natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Beyond strengthening communication between different religious groups, governmentscan also seek to establish dialogue structures between government and religiousrepresentatives.
Poleg krepitve komunikacije med različnimi verskimi skupinami si vlade lahko prizadevajo tudi za vzpostavitev dialoga med vlado in verskimi predstavniki.
For instance, in 1992 in the UK the government set up the Inner Cities Religious Council (ICRC), a body whichis chaired by a Government Minister andcomposed of representatives of Christian, Hindu, Jewish, Muslim and Sikh communities.The ICRC focuses on urban renewal and social inclusion and provides input to Home Office community cohesion policies. (www.neighbourhood.gov.uk/faith_communities.asp?pageid=169) There is also a
Na primer, leta je vlada v Združenem kraljestvu ustanovila Verski svet centrov mest (ICRC), organ, ki mu predseduje vladni minister in ga sestavljajo predstavniki krščanske, hindujske, muslimanske in sikhovske skupnosti. ICRC pozornost namenja prenovi mest in socialni vključenosti ter zagotavlja prispevek za politike kohezije skupnosti Ministrstva za notranje zadeve (www.neighbourhood.gov.uk/faith_communiti-es.asp?pageid=).
‘community cohesion faith practitioners group’ addressing similar issues.
Obstajajo različni modeli, in sicer vse od stroge laičnosti države do državne cerkve.
Different models exist across the spectrum from strict ‘laïcité’ to theexistence of a state church.
V več državah je postala razlika versko/posvetno tema razprav v zvezi z muslimanskimi državljani.
In several countries, the religious/secular distinction hasbecome a topic of discussion in relation to Muslim residents.
Pri razpravljanju o vlogi vere v javnem življenju je ključno, da so vsi udeleženci v razpravi dobro obveščeni.
In negotiating the role ofreligion in public life, it is essential that all participants in the debate are well informed.For instance, the French government will publish a ‘republican guide’ for distribution inschools, explaining the rules behind laïcité.
Na primer, francoska vlada bo izdala „republikanski vodič“, ki ga bo razdelila v šolah, v njem pa bodo razložena pravila v zvezi z laičnostjo države.
Conversely, knowledge about religion isessential for the government and for the public at large.
Znanje o veri je ključnega pomena tudi za vlado in širšo javnost.
All relevant stakeholders cancontribute by developing appropriate information materials and methods to strengthenthe knowledge of religions among government staff, journalists and the public, includingschool pupils.
Vse pomembne zainteresirane strani lahko prispevajo z razvijanjem ustreznega informacijskega materiala in metod za krepitev znanja o verah med vladnimi uslužbenci, novinarji in javnostjo, vključno z učenci v šolah.
Such programmes have so far been more frequent in the area of culture,and successful models could be adapted for the religious domain.
Takšni programi so bili do sedaj pogostejši na področju kulture, uspešne modele pa je mogoče prilagoditi za versko področje.
Participation in political processes is one of the most important elements of activecitizenship.
Udeležba v političnih procesih je eden izmed najpomembnejših elementov aktivnega državljanstva.
Political participation of immigrants provides opportunities for integrationand should be supported in its different forms, including acquisition of nationality, localelectoral rights and consultative structures.
Politična udeležba priseljencev zagotavlja možnosti za integracijo, zato jo je treba podpirati v njenih različnih oblikah, vključno s pridobivanjem državljanstva, volilno pravico na lokalni ravni in posvetovalnimi strukturami.
Political participation has many facets: activities such as voting, affiliation to politicalparties, following political debates in the news, participating in electoral campaigns,contacting politicians, writing letters to government representatives, and becoming acandidate in an election, among others.
Politična udeležba ima mnogo vidikov: med drugimi so to dejavnosti, kot so volitve, pridruževanje političnim strankam, spremljanje političnih razprav v novicah, udeležba v volilnih kampanjah, stiki s politiki, pisanje pisem vladnim predstavnikom in kandidiranje na volitvah.
Immigrants will attain the fullest degree of political rights if they become citizens of thecountry they reside in.
Priseljenci bodo pridobili največjo možno stopnjo političnih pravic, če postanejo državljani države, v kateri prebivajo.V zvezi s priseljenci, ki niso državljani, je del pozornosti namenjen konceptu civilnega državljanstva.
With regard to non-citizens, some attention has focused on theconcept of civic citizenship.
Civilno državljanstvo bi priseljencem pomagalo pri uspešnem vključevanju v družbo, hkrati pa bi pomenilo prvi korak v procesu pridobivanja državljanstva zadevne države članice.
