natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
For cannabis abuse, family therapy has an effect on the abuse in teenagers with an intact family network.
Kadar je zdravljenje v stanovanjski skupnosti ali zaporu del intervencije, ga je treba organizirati kot verigo z malo prekinitvami med povezavami različnih agencij, če želimo zagotoviti stabilno in neprekinjeno celoto zdravljenja.
Clients with comorbidity often suffer from ‘multi-morbidity’, since there are severe somatic illnesses as well as social, housing and employment problems associated with comorbidity. Drug use often implies a failure to comply with a pharmacological treatment schedule, thus increasing the problem of handling psychotic or depressive episodes.
Študije podpirajo zdravljenje odvisnosti od opiatov z vzdrževalnim zdravljenjem z metadonom v kombinaciji z vedenjskimi pristopi na podlagi priročnika (zdravljenje po priročniku), ki so usmerjeni na težave z drogami, vključno s kognitivnim vedenjskim zdravljenjem, preprečevanjem ponovitve težav zaradi drog, usposabljanjem o nepredvidljivih primerih ter bolj poglobljenimi kratkotrajnimi psihoterapijami, kot so družinska, vedenjska in psihodinamična terapija.
HIV infection and several types of hepatitis are common, as are a vast number of ailments; neglect of personal somatic health is the rule.
Za odvisnost od kokaina je dokazano učinkovito samo vedenjsko zdravljenje na podlagi priročnika, ki je usmerjeno na težave z drogami, čeprav je njegov vpliv majhen.
Social problems such as isolation and homelessness aggravate the situation for these persons.
Pri zlorabah s kanabisom družinska terapija učinkuje na zlorabe pri mladostnikih z nedotaknjeno družinsko mrežo.
Particular attention should be paid to the prison population.
Posebno pozornost je treba posvetiti ljudem v zaporih.
Psychiatric illness and drug use are both much more prevalent in prisons than among the general population
Psihiatrična motnja in uživanje drog sta veliko bolj razširjeni v zaporih kot med splošnim prebivalstvom, tako kot tudi kombinacija obeh.
Only more elaborated psychotherapeutic interventions had a medium positive effect on retention in drug treatment.
Če želimo osebe zadržati v zdravljenju odvisnosti, je zmerno učinkovito samo bolj poglobljeno psihoterapevtsko zdravljenje.
For all drugs, well-defined, manualised treatment
Za vse droge pa je najučinkovitejše dobro določeno zdravljenje na podlagi priročnika.
management needs investing in human and organisational resources but is in the end cost-effective.
Težave z izčrpanostjo so pogoste pri članih osebja, ki delajo z uporabniki drog s komorbidnostjo.
Integration of different services and professions, case supervision, as well as practical training and theoretical education might be the most powerful antidote.
Ugotoviti je treba vpliv psihoaktivnih snovi na klinično sliko, saj lahko veliko drog povzroči spremembe v zaznavanju in presoji, ki so podobne tistim, ki jih povzroča duševna motnja.
Training treatment staff to deal with comorbidity research.
Usposabljanje zdravstvenega osebja za obravnavo bolnikov s komorbidnostjo
For more extensive treatment planning, more refined psychiatric assessments including SCID, CIDI, MINI and various psychological tests must be applied.
Usposabljanje za posebne intervencije, s katerimi bi zmanjšali uporabo drog in/ali razvili posebne spretnosti, je najbolj obetajoča metoda.
The impact of toxic substances on the clinical picture must be determined, since many drugs may induce alterations in perception and judgment similar to those caused by a mental disorder.
Če je v usposabljanje vključeno vse osebje, so posredovanja, temelječa na priročniku, učinkovita za povečevanje splošne ravni terapevtske možnosti.
Dealing with comorbid clients presents staff with many problems.
Izvajalo se je več kognitivnovedenjskih metod, za katere se je ugotovilo, da so učinkovite.
Training in specific interventions to reduce drug use and/or to develop specific skills are among the more promising methods.
Pri zdravljenju bolnikov s komorbidnostjo se osebje srečuje s številnimi težavami.
