natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The main exception was Italy, which accounted for nearly two-thirds ofthe EEC's jobless with almost 1.7 million people out of work.
Izjema je bila Italija z 1,7 milijona brezposelnih ljudi, kar je predstavljaloskoraj dve tretjini vseh brezposelnih v EGS.
Italian workers from the much poorer and agriculture-based south of the country,where unemployment was endemic, were therefore migrating to find jobs,either in the industrialising north of the country or further afield.
Italijanski delavci z dosti revnejšega,kmetijsko usmerjenega juga države, kjer je bila brezposelnost nekaj običajnega,so se zaradi iskanja dela zato preseljevali bodisi na industrializirani severdržave ali celo izven nje.
Between1955 and 1971, as many as 9 million workers left southern Italy.
Med letoma 1955 in 1971 je jug Italije zapustilo 9 milijonov delavcev.
Similarly,and although not then a Member State of the EEC, over a million Spaniards from Andalucía, in southern Spain, moved north to the industrial engine of the country, Catalonia, between1950 and 1970.
Prav tako je med letoma 1950 in 1970 v Španiji, ki takratše ni bila država članica EGS, več kot milijon Špancev zapustilo Andaluzijona jugu Španije in se preselilo na industrializirani sever, v Katalonijo.
Many Italians went to Belgium following a 1946 governmental agreement,under which they worked in themines of Wallonia in exchange for Belgium pledging to supply coalto Italy.
Mnogo Italijanov je odšlo v Belgijo po sklenitvi medvladnega sporazuma leta 1946, v okvirukaterega so delali v rudnikih Valonije, vzamenjavo pa je Belgija Italiji zagotoviladobavo premoga.
As a consequence, Italianswere the major beneficiaries of the European Social Fund for retraining and resettlement grants in itsearly stages.
Zato so bili Italijani vzgodnjih fazah delovanja skladamnožično deležni pomoči Evrop -skega socialnega sklada za preuspo -sabljanje in preselitev.Druga država, ki je redno črpalasredstva iz Sklada, je bila Zahodna Nemčija, ki je sredstva porabljala zapreusposabljanje ljudi, ki so seponesrečili pri delu.
Another country which used the Fund regularly was West Germany,which concentrated on using itto retrain people who had suffered accidents at work.
Ker ni bilo vse -evropske strategije, so sredstvaporabljali za raznolike prilož -nostne projekte, ki pa niso bilaporabljena strateško.
In its early years, the Fundwas used by EEC governments to deal with problemsat a national level.
Toda Sklad je postal zgodnjizgled za pravilo financiranja sstrani Skupnosti, ki je danes ševedno v veljavi: financiranje EGS je moralo biti usklajeno znacionalnim financiranjem.
Applications were automaticallyaccepted by the Commission.Since there was no overarching European strategy, resourceswere spread across a wide rangeof ad-hoc projects rather than beingused strategically.
Ko je bilofinanciranje odobreno, so bila sredstvanakazana za projekte preusposabljanja inpreselitve, ki so jih vodile vlade, upravljal pa jih je javni sektor. V tistem časuzasebna podjetja niso sodelovala v ESS.
The impact of the Fund was felt immediately, with some estimates indicating that it helped 1 million workers get back to work between 1960 and1973.
Nekateri ocenjujejo, da je v letih med 1960in 1973 z njegovo pomočjo našlo zaposlitev en milijon delavcev.
Europe's economy was thriving at the time, stimulated by reconstruction and boosted by cheap oil.
Evropskogospodarstvo je cvetelo – njegovo rast pa sta poganjala obnova in poceni nafta.
In 1969, EEC governments meeting at The Hague conference referred to the need to reform the Fund as part of efforts to bringinto line their respective social policies. They were preparing the groundfor the first reform of the ESF in 1971.
Število prijav je silovito raslo in Sklad je postal žrtev svojega lastnega uspeha.Kmalu ni bilo več dovolj denarja in sredstva je bilo treba razporejati inuporabljati bolj učinkovito.
THE1970SFacing financial challenges
Pripravljali so se na prvo reformo ESSleta 1971.
