natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The results of a new study funded by the European Commission on the global illicit drug market were presented at the 2009 session of the Commission on
Med mednarodnimi političnimi razpravami so bile tudi razprave o trgovanju z drogami, tukaj pa je podan pregled nedavnega pravnega razvoja glede najmanjših kazni za trgovanje z drogami v Evropi.
Other topics addressed are the recent adoption and evaluation of national drug strategies and action plans, new data and trends on drugrelated public expenditure and developments regarding drugrelated research in Europe.
Ključno vprašanje v politični razpravi je bilo tudi zmanjševanje škode, poleg tega je v tem poglavju obravnavan pravni status dveh pomembnih ukrepov na tem področju, programa zamenjave injekcijskih igel in brizg ter nadomestnega zdravljenja.
that the global drug problem had been reduced between 1998 and 2007.
Študija ni z ničemer potrdila, da se je svetovni problem drog med letoma 1998 in 2007 zmanjšal.
For some nations, the problem declined but for others it worsened, in some cases substantially.
V nekaterih državah se je problem ublažil, v drugih se je poslabšal, ponekod celo znatno.
New UN political declaration and plan of action
Razvoj mednarodnih politik in politik EU
According to the study, illicit drug markets are not vertically integrated or dominated by major dealers or cartels.
Glede na študijo trgi prepovedanih drog niso vertikalno integrirani in jih ne obvladujejo večji preprodajalci ali karteli.
While sales of illicit drugs are estimated to generate more than EUR 100 billion, the vast majority of those involved in the drug trade make modest incomes.
Čeprav se ocenjuje, da se s prodajo prepovedanih drog ustvari več kot 100 milijard EUR prihodkov, ima velika večina tistih, ki so vključeni v trgovino z drogami, skromne dohodke.
A few individuals make great fortunes, but these account for only a small portion of the total revenue.
Nekaj posameznikov izjemno obogati, vendar je njihov delež v skupnih prihodkih majhen.
A convergence of national drug policies is reported by the study, with demand reduction receiving increasing emphasis and harm reduction finding wider acceptance.
Študija poroča o zbliževanju nacionalnih politik na področju drog, pri čemer se zmanjševanju povpraševanja pripisuje vse večji pomen, poleg tega se tudi bolj sprejema zmanjševanje škode.
Policies towards sellers and traffickers have toughened.
Strožje so postale politike za prodajalce in preprodajalce.
A new UN political declaration and plan of action (1) was adopted at a highlevel political meeting during this year’s session of the United Nations’ Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND).
V študiji je bilo navedeno, da je uveljavljanje prepovedi drog povzročilo precejšnjo nenamerno škodo, ki bi jo bilo mogoče v marsičem predvideti (npr. geografska premestitev proizvodnje in preprodaje).
This was the outcome of a year-long reflection, undertaken as part of the 10-year review of the progress made in reaching the goals and targets set in 1998 during the twentieth UN General Assembly Special Session (UNGASS) on the world drug problem.
Na političnem sestanku na visoki ravni sta bila med letošnjim sestankom Komisije Združenih narodov za droge (CND) sprejeta nova politična deklaracija in akcijski načrt ZN (1).
The enforcement of drug prohibition is judged by the study to have caused substantial unintended harm; much of which could have been predicted (e.g. geographical displacement of production and trafficking).
To je bil rezultat enoletne presoje, ki se je začela izvajati v okviru desetletnega pregleda napredka pri doseganju ciljev, zastavljenih na dvajsetem izrednem zasedanju Generalne skupščine Združenih narodov leta 1998 (Ungass) glede svetovnega problema drog.
(1) European Commission, ‘Report on global illicit drug markets, 2009’ (available at: http://ec.europa.eu/justice_home/doc_ centre/drugs/studies/doc_drugs_studies_en.htm).
