natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
There are therefore stronggrounds for presuming that the three ferry companies have agreed on this priceincrease and alignment in order to eliminate competition and make profits, to thedetriment of passengers, who have no other option to reach the island.
Zatoobstaja utemeljeni sum, da so se tri družbe dogovorile o povišanju in izenačitvi cen,da bi odpravile konkurenco in ustvarile dobiček na račun potnikov, ki nimajo drugemožnosti, da se prepeljejo na otok.
If several Member States are involved, it might be advisable to inform the European Commission.
Če je vključenih več držav, bi bilo o tempriporočljivo obvestiti Komisijo.
A similar situation has already occurred on lines between Italy and
Do podobnega položaja je že prišlo na progah med Italijo in Grčijo.
Certain perfumes are on sale only in a perfume shop. Whatever happened to consumer choice?
Nekateri parfumi so v prodaji samo v parfumerijah.Kaj je s svobodno izbiro kupcev?
My wife asked me to buy a French perfume for my mother-in- law’s birthday.
Soproga me je prosila, naj tašči za rojstni dan kupim francoski parfum. Poskušal sem ga kupiti v supermarketu, vendar mi je
¿ assistant told me it was sold only in perfume shops.
¿ prodajalka povedala, da ga prodajajo samo v parfumerijah.
Are theexclusive rights enjoyed by these shops legal?
Ali jeizključna pravica teh trgovin zakonita?
Although the European Commission is in favour of goods being available as widelyas possible at the best possible price, whatever the distribution network, it nevertheless accepts that certain goods are covered by special contracts reserving theirdistribution for retail outlets that meet a number of objective, qualitative conditions,for example the layout of the retail outlet or the presence of qualified staff capableof providing a particular service.
Čeprav se Komisija načeloma zavzema za to, da je blago na voljo čim širšemukrogu kupcev po čim ugodnejših cenah ne glede na distribucijski kanal, vseenosoglaša, da se prodaja določenih izdelkov na podlagi posebnih pogodb omeji naprodajalne, ki izpolnjujejo vrsto objektivnih pogojev kakovostne narave, na primerureditev prodajalne ali prisotnost kvalificiranega osebja, ki je sposobno opravitiposebne storitve.
In the case of perfume shops, this service consistsof providing customer advice, enabling customers to test the products and givingout samples.
V primeru parfumerij so te storitve svetovanje kupcem, pomočkupcem pri preizkušanju izdelkov in dajanje vzorcev.
Such agreements are authorised because they are intended toimprove the distribution of goods.
Takšni dogovori so dovoljeni,ker naj bi izboljšali distribucijo določenih izdelkov.
If the supermarket is able to meet the objective criteria laid down by the perfume supplier, it would as a rule be in a position to sell its goods, but, in general, supermarket owners are unable to make the investments demanded by suppliers, particularly with a view to offering customers a product presentation and testing service.
Če bi lahko supermarket izpolnilobjektivna merila proizvajalca parfumov, bi bil načeloma prav tako primeren za prodajo takih izdelkov, vendar lastniki supermarketov na splošno niso pripravljeni na vlaganja, kakršna zahtevajo dobavitelji, še zlasti ne v predstavitev in preizkušanje izdelkov.
In the face of redundancies, what justification is there for the Commission
Kako lahko Komisija opravičuje razglasitev državne pomoči za nezakonito,
declaring government aid illegal?
če zaradi tega grozi odpuščanje z dela?
The Commission has declared illegal the government aid grantedto a firm where I am employed.
Komisija je razglasila za nezakonito državno pomoč podjetju, vkaterem sem zaposlen.
The firm is going to have to payback the aid to the government.
Podjetje mora pomoč vrniti vladi .
We fear that this decision maylead to redundancies.
Bojimose, da bo zaradi te odločitve prišlo do odpuščanja.
I do not understand the Commission’sattitude.
Ne moremrazumeti ravnanja Komisije.
