natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
In the countries for which data are available, the bulk of reported drugrelated public expenditure is allocated to activities that are funded by central government.
V državah, katerih podatki so na voljo, se večina sporočenih javnih izdatkov za boj proti drogam dodeli dejavnostim, ki jih financira osrednja vlada.
Chapter 1: Policies and laws countries highlights the need to adopt a common approach towards monitoring the social cost of drug use in Europe.
Poglavje 1: Politika in zakoni sprejetju skupnega pristopa k spremljanju družbenih stroškov uporabe drog v Evropi.
Eleven Member States gave details of expenditure by the State on certain activities undertaken in response to the drug problem.
Enajst držav članic je podalo podrobnosti o državnih izdatkih za posamezne dejavnosti, izvedene kot odziv na problematiko drog.
A further two countries provided rough estimates of overall public expenditure related to the drug problem (Spain, Malta), though with no information on the activities on which the money was spent.
Še dve državi sta predložili grobe ocene vseh javnih izdatkov, povezanih s problematiko drog (Španija, Malta), nista pa podali informacij o dejavnostih, za katere je bil denar porabljen.
In Italy, the social cost of illicit drug use was estimated at EUR 6 473 million, with law enforcement activities accounting for the largest share of the total (43%), and the remainder divided between healthcare and social services (27%) and loss of productivity of drug users and people indirectly affected by drug use (30%).
V Italiji so bili družbeni stroški uživanja prepovedanih drog ocenjeni na 6 473 milijonov EUR, pri čemer so največji delež (43 %) predstavljale dejavnosti odkrivanja in pregona, preostanek pa zdravstvena nega in socialne službe (27 %) ter izguba produktivnosti uživalcev drog in ljudi, ki jih je uživanje drog neposredno prizadelo (30 %).
In addition, it was estimated that drug users spent EUR 3 980 million for the purchase of illicit drugs.
Poleg tega je bilo ocenjeno, da so uživalci drog za nakup prepovedanih drog porabili 3 980 milijonov EUR.
On the basis of these data, the cost of drug use in Italy is estimated to represent 0.7% of the national gross domestic product.
Na podlagi teh podatkov se ocenjuje, da strošek uživanja drog v Italiji predstavlja 0,7 % nacionalnega bruto domačega proizvoda.
In data reported for Austria, in 2004, the division between direct and indirect costs was the opposite of that reported for Italy: of the estimated social cost of drug use of EUR 1 444 million, 72% was accounted for by indirect costs.
Pri podatkih, sporočenih za Avstrijo v letu 2004, je bila razdelitev neposrednih in posrednih stroškov obratna razdelitvi, sporočeni za Italijo: od ocenjenih družbenih stroškov uživanja drog v višini 1 444 milijonov EUR so 72 % predstavljali posredni stroški.
In 2005, the total drugrelated public expenditure by European countries was calculated to lie somewhere between EUR 13 billion and EUR 36 billion (EMCDDA, 2007a).
Za leto 2005 je bilo izračunano, da vsi javni izdatki za boj proti drogam v evropskih državah znašajo med 13 in 36 milijard EUR (EMCDDA, 2007a).
This figure was estimated by extrapolating the total drugrelated expenditures of six countries (Belgium, Hungary, Netherlands, Finland, Sweden, UnitedKingdom ) to the other States.
Ta znesek je bil ocenjen z ekstrapolacijo vseh izdatkov za boj proti drogam šestih držav (Belgije, Madžarske, Nizozemske, Finske, Švedske, Združenega kraljestva) z drugimi državami.
A revised estimate, which includes data from additional countries (Czech Republic, France, Luxembourg, Poland, Slovakia), has recently been proposed (EMCDDA, 2008d).
Nedavno je bila predlagana revidirana ocena (EMCDDA, 2008d), ki vključuje podatke iz drugih držav (Češke republike, Francije, Luksemburga, Poljske, Slovaške).
The new estimate of drugrelated public expenditure in Europe is EUR 34 billion (95% confidence interval, EUR 28–40 billion), which is equivalent to 0.3% of the combined gross domestic product of all EU Member States.
