natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
to promote mobility and intercultural understanding, the EU has designated language learning as an important priority and funds numerous programmes and projects in this area.
spodbujanje mobilnosti in medkulturno razumevanje je EU označila učenje jezikov kot pomembno prednostno nalogo in financira številne programe in projekte na tem področju.
This brochure explores what learning a language can do for you, its joys and challenges, how you can improve your language skills, and what the EU is doing to support language learning.
Ta brošura odkriva, kako vam lahko učenje jezika pomaga, kakšni so užitki in izzivi, kako lahko izboljšate znanje jezikov in kaj dela EU v podporo učenju jezikov.
And remember: you do not need to acquire a perfect command of a language to enjoy it.
In ne pozabite: jezika vam ni treba obvladati brezhibno, da bi lahko v njem uživali.
Moreover, the European Union has essentially become borderless and all citizens have the right to live, to study or to work wherever they want to within its borders, but the lack of language skills still represents an invisible barrier to free movement.
Poleg tega je postala Evropska unija pravzaprav brezmejna in vsi državljani imajo pravico do življenja, študija ali dela znotraj njenih meja, kjer koli želijo, vendar pa pomanjkanje znanja jezikov še vedno predstavlja nevidno oviro za prosto gibanje.
Learning a language can help improve your ability to move around freely.
Z učenjem jezika si lahko izboljšate možnost prostega gibanja.
‘One who speaks a foreign language just a little takes more pleasure in it than one who speaks it well.
„Kdor obvlada samo osnove tujega jezika, uživa bolj kot tisti, ki ga dobro obvlada.
Enjoyment belongs to those who know things halfway.’
Užitki pripadajo tistim, ki stvari obvladajo na pol.“
Getting to grips with a new language can be great fun, and you learn so much about other people and what makes them tick,’ he says.
Jezik okolja z novim jezikom je lahko zelo zabavno in veliko se lahko naučiš o drugih ljudeh in o tem, kaj jih drži pokonci,“ je dejal.
There is a certain aura of genius attached to speaking languages.
Znanju jezikov pripisujejo nekakšen duh genialnosti.
But multilingualism is not only the preserve of academics and bookish linguists; plenty of European celebrities are also multilingual.
Večjezičnost pa ni prihranjena samo za akademike in natančne jezikoslovce, tudi veliko znanih Evropejcev govori več jezikov.
Take foot - ball, a sport not traditionally associated with linguistic prowess, but which is replete with players who are fluent and articulate in several languages.
Vzemimo na primer nogomet, šport, ki navadno ni povezan z posebnim jezikovnim znanjem, pa vendar je veliko igralcev, ki tekoče in razločno govorijo več jezikov.
There is good reason for footballers to learn foreign languages, given their level of international mobility.
Nogometaši se tujih jezikov učijo zaradi pomembnega razloga, svoje mednarodne mobilnosti.
‘In my experience, if you go to a foreign country, the people there will always appreciate it if you have taken the trouble to learn their language,’ observes former England manager, the Swede Sven-Göran Eriksson.
„Moje izkušnje kažejo, da ljudje, če se odpraviš v tujo državo, vedno cenijo, če si se potrudil in se učil njihovega jezika,“ opaža nekdanji angleški trener, Šved Sven-Göran Eriksson, ki zdaj trenira mehiško državno moštvo.
For instance, former French captain and national hero Zinedine Zidane speaks French, Italian, Spanish, Arabic and Berber.
Nekdanji francoski kapetan in narodni junak Zinedine Zidan na primer govori francosko, italijansko, špansko, arabsko in berbersko.
Ruud van Nistelrooy, the famous Dutch striker, speaks four languages, while his compatriot ‘Lucky’ Guus Hiddink, the celebrated football coach, speaks five languages.
Ruud van Nistelrooy, znani nizozemski napadalec, govori štiri jezike, njegov rojak „srečni“ Guus Hiddink, slavni nogometni trener, pa pet jezikov. Ko je priljubljeni angleški napadalec Gary Lineker, pozneje televizijski komentator, igral za Barcelono, je svoje modrosti delil v španščini.
