natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Community marketing standards set harmonised commercial characteristics particularly for the first sale of fresh fishery and aquaculture products in the Union.
Tržne strukture se spreminjajo: velike trgovske verige v nekaterih državah članicah predstavljajo že več kot 80% prodaje rib.
These include the definition of freshness and size categories, as well as presentation characteristics.
Te verige so postale glavni kupci ribiških proizvodov, zahtevajo redno preskrbo in se vedno bolj zatekajo k uvozu, da lahko pokrijejo svoje potrebe.
The standards facilitate marketing operations by setting common prices for each category of products and defining quality levels.
Vse to v duhu razvoja in vse hitrejšega prilagajanja mednarodne ponudbe ribiških proizvodov in proizvodov iz ribogojstva.
The common fisheries policy, of which the COM is a pillar, gives absolute priority to the preservation of resources, because without resources there can be no market!
Danes je več kot 60% ribiških proizvodov, ki jih zaužijemo v Skupnosti, uvoženih, medtem ko je pred 30 leti uvoz predstavljal samo 30% v Skupnosti zaužitih rib.
These standards are matched with labelling obligations to keep consumers better informed.
Ti standardi se dopolnjujejo z obveznostjo označevanja proizvodov, ki omogočajo boljšo obveščenost potrošnikov.
The regulation makes it mandatory for labelling to show the commercial designation of the species, the production method (inland, sea fishing or farming) and the catch area.
S to uredbo so postali obvezni trije podatki: tržno ime vrste, način proizvodnje (ulov v morju, celinskih vodah ali gojenje), območje ulova.
Marketing structures are changing: large supermarket chains already account for over 80% of fish sales in some Member States. These chains have become the main buyers of fishery products, demand regular deliveries and are increasingly turning to exports to cover their needs.
Več morskih proizvodov, boljša kakovost in bolj redna preskrba so zahteve, s katerimi se proizvajalci le težko spopadajo, in sicer posebno zaradi klavrnega stanja staležev rib ter tudi zato, ker gre za dejavnost, katere načrtovanje je zapleteno.
In parallel, the international market for fishery and aquaculture products is evolving and adapting at an ever quicker pace.
Operativni programi, ki jih določa uredba, so vsekakor prispevali k izboljšanju organiziranosti ribolovnih dejavnosti in njihove finančne donosnosti.
More than 60% of fish products consumed in the European Union are now imported, whereas 30 years ago imports accounted for only 30% of fish consumed in the EU!
Vendar je lahko zaradi zunanjih in včasih nepredvidljivih dejavnikov, kot so podnebna in biološka nihanja ter ohranitveni ukrepi, načrtovanje proizvodnje težavno.
One of the key ideas of the COM is that producers themselves hold a large share of the responses to the problems facing the sector.
Ena od ključnih idej SUT je v tem, da imajo proizvajalci sami v svojih rokah velik del odgovorov na izzive, pred katerimi je ribištvo.
They are the ones who can best organise themselves and coordinate to implement measures for rational management of resources, to provide added value to fishery products and to help stabilise the market.
Oni so tisti, ki se lahko najbolje organizirajo in uskladijo za izvajanje ukrepov v zvezi z gospodarnim upravljanjem z viri, dajo ribiškim proizvodom dodano vrednost in prispevajo k stabilizaciji trga.
That is why the regulation in force since 2000 gives more responsibility to producer organisations (PO) and grants them financial support.
Zato uredba, ki velja od leta 2000, priznava še več odgovornosti organizacijam proizvajalcev (OP) in jim daje finančno podporo.
The POs are officially recognised based on criteria of representativeness and the nature of their activities to implement the COM mechanisms.
Te OP so glede na merila reprezentativnosti in narave njihovih dejavnosti uradno priznane organizacije za vzpostavljanje mehanizmov SUT.
In practical terms, the POs may take collective measures to ensure the sustainability of fish stocks, to avoid catches of fish for which demand is low or nonexistent, or to anticipate market needs in terms not only of quantity but also quality and regularity of delivery.