Nova ocena javnih izdatkov za boj proti drogam v Evropi znaša 34 milijard EUR (95-odstotni interval zaupanja, 28–40 milijard EUR), kar je enako 0,3 % skupnega bruto domačega proizvoda vseh držav članic EU.
This suggests that State expenditure on the drug problem costs the average EU citizen EUR 60 a year.
To pomeni, da javni izdatki za problematiko drog stanejo povprečnega evropskega državljana 60 EUR na leto.
These figures must, however, still be taken as indicative because of the limited data on which they are based.
Vendar pa je te zneske treba obravnavati kot okvirne, in sicer zaradi omejenih podatkov, na katerih temeljijo.
The UnitedKingdom reported that, in 2003/04, the economic and social costs of Class A (7) drug use in England and Wales was EUR 22.26 billion, representing an annual cost of EUR 63 940 for each problem drug user.
Združeno kraljestvo je sporočilo, da so v letu 2003–2004 ekonomski in družbeni stroški uživanja drog iz razreda A (7) v Angliji in Walesu znašali 22,26 milijarde EUR, kar predstavlja letni strošek v višini 63 940 EUR za vsakega problematičnega uživalca drog.
It was suggested that problem drug use accounted for 99% of the total costs.
Domnevno naj bi problematično uživanje drog predstavljalo 99 % vseh stroškov.
Costs due to drugrelated crime, including law enforcement and costs to the victims of drugrelated crimes, accounted for the largest proportion of the overall cost (90%, or EUR 20.1 billion).
Stroški za kriminal, povezan z drogo, vključno z odkrivanjem in pregonom, in stroški za žrtve kriminala, povezanega z drogo, so predstavljali največji delež vseh stroškov (90 % ali 20, 1 milijarde EUR).
Reports on the social cost of drug use
Razvoj nacionalne zakonodaje
Development of national legislation
Preučevanje sprememb zakonodaje o drogah, izvedenih od Ungass leta 1998 o drogah, je v tem letu mednarodnih, evropskih in nacionalnih pregledov ter
Data on the social cost of drug use (direct and indirect costs caused by drug use) were reported by four Member States.
Podatke o družbenih stroških uživanja drog (neposredni in posredni stroški, ki so posledica uživanja drog) so sporočile štiri države članice.
While these reports may provide useful insights in to the impact of drug use in the country in which they were conducted, differences in methods and in the way results are reported mean that it is not possible to compare the countries.
Medtem ko lahko ta poročila ponudijo koristen vpogled v vpliv uživanja drog v državi, iz katere poročila izhajajo, pa zaradi razlik v metodah in načinih, kako se ti rezultati sporočajo, teh držav ni mogoče primerjati.
The lack of comparability in the data from different
Pomanjkanje primerljivosti podatkov iz različnih držav poudarja potrebo po
Observing the changes in three key areas, this section
1), po izbranih državah članicah EU
Table 1: Drug-labelled public expenditure (1
Preglednica 1: Javni izdatki, označeni kot povezani z drogami (
Labelled expenditures reported by government sector (EUR)
Označeni izdatki, o katerih je poročal vladni sektor (v EUR)
Total as a proportion of total public
Delež skupnih javnih
Total expenditure (2) (%)
2 izdatkov (
Public expenditures explicitly ‘labelled’ as drugrelated in official accountancy documents.
Javni izdatki, izrecno „označeni“ kot povezani z drogo v uradnih računovodskih dokumentih.
Total general government expenditure in the year. In Ireland, government departments and State agencies are invited to report their annual drugrelated expenditure to the coordinating Department of Community, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs.
Vsi splošni vladni izdatki v letu Na Irskem so vladni oddelki in državne agencije pozvani k sporočanju z drogami povezanih letnih izdatkov usklajevalnemu oddelku za skupnostne, podeželske in irskokeltske zadeve (Department of Community, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs).
These expenditures are not necessarily labelled as drugrelated in official accountancy documents.
Ti izdatki niso nujno „označeni“ kot povezani z drogo v uradnih računovodskih dokumentih.