In its November 2000 Communication on a Community Immigration Policy, the Commission defined civic citizenship as guaranteeing certain corerights and obligations to immigrants which they would acquire gradually over a period ofyears.
Komisija je ta koncept natančneje opredelila v Sporočilu o priseljevanju, integraciji in zaposlovanju junija , v katerem predlaga, da se vsem prebivalcem odobri pravica do glasovanja in kandidiranja vsaj na lokalnih volitvah.
Electoral rights
Volilna pravica
The representativeness and democratic legitimation of policies is enhanced by extendingformal political rights to immigrants.
Reprezentativnost in demokratična legitimacija politik se povečata, če so priseljencem podeljene formalne politične pravice.
Where formal rights exist, they need to be put intopractice with commitment from all sides including political parties.
Kjer formalne pravice obstajajo, jih je treba uresničiti s prizadevanjem vseh strani, vključno s političnimi strankami.
At the local levelin particular, electoral rights provide immigrants with political representation in decisionsthat affect their most immediate interest.
Zlasti na lokalni ravni volilna pravica priseljencem zagotavlja politično zastopanost pri odločitvah, ki vplivajo na njihove najbolj neposredne interese.
For instance, many immigrants are particularlyconcerned by policies in areas such as public housing, health services, and educationwhere municipal authorities tend to have strong competencies.
Na primer, mnogo priseljencev največ pozornosti namenja politikam na področjih, kot so javna stanovanja, zdravstvene storitve in izobraževanje, kjer imajo občinske oblasti običajno velike pristojnosti.
The majority of EUMember States have now granted some level of electoral rights to immigrants at thelocal level, with varying degrees of restriction.
Večina držav članic EU je priseljencem že odobrila določeno raven volilne pravice na lokalni ravni, in sicer z različnimi omejitvami.
Governments should grant electoral rights to all residents at least at local level andminimise obstacles to the use of these rights, such as fees or bureaucratic requirements.Immigrants can be encouraged to make use of electoral rights through informationcampaigns and capacity building, relying in particular on the networks offered byimmigrant organisations.
Vlade bi morale volilno pravico odobriti vsem prebivalcem vsaj na lokalni ravni in zmanjšati ovire za uporabo te pravice, kot so dajatve in birokratske zahteve. Priseljence je mogoče k uporabi volilne pravice spodbujati z informacijskimi kampanjami in izboljševanjem usposobljenosti, in sicer z zanašanjem zlasti na mreže, ki jih zagotavljajo priseljenske organizacije.
Ireland is a country where few limitations are placed with regard to local elections inthat the residence requirement is comparatively short (ordinary residence since 1September 2003 for the 11 June 2004 local election) and asylum seekers as well asrecognised refugees and immigrants of all nationalities can register to vote.
Irska je država, kjer v zvezi z lokalnimi volitvami velja malo omejitev, saj je obdobje stalnega prebivališča, potrebnega za pravico do volitev, relativno kratko (običajno prebivališče od . septembra za lokalne volitve . junija ) in v volilni imenik se lahko vpišejo prosilci za azil, pa tudi begunci s priznanim statusom ter priseljenci vseh narodnosti.
In Luxembourg, non-nationals acquire electoral rights after five years of residence (nonEU nationals can only vote, whereas EU nationals can also stand as candidates).
V Luksemburgu prebivalci, ki niso državljani, pridobijo volilno pravico po petih letih prebivanja (prebivalci držav, ki niso članice EU, lahko samo volijo, medtem ko lahko prebivalci držav, ki so članice EU, tudi kandidirajo).
Anational campaign was launched in 2003 to encourage foreigners to register on theelectoral rolls.
Leta je bila sprožena nacionalna kampanja za spodbujanje tujcev, da se vpišejo v volilne imenike.
This is not an automatic process and individuals must go to the town hallto register.
To ni samodejen postopek, saj se morajo posamezniki v mestni hiši vpisati sami.
A working group was created at the level of the Government Commissionfor Foreigners, including representatives of different departments and ministries as wellas nongovernmental organisations.
Na ravni vladne komisije za tujce je bila ustvarjena delovna skupina, ki vključuje predstavnike različnih oddelkov in ministrstev, pa tudi nevladnih organizacij.
Leaflets and posters were produced in differentlanguages.
Izdelani so bili letaki in plakati v različnih jezikih.
A successful strategy was found to be the targeting of influential individualsof foreign communities.
Pomembno je, da lahko kandidati priseljenci sodelujejo tudi pri horizontalnih vprašanjih, ne le pri vprašanjih v zvezi s priseljenci, kar bi lahko imelo učinek ločevanja.