The 1970s (particularly with the 1973 oil crisis) saw a slow-down in the European economy and marked the end of what is sometimes referred toas the Golden Age of economic growth in Europe.
V 70. letih (še posebej z naftno krizo leta 1973) se je rast evropskega gospodarstva upočasnila in nakazala konec tako imenovane zlate dobe v razvojuevropskega gospodarstva.
When oil prices soared in 1973 after the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries(OAPEC) stopped shipping oil to countries that supported Israel in its warwith Egypt and Syria, all parts of the economy were affected, includingemployment.
Ko so leta 1973, ko je Organizacija arabskih državizvoznic nafte (OAPEC) prenehala izvažati nafto državam, ki so podpirale Izrael v vojni z Egiptom in Sirijo, cene nafte poskočile, je to vplivalo na vsedele gospodarstva, vključno z zaposlovanjem.
The 1979 energy crisis made things even worse.
Z energetsko krizo leta 1979se je položaj še poslabšal.
POORER REGIONS RECEIVE A HELPING HAND
REVNEJŠE DRŽAVE DOBIJO POMOČ
The first reform of the European Social Fund, in 1971, sought to targetthe funding towards particular groups and categories of people.
Prva reforma Evropskega socialnega sklada leta 1971 je bila osredotočenana financiranje določenih skupin in kategorij ljudi.
It alsoadded more money to the pot with the budget for the new Fund in 1972and 1973 exceeding the total for the previous 12 years.
Prav tako je leta 1972povečala proračunska sredstva novega Sklada in leta 1973 so bila sredstvavečja kot v zadnjih 12 letih skupaj.
In 1973, the United Kingdom, Denmark and Ireland joined the EEC,marking its first enlargement from six to nine Member States.
Leta 1973 so se EGS pridružile Velika Britanija, Danska in Irska, kar je bilaprva širitev skupnosti s šestih na devet držav članic.
As the EEC prepared itself for this extension, leaders of the nine countries metin Paris in October 1972 and agreed on the need to deal with regionaland structural imbalances in economic development.
Medtem ko se je ESSpripravljal na to širitev, so se voditelji devetih držav oktobra 1972 srečali v Parizu in sporazumeli o potrebi po reševanju regionalnih in strukturnihneravnovesij v gospodarskem razvoju.
Three years later,in 1975, the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) was born.Its mandate was to support regions in difficulties arising from restructuring or from industrial change.
Tri leta kasneje, leta 1975, je bilustanovljen Evropski sklad za regionalni razvoj (ESRR). Njegova naloga jebila pomoč regijam pri težavah, ki so nastale s prestrukturiranjem ali zaradiindustrijskih sprememb.
The idea was for the two funds to workhand in hand, with the ESF concentrating on helping people throughout Europe to gain new skills, and the ERDF focusing on developing theinfrastructure of regions that were lagging behind.
Mišljeno je bilo, da bi oba sklada delovala vzajemno.ESS bi bil osredotočen na pomoč ljudem po vsej Evropi pri razvijanju novihsposobnosti, ESRR pa na razvijanje infrastrukture zaostalih regij.
The two funds werecollectively referred to as 'Structural Funds'.
Oba skladasta bila znana kot „strukturna sklada“.
TACKLING THE NEEDS OF SPECIFIC GROUPS
REŠEVANJE POTREB POSEBNIH SKUPIN
The 1970s saw the ESF open up to a wider selection of employees.
V 70. letih je ESS vključil v svoj obseg delovanja dodatne vrste zaposlitev.Kmetijstvo se je spreminjalo, kmetje in delavci na kmetijah, ki so odhajaliiz te panoge, pa so potrebovali podporo.
Sinceagriculture was changing, farmers and farm workers leaving agricultureneeded support; they became eligible in 1972.
Leta 1972 so postali upravičeni donje.
Similarly in the textilesector, early global trade patterns turned the sector from labour-intensi-ve into capital-intensive.
