natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Card schemes/banks which have opted to replace the national brand by an international one were motivated by time and easiness considerations.
Kartične sheme oz. banke, ki so se odločile, da nacionalno blagovno znamko zamenjajo z mednarodno, so to možnost izbrale zaradi časovnih omejitev in preproste izvedbe.
However, another factor might have been interchange fees, which are typically higher in international schemes than in national ones.
Vseeno je mogoče, da so jih k temu spodbudile tudi medbančne provizije, ki so v mednarodnih shemah praviloma višje kot v nacionalnih.
In principle, interchange flows should be neutral for the banking sector, but they are too often seen as a source of guaranteed revenues for the banks participating in the scheme (especially issuers, of course).
V načelu bi morali biti medbančni tokovi za bančni sektor nevtralni, vendar banke, ki sodelujejo v shemi (seveda predvsem izdajatelji), v njih pogosto vidijo tudi zanesljiv vir prihodkov.
THE EURO ALLIANCE OF PAYMENT SCHEMES (EAPS)
– kartice, ki so izdane v okviru mednarodne kartične sheme, so sprejete (skoraj) povsod;
– there is (near) universal acceptance of cards issued under international card schemes;
– co-branding shemam in bankam omogoča, da ohranijo določeno raven »notranjega upravljanja« oziroma lokalno avtonomijo;
– cobranding allows schemes and banks to retain some degree of “internal governance” or local autonomy;
– specifične lokalne zahteve je mogoče izpolniti, ne da bi se znižala kakovost storitev;
Several card schemes/banks have recognised the political importance of building a euro area scheme.
Več kartičnih shem in bank se je zavedlo političnega pomena vzpostavitve kartične sheme na ravni euroobmočja.
For the moment, the only existing initiative under Option 2 is EAPS, which comprises as its founding members Electronic Cash and Deutsches Geldautomaten-System (Germany), the Convenzione per la Gestione del marchio Bancomat (COGEBAN, Italy), Eufiserv (a European supplier of processing services for ATMs, based in Brussels), Link
Zaenkrat je edina predstavnica druge možnosti pobuda EAPS, ki povezuje ustanovne člane Electronic Cash in Deutsches Geldautomaten-System (Nemčija), Convenzione per la Gestione del marchio Bancomat (COGEBAN, Italija), Eufiserv (evropski center s sedežem v Bruslju za procesiranje transakcij na bankomatih), Link (britanski upravitelj mreže bankomatov), Euro 6000 (Španija) in Multibanco (Portugalska).
– it is possible to meet specific local requirements without any deterioration in the service level;
– razmeroma lahko je doseči skladnost z zahtevami SEPA.
THE EUROSYSTEM’S VIEW OF A SEPA FOR CARDS
STALIŠČE EUROSISTEMA O „SEPA ZA KARTICE”
In a SEPA for cards, card schemes will operate as if in a single country.
V okolju SEPA za kartice bodo kartične sheme delovalo enako, kot če bi bile vse v eni državi.
A SEPA for cards will have the following characteristics:
SEPA za kartice bo imela naslednje značilnosti:
However, in a competitive, integrated and mature market, it will be in the commercial interest of merchants to accept most euro area brands – as is currently the case for national brands in national markets.
Vendar pa bo na konkurenčnem, povezanem in zrelem trgu v interesu trgovcev, da sprejmejo večino blagovnih znamk iz euroobmočja – enako, kot zdaj velja za nacionalne blagovne znamke na nacionalnih trgih.
Therefore, acceptance will not be compulsory, but it is expected that it will gradually reach its development potential.
Sprejem torej ne bo obvezen, se pa pričakuje, da bo postopno dosegel svoj razvojni potencial.
1) consumers can choose among various competing payment card schemes which do not have a pre-assigned priority in use at POS terminals;
1) uporabniki lahko izbirajo med različnimi konkurenčnimi kartičnimi shemami, ki nimajo vnaprej določene prioritete na terminalih prodajnih mest (POS);
3) all the technical and contractual provisions, business practices and standards which had resulted in a national segmentation of the euro area have been eliminated.
