natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The remaining sites included four Austrian online shops, two German sites, a United Kingdom site linked to a Dutch online shop and a Polish site.
Ostale spletne strani vključujejo štiri avstralske spletne trgovine, dve nemški spletni strani, spletno stran iz Združenega kraljestva, povezano z nizozemsko spletno trgovino, in poljsko spletno stran.
Many sites are multilingual (mainly with English, French and German options) and the majority offer international shipping.
Večina spletnih strani je narejenih v več jezikih (večinoma z izbiro angleškega, francoskega in nemškega jezika) in večina nudi tudi možnost mednarodnih pošiljk.
Compared with cannabis, the most commonly used illicit substance in the EU, far fewer people have used hallucinogenic mushrooms.
V primerjavi s kanabisom, ki je v EU najpogosteje uporabljena prepovedana snov, veliko manj ljudi uporablja halucinogene gobe.
Among young people aged 15 to 24 years old in 12 EU Member States, the proportion who have ever used hallucinogenic mushrooms ranges from less than 1% to 8%.
V 12 državah članicah EU se delež mladih, starih med 15 in 24 let, ki so že uporabili halucinogene gobe, giblje med manj kot 1 % in 8 %.
Among school students aged 15 to 16 years, in some countries, experimentation with hallucinogenic mushrooms appears to equal that with ecstasy.
Med dijaki, starimi od 15 do 16 let, je v nekaterih državah eksperimentiranje s halucinogenimi gobami najverjetneje enako kot pri ekstaziju.
Repeated or regular use of mushrooms is reportedly considerably lower than for stimulant drugs such as cocaine and amphetamine.
Ponavljajoča se ali redna uporaba gob je po poročilih znatno nižja kot uporaba stimulansov, kot so kokain in amfetamini.
As with the other main type of hallucinogenic drug, LSD, young people who experiment with mushrooms generally do not go on to become frequent or regular users.
Tako kot pri drugi glavni vrsti halucinogenih drog – LSDju – mladi, ki eksperimentirajo z gobami, običajno ne postanejo pogosti ali redni uporabniki.
Information about health risks associated with hallucinogenic mushroom use varies between online shops.
Informacije o zdravstvenih tveganjih, povezanih z uporabo halucinogenih gob, se med spletnimi trgovinami razlikujejo.
Most online mushroom shops warn against using hallucinogenic mushrooms when taking medication or in combination with alcohol or other drugs.
Večina spletnih trgovin z gobami opozarja pred uporabo halucinogenih gob med jemanjem zdravil ali v kombinaciji z alkoholom ali drugimi drogami.
However, one in three shops give no warning about the dangers of hallucinogen use to sufferers of depression or psychosis.
Vendar tretjina trgovin ne opozarja na nevarnosti uporabe halucinogenih drog za ljudi, ki trpijo za depresijo ali psihozo.
Only half of the online shops provide information on dosage and safe use practices.
Samo polovica spletnih trgovin zagotavlja informacije o odmerjeni količini in praksah varne uporabe.
The sale of hallucinogenic mushrooms by smart shops and market stalls in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom appears to have played an important role in facilitating the use of mushrooms during the late 1990s.
Zdi se, da je imela prodaja halucinogenih gob v „smart shopih“ in na stojnicah na tržnicah na Nizozemskem in v Združenem kraljestvu v poznih devetdesetih letih dvajsetega stoletja pomembno vlogo pri spodbujanju njihove uporabe.
While exact figures on the revenue from sales of hallucinogenic mushrooms by retailers are not available, information mainly from these two countries provides an indication of the economic interest driving this product.
Medtem ko natančni zneski prihodkov preprodajalcev od prodaje halucinogenih gob niso na voljo, podatki zlasti iz teh dveh držav kažejo, da ta proizvod spodbuja ekonomski interes.
For example, in 2000 it was estimated that magic mushrooms make up 50% of smart shops’ turnover.
Leta 2000 je bilo na primer ocenjeno, da čudežne gobice ustvarjajo 50 % prometa „smart shopov“.
