natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Historically, drug-treatment services have been organised around the needs of opioid users, who still represent the main group of users in treatment.
V preteklosti so bile storitve zdravljenja odvisnosti od drog organizirane glede na potrebe uživalcev opioidov, ki še vedno predstavljajo glavno skupino uživalcev na zdravljenju.
In the majority of Member States, substitution treatment combined with psychosocial care has become the predominant option for opioid users.
V večini držav članic je nadomestno zdravljenje, skupaj s psihosocialno oskrbo, postalo prevladujoča možnost za uživalce opioidov.
With the introduction of high-dosage buprenorphine treatment in Cyprus in 2007, substitution treatment is now available in all Member States and in Croatia and Norway (26).
Z uvedbo zdravljenja z velikim odmerkom buprenorfina na Cipru leta 2007 je nadomestno zdravljenje zdaj na voljo v vseh državah članicah ter na Hrvaškem in Norveškem (26).
In Turkey, substitution treatment has yet to be introduced, though it is permitted under a 2004 regulation on treatment centres.
V Turčiji še niso uvedli nadomestnega zdravljenja, čeprav je to dovoljeno v skladu z uredbo o centrih za zdravljenje iz leta 2004.
After methadone, buprenorphine is the second most commonly prescribed opioid substitute, and its use in the treatment of opioid dependence has increased in recent years (see Chapter 6).
Za metadonom je buprenorfin drugi najpogosteje predpisan nadomestek za opioide, v zadnjih letih pa se je njegova uporaba pri zdravljenju odvisnosti od opioidov povečala (glej poglavje 6).
It is now available as a treatment option in all Member States except Bulgaria, Hungary and Poland.
Zdaj je na voljo kot možnost zdravljenja v vseh državah članicah, razen v Bolgariji, na Madžarskem in na Poljskem.
In 2006, it is estimated that 600 000 opioid users received substitution treatment in Europe, with an increase since the previous year being reported in 16 of the 22 countries providing data.
Ocenjuje se, da je leta 2006 v Evropi 600 000 uživalcev opioidov prejelo nadomestno zdravljenje, pri čemer je 16 od 22 držav, ki so sporočile podatke, poročalo o povečanju v primerjavi s predhodnim letom.
See Tables TDI-10 (part vii) and TDI-21 (part iv) in the 2008 statistical bulletin.
) Glej preglednici TDI-10, del (vii), in TDI-21, del (iv), v Statističnem biltenu 2008.)
See Tables TDI-13 and TDI-15 in the 2008 statistical bulletin.
Glej preglednice TDI-13 in TDI-15, del (ii) in del (iv), v Statističnem biltenu 2008.)
See Tables HSR-1 and HSR-2 in the 2008 statistical bulletin.
Glej preglednici HSR-1 in HSR-2 v Statističnem biltenu 2008.
Chapter 2: Responding to drug problems in Europe — an overview provision of services to imprisoned drug users and new laws on drug treatment in prison.
Poglavje 2: Odzivi na problematiko drog v Evropi – pregled delodajalcev in delojemalcev, kot se izvajajo v okviru projekta „Ready for work“ na Irskem, ali različne „delovne in socialne agencije“ v Češki republiki.
of users, particularly women, heroin and crack users, those who belong to ethnic minorities and those with co-morbid psychiatric problems.
nalezljivih bolezni ustalila, kar je delno mogoče pripisati povečanju razpoložljivosti zmanjševanja škode in odzivom na zdravljenje.
Social reintegration is recognised as an essential component of comprehensive drug strategies, and it can be implemented at any stage of drug use and in different settings.
Socialna reintegracija je priznana kot bistvena komponenta celovitih strategij boja proti drogam, izvajati pa jo je mogoče v vsaki fazi uživanja drog in v različnih okoljih.
The aims of social reintegration interventions may be achieved through capacity building, improvement of social abilities, measures to facilitate and promote employment and to obtain or improve housing.
