natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Many municipalities also strive to involve qualified persons with an immigrant background in existing, theme-centred advisory boards and participatory planning processes.
Veliko občin si prizadeva vključiti kvalificirane osebe s priseljenskimi koreninami v obstoječe svetovalne odbore, ki se ukvarjajo z določenimi temami, in v postopke sodelo-valnega načrtovanja.
Consultation is particularly worthwhile where it goes beyond a two-way conversation between immigrants and the city administration.
Posvetovanje je posebej koristno, kadar gre za več kot samo dvostran-ski pogovor med imigranti in mestno upravo.
Local trade unionists, sports coaches, coordinators of cultural centres and community leaders are involved in the integration process along with each (immigrant and non-immigrant) resident of the community.
Skupaj z vsemi prebivalci skupnosti (priseljenci ali ne) sodelujejo pri postopku vključevanja tudi lokalni sindikalisti, športni trenerji, koor-dinatorji v kulturnih centrih in vodje skupnosti.
Personal interaction in networks and consultative structures is a valuable element of social integration at the local level.
Osebna interakcija v mrežah in posvetoval-nih strukturah je dragocen element socialnega vključevanja na lokalni ravni.
The Participatory Methods Toolkit developed in Belgium by the King Baudouin Foundation and the Flemish Institute for Science and Technology Assessment (viWTA) is a working tool that guides practitioners through the process of implementing participatory methods.
Priročnik o metodah za udeležbo (Participatory Methods Toolkit), ki sta jo v Belgiji razvila Fundacija kralja Baudouina in Flamski inštitut za vrednotenje znanosti in tehnologije (v i W - TA), je delovno orodje, ki strokovne delavce vodi skozi postopek izvajanja metod za udelež- bo. S
By using such methods, practitioners can promote the involvement of ‘the public’ in decisionmaking processes, bearing in mind that the relevant ‘public’ depends on the topic being addressed.
S takimi metodami lahko strokovni delavci spodbujajo vključenost„javnosti“ v postopek takimi metodami takimi metodami lahko lahko strokovni strokovni delavci delavci spodbujajo spodbujajo vključenost„javnosti“ vključenost„javnosti“ v v postopek postopek odločanja, pri čemer upoštevajo, da je ustrezna„javnost“ odvisna od obravnavane teme.
The Toolkit offers overviews of 40 different participatory methods, with in-depth descriptions of 13 techniques.
Priročnik ponuja pregled 40 različnih metod za udeležbo in podrobne opise 13 tehnik. Opisi
They range from small-scale dialogue settings to consultative exercises engaging thousands of people at a time.
Opisi vključujejo primere dialogov z manj osebami, pa tudi posvetovanja, pri katerih naenkrat sodeluje na tisoče ljudi. Nekaj
Some techniques are aimed primarily at citizens or stakeholders; others solicit input from experts in a particular field.
Nekaj tehnik je namenjeno predvsem državljanom ali zainteresira- tehnik tehnik je je namenjeno namenjeno predvsem predvsem državljanom državljanom ali ali za in te re si ra- za in te re si ra- nim stranem, pri drugih pa je potrebno sodelovanje strokovnjakov na določenem področju. Primeri metod so t. i.„21st CenturyTown Meeting“,„Citizens Jury“,„Consensus Conference“ in
Participatory Methods Toolkit: A practitioner’s manual, September 2005, available onwww.kbs-frb.be or www.viWTA.be
Priročnik „Participatory Methods Toolkit: A practitioner’s manual“, september 2005, na voljo na spletni strani: http://www.kbs-frb.be ali http://www.viWTA.be
Common Basic Principle Nr. 9 recognises that the participation of immigrants in the democratic process and in the formulation of integration policies and measures, especially at the local level, supports their integration.
Skupno osnovno načelo št. 9 ugotavlja, da udeležba priseljencev v demokratičnem procesu in pri oblikovanju politik in ukrepov za vključevanje, predvsem na lokalni ravni, pospešuje njihovo vključevanje.
Various forms of democratic participation of immigrants are discussed in Chapter 2 of the first edition of the Handbook on Integration.
O različnih oblikah demokratične udeležbe priseljencev razpravlja poglavje 2 prve izdaje Priročnika o vključevanju.
Sharing local experiences
Izmenjava lokalnih izkušenj
The exchange of experiences among local communities can serve as an inspiration regarding innovative projects or approaches.
Izmenjava izkušenj med lokalnimi skupnostmi je lahko navdih za inovativne projekte ali pristope.
In a more structured way, such horizontal exchanges can also give rise to common indicators or evaluation methods.
