natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Fisheries and aquaculture in Europe is published five times a year and it is also available on the Maritime Affairs and Fisheries DG website: http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/publications/magazine_en.htm Editor: European Commission, Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, Director-General.Disclaimer: Whilst the Maritime Affairs and Fisheries DG is responsible for the overall production of this magazine, it is not responsible for the accuracy, content or views expressed within particular articles.
Ribištvo in ribogojstvo v Evropi izide petkrat letno, prav tako pa je na voljo na spletni strani Generalnega direktorata za pomorske zadeve in ribištvo (http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/publications/magazine_en.htm). Odgovorni urednik: Evropska komisija, Generalni direktorat za pomorske zadeve in ribištvo, generalni direktor.Klavzula o izključitvi odgovornosti: Čeprav je Generalni direktorat za pomorske zadeve in ribištvo odgovoren za splošno realizacijo pričujoče revije, Komisija ni kakor koli niti sprejela niti potrdila stališč, izraženih v tej publikaciji.
Towards a long-term fisheries management policy
Za politiko dolgoročnega upravljanja ribištva
The Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) was reformed in 2002 to strengthen Community action in support of sustainable fisheries. The idea was to tackle overfishing, which had come to pose an increasing threat to stocks.
Skupna ribiška politika (SRP) je bila prenovljena leta 2002, da bi okrepili delovanje Skupnosti v korist trajnostnega ribolova, s tem ko bi odpravili prelov, ki je vedno bolj ogrožal staleže.
The key components of the problems affecting the fisheries sector were already apparent at the time: overcapacity of the fishing fleet, weakened stocks and ecosystems, growing difficulty for fishermen to turn a profit on their work tool.
Že takrat so bile zelo opazne glavne težave, ki prizadenejo svet ribištva: presežna zmogljivost ribiških flot, oslabljeni staleži in ekosistemi, vse večje težave ribičev, da bi imeli dobiček od svojih delovnih orodij.
Real progress has been made as a result of the 2002 reform.
S to reformo je bil dosežen velik napredek.
The introduction of long-term planning, notably recovery plans for very vulnerable stocks, has already produced visible results in some cases.
Uvedba dolgoročnejšega načrtovanja, zlasti načrtov obnovitve zelo oslabljenih staležev, je že dala vidne rezultate pri nekaterih staležih.
The principle of fisheries management based on maximum sustainable yield (MSY) rather than shortterm considerations was adopted (1).
Sprejeto je bilo načelo upravljanja staležev, ki temelji na največjem trajnostnem donosu in manj na kratkoročnih premislekih (1).
Regional Advisory Councils have been put in place to involve all stakeholders in decision-making, so that decisions are better adapted to the realities on the ground and applied more effectively.
Vzpostavitev regionalnih svetovalnih svetov omogoča vključevanje vseh zainteresiranih strani v sprejemanje odločitev, ki so zato bolje prilagojene stvarnosti na terenu in se tudi učinkoviteje izvajajo.
Headway can also be seen in efforts to curb illegal fishing and discards, the Community Fisheries Control Agency was created, and so on.
Napredek je bil opažen tudi v boju proti nezakonitemu ribolovu in zavržkom, ustanovljena je bila Agencija Skupnosti za nadzor ribištva itd.
But the fact remains that the situation has yet to evolve satisfactorily.
Vendar je treba ugotoviti: stanje se še ni dovolj izboljšalo.
Fishing fleets are still in overcapacity, which makes it particularly hard to implement measures to reduce pressure on stocks.
Ribiške flote so še vedno preveč zmogljive, kar zelo otežuje izvajanje ukrepov za zmanjšanje pritiska na staleže.
Controls are inadequate, not well adapted or too piecemeal to create a climate of compliance with rules in the sector.
Nadzor je nezadosten, neprilagojen ali preveč razpršen, da bi v sektorju ustvarili razpoloženje za spoštovanje pravil.
