natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Among the main interventions in this field are opioid substitution treatment and needle and syringe exchange programmes, which target overdose deaths and the spread of infectious diseases.
Med glavnimi ukrepi na tem področju so nadomestno zdravljenje z opioidi ter programi zamenjave injekcijskih igel in brizg, s katerimi se skuša vplivati na smrtnost zaradi prevelikega odmerka in širjenje nalezljivih bolezni.
These measures are reported to be available in all countries except Turkey.
Po poročanju držav so ti ukrepi na voljo v vseh državah razen v Turčiji.
While considerable differences exist in the range and levels of service provision (see Chapters 6 and 7), the general European trend is one of growth and consolidation of harm-reduction measures.
Čeprav so med obsegom in ravnmi zagotavljanja storitev velike razlike (glej poglavji 6 in 7), se ukrepi za zmanjševanje škode v Evropi na splošno povečujejo in utrjujejo.
The United Kingdom has a long history of assessing the health system and one of the widest sets of instruments to monitor and improve treatment quality.
Združeno kraljestvo ima dolgo tradicijo ocenjevanja zdravstvenega sistema in enega od najširših sklopov instrumentov za spremljanje in izboljševanje kakovosti zdravljenja.
This now includes a document on clinical governance in drug treatment (NTA, 2009) that addresses lines of responsibility and accountability, quality improvement, risk management policies and procedures to identify and remedy poor performance.
Ta sklop zdaj vključuje tudi dokument o upravljanju bolnišnic na področju zdravljenja zaradi drog (NTA,2009), ki zadeva odgovornost in preglednost, izboljševanje kakovosti, politike obvladovanja tveganja ter postopke za ugotavljanje in odpravljanje slabih rezultatov.
A study commissioned by the EMCDDA identified 60¢national treatment guidelines in 17 out of 22 reporting countries in Europe.
V študiji, ki jo je naročil Center, je bilo opredeljenih 60 nacionalnih smernic za zdravljenje v 17evropskih
‘Harm reduction: evidence, impacts and challenges’ was published in 2010 by the EMCDDA. The monograph provides a comprehensive overview of this field through 16 chapters authored by more than 50 European and international experts.
Večina evropskih držav zagotavlja vrsto nadaljnjih zdravstvenih in socialnovarstvenih storitev, vključno s tistimi, ki jih priporočajo SZO, UNODC in UNAIDS (2009), kot del „celovitega svežnja“ za preprečevanje širjenja virusa HIV med injicirajočimi uporabniki drog.
This publication is available in print and online on the EMCDDA website in English only.
Ukrepi, ki so po navadi na voljo, so odvisni od nacionalnih okoliščin, vključujejo pa
Chapter 2: Responding to drug problems in Europe — an overview employment and to obtain or improve housing.
Poglavje 2: Odzivi na problematiko drog v Evropi – pregled
In practice, reintegration programmes may include vocational counselling, work placements and housing support.
Monografija, sestavljena iz 16 poglavij, vsebuje celovit pregled tega področja, ki ga je pripravilo več kot 50 evropskih in mednarodnih strokovnjakov.
Prison¢based interventions, which have an impact on relapse and reoffending, may link inmates to community¢based housing and social support services in preparation for their release.
Prvi del monografije obravnava pojav in širjenje zmanjševanja škode ter proučevanje tega koncepta z različnih vidikov, tudi z vidika mednarodnih organizacij, raziskovalcev in uporabnikov drog.
In general, the outcomes of social reintegration measures often rely on efficient collaboration between health and social care institutions.
Drugi del zajema trenutne dokaze in učinke, prikazuje pa tudi, kako se je ta koncept širil in zajel najrazličnejše oblike vedenja in škode, vključno z oblikami, povezanimi z alkoholom, tobakom in rekreativno uporabo drog.
prevention among drug injectors.