) Evropska komisija, „Poročilo o svetovnih trgih prepovedanih drog, 2009“ (na voljo na naslovu: http://ec.europa.eu/justice_home/doc_centre/drugs/studies/doc_drugs_studies_en.htm).
The European Union and its Member States played a leading role in the UNGASS review.
Evropska unija in njene države članice so imele pri pregledu Ungass vodilno vlogo.
Political declaration and plan of action on international cooperation towards an integrated and balanced strategy to counter the world drug problem.
Politična deklaracija in akcijski načrt o mednarodnem sodelovanju za celostno in uravnoteženo strategijo pri boju proti svetovnem problemu drog.
Chapter 1: Policies and laws since 1990, is the second under the current EU strategy on drugs (2005–12).
Poglavje 1: Politike in zakoni področjih: države članice in institucije EU je zavezal k doseganju skupnih ciljev, zagotovil je okvir za usklajevanje in razvoj skladnega pristopa na področju boja proti drogam in je model politike na mednarodni ravni.
Its overall aim is to reduce significantly the prevalence of drug use among the population and to reduce the social and health damage caused by the use of and trade in illicit drugs.
Končna ocena akcijskega načrta EU za boj proti drogam je bila upoštevana pri oblikovanju njegovega naslednika, Akcijskega načrta EU za boj proti drogam (2009–2012), ki ga je Evropski svet sprejel decembra 2008 (3
The new EU action plan identifies five key priorities that reflect its areas of action: improving coordination, cooperation and raising public awareness; reducing the demand for drugs; reducing the supply of drugs; improving international cooperation; and, improving the understanding of the problem. The new plan is more
EU je poudarila, da mora biti spoštovanje mednarodnih konvencij o človekovih pravicah, skupaj s pravico do zdravstvenega varstva, ključni element nove politike na področju drog in da mora razvoj politik na področju drog temeljiti na znanstvenih dognanjih. EU je poleg tega menila, da v boju proti proizvodnji drog podpora za nadomestni razvoj ne sme biti pogojena z zmanjšanjem gojenja prepovedanih drog.
EU drugs action plan (2009–12): new features
Akcijski načrt EU za boj proti drogam (2009–2012): novosti
The new UN document is similar in content to the original UNGASS declarations and action plans agreed in 1998.
Novi dokument ZN je vsebinsko podoben prvotnim deklaracijam in akcijskim načrtom Ungass, o katerih je bil sprejet dogovor leta 1998.
It includes many of the elements put forward by the European Union, as can be seen in the plan of action, which reviews current drug policy problems and lists the actions that UN Member States have committed themselves to implementing during the next decade.
Vključuje številne elemente, ki jih je predlagala Evropska unija, kot je razvidno iz akcijskega načrta, v katerem so predstavljene sedanje težave v zvezi s politiko na področju drog in navedeni ukrepi, k izvajanju katerih so se zavezale države članice ZN v naslednjem desetletju.
Among the key actions and objectives under the heading of drug demand reduction are: better respect of human rights, increased accessibility of services and improved targeting of vulnerable groups.
Med ključnimi ukrepi in cilji pod naslovom zmanjšanja povpraševanja po drogah so: večje spoštovanje človekovih pravic, večja dostopnost storitev in boljša usmerjenost na ranljive skupine.
A better balance in drug policies, in favour of drug demand reduction, and the implementation of evidence-based interventions, as well as monitoring and quality assurance mechanisms, are also called for.
Zahtevajo se tudi večje ravnotežje politik na področju drog za zmanjšanje povpraševanja po drogah, izvajanje ukrepov na podlagi dognanj in mehanizmi za spremljanje in zagotavljanje kakovosti.
However, the UN document does not explicitly acknowledge the contribution of harm reduction, an approach that has been pursued in Europe under scientific scrutiny.
Vendar v dokumentu ZN ni izrecno priznan pomen zmanjševanja škode, to pa je pristop, ki se izvaja v Evropi pod temeljitim znanstvenim nadzorom.
