natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The encouraging achievements and increased policy action (
11 tudi do 1000-krat presega naravno stopnjo (
According to one estimate, approximately one quarter of the potential net primary production has been converted by humans, either through direct cropping (53 %), land-use-induced productivity
© John McConnico potencialne neto primarne proizvodnje, in sicer z neposredno kmetijsko
During the 20th century, global sea level rose by an average of 1.7 mm/year.
V 20. stoletju se je morska gladina v povprečju vsako leto dvignila za 1,7 mm.
This was due to an increase in the volume of ocean water as a consequence of temperature rise, although inflow of water from melting glaciers and ice sheets is playing an increasing role.
To se je dogajalo zaradi povečevanja prostornine oceanske vode kot posledice segrevanja, čeprav ima tudi dotok vode s talečih se ledenikov in ledenih pokrovov vse pomembnejšo vlogo.
In the past 15 years, sea-level rise has been accelerating and averaged about 3.1 mm/year, based on data from satellites and tide gauges, with a significantly increasing contribution from the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica.
V zadnjih 15 letih se morska gladina pospešeno dviga, na podlagi satelitskih podatkov in meritev plimovanja v povprečju za 3,1 mm na leto, pri čemer je prispevek taljenja ledu na Grenlandiji in Antarktiki vse večji.
Sea level is projected to rise considerably during this century and beyond.
Predvidoma se bo morska gladina v tem stoletju in še bolj v prihodnosti precej dvignila.
In 2007, the IPCC presented a projected rise of 0.18 to 0.59 m above a).
Leta 2007 je IPCC napovedal, da se bo morska gladina do konca stoletja a dvignila za 0,18–0,59 metra nad gladino iz leta 1990 (
) ( greenhouse gas emissions, a projected global average sea-level rise of about 1.0 m or possibly (although unlikely) even up to 2.0 m, by 2100 ( d ).
Po najnovejših ocenah naj bi se v primeru nezmanjšanih izpustov toplogrednih plinov povprečna svetovna morska gladina do leta 2100 dvignila za približno en d meter ali pa (čeprav je to malo verjetno) celo do dva metra (
Ocean acidification is a direct consequence of CO emissions to the
Zakisovanje oceanske vode je neposredna posledica izpustov CO v ozračje. V
2 atmosphere.
2 oceanih je že končala približno tretjina vsega CO
2 produced by humankind since the industrial revolution.
2 od industrijske revolucije naprej. Zato je sicer količina CO v ozračju nekoliko
2 price of a significant change to ocean chemistry.
2 manjša, vendar se je na ta račun občutno spremenila kemijska sestava oceanske vode.
Evidence indicates that ocean acidification is likely to become a serious threat to many organisms and will have implications for food webs and ecosystems, for example, tropical coral reefs.
Dokazi kažejo, da bo zakisovanje oceanske vode verjetno postalo resna grožnja številnim organizmom in bo vplivalo na prehranske splete in ekosisteme, med drugim tudi na tropske koralne grebene.
Global human appropriation of potential net primary production (NPP0
0 preteklih izumrtij v zgodovini Zemlje, ki jih je povzročilo zakisovanje (
This map shows human-appropriated net primary production (HANP) as a percentage of potential net primary production (NP) (A).
A proizvodnje (NPP) (
S y n the he si s iss are already characterised by often fragile governance structures.
Strnjeno poročilo
Moreover, reduced genetic variety in crops and cultivars implies future losses of economic and social benefits for Europe in such critical areas as food production and modern healthcare (15).
15 proizvodnja hrane in sodobno zdravstveno varstvo (
Global extraction of natural resources from ecosystems and mines grew more or less steadily over the past 25 years, from 40 billion tonnes in 1980 to 58 billion tonnes in 2005.
Svetovnočrpanjenaravnihvirov iz ekosistemov in rudnikov je v zadnjih 25 letih bolj ali manj enakomerno raslo — s 40 milijard ton leta 1980 se je povzpelo na 58 milijard ton leta 2005.
