natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
It is part of Europe’s response to conserving global biodiversity in line with international obligations under the Biodiversity Convention.
Je del odziva Evrope na ohranjanje svetovne biotske raznovrstnosti v skladu z mednarodnimi obveznostmi iz Konvencije o biološki raznovrstnosti.
It is also a major element in the implementation of the commitment made by Europe’s Heads of State and Government in 2001 to‘halt the loss of biodiversity by 2010’.
Poleg tega je glavni element izvajanja zaveze voditeljev držav ali vlad Evrope iz leta 2001, da bodo „do leta 2010 ustavili izgubo biotske raznovrstnosti“.
How this ambitious target will be achieved is spelt out in the EU’s Biodiversity Action Plan of June 2006.
Kako bo ta cilj dosežen, je predstavljeno v akcijskem načrtu EU za biotsko raznovrstnost iz junija 2006.
The scope of measures which can be financed under the Rural Development Regulation (RDR) has also been broadened.
Razširjen je bil tudi obseg ukrepov, ki se lahko financirajo v skladu z uredbo o razvoju podeželja.
One of its objectives is to help improve the environment and the countryside by supporting land management measures that are beneficial for Europe’s biodiversity and for the Natura 2000 Network in particular.
Eden od njenih ciljev je prispevati k izboljšanju okolja in podeželja s podpiranjem ukrepov za upravljanje zemljišč, ki so koristni za biotsko raznovrstnost Evrope in zlasti omrežje Natura 2000.
The aim of the Natura 2000 Network is to protect and manage vulnerable species and habitats across their natural range within Europe, irrespective of national or political boundaries.
Cilj omrežja Natura 2000 je varovati in upravljati ranljive vrste in habitate na njihovem naravnem območju razširjenosti v Evropi ne glede na nacionalne ali politične meje.
Natura 2000 is however not merely a system of strict nature reserves where all human activities are systematically excluded.
Vendar Natura 2000 ni le sistem strogih naravnih rezervatov, v katerih so vse človekove dejavnosti sistematično izključene.
It adopts a different approach – it recognises that man is an integral part of nature and the two work best in partnership with one another.
V tem omrežju velja človek za sestavni del narave, cilj pa je njuna povezanost v partnerstvu.
Indeed, many sites in Natura 2000 are valuable precisely because of the way they have been managed up to now and it will be important to ensure that these sorts of activities (such as extensive farming) can continue into the future.
Mnoga območja Natura 2000 so dragocena prav zaradi načina, na katerega so bila do zdaj upravljana, takšne dejavnosti (kot je ekstenzivno kmetovanje) bo zato treba ohraniti tudi v prihodnosti.
In this brochure, we look at the management implications of Natura 2000 in various land-use sectors and explore the options available for working in partnership with different interest groups to protect Europe’s rich biodiversity whilst promoting sustainable development.
V tej brošuri je navedeno, kaj Natura 2000 prinaša pri upravljanju v različnih sektorjih rabe prostora, in proučuje možnosti, ki so na voljo za partnerstvo z različnimi interesnimi skupinami, da se zavaruje bogata biotska raznovrstnost Evrope in hkrati spodbudi trajnostni razvoj.
Further information is available on the European Commission’s nature website: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/index_en.htm
Dodatne informacije so na voljo na spletni strani Evropske komisije o naravi: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/index_en.htm
Such an approach has many advantages, both for nature conservation and for people living and working in rural areas.
Takšen pristop ima mnogo prednosti za ohranjanje narave ter za ljudi, ki živijo in delajo na podeželju.
By actively associating different landusers in the management of Natura 2000 sites it is possible to ensure that vulnerable semi-natural habitats and species, which are dependent upon positive management, are maintained.
Z dejavno vključitvijo različnih uporabnikov zemljišč v upravljanje območij Natura 2000 je mogoče zagotoviti ohranitev ranljivih polnaravnih habitatov in vrst, ki so odvisni od pozitivnega upravljanja.