Hkrati se je trg, na katerem so včasih prevladovale sveže ribe, spremenil v trg, na katerem čedalje bolj prevladuje povpraševanje potrošnikov po predelanih proizvodih, posebno po pripravljenih jedeh.
The operational programmes established by the regulation have certainly helped improve the organisation of fishing activities and their financial profitability.
Potrošniki so postali vedno bolj zahtevni, ne le kar se tiče pestrosti proizvodov, ampak tudi ravni njihove prehranske in dietetične kakovosti ter zdravstvene ustreznosti.
At the same time, the market has evolved from one that used to be dominated by fresh fish to a market where there is increasing consumer demand for processed products, especially convenience foods.
Dejansko lahko OP sprejmejo skupne ukrepe, da zagotovijo trajnost staležev rib, preprečijo ulov rib, za katere je povpraševanje slabo ali ga sploh ni, ali predvidijo potrebe trga ne le glede količin, temveč tudi glede kakovosti in rednosti ponudbe.
Consumers have become more and more demanding not only in terms of product diversity, but also in nutritional, dietetic and sanitary quality.
Kot odgovor na te izzive skupna ureditev trgov, kot je bila zasnovana z uredbo iz leta 2000, vsebuje štiri bistvene instrumente: i bi št R em be r 2008 I
A few figures on POs
Nekaj podatkov o OP
• common marketing standards for fresh products;• producer organisations (PO), voluntary associations of fishermen set up to make it easier to stabilise markets and cushion sudden fluctuations in demand;• a price support scheme setting minimum sale prices for fishery products under which products cannot be sold; the PO may receive financial aid if they have to take fishery products off the market and store them for later use or process them;• rules on trade with third countries.
• skupne tržne standarde za sveže proizvode;• organizacije proizvajalcev (OP), to je prostovoljna združenja ribičev, ustanovljena za lažjo stabilizacijo trgov in ublažitev nenadnih nihanj povpraševanja;• sistem subvencioniranja cen, ki določa minimalne cene, pod katerimi se ribiški proizvodi ne smejo prodajati; OP so lahko upravičene do finančne pomoči, če morajo ribiške proizvode umakniti s trga, jih skladiščiti za kasnejšo uporabo ali jih predelati;• predpise, ki urejajo trgovino s tretjimi državami.
• In 2005, there were 203 recognised POs in 16 Member States (BE, DK, DE, EL, ES, FI, FR, IE, IT, LV, LT, NL, PL, PT, SE, UK).• Spain, France, Italy, Germany and the United Kingdom accounted for 74% of all the POs. • The involvement and representativeness of POs vary from one country to the next: in 10 Member States (BE, DK, DE, ES, FR, LT, NL, PT, SE, UK), more than 50% of fishermen belong to a PO, while in three Member States (LV, PL, FI), membership ranges from 12% to 23% of fishermen. • For aquaculture, the percentage of producers belonging to a PO is over 75% in three Member States (ES, LT, UK), compared to less than 10% in two Member States (DK, FR).
• Leta 2005 so bile v 16 državah članicah (BE, DK, DE, EL, ES, FI, FR, IE, IT, LV, LT, NL, PL, PT, SE, UK) 203 priznane OP.• Španija, Francija, Italija, Nemčija in Združeno kraljestvo so predstavljale 74% celotnega števila OP. • Delež članstva in reprezentativnost OP se od države do države razlikujeta: v 10 državah članicah (BE, DK, DE, ES, FR, LT, NL, PT, SE, UK) je več kot 50% ribičev članov OP, medtem ko se v treh državah članicah (LV, PL, FI) ta odstotek giblje med 12 in 23 odstotki. • Kar zadeva ribogojstvo, je odstotek proizvajalcev, ki so člani v OP, v treh državah članicah (ES, LT, UK) višji od 75% in samo v dveh državah članicah (DK, FR) nižji od 10%. %.
The POs, in agreement with their members, may spread their vessels’fishing activities over time.
