natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Other obstacles to receiving substitution treatment in prison reported by Member States include: the lack of a regulatory framework for its initiation (Finland), and the requirement to pay for the treatment (French-speaking community in Belgium).
Drugi ukrepi vključujejo ciljne programe cepljenja proti hepatitisu B v zaporih, usposabljanje osebja v zaporih o zdravstvenih vprašanjih,povezanih drogami, in nasveti ter usposabljanje o varnejšem uživanju.
The provision of substitution treatment is also often dependent on local conditions, and sometimes relies on the initiative of the individual prison doctor.
O zagotavljanju teh ukrepov poroča trinajst držav, čeprav se stopnje razširjenosti razlikujejo.
The level of provision of measures to prevent overdoses is similar.
Po ocenah strokovnjakov pa obstajajo razlike pri zagotavljanju tega ukrepa.
While pre-release counselling on overdose risk is available in 18 countries, it is estimated that it has been provided to more than a few prisoners over the past 12 months only in eight countries.
Nadomestno zdravljenje je na voljo v skoraj vseh zaporih v devetih državah in v več kot polovici zaporov v štirih drugih državah.
Information materials on drugrelated deaths and emergencies, elaborated specifically for the prison environment, are available in only seven countries (43).
V devetih državah (v Bolgariji, Estoniji, Grčiji, na Cipru, v Litvi, Latviji, na Slovaškem, v Romuniji in Turčiji) pa tovrstno zdravljenje v zaporih ni na voljo, čeprav v Bolgariji in Romuniji potekajo priprave za njegovo uvedbo, v Latviji pa se razpravlja o spremembah zakonov.
Expert ratings of the availability and level of provision of other prevention and harm reduction measures in prison are available for 26 EU countries, Norway and Turkey.
V 18 državah je zaporniku, preden ga izpustijo, na voljo svetovanje o tveganju uporabe prevelikega odmerka, a se ocenjuje, da so ga v zadnjih 12 mesecih več kot le nekaj posameznim zapornikom ponudili samo v osmih državah.
Individual counselling on infectious diseases and assessment of drugrelated risk behaviour is reported to exist in prisons in 26 countries.
Informativno gradivo o smrtnih in nujnih primerih, povezanih z drogami, pripravljeno posebej za zapore, je na voljo v samo sedmih državah (43).
Hepatitis C testing upon prison entry is available in 22 countries, but not in Hungary, Poland and Turkey; however, in Hungary, more than 14 % of all prisoners were screened for HCV in the first 9 months of an ongoing campaign that began in 2007.
O izvajanju programa zamenjave injekcijskih igel in brizg v zaporih poročajo Nemčija, Španija, Luksemburg, Portugalska in Romunija, načrtuje pa se v Združenem kraljestvu (Škotska).
Other interventions include targeted prison hepatitis B
Odpor zaporniškega osebja in pomanjkanje zaupanja sta bila navedena kot oviri za uspešno izvajanje nekaterih programov zamenjave injekcijskih igel in brizg v zaporih.
The provision of needle and syringe exchange in prison settings is reported by Germany, Spain, Luxembourg, Portugal and Romania, and it is planned in the United Kingdom (Scotland).
Omejeno zagotavljanje nadomestnega zdravljenja v skupnosti se običajno odraža tudi v odsotnosti ali zelo omejenem zagotavljanju tovrstnega zdravljenja v zaporih (42).
Resistance from prison staff and lack of confidentiality have been reported as obstacles to the successful implementation of some needle and syringe exchange programmes in prison.
Druge ovire za prejemanje nadomestnega zdravljenja v zaporih, o katerih poročajo države članice, so pomanjkanje regulativnega okvira za začetek njegovega izvajanja (Finska) in zahteva po plačilu zdravljenja (francoska skupnost v Belgiji).
42) See Figure HSR-2 in the 2009 statistical bulletin.43) See Table HSR-7 in the 2009 statistical bulletin.
) Glej prikaz HSR-2 v Statističnem biltenu 2009.) Glej preglednico HSR-7 v Statističnem biltenu 2009.
Cannabis can be cultivated in a wide range of environments and grows wild in many parts of the world.