Natura 2000 supports the principle of sustainable development.
Natura 2000 upošteva načelo trajnostnega razvoja.
Its aim is not to stop economic activities but rather to set the parameters by which these can take place whilst safeguarding Europe’s biodiversity
Njen cilj ni prekiniti gospodarskih dejavnosti, ampak določiti parametre, v skladu s katerimi se te lahko izvajajo in se pri tem ohranja biotska raznovrstnost Evrope.
How are sites chosen?
Kako so območja izbrana?
in Europe. This is done by the European Commission, in close collaboration with the Member States and scientic experts.
razširjenosti posamezne vrste ali habitatnega tipa ne glede na politične ali upravne meje.
The Natura 2000 Network is composed of Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) which have been designated for some 230 threatened habitat types and 1,000 species listed in the annexes to the Habitats Directive.
Omrežje Natura 2000 sestavljajo posebna ohranitvena območja, ki so določena za eno ali več od 230 ogroženih habitatnih tipov in več kot 1 000 vrst, navedenih v prilogah k direktivi o habitatih.
It also includes Special Protection Areas (SPAs) classied under the Birds Directive for around over 190 endangered bird species and for
Vključuje tudi posebna območja varstva, razvrščena v skladu z direktivo o pticah za več kot 190 ogroženih vrst ptic in mokrišč
Because each biogeographical region covers several countries, or parts of countries, with similar natural conditions, sites can be selected across the natural range of each species or habitat type, irrespective of political or administrative boundaries.
Tretja faza: ko so območja, pomembna za Skupnost, izbrana, postanejo del omrežja Natura 2000. Države članice jih morajo potem v šestih letih določiti kot posebna ohranitvena območja in po potrebi uvesti ukrepe pozitivnega upravljanja za vzdrževanje ali obnovitev ugodnega stanja ohranjenosti vrst in habitatov.
wetlands of international importance1.
mednarodnega pomena 1.
The objective is to enable these vulnerable habitats and species to be maintained, or where necessary, restored to a favourable conservation state across their natural range in Europe.
Izbor območij v skladu z direktivo o pticah je drugačen: območja razvrstijo države članice in so po oceni neposredno vključena v omrežje Natura 2000.
➤ Stage three: Once the sites of Community importance are selected they become part of the Natura 2000 Network.
Cilj je omogočiti vzdrževanje ali po potrebi obnovitev ugodnega stanja ohranjenosti teh ranljivih habitatov in vrst na njihovem naravnem območju razširjenosti v Evropi.
Member States then have up to 6 years to designate them as Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) and, if necessary, introduce positive management measures to maintain or restore the species and habitats to a favourable conservation status.
Kakšne so obveznosti glede območij Natura 2000?
Around 25,000 sites have been included in the Natura 2000 Network so far.
Do zdaj je bilo v omrežje Natura 2000 vključenih približno 25 000 območij.
Together they cover almost a fifth of the European territory.
Skupaj obsegajo skoraj petino evropskega ozemlja.
Sites under the Habitats Directive are selected in three stages.
Območja iz direktive o habitatih so izbrana v treh fazah.
Site selection under the Birds Directive is dierent: sites are classied by the Member States and, after evaluation, included directly into the Natura 2000 Network.
Direktiva o habitatih določa, da je treba na območjih Natura 2000: preprečevati škodljive dejavnosti, ki bi lahko znatno vznemirjale vrste ali slabšale stanje habitatov, za katere so bila območja določena; po potrebi sprejeti pozitivne ukrepe za vzdrževanje in obnovitev„ugodnega stanja ohranjenosti“ teh habitatov in vrst na njihovem naravnem območju razširjenosti.
➤ The first stage involves a scientic assessment at the national level.
Prva faza vključuje znanstveno oceno na nacionalni ravni.
Each Member State identifies important sites for the species and habitats present on their territory on the basis of common scientic criteria.
