natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Facilitating the residence requirement from 15 to eight years significantly raised the willingness of foreigners to become Germans.
Longitudinalne raziskave kažejo, da v letih po naturalizaciji novi državljani, zlasti prejšnji državljani tretjih držav, dosegajo večjo poklicno mobilnost in hitrejšo rast svojih plač, tako da na koncu „dohitijo“ nacionalno povprečje.
Greater facilitation for specific groups
Obravnava problema nizkih stopenj naturalizacije
The shortest required residence period is reserved for first generation groups with specific genuine and effective links that are outlined in the European Convention on Nationality.
Dejstvo, da je število ustaljenega priseljenskega prebivalstva v zadnjih petindvajsetih letih v Evropi naraščalo, pomeni, da se tudi število kandidatov, ki so upravičeni do pridobitve državljanstev EU, povečuje.
For example, there are various international legal instruments that specify links based on individual needs for protection, such as for recognised refugees, stateless persons and stateless children born on the territory.
Stopnje naturalizacije so se v večini držav povečevale, vendar se v Evropski uniji razlikujejo oziroma nihajo.
Article 34 of the Refugee Convention provides that States shall facilitate as far as possible the naturalisation of refugees by expediting naturalisation proceedings as far as possible and reducing the charges and costs.
V letih od 1996 do 2005 so te stopnje ostale razmeroma nespremenjene v državah, kot sta Italija in Španija, medtem ko so na Danskem in Madžarskem bistveno nihale po letih.
Numerous EU Member States facilitate naturalisation for refugees and stateless persons.
Ponekod so se sčasoma povečevale, na primer na Finskem in v Združenem kraljestvu.
After the 2000 Belgian reform, the residence requirement for these groups was lowered to two years.
Drugje so dosegle vrh in se pozneje znižale, kakor to velja za Avstrijo in Belgijo. Ponekod, na primer na Nizozemskem, so včasih strmo padle.
In its 2002 Act amending the Citizenship Act, Slovenia responded to international legal standards to relax naturalisation for recognised refugees and stateless persons, among others.
Kljub splošnemu povečanju števila novih državljanov ostajajo stopnje po Evropski uniji nizke, zlasti v primerjavi s tradicionalnimi državami priseljevanja, kot sta Avstralija in Kanada, ki poudarjata pomembnost pridobitve državljanstva za priseljenske skupine.
This reform has led to a decreased dependence on the exceptional procedure and an important increase in the use of the facilitated method.
Drugi ostanejo „civilni državljani“ do konca svojega življenja v državi, bodisi po izbiri, zaradi okoliščin ali zapletov pri procesu naturalizacije.
Countries often grant the spouses or partners of nationals an independent status in nationality law.
Ena je, da je spodbuda za pridobitev državljanstva manjša pri rezidentih za daljši čas in državljanih EU, ki živijo v drugi državi članici EU.
This gender-sensitive approach ensures the equality of men and women and family unity in nationality.
Na njihove priložnosti za integracijo in poznejšo udeležbo kot nacionalni državljani vpliva veliko več dejavnikov politik in postopkov državljanstva.
Spouses of nationals may apply after one year of residence and marriage in Spain or after six months in Italy if the spouse was already a resident. The partners or co-habitants of nationals are included in countries like Belgium and Portugal.
Vztrajno nizke stopnje naturalizacije lahko zvišamo, če odstranimo nekatere elemente v državljanskem pravu, ki nenamerno ustvarjajo velike ovire in ustaljeno populacijo nedržavljanov odvračajo od vložitve prošnje.
An immigrant’s nationality or ethnic origin may be indicative of certain genuine and effective links (i.e. language knowledge and family ties).
Zemljevide nacionalnih politik o pridobitvi državljanstva v EU in njihove povezave z migracijo lahko poiščete v objavah:
During the period of 1996 to 2005, Portugal’s naturalisation rate was one of the OECD’s lowest, around 0.5% of the foreign-born population.
Dve pomembnejši zahtevi, ki opredeljujeta upravičenost do naturalizacije, sta zakonito običajno prebivališče in določeno število let stalnega prebivanja.
Large numbers of Moldovans, Romanians, and Chinese diversified its traditionally post-colonial flows.
Evropska konvencija o državljanstvu predpisuje najdaljše obdobje stalnega prebivanja deset let.
In fact, Ukrainians are now one of the country’s largest immigrant groups.
Pri tem niso upoštevane prednostne naloge države pri spodbujanju integracije priseljencev.
The 17 April 2006 New nationality law in Portugal aimed to combat the factors that lead to social exclusion, reduce the complexity of procedures for the acquisition of nationality, and promote integration as a new country of immigration.
