natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Prepovedani so vsi štrleči deli ali oprema, ki bi pri prevrnitvi traktorja lahko poškodovali voznika, ali kakršna koli oprema ali deli, ki bi ga lahko zaradi deformacije varnostne konstrukcije vklenili, na primer za nogo ali stopalo.
There shall be no projecting part or accessory which is liable to injure the driver should the tractor overturn, or any accessory or part which is liable to trap him – for example by the leg or the foot – as a result of the deflections of the structure.
Naprave in oprema za dinamične preskuse
Apparatus and equipment for dynamic tests
Nihalno udarno telo
Pendulum block
Udarno telo, ki deluje kot nihalo, mora biti z verigama ali žičnima vrvema obešeno na tečajih vsaj šest metrov nad tlemi.
A block acting as a pendulum must be suspended by two chains or wire ropes from pivot points not less than 6 m above the ground.
Na voljo morajo biti sredstva za ločeno prilagajanje višine obešenega udarnega telesa ter kota med udarnim telesom in nosilnimi verigami ali žičnimi vrvmi.
Means must be provided for adjusting independently the suspended height of the block and the angle between the block and the supporting chains or wire ropes.
Masa nihalnega udarnega telesa mora biti 2 000 ± 20 kg brez mase verig ali žičnih vrvi, katerih masa ne sme presegati 100 kg.
The mass of the pendulum block must be 2 000 ± 20 kg excluding the mass of the chains or wire ropes which themselves must not exceed 100 kg.
Dolžina stranic udarne ploskve mora biti 680 ± 20 mm (glej sliko 6.10).
The length of the sides of the impact face must be 680 ± 20 mm (see Figure 6.10).
Udarno telo mora biti napolnjeno tako, da je položaj njegovega težišča nespremenljiv in se ujema z geometrijskim središčem paralelepipeda.
The block must be filled in such a way that the position of its centre of gravity is constant and coincides with the geometrical centre of the parallelepiped.
Paralelepiped mora biti priključen na sistem, ki ga potegne nazaj z mehanizmom za hitro odpenjanje, konstruiranima in nameščenim tako, da omogoča odpenjanje nihalnega udarnega telesa, ne da bi paralelepiped zanihal okrog svoje vodoravne osi, ki je pravokotna na nihalno ravnino nihala.
The parallelepiped must be connected to the system which pulls it backwards by an instantaneous release mechanism which is so designed and located as to enable the pendulum block to be released without causing the parallelepiped to oscillate about its horizontal axis perpendicular to the pendulum's plane of oscillation.
Pritrditev nihala
Pendulum supports
Zgibi nihala morajo biti trdno pritrjeni, tako da njihov premik v kateri koli smeri ne presega 1 % višine pada.
The pendulum pivot points must be rigidly fixed so that their displacement in any direction does not exceed 1 per cent of the height of fall.
Tirnice za pritrditev, ki imajo predpisan razmik in zajemajo ustrezno območje za pritrditev traktorja v vseh prikazanih primerih (glej slike 6.11, 6.12 in 6.13), morajo biti trdno pritrjene na togo podlago pod nihalom.
Anchoring rails with the requisite track width and covering the necessary area for lashing the tractor in all the cases illustrated (see Figures 6.11, 6.12 and 6.13) must be rigidly attached to a non-yielding base beneath the pendulum.
Traktor se pritrdi na tire z žično vrvjo okroglega spleta z vlaknenim jedrom zgradbe 6 x 19 po standardu ISO 2408:2004 in nazivnim premerom 13 mm.
The tractor shall be lashed to the rails by means of wire rope with round strand, fibre core, construction 6 x 19 in accordance with ISO 2408:2004 and a nominal diameter of 13 mm.
Skrajna natezna trdnost kovinskih žic mora dosegati 1 770 MPa.
The metal strands must have an ultimate tensile strength of 1 770 MPa.
Pri traktorjih z zgibnim krmiljenjem se centralni zgib traktorja pri vseh preskusih podpre in ustrezno pritrdi.
The central pivot of an articulated tractor shall be supported and lashed down as appropriate for all tests.