3) vsa tehnična in pogodbena določila, poslovne prakse in standardi, ki so v preteklosti povzročali nacionalno segmentacijo euroobmočja, so odpravljeni.
In particular, there is no obstacle for merchants to accept any SCF-compliant payment cards.
Še zlasti velja, da trgovci lahko neovirano sprejemajo vse plačilne kartice, ki so skladne z okvirom delovanja SCF.
SEPA compliance for card schemes does not entail that their cards have to be issued and/or acquired in all euro area countries.
Skladnost s SEPA za kartične sheme ne pomeni, da morajo biti njihove kartice izdane oziroma sprejete v vseh državah članicah euroobmočja.
The degree of expansion is a business decision.
Stopnja širitve je odvisna od poslovne odločitve sheme.
However, schemes should lay down fair and open access criteria for potential member banks located anywhere in the euro area, under the same conditions as national commercial banks.
Vseeno pa bi sheme morale opredeliti poštene in jasne kriterije za pristop zainteresiranih bank, ki se nahajajo kjer koli v euroobmočju, pod enakimi pogoji kot za nacionalne poslovne banke.
It is also seen as a natural long-term development that in a competitive, integrated and mature market, the remaining schemes will broadly cover the entire euro area, in the same way that national schemes are currently largely accepted in their national markets.
Poleg tega je mogoče pričakovati, da bo naravni dolgoročni razvoj dogodkov pripeljal do tega, da bodo na konkurenčnem, povezanem in zrelem trgu preostale sheme večinoma pokrivale celotno euroobmočje, podobno kot so nacionalne sheme danes večinoma sprejete na nacionalnih trgih.
Threeparty schemes such as American Express and Diners are also expected to abide by the SEPA compliance principles.
Načela skladnosti s SEPA bodo po pričakovanjih spoštovale tudi tristranske sheme, kot sta American Express in Diners.
The rules and conditions for the same card cannot differ for reasons of geographical location.
Pravila in pogoji uporabe se za isto kartico ne morejo razlikovati zaradi geografskih razlogov.
The conditions which lay the ground for SEPA should be in place and should address technical, legal and commercial aspects:
Pogoji, ki vzpostavljajo SEPA, bi morali biti izpolnjeni in bi morali obravnavati tehnična, pravna in poslovna vprašanja:
When SEPA becomes a truly integrated card market, the two key characteristics will be card acceptance and competition.
Ko bo SEPA postala dejansko povezan kartični trg, bosta ključna dejavnika sprejemljivost kartic in konkurenca.
CARD ACCEPTANCE
Sheme bi morale zagotoviti, da obstajajo za to potrebni tehnični standardi.
TECHNICAL CONDITIONSUniform standards will ensure a technical level playingfield for all euro area card schemes and infrastructure/service providers.
TEHNIČNI POGOJIEnotni standardi bodo zagotovili tehnično enake konkurenčne pogoje za vse kartične sheme ter ponudnike infrastrukture in storitev v euroobmočju.
Standards should cover every phase of the transaction chain (cardholder-to-terminal, terminal-to-acquirer, acquirer-to-issuer) and the security evaluation and certification of technical devices (in particular concerning terminals whereas standards and an adequate and independent certification body need to be set up in order to ensure that different payment applications coexist) and also focus on preventing fraud.
Standardi bi morali pokrivati vse člene v transakcijski verigi (od imetnika kartice do terminala, od terminala do pridobitelja, od pridobitelja do izdajatelja), varnostno oceno in certifikacijo tehničnih naprav (še zlasti glede terminalov, kjer je treba vzpostaviti standarde in ustrezen neodvisni certifikacijski organ, da se zagotovi soobstoj različnih plačilnih aplikacij). Obenem bi morali standardi prispevati tudi k preprečevanju zlorab.
Within SEPA, there should not be any technical hurdle (or any other kind of obstacle) for any card to be used at any terminal.