V skladu z obrazložitvenim poročilom Evropske konvencije o državljanstvu lahko spodbujanje v okviru naturalizacije vključuje skrajšanje zahtevanega obdobja stalnega prebivanja, manj stroge jezikovne zahteve, preprostejši postopek in nižje stroške postopka.
The new Law opened up the shorter residence period once reserved for nationals of Lusophone countries (six years) to all first-generation immigrants who have basic knowledge of Portuguese and a clean criminal record.
Številni priseljenci prve generacije pridobijo pristne in učinkovite vezi ter praktično znanje o državi že po prvih nekaj letih stalnega prebivanja.
The law’s success was largely due to an agreement between the main political parties not to politicise the issue of citizenship.
Ti morda že izpolnjujejo pogoje za naturalizacijo in si želijo prevzeti pravice in dolžnosti, ki izhajajo iz nacionalnega državljanstva.
This consensus led to the law’s unanimous approval in Parliament.
Nato lahko po svoji izbiri postanejo polnopravni nacionalni državljani ali „civilni državljani“.
Many Member States have taken a generational approach to meeting their integration objectives in nationality law.
Kakor je bilo predvideno, so reforme belgijskega državljanskega zakonika iz let 1984, 1991 in 2000 delovale kot ključni dejavniki pri spodbujanju integracije nedržavljanov na podlagi večje stopnje naturalizacije.
The introduction of ius soli for immigrants’ descendents means that birth is the sufficient basic criterion for eligibility for nationality.
Reforma iz leta 2000 je zmanjšala zahtevo po zakonitem stalnem prebivanju za diskrecijski parlamentarni postopek s pet na tri leta za običajne priseljence prve generacije.
The “citizenship premium” suggests that the benefits of acquiring nationality are greatest for the youngest.
Ta reforma je tudi omogočila brezpogojno pravico do državljanstva z izjavo po sedmih letih.
The younger a new citizen is, the greater the return on the investment as they will accumulate benefits over a lifetime of personal and professional development.
V desetih letih je delež priseljenskega prebivalstva brez belgijskega državljanstva padel z dveh tretjin v letu 1995 na približno polovico.
Through the introduction of ius soli for the first generation’s descendents, the law can play a part in providing equal rights for children born in the country and a better starting position for their school and professional careers.
Kot del nove obsežne priseljenske strategije je reforma nemškega državljanskega prava iz let 1999–2000 potrdila, da je pridobitev državljanstva zaželen rezultat za status Nemčije kot države priseljevanja.
Ireland allows the children of immigrants born in the country to become Irish citizens at birth if their parents have been legal residents for three of the past four years.
Znižanje zahteve po stalnem prebivanju s petnajstih na osem let je pomembno vplivalo na večjo pripravljenost tujcev, da postanejo Nemci.
There are similar provisions based on parental status in countries like Belgium, Portugal, and the UK.
Naturalizacija še vedno poteka v večjem obsegu kot kadar koli pred letom 1998.
The integration situation of the “1.5 Generation” is also being taken into account in several reforms of nationality law.
Večje spodbude za nekatere skupine
This generation is made up of immigrants’ natural or adopted children arriving on family reunion permits.
Najkrajše zahtevano obdobje stalnega prebivanja je predvideno samo za skupine prve generacije, ki imajo spletene posebne pristne in učinkovite vezi, kakor je začrtano v Evropski konvenciji o državljanstvu.
One reason for an entitlement to nationality is family unity ; these children automatically become citizens when their parents are accepted for naturalisation.
Na voljo so številni mednarodni pravni instrumenti, ki opredeljujejo vezi na podlagi individualnih potreb po zaščiti, na primer za begunce s priznanim statusom, osebe brez državljanstva in otroke brez državljanstva, rojene na tem ozemlju.
Another reason is socialisation ; they can become nationals in their own right after a few years in the education system. Their parents mostly apply on their behalf, but they also have the right to be heard in nationality decisions that affect them, based on the interpretation of Article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Člen 34 Konvencije o beguncih določa, da mora država čim bolj olajšati naturalizacijo beguncev s tem, da kar najbolj pospeši postopke naturalizacije in zmanjša njihove stroške.
In Sweden, after five year’s residence, minor immigrant children become Swedish upon a simple notification by their parents.
Številne države članice EU spodbujajo naturalizacijo beguncev in oseb brez državljanstva.
From the age of 12 in the Nordic countries and 14 in Austria, immigrant children have the right to express their views or submit an application to the naturalisation procedure themselves.
V Luksemburgu in na Irskem postopki naturalizacije ustrezajo potrebi po mednarodni zaščiti tudi s tem, da begunce oprostijo številnih materialnih pogojev, kot je znanje jezika.