If training includes the whole staff, manualised interventions are effective in increasing the general level of therapeutic competence. Several of the cognitive-behavioural methods have been implemented and found to be effective.
Zaradi razdiralnega in nasilnega vedenja bolnikov, zlasti tistih z bolj “dramatičnimi” vrstami osebnostnih motenj, in njihove čustvene nestabilnosti jih je pogosto težko obvladovati.
Effective organisation is the key to maintaining the quality of treatment
Učinkovita organizacija je ključ do ohranjanja kakovosti zdravljenja
The introduction of assessment instruments like ASI and quality management systems is also important for feedback and for correcting misconceptions.
Uvedba instrumentov za ocenjevanje, kot je ASI, in sistemov vodenja kakovosti, je prav tako pomembna za zagotavljanje povratnih informacij in odpravo napačnih predstav.
Studies have found that the staff severely underestimate the prognosis of the patients, since patients with repeated and unsuccessful treatment admissions (‘revolving-door patients’), while not representing a valid picture of treatment outcome, might induce a pessimistic attitude.
V študijah je bilo ugotovljeno, da osebje bistveno slabše ocenjuje prognozo bolnikov, saj lahko bolniki s ponavljajočimi se in neuspešnimi sprejemi na zdravljenje (“bolniki vrtljivih vrat”) ustvarjajo pesimističen odnos, ne predstavljajo pa prave slike rezultatov glede zdravljenja.
Documentation and systematic follow-ups are often the only way to correct such prejudices.
Dokumentacija in sistematično nadaljnje spremljanje sta pogosto edini način, da se popravijo taki predsodki.
A multi-disciplinary comprehension of how to deal with patients with different patterns of comorbidity is vital for all levels of treatment staff.
Večdisciplinarno razumevanje, kako obravnavati bolnike z različnimi oblikami komorbidnosti, je ključno na vseh ravneh zdravstvenega osebja.
Often, however, staff are specialised and feel competent only within the limits of their profession.
Vendar pa je osebje pogosto specializirano in se čuti sposobno samo v svojem poklicu.
The patients´ difficulties in regulating self-esteem, consequently manifested by acting-out, inability to postpone impulses and handle drug craving often make staff members feel frustrated and unappreciated.
Zaradi težav bolnikov s samopodobo, ki se posledično kažejo s kratkoročnimi izbruhi, nezmožnostjo odložitve impulzov in obvladovanja hlepenja po drogah, se člani osebja počutijo razočarano in nespoštovano.
An effective treatment organisation is essential to maintain the quality in the clinical management of patients.
Učinkovita organizacija zdravljenja je nujna za ohranjanje kakovosti pri kliničnem vodenju bolnikov.
A consolidated and integrated structure may decrease the negative impact of the personality disorders on the treatment climate.
Utrjena in integrirana zgradba lahko zmanjša negativen vpliv osebnostnih motenj na vzdušje pri zdravljenju.
The quality of the leadership, work satisfaction, security and development among staff are all factors conveyed to the patients more or less subliminally.
Kakovost vodenja, zadovoljstvo z delom, varnost in razvoj med zaposlenimi so dejavniki, ki se na bolnike prenašajo bolj ali manj podzavestno.
Organisational interventions to decrease staff turnover easily go hand in hand with efforts directed at increasing competence and fostering a realistic and positive attitude to possible improvement in the staff and in the patients.
Organizacijski ukrepi za zmanjšanje fluktuacije zaposlenih gredo z roko v roki s prizadevanji za povečanje pristojnosti ter oblikovanje stvarnega in pozitivnega odnosa do možnega izboljšanja pri zaposlenih in bolnikih.
This, by itself, will reduce costs.
S tem pa se bodo sami po sebi znižali stroški.