The economic profitability of fishing is threatened precisely because of this overcapacity and its effect on stocks, which explains why the recent increase in fuel prices dealt such a strong blow to the fisheries sector.
Rezultat: ribolovna dejavnost se zaradi te presežne zmogljivosti in njenih učinkov na staleže srečuje z resnimi težavami ekonomske donosnosti, kar pojasnjuje, zakaj je nedavno zvišanje cen goriva tako močno učinkovalo na ribiški sektor.
To respond promptly to these structural problems, the Commission prefers to launch the reflection process now, ahead of the thorough CFP revision set for 2012.
Da bi lahko hitro odgovorila na te strukturne težave, želi Komisija takoj začeti pripravljalno razmišljanje o temeljiti reviziji SRP, ki se bo končala leta 2012.
Why start the reflection and consultation process today?
Zakaj je treba zdaj začeti ta proces razmišljanja in posvetovanja?
First, because it is urgent to act more effectively in the interest of the CFP’s objectives.
Nato, izkušnje šestih let izvajanja reformirane SRP kažejo, kaj deluje in kaj ne, in torej omogočajo takojšnje izboljšanje uspeha SRP.
Next, the experience over the last six years with application of the reformed CFP makes it possible to realise what works and what does not and therefore to improve the CFP’s performance without delay.
Nazadnje, nedavna vzpostavitev celostne pomorske politike Evropske unije je nov pomemben okvir za zagotavljanje večje skladnosti med SRP in drugimi politikami Skupnosti, ki vplivajo na trajnostni razvoj morij in oceanov.
Lastly, the recent creation of the European Union’s integrated maritime policy provides an important new framework to guarantee greater consistency between the CFP and other Community policies having an impact on the sustainable development of oceans and seas.
Komisija je prav zaradi te želje po hitrem ukrepanju že zdaj predlagala reformo nadzora ribištva, ki ni mogla več čakati in ki jo obravnavamo v tej številki. Ne da bi to vplivalo na potrebna razmišljanja in posvetovanja, bo revidirana SRP nedvomno omogočila politiko upravljanja staležev, ki bo še bolj kot danes temeljila na dolgoročnih načrtih.
In the interests of the sector, the revised CFP has to establish a clear hierarchy of priorities, placing ecological sustainability above all others as a fundamental condition for economic and social sustainability.
Revidirana SRP bo morala torej v interesu sektorja nujno določiti prednostni red nalog, pri čemer bo najpomembnejša ekološka trajnost kot ključni pogoj ekonomske in socialne trajnosti.
(1) A policy of maximum sustainable yield is based on a management system that allows catches of the largest amount of fish possible every year without endangering the catches of following years.
(1) Politika največjega trajnostnega donosa pomeni vzpostavitev sistema upravljanja, ki omogoča, da se vsako leto ulovi največja možna količina rib, ne da bi to škodilo ulovu v naslednjih letih.
The reform of the control system includes focusing a larger part of inspections on the supply chain ashore, but without neglecting inspections at sea which remain vital. The aim is to ensure continuous control, from the net to the plate.
Reforma nadzora predvideva preusmeritev večjega dela inšpekcijskih pregledov h kopenskemu delu industrije, ne da bi se zanemarili inšpekcijski pregledi na morju, ki bodo ostali nujno potrebni, da se zagotovi stalen nadzor od mreže do krožnika.
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Without an effective control system, rules cannot produce the anticipated effects. This is the predicament of the Common Fisheries Policy.
Pravila brez učinkovitega nadzora ne morejo imeti pričakovanih učinkov: tako je zdaj stanje skupne ribiške politike.
Despite all the measures taken over the years, the state of the resource is increasingly alarming and the sector is plagued by serious economic difficulties.
Kljub že pred leti sprejetim ukrepom je stanje virov vedno bolj skrb zbujajoče, sektor pa je v hudih gospodarskih težavah.
One cause of this situation is the lack of sufficiently effective controls and dissuasive sanctions for those who break the rules.
