natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
European countries report, on average, limited provision of selective prevention, with most interventions targeting young offenders, vulnerable families and ethnic groups.
V zvezi s programom Unplugged, ki traja 12 učnih ur, so po enem letu poročali o pomembnem zmanjšanju tveganja za uporabo tobaka, alkohola in konoplje.
Overall, the data indicate that the coverage of selective prevention has not increased in recent years.
Cilj tega programa je spremeniti normativna prepričanja o uporabi snovi ob hkratnem učenju veščin iz vsakdanjega življenja in zagotavljanju informacij o snoveh.
There may be some exceptions to this observation, such as interventions for vulnerable families in some countries and FreD, a¢systematic intervention protocol for young offenders, which is now implemented in over a third of EU Member States.
Pri spremljanju rezultatov po 18 mesecih so bili ugotovljeni tudi dolgotrajni koristni učinki, kar zadeva priložnostno opijanje in pogosto uporabo konoplje v zadnjih 30 dneh, medtem ko so kratkoročni učinki v zvezi z dnevnim kajenjem cigaret izzveneli (Faggiano idr., 2010).
A mediation analysis showed that outcomes on cannabis use were mostly due to the correction of normative beliefs, of positive expectancies towards the substance and of positive attitudes towards illicit drugs.
Pri analizi mediacije se je izkazalo, da so bili rezultati v zvezi z uporabo konoplje povezani predvsem s spremembo normativnih prepričanj, pozitivnih pričakovanj v zvezi s snovjo in pozitivnega odnosa do prepovedanih drog.
Strengthening skills in communication, decision-making and refusal was less effective.
Krepitev komunikacijskih spretnosti, sprejemanja odločitev in zavračanja je bila manj učinkovita.
European and American researchers are now conducting parallel analyses with EU-DAP and other data in order to understand how children and adolescents respond to prevention in different contexts.
Evropski in ameriški raziskovalci zdaj opravljajo vzporedne analize podatkov iz študije EU-DAP in drugih podatkov, da bi razumeli, kako se otroci in najstniki odzivajo na preprečevanje v različnih okoliščinah.
The differential influence of gender, social context and psychological characteristics are particularly explored.
Predvsem se proučujejo diferencialni vplivi spola, socialnega okolja in psiholoških značilnosti.
influenced by several factors, including the organisation of the national healthcare system.
) Zato je bilo ustanovljeno Evropsko društvo za raziskave na področju preprečevanja (European Society for Prevention Research).
Indicated prevention aims to identify individuals with behavioural or psychological problems that may be predictive for developing substance use problems later in life, and to target them individually with special interventions.
Namen indiciranega preprečevanja je opredelitev posameznikov z vedenjskimi ali psihološkimi težavami, ki lahko nakazujejo razvoj težav z uporabo snovi pozneje v življenju, in njihova individualna obravnava s posebnimi ukrepi.
Indicated prevention programmes are usually evaluated, and often show high levels of effectiveness (EMCDDA, 2009c).
Programi indiciranega preprečevanja se po navadi ocenjujejo in pogosto kažejo visoke ravni učinkovitosti (EMCDDA, 2009c).
Information on an important subgroup of this population is, however, gathered by the EMCDDA’s treatment demand indicator, which collects data on those entering specialised drug treatment services¢(11).
Na splošno so ukrepi na tem področju še vedno omejeni.
In Europe, the main modalities used for the treatment of drug problems are psychosocial interventions, opioid substitution and detoxification. The relative importance of the different treatment modalities in each country is
Šest držav poroča o ukrepih za otroke z motnjami pozornosti/s hiperaktivnostjo ali motečim vedenjem, deset držav pa o zgodnjem ukrepanju in svetovanju posameznikom, ki so začeli uporabljati droge.
Based on a range of different sources, including the treatment demand indicator, a conservative estimate is that 1 million people received treatment for illicit drug use in the European Union during 2007. Of these, more than half
Pred kratkim je bil na Nizozemskem razvit program „Cannabis show“, ki temelji na obstoječem programu za preprečevanje uporabe konoplje (zabavno medsebojno izobraževanje mladih) in se izvaja na šoli za mlade z vedenjskimi motnjami in drugimi psihičnimi težavami.