Europe’s tennis courts also buzz with players who can serve and volley in more than one language, including Belgian champions Kim Clijsters and Justine Henin, the Swiss legend Roger Federer and the Russian Elena Dementieva.
Tudi atleti v številnih drugih športih govorijo več kot en jezik. „Čeprav sem
‘I really enjoy learning languages, although at times it is a bit frustrating to see that you still have an awful lot to learn even though you have a good command of the language.’
Ko potujem na tekmovanja v Evropo, redno uporabljam francoščino in nemščino,“ pravi britanska maratonska tekačica Paula Radclie.
‘Although I’m known first and foremost as an athlete, my foreign language skills have given another dimension to my career.
Delovna mesta, povezana z jeziki, vključno s prevajanjem in tolmačenjem, so prav tako dobra možnost za poklicno pot v EU.
I regularly use French and German when I travel to compete in Europe,’ says British marathon runner Paula Radclie.
Jezikoslovci se lahko odločijo za poklic v različnih sektorjih, v turizmu, založništvu in večnacionalnih organizacijah ali podjetjih.
In addition, jobs relating to languages, including translation and interpret - ation, are good career options across the EU.
Znanje jezika lahko pomaga pri razumevanju tuje kulture in družbe.
Knowledge of a language can help unlock a foreign culture and society.
Učenje novega jezika zahteva, podobno kot učenje glasbe, nekaj truda, vendar je zelo koristno in napredovanje je lahko prav tako prijetno kot dosega cilja, to vam lahko pove vsakdo, ki se je kdaj podal na to pot.
Learning a new language — like learning music — requires some eort but is enormously rewarding, and the journey can be as enjoyable as the arrival, as anyone who has embarked on this road can tell you.
„Zame gre pri učenju jezika predvsem za sporazumevanje z ljudmi iz drugih delov sveta in drugih kultur, kar je zelo pomembno zaradi moje strasti do potovanja,“ pravi Celia, Španka, ki govori štiri jezike.
‘For me, learning a language is all about communicating with people from other parts of the world and other cultures, which is very important given my passion for travelling,’ says Celia, a Spaniard who
„Ob učenju jezikov zelo uživam, čeprav si lahko včasih precej razočaran, ko vidiš, da se moraš še ogromno naučiti, kljub temu, da jezik že dobro obvladaš.“
‘The real voyage of discovery consists not in seeking new lands but in seeing with new eyes,’
„Resnično dejanje odkrivanja ni iskanje novih dežel, ampak gledanje z novimi očmi.“
And knowing a foreign language can equip you with those eyes, because it enables you to speak to people in their own language and provides you with first-hand insight into the culture and literature of a place.
In znanje tujega jezika vam lahko da te oči, saj vam omogoči sporazumevanje z ljudmi v njihovem lastnem jeziku in zagotavlja vpogled v njihovo kulturo in književnost iz prve roke.
In fact, a new language can be considered a verbal land of opportunity.
Znanje tujega jezika je pomembno sredstvo za razumevanje med ljudmi različnih družb.
As Frank Smith, the psycholinguist, put it: ‘One
Kot pravi južnoafriški vodja Nelson Mandela, pa samo en sporazumevalni jezik ni
Knowledge of foreign languages is an important medium of understanding between peoples from dierent soci - eties.
Pravzaprav lahko nov jezik opredelimo kot jezikovno deželo priložnosti.
As the world shrinks to become a global village and grows gradually
Kot pravi psiholingvist Frank Smith: „En jezik vas postavi na hodnik življenja.
Mandela, South Africa’s freedom leader, put it: ‘If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head.
dovolj: „Če s človekom govorite v jeziku, ki ga razume, bo to prišlo v njegovo glavo.
If you talk to him in his own language, that goes to his heart.’
Če govorite z njim v njegovem jeziku, bo to prišlo do njegovega srca.“
‘He who knows no foreign language knows nothing of his own’
„Kdor ne pozna tujih jezikov, tudi o svojem ne ve veliko.“
Some people attain such a command of another language that they can actually write in it.