The policy of monitoring State aid is often misunderstood, particularly by peoplewho suffer directly as a result of a Commission decision.
Politika nadzora državne pomoči pogosto naleti na nerazumevanje, zlasti pri ljudeh,ki so neposredno prizadeti zaradi odločitve Komisije.
Where the Commissionforces a firm to repay unlawful aid —with damaging financial consequences for that firm —the immediate reaction of the firm’s owners or employees will necessarily be negative.
Kadar Komisija prisili podjetje,da povrne nezakonito pomoč in ima to za podjetje škodljive finančne posledice, jeneposreden odziv lastnikov podjetja ali zaposlenih nujno odklonilen.
However, the purpose of monitoring aid is not to undermine the viability of firms.
Vendar namen nadzora pomoči ni spodkopati obstoj podjetij.
On the contrary, the goal is to ensure that firms recover a lasting vitality.
Nasprotno, cilj je, da se podjetja spet trajno postavijo na noge.
The Commission condemns State aid which serves to delay the restructuring measures needed to restore firms’ competitiveness and to maintain artificially jobs that will soon disappear.
Komisija obsoja državno pomoč, ki samo odlaga ukrepe za prestrukturiranje, potrebno za obnovitev konkurenčnosti podjetij, in umetno ohranja delovna mesta, ki bodo kmalu izgubljena.
It condemns such aid all the more as it distorts competition vis-à-vis firms or regions which have carried out restructuring measures without the benefit of such aid.
Takšno pomoč še posebej obsoja, ker izkrivlja konkurenco med podjetji ali regijami, ki so prestrukturiranje izvedla brez takšne pomoči.
Thus, aid granted to a firm in order temporarily to save its business and the jobs it provides may cause difficulties for several firms and thousands of workers that receive no government aid.
Pomoč, ki je podeljena podjetju za začasno rešitev njegovega obratovanja in delovnih mest, tako lahko spravi v težave več podjetij in tisoče delavcev, ki ne dobivajo nobene državne pomoči.
How does the public benefit from theliberalisation of services of generalinterest?
Kako koristi državljanom liberalizacija storitevsplošnega interesa?
When sectors previously under a monopoly are opened up tocompetition, does this not undermine services of generalinterest?
Ali odpiranje nekdanjih monopolnih sektorjev ne ogroža storitevsplošnega interesa?
Private firms have different objectives from publicservices and I am afraid that the quest for profit may promptthese firms to abandon unprofitable activities or to be lessrigorous on matters of safety and public health.
Zasebna podjetja imajo drugačne intereseod javnih služb in bojim se, da lov teh podjetij za dobičkom neprivede do opustitve nedonosnih dejavnosti ali da so manjstroga glede vprašanj varnosti in javnega zdravja.
What positiveeffects can the public eventually expect from liberalisation?
Kakšneugodne učinke lahko državljani pričakujejo od liberalizacije?
In some sectors, for example air transport and telecommunications, liberalisationhas clearly brought benefits to consumers, in terms of prices and the services on offer, without calling into question flight safety or access to telecommunications
V nekaterih sektorjih, na primer v letalskem prometu in v telekomunikacijah, jeprinesla liberalizacija porabnikom nesporne koristi glede cen in ponudbe storitev,ne da bi bila zaradi tega postavljena pod vprašaj varnost poletov ali dostop dotelekomunikacijskih storitev v geografsko odmaknjenih območjih. Ti uspehi so plod
X services in geographically remote areas. Thesesuccesses are due to the balanced liberalisationpolicy pursued by the European Union, which notonly encourages competition between firms —thusguaranteeing competitiveness and cost savings —but also acknowledges the role of services ofgeneral interest in maintaining the economic andsocial cohesion of the Union.
X uravnovešene politike liberalizacije, ki jo vodi Evropska unija, ki ne spodbuja samo konkurencemed podjetji in s tem zagotavlja konkurenčnost inprihranek pri stroških, ampak priznava tudipomembnost storitev splošnega interesa zagospodarsko in družbeno povezanost Unije.