OP lahko sporazumno s svojimi člani predvsem časovno porazdelijo ribiške dejavnosti svojih plovil.
This helps avert a quota race because it allows fishermen to stagger their landings and fish farmers to deliver their production more regularly throughout the year, thus preventing abrupt drops in prices while ensuring a more stable supply.
To omogoča, da se prepreči dirka za kvote, ribičem pa, da skozi leto razporedijo iztovarjanje, in ribogojcem, da uravnavajo svojo letno proizvodnjo in tako preprečijo velike padce cen z zagotavljanjem stalnejše ponudbe.
Better quality and more regular landings benefit producers in terms of prices, retailers in terms of supply, and consumers in terms of value for money.
Rednejše iztovarjanje kakovostnejšega ulova bo proizvajalcem prinašalo boljše cene, trgovcem boljšo ponudbo in potrošnikom boljše razmerje med kakovostjo in ceno.
POs are also legally eligible for financial aid to implement plans to enhance product quality.
OP lahko za izvajanje načrtov za izboljšanje kakovosti proizvodov zakonito dobijo finančno pomoč.
This includes for example making trips out to sea shorter, improving the on-board crating of catches, regulating the size and fattening level of farmed products in terms of demand, and providing better market preparation and reduced handling throughout the production channel.
Gre za to, da se na primer izvajajo krajši izhodi na morje, izboljša skladiščenje v zaboje na krovu ladje, ureja velikost in raven pitanja gojenih proizvodov glede na povpraševanje, zagotovi boljše pakiranje in manj manipuliranja v proizvodni verigi.
In addition, financial incentives are provided for setting up interprofessional organisations of producers, processors and distributors in order to carry out common actions, for example, to improve knowledge and the transparency of production and marketing processes, to carry out market studies or other research, or to develop quality labels or geographical indications.
Poleg tega je za ustanavljanje medpanožnih organizacij, ki združujejo predstavnike proizvajalcev, predelovalcev in distribucije, predvidena finančna spodbuda, da se izvajajo skupne dejavnosti, kot so na primer izboljšanje poznavanja in preglednosti proizvodnega procesa in trženja, da se izvajajo tržne ali druge raziskave ter izdelajo označbe kakovosti ali geografske označbe.
Each Member State must guarantee that the POs operating on its territory comply with regulations.
Vsaka država članica mora zagotoviti, da OP, ki delujejo na njenem ozemlju, spoštujejo predpise.
The fishery products market has changed tremendously over the past 30 years.
Trg ribiških proizvodov se je v zadnjih 30 letih zelo razvil.
European producers today supply less than 40% of the European Union’s consumption of fish, molluscs and shellfish. The remainder is imported from non-EU countries.
Evropski proizvajalci danes predstavljajo manj kot 40% oskrbe Evropske unije z ribami, mehkužci in raki, preostanek se uvozi iz držav, ki niso članice EU.
A PO in Brittany participates in resource assessment
Bretonska OP sodeluje pri oceni virov
Five years ago, it set up a scientific unit to participate in resource management, a successful experience that should be repeated elsewhere.
Pred petimi leti je ustanovila znanstveno skupino, ki sodeluje pri upravljanju virov. Uspešna izkušnja, ki jo je vredno ponoviti drugje.
Systematic monitoring
Sistematično zbiranje podatkov
To curb this trend, production should be increased.
V boju proti takemu razvoju bi bilo treba povečati proizvodnjo.
But this is unimaginable in a context of declining stocks and quotas.
Vendar ob staležih, ki so vedno manjši, in kvotah, ki se znižujejo, na to ni mogoče niti pomisliti.
That is why PROMA expended considerable efforts in resource management seven years ago, based on the principle that better monitoring of the evolution of resources would allow improved adaptation of fishing opportunities, both downward and upward.
Zato se je PROMA pred sedmimi leti posvetila upravljanju virov, izhajajoč iz načela, da boljše spremljanje gibanja virov omogoča boljšo prilagoditev ribolovnih možnosti tako navzdol kot navzgor.
