natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Ministry of Employment and Social Affairs), which has devolved those powers to the competent ministries of the Land of Bavaria. The rules governing the supervision of insurance undertakings, which are not organisations responsible for administering statutory social security schemes, are applicable by analogy. 73
Sozialordnung (Zveznega ministrstva za delo in socialne zadeve), ki je opravljanje teh nalog zaupalo pristojnim ministrstvom dežele Bavarska ob analogni uporabi predpisov o nadzoru nad zavarovalnicami, ki niso organi, ki so zadolženi za zakonske sheme socialnega varstva. 73
Like the other benefits provided for in Paragraph 27 of the Regulations of the VddB, that is to say, benefits in respect of retirement, invalidity and survivorship, the pension concerned supplements the benefits provided for in general legislation.
Kot drugi prejemki iz člena 27 statuta VddB – upokojitev, invalidnost, preživele osebe – dopolnjuje splo�ne prejemke.
In accordance with the caselaw cited, it is necessary to focus on the category of employees concerned and the method of calculating the pension.
Vendar so te posebnosti zgolj znamenja; glede na navedene sodbe se je treba osredotočiti na skupino prizadetih delavcev in način izračuna pokojnine.
The pension is funded by the employer and the employee, while the federal State and the Länder do not pay contributions. 72
Financiranje gre v breme delodajalca in zaposlenega, ne da bi zanj prispevale Zvezna država in dežele. 72
In that connection, first of all, the insured must have been affiliated to the VddB before the operative event took place.
Prvič, torej, se za priznanje pravice zahteva, da je bil zavezanec zavarovan pri VddB, preden se je zgodil zavarovani primer.
That requirement of affiliation is compulsory for theatrical professionals employed by German theatres, in other words for a specific category of workers.
To zavarovanje je obvezno za umetnike, zaposlene v nem�kih gledali�čih, kar pomeni, da gre za posebno kategorijo delavcev.
74However, voluntary affiliation is also permitted owing to the precariousness and the lack of employ-
74Dovoljeno pa je tudi prostovoljno zavarovanje, ki je upravičeno z obstojem negotovosti in prekinitvijo zaposlitve, ki sta
2866), in the version of the Law of 26 March 2002 (BGBl. I, p. 1219).
2866), kot je zapisan v besedilu zakona z dne 26. marca 2002 (BGBl I., str. 1219).
74 — In Griesmar and Schönheit and Becker, all civil servants were regarded as a particular category of workers (paragraphs 31 and 60, respectively); while in Niemi employees of the Finnish armed forces were thus regarded (paragraph 49).
72 – Verwaltungsgericht navaja, da je delež 9-odstoten in da doseže 16 odstotkov, kadar je upravičenec opro�čen na podlagi zakonske ureditve.
72 — The Bayerisches Verwaltungsgericht states that the contributions amount to 9% of the salary, reaching 16% where the insured is exempt from contributing to the statutory scheme.
74 – Sodbi Griesmar ter Schönheit in Becker sta kot posebno kategorijo delavcev izpostavili vse javne uslužbence (točka 31 oziroma 60), sodba Niemi pa zaposlene v finski vojski (točka 49).
D — The effect of marital status ment continuity, which are inherent in the sector. The claimant’s partner exercised that right and paid voluntary contributions for more than 16 years.
D – Pomen zakonskega stanu povezani z dejavnostmi sektorja – partner tožeče stranke je izbral to možnost in prostovoljno plačeval prispevke več kot �estnajst let.
Recital 22 to Directive 2000/78 states that the provisions of the Directive are ‘without prejudice to national laws on marital status and the benefits dependent thereon.’
Dvaindvajseta uvodna izjava Direktive 2000/78 določa, da njene določbe „ne vpliva[jo] na nacionalne predpise glede zakonskega stanu in ugodnosti, ki temeljijo na njem“.
The referring court draws attention to that recital and asks about its implications for the scope of the Directive.
Predložitveno sodi�če je poudarilo pomen te uvodne izjave in izrazilo dvome glede njenega pomena na področju uporabe direktive.