Basic services such as compulsory education or social security are therefore excluded in principle fromthe liberalisation process.
Zato soosnovne storitve, kot sta obvezno šolanje in socialnozavarovanje, načeloma izključene iz procesa liberalizacije.
The Commission also encourages Member States to setup watchdog bodies to regulate liberalised markets in order to prevent practiceswhich would harm intermediate and final consumers.
Komisija tudi poziva države članice, naj postavijo organe za zakonskourejanje liberaliziranih trgov, da bi preprečili ravnanje, ki bi škodilo vmesnim inkončnim porabnikom.
So the public has gained agreat deal from the policy of liberalisation: lower prices, a wider range of services,more efficient services and a guarantee of government scrutiny.
Državljani tako s politiko liberalizacije veliko pridobijo: nižjecene, širšo izbiro storitev, učinkovitejše storitve in zagotovljen nadzor s stranidržavnih organov.
As a European Union citizen, you may in your everyday life encounter situations where there are signs of possible anti-competitive practices, such as those we have just described: simultaneous and apparently unjustified price increases, refusal to accept orders from customers in another Community Member State, etc.
Kot državljan Evropske unije lahko v vsakdanjem življenju naletite na znamenja morebitnih protikonkurenčnih ravnanj, kakršna smo že opisali: sočasne in očitno neupravičene podražitve, zavrnitev naročil od kupcev iz druge države članice itd.
If you find that competition is appreciably affected as a result, you may file a complaint.
Če se vam zdi, da je zaradi tega bistveno prizadeta konkurenca,lahko vložite pritožbo.
If the presumed restriction of competition appreciably affects trade between
Če domnevno omejevanje konkurence občutno prizadeva trgovino med državami članicami,lahko državljan razmisli o korakih na podlagi zakonodaje
Member States, you may consider bringing a case under Community lawby referring the matter either to the European Commission, if it seems to concern several Member States (or even the whole Community), or to the domestic competition authorities or law courtsif it appears mainly to concern only one Member State.
Skupnosti, s tem da zadevo predloži Evropski komisiji,če kaže, da to zadeva več držav članic (ali celo celotno Skupnost), ali domačim organom za konkurenco ali sodiščem,če kaže, da to v glavnem zadeva le eno državo članico.
Member States, you should contact the domestic competition authorities or law courtsonly, on the basis of the domestic competition law of the
Če pa je jasno, da ni prizadeta trgovina med državami članicami, se morate obrniti samo na domače organe za konkurencoali na sodišča, in sicer na
# country.
# podlagi domače zakonodaje o konkurenci.
Once you have answered these questions, what course of action can you consider taking?
Ko ste odgovorili na ta vprašanja, se vam zastavi vprašanje, kakšen postopek naj bi izbrali. Imate dve možnosti.
You may contact the European or domestic authorities personally.
Lahko se osebno obrnete na evropske ali domače organe.
Commission may not see sufficient Community interest to take further action.
Vendar obstaja v tem primeru nevarnost, da utegne biti vaša pritožba osamljena in da Komisija ne bo videla zadostnega interesa Skupnosti, da bi uvedla postopek.
You may bring the problem to the attention of a consumer organisation.If the restriction of competition appreciably affects the common market, it is likely that the consumer organisation will already have received a number of similar complaints or letters. It may then contact other national or
Z zadevo seznanite pristojno službo za varstvo potrošnikov.Če omejevanje konkurence občutno prizadeva skupni trg, je služba verjetno že dobila številne podobne pritožbe ali pisma.