Eden od razlogov za tako stanje je pomanjkanje dovolj učinkovitega nadzora in odvračalnih kazni za tiste, ki kršijo pravila.
The European Commission aims to put an end to this state of affairs with its proposal for a new regulation on control and inspection.
Evropska komisija želi to stanje odpraviti s predlogom nove uredbe na področju nadzora in inšpekcijskih pregledov.
No 41 data, non-compliance with rules on minimum catch sizes and unlawful discards: all these practices have damaging effects on the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), which aims to create the conditions for sustainable fisheries.
Št serije, standardom neustrezne mreže, presežene kvote, ponarejeni evidentirani podatki, neupoštevanje pravil o največji velikosti ulova, nezakoniti zavržki: toliko kršitev, ki imajo škodljive posledice za skupno ribiško politiko (SRP), katere cilj je ustvariti pogoje za trajnostni ribolov.
Many fish stocks have dropped below the biological limits that guarantee their renewal, the fishing fleet is too big for available resources and restriction measures must be taken to protect stocks and guarantee sustainable fisheries.
Številni staleži rib so pod varnimi biološkimi mejami, ki jim omogočajo obnavljanje, in evropska ribiška flota je prevelika za razpoložljive vire, zato je treba sprejeti omejevalne ukrepe za ohranjanje staležev in zagotavljanje trajnostnega ribolova.
That is why fleet reduction, quotas, recovery plans, long-term stock management and technical measures are all essential actions.
Zato so zmanjšanje flote, kvote, načrti obnovitve, dolgoročno upravljanje staležev, tehnični ukrepi … nujni ukrepi.
Inspection and control as implemented to date have detected only a small fraction of fraudulent practices.
Z izvajanjem inšpekcijskih pregledov in nadzora je mogoče zdaj odkriti samo majhen del goljufij.
That is the conclusion reached by the European Commission in a report dated April 2007 on follow-up of the Member States’ implementation of the Common Fisheries Policy.
To je ugotovitev Evropske komisije v poročilu iz aprila 2007 o spremljanju izvajanja skupne ribiške politike v državah članicah.
This analysis was confirmed by the European Court of Auditors in its report on data collection, control and implementation under the CFP, published last October (2).
To analizo je Evropsko računsko sodišče potrdilo v poročilu o zbiranju podatkov, nadzoru in izvajanju SRP, objavljenem oktobra 2007 (2).
However, the race for immediate profits pushes some fishermen to disregard the rules and restrictions put in place.
Vendar nekateri ribiči v prizadevanju za takojšen dobiček ne upoštevajo vzpostavljenih pravil in omejitev.
In 2006, inspectors from the different Member States detected 10 362 serious infringements (1) by European vessels.
Nadzorniki različnih držav članic so leta 2006 odkrili 10 362 resnih kršitev (1), ki so jih storila evropska plovila. Nedovoljene ribolovne dejavnosti, neprijavljene ribolovne
(1) Reports from Member States on behaviours which seriously infringed the rules of the Common Fisheries Policy in 2006.(2) Special Report No 7/2007 on the control, inspection and sanction systems relating to the rules on conservation of Community fisheries resources, together with the Commission’s replies.
(1) Poročila iz držav članic glede načinov ravnanja, ki so resno kršila pravila Skupne ribiške politike v letu 2006.(2) Posebno poročilo št. 7/2007 o sistemih nadzora, inšpekcijskih pregledov in kazni v zvezi s pravili za ohranjanje ribolovnih virov Skupnosti z odgovori Komisije.
To have a good grasp of the situation, it has to be clear from the start that it is the Member States’ responsibility to carry out controls and inspections and to enforce CFP rules.
Da bi bolje razumeli položaj, je treba najprej pojasniti, da so države članice odgovorne za zagotavljanje izvajanja nadzora in inšpekcijskih pregledov ter izvajanje pravil SRP.
Until now, they have had total freedom in the organisation of inspections and the nature of the sanctions imposed for violations.