Comorbid drug users need longterm treatment
Uporabniki drog s komorbidnostjo potrebujejo dolgotrajno zdravljenje
An important step forward in quality of documentation is the introduction of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI), a multifunctional instrument that can be used in diagnostics, treatment, follow-up and
Pomemben korak h kakovostni dokumentaciji je uvedba večnamenskega instrumenta – indeksa stopnje odvisnosti (ASI), ki ga lahko uporabljamo pri postavljanju diagnoz, zdravljenju in nadaljnjem spremljanju ter pri
Overlap of the three dominating diagnostic syndromes in patients with comorbid drug-use disorders
Prekrivanje treh prevladujočih diagnostičnih sindromov pri bolnikih s komorbidnimi motnjami uživanja drog
Depression and anxiety disorders
Depresija in anksiozne motnje
Personality disorders
Osebnostne motnje
Psychotic disorders
Psihotične motnje
In some cases, psychiatric disorders are chronic diseases that need longterm treatment or care.
V nekaterih primerih so duševne motnje kronične in zahtevajo dolgotrajno zdravljenje ali nego.
Integration of treatment services, multiprofessional teams and sheltered living are some of the interventions that have been shown to be effective.
Vključevanje zdravstvenih služb, multiprofesionalne skupine in bivanje v zavetiščih je samo nekaj ukrepov, za katere se je izkazalo, da so učinkoviti.
In addition, patients with mainly personality disorders benefit from longterm social reintegration interventions.
Poleg tega bolnikom s pretežno osebnostnimi motnjami koristijo dolgoročni ukrepi za ponovno vključitev v družbo.
The social networks of these people are always very weak and they have a general lack of ordinary life skills, like relating to other persons, keeping routines and appointments, seeking and keeping jobs, social skills, daily life skills, housekeeping and managing money.
Socialne mreže teh ljudi so vedno zelo šibke in ponavadi jim primanjkuje vsakodnevnih življenjskih spretnosti, kot so navezovanje odnosov z drugimi ljudmi, opravljanje vsakdanjih obveznosti in prihajanje na sestanke, iskanje in obdržanje službe, socialne veščine, vsakodnevna opravila, gospodinjstvo in ravnanje z denarjem.
A coordination of community services and continuity in the treatment chain, combined with a case-management approach, increases effectiveness and is more cost-efficient than disparate and uncoordinated treatment efforts.
Z uskladitvijo služb v skupnosti in stalnostjo v verigi zdravljenja se poleg pristopa na podlagi vodenja primera povečuje učinkovitost zdravljenja, kar je stroškovno učinkovitejše kot neenaka in neusklajena prizadevanja za zdravljenje.
Comorbidity – drug use and mental disorders:policy considerations
Komorbidnost – uporaba drog in duševne motnje Premisleki politike
Comorbid patients often have many mental, physical and social problems, which have to be identified and diagnosed.
Bolniki s komorbidnostjo imajo pogosto veliko duševnih, telesnih in socialnih težav, ki jih je treba ugotoviti in diagnosticirati.
Training at all levels of each involved organisation is necessary to enhance staff capacity to deal with comorbidity patients in a holistic way and increase treatment success.
Usposabljanje na vseh ravneh vsake vključene organizacije je nujno, da se okrepi sposobnost osebja za celostno obravnavanje bolnikov s komorbidnostjo in poveča uspeh zdravljenja.
Treatment is effective if delivered according to evidencebased practice, planned and managed individually.
Zdravljenje je učinkovito, če se izvaja v skladu s prakso, temelječo na dokazih, ki se načrtuje in vodi za vsak primer posebej.
Coordinated, integrated and flexible treatment services based on scientific evidence and with regular monitoring will reduce staff turnover and be cost-efficient.
Usklajene, integrirane in prilagodljive zdravstvene službe, temelječe na strokovnih dokazih in redno spremljane, bodo zmanjšale fluktuacijo zaposlenih in postale stroškovno učinkovite.
Aftercare and social reintegration efforts are important in order to avoid relapse and renewed need for cost-intensive care.
Prizadevanja za oskrbo po zdravljenju in ponovno vključevanje v družbo so pomembna v izogib ponovitvi težav in ponovni potrebi po dragi oskrbi.
Comorbid patients need carefully coordinated and integrated services in order for treatment to be successful.
Bolniki s komorbidnostjo potrebujejo skrbno usklajene in integrirane službe, da bi bilo zdravljenje uspešno.