Annual report 2010: the state of the drugs problem in Europe
Letno poročilo 2010: stanje na področju problematike drog v Evropi zdravljenju, s katerim se zbirajo podatki o osebah, ki se vključijo v storitve specializiranega zdravljenja zaradi odvisnosti od drog(11
The number of older drug users in Europe is predicted to double between 2001 and 2020 and adequate and innovative approaches will be required for the treatment and care of this growing population.
Dolge čakalne dobe za zdravljenje zaradi drog so lahko ena od posledic ovir pri dostopu do zdravljenja.
This estimate of drug treatment in the European Union, though in need of refinement, suggests a considerable level of treatment provision. It also highlights the great increases that have taken place in treatment provision since the mid-1990s, when greater availability and better access to drug treatment became priorities of drug policy.
Po previdnih ocenah, ki temeljijo na različnih virih, vključno s kazalnikom povpraševanja po zdravljenju, se je v Evropski uniji v letu2007 zaradi uporabe prepovedanih drog zdravilo milijon ljudi.
Several countries scaled up their substitution treatment by involving additional service providers, such as general practitioners.
Več kot polovica jih je bila deležna nadomestnega zdravljenja z opioidi.
As a result, the number receiving substitution treatment in Europe has grown almost 10-fold since 1993¢(12).
Skoraj 80% uporabnikov drog, ki so se zdravili, je bilo v Nemčiji, Španiji, Franciji, Italiji in Združenem kraljestvu.
of these drug users entered treatment in specialised drug treatment services, and only a few countries reported on those entering treatment with a general practitioner or in lowthreshold services.
Na voljo so informacije o približno 383000uporabnikih drog v Evropi, ki so se leta2008 začeli zdraviti izvenbolnišnično.
More than half of the treatment entrants (53¢%) report opioids, mainly heroin, as their primary drug, while 22¢% report cannabis and
Večina teh uporabnikov drog se je vključila v storitve specializiranega zdravljenja zaradi odvisnosti, samo nekaj držav pa je poročalo o osebah, ki so se začele zdraviti pri splošnem zdravniku ali so uporabljale nizkopražne storitve.
The remaining clients are referred through social and health services or informal networks, including family and friends¢(14).
Druge uporabnike storitev na zdravljenje napotijo socialne in zdravstvene službe ali neformalne mreže, vključno z družinskimi člani in prijatelji(14).
While it has become more available in many countries, there are still barriers impeding or discouraging drug users from accessing either drug treatment or some of its modalities.
To oceno zdravljenja zaradi odvisnosti od drog v Evropski uniji bi bilo sicer treba izpopolniti, a kaže na precejšnjo raven zagotavljanja zdravljenja.
These barriers include regulations such as stringent admission criteria and legal frameworks, treatment costs for patients, lack of trained staff or low geographical density of treatment providers.
Iz nje je tudi razvidno, da se je zagotavljanje zdravljenja od sredine devetdesetih let zelo povečalo, saj sta večja razpoložljivost in boljša dostopnost zdravljenja zaradi drog postali prednostni nalogi politike na področju drog.
Other obstacles faced by drug users in need of treatment include inadequate opening hours, requirement of daily attendance and lack of childcare support (e.g.¢during inpatient treatment), which conflict with their personal and professional situation.
V preteklih dveh desetletjih se je povečalo število specializiranih izvenbolnišničnih storitev, razvili pa so se tudi terenski in nizkopražni pristopi.
Personal beliefs and preconceptions, among both professionals and drug users, regarding the appropriateness, effects and results of specific treatment approaches can also impede treatment access.
Več držav je izboljšalo nadomestno zdravljenje, tako da so vanj vključile dodatne ponudnike storitev, na primer splošne zdravnike.
Extended waiting times for drug treatment can be one of the consequences of barriers to treatment access.