The fact that income has in the past been removed as a class-based threshold for full national citizenship and voting rights is worth considering.
Ta pristop, ki upošteva različnost spolov, zagotavlja enakost med moškimi in ženskami in enotnost družine v okviru državljanstva.
Means testing and fees can be evaluated as to their effectiveness for economic integration and their implications for democratic governance.
Partnerji ali zunajzakonski partnerji državljanov so vključeni v državah, kot sta Belgija in Portugalska.
‘Means of subsistence’ tests were removed from naturalisation procedures in Sweden in 1976, in the Netherlands in 1977, in Belgium in 2000 and in Portugal in 2006.
Nekatere države še vedno spodbujajo naturalizacijo „prednostnih“ etničnih ali nacionalnih skupin na podlagi zgodovinskih vezi z njihovo državo.
Furthermore in Portugal, any registration or declaration regarding nationality as well as any certificates required are made free-of-charge for those with an income that is equal to or below the national minimum wage.
Narodnost ali etnično poreklo določenega priseljenca je lahko pokazatelj določenih pristnih in učinkovitih vezi (npr. jezikovno znanje in družinske vezi).
The naturalisation procedure does not come with a cost in Belgium, France, Luxembourg, and Spain.
Ker pa so tokovi priseljencev vse bolj globalni, tudi priseljensko prebivalstvo v številnih evropskih državah postaja bolj raznoliko glede etničnega in nacionalnega porekla.
An Estonian Government decree of 6 February 2006 has increased the reimbursement for language training for naturalisation to 100% of all costs.
Integracija teh novih prebivalcev se lahko pospeši na podlagi prednostnega postopka za priseljence vseh narodnosti in etničnih porekel, ki izpolnjujejo osnovne pogoje.
The idea of multiple nationality tends to elicit two sets of state concerns. The first is about a state’s relationship with other states.
Med letoma 1996 in 2005 je bila stopnja naturalizacije na Portugalskem ena od najnižjih v OECD, in sicer je obsegala približno 0,5 odstotka v tujini rojenega prebivalstva.
The assumption was that allowing candidates for naturalisation to keep their previous nationality would create conflicts between states in areas like military service, conscription and taxation.
Številni Moldavijci, Romuni in Kitajci so razvejali njene tradicionalno postkolonialne tokove.
The second is about a state’s relationship to its nationals.
Pravzaprav so Ukrajinci danes ena največjih priseljenskih skupin v državi.
There are open questions about loyalty (in what ways do citizens express loyalty to the state ?), residence abroad (do citizens who move away from the country retain effective links and merit the same rights e.g. to consular protection ?) and cultural influences (are those acquiring the nationality of their country of residence expected to adopt a specific culture as defined by the state, to the exclusion of their culture of origin ?).
Namen novega zakona o državljanstvu z dne 17. aprila 2006 na Portugalskem je bil boj proti dejavnikom, ki vodijo k socialni izključenosti, zmanjševanje zapletenosti postopkov za pridobitev državljanstva in spodbujanje integracije v tej novi državi priseljevanja.
Despite these longstanding concerns, multiple nationality has become a legal reality. Beginning at the end of the twentieth century, the trend has been for many European countries to remove the legal barriers to multiple nationality that they had introduced at the beginning and middle of the century.
Novi zakon je razširil pogoj krajšega obdobja stalnega prebivanja, ki je bilo nekoč predvideno samo za državljane iz portugalsko govorečih afriških držav (šest let), na vse priseljence prve generacije, ki imajo osnovno znanje portugalščine in čisto kazensko evidenco.
The reasons behind changes in attitudes on dual nationality in some Member States are that their own citizens have become mobile and globally connected, their immigrant populations have grown and become more settled and their nationality laws have established the principle of ius soli.
Uspeh zakona je večinoma temeljil na dogovoru, ki so ga sklenile glavne politične stranke o nepolitizaciji vprašanja državljanstva. To soglasje je vodilo k soglasni potrditvi zakona v parlamentu.
Others do so only for certain groups or certain situations.
Približevanje novi generaciji
Follow-up questions then arise at the national level as to the consistent application of multiple nationality.
Številne države članice so pri izpolnjevanju integracijskih ciljev po državljanskem pravu prevzele generacijski pristop.
Multiple nationality has also become a demographic reality as the tolerance of multiple nationality has increased the number of so-called dual nationals.
Uvedba državljanstva po območju (ius soli) za potomce priseljencev pomeni, da je rojstvo zadosten osnovni pogoj, ki upravičuje državljanstvo. „Nagrada za državljanstvo“ pomeni, da so koristi ob pridobitvi državljanstva največje za najmlajše.