Do zdaj so imele popolnoma proste roke pri organizaciji inšpekcijskih pregledov in so lahko same določale, kakšne kazni bodo uporabljale za kršitve.
The lack of coordination between the inspection services of the different States also leaves the door wide open to fraudsters: in no case do inspectors from a given country have access to data registered by the other Member States (catches landed in another country, VMS positions of foreign vessels before they enter the waters of the inspecting country, etc.).
V državah članicah je pogosto premalo inšpektorjev. Poleg tega morajo pogosto opravljati različne naloge, tako da za nadzor ribolovnih dejavnosti namenijo samo del svojega časa.
However, the Commission and the Court of Auditors have observed that national catch registration, control and inspection systems leave a lot to be desired.
V vodah Skupnosti je verjetnost, da bo na ribiškem plovilu opravljen inšpekcijski pregled na morju, manjša od 1%, torej je verjetnost, da bo inšpektor navzoč ob storitvi goljufije, zelo majhna.
Basic data are incomplete and unreliable and vary between the member states, which makes it impossible to ensure a fair and effective control and sanctions policy.
Standardi, postopki in prakse se razlikujejo tudi od države do države, kar ustvarja pravno negotovost in možnost, da se gospodarski subjekti pritožujejo nad diskriminatornimi praksami.
Of course the Commission’s inspectors cover the length and breadth of the European Union to ensure that regulations are being enforced.
Vendar sta Komisija in Računsko sodišče ugotovila, da vsebujejo nacionalni sistemi evidentiranja, nadzora in inšpekcijskih pregledov številne pomanjkljivosti.
But they are few in number and their role has so far been limited to‘inspecting the inspectors’, i.e. ensuring that the national services meet their obligations, without being empowered to intervene directly in a given situation or to impose sanctions themselves.
Osnovni podatki so nepopolni in nezanesljivi ter se spreminjajo po posameznih državah članicah, kar ne omogoča zagotavljanja pravične in učinkovite politike nadzora in kazni.
Inaccurate registration data
Nenatančni evidentirani podatki
Where sanctions are imposed, they vary widely in amount but the average is only EUR 1 548 in the European Union, a level that is hardly dissuasive (4).
Seveda inšpektorji Komisije potujejo po Evropski uniji, da zagotavljajo izvajanje uredb.
The total amount spent by the fisheries sector on sanctions is equal to around two thousandths (5) of landing value. This low level allows fraudsters to treat such sanctions like ordinary operating costs.
Vendar je bila do zdaj njihova vloga, ker jih je premalo, omejena na„nadzor nadzornikov“, kar pomeni, da so zagotavljali, da so nacionalne službe upoštevale svoje obveznosti, vendar niso mogli neposredno posegati v položaj niti sami izrekati kazni.
The Commission therefore launched a public consultation on how to improve and strengthen the CFP control system.
Sistem celotnih dovoljenih ulovov (TAC) in kvot že po naravi zahteva zanesljiv sistem evidentiranja: sistem ne more biti zanesljiv brez natančnih podatkov o iztovorih.
In their submissions, many stakeholders clearly took a stand in favour of reforming the inspection and control system.
V tej fazi so ugotovljene naslednje napake: ni obveznosti tehtanja, rok za izročitev deklaracij je predolg, tako da ima ribič dovolj časa, da izve, ali bo pri njem opravljen inšpekcijski pregled, preden bo izpolnil deklaracijo, dovoljeno odstopanje na deklaracijah je 20%, v statističnih podatkih v nekaterih državah se ne upošteva del flote ali ribolovnega območja itd.
A new proposal for a regulation was presented to the Council of Ministers in November.
Na splošno Računsko sodišče meni, da „[z]akonodajni okvir in veljavni postopki ne zagotavljajo niti izčrpnosti zbranih podatkov, niti odkrivanja nepravilnosti med njihovim potrjevanjem.
Its broad outlines are presented below.