Situacija v tekstilni panogi, kjer so zgodnji vzorci svetovne trgovinespremenili panogo iz delovno intenzivne v kapitalsko intenzivno, je bilapodobna.
Textile workers needed to learn new skills
Delavci v tekstilni panogi so morali pridobiti nova znanja, ne
whether they wanted to stay in the industry or move to another job. The ESF was consequently opened up to the clothing industry in 1975.
πϖ7080146_50ψΕΣΦ ΣΛ Ινηαλτ.θξδ7:Μισε εν παγε 1 22.11.2007 10:16 Υηρ Σειτε 16 glede na to, ali so želeli ostati v isti panogi ali pa si poiskati drugo zaposlitev.ESS je leta 1975 posledično odprl svoja vrata tudi oblačilni industriji.
The ESF had already provided resettlement support for migrants in earlier decades, but in the 1970s this was extended to help people with thepractical problems they faced when finding work in another EEC country.
ESS je priseljencem ponujal podporo za preselitev že prej, toda v 70. letih jebila ta pomoč razširjena na reševanje posebnih težav, na katere so leti naletelipri iskanju zaposlitve v drugi državi EGS.
Workers were helped with the cost of learning the local language andgiven advice to help them and their families adapt to their new living andworking conditions.
Delavci in njihove družine so bilideležni pomoči pri kritju stroškov učenja lokalnega jezika in svetovanja priprilagajanju njihovim novim življenjskim in delovnim pogojem.
The ESF was also extended to support preparatorystudies and innovative pilot schemes to test new ideas and practices.
Dejavnosti ESS so se razširile tudi na podporo pripravljalnih raziskav in inovativnihpilotskih študij za preizkušanje novih idej in praks.
Youth unemployment rose steadily in the 1970s.
Brezposelnost mladih je v 70-letih vztrajno rasla.
Towards the end of thedecade, the ESF received progressively increasing amounts of applications to help young people with low levels of qualifications. Eligible applications amounted to over five times the available budget.
Proti koncu desetletja je ESS prejel vedno več prijav za pomoč mladim z nizko stopnjo kvalifikacij.Upravičene prijave so za petkrat presegle razpoložljivi proračun.
The ESFreacted quickly, and concentrated its support for young people onrecruitment and employment. Recruitment aid was to help young peoplegain useful experience with a vocational content or make it easier forthem to find a stable job.
ESS jehitro ukrepal in se osredotočil na pomoč mladim pri iskanju zaposlitve.Pomoč pri zaposlitvi je bila namenjena mladim pri pridobivanju koristnihpoklicnih izkušenj ali za lažje iskanje stabilne zaposlitve.
By 1977, the Commission noted that youth unemployment had morethan doubled over four years, with around 2 million unemployed peopleaged less than 25 in the European Community.
Do leta 1977 je Komisija opazila, da se je brezposelnost mladih v štirih letihveč kot podvojila. Tako je bilo v Evropski skupnosti skoraj dva milijonabrezposelnih, starih manj kot 25 let.
Having a vocational qualification or holding a university degree became more and more important when looking for a job.
Pri iskanju zaposlitve sta bili univerzitetna izobrazba ali poklicna kvalifikacija vedno bolj pomembni.
Young people without these qualifications,or with qualifications that did not meet the needs of the labour market,found it increasingly difficult to find jobs.
Mladi brezteh kvalifikacij ali s kvalifikacijami, ki niso ustrezale potrebam trga delov -ne sile, so izredno težko našli zaposlitev. Za ESS so zato postali prednostnaskupina.
At around this time the place of women in the labour market was increasingly being taken into account by the ESF.
Nekako v tem času je ESS začel vse bolj upoštevati vlogo žensk na trgudelovne sile.
Responding to the growingrole of women in the workplace, the ESF gave greater support towomen, whether they had lost their job, were joining the labour marketfor the first time or returning to work after a break. Other specific social groups, such as the disabled and older workers (aged 50 and over),were also beginning to be targeted by the Fund.
