natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
All proposed mergers notified to the Commission are examined to see if they would significantly impede effective competition in the EU.
Vse predlagane združitve, priglašene Komisiji, se preučijo, da bi ugotovili, ali bi lahko bistveno ovirale učinkovito konkurenco v EU.
If they do not, they are approved unconditionally.
Če je ne, se brezpogojno odobrijo.
If they do, and no commitments aimed at removing the impediment are proposed by the merging firms, they must be prohibited to protect businesses and consumers from higher prices or a more limited choice of goods or services.
Če pa jo in če podjetja, ki se združujejo, ne predlagajo zavez, ki bi odpravile ovire, jih je treba prepovedati, da se podjetja in potrošniki zaščitijo pred višjimi cenami ali manjšo ponudbo blaga in storitev.
Proposed mergers may be prohibited, for example, if the merging parties are major competitors or if the merger would otherwise significantly weaken effective competition in the market, in particular by creating or strengthening a dominant player.
Predlagane združitve se lahko prepovejo na primer, če so podjetja, ki se združujejo, glavni konkurenti ali če bi združitev kako drugače znatno oslabila učinkovito konkurenco na trgu, zlasti z ustvarjanjem ali krepitvijo prevladujočega udeleženca.
However, not all mergers which significantly impede competition are prohibited.
Vendar niso prepovedane vse združitve, ki bistveno ovirajo konkurenco.
Even if the European Commission finds that a proposed merger could distort competition, the parties may commit to taking action to try to correct this likely effect. ey may commit, for example, to sell part of the combined business or to license technology to another market player.
Celo če Evropska komisija ugotovi, da bi lahko predlagana združitev izkrivljala konkurenco, se lahko stranke zavežejo, da bodo sprejele ukrepe, s katerimi bodo skušale popraviti verjetni učinek združitve.
If the European Commission is satisfied that the commitments would maintain or restore competition in the market, thereby protecting consumer interests, it gives conditional clearance for the merger to go ahead.
Lahko se na primer zavežejo, da bodo odprodale del združenega podjetja ali podelile licenco za tehnologijo drugemu udeležencu na trgu.
It then monitors whether the merging companies fulfil their commitments and may intervene if they do not.
Če se Evropska komisija prepriča, da bodo te obveznosti ohranile ali znova vzpostavile konkurenco na trgu, s čimer bodo zaščiteni interesi potrošnikov, pogojno odobri združitev.
MERGERS IN THE CONSUMER GOODS/FOOD SECTORThe initial analysis of the European Commission concluded that the merger between the food companies Unilever and Bestfoods would reduce competition in the markets for instant soups, pasta sauces, jams and other food products in almost all EU Member States.
Evropska komisija je ugotovila, da bi lahko obe združitvi imeli škodljiv vpliv na konkurenco s tem, da bi omejili izbiro nekaterih zdravil, ki so na voljo bolnikom.V obeh primerih so stranke predlagale prenos nekaterih svojih izdelkov na konkurente, Evropska komisija pa se je strinjala, da bo to znova vzpostavilo konkurenco na trgih in na ta način zaščitilo interese bolnikov.
Consumers would have been significantly affected by the proposed merger, which could have resulted in a reduced choice of products at higher prices.
V primeru Pfizer/Pharmacia sta na primer stranki predlagali prenos nekaterih izdelkov v razvoju, ki bi tekmovali z Viagro podjetja Pfizer, na konkurente, s čimer sta omogočili odobritev pogodbe o združitvi.
As a result, the parties proposed the sale of an estimated EUR 1 billion of their business to competitors and this allowed the European Commission to give conditional clearance to the merger.When examining the acquisition of Wella by Procter & Gamble, the MERGERS IN THE PHARMACEUTICALS SECTORTwo large mergers in the pharmaceutical sector were notified to the European Commission: Sanofi/Synthélabo and Pfizer/Pharmacia.
