natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Near-natural examples on natural rock outcrops and river gravels are more localised.
Skoraj naravne primere na naravnih kamninah na zemeljskem površju in rečnem produ je mogoče najti na bolj omejenih območjih.
Although heavy metals are usually toxic for plants, some species such as the zinc violet Viola calaminarina, the spring sandwort Minuartia verna or Young’s helleborine Epipactus youngiana, have become especially well adapted to the presence of these noxious substances.
Čeprav so težke kovine za rastline običajno strupene, so se nekatere vrste, kot je vijolica Viola calaminarina, spomladanska črvinka Minuartia verna ali širokolistna močvirnica Epipactis youngiana, tem škodljivim snovem zelo dobro prilagodile.
The low nutrients and heavy metals help to keep the vegetation open and retard succession which allows these more specialised plants to thrive without competition from the usually vigorous colonisers.
Malo hranil in težke kovine omogočajo odprto rastlinstvo in zaustavljajo sukcesijo, zaradi česar lahko te specializirane rastline uspevajo in jih pri tem ne ogrožajo običajno bujne rastline, ki bi se lahko naselile.
Selective forestry in Hainich National Park using horses. © Nationalpark Hainich
Selektivno gozdarstvo v narodnem parku Hainich, pri katerem se uporabljajo konji. © Nationalpark Hainich
Black woodpecker.
Črna žolna. Fotografija © J. Hlasek
By the 19th Century, heavy industries were omnipresent in key areas like the Ruhrgebiet or in the Black Triangle between Germany, Poland and Czech Republic.
Do 19. stoletja se je na ključnih območjih, kot je Ruhrgebiet, ali v črnem trikotniku med Nemčijo, Poljsko in Češko razvila težka industrija.
Local human populations increased substantially as people moved into these areas looking for jobs.
Lokalno prebivalstvo se je znatno povečalo, saj so se ljudje priseljevali na ta območja zaradi dela.
The impact on the environment was substantial.
Vpliv na okolje je bil precejšen. Velike površine so bile urbanizirane in preoblikovane v industrijske cone.
Pollution began to cause major problems.
Vprašanja upravljanja v celinski regiji
Only the habitats on poorer soils, such as bogs, marshes and heaths escaped major transformation.
Velikim spremembam so se izognili le habitati na tleh slabše kakovosti, kot so visoko barje, močvirja in resave.
These were managed extensively, if at all.
Če se je upravljanje teh habitatov izvajalo, je bilo ekstenzivno.
Such is the case for the areas around Pomorania, Central Bulgaria or on the Massif Central in France.
To velja za območja ob Pomorjanskem, v osrednji Bolgariji ali na Centralnem masivu v Franciji.
All still harbour large areas of valuable bogs, marshes, forests and grasslands.
Na vseh je še vedno mogoče najti prostrana območja pomembnega visokega barja, močvirij, gozdov in travišč.
Many areas located in the border regions between the old East and West frontiers also remained relatively
Več desetletij po drugi svetovni vojni je ostalo razmeroma nespremenjenih tudi veliko območij v mejnih regijah
Much of the Continental landscape has been signicantly transformed through centuries of changing land uses.
Velik del celinske pokrajine se je zaradi rabe prostora, ki se je skozi stoletja spreminjala, znatno preoblikoval.
Large areas of beech forest were cleared to provide wood for industrial furnaces and to make way for intensive large-scale farming.
Velika območja bukovega gozda so bila izsekana za les, ki se je uporabljal v industrijskih pečeh, in za intenzivno obsežno kmetijstvo.
Wetlands and floodplain meadows were drained to further increase agricultural holdings.
Mokrišča in poplavni travniki so bili izsušeni, da so se lahko dodatno povečala kmetijska gospodarstva.
Rivers were dammed, canalised and regulated to prevent floods and to provide inland navigation routes.
Reke so bile zajezene, kanalizirane in regulirane, da bi preprečili poplave in zagotovili notranje plovne poti.
la se k
Upravljanje vrst iz priloge IV – hrček la se k . H ja © J gr a to o
The European hamster Cricetus cricetus was once widespread in farmlands across the Continental Region.