In the United Kingdom, prior to July 2005 the Treasury collected sales tax on hallucinogenic mushrooms estimated to be worth up to 175,000 pounds sterling (EUR 255,421) a year on a turnover estimated of around 1 million pounds sterling (EUR 1.46 million) per annum.
V Združenem kraljestvu je bil prometni davek na halucinogene gobe, plačan Ministrstvu za finance pred julijem 2005, ocenjen na 175 000 britanskih funtov (255 421 EUR) letno, celotni prihodek oz. priliv v proračun pa je bil ocenjen na približno 1 milijon britanskih funtov (1,46 milijona EUR) letno.
In addition to retail outlets, there has also been an increase in the number of online smart shops.
Poleg specializiranih trgovin in stojnic za prodajo halucinogenih gob se je povečalo tudi število spletnih „smart shopov“.
In 2006, the
Leta 2006 je Evropski center
The number of reports of fatal and nonfatal emergencies from hallucinogenic mushrooms is very low.
Poročila o nujnih primerih s smrtnim izidom in brez smrtnega izida zaradi halucinogenih gob so zelo redka.
In general, the physiological effects are short-lasting and not significant and may include dizziness, nausea, weakness, muscle aching, shivering, abdominal pain, dilation of pupils (mydriasis), mild-to-moderate increase in heart rate and
Na splošno so fiziološki učinki kratkotrajni in nepomembni, vključujejo pa lahko vrtoglavost, slabost, slabotnost, bolečine v mišicah, tresenje, trebušne bolečine, razširjene zenice (midriaza),
Drug surveys conducted in music festivals and electronic dance music settings show that in these settings prevalence of illegal drug use is consistently higher than among the general or school populations, and use of hallucinogenic mushrooms is more common among young people who have used illegal drugs than among young people who have not.
Raziskave o drogah, izvedene na glasbenih festivalih in prireditvah z elektronsko plesno glasbo, kažejo, da je v teh okoljih razširjenost prepovedanih drog večja kot med splošno ali šolsko populacijo. Uporaba halucinogenih drog pa je pogostejša med mladimi, ki uporabljajo prepovedane droge, kot med mladimi, ki jih ne.
Comparability between these types of survey is poor, and conclusions about trends must be drawn with caution.
Primerjava med temi vrstami raziskav je pomanjkljiva, zato je treba zaključke o trendih oblikovati s previdnostjo.
Data from the Netherlands suggests a stable situation between 2000 and 2005, whereas data from the United Kingdom shows a strong increase between 2002 and 2004.
Podatki iz Nizozemske kažejo ustaljeno stanje med letoma 2000 in 2005, medtem ko podatki iz Združenega kraljestva kažejo močno povečanje med letoma 2002 in 2004.
prevalence of use: Denmark (2001), the Netherlands (2002), Germany, Estonia, the United Kingdom (2005) and Ireland (2006).
svoje zakonodaje o halucinogenih gobah: Danska (2001), Nizozemska (2002), Nemčija, Estonija, Združeno kraljestvo (2005) in Irska (2006).
breathing (tachycardia, tachypnea) and elevation of blood pressure.
blago do zmerno povišanje srčnega utripa (tahikardija) in pospešeno dihanje (tahipneja) ter povišan krvni pritisk.
However, pronounced physical symptoms such as severe stomach pain, persistent vomiting and diarrhoea have been recorded.
Zabeleženi pa so bili tudi izraziti fizični simptomi, kot so hude trebušne bolečine, trdovratno bruhanje in driska.
The acute toxicity of psilocybin is believed to be low, and this is supported by the fact that reports of fatal poisonings with hallucinogenic mushrooms are rare.
Akutna toksičnost psilocibina je verjetno nizka, kar izhaja iz dejstva, da so poročila o smrtni zastrupitvi s halucinogenimi gobami redka.
Poisoning can occur when mushrooms picked in the wild are consumed, if toxic species are mistaken for hallucinogenic mushrooms.
