natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Soil structure is very complex and variable — in Europe alone, 10 000 different types of soil (categorised into over 320 major soil types) have been identified (see box on key facts).
Struktura tal je zelo zapletena in spremenljiva – samo v Evropi najdemo 10 000 vrst tal (razvrščene so v več kot 320 glavnih vrst) (glej tabelo z osnovnimi podatki).
Damage to soil structure has repercussions on other environmental media and ecosystems.It takes centuries to build up a mere centimetre of soil but, if mistreated, soil can be blown or washed away in a few seasons.
Poškodbe strukture tal imajo povratno reakcijo na ostale okoljske medije in ekosisteme.
And yet, soil degradation is accelerating.
Stoletja so potrebna, da se ustvari samo centimeter tal, toda ob nepravilni obravnavi jih lahko odnese ali izpere v nekaj sezonah.
This is in part a natural phenomenon but some soil degradation processes are exacerbated by all kinds of unsustainable human uses.
Toda kljub vsemu se degradacija tal pospešuje.
Inappropriate agricultural practices accelerate water and wind erosion and the decline in organic matter, leading to a loss of soil fertility.
Deloma je to naravni fenomen, toda nekatere procese degradacije tal zaostrujejo vse vrste netrajnostnih človekovih tavnanj.
Too many animals grazing in a given area and inappropriate use of heavy machinery make the soil too compact.
Neprimerna kmetijska praksa pospešuje erozijo vode in vetra ter zmanjšanje količine organske snovi, zaradi česar tla izgubijo plodnost.
Inappropriate irrigation leads to an increase in salt. Intensive land use, population growth and tourism increase the risk of landslides in areas with steep slopes, lots of rain
Preveliko število živali, ki se pase na določenem ozemlju, ter neustrezna uporaba težke mehanizacije povzročajo zbitost tal.
Roots loosen the soil, allowing oxygen to penetrate.
Neprimerno namakanje tal povzroča večjo vsebnost soli v zemlji.
This benefits animals living in the soil. They also hold soil together and help prevent erosion.
Intenzivna uporaba zemlje, rast prebivalstva in turizem povečujejo možnost zemeljskih usadov na območjih s strmimi pobočji in veliko
A fully functioning soil reduces the risk of floods and protects underground water supplies by neutralising or filtering out potential pollutants and storing as much as 3 750 tonnes of water per hectare.
Popolnoma funkcionalna tla pomagajo preprečevati poplave in ščitijo zaloge podtalnih voda z nevtralizacijo in ltracijo možnih onesnaževal ter skladiščijo tudi do 3 750 ton vode na hektar.
Soil scientists have identified over 10 000 different types of soil in Europe.
Strokovnjaki za tla so opredelili več kot 10 000 različnih vrst tal v Evropi.
Soils worldwide contain 1 550 billion tonnes of organic carbon (to be compared with an atmospheric carbon pool of 760 billion tonnes and 560 billion tonnes of carbon in living organisms and plants).
Tla po vsem svetu vsebujejo 1 550 milijard ton organskega ogljika (v primerjavi z atmosferskim ogljikom, ki ga je 760 milijard ton, in 560 milijardami ton v živih organizmih in rastlinah).
Soil captures about 20 % of the world’s manmade carbon dioxide emissions.
Tla prestrežejo okrog 20 % emisij ogljikovega dioksida, ki jih povzroči človek.
In 2002, the EU launched a new approach to environmental legislation.
Škoda, ki jo vsako leto povzroči degradacija tal v EU, je ocenjena na okrog 38 milijard EUR.
It started work on seven ‘thematic’ strategies (see box), including one on soil.The soil thematic strategy was adopted by the European Commission on 22 September 2006 after a thorough development process involving a broad range of stakeholders — experts from public administrations, agricultural, industrial, environmental and consumer organisations, science and research institutes, the European Environment Agency, the Joint Research Centre and
Leta 2005 in 2006 je Evropska komisija sprejela sedem tematskih strategij – za tla, pesticide, onesnaženje zraka, morsko okolje, preprečevanje nastajanja odpadkov in recikliranje, naravne vire in urbano okolje. Sedaj so v postopku odločanja EU (Svet ministrov EU, Evropski parlament, itd.), da jih države članice izvedejo.