Konopljo je mogoče gojiti v zelo različnih okoljih, v naravi pa raste v številnih delih sveta.
It is currently estimated that cannabis is cultivated in 172 countries and territories (UNODC, 2009) (44).
Trenutno se ocenjuje, da jo gojijo v 172 državah in ozemljih (UNODC, 2009) (44).
These facts taken together mean that it is difficult to produce accurate estimates of the worldwide production of cannabis.
Ta dejstva skupaj pomenijo, da je zelo težko natančno oceniti njeno svetovno proizvodnjo. UNDOC (2009) ocenjuje, da je svetovna proizvodnja marihuane leta 2008 znašala med 13 300 in 66 100 ton.
Cannabis cultivation in Europe is widespread and possibly increasing (Korf, 2008).
Gojenje konoplje v Evropi je zelo razširjeno in verjetno narašča (Korf, 2008).
In 2007, 19 European countries mentioned domestic cannabis cultivation, though the scale of the phenomenon seems to vary considerably.
Leta 2007 je podalo navedbe o domači proizvodnji konoplje 19 evropskih držav, čeprav se zdi, da se obseg tega pojava zelo razlikuje.
A significant proportion of cannabis used in Europe is, nevertheless, likely to be the result of intra-regional trafficking.
Velik del konoplje, ki se uživa v Evropi, verjetno vseeno izvira iz trgovine med regijami.
Herbal cannabis in Europe is also imported, mostly from Africa (e.g. Nigeria, Morocco, Ghana, South Africa)
Uživanje konoplje v Evropi se je v zadnjem desetletju močno spremenilo, kakor tudi razprava o tem, kako se pravilno odzvati na razširjenost te droge.
The use of cannabis in Europe has evolved considerably over the last decade, as has the debate on how to respond appropriately to the widespread use of this drug.
V prvi polovici devetdesetih let prejšnjega stoletja se je z veliko razširjenostjo spoprijemalo nekaj držav, medtem ko so bile povprečne evropske ravni uživanja v primerjavi z današnjimi standardi nizke.
In the early and mid-1990s, a few countries stood out as having a high prevalence, whereas the European norm was levels of use which, by today’s standards, were low.
V večini držav je uživanje konoplje naraslo v devetdesetih letih prejšnjega in na začetku tega stoletja, posledica tega pa je današnje precej manj raznoliko stanje v Evropi, čeprav med nekaterimi državami ostajajo še vedno pomembne razlike.
In most countries, cannabis use increased during the 1990s and early 2000s, and this has resulted today in a less varied European picture, even if important differences between countries still exist.
Evropa morda prehaja v novo fazo, saj podatki iz raziskave med prebivalstvom in raziskave med šolsko mladino kažejo na ustalitev ali celo upad uživanja.
Moreover, the last few years have seen a growing understanding of the public health implications of the long-term and widespread use of this drug, and rising reported levels of treatment demand for cannabis related problems.
V primerjavi s preteklimi standardi pa ostajajo ravni uživanja visoke.
Europe may now be moving into a new phase, as data from general population and school surveys point to a stabilising or even decreasing situation.
Vprašanje, kaj je učinkovit odziv na uporabo konoplje, pa ostaja ključno v evropski razpravi o drogah.
Levels of use remain high by historical standards, however; and what constitutes an effective response to cannabis use remains a key question in the European debate on drugs.
Marihuana se v Evropo tudi uvaža, predvsem iz Afrike (npr. iz Nigerije, Maroka, Gane, Južne Afrike) ter manj pogosto iz jugozahodne Azije (Pakistana) in obeh Amerik (Jamajke) (INCB, 2009a).
Table 2: Production, seizures, price and potency of herbal cannabis and resin
Preglednica 2: Proizvodnja, zasegi, cena in moč marihuane in hašiša
Global production estimate (tonnes)
Ocena svetovne proizvodnje (v tonah)
Global quantities seized (tonnes)
Svetovne zasežene količine (v tonah)
Number of seizures EU and Norway (Including Croatia and Turkey)
Število zasegov v EU in na Norveškem (skupaj s Hrvaško in Turčijo)
Mean retail price (EUR per gram) Range
Povprečna maloprodajna cena (EUR za gram) Razpon
Range of mean potency (THC content)
Razpon povprečne moči (vsebnost THC)
Range of the middle half of the reported mean prices.All data for 2007, except global production estimates which are for 2008.UNODC World drug report (2009) for global values, Reitox national focal points for European data.