Vsaka država članica opredeli pomembna območja za vrste in habitate na svojem ozemlju na podlagi skupnih znanstvenih meril.
These national lists are then sent formally to the European Commission.
Ti nacionalni seznami se nato pošljejo Evropski komisiji.
➤ The second stage involves selecting sites of Community importance from the national lists according to the nine biogeographical regions
Druga faza vključuje izbor območij, pomembnih za Skupnost, z nacionalnih seznamov v skladu z devetimi biogeografskimi regijami v Evropi.
The Habitats Directive requires that within Natura 2000 sites: ➤ Damaging activities are avoided that could signicantly disturb the species or deteriorate the habitats for which the site is designated. ➤ Positive measures are taken, where necessary, to maintain and restore these habitats and species to a ‘favourable conservation status’in their natural range.
Ker vsaka biogeografska regija zajema več držav ali delov držav s podobnimi naravnimi razmerami, so lahko območja izbrana na naravnem območju
1 Natura 2000 is established through Council Directive 92/43/EEC of May 21 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora, and Council Directive 79/409/EEC of April 2 1979 on the conservation of wild birds
1 Natura 2000 je vzpostavljena z Direktivo Sveta 92/43/EGS z dne 21. maja 1992 o ohranjanju naravnih habitatov ter prosto živečih živalskih in rastlinskih vrst in Direktivo Sveta 79/409/EGS z dne 2. aprila 1979 o ohranjanju prosto živečih ptic.
Natura 2000: conservation in partnership
Natura 2000 – Partnerstvo za ohranjanje
Biogeographical regions of the European Union.
Biogeografske regije Evropske unije
• ownership for the final outcome.they help find practical management solutions that are sustainable and fully integrated into other land-use practices.
Določbe, ki se uporabljajo, so lahko: prispevajo k iskanju praktičnih rešitev v zvezi z upravljanjem, ki so trajnostne in v celoti vključene v druge prakse rabe prostora.
The provisions used can be: • statutory (e.g. making a nature reserve), • contractual (e.g. signing management agreements with the land owner) or• administrative (providing the necessary funds to manage the site).
• zakonske (npr. vzpostavitev naravnega rezervata),pogodbene (npr. podpis sporazumov o upravljanju z lastnikom zemljišča) aliupravne (zagotavljanje potrebnih sredstev za upravljanje območja).
■ Alpine■ Atlantic■ Black Sea■ Boreal■ Continental■ Macaronesian■ Mediterranean■ Pannonian■ Steppic
Alpska Atlantska Črnomorska Borealna Celinska Makaronezijska Sredozemska Panonska Stepska
Whatever method is used, it must take account of the economic, social and cultural requirements and regional and local characteristics of the area concerned.
Za lažje razumevanje določb direktiv o naravi v zvezi z upravljanjem območij Natura 2000 je Komisija objavila razlagalni priročnik, ki vsebuje podrobne smernice o tem vprašanju. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/natura2000/management/guidance_en.htm
To facilitate the understanding of the provisions of the Nature Directives as regards managing Natura 2000 sites, the Commission has published an interpretation manual giving detailed guidelines on this issue. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/ nature/natura2000/management/ guidance_en.htm
Ne glede na uporabljeno metodo je treba upoštevati gospodarske, družbene in kulturne zahteve ter regionalne in lokalne značilnosti zadevnega območja.
Stakeholder involvement
Vključevanje zainteresiranih strani
In practice, this means working closely with the landowners and stakeholder groups in or around individual Natura 2000 sites in order to agree on the most appropriate ways to conserve the species and habitats present whilst respecting the local socio-economic context.
V praksi to pomeni tesno sodelovanje z lastniki zemljišč in skupinami zainteresiranih strani na posameznih območjih Natura 2000 ali v njihovi bližini, da se doseže dogovor o najustreznejših načinih ohranitve vrst in habitatov, pri čemer se hkrati upoštevajo lokalne družbenogospodarske razmere.