Member State nationals migrate and marry nationals of other countries.
Mlajši kot je državljan, večja je donosnost naložbe, saj se bodo tako ugodnosti nabirale v njegovem celotnem osebnem in poklicnem razvoju.
Furthermore, removing the obligation to renounce a previous nationality has increased non-nationals’ naturalisation rates from 1996 to 2005 in most EU countries.
Nasprotno, če otrok dolgo čaka, da postane polnopraven državljan, je večja verjetnost, da mu bo status nedržavljana prinesel neugodnosti na formativni stopnji njegovega razvoja, ki jih je pozneje v življenju mogoče le s težavo odpraviti.
The reasons why newcomers are more likely to naturalise in countries tolerating multiple nationality are often more related to personal or pragmatic links with their country of origin than to the integration situation in their country of residence.
Druga generacija ima v tradicionalnih državah priseljevanja, kot sta Kanada ali Združene države Amerike, samodejno pravico do državljanstva ob rojstvu.
Immigrants residing in a country that tolerates multiple nationality can naturalise, without any side effects on their wider family or social links outside the country.
Med praksami, ki veljajo v državah članicah EU, lahko podobno pravico zahtevata bodisi tretja generacija ali druga generacija le nekaj časa po rojstvu in/ali samo tisti, ki so rojeni zakonitim rezidentom.
Those who can keep their previous nationality maintain important mobility rights and do not face new, sometimes costly, visa and travel restrictions.
Z uvedbo državljanstva po območju (ius soli) za potomce prve generacije ima pravo lahko pomembno vlogo pri zagotavljanju enakih pravic za otroke, rojene v državi, ter boljšega izhodiščnega položaja za njihove izobraževalne in poklicne poti.
Indeed, one group more likely to opt for multiple nationality when it is tolerated are those with higher human capital, for instance immigrant entrepreneurs and businessmen working on co-development.
Irska otrokom priseljencev, ki so rojeni v državi, dovoljuje, da ob rojstvu postanejo irski državljani, če so bili njihovi starši zakoniti rezidenti tri od zadnjih štirih let.
The desire to hold onto a previous nationality can also depend on the specific country of birth.
Podobne določbe, ki temeljijo na statusu staršev, veljajo v državah, kot so Belgija, Portugalska
Recently developed international legal guidelines have resolved worries of possible inter-state conflicts by giving priority to the country of residence.
To generacijo sestavljajo lastni ali posvojeni otroci priseljencev, ki prispejo na podlagi dovoljenj za združitev družine.
Open questions about loyalty in a liberal democracy, the rights of new and old citizens who chose to emigrate, and cultural influences can be addressed through citizenship education and greater interaction between citizens with and without multiple nationality.
Razlog za upravičenost do državljanstva je enotnost družine; ti otroci samodejno postanejo državljani potem, ko so bili njihovi starši sprejeti v postopek naturalizacije.
One of the advantages of the legal and demographic trend towards acceptance of multiple nationality is increased naturalisation rates in many EU Member States.
Drug razlog je socializacija; nekajletna vključenost v izobraževalni sistem pomeni upravičenost do državljanstva.
In these countries, an immigrant’s choice to naturalise does not have negative side effects on their family, social and economic links.
Večinoma jih v njihovem imenu prijavijo starši, vendar imajo tudi pravico do zaslišanja pri odločitvah o državljanstvu, ki jih zadevajo, glede na razlago člena 12 Konvencije o otrokovih pravicah.
Belgium, France, Ireland, Portugal and the United Kingdom allow the first generation’s children born in the country to become dual nationals.
Na Švedskem mladoletni otroci priseljencev po petletnem stalnem prebivanju postanejo Švedi na podlagi prijave njihovih staršev.
It would also follow trends in other EU countries (including Sweden’s acceptance in 2001). This reform doubled interest in becoming Finnish, giving the country the EU’s most favourable naturalisation rate in 2004, at 6.4%.
Otroci priseljencev imajo v skandinavskih državah pri dvanajstih letih in v Avstriji pri štirinajstih letih starosti pravico do izražanja svojega mnenja oziroma lahko sami vložijo prošnjo za postopek naturalizacije.
Luxembourg’s stated objective in the 28 October 2008 law was to adapt nationality law to the changing reality of its society and consolidate the integration of foreigners who have decided to definitively settle there.
Glede na to, da nedržavljani prosilci za državljanstvo še ne uživajo nagrade za državljanstvo, ki bi povišala njihove plače, lahko pogoji v zvezi s prihodkom ali visoki stroški nenamerno prej povečajo neugodnosti pri integraciji na trg dela, kakor pa spodbujajo vključitev v delovno silo.
