natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
New Member States have historically placedemphasis on addressing minority issues, rather than on the integration of immigrants.Neither is there agreement on whether ‘immigrants’, however identified, should beconsidered as one group.
Nove države članice so v preteklosti dajale prednost reševanju vprašanj v zvezi z manjšinami, ne pa integraciji priseljencev. Prav tako ni dogovora, ali naj se „priseljenci“, kakor koli so že opredeljeni, obravnavajo kot ena skupina.
Rather, they may be considered as individuals or as membersof specific sub-categories defined by national or ethnic origin, religion, gender, age or byreason of their arrival (economic migrants, refugees, or family members) or their skills(from high-skilled to low skilled).
Z drugimi besedami, obravnavati jih je mogoče kot posameznike ali kot člane posebnih podkategorij, določenih na podlagi državljanske ali etnične pripadnosti, vere, spola, starosti, vzroka za njihov prihod (gospodarski migranti, begunci ali družinski člani) ali spretnosti oziroma usposobljenosti (od visoko kvalificiranih do nizko kvalificiranih).
Society as a whole may also be an appropriate policytarget if integration is perceived as a process towards social cohesion.
Tudi družbo kot celoto je mogoče obravnavati kot ustrezen politični cilj, če integracijo dojemamo kot proces, usmerjen k socialni koheziji.
Policies are then aresponse to the disintegrating effects of the rapid social, economic and cultural changethat most European societies are going through and target various groups among thepopulation, whether or not they have a migration background.
Politike so torej odziv na uničujoče učinke hitrih socialnih, gospodarskih in kulturnih sprememb, s katerimi se sooča večina evropskih družb, in so namenjene različnih skupinam prebivalstva, ne glede na to, ali izvirajo iz migracij ali ne.
Consequently, under theheading of integration one can detect a mixture of general and specific approachestargeting different groups and addressing a variety of issues.
Zato je mogoče pod naslovom integracija najti mešanico splošnih in specifičnih pristopov, namenjenih različnim skupinam in reševanju raznolikih vprašanj.
European countries all adhere to human rights standards and share values such asequality, anti-discrimination, solidarity, openness, participation and tolerance.Governments at various levels are influencing each other through ongoing policyexchanges, leading to a certain degree of convergence in policy approaches, goals andtargets, nationally and internationally.
Vse evropske države spoštujejo standarde človekovih pravic in delijo vrednote, kot so enakost, protidiskriminacija, solidarnost, odprtost, udeležba in strpnost. Vlade na različnih ravneh vplivajo druga na drugo s stalnim izmenjavanjem politik, kar vodi do določene stopnje skladnosti v političnih pristopih in ciljih, tako na nacionalni kot tudi na mednarodni ravni.
A great deal of common ground can be found inthe identification of core areas or dimensions of integration.
Veliko skupnih temeljev je mogoče najti pri določanju temeljnih področij ali razsežnosti integracije.
While a single exactdefinition of integration may prove to be too narrow, the identification of coreintegration dimensions can serve as a useful ‘working definition’.
Čeprav bo morda vsaka posamezna natančna opredelitev integracije preozka, lahko določitev temeljnih razsežnosti integracije služi kot uporabna „delovna opredelitev“.
The overall goal ofintegration is often considered to be self-sufficiency: governments seek to enableimmigrants to lead an independent life concerning housing, job, education, socialnetworks and participation in society.
Pogosto se kot glavni cilj integracije navaja samozadostnost: vlade želijo priseljencem omogočiti neodvisno življenje v zvezi z nastanitvijo, zaposlitvijo, izobraževanjem, socialnimi mrežami in udeležbo v družbi.
The Commission’s first Annual Report on Immigration and Integrationdemonstrates that in all Member States access to the labour
Prvo Letno poročilo o priseljevanju in integraciji Komisije kaže, da dostop do trga dela, pa tudi jezikovna znanja in ustrezna raven izobrazbe, v vseh državah članicah predstavljajo najpomemb-
market as well as language skills and a sufficient level of education constitute the mostimportant objectives for securing successful integration.At the European level, labourmarket integration is the area with the most concretely defined policy objectives, asthe 2003 Employment Strategy Guidelines propose to achieve a significant reductionin the unemployment gap between non-EU and EU nationals by 2010.
nejše cilje za zagotavljanje uspešne integracije. Na evropski ravni je integracija trga dela področje z najbolj konkretno opredeljenimi političnimi cilji, saj Smernice za strategijo zaposlovanja iz leta vsebujejo predloge za občutno zmanjšanje razlike v nezaposlenosti med osebami, ki niso državljani EU, in državljani EU do leta.