Na bolj strukturiran način se lahko s takimi horizontalnimi izmenjavami oblikujejo tudi skupni kazalniki ali metode vrednotenja.
Local communities could develop common quality standards on integration.
Lokalne skupnosti bi lahko razvile skupne standarde za kakovost vključevanja.
One way of identifying criteria for good integration policies, or ‘success factors’, is by carrying out competitions.
Eden od načinov opredeljevanja meril za dobre politike vključevanja ali„meril uspešnosti“ je organiziranje natečajev.
National or European competitions can be used as a framework to gather and make known initiatives that promote integration.
Nacionalni ali evropski nateča-ji se lahko uporabijo kot okvir za zbiranje in predstavljanje pobud, ki spodbujajo vključevanje.
The competition ‘Successful integration is no coincidence: strategies of local integration policy’, initiated by the German Ministry of Interior and the Bertelsmann Foundation, was driven by the following questions: ‘Where do our local communities stand today with regard to integration?
Izhodišče natečaja„Uspešno vključevanje ni naključje: strategije lokalne politike vključeva-nja“, ki sta ga pripravila nemško Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve in Bertelsmannova fundacija, so bila naslednja vprašanja:„Kakšen „Kakšen
What strategies have they pursued?
Kakšne strategije so preskusile?
Although the competition’s two-stage application process required a considerable amount of time and effort, several smaller communities were represented in the group of 23 finalists (of 107 contributions).
Čeprav je postopek prijave na natečaj v dveh stopnjah zahteval veliko časa in truda, je bilo v skupini 23 finalistov (od 107 prispevkov) kar nekaj manjših skupnosti. Žirija,
The jury, which was composed of 11 experts, personally visited 15 communities and finally awarded prizes to four local authorities of different sizes.
11 strokovnjakov, je osebno obiskala 15 skupnosti in na koncu podelila nagrade štirim organom lokalnih skupnosti različnih velikosti.
Ten recommendations for a successful local integration policy were developed on the basis of the competition and published together with an extensive documentation of the local communities’ experiences.
Na podlagi natečaja je bilo razvitih deset priporočil za uspešno lokalno politiko vključevanja, objavljena pa so bila skupaj s podrobno dokumentacijo o izkušnjah lokalnih skupnosti.
The 100-page documentation has been distributed to local authorities in Germany, and an English summary has also been produced.Although local communities are the primary addressees of the documentation and recommendations, the competition was also motivated by the aim of providing Federal government with insights about the practical experiences of communities.
Čeprav so dokumentacija in priporočila v glavnem namenjena lokalnim skupnostim, je bil cilj natečaja zagotoviti vpogled v praktične izkušnje skupnosti tudi zvezni vladi.
European exchanges take place in the context of different federal structures, degrees of centralisation and distribution of competences across national, regional and local levels.
Evropske izmenjave se opravljajo v okviru različnih zveznih struktur, stopenj centralizacije in razporeditve pristojnosti po nacionalnih, regionalnih in lokalnih ravneh.
At the same time, both horizontal exchanges and links with other levels of government have proven fruitful for the integration efforts of many local communities.
Hkrati so se hori-zontalne izmenjave in povezave z drugimi ravnmi vlade pokazale kot koristne za prizadevanja na področju vključevanja v več lokalnih skupnostih.
Several European networks have taken on integration as a key concern (see Chapter 2).
Več evropskih mrež je sprejelo vključevanje za ključni cilj (več o tem v poglavju 2).
Planning and evaluating integration policies
Načrtovanje in vrednotenje politik integracija
The translation of overall policy goals into concrete integration programmes and projects requires careful planning, of which the definition of clear objectives is an integral part.
Prenos splošnih političnih ciljev v konkretne programe in projekte na področju vključevanja zahteva natančno načrtovanje, katerega sestavni del je opredeljevanje jasnih ciljev.
Objectives should be SMART:
Cilji morajo biti:
Specific: Objectives should be precise and concrete enough not to be open to varying interpretations.Measurable: Objectives should define a desired future state in measurable terms, so that it is possible to verify whether the objective has been achieved or not.
Jasni: cilji cilji cilji morajo biti dovolj natančni in konkretni, da jih ni mogoče razlagati različno.
Such objectives are either quantified or based on a combination of description and scoring scales.Accepted: If objectives and target levels are to influence behaviour, they must be accepted, understood and interpreted similarly by all of those who are expected to take responsibility for achieving them.