Immigrant interest in voting grows with the presence of candidates who have animmigrant background. While immigrants can stand as independents (this was true forthe majority of immigrant candidates in the June 2004 local elections in Ireland),mainstream political parties are also called upon to actively encourage the participationof immigrant candidates.
(Nacionalni posvetovalni odbor o rasizmu in medkulturalizmu) sprožil Protokol proti rasizmu za politične stranke v zvezi z izvajanjem volilnih kampanj, ki so ga podpisale vse stranke v parlamentu (www.nccri.com/elections.html).
Political parties will see increased involvement of immigrants where they refrain fromusing anti-immigrant rhetoric in their public pronouncements.
Mnogo političnih strank spodbuja vključevanje priseljencev v družbo in njene ustanove, zanemarjajo pa dejstvo, da so same vzor za to, in potrebo po posebnih izobraževalnih programih in programih za pomoč v družbi.
Immigrants often have less accessto the financial resources and social networks that contribute to success in elections, andin most countries increased efforts are needed to support their participation.
Priseljenci imajo pogosto manj možnosti za dostop do finančnih sredstev in družbenih mrež, ki prispevajo k uspehu na volitvah, zato je treba v večini držav povečati trud za podporo njihovi udeležbi.
Consultative bodies
Posvetovalni organi
Consultative bodies at the local and national level have a potential to stimulate politicalparticipation by immigrants and to improve integration policies by communicating theviews of immigrant representatives to governmental and other stakeholders.
Posvetovalni organi na lokalni in nacionalni ravni imajo možnost, da spodbujajo politično udeležbo priseljencev in izboljšajo integracijske politike tako, da mnenja predstavnikov priseljencev sporočajo vladi in drugim zainteresiranim stranem.
Ideally theirwork is proactive and their members are supported in producing high qualitycontributions.
V idealnem primeru je njihovo delo proaktivno, njihove člane pa se podpira pri pripravi visokokakovostnih prispevkov.
Consultative structures grant only a low level of political rights, but they can besuccessful in encouraging the participation of immigrants in public life.
Posvetovalne strukture dodelijo le nizko raven političnih pravic, lahko pa so uspešne pri spodbujanju udeležbe priseljencev v javnem življenju.
At the local level,they can improve and harmonise relations between foreign residents and other sectorsof the community (authorities, administrative bodies, nationals).
Na lokalni ravni lahko izboljšajo in uskladijo odnose med tujimi prebivalci in drugimi sektorji skupnosti (oblastmi, upravnimi organi, državljani).
At the national level,governments may take into account immigrant opinions on draft bills or programmesrelated to integration.
Vlade lahko na nacionalni ravni upoštevajo mnenja priseljencev o zakonskih osnutkih ali programih, povezanih z integracijo.
Consultative structures exist in most European countries, withgovernments often taking the lead in setting them up.
Posvetovalne strukture obstajajo v večini evropskih držav, pri čemer so pogosto vlade tiste, ki jih ustanovijo.
For instance, in the Czech Republic the Commission of the Minister of Labour and Social Affairs plays the role ofan advisory and policy making body.
Na primer, na Češkem ima Komisija ministra za delo in socialne zadeve vlogo svetovalnega organa in organa za oblikovanje politike.
In Estonia, a Presidential Roundtable on National Minorities holds discussions on matters of political and public life including issues relatedto ethnicity.
V Estoniji se na predsedniški okrogli mizi o nacionalnih manjšinah razpravlja o zadevah v zvezi s političnim in javnim življenjem, vključno z vprašanji, povezanimi z etničnostjo.
In some cases, the establishment of consultative bodies is required by law once thecommunity of non-citizens reaches a certain size.
V nekaterih primerih je ustanovitev posvetovalnih organov zakonsko obvezna, če skupnost prebivalcev, ki niso državljani, doseže določeno število članov.
For instance, in Luxembourgmunicipalities with more than 20% foreigners are obliged to set up advisorycommissions.
Na primer, v Luksemburgu morajo občine z več kot tujcev ustanoviti svetovalne komisije.
In Denmark, the Act on Integration provides for the setting up of the
Posvetovalni organi, zlasti na nacionalni ravni, pogosto vključujejo predstavnike nevladnih združenj in združenj priseljencev, pa tudi predstavnike organov oblasti in socialnih partnerjev.
national Council for Ethnic Minorities, which is composed of representatives of the localintegration councils. These bodies can be established by municipalities; around 70 localintegration councils exist to date.
V nekaterih primerih„čisto“ priseljenski organi organizirajo redna medsebojna srečanja, od časa do časa pa tudi z oblastmi in drugimi zainteresiranimi stranmi.