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Dejstvo št. 3: Evropska komisija je sprožila celostno strategijo EU za preučevanje vseh vidikov varstva tal ob upoštevanju raznovrstnih položajev v posameznih državah.
Once adopted by the Council and the European Parliament, the soil framework directive will have to be transposed into the national legislation of the Member States.
Ko bosta Svet in Evropski parlament sprejela okvirno direktivo o tleh, jo bodo morale države članice prenesti v svojo nacionalno zakonodajo.
The Commission will facilitate the exchange of information and good practice between Member States and encourage active public participation, especially on the part of regional and local governments, agriculture, industry and civil society.Through the soil strategy, the Commission is establishing a framework based on common EU-wide principles and objectives to address the different facets of soil degradation.
Komisija bo omogočila izmenjavo informacij in dobrih praks med državami članicami in pospešila aktivno sodelovanje javnosti, zlasti kar zadeva regionalne in lokalne uprave, kmetijstvo, industrijo in civilno družbo. S strategijo za tla Komisija oblikuje okvir, ki temelji na splošnih načelih in ciljih EU, s katerimi se bodo obravnavali vidiki degradacije tal.
It will be an obligation for the Member States to identify where the problems occur, but they are free to decide what to do, and to what extent, in order to address these problems.Soil is not the only beneficiary of the strategy.
Države članice bodo morale opredeliti žarišča problemov, toda pri odločanju glede tega, kako in v kakšni meri bodo ukrepale, da bi rešile problem, bodo imele proste roke. Od te strategije ne bodo imela koristi samo tla.
Other environmental media such as water, air and nature will also be improved as a result.
Izboljšali se bodo drugi okoljski mediji, kot so voda, zrak in narava.
Land users will benefit from a soil which can better perform the economic functions they expect and the environment in general will benefit from the ecological services that a healthy soil provides.
Uporabniki zemljišč bodo imeli koristi od tal, ki lahko bolje opravljajo pričakovane gospodarske dejavnosti, ekološke storitve, ki jih lahko dajo zdrava tla, pa bodo pozitivno vplivale tudi na okolje v celoti.
other Commission services, and many other Europe-wide associations.
zdrava za prihodnje generacije ter še naprej podpirati ekosisteme, od katerih so odvisne naše gospodarske dejavnosti in dobro počutje.
The strategy tackles the full range of threats and creates a common framework to protect soil.
Zajema sporočilo, ki našteva načela politike EU za varstvo tal, zakonodajni predlog (okvirno direktivo o tleh) in analizo okoljskih, gospodarskih in družbenih vplivov strategije.
Its objective is to halt and reverse the process of degradation, ensure that EU soils stay healthy for future generations and remain capable of supporting the ecosystems on which our economic activities and our well-being depend.It comprises a communication laying down the principles of EU soil protection policy, a legislative proposal (a soil framework directive) and an analysis of the environmental, economic and social impacts of the strategy.Member States are required to identify risk areas for erosion, organic matter decline, compaction, salinisation and landslides, on the basis of common criteria set out in the directive.
Od držav članic se zahteva, da na podlagi skupnih meril, ki so določena v direktivi, opredelijo območja tveganja za erozijo, zmanjšanje količine organskih snovi, zbijanje tal, zasoljevanje in zemeljske usade.
They will set risk reduction targets for those risk areas and establish programmes of measures to reach them.
Določile bodo cilje za zmanjšanje tveganj za ta območja tveganja in ustanovile programe ukrepov, s katerimi bi se to doseglo.
These measures will vary according to the severity of the degradation processes, local conditions and socioeconomic considerations.