It may file a complaint on behalf of consumers in the Union and establish the Community interest in the case. For the sake of efficiency, both for the individual and for the
Potem lahko stopi v stik z drugimi nacionalnimi ali evropskimi združenji, vloži primerno utemeljeno pritožbo v imenu
# authorities, it would seem preferable to choose this collective course of action.
# porabnikov v Uniji in opredeli interes Skupnosti v danem primeru.
When addressing a complaintto the European Commission, whether it be an individual or a collective complaint, a simple letterwill suffice. It must contain the following information:
Za vložitev pritožbe Evropski komisiji, pa naj gre za individualno ali kolektivno pritožbo, je dovolj poslati navadnopismo, ki mora vsebovati naslednje podatke:
• the complainant’s name and address;
• ime in naslov pritožnika;
• the identity of the firm(s) in question;
• ime vpletenega podjetja ali podjetij;
•evidence of the complainant’s legitimate interest in the matter;
• dokaz(e) o utemeljenih razlogih pritožnika v dani zadevi;
•a clear description of the subject matter of the complaint and a
• jasen opis predmeta pritožbe in razloge za mnenje, da zadevno
% statement of the reasons for thinking that the practice in question infringes the rules of Community competition law.
% ravnanje krši predpise Skupnosti o konkurenci.
Once it has received the complaint, the European Commission may act in one of two ways.
Ko Komisija prejme pritožbo, lahko ukrepa na dva načina:
1.It may consider that the facts set out in the complaint give firm grounds for suspecting that there is an unlawful anti-competitive practiceinfringing the competition rules of the Treaty and itself launch an investigationto determine whether or not an infringement has taken place (‘own-initiative’ proceedings).
1.Ugotovi, da dajejo navedbe v pritožbi utemeljene razloge za sum, da gre za nezakonito protikonkurenčno ravnanje,ki je v nasprotju s konkurenčnimi pravili v Pogodbi, in sama uvede preiskavo, da ugotovi, ali gre za kršitev ali ne
If the investigation uncovers evidence of an infringement, the
(postopek “po uradni dolžnosti”). Če preiskava odkrije dokaze o kršitvi, sprejme
Commission, after going through the requisite procedural stages, will adopt a decision which may prohibit agreements, order an end to the offending
Komisija po končanih predpisanih stopnjah postopka sklep, s katerim lahko prepove dogovor, ukaže opustitev nezakonitega ravnanja in izreče kazen.
2.After examining the complaint, the Commission may consider that the case does not constitute an infringement of competition rules or does not display sufficient Community interest.In the second case, the Commission may send the case file to the competition authority in the Member State where the effects of the practice are most felt, as the domestic authorities may be interested in pursuing the matter.
/ zadosten.V drugem primeru lahko Komisija pošlje spis pristojnemu organu za konkurenco v državi članici, kjer so posledice nedovoljenega ravnanja najbolj občutne, saj bi nacionalne oblasti utegnile pokazati zanimanje za nadaljevanje postopka.
United Kingdom
Ministrstvo za finance
Department of Trade and Industry10 Victoria Street London SW1H OETTel. (44-20) 72 15 50 00
Ljubljana, Beethovnova 11Tel: (386-1) 478 65 24Faks: (386-1) 478 66 11
National competition authorities
Državni organi zakonkurenco
Irish Competition Authority Parnell House14 Parnell Square Dublin 1Tel. (353-1) 804 54 00
Kotnikova 28/VII Ljubljana Tel: (386-1) 478 35 97Faks: (386-1) 478 36 08
The Directorate-General for Competition (sometimes abbreviated to ‘DG COMP’)publicises its activities through a number of media.
Generalna direkcija za konkurenco (včasih s kratico “DG COMP”) objavljainformacije o svojem delu v številnih medijih.
Publications in electronic form
Publikacije v elektronski obliki
On the Internet (http://europa.eu.int), you can find legislation, judgments of the Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance, Commission decisions, pressreleases, the Directorate-General’s newsletter, articles and speeches by the Commissioner, etc.
Na internetu (http://europa.eu.int) najdete zakonodajo, sodbe Sodišča Evropskihskupnosti in prvostopenjskih sodišč, sklepe Komisije, sporočila za medije, biltengeneralne direkcije, članke in govore komisarja itd.