Second, the benefits are not paid under a ‘pay-as-you-go’ system, where the disbursements in a calendar year are covered by the receipts from the same calendar year, but rather under a ‘funded’ system, where a separate fund is set up for each insured person, from which the principal and interest are used after the period of employment has ceased.
Drugič, prejemkov se ne plača po sistemu prispevkov, v katerem so stro�ki koledarskega leta kriti z zbranimi prihodki, ampak po sistemu kapitalskega kritja, v katerem se za vsakega zavarovanca ustanovi kapitalski sklad, iz katerega se po izteku zaposlitve porabijo glavnica in obresti.
The amount of the pension is calculated on the basis of the amount of the contributions, by applying a readjustment factor (first sentence of Paragraph 32(2) and Paragraph 30(5) of the VddB Regulations). 75
Znesek pokojnin se izračuna glede na vi�ino prispevkov, pri čemer se uporabi diskontni količnik (člen 32(2), prvi stavek, in člen 30(5) statuta Vddb). 75
In the opinion of the United Kingdom, recital 22 enshrines a clear, general exclusion, which is set out in Article 3(1), pursuant to which the Directive applies ‘[w]ithin the limits of the areas of competence conferred on the Community’. Those areas of competence do not include benefits dependent on marital status, such as the one in issue in these proceedings, where the grant of the pension is conditional on marriage, from which the United Kingdom concludes that it is not appropriate to consider the remaining questions referred for a preliminary ruling.
Po mnenju Združenega kraljestva ta uvodna izjava določa jasno in splo�no izjemo, določeno v členu 3(1), ki določa uporabo direktive „[v] mejah pristojnosti, ki so prenesene na Skupnost“, med katerimi niso prejemki, vezani na zakonski stan, kot je ta v obravnavani zadevi, v kateri je zakonska zveza pogoj za pridobitev pokojnine, kar naj bi pomenilo, da ni treba preučiti ostalih vpra�anj za predhodno odločanje.
For the reasons set out below, I disagree with those arguments, even though they appear persuasive and wellfounded.
Ne strinjam se s temi trditvami, čeprav se zdijo spodbudne in utemeljene:
Like the Commission, I conclude from the information set out that the pension at issue is derived from the employment relationship of Mr Maruko’s partner.
Iz omenjenih podrobnosti sklepam, tako kot Komisija, da sporna pokojnina izvira iz delovnega razmerja partnerja T.
Accordingly, the pension must be classified as pay within the meaning of Article 141 EC, from which it follows that it falls within the scope of Directive 2000/78 in that it comes under Article 3(1)(c) thereof. Therefore, the disputed pension does not constitute a payment under a state social security scheme or similar for the purposes of Article 3(3), because it does not satisfy the criteria relating to the features or the purpose of that type of benefit.
Maruka; torej mora veljati za „plačilo“ v smislu člena 141 ES, zato zanjo velja Direktiva 2000/78 in njen člen 3(1)(c); ne gre torej za plačilo v okviru javnega ali podobnega sistema socialnega varstva iz člena 3(3), saj ne ustreza značilnostim in ciljem izplačil te vrste.
First, as I have explained in previous Opinions, 76legislative provisions describe
Prvič, ker, kot sem pojasnil v drugih sklepnih predlogih, 76predpis opisuje dejstva,
76 — Paragraph 34 of the Opinion in Case C-110/03 Belgium v Commission [2005] ECR I-2801.
76 – Točka 34 sklepnih predlogov k sodbi z dne 14. aprila 2005 v zadevi Belgija proti Komisiji (C-110/03, ZOdl., str. I-2801).
81 The fact that it is fundamental in nature 82 means that respect for the facts, situations or circumstances and attribute certain consequences to them.
79 – Za socialno varnost sodbe z dne 12. julija 2001 v zadevi Smits in Peerbooms (C-157/99, Recueil, str.
The factual situation and the legal result are therefore the two essential elements of a legal rule.
I-5473), točke od 44 do 46; z dne 4. decembra 2003 v zadevi Kristiansen (C-92/02, Recueil, str.
