natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Conservation of biodiversity is often misinterpreted as a marginal issue concerning merely the protection of endangered species, and the crucial role of nature for combating climate change is often overlooked.
Naslednjih nekaj let bo mogoče odločilnih. Celostni ukrepi glede izgube biotske raznovrstnosti in podnebnih sprememb bodo povečali možnosti za trajnostni razvoj, vključili ljudi in razdelili odgovornost za prihodnost, zgrajeno na enakopravnosti, varnosti, razvoju in blaginji človeštva.
Healthy resilient ecosystems have a greater potential to mitigate and adapt to climate change and therefore to limit global warming.
V okviru projekta MACIS (Zmanjševanje in prilagajanje na vplive podnebnih sprememb na biotsko raznovrstnost) se niso ocenjevali samo vplivi podnebnih sprememb, temveč tudi ukrepi za prilagoditev in omilitev v različnih sektorjih in njihov vpliv na biotsko raznovrstnost.
The EU’s Natura 2000 conservation network now covers almost one-fifth of total EU territory and comprises more than 25 000 sites.The marine network is due to be completed soon.
V Beli knjigi o prilagajanju podnebnim spremembam: Evropskemu okviru za ukrepanje naproti, se pripisuje bistvena vloga odpornosti ekosistemov in izkoriščanju pozitivnih učinkov. Evropska komisija je tudi pozvala, da je treba „izgubljanje svetovnih gozdov prepoloviti do leta 2020 in zaustaviti najpozneje do leta 2030“.
The range of ecosystem services provided by Natura 2000 and other relevant national and regional protected areas and networks is often not recognised, but they meet a variety of human needs (e.g. clean water, air, recreation, flood protection).
Začasna strokovna delovna skupina EU za biotsko raznovrstnost in podnebne spremembe: http://circa.europa.eu/Public/irc/env/biodiversity_climate/home
They form a central pillar in maintaining the critical mass and variety of services necessary to cope with changing conditions.
Svetovna banka, oddelek za okolje: Primerne rešitve za neprimerno resnico: ekosistemski pristopi k podnebnim spremembam, 2009: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/ENVIRONMENT/Resources/ESW_EcosystemBasedApp.pdf
“Healthy ecosystems are essential in any strategy for climate change adaptation.
Bela knjiga o prilagajanju podnebnim spremembam: Evropskemu okviru za ukrepanje naproti: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/climat/adaptation/index_en.htm
“Currently the world’s ecosystems, instead of maintaining and enhancing nature’s carbon capture and storage capacity, are being depleted at an alarming rate.”Achim Steiner – UNEP Executive Director as se n V a nk r © F
© Evropska unija, 2010Ponatis je dovoljen samo skupaj z navedbo vira.
Did you know?
Vse več suš
o p ho to ck
, ki jih ustvari
Deforestation activities release approximately emissions
Kopenski ekosistemi shranijo približno 2100 Gt ogljika
20% of global CO2
Večja požarna ogroženost
In addition to providing habitats for animal and plant species, trees purify the air that we breathe by removing nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide and ozone, and they store or absorb carbon in their wood.
Poleg tega polnaravni in umetni ekosistemi, kamor sodijo tudi tisti, ki so namenjeni za kmetijstvo, ponujajo veliko priložnosti za dejavno skladiščenje ogljika in zmanjševanje emisij.
The greening of cities contributes to climate change adaptation and mitigation by cooling the surrounding area and providing homes for wildlife, as well as ecosystem services.
Tako na primer obalni ekosistemi, kot so močvirja, šotnat svet, mangrove, koralni grebeni, školjčne sipine in obalne sipine poleg drugih storitev zagotavljajo naravno zaščito obalnega pasu pred neurji in poplavami.
It also boosts property values and adds to the quality of life by filtering the air, reducing noise and creating places of beauty where people can live or spend leisure time.
Podnebne spremembe vplivajo na biotsko raznovrstnost in ekosisteme ter pogosto še zaostrujejo druge pritiske, kot so onesnaženje, preveliko izkoriščanje, invazivne vrste ter drobljenje, propadanje in izgubljanje habitatov.