V praksi so med storitvami reintegracije lahko poklicno svetovanje, delovna praksa in pomoč pri nastanitvi.
The interventions routinely offered depend on the national context, but include individual risk assessment and advice, targeted information and safer-use education, distribution of injecting equipment other than needles and syringes, promotion of condom use among injecting drug users, infectious disease testing and counselling, antiretroviral treatment and vaccination against viral hepatitis.
individualne ocene tveganja in svetovanje, usmerjene informacije in izobraževanje o varnejši uporabi, razdeljevanje druge opreme za vbrizgavanje poleg igel in brizg, spodbujanje uporabe kondomov med injicirajočimi uporabniki drog, testiranje za nalezljive bolezni in svetovanje o njih, protiretrovirusno zdravljenje in cepljenje proti virusnemu hepatitisu.
Many of these services are provided at lowthreshold agencies.
Številne od omenjenih storitev ponujajo nizkopražne agencije.
Harm-reduction responses aimed at preventing drug¢induced deaths are, however, scarce¢(22), despite an increasing awareness of the need for such interventions.
Vendar so odzivi za zmanjševanje škode, namenjeni preprečevanju smrtnih primerov zaradi droge, redki(22), čeprav je ozaveščenost o potrebi po takih ukrepih vedno večja.
New initiatives in this field include early warnings or alerts about substances associated with higher risks¢(23).
Novi ukrepi na tem področju vključujejo zgodnje obveščanje ali opozarjanje pri snoveh, s katerimi je povezano večje tveganje(23). Leta
For example, all lowthreshold facilities in the Czech Republic were notified in 2009 about a possible penetration of fentanyl into the local drug market.
2009 so bile na primer vse nizkopražne ustanove v Češki republiki obveščene o možnosti prodora fentanila na lokalni trg z drogami.
Although there is no direct causal relationship between the more problematic forms of drug use and social exclusion, they are often associated.
Čeprav med bolj problematičnimi oblikami uporabe drog in socialno izključenostjo ni neposredne vzročne zveze, sta pogosto povezani.
Data show that homelessness affected 9¢% of clients entering outpatient drug treatment and about 13¢% of those entering inpatient treatment in¢2008.
Podatki kažejo, da je bilo leta 2008 zaradi brezdomstva prizadetih 9% uporabnikov, ki so začeli izvenbolnišnično zdravljenje zaradi drog, in približno 13% tistih, ki so začeli bolnišnično zdravljenje.
About 40¢% of clients entering treatment in both settings had not completed their secondary education, while 47¢% of those entering outpatient and 71¢% of those entering inpatient treatment reported to be either unemployed or economically inactive¢(24).
Približno 40% uporabnikov, ki so se začeli zdraviti v obeh okoljih, nima srednješolske izobrazbe. 47% tistih, ki so se začeli zdraviti izvenbolnišnično, in 71% tistih, ki so se začeli zdraviti bolnišnično, pa je navedlo, da so nezaposleni ali ekonomsko neaktivni(24).
This may not improve under the current economic situation, where growing unemployment rates increase competition in the labour market¢(25).
To se v trenutnih gospodarskih razmerah najbrž ne bo izboljšalo, saj se zaradi vedno večje brezposelnosti povečuje konkurenca na trgu dela(25).
Following recent improvements in the treatment of hepatitis¢C, most countries are now increasing their efforts to prevent, detect and treat hepatitis among drug users, including those in substitution treatment.
Po nedavnem izboljšanju pri zdravljenju hepatitisa C si zdaj večina držav bolj prizadeva preprečevati, odkrivati in zdraviti hepatitis med uporabniki drog, tudi tistimi na nadomestnem zdravljenju.
Recent examples of this include: the new national hepatitis plan in France; a pilot study to develop recommendations for HCV prevention in Germany; and hepatitis treatment guidance in the Czech Republic, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.