Former fishermen Maurice Benoish, 66, was president of PROMA, the producer organisation for small-scale fishing in Morbihan and Loire-Atlantique, which represented up to 650 fishing vessels in south Brittany, from Concarneau to Saint-Nazaire.
Nekdanji ribič Maurice Benoish, 66 let, je bil predsednik Organizacije proizvajalcev malega priobalnega ribolova Morbihana in Loire-Atlantique (Organisation de producteurs de la pêche artisanale du Morbihan et de la Loire-Atlantique – PROMA), ki je združevala skoraj 650 ladij v južni Bretanji vse od Concarneauja do Saint-Nazaira.
For the last few years, this PO has developed closer ties with FROM-Bretagne, the regional fund for organisation of the fish market in Brittany, a PO active on the north coast. The two have merged to form PMA, the Union of Channel and Atlantic Fishermen, based solely on the logic of concentration.
Pred nekaj leti se je ta OP zbližala z Regionalnim skladom za organizacijo trga za ribe Bretagne (Fonds régional d’organisation du marché du poisson de Bretagne – FROM-Bretagne), z OP, ki je predvsem dejavna na severni obali, in oblikovala zvezo „Pêcheurs Manche-Atlantique“ (PMA) v prizadevanjih za združitev sil.
‘The more there are of us, the more flexibility we have in dividing up activities among our vessels and the easier it is to organise fishing plans’, explains Maurice Benoish.
„Več nas je, bolj smo prožni pri delitvi dejavnosti med plovili in lažje med seboj organiziramo ribolovne načrte,“ pojasnjuje Maurice Benoish.
‘Not to mention the economies of scale, for example, on administration or scientific work.’ o per u e in E
„Da ne omenjam ekonomije obsega, ki jo lahko zaradi tega dosežemo, na primer pri upravljanju ali znanstvenih delih.“ v E ov
The PO’s scientific unit was created at a time when deep-water fishing was under challenge.
Znanstvena skupina OP je bila sestavljena, ker se je postavljal pod vprašaj globokomorski ribolov: zadevne ladje so torej prostovoljno sodelovale pri programu zbiranja podatkov o ulovu in okoljskih podatkov v sodelovanju s francoskim raziskovalnim institutom Ifremer.
Consequently, the vessels concerned participated voluntarily in a programme for the collection of catch and environmental data in collaboration with the French research institute Ifremer.
Rezultati tega programa so preprečili sprejetje nesorazmernih ukrepov popolnega zaprtja lovišč in občutno izboljšanje podatkov, ki jih uporablja ICES.
Based on the programme’s findings, disproportionate measures such as closures of fisheries could be avoided and the data used by the International Council for Exploration of the Sea (ICES) were improved substantially.
Ta pozitivna izkušnja je spodbudila PROMO in njene člane, da raziskovalno delo, še vedno v sodelovanju z Ifremer, razširijo na druge vire v svoji regiji, kot so škampi, oslič ali list.
This positive experience encouraged PROMA and its members to extend their scientific work to other resources in its region, such as Norway lobster, hake and sole, also in collaboration with Ifremer.
Konkretno to pomeni, da prostovoljni ribiči OP sistematično zbirajo podatke in beležijo svoj ulov po postopkih, ki jih potrdi Ifremer.
Like all POs, this one works simultaneously on two fronts.
Kot vse OP, tudi ta opravlja dvojno delo.
Upstream, on the fishing side, it organises the fishing operational plans and divides up quotas among member vessels.
Kar zadeva ribolov, organizira operativne ribolovne načrte in razdeljuje kvote med včlanjena plovila.
Maurice Benoish sees this upstream work as a‘direct line’between the sector and fisheries administrations (French and European).
Po mnenju Mauricea Benoisha je to delo resnična„neposredna zveza“ med dejavnostjo in upravami za ribištvo (francoskimi in evropskimi).
It could be used to a greater extent to improve application and comprehension of the Common Fisheries Policy.
Leto bi lahko še bolj izkoristili, da bi izboljšali izvajanje in razumevanje skupne ribiške politike.
