natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Club owners, with the participation of outreach workers and local authorities, help promote moderate drinking, raising awareness of the harms of drugs and alcohol, while raising the safety characteristics of settings (e.g. providing free water, staff trained in first aid, chill-out areas).
Lastniki klubov s pomočjo terenskih delavcev in lokalnih oblasti pomagajo pri spodbujanju zmernega pitja alkohola ter pri ozaveščanju o škodi, ki jo povzročajo droge in alkohol, hkrati pa izboljšujejo varnostne značilnosti okolij (npr. zagotavljajo brezplačno vodo, osebje, usposobljeno za izvajanje prve pomoči, prostore za sprostitev).
In most Member States, limited demand is reflected in the limited availability of treatment services specifically targeting users of amphetamine, methamphetamine or ecstasy.
V večini držav članic se omejeno povpraševanje odraža v omejeni razpoložljivosti storitev zdravljenja, posebej namenjenih uživalcem amfetamina, metamfetamina ali ekstazija.
This situation is somewhat different in a few Member States with long-established chronic amphetamine- or methamphetamine-using populations.
To stanje je nekoliko drugačno v nekaj državah članicah s populacijo dolgotrajnih kroničnih uživalcev amfetamina ali metamfetamina.
In these countries (principally the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Finland, Sweden), users of amphetamine or methamphetamine are treated within specialist services.
V teh državah (predvsem v Češki republiki, na Slovaškem, Finskem in Švedskem) se uživalci amfetamina ali metamfetamina zdravijo v okviru specializiranih storitev.
Treatment options appear to consist of detoxification, followed by individual therapy in an outpatient setting or group therapy in either outpatient or residential settings.
Zdi se, da so možnosti zdravljenja sestavljene iz razstrupljanja, ki mu sledi individualna terapija v izvenbolnišničnem okolju ali skupinska terapija v izvenbolnišničnem ali bolnišničnem okolju.
The relationship between driving and drug and alcohol consumption has been an issue included in some environmental strategies.
Povezava med vožnjo avtomobila ter uživanjem drog in alkohola je vprašanje, vključeno v nekatere strategije za okolje.
Examples here include the provision of alternative transportation for intoxicated drivers, which is available in some Parisian nightclubs, and the promotion of public transport options by clubs in Brussels.
Primeri, navedeni tukaj, vključujejo zagotavljanje prevoza za omamljene voznike, ki je na voljo v nekaterih pariških nočnih klubih, in spodbujanje možnosti javnega prevoza s strani bruseljskih klubov.
In Spain, prevention campaigns that focus on ‘designated drivers’ and on raising awareness of the risks of driving under the influence of psychoactive substances have been conducted, particularly during weekends.
V Španiji so bile zlasti ob koncih tedna izvedene preventivne kampanje, ki so bile osredotočene na „določene voznike“ in na ozaveščanje o tveganjih vožnje pod vplivom psihoaktivnih snovi.
These campaigns may have contributed to the 16% decrease observed in Spain in the number of traffic accidents involving young people aged 18–20, in 2006 (81).
Morda so te kampanje leta 2006 v Španiji prispevale k 16-odstotnemu upadu števila prometnih nesreč, v katerih so bili udeleženi mladi med 18. in 20. letom starosti (81).
Strategies that address the environment in which young people consume both drugs and alcohol appear to have considerable potential for safeguarding public health and
Zdi se, da lahko strategije, namenjene okolju, v katerem mladi uživajo tako droge kot tudi alkohol, močno vplivajo na varovanje javnega zdravja in izboljšanje javne varnosti, koristi pa imajo lahko ne le uživalci, temveč tudi širša
Therapeutic options with robust evidence of effectiveness are generally lacking to guide the treatment of dependence on psychostimulants, such as amphetamines and cocaine.
Dokazano učinkovite terapevtske oblike pa na splošno pomanjkljivo vodijo zdravljenje odvisnosti od psihostimulantov, kot so amfetanimi in kokain.
As noted in Chapter 5, no pharmacological agents are currently available to help users to manage abstinence or reduce the cravings associated with psychostimulant dependence.