The Habitats Directive recommends using management plans to help establish a dialogue between all interested parties and agree on pragmatic management solutions for the area concerned.
V direktivi o habitatih je priporočena uporaba načrtov upravljanja, da se prispeva k vzpostavitvi dialoga med vsemi zainteresiranimi stranmi in dogovoru o pragmatičnih rešitvah v zvezi z upravljanjem zadevnega območja.
What is true…• Many existing land-use practices will continue as before because they are already compatible with the conservation of the habitats and species present.• Where activities negatively aect the species and habitats present, adjustments can often be made without jeopardising productivity.• Management activities that favour nature conservation can receive additional financial support through the Rural Development Regulation.• Hunting, fishing, tourism and other recreational activities will continue provided that they are managed in a sustainable manner and do not adversely aect the rare species and habitats present or prevent their recovery.
Mnoge sedanje prakse rabe prostora se bodo uporabljale še naprej, ker so že združljive z ohranjanjem habitatov in vrst.Kadar dejavnosti negativno vplivajo na vrste in habitate, se lahko prilagoditve pogosto izvedejo brez ogrožanja produktivnosti.Dejavnosti upravljanja, ki dajejo prednost ohranjanju narave, lahko v skladu z uredbo o razvoju podeželja prejmejo dodatno finančno podporo. Lov, ribolov, turizem in druge rekreativne dejavnosti bodo še naprej dovoljene, če bodo trajnostno upravljane ter ne bodo negativno vplivale na redke vrste in habitate ali preprečevale njihovega obnavljanja.
What is not true…
Kaj ni res ...
Properties automatically lose value as a consequence of Natura 2000 designation.All economic activities will be limited. Hunting activities are forbidden.Any new infrastructure is forbidden.Everyday activities will have to undergo an environmental impact assessment.
Zemljiščem samodejno pade vrednost zaradi določitve območja Natura 2000.Vse gospodarske dejavnosti bodo omejene.Lovske dejavnosti so prepovedane.Kakršna koli nova infrastruktura je prepovedana.Za vsakodnevne dejavnosti bo treba izvesti presojo vplivov na okolje.
Although not obligatory, management plans are useful tools: • they record the conservation needs of the habitats and species present so that it is clear to all what is being conserved and why; • they analyse the socio-economic and cultural context of the area and the interactions between dierent land-uses and the species and habitats present;• they provide an open forum for debate amongst all interest groups and help build a consensus view on the long term management of the site;• they create a sense of shared
Natura 2000 – Partnerstvo za ohranjanje
Many Natura 2000 sites are valuable for nature precisely because of the way they have been farmed up to now
Mnoga območja Natura 2000 so za naravo dragocena prav zaradi načina kmetovanja, ki se je uporabljal do zdaj.
This diversity arose out of centuries of dierent farming practices which generated many semi-natural habitats that are particularly rich in wildlife – such as hay meadows, wet grasslands, wooded pastures and open heaths.
Kmetijska zemljišča na območjih Natura 2000
Because a high biodiversity usually coincides with low agricultural outputs, most of the farmland in Natura 2000 is located in the marginal farming areas.
Ker se velika biotska raznovrstnost običajno ujema z majhno kmetijsko proizvodnjo, je večina kmetijskih zemljišč v omrežju Natura 2000 na obrobnih kmetijskih območjih.
Typical examples include alpine meadows and pastures, steppic plains, dehesas and montados, open moorland or wet grasslands.
Značilni primeri vključujejo alpinske travnike in pašnike, stepske ravnine, deheze in montado, odprto močvirje ali vlažna travišča.
These semi-natural habitats are part of what makes Europe’s landscape so special, both culturally and from a biodiversity perspective.
Ti polnaravni habitati so eden od razlogov, iz katerih je pokrajina Evrope s kulturnega vidika in vidika biotske raznovrstnosti tako posebna.