Being inemployment contributes to better living conditions, as does access to affordable andgood quality housing.
Biti zaposlen, pa tudi možnosti dostopnih in kakovostnih stanovanj, prispevajo k boljšim življenjskim razmeram.
Lack of availability, low-quality housing and immigrantoverrepresentation in deprived urban neighbourhoods are problematic for most Member States.
Pomanjkanje razpoložljivosti, nekakovostna stanovanja in preveliko število priseljencev v ogroženih mestnih območjih večini držav članic predstavljajo težave.
This dimension of integration directs attention to local and urbanpolicies and to the central role of local authorities in the process of integration.
Ta vidik integracije pozornost usmerja na lokalne in mestne politike ter na osrednjo vlogo lokalnih oblasti v integracijskem procesu.
While the focus on socioeconomic topics continues, governments also increasinglyemphasise the importance of the socio-cultural sphere, the personal dimensions ofintegration and the frequency and intensity of social interactions.
Medtem ko pozornost še vedno namenjajo socialno-ekonomskim vprašanjem, vlade tudi vedno bolj poudarjajo pomen socialno-kulturne sfere, osebnih razsežnosti integracije ter pogostost in intenzivnost socialnih stikov.
This approachstipulates the need for integrating immigrants into all aspects of society, including thecivic, cultural and political fields.
Ta pristop določa potrebo po integraciji priseljencev v vse vidike družbe, vključno z državljanskim, kulturnim in političnim področjem.
Moreover, the conception of integration as a two-wayprocess directs attention towards the attitudes of the recipient societies, their citizens,structures and organisations alike.
Prav tako pojmovanje integracije kot dvosmernega procesa usmerja pozornost na odnose družb prejemnic, njihovih državljanov, struktur in organizacij.
The different dimensions of integration are interrelated and outcomes in one domain reinforce the others.
Različne razsežnosti integracije so med seboj povezane in rezultati na enem področju krepijo druga področja.
For instance, jobs are valuablein developing language and broader cultural competence and in establishing socialconnections.
Na primer, delovna mesta so koristna pri razvoju jezikovnih in širših kulturnih usposobljenosti ter pri vzpostavljanju družbenih povezav.
In turn, social connections widen economic opportunities.
Po drugi strani pa družbene povezave razširjajo gospodarske priložnosti.
Language isuseful in the labour market as well as providing further opportunities for education.
Jezik je koristen na trgu dela, pa tudi pri zagotavljanju dodatnih možnosti za izobraževanje.
Atthe same time, it indicates knowledge of the host population and society.
Obenem pa je tudi pokazatelj poznavanja prebivalstva in družbe gostiteljice.
Integration policies seek to achieve positive outcomes for immigrants within the domainsof employment, housing, education, health etc.
Integracijske politike naj bi priseljencem zagotovile pozitivne rezultate na področjih zaposlovanja, stanovanj, izobraževanja, zdravstva itd.
Newcomers and resident immigrantswill be better able to achieve these outcomes if they develop certain skills, such aslanguage proficiency and knowledge of the host society.
Novi in ustaljeni priseljenci bodo lažje dosegali te rezultate, če razvijejo določene spretnosti, kot sta jezikovna usposobljenost in poznavanje družbe gostiteljice.
In this sense, introductionprogrammes help newcomers acquire the skills to fully participate in society.
V tem smislu lahko uvajalni programi novim priseljencem pomagajo pridobiti spretnosti, s katerimi bodo lahko polno udeleženi v družbi.
At the sametime, a focus on individual adaptation and human capital issues must be complementedwith an emphasis on social cohesion and equality in diverse societies.
Hkrati pa je treba pozornost na prilagoditev posameznikov in vprašanja človeškega kapitala dopolnjevati s poudarkom na socialni koheziji in enakosti v raznolikih družbah.
Demand for skillsmust be matched with strong mechanisms for the acquisition of these skills andpossibilities for using them.
Povpraševanje po spretnostih je treba uskladiti z močnimi mehanizmi za pridobivanje teh spretnosti in možnostmi za njihovo uporabo.
Society and its institutions must be active in openingthemselves to immigrants.
Družba in njene ustanove se morajo priseljencem aktivno odpirati.
It is not only up to the immigrant to achieve skills, but also togovernments and societal actors to ensure that ample opportunity is available forparticipation on the basis of equality and non-discrimination.
Pridobivanje spretnosti ni naloga izključno priseljenca, ampak tudi vlad ter družbenih akterjev, ki morajo zagotoviti zadostne možnosti za udeležbo na podlagi enakosti in nediskriminacije.
Getting the balance ofresponsibility right is crucial for devising fair and effective integration policies.