Med novejše primere spadajo novi nacionalni načrt glede hepatitisa v Franciji, nemška poskusna študija za razvoj priporočil glede preprečevanja HCV v Nemčiji in smernice o zdravljenju hepatitisa v Češki republiki, na Nizozemskem in v Združenem kraljestvu.
Studies and screening campaigns in prison settings are also reported by several countries, including Belgium, France, Luxembourg and Hungary.
Več držav, vključno z Belgijo, Francijo, Luksemburgom in Madžarsko, poroča o študijah in kampanjah s presejalnimi pregledi v zaporih.
All reporting countries mention the availability of housing, education and employment programmes and services.
Vse države poročevalke navajajo, da so na voljo programi in storitve na področju nastanitve, izobraževanja in zaposlovanja.
These are either targeted specifically at drug users or address the needs of socially excluded groups in general.
Ti ukrepi so namenjeni bodisi izrecno uporabnikom drog bodisi izpolnitvi potreb socialno izključenih skupin na splošno.
Ireland and Sweden are discussing the ‘housing first model’ for homeless individuals with mental health and substance problems.
Irska in Švedska razmišljata o modelu „najprej stanovanje“ za brezdomce z duševnimi motnjami in težavami zaradi zlorabe snovi.
This model is often associated with integrated community treatment and social services and with case management.
Ta model je pogosto povezan s celostnim zdravljenjem v skupnosti in
The focus of harm-reduction responses has expanded beyond the HIV/AIDS epidemic into the broader perspective of catering for the health and social needs of problem drug users, especially those who are socially excluded.
Odzivi za zmanjševanje škode niso več osredotočeni samo na epidemijo virusa HIV/aidsa, ampak zajemajo širši vidik izpolnjevanja zdravstvenih in socialnih potreb problematičnih
Improving employability and access to paid work plays an important role in the social reintegration of drug users.
) Glej preglednico HSR-8 v statističnem biltenu 2010.)
Social reintegration is recognised as an essential component of comprehensive drug strategies.
Glej okvir „Izbruh antraksa med uporabniki heroina v Združenem kraljestvu in Nemčiji“ v poglavju 7.)
22) See Table HSR-8 in the 2010 statistical bulletin.
Glej preglednice TDI-12, TDI-13 in TDI-15 v statističnem biltenu 2010.)
Annual report 2010: the state of the drugs problem in Europe of interventions that are mainly implemented by police and police-like institutions (e.g. customs).
Letno poročilo 2010: stanje na področju problematike drog v Evropi socialnovarstvenimi storitvami ter vodenjem primera.
Data on drug law enforcement activities are often less developed and accessible than those in other areas of drug policy.
Dostop do namestitve ni pogojen s treznostjo in abstinenco od drog, kakor je v navadi za to problematično skupino.
Also examined here are recent law enforcement measures to tackle commercial cannabis production and new developments in international collaboration in combating drug trafficking.
Pristop „najprej stanovanje“ je dal pozitivne rezultate pri brezdomcih z različnimi številnimi socialnimi in zdravstvenimi značilnostmi, vključno z uporabniki snovi (Pleace, 2008).
In 2010, Europol opened an ‘analysis work file’ on cannabis¢(26).
Izboljševanje zaposljivosti in dostopa do plačanega dela pomembno vpliva na socialno reintegracijo uporabnikov drog.
The project includes a component on cannabis cultivation, which is intended to enhance the sharing of intelligence within the European Union regarding the involvement of organised crime in cannabis production.
Države, kot so Nemčija, Italija, Avstrija, Portugalska in Združeno kraljestvo, dajejo z novimi pobudami in večjim dodeljevanjem sredstev vedno večjo prednost tistim vidikom okrevanja, ki so povezani z zaposlovanjem.
developed specific strategies in this area. Belgium has made combating illegal cannabis production a¢priority of its National Security Plan 2008–12, while the Netherlands and the United Kingdom have developed multifaceted strategies to increase the detection and destruction of commercial plantations.