Sprejeti: če če če naj bi cilji in ciljne ravni vplivali na vedenje, jih morajo vsi tisti, od katerih se pri- naj naj bi bi cilji cilji in in ciljne ciljne ravni ravni vplivali vplivali na na vedenje, vedenje, jih jih morajo morajo vsi vsi tisti, tisti, od od katerih katerih se se pri - pri - čakuje, da bodo sprejeli odgovornost za doseganje teh ciljev, sprejeti, razumeti in podobno razlagati.
Realistic: Objectives and target levels should be ambitious – setting an objective that only reflects the current level of achievement is not useful – but they should also be realistic so that those responsible see them as meaningful.Time-dependent: Objectives and target levels remain vague if they are not related to a fixed date or time period.
Časovno določeni: cilji cilji cilji in ciljne ravni ostanejo nejasni, če niso določeni s točnim datumom in in ciljne ciljne ravni ravni ostanejo ostanejo nejasni, nejasni, če če niso niso določeni določeni s s točnim točnim datumom datumom ali obdobjem.
European Commission, Impact Assessment Guidelines, SEC (2005) 791, June 2005
Evropska komisija, Smernice o presoji vplivov (Impact Assessment Guidelines), SEC(2005) 791, junij 2005
During the implementation of integration programmes, policy-makers and practitioners may at some stage ask themselves the following questions: how well did we succeed in achieving the objectives defined in the beginning?
Med izvajanjem programov vključevanja si lahko oblikovalci politik in strokovni delavci na določeni stopnji zastavijo naslednja vprašanja: Kako uspešni smo bili pri doseganju na začetku zastavljenih ciljev?
Did we in fact do what we set out to do?
Smo v resnici dosegli, kar smo si zastavili?
Who participated in the programme and why; who did not participate and why?
Kdo je sodeloval v programu in zakaj; kdo v programu ni sodeloval in zakaj ne?
For whom did the programme work (or not work)?
Pri kom je bil program uspešen (ali ni bil uspešen)?
What were the critical factors determining the outcome?
Kaj so bili ključni dejavniki, ki so vplivali na izid?
How were the risks managed and the opportunities used?
Kako so se obvladovala tveganja in izkoriščale priložnosti?
Were there differences between men and women, young and old?
So bile razlike med moškimi in ženskami, mladimi in starejšimi?
Did these groups receive special attention?
Je bila tem skupinam posvečena posebna pozornost?
Evaluations can be used to address some of these questions.
Na nekatera od teh vprašanj je mogoče odgovoriti z ocenami.
They can help in decisionmaking about objectives and priorities, and about the allocation of resources.
Ocene lahko pomagajo pri sprejemanju odločitev o ciljih, prednostnih nalogah in dodeljevanju virov.
They can also increase knowledge of needs and problems, identify unwanted outcomes, and explain why stated goals were not reached.
Lahko tudi prispevajo k poznavanju potreb in težav, pokažejo neželene rezultate in razložijo, zakaj zastavljeni cilji niso bili doseženi.
Evaluation techniques are commonly used to look at individual projects and at their success in accomplishing set objectives.
Metode vrednotenja se pogosto uporabljajo za preverjanje posameznih projektov in njihove uspešnosti pri doseganju zastavljenih ciljev.
However, only checking for effective implementation will not capture problems with the overall strategic direction, since ‘bad policy can be implemented well’ as much as ‘good policy can be implemented badly’.
Vendar pa samo preverjanje učinkovitosti uresničevanja ne zajame težav v zvezi s splošno strateško usmeritvijo, saj se lahko „slabe politike uresničujejo dobro“, prav tako kot se lahko„dobre politike uresničujejo slabo“.
It may therefore be useful to make policies themselves the subject of evaluations.
Zaradi tega je morda uporabno, da postanejo predmet vrednotenja politike same.
In this way, the assumptions underpinning funding programmes can be questioned before significant resources are invested.
Tako se lahko preverijo predpostavke, na katerih temeljijo programi financiranja, preden se vložijo precejšnja sredstva.
At the same time, experience shows that some of the parameters for integration policy are set by political realities.
Hkrati izkušnje kažejo, da nekatere parametre politik vključevanja določa politična stvarnost.
In such cases, it is important to make explicit the political goals linked with integration and to base programmes on a clear statement of purpose.
V takih primerih je pomembno, da se jasno navedejo politični cilji, povezani z vključevanjem, in da programi temeljijo na jasno izraženem namenu.
Some of the complexities surrounding the definition of targets for integration policies, and the choice of indicators for measuring progress, are discussed in Chapter 3 of the first edition of the Handbook on Integration.
Nekatere težave pri opredeljevanju ciljev politik vključevanja in izbira kazalnikov za merjenje napredka se obravnavajo v poglavju 3 prve izdaje Priročnika o vključevanju.