Consultative bodies, especially at the national level, often include representatives ofnon-governmental and migrants’ associations along with representatives of publicauthorities and of the social partners.
Posvetovanja morajo upoštevati raznolikost priseljenskih prebivalcev, izdelati pa je treba sprejete mehanizme za izbiro predstavnikov.
For instance, the Portuguese Consultative Councilfor Immigration Matters, the Italian National Organisation for the Coordination of Integration Policy for Migrants, and the Spanish Forum of Immigration all include thesethree groups.
V Luksemburgu je v Nacionalni svet za tujce predstavnikov priseljencev, izbranih na podlagi sorazmernega deleža njihove skupnosti v prebivalstvu v skladu z zadnjim popisom prebivalstva.
At the local level, consultative bodies are often composed of local electedrepresentatives together with immigrants.
V nizozemski strukturi nacionalnega dialoga manjšine predstavljajo zveze organizacij manjšinskih skupin.
In some cases, ‘purely’ immigrant bodies holdregular meetings among themselves and from time to time come together with theauthorities and other stakeholders.
Pred vključitvijo morajo zveze prestati oceno reprezentativnosti, ki se izvaja v rednih časovnih presledkih.V nekaterih državah se izvajajo volitve za posvetovalne odbore.
In Luxembourg, the 15 immigrant representatives on the National Council for Foreignersare chosen depending on their community’s proportional representation in thepopulation according to the most recent census.
Druge države se zanašajo na strokovnjake ali znane posameznike, dejavne na področju integracije priseljencev.
In some countries, elections are held for consultative committees.Others rely on experts or known individuals active in the area of immigrant integration.However, it is not always clear whether members are primarily individuals orrepresentatives of their constituency or their organisation.
Vendar pa ni vedno jasno, ali so člani predvsem posamezniki ali predstavniki svoje volilne enote oziroma svoje organizacije.
It can also be difficult to gainaccess to certain communities within the immigrant population.
Prav tako je včasih težko navezati stike z določenimi skupnostmi znotraj priseljenskega prebivalstva.
Flexibility in the composition of consultative bodies will best serve the purpose ofconsultation, keeping in mind that representativeness can be achieved in different ways.Allowing observers or non-voting members to take part in sessions can increasetransparency and trust in consultative structures.
Prožnost pri sestavi posvetovalnih organov bo najbolje služila namenu posvetovanj, pri tem pa je treba upoštevati, da je mogoče reprezentativnost doseči na različne načine. Prisotnost opazovalcev in članov, ki ne volijo, na srečanjih lahko poveča preglednost in zaupanje v posvetovalne strukture.
While consultative chambers have no decision-making power, they are usually entitledto deliberate and make proposals.
Čeprav posvetovalni zbori nimajo pristojnosti odločanja, so običajno upravičeni do posvetovanj in priprave predlogov.
Own-initiative opinions can be given, but generallyconsultative bodies respond to policy- or legislative proposals of the government bycontributing to hearings and submitting written comments on draft bills.
Podajo lahko tudi mnenja na lastno pobudo, v splošnem pa se posvetovalni organi odzivajo na politične ali zakonodajne predloge vlade, in sicer s prispevki na obravnavah in predložitvami pisnih pripomb na zakonske osnutke.
As a result thegovernment’s agenda usually determines theirs.
Poiskati je treba zlasti tesnejše povezave s parlamentom ali občinskimi sveti.
Frequently, the input given comes at alate stage in the policymaking process and has limited impact on the shape of the finallegislation or programme.
V številnih italijanskih občinah, vključno z Rimom in Torinom, priseljenci, ki ne volijo in imajo posvetovalno vlogo, sedijo v občinskem svetu skupaj z izvoljenimi funkcionarji.
Because of these limitations, advisory bodies cannot be a substitute for full electoralrights and remain a parallel opportunity for government to receive feedback from
Če pa želijo razviti prispevke, ki lahko imajo zgodnji in občuten vpliv na postopek oblikovanja politik, morajo skupnosti imeti zmogljivosti za dobro obveščeno in
Civic participation communities concerned by its policies and actions.
Državljanska udeležba trajno razpravo.
While capacity building initiatives can haveconsiderable success, the work of consultative bodies is often significantly limited by thefact that its members are generally unpaid.
Čeprav so lahko pobude za krepitev zmogljivosti precej uspešne, je delo posvetovalnih organov zaradi dejstva, da so njihovi člani v glavnem neplačani, pogosto precej omejeno.
In the UK ‘community networks’ are eligible for project funding under the race equalitygrant Connecting Communities.