Dejanski sprejem bi moral biti odvisen edino od pričakovanih poslovnih prednosti za trgovce.
The technical acquiring conditions of competing schemes in SEPA should be such that merchants are indifferent to what brand of card they accept.
Trgovci se lahko svobodno odločijo, katere blagovne znamke/vrste kartic sprejemajo.
Schemes should ensure that the necessary technical standards are in place for this.
Pomembno je, da imajo vsi udeleženci možnost sodelovati pri oblikovanju standardov, ki morajo biti nevtralni, usmerjeni v prihodnost in
RISKS RELATED TO SEPA MIGRATION
TVEGANJA, POVEZANA Z MIGRACIJO V SEPA
Concerning the feasibility of the options:
Glede izvedljivosti različnih možnosti:
It is important that all stakeholders are free to participate in the definition of standards, which should be neutral, future-oriented and not nationally biased, with the aim of guaranteeing universal adoption and avoiding placing particular infrastructure/service providers in a better starting position.
– 1. možnost – zamenjava nacionalne sheme z mednarodno – je za banke lažje in hitreje izvedljiva, ker večina že sodeluje z Visa/ MasterCard v obstoječem okviru co-brandinga; nacionalno nepristranski, oblikovani tako, da zagotavljajo splošen sprejem in preprečujejo možnost, da bi določen ponudnik storitev ali infrastrukture dobil ugodnejši izhodiščni položaj.
Standardisation will empower competition forces (which up to now have been limited within national borders), and will encourage efficiency, innovation, and better services and prices.
Standardizacija bo okrepila konkurenco (ki je bila doslej omejena na nacionalno raven) in prispevala k večji učinkovitosti in inovativnosti ter boljšim storitvam ob nižjih cenah.
The EPC is currently working on such standards, which the Eurosystem expects will be compulsory for all stakeholders.
EPC je že začel s pripravo takšnih standardov, za katere Eurosistem pričakuje, da bodo obvezni za vse udeležene.
– expansion or alliances, i.e. Option 2, need to overcome some difficult challenges such as explaining to cardholders the use/acceptance of such cards in other countries (e.g. the establishment of a brand) or designing agreements between schemes that partly function in different ways.
– 2. možnost – širitev ali povezovanje – bi morala rešiti nekaj zahtevnih vprašanj, npr. imetnikom kartic pojasniti uporabo in sprejem takšnih kartic v drugih državah (npr. oblikovanje blagovne znamke) ter oblikovati sporazume med shemami, ki ne delujejo na povsem enak način.
Furthermore, the success of such initiatives depends on participation: in the case of expansion, the number of foreign banks issuing and acquiring the cards and of merchants accepting them is critical for success.
Poleg tega je uspeh take pobude odvisen od sodelovanja – v primeru širitve bi bilo za uspeh odločilno število bank, ki bi izdajale in pridobivale kartice, kot tudi število trgovcev, ki kartice sprejemajo.
In the case of alliances, the number of participating schemes is crucial;
V primeru povezovanja pa bi bilo odločilno število sodelujočih shem;
LEGAL CONDITIONSCurrent regulatory differences across the euro area create legal uncertainty for crossborder operations and function as barriers.
– 3. možnost – co-branding – se zdi razmeroma preprosta izbira, saj že obstaja v večini držav. Vseeno bi morala SEPA mednarodnim shemam omogočati tudi to, da z nacionalnimi shemami tekmujejo za domače transakcije.
The Payment Services Directive will fill the current void and provide the necessary legal certainty for the expansion of operations across the euro area.
Direktiva o plačilnih storitvah bo zapolnila sedanjo praznino in zagotovila potrebno pravno gotovost za širitev operacij na euroobmočje.
Even if the transposition of the Directive into national law is not completed by 1 January 2008, the Directive itself will provide sufficient legal certainty to the parties concerned.
Tudi če vključitev direktive v nacionalno zakonodajo ne bo končana do 1. januarja 2008, bo zadevnim strankam zadostno pravno gotovost zagotavljala že direktiva sama.