Evaluations look chiefly at the appropriateness and quality of integration policies themselves, for which good governance indicators can be developed, rather than attempting to measure the ‘degree of integration’ of individuals or immigrant groups, which remains a challenge.
Ocene v glavnem preverijo ustreznost in kakovost samih politik vključevanja, za katere je mogoče razviti kazalnike dobre uprave, namesto da bi bil njihov namen merjenje „stopnje vključenosti“ posameznikov ali skupin priseljencev, kar še naprej ostaja izziv.
It provides for an information system on the precise cost of specific public policies.
$ pirajo usmerjenost javne uprave k učinkovitosti. Zagotavlja
Every programme has a PAP (Projet annuel de performances) specifying the activities planned, their cost, the objectives of the programme as well as past and projected results according to specific indicators.
(Projet annuel annuel de de per for - per for - mances), v katerem so opredeljene načrtovane dejavnosti, njihovi stroški, cilji programa in pretekli ter pričakovani rezultati glede na posamezne kazalnike.
The PAP of the ‘reception of foreigners and integration’ programme is being presented to Parliament in 2006.
Dokument PAP programa„sprejemanje tujcev in vključevanje“ bo parlamentu predstavljen v letu 2006. Opredeljevanje
Identifying indicators has been difficult because PAPs look only at the specific programmes under review, whereas many factors play a role in shaping integration outcomes.
PAP osredotočijo osredotočijo samo na posamezne programe, ki se pregledujejo, za oblikovanje izidov vključevanja pa je pomembnih več dejavnikov. Izbrana
Two indicators have been chosen: (1) the percentage of signatories to the reception and integration contract who follow the civic training, and (2) the percentage of non-Francophone beneficiaries of public reception services who, at the end of their training, obtain a certificate of elementary French language proficiency.
(1) odstotek podpisnikov pogod- odstotek odstotek odstotek odstotek podpisnikov podpisnikov podpisnikov podpisnikov po g od - po g od - po g od - po g od - be o sprejemu in vključevanju, ki so vključeni v tečaje državljanske vzgoje, in (2) odstotek nefrankofonskih upravičencev do javnih storitev na področju sprejemanja, ki ob koncu usposabljanja dobijo potrdilo o osnovnem znanju francoskega jezika.
Evaluation ideally goes hand in hand with planning, or at least informs any major changes to programmes that are already in place.
Najbolje je, da je vrednotenje povezano z načrtovanjem ali da se vsaj upošteva pri vseh večjih spremembah programov, ki se že izvajajo.
Evaluations of pilot projects can also be used to shape and modify ongoing programmes.
Za oblikovanje in spreminjanje tekočih programov se lahko uporabljajo tudi ocene pilotnih projektov.
For instance, in Norway the evaluation of pilot integration courses in 26 municipalities was used to adjust the policy before its extension to the national level.
Na primer, na Norveškem so oceno pilotnih programov vključevanja v 26 občinah uporabili za prilagajanje politike pred razširitvijo na nacionalno raven.
The Swiss programme for promoting the social integration of foreigners provides an annual credit of approximately 9 million Euros to about 600 co-financed projects.
$ višini približno 9 milijonov eurov za približno 600 projektov, ki jih sofinancira.Osredotoča
It targets five priority areas: (1) language skills, (2) opening up institutions, (3) small local projects, (4) regional centres of competence, and (5) innovation and quality assurance.
(1) jezikovne spretnosti, (2) odpiranje ustanov, (3) majhne lokalne jezikovne jezikovne spretnosti, spretnosti, (2)
For the evaluation of the first programme phase (2001-2003), partial evaluations of the five priority areas were carried out as steps towards the final synthesis and summary report.
(3) majhne majhne lokalne lokalne projekte, (4) regionalne centre za usposabljanje ter (5) inovacije in zagotavljanje kakovosti.
The schedule of partial and final evaluation reports was designed so that interim results could already be used for developing the next programme phase (2004-2007).
Pri vrednotenju prve stopnje programa (2001–2003) so bile opravljene delne ocene petih prednostnih področij kot korak na poti h končni sintezi in zbirnemu poročilu. Razpored
Similarly, current evaluation activities will play a role in the definition of the next phase (from 2008).
Podobno bodo bodo bodo trenutne dejavnosti na področju vrednotenja vplivale na opredeljevanje naslednje stopnje (od leta 2008).
Both external evaluations and self-evaluations are used in the field of immigrant integration.
Na področju vključevanja priseljencev se uporablja tako zunanje vrednotenje kot samovre-dnotenje.
Self-evaluations can build the capacity of administrations and promote organisational learning and the identification of best practices.