78 Accordingly, like the rest of the preamble, recital 22 to Directive 2000/78 merely assists with the interpretation of the provisions of the Directive and its significance must not be overstated.
I-14597), točka 31; z dne 18. marca 2004 v zadevi Leichtle (C-8/02, Recueil, str.
right is guaranteed in the European Union, pursuant to Article 6 EU.
I-2641), točka 29; z dne 27. aprila 2006 v zadevi Richards (C-423/04, ZOdl., str.
79 — In relation to social security, see Case C-157/99 Smits and Peerbooms [2001] ECR I-5473, paragraphs 44 to 46; Case C-92/02 Kristiansen [2003] ECR I-14597, paragraph 31; Case C-8/02 Leichtle [2004] ECR I-2641, paragraph 29; Case C-423/04 Richards [2006] ECR I-3585, paragraph 33; Case C-372/04 Watts [2006] ECR I-4325, paragraph 92; and Case C-444/05 Stamatelaki [2007] ECR I-3185, paragraph 23.
I-4325), točka 92; in z dne 19. aprila 2007 v zadevi Stamatelaki (C-444/05, ZOdl., str. I-3185, točka 23
Second, the Community has no powers with regard to marital status, a view which is set out in both Article 3(1) of the Directive and recital 22 in its preamble, thereby leaving intact the competence of the Member States in that sphere.
Drugič, ker Skupnost nima pristojnosti v zvezi z zakonskim stanom – ideja, v kateri se združita člen 3(1) Direktive in navedena uvodna izjava – s čimer ostane nacionalna pristojnost na tem področju nedotaknjena.
Community law accepts each Member State’s definition of marriage, singleness, widowhood, and the other forms of ‘civil (marital) status’. However, the Member States must exercise that compe-
Evropsko pravo prevzame pojme v zvezi z zakonsko zvezo, samskim stanom, vdovstvom in drugimi oblikami „zakonskega stanu“, kot jih oblikuje posamezna država.
80 — Judgment of the European Court of Human Rights of 21 December 1999 in Da Silva Mouta v Portugal, paragraph 28 (Reports of Judgments and Decisions 1999IX), and of 24 July 2003 in Karner v Austria, paragraph 33 (Reports of Judgments and Decisions 2003-IX).
80 – Sodbi Evropskega sodi�ča za človekove pravice z dne 21. decembra 1999 v zadevi Da Silva Mouta proti Portugalski, točka 28 (Recueil des arrêts et décisions, 1999-IX); in z dne 24. julija 2003 v zadevi Karner proti Avstriji, točka 33 (Recueil des arrêts et décisions, 2003-IX).
The principle was also enshrined in Article II-81(1) of the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe (OJ 2004 C 310, p. 1).
Prav tako je bila vključena v člen II-81(1) Pogodbe o Ustavi za Evropo (UL 2004, C 310, str. 1).
7 et seq., defines law as ‘all the relationships between people which society stipulates are necessary’, and draws attention to two factors which encapsulate the essential nature of that concept: the material factor, consisting of relationships between human beings, and the procedural factor, comprising the need for such relationships.
7 in naslednje, opredeljuje pravo kot „skupek odnosov med ljudmi, ki jih neka družba določi za obvezne“, in jih loči od dejstev, ki jih zajame bistvo tega pojma: materialen, sestavljen iz odnosov med ljudmi, in formalen, sestavljen iz nujnosti teh odnosov.
82 — That fundamental nature affords the principle of nondiscrimination on grounds of sexual orientation a different status from the one attributed to the prohibition of discrimination on grounds of age in Case C-144/04 Mangold [2005] ECR I-9981.
82 – Ta lastnost daje diskriminaciji zaradi spolne usmerjenosti drugačno razsežnost, kot jo daje sodba z dne 22. novembra 2005 v zadevi Mangold (C-144/04, ZOdl., str.
The classification of the latter prohibition as a general principle of Community law (paragraph 75) was used by the Commission as the basis for its reasoning, which was contested at the hearing by the representatives of the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.