Yet communication flows between the upstream and downstream activities.
Po drugi strani, kar zadeva trg, OP organizira prodajo ulova in se s kupci pogaja o cenah.
For example, the intelligent drafting of fishing plans allows staggered deliveries to maintain a certain price level or the delivery of a given species at a time when demand is particularly high.
Vendar ti nalogi nista ločeni, saj pametna izdelava ribolovnih načrtov omogoča na primer tako razporeditev ponudbe, da se obdrži določena raven cen, ali proizvodnjo določene vrste takrat, ko je zanjo povpraševanje posebno veliko.
‘The state of resources and of the ecosystem is thus evaluated on the basis of tens of thousands of trawl towings, which obviously provides a more sophisticated approach.
In ceneje je kot raziskovalno delo z znanstveno ladjo… Poleg tega ribiči čutijo, da so soodgovorni za upravljanje vira, in se veliko bolj zavedajo, v kakšnem stanju je.
And it costs less than using a scientific vessel.
V teh okoliščinah veliko bolje sprejemajo kvote ne samo, ko se povečajo, ampak tudi, ko se zmanjšajo.“
What is more, fishermen feel concerned by resource management and are much more aware of the situation.
Maurice Benoish je bil predsednik Evropskega združenja OP in priznava, da so takšne izkušnje v evropskem okviru organizacij proizvajalcev redke.
So quotas are much more readily accepted, obviously when they increase, but also when they decline.’
V tem vidi predvsem pot, ki jo je treba nadaljevati za spodbujanje SUT in za njeno boljšo vključitev v skupno ribiško politiko.
‘The market has changed tremendously’, says Maurice Benoish.
„Trg se je zelo spremenil,“ pojasnjuje Maurice Benoish.
‘There are fewer buyers, who increasingly represent bigger interests, and on prices they are under pressure from imports.
„Kupci so manj številni in zastopajo vedno večje interesne skupine, a kar zadeva cene, se podrejajo pritisku uvoza.
The price of fish has risen by only 1% since 2006.
Od leta 2006 so cene rib narasle za samo 1%.
European supply is now a minority compared to imports and we are merely supplementary source for fish wholesale traders, who could do without us.
Evropska ponudba je postala v primerjavi z uvozom manjši del in mi samo še dopolnilno oskrbujemo grosiste, ki bi lahko shajali brez nas.
We have no clout in setting prices.
Pri določanju cen nimamo nobene teže. To je zaskrbljujoče.“
How much does withdrawal aid pay?
Kakšni zneski so namenjeni podporam za umik?
In short, this is a financial intervention granted when the price for a species drops below a minimum level.
Skratka, gre za finančno pomoč, ki se dodeli takrat, ko cena določene vrste pade pod najnižjo ceno.
Referred to as the withdrawal price, this level is set on the basis of the orientation price fixed yearly by the Council of Ministers.
Ta raven, ki se imenuje cena za umik s trga, se določi na podlagi priporočene cene, ki jo vsako leto določi Svet ministrov.
When prices drop and intervention mechanisms are triggered, members receive compensation from their producer organisation.
Če cene padejo in se sprožijo intervencijski mehanizmi, prejmejo člani od svojih organizacij proizvajalcev nadomestilo.
• For a first instalment of 4% of the POs’ production volume of a species, the amount of compensation is 85% at most of the withdrawal price.• For the second instalment of 4 to 8% of the production volume (10% for pelagic species), the amount of compensation was 75% for 2001.
• Za prvi del 4% obsega določene vrste, ki jo proizvede organizacija proizvajalcev, znaša znesek nadomestila največ 85% cene za umik s trga.• Za drugi del, od 4 do 8% obsega proizvodnje (10% za pelagične vrste), znaša za leto 2001 znesek nadomestila 75%.
This rate of 75% was brought down to 65% in 2002 and has been set at 55% since 2003. • Withdrawals of more than 8% of production volume (10% for pelagic species) are not eligible for compensation.