Vsi podatki so za leto 2007, razen ocen svetovne proizvodnje, ki se nanašajo na leto 2008. Svetovno poročilo o drogah UNODC (2009) za svetovne vrednosti, Nacionalne kontaktne točke Reitox za evropske podatke.
) For information on the sources of data for drug supply and availability, see p. 39.
) Za informacije o virih podatkov za ponudbo in razpoložljivost drog glej str. 39.
Chapter 3: Cannabis and less often from south-west Asia (Pakistan) and the Americas (Jamaica) (INCB, 2009a).
Ponudba in razpoložljivost drog: podatki in viri
Seizures of cannabis plants have increased steadily since 2002, reaching an estimated 15 000 cases in 2007.
Sistematične in redne informacije, ki opisujejo trge s prepovedanimi drogami in trgovanje z drogami, so še vedno omejene.
Countries report the quantity seized either as the number of plants or as an estimate of the weight. The number of plants seized was 2.4 million, a figure that has been relatively stable over the past 2 years, up from about 1.5 million in 2002.
Ocene o proizvodnji heroina, kokaina in konoplje izhajajo iz ocen o gojenju, ki temeljijo na terenskem delu (vzorčenje na terenu) ter posnetkih iz zraka in satelitskih posnetkih.
The weight of plants seized has increased markedly over the period and reached 27 tonnes in 2007, of which 25 tonnes were reported by Spain.
Te ocene imajo nekaj pomembnih omejitev, na primer razlike v podatkih o pridelku ali težave pri nadzoru pridelkov, kot je konoplja, ki se lahko gojijo v zaprtih prostorih ali ki niso omejeni na določena geografska območja.
Global production of cannabis resin in 2008 is estimated at between 2 200 tonnes and 9 900 tonnes (UNODC, 2009), with Morocco continuing to be the main producer.
Svetovna proizvodnja hašiša je leta 2008 po ocenah znašala med 2 200 in 9 900 ton (UNODC, 2009), pri čemer je Maroko še vedno glavni proizvajalec.
The area under cannabis resin production is reported to have declined from 134 000 hectares to 76 400 hectares between 2003 and 2005 (UNODC and Government of Morocco, 2007).
Površina, na kateri se proizvaja hašiš, se je med letoma 2003 in 2005 zmanjšala s 134 000 na 76 400 hektarjev (UNODC in vlada Maroka, 2007).
Resin production is also reported in other countries, including Afghanistan and Pakistan (UNODC, 2009).
O proizvodnji hašiša poročajo tudi iz drugih držav, med njimi Afganistana in Pakistana (UNODC, 2009).
Cannabis resin produced in Morocco is typically smuggled into Europe via the Iberian Peninsula and the Netherlands, being then further distributed to other European countries.
Hašiš, proizveden v Maroku, se običajno pretihotapi v Evropo prek Iberskega polotoka in Nizozemske ter se nato prodaja naprej v druge evropske države.
The potency of cannabis products is determined by their content of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary active constituent.
Leta 2007 je bilo po vsem svetu zaseženih približno 5 600 ton marihuane in 1 300 ton hašiša, kar na splošno pomeni približno 10-odstotno povečanje v primerjavi s prejšnjim letom.
Cannabis potency varies widely between and within countries, and between different cannabis products. Information on cannabis potency is
Največ marihuane je bilo še vedno zasežene v Severni Ameriki (66 %), medtem ko je bilo največ hašiša še vedno zaseženega v zahodni in srednji Evropi (66 %) (UNODC, 2009).
Drug supply and availability: data and sources
Zasegi drog pogosto štejejo kot posredni kazalec njene ponudbe, trgovskih poti in razpoložljivosti.