Posledično se je število oseb, deležnih nadomestnega zdravljenja, v Evropi od leta 1993 povečalo za skoraj desetkrat(12).
According to information provided by national experts in 2008, limited availability of treatment and lack of resources, as well as delays due to procedural reasons, are the main causes for the existing waiting times, which differ between treatment modalities (see below).
Spremembe pri zagotavljanju zdravljenja so spodbudile tudi nove skupine odjemalcev, na primer uporabniki konoplje in poživil, ki so se v zadnjih 15letih vse bolj vključevali v zdravljenje.
Clients entering outpatient treatment are predominantly young men, with an average age of 31 years and males four times as numerous as females.
V izvenbolnišničnih okoljih se začnejo zdraviti v glavnem mladi moški, stari povprečno 31 let, ki jih je štirikrat več kot žensk.
Clients entering treatment for the first time and female clients are on average slightly younger.
Uporabniki storitev, ki se začnejo zdraviti prvič, in uporabnice storitev so v povprečju malo mlajši.
Younger average ages are also reported for cannabis clients (25) and those using stimulants other than cocaine (29), while older mean ages are reported for primary users of cocaine (32) and opioids (34).
O nižjih povprečnih starostih se poroča tudi pri uporabnikih storitev, ki se zdravijo zaradi konoplje (25), in pri tistih, ki uporabljajo poživila, razen kokaina (29), medtem ko se o višjih povprečnih starostih poroča pri primarnih
On average, the youngest drug clients are reported by the Czech Republic (26) and the oldest by Spain (33)¢(15).
„Izbrano vprašanje“ Centra o zdravljenju in oskrbi starejših uporabnikov drog
Male to female ratios are highest among cannabis (5:1) and cocaine (4.8:1) clients and lowest for those using stimulants other than cocaine (2.2:1).
„Izbrano vprašanje“, ki ga je Center objavil letos, je namenjeno proučevanju razvoja in vzrokov tega pojava staranja v preteklih dveh desetletjih.
Regardless of the primary drug, gender ratios are highest in countries in the south of Europe and lowest in countries in the north¢(16).
Predstavljene so tudi zdravstvene in socialne značilnosti starejših uporabnikov drog, da bi opredelili njihove trenutne potrebe.
Information is available on about 383¢000 drug users entering outpatient treatment in Europe during 2008. Most
To „izbrano vprašanje“ je (samo v angleškem jeziku) na voljo v tiskani obliki in na spletišču Centra.
The two main modalities of outpatient treatment in Europe are psychosocial interventions and opioid substitution treatment.
Med drugimi ovirami, s katerimi se spoprijemajo uporabniki drog, ki potrebujejo zdravljenje, so neustrezen delovni čas, zahteva glede dnevne udeležbe in nepodpiranje otroškega varstva (na primer med bolnišničnim zdravljenjem), kar je v nasprotju z osebnim ali poklicnim položajem uporabnikov drog.
See Figure HSR-2 in the 2010 statistical bulletin.See Table TDI-19 in the 2010 statistical bulletin.
Glej prikaz HSR-2 v statističnem biltenu 2010.)
See Table TDI-16 in the 2010 statistical bulletin.See Tables TDI-10 and TDI-103 in the 2010 statistical bulletin.See Table TDI-21 in the 2010 statistical bulletin.
Glej preglednico TDI-19 v statističnem biltenu 2010. ) Glej preglednico TDI-16 v statističnem biltenu 2010.
Chapter 2: Responding to drug problems in Europe — an overview substitution treatment varies from less than 3.5 months in Dublin to 18 months in the south-east (Comptroller and Auditor General, 2009).
Na primer, na Irskem je povprečna čakalna doba za nadomestno zdravljenje od manj kot 3,5meseca v Dublinu do 18mesecev na jugovzhodu (glavni nadzornik in revizor, Comptroller and Auditor General, 2009).
Experts from four countries could not provide an estimate of waiting times.