Sources: Reitox national focal points and Eurostat (http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/).
Nacionalne kontaktne točke Reitox in Eurostat (http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/).
Class A drugs are defined as those considered to be the most harmful.
Droge iz razreda A so opredeljene kot droge, ki so najbolj škodljive.
Annual report 2008: the state of the drugs problem in Europe any more than this was raised to a clear minimum of four years in prison, as for a trafficking offence.
Letno poročilo 2008: stanje na področju problematike drog v Evropi uporabe razširili z največ enega odmerka na največ tri odmerke ter za večje količine na deset odmerkov.
Towards a better understanding of drugrelated public expenditure in Europe — EMCDDA 2008 selected issue
Ta razdelek ob opazovanju sprememb na treh ključnih področjih zastavlja naslednje vprašanje: Ali spremembe pravnih opredelitev in odzivov na uživalce drog pomenijo nov, širši trend v načinu, kako države obravnavajo uživalce drog?
Drug use within small groups presents another challenge to attempts to distinguish between users and suppliers.
V zadnjih desetih letih je večina evropskih držav prevzela pristop, ki razlikuje med preprodajalcem drog, ki se obravnava kot kriminalec, in uživalcem drog, ki se obravnava kot bolnik, ki potrebuje zdravljenje.
In Belgium, the specific criminal offence of use in a group was repealed in 2003; in the same year, an amendment to the Hungarian criminal code permitted diversion to treatment for the supplier of a small quantity to be consumed ‘jointly’ (since appealed as being legally unclear).
V Belgiji je bilo posebno kaznivo dejanje uživanja drog v skupini razveljavljeno leta 2003; istega leta je sprememba madžarskega kazenskega zakonika omogočila preusmeritev v zdravljenje za dobavitelja majhne količine, namenjene „skupnemu“ uživanju (temu pa je sledila pritožba o pravni nejasnosti).
In 2006, Malta found that the minimum six-month sentence for suppliers was not always appropriate in situations of sharing, and changed the law to permit exceptions.
Leta 2006 je Malta ugotovila, da najmanjša šestmesečna kazen za dobavitelje ni vedno primerna, ko gre za soudeležbo, in spremenila zakonodajo, ki je dovoljevala izjeme.
In response to the EU drugs action plan 2005–08, the EMCDDA has developed a project aimed at identifying, developing and testing methods for quantifying drugrelated public expenditures.
V obdobju 2004–2006 je Bolgarija umaknila pojem osebna uporaba, Italija ga je po 12 letih ponovno uveljavila, Združeno kraljestvo pa je ta pojem uzakonilo, vendar se je nato odločilo, da ga ne bo uporabilo.
A selected issue on this topic gives an overview on the overall figures on drugrelated public expenditure in 2005 in the EU Member States and Norway. Most of the expenditures identified were originally ‘labelled’ as drug related, and were generally traced back by exhaustively reviewing official accountancy documents, thus possibly reflecting the voluntary engagement of the States in the field of drugs.
Ciper in Belgija sta določene mejne količine za vse droge in konopljo uvedla leta 2003; v Nemčiji želijo dežele dosledneje izvajati sodbo ustavnega sodišča, katere sklicevanje na „zanemarljive količine“ ni bilo opredeljeno, kar pomeni razlage med 3 in 30 grami. Leta 2005 so na Slovaškem pravne opredelitve osebne
Regarding punishment, maximum or probable penalties for use or possession for personal use, in the absence of aggravating circumstances, have been reduced in various European countries since 2001 — either for all drugs (Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Portugal, Finland) or limited to cannabis (Belgium, Luxembourg, UnitedKingdom ) or drugs of lesser risk (Romania).
V zvezi s kaznovanjem so bile najvišje ali verjetne kazni za uživanje ali posedovanje za osebno uporabo, v odsotnosti oteževalnih okoliščin, od leta 2001 znižane v različnih evropskih državah – bodisi za vse droge (Estonija, Grčija, Madžarska, Portugalska, Finska) ali samo za konopljo (Belgija, Luksemburg, Združeno kraljestvo) ali za droge z manjšim tveganjem.