Nekateri tako dovršeno obvladajo drug jezik, da lahko v njem celo pišejo.
One of the best-known examples of this was Joseph Conrad, a Polish writer who is widely regarded as one of the greatest English-language novelists ever.
Eden najboljših primerov je Joseph Conrad, poljski pisatelj, splošno priznan kot eden največjih angleških romanopiscev vseh časov.
This achievement is all the more remarkable considering that Conrad did not learn English until he was well into his twenties, picking it up on his voyages with the British merchant navy.
Ta dosežek je toliko izjemnejši, če upoštevamo, da se Conrad ni učil angleškega jezika vse do svojih poznih dvajsetih let, ko je začel potovati z britansko trgovsko mornarico.
Other multilingual writers include the Czech–French novelist Milan Kundera, who personally revises the French translations of his books, and the Russian–American writer Vladimir Nabokov, who penned his first nine novels in Russian before producing some of the English language’s greatest modern classics.
Drugi večjezični pisatelji so še češko-francoski romanopisec Milan Kundera, ki osebno lektorira francoske prevode svojih knjig, in rusko-ameriški pisatelj Vladimir Nabokov, ki je v ruščini napisal prvih devet romanov, nato pa je izdal nekaj največjih modernih klasik v angleškem jeziku.
A contemporary example is Vassilis Alexakis who writes in both French and Greek.
Sodobni primer je Vassilis Alexakis, ki piše v francoščini in grščini.
In 2007, he received the Grand prix du roman de l’Académie Française, one of France’s most prestigious literary awards.
Leta 2007 je prejel nagrado „Grand prix du roman de l'Académie Française“, eno najprestižnejših francoskih književnih nagrad.
One of his most famous works, Les mots étrangers (Foreign words), features a cultural and linguistic voyage through France, Greece and the Central African Republic, where the narrator decides to learn the country’s main language, Sango.
Eno njegovih najbolj znanih del, Le mots étrangers (Tuje besede), govori o kulturnem in jezikovnem potovanju čez Francijo, Grčijo in Srednjeafriško republiko, kjer se pripovedovalec odloči, da se bo naučil glavni državni jezik, sango.
Investing in language
Vlaganje v jezik
Some individuals learn a language for purely practical purposes.
Nekateri se jezika učijo iz povsem praktičnih namenov.
‘I learnt French for strictly professional reasons and as a means of communication with the inhabitants of the country I live in,’ explains Angel, a Bulgarian IT specialist who lives in Belgium.
„Francosko sem se naučila iz poklicnih razlogov in zaradi sporazumevanja s prebivalci države, kjer živim,“ razlaga Angel, bolgarski specialist za IT, ki živi v Belgiji.
language skills opened up career opportunities for him and facilitated his contacts within the Austrian and German banking sector.
znanje nemškega jezika odprlo poklicne možnosti in olajšalo stike z avstrijskim in nemškim bančnim sektorjem.
He observed how attitudes to language have changed rapidly as a result of political change in the former Czechoslovakia: Russian used to be compulsory, was subsequently rejected for political reasons and has recently been in demand again, mainly for commercial purposes.
Videl je, kako se je v nekdanji Češkoslovaški hitro spreminjal odnos do jezika zaradi političnih sprememb: včasih je bila ruščina obvezna, nato so jo zavračali iz političnih razlogov, zdaj pa je po njej spet povpraševanje, v glavnem v komercialne namene.
Others have mixed motives for learning a language.
Drugi imajo več različnih motivov za učenje jezika.
‘Learning French has benefited me professionally,’ says Simon, a British manager.
„Z učenjem francoščine sem imel veliko koristi tudi poklicno,“ pravi Simon, britanski direktor.
‘It has also made it possible for me to get to know French-speaking people all over the world.’
„To mi je omogočilo, da sem spoznal tudi francosko govoreče ljudi po vsem svetu.“
Having multilingual staff can enhance the competitiveness of your business, if you are an entrepreneur or business manager.