Pri udarnih preskusih s strani se zgib podpre tudi iz nasprotne smeri, iz katere deluje udar.
For the lateral impact test, the pivot shall also be propped from the side opposite the impact.
Ni nujno, da so sprednja in zadnja kolesa poravnana, če to olajša ustrezno pritrditev žičnih vrvi.
The front and rear wheels need not be in line if this facilitates the attachment of the wire ropes in the appropriate manner.
Podpora kolesa in tram
Wheel prop and beam
Za podporo koles med udarnimi preskusi se uporabi tram iz mehkega lesa v velikosti 150 x 150 mm (glej slike 6.11, 6.12 in 6.13).
A softwood beam of 150 mm square shall be used as a prop for the wheels during the impact tests (see Figures 6.11, 6.12 and 6.13).
Med udarnimi preskusi s strani se tram iz mehkega lesa pritrdi na tla, da se opre ob kolesni obroč na strani, ki je nasprotna strani delovanja udara (glej sliko 6.13).
During the lateral impact tests, a softwood beam shall be clamped to the floor to brace the rim of the wheel opposite the side of impact (see Figure 6.13).
Podporni drogovi in pritrdilne vrvi za zgibno krmiljene traktorje
Props and lashings for articulated tractors
Za zgibno krmiljene traktorje se uporabijo dodatni podporni drogovi in pritrdilne vrvi.
Additional props and lashings must be used for articulated tractors.
Njihov namen je zagotovitev, da je del traktorja, na katerega je pritrjena varnostna konstrukcija, enako nepremičen kot pri togi izvedbi traktorja.
Their purpose is to ensure that the section of the tractor on which the protective structure is fitted is as rigid as that of a non-articulated tractor.
Dodatne posebne podrobnosti za udarne in tlačne preskuse so navedene v točki 3.3.1.1.
Additional specific details are given in the point 3.3.1.1 for the impact and crushing tests.
Tlak v pnevmatikah in deformacija pnevmatik
Tyre pressures and deflections
Traktorske pnevmatike ne smejo polnjene z balastno tekočino, tlak v njih pa mora ustrezati vrednostim, ki jih proizvajalec traktorjev določi za delo na polju.
The tractor tyres shall not be liquid-ballasted and shall be inflated to the pressures prescribed by the tractor manufacturer for field work.
Pritrdilne vrvi se v vsakem posameznem primeru toliko zategnejo, da pnevmatike dosežejo deformacijo, ki je enaka 12 % višine bočne stene pnevmatike (razdalja med tlemi in najnižjo točko na kolesnem obroču) pred zatezanjem.
The lashings shall be tensioned in each particular case such that the tyres undergo a deflection equal to 12 per cent of the tyre wall height (distance between the ground and the lowest point of the rim) before tensioning.
Naprava za tlačni preskus
Crushing rig
Naprava, ki je prikazana na sliki 6.14, je sposobna ustvarjati silo, ki deluje navzdol na varnostno konstrukcijo prek togega jarma, ki je širok približno 250 mm in je povezan z mehanizmom za ustvarjanje obremenitve prek kardanskih zgibov.
A rig as shown in Figure 6.14 shall be capable of exerting a downward force on a protective structure through a rigid beam approximately 250 mm wide connected to the load-applying mechanism by means of universal joints.
Pod osi traktorja se namestijo primerna stojala, da se tlačna sila ne prenaša na pnevmatike traktorja.
Suitable axle stands shall be provided so that the tractor tyres do not bear the crushing force.
Merilne naprave
Measuring apparatus
Potrebne so naslednje merilne naprave:
The following measuring apparatus is needed:
naprava za merjenje elastične deformacije (razlika med največjo trenutno in trajno deformacijo, glej sliko 6.15);
device for measuring the elastic deflection (the difference between the maximum momentary deflection and the permanent deflection, see Figure 6.15).
naprava za preverjanje, ali varnostna konstrukcija ni prodrla v varni prostor in ali je ta med preskusom ostal znotraj zaščite konstrukcije (glej točko 3.3.2.2.2).
device for checking that the protective structure has not entered the clearance zone and that the latter has remained within the structure's protective during the test (see point 3.3.2.2.2).