Resource extraction is unevenly distributed across the world, with Asia accounting for the largest share in 2005 (48 % of total tonnage, compared with Europe's 13 %).
Črpanje naravnih virov je po svetu neenakomerno porazdeljeno, pri čemer je bil leta 2005 delež Azije največji (48 % skupne mase v primerjavi z Evropo, katere delež je bil 13 %).
Over this period, a relative decoupling of global resource extraction and economic growth took place: resource extraction increased by roughly 50 % and world economic output (GDP) by about 110 % (16).
V tem obdobju je prišlo do delne prekinitve povezave med črpanjem naravnih virov in gospodarsko rastjo: črpanje naravnih virov se je povečalo za približno 50 %, svetovna gospodarska uspešnost (merjena v BDP) pa za približno 110 % (16).
Nonetheless, resource use and extraction is still increasing in absolute terms, outweighing gains in resource efficiency.
Kljub temu raba in črpanje virov v absolutnem smislu še vedno naraščata in izničujeta pridobitve na področju učinkovitosti rabe
Global extraction of natural resources from ecosystems and mines, 1980 to 2005/2007
Globalno črpanje naravnih virov iz ekosistemov in rudnikov, 1980–2005/2007 življenja (DALY), (
GDP Population h i ).
Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija (j).
Source: SERI Global Material Flow Database, 2010 edition (
SERI Podatkovna baza globalnih snovnih tokov, izdaja za leto 2010 (
) ( urbanised world, which is tightly linked by long-distance transport, the incidence and distribution of infectious diseases affecting humans
Svetovni okoljski izzivi bolezni, pri otrocih, mlajših od pet let, pa približno četrtino smrti in
These regions are also home to some of the world's richest and yet most fragile natural environments which are facing multiple threats.
Tudi tu je najbolj prizadeto revno prebivalstvo v bremen bolezni ( tropskih območjih.
Furthermore, multiple pressures on Arctic ecosystems have resulted in biodiversity loss across the region.
pritiskinaarktičneekosistemesopovzročilitudiupadanjebiotskeraznovrstnosti po vsej regiji.
Environmental c l cha h all en ge llenges in a g s in a glo lob a bal context l context functions and are creating additional challenges for the people living in the Arctic as changing seasonal patterns affect hunting and food provision (26
Takšne spremembe imajo globalne posledicezaradiizgubeključnihekosistemskihfunkcijinpovzročajododatne preglavice prebivalcem Arktike, saj spremembe v menjavi letnihčasovvplivajonalovinoskrboshrano(26).
Eastern neighbours — EU neighbours to the east face many environmental challenges affecting human health and ecosystems.
Vzhodne sosede — Sosede na vzhodu EU se soočajo s številnimi okoljskimi izzivi, ki vplivajo na zdravje ljudi in ekosistemov.
The EEA's fourth assessment report of Europe's environment (
Četrto poročilo EEA o stanju okolja v Evropi (
) summarises key environmental issues across the pan-European region, including countries in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and
V Evropi se bodo verjetno vse pogosteje in vedno znova pojavljale nalezljive bolezni,nakateremočnovplivajospremembevtemperaturiinkoličini
Box 7.2
Okvir 7.2
The European Neighbourhood Policy
Evropska sosedska politika
The European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) aims to strengthen cooperation between the EU and its neighbours.
Evropska sosedska politika si prizadeva za okrepitev sodelovanja med EU in njenimi sosedami.
It is a dynamic and evolving platform for dialogue and action based on joint responsibility and ownership.
To je dinamična in nenehno razvijajoča se osnova za dialog in ukrepanje, ki temelji na skupni odgovornosti in lastništvu.
In recent years, the ENP has been further strengthened through initiatives such as the Eastern Partnership, Black Sea Synergy and Union for the Mediterranean.
V zadnjih letih se je še okrepila preko pobud, kot so Vzhodno partnerstvo, Črnomorska sinergija in Unija za Sredozemlje.