In 2007, an estimated 5 600 tonnes of herbal cannabis and 1 300 tonnes of cannabis resin were seized worldwide, an overall increase of about 10 % over the previous year.
So bolj neposreden kazalec dejavnosti kazenskega pregona na področju drog (npr. prednostnih nalog, virov, strategij), obenem pa izražajo prakse poročanja in vpliv, ki ga imajo uvedeni ukrepi na trgovce z drogami.
North America continued to account for the bulk of herbal cannabis seized (66 %), while quantities of resin seized remained concentrated in western and central Europe (66 %) (UNODC, 2009).
Za razumevanje maloprodajnih trgov z drogami je mogoče analizirati tudi podatke o čistosti ali moči ter maloprodajne cene prepovedanih drog. Vendar pa je lahko razpoložljivost teh vrst podatkov omejena, zanesljivost in primerljivost pa sta lahko vprašljivi.
In Europe, an estimated 241 000 seizures of herbal cannabis, amounting to 96 tonnes, were made in
Pri tem so lahko v pomoč obveščevalne informacije organov kazenskega pregona.
Systematic and routine information to describe illicit drug markets and trafficking is still limited.
Center zbira nacionalne podatke o zasegih drog, čistosti in maloprodajnih cenah v Evropi.
Production estimates of heroin, cocaine and cannabis are obtained from cultivation estimates based on fieldwork (sampling on the ground) and aerial or satellite surveys.
Drugi podatki o ponudbi drog so večinoma iz informacijskih sistemov UNODC in analiz, ki jih dopolnjujejo dodatne informacije iz Europola.
These estimates have some important limitations, linked for instance with variations in yield figures or with the difficulty of monitoring crops such as cannabis, which may be grown indoors or are not restricted to certain geographical areas.
Informacije o predhodnih sestavinah za droge zagotavljata Evropska komisija, ki zbira podatke o zasegih teh snovi v EU, in INCB, ki sodeluje v mednarodnih pobudah za preprečevanje zlorabe predhodnih sestavin, ki se uporabljajo pri proizvodnji prepovedanih drog.
The number of seizures has more than doubled between 2002 and 2007.
Število zasegov se je med letoma 2002 in 2007 več kot podvojilo.
The amount of herbal cannabis seized halved during the first 2 years of this period thereafter increasing, though remaining well below the 130 tonnes seized in 2002.
Količina zasežene marihuane se je v prvih dveh letih tega obdobja prepolovila, nato pa se je povečevala, čeprav je ostala pod količino 130 ton, zaseženih leta 2002.
The highest number of seizures of herbal cannabis was reported by the United Kingdom, accounting for approximately half of the total in 2005 and 2006.
Združeno kraljestvo je poročalo o največ zasegih marihuane, ki pomenijo približno polovico vseh zasegov v letih 2005 in 2006.
Turkey (25.5 tonnes) and Belgium (12.8 tonnes) reported record seizures in 2007.
Turčija (25,5 tone) in Belgija (12,8 tone) sta poročali o rekordnih zasegih v letu 2007.
Data on purity or potency and retail prices of illicit drugs may also be analysed in order to understand retail drug markets. However, the availability of this type of data may be limited and there may be questions of reliability and comparability.
Podatki in ocene iz tega poročila so najboljše možne približne ocene, vendar jih je treba razlagati previdno, ker v številnih delih sveta primanjkuje dobrih informacijskih sistemov v zvezi s ponudbo drog.
Intelligence information from law enforcement agencies may help complete the picture.
v letu 2002. Teža zaseženih rastlin se je v tem obdobju izrazito povečala in je leta 2007 znašala 27 ton, od tega je Španija poročala o 25 tonah.
The EMCDDA collects national data on drug seizures, purity and retail prices in Europe.
Leta 2007 je bilo opravljenih približno 325 000 zasegov hašiša, to je 859 ton prestrežene droge, kar pomeni, da je količina zaseženega hašiša skoraj devetkrat večja.
Other data on drug supply comes from UNODC’s information systems and analyses, complemented by additional information from Europol.
Med letoma 2002 in 2007 se je število zasegov hašiša povečevalo, čeprav je zasežena količina v tem obdobju nihala.