EU action plans on drugs
Akcijski načrti EU za boj proti drogam
The participation of civil society in drug policy receives additional attention in the new EU drugs action plan.
Osredotočenost na kakovost ukrepov s področja preprečevanja, zdravljenja, zmanjševanja škode in rehabilitacije je bila okrepljena z ukrepi, ki zahtevajo pripravo in izmenjavo smernic, dobrih praks in standardov kakovosti ter razvoj minimalnih standardov in referenčnih meril EU o kakovosti na teh področjih.
Through setting up a ‘European Action on Drugs’, the action plan aims to stimulate European civil society’s commitment about and action on drug problems. The action plan also calls on Member States to involve civil society at all appropriate levels of drug policy.
V poglavju z naslovom zmanjševanje povpraševanja po drogah je več pozornosti namenjeno tudi zaporniškemu okolju, in sicer se z ukrepi od držav članic zahteva, da uporabnikom drog v zaporu zagotovijo storitve, ki so enakovredne tistim zunaj zaporov, izvajajo nadaljnjo oskrbo po izpustitvi iz kazenskega zavoda in na splošno izboljšajo spremljanje problematike drog in storitev, povezanih z drogami, v tem okolju.
In September 2008, the European Commission published its final evaluation of the 2005–08 EU drugs action plan (2
Evropska komisija je septembra 2008 objavila svojo končno oceno akcijskega načrta EU za boj proti drogam za obdobje 2005–2008 (2).
It also examined the action plan’s impact on the national drug policies of EU Member States and looked at recent trends in Europe’s drug situation.
Prav tako proučuje vpliv akcijskega načrta na nacionalne politike držav članic EU glede drog in nedavne trende v zvezi s stanjem na področju drog v Evropi.
The focus on the quality of interventions in the areas of prevention, treatment, harm reduction and rehabilitation has been reinforced through actions calling for the drafting and exchange of guidelines, good practices and quality standards, and for the development of EU minimum quality standards or benchmarks in these fields.
Cilj večine ukrepov, povezanih z zmanjševanjem ponudbe, je izboljšanje kazenskega pregona in pravosodnega sodelovanja med državami članicami, pogosto z večjim izkoriščanjem organov, projektov in orodij EU.
The prison setting also receives additional attention under the heading of drug demand reduction, with actions calling on Member States to provide services for drug users in prison equivalent to those existing outside prison, to implement follow-up care after release from prison and, overall, to improve the monitoring of drug problems and drug services in this setting.
Zmanjšanje zlorabe in preprodaje predhodnih sestavin v Evropi in prek nje je cilj sedmih različnih ukrepov s široko operativno osredotočenostjo.
Most of the actions related to supply reduction are aimed at improving law enforcement and judicial cooperation between Member States, often through increased use of EU bodies, projects and tools.
Na področju mednarodnega sodelovanja je bolj poudarjen alternativni razvoj, pri čemer trije ukrepi zahtevajo večjo finančno in politično podporo za take programe.
Reducing the diversion and trafficking of drug precursors within and through Europe is the subject of seven different actions, with a broadly operational focus.
Tudi v zunanjih sporazumih in programih se poskuša bolj upoštevati uravnotežen pristop med zmanjševanjem povpraševanja in ponudbe.
The evaluation found that while not all actions had been fully implemented and not all objectives attained, progress had been made in almost all areas of the action plan.
V oceni je bilo ugotovljeno, da je bil napredek dosežen na skoraj vseh področjih akcijskega načrta, čeprav niso bili v celoti izvedeni vsi ukrepi in doseženi vsi cilji.
Moreover, the fact that most national drug policy documents contain objectives that echo those of the EU action plan was noted as evidence of increasing convergence among European countries in the field of drug policy.