Kot je navedeno v poglavju 5, trenutno ni na voljo farmakoloških učinkovin, ki bi uživalcem pomagale pri nadzoru abstinence ali zmanjšanju želje, povezane z odvisnostjo od psihostimulantov.
Furthermore, the literature would suggest that no particular psychosocial intervention has shown strong evidence of effectiveness in helping psychostimulant users to maintain abstinence.
Poleg tega bi iz literature lahko sklepali, da se, kar zadeva pomoč uživalcem psihostimulantov pri vzdrževanju abstinence, nobena psihosocialna intervencija ni izkazala za posebej učinkovito.
For more information on prevention campaigns across Europe, see the 2007 selected issue on drugs and driving.
) Za več informacij o preventivnih kampanjah v Evropi glej izbrano vprašanje o drogah in vožnji za leto 2007.
Analysis of the number of laboratories dismantled suggests that most production remains located in these three countries, although it may also occur in other South American countries, before exportation to the main consumer markets in North America and Europe.
Uvod treh državah, čeprav se droga pred izvozom na glavne potrošniške trge v Severni Ameriki in Evropi lahko pojavi tudi v drugih državah Južne Amerike.
Information on illicit trafficking in potassium permanganate (a chemical reagent used in the synthesis of cocaine hydrochloride) supports this finding, with Colombia reporting 99 of the 101 tonnes of permanganate potassium seized globally in 2006 (INCB, 2008b).
Informacije o prepovedani trgovini s kalijevim permanganatom (kemijski reagent, ki se uporablja pri sintezi kokain hidroklorida) podpirajo to ugotovitev, saj Kolumbija poroča o 99 od 101 tone kalijevega permanganata, ki je bil na svetu zasežen leta 2006 (INCB, 2008b).
The most recent data continues to point to an overall increase in the use of cocaine in Europe.
Najnovejši podatki še naprej kažejo na splošno povečanje uživanja kokaina v Evropi.
Population surveys carried out in a numberofcountries have recorded a marked increase in use among young people since the mid-1990s.
Raziskave med prebivalstvom, izvedene v več državah, so zabeležile velik porast uživanja med mladimi od sredine 90. let prejšnjega stoletja.
These findings are supported by the results of targeted studies, which have observed very high levels of cocaine use in some recreational settings (nightlife and dance-music venues).
Te ugotovitve so podprte z rezultati usmerjenih študij, ki so zabeležile zelo visoke ravni uživanja kokaina v nekaterih sprostitvenih okoljih (prizorišča nočnega življenja in plesne glasbe).
In parallel, indicators of cocaine availability in Europe, including the number of seizures of the drug and the amount seized, have increased dramatically.
Hkrati so se pokazatelji razpoložljivosti kokaina v Evropi, vključno s številom zasegov te droge in zaseženo količino, dramatično povečali.
In some EU Member States, the demand for treatment for cocaine use has increased substantially in recent years, and now even exceeds that for opioid treatment in some countries, cities and regions.
V nekaterih državah članicah EU se je v zadnjih letih povpraševanje po zdravljenju zaradi uživanja kokaina močno povečalo in zdaj v nekaterih državah, mestih in regijah presega celo povpraševanje po zdravljenju zaradi opioidov.
Moreover, a substantial proportion of opioid users in treatment report cocaine as their secondary drug, which may be contributing to their problems and can complicate their care.
Poleg tega velik del uživalcev opioidov na zdravljenju kokain navaja kot sekundarno drogo, kar lahko prispeva k njihovim težavam in lahko oteži njihovo oskrbo.
In many countries, cocaine is also reported in the toxicological analysis of a high proportion of drugrelated deaths, generally in combination with opioids and other substances.
V številnih državah navajajo kokain tudi v toksikološki analizi velikega dela z drogo povezanih smrtnih primerov, običajno v kombinaciji z opioidi in drugimi snovmi.
Cocaine produced in the Andean region is then smuggled to Europe from South American countries (via Brazil, Ecuador, Venezuela).