Hrček Cricetus cricetus je bil na kmetijskih območjih v celotni celinski regiji nekoč zelo razširjen.
It could be found in almost every type of crop from wheat, rye, oats, barley and corn to sugar beet where it would dig complicated burrows into the loamy soil and collect seeds and other food at night.
Najti ga je bilo mogoče na območjih, na katerih so se gojile skoraj vse vrste poljščin od pšenice, rži, ovsa, ječmena in koruze do sladkorne pese, kjer si je v ilovnatih tleh kopal zapletene brloge, ponoči pa je nabiral semena in drugo hrano.
For years it was persecuted as a farmland pest and trapped for the fur trade but then the species began to decline following the move towards intensive mechanised farming.
Dolgo so ga kmetje preganjali kot škodljivca in ga lovili za trgovino s krznom, po začetku uporabe intenzivnega mehaniziranega kmetijstva pa je začela ta vrsta izginjati.
Populations dropped so dramatically that it is now strictly protected under Annex IV of the Habitats Directive in most countries.
Populacije so se tako zmanjšale, da je zdaj ta vrsta v večini držav strogo zavarovana na podlagi priloge IV k direktivi o habitatih.
In order for the increasingly fragmented populations of hamster to survive over the long term however, active management measures are also required.
Kljub temu so za dolgoročno preživetje vedno bolj razdrobljenih populacij hrčka potrebni tudi ukrepi dejavnega upravljanja.
Several countries have recently introduced conservation plans for the hamster in which they promote hamster friendly management contracts with local farmers.
Več držav je nedavno uvedlo načrte ohranjanja hrčka, v katerih spodbujajo sklepanje pogodb z lokalnimi kmeti o upravljanju, ki je prijazno hrčkom.
Farmers can receive supplementary payments under the EU’s agri-environmental schemes in some countries if they agree to carry out a number of simple measures that are benecial to hamsters.
Kmetje v nekaterih državah lahko prejmejo dopolnilna plačila v skladu s kmetijsko-okoljskimi programi EU, če se strinjajo, da bodo izvajali več preprostih ukrepov, ki so pozitivni za hrčke.
These include measures such as growing strips of alfalfa along field margins, limiting the use of fertilisers, rodenticides or herbicides, or ploughing only shallow farrows no more than 20 cm deep and harvesting after mid-October.
Ti ukrepi vključujejo na primer gojenje lucerne ob robovih polj, omejevanje uporabe gnojil, sredstev za zatiranje glodavcev ali herbicidov, ali plitvo oranje do 20 cm globine in spravilo pridelka v drugi polovici oktobra ali pozneje.
International co-operation for the Danube River basin
Mednarodno sodelovanje za porečje Donave
The Danube flows over thousands of kilometres from its source high up in the Black Forest to its mouth in the vast delta plains along the Black Sea.
Reka Donava preteče več tisoč kilometrov od izvira visoko v Schwarzwaldu do ustja na obsežni ravnici delte ob Črnem morju.
It crosses numerous countries along the way.
Na svoji poti prečka veliko držav.
For centuries, the river has been of major ecological, cultural and economic value to all of these countries.
Za vse od njih je več stoletij imela zelo velik ekološki, kulturni in gospodarski pomen.
Recognising the immense value of the river, eorts have been underway since 1985 to try to stop or even reverse some of the worst excesses of pollution and development.
Ob priznavanju izjemnega pomena te reke se od leta 1985 poskušajo zaustaviti nekateri najhujši primeri onesnaževanja in razvoja ali se poskuša celo obrniti njihov potek.
An International Convention on the protection and management of the Danube was signed by all riverine countries in 1991 and a Strategic Action Plan adopted by Environment Ministers in 1994.
Vse obrežne države so leta 1991 podpisale mednarodno konvencijo o varstvu in upravljanju reke Donave, ministri za okolje pa so leta 1994 sprejeli strateški akcijski načrt.