Poleg tega je bilo dejstvo, da večina nacionalnih dokumentov o politiki na področju drog vključuje cilje, ki odražajo cilje iz akcijskega načrta EU, izpostavljeno kot dokaz vse večjega zbliževanja evropskih držav na področju politike boja proti drogam.
A relative stabilisation of Europe’s drug situation in recent years was also observed, but the contribution of the EU action plan to this trend could not be determined.
Opažena je bila tudi relativna ustalitev stanja na področju drog v zadnjih letih, pri čemer ni bilo mogoče oceniti, koliko je k temu prispeval akcijski načrt.
In the area of international cooperation, a stronger emphasis is placed on alternative development, with three actions calling for intensified financial and political support for such programmes.
Z novim ukrepom pod naslovom podatki, raziskave in vrednotenje se poziva k razvoju ključnih kazalnikov in strategij za zbiranje podatkov o kriminalu, povezanem z drogo, nezakonitem gojenju, trgih droge in ukrepih za zmanjševanje ponudbe.
A better reflection of the balanced approach between demand and supply reduction is also pursued in external agreements and programmes.
Vse bolj se poudarja tudi krepitev raziskav na področju drog in razvoj ocenjevanja politike o drogah na nacionalni ravni in na ravni EU.
The final evaluation of the drug action plan informed the drafting of its successor, the EU drugs action plan (2009–12), which was endorsed by the European Council
Kljub nekaterim operativnim nepravilnostim je bilo na splošno ocenjeno, da je akcijski načrt EU za boj proti drogam pomenil dodano vrednost na treh posebnih
Annual report 2009: the state of the drugs problem in Europe focused than its predecessor, with only about half the number of objectives (24) and fewer actions (72).
Letno poročilo 2009: stanje na področju problematike drog v Evropi
It also contains objectives and actions that were not present in the earlier action plan (4
Vključuje tudi cilje in ukrepe, ki jih v predhodnem akcijskem načrtu ni bilo (4).
An external and independent and, in particular, of UN guiding principles for effective treatment; accessibility and adequate provision of narcotic drugs as pain relief medicines; alternative sanctions and dispositions for drugrelated crimes; and respect for the human rights of prisoners who are drug-dependent or in custody for drugrelated crimes.
Proces „Po letu 2008“ (Beyond 2008) je temeljil na devetih regionalnih posvetovanjih, ki so se končala s forumom, organiziranim julija 2008 na Dunaju. V končni deklaraciji in treh resolucijah, ki jih je sprejel forum, so poudarjene številne dejavnosti nevladnih organizacij in njihova vse večja vloga pri politiki na področju drog (5).
evaluator will conduct a final assessment of the current drug action plan and strategy in 2012, and this will be followed by a period of reflection in order to prepare the next EU drug policy documents.
Nevladne organizacije so vlade in mednarodne organizacije pozvale, naj se z njimi redno posvetujejo in jim namenijo več podpore.
National drug strategies and action plans
Civilna družba in oblikovanje politik na področju drog
Civil society and drug policymaking
Nacionalne strategije za boj proti drogam in akcijski načrti
Drug strategies and action plans are now essential instruments of national drug policies in Europe.
Strategije za boj proti drogam in akcijski načrti so novi bistveni instrumenti nacionalnih politik na področju drog v Evropi.
All but one of the 30 countries monitored by the EMCDDA have adopted such documents, which they renew periodically.
Le ena od 30 držav, ki jih spremlja Center, ni sprejela teh dokumentov, ki se redno posodabljajo.
The involvement of nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) in the preparatory discussions for the new EU and UN drug policy documents represents an important step in the engagement of civil society in this field of policy.
Vključevanje nevladnih organizacij v pripravljalne razprave za nove dokumente EU in ZN o politiki na področju drog je pomemben korak k vključitvi civilne družbe na to področje politike.
In May 2008, the European Commission’s Civil Society Forum on Drugs debated the first results of the evaluation of the EU drug action plan (2005–08) and discussed the needs and possible contents of the following action plan (European Commission, 2008a).