O komercialnem gojenju konoplje, zlasti v velikih nasadih v zaprtih prostorih, ki povzroča težave s kriminalom in javno varnostjo, poročajo iz Belgije, Nemčije, Nizozemske in Združenega kraljestva.
These strategies include measures such as raising awareness among the general population and some key sectors (e.g.¢electricity suppliers, hardware shops) to encourage them to report cannabis plantations to the police.
Poroča se, da kriminalne združbe v Združenem kraljestvu izkoriščajo mlade nezakonite priseljence iz Azije.
In addition, partnerships are established between law enforcement and electricity suppliers, housing authorities, insurance companies and other sectors interested in fighting commercial plantations.
Poleg tega je treba zaradi vzpostavitve komercialnih nasadov v zgradbah prostore pogosto preurediti, zaradi česar lahko nastane gmotna škoda.
In the Netherlands, for example, an ‘organised cannabis cultivation taskforce’ was established in July 2008 to coordinate existing efforts by police, local governments, magistrates and the tax office.
Dodatno tveganje za posest in varnost je povezano z veliko porabo električne energije za umetno svetlobo, ki jo rastline konoplje potrebujejo za rast v zaprtih prostorih.
Police forces can now be equipped with detection technology generally used by the military, including infrared cameras for thermal imaging, and conduct larger operations to destroy plantations and arrest suspects, such as ‘Operation Mazurka’ in Northern Ireland, which resulted in 101 arrests in 2008.
Poroča se tudi, da so nevarne metode, s katerimi se obidejo električni števci (da bi se izognili plačilu ali sumom), in slabo prilagojeno električno omrežje večkrat povzročili požare v nasadih v zaprtih prostorih.
Measures targeting cannabis cultivation have also been reported in other countries.
Kazenski pregon na področju drog je pomemben del nacionalnih politik in politik EU na področju drog.
For example, a major operation against ‘cannabis factories’ was conducted in 2008 in Ireland, while in Germany the federal criminal police (Bundeskriminalamt) set up a special unit to report on cannabis offences throughout the country.
Vključuje vrsto ukrepov, ki jih v glavnem izvajajo policija in policiji podobne ustanove (na primer carina).
It is difficult to estimate the scope of illicit cannabis cultivation in Europe, as data are very limited on the number of growers and on the size of plantations.
Podatki o dejavnostih kazenskega pregona na področju drog so pogosto manj razviti in dostopni kot podatki o drugih področjih politik v zvezi z drogami.
Qualitative studies and seizure data (see Chapter 3) suggest that domestic production might have increased substantially since the 1990s, especially in western Europe.
Očitna izjema so podatki o kršitvah zakonov o drogah, katerih pregled je podan v tem delu.
Qualitative studies show that the motivations of growers range from cultivating a few plants for personal use to producing several thousand plants for commercial purposes.
V njem so proučeni tudi novejši ukrepi kazenskega pregona za odpravljanje komercialne proizvodnje konoplje in novi dosežki na področju mednarodnega sodelovanja pri boju proti trgovini z drogami.
Drug law offences
Kazenski pregon zaradi drog
Initial reports on drug law offences, mainly from the police, are the only data on drugrelated crime routinely available in Europe¢(28).
Europol je leta2010 odprl „analitično delovno datoteko“ o konoplji(26).
These data usually refer to offences related to drug use (use and possession for use) or drug supply (production, trafficking and dealing), although other types of offences may be reported (e.g.¢related to drug precursors) in some countries.
To je posledica tega, da so nacionalni organi kazenskega pregona iz vsaj sedmih držav poročali, da so bile v komercialno gojenje konoplje vpletene kriminalne združbe, saj je ta dejavnost očitno lahko precej donosna(27).
Commercial cannabis cultivation, especially in large indoor plantations, has been reported to pose crime and public safety problems in Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.