Na podlagi prvotne presoje je Evropska komisija ugotovila, da bi združitev med živilskopredelovalnima podjetjema Unilever in Bestfoods zmanjšala konkurenco na trgu za instant juhe, omake za testenine, marmelade in druge prehrambene izdelke v skoraj vseh državah članicah EU.
The European Commission concluded that both mergers could have an adverse impact on competition, limiting the choice of certain drugs available to patients.In both cases, the parties proposed transferring some of their products to competitors, which the European Commission agreed would restore competition in the markets and so protect the interests of patients.
Na potrošnike bi predlagana združitev bistveno vplivala, saj bi lahko imela za posledico manjšo izbiro izdelkov po višjih cenah.
In the case of Sanofi/Synthélabo, among the products transferred or sold were, for instance, vitamin B₁₂ sold under the name ‘Delagrange’, certain antibiotics, hypnotics and sedatives. In the case of Pfizer/Pharmacia, the parties, for instance, proposed transferring to competitors certain products
Zaradi tega sta stranki predlagali odprodajo svojih dejavnosti, ocenjenih na 1 milijardo EUR, konkurentom, to pa je Evropski komisiji omogočilo, da združitev pogojno odobri.Pri presoji prevzema Welle s strani Procter & Gamble je Evropska komisija ugotovila, da bi lahko prišlo do zmanjšanja konkurence na trgih za izdelke za nego las (kot so šamponi, balzami, negovalne obloge in barve) na Irskem, Švedskem in Norveškem. Da bi to popravile, so stranke konkurentom v teh državah ponudile licenco za številne znamke Stran 9
the service stations on French motorways.
ZDRUŽITEV FRANCOSKIH NAFTNIH DRUŽB
It would also have become the leading supplier of liquid petroleum gas (LPG).
Prav tako bi postala vodilni dobavitelj utekočinjenega naftnega plina (UNP).
The European Commission considered that this level of market power would have pushed up prices.To remedy these competition concerns, TotalFina/Elf proposed the sale of a large proportion of these operations to competitors.
Evropska komisija je menila, da bi tolikšna tržna moč zvišala cene.Da bi odpravila te pomisleke na področju konkurence, je TotalFina/ Elf predlagala prodajo velikega deleža teh dejavnosti konkurentom.
For example, it proposed selling 70 motorway service stations in France to competitors.
Predlagala je na primer prodajo 70 avtocestnih bencinskih črpalk v Franciji konkurentom. To je Evropski komisiji omogočilo, da pogojno odobri is io n L tV it al
Community law on merger control
Pravo skupnosti o nadzoru nad združitvami
Regulation (EC) No 139/2004 — the merger regulation:
Uredba (ES) št. 139/2004 – uredba o združitvah: odpravila pomisleke Komisije.
The detailed statistics are available on the Europa competition website.
Z D R so na voljo na spletni strani za konkurenco portala Europa.
Details of the notification requirements as well as the notification form (Form CO) are regulated by Commission Regulation (EC) No 808/2004.
Podrobnosti o zahtevah v zvezi s priglasitvami kakor tudi obrazec za priglasitev (obrazec CO) ureja Uredba Komisije (ES) št. 802/2004.
merger control which provide a detailed explanation of the analytical framework employed by the Commission in assessing the likely impact of mergers on competition, and of some of the basic terms used in merger control law (such as, for example, a notice on the concept of concentration).
U Ž IT na konkurenco, in nekatere od osnovnih pojmov, ki se uporabljajo v pravu o nadzoru nad združitvami (kot na primer obvestilo o pojmu koncentracije).
These can be found on the Europa competition website.
Le-te lahko najdete na spletni strani za konkurenco portala Europa.
p The European Commission has the exclusive power to investigate mergers with a Community dimension.
Evropska komisija je izključno pristojna za preiskavo združitev z razsežnostjo Skupnosti.
Companies thus have a onestop shop for merger control, which simplifies and reduces administrative procedures.