Information on drug precursors is obtained from the European Commission, which collects data on seizures of these substances in the EU, and the INCB, which is involved in international initiatives to prevent the diversion of precursor chemicals used in the manufacture of illicit drugs.
Španija je poročala o nekaj več kot polovici vseh zasegov hašiša in približno treh četrtinah zasežene količine v letu 2007, pri čemer so bile rekordne količine hašiša zasežene v Belgiji (59 ton), na Portugalskem (43 ton) in v Turčiji (6 ton).
The data and estimates presented in this report are the best approximations available, but must be interpreted with caution, as many parts of the world still lack sophisticated information systems related to drug supply.
Države zaseženo količino sporočijo kot število rastlin ali kot ocenjeno težo. Število zaseženih rastlin je bilo 2,4 milijona, pri čemer je ta številka v zadnjih dveh letih razmeroma stabilna in je narasla z 1,5 milijona
In 2007, about 325 000 seizures of cannabis resin were made, resulting in the interception of 859 tonnes of the drug, almost nine times the quantity of herbal cannabis seized.
Moč proizvodov iz konoplje se določi glede na vsebnost delta-9-tetrahidrokanabiola (THC), ki je glavna aktivna snov. Moč konoplje se med državami in znotraj držav, pa tudi med različnimi proizvodi iz konoplje, močno razlikuje.
Between 2002 and 2007, the number of cannabis resin seizures increased, though the amount seized fluctuated over the same period.
Informacije o moči konoplje temeljijo predvsem na forenzični analizi zasežene konoplje, izbrane na podlagi vzorcev.
Just over half of the total number of cannabis resin seizures and around three quarters of the quantity seized in 2007 were reported by Spain, while record quantities of cannabis resin were seized by Belgium (59 tonnes), Portugal (43 tonnes) and Turkey (6 tonnes).
Ker ni jasno, koliko analizirani vzorci izražajo stanje na celotnem trgu, je treba podatke o moči razlagati previdno. Leta 2007 je nacionalna povprečna vsebnost THC v hašišu po poročanju znašala od 2,9 do 13,3 %.
) The data on European drug seizures mentioned in this chapter can be found in Tables SZR-1 to SZR-6 in the 2009 statistical bulletin. )
) Podatki o zasegih drog v Evropi, navedeni v tem poglavju, so na voljo v preglednicah od SZR-1 do SZR-6 v Statističnem biltenu 2009. )
Due to differences in shipment size and distances travelled, as well as the need to cross international borders, cannabis resin could be more at risk of being seized than domestically produced herbal cannabis.
Zaradi razlik v velikosti pošiljk in prepotovanih razdaljah ter potrebe po prečkanju mednaodnih meja je pri hašišu tveganje, da bo zasežen, večje kot pri marihuani domače proizvodnje.
Annual report 2009: the state of the drugs problem in Europe include those using the drug more regularly, though not necessarily in an intensive way.
Letno poročilo 2009: stanje na področju problematike drog v Evropi
Population surveys: an important tool for understanding drug use patterns and trends in Europe
Uživanje konoplje med mlajšimi odraslimi osebami
Drug use in the general or school population can be measured through representative surveys, which provide estimates of the proportion of individuals that report having used specific drugs over defined periods of time.
Uživanje konoplje je izrazito prisotno med mladimi (15 do 34 let), o najvišjih ravneh uživanja v lanskem letu pa se na splošno poroča med osebami, starimi od 15 do 24 let.
Surveys also provide useful contextual information on patterns of use, sociodemographic characteristics of users and perceptions of risks and availability.
To drži za skoraj vse evropske države, razen za Portugalsko (48).
mostly based on forensic analysis of cannabis seized, selected on a sample basis.
Raziskave med prebivalstvom: pomembno orodje za razumevanje vzorcev in trendov uporabe drog v Evropi
The mean potency of herbal cannabis, excluding home-grown sinsemilla (‘nederwiet’) in the Netherlands, ranged from 1.2 % to 10.2 %.
Povprečna moč marihuane, z izjemo doma gojene sinsemille („nederwiet“) na Nizozemskem, je znašala med 1,2 in 10,2 %.