Strokovnjaki iz štirih držav niso mogli zagotoviti ocen čakalnih dob.
Inpatient treatment to users as they attempt to manage and overcome their drug problems.
Glavna načina izvenbolnišničnega zdravljenja v Evropi sta psihosocialni ukrepi in nadomestno zdravljenje z opioidi, ki se pri uporabnikih opioidov pogosto uporabljata kombinirano.
These interventions include counselling, motivational enhancement, cognitivebehavioural therapy, case management, group and family therapy and relapse prevention.
Vključujejo svetovanje, izboljšanje motivacije, kognitivno-vedenjsko terapijo, vodenje primera, skupinsko in družinsko terapijo ter preprečevanje ponovne uporabe.
They are mostly provided, depending on the country, by public institutions or by non-governmental organisations.
Te ukrepe v glavnem zagotavljajo javne ustanove ali nevladne organizacije, odvisno od države.
In 2008, experts from nine of the 27¢reporting countries estimated that there is no waiting time for this type of treatment.
Strokovnjaki iz devetih od 27 držav poročevalk so ocenili, da za to vrsto zdravljenja ni čakalnih dob.
In 10 other countries national experts estimated that average waiting times are no longer than one month.
V desetih državah so nacionalni strokovnjaki ocenili, da povprečne čakalne dobe niso daljše od enega meseca.
In Norway, the average waiting time is estimated to be 10 weeks, while Denmark requires by law that treatment takes place within 14 days.
Na Norveškem je povprečna čakalna doba po ocenah deset tednov, na Danskem pa je z zakonom predpisano, da se mora zdravljenje začeti v 14 dneh.
Experts from seven countries could not provide an estimate.
Strokovnjaki iz sedmih držav niso mogli zagotoviti ocen.
Data are available for about 42¢000 drug users who have entered drug treatment in inpatient settings in Europe during 2008.
Na voljo so podatki o približno 42000 uporabnikih drog v Evropi, ki so se v letu 2008 začeli zdraviti bolnišnično.
More than half of them report opioids as their principal drug (57¢%), with most of the other clients identifying their principal drug as either cannabis (13¢%), stimulants other than cocaine (13¢%) or cocaine (7¢%).
Več kot polovica uporabnikov storitev kot primarno drogo navaja opioide (57%), večina drugih pa konopljo (13%), poživila, razen kokaina, (13%) in kokain (7%).
Inpatient clients are mainly young men, with a mean age of 30 years and a male to female ratio of 3.5:1¢(20).
Uporabniki storitev bolnišničnega zdravljenja so v glavnem mladi moški, stari v povprečju 30let.
Substitution treatment is the predominant treatment option for opioid users in Europe.
Velikokrat je cilj teh programov omogočiti uporabnikom, da se vzdržijo drog, nadomestno zdravljenje pa ni dovoljeno.
It is generally provided in outpatient settings, though in some countries it is also available in inpatient settings and is increasingly provided in prisons¢(17).
Razstrupljanje od drog je kratkotrajen zdravniško nadzorovan ukrep za odpravo simptomov odtegnitve, povezanih s kronično uporabo drog, in je včasih pogoj za začetek dolgotrajnega na abstinenci temelječega bolnišničnega zdravljenja.
Opioid substitution is available in all EU Member States, as well as Croatia and Norway¢(18). In
Razstrupljanje se navadno zagotavlja kot bolnišnični ukrep v bolnišnicah, specialističnih centrih za zdravljenje ali bolnišničnih ustanovah z zdravstvenimi ali psihiatričnimi oddelki.
Inpatient or residential treatment requires clients to stay overnight for a duration of several weeks to several months.
Nadomestno zdravljenje je prevladujoča možnost zdravljenja za uporabnike opioidov v Evropi.
In many cases, these programmes aim to enable clients to abstain from drug use and do not allow substitution treatment. Drug detoxification, a short-term, medically supervised intervention aimed at resolving the withdrawal symptoms associated with chronic drug use, is sometimes a prerequisite to initiate long-term, abstinence-based inpatient treatment.
