the Enwise countries across R & D sectors7.Gender distribution of researchers from the Enwise countries within each country and R & D sector8.National Academic Staff Grades in the Enwise countries9.Female Representation in the National Academies of Science of the Enwise countries10.Helsinki Group on Women and Science – Members from the Enwise countries11.Helsinki Sub-Group of Statistical Correspondents – Members from the Enwise countries
Zemljevidi Evrope in držav Enwise Ženske študije v državah Enwise Hierarhična struktura sistema znanstvenih in akademskih nazivov v visokem šolstvu ter razvojni in raziskovalni dejavnosti Preoblikovanje razvojne in raziskovalne dejavnosti v baltskih republikah Visokošolska zakonodaja v državah Enwise (Prehodno obdobje in reforme v luči širitve Evropske unije)Razporeditev raziskovalcev iz držav Enwise po sektorjih raziskav in razvoja Razporeditev raziskovalcev iz držav Enwise po spolu znotraj posameznih držav in posameznih sektorjev za raziskave in razvoj
Abbreviations Bibliography Acknowledgements Enwise Expert Group (members)
Krajšave v izvirnem (angleškem) besedilu Bibliografija Zahvala Strokovna skupina Enwise (članice)
List of figures and tables
Seznam grafičnih prikazov, diagramov in tabel
Women among researchers in the Enwise countries in 2001 (percentages) Women researchers in the Enwise countries and in three Member Statesin 2001 (headcount)Higher Education Gender Progression Ratio for the Enwise countries in 2001R & D expenditure, in Euros per annum, per capitaresearcher and by R & D sector in 2001Honeypotscores by main field of science and by R & D sector in 2001Correlation between Honeypotscores by R & D sector and Gross Expenditure on R & D (GERD) per capitaresearcher in 2001Women and men academic staff in Grade A positions in 2000 (percentages)Women among academic staff and among grade A staff in 2000 (percentages)Female observers and experts from the Enwise countriesin FP5 Programme Committees Female FP5 National Contact Points from the Enwise countries Female observers and experts from the Enwise countriesin FP6 Programme Committees Female FP6 National Contact Points from the Enwise countries
Delež žensk med raziskovalci v državah Enwise leta 2001 (v odstotkih)Raziskovalke v državah Enwise in v treh državah članicah EU leta 2001 (št. oseb)Količnik o napredovanju pri pridobivanju visokošolske izobrazbe glede naspol HEGPR za države Enwise leta 2001Letna razvojna in raziskovalna sredstva, izražena v eurih,na raziskovalcavposameznih razvojnih in raziskovalnih sektorjih za leto 2001Vsebina kozarca medupo posameznih področjih znanosti in po sektorjihrazvojne in raziskovalne dejavnosti leta 2001Korelacija med vrednostjo kozarca medupo posameznih razvojnih inraziskovalnih sektorjih in bruto porabo razvojnih in raziskovalnih sredstev(GERD) na raziskovalcaleta 2001Žensko in moško akademsko osebje na položajih stopnje A leta 2000 (odstotki)Ženske kot del akademskega osebja in kot osebe na položaju stopnje A leta2000 (odstotki)Opazovalke in strokovnjakinje iz držav Enwise v programskih odborih znotraj5.okvirnega programa Ženske kot nacionalne kontaktne osebe znotraj 5. okvirnega programavdržavah Enwise Opazovalke in strokovnjakinje iz držav Enwise v programskih odborih znotraj6.okvirnega programa Nacionalne kontaktne osebe znotraj 6. okvirnega programa v državah Enwise
Executive Summary pi The Research Directorate-General commissioned this report in order toassess the conditions and status of women scientists in the Central and Eastern European countries and the Baltic States.
Generalni direktorat za raziskave je naročil pričujoče poročilo, da bi lahko oceniltrenutne razmere in položaj žensk v znanosti v državah srednje in vzhodne Evrope ter v baltskih državah.
Following the ETANreport on “Science policies in the European Union - Promoting excellencethrough mainstreaming gender equality”, which dealt essentially with thesituation of women scientists in the current EU Member States, this reportis the result of one of the actions of the Science and Society Action Plan: topromote gender equality in science in a wider Europe.
Kot nadgradnja poročila mreže ETAN z naslovom"Znanstvene politike Evropske unije – Spodbujanje odličnosti ob integracijinačela enakosti spolov", ki je osvetlilo položaj znanstvenic v sedanjih državahčlanicah EU, je to poročilo rezultat ene od smernic akcijskega načrta Oddelkaza znanost in družbo pri Evropski komisiji, ki stremi k spodbujanju enakostispolov v znanosti na širšem območju Evrope.
pi The Enwise (Enlarge Women In Scienceto East) Expert Group waschaired by Professor Ene Ergma and its members are senior women scientists from different disciplines, representing academies of sciences, universities, research institutes and administration, as well as business.