Within the EN, re P le van t EU instruments — the EU maritime policy, the Water Framework Directive and the development of a Shared Environmental Information System (SEIS) — are gradually being implemented beyond EU borders to help streamline environmental efforts.
V okviru evropske sosedske politike se ustrezni inštrumenti EU — pomorska politika EU, Vodna direktiva in oblikovanje skupnega okoljskega informacijskega sistema (SEIS) — postopoma izvajajo tudi onkraj meja EU, da bi tako poenotili in uskladili prizadevanja za varstvo okolja.
International legal instruments have also been developed and gradually implemented to address common transboundary issues — such as the UN LRTAP Convention or transboundary water convention, covering also the eastern neighbours.
Oblikovani so bili tudi mednarodni pravni inštrumenti, ki se postopoma izvajajo, da bi se tako posvetili skupnim čezmejnim vprašanjem — med njimi denimo Konvencija Združenih narodov o prekomejnem onesnaževanju zraka na velike razdalje preko meja (LRTAP) ali Konvencija o zaščiti in uporabi prekomejnih vodnih tokov in mednarodnih jezer, v katere so vključene tudi vzhodne sosede EU.
For the Mediterranean, the Horizon 2020 initiative (
Na območju Sredozemlja pobuda Horizon 2020 (
) supports the riparian countries in addressing the priority issues of dealing with industrial emissions, municipal waste and wastewater treatment to reduce pollution of the Mediterranean.
pri reševanju prednostnih vprašanj izpustov iz industrije, komunalnih odpadkov in čiščenja odpadnih voda, da bi zmanjšali onesnaževanje v Sredozemlju.
Within the Arctic, a number of environmental treaties and conventions, as well as shipping and industrial regulations, provide a backdrop for policy deliberations in the context of the EU's Arctic policy: while the EU has taken the first steps towards an Arctic Policy, no comprehensive policy approach exists at present, several EU policies — such as the EU's agricultural policy, fisheries policy, maritime policy, environmental and climate policy or energy policy — affect the Arctic environment both directly and indirectly.
Na območju Arktike številne okoljske mednarodne pogodbe in konvencije ter tudi predpisi, ki urejajo plovbo in industrijsko dejavnost, tvorijo ozadje za politično odločanje v kontekstu politike EU do Arktike: EU je sicer storila prve korake v smeri oblikovanja politike do Arktike, vendar trenutno ni celovitega političnega pristopa, nekatere politike EU — npr. kmetijska, ribiška, pomorska, okoljska in podnebna ter energetska — pa neposredno in posredno vplivajo na okolje v Arktiki.
However, it is worth noting here that environmental trend analyses covering Europe's neighbouring regions often lack reliable data and indicators that are comparable over time and space.
Treba pa je opozoriti, da analize okoljskih trendov, ki zajemajo tudi regije, ki mejijo na Evropo, pogosto slonijo na nezanesljivih podatkih in kazalcih, ki časovno in prostorsko med seboj niso primerljivi.
Better and more targeted information to underpin environmental analysis and assessment is needed.
Potrebne so boljše in bolj ciljno usmerjene informacije, ki bodo služile kot osnova okoljskih analiz in ocen.
The EEA — within the framework of the European Neighbourhood Policy, and in cooperation with the countries and main partners in the regions — is implementing a series of activities that aim to strengthen existing environmental monitoring, data and information management.
EEA — v okviru Evropske sosedske politike in v sodelovanju z državami in glavnimi partnericami v sosednjih regijah — izvaja vrsto aktivnosti, katerih cilj je okrepiti spremljanje stanja okolja ter upravljanje podatkov in informacij.
It focuses on the challenges posed by air and water pollution, climate change, biodiversity loss, pressures on the marine and coastal environment, consumption and production patterns, and assesses sectoral developments that drive environmental change across the region.
Obravnava izzive, ki so posledica onesnaževanja zraka in vode, podnebnih sprememb, upadanja biotske raznovrstnosti, pritiskov na morsko in obalno okolje, vzorcev proizvodnje in potrošnje, ter podaja oceno dogajanja v posameznih sektorjih gospodarstva, ki povzročaokoljskespremembepovsejregiji.