Podjetja tako vse za nadzor nad združitvami opravijo pri„enem samem okencu“ (one-stop-shop), kar poenostavlja in zmanjšuje obseg upravnih postopkov.
The main benchmarks for determining which mergers have a Community dimension are that the worldwide turnover of the merging companies is over EUR 5 000 million and that their Community-wide turnover is over EUR 250 million.
Za ugotavljanje, katere združitve imajo razsežnost Skupnosti, sta glavni merili, da je svetovni promet združenih podjetij večji od 5 000 milijonov EUR in da znaša skupni promet v Skupnosti več kot 250 milijonov EUR.
p Over 90 % of notified cases are approved after the initial scrutiny period of 25 working days.
Več kot 90 % priglašenih primerov je odobreno po predhodnem obdobju za pregled v trajanju 25 delovnih dni.
Most cases going through the 90 working days’in-depth investigation procedure are resolved by a conditional authorisation.
Večina primerov, pri katerih se opravi temeljit preiskovalni postopek v trajanju 90 delovnih dni, se zaključi s pogojno odobritvijo.
Since 1990, there have been only 18 outright prohibitions.
Od leta 1990 je bilo le 19 popolnih prepovedi.
Detailed statistics are available on the Europa competition website.
Podrobni statistični podatki so na voljo na spletni strani za konkurenco portala Europa.
p After an initial scrutiny period of 25 working days, the Commission decides either to authorise the transaction or, if it thinks that the concentration might result in a significant impediment to effective competition, it may initiate an in-depth investigation procedure which usually takes up to a further 90 working days (in certain circumstances, this may be increased to 105 or 125 working days).
Po predhodnem podrobnem pregledu v trajanju 25 delovnih dni se Komisija odloči, ali bo transakcijo odobrila, če pa meni, da bi lahko koncentracija privedla do bistvenega oviranja učinkovite konkurence, lahko začne temeljit preiskovalni postopek, ki običajno traja do nadaljnjih 90 delovnih dni (v določenih primerih se lahko ta podaljša na 105 ali 125 delovnih dni).
p Mergers with a Community dimension have to be notified to the Commission for its agreement before they are put into effect.
Ob zaključku tega postopka lahko Komisija pogojno ali brezpogojno odobri združitev, lahko pa jo tudi prepove, zlasti v primerih, ko podjetja ne morejo predlagati primernih rešitev, s katerimi bi
Opening up markets to competition o co
Odpiranje trgov za konkurenco nkur
What are the advantages of liberalisation?
Katere so prednosti liberalizacije?
How has freedom of choice been introduced?
Kako je bila uvedena svoboda izbire?
LOWCOST AIRLINESLow-cost airlines have been able to start operating and developing in Europe thanks to the European Commission opening up the airline industry to competition.
Nizkocenovni letalski prevozniki so lahko začeli poslovati in se razvijati v Evropi, ker je Evropska komisija omogočila konkurenco v letalskem prometu.
The wider and more affordable range of services now available are enjoyed by many European consumers.
Veliko evropskih potrošnikov sedaj uživa večjo in cenovno dostopnejšo izbiro storitev.
Services such as transport, energy, postal services and telecommunications have not always been as open to competition as they are today.
V državah članicah EU so tovrstne storitve pred tem zagotavljale nacionalne organizacije z izključnimi pravicami za opravljanje določene storitve.
The European Commission has been instrumental in opening up these markets to competition (also knownas liberalisation).ation)
Z odpiranjem teh trgov mednarodni konkurenci lahko sedaj potrošniki izbirajo med številnimi drugimi ponudniki storitev in izdelkov.
TI ON
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In the EU Member States, services like these have previously been provided by national organisations with exclusive rights to provide a given service.
Storitve, kot so promet, energetika, poštne storitve in telekomunikacije, niso bile vedno tako odprte za konkurenco, kot so danes. Evropska komisija je pripomogla k odpiranju teh trgov rg
Opening up these markets to competition has also allowed consumers to benefit from lower prices and new services which are usually more efficient and consumer-friendly than before. is helps to make our economy more competitive.