V skladu z vedno večjo vlogo žensk na delovnih mestih je ESSponujal vedno večjo podporo ženskam, pa naj je šlo za pomoč ob izgubizaposlitve, prvem vstopu na trg delovne sile ali pa ob ponovni vrnitvi na trg.Druge posebne družbene skupine, kot na primer invalidi in starejši delavci(starejši od 50 let), so bile prav tako ponovno deležne pomoči iz Sklada.
Until then, Member Stateshad implemented projectsand been re-funded afterwards.
Do takrat so države članiceizvajale projekte, pozneje paso jim povrnili finančnasredstva.
Now that access tothe Fund was wider, a system of prior approval hadto be put in place.
Sedaj, ko je bil Sklad bolj dostopen, somorali uvesti postopekpredhodne odobritve.
This ledto significant changes: mostimportantly, it was thebeginning of a process inwhich the Commission and Member States would, in thefuture, define common prioritiesacross the EEC and allocate concentrated amounts of funding to dealwith them.
To jevodilo k pomembnim spremembam: najbolj pomembnopa je bilo dejstvo, da je bil tozačetek procesa, v kateremnaj bi v prihodnosti Komisijain države članice določaleskupne prednostne naloge vvsej EGS in dodeljevale koncentrirana sredstva za njihovo uresničevanje.
In other words, a structuredapproach was emerging as to how tooptimise use of the money, and make ESF-funded interventions as efficient as possible.
Povedano drugače –oblikoval se je strukturiran pristop,s katerim naj bi optimizirali porabodenarja in izboljšali učinkovitost sstrani ESS financiranih intervencij.
But this was not the only change.
To pa ni bila edina sprememba.
With the new system of prior approval and a more structured approach came also more checks to ensurethat ESF funding was spent properly.
Z novim sistemom predhodne odobritve in bolj strukturiranimpristopom je bilo uvedenih tudi več preverjanj za
THE1980SA decade of market changesand new needs
Povečala pa se je seveda tudi birokracija.
Unemployment was still severe. Total unemployment in the European Community doubled from6 million in 1979 to 12 million in 1983; youthunemployment stood at over 25% in most Member States.
Osemdeseta leta so bila čas velikih sprememb za evropska gospodarstva.Začetek desetletja je bil zaradi energetske krize leta 1979 zaznamovan z novofinančno recesijo, ki pa ni bila tako huda kot tista na začetku sedemdesetihlet.
More seriously still, longterm unemployment (lasting a year or more) becameincreasingly common.
Evropski voditelji so spoznali, da bi tesnejše gospodarsko in finančnosodelovanje omogočilo Evropi boljši položaj pri reševanju takih kriz.
IT TRAINING- THEESF MEETINGTHEDEMANDSOFTHE
Temelji za poznejšo monetarno unijo so bili položeni leta 1979.
For the ESF, industrial change meant an enormous challenge.
Takrat je biluveden tudi ECU – predhodnik evra.
A for-ward-looking decision was taken in the early 1980s to use the ESF fortraining in the newly emerging technologies.
Služil je kot umetna valuta, na katero sose vezale nacionalne valute in tako omejile nihanje valutnih premikov.
One major modificationintroduced in the 1983-1988 funding period removed the requirementthat a retrained person had to workin a job related to his training for atleast six months following theirtraining.
Leta 1981 se je Evropski skupnosti pridružila Grčija, leta 1986 pa sta ji slediliše Španija in Portugalska.
This reflected the realityof a labour market in flux and opened up the Fund to provide trainingacross all areas of the economy.The aim was to equip beneficiarieswith a range of skills, making iteasier to find employment in different sectors.
Leto pozneje, leta 1987, je bil z začetkom veljave Enotnega evropskega akta narejen korak k enotnemu evropskemu trgu.Dvanajst članic Skupnosti je bilo na poti k bolj enotni finančni politiki in trgu.
At the time, industry was strugglingto find young people with advanced qualifications in areas such aselectronics, engineering and information technology. Two ESF priorities were vocational training (half
Prav tako so se spreminjala evropska gospodarstva – v 80. letih se je začelprehod iz industrijske v informacijsko dobo.Tradicionalne industrije, kot so jeklarska,
of which was on-the-job work experience) and courses that trainedpeople in the use of new technologies. New technologies would soon bepart of everyday life in the workplace and the ESF tackled this needearly on.