Case management is a particularly effective approach for these patients.
Za te bolnike je zlasti učinkovit pristop na podlagi vodenja primera.
Web information
Informacije na spletu
Hallucinogenic mushrooms: the challenge of responding to naturally occurring substances in an electronic age
Halucinogene gobe: izziv, kako se ustrezno odzvati na naravne snovi v elektronski dobi
Over the past decade media interest in the use of hallucinogenic mushrooms appears to have been driven by open marketing of these mushrooms and by the legal changes made in some countries to prohibit this trade.
V zadnjem desetletju je zanimanje medijev za uporabo halucinogenih gob naraslo. Kot kaže, je na to vplivalo odprtje trgov za te gobe ter zakonske spremembe, ki so jih uvedle nekatere države, z namenom prepovedi tovrstne dejavnosti.
mushrooms, most of which contain psilocybin and psilocin as the main active ingredients responsible for the hallucinogenic effect.
snovi lahko najdemo v več kot 100 vrstah gob, od katerih večina vsebuje psilocibin in psilocin kot glavni psihoaktivni sestavini, ki povzročata halucinogene učinke.
Nearly all of the psilocybin-containing mushrooms are small brown or tan mushrooms that could be mistaken for a number of nonpsychoactive, inedible, or poisonous mushrooms in the wild.
Skoraj vse gobe, ki vsebujejo psilocibin, so majhne rjave ali rumeno rjave gobe, zato jih lahko pomotoma zamenjamo s katero od številnih nepsihoaktivnih, neužitnih ali strupenih gob, ki rastejo v naravi.
and other media, forensic analysis, practice and research.
na tem področju so lahko različni, vključno z internetnimi poročili ali poročili drugih medijev, forenzičnimi analizami, praksami in raziskavami.
In this policy briefing, information on the use of hallucinogenic mushrooms is reviewed and policy lessons drawn.
To poročilo zajema zbrane informacije o uporabi halucinogenih gob in zapisane politike.
Factors are identified that served both to encourage and shape the trend in the use of hallucinogenic mushrooms during the late 1990s and early 2000s and also those that acted as barriers to more widespread diffusion.
Opisani so tako dejavniki, ki so služili spodbujanju in oblikovanju trenda uporabe halucinogenih gob od poznih devetdesetih let dvajsetega stoletja do prvih let enaindvajsetega stoletja, kot tudi tisti dejavniki, ki so predstavljali oviro splošni razširjenosti.
Standard epidemiological methods for monitoring drug use can be slow to identify emerging trends and it is recognised that they need to be complimented by more sensitive methods.
Standardne epidemiološke metode za spremljanje uporabe drog so lahko prepočasne za odkrivanje pojavljajočih se trendov.
The challenge is to identify new drug fashions, which tend to start within small subpopulations or in limited geographical areas, and assess their potential for more widespread diffusion.
Vse bolj očitno je, da jih je treba dopolniti z metodami, ki bodo omogočale hitrejše zaznavanje tovrstnih trendov.
Psilocybin and psilocin (or psilotsin) are controlled at the highest level internationally, but some countries experienced a lack of legal clarity with regard to mushrooms containing these substances.
Halucinogene droge so kemijsko raznolika skupina drog, za katere je značilna sposobnost povzročanja motenj zaznavanja ter izrazitega spreminjanja razpoloženja in duševnih procesov. Naravne halucinogene
The hallucinogens are a chemically diverse class of drugs that are characterised by their ability to produce distortions in sensations and to markedly alter mood and thought processes.
Psilocibin in psilocin se sicer nadzorujeta na najvišji mednarodni ravni, vendar v nekaterih državah obstajajo določene pravne nedorečenosti glede gob, ki vsebujejo te sestavine.
Naturally occurring hallucinogens can be found in over 100 species of
Te nedorečenosti so izkoristili preprodajalci gob, so pa tudi ovire za razvoj mehanizmov za nadzor dobave.
Hallucinogenic mushrooms, commonly known as ‘magic mushrooms’: Species containing psilocybin and psilocin are the mushrooms most commonly used for their psychoactive properties, and are the main subject of this policy briefing.