Odpiranje teh trgov za konkurenco je prav tako omogočilo potrošnikom, da so deležni nižjih cen in novih storitev, ki so običajno učinkovitejše in prijaznejše do potrošnika kot prej. To prispeva h krepitvi konkurenčnosti našega gospodarstva.
e approach of the European Commission has evolved over the years.
Tako francoska kot nemška družba sta zatem ponudili, da izboljšata dostop do svojih omrežij, s čimer sta potrošnikom v Franciji in Nemčiji omogočili, da bodo v bodoče imeli večje koristi od odpiranja trgov za plin konkurenci.
In 1993, when requiring Denmark to end the monopoly rights of the State-owned railway company DSB on the port facilities at Rødby, the European Commission left the Danish government the choice to allow competitors to use the same facilities or, alternatively, to construct new facilities near the existing port.
Pristop Evropske komisije se je z leti razvil. Leta 1993 je Evropska komisija, ko je od Danske zahtevala odpravo monopolnih pravic železniške družbe DSB v državni lasti na pristaniških napravah v Rodbyju, prepustila danski vladi odločitev, da konkurentom bodisi dovoli uporabo teh naprav bodisi da namesto tega zgradi nove naprave blizu obstoječega pristanišča.
However, it soon became apparent that establishing competing facilities, especially in the case of nationwide networks, requires a great deal of investment and is usually inefficient.
Vendar je kmalu postalo očitno, da vzpostavitev konkurenčnih zmogljivosti, zlasti v primeru vsenacionalnih omrežij, zahteva precejšne naložbe in je običajno neučinkovito.
So the European Commission developed the concept of legally separating the provision of the network from the commercial services using the network.
Tako je Evropska komisija razvila pristop, s katerim se zagotavljanje infrastrukturnega omrežja pravno loči od komercialnih storitev, ki omrežje uporabljajo.
Both the French and the German companies subsequently offered to improve access to their respective networks, allowing customers in France and Germany to benefit more effectively in future from the opening of the gas markets to competition.
V železniški, elektroenergetski in plinskoenergetski panogi se sedaj od upravljavcev omrežij zahteva, da konkurentom omogočijo pravičen dostop do svojih omrežij.
In the railway, electricity and gas industries, the network operators are
V teh panogah je nadziranje pravičnega dostopa vseh
Average monthly phone bill for national calls (EUR)
Povprečni mesečni račun za telefonske klice v notranjem prometu (EUR)
AL IS A
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(Source: Ninth report on the implementation of the telecommunications regulatory package, COM(2003) 715 final). final).
Vir: Deveto poročilo o izvajanju regulativnega svežnja za telekomunikacije, COM(2003) 715 konč.
Average cost for 10-minute international calls (EUR)
Povprečna cena 10-minutnega klica v mednarodnem prometu (EUR)
Legislation: Article 86 of the EC Treaty
Zakonodaja: člen 86 Pogodbe ES
If EU Member States do not comply with directives, the European Commission initiates an infringement procedure under Article 226 of the EC Treaty.
Odločbe, ki jih je Evropska komisija sprejela po členu 86, so prav tako znatno prispevale k odpiranju trgov za konkurenco.
Can public services be delivered properly in a competitive market?
Evropski komisiji daje pooblastila, da naslovi ustrezne direktive ali odločbe na države članice, ki sprejmejo ali ohranjajo ukrepe v nasprotju s pravili Pogodbe.
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The decisions taken by the European Commission under Article 86 also contributed significantly to the opening up of markets to competition.
Evropska komisija je sprejela direktive po členu 86,
The EC Treaty states that the ‘activities of the Community shall include a system ensuring that competition in the internal market is not distorted’.The European Commission opens up markets to competition through the use of different legal instruments, including Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty.