Cilje intervencij socialne reintegracije je mogoče doseči z razvojem sposobnosti, izboljšanjem socialnih zmožnosti, ukrepi za pospeševanje in spodbujanje zaposlenosti ter za pridobitev ali izboljšanje nastanitve.
In practice, reintegration services may offer vocational counselling, work placements and housing support, while prison-based interventions may link inmates to community-based housing and social support services in preparation for their release.
V praksi so med storitvami reintegracije lahko poklicno svetovanje, delovna praksa in pomoč pri nastanitvi, intervencije v zaporu pa lahko zapornike v okviru priprav na izpustitev povežejo z nastanitvijo v skupnosti in storitvami socialne pomoči.
Data available from a variety of studies continue to point to an over-representation of drug users in European prisons, compared to the general population.
Podatki, ki jih podajajo različne študije, še naprej pričajo o velikem deležu uživalcev drog v evropskih zaporih v primerjavi s splošno populacijo.
Surveys carried out between 2001 and 2006 show that the proportion of prisoners (29) who report having ever used an illicit drug varies greatly between prison populations, detention centres and countries, from a third or less (Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania) to above 50% in most studies, and up to 84% in a women’s prison in England and Wales.
Raziskave, izvedene med letoma 2001 in 2006, so pokazale, da se delež zapornikov (29), ki poročajo o uživanju prepovedanih drog, med zaporniškimi populacijami, prostori za pridržanje in državami zelo razlikuje, od tretjine ali manj (Bolgarija, Madžarska, Romunija) do več kot 50 % v večini študij ter do 84 % v ženskem zaporu v Angliji in Walesu.
Cannabis remains the illicit drug most frequently reported by prisoners, with lifetime prevalence levels of up to 78%.
Konoplja je še vedno najpogosteje navedena prepovedana droga, s stopnjami razširjenosti uživanja kadar koli v življenju do 78 %.
Although estimates of lifetime use of other substances can be very low in some prisons (down to 1%), some studies report lifetime prevalence levels of 50–60% for heroin, amphetamines or cocaine among prisoners (30).
Čeprav so lahko ocene uživanja drugih snovi kadar koli v življenju v nekaterih zaporih zelo nizke (celo 1 %), nekatere študije nakazujejo 50- do 60-odstotne stopnje razširjenosti uživanja za heroin, amfetamine ali kokain med zaporniki kadar koli v življenju (30).
The most damaging forms of drug use may also be concentrated among prisoners, with some studies reporting that more than a third of those surveyed have ever injected drugs (31).
Med zaporniki so razširjene tudi najškodljivejše oblike uživanja drog, saj nekatere študije poročajo, da si je več kot tretjina vključenih v raziskave že vbrizgavala droge (31).
Homelessness, together with living in unstable accommodation, is one of the most serious forms of social exclusion facing drug users, affecting about 10% of drug users entering treatment in 2006 (27).
Brezdomstvo je skupaj z nestalno nastanitvijo ena izmed najresnejših oblik socialne izključenosti, s katero se soočajo uživalci drog, saj je bilo približno 10 % uživalcev drog, ki so se začeli zdraviti leta 2006, brezdomcev (27).
While housing support is provided to drug treatment clients in many countries, shortages have also been documented, and two countries report that it is difficult for drug users to gain access to the general services for the homeless that are traditionally used by problem alcohol users (Ireland, Italy).
Medtem ko veliko držav uživalcem, ki se zdravijo, ponuja pomoč pri nastanitvi, je bilo zabeleženo tudi pomanjkanje nastanitev, dve državi pa poročata, da uživalci drog zelo težko pridejo do splošnih storitev za brezdomce, ki so običajno na voljo problematičnim uživalcem alkohola (Irska, Italija).
New measures that can help meet the accommodation needs of drug users are being undertaken in three countries (Belgium, Denmark, Netherlands), which report that facilities for homeless long-term addicts are being centralised and specialised care homes are being opened for drug users with problem behaviour or co-morbidity.