Ti ukrepi se bodo razlikovali glede na resnost procesa degradacije, lokalne pogoje in družbeno-gospodarske pomisleke.
As far as contamination is concerned, the Member States will identify the relevant sites in their national territory.
Kar zadeva onesnaženje, bodo države članice opredelile pomembna območja na svojem nacionalnem ozemlju.
They will establish a national remediation strategy on the basis of an EU-wide definition and of a common list of potentially polluting activities.
Določile bodo nacionalne strategije sanacije na podlagi širše opredelitve EU in skupnega seznama morebitnih onesnaževalnih dejavnosti.
They will have to create a mechanism to fund the remediation of orphan sites.
Morale bodo ustvariti mehanizem za nanciranje sanacije območij brez lastništva.
Anyone selling or buying a site where potentially contaminating activity has taken or is taking place will have to provide to the administration and to the other party in the transaction a soil status report.
Vsakdo, ki bo prodajal ali kupoval zemljišče, kjer se je izvajala ali se izvaja morebitna onesnaževalna dejavnost, bo moral zadevnim upravnim organom in drugi stranki transakcije poslati poročilo o stanju tal.
The directive also addresses the prevention of diffuse contamination by limiting the introduction of dangerous substances into the soil.
Direktiva prav tako obravnava preprečevanje razpršenega onesnaževanja z omejevanjem vnosa nevarnih snovi v tla.
Member States are also required to limit sealing, for instance by rehabilitating brownfield sites, and mitigate its effects by using construction techniques that preserve as many soil functions as possible.
Od držav članic se prav tako zahteva, da z obnavljanjem opuščenih industrijskih območij omejijo pozidavo in z uporabo gradbenih tehnik, ki omogočajo ohranjanje kar največ funkcij tal, zmanjšajo njene učinke.
Further reading
Več informacij
Soil atlas of Europe: more than 20 years of collaboration between European soil scientists has resulted in the publication by the European Commission of the first ever Soil atlas of Europe — a reference work for EU citizens and decision-makers, with an introduction to soils aimed at the general public and 128 pages of colourful maps, tables, figures and graphs.
Atlas tal Evrope: več kot 20 let sodelovanja med strokovnjaki za evropska tla je obrodilo prvi Atlas tal Evrope – publikacijo Evropske unije, ki je referenčno delo za prebivalce EU in nosilce odločanja, ki splošni javnosti omogoča seznanitev z vprašanji, povezanimi s tlemi, in vključuje 128 strani barvnih zemljevidov, tabel, številčnih podatkov in grafov.
Currently available in English only, it is planned to be translated in other EU languages in the course of 2007.
Trenutno je na voljo samo v angleškem jeziku, prevodi v ostale jezike EU so načrtovani za leto 2007.
To order a hard copy of the Soil atlas of Europe (EUR 25), please visit the following Internet address: http://eusoils.jrc.it/projects/soil_atlas/index.html
Za naročilo Atlasa tal Evrope v trdi vezavi (25 EUR) obiščite naslednjo spletno stran: http://eusoils.jrc.it/projects/soil_atlas/index.html
Soil protection — The story behind the strategy: the purpose of this summary brochure is to describe the process leading to the adoption of the strategy and to summarise its content.
Varstvo tal – Zgodba, ki se skriva za strategijo: v tej brošuri je opisan proces, ki je vodil k sprejetju strategije, povzeta pa je tudi njena vsebina.
It can be downloaded from the following Internet address: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/soil/pdf/soillight.pdf
Prenesti jo je mogoče z naslednje spletne strani: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/soil/pdf/soillight.pdf
Data and information regarding soils at European level are available at:http://eusoils.jrc.it/
Podatki in informacije na evropski ravni glede tal so na voljo na: http://eusoils.jrc.it/
The full text of the strategy and other information are available at: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/soil/index.htm
Popolno besedilo strategije in ostale informacije so na voljo na: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/soil/index.htm
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.Photos: Digital Vision, PhotoDisc
Reprodukcija je dovoljena z navedbo vira.Fotograje: Digital Vision, PhotoDisc.