Loss of or damage to ecosystems reduces their capacity to capture and store carbon.
Tako na primer obnovljen obalni pas, kjer je dno prekrito z morsko travo, ali mangrove zagotavljajo zaščito pred neurji in gojišča za ribe.
The climate system has tipping points, where feedbacks from ecosystems become unpredictable and ecosystems lose resilience, so that
Na leto izgine približno 13 milijonov hektarov deževnega gozda. Ocenjuje se, da se samo zaradi izsekavanja v ozračje izpusti od 0,8 do 2,2 Gt ogljika na leto, kar znaša približno 20% %
Like sponges, forests soak up water, store it, and release it gradually, limiting floods when it rains and storing water for dry periods.
Ekosistemi so že zdaj naravni zbiralniki ogljika, ki ne zahtevajo velikih stroškov. Razvoj in uporaba novih tehnologij sta pomembna.
Nature and biodiversity
Začasna strokovna delovna skupina EU za biotsko raznovrstnost in podnebne spremembe: http://circa.europa.eu/Public/irc/env/biodiversity_climate/home
Terrestrial and marine ecosystems play an important role in regulating climate. They currently absorb roughly half of manmade carbon emissions.
Svetovna banka, oddelek za okolje: Primerne rešitve za neprimerno resnico: ekosistemski pristopi k podnebnim spremembam, 2009: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/ENVIRONMENT/Resources/ESW_EcosystemBasedApp.pdf
Biodiversity and ecosystem services help us to adapt to and mitigate climate change. They are therefore a crucial part of our effort to combat climate change.
Poročilo EEA št. 4/2008: Vplivi spreminjajočega se evropskega podnebja – na kazalnikih temelječa ocena iz leta 2008: www.eea.europa.eu/publications/eea_report_2008_4
The continuing loss of biodiversity and degradation of ecosystems weakens their ability to provide essential services to the extent that we risk reaching irreversible ‘tipping points’.
Evropska politika podnebnih sprememb: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/climat/home_en.htm
By conserving nature and restoring ecosystems we reduce vulnerability and increase resilience.
Bela knjiga o prilagajanju podnebnim spremembam: Evropskemu okviru za ukrepanje naproti: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/climat/adaptation/index_en.htm
Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union
Europe Direct je služba, ki vam pomaga odgovoriti na vprašanja o Evropski uniji na novi brezplačni telefonski številki:
A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet.
Dodatne informacije o Evropski uniji so na voljo na internetu.
It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://ec.europa.eu).
Dostopne so na strežniku Evropa (http://ec.europa.eu).
Further information on Natura 2000 is available from http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/index_en.htm
Nadaljnje informacije o Naturi 2000 so na voljo na spletni strani http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/index_en.htm.
Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication.
Viri so navedeni na koncu te publikacije.
Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2009
Luksemburg: Urad za uradne publikacije Evropskih skupnosti, 2009
What are we doing about it? – Europe’s response
Kako lahko ukrepamo? – Odziv Evrope
Photographer’s credits
Podatki o fotograjah
Europe’s nature –a rich natural heritage
Evropska narava –bogata naravna dediščina
Dierences in climate, topography and geology account for much of this biodiversity.
K tej biološki raznovrstnosti veliko pripomorejo razlike v podnebju, topografiji in geologiji.
From the Arctic Circle to the warm Mediterranean coastline, from the peaks of the Alps to the vast open plains of central Europe, the range of natural conditions on our small continent is impressive.
Od polarnega kroga do tople sredozemske obale, od vrhov Alp do širnih ravnin srednje Evrope – naravna raznolikost na naši majhni celini je resnično občudovanja vredna.
Our long association with the land has been equally important in shaping our countryside.
Naša dolga vezanost na zemljo je bila pomembna tudi za oblikovanje pokrajine.
For centuries people have developed dierent ways of working the land, which has given rise to many so called‘semi-natural’ habitats, rich in wildlife (hay meadows, wooded pastures, open heaths) yet entirely dependent upon continued human use for their survival.
