natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The EU is the largest source of FDI inthe world. In addition, of the major world economies, the EU is the most opento international trade, as shown by openness indicators (see Chart 1).
Sedaj znotraj Evropske unijeobstaja svobodna trgovina, od Arktike do Mediterana; in izvozniki, ki izvažajo v Evropsko unijo, potrebujejo samo eno vhodno točko, da dosežejo celotno Unijo.
• The 1968 customs union removed many barriers between nationaleconomies and increased trade with the rest of the world.
Širitev Evropske unije prinaša večjo rast celini, pa tudi njenim partnerjem po vsemsvetu. EU je največji vir TNI na svetu.
There is nowfree trade within the EU, from the Arctic to the Mediterranean; andexporters to the EU need only one point of entry to reach the entire Union.
Poleg tega je EU med velikimi svetovnimigospodarstvi najbolj odprta za mednarodno trgovanje, kot prikazujejo kazalciodprtosti (glej graf 1).
Unity in diversity is the motto of today’s European Union, which groupstogether 25 different countries with 20 official languages and a rich mix of cultures.
Enotnost v raznolikosti je slogan današnje Evropske unije, ki združuje 25 različnihdržav z 20 uradnimi jeziki in bogato mešanico kultur.
The experience of building the Union has made the EU open to thewider world: for trade, investment and cooperation with other countries.
Izkušnja pri graditvi Unije jepripomogla k temu, da je EU odprta širšemu svetu: za trgovino, investicije in sodelovanje z drugimi državami.
EMUand the euro are creating new opportunities for international partnerships,offering the stability that international trade needs in order to grow, and building on the advantages of the single market.
EMU in evro ustvarjata nove možnosti za mednarodnapartnerstva in ponujata stabilnost, ki jo mednarodna trgovina potrebuje, če želirasti in graditi s prednostmi enotnega trga. Na primer:
Openness to trade of major economies
Odprtost za trgovanje velikih gospodarstev
• In the single market, a foreign company exporting to the EU needs onlyone entry point.
• Z evropskim enotnim trgom, ki je začel veljati leta 1992, so bile svobodnitrgovini odstranjene preostale ovire, kar je vsem omogočilo enake možnosti.Zakonodaja o varstvu potrošnikov in varnosti proizvodov je usklajena.
Exporting goods to Latvia is the same as exporting to thewhole EU.
Kapital,podjetja in osebe se lahko prosto gibljejo po Evropski uniji.
This means reduced costs for the exporter, with the sameimport procedures everywhere and efficient one-stop access to the largesttrading bloc in the world.
Bolj konkurenčnitrgi, kot so trg energije, telekomunikacij in letalskega prometa, prinašajo širšoizbiro za potrošnike, nižje cene in večjo gospodarsko rast.
•The European single market, implemented in 1992, removed theremaining barriers to free trade and levelled the playing field for all.Consumer protection and product safety legislation are harmonised.Capital, companies and people move freely throughout the EU.
•V enotnem trgu potrebuje tuje podjetje, ki izvaža v Evropsko unijo, samo enovhodno točko. Izvažanje blaga v Latvijo je enako kot izvažanje v celotno Evropsko unijo.
Morecompetitive markets, such as energy, telecommunications and air transport, bring wider consumer choice, lower prices and higher economicgrowth.
To pomeni zmanjšane stroške za izvoznika, z istimi uvoznimipostopki povsod, in učinkovit dostop z enim postankom do največjegatrgovinskega bloka na svetu.
•The EU places great importance on consumer and environmental protection in goods and services, and European legislation and standards in thisarea are harmonised across the single market.
•Evropska unija posveča veliko pozornosti varstvu potrošnikov in okolja priblagu in storitvah.
The same legislation appliesto exporters to the Union.
Evropska zakonodaja in standardi na tem področju sousklajeni po vsem enotnem trgu.
An Asian manufacturer of electronic toys needonly meet one set of EU-wide standards.
Ista zakonodaja velja za izvoznike v Unijo.Azijski proizvajalec električnih igračmora izpolnjevati samo en sklop standardov, ki veljajo po vsej Evropski uniji.
In the EU, if a toy is deemedsafe and meets environmental standards in Denmark then it is also considered safe in Greece — wherever it comes from originally.
Če je igrača priznana kot varna in izpolnjuje okoliške standarde na Danskem, potem je prav tako priznana kot varna v Grčiji – ne glede na to, od kod prvotno prihaja.
• While creating the single market, the EU began the process of economicand monetary union (EMU).
• Sočasno z enotnim trgom je Evropska unija začela s procesom graditve Ekonomske in monetarne unije (EMU).
By adopting a common framework for fiscal discipline and multilateral surveillance of Member States’ economicpolicies, national economies converged — laying the foundations for thesingle currency, the euro, in 1999.
S sprejetjem skupnega okvira zafiskalno disciplino in multilateralni nadzor nad ekonomskimi politikami državčlanic so se nacionalna gospodarstva zbližala – s tem je bil postavljen temeljza enotno valuto, evro, leta 1999. Evropska centralna banka sedaj vodi monetarno politiko, da bi ohranila stabilnost cen v območju evra.
The new Member States will also adopt the euro when their economies meet theconditions of convergence.
Nove državečlanice bodo prav tako sprejele evro, ko bodo njihove ekonomije izpolnjevalekonvergenčne kriterije.
•The single market is already very attractive for trading partners because ofits vast scale.
Enotni trg je državljanom EU prinesel več trgovanja, več zaposlitvenih mest in večbogastva.
The stability of the euro makes it even more attractive, lowers the risks of international trade and makes payments more efficientfor all partners.
EMU prinaša gospodarsko moč in stabilnost, ki vodi k še večjim možnostim za rast in blaginjo – tako za Evropsko unijo kot tudi za njene trgovske partnerje po vsem svetu.
The single market brought more trade, more jobs and more wealth to EU citizens.
•Enotni trg je že zelo privlačen za trgovske partnerje zaradi svoje velikosti.Stabilnost evra ga naredi še privlačnejšega, zmanjša tveganja mednarodnetrgovine, prav tako pa so plačila bolj učinkovita za vse partnerje.
EMU brings economic strength and stability which leads to evengreater opportunities for growth and prosperity — both for the European Union and for its trading partners worldwide.
Poleg tega Evropska komisija preprečuje izkrivljanje trgovine in zagotavlja enake pogojeznotraj Evropske unije, ki lahko prav tako koristijo zunanjim trgovskim partnerjem.
The euro in an enlarged European Union
Evro v raz‰irjeni Evropski uniji
From fragmentation to integration
Na poti do skupne valute
A single market…
Enotni trg …
• Since the Treaty of Rome was signed in 1957, a fundamental aim of the European Union hasbeen sustainable economic and social progress, so as to ensure health, wealth and apromising future for Europeans.
• Od podpisa Rimske pogodbe leta 1957 je bil temeljni cilj Evropske unije doseãi trajnostnigospodarski in socialni napredek, ki bi Evropejcem zagotovil zdravje, blagostanje inobetajoão prihodnost.
Closer integration in many policy areas has been vital toachieve this aim.
Za dosego tega cilja je bila bistvena tesnej‰a povezava na mnogihpolitiãnih podroãjih.
The single market, economic and monetary union (EMU), and enlargement toa Europe of 25 are major stepping stones in this process of integration, which has brought realsocial and economic benefits and strengthened the EU in the world.
Enotni trg, ekonomska in monetarna unija (EMU) ter ‰iritev EU na 25 ãlanic so bili glavni koraki v tem procesu, ki je prinesel konkretne socialne in ekonomskekoristi ter okrepil vlogo EU v svetu.
… with a single currency…
… z eno samo valuto …
• The introduction of the euro is a milestone in the development of the Union and the biggest monetary changeoverin history.
• Uvedba evra je mejnik v razvoju Unije in najveãja monetarna sprememba v zgodovini sodobne Evrope.
The euro is the tangible result of EMU.
Evroudejanja ekonomsko in monetarno unijo.
It builds on the success of the single market and contributesgreatly to the economic stability needed for more growth.
Gradi na uspehu enotnega trga in precej prispeva h gospodarskistabilnosti, potrebni za veãjo rast.
It increases competition and innovation, benefitsconsumers and releases resources for other areas such as social welfare and education.
Poveãuje konkurenco in inovacije, koristi potro‰nikom in spro‰ãa sredstva zadruga podroãja, kakor sta socialno varstvo in izobraÏevanje.
It also strengthens Europepolitically and economically.
Poleg tega politiãno in gospodarsko krepi Evropo.
… for a closer Union
… za tesnej‰o Unijo.
• However, EMU is not a one-off event – it is work in progress by the euro-area members, who co-operate oneconomic policy.
• Ekonomska in monetarna unija vsekakor ni enkraten dogodek, temveã je nenehen proces, ki ga ãlanice obmoãjaevra usmerjajo s sodelovanjem v skupni gospodarski politiki.
The new Member States also committed themselves to joining EMU and the euro in their accessiontreaties.
Tudi nove drÏave ãlanice so se v pristopnih pogodbahzavezale, da se bodo pridruÏile ekonomski in monetarni uniji ter prevzele evro.
To do so, they need to align their economies carefully with those of existing members.
Za uspe‰en vstop v obmoãje evramorajo stopnjo razvoja svojih gospodarstev skrbno pribliÏati tisti v trenutnih ãlanicah obmoãja evra.
This economicalignment, known as ‘convergence’, is yet another step on the road to closer EU integration.
Tak‰nogospodarsko pribliÏevanje, ki ga poznamo pod imenom „konvergenca“, je samo ‰e en korak k tesnej‰i povezavi drÏav EU.
The bigger the EU, the greater the benefits
Veãja bo EU, veãje bodo koristi
Through progressive enlargement the EU has gained the benefits of size. The singlemarket is the main catalyst for realising these benefits.
Z nekaj zaporednimi ‰iritvami je velikost obmoãja, ki ga pokriva EU, postala njenavelika konkurenãna prednost, kar se kaÏe predvsem v koristih, ki jih enotni trgprina‰a drÏavam ãlanicam.
Since it was created, intraEU trade has increased massively, generating over 900 billion in extra prosperity,creating 2.5 million additional jobs, boosting foreign investment, and making the EU more competitive in international markets.
Od ustanovitve EU se je trgovina znotraj povezavemoãno poveãala, ustvarjenih je bilo veã kakor 900 milijard evrov dobiãka in 2,5 milijona novih delovnih mest, poveãale so se naloÏbe v tujino, EU pa jepostala bolj konkurenãna na mednarodnih trgih.
Through its contribution to greatereconomic efficiency and stability, the euro, a single currency for the single market, releases even greater benefits: • Society benefits because price stability and low inflation lead to fewer economic worries for consumers, better longterm planning for industry, and increased social cohesion.• Member States’ economic policies benefit through multilateral surveillance and common fiscal discipline, whichprevent gross mistakes.• Consumers and companies benefit because the strength and availability of the euro increases competition amonglenders, thus lowering interest rates. This releases capital for other areas of spending. • Enterprises benefit because with the euro there are no currency exchange risks.
Evro, ki je enotna valuta enotnegatrga in bistveno prispeva k veãji ekonomski uãinkovitosti ter stabilnosti, te koristi ‰e poveãuje:• Zaradi stabilnosti cen in nizke inflacije potro‰nike manj skrbi njihov ekonomski poloÏaj, industriji pa omogoãabolj‰e dolgoroãno naãrtovanje in zagotavlja veãjo socialno kohezijo.• Gospodarskim politikam drÏav ãlanic koristi veãstranski nadzor in proraãunska disciplina.• Potro‰nikom in gospodarskim druÏbam koristi moãan evro, saj to prispeva k veãji konkurenci med posojevalciin k zniÏevanju obrestnih mer.
Thus, the euro reduces the cost ofdoing business across borders and boosts trade.• Industry as a whole benefits because the free movement of capital within the single market encourages cross-borderinvestment, known as foreign direct investment (FDI).
Na ta naãin spro‰ãen kapital se lahko usmeri na druga podroãja.• Podjetjem skupna valuta zniÏuje stro‰ke ãezmejnega poslovanja in spodbuja trgovanje, saj pri poslovanjuznotraj obmoãja evra ni veã tveganj, povezanih z nihanjem menjalnih teãajev.
The euro encourages even more FDI.In 1999, the euro was launched in the 11 founding members of the euro area: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany,Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain.
Z uvedbo evra pridobi celotniindustrijski sektor, saj prosti pretok kapitala, ki ga uvedba skupne valute ‰e bolj spodbudi, precej prispeva k poveãanju neposrednih vlaganj v tujino.Leta 1999 je bil evro uveden v Avstriji, Belgiji, na Finskem, v Franciji, na Irskem, v Italiji, Luksemburgu, Nemãiji, na Nizozemskem, Portugalskem in v ·paniji.
Greece followed in 2001, bringing euro-areamembership to 12 countries.
Leta 2001 se je tem drÏavam pridruÏila tudi Grãija; s tem se je ‰tevilo ãlanicobmoãja evra poveãalo na 12 drÏav. Bankovci in kovanci evra so bili uvedeni 1. januarja 2002.
The euro area currently covers 305 million people of the 451 million in the EU-25, and its size andstability make the euro an attractive international currency. Foreign governments use the euro for borrowing and as areserve currency, taking advantage of its liquidity, convertibility and stability.
Obmoãje evratrenutno zajema 305 milijonov ljudi od skupaj 451 milijonov prebivalcev v EU 25, zaradi velikosti in stabilnosti EU paje evro tudi privlaãna mednarodna valuta. ·tevilne vlade ga uporabljajo kot valuto pri zadolÏevanju in rezervah terizkori‰ãajo njegovo likvidnost, konvertibilnost in stabilnost.
The ten new Member States committed themselves to EMU and the euro as part of their accession treaties.
Deset novih drÏav ãlanic se je v pristopnih pogodbah zavezalo k vstopu v ekonomsko in monetarno unijo ter s tem tudi k uvedbi evra.
They arenow members of EMU ‘with a derogation’ and will adopt the euro when their national economies meet theconvergence criteria.
Te drÏave so zaenkrat ãlanice ekonomske in monetarne unije „z derogacijo“, saj bodosprejele evro ‰ele, ko bodo njihova nacionalna gospodarstva izpolnila maastrichtska merila.
The advantages of the euro will be even more apparent in the new Member States as theireconomies are in transition and EMU will have a greater catalytic effect on growth:• The prospect of accession brought much investment (FDI), mostly from the EU.
Prednosti evra v teh drÏavah bodo ‰e oãitnej‰e, saj so njihova gospodarstva v fazi preoblikovanja in bo imela ekonomska inmonetarna unija veãji spodbujevalni uãinek na rast:• Priãakovanje pristopa je prineslo precej‰nje naloÏbe (neposredna vlaganja v tujino), veãinoma z obmoãja EU.
The euro can help sustain these FDIflows by removing transaction costs and exchange rate risks – maintaining the momentum of growth.• Integration into the euro area can boost both intraEU and foreign trade, not just by removing transaction costs butalso by bringing the stability and credibility of a world economic power to local exporters.
Z izpadom transakcijskih stro‰kov in tveganj, povezanih z deviznim teãajem, lahko evro pomaga vzdrÏevati tokove neposrednih vlaganj v tujino in tako tudi ohranjati gospodarsko rast.• Vkljuãevanje v obmoãje evra lahko poveãa trgovino v EU in zunanjo trgovino, ne le z izpadom transakcijskihstro‰kov, temveã predvsem s stabilnostjo, ki jo EU kot svetovna gospodarska sila zagotavlja lokalnimizvoznikom.
Increased trade will boostemployment and growth.• EMU and the euro will lower the cost of borrowing.
Poveãan obseg trgovanja prispeva tudi k novemu zaposlovanju in gospodarski rasti. • Ekonomska in monetarna unija in evro bosta zmanj‰ala stro‰ke zadolÏevanja.
This makes it easier for local industry to invest in new equipmentand build new factories – leading to improved competitiveness and higher-skilled employment.
Zaradi tega bo lokalna industrija laÏje vlagala v novo opremo in gradnjo novih tovarn, kar bo vodilo k veãji konkurenãnosti in bolje usposobljeni delovni sili.
Convergence with care
Skrbno na poti pribliÏevanja
The new Member States’ economies are growing more quickly than the rest of the EU as they catch up with it.
Nove drÏave ãlanice morajo dosegati vi‰jo stopnjo gospodarske rasti, ãe Ïelijo dohiteti ostale ãlanice EU.
However,problems remain, such as high unemployment and lower productivity.
Najveãji teÏavi pri doseganju tega cilja sta visoka stopnja brezposelnosti in nizka produktivnost.
These will lessen with growth – and entry to theeuro area will help accelerate the catch-up process.
Te teÏave se bodo z rastjozmanj‰evale, vstop v obmoãje evra pa bo pospe‰il sam proces pribliÏevanja.
However, before entry, the new Member States must align theireconomies with the euro area.
Vendar pa morajo nove drÏave ãlanicepred vstopom v EMU stopnjo gospodarskega razvoja pribliÏati sedanjim ãlanicam obmoãja evra.
They must follow policies that lead to convergence in a range of economic indicators –the Maastricht criteria.
Zato morajouveljaviti vrsto gospodarskih politik, ki so usmerjene k izpolnjevanju maastrichtskih meril, tj. nekaterih gospodarskihkazalcev, ki povedo, do kak‰ne mere se je neko gospodarstvo pribliÏalo obmoãju evra.
The Maastricht criteria provide the framework for the Stability and Growth Pact, which guideseuro-area members’ economic policies today.
Maastrichtska merila so temelj Pakta stabilnosti in rasti, ki omogoãa koordinacijo gospodarskih politik ãlanic obmoãja evra.
The Pact helps to maintain a stable and sustainable economy in the euroarea.
Pakt pomaga ohranjatistabilen in trajnostni gospodarski razvoj obmoãja evra.
The convergence of new Member States’ economies before adopting the euro is crucial for the credibility of theirpolicies and the sustainability of their catching-up process.
Konvergenca gospodarstev novih drÏav ãlanic pred sprejetjemevra je kljuãnega pomena za trajnost gospodarske rasti.
EMU and the euro will bring many benefits – but the roadto the euro area must be navigated with care.
Ekonomska in monetarna unija ter evro bosta prinesla‰tevilne koristi, vendar pa je treba pot k evru skrbno usmerjati.
Ensuring a stable, sound and sustainableeconomy: the Maastricht criteria
Zagotavljanje stabilnega, zdravega in trajnostnega gospodarstva: maastrichtska merila
The EU set the Maastricht criteria as the original conditions for entry into the euro area by the foundingmembers.
EU je doloãila maastrichtska merila kot pogoj za vstop v obmoãje evra.
Keeping to them ensures sufficient alignment for a sustainable and stable euro-area economy.
Izpolnjevanje teh meril zagotavljazadostno uskladitev za stabilen in trajnostni razvoj gospodarstev obmoãja evra.
Prospective euro-area members must meet the same criteria, described below and presented in Table 1: • An inflation rate not exceeding by more than 1.5% that of the three best-performing Member States in termsof price stability. • A general government deficit not exceeding 3% of GDP: an indication of sound public finances.• Public debt of less than 60% of GDP or sufficiently diminishing and approaching this value at a satisfactorypace: a measure of the longer-term sustainability of public finances. • A longterm interest rate not exceeding by more than 2% that of the three best-performing Member States interms of price stability: an indicator of durability and credibility. • A stable exchange rate, demonstrated by participation without severe tension in the exchange ratemechanism known as ERM-II and by keeping the exchange rate close to the central rate for two years prior toadoption of the euro.
Bodoãe ãlanice tega obmoãjamorajo izpolnjevati merila, kakor so opisana v nadaljevanju in predstavljena v Tabeli 1:• merilo stabilnosti cen:stopnja inflacije ne sme za veã kakor 1,5 odstotne toãke presegati stopnjeinflacije treh drÏav ãlanic z najbolj‰imi rezultati na tem podroãju;• merilo zdravih javnih financ:javnofinanãni primanjkljaj ne sme presegati treh odstotkov BDP;• merilo dolgoroãne vzdrÏnosti javnih financ:javni dolg ne sme presegati 60 odstotkov BDP oz. semora zadostno zmanj‰evati in se zadovoljivo hitro pribliÏevati tej vrednosti;• merilo trajnosti in verodostojnosti:dolgoroãna stopnja inflacije, ki za najveã dva odstotka presegadolgoroãno stopnjo inflacije treh drÏav ãlanic z najbolj‰imi rezultati glede stabilnosti cen;• vzdrÏljivost gospodarstva in raven realne konvergence:stabilen devizni teãaj, ki se izkazuje z vsaj dveletno vkljuãenostjo v mehanizem deviznih teãajev (ERM II) in z ohranjanjem deviznega teãaja v razponu +/–15 odstotkov okoli osrednjega teãaja.
This measures the robustness of the economy and the stability of real convergenceby showing that the government can manage the economy without resorting to currency depreciation.
Izpolnjevanje tega merila tudi pokaÏe, ali lahkovlada vodi gospodarstvo brez zatekanja k zmanj‰evanju vrednosti valute (depreciacija).
Table 1 shows how far the new Member States met the Maastricht criteria in 20031.
Tabela 1 kaÏe, kako so nove drÏave ãlanice leta 2003 izpolnjevale maastrichtska merila1.
These criteria measure‘nominal convergence’, which reflects underlying ‘real convergence’ – the convergence of competitiveness,workforce skills, financial sector integration, industry structures, and a range of other socio-economic factors.
Ta merila so odrazdejanskega pribliÏevanja nacionalnih gospodarstev na podroãju konkurenãnosti, znanja in sposobnostidelovne sile, povezanosti finanãnega sektorja, razliãnih struktur gospodarstva ter vrste socialno-ekonomskihdejavnikov.
Aeuro-area member must have a sufficient degree of real convergence to be able to withstand economic shocks.Progress towards euro-area membership is not a race.
Samo dovolj visoka stopnja usklajenosti gospodarstev ãlanic obmoãja evra lahko prepreãimorebitne veãje ekonomske pretrese.
Full participation in EMU and the euro will bring manyadded benefits – but only for an economy that is well prepared.
Zato prizadevanje za ãlanstvo v obmoãju evra ni tekma, ampaksodelovanje, ki bo prineslo ‰tevilne koristi – vendar samo dobro pripravljenemu gospodarstvu.
Price stability
Kaj se meri:
Stability ofconvergence
VzdrÏnost javnih financ
Sound publicfinances
Zdrave javne finance
How it ismeasured:
Kako se meri:
Consumer priceinflation rate
Javni dolg kot % BDP
Governmentdebt as % of GDP
Dolgoroãne obrestne mere
Governmentdeficit as % of GDP
Stopnja inflacije cenÏivljenjskih potreb‰ãin
Longterm interestrates
Javnofinanãniprimanjkljaj kot % BDP
Convergence criteria
Dveletno sodelovanje
Data source: Report from the Commission.
Vir podatkov: Poroãilo Komisije. Konvergenãno poroãilo 2004, COM(2004) 690.
As Table 1 shows, in 2003 many new Member States met some of the Maastricht criteria, although this canchange from year to year.
Kakor prikazuje Tabela 1, so leta 2003 mnoge nove drÏave ãlanice Ïe izpolnile nekatera maastrichtskamerila, res pa je, da se to stanje vsako leto spreminja.
However, on the road to the euro area, problems and conflicts could arise for the new Member States as they try to expand their economies and meet the Maastricht criteria at the same time:• Although the new Member States have successfully reduced inflation nearly to the euro-area average, theireconomies are growing more rapidly than the rest of the EU.
Doseganje teh meril je lahko za te drÏave teÏavno predvsem, ker si hkrati z izpolnjevanjem meril prizadevajo dosegati ãim vi‰jo gospodarsko rast. Tako sonove drÏave ãlanice npr. uspe‰no zniÏale inflacijo, ki skoraj dosega povpreãje obmoãja evra, njihovagospodarstva pa rastejo hitreje od gospodarstev v preostalih ãlanicah EU.
This growth is desirable but it can produceinflationary pressures.
Ta rast je sicer zaÏelena, lahkopa ustvari inflacijske pritiske.
These pressures must be controlled to maintain economic growth without excessiveprice inflation.• Several new Member States do not meet the 3% target on the government deficit.
Zaradi ohranjanja gospodarske rasti brez previsoke inflacije cen je treba tepritiske skrbno nadzirati.• Veã novih drÏav ãlanic ne izpolnjuje 3-odstotnega cilja javnofinanãnega primanjkljaja.
The 3% limit is intended toprevent deficits getting out of control.
Triodstotna mejaprepreãuje, da bi primanjkljaji u‰li nadzoru.