Environmental Compliance Assistance Programme for SMEs
Program pomoči za skladnost z okoljsko zakonodajo za MSP-je
Small, Clean and Competitive
Majhna, čista in konkurenčna
Europe Direct is a service to help you find answersto your questions about the European Union
Europe Direct je služba za pomoč pri iskanju odgovorov na vprašanja v zvezi z Evropsko unijo
Freephone number (*) :
Brezplačna telefonska številka*:
A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet.It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://ec.europa.eu).
Veliko dodatnih informacij o Evropski uniji je na voljo na internetu.Dostop je mogoč na strežniku Europa (http://europa.eu).
Luxembourg : Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2008
Luxembourg: Urad za uradne publikacije Evropskih skupnosti, 2008
© European Communities, 2008Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.
© Evropske skupnosti, 2008Reprodukcija je dovoljena z navedbo vira.
PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER THAT HAS BEEN AWARDED THE EU ECO-LABEL FOR GRAPHIC PAPER
TISKANO NA RECIKLIRANEM PAPIRJU, KI MU JE BIL PODELJEN ZNAK ZA OKOLJE EU ZA GRAFIČNI PAPIR
Environmental management
Ravnanje z okoljem
Targeted funding
Finančna pomoč
Building expertise
Dograjevanje strokovnega znanja
Small, Clean and Competitive
Majhna, čistain konkurenčna
SMEs of the future: cleaner and more competitive mall to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can find it difficult to meet the requirements of environmental legislation and take steps to im-
MSP prihodnosti: čistejši in konkurenčnejši a mala in srednja podjetja (MSP) lahko izpol- njevanje zahtev okoljske zakonodaje in priza-
S on the environment, the combined effect of their activities is considerable.
Z devanja za izboljšanje ekološke učinkovitosti
It is important therefore that, if progress is to be made, efforts to address environmental problems include SMEs.
Če torej želimo napredek na tem področju, je pomembno, da prizadevanja za reševanje okoljskih problemov vključujejo tudi MSP.
prove their eco-efficiency.
Težavna situacija prinašajo težave.
The EU’s Environmental Compliance Assistance Programme (ECAP) is here to lend a helping hand, providing the resources, information and tools that Europe’s entrepreneurs need to green their operations.
Program EU za pomoč za skladnost z okoljsko zakonodajo (ECAP) je namenjen za nudenje pomoči, zagotavljanje virov, informacij in orodij, ki jih evropski podjetniki potrebujejo pri ozelenjevanju svojega poslovanja.
Tricky situation
Razlogov za to je več.
Representing around 99% of all enterprises and 57% of the economic value-added, SMEs account for a significant proportion of economic activity in the EU.
MSP prispevajo pomemben delež gospodarske dejavnosti v EU, saj predstavljajo okoli 99 % vseh podjetij in 57 % dodane vrednosti v gospodarstvu.
This means that although individual businesses may have a small impact
Kljub morda majhnemu vplivu na okolje, ki ga imajo posamezna podjetja, pa je skupen vpliv njihovih dejavnosti precejšen.
However, many SMEs across Europe are unaware of the impact their operations have on the environment, or the legislation that applies to them.
Prvič, manjša podjetja največkrat nimajo namenskih virov in strokovnega znanja, da bi se posvetila okoljskim ali pravnim vprašanjem.
Ecoinnovation – an opportunity
Ekoinovacije so priložnost
The Scottish company Windsave has developed a small wind turbine generator system which uses low wind speeds to create electricity, and which is designed to be mounted on almost any building, offering both nancial and environmental rewards to its users.
Škotsko podjetje Windsave je razvilo majhen zračnoturbinski generatorski sistem, ki s pogonom na veter pri manjših hitrostih proizvaja elektriko in ki je zasnovan tako, da ga je možno namestiti na skoraj vsako zgradbo, uporabnikom pa nudi finančne in okoljske koristi.