Kokain, proizveden v andski regiji, nato pretihotapijo v Evropo iz južnoameriških držav (prek Brazilije, Ekvadorja, Venezuele).
While the Caribbean continues to be an important transit zone for cocaine heading to Europe, transhipment via countries in west Africa, in particular in the Gulf of Guinea and off the coasts of Cape Verde, Guinea and Guinea-Bissau, has been increasing markedly during the past few years (CND, 2008; INCB, 2008a) (83).
Medtem ko Karibi ostajajo najpomembnejše tranzitno območje za kokain, namenjen v Evropo, se v zadnjih nekaj letih močno povečuje pretovarjanje prek držav v zahodni Afriki, zlasti v Gvinejskem zalivu in ob obali Zelenortskih otokov, Gvineje in Gvineje Bissau (CND, 2008; INCB, 2008a) (83).
Spain and Portugal remain the major entry points of cocaine in to Europe, the latter’s role having substantially increased since 2005.
Španija in Portugalska ostajata glavni vstopni točki za kokain v Evropi, pri čemer se je vloga Portugalske od leta 2005 zelo okrepila.
Cocaine continues, however, also to enter Europe more directly either by shipment across the Atlantic or by air; in particular to the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, France, the UnitedKingdom and Germany.
Vendar pa kokain v Evropo še vedno prihaja bolj neposredno, bodisi s pošiljkami prek Atlantskega ocena ali po zraku, še zlasti na Nizozemsko, v Belgijo, Italijo, Francijo, Združeno kraljestvo in Nemčijo.
Both the Netherlands and France are reported to be major transit countries for further cocaine distribution in Europe (Europol, 2007b).
Nizozemska in Francija sta po poročanju glavni tranzitni državi za nadaljnjo distribucijo kokaina v Evropi (Europol, 2007b).
Recent reports of cocaine importation via east European countries (Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Russia) may point to the development of new trafficking routes in this part of Europe.
Najnovejša poročila o uvozu kokaina prek vzhodnoevropskih držav (Bolgarija, Estonija, Latvija, Litva, Romunija, Rusija) morda kažejo na razvoj novih trgovskih poti v tem delu Evrope.
The existence of considerable differences between countries, with many countries still reporting very low levels of use, is an important caveat to the observation that, overall, cocaine use is increasing in Europe.
Zaradi precejšnjih razlik med državami, pri čemer veliko držav še vedno poroča o nizkih ravneh uživanja, je treba opozoriti na ugotovitev, da uživanje kokaina v Evropi na splošno narašča.
National experiences of cocaine problems are also very mixed; with, for example, a relatively small numberofcountries accounting for the majority of all cocaine treatment demands reported in Europe.
Zelo različne so tudi nacionalne izkušnje s problemom kokaina; na primer, v Evropi razmeroma majhno število držav predstavlja večino vseh povpraševanj po zdravljenju zaradi kokaina.
Cocaine is the most trafficked drug in the world after herbal cannabis and cannabis resin.
Južna Amerika je še naprej poročala o največji zaseženi količini, ki je predstavljala 45 % vseh zasegov na svetu, sledijo Severna Amerika s 24 % ter zahodna in srednja Evropa s 17 % (UNODC, 2008).
In 2006, global seizures of cocaine decreased slightly to 706 tonnes.
Število zasegov kokaina v Evropi zadnjih 20 let narašča in to je veljalo tudi za obdobje med letoma 2001 in 2006, razen upada leta 2003.
South America continued to report the largest amount seized, accounting for 45% of the global figure, followed by North America with 24%, and west and central Europe with 17% (UNODC, 2008).
V zadnjem desetletju se je povečevala tudi količina zaseženega kokaina, vendar
Crime (2008) estimated potential cocaine production at
Po oceni Urada za droge in kriminal pri Združenih narodih (2008) naj bi bilo v letu 2007 proizvedenih 994 ton čistega kokaina hidroklorida, od česar je Kolumbija prispevala 61 %, Peru 29 % in Bolivija 10 %.