Zastrupitev lahko nastopi pri uporabi gob, nabranih v naravi, če se toksične vrste zamenjajo s halucinogenimi gobami.
images, severe paranoia and total loss of reality, which may lead to accidents, self-injury or suicide attempts.
akutne psihotične epizode, vključno z bizarnimi in strašljivimi podobami, huda paranoja in popolna izguba občutka za realnost, ki lahko vodijo do nesreč, samopoškodb ali poskusov samomora.
Although many prevention programmes include information on hallucinogenic drugs alongside information on other drugs in order to raise awareness, there appears to be a lack of specific information about health risks related to the use of hallucinogenic mushrooms provided to professionals working with young people.
Čeprav mnogo preventivnih programov za izboljšanje ozaveščenosti vključuje informacije o halucinogenih drogah poleg informacij o drugih drogah, pa se strokovnjaki, ki delajo z mladimi, srečujejo s pomanjkanjem specifičnih informacij o zdravstvenih tveganjih, povezanih z uporabo halucinogenih gob.
On the other hand, users and lobby groups have set up several internet sites providing information on hallucinogenic mushrooms.
Po drugi strani pa so uporabniki in skupine lobistov vzpostavili več spletnih strani za zagotavljanje informacij o halucinogenih gobah.
Recent changes in legislation
Nedavne spremembe zakonodaje
Legislating against the use of hallucinogenic mushrooms presents lawmakers with several problems.
Priprava zakonodaje proti uporabi halucinogenih gob je zakonodajalcem povzročila kar nekaj težav.
Legislation should not unjustly criminalise people on whose land mushrooms grow wild.
Tako zakonodaja ne sme neupravičeno kriminalizirati lastnikov zemljišč, na katerih rastejo divje gobe.
One solution was to state that mushrooms were illegal if ‘treated or prepared’ (Irish and United Kingdom legislation), which indicate the intent of use.
Ena izmed uporabljenih rešitev je, da so gobe prepovedane, če se jih „predeluje in pripravlja“ (zakonodaja Irske in Združenega kraljestva), kar kaže na namen uporabe.
Similarly, the Dutch Supreme Court ruled that mushrooms were under control when ‘dried or processed’.
Nizozemsko vrhovno sodišče pa predpisuje, da se gobe nadzorujejo, če se jih „suši ali obdeluje“.
Use of hallucinogenic mushrooms is more commonly linked to mental health risks.
Zaradi povečanja števila „smart shopov“, ki izkoriščajo to vrzel s prodajo svežih gob, je npr.
In such cases, the intoxicated individuals are usually extremely anxious, severely agitated, confused and disoriented, with impaired concentration and judgment.
Združeno kraljestvo leta 2004 trdilo, da je tudi embalaža oblika „priprave“.
In serious cases, acute psychotic episodes may occur, including bizarre and frightening
Vendar se je zakonodaja v Združenem kraljestvu leta 2005 za področje halucinogenih gob spremenila in zdaj ne omenja njihovega stanja.
Psilocybin and psilocin (or psilotsin) are controlled under 1971 UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances and listed in Schedule I, though how mushrooms containing them are classified is not always clear.
Psilocibin in psilocin ureja Konvencija ZN o psihotropnih snoveh iz leta 1971; navedena sta v seznamu I, čeprav način, po katerem so razporejene gobe, ki ju vsebujejo, ni vedno razumljiv.
Six EU Member States have tightened their legislation on hallucinogenic mushrooms since 2001, in response to concerns about
Od leta 2001 je šest držav članic zaradi zaskrbljenosti glede razširjenosti uporabe zaostrilo
Prevalence of ever in lifetime use of hallucinogenic mushrooms is higher among young people attending dance music events (clubbers) than among the general population
Delež mladih, ki so že poskusili halucinogene gobe, je večji med mladimi, ki se udeležujejo plesno glasbenih prireditev (obiskovalci klubov), kot med splošno populacijo
Drugs laws in Greece, Italy, Cyprus and Lithuania have a catch-all term prohibiting cultivation of plants from which narcotic substances can be extracted.
V zakonodajah o drogah v Grčiji, Italiji, na Cipru in v Litvi najdemo vseobsegajoči izraz za prepoved gojenja rastlin, iz katerih je mogoče pridobivati izvlečke narkotičnih snovi.