Komisija na splošno tudi ne more ugotoviti napak in nepravilnosti pri podatkih, ki jih pošljejo države članice“.
Inspectors and coordination are lacking
Opravljeni inšpekcijski pregledi ne izpolnjujejo nobenega merila, ki bi bilo skupno državam članicam, in na splošno ne zadostujejo za zagotavljanje odvračalnega učinka.
The Member States often do not have enough inspectors.
Da bi se pravila lahko izvajala, se morajo odvračalne kazni uporabljati za resne kršitve, kadar so te ugotovljene.
What is more, their inspectors sometimes perform a variety of tasks and can only spend part of their time controlling fishing activities.
Vendar se zdaj ne izvaja noben usklajen sistem kazni.
In Community waters, the likelihood of a fishing vessel being inspected at sea is less than 1%, so the chance of an inspector being present when a fraudulent act is committed is negligible.
V nekaterih državah se za 90% ugotovljenih kršitev ni izrekla kazen, ampak samo opozorilo.
Inspectors do not always have a VMS (3) terminal allowing the detection of vessel movements by satellite.
Zelo malo kršitev je evidentiranih v podatkovnih zbirkah in organi neke države ne morejo upoštevati kršitev, ugotovljenih v drugi državi članici, ker ni izmenjave informacij med državami članicami.
Standards, procedures and uses also vary from one State to another, creating legal uncertainty and the possibility for operators to complain about discriminatory practices.
Poleg tega so kazni, kadar se izrečejo, zelo različne, vendar je njihovo povprečje v Evropski uniji samo 1 548 EUR, kar ima šibak odvračalni učinek (4).
The first line of action is the creation of a new common approach to control and inspection.
Skupni znesek, ki ga ribiški sektor porabi za naložene kazni, je enak približno dvema tisočinkama (5) vrednosti iztovora.
On the other hand, it means organising inspection and control in a strategic way based on
Zaradi teh nizkih zneskov lahko goljufi te morebitne kazni štejejo za običajen tekoči strošek podjetja.
(3) Vessel Monitoring System: all fishing vessels over 15 metres in length must be fitted with this equipment.(4) Reports from Member States on behaviours which seriously infringed the rules of the Common Fisheries Policy in 2006.(5) Reports from Member States on behaviours which seriously infringed the rules of the Common Fisheries Policy in 2004 (COM/2006/0387).
(3) Vessel Monitoring System, satelitski sistem spremljanja plovil: vsako ribiško plovilo, daljše od 15 metrov, mora biti opremljeno s tem sistemom.(4) Poročila iz držav članic glede načinov ravnanja, ki so resno kršila pravila Skupne ribiške politike v letu 2006.(5) Poročila držav članic o načinih vedenja, ki resno kršijo pravila skupne ribiške politike, za leto 2004 (COM/2006/0387).
be introduced to protect immature fish; specific controls will be introduced to monitor engine power as a way of limiting overcapacity of the fishing fleet; and sport fishing, which has an increasing impact on stocks, will be covered by specific measures
Komisija je torej začela javno posvetovanje o tem, kako bi bilo mogoče izboljšati in okrepiti nadzor SRP. Posvetovanje je končano: številne zainteresirane strani so se jasno izrekle za reformo sistema inšpekcijskih pregledov in nadzora.
A culture of compliance with the rules
V nadaljevanju so predstavljene glavne smernice.
The new approach proposed by the Commission is also meant to help build a culture of compliance with the rules by all stakeholders.
Novi skupni pristop k nadzoru in inšpekcijskim pregledom
systematic risk analysis, concentrating control on problematical fisheries and periods, where there is a greater risk of detecting infringements.
Prva os je namenjena oblikovanju novega skupnega pristopa k nadzoru in inšpekcijskim pregledom.
This more rational approach will reside in the use of modern technologies for data collection (in particular via satellite) and sharing: information collected on the ground must be entered into interconnected data bases without delay.