Evropska komisija je prav tako obravnavala pritožbe v drugih sektorjih, kot je npr. energetika, vendar so se našle za potrošnike ugodne rešitve, ne da bi bile potrebne formalne odločbe.
Article 86 of the EC Treaty gives the European Commission a specific duty to monitor public undertakings and undertakings to which Member States grant special or exclusive rights.
Poleg tega je Evropska komisija predlagala ukrepe Evropskemu parlamentu in Svetu, s katerimi bi se nekateri od teh trgov odprli za konkurenco.
It gives the European Commission the power to address appropriate directives or decisions to Member States which enact or maintain measures contrary to the rules contained in the Treaty.
da bi zagotovila preglednost finančnih odnosov med državami članicami in njihovimi javnimi podjetji inda bi odprla trge z elektronskimi komunikacijami za konkurenco.
POSTAL SERVICESThe Statefunded German postal service, Deutsche Post, is obliged to maintain an expensive, nationwide network of post offices and therefore has higher costs than its competitors.
Nemška poštna služba Deutsche Post, ki jo financira država, je dolžna vzdrževati drago vsenacionalno omrežje pošt in ima zaradi tega višje stroške kot njeni konkurenti.
In March 2001, when the European Commission asked Deutsche Post to provide its parcel services at a fair price, it recognised that part of Deutsche Post’s costs came from this obligation.
Ko je Evropska komisija marca 2001 zahtevala od Deutsche Post, da zagotavlja svoje paketne storitve po primerni ceni, je upoštevala, da je del stroškov Deutsche Post nastal iz te obveznosti.
As a result, it only asked Deutsche Post to set its prices to cover the extra cost of providing parcel services, over and above the cost of maintaining this network (i.e. the incremental cost).
Zaradi tega je od Deutsche Post zahtevala le, da svoje cene določi tako, da poleg stroškov za vzdrževanje omrežja pokrijejo še dodatne stroške zagotavljanja paketnih storitev (tj. inkrementalne stroške).
Opening up new markets requires additional regulation to ensure that public services continue to be provided and that the consumer is not adversely affected.
Odpiranje novih trgov zahteva dodatno ureditev, da bi lahko še naprej zagotovili izvajanje javnih storitev ter preprečili negativne posledice za potrošnika.
The European Commission also examined complaints in other sectors, such as energy, but solutions favourable to consumers were found without the need for formal decisions.
Pri uporabi konkurenčnega prava Evropska komisija vedno upošteva posebne obveznosti, ki se naložijo vsaki organizaciji, ki uživa „monopolne pravice“.
In addition, the European Commission has proposed measures to the European Parliament and the Council to open up some of these markets to competition.
Ta pristop zagotavlja obstoj poštene konkurence, ne da bi se pri tem poslabšal položaj ponudnika, ki ga financira država in ki je dolžan zagotavljati storitve v javnem interesu tudi tedaj, ko to ne prinaša dobička.
The European Commission has adopted directives under Article 86:p to ensure that financial relations between the Member States and their public companies are transparent; andp to open up the electronic communications markets to competition.
Če države članice EU ne ravnajo v skladu z direktivami, Evropska komisija sproži postopek za kršitev po členu 226 Pogodbe ES.
What is State aid?
Kaj je državna pomoč?
or part of a company, or the provision of goods and services on preferential terms, etc.),
2. da bo verjetno vplivala na trgovino med državami članicami,
2. the intervention is likely to affect trade between Member States,
DRŽAVNA POMOČ NEMŠKIM, AVSTRIJSKIM IN FRANCOSKIM DRŽAVNIM BANKAM
3. the intervention confers an advantage to the recipient on a selective basis, for example to specific companies or sectors of the industry, or to companies located in specific regions,
3. da prejemniku daje prednostni položaj na selektivni podlagi, na primer določenim podjetjem ali sektorjem gospodarstva ali podjetjem, ki se nahajajo na določenih območjih,
4. competition has been or may be distorted.