Tri države (Belgija, Danska, Nizozemska) izvajajo nove ukrepe, ki morda lahko pripomorejo k izpolnjevanju potreb uživalcev drog po nastanitvi, poročajo pa tudi, da zmogljivosti za brezdomne dolgotrajne odvisnike postajajo centralizirane, odpirajo pa se tudi specializirani oskrbni domovi za uživalce drog s problematičnim vedenjem ali soobolevnostjo.
The fact that drugs find their way in to most prisons, despite all measures being taken to reduce the supply of drugs, is recognised by both prison experts and policymakers.
Dejstvo, da se kljub vsem ukrepom, sprejetim za zmanjševanje njihove ponudbe, droge znajdejo v večini zaporov, priznavajo tako strokovnjaki za zapore kot oblikovalci politik.
Studies carried out between 2001 and 2006 in Europe show that between 1% and 56% of inmates report having used drugs within prison, and up to a third of inmates have injected drugs while in custody (32).
Študije, izvedene v Evropi med letoma 2001 in 2006, kažejo, da med 1 in 56 % zapornikov poroča o uživanju drog v zaporu, tretjina zapornikov pa si je v zaporu droge vbrizgavala (32).
This raises concerns around the potential spread of infectious diseases, especially in relation to the sharing of injection equipment.
To vzbuja skrb glede morebitnega širjenja nalezljivih bolezni, zlasti v zvezi s souporabo opreme za vbrizgavanje.
Health and social responses in prison
Zaporniška populacija v Evropski uniji šteje več kot
The prison population in the European Union is over 607 000 (33), with an estimated annual turnover of more than 860 000 prisoners.
607 000 (33) zapornikov, po ocenah pa se v enem letu zamenja več kot 860 000 zapornikov.
In most countries, the proportion of prisoners sentenced for drug law offences is in the range of 10–30%.
V večini držav je delež zapornikov, obsojenih zaradi kršitev zakonov
From the data available, it can be estimated that more than 400 000 people with past or current experience of illicit drug use pass through EU prisons every year.
Pomoč uživalcem na zdravljenju pri iskanju zaposlitve je ključni element socialne reintegracije, saj je polovica uživalcev, ki se začnejo zdraviti, nezaposlena (28).
And among these, there will be a considerable number of problem drug users.
Novi pristopi k pomoči uživalcem pri iskanju in ohranitvi zaposlitve so se izkazali za uspešne.
The healthcare needs of this large population of former or current drug users in European prisons will, to some extent, be determined by health problems related to drug use, notably infectious diseases such as hepatitis B and C viruses and HIV/AIDS (see Chapter 7).
Pristopi vključujejo: „mentorske programe“, subvencionirana delovna mesta (od leta 2006 na voljo tudi v Litvi), posebna usposabljanja
See Table TDI-15 in the 2008 statistical bulletin.
) Glej preglednico TDI-15 v Statističnem biltenu 2008.)
See Table TDI-20 in the 2008 statistical bulletin.
Glej preglednico TDI-20 v Statističnem biltenu 2008.)
The term ‘prisoners’ is used in a broad sense here, and includes both on-remand and convicted incarcerated persons.
Izraz „zapornik“ se tukaj uporablja v širšem pomenu ter vključuje osebe v preiskovalnem zaporu in obsojene zapornike. )
See Table DUP-1 in the 2008 statistical bulletin.
Glej preglednico DUP-1 v Statističnem biltenu 2008.)
See Table DUP-2 in the 2008 statistical bulletin.
Glej preglednico DUP-2 v Statističnem biltenu 2008. )
See Tables DUP-3 and DUP-4 in the 2008 statistical bulletin.
Glej preglednici DUP-3 in DUP-4 v Statističnem biltenu 2008.)
Council of Europe Annual Penal Statistics (SPACE), based on a prison population survey with reference to 1 September 2006.
Council of Europe Annual Penal Statistics (SPACE), na podlagi raziskave o zaporniški populaciji s sklicevanjem na 1. september 2006.
In addition, these interventions have become more widely available within countries.