Ta stopnja 75% je bila leta 2002 spremenjena na 65% in od leta 2003 znaša 55%. • Umiki, ki presegajo 8% obsega proizvodnje (10% za pelagične vrste), niso upravičeni do nobenega nadomestila.
Products withdrawn from the market may nevertheless be sold for processing for purposes other than human consumption (e.g. animal meal). The revenue from such sales is deducted from the financial compensation.
Umaknjeni proizvodi se lahko kljub temu prodajo za predelavo za proizvode, ki niso namenjeni prehrani ljudi (na primer za živalsko moko): prihodki od te prodaje se odštejejo od zneskov nadomestil.
Nevertheless, awareness of the dangers resulting from overfishing for many species has led to stricter management of this aid, to keep from encouraging the waste of resources.
Vendar je zavedanje nevarnosti zaradi čezmernega ribolova številnih vrst pripeljalo do strožjega dodeljevanja teh pomoči, da se ne bi spodbujalo razsipanje virov.
The regulation implemented in 2000 establishes that this aid may only be used for localised excess supplies that the market cannot absorb.
Uredba iz leta 2000 torej določa, da se te pomoči dodeljujejo le za čezmerno ponudbo na lokalni ravni, ki je trg ne more absorbirati.
To give producers and their organisations incentive to take anticipatory measures to adapt their catches to market needs, interventions are only possible for a small volume of production and are calculated on a tapering basis in terms of the volume presented for withdrawal: the higher the quantities withdrawn, the lower the intervention (see box).
Da bi proizvajalce in njihove organizacije spodbudili, naj sprejmejo preventivne ukrepe za prilagoditev svojega ulova potrebam trga, se te pomoči dodeljujejo le za obseg zmanjšane proizvodnje in so zato degresivne glede na obseg, namenjen za umik s trga: večje so umaknjene količine, nižja je stopnja pomoči (glej okvir).
The regulation also fixes a transitional phase with a gradual decrease in aid over time.
Poleg tega je bilo z uredbo predvideno prehodno obdobje s časovno progresivnim zmanjševanjem pomoči.
This aid is financed by the European Community and total interventions amount to around EUR 10 million a year.
Te pomoči financira Evropska skupnost in znašajo okoli 10 milijonov EUR letno za vse pomoči.
So this is indeed a safety net and not a price support system.
Gre torej za varnost in ne za sistem podpore cen.
In 2000, withdrawal aid made up the greater part of aid granted, but since 2005 the trend has reversed and carry-over aid has supplanted withdrawal aid.
Medtem ko so leta 2000 podpore za umik predstavljale glavni del dodeljenih pomoči, pa je od leta 2005 obratno, saj so pomoči za predelavo izpodrinile podpore za umik.
o per u e in E ri es and a qu ac ul tu r is he F
v E ov i bo go js ti n ro v bi št i R v tisočih EUR
Community withdrawals and carry-over expenses(2000-2005)
Umiki in prenosi stroškov Skupnosti(2000–2005) mio EUR
0 Some fishery products are important at regional and local level but cannot be included in the Community system.
0 Nekateri ribiški proizvodi so pomembni na regionalni in lokalni ravni, vendar se jih ne more vključiti v sistem Skupnosti zaradi, po eni strani, velikih razlik v ceni med državami članicami ali regijami, po drugi strani pa zato, ker je skupni obseg proizvodnje teh proizvodov na trgu Skupnosti premajhen.
This may be because of sharp price differences from one Member State or region to another, or because the overall production level of these products on the Community market is too low. A mechanism for autonomous regionalised withdrawals and carry-overs has been put in place to address these situations.
Zaradi teh okoliščin je bil vzpostavljen mehanizem za avtonomne regionalizirane umike s trga in predelavo: gre za pavšalno pomoč, ki se pod določenimi pogoji dodeli OP, ki želijo te proizvode umakniti s trga ali jih predelati.
In such cases, the POs themselves set their own prices, within certain limits established by the regulation.
V tem primeru OP z določenimi omejitvami, ki jih določa uredba, samostojno določijo ceno.