An international Commission for the Protection of the Danube River was set up at the same time to take this action plan forward.
Takrat je bila za izvajanje tega akcijskega načrta ustanovljena mednarodna komisija za varstvo reke Donave.
It has since also been nominated as the authority to coordinate the elaboration of the Danube River Basin Management Plan under the Water Framework Directive.
Imenovana je tudi kot organ za usklajevanje na področju priprave načrta upravljanja povodja reke Donave v skladu z okvirno direktivo o vodah.
The region’s rivers, floodplains and other wetlands have also suered badly from the high levels of industrial and agricultural pollution.
Znatno industrijsko in kmetijsko onesnaževanje je zelo negativno vplivalo tudi na reke, poplavne ravnice in druga mokrišča v regiji.
Many of the watercourses have become sterile as a result.
Zato je v veliko vodotokih izginilo življenje.
unchanged for decades after World War II.
med nekdanjimi vzhodnimi in zahodnimi mejami.
It is as if time has stood still.
Zdi se, kot da bi se tam ustavil čas.
With the recent collapse of the communist regimes and the re-opening of national borders however land uses are changing rapidly here too, either through land abandonment or intensication.
Morda bosta k upočasnitvi tega procesa prispevali reforma skupne kmetijske politike in uvedba plačil na površino, ki niso vezana na proizvodnjo.
Most rivers also underwent major physical changes over the last 200 years.
Poleg tega se je večina rek v zadnjih 200 letih bistveno spremenila. Reke so bile kanalizirane, njihov tok je bil izravnan, poglobljeno je bilo njihovo rečno dno, zgrajeni so bili nasipi in jezovi.
Some, like the Rhine were transformed into major navigation routes.
Nekatere od njih, na primer Ren, so postale pomembne plovne poti.
Others were extensively modied for hydroelectric power.
Druge so bile bistveno spremenjene zaradi pridobivanja vodne energije.
The surrounding floodplains were also drained and transformed to make way for agriculture or to prevent flooding.
Izsušene in preoblikovane so bile tudi poplavne ravnice ob rekah, da bi omogočili kmetijsko obdelovanje ali preprečili poplavljanje rek.
Yet despite these dramatic changes, fragments of the original natural and semi-natural habitats do still exist along most major rivers, albeit in a severely reduced form.
Kljub tem izjemnim spremembam je mogoče ob večini glavnih rek še vedno najti ostanke prvotnih naravnih in polnaravnih habitatov, čeprav v precej manjši obliki.
Whilst the landscape is still well forested compared to the Atlantic Region (about 27% of the land area) only a small proportion of the woodland is semi-natural broadleaf.
Čeprav je pokrajina v primerjavi z atlantsko regijo (približno 27 % površine) še vedno precej porasla z gozdovi, je med njimi le malo polnaravnih širokolistnih gozdov.
It is estimated that over 75% of the original forest has been lost and what is left has been severely altered by commercial management practices.
Ocenjuje se, da je več kot 75 % prvotnih gozdov uničenih, preostanek pa se je zaradi praks komercialnega upravljanja bistveno spremenil.
Scots pine Pinus sylvestis which under normal conditions is conned to poorer soils is now the dominant species within commercial plantations.
Rdeči bor Pinus sylvestis, ki običajno uspeva na tleh slabše kakovosti, je zdaj prevladujoča vrsta v komercialnih nasadih.
In Germany alone it accounts for 72% of all forests.
Samo v Nemčiji zajema 72 % vseh gozdov.
Air borne pollution from industrial activities has also taken its toll on the region’s biodiversity and on the forests in particular.
Na biotsko raznovrstnost regije in zlasti na gozdove je negativno vplivalo tudi onesnaževanje zraka zaradi industrijskih dejavnosti.
High emissions of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide or ammonia are, for instance, the principal cause of acid rain.
Visoke emisije žveplovega dioksida, dušikovega oksida ali amoniaka so na primer glavni vzrok kislega dežja.
Recognising the economic as well as the ecological value of these rivers, eorts are underway to adopt softer management solutions and where possible restore part of the rivers’natural dynamics.