Novejša zakonodaja o zdravljenju odvisnosti od drog v zaporu
The responsibility for healthcare in prison lies, in most countries, with the Ministry of Justice.
Leta 2006 in v začetku leta 2007 je šest držav revidiralo svoje pravne okvire in smernice, ki vplivajo na pravice zapornikov do zdravljenja odvisnosti od drog.
However, this is changing, and in a growing number of European countries, the responsibility has been transferred to the health system (France, Italy, England and Wales in the United Kingdom, Norway).
V Romuniji je bila s skupno odredbo ministrov za pravosodje, javno zdravstvo ter upravo in notranje zadeve maja 2006 vzpostavljena nova pravna podlaga za nadomestno zdravljenje v zaporu v zvezi z nadaljevanjem integriranih zdravstvenih in psiholoških programov ter programov socialne pomoči za zapornike.
In Spain, comprehensive services for drug users are developed in all prisons according to the action plan of the national strategy on drugs (2000–08) and based on a cooperation protocol between the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of the Interior, signed in 2005.
V Belgiji direktiva ministrstva za pravosodje iz leta 2006 navaja, da imajo zaporniki pravico do enakega obsega zdravljenja, kot je na voljo izven zapora.
In other countries, in order to meet the needs of increasing numbers of incarcerated drug users, prisons have established cooperation with public health services and specialist non-governmental drugs agencies in the community.
Na Irskem nove smernice za zapore poudarjajo standard zdravstvenega varstva za storitve zdravljenja, ki morajo biti primerljive s storitvami v skupnosti in hkrati primerne za zaporniško okolje.
Interventions targeting drug-using prisoners have expanded in the European Union.
Zakon določa, da se mora zdravljenje začeti v roku 14 dni od dne, ko je zapornik zaprosil za zdravljenje pri danski službi za zapore in pogojne izpuste.
Compared to five years ago, more countries now report activities in the following
Vendar pa zapornik do tega ni upravičen, če se pričakuje, da bo izpuščen v treh mesecih ali se obravnava kot neprimeren ali nemotiviran za zdravljenje.
In 2006, only four Member States reported sociodemographic data and information on drug use patterns of prisoners in drug treatment through their national treatment monitoring systems.
Na Slovaškem je zakon iz leta 2006 omogočil zagotavljanje psiholoških storitev uživalcem drog v preiskovalnem zaporu, ki trpijo zaradi simptomov odtegnitve.
In France, Cyprus and Slovakia, an opioid, usually heroin, is most often reported as the primary drug by those entering drug treatment; while in Sweden, primary amphetamine use is the main reason for entering treatment in prison, reflecting broadly the patterns of problem drug use within these countries.
Cilj tega zakona je zagotoviti uživalcem drog takšne storitve v času, ko jih ti najbolj potrebujejo, v času prisilne odtegnitve takoj po prihodu v zapor. Zakon je ustvaril tudi zakonodajni okvir za podporo obstoječim enotam za posebno zdravljenje za obsojene uživalce drog.
Recent legislation on drug treatment in prison
z javnimi zdravstvenimi službami in specializiranimi nevladnimi agencijami za droge v skupnosti.
In Romania, a new legal basis for establishing substitution treatment in prisons was created in May 2006 by the Common Order of the Ministries for Justice, Public Health, and Administration and Internal Affairs regarding the continuation of integrated medical, psychological and social assistance programmes for inmates.
Potrebe po zdravstveni oskrbi te velike populacije nekdanjih ali sedanjih uživalcev drog v evropskih zaporih so, do neke mere, opredeljene z zdravstvenimi težavami, povezanimi z uživanjem drog, in sicer nalezljivimi boleznimi, kot so hepatitisa B in C ter HIV/AIDS (glej poglavje 7).
In Belgium, a 2006 directive from the Ministry for Justice states that inmates have the right to the same range of treatment options as are available outside prison.
V Evropski uniji so se intervencije, namenjene zapornikom, ki uživajo droge, razširile.