Yet, it is debatable if a mushroom is strictly a ‘plant’; hence the recent amendment to the German law in 2005 adopting the term ‘organic’ substances, rather than the previously used ‘plants and animals’ in order to close any possible loophole for mushrooms.
Ker je sporno, ali je goba nedvomno „rastlina“; je nedavno prišlo do spremembe nemške zakonodaje iz leta 2005, in sicer so izraz „rastline in živali“, nadomestili z izrazom „organske“, da bi se na ta način izognili morebitni vrzeli glede opredelitve gob.
General population (age 15–24)
Splošna populacija (15–24 let)
School students (age 15–16)
Dijaki (15–16 let)
Notes: Estimates for recreational settings are based on non-probability samples using a variety of methods and sampling frames.
Opombe: Ocene sprostitvenih okolij temeljijo na nereprezentativnih vzorcih, ki uporabljajo različne metode in okvire vzorčenja.
Prevalence of drug use among the broader population of clubbers cannot be inferred from these samples.
Iz teh vzorcev ni mogoče sklepati o razširjenosti uporabe drog med širšo populacijo obiskovalcev klubov.
See EMCDDA (2006) for details.
Za podrobne informacije glej EMCDDA (2006).
Changes in legislation have had an impact on the availability of hallucinogenic mushrooms and overall volume of internet sales.
Spremembe v zakonodaji so vplivale na razpoložljivost halucinogenih gob in celotne količine spletne prodaje.
An analysis of the different products promoted by online retailers revealed that those in the United Kingdom started to switch their sales to legal but more toxic alternatives, such as fly agaric, Amanita muscaria, or the closely related Amanita pantherina since the ban on hallucinogenic mushrooms.
Analiza različnih proizvodov, ki jih promovirajo spletni preprodajalci, je pokazala, da so preprodajalci v Združenem kraljestvu po prepovedi halucinogenih gob začeli svojo prodajo preusmerjati na dovoljene, vendar bolj škodljive alternative, kot je rdeča mušnica (Amanita muscaria) ali zelo podobna pegasta oz. panterjeva mušnica (Amanita pantherina).
The briefings are published three times a year in the 23 official languages of the European Union plus Norwegian and Turkish.
Poročila izidejo trikrat na leto v 23 uradnih jezikih Evropske unije in v turškem in norveškem. Izvorni jezik je angleški.
For free subscriptions, please specify your requirements via e-mail info@emcdda.europa.eu
Brezplačen izvod lahko naročite na elektronskem naslovu: publications@emcdda.europa.eu
Drugs and crime — a complex relationship
Kompleksna povezanost drog in kriminala
EN C of drug use and problem drug users are frequently found to be offenders.
Potreba po opredelitvi kriminala, povezanega z drogami stopnje uporabe drog, problematični uporabniki drog pa so pogosto storilci kaznivih dejanj.
However, the relationship between drugs and crime is neither simple nor linear.
Povezava med drogami in kriminalom pa ni niti preprosta niti linearna.
Nor is it universal: many repeat offenders are not involved in drug use and many dependent drug users do not commit any crimes (other than drug use/possession, where it is criminalised).
In tudi ni univerzalna: številni večkratni storilci kaznivih dejanj namreč niso uporabniki drog in številni uporabniki drog ne storijo kaznivega dejanja (razen uporabe drog/posedovanja drog, kjer je to kaznivo dejanje).
And some may go on to become more regular or dependent drug users, which can in turn lead to their increased involvement in crime or the drug market.
Nekateri izmed njih lahko postanejo bolj redni ali odvisni uporabniki drog, kar lahko pripelje do večje vključenosti v kriminal ali trg z drogami. Tako lahko obstaja vzajemni učinek med vpletenostjo v kazniva dejanja in uporabo drog.
Thus, a mutual reinforcement effect between criminal involvement and drug use can exist, with those involved in a deviant criminal subculture being at elevated risk of developing drug problems and those with drug problems being at elevated risk of becoming involved in criminal acts.