Ljudje so skozi stoletja razvijali različne načine obdelovanja zemlje, zaradi česar so nastali mnogi tako imenovani„polnaravni“ habitati, ki so bogati s prostoživečimi živalmi (ekstenzivno gojeni travniki, gozdnati pašniki, odprte resave), njihova ohranitev pa je v celoti odvisna od nadaljnje človeške uporabe.
Europe’s rich mixture of nationalities, cultures, languages and identities is also strongly reected everywhere in our landscape.
Tudi bogata mešanica evropskih narodnosti, kultur, jezikov in identitet se močno odraža v celotni krajini.
Few places in the world have such a varied, contrasting and localised patchwork of habitats, wildlife and cultural landscapes so tightly interwoven in so small an area – it is this that makes Europe’s nature so unique.
Na svetu je malo krajev, kjer lahko na tako majhnem območju srečamo toliko različnih, nasprotujočih in tesno prepletenih lokalnih habitatov, naravnih rezervatov in kulturnih krajin. Prav zaradi tega je evropska narava tako zelo edinstvena.
This is our natural heritage.
To je naša naravna dediščina.
EUROPE’S NATURE FOR YOU
EVROPSKA NARAVA ZA VAS
By protecting our natural heritage we can ensure that the rich diversity of plants, animals and habitats in Europe is maintained for generations to come.
Z varovanjem naše naravne dediščine lahko zagotovimo, da se bogata raznovrstnost rastlin, živali in habitatov v Evropi ohrani za naslednje generacije.
Whether we live in cities or in the countryside, most of us go in search of nature at one time or another to admire its beautiful scenery, to walk, swim, fish, relax, explore or simply enjoy the fresh air and listen to the bird song.
Ne glede na to, ali živimo v mestu ali na podeželju, nas gre večina občasno v naravo, kjer občudujemo lepo pokrajino, se sprehajamo, plavamo, lovimo ribe, se sprostimo, raziskujemo ali preprosto uživamo svež zrak in poslušamo ptičje petje.
This has signicant benets for our health and wellbeing.
To zelo ugodno vpliva na naše zdravje in dobro počutje.
DO WE VALUE OUR NATURE ENOUGH?Monet’s painting of poppy fields is estimated at €5–50 million,the real thing costs €5,000/ha
ALI DOVOLJ CENIMO NAŠO NARAVO?Monetova slika makovega polja je ocenjena na 5–50 milijonov EUR, pravo polje pa stane 5 000 EUR/ha.
But nature has much more than an intrinsic or scenic value, it also provides us with a wide range of benets such as food, fibres, clean water healthy soil.
Vendar pa vloga narave ni le v lepi pokrajini, nudi nam tudi raznovrstne koristi kot so hrana, vlaknine, čista voda, zdrava zemlja in še mnogo več.
Wetlands, for instance, provide a natural defence against floods, acting like sponges soaking up the excess water.
Močvirja, na primer, nudijo naravno obrambo pred poplavami, saj kot gobe vpijejo odvečno vodo.
Reedbeds help purify polluted waters by absorbing toxic substances, bees pollinate our crops and peatlands act as natural sinks for carbon dioxide, the number one cause of global warming.
Zemljišča, porasla s trstjem, pomagajo prečistiti umazano vodo, saj vsrkajo strupene snovi, čebele oprašujejo kmetijske pridelke, šotna barja pa naravno vežejo ogljikov dioksid, ki je glavni vzrok za globalno segrevanje.
Above all, nature provides a vital source of income forcountless people across Europe who harvest its naturalresources in a sustainable manner.
V prvi vrsti pa narava zagotavlja ključni vir dohodka za številne ljudi v Evropi, ki trajnostno izkoriščajo njene naravne vire.
Low intensity farming,for instance, is practiced over large areas of Europe,providing a livelihood for millions of people.
Manj intenzivno kmetovanje se na primer izvaja na širših območjih Evrope in predstavlja vir za preživetje milijonom ljudi.
A recent survey of the economic value of three National Parks inWales concluded that the Parks supported nearly 12,000 jobs and produced a total income of ca €250 million a year.