Na splošno se izvaja kot izvenbolnišnično zdravljenje, čeprav je v nekaterih državah na voljo tudi v bolnišničnem okolju, vedno pogosteje pa se zagotavlja tudi v zaporih(17).
Detoxification is usually provided as an inpatient intervention in hospitals, specialist treatment centres or residential facilities with medical or psychiatric wards.
Nadomestno zdravljenje z opioidi je na voljo v vseh državah članicah EU, pa tudi na Hrvaškem in Norveškem(18).
Turkey, substitution treatment has yet to be introduced, though it is permitted under a 2004 regulation on treatment centres.
V Turčiji še niso uvedli nadomestnega zdravljenja, čeprav je to dovoljeno v skladu z uredbo o centrih za zdravljenje iz leta 2004.
In most countries, specialised public outpatient services are the main providers of substitution treatment.
V večini držav so glavni izvajalci nadomestnega zdravljenja specializirane javne izvenbolnišnične službe.
However, office-based general practitioners, often in sharedcare arrangements with specialised centres, play an increasing role in the provision of this type of treatment.
Vendar imajo splošni zdravniki, pogosto v sodelovanju s specializiranimi centri z deljeno oskrbo, vse pomembnejšo vlogo pri zagotavljanju takega zdravljenja.
These providers are, at different levels, involved in 13 countries.
Ti izvajalci so v zdravljenje na različnih ravneh vključeni v 13 državah.
In 2008, about 670¢000 opioid users are estimated to have received substitution treatment in Europe¢(19
Ocenjuje se, da se je leta 2008 nadomestnega zdravljenja udeležilo približno 670000 uporabnikov opioidov v Evropi(19
A therapeutic community approach is often used in this context.
Strokovnjaki iz desetih od 26 držav poročevalk so ocenili, da za to vrsto zdravljenja ni čakalnih dob.
Inpatient drug treatment is also provided by psychiatric hospitals, notably for clients with co-morbid psychiatric disorders.
V štirih državah (Češka republika, Danska, Italija in Portugalska) je
Access to inpatient psychosocial treatment is rated as immediate by national experts from Greece, Hungary and Turkey. Experts estimate the average waiting time to be less than one month in 12 countries and 25 weeks in Norway.
Pri bolnišničnem zdravljenju se uporabnikom storitev zagotovita namestitev in individualno strukturirano psihosocialno zdravljenje, poleg tega pa sodelujejo v dejavnostih za ponovno vključitev v družbo.
In Austria, the waiting time is reported to be up to several months, depending on region and treatment facility.
Pri teh programih se pogosto uporablja pristop s terapevtskimi skupnostmi.
Experts from 10 countries did not provide an estimate of the waiting time for this type of treatment.
Bolnišnično zdravljenje odvisnosti od drog
In 11 countries, the estimated average waiting time is less than two weeks.
) Glej preglednici TDI-10 in TDI-103 v statističnem biltenu 2010.)
In four countries (Czech Republic, Denmark, Italy, Portugal), the average waiting time was estimated to be less than one month.
Glej preglednico TDI-21 v statističnem biltenu 2010.)
National average waiting times may, however, mask considerable regional variation.
Glej „Pomoč uporabnikom drog v zaporu“, str. 37.)
See ‘Assistance to drug users in prison’, p.¢37.See Tables HSR-1 and HSR-2 in the 2009 statistical bulletin.See Table HSR-3 in the 2010 statistical bulletin.
Glej preglednici HSR-1 in HSR-2 v statističnem biltenu 2009.) Glej preglednico HSR-3 v statističnem biltenu 2010.)
) See Tables TDI-7, TDI-10, TDI-19 and TDI-21 in the 2009 statistical bulletin.
Glej preglednice TDI-7, TDI-10, TDI-19 in TDI-21 v statističnem biltenu 2009.
Annual report 2010: the state of the drugs problem in Europe while in Ireland, Austria and Norway it is estimated at between one and three months.