Pri tem obstaja pri tistih, ki so vključeni v deviantno kriminalno subkulturo, večje tveganje za razvoj težav z drogami, in pri tistih, ki imajo težave z drogo, večje tveganje za to, da so vpleteni v kazniva dejanja.
The need to prevent drug-related crime is high on the European policy agenda, as illustrated by the fact that the current EU drug strategy identifies this objective as a key area of action for achieving its aim of ensuring a high level of security for the general public.
Potreba po preprečevanju kriminala, povezanega z drogami, je ena od najpomembnejših prednostnih nalog evropske politike. To potrjuje tudi strategija EU za boj proti drogam, ki ta cilj opredeljuje kot ključno področje ukrepanja za zagotavljanje visoke stopnje varnosti širše javnosti.
However, a necessary prerequisite to discussion on the extent of this problem and for considering the impact of interventions is an agreed conceptual framework for describing the problem.
Nujni predpogoj za razpravo o obsegu tega problema in obravnavo vpliva ukrepov je dogovorjen konceptualni okvir za opredelitev tega problema.
This is also recognised in the current EU drugs action plan (2005–08), where the development of a common definition of drug-related crime is an explicit action.
Tudi v akcijskem načrtu EU za boj proti drogam (2005–2008) je razvoj skupne opredelitve kriminala, povezanega z drogami, naveden kot ekspliciten ukrep.
In this policy briefing the different types of offences that might be encompassed under a general heading of drug-related crime are explored.
To informativno poročilo s področja politik obravnava različne vrste kaznivih dejanj, ki se uvrščajo v kriminal, povezan z drogami.
Although studies do not show any strong link between experimental drug use and offending, they do tend to show that delinquency often precedes involvement with illicit drugs.
Čeprav študije ne kažejo močne povezave med eksperimentalno uporabo drog in kaznivimi dejanji, pa opozarjajo, da prestopništvo pogosto vodi v uporabo prepovedanih drog.
This is especially true for those drugs particularly associated with dependence and problems, such as heroin or crack cocaine.
To še zlasti drži za droge, kot npr. heroin ali crack kokain, ki povzročajo odvisnost in druge težave.
Studies have also shown that dependent drug users may commit acquisitive crimes as a means of supporting their drug habits.
Študije so tudi pokazale, da lahko odvisni uporabniki drog storijo kazniva dejanja zaradi pridobitve sredstev, ki jih potrebujejo za drogo.
For the career criminal, drugs may form part of the deviant lifestyle, with spending on drugs being a
Za poklicne kriminalce so lahko droge del njihovega deviantnega načina življenja, pri čemer je poraba denarja za droge dokaz bogastva
Studies have revealed various risk factors (some common, some not) for involvement in offending and in drug use.
Študije so odkrile različne dejavnike tveganja (nekatere običajne, druge ne) za vključenost v kazniva dejanja in uporabo drog.
It has been proposed that the extent to which individuals adopt a deviant lifestyle may affect the various factors (substance-related, individual, social, cultural and environmental) that determine whether offending and drug use continues, progresses or ceases during the course of an individual’s life.
Domneva se, da stopnja, do katere posamezniki sprejmejo devianten način življenja, lahko vpliva na različne dejavnike (povezane s substanco, osebne, socialne, kulturne in okoljske), ki odločajo, ali se v posameznikovem življenju kršitve zakona in uporaba drog nadaljujejo, napredujejo ali prenehajo.
Psychopharmacological crimes: crimes committed under the influence of a psychoactive substance, as a result of its acute or chronic use.
Izraz „kriminal, povezan z drogami“, se uporablja za zajetje štirih vrst kaznivih dejanj: Psihofarmakološka kazniva dejanja: kazniva dejanja, storjena pod vplivom psihoaktivne snovi, ki so posledica njene akutne ali kronične uporabe.
Economiccompulsive crimes: crimes committed in order to obtain money (or drugs) to support drug use.
Kompulzivna gospodarska kazniva dejanja: kazniva dejanja, storjena zaradi pridobitve denarja (ali drog), v podporo zasvojenosti z drogami.