See also ‘West Africa: now a regional transit hub for trafficking to Europe’, p. 59.
Glej tudi „Zahodna Afrika: zdaj regionalno tranzitno središče za trgovino v Evropo“, str. 59.
The typical purity of cocaine in Europe ranged between 1% and 90% in 2006, although most countries reported values between 25% and 55% (85). Of the 23 countries
Zahodna Afrika: zdaj regionalno tranzitno središče za trgovino v Evropo
It is estimated that almost a quarter of the cocaine trafficked to Europe in 2007 was transited via this region (UNODC, 2008).
Leta 2006 se je tipična čistost kokaina v Evropi gibala med 1 in 90 %, čeprav je večina držav navajala vrednosti med
Cocaine is trafficked from west Africa to Europe mainly by sea, with large shipments transported by fishing vessels to unloading sites mainly on the coast of northern Portugal and Galicia in Spain.
V zadnjih petih letih je zahodna Afrika postala pomembna regija za trgovino s kokainom v Evropo (1), saj deluje kot mesto tranzita, shranjevanja in prepakiranja (Europol, 2007b; UNODC, 2007b; USDS, 2008).
Smaller shipments of cocaine are trafficked by air or overland, increasingly associated with smuggling cannabis resin from north Africa.
Ocenjuje se, da je skoraj četrtina kokaina, prodanega v Evropo v letu 2007, prešla to regijo (UNODC, 2008).
In 2006, the typical retail price of cocaine varied between EUR 50 and EUR 75 per gram in most European countries, although Cyprus, Romania, Sweden and Turkey reported much higher values.
Leta 2006 je tipična maloprodajna cena kokaina v večini evropskih držav znašala od 50 do 75 EUR za gram, čeprav Ciper, Romunija, Švedska in Turčija poročajo o precej višjih cenah.
Over the period 2001–06, cocaine sold on the streets has become cheaper in the 18 countries reporting sufficient data, with the exception of Romania, where an increase in price (adjusted for inflation) was noted.
V obdobju med letoma 2001 in 2006 se je kokain, ki se prodaja na ulici, pocenil v 18 državah, ki so predložile zadostne podatke, razen v Romuniji, kjer je bila zabeležena podražitev (prilagojeno glede na inflacijo).
The growth of the west African cocaine trafficking route has been attributed to several factors.
Kokain potuje iz zahodne Afrike v Evropo predvsem po morju, saj ribiške ladje velike pošiljke prevažajo do mest, kjer jih raztovorijo, predvsem na obali severne Portugalske in Galicije v Španiji.
These include more effective controls on alternative trafficking routes (Europol, 2007b); the geographical position of west Africa; and the economic vulnerabilities of countries in this area, often resulting in weak judicial and law enforcement systems.
Manjše pošiljke kokaina so pretihotapljene po zraku ali po kopnem, čedalje večkrat v povezavi s tihotapljenjem hašiša iz severne Afrike.
The international community has launched several initiatives to address the problem.
Rast zahodnoafriške trgovske poti za kokain je bila pripisana več dejavnikom.
Among other initiatives taken by the European Union, the Council, through the horizontal working party on drugs, has placed west Africa at the top of the agenda and presented a resolution on the strengthening of international support to west Africa to the 2008 UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs.
Med njimi so učinkovitejše kontrole na alternativnih trgovskih poteh (Europol, 2007b); geografski položaj zahodne Afrike in ekonomska ranljivost držav na tem področju, posledica česar je pogosto slab sodni in kazenski sistem.
Diversity is not only found in the overall levels of cocaine use reported by Member States, it is also reflected in the characteristics of cocaine users themselves, who fall across a broad social continuum ranging from some of the most privileged to the most marginalised members of society.
Razlike niso opazne samo v splošnih ravneh uživanja kokaina, o katerih poročajo države članice, temveč se odražajo tudi v značilnostih samih uživalcev kokaina, ki spadajo v različne družbene sloje, od najbolj privilegiranih do najbolj obrobnih članov družbe.
Patterns of cocaine use can be correspondingly diverse, ranging from the occasional and recreational to the highly compulsive and dependent.