These publications are on sale from:
Publikacije so v prodaji pri:
Government Supplies Agency Publications Section4–5 Harcourt Road Dublin 2Tel. (353-1) 661 31 11Fax (353-1) 475 27 60
Dunajska cesta 5 SLO-1000 Ljubljana Tel. (386) 613 09 1804 Faks (386) 613 09 1805 E-mail: europ@gvestnik.si URL: http://www.gvzalozba.com
EU competition policy and the consumer
Konkurenčna politika EU in potrošnik
In practical terms …
Praktično …
Where can I get more information?Useful addresses and glossarypages 22-27
Kje lahko dobim več informacij?Koristni naslovi in slovarček strani 22–27 e podjetij vljanje poštene igr
Opening up mark pages 12-14
Presoja združitev strani 8–11
Monitoring State aid pages 15-19 o operation International c pages 20-21 o D is c
Odpiranje trgov za konkurenco strani 12–14 žavnih pomoči vanjem dr
This booklet has been prepared by the Directorate-General for Competition of the European Commission as a guide for non-specialists.
To knjižico je pripravil Generalni direktorat Evropske komisije za konkurenco kot vodič za laike.
It does not have any legal value and does not bind the European Commission in any way.
Nima pravne vrednosti in na noben način ne zavezuje Evropske komisije.
Making sure companies play fair
Zagotavljanje poštene igre podjetij
Why are cartels so bad for the economy and how do you find them?
Zakaj so karteli tako slabi za gospodarstvo in kako jih odkrijete?
in any cartel to do so will not have to pay a fine. is results in the cartel being destabilised. e policy has been very successful since its introduction in the EU.
Kartel je skupina podobnih, neodvisnih podjetij, ki se povežejo, da bi nadzirala cene ali si razdelila trge in omejila konkurenco.
A cartel is a group of similar, independent companies which join together to control prices or divide up markets and limit competition.
član kartela priznal udeležbo in zaprosil za prizanesljivost, čeprav Evropska komisija prav tako uspešno nadaljuje z izvajanjem lastnih preiskav za odkrivanje kartelov.
Participants in a cartel can rely on their agreed market share and do not need to provide new products or quality services at competitive prices. erefore, consumers end up paying more for less quality.
V primerih kartelov so bile na leto izrečene globe v skupnem znesku od 0,5 do 1 milijarde EUR. Te globe se stekajo v proračun Skupnosti, pomagajo pri financiranju EU in navsezadnje prihranijo denar davkoplačevalcev.
In a free market, business is a competitive game.
Na prostem trgu je poslovanje tekmovalna igra.
Sometimes, companies may be tempted to avoid competing with each other and try to set their own rules for the game.
Od časa do časa lahko podjetja zamika, da bi se izognila medsebojnemu tekmovanju, in poskušajo postaviti lastna pravila igre.
At times, a major player in the game may try to squeeze its competitors out of the market.
Včasih lahko močnejši igralec poskuša izriniti svoje konkurente s trga.
The European Commission acts as the referee to ensure that all companies play by the same rules.
Evropska komisija nastopa v vlogi sodnika, da bi za vsa podjetja zagotovila enaka pravila igre.
VITAMIN CARTELSIn 2001, the European Commission fined eight companies (among which Hoffman-La Roche) for their participation in cartels designed to eliminate competition in the vitamin sector.
Leta 2001 je Evropska komisija oglobila osem podjetij (med njimi družbo Hoffman-La Roche) zaradi njihovega sodelovanja v kartelih, katerih cilj je bil odpraviti konkurenco na področju vitaminov.
Vitamins are used in a wide variety of products, such as cereals, biscuits, drinks, animal feed, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
Vitamini se uporabljajo v raznovrstnih izdelkih, kot so žitarice, piškoti, pijače, živalska krma, farmacevtski in kozmetični izdelki.
This was reflected in the fine of more than EUR 800 million.
Temu primerno visoka je bila tudi globa: preko 800 milijonov EUR.