The decisions of national and European authorities on specific interchange fee cases need to be aligned and coherent.
Poleg tega mora Evropska komisija čim prej opredeliti načela glede medbančnih provizij, ki veljajo v euroobmočju.
– co-branding, i.e. Option 3, seems to be a relatively easy option to follow as this is currently the case in most countries; however, SEPA should allow international schemes to compete with national ones for national transactions.
Odločitve nacionalnih in evropskih oblasti o konkretnih primerih medbančnih provizij morajo biti medsebojno usklajene in logično povezane.
Concerning the degree of SEPA compliance of the options:
Glede stopnje skladnosti različnih možnosti s SEPA:
COMMERCIAL CONDITIONSThe elimination of commercial barriers such as diverging national business rules and practices is also intrinsic to the emergence of a SEPA for cards; these barriers should therefore be eliminated by 1 January 2008.
POSLOVNI POGOJIZa vzpostavitev okolja SEPA za kartice je nujna tudi odprava poslovnih ovir, kot so različna nacionalna poslovna pravila in prakse, zato bi te ovire do 1. januarja 2008 morale biti odpravljene.
Diverging national commercial practices obstruct the development of SEPA-wide business proposals.
Različne nacionalne poslovne prakse ovirajo pripravo poslovnih predlogov za celotno SEPA.
The EPC has addressed this problem by agreeing on the SCF, although this is rather general when it comes to practical implementation.
Za rešitev tega problema je Evropski svet za plačila sprejel okvir delovanja SEPA za kartice, ki pa je dokaj splošen glede vprašanj praktične izvedbe.
– the replacement of a national scheme by an international one, i.e. Option 1, is fully SEPA-compliant, provided that transactions within the country and between different euro area countries are not subject to different conditions for the same card.
– 1. možnost – zamenjava nacionalne sheme z mednarodno – je povsem skladna s SEPA, pod pogojem, da za transakcije v državah in med državami euroobmočja ne veljajo različni pogoji, ko gre za isto kartico.
There has to be a euro area service that is fully adjusted to the SEPA requirements (of course, the scheme is free to adapt its service outside SEPA to the SEPA requirements in order to simplify its operations);
– 2. možnost – širitev ali povezovanje – je povsem skladna s SEPA, pod pogojem, da so izpolnjene zahteve SEPA, nacionalni trgi pa odprti za konkurenco;
The Eurosystem is not opposed per se to any shareholder-driven solutions, but it does consider that these could lead to excessive price increases if the number of competitors is insufficient.
povečanja cen, če bi bilo število konkurenčnih ponudnikov prenizko.
The existence of at least one more European bank-owned scheme would lessen the risk of price increases.
Tveganje višjih cen bi bilo manjše, če bi obstajala vsaj še ena shema v lasti katere od evropskih bank.
– co-branding, i.e. Option 3, is in principle SEPA-compliant, provided that the SEPA requirements are met by all national card payment schemes and that national markets are open to competition.
– 3. možnost – co-branding – je povsem skladna s SEPA, pod pogojem, da vse nacionalne kartične sheme izpolnjujejo zahteve SEPA, nacionalni trgi pa so odprti za konkurenco.
However, even if Options 1 and 3 can clearly help banks and card schemes to be SEPA-compliant by 1 January 2008, they nevertheless give rise to concerns in the long run.
1. in 3. možnost bankam in kartičnim shemam resda omogočata, da se s SEPA uskladijo še pred 1. januarjem 2008, vseeno pa so z njima na dolgi rok povezana nekatera vprašanja.
Finally, Option 3 could crystallise national fragmentation.
Končno, 3. možnost bi lahko trajno utrdila nacionalno razdrobljenost.
If the card industry massively opts in favour of cobranding and this situation becomes permanent, economies of scale would not materialise in the euro area, and competition between national schemes would remain limited.
Če se panoga kartičnih shem množično odloči za co-branding in takšna struktura postane trajna, v euroobmočju ne bo mogoče izkoristiti prednosti ekonomij obsega, konkurenca med nacionalnimi shemami pa bo ostala omejena.