I-9981) prepovedi razlikovanja zaradi starosti, katere razlaga splo�nega načela prava Skupnosti (točka 75) je služila kot podlaga za obrazložitev Komisije, ki so ji nasprotovali zastopniki Nizozemske in Združenega kraljestva.
OPINION OF MR RUIZ-JARABO — CASE C-267/06 necessary to determine all the consequences of that finding, by ascertaining whether the refusal of the VddB to grant the pension constitutes discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation.
SKLEPNI PREDLOGI RUIZ-JARABOJA – ZADEVA C-267/06 sprejeti vse posledice tega in ugotoviti, ali je zavrnitev na strani VddB diskriminacija zaradi spolne usmerjenosti.
in Community legal provisions, namely, the prohibition of discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation in relation to workers’ pay, having regard to the fact that a survivor’s pension satisfies the characteristics of ‘pay’ since it is derived from an employment relationship rather than from civil (marital) status.
jo vsebujejo pravna besedila Skupnosti, konkretno prepoved diskriminacije zaradi spolne usmerjenosti pri plačilu delavcev, pri čemer se upo�teva, da je pokojnina za preživele „plačilo“, ker izvira iz delovnega razmerja, in ne iz zakonskega stanu.
A — The prohibition of discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation at Community level
A – Prepoved diskriminacije zaradi spolne usmerjenosti na območju Skupnosti
The final reason why I disagree with the arguments advanced by the United Kingdom is because, in accordance with Paragraph 27 of the Regulations of the VddB, the operative event giving rise to the pension claimed by the claimant is the death of his partner, in the same way as the operative events for other pensions are incapacity, invalidity or retirement.
Zadnjič, ker je v skladu s členom 27 statuta VddB dejstvo, na podlagi katerega se pridobi pokojnina, ki jo zahteva tožeča stranka, smrt partnerja, medtem ko so to za druge pokojnine nezmožnost, invalidnost ali upokojitev.
Accordingly, there are no grounds for disapplying Directive 2000/78 in the present case.
Zato ni razlogov, da Direktiva 2000/78 ne bi veljala za dejstva obravnavanega primera.
Together with freedom of movement, equal treatment is the most longstanding and well established principle of the Community legal system.
Skupaj z načelom prostega gibanja je načelo enakosti najbolj tradicionalno in najbolj ukoreninjeno v evropskem pravnem redu; poleg tega se je s časom razvijalo, preseglo meje izenačevanja delavcev obeh spolov pri plačah in se raztegnilo na druga področja ter subjekte, kot to izhaja iz Direktive 2000/43.
Furthermore, the principle of equal treatment has evolved over time, extending beyond the boundaries of equal pay for men and women to apply to other fields and other individuals, as Directive 2000/43 demonstrates.
Od njegove zgodnje uporabe v pogodbi, ki se je postopoma raz�irila in okrepila, se je spremenilo v „splo�en okvir“ za preprečevanje neupravičenega ločevanja ter pospe�evanje dejanskega in učinkovitega enakega obravnavanja.
If the Court agrees with my view that the pension claimed by Mr Maruko falls within the scope of Directive 2000/78, it will be
Če bi se Sodi�če strinjalo z mojo trditvijo, da Direktiva 2000/78 velja za pokojnino, za katero je zaprosil T. Maruko, bi moralo
Moral prejudices and the social exclusion of groups with certain sexual identities have been overcome along the way.
V času teh sprememb so odpadli moralni predsodki in socialno zavračanje skupin, v katerih so se pojavile nekatere posebnosti v zvezi s spolom.
Although the
Čeprav je odpor nastal z
MARUKO struggle began in order to combat discrimination against women, subsequent efforts have been directed towards discrimination affecting homosexuals 83 — including the first step towards decriminalising same-sex relationships 84 — or transsexuals, as well as discrimination against bisexuals. 85
MARUKO zavračale te vrste diskriminacije 86 in da je namenom boja proti diskriminaciji žensk, se je kasneje preusmeril zoper diskriminacijo homoseksualcev 83 – kot prvi korak k dekri-
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms does not mention it either, 87although, as I have explained, the European Court of Human Rights has held that the right to respect for sexual orientation falls within the scope of Article 14 of the convention. 88
Evropska konvencija o varstvu človekovih pravic in temeljnih svobo�čin ne omenja, 87 minalizaciji razmerij med osebami istega spola 84 – ali transseksualce, ki se jim dodajo čeprav, kot sem razložil, je Evropsko sodi�če za človekove pravice odločilo, da je vsebovana v členu 14 navedene konvencije.