Systemic crimes: crimes committed within the functioning of illicit drug markets, as part of the business of drug supply, distribution and use.
Sistemska kazniva dejanja: kazniva dejanja, storjena v okviru delovanja trgov s prepovedanimi drogami kot del dobave, distribucije in uporabe droge.
Drug law offences: crimes committed in violation of drug (and other related) legislations.
Kršitve zakonov o drogah: kazniva dejanja, storjena v nasprotju z zakonodajami o drogah (ali v nasprotju z drugimi sorodnimi zakonodajami).
Key issues at a glance
Kratek pregled ključnih vprašanj
Violations of drug laws account for a significant proportion of law enforcement and criminal justice resources and, by drawing resources away from other areas, may impact on the commission of other crimes.
Velik del sredstev kazenskega pregona in kazenskega sodstva se namenja kršitvam zakonodaje o drogah in če se ta sredstva črpajo z drugih področij, to lahko vpliva na storitve drugih kaznivih dejanj.
Although psychopharmacological violence is most strongly associated with alcohol use, illicit drug use, and particularly the use of stimulants, may lead to criminal behaviour by exacerbating existing psychopathological and social problems, or by increasing the risk of paranoid or psychotic episodes.
Čeprav se psihofarmakološko nasilje največkrat povezuje z uživanjem alkohola, uporaba prepovedanih drog in še zlasti uporaba poživil lahko pripeljeta do kriminalnega vedenja zaradi povečanja obstoječih psihopatoloških in družbenih težav ali zaradi povečanega tveganja za nastanek paranoidnih ali psihotičnih dejanj.
Economically motivated crimes have often been considered an inherent consequence of drug dependence, and a reduction in such crimes is usually seen as a measure of success for many interventions targeting dependent drug users.
Ekonomsko motivirana kazniva dejanja se pogosto štejejo za neločljivo posledico odvisnosti od drog in znižanje števila takih kaznivih dejanj se pogosto dojema kot merilo uspešnosti številnih ukrepov, ki so usmerjeni na odvisne uporabnike drog.
The few attempts that have been made to assess the extent of and trends in drug-related crime at national level show that many issues and challenges (conceptual and methodological) are inherent in such an exercise.
Nekaj poskusov, da bi ocenili obseg in trende kriminala, povezanega z drogami, na nacionalni ravni kaže, da so številna vprašanja in izzivi (konceptualni in metodološki) neločljivo povezani s takim izvajanjem.
Defining drug-related crime to assess its extent and patterns
Opredelitev kriminala, povezanega z drogami, za oceno njegovega obsega in vzorcev se uporablja tu, o njegovih posameznih delih pa se razpravlja spodaj.
A definition of drug-related crime
Opredelitev kriminala, povezanega z drogami
Psychopharmacological crimes
Psihofarmakološka kazniva dejanja
‘The need to reduce drug-related crime is now recognised as an important policy objective in Europe.
„Potreba po zmanjšanju kriminala, povezanega z drogami, je v Evropi danes pomemben politični cilj.
Adopting a clear definition of drug-related crime is an essential first step if we are to develop the methodologies needed to assess not only the true extent of this problem, but also the impact of our policies and actions.’
Jasna opredelitev kriminala, povezanega z drogami, pa predstavlja prvi korak k razvoju metodologij, potrebnih za ocenjevanje resničnega obsega problema ter tudi učinka naših politik in ukrepov.“
Marcel Reimen, Chairman, EMCDDA Management Board psychotic episodes of behaviour and may well exacerbate existing behavioural problems.
Marcel Reimen, predsednik, Upravni odbor EMCDDA in lahko še zaostrijo obstoječe vedenjske težave.
That said, no psychoactive substance can be said to have universal criminogenic properties and both individual and environmental factors can influence how the use of psychoactive substances impacts on behaviour.
Kljub temu ni mogoče trditi, da imajo psihoaktivne snovi univerzalne kriminogene lastnosti. Na to, kako uporaba psihoaktivnih snovi vpliva na vedenje, pa lahko vplivajo posamični in okoljski dejavniki.