Belgija je boj proti nezakoniti proizvodnji konoplje kot prednostno nalogo vključila v svoj načrt državne varnosti za obdobje 2008–2012, Nizozemska in Združeno kraljestvo pa sta razvila večstranske strategije za izboljševanje odkrivanja in uničevanja komercialnih nasadov.
Criminal organisations in the United Kingdom are reported to exploit young illegal immigrants from Asia.
Te strategije vključujejo ukrepe, kot so ozaveščanje prebivalstva in nekaterih ključnih sektorjev (na primer dobaviteljev električne energije ter trgovin z orodjem in opremo), da bi jih spodbudili k obveščanju policije o nasadih konoplje.
Furthermore, the setting up of commercial plantations inside buildings often entails converting the premises, which may damage the property.
Poleg tega so sklenjena partnerstva med organi kazenskega pregona in dobavitelji električne energije, stanovanjskimi službami, zavarovalnicami in drugimi zainteresiranimi sektorji za boj proti komercialnim nasadom.
A further risk to property and safety is related to the heavy consumption of electricity to provide artificial light to cannabis plants grown indoors.
Na Nizozemskem je bila na primer julija 2008 ustanovljena „skupina za boj proti organiziranemu gojenju konoplje“, ki naj bi uskladila prizadevanja policije, lokalnih oblasti, sodnih organov in davčnega urada.
Unsafe methods to bypass electricity meters¢— to avoid payment or raising suspicion¢— or ill-adapted wiring systems are reported to have caused fires in indoor plantations.
Policijske enote so zdaj lahko opremljene s tehnologijami za odkrivanje, ki jih navadno uporablja vojska, vključno z infrardečimi kamerami za termovizijo, in izvajajo večje operacije, katerih cilj je uničiti nasade in prijeti osumljence (na primer „operacija Mazurka“ na Severnem Irskem, v kateri je bila leta 2008 aretirana 101 oseba).
Cannabis cultivation is addressed within existing law enforcement frameworks against drugs and organised crime, but some European countries have recently
Na Irskem je bila leta 2008 izvedena velika operacija proti „tovarnam konoplje“, v Nemčiji pa je zvezna kriminalistična policija (Bundeskriminalamt) ustanovila posebno enoto, ki poroča o kršitvah zakonov, povezanih s konopljo, po vsej državi.
Data on drug law offences are a direct indicator of law enforcement activity, since they refer to consensual crimes which usually go unreported by potential victims.
Težko je oceniti obseg nezakonitega gojenja konoplje v Evropi, saj je o številu pridelovalcev in velikosti nasadov na voljo zelo malo podatkov.
They are often viewed as indirect indicators of drug use and drug trafficking, although they include only those activities that have come to the attention of law enforcement.
Kvalitativne študije in podatki o zasegih (glej poglavje 3) kažejo, da se je domača proizvodnja od devetdesetih let prejšnjega stoletja precej povečala, predvsem v zahodni Evropi.
They are also likely to reflect national differences in legislation, priorities and resources. Furthermore, national information systems differ across Europe, especially in relation to
Kvalitativne študije kažejo, da cilji pridelovalcev segajo od gojenja nekaj rastlin za osebno uporabo do proizvodnje več tisoč rastlin za komercialne namene.
26) An analysis work file is essentially a secured database containing information provided by participating countries, under strict confidentiality rules.
) Analitična delovna datoteka je v bistvu zavarovana podatkovna zbirka z informacijami, ki jih sodelujoče države zagotovijo v skladu s strogimi pravili o zaupnosti.
It¢allows Europol to support national law enforcement forces.
Europol jo uporablja kot pomoč nacionalnim organom kazenskega pregona. )
Chapter 2: Responding to drug problems in Europe — an overview and a stabilisation or an overall decline in nine countries
Poglavje 2: Odzivi na problematiko drog v Evropi – pregled
Development of interagency platforms in Europe over the period¢(29).