Halucinogene gobe, splošno znane kot „čudežne“ oziroma „nore gobice“: tiste vrste gob, ki vsebujejo psilocibin in psilocin, se najpogosteje uporabljajo zaradi psihoaktivnih lastnosti in so osrednja tema tega poročila.
Other species of hallucinogenic mushrooms such as the fly agaric contain muscimol and ibotenic acid as the main active ingredients.
Druge vrste halucinogenih gob, kot npr. rdeča mušnica, vsebujejo muskimol in ibotensko kislino, kot glavni aktivni sestavini.
The muscimol-containing species are themselves toxic and are closely related to highly toxic species.
Vrste, ki vsebujejo muskimol, so same po sebi toksične in so zelo podobne visoko toksičnim vrstam.
Smart shops: Shops specialising in the sale of ‘natural’ psychoactive substances as well as related literature and paraphernalia.
„Smart shopi“: trgovine, specializirane za prodajo „naravnih“ psihoaktivnih snovi ter s tem povezano literaturo in pripomočke.
Key issues at a glance
Ključne teme na kratko
The number of fatal and nonfatal emergencies from hallucinogenic mushrooms reported is very low.
Poročila o nujnih primerih s smrtnim izidom in brez smrtnega izida zaradi uporabe halucinogenih gob so le redka.
Use of hallucinogenic mushrooms is more commonly linked to mental health risks and a significant proportion of those who use hallucinogenic mushrooms may experience a panic attack.
Uporaba halucinogenih gob je pogosteje povezana s tveganji za duševno zdravje, znaten delež tistih, ki uporabljajo halucinogene gobe, lahko doživi napad panike.
Use of hallucinogenic mushrooms is more common among young people who have used other illegal drugs than among young people who have not.
Uporaba halucinogenih gob je pogostejša med mladimi, ki so že uporabljali druge prepovedane droge, kot med mladimi, ki jih še niso.
As young people attending music festivals and electronic dance events report higher levels of drug use than the general or school populations, users of hallucinogenic mushrooms are likely to be found in these settings.
Ker je med mladimi, ki se udeležujejo glasbenih festivalov in prireditev z elektronsko plesno glasbo, stopnja uporabe drog višja kot v splošni ali šolski populaciji, bomo uporabnike halucinogenih gob najverjetneje našli v teh okoljih.
Inherent characteristics associated with the use of hallucinogenic mushrooms (e.g. nausea, panic attacks and unpredictable effects) and social constraints on young experimenters (e.g. need for a safe environment to reduce risks) may act as barriers to regular or frequent use.
Posledice, povezane z uporabo halucinogenih gob (npr. slabost, napadi panike in nepredvidljivi učinki), in družbeni pritiski na mlade, ki eksperimentirajo (npr. potreba po varnejšem okolju za zmanjšanje tveganja) lahko predstavljajo oviro za redno ali pogosto uporabo.
The sale of hallucinogenic mushrooms by smart shops and market stalls in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom appears to have played an important role in facilitating their use.
Zdi se, da je imela prodaja halucinogenih gob v „smart shopih“ in na stojnicah na tržnicah na Nizozemskem in v Združenem kraljestvu pomembno vlogo pri spodbujanju njihove uporabe.
Considerable variation was noted in the extent and quality of information provide about the health risks of the products sold.
Ti preprodajalci so od poznih devetdesetih let dvajsetega stoletja do prvih let enaindvajsetega stoletja omogočali lahek dostop do halucinogenih gob.
Six EU countries have tightened their legislation on mushrooms since 2001 in response to concerns about the prevalence of use.
Šest držav EU je po letu 2001 zaostrilo svojo zakonodajo glede gob zaradi zaskrbljenosti glede razširjenosti uporabe.
The new legislation may have had an impact on the availability of mushrooms and overall volume of internet sales. However, there are also signs that online retailers have responded by switching to uncontrolled and possibly in some cases more toxic alternatives.