Naprave in oprema za statične preskuse
Apparatus and equipment for static tests
Naprava za statične preskuse
Static testing rig
Naprava za statične preskuse mora biti oblikovana tako, da omogoča izvajanje pritiskov ali obremenitev na varnostno konstrukcijo.
The static testing rig must be designed in such a way as to permit thrusts or loads to be applied to the protective structure.
Zagotoviti je treba, da se lahko obremenitev enakomerno porazdeli, in sicer pravokotno na smer delovanja obremenitve in vzdolž pritisne ploskve, katere dolžina je eden od točnih mnogokratnikov števila 50 med 250 in 700 mm.
Provision must be made so that the load can be uniformly distributed normal to the direction of loading and along a flange having a length of one of the exact multiples of 50 between 250 and 700 mm.
Navpična čelna ploskev je 150 mm.
The stiff beam shall have a vertical face dimension of 150 mm.
Robovi, ki se dotikajo varnostne konstrukcije, so zaobljeni s polmerom največ 50 mm.
The edges of the beam in contact with the protective structure shall be curved with a maximum radius of 50 mm.
Pritisno ploskev mora biti mogoče prilagoditi vsakemu kotu glede na smer obremenitve, da bi lahko sledila spremembam kotov obremenjene površine varnostne konstrukcije, ko se ta deformira.
The pad shall be capable of being adjusted to any angle in relation to the load direction, in order to be able to follow the angular variations of the structure's load-bearing surface as the structure deflects.
Smer obremenitve (navpično in vodoravno odstopanje):
Direction of the force (deviation from horizontal and vertical):
– na začetku preskusa pri ničelni obremenitvi: ± 2°;
at start of test, under zero load: ± 2°;
– med preskusom pod obremenitvijo: 10° nad vodoravno črto in 20° pod njo.
during test, under load: 10 above and 20 below the horizontal.
Ta odstopanja morajo biti čim manj.
These variations must be kept to a minimum.
Hitrost deformacije mora biti dovolj majhna, tj. manj kot 5 mm/s, da se lahko obremenitev ves čas obravnava kot statična.
The deflection rate shall be sufficiently slow, less than 5 mm/s so that the load may at all moments be considered as static.
Naprava za merjenje energije, ki jo absorbira varnostna konstrukcija
Apparatus for measuring the energy absorbed by the structure
Za določitev energije, ki jo absorbira varnostna konstrukcija, se zapiše krivulja sila/deformacija.
The force versus deflection curve shall be plotted in order to determine the energy absorbed by the structure.
Sile in deformacije ni treba meriti na točki, na kateri obremenitev deluje na varnostno konstrukcijo, vendar ju je treba meriti sočasno in v isti ravnini.
There is no need to measure the force and deflection at the point where the load is applied to the structure; however, force and deflection shall be measured simultaneously and co-linearly.
Točka, od katere se meri deformacija, se izbere tako, da se upošteva samo energija, ki jo absorbira varnostna konstrukcija in/ali deformacija nekaterih delov traktorja.
The point of origin of deflection measurements shall be selected so as to take account only of the energy absorbed by the structure and/or by the deflection of certain parts of the tractor.
Energijo, ki se absorbira pri deformaciji in/ali popuščanju pritrditve traktorja, je treba zanemariti.
The energy absorbed by the deflection and/or the slipping of the anchoring must be ignored.
Način pritrditve traktorja na podlago
Means of anchoring the tractor to the ground
Tirnice za pritrditev, ki imajo predpisan razmik in zajemajo ustrezno območje za pritrditev traktorja v vseh prikazanih primerih, morajo biti trdno pritrjene na togo podlago blizu preskusne naprave.
Anchoring rails with the requisite track width and covering the necessary area for anchoring the tractor in all the cases illustrated must be rigidly attached to a non-yielding base near the testing rig.
Traktor mora biti na tirnice pritrjen s kakršnimi koli ustreznimi sredstvi (plošče, zagozde, žične vrvi, opore itd.), da se med preskusi ne more premikati.
The tractor must be anchored to the rails by any suitable means (plates, wedges, wire ropes, jacks, etc.) so that it cannot move during the tests.
Ta zahteva se med preskusom preveri z običajnimi napravami za merjenje dolžine.
This requirement shall be checked during the test, by means of the usual devices for measuring length.
Če se traktor premakne, se ponovi celoten preskus, razen če je sistem za merjenje deformacij, ki se upošteva pri zapisu krivulje sila/deformacija, povezan s traktorjem.
If the tractor moves, the entire test shall be repeated, unless the system for measuring the deflections taken into account for plotting the force versus deflection curve is connected to the tractor.
Naprava, ki je prikazana na sliki 6.14, je sposobna ustvarjati silo, ki deluje navzdol na varnostno konstrukcijo prek togega jarma, ki je širok približno 250 mm in je povezan z mehanizmom za ustvarjanje obremenitve prek kardanskih zgibov.
A rig as shown in Figure 6.14 shall be capable of exerting a downward force on a protective structure through a rigid beam approximately 250 mm wide, connected to the load-applying mechanism by means of universal joints.
Pod osi traktorja je treba namestiti primerna stojala, da se tlačna sila ne prenaša na pnevmatike traktorja.
Suitable axle stands must be provided so that the tractor tyres do not bear the crushing force.
Druge merilne naprave
Other measuring apparatus
Potrebne so tudi naslednje merilne naprave:
The following measuring devices are also needed:
naprava za preverjanje, ali varnostna konstrukcija ni prodrla v varni prostor in ali je ta med preskusom ostal znotraj zaščite konstrukcije (točka 3.3.2.2.2).
device for checking that the protective structure has not entered the clearance zone and that the latter has remained within the structure's protection during the test (point 3.3.2.2.2).
Preskusni postopki
Test procedures
Dinamični preskusi
Dynamic Tests
Udarni in tlačni preskusi
Impact and crushing tests
Udar od zadaj
Impact at the rear
Traktor se glede na nihalno udarno telo postavi tako, da telo udari ob varnostno konstrukcijo, ko udarna ploskev telesa in nosilne verige ali žične vrvi oklepajo z navpično ravnino A kot, ki znaša M/100, vendar največ 20°, razen če med deformacijo varnostna konstrukcija na točki udara oklepa večji kot z navpičnico.
The tractor shall be so placed in relation to the pendulum block that the block will strike the protective structure when the impact face of the block and the supporting chains or wire ropes are at an angle with the vertical plane A equal to M/100 with a 20 maximum, unless, during deflection, the protective structure at the point of contact forms a greater angle to the vertical.
V tem primeru se udarna ploskev telesa naravna z dodatnimi nosilnimi vezmi, da je vzporedna z varnostno konstrukcijo na točki udara v trenutku največje deformacije, medtem ko nosilne verige ali žične vrvi ostanejo pod zgoraj določenim kotom.
In this case the impact face of the block shall be adjusted by means of an additional support so that it is parallel to the protective structure at the point of impact at the moment of maximum deflection, the supporting chains or wire ropes remaining at the angle defined above.
Višina obešenega udarnega telesa se prilagodi, sprejmejo pa se tudi potrebni ukrepi za preprečevanje, da bi se udarno telo vrtelo okrog točke udara.
The suspended height of the block shall be adjusted and necessary steps taken so as to prevent the block from turning about the point of impact.
Točka udara je tisti del varnostne konstrukcije, ki bi najverjetneje prvi udaril ob tla, če se traktor prevrne nazaj; to je običajno zgornji rob.
The point of impact is that part of the protective structure likely to hit the ground first in a rearward overturning accident, normally the upper edge.
Lega težišča udarnega telesa je na šestini širine zgornjega roba varnostne konstrukcije navznoter od navpične ravnine, vzporedne s sredinsko ravnino traktorja, ki se dotika skrajnega zgornjega zunanjega roba varnostne konstrukcije.
The position of the centre of gravity of the block is 1/ 6 of the width of the top of the protective structure inwards from a vertical plan parallel to the median plane of the tractor touching the outside extremity of the top of the protective structure.
Če je varnostna konstrukcija na tej točki upognjena ali izbočena, se dodatno podloži z zagozdami, da se omogoči delovanje udara na ta del, ne da bi to povečalo trdnost konstrukcije.
If the structure is curved or protruding at this point, wedges enabling the impact to be applied thereon must be added, without thereby reinforcing the structure.
Traktor mora biti pritrjen na tla s štirimi žičnimi vrvmi, pri čemer mora biti po ena na vsaki strani obeh osi, kot je prikazano na sliki 6.11.
The tractor must be lashed to the ground by means of four wire ropes, one at each end of both axles, arranged as indicated in Figure 6.11.
Razmik med sprednjo in zadnjo točko za pritrditev vrvi mora biti tak, da žične vrvi s tlemi oklepajo kot, ki ne presega 30°.
The spacing between the front and rear lashing points must be such that the wire ropes make an angle of less than 30 with the ground.
Poleg tega mora biti pritrditev na zadnji strani taka, da je točka konvergence obeh žičnih vrvi v navpični ravnini, po kateri se giblje težišče udarnega telesa.
The rear lashings must in addition be so arranged that the point of convergence of the two wire ropes is located in the vertical plane in which the centre of gravity of the pendulum block travels.
Žične vrvi je treba napeti, da se pnevmatike deformirajo, kot je določeno v točki 3.2.5.6.2.
The wire ropes must be tensioned so that the tyres undergo the deflections given in point 3.2.5.6.2.
Ko so žične vrvi napete, se podporni tram namesti tesno pred zadnji kolesi in se nato pritrdi na tla.
With the wire ropes tensioned, the wedging beam shall be placed in front of and tight against the rear wheels and then fixed to the ground.
Če gre za zgibno krmiljeni traktor, se centralni zgib dodatno podpre z lesenim podstavkom s stranico vsaj 100 mm in se ga pritrdi na tla.
If the tractor is of the articulated type, the point of articulation shall, in addition, be supported by a wooden block at least 100 mm square and firmly lashed to the ground.
Nihalno udarno telo se potegne nazaj, tako da je višina njegovega težišča nad točko udara toliko, kot se izračuna z eno od naslednjih enačb, izbranih glede na referenčno maso preskušanega preskusnega sklopa:
The pendulum block shall be pulled back so that the height of its centre of gravity above that at the point of impact is given by one of the following two formulae, to be chosen according to the reference mass of the assembly subjected to the tests:
za traktor z referenčno maso do 2 000 kg;
for tractor with a reference mass of less than 2 000 kg;
za traktor z referenčno maso nad 2 000 kg.
for tractor with a reference mass of more than 2 000 kg.
Udarno telo se nato spusti, da udari ob varnostno konstrukcijo.
The pendulum block is then released and strikes the protective structure.
Pri traktorjih z obrnljivim vozniškim mestom (obrnljiva sedež in volan) se uporabljajo iste enačbe.
For tractors with a reversible driver's position (reversible seat and steering wheel), the same formulae shall apply.
Udar od spredaj
Impact at the front
Višina obešenega udarnega telesa se prilagodi, sprejmejo pa se tudi potrebni ukrepi za preprečevanje, da bi se udarno telo vrtelo okrog točke udara.
The suspended height of the pendulum block shall be adjusted and the necessary steps taken so as to prevent the block from turning about the point of impact.
Točka udara je tisti del varnostne konstrukcije, ki bi najverjetneje prvi udaril ob tla, če se traktor prevrne na bok pri vožnji naprej; to je običajno zgornji rob.
The point of impact is that part of the protective structure likely to hit the ground first if the tractor overturned sideways while travelling forward, normally the upper edge.
Lega težišča udarnega telesa je na šestini širine zgornjega roba varnostne konstrukcije navznoter od navpične ravnine, vzporedne s sredinsko ravnino traktorja, ki se dotika skrajnega zgornjega zunanjega roba varnostne konstrukcije.
The position of the centre of gravity of the block is 1/6 of the width of the top of the protective structure inwards from a vertical plane parallel to the median plane of the tractor touching the outside extremity of the top of the protective structure.
Traktor mora biti pritrjen na tla s štirimi žičnimi vrvmi, pri čemer mora biti po ena na vsaki strani obeh osi, kot je prikazano na sliki 6.12.
The tractor must be lashed to the ground by means of four wire ropes, one at each end of both axles, arranged as indicated in Figure 6.12.
Poleg tega je pritrditev na zadnji strani taka, da je točka konvergence obeh žičnih vrvi v navpični ravnini, po kateri se giblje težišče udarnega telesa.
The rear lashings shall in addition be so arranged that the point of convergence of the two wire ropes is located in the vertical plane in which the centre of gravity of the pendulum block travels.
Ko so žične vrvi napete, se podporni tram namesti tesno za zadnji kolesi in se nato pritrdi na tla.
With the wire ropes tensioned, the wedging beam shall be placed behind and tight against the rear wheels and then fixed to the ground.
Če gre za zgibno krmiljeni traktor, se centralni zgib dodatno podpre z lesenim podstavkom s stranico vsaj 100 mm in pritrdi na tla.
If the tractor is of the articulated type, the point of articulation shall, in addition, be supported by a wooden block at least 100 mm square and firmly lashed to the ground.
Pri traktorjih z obrnljivim vozniškim mestom (obrnljiva sedež in volan) se upošteva največja višina od vrednosti iz zgoraj in spodaj navedenih enačb:
For tractors with a reversible driver's position (reversible seat and steering wheel), the height shall be whichever is greater from the formula applied above and that selected below:
H = 2,165 x 10-8 M x L2 ali H = 5,73 x 10-2 I 3.3.1.1.3
H = 2.165 x 10- 8 M x L2 or H = 5.73 x 10- 2I 3.3.1.1.3
Udar s strani
Impact from the side
Traktor se glede na nihalno udarno telo postavi tako, da telo udari ob varnostno konstrukcijo, ko so udarna ploskev telesa in nosilne verige ali žične vrvi navpične, razen če med deformacijo varnostna konstrukcija na točki udara oklepa kot z navpičnico, ki ne presega 20°.
The tractor shall be so placed in relation to the pendulum block that the block will strike the protective structure when the impact face of the block and the supporting chains or wire ropes are vertical unless, during deflection, the protective structure at the point of contact forms an angle of less than 20 to the vertical.
V tem primeru se udarna ploskev telesa naravna z dodatnimi nosilnimi vezmi, da je vzporedna z varnostno konstrukcijo na točki udara v trenutku največje deformacije, medtem ko nosilne verige ali žične vrvi ob udaru ostanejo navpične.
In this case the impact face of the block shall be adjusted by means of an additional support so that it is parallel to the protective structure at the point of impact at the moment of maximum deflection, the supporting chains or wire ropes remaining vertical on impact.
Višina obešenega udarnega telesa se prilagodi, sprejmejo pa se tudi potrebni ukrepi za preprečevanje, da bi se udarno telo zavrtelo okrog točke udara.
The suspended height of the pendulum block shall be adjusted and necessary steps taken so as to prevent the block from turning about the point of impact.
Točka udara je tisti del varnostne konstrukcije, ki bi najverjetneje prvi udaril ob tla, če se traktor prevrne na bok; to je običajno zgornji rob.
The point of impact shall be that part of the protective structure likely to hit the ground first in a sideways overturning accident.
Kolesa traktorja morajo biti pritrjena na tla na strani, na katero bo deloval udar, in sicer z žičnimi vrvmi, ki potekajo prek ustreznih koncev sprednje in zadnje osi.
The tractor wheels on the side which is to receive the impact must be lashed to the ground by means of wire ropes passing over the corresponding ends of the front and rear axles.
Žične vrvi je treba napeti, da se pnevmatike deformirajo do vrednosti iz točke 3.2.5.6.2.
The wire ropes must be tensioned to produce the tyre deflection values given in point 3.2.5.6.2.