Letno poročilo 2010: stanje na področju problematike drog v Evropi izvajajo tudi psihiatrične bolnišnice, zlasti pri uporabnikih storitev s hkratnimi duševnimi motnjami.
Experts from five countries did not provide an estimate.
državah poročevalkah od 22.
Almost all guidelines target treatment professionals (58) and service providers (52), and close to half of them target healthcare planners (25).
Skoraj vse smernice so namenjene strokovnjakom na področju zdravljenja (58) in ponudnikom storitev (52), skoraj polovica pa jih je namenjena načrtovalcem zdravstvenega varstva (25).
Portugal is the only country reporting guidelines targeting clients, while Denmark reports targeting policymakers.
Portugalska je edina država, ki poroča o smernicah, namenjenih uporabnikom storitev, medtem ko Danska poroča o smernicah za oblikovalce politik.
Treatment professionals were involved in developing the guidelines in 17 countries, and other professionals in four countries.
Strokovnjaki na področju zdravljenja so bili vključeni v razvoj smernic v 17 državah, drugi strokovnjaki pa v štirih državah.
Researchers also participated in nine countries, policymakers in three and clients in one.
V devetih državah so sodelovali tudi raziskovalci, v treh oblikovalci politik, v eni pa uporabniki storitev.
More information regarding national treatment guidelines is provided on the EMCDDA’s ‘Best practice portal’.
Več informacij v zvezi z nacionalnimi smernicami za zdravljenje je na voljo na „portalu najboljših praks” Centra.
Actions addressing the quality of drug treatment are currently being undertaken by most European countries.
Ukrepi v zvezi s kakovostjo zdravljenja zaradi odvisnosti od drog se trenutno izvajajo v večini evropskih držav.
These actions include the development and implementation of guidelines, the adoption of national drug action plans which address treatment quality issues, quality certification and accreditation processes, and studies investigating quality differences between treatment centres or benchmarking them.
Vključujejo razvoj in uresničevanje smernic, sprejetje nacionalnih akcijskih načrtov za boj proti drogam, ki zadevajo vprašanja kakovosti zdravljenja, certifikate kakovosti in akreditacijske postopke, ter študije za proučitev razlik v kakovosti centrov za zdravljenje ali primerjalno analizo teh centrov.
Harm reduction
Zmanjševanje škode
Recent developments include the implementation of guidelines for treatment quality in six countries, while Cyprus, Turkey and Norway have recently published such guidelines.
Nedavno so v šestih državah začeli izvajati smernice za kakovost zdravljenja, na Cipru, v Turčiji in na Norveškem pa so take smernice pred kratkim objavili.
Ten countries adopted new strategic documents, in some cases entailing accreditation systems.
Deset držav je sprejelo nove strateške dokumente, ki v nekaterih primerih vključujejo sisteme akreditacije.
Poland and Slovakia also introduced accreditation criteria for treatment centres, with Slovakia introducing ISO 9001 certification.
Tudi Poljska in Slovaška sta uvedli akreditacijska merila za centre za zdravljenje, pri čemer je Slovaška uvedla standard ISO 9001.
Four countries — Estonia, Latvia, the Netherlands and Romania — are investigating heterogeneity in the quality of service across their treatment system.
V štirih državah – v Estoniji, Latviji, na Nizozemskem in v Romuniji – raziskujejo razlike v kakovosti storitev pri sistemih zdravljenja.
The prevention and reduction of drugrelated harm is a¢public health objective in all Member States and in the EU drugs strategy¢(21).
Preprečevanje in zmanjševanje škode, povezane z drogami, je javnozdravstveni cilj vseh držav članic in strategije EU za boj proti drogam(21).
Reviews of the scientific evidence of harm-reduction interventions, as well as studies showing the combined impact of these interventions, are now also available for service planning (EMCDDA, 2010a).
Za načrtovanje storitev so zdaj na voljo tudi pregledi znanstvenih dokazov o ukrepih za zmanjševanje škode in študije o združenem učinku teh ukrepov (EMCDDA, 2010a).