Vzorci uživanja kokaina so lahko temu primerno različni, od občasnega in rekreativnega uživanja do zelo kompulzivnega uživanja in odvisnosti.
The form that cocaine is used in (cocaine hydrochloride or crack cocaine), and the route of administration by which it is used, are additional complicating factors.
Oblika, v kateri se kokain uživa (kokain hidraklorid ali crack kokain), in način uživanja te droge sta dodatna oteževalna dejavnika.
This diversity is an important consideration, both for understanding the range of problems that are likely to be associated with different patterns of cocaine use, and also for informing the targeting and development of services for a disparate group of drug users.
To raznolikost je treba upoštevati tako pri razumevanju obsega težav, ki so lahko povezane z različnimi vzorci uživanja kokaina, kot tudi pri obveščanju usmerjanja in razvoja storitev za različne skupine uživalcev drog.
Among the general population
Med splošno populacijo
Overall, cocaine remains the second most used illicit drug in Europe, after cannabis, although use varies greatly between countries.
Na splošno ostaja kokain, za konopljo, druga najpogosteje uživana prepovedana droga v Evropi, čeprav se podatki o uživanju med državami precej razlikujejo.
It is estimated that around 12 million Europeans have used it at least once in their lifetime; on average 3.6% of adults aged 15–64 years (see Table 5 for a summary of the data).
Ocenjuje se, da je kokain vsaj enkrat v življenju zaužilo približno 12 milijonov Evropejcev; v povprečju 3,6 % odraslih v starosti od 15 do 64 let (za povzetek podatkov glej preglednico 5).
National figures vary from 0.4% to 7.7%, with 12 countries, mostly Member States that have joined the European Union since 2004,
Nacionalni podatki znašajo od 0,4 do 7,7 %, 12 držav, večinoma države članice, ki so v Evropsko unijo vstopile leta 2004, pa poroča o zelo nizkih ravneh uživanja kadar koli v življenju med vsemi odraslimi (0,4 do 1,2 %).
The number of cocaine seizures has been on the increase for the last 20 years in Europe, and continued to rise during the period 2001–06, with the exception of a decrease in 2003.
Ocenjuje se, da je v zadnjem letu približno 4 milijone Evropejcev zaužilo kokain (v povprečju 1,2 %), čeprav so razlike med državami zelo velike.
The quantity of cocaine seized has also been increasing over the last decade, but with regular fluctuations.
To je razvidno iz z rednimi nihanji.
In 2006, cocaine seizures in Europe increased to 72 700 cases and the quantity recovered to 121 tonnes (84).
Leta 2006 se je število zasegov kokaina v Evropi povečalo na 72 700 primerov, zasežena količina pa je znašala 121 ton (84).
Spain continued to be the country reporting the highest seizures, accounting for 58% of all seizures and 41% of the quantity intercepted in Europe that year.
Španija je bila zopet tista država, ki je poročala o največ zasegih, saj je opravila 58 % vseh zasegov, pri čemer je zasegla 41 % vse količine, zasežene tega leta v Evropi.
The data on European cocaine seizures mentioned in this chapter can be found in Tables SZR-9 and SZR-10 in the 2008 statistical bulletin.
) Podatki o evropskih zasegih kokaina, omenjeni v tem poglavju, so na voljo v preglednicah SZR-9 in SZR-10 v Statističnem biltenu 2008.
Note that across the chapter, where national data for 2006 are absent, the corresponding data for 2005 are used to estimate European totals.
Kjer podatkov za 2006 ni, so za oceno skupnih številk v Evropi uporabljeni ustrezni podatki za 2005. )
See Tables PPP-3 and PPP-7 in the 2008 statistical bulletin for purity and price data.
Za podatke o čistosti in ceni glej preglednici PPP-3 in PPP-7 v Statističnem biltenu 2008.
Annual report 2008: the state of the drugs problem in Europe reporting very low levels of lifetime prevalence among all adults (0.4–1.2%).
Letno poročilo 2008: stanje na področju problematike drog v Evropi
It is estimated that around 4 million Europeans have used the drug in the last year (1.2% on average), although again national variation between countries is considerable. This can be seen in results from recent national surveys, which report last year prevalence estimates of between 0.1% and 3%; though only in four countries do levels of use exceed 1%.
Ocenjevanje uživanja kokaina z analizo komunalne odpadne vode rezultatov najnovejših nacionalnih raziskav, ki poročajo o ocenah razširjenosti v zadnjem letu med 0,1 in 3 %; vendar samo v štirih državah ravni uživanja presegajo 1 %.
At 2 million, the prevalence estimate for last month use is around half that for last year prevalence, and represents about 0.5% of the adult population.
Ocena razširjenosti uživanja v zadnjem mesecu, ki znaša 2 milijona, predstavlja približno polovico razširjenosti v zadnjem letu in približno 0,5 % vse odrasle populacije.
These estimates are likely to be conservative.
Te ocene so verjetno previdne.
The application of recent developments in analytical chemistry to the detection of cocaine in wastewater has introduced a new approach to the monitoring of illicit drug use in the community, known as ‘sewage epidemiology’.
Uporaba novejšega razvoja analitične kemije pri odkrivanju kokaina v odpadnih vodah je uvedla nov pristop k spremljanju uživanja prepovedanih drog v skupnosti, znan kot „epidemiologija odpadne vode“.
The method involves measuring the levels of breakdown products of illicit drugs excreted in the urine of consumers.
Metoda obsega merjenje ravni razgradnih produktov prepovedanih drog, ki se izločijo v urinu uživalca.
The levels of breakdown products measured in wastewater are then scaled up to calculate consumption of illicit drugs among the population.
Ravni razgradnih produktov, izmerjenih v odpadni vodi, se nato ovrednotijo in izračuna se uživanje prepovedanih drog med prebivalstvom.
In the case of cocaine, the main metabolite excreted in the urine is benzoylecgonine.
V primeru kokaina je glavni presnovek v urinu benzoilekgonin.
As breakdown in the human body of cocaine is the only likely source of benzoylecgonine in wastewater systems, with certain assumptions, it is possible to back-calculate from the amount of the metabolite in the wastewater to the amount of cocaine consumed in the community (although not to the number of consumers).
Ker je razgradnja kokaina v človeškem telesu edini verjetni vir benzoilekgonina v odpadnih vodah, je s pomočjo določenih domnev iz količine presnovka v odpadni vodi mogoče izračunati količino zaužitega kokaina v skupnosti (ne pa tudi števila uživalcev).
Overall, cocaine use appears to be concentrated in a few countries, notably Spain and the United Kingdom, and to a lesser extent Italy, Denmark and Ireland, while use of the drug is relatively low in most other European countries.
Na splošno se zdi, da je uživanje kokaina osredotočeno na nekaj držav, predvsem Španijo in Združeno kraljestvo ter v manjšem obsegu Italijo, Dansko in Irsko, medtem ko je uživanje te droge v večini drugih evropskih držav precej redko.
In countries where amphetamines dominate the market in illicit stimulant drugs, estimates of use of cocaine are low in almost all cases; conversely, in most countries where cocaine is the main illicit stimulant, low levels of amphetamine use are reported (86).
V državah, kjer na trgu prepovedanih stimulativnih drog prevladuje amfetamin, so ocene uživanja kokaina nizke v skoraj vseh primerih; nasprotno pa v večini držav, kjer je kokain glavni prepovedani stimulans, poročajo o nizkih ravneh uživanja amfetamina (86).
Cocaine use among young adults
Uživanje kokaina med mlajšimi odraslimi
Cocaine use is mainly concentrated among young adults (15–34 years).
Kokain uživajo predvsem mlajši odrasli (15–34 let).
For instance, of the 4 million Europeans that have used the drug in the last year, around seven out of eight are likely to be young adults.
Od 4 milijonov Evropejcev, ki so to drogo zaužili v zadnjem letu, je bilo najverjetneje sedem od osmih oseb mlajših odraslih.