Ob priznavanju gospodarske in ekološke vrednosti teh rek se zdaj poskušajo sprejeti blažje rešitve glede upravljanja, kjer je le mogoče, pa naj bi ponovno vzpostavili del naravne dinamike rek.
Thanks to the Water Framework Directive an integrated management approach is now required for the entire length of major rivers and their catchment areas, irrespective of political or sectoral boundaries.
Zaradi okvirne direktive o vodah je zdaj na celotni dolžini glavnih rek in v njihovih povodjih ne glede na politične ali področne meje potreben celovit pristop upravljanja.
Not only does this lead to extensive damage to the forest vegetation but it also makes stands more vulnerable to natural destructive forces such as high winds and storms, or to introduced pests and diseases.
To ne povzroča le velike škode gozdnemu rastlinstvu, ampak postajajo sestoji tudi bolj občutljivi za uničujoče naravne sile, kot so močan veter in nevihte, ali škodljivce in bolezni, ki jih napadajo.
It is estimated that a signicant proportion of the trees in Poland and Czech Republic are partly defoliated as a result.
Ocenjuje se, da je zato delno osut znaten delež dreves na Poljskem in Češkem.
Corncrake.
Kosec. Fotografija © E. Barbelette, LPO
Natura 2000 in the Continental Region
Natura 2000 v Celinski Regiji
Natura 2000 in the Atlantic Region
Natura 2000 v borealni regiji
Natura 2000 in the Boreal Region
Natura 2000 v celinski regiji
Natura 2000 in the Alpine Region
Natura 2000 v alpski regiji
Natura 2000 in the Black Sea Region
Natura 2000 v stepski regiji
Natura 2000 in the Mediterranean Region
Natura 2000 v sredozemski regiji
The European Union has nine biogeographical regions, each with its own characteristic blend of vegetation, climate and geology.
Evropska unija ima devet biogeografskih regij, v vsaki od njih pa je mogoče najti edinstveno mešanico rastlinstva, podnebnih in geoloških značilnosti.
Sites of Community Importance are selected according to each region on the basis of national lists submitted by each Member State within that region.
Območja, pomembna za Skupnost, so izbrana za vsako regijo na podlagi nacionalnih seznamov, ki jih predloži vsaka država v navedeni regiji.
Working at this level makes it easier to conserve species and habitat types under similar natural conditions across a suite of countries, irrespective of political and administrative boundaries.
Dejavnost na tej ravni omogoča lažje ohranjanje vrst in habitatnih tipov v podobnih naravnih pogojih v različnih državah ne glede na politične in upravne meje.
Together with the Special Protection Areas designated under the Birds Directive, the Sites of Community Importance selected for each biogeographical region make up the ecological Natura 2000 network which spans all 27 countries of the EU.
Skupaj s posebnimi območji varstva, določenimi v skladu z direktivo o pticah, območja, pomembna za Skupnost, ki so izbrana za posamezno biogeografsko regijo, tvorijo ekološko omrežje Natura 2000, ki se razteza prek vseh 27 držav EU.
Natura 2000 in the
Natura 2000 v alpski regiji
Additional information on Natura 2000 is available from http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature
Dodatne informacije o Naturi 2000 so na voljo na spletni stranihttp://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature
Europe Direct is a service to help you nd answers to your questions about the European Union New freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11
Europe Direct je služba za pomoč pri iskanju odgovorovna vprašanja v zvezi z Evropsko unijo.Brezplačna telefonska številka (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11
The Alpine Region – the rooftop of Europe ....................p. 3
Alpska regija – vrh Evrope......................................................str. 3
Map of Natura 2000 sites in the Alpine Region .............p. 8
Zemljevid območij Natura 2000 v alpski regiji ..............str. 8
Luxembourg: Oce for Ocial Publications of the European Communities, 2009
Veliko dodatnih informacij o Evropski uniji je na voljo na internetu.Dostop je mogoč na strežniku Europa (http://europa.eu).