The Mediterranean — Located at the crossroad of three continents this is one of the richest 'eco-regions' and yet one of the most vulnerable natural environments in the world.
Sredozemlje — Ta ekoregija na stičišču treh celin je ena 'najbogatejših', a hkrati tudi najobčutljivejših naravnih okolij na svetu.
The recent report on the State of the Environment and Development in the Mediterranean (28) presents the major impacts of climate change, the characteristics of the natural resources and environment in the region, and the challenges linked to their conservation.
V najnovejšem poročilu o 'stanju okolja in razvoja v Sredozemlju' so predstavljeni glavni vplivi (28) podnebnih sprememb,značilnostinaravnihvirovinokoljanaobmočjuterizzivi, povezani z njihovim ohranjanjem.
In particular, some of the main pressures from human activities are identified (such as tourism, transport, and industry) and their impacts on coastal and marine ecosystems are assessed, together with considerations about their environmental sustainability.
Zlasti so opredeljeni nekateriglavnipritiskinaokolje,kisoposledicačlovekovihdejavnosti (npr. turizma, prometa in industrije) — predstavljena je ocena njihovega vpliva na obalne in morske ekosisteme skupaj s presojo, koliko so te dejavnosti trajnostne z vidika vplivov na okolje.
While Europe is contributing directly and indirectly to some of the environmental pressures in these regions, it is also in an unique position to cooperate to improve their environmental conditions, particularly through fostering technology transfer and helping to build institutional capacity.
Medtem ko Evropa neposredno in posredno prispeva k nekaterim pritiskomnaokoljetehobmočij,jetudivedinstvenempoložaju,dalahko sodeluje pri prizadevanjih za izboljšanje stanja tamkajšnjega okolja, zlasti preko prenosa tehnologij in pomoči pri krepitvi inštitucionalne zmogljivosti.
These dimensions are increasingly reflected in European neighbourhood policy priorities (29).
Ti poudarki se vse bolj kažejo v prednostnih usmeritvah evropske politike do sosednjih držav (29).
Environmental challenges are closely connected with global drivers of change
Podnebne spremembe Narava in biotska raznovrstnost Naravni viri in odpadki Okolje, zdravje in kakovost življenja
A range of unfolding trends are shaping the future European and global context, and many of these are outside the realm of Europe's direct influence.
Na evropsko in svetovno prihodnost vpliva vrsta trendov, številni med njimi pa so zunaj neposrednega vpliva Evrope.
Related global megatrends cut across social, technological, economic, political and even environment dimensions.
To so tako imenovani globalni megatrendi, ki prežemajo družbeno, tehnološko, gospodarsko, politično in celo okoljsko dimenzijo.
Key developments include changing demographic patterns or accelerating rates of urbanisation, ever faster technological changes, deepening market integration, evolving economic power shifts or the changing climate.
Glavni procesi vključujejo spreminjanje demografske strukture ali pospeševanje urbanizacije, vse hitrejše tehnološke spremembe, poglobljeno povezovanje trgov, spreminjanjetežiščgospodarskemočiinspreminjanjepodnebja.
Today, it is about 6.8 billion.
Danes živi na Zemlji približno 6,8 milijard ljudi.
The United Nations Population Division expects this growth to continue and that the global population will exceed
Oddelek za prebivalstvo pri Združenih narodih ob upoštevanju 'scenarija
Population of the world and different regions, 1950,
Preglednica 7.2 Svetovno prebivalstvo skupaj in po regijah v letih 1950, 1975, 2005 in 2050 glede na različne scenarije rasti
5, 2005 and 2050 according to different growth variants
Prebivalstvo v milijonih195019752005
* Europe (in UN terminology) includes all EEA member countries (except Turkey) and EEA cooperating countries, as well as Belarus, Republic of Moldova, Rusian Federation, Ukraine.
* Evropa (definicija ZN) vključuje vseh 38 držav članic EEA (razen Turčije) in z EEA sodelujočih držav ter Belorusijo, Moldavijo, Rusijo in Ukrajino.