Strokovni skupini Enwise (Enlarge Women In Science to East – Razširite ženskev znanosti na vzhod), sestavljeni iz uglednih znanstvenic na različnih področjih,predstavnic akademij znanosti, univerz, raziskovalnih ustanov, upravnih organovin podjetniškega sektorja, je predsedovala prof. dr. Ene Ergma.
pi This report investigates the situation of women scientists in the Enwisecountries , providing an insight into the situation from a historical, as wellas a contemporary perspective.
Poročilo, ki je pred vami, analizira položaj znanstvenic v državah Enwise1inponuja pregled zgodovinskih in tekočih dogodkov na tem zemljepisnemobmočju.
It makes recommendations to a series ofstakeholders: the Commission, the European Parliament, the Enwisecountries, as well as the current EU Member States and organisations thateducate, fund and employ scientists.
Poročilo vsebuje tudi priporočila zainteresiranim akterjem: Evropskikomisiji, Evropskemu parlamentu, državam Enwise in sedanjim državamčlanicam Evropske unije, kakor tudi organizacijam, ki izobražujejo, financirajoin zaposlujejo znanstvenike.
pi During precommunist times, the position of women in these countriesevolved in similar patterns to that in Western countries.
V predkomunističnem obdobju se je položaj žensk v državah Enwise razvijalpodobno kot v državah zahodne Evrope.
However, theprocess was accelerated by political events, which led to the establishmentof women’s suffrage rights, their representation in public administrationand the coeducation of children prior to that in Western Europe.
Politični dogodki pa so pospešili taproces in botrovali dodelitvi volilne pravice ženskam, zastopanosti žensk v javniupravi in njihovi udeležbi pri izobraževanju otrok pred podobnimi pridobitvamiv zahodni Evropi.
pi The report highlights the influence of the specific gender policy implemented in these countries during the communist regime, characteristics ofwhich included the equal right to and the obligation of full- time employment, as well as access to education regardless of gender.
Poročilo poudarja pomen specifične politike do spolov, ki so jo države Enwise1 izvajale v komunističnem režimu.
Furthermore,this policy was supplemented by the availability of childcare facilities,legal protection and state support for the working mother.
Zanjo so bile med drugim značilni pravicain obveznost do zaposlitve s polnim delovnim časom kot tudi enak dostop doizobraževanja ne glede na spol.
However, thisformal gender equality was achieved and sustained through political censorship, and the suppression of women’s movements and freedom ofspeech.
Države so politiko do spolov podpirale tudizdostopnostjo ustanov, namenjenih varstvu otrok, s pravnim varstvom inzoblikami državne podpore za zaposlene matere.
In addition, the system perpetuated horizontal and vertical segregation in all areas of employment (including the higher education andresearch sectors).
Poleg tega je sistem ohranjeval takohorizontalno kot vertikalno segregacijo na vseh področjih zaposlovanja (vključnoz visokošolskim izobraževanjem ter razvojno in raziskovalno dejavnostjo).
kg407785_001 13/07/04 12:49 Page 7 pi The transition period has led to the restructuring of the research systemsin the Enwise countries and can generally be characterised by the sharpdecline in funding allocated to science, the decrease of the research population and the disappearance of the military and associated industries.Even though this change affected male and female scientists equally, theconsequences of the transition have left women scientists in a more vulnerable situation.
ph605336_001 8/09/06 11:09 Page 7 prizadele znanstvenike obeh spolov v enaki meri, so posledice tranzicijeustvarile razmere, znotraj katerih so se znanstvenice znašle v bolj ranljivempoložaju.
pi The prospects of young female scientists are very bleak due to the unavailability of funding, the rigid patterns of promotion and recognition, andthe lack of appropriate welfare policies, all of which are potential causesof brain drain.
Obeti za prihodnost mladih znanstvenic so zelo slabi zaradi pomanjkanjadenarja, togih sistemov napredovanja in nagrajevanja, kakor tudi zaradipomanjkanja ustreznih socialnovarstvenih politik. Omenjene težave so hkratipotencialni razlog za beg možganov.
pi Although there are higher proportions of women among researchers in the Enwise countries than there are among the current 15 Member States, adeeper analysis of the economic situation reveals that women tend to bebetter represented in the countries with the smallest research populations;that they have also constituted the majority of the highly-qualified workforce for a long time, and that there is therefore a greater likelihood thatthey will be employed in knowledge-intensive domains.