Nedavna raziskava ekonomske vrednosti treh nacionalnih parkov v Walesu je pokazala, da ti parki nudijo skoraj 12 000 delovnih mest, njihov prihodek pa znaša približno 250 milijonov EUR.
Europe’s nature is under increasing threat.
Evropska narava je vedno bolj ogrožena.
Populations of species are declining at an alarming rate and many valuable natural and semi-natural habitats are rapidly disappearing.
Populacije vrst se zmanjšujejo z zastrašujočo hitrostjo, številni dragoceni naravni in polnaravni habitati hitro izginjajo.
Today, almost half of Europe’s mammals and a third of our reptile, sh and bird species are endangered.
Danes sta ogroženi skoraj polovica evropskih sesalcev in tretjina vrst plazilcev, rib in ptic.
This dramatic decline is primarily due to the loss and fragmentation of the habitats upon which the species depend.
To bistveno zmanjšanje je predvsem posledica uničenja in razdrobljenosti habitatov, od katerih so te vrste odvisne.
Many of these habitats are shrinking in the wake of more intensive land uses, major infrastructures, such as roads, and the steady spread of urban areas.
Mnogo habitatov se krči zaradi intenzivnejše rabe zemljišča, velikih infrastrukturnih projektov, kot so ceste in postopne širitve urbanih območij.
In only a few decades half of Europe’s valuable wetlands have been drained for land reclamation and almost threequarters of the dunes in France, Italy and Spain have disappeared under the relentless pressure of mass tourism.
V le nekaj desetletjih je bila zaradi pridobivanja zemljišč izsušena polovica dragocenih evropskih močvirij ter skoraj tri četrtine sipin v Franciji, Italiji in Španiji je izginilo zaradi neusmiljenega pritiska množičnega turizma.
THE PRESTIGE DISASTERWhen the Prestige tanker sank o the coast of northern Spain in November 2002, it released 64,000 tons of oil, killing some 300,000 sea birds (mainly common guillemots, Atlantic puns and razorbills).
NESREČATANKERJA PRESTIGEKo je tanker Prestige novembra 2002 potonil pred severno špansko obalo, je iz njega izteklo 64 000 ton nafte, zaradi katere je poginilo približno 300 000 morskih ptic (predvsem tenkokljunih lumn, mormonov in malih njork).
Damage to fishing, tourism and the natural heritage along 3,000 km of coastline polluted by the spill has cost approximately €5 billion.
Škoda za ribolov, turizem in naravno dediščino vzdolž 3 000 km obale, ki je bila onesnažena zaradi razlitja, je bila približno 5 milijard EUR.
Around 30,000 people in the fishery and shellsh sectors have been directly aected. Several local fishermen’s organisations have reported an 80% drop of their normal catch.
Neposredno je bilo prizadetih okoli 30 000 ljudi v ribiškem sektorju in sektorju gojenja lupinarjev.Več lokalnih organizacij ribičev je poročalo o zmanjšanju ulova za 80 %.
More recently, climate change has become a major concern both for humans and for biodiversity, as has the continued spread of invasive species which displace our native plants and animals.
V zadnjem času vse večjo skrb za ljudi in biološko raznovrstnost predstavljajo podnebne spremembe, kakor tudi vztrajna širitev invazivnih vrst, ki premeščajo naše avtohtone rastline in živali.
Other threats to nature include pollution, unsustainable exploitation of natural resources, and land abandonment.
Drugo ogrožanje narave predstavljajo onesnaževanje, netrajnostno izkoriščanje naravnih virov, in opuščanje zemljišč.
It is not just the rare species, such as bears, butteries and endemic plants, that are threatened.
Ogrožene niso le redke vrste, kot so medvedi, metulji in endemične rastline.
Populations of the common house sparrow have fallen dramatically in the last 20 years due to the loss of their habitats.
Zaradi izgube habitatov so se v zadnjih 20 letih bistveno zmanjšale populacije domačih vrabcev.
Most of Europe’s heaths have also disappeared.
Izginila je tudi večina evropskih resav.
Consequently, many of the species that depend on these habitats for their survival, such as the sand lizard and the Dartford warbler, are also on the decline.