Forum civilne družbe o drogah Evropske komisije je maja 2008 razpravljal o prvih rezultatih ocene akcijskega načrta EU za boj proti drogam (2005–2008) in potrebah naslednjega akcijskega načrta (Evropska komisija, 2008a) ter njegovi morebitni vsebini.
The forum’s 26 NGOs suggested that the principles of public health and human rights should be at the heart of EU drug policy, and non-stigmatisation and non-discrimination should be emphasised.
Šestindvajset nevladnih organizacij tega foruma je menilo, da je treba v središče politike EU na področju drog postaviti načela javnega zdravstva in človekove pravice in dati večji poudarek nestigmatizaciji in nediskriminaciji.
They also called for more attention to be given to vulnerable groups, polydrug use, mental health issues, the situation in prisons and the prevention of drugrelated deaths.
Poleg tega je treba nameniti več pozornosti ranljivim skupinam, hkratnemu uživanju več drog, vprašanjem duševnega zdravja, stanju v zaporih in preprečevanju z drogo povezanih smrtnih primerov.
Among the priorities for action identified by the forum are enhanced coordination between governments and civil society, development of quality standards in drug demand reduction, improved data collection mechanisms and support for alternative development in third countries.
Med prednostnimi nalogami za ukrepanje, ki jih je določil forum, so okrepljeno usklajevanje med vladami in civilno družbo, razvoj standardov kakovosti pri zmanjševanju povpraševanja po drogah, izboljšani mehanizmi zbiranja podatkov in podpora alternativnemu razvoju v tretjih državah.
The Netherlands also plan to replace their 1995 white paper on drug policy in 2009, while several countries will see at least one of their policy documents coming to the end of its term during this year (Czech Republic, Luxembourg, Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, Turkey).
Prispevek nevladnih organizacij k napredku, doseženemu pri izpolnjevanju ciljev, zastavljenih na izrednem zasedanju Ungass leta 1998, je proučil dunajski Odbor nevladnih organizacij za droge (NGO Committee on
Around two thirds of European countries report that they produce an ongoing or annual review of the implementation of the actions set out in their national drug
Leta 2008 so nove dokumente o politiki na področju drog (6) sprejele Grčija, Francija in Združeno kraljestvo.
The contribution of NGOs to the progress made in achieving the goals set at the 1998 UNGASS was reviewed by the Vienna NGO Committee on Narcotic Drugs, with financial support from the European Commission and several EU Member States.
Grčija je sprejela akcijski načrt (2008–2012) za dopolnitev svoje obstoječe strategije za boj proti drogam.
The ‘Beyond 2008’ process was based on nine regional consultations culminating in a forum held in July 2008 in Vienna.
Med cilji novega načrta je izboljšana ponudba zdravljenja odvisnosti od drog.
The final declaration and three resolutions adopted by the forum highlighted the many activities of NGOs and their increasing role in drug policy (5).
Novi francoski akcijski načrt (2008–2011) zajema prepovedane droge, alkohol in tobak.
The NGOs called on governments and international organisations to consult them regularly and give them increased support.
Ključna prednostna naloga načrta je mlade odvračati od začetka uživanja drog s ponovno potrditvijo prepovedi uživanja drog ter obveščanjem mladih in njihovih staršev o tveganjih, povezanih z uživanjem drog.
Among the many and varied calls made upon Member States and international organisations, several themes can be identified, including: a comprehensive and balanced drug policy based on human rights, public health and scientific evidence; increased monitoring and evaluation capacities; development and diffusion of best practices
Cilj nove strategije za boj proti drogam (2008–2018) in njenega akcijskega načrta (2008–2011), ki ju je sprejelo Združeno kraljestvo, je omejiti ponudbo prepovedanih drog in zmanjšati povpraševanje po njih, pri čemer je treba posebno pozornost nameniti zaščiti družin in krepitvi skupnosti.