Source: United Nations Population Division (
Zahvaljujoč globalizaciji so številne države uspele potegniti iz
9 billion by 2050, according to the 'medium growth variant' of their population estimate (30
Pri Svetovni bankiocenjujejo,dabibilolahkoleta2030vdanašnjihdržavahv srednjerasti'pričakuje,daseborastprebivalstvanadaljevalaindabosvetovno prebivalstvo do leta 2050 preseglo 9 milijard (30).
However, uncertainties are apparent, and forecasts depend on several assumptions, including for fertility rates.
držav skupine BRIC — Brazilije, Rusije, Indije in Kitajske —
As such, by 2050, the world population could thus exceed 11 billion or be limited to 8 billion (30
38 prispevale skoraj polovico k svetovni rasti potrošnje (
The implications of this uncertainty for global resource demands are huge.
Kljub temu se ravnovesje moči v svetovnem gospodarstvu spreminja.
In contrast to the global trend, European populations are expected to decline and age significantly.
V nasprotju s svetovnim trendom se bo prebivalstvo evropskih držav predvidoma znatno zmanjšalo in postaralo.
In its neighbourhood, population decline is particularly dramatic in Russia and large parts of Europe.
V soseščini Evrope je upadanje prebivalstva zlasti hudo v Rusiji in v obsežnih območjih Evrope.
At the same time, northern African countries along the southern Mediterranean are witnessing strong population growth.
Hkrati severnoafriške države ob južni obali Sredozemskega morja doživljajo močno rast prebivalstva.
In general, the wider region of Northern Africa and the Middle East has experienced the highest rate of population growth of any region in the world over the past century (30).
Na splošno se je v zadnjem stoletju prebivalstvo širšega območja severne Afrike in Bližnjega vzhoda povečalo bolj kot kjerkoli drugje na svetu (30).
Growth of GDP per capita in the EU-27, USA, China, India and Japan, 1980 to 2008
Rast BDP na prebivalca v ZDA, EU-27, na Kitajskem, Japonskem in v Indiji, 1980–2008 prihodki,zaradičesarnastajajopomembnipotrošniškitrgivrastočihgospodarstvih, ki bodo verjetno poganjali prihodnje povpraševanje po
GDP based on PPP (in dollars) per capita50 000
Izračun BDP po kupni moči (v dolarjih) na prebivalca50 000 enak delež svetovnega BDP kot državam skupine G7 (
20052008European Union
2005200Evropska unija
Projected shares of global middle-income class consumption, 2000 to 2050
Napoved svetovnih deležev potrošnje prebivalstva iz srednjega dohodkovnega razreda, 2000–2050
China India
Kitajska Indija
European Union Others n ).
Evropska unija Drugo n
A diffusion of political power towards multiple poles of influence is on-going, and changing the geopolitical landscape (48
Odvija se razpršitev politične moči na več vplivnih polov in spreminja geopolitično pokrajino (48
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), demand for food, feed and fibres could grow by 70 % by 2050 (51).
Zasebni igralci, kot so področju (53).
The fragility of global food, water and energy systems has become apparent over recent years.
IEA vztrajno opozarja, da zaradi dolgoročne rasti povpraševanja grozi svetovna energetska kriza.
For example, arable land per person declined globally from 0.43 ha in 1962 to 0.26 ha in 1998. The FAO expects this value to fall further by 1.5 % per year between now and 2030, if no major policy changes are initiated (52).
Potrebne so obsežne in nenehne naložbe v energetsko učinkovitost, obnovljivo energijo in novo infrastrukturo, če želimo doseči prehodna nizkoogljičen, glede rabe virov učinkovit energetski sistem, ki je skladen z dolgoročnimi
But it could be water shortages that will hit hardest over the coming decades.
Pomanjkanje vode pa je tisto, ki lahko v prihajajočih desetletjih najhuje prizadene človeštvo.