Posledica tega je zmanjševanje števila mnogih vrst, katerih preživetje je odvisno od teh habitatov, kot sta na primer martinček in palčja penica.
What are we doing about it?– Europe’s response
Kako lahko ukrepamo? – odziv Evrope
In the face of this alarming decline, people all over Europe have expressed increasing concern over the loss of their natural heritage and of the biodiversity upon which we all depend for our health and prosperity.
Ob tem zastrašujočem zmanjšanju števila vrst so ljudje po vsej Evropi izrazili veliko zaskrbljenost zaradi propadanja naravne dediščine in biotske raznovrstnosti, od katere je odvisno naše zdravje in blaginja ter pozvali k ukrepom, ki bi rešili ta problem.
Governments of the EU Member States have responded accordingly and, in 2001, committed themselves, at the European Summit in Gothenburg, to stop the loss of biodiversity in Europe by the year 2010.
Na to so se odzvale vlade držav članic EU in se na zasedanju Evropskega sveta v Göteborgu leta 2001 zavezale, da zaustavijo zmanjševanje biotske raznovrstnosti v Evropi do leta 2010.
As nature does not recognise national boundaries, such an ambitious target is best achieved by coordinating eorts and pooling resources.
Ker narava ne pozna državnih meja, je tak visoko zastavljen cilj najlaže doseči z usklajenim prizadevanjem in združitvijo virov.
Rivers, such as the Danube, flow through many countries – if one of them damages part of the river, all may be aected.
Reke, kot je Donava, tečejo skozi mnogo držav – škoda na enem delu reke lahko prizadene vse države.
Migratory birds travel the length and breadth of Europe in search of resting, feeding and breeding grounds.
Ptice selivke preletijo vso Evropo, da najdejo prostor za počitek, hranjenje in razmnoževanje.
If their habitats are only protected in one part of Europe and not in another, the species’chances of survival are inevitably poor.
Če so njihovi habitati zaščiteni le v enem delu Evrope, v drugem pa ne, so možnosti preživetja za posamezne vrste zagotovo manjše.
European legislation sets the standard for nature conservation across the European Union and enables all 27 Member States to work together within the same strong legislative framework in order to protect our most vulnerable species and habitat types.
Evropska zakonodaja določa merila za ohranjanje narave v celotni Evropski uniji in vsem 25 državam članicam omogoča sodelovanje znotraj istega trdnega pravnega okvira, da lahko zavarujejo naše najbolj ranljive vrste in habitatne tipe.
The common crane migrates across Europe from its winter feeding grounds in the south to its summer breeding grounds in the north.
Žerjav se seli po Evropi iz pokrajin na jugu, kjer se pozimi prehranjuje, v pokrajine na severu, kjer se poleti razmnožuje.
Thanks to European legislation, sites have been protected all along its migration route and populations in the EU are increasing as a result.
Na podlagi evropske zakonodaje so območja na njegovi celotni selitveni poti zaščitena. Rezultat je naraščanje populacij v EU.
EU Natura 2000 sites designated for the common crane, status Oct. 08
EU Natura 2000 območja določena za navadnega žerjava, stanje okt.2008
The ‘Habitats’ and ‘Birds’Directives
Direktiva o habitatih in Direktiva o pticah
The cornerstones of Europe’s legislation on natureconservation are the Birds and Habitats Directives.
Temelj evropske zakonodaje o ohranjanju narave sta Direktiva o habitatih in Direktiva o pticah.
➧ The Birds Directive was adopted in 1979 and aims to protect all wild birds and their most important habitats across the EU.
Direktiva o pticah je bila sprejeta leta 1979. Njen cilj je zaščiti vse prostoživeče ptice in njihove najpomembnejše habitate v EU.
The Directive puts an end to certain practices such as the keeping and sale of native wild birds, or indiscriminate methods of killing and introduces a legal mechanism for regulating other activities, such as hunting, to ensure that they are sustainable.
Direktiva odpravlja nekatere prakse, kot so posedovanje in prodaja domorodnih prostoživečih ptic ali načine ubijanja brez razlikovanja, ter uvaja pravni mehanizem za urejanje drugih dejavnosti, kot je na primer lov, da zagotavlja njihovo trajnost.