Z učenjem jezika lahko izkoristite službene in študijske priložnosti.
Hence, a shortage of language skills can carry an economic price.
Pomaga vam lahko tudi do boljše poklicne poti, saj vam zagotavlja konkurenčno prednost. Dušan, češki svetovalec, pravi, da mu je
Learning a language can enable you to take advantage of job and study opportunities.
Večjezično osebje lahko okrepi konkurenčnost vašega podjetja, če ste podjetnik ali poslovnež.
It can also help you improve your career by providing you with a competitive edge.
Zato lahko pomanjkanje znanja jezikov prinaša s seboj določeno gospodarsko ceno.
One Italian producer of chemicals and abrasives for the automotive industry which is in the process of entering foreign markets has found it challenging finding staff with the necessary linguistic talent to act as go-betweens.
Italijanski izdelovalec kemikalij in abrazivov za avtomobilsko industrijo, ki vstopa na tuje trge, je naletel na težave pri iskanju osebja za posredovanje s potrebnim znanjem jezikov.
The company has been striving to persuade Italian universities to promote language learning.
Podjetje si prizadeva prepričati italijanske univerze, da bi spodbujale učenje jezikov.
For instance, many jobs in Belgium require applicants to be competent in at least the country’s two ocial languages and another major European language.
Na primer, za veliko služb v Belgiji se od kandidatov zahteva znanje vsaj dveh uradnih državnih jezikov in enega večjega evropskega jezika.
In fact, an impressive three quarters of large companies in Europe have an established scheme for recruiting staff with language skills.
Pravzaprav ima kar tri četrtine velikih podjetij v Evropi vzpostavljene sheme za zaposlovanje ljudi z znanjem jezikov.
The situation is not much dierent in Poland.
Stanje na Poljskem ni dosti drugačno.
‘I have talked to frustrated people at local chambers of commerce who have helped small companies ... More often than they would like to admit, it was all wasted as the companies didn’t have anybody with language skills,’ explains Sabina Klimek, a member of the EU-backed Business Forum for Multilingualism.
„Govorila sem z razočaranimi ljudmi v lokalnih trgovinskih zbornicah, ki so pomagali malim podjetjem … Pogosteje kot bi si želeli priznati, je bilo vse zaman, saj podjetja niso imela nikogar z znanjem jezikov,“ pravi Sabina Klimek, članica poslovnega foruma za večjezičnost, ki ga podpira EU.
This multilingual reality is one that many employers and workers are aware of.
Večjezična realnost je nekaj, česar se zaveda veliko delodajalcev in delavcev.
Likewise, many European universities are oering programmes in foreign languages, both to lure foreign students or to enhance the mobility of local students.
Podobno veliko evropskih univerz ponuja programe v tujih jezikih, da privabijo tuje študente ali povečajo mobilnost domačih.
Some Lithuanian universities oer programmes in English, French, German and Russian.
Nekaj litovskih univerz ponuja programe v angleščini, francoščini, nemščini in ruščini.
In Belgium, the Czech Republic and Romania, some universities oer graduate programmes in natural sciences, history or geography with a minor in foreign languages, in some cases leading to a double degree.
Nekatere univerze v Belgiji, na Češkem in v Romuniji ponujajo študij naravoslovja, zgodovine ali geografije s sekundarnim študijem tujih jezikov, ki v nekaterih primerih vodi do dvojne diplome.
Language for all
Jezik za vse
Disadvantaged groups in society, including the socially or economically marginalised and the physically or mentally challenged, often lack the opportunity, motivation and access to the resources necessary to improve their language skills.
Prikrajšane skupine v družbi, vključno z ljudmi na socialnem in ekonomskem robu ter s fizičnimi ali duševnimi motnjami, pogosto nimajo možnosti, motivacije in dostopa do virov, ki so nujni za izboljšanje znanja jezikov.
The EU-funded Allegro (1) project aimed to bring language learning to disadvantaged groups through innovative, easy-to-access approaches to language teaching.