πϖ7080146_50ψΕΣΦ ΣΛ Ινηαλτ.θξδ7:Μισε εν παγε 1 22.11.2007 10:17 Υηρ Σειτε 22 predelovalna industrija in ladjedelništvo, so bile v zatonu, na področjih novetehnologije, predvsem v storitvenem sektorju, pa so se pojavljale nove priložnosti, kar je pomenilo veliko povpraševanje po izkušenih delavcih.
HELPING POORER REGIONS CATCH UP WITH THE
Stopnja brezposelnosti je bila še vedno visoka.
In the three new Member States of the 1980s (Greece, Portugal and Spain) agriculture was still the dominant sector, and per capita incomewas considerably lower than the EC average. In 1983, it was decidedthat funding from the ESF should be channelled towards particularlyneedy regions.
Število brezposelnih v Evropskiskupnosti se je podvojilo – s šestih milijonov v letu 1979 je poskočilo na 12 milijonov brezposelnih delavcev v letu 1983; brezposelnost mladih je bila v večinidržav članic več kot 25-odstotna.
This led to increased applications for funds, and in 1988the ESF was reformed so that it could better assist the regions laggingfurthest behind (thus reducing the imbalances between rich and poor)and meet the increased number of applications.
Še bolj zaskrbljujoče pa je bilo dejstvo, da jedolgoročna brezposelnost (trajajoča eno leto ali več) postajala vedno boljpogosta.
YOUTHUNEMPLOYMENTANDWOMENINTHELABOURMARKET- TOPOFTHEESF AGENDA
Za ESS je bila industrijska sprememba velikanski izziv.
By the end of the 1970s, youth unemployment had become a growingcause for concern.
Z veliko spremembo, kiso jo uvedli v obdobju financiranja 1983–1988, je bil odstranjen pogoj, damora preusposobljena oseba vsaj šest mesecev po usposabljanju delati nadelovnem mestu, povezanim z usposabljanjem.
As Europe took further steps towards closer integration in the 1980s, youth unemployment remained a persistent problem.The need for more highly skilled labour put a higher demand on furthertraining and the ESF responded to this.
To je zrcalilo resničnostanje trga delovne sile in odprlo Sklad za usposabljanja na vsehpodročjih gospodarstva. Cilj je biloskrbeti uporabnike s številnimiizkušnjami, s katerimi bi si laže našlizaposlitev v različnih sektorjih.
The funding was targeted atyoung people with poor job prospects due to a lack of vocational training or inadequate training, as well as to the longterm unemployed.
V tistem času so podjetja mrzličnoiskala mlade ljudi z visokimi kvalifikacijami na področjih, kot so elektronika, inženirstvo in informacijska tehnologija.
Itwas also extended to include early school-leavers, since a large numberof young people were dropping out of school prematurely or leaving without any qualifications.
Prednostne naloge ESS sobile poklicno usposabljanje (polovicatega je bilo usposabljanje na delovnem mestu) ter tečaji, s katerimi sousposabljali ljudi za uporabo novih
The ESF played acentral role not only by helpingwomen enter the labour marketbut also by tackling gender stereotypes which made findingwork more difficult for them.The 1988 reform of the ESFunderlined the importance ofintegrating 'women in occupations where they are substantially underrepresented'.
V treh državah članicah, ki so se pridružile v 80. letih (Grčija, Portugalska in Španija), je bilo kmetijstvo še vedno glavna panoga in dohodek na prebivalcaje bil občutno manjši od povprečja ES.
The ESFbacked this up by financing specialised training schemes forsuch jobs.
Leta 1983 je bilo odločeno, da sesredstva ESS namenjajo regijam, potrebnim pomoči.
It also supported actions to help women in cases ofmajor redundancies or toimprove their chances of getting and securing a more qualified job.