© European Communities, 2009
Luxembourg: Urad za publikacije Evropske unije, 2010
Management issues in the Alpine Region........................p. 15
Vprašanja upravljanja v alpski regiji ...................................str. 15
On top of Kleinglockner mountain, Hohe Tauern National Park.
Na vrhu gore Mali Klek, Narodni park Visoke Ture. Fotografija © Nationalpark Hohe Tauern
The Alpine Region
Alpska regija
– the rooftop of Europe in the mountains is equivalent to going 100 km north in the lowlands.
Vrh Evrope na evropski celini.
The complex topography and diering exposures (sheltered south-facing slopes, snow pockets, wind-blasted crags and uneven rock screes…) also create a myriad of dierent micro-climates.
Na visokih vrhovih je mogoče najti veliko endemitov, medtem ko na število vrst na nižjih pobočjih znatno vplivata prehod z drugimi biogeografskimi regijami in dolga zgodovina združljivih načinov človekove rabe prostora.V alpski regiji je mogoče najti skupaj 119 habitatnih tipov ter 107 rastlinskih in 161 živalskih vrst iz direktive o habitatih.
Europe has several important mountain chains which stretch across the majority of the countries. Within the EU, seven of the longest and highest ranges have been included in the Alpine Biogeographical Region.
V Evropi je več pomembnih gorskih verig, ki se raztezajo prek večine držav.V alpsko biogeografsko regijo je vključenih sedem najdaljših in najvišjih gorovij v EU.
This helps explain why the Alpine Region has such a rich and diverse biodiversity.
To območje je postalo pomembno zatočišče za veliko živalskih vrst, ki so prvotno v večjem številu živele v nižinah.
Almost two-thirds of the plants on the European continent are present here.
Tu živi tudi nekaj pravih alpinskih specializiranih vrst.
The high peaks harbour many endemics whilst, on the lower slopes, species diversity is heavily inuenced by its transition with other biogeographical regions and the long history of compatible human land uses.
Mednje spadajo vrste glodavcev (npr. snežna voluharica Microtus nivalis), kopitarji (npr. kozorog Capra ibex) in veliko nevretenčarjev.
Altogether, 119 habitat types, 107 plants and 161 animal species listed in the Habitats Directive are found in the Alpine Region.
V alpski regiji je mogoče najti zelo veliko hroščev in metuljev: le v Italiji živi nad gozdno mejo približno polovica vrst metuljev.
They comprise the Alps which lie at the heart of the European Union, the Apennines that run down the spine of Italy, the Pyrenees on the border between Spain and France, the Scandes which straddle Sweden, Finland and Norway, and the Carpathians that extend in an arch from Slovakia to Romania.
Mednje spadajo Alpe, ki ležijo v središču Evropske unije, Apenini vzdolž Italije, Pireneji na meji med Španijo in Francijo, Skandinavsko gorovje, ki se razteza prek Švedske, Finske in Norveške, in Karpati, ki v loku segajo od Slovaške do Romunije.
With the Accession of Bulgaria to the EU in 2007, two new mountain ranges have been added to the Alpine Region.
S pristopom Bolgarije k EU leta 2007 je alpska regija dobila dve novi gorovji, in sicer Balkan in Rodope.
In terms of fauna, the area has become an important retreat for many species originally occurring in higher numbers in the lowlands.
Za vsa gorovja ne glede na njihovo geografsko lego so značilni razmeroma mrzlo in ostro podnebje, visoka nadmorska višina ter pogosto zapletena in pestra topografija.
Large carnivores (wolves, bears, lynx) and raptors (eagles, falcons, vultures) have been drawn to the mountains because, unlike most other regions, they still harbour large unfragmented areas where human disturbance is limited.
Nižja pobočja obdajajo gozdovi in polnaravna travišča, na višjih in hladnejših območjih pa vse redkejša drevesa postopno nadomestijo alpinska travišča, goličave in združbe grmičastih resav.
The Alpine Region is especially rich in beetles and butteries: in Italy alone, around half of the buttery species are found above the treeline.