Projekt Allegro (1), ki ga financira EU, želi prikrajšanim skupinam približati učenje jezikov s pomočjo inovativnih in lahko dostopnih načinov poučevanja jezikov.
For many of those who took part in the project, it enhanced their belief in their abilities.
Mnogim, ki so sodelovali v tem projektu, se je okrepilo zaupanje v njihove sposobnosti.
‘We are as good as everyone else,’ a Spanish learner with mental health issues said.
„Prav tako dobri smo kot vsi drugi,“ je povedal učenec španščine z motnjami v duševnem razvoju.
It also challenged the perceptions of teachers regarding the abilities of learners from certain backgrounds.
Spremenil se je tudi odnos učiteljev do zmožnosti učencev iz revnejšega okolja. „V čast mi je bilo učiti tako motivirane in navdušene učence,“ je povedal učitelj, ki je učil zapornike iz kaznilnice Nottingham.
The feeling was mutual.
Občutki so bili vzajemni. „To je dobro.
You tell that European Commission we want more Dutch,’ said one of the prisoners.
Povejte tisti Evropski komisiji, da bi radi več nizozemščine,“ je rekel eden od zapornikov.
Taking the plunge to communicate,’ recalls Caroline, a Belgian oce worker.
Odločilni korak spominja Caroline, belgijska uslužbenka.
‘People’s school experience can also make them reluctant to learn languages in later life.’
„Izkušnje, ki jih imajo ljudje v šoli, jih lahko odvrnejo od učenja jezikov tudi pozneje v življenju.“
A question of timing
Vprašanje časovne usklajenosti
People who have not yet embarked on the road to learning a foreign language, may feel concerned or afraid, like looking at the sea when they do not know how to swim.
Tisti, ki se še niso podali na pot učenja tujega jezika, so morda zaskrbljeni ali prestrašeni, kot če bi gledali v morje, pa ne bi znali plavati. A učenje jezika je res nekoliko podob- no učenju plavanja, presenetljivo preprosto je potem, ko skočite v vodo.
The demands of life are often major barriers.
Življenjske potrebe so pogosto velika ovira.
‘I’m always so busy.
„Vedno sem tako zaseden.
I don’t have the time to study properly,’ complains Reinald, a Belgian graphics designer.
Nimam časa za ustrezno učenje,“ se pritožuje Reinald, belgijski grafični oblikovalec.
But many learners have found that making time is incredibly enriching.
Veliko tistih, ki pa vseeno najdejo čas, je ugotovilo, da jih učenje jezikov zelo bogati.
Speaking a major world language can also act as a demotivator.
Kljub dejstvu, da so se ljudje iz vseh družbenih slojev in vseh stopenj izobrazbe sposobni učiti tuj jezik, veliko ljudi meni, da gre za izziv, na katerega niso pripravljeni.
‘If you’ve got English, you don’t really need anything else,’ reckons Neil, a British editor.
Čeprav veliko ljudi odkrije strast do jezikov, ker jih navdušijo učitelji, se lahko tak odnos začne v šoli, ko jezik še nima pomembne vrednosti in so izpiti odbijajoči.
‘But making the eort gives you an extra depth of enjoyment and understanding.’
„Šola te običajno ne usposobi za sporazumevanje,“ se
Despite the fact that people of all social backgrounds and education levels are capable of acquiring a foreign language, many people feel that it is a challenge that they are not equipped for.
Obvladanje velikega svetovnega jezika pa lahko tudi zmanjša motivacijo.
Although many people discover a passion for languages inspired by their teachers, this attitude can begin in school, when the value of a language is not yet appreciated and exams are a turn-o.
„Če obvladate angleščino, pravzaprav ne potrebujete nič drugega,“ priznava Neil, britanski urednik.
‘School doesn’t usually equip you
„A prizadevanje vam omogoči dodatno globino uživanja in razumevanja.“
But as millions of mature learners have discovered, it is never too late to pick up a language.
„Pri mojih letih se je zelo težko naučiti jezika,“ meni Daniel, direktor v poznih petdesetih. A milijoni odraslih učencev so odkrili, da ni nikoli prepozno za učenje jezika.