The turbine is the first worldwide low-cost product that delivers electricity directly into homes and other buildings merely by plugging the supply into the wall socket.
Turbina je prvi nizkocenovni izdelek na svetu, ki dovaja elektriko neposredno v domovanja in druge zgradbe samo s priključitvijo vira v stensko vtičnico.
The system uses wind speed to create environmentally friendly electricity and acts as the first source of power, thus reducing the amount of electricity that needs to be drawn from the national grid and, subsequently, the amount of COst emitted.
Sistem s pomočjo vetra proizvaja okolju prijazno elektriko in deluje kot prvotni vir energije ter s tem zmanjšuje količino elektrike, ki jo je treba jemati iz nacionalnega omrežja, posledica pa so tudi manjše količine izpustov CO
Widespread uptake amongst public services, such as schools, could have a significant impact on COemission levels.
Širša uporaba pri javnih porabnikih, kot so šole, bi lahko imela pomemben vpliv na stopnje emisij CO2
First, smaller businesses generally lack the dedicated resources and expertise to devote to environmental or legal issues. They tend to have shorter planning times and less access to capital than larger ones, meaning upfront investments in eco-technology make less economic sense or are beyond their reach.
Ponavadi imajo manj časa za načrtovanje in težje pridejo do kapitala kot večja podjetja, kar pomeni, da so zanje vnaprejšnje investicije v ekotehnologijo ekonomsko manj smiselne ali pa si jih celo ne morejo privoščiti.
Also, there are limited market incentives or recognition for environmentally friendly behaviour at present.
Poleg tega trenutno prejmejo manj tržnih spodbud in priznanj za okolju prijazno ravnanje.
In addition, SMEs are often below the threshold for many of the EU’s environmental schemes and legislation, such as the emissions trading scheme, the main EU action on
Poleg omenjenega so MSP pogosto pod pragom mnogih okoljskih programov in zakonodaje EU, kot je npr. sistem trgovanja z emisijami, ki je glavni ukrep EU na področju podnebnih sprememb, ali pa Direktiva IPPC o celovitem preprečevanju in nadzorovanju onesnaževanja, ki ureja industrijsko onesnaževanje.
Greener meals on wheels
Bolj zelena dostava hrane na dom
Sotral is an Italian SME that delivers meals to schools, hospitals and the armed forces.To comply with hygiene and environmental requirements, it is vital that the food arrives on time and at the correct temperature.
Sotral je italijansko MSP, ki dostavlja obroke hrane šolam, bolnišnicam in oboroženim silam. Da bi ustrezala higienskim in okoljskim zahtevam, mora hrana prispeti na cilj pravočasno in imeti pravo temperaturo.
Using the Environmental Product Declaration system, the company analysed the environmental impact of its business and made improvements.
Podjetje je s pomočjo sistema okoljskega deklariranja izdelkov analiziralo okoljske vplive svojega poslovanja in uvedlo izboljšave.
By equating environmental efficiency with economic efficiency, and
Z uskladitvijo okoljske in ekonomske učinkovitosti ter z zmanjšanjem porabe finančnih
2 produced for each cutting their use of nancial and natural resources, Sotral was able to reduce the COtransported meal whilst boosting its turnover.
2 na posamezen prepeljani obrok hrane, in naravnih virov je Sotralu uspelo zmanjšati količino oddanega COobenem pa povečati promet.
Changes such as switching to an alternative, cheaper fuel like methane demonstrated that environmental considerations can have a positive commercial effect as well.
Spremembe, npr. prehod na uporabo alternativnega, cenejšega goriva, kot je metan, so pokazale, da ima upoštevanje okoljskih vidikov lahko tudi pozitivne poslovne učinke.
Employees were also encouraged to approach business in a more responsible and sustainable way.
Tudi zaposlene so spodbujali, da so se posla lotevali na bolj odgovoren in sonaraven način.
Sotral shows that action to improve a company’s environmental impact does not have to harm its profitability.