Therefore, cobranding cannot be the only, or even the main, solution in the long term.
Zato co-branding na dolgi rok ne more biti edina ali celo glavna rešitev.
Rather, it should mostly be seen as a short-term solution designed to facilitate SEPA compliance by 2008 and 2010.
Bolj smiselno bi ga bilo razumeti kot kratkoročno rešitev, ki je namenjena lažji uskladitvi s SEPA do leta 2008 in 2010.
Concerning Option 1, the Eurosystem welcomes the willingness of Visa and MasterCard to offer a domestic service for the euro area. However, the Eurosystem is concerned about the emergence of a situation whereby the two international card schemes would progressively become the only providers of card payment services offered by banks in the euro area.
Glede na tveganje, da bi se migracija v SEPA lahko sprevrgla v poslabšanje pogojev tako za imetnike kartic kot za trgovce, kar bi spet vplivalo na banke in bi se lahko odrazilo v zelo negativni podobi SEPA, se zdi Eurosistemu potrebno, da pojasni niz določb javnih politik, ki jih morajo sheme in banke upoštevati poleg okvira delovanja SEPA, ki ga je izdal Evropski svet za plačila, če želijo delovati v SEPA.
Indeed, interchange fees are higher with Visa and MasterCard than with national schemes.
Medbančne provizije so v okviru Visa in MasterCard dejansko višje kot pri nacionalnih shemah.
Therefore the extension of the use of these two schemes at the domestic level creates the risk that merchants could have to pay higher fees.
Zato razširitev teh dveh shem na domačo raven predstavlja tveganje, da bodo morali trgovci plačevati višje provizije.
For this reason, merchants have expressed significant concerns about the side-effects of SEPA migration.
Slednji so že izrazili veliko zaskrbljenost glede stranskih učinkov migracije v SEPA.
In Belgium, for example, it was decided that Bancontact/MisterCash, a very efficient and low-cost scheme without interchange fees, will be replaced by Maestro.
Tako je bilo na primer v Belgiji odločeno, da bo Maestro zamenjal sedanji Bancontact/MisterCash, ki je zelo učinkovita in nizkocenovna shema brez medbančnih provizij.
Belgian merchants have expressed fears that this may lead to the introduction of interchange fees, thus raising merchants’ service charges.
Belgijski trgovci se bojijo, da bi bile zaradi tega uvedene medbančne provizije, kar bi dvignilo tudi provizije, ki jih morajo plačevati sami.
National card schemes generally offer efficient and inexpensive card payment services in the national markets.
Nacionalne kartične sheme na splošno nudijo učinkovite in nedrage storitve plačevanja s karticami na nacionalnih trgih.
A SEPA for cards could capitalise on this in order to ensure an equally efficient and inexpensive service for the entire euro area market.
SEPA za kartice bi lahko to izkoristila za zagotovitev prav tako učinkovitih in ugodnih storitev na celotnem trgu euroobmočja.
As a result, the Eurosystem fears that competition limited to the two systems would be insufficient to maintain the present low level of fees in Europe.
Eurosistem se zaradi teh razlogov boji, da konkurenca, omejena na ta dva sistema, ne bi zadoščala za ohranitev trenutno nizke ravni provizij v Evropi.
Concerns about competition conditions have been exacerbated by governance aspects.
Zaskrbljenost v zvezi s konkurenčnimi pogoji se je še povečala zaradi vprašanja samega upravljanja shem.
MasterCard recently changed its ownership structure from a membership userdriven model to a shareholder-driven solution.
MasterCard je namreč nedavno spremenil svojo lastniško strukturo iz članskega modela, ki temelji na zahtevah uporabnikov, v model, ki temelji na zahtevah delničarjev.
Visa has also announced similar intentions,
Visa je prav tako napovedala podobne načrte, čeprav bo Visa Europe ohranila svojo člansko strukturo.
As a result, the Eurosystem expects at least one European card scheme to emerge in the coming years.