For almost 10 years, the companies were able to charge higher prices than if there had been real competition between them, harming consumers and allowing the companies to make illicit profits. ts.
Skoraj 10 let so lahko ta podjetja zaračunavala višje cene, kakor bi jih lahko, če bi med njimi obstajala prava konkurenca, kar je škodovalo potrošnikom in omogočalo podjetjem doseganje nezakonitih dobičkov.
Annual fines totalling between EUR 0.5 billion and EUR 1 billion have been imposed in cartel cases. ese fines go into the Community budget, help finance the EU and ultimately save taxpayers’ money.
Zato so karteli po konkurenčnem pravu EU nezakoniti, Evropska komisija pa nalaga visoke globe podjetjem, ki v njih sodelujejo.
Perhaps more importantly, the risk of large fines deters companies from setting up or continuing cartels.
Ker so karteli nezakoniti, so na splošno zelo skrivni, dokazov o njihovem obstoju pa ni lahko najti.
is is why cartels are illegal under EU competition law and why the European Commission imposes heavy fines on companies involved in a cartel.
„Politika prizanesljivosti“ spodbuja podjetja, da Evropski komisiji predajo notranje dokaze o kartelih.
Since cartels are illegal, they are generally highly secretive and evidence of cartels is not easy to find. find.
V katerem koli kartelu prvemu podjetju, ki to stori, ni treba plačati globe, kar privede do destabilizacije kartela.
e ‘leniency policy’ encourages companies to hand over inside evidence of cartels to the European Commission. e first company
V zadnjih letih je Evropska komisija odkrila večino kartelov potem, ko je
Companies conclude agreements every day: are they all illegal?
Podjetja sklepajo sporazume vsak dan: ali so vsi nezakoniti?
ere are certain types of agreements which are particularly harmful for competition and are therefore almost always prohibited, namely secret cartels and other agreements in which competitors agree to fix prices, to limit production or to share markets or customers between them.
Obstajajo določene vrste sporazumov, ki so posebej škodljivi za konkurenco in so zato skoraj vedno prepovedani, namreč tajni karteli in drugi sporazumi, s katerimi se konkurenti dogovorijo, da bodo določili cene, omejili proizvodnjo ali si med seboj razdelili trge ali stranke.
Agreements between a producer and its distributors may also be prohibited, especially if they f i x resale prices.
Prav tako so lahko prepovedani sporazumi med proizvajalcem in njegovimi distributerji, zlasti če določajo cene pri nadaljnji prodaji.
for luxury perfume impose some restrictions on retailers as to the shop decoration or the training of personnel.
izdelkov potrošnikom. Na primer, novi izdelki, ki zahtevajo drage raziskave, so lahko potrošnikom razpoložljivi le, če več podjetij združi svoja prizadevanja pri njihovem razvoju.
On the other hand these agreements ensure that consumers can both buy in an environment which suits the product and benefit from personalised advice. ey also avoid a situation where one distributor ‘free rides’ on the promotional efforts of another distributor.
Raziskovalni in razvojni sporazumi ter sporazumi o prenosu tehnologije so zato pogosto združljivi s konkurenčnim pravom.
Whether other distribution arrangements, such as exclusive distribution or selective distribution, are lawful will depend on the market position of the companies involved and requires individual assessment above certain market share thresholds.
Podobno velja tudi za druge sporazume o sodelovanju (na področju skupne proizvodnje, nabave ali trženja oziroma standardizacije), vendar pa je za njihovo združljivost s konkurenčnim pravom običajno odločilna podrobna presoja okoliščin in ekonomskih koristi teh sporazumov.
Agreements between rival companies may restrict competition but may also be necessary to improve products or services, develop new products or find new and better ways of making products available to consumers.
Vsi sporazumi, ki omejujejo konkurenco, niso nujno nezakoniti.
For example, new products requiring expensive research may only become available to consumers if several companies pool their efforts to develop them.
Sporazumi, ki imajo več pozitivnih kot negativnih učinkov, so dovoljeni.