Zajema predvsem preusmeritev večjega dela sredstev, namenjenih za inšpekcijske preglede, h kopenskemu delu industrije, ne da bi se zanemarili inšpekcijski pregledi na morju, ki bodo ostali nujni, da se zagotovi stalen nadzor od mreže do krožnika.
Thanks to systematic cross-checking of information, it should be possible to identify zones where the risk of infringement is particularly high.
To konkretno pomeni, da bo moral po eni strani lastnik ribe v kateri koli fazi industrije (ulov, iztovor, trgovanje z ribami, predelava, prevoz, ribarnica, restavracija) z dokumenti dokazati, da je bil njegov proizvod ulovljen v skladu s predpisi in da izpolnjuje načelo sledljivosti proizvoda, ki že velja na številnih drugih področjih, zlasti v živilski zakonodaji.
The use of these new technologies should also make it possible to simplify administrative formalities for both fishermen and the administrative authorities and should provide a reliable real-time picture of the situation, notably on catches and compliance with quotas.
To po drugi strani pomeni, da bo potrebna strateška organizacija inšpekcijskih pregledov in nadzora glede na sistematično analizo tveganj, tako da bo nadzor osredotočen na problematičen ribolov in obdobja, ko so možnosti za odkritje kršitve največje.
The Commission also proposes a number of measures that take into account developments and needs that have emerged in the framework of control: specific control measures will be taken for protected maritime zones to ensure that they are respected; real-time closing mechanisms for fisheries will
Ta racionalnejši pristop bo temeljil na uporabi sodobnih tehnologij zbiranja (zlasti prek satelita) in skupne uporabe podatkov: podatki, zbrani na terenu, se bodo hitro kodirali v medsebojno povezanih podatkovnih zbirkah.
The Commission therefore sees the need to simplify and streamline the legislative framework.
To bi moralo zaradi sistematičnih navzkrižnih preverjanj podatkov omogočiti opredeljevanje območij, kjer so posebno velika tveganja kršitev.
Its complexity undercuts the CFP’s credibility and legitimacy among operators, which hardly provides incentive to play by the rules commonly imposed.
Uporaba teh novih tehnologij bi morala omogočiti tudi poenostavitev upravnih formalnosti za ribiče in upravne organe ter ponuditi zanesljiv pregled položaja v realnem času, zlasti glede ulovov in upoštevanja kvot.
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A points-based licensing system will be introduced, under which a given number of points will be deducted for every serious infringement. In case of repeated violations, the fishing permit can be suspended or withdrawn.
Vzpostavil se bo sistem„dovoljenj s kazenskimi točkami“: za vsako resno kršitev se bo odvzelo določeno število točk, v primeru ponavljajočih se kršitev pa se bo ribolovno dovoljenje lahko začasno ali celo trajno odvzelo.
The reform foresees the introduction of dissuasive and harmonised sanctions. A list of serious infringements is established, together with a minimum fine applicable in all the Member States.
Poleg tega je predvidena revizija mandata CFCA, ki je začela delovati leti 2007, da bi razširili njeno vlogo na področje nadzora ali uporabe pravil, sprejetih na podlagi SRP (glej članek na strani 10).
Points-based licensing, similar to the system used in many countries for traffic violations, will be introduced: every serious infringement will cost the license holder a certain number of points.
Komisija predlaga tudi nekatere ukrepe, ki upoštevajo razvoj in potrebe, ki so se pojavile pri nadzoru: zaščitena morska območja bodo predmet posebnih ukrepov nadzora za zagotavljanje spoštovanja teh območij; uvedeni bodo mehanizmi prekinitev ribolova v realnem času za zaščito koncentracij nedoraslih organizmov; uvedeni bodo posebni nadzori za spremljanje moči uporabljenih orodij, da bi pripomogli k omejitvi presežne zmogljivosti ribiške flote; športni ribolov, ki ima vedno večji vpliv na staleže, bo predmet posebnih ukrepov.