Meanwhile, in Ireland new Prison Service guidelines emphasise the healthcare standard for treatment services, which should be comparable to those available in the community, while being appropriate to the prison setting.
Nadomestno zdravljenje v zaporih je uradno na voljo v vseh državah, razen v Bolgariji, Estoniji, Latviji, Litvi, na Cipru, na Slovaškem in v Turčiji, čeprav je v tudi v številnih drugih državah splošna razpoložljivost tega zdravljenja omejena.
In Denmark, a change in the law from January 2007 entitles imprisoned drug users to free treatment for their drug use.
Za zdravstveno oskrbo v zaporih je v večini držav odgovorno ministrstvo za pravosodje.
The law stipulates that the treatment should normally start within 14 days of the prisoner requesting it from the Danish Prison and Probation Service.
Vendar pa se to spreminja in v vedno več evropskih državah je odgovornost prenesena na zdravstveni sistem (Francija, Italija, Anglija in Wales v Združenem kraljestvu, Norveška).
However, there is no such entitlement if the offender is expected to be released within three months or is considered unfit or not motivated for treatment.
V drugih državah so zapori, da bi izpolnili potrebe vedno večjega števila zaprtih uživalcev drog, vzpostavili sodelovanje
More specifically, in Slovakia, a 2006 law permitted the provision of psychological services to drug users on remand who are suffering from withdrawal symptoms.
Leta 2006 so samo štiri države članice sporočile sociodemografske podatke in informacije o vzorcih uživanja drog pri zapornikih, ki se zdravijo, in sicer prek nacionalnih sistemov za spremljanje zdravljenja.
The aim of this law is to provide drug users with such services at the time when they are most needed, at the time of enforced withdrawal immediately upon entering custody. It also created a legislative framework to support the existing special treatment units for convicted drug users.
V Franciji, na Cipru in na Slovaškem osebe, ki se začnejo zdraviti, kot primarno drogo najpogosteje navajajo opioid, običajno heroin; na Švedskem pa je glavni razlog za začetek zdravljenja v zaporu primarno uživanje amfetaminov, kar močno odraža vzorce problematičnega uživanja drog v državi.
Drug supply and availability — data and sources
Ponudba in razpoložljivost drog – podatki in viri
Systematic and routine information to describe illicit drug markets and trafficking is still limited.
Sistematične in tekoče informacije, ki opisujejo trge s prepovedanimi drogami in trgovine z drogami, so še vedno omejene.
Production estimates of heroin, cocaine and cannabis are obtained from cultivation estimates based on fieldwork (sampling on the ground) and aerial or satellite surveys.
Ocene proizvodnje heroina, kokaina in konoplje izhajajo iz ocen gojenja, ki temeljijo na terenskem delu (vzorčenje na terenu) ter posnetkov iz zraka in satelitskih posnetkov.
These estimates have some important limitations linked, for instance, with variations in yield figures or with the difficulty of monitoring crops which are not grown in restricted geographical areas, like cannabis.
Te ocene imajo nekaj pomembnih omejitev, na primer razlike v podatkih o pridelku ali težave pri spremljanju pridelkov, gojenih na omejenih geografskih območjih, kot je konoplja.
Drug seizures are often considered as an indirect indicator of the supply, trafficking routes and availability of drugs; however, they also reflect law enforcement priorities, resources and strategies, the vulnerability of traffickers and reporting practices.
Zasegi drog se pogosto štejejo kot posredni kazalec ponudbe, trgovskih poti in razpoložljivosti drog, čeprav pogosto odražajo tudi prednostne naloge kazenskega pregona, vire in strategije, vpliv, ki ga imajo uvedeni ukrepi na trgovce z mamili, in prakse poročanja.
Data on purity or potency and retail prices of illicit drugs may also be analysed in order to understand retail drug markets.
Da bi razumeli maloprodajne trge z drogami, je mogoče analizirati tudi podatke o čistosti ali moči ter maloprodajne cene prepovedanih drog.
However, the availability of this type of data may be limited and there may be questions of reliability and comparability.