Na vrhu med skalovjem in snegom uspeva le še nekaj zelo dobro prilagojenih rastlin, ki lahko prenesejo tako ekstremne pogoje.
Irrespective of their geographical location, all are characterised by a relatively cold and harsh climate, high altitudes and an often complex, varied topography.
Glede človekove rabe prostora in njegovega vpliva je večina gorovij redko poseljena, zlasti nad 1 000 m nadmorske višine (ali 500 m v Skandinavskem gorovju), razlogi za to pa so ostro podnebje, otežen dostop in kratke rastne sezone.
Forests and semi-natural grasslands envelop the lower slopes but, as the altitude increases and the temperature drops, trees become scarcer and eventually give way to alpine grasslands, fells and scrub heath communities.
Kljub temu je tradicionalna paša več stoletij ostala glavni temelj gorskega gospodarstva in je dodatno prispevala k že tako bogati biotski raznovrstnosti regije.
At the very top, amongst the rocks and snow, the vegetation is reduced to only a handful of highly adapted plants able to tolerate such extreme conditions.
Vendar ti načini rabe prostora zaradi pritiska opuščanja zemljišč in intenzifikacije rabe prostora zdaj hitro izginjajo.
Similar vegetation belts can be found on all mountain ranges within the Alpine Region but at diering altitudes.
Podobne rastlinske pasove je mogoče najti v vseh gorovjih v alpski regiji, le da so na različni nadmorski višini.
In the Scandes, for instance, the tree line is below 1,000 m whereas in the Pyrenees it is well above 2,000 m.
Gozdna meja v Skandinavskem gorovju je na primer pod 1 000 metri, medtem ko je v Pirenejih precej nad 2 000 metri nadmorske višine.
Because of their steep gradients, mountains have highly compressed latitudinal life zones.
Gore imajo zaradi strmih pobočij zelo zgoščene življenjske cone zemljepisne širine.
As a result, habitats and species alter rapidly with altitude. Moving 100 m upwards
Zato se z nadmorsko višino habitati in vrste hitro spreminjajo.Vzpon v gorah za 100 m je enakovreden poti 100 km proti severu v nižini.
In terms of human land-use and impacts, most mountain ranges are poorly populated, particularly above 1,000 m (or 500 m in the case of the Scandes) due to the harsh climate, dicult access and short growing seasons.
Poleg tega zapletena topografija in različna izpostavljenost (zavetna južna pobočja, zaplate snega, vetru izpostavljene pečine in spremenljiva melišča …) ustvarjata nešteto različnih mikroklimatskih pogojev.
Traditional pastoral farming practices have, nonetheless, been the mainstay of the mountain economy for centuries and have contributed further to the region’s already rich biodiversity.
S tem je mogoče pojasniti, zakaj je biotska raznovrstnost v alpski regiji tako bogata in pestra.Tu uspevata skoraj dve tretjini rastlin
Countries involved
Vključene države Countries involved
Other more recent activities are also impacting on this particularly fragile environment.
Na to zelo krhko okolje vplivajo tudi druge bolj sodobne dejavnosti.
These include, amongst others, mass tourism, large scale aorestation and deforestation, the damming and channeling of alpine rivers and the construction of roads.
Te so med drugim masovni turizem, obsežno pogozdovanje in krčenje gozdov, zajezitev in kanaliziranje alpskih rek ter gradnja cest.
Continental
Celinska Continental
Climate change presents another major threat.
Španija, Finska, Francija, Italija,
Mountain ranges in the EU Alpine Biogeographic Region:
Gorovja v alpski biogeografski regiji EU
Length of range
Dolžina gorovja
Highest peak
Najvišji vrh
The first one continues over the border into Greece but only the Bulgarian section is included in the Alpine Biogeographical Region
Prvo med njimi sega prek meje v Grčijo, vendar je v alpsko biogeografsko regijo vključen le bolgarski del.
The wooded slopes of le Canigou, eastern Pyrenees.
Z gozdom porasla pobočja gore le Canigou, vzhodni Pireneji. Fotografija © Peter Creed bili prepozni.