Sotralov primer kaže, da ukrepi za izboljšanje okoljskih vplivov podjetja ne škodujejo nujno tudi njegovi donosnosti.
Indeed, the reverse is true – its turnover rose by more than 15% in 2005 and by 25% in 2006, with a continuing upward trend expected in 2007.
Pravzaprav velja ravno nasprotno – promet podjetja je v letu 2005 narasel za 15 % in za 25 % v letu 2006, v letu 2007 pa naj bi se po pričakovanjih rastoči trend nadaljeval.
Following a Life Cycle Assessment, the company has even gone on to create a new ecological catering unit to extend the good work.
Po vzoru Ocenjevanja življenjskega cikla je podjetje celo ustanovilo novo ekološko dostavno enoto in tako še razširilo svoje dobro delo.
Introduction climate change, or the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive (IPPC) controlling industrial pollution.
Uvod kemikalijam ali onesnaženemu zraku izboljšamo zdravstvene in varnostne pogoje za delavce.
These factors mean that SMEs may be missing out on the significant benefits that greening their operations can bring.
Podjetja k boljšemu ravnanju z okoljem navadno prisili potreba po skladnosti s predpisi in njihovo izvajanje s strani oblasti.
Better environmental management can cut costs, for instance, by improving energy and resource efficiency.
Vendar pa so samo inšpekcijski pregledi premalo, da bi zagotovili skladnost, in le redko povzročijo trajne spremembe v ravnanju med MSP.
It can also make conditions healthier and safer for workers by reducing exposure to chemicals or air pollution.
Omenjeni dejavniki pomenijo, da MSP morda ne uživajo precejšnjih ugodnosti, ki bi jih lahko, če bi svoje delovanje naredili bolj okolju prijazno.
Improved environmental behaviour by companies is usually driven by the need to meet regulations and enforcement of the rules by authorities.
Podjetja, ki se trudijo ekološko izboljšati svoje delovanje, pa si pogosto zagotovijo še druge prednosti.
However, actions such as inspections are insufficient to ensure compliance and rarely produce more permanent change in behaviour among SMEs.
Obenem lahko s tem gradijo svojo javno podobo odgovornega podjetja in jo uporabijo kot tržno orodje – to pa je dejavnik, ki postaja vse bolj pomemben.
Adopted in October 2007, the Environmental Compliance Assistance Programme (ECAP) provides a framework to help small and medium-sized companies implement European environmental legislation and minimise the environmental impacts of their activities.
ECAP, program pomoči za skladnost z okoljsko zakonodajo, je bil sprejet oktobra 2007 in vzpostavlja ogrodje za pomoč malim in srednjim podjetjem pri izvrševanju evropske okoljske zakonodaje in pri zmanjševanju vplivov njihovih dejavnosti na okolje.
Actions are planned for:
Načrtovani so ukrepi za:
Better regulation in the design and implementation of policies to minimise the administrative burden of compliance on SMEs.
Boljšo ureditev pri pripravi in izvajanju politik za zmanjšanje administrativnih bremen MSP pri usklajevanju z zakonodajo.
The European Commission is examining all Community legislation to identify where it can cut unnecessary costs or reduce the administrative burden.
Evropska komisija proučuje vso zakonodajo Skupnosti, da bi ugotovila, kje je možno omejiti nepotrebne stroške ali zmanjšati administrativna bremena.
It is also working with implementation authorities and seeking to involve the SME sector more closely when making new policies.
Sodeluje tudi z izvršilnimi organi, pri oblikovanju novih politik pa želi dejavneje vključiti tudi sektor MSP.
Developing more accessible tailor-made environmental management schemes to integrate environmental concerns into SMEs’ core business activities in a coherent and cost-effective way.
Razvijanje dostopnejših, posebej pripravljenih programov ravnanja z okoljem, s katerimi bi skrb za okolje na skladen in stroškovno učinkovit način vključili v osnovne poslovne dejavnosti MSP.