Nova zakonodaja je sicer vplivala na razpoložljivost gob in celotno količino spletne prodaje, vendar obstajajo tudi znamenja, da so se spletni preprodajalci preusmerili na nenadzorovane in v nekaterih primerih morda tudi bolj toksične alternative.
Who are the consumers?
Kdo so uporabniki?
Hallucinogenic mushrooms were among the first psychoactive substances consumed by man.
Halucinogene gobe so bile med prvimi psihoaktivnimi snovmi, ki jih je užival človek.
Today they present us with a new dilemma – how do we effectively control the supply of a complex group of naturally occurring products being promoted and sold in what has become a global marketplace where regulatory actions may simply result in suppliers switching to alternative and possibly even more damaging products?
Danes nas postavljajo pred novo dilemo – kako učinkovito nadzirati dobavo kompleksne skupine naravnih proizvodov, ki se oglašujejo in prodajajo na globalnem trgu, kjer lahko regulativni ukrepi povzročijo, da se dobavitelji preprosto preusmerijo na druge alternativne in morda celo škodljivejše proizvode?
In Europe, the use of hallucinogenic mushrooms for recreational purposes first emerged in the late 1950s but diffusion at that time was limited to small esoteric groups (such as beat poets).
Uporaba halucinogenih gob, namenjena sprostitvi, se je v Evropi pojavila konec petdesetih let dvajsetega stoletja, vendar je bila razširjenost v tistem času omejena na manjše ezoterične skupine (kot so „bitniški“ pesniki).
Diffusion among recreational drug users was gradual until sales by smart shops and market stalls provided a channel for more rapid diffusion during the late 1990s and early 2000s.
Razširjenost med uporabniki drog v okoljih, namenjenih sprostitvi, je postopno naraščala, dokler ni prodaja v „smart shopih“ in na stojnicah na tržnicah od konca devetdesetih let dvajsetega stoletja do prvih let enaindvajsetega stoletja vzpostavila kanal za hitrejše širjenje.
Hallucinogenic mushrooms grow wild in many parts of Europe, but the information available suggests that most mushrooms used for their psychoactive properties are cultivated rather than picked wild.
Halucinogene gobe rastejo v naravi v mnogih delih Evrope, vendar razpoložljivi podatki kažejo, da se večina gob, ki se uporablja zaradi psihoaktivnih lastnosti, goji, in ne nabira v naravi.
Mushrooms are sold both as fresh and dried products and for home cultivation using mushroom prints, spawnbags and growkits.
Gobe se prodajajo kot sveži in suhi proizvodi, za domače gojenje pa se uporabljajo trosi, vrečke s končiči gob in kompleti za gojenje.
The ESPAD school surveys conducted in 2003 report that the rates of 15 to 16 year old school students who perceive that hallucinogenic mushrooms are ‘very’ or ‘fairly easy’ to obtain range from 4% to 28%.
Evropska raziskava o alkoholu in preostalih drogah med šolsko mladino (ESPAD), izvedena leta 2003, kaže, da znaša delež dijakov, starih med 15 in 16 let, ki opažajo, da je halucinogene gobe „zelo“ ali „precej lahko“ dobiti, med 4 % in 28 %.
Under 10% of students in Cyprus, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania and Turkey report easy access to hallucinogenic mushrooms and over 20% of students in the Czech Republic, Ireland, Italy, Poland and the United Kingdom report easy access.
Manj kot 10 % študentov na Cipru, Finskem, v Grčiji, na Madžarskem, v Latviji, Litvi, Romuniji in Turčiji poroča o lahkem dostopu do halucinogenih gob, na Češkem, Irskem, v Italiji, na Poljskem in v Združenem kraljestvu pa o lahkem dostopu poroča več kot 20 % študentov.
EMCDDA identified a total number of 39 online shops that sell hallucinogenic mushroom products.
za spremljanje drog in zasvojenosti z drogami (EMCDDA) ugotovil, da je skupaj 39 spletnih trgovin, ki prodajajo proizvode halucinogenih gob.
Most of these online shops (31 or 82%) are based in the Netherlands.
Večina teh spletnih trgovin (31 ali 82 %) je vzpostavljena na Nizozemskem.