Zagotoviti uravnoteženo porazdelitev odgovornosti je ključnega pomena za razvoj poštenih in učinkovitih integracijskih politik.
Besides being a relationship between ‘state’ and ‘individual migrant’, integration is aprocess in which close partnerships exist between different levels of government andnon-governmental actors, such as employers, unions, religious organisations, civilsociety, migrants’ associations, the media and NGOs supporting immigrants.
Poleg tega, da je integracija razmerje med„državo“ in„posameznim migrantom“, je tudi proces, v katerem obstajajo tesna partnerstva med različnimi ravnmi vladnih in nevladnih akterjev, kot so delodajalci, sindikati, verske organizacije, civilna družba, združenja migrantov, mediji in nevladne organizacije, ki podpirajo priseljence.
leaders for example have a strong responsibility in their role as public educators and inpromoting a positive attitude towards immigrants to counter xenophobic and racisttendencies.
in spodbujajo pozitiven odnos do priseljencev. Delodajalci lahko omogočijo dostop do delovnih mest, zagotovijo pridobivanje spretnosti in učenje jezika, ponudijo uvajanje v delo, pospešujejo dostop do stanovanj in v javnih razpravah prispevajo podatke o gospodarskih koristih priseljevanja.
Employers may give access to jobs, provide skills training and languageteaching, offer induction, facilitate access to housing, and inform the public debateabout the economic benefits of immigration.
Tudi mediji igrajo pomembno vlogo, saj zagotavljajo uravnoteženo poročanje in obveščanje o odnosu javnosti do novih priseljencev.
The media also plays an important role inproviding balanced reporting and informing the public’s attitudes towards newcomers.Openness and good neighbourliness from the public are essential ingredients ofsuccessful integration and can be encouraged through volunteer programmes.Integration is a shared responsibility and involves the participation of many actors.
Odprtost in dobri sosedski odnosi javnosti so ključni elementi uspešne integracije in jih je mogoče spodbujati s prostovoljnimi programi. Integracija je skupna odgovornost in vključuje udeležbo mnogih akterjev.
The active participation of immigrants rests on rights and obligations gradually beingbrought in line with those of nationals.
Aktivna udeležba priseljencev temelji na tem, da se njihove pravice in obveznosti postopoma uskladijo s pravicami in obveznostmi državljanov.
Access to institutions, services and means of civicparticipation create the conditions for the exercise of active citizenship by migrants.
Dostop do ustanov, storitev in sredstev za družbeno udeležbo ustvarja pogoje za aktivno državljanstvo priseljencev.
Theopenness of associative life, ranging from sports clubs to political parties, is decisive forthe outcome of the process.
Odprte možnosti za družbeno življenje, od športnih klubov do političnih strank, so odločilne za rezultat tega procesa.
Organisations of all types need to give visibility to intercultural realities by applying equal-opportunity policies, employing migrants at all levels,and cooperating with associations of migrants.
Organizacije vseh vrst morajo zagotoviti vidnost medkulturnih razmer tako, da uveljavijo politike enakih možnosti, zaposlujejo migrante na vseh ravneh in sodelujejo z združenji migrantov.
Migrant organisations are also keypartners in the exercise of participatory government.
Organizacije migrantov so tudi ključni partnerji pri izvajanju participacijske vlade.
Political decisions especially at thelocal level significantly affect non-citizen residents, who can participate through variousconsultation mechanisms.
Politične odločitve, zlasti na lokalni ravni, imajo velik vpliv na prebivalce nedržavljane, ki lahko sodelujejo preko različnih posvetovalnih mehanizmov.
At the same time, migrants can be encouraged to naturalise.
Obenem pa je migrante mogoče spodbujati k naturalizaciji.
What does it take to share best practice
Kaj je potrebno za medsebojno delitev najboljše prakse?
A possible definition of best practices could be: approaches that have been shown,through research and evaluation, to be effective and sustainable and produceoutstanding results, and that can be applicable in and adapted to a different situation.
Možna opredelitev najboljših praks bi lahko bila: pristopi, za katere se je v raziskavah in ocenjevanju izkazalo, da so učinkoviti, trajnostni, dajejo vidne rezultate ter jih je mogoče uporabiti in prilagoditi različnim okoliščinam.
Lessons can be learned from both good and bad practices Most practices have both strong and weak elements No practice can be replicated in its entirety All practices need to be adapted to local circumstances
Nova spoznanja je mogoče pridobiti tako iz dobrih kot tudi iz slabih praks.Večina praks ima dobre in slabe strani.Nobene prakse ni mogoče ponoviti v celoti.Vse prakse je treba prilagoditi lokalnim okoliščinam.