Razvoj medagencijskih platform v Evropi
The concept of interagency platforms, where law enforcement and military agencies from different countries share intelligence and coordinate seizures of drugs before they reach user markets, originates in America.
Koncept medagencijskih platform, v okviru katerih si lahko organi pregona in vojaške agencije iz različnih držav izmenjujejo obveščevalne podatke in usklajujejo zasege drog, preden te pridejo na uporabniške trge, izvira iz Amerike.
The Joint Interagency Task Force-South (JIATF-S), set up in Panama in 1994 and now based in Key West (Florida), is a model for this form of cooperation.
Skupna medagencijska delovna skupina (Joint Interagency Task Force-South – JIATF-S), ki je bila ustanovljena v Panami leta 1994 in ima zdaj sedež v Key Westu (na Floridi), je zgled za to obliko sodelovanja.
JIATF-S, a military-led platform, coordinates air and maritime interdiction activities south of the United States by US military, intelligence and law enforcement agencies, and by associated countries including Spain, France, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.
Platformo JIATF-S vodi vojska, namenjena pa je usklajevanju zračnih in pomorskih dejavnosti prestrezanja južno od Združenih držav Amerike, ki jih izvajajo ameriška vojska, obveščevalne službe in organi kazenskega pregona ter pridružene države, vključno s Španijo, Francijo, Nizozemsko in Združenim kraljestvom.
There has been no major shift in the balance between drug law offences related to use and those related to supply compared to previous years.
Podatki o kršitvah zakonov o drogah so neposreden kazalnik dejavnosti kazenskega pregona, saj zadevajo privolitvena kazniva dejanja, ki jih potencialne žrtve navadno ne prijavijo.
In most (23) European countries, offences related to drug use or possession for use continued to comprise the majority of drug law offences in 2008, with Estonia, Spain, France, Austria, Slovenia and Sweden reporting the highest proportions (81–92¢%).
Pogosto veljajo za posredne kazalnike uporabe drog in trgovine z drogami, čeprav vključujejo samo dejavnosti, s katerimi so seznanjeni organi kazenskega pregona.
Offences related to supply are, however, predominant in the Czech Republic (87¢%)¢(30).
Poleg tega se v njih verjetno kažejo nacionalne razlike v zakonodaji, prednostnih nalogah in sredstvih.
Between 2003 and 2008, the number of drug law offences related to use increased in 19 reporting countries, with only Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Austria and Slovenia reporting a decline across the period.
Razlikujejo se tudi nacionalni informacijski sistemi po Evropi, zlasti v povezavi s praksami evidentiranja in poročanja.
Overall, the number of drug law offences related to use in the European Union increased by an estimated 37¢% between 2003 and 2008 (Figure 2).
Zaradi tega je težko opraviti tehtne primerjave med državami, in zdi se, da je ustrezneje primerjati trende kot absolutne številke.
Offences related to the supply of drugs also increased during the period 2003–08, but at a much lower pace, with an increase of about 10¢% in the European Union.
Indeks EU, ki temelji na podatkih iz 21 držav članic, v katerih živi 85% prebivalcev Evropske unije, starih od 15 do 64 let, kaže, da se je število prijavljenih kršitev zakonov o drogah med letoma 2003 in 2008 po ocenah povečalo za 35%.
Over this period, 17 countries report an increase in supply-related offences, while eight countries report an
Če upoštevamo vse države poročevalke, podatki za to obdobje kažejo povečanje v 15 državah in ustalitev ali splošno upadanje v devetih državah(29).
overall decline¢(
Kršitve zakona, povezane z uporabo in ponudbo drog
Within Europe, two interagency platforms, both law enforcement-led, were recently established to coordinate actions against drug trafficking.
V Evropi sta bili pred kratkim ustanovljeni dve medagencijski platformi, ki ju vodijo organi kazenskega pregona in sta namenjeni usklajevanju ukrepov proti trgovini z drogami.