The Directive also requires all 27 Member States to protect the most important sites for all migratory birds and over 190 particularly threatened species, paying special attention to wetlands of international importance.
Direktiva tudi zahteva, da vseh 27 držav članic zaščiti najpomembnejša območja za vse ptice selivke in več kot 190 posebno ogroženih vrst, pri čemer morajo posebno pozornost namenjati močvirjem mednarodnega pomena.
➧ In 1992, the EU adopted the Habitats Directive.
EU je leta 1992 sprejela Direktivo o habitatih.
This introduces similar measures to the Birds Directive to protect Europe’s wildlife but extends its coverage to a much wider range of rare, threatened or endemic species, including over one thousand animals and plants.
Ta direktiva uvaja podobna merila za zaščito evropskih prostoživečih živali in rastlin kot Direktiva o pticah, vendar svoj obseg zaščite razširja na veliko več redkih, ogroženih ali endemičnih vrst, saj vključuje vec kot tisoč živali in rastlin.
Some 230 rare and characteristic habitat types are also, for the first time, targeted for conservation in their own right.
S to direktivo je tudi ohranjanje približno 230 redkih in značilnih habitatnih tipov prvič pravno zaščiteno.
IBERIAN LYNX (Lynx pardinus)With a population of around 100–150 individuals, the Iberian lynx is now one of the most endangered species in the world.
JUŽNOEVROPSKI RIS (Lynx pardinus)S populacijo okoli 100–150 posameznih živali je južnoevropski ris trenutno ena izmed najbolj ogroženih vrst na svetu.
Agricultural intensication and infrastructure developments (such as new roads) have fragmented its habitat to such an extent that it is now conned to a few isolated pockets in the south west of Spain and Portugal.
Kmetijska intenzivnost in razvoj infrastrukture (na primer nove ceste) sta razdrobila njegov habitat, tako da je zdaj omejen le na nekaj izoliranih območij na jugozahodu Španije in Portugalske.
Illegal hunting, trapping and road kills add to its troubles as does the lack of its main food source, the rabbit, which was almost wiped out by the disease, Myxomatosis.
Dodatno ga ogrožajo še nezakonit lov, lov s pastmi in nevarnosti na cestah ter pomanjkanje zajcev kot njegovega glavnega vira prehrane, ki so bili skoraj iztrebljeni zaradi bolezni miksomatoze.
If the Iberian lynx does not recover it could be the first cat species to go extinct since the sabre-toothed tiger 10,000 years ago.
Če si južnoevropski ris ne bo opomogel, bo lahko postal prva vrsta mačk, ki bo izumrla po sabljezobem tigru pred 10 000 leti.
These Directives represent the most ambitious and largescale initiative ever undertaken to conserve our natural heritage across the European Union.
Direktivi sta do zdaj najbolj visoko zastavljeni in obsežni pobudi za ohranitev naravne dediščine v vsej Evropski uniji.
The range of habitat types to be conserved under the Habitats Directive is very diverse – it varies from natural forests in Scandinavia, to limestone pavements along the Atlantic sea board and speciesrich meadows high up in the Alps.
Habitatni tipi, ki jih je treba ohraniti na podlagi Direktive o habitatih, so zelo raznoliki – vključujejo naravne gozdove v Skandinaviji, apnenčaste pode vzdolž atlantske obale in vrstno bogate travnike visoko v Alpah.
Threatened species such as the eagle owl, the large copper buttery and the eastern pasqueower are also now protected.
Ogrožene vrste, kot so uharica, močvirski cekinček in velikonočnica, so prav tako zaščitene.
The Natura 2000 Network– a European network of sites
Omrežje Natura 2000 –evropsko omrežje območij
At the heart of both Nature Directives lies the creation of a Europe-wide ecological network of nature conservation areas – called the Natura 2000 Network.
Najpomembnejši element obeh direktiv je vzpostavitev vseevropskega ekološkega omrežja varstvenih naravnih območij, imenovanega omrežje Natura 2000.