To je povzročilopovečanje števila prijav za sredstva in leta 1988 je bil ESS reformiran tako, daje lahko bolje pomagal regijam, ki so bile v zaostanku (in s tem usklajevalneravnovesje med bogatimi in revnimi) in zadostil potrebam povečanegaštevila prijav.
On the way to completing the single market in the 1990s, the ESF played an important role in ensuring that all citizens and regions of the Community could reap benefit from the success of the internal market as itdeveloped.
Več kot polovica sredstev ESS je bilo namenjenih za programe, ki so povečevalizaposlovanje v revnejših regijah in državah, kot so Grčija, francoski čezmorskidepartmaji, Irska, predel Mezzogiorno na jugu Italije in Severna Irska.
The creation of the single market gave life to the free movement of goods, services, people and money.
Ko sta seleta 1986 Evropski skupnosti pridružili še Španija in Portugalska, so bile dodaneše regije, kot je na primer Andaluzija, in Kanarski otoki, prav tako pa tudi celotna Portugalska.
Thischange would need to reflect the factthat the European Community fundscontributed to policies that were largelydefined in the national contexts of the Member States.
BREZPOSELNA MLADINA IN ŽENSKE NA TRGU DELOVNE SILE NAJPOMEMBNEJŠI PREDNOSTNI NALOGI ESS
This key ESF reform was launched in1988.
Ob koncu 70. let je brezposelnost mladih vzbujala vedno več skrbi.
The overall idea was to programme the Fund on a more longterm basisso that it could be more effectivelyapplied.
Medtem kose je Evropa v 80. letih vedno bolj bližala integraciji, je brezposelnost mladihostajala pereč problem.
The reform was a move from(individual) projects pursued in a national context to a programmed multiannual effort on a basis agreed in part-
Prav tako jepozornost usmeril tudi na osebe, ki so prezgodaj opustile šolanje, saj je velikoštevilo mladih prezgodaj opustilo šolo ali pa jo končalo brez kvalifikacij.
nership between Member States and the Commission.
Položaj žensk na trgu delovne sile je bila še vedno pomembna tema. Okrepitevobstoječega pravnega okvira za enakost (s temelji v Rimski pogodbi) v 70. letih je obrodila sadove.
Initiativestowards this longer term planning for the ESF and Member States'employment policies as a whole were given a considerable boost by the1988 decision that the Community should move from an annual budgetto a medium-term budgetary perspective (1988/1989-93).
ESS je imel glavno vlogo ne samo pri pomoči ženskam pri vstopanju na trg delovne sile, temveč tudi pri odpravljanju spolnihstereotipov, ki so ženskamoteževali iskanje zaposlitve.Reforma ESS iz leta 1988 je poudarila pomembnost vključevanja„žensk na delovna mesta, kjer sobile izredno slabo zastopane“.ESS je podpiral to s financiranjem načrtov za specialističnausposabljanja za taka delovnamesta.
This meantthat the Commission and Member States could be sure that the fundswould be available over the full period, and that multiannual programmes could be launched securely.
Prav tako je podpiralukrepe za pomoč ženskam vprimerih množičnih odpuščanjali za izboljšanje njihovih možnosti za pridobitev ali zagotovitevbolj kvalificiranih del.
As an outcome of the reform, the ESF would move closer to the needs of regionsand Member States.
VZPOSTAVLJEN JE ENOTNI TRG
At this point it is important to note the sheer scale of the ESF in supporting Member States' employment structures.
Pri dokončni vzpostavitvi enotnega trga v 90. letih je ESS odigral pomembnovlogo pri zagotavljanju načela, po katerem naj bi bili vsi državljani in regije Skupnosti deležni ugodnosti razvijajočega se notranjega trga.
Overall, more than 2 million people per year were estimated to have gained vocational qualifications or jobs with the help of the Fund.
Vzpostavitevenotnega trga je pomenila začetek prostega pretoka blaga, storitev, oseb indenarja.
As Europe was entering the last decade of the millennium, society - andits ambitions -changed considerably. Industrial production was in decline and the service sector rising.
Sklad se je precej povečal, s tem pa tudi administrativno delo, povezano zvečjim obsegom delovanja.