Čeprav je v državah Enwise delež žensk med raziskovalci večji kot v sedanjih15 državah članicah, pa temeljitejša analiza gospodarskega položaja pokaže,da je zastopanost žensk v znanosti večja predvsem v državah z manjšimskupnim številom znanstvenikov; da ženske že dalj časa predstavljajo večinovisoko izobražene delovne sile in da je zato večja verjetnost, da se bodozaposlile v sektorjih, ki močno temeljijo na znanju.
pi However, demographics are not the only explanation.
Predstavljenih razmer zagotovo ne moremo razložiti zgolj na podlagidemografskih podatkov.
This report showsthat even in the countries where the overall presence of women and menas researchers is fairly balanced, there are gender differences in the concentrations across the various R & D sectors and fields of science, wherebywomen are squeezed out of competitive, high-expenditure R & D systems,but absorbed into struggling lowexpenditure systems as a kind of back-uphuman resource.
Poročilo kaže, da celo v državah, kjer je zastopanostznanstvenic in znanstvenikov približno uravnotežena, obstajajo razlikevzastopanosti med spoloma v različnih raziskovalnih in razvojnih sektorjihter na znanstvenih področjih, saj so ženske odrinjene od konkurenčnih, visokoproračunskih razvojnih in raziskovalnih sistemov in so potisnjenevproblematične nizko proračunske sisteme, kjer jim je dodeljena vlogo"podpornega" osebja.
pi This report also provides some powerful insights into the day-to-dayworking situations of women scientists in the Enwise countries.
Pričujoče poročilo ponuja tudi vpogled v vsakdanje razmere, v katerih delajoznanstvenice v državah Enwise.
Womenare still under-represented at the top positions in academies of sciencesand in universities.
Ženske so še vedno premalo zastopane nanajvišjih vodilnih položajih v akademijah znanosti in na univerzah.
Women constitute the majority of teaching staff(54%), but tend to be concentrated in the lower academic positions.Furthermore, despite the fact that women’s participation among university staff is similar to their presence as researchers, men are three times morelikely to reach senior academic positions than women.
Ženske sicerpredstavljajo večino učiteljskega kadra (54 %), vendar jih je največ na nižjihakademskih položajih.
pi Scientists from the Enwise countries have been associated to the EUResearch Framework Programmes since the beginning of the 1990s. Since the launch of the 5th
Navzlic dejstvu, da je delež žensk v skupnem številuuniverzitetnih delavcev podoben deležu raziskovalk, pa imajo moški trikratvečje možnosti, da dosežejo visoke akademske položaje.
Programme, they have been considered as equal partners to their counterparts from the EU-15.
Neustrezno financiranje, neprimerna infrastruktura in zastarela oprema v državah Enwise so dejavniki, ki zavirajo razvoj raziskovalnih skupnosti,zlasti na področjih z nizkimi izdatki za raziskovanje in razvoj.
However, despite the great interest in theseactivities on the part of women scientists, their skills are used essentially insupport activities rather than in the monitoring of the Framework Programme or advisory work.
Ker so tovglavnem področja, ki zaposlujejo velik delež znanstvenic, obstaja za slednjevečje tveganje, da bodo prikrajšane za priložnosti na področju raziskav. Zatoje treba olajšati dostop do boljše infrastrukture, ki zagotavlja zanesljive inredno posodobljene informacije.
pi The lack of consistent data on the distribution of men and women in science at all levels of the hierarchy, together with the lack of research onwomen in scienceissues in the Enwise countries are a key hindrance ingender mainstreaming.
Pomanjkanje natančnih podatkov o deležih moških in žensk v znanosti navseh hierarhičnih ravneh je ključna ovira pri uravnoteževanju zastopanostispolov.
The availability of sexdisaggregated data andmonitoring of the position of women in science at national level needs tobe systematised in order to promote gender equality in all private andpublic research institutions of the Enwise countries.
Da bi pospešili enakost med spoloma v vseh zasebnih in javnihraziskovalnih ustanovah v državah Enwise, je treba sistematizirati razpoložljivostspolno ločenih podatkov in spremljanje položaja žensk v znanosti na nacionalniravni.
pi Finally, there is a need to build a consensus for further action to advancethe agenda for women in science in the Enwise countries.
Končno je tu še potreba po doseganju soglasja glede nadaljnjih ukrepov zakrepitev položaja žensk v znanosti v državah Enwise.
This shouldinvolve the Commission, the European Parliament (in particular once newmembers from the Enwise countries have joined) and the Council, as wellas politicians and organisations in the Enwise countries.