The fact that an applicant would acquire multiple nationality is a sign of their attachment to Luxembourg, their willingness to integrate and their links with their country and culture of origin.
Dejstvo, da je bila zahteva po minimalnem prihodku v preteklosti umaknjena kot pogoj za pridobitev polnopravnega nacionalnega državljanstva in volilnih pravic, ker je ustvarjala prag na podlagi socialnega razreda, je vredno obravnave.
When naturalisation involves various eligibility criteria and conditions, the problem to tackle is wide administrative discretion.
Preskus „sredstev za preživljanje“ je bil umaknjen iz postopkov naturalizacije na Švedskem leta 1976, na Nizozemskem leta 1977, v Belgiji leta 2000 in na Portugalskem leta 2006.
Immigrant applications and the administration both commit to fulfilling the conditions as laid down in law.
Poleg tega so na Portugalskem vse prošnje ali izjave v zvezi z državljanstvom in vsa zahtevana potrdila brezplačna za tiste, katerih prihodki so enaki minimalni plači v državi ali nižji.
Clear, detailed, and binding good governance guidelines ensure that the public criteria for naturalisation are the real criteria that are applied in transparent, prompt, manageable, and reasonably-priced procedures.
Postopek naturalizacije je brezplačen tudi v Belgiji, Franciji, Luksemburgu in Španiji.
For example, anti-discrimination legislation can explicitly ensure that all applicants for nationality are treated equally.
Uredba estonske vlade z dne 6. februarja 2006 je zvišala nadomestilo v zvezi z jezikovnim usposabljanjem za naturalizacijo na 100-odstotno povračilo vseh stroškov.
All EU Member States, as signatories to the International Convention for the Elimination of all Forms of Racism (1965), agree in Article 1, paragraph 3, that, whatever their nationality law and policy, its provisions will not be applied in a discriminatory way against particular nationalities.
Obstajajo odprta vprašanja o zvestobi (kako državljani izražajo svojo zvestobo do države?), stalnem prebivališču v tujini (ali državljani, ki se izselijo iz svoje države, ohranjajo učinkovite vezi z njo in imajo enake pravice, npr. v zvezi s konzularno zaščito?) in kulturnih vplivih (ali se od tistih, ki pridobijo državljanstvo države svojega stalnega prebivališča, pričakuje, da bodo prevzeli določeno kulturo, kakor določa država, za ceno svoje izvorne kulture?).
Part of a good governance approach is the recognition within the culture of the administration that applicants are future national citizens.
Če se ozremo v konec dvajsetega stoletja, so se v številnih evropskih državah odpravljale pravne ovire za večkratno državljanstvo, ki so bile uvedene na začetku in sredi stoletja.
Codes of conduct for administrative practice, compliance monitoring, evaluation mechanisms, and benchmarking and peer review programmes are a few tools that could be shared at multiple levels of governance.
Razlogi za spremembo odnosa do dvojnega državljanstva v nekaterih državah članicah so: njihovi lastni državljani so postali mobilni in globalno povezani, njihove populacije priseljencev so se povečale in bolj ustalile, v zakone o državljanstvu pa je bilo uvedeno načelo ius soli.
Removing wide administrative discretion and providing proper guidance and oversight enhance respect for the rule of law and the efficiency of naturalisation procedures.
Številne države dovoljujejo večkratno pravno (deiure) ali dejansko (defacto) državljanstvo za lastne državljane, nove državljane in njihove otroke.
In most countries, naturalisation is a discretionary procedure.
Druge to omogočajo samo nekaterim skupinam ali v določenih situacijah.
Germany’s 2000 reform replaced discretionary practices with the right to acquire nationality, based on the recognition that naturalisation was in the public interest.
Na nacionalni ravni se nato pojavijo nadaljnja vprašanja v zvezi z dosledno uporabo načela večkratnega državljanstva.
The Federal and Länder level agreed on common administrative guidelines and held repeated negotiations to address inconsistent regional interpretations and practices.
Večkratno državljanstvo je postalo tudi demografska stvarnost, saj je dopuščanje večkratnega državljanstva povečalo število tako imenovanih dvojnih državljanov.
In Austria as well, vague legal criteria have been corrected through regular meetings between federal and provincial representatives and decisions by the Administrative Court.
Državljani držav članic se selijo in poročajo z državljani iz drugih držav. Poleg tega so se zaradi odprave obvezne odpovedi prejšnjemu državljanstvu stopnje naturalizacije v večini držav EU v letih med 1996 in 2005 povečale.