Vendar pa je lahko razpoložljivost teh vrst podatkov omejena, zanesljivost in primerljivost pa sta lahko vprašljivi.
Intelligence information from law enforcement agencies may help complete the picture.
Obveščevalne informacije organov kazenskega pregona so lahko pri tem v pomoč.
The European picture in respect to cannabis has evolved considerably over the last decade, as has the debate on how to respond appropriately to the widespread use of this drug.
Evropska slika v zvezi s konopljo se je v zadnjem desetletju močno spremenila, kakor tudi razprava o tem, kako se pravilno odzvati na razširjeno uživanje te droge.
In the early and mid-1990s a few countries stood out as having a high prevalence, whereas the European norm was levels of use which, by today’s standards, were low.
Na začetku in sredi 90. let prejšnjega stoletja se je z veliko razširjenostjo soočalo nekaj držav, medtem ko so bile povprečne evropske ravni uživanja glede na današnje standarde nizke.
In almost all countries, cannabis use increased during the 1990s and early 2000s, and this has resulted today in a far less varied European picture, even if differences between countries still exist.
V skoraj vseh državah je uživanje konoplje naraslo v 90. letih prejšnjega stoletja in na začetku tega stoletja, posledica tega pa je današnja precej manj raznolika evropska slika, čeprav razlike med državami še vedno ostajajo.
Moreover, the last few years have seen a growing understanding of the public health implications of the long-term and widespread use of this drug, and rising reported levels of treatment demand for cannabis-related problems.
Poleg tega je v zadnjih nekaj letih prišlo do večjega razumevanja posledic dolgotrajnega in razširjenega uživanja te droge za javno zdravje, povečale pa so se tudi poročane ravni povpraševanja po zdravljenju zaradi težav, povezanih s konopljo.
Europe may now be moving in to a new phase, as data are pointing to a stabilising or even decreasing situation.
Evropa morda prehaja v novo fazo, saj podatki nakazujejo ustalitev ali celo upadanje uživanja, vendar pa ravni uživanja glede na pretekle standarde ostajajo visoke.
Levels of use remain high by historical standards, however; what constitutes an effective response to cannabis use remains a key question in the European debate on drugs.
Vprašanje, kaj predstavlja učinkovit odziv na uživanje konoplje, pa ostaja ključno v evropski razpravi o drogah.
Production and trafficking
Proizvodnja in trgovina
The EMCDDA collects national data on drug seizures, purity and retail prices in Europe.
Center zbira nacionalne podatke o zasegih drog, čistosti in maloprodajnih cenah v Evropi.
Other data on drug supply comes largely from UNODC’s information systems and analyses, complemented by additional information from Europol.
Drugi podatki o ponudbi drog izhajajo večinoma iz informacijskih sistemov UNODC in analiz, ki jih dopolnjujejo dodatne informacije iz Europola.
Information on drug precursors is obtained from the INCB, which is involved in international initiatives to prevent the diversion of precursor chemicals used in the manufacture of illicit drugs.
Informacije o predhodnih sestavinah za droge nudi INCB, ki sodeluje v mednarodnih pobudah za preprečevanje zlorabe predhodnih sestavin, ki se uporabljajo pri proizvodnji prepovedanih drog.
As many parts of the world lack sophisticated information systems related to drug supply, some of the estimates and other data reported, though representing the best approximations available, must be interpreted with caution.
Ker v številnih delih sveta primanjkuje dobrih informacijskih sistemov v zvezi s ponudbo drog, je treba nekatere ocene in druge podatke, čeprav so ti najboljše možne približne ocene, razlagati previdno.
(Reitox national reports). Herbal cannabis in Europe is also reported to come from other parts of the world, including: west and southern Africa (Nigeria, Angola), south-east Asia (Thailand), south-west Asia (Pakistan) and the Americas (Colombia, Jamaica) (CND, 2008; Europol, 2008).
Konopljo je mogoče gojiti v zelo različnih okoljih in raste v naravi v številnih delih sveta.