One estimate suggests that in just 20 years, global demand for water could be 40 % higher than today, and more than 50 % higher in the most rapidly developing countries (55).
Po eni od ocen se lahko zgodi, da bodo že čez 20 let svetovne potrebe po vodi za 40 % večje kot danes, v državah, ki doživljajo najhitrejši razvoj, pa za več kot 50 % (55).
Furthermore, according to a recent estimate prepared by the Secretariat of the Convention of Biological Diversity, the flow in more than 60 per cent of the large river systems in the world has been heavily altered.
Po oceni, ki jo je pred nedavnim pripravil Sekretariat Konvencije o biotski raznovrstnosti, je pretok vode v več kot 60 odstotkih velikih svetovnih porečij močno spremenjen.
Limits of ecological sustainability of water availability for abstraction have thus been reached, and up to 50 % of the world could be living in areas with high water stress by 2030, while more than 60% could still lack improved access to sanitation (56).
Meje ekološko trajnostne razpoložljivosti vode za črpanje so bile torej že dosežene, zato bo leta 2050 že do 50 % človeštva živelo na območjih s hudim pomanjkanjem vode, več kot 60 % pa jih takrat morda ne bo imelo zagotovljenih neoporečnih sanitarnih razmer (56).
Number of undernourished in the world; percentage of undernourished in developing countries, 1969 to 2009
Število podhranjenih po svetu; Delež podhranjenega prebivalstva v državah v razvoju, 1969–2009
Percentage of undernourished
Delež podhranjenih
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (
Organizacija Združenih narodov za prehrano in kmetijstvo (
57 information about actual performance and losses (
Infrastrukturni sistemi so pogosto stari, informacije glede njihove dejanske učinkovitosti in izgub pa so pomanjkljive (57
One estimate foresees an average annual investment need of USD 772 billion for maintaining water and wastewater services around the world by
Okvir 7.3 Ugotavljanje okoljskih pragov in planetarnih meja napovedi naj bi bila leta 2015 povprečna letna potreba po naložbah v zagotavljanje oskrbe z vodo in čiščenja odpadne vode 772 milijard
Here, potential for ripple effects for food and energy supply
V tem pogledu so ekologi opazili pragove v vrsti ključnih ekosistemskih procesov, za katere velja, da se temeljito spremeni delovanje ekosistema, če so prekoračeni.
2015 ( exist, for example, cutting agricultural output which could result in decreasing overall social resilience.
Pred nedavnim je skupina znanstvenikov predstavila številne planetarne meje, znotraj katerih mora ostati človeštvo, če se želi izogniti katastrofalnim spremembam v okolju (p).
Already today, in many parts of the world, non-renewable resource use is close to its limit and potentially renewable resources are being used beyond their reproductive capacity.
Že danes so marsikje po svetu neobnovljivi viri skoraj izčrpani, raba potencialno obnovljivih naravnih virov pa presega zmožnost njihovega obnavljanja.
This kind of dynamics can also be recognised in Europe's neighbouring regions with their comparatively rich natural capital.
Takšno dinamiko je mogoče prepoznati tudi v z naravnimi viri razmeroma bogatih regijah, ki mejijo na Evropo.
Water resource over-exploitation, combined with insufficient access to safe drinking water and sanitation, for example, are critical challenges both in Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean (35).
Čezmerno izkoriščanje vodnih virov skupaj z nezadostnim dostopom do neoporečne vode in slabimi sanitarnimi razmerami so pomembni izzivi, s katerimi se spopadajo tako v vzhodni Evropi kot v Sredozemlju (35).
Globally, efforts to alleviate extreme poverty were reasonably effective until the 1990s (51).
Po svetu so bilaprizadevanjazaomilitevskrajnerevščinerazmeromauspešnado 90. let preteklega stoletja (51).
However, the recurring food and economic crises throughout 2006 to 2009 have magnified the trend of increasing under-nourishment rates around the world.
Vendar pa se zaradi ponavljajočih se prehranskih in gospodarskih kriz v obdobju 2006–2009 podhranjenost po svetu povečuje.