In these areas, existing farming practices are already likely to be compatible and so should be allowed to continue as before.
Na teh območjih so obstoječi načini kmetovanja verjetno že združljivi in je zato treba omogočiti, da se uporabljajo še naprej.
Indeed, designation under Natura 2000 could further help to re-enforce such activities by drawing attention to their societal value and by focusing EU funds towards their maintenance and, where possible, re-introduction.
Dejansko bi lahko določitev v okviru Nature 2000 dodatno prispevala k okrepitvi takšnih dejavnosti, tako da bi se pozornost usmerila v njihovo družbeno vrednost ter bi se sredstva EU namenila zlasti za njihovo ohranitev in ponovno uvedbo, kadar je to mogoče.
The EU’s Rural Development Regulation
Uredba EU o razvoju podeželja
This valuable resource is however rapidly disappearing.
Vendar ta dragocen vir hitro izginja.
Agriculture in Europe has undergone some major changes in the last fifty years.
Kmetijstvo v Evropi se je v zadnjih petdesetih letih bistveno spremenilo.
After the war, farmers were encouraged to intensify and modernise wherever possible in order to increase their yields and improve eciency.
Po vojni se je kmete spodbujalo k intenzifikaciji in posodobitvi, kadar koli je bilo to mogoče, da bi se povečal njihov pridelek in izboljšala učinkovitost.
Monocultures were introduced, fields enlarged, livestock farms expanded, and pesticides and fertilisers introduced.
Uvedene so bile monokulture, polja so se povečala, živinorejske farme so se razširile, uvedeni pa so bili tudi pesticidi in gnojila.
The importance of farming in maintaining our natural environment is now recognised at the highest political level.
Pomembnost kmetijstva pri vzdrževanju našega naravnega okolja je zdaj priznana na najvišji politični ravni.
The latest changes to the Common Agricultural Policy have, for instance, decoupled farm payments from production and linked them instead to keeping farmland in good agricultural and environmental condition.
Z zadnjimi spremembami skupne kmetijske politike so bila na primer plačila na kmetijo ločena od proizvodnje ter bila namesto tega povezana z ohranjanjem kmetijskih zemljišč v skladu z načelom dobrega kmetijskega in okoljskega delovanja.
Not all farms were able to follow this trend though.
Vendar vse kmetije niso mogle slediti temu trendu.
Some were handicapped by local conditions: the fields were too steep, the soil too poor, the area too remote, the work too labour intensive… As a result, many farmers in the more marginal agricultural areas of Europe were forced to leave their land and search for jobs elsewhere.
Nekatere so ovirale lokalne razmere: polja so bila preveč strma, tla so bila preslabe kakovosti, območje preveč oddaljeno, obdelovanje preveč delovno intenzivno ... Zato so bili mnogi kmetje z bolj obrobnih kmetijskih območij Evrope prisiljeni zapustiti svojo zemljo in iskati zaposlitev drugje.
The result is that large tracts of farmland across Europe have been heavily transformed or simply abandoned.
Zato so se velike površine kmetijskih zemljišč v Evropi močno spremenile ali so bile preprosto zapuščene.
The combined eects of these opposing trends on Europe’s biodiversity is signicant and much of our high nature value farmland is now fast disappearing.
Skupni učinek teh nasprotujočih si trendov na biotsko raznovrstnost Evrope je velik, pri čemer veliko naših kmetijskih zemljišč visoke naravne vrednosti zdaj hitro izginja.
The latest Rural Development Regulation (2007–2013) now has, as one of its objectives, to improve the environment and the countryside.
Tudi eden od ciljev zadnje uredbe o razvoju podeželja (2007–2013) je izboljšati okolje in podeželje.
Its supports a number of land management practices that are benecial for the environment, such as agrienvironment schemes.