See ‘EU drugs action plan (2009–12): new features’ p.
Glej „Akcijski načrt EU za boj proti drogam (2009–2012): novosti“, str.
19. http://www.vngoc.org/details.php?id_cat=8 & id_cnt=56The term ‘national drugpolicy document’ means any official document approved by a government that defines general principles and specific interventions or objectives in the field of drugs, where officially represented as a drug strategy, action plan, programme or other policy document.
19. http://www.vngoc.org/details.php?id_cat=8 & id_cnt=56Izraz „nacionalni dokument o politiki na področju drog“ pomeni kateri koli uradni dokument, ki ga odobri vlada ter opredeljuje splošna načela in posebne ukrepe ali cilje na področju drog, uradno pa je predstavljen kot strategija boja proti drogam, akcijski načrt, program ali drug dokument o politiki.
Chapter 1: Policies and laws drug policy is difficult, as it involves bringing together figures for activities carried out at different levels of government (e.g. local, regional, national), which may be funded under various budget headings, and are often not specifically identified as related to drugs.
Poglavje 1: Politike in zakoni pogostejši, saj nov akcijski načrt EU za boj proti drogam (2009–2012) poziva k pripravi instrumentov za merjenje učinkovitosti in vpliva politik na področju drog. Center razvija tudi smernice, ki bodo državam članicam pomagale pri ocenjevanju in razlagi rezultatov njihove politike na področju drog.
policy documents.
Javni izdatki
In most cases, a progress report based on data collected from service providers and ministries involved in drug policy is submitted to the government or parliament.
Leta 2008 se je iztekla veljavnost nacionalnih dokumentov o politiki na področju drog desetih drugih držav članic EU.
Most countries have thereby already started to implement Action 70 of the EU drugs action plan (2009–12), which calls upon EU Member States to evaluate and fine-tune their national drug policies on a regular or ongoing basis.
Španija je sprejela novo strategijo za boj proti drogam februarja 2009, osem drugih držav (Bolgarija, Irska, Italija, Litva, Ciper, Portugalska, Romunija, Slovaška) pa se je v prvi polovici leta 2009 še ukvarjalo z dokončno obliko novih strategij za boj proti drogam in akcijskih načrtov in njihovim sprejemanjem; Latvija je podaljšala svoj program za obdobje 2005–2008 z enoletnim akcijskim načrtom.
The total drugrelated public expenditure in Europe has been estimated at EUR 34 billion for 2005 (EMCDDA, 2008a). Due to high levels of under-reporting it is not possible to update this estimate.
Tudi Nizozemska namerava leta 2009 nadomestiti svojo belo knjigo o politiki boja proti drogam iz leta 1995, leta 2009 pa se bo v več državah iztekla veljavnost vsaj enega dokumenta o politikah (na Češkem, v Luksemburgu, na Madžarskem, v Sloveniji, na Hrvaškem in v Turčiji).
The difficulties in information collection in this area are illustrated by the fact that among the 23 countries reporting data for 2007, only the Czech Republic was able to give a breakdown of expenditure across all levels of government.
Oblikovalci politik potrebujejo podrobne in zanesljive informacije o javnih izdatkih za boj proti drogam za oceno dejanskega dodeljevanja virov na tem področju in končno tudi razmerja med stroški in koristmi politike na področju drog.
Most countries could provide data on central government expenditure, and seven also reported expenditure by regional or local government (Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Austria, Finland, Croatia) or from social security funds (Germany).
Gospodarska ocena virov, ki jih država uporabi za odziv na uporabo prepovedanih drog, je zato bistven korak k razumevanju širšega vpliva uporabe drog.
In some cases, the final report is a summary of annual implementation reviews; in others, there is an attempt to get a deeper understanding of the implementation process, of the effectiveness or of the impact of the policy.
Ocene javnih izdatkov temeljijo na vladnih proračunih in računovodskih dokumentih.