Eurosistem v načelu sicer ne nasprotuje rešitvam, ki temeljijo na interesih delničarjev, vendar meni, da bi lahko povzročile čezmerna
It will of course be up to the banks to decide whether this scheme should have international reach, or whether the scheme will
Za vzpostavitev take sheme oz. shem SCF kot primera navaja dve podmožnosti: 1) razširitev
cobrand with international card schemes to offer payment services outside the euro area.
Načela politike, ki veljajo za medbančne provizije, bi morala prispevati tudi k enakim konkurenčnim pogojem za vse kartične sheme.
The policy principles that apply to interchange fees should also contribute to a level playingfield for all card schemes.
Obe strategiji sta nedvomno izjemno zahtevni, saj predpostavljata vrsto elementov, ki v obstoječih poslovnih predlogih veljajo za samoumevne, dejansko pa jih je treba šele vzpostaviti.
Furthermore, transparency needs to be enhanced: interchange fees should be made publicly available on the internet.
Eurosistem se zaveda izjemne kompleksnosti in tveganosti takšnega podviga, ko gre za vprašanja upravljanja, odločanja in oblikovanja blagovne znamke.
The calculation method which led to their determination should, if possible, be submitted to the competition authorities for approval.
Vseeno pričakuje, da bodo ustrezne nacionalne kartične sheme kljub očitni zahtevnosti tega vprašanja čim prej oblikovale svoje strategije.
FOSTERING COMPETITION
VPRAŠANJE MEDBANČNIH PROVIZIJ
For such a scheme or schemes to emerge, the SCF provides two sub-options as examples: 1) expansion to the euro area, which implies important efforts to make the brand known and accepted by merchants outside its country of origin, and 2) alliances, which require agreements between schemes that typically do not function the same way.
Prehod na SEPA ne bi smel pomeniti zgolj to, da nacionalne plačilne storitve postanejo dostopne v vsem euroobmočju.
Both strategies are certainly highly challenging, as a series of elements will have to be put in place that are taken for granted in existing business proposals.
SEPA bi zaradi naravnanosti k uporabnikom morali razumeti prej kot priložnost za izboljšanje kakovosti in učinkovitosti plačilnih storitev ter znižanje stroškov.
The Eurosystem is well aware of the degree of complexity and the risks of such an undertaking in terms of governance, decision-making and the creation of a brand.
Za dinamičen evropski kartični trg morajo evropska plačila ohraniti svojo konkurenčno prednost, hkrati pa bi bilo treba sprejeti v prihodnost usmerjen pristop.
Nevertheless, the Eurosystem expects that the respective national card schemes should define their strategies as soon as possible, despite the clearly complex nature of the issue.
Konkurenca bi olajšala doseganje teh ciljev in bi potekala na treh ravneh: med kartičnimi shemami; med bankami izdajateljicami in pridobiteljicami; ter na ravni obdelave kartičnih plačil.
Interchange fees, which are paid by the acquirers (and ultimately by the merchants) to the issuing banks, have been an efficient instrument in terms of promoting the adoption of cards by European citizens.
Medbančne provizije, ki jih banki izdajateljici plačajo banke pridobiteljice (in na koncu trgovci), so doslej delovale kot učinkovita spodbuda evropskim državljanom, da sprejmejo kartice.
However, such fees can also be an obstacle to competition as they reduce the ability of merchants to negotiate the fees they pay to their acquirers.
Vendar takšne provizije konkurenco lahko tudi ovirajo, saj trgovcem otežujejo pogajanja o provizijah, ki jih plačujejo svojim bankam pridobiteljicam.
The move to SEPA should not consist just in making current national payment services accessible throughout the euro area.
•PRAKSE PRIDOBIVANJA IN SPREJEMANJAZa zagotovitev enakih konkurenčnih pogojev na evropski ravni Eurosistem vabi Komisijo, da pojasni svoje stališče glede naslednjih praks pridobivanja in sprejemanja, ki so povezane s konkurenco in preglednostjo delovanja: