natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Operational data indicate that drug overdoses occurring in these facilities are successfully managed, with no fatal overdoses reported.
Operativni podatki kažejo, da se primeri prevelikih odmerkov vteh ustanovah uspešno obvladujejo, tako da ni poročil oprevelikih odmerkih ssmrtnim izidom.
Providing immediate help also reduces the impact of nonfatal overdose, including irreversible damage to the brain and other vital organs, due to hypoxia (Hedrich et al., 2010).
Z zagotavljanjem hitre pomoči se zmanjša tudi učinek prevelikih odmerkov, ki niso smrtni, vključno znepopravljivimi poškodbami možganov in drugih življenjsko pomembnih organov zaradi hipoksije (Hedrich idr., 2010).
Monitoring new psychoactive substances in Europe
Uporaba novih psihoaktivnih snovi in novi vzorci uporabe drog imajo lahko pomembne posledice za javno zdravje in politiko na področju drog.
New psychoactive substances and new patterns of use, though usually first appearing among restricted social groups or in a few locations, can have important implications for public health and for drug policy.
Vendar je te snovi težko odkriti, saj se običajno najprej pojavijo vomejenih družbenih skupinah ali samo na določenih območjih.
Providing timely and objective information to policymakers, professionals and the wider public on new threats is methodologically and practically challenging.
Zagotavljanje pravočasnih in objektivnih informacij onovih grožnjah oblikovalcem politik, strokovnjakom in širši javnosti je velik metodološki in praktični izziv.
It is also of growing importance, given the increasingly dynamic and fast-moving nature of the European drugs problem.
Ker je evropska problematika drog dinamična in se hitro spreminja, so take informacije izjemno pomembne.
The European Union’s earlywarning system has been developed as a rapid-response mechanism to the emergence of new psychoactive substances on the drug scene.
Evropska unija je razvila sistem za zgodnje opozarjanje kot mehanizem za hiter odziv na pojav novih psihoaktivnih snovi na trgu drog.
The Council decision on new psychoactive substances¢(1) establishes a European mechanism for the rapid exchange of information on new psychoactive substances that may pose public health and social threats (EMCDDA, 2007b).
Leta 2009 so poročali otreh snoveh zzdravilnimi učinki.
The EMCDDA and Europol, in close cooperation with their networks of national partners, are assigned a central role in implementing the earlywarning system.
Med njimi je pregabalin, zdravilo na recept, ki se trži pod imenom Lyrica in se uporablja za odpravljanje nevropatske bolečine, epilepsije in generalizirane anksiozne motnje.
Once a¢new psychoactive substance is detected on the European market, Member States ensure that information on the manufacture, traffic and use of the drug is transmitted to the EMCDDA and Europol via the Reitox national focal points and Europol national units.
Nedavni pregled podatkov ofarmakovigilanci kaže na možnost, da se to zdravilo zlorablja na Finskem, Švedskem in Norveškem.
The Council decision also provides a framework for an assessment of the risks associated with new substances (see EMCDDA, 2010b).
Podatki iz sistema za zgodnje opozarjanje kažejo tudi, da je bil pregabalin morda prisoten pri smrti uporabnikov na Finskem, Švedskem in vZdruženem kraljestvu, kjer je bil odkrit pri forenzičnih toksikoloških analizah.
Information on substances of established and acknowledged medicinal value can also be exchanged via the earlywarning system, but these may not be subjected to risk assessment under the Council decision.
Poročila uporabnikov kažejo, da ima pregabalin podobne učinke kot alkohol, GHB (gama hidroksibutirična kislina), ekstazi in benzodiazepini.
(1) Council Decision 2005/387/JHA of 10 May 2005 on the information exchange, risk assessment and control of new psychoactive substances (OJ L¢127, 20.5.2005, p.¢32).
Po poročanju naj bi tudi lajšal simptome odtegnitve od heroina (opioidov).
A large number of new unregulated synthetic compounds have appeared in recent years.
V zadnjih letih so se pojavile številne nove sintetične snovi, ki niso zakonsko urejene.
These substances are marketed on the Internet as ‘legal highs’ and are designed to circumvent drug controls.
Na spletu se tržijo kot „dovoljene droge“, njihov namen pa je izogniti se nadzoru nad drogami.
They constitute a challenge to current approaches for monitoring and controlling new psychoactive substances.
Pomenijo izziv za sedanje pristope k spremljanju novih psihoaktivnih snovi in nadzoru nad njimi.
As reviewed in this chapter, the last two years have seen the emergence of new, smokable herbal products laced with synthetic cannabinoids and the growing popularity of various synthetic cathinones.
Kot je opisano vtem poglavju, so se vzadnjih dveh letih pojavili novi kajenju namenjeni zeliščni proizvodi zdodanimi sintetičnimi kanabinoidi, vedno bolj priljubljeni pa so tudi različni sintetični katinoni.
Action on new drugs identified in the last two reporting years.
Ukrepi glede novih drog
Only six were plants or of plant origin, and it is likely that synthetic psychoactive substances will continue to be the most frequently reported new substances in the future.
Za trg „dovoljenih drog“ je značilna hitrost, skatero se dobavitelji izogibajo nadzoru nad drogami, tako da ponujajo vedno nove nadomestne snovi.
In 2009, 24 new synthetic psychoactive substances were formally notified via the European earlywarning system.
Leta2009 je bilo prek evropskega sistema za zgodnje opozarjanje formalno priglašenih 24 novih sintetičnih psihoaktivnih snovi.
This is the largest number reported in a single year, and the increase is mainly due to the identification of nine new synthetic cannabinoids in the past year.
To je doslej največ venem letu, povečanje pa je vglavnem posledica odkritja devetih novih sintetičnih kanabinoidov vzadnjem letu.
Also reported in 2009 were new substances belonging to the chemical families usually providing new psychoactive drugs: five phenethylamines, two tryptamines and four synthetic cathinones.
Vistem letu so poročali tudi onovih snoveh, ki spadajo vdružine snovi, iz katerih navadno nastanejo nove psihoaktivne droge: petih fenetilaminih, dveh triptaminih in štirih sintetičnih katinonih.
No¢new piperazines or psychoactive plants were reported.
O novih piperazinih ali psihoaktivnih rastlinah ni bilo poročil.
Since the establishment of the earlywarning system in 1997, more than 110 substances have been notified to the EMCDDA and Europol.
V sistemu za zgodnje opozarjanje vzadnjih nekaj letih vedno pogosteje poročajo osintetičnih katinonih.
New groups of substances have emerged in the last five years.
Trenutno se spremlja petnajst takih snovi, vključno zmefedronom, metilonom, metedronom in MDPV(151). Te sintetične snovi so derivati katinona, ene od psihoaktivnih sestavin rastline „khat“ (Catha edulis), ki je po zgradbi sorodna
Three substances with medicinal properties were reported in 2009.
V okviru sistema za zgodnje opozarjanje je bilo od začetka njegovega delovanja leta 1997 Centru in Europolu uradno priglašenih več kot 110 snovi.
These include pregabalin, a prescription medicine marketed under the name Lyrica and used to treat neuropathic pain, epilepsy and generalised anxiety disorder.
Vzadnjih petih letih so se pojavile nove skupine snovi, ki vključujejo različne piperazine, sintetične katinone in sintetične amfetaminu  (152).
It is also reported to alleviate heroin (opioid) withdrawal symptoms.
Profili drog za khat in sintetične derivate katinona so na voljo na spletišču Centra.
EMCDDA–Europol joint report on mephedrone
Spremljanje novih psihoaktivnih snovi v Evropi vZdruženem kraljestvu.
The earlywarning system also monitors unregulated psychoactive products¢— the so-called ‘legal highs’¢— sold via the Internet and smart or head shops, advertised with aggressive and sophisticated marketing strategies, and in some cases intentionally mislabelled with declared ingredients differing from the actual composition.
Od aprila 2010, ko je Združeno kraljestvo mefedron in druge sintetične katinone uvrstilo med nadzorovane droge, je večina spletnih strani za prodajo mefedrona izginila.
The ‘legal highs’ market is distinguished by the speed at which suppliers circumvent drug controls by offering new alternatives.
Podatki ouporabi 29 snovi, vključno sštevilnimi „dovoljenimi drogami“, so bili zbrani vspletni raziskavi, opravljeni proti koncu leta 2009 vsodelovanju zrevijo za plesno glasbo Mixmag iz Združenega kraljestva(153).
The EMCDDA and Europol completed an assessment of the available information on mephedrone in January 2010, based upon the criteria set out in the earlywarning system’s operating guidelines (EMCDDA, 2007b).
S Sklepom Sveta onovih psihoaktivnih snoveh(1) se vzpostavlja evropski mehanizem za hitro izmenjavo podatkov onovih psihoaktivnih snoveh, ki lahko pomenijo nevarnost za javno zdravje in družbo (EMCDDA, 2007b).
These include: the amount of the material seized; evidence of organised crime involvement; evidence of international trafficking; the toxicopharmacological properties of the psychoactive substance; evidence of the potential for further (rapid) spread; and evidence of cases of serious intoxication or fatalities.
Center in Europol imata vtesnem sodelovanju zmrežami nacionalnih partnerjev glavno vlogo pri izvajanju sistema za zgodnje opozarjanje.
Synthetic cathinones have been increasingly reported via the earlywarning system in the last few years.
Ko se na evropskem trgu zazna nova psihoaktivna snov, države članice zagotovijo, da se informacije oproizvodnji, trgovini in uporabi droge prek nacionalnih kontaktnih točk Reitox in nacionalnih enot Europola sporočijo Centru in Europolu.
At present, 15 of these substances are being monitored, including
S Sklepom Sveta se zagotavlja tudi okvir za ocenjevanje tveganj, povezanih znovimi snovmi (glej EMCDDA, 2010b).
The EMCDDA and Europol agreed that the information available on mephedrone satisfies the criteria for a joint report to be produced.
Mefedron je bil po poročanju četrta najpogosteje uporabljena droga (po konoplji, ekstaziju in kokainu) ter najpogosteje uporabljena „dovoljena droga“ med 2295 anketiranci.
The resulting EMCDDA–Europol joint report was presented to the Council of the European Union, the European Commission and the European Medicines Agency, and a decision was taken to launch a¢formal risk-assessment procedure on the substance.
Približno tretjina (33,6%) anketirancev je poročala, da je to snov uporabila vzadnjem mesecu, 37,3% vzadnjem letu, 41,7% pa kadar koli vživljenju. Deleži za metilon so bili 7,5%, 10,0% oziroma 10,8%.
‘designer’ compounds are derivatives of cathinone, which is one of the psychoactive principles in the plant khat (Catha edulis) and is structurally related to amphetamine¢(152
Majhna razlika med razširjenostjo uporabe vzadnjem mesecu in kadar koli vživljenju kaže, da gre za nov pojav, ki se hitro širi.
United Kingdom’s classifying of mephedrone and other synthetic cathinones as controlled drugs in April 2010, the majority of mephedrone sites have ceased to exist.
Vendar teh rezultatov ni mogoče posplošiti na širšo populacijo obiskovalcev klubov, saj so spletne raziskave metodološko omejene, čeprav lahko vseeno omogočijo hiter dostop do nekaterih populacij (Verster idr., 2010).
It appeared for the first time in Europe in 2007, and seems to have gained popularity among young drug users, leading to a specific demand for this substance.
VEvropi se je prvič pojavil leta 2007, in videti je, da je vse bolj priljubljen med mladimi uporabniki drog, ki povprašujejo predvsem po tej snovi.
This seems to be particularly the case in the United Kingdom, where mephedrone has received attention from the media.
Zdi se, da to velja zlasti za Združeno kraljestvo, kjer so na mefedron postali pozorni mediji, vendar poročila iz drugih držav članic kažejo, da se uporablja tudi drugje vEvropi.
Reports from other Member States suggest that it is also used elsewhere in Europe.
Leta 2010 je bilo odkritih 170 spletnih prodajaln drog, od katerih jih je 30 ponujalo tako „dovoljene droge“ kot
Seizures of significant quantities of mephedrone have been reported in 2009 by Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
O zasegih znatnih količin mefedrona so leta 2009 poročali Nemčija, Nizozemska, Švedska in Združeno kraljestvo.
In Sweden, toxicology results confirmed the role of mephedrone use in a death and in the United Kingdom a number of deaths are being investigated for possible involvement of mephedrone.
Na Švedskem so toksikološki izvidi potrdili uporabo mefedrona pri smrti ene osebe; vZdruženem kraljestvu pa preiskujejo možnost, da je bil mefedron morda prisoten pri več smrtnih primerih.
Control measures on mephedrone have recently been introduced by Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Romania, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Croatia and Norway.
Nadzorne ukrepe za mefedron so pred kratkim uvedli na Danskem, vEstoniji, na Irskem, vNemčiji, Romuniji, na Švedskem, vZdruženem kraljestvu, na Hrvaškem in Norveškem.
Data on the use of 29 substances, including a number of ‘legal highs’, were collected in an online survey conducted in late 2009, in collaboration with the United Kingdom’s dance music magazine Mixmag¢(153).
Center in Europol sta januarja 2010 na podlagi meril, določenih vsmernicah za delovanje sistema za zgodnje opozarjanje, ocenila razpoložljive informacije omefedronu (EMCDDA, 2007b).
Monitoring online drug shops
Center in Europol sta se strinjala, da razpoložljivi podatki omefedronu izpolnjujejo merila za pripravo skupnega poročila.
The earlywarning system has been monitoring the marketing of new psychoactive substances on the Internet each year since 2006.
Skupno poročilo Centra in Europola je bilo predstavljeno Svetu Evropske unije, Evropski komisiji in Evropski agenciji za zdravila.
Changes in the methods used have increased the quality and coverage of the surveys, but data for different years are not directly comparable.
Sprejeta je bila odločitev, da bo vzvezi sto snovjo opravljen formalni postopek za oceno tveganja.
Mephedrone is readily available on the Internet, where it may be sold as a legal alternative to cocaine or ecstasy.
Mefedron je mogoče dobiti prek spleta, kjer se lahko prodaja kot zakonit nadomestek za kokain ali ekstazi.
The substance is variously advertised as a ‘research chemical’, ‘bath salts’, ‘for botanical research’, ‘plant food’ or ‘plant feeder’, often with a note saying ‘not for human consumption’ in order to circumvent potential control mechanisms.
Snov oglašujejo na različne načine: kot „poskusno snov“, „kopalno sol“, „snov, namenjeno botaničnim raziskavam“, „hranilo za rastline“ ali „snov, namenjeno zalivanju rastlin“, pogosto zopombo, da „ni namenjena prehrani ljudi“, da bi obšli morebitne nadzorne mehanizme.
Often, the list of ingredients gives no indication of the presence of psychoactive substances.
Na seznamu sestavin psihoaktivne snovi pogosto niso navedene.
A search for online mephedrone shops conducted in March 2010 in English showed that at least 77 websites were selling the substance.
Pri iskanju spletnih prodajaln mefedrona, opravljenem marca 2010 vangleškem jeziku, se je izkazalo, da se snov prodaja na vsaj 77 spletnih straneh.
Most of these websites sold only mephedrone and were based in the United Kingdom. Following the
Večina je prodajala samo mefedron in je imela sedež
(152) Drug profiles on khat and synthetic cathinone derivatives are available on the EMCDDA website.(153) Personal communication from Adam Winstock, King’s College London.
) Osebno sporočilo Adama Winstocka, King’s College London.
Chapter 8: New drugs and emerging trends typically with a wide selection of products from both groups: 34 offered only hallucinogenic mushrooms; and 106 sold based in the Netherlands are associated with specialist shops.
Poglavje 8: Nove droge in nastajajoči trendi
Overall, 73¢% of the online shops used English, with 42¢% offering no other language.
Pregled spletnih prodajaln drog: metode halucinogene gobe, po navadi pa veliko izbiro proizvodov iz obeh skupin.
‘legal highs’ but not hallucinogenic mushrooms¢(154
34 jih je ponujalo samo halucinogene gobe, 106 pa samo „dovoljene droge“, halucinogenih gob pa ne(154
The number of vendors of hallucinogenic mushrooms seems to have increased since 2006, when 39 shops were identified selling these products (EMCDDA, 2006).
Videti je, da se je število prodajaln halucinogenih gob po letu 2006, ko je bilo odkritih 39 prodajaln teh proizvodov, povečalo (EMCDDA, 2006).
In 2010, 64 online shops were identified selling hallucinogenic mushrooms, with most of them selling grow kits, spores and fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) rather than psilocybin-containing mushrooms.
Leta 2010 je bilo odkritih 64 spletnih prodajaln halucinogenih gob, od katerih jih je večina prodajala komplete za gojenje, spore in rdeče mušnice (Amanita muscaria), ne pa gob, ki vsebujejo psilocibin.
‘Spice’ is sold on the Internet and in specialised shops as a smoking mixture.
Poizvedovalni nizi so bili najprej preskušeni vangleščini, da bi odkrili nize znajvečjim deležem ustreznih zadetkov.
In 2008, forensic chemists discovered that it is not the harmless herbal product that it claims to be.
Poizvedbe so bile nato opravljene v15 jezikih, ki jih kot materni jezik govori 84% prebivalcev Evropske unije(1).
The real psychoactive constituents of ‘Spice’ were identified as synthetic additives: substances, such as the cannabinoid receptor agonist¢(155) JWH-018, that mimic the effects of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in cannabis.
Uporabljeni so bili trije iskalniki: Metacrawler, Google in „nacionalni“ iskalnik glede na državo in jezik.
The so-called ‘Spice’ phenomenon continued to receive considerable attention in 2009.
Vzorčenje je bilo opravljeno spregledovanjem prvih 100 povezav in se je nadaljevalo, dokler se za 20 zaporednih povezav ni izkazalo, da so nepomembne.
Throughout the year, the names and brand packaging of ‘Spice’like products have diversified.
Na vsaki odkriti spletni strani so se zbirale naslednje informacije: nabor proizvodov vprodaji, opisi proizvodov, cene, razpoložljivost oziroma ali so proizvodi na zalogi, države, vkatere se proizvodi dostavljajo, sestavine, zdravstvena opozorila in pripombe uporabnikov.
The psychoactive compounds added to these products have also being changing, in response to new control measures (EMCDDA, 2009f). Nine new synthetic cannabinoids were reported through the earlywarning system in 2009¢(156).
) Angleščina, češčina, danščina, francoščina, grščina, italijanščina, madžarščina, malteščina, nemščina, nizozemščina, poljščina, portugalščina, slovaščina, španščina in švedščina.
In the 2009 online survey, which focused only on ‘legal highs’, the largest number of online shops were based in the United Kingdom, followed by Germany and the Netherlands.
Spletna študija iz leta 2009, ki se je osredotočila samo na „dovoljene droge“, je pokazala, da je imelo največ spletnih prodajaln sedež vZdruženem kraljestvu, sledili pa sta mu Nemčija in Nizozemska.
The 2010 snapshot, with its extended scope, showed a different pattern, with 38 online shops based in the Netherlands, 20 in the United Kingdom and 20 in Germany.
Pri pregledu iz leta 2010 zrazširjenim obsegom je bil ugotovljen drugačen vzorec: 38 spletnih prodajaln na Nizozemskem, 20 vZdruženem kraljestvu in 20 vNemčiji.
Countries in which at least five online shops were located include Poland, France and Hungary, while smaller numbers were based in the Czech Republic, Spain, Portugal, Slovakia, Italy and Sweden.
Vsaj pet spletnih prodajaln je na Poljskem, vFranciji in na Madžarskem, manjše število pa jih je imelo sedež vČeški republiki, Španiji, na Portugalskem, Slovaškem, vItaliji in na Švedskem.
Thirty-eight online shops were based in the United States, and the location of 15 online shops could not be determined.
Osemintrideset spletnih prodajaln je imelo sedež vZdruženih državah, za petnajst prodajaln pa sedeža ni bilo mogoče določiti.
Unlike the online shops located in the United Kingdom, many of those
Na splošno se je v73% spletnih trgovin uporabljal angleški jezik, 42% pa jih ni imelo na voljo nobenega drugega jezika.
The variety and number of synthetic cannabinoids, or other substances, that can be added to herbal products pose challenges in terms of their identification, monitoring and risk appraisal.
Raznovrstnost in število sintetičnih kanabinoidov ali drugih snovi, ki jih je mogoče dodati rastlinskim proizvodom, sta izziv pri njihovem odkrivanju in spremljanju ter oceni tveganja.
Almost nothing is known about the pharmacology, toxicology and safety profiles of these compounds in humans.
O farmakologiji, toksikologiji in varnostnih profilih teh spojin pri človeku ni znanega skoraj nič.
The type and amount of added synthetic cannabinoids may also vary considerably, and some of these compounds may be highly active at very small doses.
Zelo različni sta lahko tudi vrsta in količina dodanih sintetičnih kanabinoidov, pri čemer so lahko nekatere od teh snovi izjemno aktivne že pri zelo majhnih odmerkih.
As a result, accidental overdosing with a risk of severe psychiatric or other complications cannot be excluded.
Zato ni mogoče izključiti nenamernih prevelikih odmerkov in tveganja za resne psihiatrične ali druge zaplete.
The 2010 survey took place between 25 January and 5 February, and targeted online drug shops (retailers and wholesale) accessible to any European Internet user interested in buying ‘legal highs’ (including ‘Spice’), GHB/GBL or hallucinogenic mushrooms.
„Spice“ se na spletu in vspecializiranih trgovinah prodaja kot mešanica za kajenje.
Online shops that did not provide shipping to at least one EU Member State were not included.
Forenzični kemiki so leta 2008 odkrili, da to ni nenevaren rastlinski proizvod, kakršen naj bi bil.
Searches were then carried out in 15 languages spoken as a mother tongue by 84¢% of the European Union’s population¢(1).
Pojav tako imenovane mešanice „spice“ je tudi vletu 2009 pritegnil precej pozornosti.
Three different search engines were used: Metacrawler, Google and a ‘national’ search engine depending on the country and language.
Med letom se je pojavljalo vedno več različnih imen in embalaž blagovnih znamk proizvodov, podobnih mešanici „spice“.
Sampling consisted of examining the first 100 links, and continued until 20 consecutive links proved irrelevant.
Zaradi novih nadzornih ukrepov so se spreminjale tudi psihoaktivne snovi, dodane tem proizvodom (EMCDDA, 2009f).
For each site identified, the following information was collected: products on sale, product descriptions, prices, availability in stock, countries of delivery, ingredients, health warnings and users’ reviews.
Vsistemu za zgodnje opozarjanje se je leta 2009 poročalo odevetih novih sintetičnih kanabinoidih(156).
None of the synthetic cannabinoids is controlled under the UN conventions, and there is no information on any of them having been authorised as medicinal products in the European Union.
Nobeden od sintetičnih kanabinoidov ni nadzorovan vskladu skonvencijami ZN, prav tako ni podatkov, da bi bil kateri od njih vEvropski uniji odobren kot zdravilo.
At the time of writing, several Member States had banned or otherwise controlled ‘Spice’, ‘Spice’like products and related compounds¢(157).
Med pripravo tega poročila je več držav članic prepovedalo ali drugače nadziralo „spice“, temu podobne proizvode in stem povezane sestavine(157).
The purported herbal ingredients of ‘Spice’ products are not internationally controlled, but some Member States (Latvia, Poland, Romania) have placed one or more of them on their lists of controlled substances.
Domnevne rastlinske sestavine mešanice „spice“ niso mednarodno nadzorovane, vendar so nekatere države članice (Latvija, Poljska, Romunija) eno ali več teh sestavin uvrstile na sezname nadzorovanih snovi.
Outside the European Union, Switzerland controls ‘Spice herbal mixes’ under its food regulation.
Zunaj Evropske unije Švica „zeliščne mešanice, imenovane spice,“ nadzoruje vskladu spredpisi oživilih.
) See the box ‘Snapshot on online drug shops: methods’.)
) Glej okvir „Pregled spletnih prodajaln drog: metode“.)