Podpira veliko praks upravljanja zemljišč, ki so ugodne za okolje, kot so kmetijsko-okoljske sheme.
This has wide reaching implications for Europe’s biodiversity and for the Natura 2000 Network in particular, as farmers are now entitled to extra financial support for carrying out wildlife-friendly farming activities.
To ima daljnosežne posledice za biotsko raznovrstnost Evrope in zlasti omrežje Natura 2000, ker so kmetje zdaj upravičeni do dodatne finančne podpore za izvajanje prostoživečim živalskim in rastlinskim vrstam prijaznih kmetijskih dejavnosti.
Habitats Directives and compensate them for any special management they must undertake that goes beyond normal requirements of good farming practice. ➤ This can be further supplemented by voluntary agrienvironment schemes designed to protect the environment and maintain biodiversity.
Možnosti za Naturo 2000 v okviru programa za razvoj podeželja
These can be specically targeted towards particular natural areas or wildlife species.
Kmetijski ukrepi, ugodni za prostoživeče živalske in rastlinske vrste in vzdrževanju biotske raznovrstnosti.
It is up to each Member State to design their own agrienvironment schemes to reect their regional or national priorities. ➤ Support can also be granted for drawing up management plans relating to Natura 2000 sites and for enhancing, the public amenity value of Natura 2000 areas and other areas of high natural value.
Države članice same oblikujejo svoje kmetijsko-okoljske sheme, ki izražajo njihove regionalne ali nacionalne prednostne naloge.Podpora se lahko dodeli tudi za pripravo načrtov upravljanja v zvezi z območji Natura 2000 ter za krepitev javne uporabnosti območij Natura 2000 in drugih območij velike naravne vrednosti.
Leave a strip of uncropped, unfertilised land at the field margin or along water courses;2.
„Enotno plačilo“ na kmetijo ni več vezano na proizvodnjo.
Adopt rotational farming with mixturesof crops, pastures and fallow land;9.
Opredelitev območij z okoljskimi omejitvami je zdaj omejena izključno na območja Natura 2000.
Maintain landscape features that are important for wildlife such as hedgerows, woodland pockets, ditches, field margins, stone walls... ;10.
To kmetom pomaga pri izpolnjevanju določb direktiv o pticah in o habitatih ter jim zagotavlja nadomestila za kakršno koli posebno upravljanje, ki ga morajo izvesti in ki presega običajne zahteve dobre kmetijske prakse.
Leave untreated winter stubble on the ground.
To se lahko dodatno dopolni s prostovoljnimi kmetijsko-okoljskimi shemami, namenjenimi zaščiti okolja
Working with farmers to restore grazing on the Island of Öland, Sweden
Sodelovanje s kmeti za obnovitev paše na otoku Öland, Švedska
For centuries the island of Öland in southern Sweden was extensively grazed by a mixture of sheep, cattle and horses, which resulted in a complex mosaic of ‘alvar’ habitats of remarkable botanical diversity.This was also the mainstay economy for thousands of inhabitants on the island.
Na otoku Öland na južnem Švedskem je stoletja potekala ekstenzivna paša ovac, goveda in konjev, s čimer je bil ustvarjen zapleten mozaik habitatov „alvar“ z izredno botanično raznovrstnostjo.To je bilo tudi temeljna gospodarska dejavnost več tisoč prebivalcev otoka.
However, in the last 30–40 years, due to low returns from extensive livestock production, many of the small-scale farmers on Öland went out of business.
Vendar je v zadnjih 30–40 letih zaradi nizke donosnosti ekstenzivne živinoreje mnogo malih kmetov na Ölandu prenehalo opravljati kmetijsko dejavnost.
As fewer areas were grazed, the alvar began to disappear, smothered by invading scrub of signicantly less ecological value.
Paša je potekala na manj območjih, alvar pa je začel izginjati, ker so ga začela prekrivati invazivna grmišča, ki imajo znatno manjšo ekološko vrednost.