4. da je konkurenca izkrivljena ali pa bi do njenega izkrivljanja utegnilo priti.
A company which receives government support obtains an unfair advantage over its erefore, the EC Treaty generally prohibits State aid unless it is justified by reasons of general economic development.
Podjetje, ki prejme državno pomoč, pridobi nepošteno prednost pred svojimi konkurenti. Zato Pogodba ES na splošno prepoveduje državno pomoč, razen če ni utemeljena z razlogi splošnega gospodarskega razvoja.
To ensure that this prohibition is respected and exemptions are applied equally across the European Union, the European Commission is in charge of watching over the compliance of State aid with EU rules.
Evropska komisija je pristojna za nadzor nad skladnostjo državne pomoči s pravili EU, da zagotavlja spoštovanje te prepovedi in enotno uporabo izjem po vsej Evropski uniji.
It is of fundamental importance that competitors operate on an equal basis.
Bistvenega pomena je, da konkurenti poslujejo na podlagi enakih pogojev.
Faced with free trade between EU Member States and the opening of public services to competition, national authorities sometimes want to use public resources to promote certain economic activities or to protect national industries.
Nacionalni organi, ki se soočajo s prosto trgovino med državami članicami EU in odpiranjem javnih storitev za konkurenco, včasih želijo uporabiti javna sredstva za podporo nekaterih gospodarskih dejavnosti ali za zaščito nacionalne industrije.
The granting of these resources is known as State aid.
Dodeljevanje teh sredstev je znano kot državna pomoč.
As a first step, it has to determine if a company has received State aid, which is the case if the support meets the following criteria:
Nasprotno pa se splošni ukrepi ne štejejo za državno pomoč, ker niso selektivni in se nanašajo na vsa podjetja ne glede na njihovo velikost, lokacijo ali sektor.
By contrast, general measures not regarded as State aid because they are not selective and apply to all companies regardless of their size, location or sector. Examples include general taxation measures or employment legislation.
1. da jo je dodelila država ali da je bila dodeljena iz državnih virov, pri čemer so možne različne oblike (npr. subvencije, obrestne in davčne olajšave, garancije, državni holdingi celotnega ali dela podjetja ali zagotavljanje blaga in storitev po ugodnejših pogojih itd.),
1. there has been an intervention by the State or through State resources which can take a variety of forms (e.g. grants, interest and tax reliefs, guarantees, government holdings of all
Državna pomoč lahko izkrivi pošteno in učinkovito konkurenco med podjetji v državah članicah in škoduje gospodarstvu, zato Evropska komisija državno pomoč nadzira.
STATE AID TO GERMAN, AUSTRIAN AND FRENCH PUBLIC BANKSThe German and Austrian Landesbanken obtained State guarantees from their governments protecting them from bankruptcy.
Nemške in avstrijske deželne banke (Landesbanken) so od svojih vlad pridobile državne garancije, ki so jih ščitile pred stečajem.
These guarantees allowed the public banks to grant loans on more favourable conditions than their commercial competitors.After an investigation of the guarantees, the European Commission concluded that the guarantees constituted illegal State aid and negotiated their phasing out with the German and Austrian governments.A similar decision was taken with regard to a guarantee by the French government to the public financial institution Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations ( CDC ) to support the commercial banking activities of CDC.
Te garancije so državnim bankam omogočale, da dajejo posojila po ugodnejših pogojih, kot jih ponujajo njihovi komercialni konkurenti.Po preiskavi garancij je Evropska komisija ugotovila, da so garancije predstavljale državno pomoč, ki ni združljiva s skupnim trgom, in se z nemško in avstrijsko vlado dogovorila za njihovo postopno ukinitev.Podobno odločitev je Komisija sprejela glede garancije francoske vlade za državno finančno ustanovo Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations („CDC“), s katero je podprla komercialne bančne dejavnosti CDC.