For its part, the Court of Justice has had a number of opportunities to prevent discrimination against same-sex couples.
Tudi Sodi�če je v nekaj primerih odpravilo �kodo, ki so jo pretrpeli istospolni pari.
The Treaty of Amsterdam aimed to expand the principle, as is clear from Article 13(1) EC, which includes the objective of combating discrimination based on sexual orientation.
Amsterdamska pogodba je predlagala raz�iritev tega načela, kot je določeno v členu 13(1) ES, v katerega je vključena dolžnost prepovedi diskriminacije zaradi spolne usmerjenosti.
The judgment in Grant 89
Sodba z dne 17. februarja 1998 v zadevi Grant 89
It has been clear since the Garland judgment in 1982 that the facilities granted by
Od leta 1992, ko je bila razgla�ena omenjena sodba Garland, ni bilo dvoma,
83 — The starting point can be found in the Resolution of the European Parliament of 8 February 1994 on equal rights for homosexuals and lesbians in the European Union (OJ 1994 C 61, p. 40), which, in the view of Moliner Navarro, R.M., ‘El matrimonio de personas del mismo sexo en el Derecho comparado’, Matrimonio y adopción por personas del mismo sexo, Cuadernos de Derecho Judicial, no XXVI/2005, Consejo General del Poder Judicial, Madrid, 2006, p.
83 – Izhodi�če je resolucija Evropskega parlamenta z dne 8. februarja 1994 o enakopravnosti pravic homoseksualcev in lezbijk v Evropski uniji (UL C 61, str. 40), ki je imela po mnenju Moliner Navarro, R. M. (El matrimonio de personas del mismo sexo en el Derecho comparado, v Matrimonio y adopción por personas del mismo sexo, Cuadernos de Derecho Judicial, �t. XXVI/2005, Consejo General del Poder Judicial, Madrid, 2006, str.
219, had significant repercussions and provoked a sea change in attitudes to such matters, by giving rise to a number of legislative initiatives.
219) opazne posledice in je povzročila očitno spremembo v ocenjevanju teh pogledov ter pridobila naklonjenost nekaterih zakonodajnih iniciativ.
84 — Amnesty International has condemned the continued persecution of homosexuals in more than 70 countries and the fact that 8 of those countries provide the death penalty for homosexuality, namely Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Mauritania, Pakistan, Sudan, Yemen and certain States in northern Nigeria; and the fact that, in other countries, prison sentences are for life.
84 – Amnesty International trdi, da se homoseksualnost preganja �e v več kot 70 državah, da je v 8 zanjo zagrožena smrtna kazen – Afganistan, Saudova Arabija, Iran, Mavretanija, Pakistan, Sudan, Jemen in nekaterih republikah na severu Nigerije – in da so drugod zaporne kazni celo dosmrtne.
88 — Point 78 of this Opinion.89 — Case C-249/96 [1998] ECR I-621.
88 – Točka 78 teh sklepnih predlogov.89 – Zadeva C-249/96, Recueil, str. I-621.
OPINION OF MR RUIZ-JARABO — CASE C-267/06 by the Community rules (paragraph 50).
SKLEPNI PREDLOGI RUIZ-JARABOJA – ZADEVA C-267/06 da ugodnosti, ki jih železni�ka podjetja podeljujejo svojim zaposlenim, njihovim partnerjem in od njih odvisnim osebam na podlagi dela teh zaposlenih, pomenijo „plačilo“ v smislu člena 141 ES.
The Court also noted that in the present state of Community law, stable homosexual relationships are not regarded as equivalent to marriages or stable heterosexual relationships (paragraph 35).