Documentation on best practices needs to capture
Dokumentacija o najboljših praksah mora zajemati:
What was the problem the practice addressed and who identified the problem?Who initiated the practice and who was involved?How did the practice develop and what were the stages?What were the positive and/or negative consequences?What is the long-term financial viability?Effectiveness: the impact of the practice Efficiency: the ratio of impact to cost Sustainability: lasting impact and replicability Externalities: i.e. any unintended positive and negative impacts of the practice onother than the immediate beneficiaries Relevance: the significance of the practice for the target group
• • • • • • • • • katero težavo je praksa obravnavala in kdo je težavo odkril;kdo je prakso sprožil in kdo je pri izvajanju sodeloval;kako se je praksa razvijala in katere so bile stopnje razvoja;katere so bile pozitivne in/ali negativne posledice;kakšna je dolgoročna finančna sposobnost;uspešnost: vpliv prakse;učinkovitost: razmerje med vplivom in stroški;trajnost: trajnost vpliva in ponovljivost;drugotne posledice: tj. vsi nenačrtovani pozitivni in negativni vplivi prakse na druge, ne neposredne upravičence;ustreznost: pomen prakse za ciljno skupino.
Chapter 1Introduction of newly arrived immigrants and recognised refugees
Poglavje Uvajanje novoprispelih priseljencev in beguncev s priznanim statusom
Introduction of newly arrived immigrants and recognised refugees
Uvajanje novoprispelih priseljencev in beguncev s priznanim statusom
Integration is a process lasting several years, in many cases beyond naturalisation or intothe second and third generations.
Integracija je proces, ki traja več let, pogosto dlje od naturalizacije ali pa v drugo oziroma tretjo generacijo.
Commitment underpins the process when receivingsocieties undertake to welcome immigrants and provide them with opportunities tobecome familiar with the language, basic values and customs and when from their sideimmigrants show a determination to become part of the receiving society.
Zaveza podpira proces, kadar se družbe prejemnice obvežejo, da bodo priseljence sprejele in jim zagotovile možnosti, da se naučijo jezika, osnovnih vrednot ter navad, in kadar priseljenci s svoje strani pokažejo odločenost, da postanejo del družbe prejemnice.
Introduction programmes are an investment in the future which both the immigrant andsociety should be willing to make.
Uvajalni programi so naložba v prihodnost, za katero bi morali biti pripravljeni tako priseljenci kot tudi družba.
They give immigrants a start enabling them to acquirevital skills to become self-sufficient and are therefore well worth the effort.
Priseljencem zagotavljajo začetek, saj jim omogočajo, da pridobijo pomembne spretnosti, s katerimi postanejo samozadostni, zato se jih splača izvajati.
The returnon investment for society is that immigrants become better-equipped citizens capable ofcontributing to society.
Donosnost te naložbe za družbo je, da priseljenci postanejo bolje usposobljeni državljani, ki so sposobni prispevati družbi.
The early stages of a migrant’s residence in the receiving country are of particularimportance.
Začetne faze domovanja migranta v državi prejemnici so še posebej pomembne.
Some governments have launched introduction programmes for the earlyphase of a migrant’s stay.
Nekatere vlade so sprožile uvajalne programe za začetno fazo bivanja migranta.
Introduction programmes generally consist of three maincomponents: language tuition, civic orientation and professional labour market training.
Uvajalni programi so v splošnem sestavljeni iz treh glavnih delov: poučevanja jezika, družbenega usmerjanja in strokovnega usposabljanja za trg dela.
An example of an introduction programme comes from the city of Gent (Belgium),which has a municipal integration service, funded by the City and in large part by the Flemish Community (under the headings of urban policy and integration).
Primer uvajalnega programa prihaja iz mesta Gent (Belgija) z občinsko integracijsko službo, ki sta jo ustanovila mesto in v veliki meri flamska skupnost (pod naslovoma mestna politika in integracija).
Its receptionprogramme puts into practice Flemish legislation (2003, implemented since 1 April2004) which entails introduction courses for newly arrived family members, regularisedmigrants, recognised refugees, victims of trafficking and minors.
Mesto v sprejemnem programu udejanja flamsko zakonodajo (, izvaja se od . aprila ), ki vključuje uvajalne tečaje za novoprispele družinske člane, ustaljene migrante, begunce s priznanim statusom, žrtve trgovine z ljudmi in mladoletnike.
The legislation alsocovers asylum seekers who have reached a certain stage in the determination processwhere their claim is being examined in detail.
Zakonodaja zajema tudi prosilce za azil, ki so dosegli določeno stopnjo v postopku določanja, kjer se njihova prošnja natančno preuči.