However, during this period, not all countries have been reducing penalties: France and Poland decided not to change their laws after consultations; and Denmark raised the ‘normal’ penalties from cautions to fines (which were then increased).
Vendar pa v tem obdobju vse države niso znižale kazni: Francija in Poljska sta se po posvetovanjih odločili, da jih ne bosta znižali; Danska je „običajne“ kazni zvišala z opozoril na globe (ki so bile nato zvišane).
A new law in Italy saw drug consumption reinstated as an administrative offence, and cannabis reclassified to be eligible for the same penalties as other illicit substances, such as heroin and cocaine.
Novi zakon v Italiji je uživanje drog ponovno uveljavil kot prekršek, konoplja pa je bila prerazvrščena in zanjo veljajo enake kazni kot za druge prepovedane snovi, kot sta heroin in kokain.
In the United Kingdom, it has been announced that cannabis is to be reclassified upwards.
V Združenem kraljestvu so naznanili, da bodo konopljo prerazvrstili višje.
The changes in drug users’ access to treatment via the criminal justice system typically share two common features.
Spremembam v dostopu uživalcev drog do zdravljenja prek kazensko-sodnega sistema sta običajno skupni dve značilnosti.
First, they all widen the scope for directing drug users in to treatment.
Prvič, vse spremembe razširjajo obseg za napotitev uživalcev drog na zdravljenje.
However, some differences exist between countries regarding the stage at which the offer of treatment is made, with most countries offering treatment at the court stage, rather than at the earlier stages of contact with the police or prosecutors.
Vendar pa med državami obstajajo razlike v zvezi s fazo, v kateri se ponudi zdravljenje, saj večina držav zdravljenje ponudi v fazi sojenja in ne v zgodnejših fazah stikov s policijo ali tožilstvom.
Secondly, they are conditional; breach of the treatment order will restart the procedure of criminal charge, prosecution or punishment.
Drugič, te spremembe so pogojne; kršitev odredbe za zdravljenje ponovno sproži postopek kazenske obtožbe, kazenskega pregona ali kaznovanja.
One of the issues on which Member States have shown the greatest degree of divergence is whether or not to set threshold quantities for personal possession.
Center je kot odziv na akcijski načrt EU za boj proti drogam (2005–2008) pripravil projekt, namenjen identifikaciji, razvoju in preskušanju metod za ocenjevanje javnih izdatkov za boj proti drogam.
In the period 2004–06, Bulgaria removed the concept of personal possession, Italy re-enacted it after 12 years without, and the UnitedKingdom enacted the concept but then chose not to apply it.
Izbrano vprašanje na to temo podaja pregled splošnih podatkov o javnih izdatkih za boj proti drogam v letu 2005 v državah članicah EU in na Norveškem.
Belgium and Cyprus introduced defined limit quantities in 2003, for all drugs and for cannabis respectively; while in Germany, the Länder are working to implement more consistently a constitutional court ruling whose reference to ‘insignificant quantities’ was undefined, resulting in interpretations of between 3 and 30 grams.
Večina opredeljenih izdatkov je bila prvotno „označena“ kot povezana z drogami in je bila večinoma izsledena z izčrpnim pregledovanjem uradnih računovodskih dokumentov, s čimer se je ugotavljala morebitna prostovoljna udeležba držav na področju drog.
In 2005, in Slovakia, the legal definitions of personal use were widened from a maximum of one dose to a maximum of three and, for a larger amount, 10 doses.
Kjer je bilo to mogoče, so bili skriti ali „neoznačeni“ izdatki, vključeni v programe s širšimi cilji, ocenjeni s tehnikami modeliranja.
Countries have introduced or widened options or systems for offenders to be referred to treatment or counselling, as an alternative to punishment or imprisonment, in line with Ungass and EU action plan objectives.
Države so uvedle ali razširile možnosti ali sisteme za storilce, ki so napoteni na zdravljenje ali svetovanje, in sicer kot alternativo kaznovanju ali zaporni kazni, v skladu s cilji akcijskih načrtov Ungass in EU.