Samovrednotenje lahko izboljša zmogljivosti uprav in spodbuja organizacijsko učenje in opredeljevanje najboljših praks.
On the other hand, external evaluations provide an outside view and can make an independent and credible assessment of policies’ actual impact.
Po drugi strani zunanje vrednotenje zagotavlja pogled od zunaj in lahko zagotovi neodvisno in verodostojno oceno dejanskega učinka politik.
Evaluations typically include a number of policy recommendations, which may be highly political given the public profile of immigrant integration.
Vrednotenja ponavadi vključujejo številna priporočila glede politik, ki so lahko zelo politična glede na javni profil vključevanja priseljencev.
They may also have significant financial implications.
Lahko imajo tudi bistvene finančne posledice.
Where external evaluations are used, the terms of reference should define the relationship between the commissioning body and the evaluator and clearly set out the scope of the task at hand.
Pri zunanjih vrednotenjih je treba v pravilniku opredeliti razmerje med naročnikom ocenjevanja in ocenjevalcem ter jasno določiti obseg dane naloge.
Competitive tender procedures often facilitate the establishment of such explicit ‘ground rules’.
Razpisni postopki pogosto omogočajo oblikovanje takih izrecnih„temeljnih pravil“.
The means employed should be proportionate to the aims and to the prospective function of the evaluation in the overall process of policymaking and implementation.
Uporabljena sredstva morajo biti sorazmerna s cilji in predvideno uporabo vrednotenja v celotnem postopku oblikovanja in uresničevanja politik.
Methodology and data collection should be adapted to the circumstances.
Metodologijo in zbiranje podatkov je treba prilagoditi okoliščinam.
For instance, control groups are desirable from a scientific point of view but are generally difficult to designate in the context of integration interventions.
Na primer, z znanstvenega vidika so kontrolne skupine zaželene, vendar pa jih je v okviru ukrepov na področju vključevanja težko določiti.
In situations where the target population fluctuates, evaluators should opt for continuous monitoring rather than for before-after tests, which are likely to suffer from a high degree of attrition.
Ko se ciljna populacija spreminja, se morajo ocenjevalci odločiti za stalno spremljanje namesto za teste pred ukrepom in po njem, ki bi bili zaradi teh sprememb najverjetneje zelo pomanjkljivi.
The definition of target groups is a key step in any evaluation.
Opredelitev ciljnih skupin je ključen korak pri kakršnem koli vrednotenju.
In the Swiss programme for promoting the social integration of foreigners, a useful distinction was made between direct target groups and ‘end users’.
Pri švicarskem programu za spodbujanje socialnega vključevanja tujcev se je upoštevalo pomembno razli-kovanje med neposrednimi ciljnimi skupinami in„končnimi uporabniki“.
For instance, an intercultural training programme targeted ‘key players’ such as janitors or sports coaches. The evaluation showed that these key players benefited from the training programmes but did not use their knowledge effectively enough in their interactions with ‘end users’, i.e. society more broadly.
Na primer, program medkulturnega usposabljanja se je osredotočil na „ključne osebe“, na primer na hišnike ali športne trenerje.Vrednotenje je pokazalo, da so imele te ključne osebe koristi od programov usposabljanja, vendar svojega znanja niso dovolj učinkovito uporabile pri interakciji s „konč-nimi uporabniki“, torej širšo družbo.
An analysis of ‘next steps’ should therefore be included in a complete assessment of the programme’s impact.
Zaradi tega je treba v celovito oceno učinka programa vključiti analizo„naslednjih korakov“.
Timing is an important consideration when choosing evaluation methods.
Čas je pomemben dejavnik pri izbiri metod vrednotenja.
For instance, quantitative evaluations can be especially valuable in the early implementation phases, while qualitative methods can yield helpful information on the impact of longer-running programmes.
Na primer, kvantitativno vrednotenje je lahko posebej dragoceno pri zgodnjih stopnjah izvajanja, s kvalitativnimi metodami pa se lahko pridobijo uporabne informacije o učinkih programov, ki se izvajajo dlje.
Ongoing data collection in the framework of performance management systems is increasingly becoming a part of public and private programmes in the integration field.
Tekoče zbiranje podatkov v okviru sistemov upravljanja učinkovitosti postaja vedno po-membnejši del javnih in zasebnih programov na področju vključevanja.
Often, the monitoring of outputs is a ‘built-in’ project activity required by the supervising or funding body.
Spremljanje rezultatov je pogosto„vgrajena“ projektna dejavnost, ki jo zahtevajo nadzorni organi ali organi, ki zagotavljajo sredstva.