V oblikovanje tovrstnihukrepov bi morali biti vključeni Evropska komisija, Evropski parlament (zlastiob vstopu tistih novih držav članic, ki so trenutno vključene v program Enwise,v Evropsko unijo) in Evropski svet, kakor tudi politiki in organizacije v državah Enwise.
A strong partnership is also required with the current EU Member States.
Potrebno je tudi tesno partnersko povezovanje s sedanjimi državamičlanicami EU.
Last but definitely not least, women scientists of the Enwise countries must play theirpart if they are to take their full place and role in the European Research Area.
Na koncu je treba poudariti, da morajo tudi znanstvenicevdržavah Enwise odigrati svojo vlogo, če naj dobijo položaj in vlogo, ki jimpripadata v Evropskem raziskovalnem prostoru.
This report puts the women and scienceissue into a new perspective, thatof a wider Europe.
Pričujoče poročilo postavlja ženske in znanost v novo luč in v nov okvir, okvirširše Evrope.
At the eve of the most significant enlargement in the European integration history, women scientists from the Enwise1 countries speak out in order to fully contribute to the European Research Area.
Na predvečer najpomembnejše širitve v zgodovini evropskega povezovanja so znanstvenice iz držav Enwise1 spregovorile, da bi dale svoj doprinos k Evropskemu raziskovalnemu prostoru.
From 1 May 2004, new countries will join the European Union.
1. maja 2004 se bodo Evropski uniji pridružile nove države.
In thiscontext, it is important to take action to enhance further transformationof values and attitudes, both in the current and new Member States.
Zato je trebaukrepati, da bomo še nadalje krepili preoblikovanje vrednot in odnosov, takov sedanjih kot v novih državah članicah.
Thefact that EU research policy opened its programmes and activities as early as the beginning of the 1990s will, of course, help to smooth the way.
Dejstvo, da je raziskovalna politika EU odprla svoje duri in razširila svoje programe in dejavnosti že v začetku 90-ih let dvajsetega stoletja, bo seveda prehod malce olajšalo.
This report is an important contribution to this process.
Pričujoče poročilo je pomemben prispevek k celotnemu procesu.
It reveals thelarge proportion of highly qualified women scientists who are currentlyworking in the research institutions of the Enwise countries in very poorconditions, representing a real waste of talents for both their national scientific communities and the European Research Area.
Razkrivanam, da visok odstotek visokoizobraženih znanstvenic, ki delajo v raziskovalnihustanovah v državah Enwise v izredno slabih pogojih, predstavlja pravo izgubonadarjenih umov tako za njihovo znanstveno srenjo kot za Evropski raziskovalniprostor.
Should the situation not be improved, there is the additional risk thatthese underutilised skills will have a negative impact on the younger generation and deter them from entering science, which is something that European research cannot afford…
Če se stanje ne bo izboljšalo, obstaja tveganje, da bo neizkoriščenost njihovihznanj negativno vplivala na mlajšo generacijo in jo odvrnila od znanosti, tegapa si evropska raziskovalna dejavnost preprosto ne more privoščiti ...
The gender equality issue is a complex one.
Enakost spolov je zapleteno vprašanje.
This report helps us to understand how it has been shaped in the Enwise countries.
Poročilo pred nami nam pomagarazumeti, kako se je enakost oblikovala v državah Enwise.
It shows that whileformal legislation is an absolutely necessary condition, it is not sufficientto guarantee equality.
Kaže nam, dazakonodaja, ki nedvomno ostaja nujnost, sama po sebi enakosti ne morezagotoviti.
The report also calls for changes in mentalities andin working conditions.
Poročilo je obenem tudi poziv k spremembi mentalitete in delovnihpogojev.
Institutions have a role to play in supporting orencouraging these changes, by questioning norms, setting new standards,monitoring progress in order to allow women scientists to take full advantage of and contribute to the European Research Area.
Naloga ustanov je, da potrebne spremembe spodbujajo in jih podpirajo,da presojajo obstoječe norme, postavljajo nove standarde, spremljajo napredekin tako znanstvenicam omogočajo, da v celoti izkoristijo prednosti Evropskegaraziskovalnega prostora in vanj prispevajo po svojih zmožnostih.
The Enwise countries are Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary,Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia.
Države Enwise so Bolgarija, Češkarepublika, Estonija, Latvija, Litva,Madžarska, Poljska, Romunija, Slovaškarepublika in Slovenija.
I want to congratulate and thank the Enwise Expert Group, and in particular Ene Ergma, for this report.