In Ireland and Malta, following arrest, drug users can now be referred to treatment; this is also the case in the United Kingdom, where drug testing on arrest is authorised in certain circumstances.
Na Irskem in na Malti je mogoče uživalce drog po aretaciji napotiti na zdravljenje.
Special drug courts have been established
To velja tudi za Združeno kraljestvo, kjer je v določenih okoliščinah dovoljeno testiranje uživanja drog.
Chapter 1: Policies and laws controlled by new laws: trains and ships in Ireland; boats in Latvia; aviation in Finland.
Uživanje drog v različnih oblikah prevoza urejajo novi zakoni: vlaki in ladje na Irskem; čolni v Latviji; letalstvo na Finskem.
The last few years have also seen: laws and strategies to prevent or punish drugrelated public nuisance (see the 2005 selected issue); new powers to close bars or other premises or exclude people from them (Belgium, Ireland, Netherlands); and powers to close private dwellings where commercial drug distribution or systematic drug use takes place (respectively, Netherlands, UnitedKingdom ).
V zadnjih nekaj letih smo bili priča tudi: zakonom in strategijam za preprečitev ali kaznovanje kršenja javnega reda (glej izbrano vprašanje za leto 2006); novim pooblastilom za zaprtje barov in drugih prostorov ali prepoved vstopa vanje (Belgija, Irska, Nizozemska) ter pooblastilom za zaprtje zasebnih bivališč, kjer poteka komercialna distribucija drog (Nizozemska) ali sistematično uživanje drog (Združeno kraljestvo).
In parallel, new laws to protect nonusers from the use of tobacco have also been introduced across Europe during this time: since 2004, 24 European Member States (all except Greece, Hungary and Poland) have prohibited or severely restricted smoking in enclosed public places, often with sizeable fines for transgressors.
Hkrati so bili v tem času v Evropi uvedeni novi zakoni za zaščito nekadilcev pred uporabo tobaka: od leta 2004 je 24 držav članic EU (vse razen Grčije, Madžarske in Poljske) prepovedalo ali zelo omejilo kajenje v zaprtih javnih prostorih, pogosto z visokimi kaznimi za kršitelje.
in Ireland, the UnitedKingdom (England and Scotland) and Norway, and are under discussion in Malta; Portugal set up a system of ‘commissions for the dissuasion of drug use’ composed of a lawyer, a doctor and a social worker.
Na Irskem, v Združenem kraljestvu (Anglija in Škotska) in na Norveškem so bila ustanovljena posebna sodišča za droge, na Malti o njih še razpravljajo, na Portugalskem pa so vzpostavili sistem „komisij za odvračanje od uživanja drog“, sestavljenih iz odvetnika, zdravnika in socialnega delavca.
New laws in other countries have introduced some form of treatment as an alternative to punishment: in France, non-dependent drug law offenders may take, and pay for, awareness courses; in Spain, Hungary and Latvia, custodial sentences may be suspended for drug users undertaking treatment; and in Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania and Turkey, probation may be combined with treatment.
Z novimi zakoni v drugih državah je bila uvedena oblika zdravljenja kot alternativa kaznovanju: v Franciji se lahko neodvisni kršitelji zakona o drogah udeležijo tečajev ozaveščanja in jih plačajo; v Španiji, na Madžarskem in v Latviji je za uživalce drog, ki se zdravijo, možna odložitev kazni; v Bolgariji, Romuniji in Turčiji je pogojno kazen možno združiti z zdravljenjem.
The Netherlands aims to increase the use of treatment as a condition of early release from prison.
Nizozemska želi povečati obseg zdravljenja kot pogoj za predčasni izpust iz zapora.
When deemed appropriate, in Finland, sentenced offenders can now be directed towards an open prison if they stay drugfree; in Greece, they may be sent to a special treatment unit.
Na Finskem je mogoče, ko se to zdi primerno, obsojene storilce napotiti v zapor odprtega tipa, če ti ne uživajo več drog; v Grčiji jih lahko pošljejo v enoto za posebno zdravljenje.