V Združenem kraljestvu so „mreže skupnosti“ upravičene do projektov, financiranih v okviru subvencije za enakost ras Povezovanje skupnosti („Connecting Communities“).
In Portugal, the Programme Choices 2nd generationseeks to promote the social inclusion of young people from underprivilegedneighbourhoods, especially those from the second or third generation of immigrants.Building partnerships with civil society, the programme offers training and makes a stronginvestment in the creation of Digital Inclusion Centres (CID), which seek to develop youngpeople’s competences for full participation in the information society.
Na Portugalskem program Izbire . generacije spodbuja socialno vključevanje mladih iz revnih soseščin, zlasti tistih iz druge ali tretje generacije priseljencev. Z ustvarjanjem partnerstev s civilno družbo program ponuja usposabljanje in veliko vlaga v izgradnjo Digitalnih centrov za vključevanje (CID), v katerih mladi razvijajo svoje usposobljenosti za polno udeležbo v informacijski družbi.
Addressing politicalparticipation more specifically, the Swedish government has introduced a specialprogramme of grants to national immigrant organisations in order to increase immigrants’opportunities to promote their participation in public life.
Švedska vlada rešuje zlasti problem politične udeležbe, zato je uvedla poseben program subvencij za nacionalne priseljenske organizacije, da bi povečala možnosti priseljencev za spodbujanje njihove udeležbe v javnem življenju.
At present, there are about 30national immigrant organisations.
Trenutno obstaja približno nacionalnih priseljenskih organizacij.
Several of them have small secretariats.
Mnoge od njih imajo majhne sekretariate.
Consultation does not necessarily have to take place in specific ‘immigrant bodies’.
Ni nujno, da se posvetovanja izvajajo v posebnih„priseljenskih telesih“.
Anumber of municipalities have set up local consultative structures to deal with specificsubjects (family, education, finance, energy, environment, economic and commercialdevelopment, housing, employment, mobility, youth, sport, etc.).
Številne občine so ustanovile lokalne posvetovalne strukture, ki se ukvarjajo s posebnimi temami (družina, izobraževanje, finance, energija, okolje, gospodarski in trgovinski razvoj, stanovanja, zaposlovanje, mobilnost, mladi, šport itd.).
Immigrants can beencouraged to participate alongside citizens in the work of these consultative bodies.
Priseljence je mogoče spodbujati, da pri delu v teh posvetovalnih organih sodelujejo skupaj z državljani.
The attribution of nationality can be an integration tool.
Pridobitev državljanstva je lahko integracijsko orodje.
Facilitating naturalisationdiminishes the rights gap between citizens and long-term resident immigrants and canopen up a fuller range of opportunities for participation.
Pospeševanje naturalizacije zmanjša razliko v pravicah med državljani in priseljenci, ki v državi živijo že dlje časa, prav tako pa lahko odpre širši nabor možnosti za udeležbo.
In response to changing rules, application rates for naturalisation have increased,although they remain below expectations in some cases.
ker bi s tem izgubili državljanstvo v državi izvora ali ker bi se s tem odpovedali dednim nazivom ali pravici do lastništva zemljišča.
Extending electoral rights and making naturalisation easier are thereforecomplementary strategies.
Razširitev volilne pravice in poenostavljanje naturalizacije sta zato komplementarni strategiji.
Moreover, narrowing the rights gap between citizens andnon-citizens would make the choice for naturalisation less a strategy to achieve legalsecurity and more a positive expression of a change in political identity.
Če bi zmanjšali razliko v pravicah med državljani in prebivalci, ki niso državljani, bi bila izbira za naturalizacijo manj strategija za doseganje pravne varnosti in bolj pozitiven izraz spremembe v politični identiteti.
In some countries naturalisation is considered to be the result and ultimate proof of theintegration of immigrants.
V nekaterih državah se naturalizacija obravnava kot rezultat in dokončen dokaz integracije priseljencev.
Language and other tests are used to verify the level ofintegration of applicants.
Za preverjanje ravni integracije prosilcev se uporabljajo jezikovni in drugi preskusi.
Such tests can have a negative effect on naturalisation ratesdue to their difficulty or due to the fees associated with them.
Takšni preskusi imajo lahko zaradi težavnosti ali zaradi plačil, povezanih z njimi, negativen vpliv na stopnjo naturalizacije.
Where tests for naturalisation are used, they can be linked to the particularcircumstances of the persons concerned.
Če se uporabljajo preskusi za naturalizacijo, jih je mogoče povezati s posebnimi razmerami zadevnih oseb.