For some groups the introduction coursesare obligatory.
Za nekatere skupine so uvajalni tečaji obvezni.
The introduction programme includes Dutch classes (up to 1200 hours infour levels, of which 120 are given in the centre itself) and 75 hours of ‘societyorientation’ classes.
Uvajalni tečaj vsebuje pouk nizozemščine (do ur na štirih stopnjah, od katerih se ur izvaja v centru samem) in ur pouka„družbenega usmerjanja“.
The ‘society orientation’ classes have modules on practical andadministrative questions and provide information on how to access cultural and socialactivities.
Pouk „družbenega usmerjanja“ ima module o praktičnih in upravnih vprašanjih ter zagotavlja informacije o dostopu do kulturnih in družbenih dejavnosti.
In Gent, they are provided in Turkish, Arabic, French, English, Russian, Spanish,Persian, Albanian and Somali as well as Dutch.
V Gentu se izvaja v turškem, arabskem, francoskem, angleškem, ruskem, španskem, perzijskem, albanskem, somalskem in nizozemskem jeziku.
The city also seeks to provide a ‘custommade’ individual reception programme together with other organisations, includingguidance on employment, education and training.
Mesto se trudi zagotavljati tudi „prilagojene“ individualne sprejemne programe, skupaj z drugimi organizacijami, vključno z napotki o zaposlovanju, izobraževanju in usposabljanju.
At the moment around 500 adultnewcomers follow the introduction programme.
Trenutno v uvajalnem programu sodeluje približno odraslih novoprispelih priseljencev.
Designing programmes
Oblikovanje programov
Offering courses at several levels using different formats and a range of teaching methodscan help to achieve successful language training for immigrants with different educationalbackgrounds or previous knowledge of the country and language.
Ponujanje tečajev na več ravneh s pomočjo različnih formatov in širokim naborom učnih metod lahko pomaga pri uspešnem jezikovnem izobraževanju priseljencev z različno izobrazbo ali predhodnim znanjem o državi in jeziku.
This leads to usablequalifications.
To vodi do uporabnih kvalifikacij.
Ideally the programmes provide for tests after the courses in order tovalidate the learning level of participants.
V idealnih primerih se programi zaključijo s preskusi znanja, da se preveri nivo znanja udeležencev.
Especially in countries where newly arriving immigrants and refugees do not yet haveknowledge of the local language through colonial or other ties, language teachingconstitutes the centrepiece of introduction efforts by governments.
Poučevanje jezika, zlasti v državah, kjer novoprispeli priseljenci ali begunci še nimajo znanja lokalnega jezika preko kolonialnih ali drugih vezi, pomeni točko, ki ji vlade pri trudu v zvezi z uvajanjem namenjajo največ pozornosti.
Courses aregenerally aimed at legally resident adults who do not have sufficient knowledge of theofficial language or languages.
Tečaji so običajno namenjeni odraslim, ki zakonito prebivajo v državi članici in nimajo zadostnega znanja uradnega jezika ali jezikov.
Although governments devote a lot of resources tolanguage programmes, many are concerned that optimal results are not reached.
Čeprav vlade jezikovnim programom namenjajo veliko sredstev, mnoge skrbi, da se ne dosegajo optimalni rezultati.
Participants are often allocated to different levels of language training.
Udeleženci so pogosto razdeljeni na različne ravni jezikovnega usposabljanja.
In Sweden, thegiven language skills of the participants are evaluated to distribute them over four levels(two levels are used to differentiate participants with an academic background).
Na Švedskem so udeleženci na podlagi ocene predhodnega znanja jezika razdeljeni v štiri ravni (dve ravni sta namenjeni razlikovanju udeležencev z akademsko izobrazbo).
In theintegration courses provided under the 2004 German immigration law, the classallocation will reflect prior language skills as well as educational experiences.
V integracijskih tečajih, zagotovljenih v okviru nemškega zakona o priseljevanju iz leta , porazdelitev po razredih odraža predhodno znanje jezika, pa tudi stopnjo izobrazbe.
In contrast,the migratory group which the participant belongs to will not be relevant for theallotment into a language class as has been the case in the past.
Nasprotno pa migracijska skupina, kateri udeleženec pripada, ne bo igrala vloge pri dodelitvi v jezikovni razred, kakor je bilo v navadi v preteklosti.
Many countries offerseparate literacy classes - generally with more intensive teaching - and special coursesfor young migrants.
Mnoge države nudijo ločene programe opismenjevanja – v splošnem z bolj intenzivnim poučevanjem – in posebne tečaje za mlade migrante.