Grant k trditvam, da je njen delodajalec, s tem da ji ni priznal popusta za prevoz, določenega v pogodbi o zaposlitvi za zakonca ali osebo nasprotnega spola, s katero delavec živi, ne da bi z njo sklenil zakonsko zvezo, kr�il navedeno določbo, saj je živela v trdnem razmerju z žensko.
That was probably the belief which motivated Ms Grant to claim that the refusal by her employer to grant her the travel concession provided for in the contract of employment for the spouse or the unmarried partner of the opposite sex infringed Article 141 EC, because she was in a stable relationship with another woman.
Ni bilo neenakosti, ki bi bila neposredna posledica spola, ker se je nana�ala na delavce in delavke, ki imajo partnerja istega spola (točki 27 in 28).
Ms Grant maintained that such a refusal amounted to direct discrimination based on sex. Her submission was based on the ‘but for’ test, which states that if a female worker does not receive the same benefits as her male counterpart, all other things being equal, she is the victim of discrimination based on sex.
Torej, medtem ko bi bilo ločevanje po spolu nezakonito, ločevanje zaradi spolne usmerjenosti ne bi bilo, ker tega ne prepoveduje noben predpis Skupnosti.
The restrictive approach opted for by the Court contrasted, for example, with the caselaw on discrimination based on maternity 90 and was surprising because the Court
Ozek pristop, ki ga je izbralo Sodi�če, je bil v nasprotju z doktrino na področju diskriminacije zaradi materinstva 90in je presenetil, saj je bilo v sodbi potrjeno, da je
The Court held that the refusal by an employer to allow travel concessions to the same-sex partner of one of its workers, where such concessions are allowed to the person of the opposite sex with whom a worker has a stable relationship outside marriage, did not constitute discrimination prohibited
Dodala je, da je taka negativna odločitev pomenila diskriminacijo zaradi spolne usmerjenosti, ki bi morala biti vključena v „diskriminacijo glede na spol“ iz člena 141, ker razlike v obravnavanju, ki temeljijo na spolni usmerjenosti, izvirajo iz podedovanih predsodkov.
MARUKO observed in the judgment that the Treaty of Amsterdam, which had been signed only a few months before, would allow the Council to eliminate various forms of discrimination, including discrimination based on sexual orientation (paragraph 48).
Amsterdamska pogodba, podpisana nekaj mesecev prej, pooblastila Svet, da prepove nekatere oblike diskriminacije na podlagi spolne usmerjenosti (točka 48).
Community for registering civil partnerships other than marriage (paragraphs 36 and 50), which made treating such unions in the same way difficult (paragraph 37), and the Court stated that it was for the legislature to adopt the measures required to alter that situation (paragraph 38). 92
zakonsko zvezo. Sodba je ugotovila obstoj različnih ureditev registracije dejanskih zvez, ki niso zakonske zveze (točki 36 in 50), kar je oteževalo izenačenje (člen 37), saj je bila naloga zakonodajalca, da sprejme ustrezne ukrepe za spremembo razmer (točka 38). 92
Subsequent caselaw
Poznej�a sodna praksa
Since Grant, other cases have dealt with discrimination linked to sexuality.
Po sodbi Grant so druge sodbe prepovedale nekatere diskriminacije, povezane s spolno usmerjenostjo.
It is appropriate to refer to the two cases cited in the written observations submitted in the present proceedings.
Spomniti se je treba dveh zadev, že navedenih v tem postopku za sprejetje predhodne odločbe.
The case of K.B. 93concerned a sex change.
Predmet sodbe z dne 7. januarja 2004 v zadevi K.B. 93je bila sprememba spola.
94 A British female worker applied for her partner, who had undergone female to male gender reassignment surgery, to receive a widower’s pension to which he would be entitled as a surviving spouse, since national law did not permit transsexuals to marry under their new gender.
94Britanska delavka je za svojega partnerja, ki z operacijo iz ženske postal mo�ki, zaprosila za pokojnino, ki bi mu pripadala kot preživelemu zakoncu, saj nacionalno pravo transseksualcu ni dovoljevalo sklepanja zakonske zveze glede na spremenjeni spol.