Over the period 2002–07, the reported mean potency of resin and herbal cannabis remained stable or decreased in most of the 16 European countries for which this analysis could be made.
V obdobju 2002–2007 je povprečna moč hašiša in marihuane po poročanju ostala nespremenjena ali pa se je zmanjšala v večini od 16 evropskih držav, za katere je bilo mogoče opraviti analizo.
However, upward trends in the mean THC content of cannabis resin were registered in Portugal and Luxembourg.
Vendar pa so na Portugalskem in v Luksemburgu ugotovili naraščajoče trende glede povprečne vsebnosti THC v hašišu.
Increases in the potency of herbal cannabis were observed in five other countries.
O povečanju moči marihuane je poročalo še pet drugih držav.
Information on the potency of locally produced herbal cannabis over a number of years is available only for the Netherlands, where a recent decline in the mean potency of nederwiet was observed, from a peak of 20.3 % in 2004 to 16.0 % in 2006, remaining at that level in 2007 (47).
Podatki o moči lokalno proizvedene marihuane za več let so na voljo samo za Nizozemsko, kjer je bilo ugotovljeno nedavno zmanjšanje povprečne moči nederwieta, z najvišje vrednosti 20,3 % leta 2004 na 16 % leta 2006, pri čemer je ostala na tej ravni tudi leta 2007 (47).
The EMCDDA, in close collaboration with national experts, has developed a set of core items for use in adult surveys (the ‘European Model Questionnaire’, EMQ). This protocol has now been implemented in most EU Member States.
Uporabo drog med širšo ali šolsko populacijo je mogoče izmeriti z reprezentativnimi raziskavami, ki zagotavljajo ocene deleža posameznikov, ki poročajo o uživanju določenih drog v opredeljenem obdobju.
However, there are still differences in the methodology used and year of data collection, and this means that small differences, in particular between countries, should be interpreted with caution.
Raziskave zagotavljajo tudi koristne informacije o vzorcih uživanja, sociodemografskih lastnostih uživalcev ter zaznavanjih tveganj in razpoložljivosti.
Surveys are expensive to conduct and few European countries collect information each year, although many collect it at intervals of two to four years.
Center je v tesnem sodelovanju z nacionalnimi strokovnjaki pripravil sklop skupnih osrednjih elementov za raziskave med odraslimi („evropski vzorčni vprašalnik“, EMQ).
In this report, data is presented based on the most recent survey available in each country, which in most cases is between 2004 and 2007.
Vendar pa med državami še vedno obstajajo razlike v zvezi z uporabljeno metodologijo in letom zbiranja podatkov, to pa pomeni, da je treba majhne razlike, zlasti med državami, razlagati previdno.
The mean retail price of cannabis resin, in 2007, ranged from EUR 3 to EUR 11 per gram in the 18 countries providing information, with half of them reporting values between EUR 5 and EUR 9.
Leta 2007 je povprečna maloprodajna cena hašiša znašala od 3 do 11 EUR za gram v 18 državah, ki so predložile podatke, pri čemer je polovica teh držav poročala o cenah med 5 in 9 EUR.
The mean retail price of herbal cannabis ranged between EUR 1 and EUR 12 per gram in the 17 countries supplying information, with about half of them reporting prices of between EUR 4 and EUR 9.
Povprečna maloprodajna cena marihuane je znašala med 1 in 12 EUR za gram v 17 državah, ki so posredovale podatke, od teh jih je približno polovica poročala o cenah med 4 in 9 EUR.
For the 11 countries with data covering the period 2002–07, the mean retail price of cannabis resin, corrected for inflation, declined.
V 11 državah, ki so predložile podatke za obdobje 2002–2007, se je povprečna maloprodajna cena hašiša (popravljena glede na inflacijo) znižala.
Over the same period, the data available for herbal cannabis point to a more stable situation.
Ker je izvajanje raziskav drago, le malo evropskih držav podatke zbira vsako leto, čeprav jih veliko zbira podatke v presledkih dveh do štirih let.
Cannabis use among the general population
Uživanje konoplje med širšo javnostjo