Subtitles not necessary
Podnapisi niso potrebni
The glittering world of European cinema has a large ensemble cast of multilingual stars, including the French actress Juliette Binoche and actor Jean Reno, the British actresses Charlotte Rampling and Vanessa Redgrave, the Spanish actress Penelope Cruz and actor Antonio Banderas, the Swedish actor Max von Sydow and the Greek actress Irene Papas.
V bleščečem svetu evropskih kinematografov je veliko večjezičnih zvezd, med njimi francoska igralka Juliette Binoche in igralec Jean Reno, britanski igralki Charlotte Rampling in Vanessa Redgrave, španska igralka Penelope Cruz in igralec Antonio Banderas, švedski igralec Max von Sydow in grška igralka Irene Papas.
‘I had the luck that my parents educated me in three languages.
„Imela sem srečo, da so me starši izobraževali v treh jezikih.
With my mother I spoke Dutch, with my father Italian, and at school I learned German.
Z mamo sem govorila nizozemsko, z očetom italijansko, v šoli pa sem se učila nemško.
But my host language is Italian,’ explains Swiss–Italian actress and model Michelle Hunziker.
A moj glavni jezik je italijanščina,“ pojasnjuje švicarsko-italijanska igralka in model Michelle Hunziker.
.As easy as A, B, C …
Preprosto kot a, b, c …
While learning a language — even your native tongue — can be transformed into a lifelong endeavour, you do not need to become a writer, poet or orator in the foreign language.
Čeprav lahko postane jezik – celo vaš materni jezik – projekt vseživljenjskega učenja, ni nujno, da postanete pisatelj, pesnik ali govornik v tujem jeziku.
Many people are put o learning a language because they have the impression that it will take them a lifetime to learn all the words and grammar.
Veliko ljudi odlaša z učenjem jezika, ker menijo, da bodo za učenje vseh besed in slovnice potrebovali celo večnost.
However, evidence suggests that, with the right approach and motivation, most people can pick up at least a basic command of a foreign language.
Ne glede na to pa dokazi kažejo, da lahko s pravim pristopom in motivacijo večina ljudi osvoji vsaj osnove tujega jezika.
A good example of this is that people from disadvantaged backgrounds often grow up without ever learn- ing to use a foreign language, and sometimes they may even be barely literate in their mother tongue.
Dober primer so ljudje iz prikrajšanih območij, ki so pogosto odraščali brez vsakega učenja uporabe tujega jezika in so včasih komaj pismeni celo v maternem jeziku.
But this has more to do with their social circumstances rather than innate ability, as was amply demonstrated by the EU-backed Allegro project.
Ampak to je bolj posledica socialnih okoliščin kot prirojene sposobnosti, kot je pokazal projekt Allegro, ki ga podpira EU.
Children are widely perceived as being the best language learners.
Otroci na splošno veljajo za najboljše učence jezikov.
Kids have more flexible minds, fewer inhibitions, abundant supplies of time and enjoy mimicking, which are great helps, and their super ior ability at picking up accents makes them sound more convincing.
Imajo prožnejši um, manj zadržkov, veliko časa in uživajo v oponašanju, kar jim je v veliko pomoč, poleg tega pa zaradi izredne sposobnosti učenja naglasov zvenijo še toliko prepričljivejše.
However, adults have their own advantages: they have a more developed awareness of the mechanics and structure of language, and they grasp grammar more easily.
Vendar imajo tudi odrasli svoje prednosti: bolj se zavedajo mehanizma in strukture jezika ter se lažje naučijo slovnice.
Immigrant adults often acquire a similar command
Odrasli priseljenci pogosto pridobijo podobno znanje
Choose your level of the host language as their children but rarely manage the accent.
Izberite svojo raven jezika države gostiteljice kot njihovi otroci, le redko pa jim uspe prevzeti tudi naglas.
In fact, without any knowledge of a language, people can understand a surprising amount.
Zato je trditev, da je nekdo „prestar“, kratko malo zmotna.