Eligibility for drug-treatment programmes has been extended to those convicted of more serious offences in Italy (if the offence is punishable by up to six years in prison, raised from four years) and Spain (raised from three to five years).
Upravičenost do programov zdravljenja odvisnosti je bila razširjena na osebe, obsojene za več hudih kaznivih dejanj, v Italiji (če je za kaznivo dejanje zagrožena zaporna kazen do šest let, zvišana s štirih let) in Španiji (zvišana s treh na pet let).
In Belgium, at all levels of the criminal justice process, alternatives exist to divert drug-using offenders in to treatment.
V Belgiji na vseh stopnjah kazensko-sodnega postopka obstajajo druge možnosti za preusmeritev storilcev, ki uživajo drogo, na zdravljenje.
Further descriptions of the various treatment alternatives to punishment and the extent of their use can be found in the
Če povzamemo pregledane pravne spremembe se zdi, da so bile kazenske sankcije pogosto zmanjšane za posamezne uživalce, ki se izogibajo oteževalnim okoliščinam, vendar pa so se, skoraj kot protiutež, povečale za tiste, katerih dejanja lahko vplivajo na druge člane družbe.
ELDD’s ‘Topic overview’ and ‘Legal reports’ sections (8
„Tematski pregled“ in „Pravna poročila“ (8
crimes committed that are, in some way, linked to drugs (
Osredotočanje na zaščito javnosti
Focus on protecting the public
Te možnosti zdravljenja ali znižane kazni se na primer odobrijo pod pogojem, da uživalec ne vznemirja javnosti.
In practice, routine data are only available in Europe on initial reports of drug law offences, mainly from the police.
V praksi so tekoči podatki o prvotnih poročilih o kršitvah zakonov o drogah na voljo samo v Evropi, predvsem pri policiji.
Though these data are usually taken as indirect indicators of drug use or drug trafficking, it is important to note that they reflect differences in national legislation and the different ways in which the laws are applied and enforced.
Čeprav se ti podatki običajno obravnavajo kot posredni kazalniki uživanja drog ali preprodaje drog, je treba opozoriti, da odražajo razlike v nacionalni zakonodaji ter različne načine uporabe in izvajanja zakonov.
The data also reflect differences in priorities set and resources allocated by criminal justice agencies to specific offences.
Podatki odražajo tudi razlike v določenih prednostnih vprašanjih in sredstvih, ki jih organi kazenskega pravosodja dodelijo določenim kaznivim dejanjem.
In addition, there are variations between national information systems on drug law offences, specially in relation to reporting and recording practices.
Poleg tega obstajajo razlike med nacionalnimi informacijskimi sistemi o kršitvah zakonov o drogah, zlasti v zvezi s prijavljanjem in beleženjem.
Because these differences make comparisons between countries difficult, it is more appropriate to compare trends rather than absolute numbers.
Ker te razlike otežujejo primerjave med državami, je bolj primerno primerjati trende kot pa absolutne številke.
In the past decade, criminal law has increasingly been used to protect the public from the drug user and, in parallel with the distinction made between the ‘sick’ user and the ‘criminal’ trafficker, the category of ‘user’ is also being legally subdivided in to those who do and those who do not trouble or harm other members of society.
Merila so bila razširjena in kazni so bile zvišane za tiste storilce, ki lahko škodujejo drugim članom družbe.
The measures that reduce criminal penalties for personal use or offer alternatives to punishment, described above, are part of this development.
Večina zakonodajnih dejavnosti se osredotoča na tiste, ki uživajo droge in nato sedejo za volan (Belgija, Češka republika, Danska, Španija, Francija, Latvija, Litva, Portugalska, Finska).
These treatment options or reduced penalties are, for example, granted on condition that the user does not cause some form of public disturbance.
Novi zakoni, ki urejajo testiranje uživanja drog na delovnem mestu na Irskem, Finskem, in Norveškem, poudarjajo, da je testiranje dovoljeno v glavnem takrat, ko bi osebe, ki so pod vplivom drog, lahko resno ogrozile