Želel bi čestitati skupini strokovnjakinj Enwise in se jim vsem, še posebej pa Eni Ergma, zahvaliti za nastalo poročilo.
I will encourage a wide debate aroundit and examine its recommendations carefully.
Sam bom podprl širšo razpravoopredstavljenih temah in skrbno preučil podana priporočila.
But gender equality in European scientific research will only become a reality, if action followsdebate: may I invite each reader to reflect upon what she or he can do inthis respect and then to take appropriate action!
Vendar pa boenakost spolov v evropskem znanstvenoraziskovalnem delu postala resničnostšele takrat, ko se bodo besede prelevile v dejanja, zato vsakemu bralcu polagamna srce, naj razmisli, kaj lahko stori, in ukrepa!
In 1998 the European Commission’s Research Directorate-General set upa first expert group on women in science.
Leta 1998 je generalni direktorat za raziskave pri Evropski komisiji ustanovilprvo strokovno skupino o ženskah v znanosti.
The resulting excellent ETANreport “Science policies in the European Union - Promoting excellencethrough mainstreaming gender equality” demonstrated clearly that “the European Union should ensure that women scientists have an equal right toenjoy advantages that a scientific career can offer and to be involved in decision making on research priorities”.
Skupina je v izjemnem poročilu ETAN z naslovom "Znanstvene politike Evropske unije – Spodbujanje odličnostiz uveljavljanjem enakosti spolov" (Science Policies in the European Union –Promoting Excellence through Mainstreaming Gender Equality)jasno pokazala,da "bi morala Evropska unija znanstvenicam zagotoviti enako pravico douživanja prednosti, ki jih lahko prinese kariera v znanosti, in do soodločanjao prednostnih nalogah raziskovalne dejavnosti."
On 1 May 2004, eight Enwise countries will become Member States of the European Union, whereas Bulgaria and Romania are meant to join in2007.
1. maja 2004 bo osem držav Enwise prešlo med države članice Evropske unije,medtem ko se bosta Bolgarija in Romunija EU pridružili leta 2007.
Are they ready to become members of the European Union?
Ali so tedržave pripravljene na članstvo v Evropski uniji?
We arejustified in answering yes, because they fulfilled all the requirements set bythe EU.
Z vso pravico lahko navprašanje odgovorimo pritrdilno, saj so izpolnile vse obveznosti, ki jim jih jenaložila EU.
But are the citizens from our postcommunist societies ready toaccept and support any national policy promoting gender equality andgender mainstreaming?
Toda ali so državljani teh postkomunističnih družb pripravljenisprejeti in podpreti kakršnokoli nacionalno politiko, ki bo spodbujala enakostspolov in integracijo načela enakosti spolov?
During communist times, we used to think that we were formally equal,because women and men had been formally given the same rights.
V komunističnih časih smo mislili, da smo formalno enakopravni, ker so bilemoškim in ženskam formalno dane enake pravice.
But wasthis really the case?
Pa je bilo res tako?
Many scientists in our countries, myself included, hadnever thought about gender issues as a problem.
Številniznanstveniki iz naših držav, vključno z menoj, niso nikoli pomislili, dapredstavlja vprašanje enakosti spolov problem.
It seems that we hadburied this question at the very back of our minds.
Vse kaže, da smo ga zakopalina samo dno naše zavesti.
After careful examination, however, we can see that in our countries weare facing similar problems as in the current EU Member States: mendominate the higher academic and research positions.
Ko pa vzamemo stvari pod drobnogled, ugotovimo, da se v naših državahsrečujemo z enakimi težavami kot države članice EU: moški so tisti, ki so nanajvišjih akademskih in raziskovalnih položajih.
But because of ourspecific history, at least one difference can be highlighted: if formal gender equality has been legally pronounced to comply with EU requirements, there is still a long way to go - with nuances from one country toanother - until it will be implemented in practical terms.
Zaradi naše posebne zgodovinepa lahko poudarimo vsaj eno razliko: čeprav velja, da je formalna enakostspolov v skladu z zahtevami EU, nas čaka še dolga pot – z določenimi razlikamimed posameznimi državami –, preden se bo izvajala v praksi.
In our countries,legal changes in favour of gender equality are still often met with highresistance.
V naših državahzakonske spremembe, ki govorijo v prid enakosti spolov, pogosto naletijo namočan odpor.
In our maledominated national parliaments, the resistance togender equality is still stronger.
Ta je še posebej močan v naših državnih zborih, v katerihprevladujejo moški.
Gender equality is sometimes even felt asdiscrimination against men!
Še več, včasih enakost spolov doživljajo celo kotdiskriminacijo moških!