natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Zato se ta del uporablja skupaj s posameznimi oddelki v nadaljevanju Priloge, ki navajajo podrobne postopke za posamezne mešanice vlaken.
It shall thus be used in conjunction with the succeeding individual sections of the Annex, which contain the detailed procedures applicable to particular fibre mixtures.
Kadar analiza temelji na drugem načinu kot je selektivno raztapljanje, so vse podrobnosti podane v ustreznem oddelku pri opisu metode.
Occasionally, an analysis is based on a principle other than selective solution; in such cases full details are given in the appropriate section.
Med predelavo, nekaj manj pa tudi v končnih tekstilnih izdelkih, lahko mešanice vsebujejo nevlaknate snovi, kot so maščobe, voski ali apreture, ali v vodi topne snovi, ki so bodisi naravnega izvora ali dodane zaradi lažje predelave.
Mixtures of fibres during processing and, to a lesser extent, finished textiles may contain non-fibrous matter, such as fats, waxes or dressings, or water-soluble matter, either occurring naturally or added to facilitate processing.
Pred analizo je treba te nevlaknate snovi odstraniti.
Non-fibrous matter must be removed before analysis.
V ta namen je podana tudi metoda za odstranjevanje olj, maščob, voskov in v vodi topnih snovi.
For this reason a method for removing oils, fats, waxes and water-soluble matter is also given.
Takšne snovi, v izjemnih primerih vključno z barvili, lahko vplivajo na delovanje reagenta na topno komponento in/ali jih reagent lahko v celoti ali deloma odstrani.
Such matter, including dyestuffs in exceptional cases, may interfere with the action of the reagent on the soluble component and/or it may be partially or completely removed by the reagent.
Tovrstni dodatki lahko zato povzročajo napake in jih je treba pred analizo vzorca odstraniti.
This type of added matter may thus cause errors and shall be removed before the sample is analysed.
Če teh dodatkov ni mogoče odstraniti, so metode kvantitativne kemične analize, opisane v tej prilogi, neuporabne.
If it is impossible to remove such added matter the methods for quantitative chemical analysis given in this Annex are no longer applicable.
Barvila v obarvanih tekstilijah veljajo za sestavni del vlaken in se ne odstranjujejo.
Dye in dyed fabrics is considered to be an integral part of the fibre and is not removed.
Analize se izvajajo na podlagi suhe mase, navedeni postopek pa se uporablja za določanje suhe mase.
Analyses are conducted on the basis of dry mass and a procedure is given for determining dry mass.
Rezultat se izračuna tako, da se na suho maso vsake posamezne vrste vlaken upoštevajo dogovorjeni dodatki, našteti v Prilogi IX.
The result is obtained by applying to the dry mass of each fibre the agreed allowances listed in Annex IX.
Pred izvedbo vsake analize je treba določiti vrsto vlaken, prisotnih v mešanici.
Before proceeding with any analysis, all the fibres present in the mixture shall have been identified.
Pri nekaterih metodah lahko reagent, uporabljen za raztapljanje topnih(-e) komponent(-e), delno raztopi tudi netopno komponento mešanice.
In some methods, the insoluble component of a mixture may be partially dissolved in the reagent used to dissolve the soluble component(s).
Kolikor je mogoče, se izberejo taki reagenti, ki nimajo nikakršnega učinka ali imajo kar najmanjši učinek na netopna vlakna.
Where possible, reagents have been chosen that have little or no effect on the insoluble fibres.
Če je znano, da med analizo pride do izgube mase, je rezultat treba korigirati; v ta namen so podani potrebni korekcijski faktorji.
If loss in mass is known to occur during the analysis, the result shall be corrected; correction factors for this purpose are given.
Ti faktorji so bili v različnih laboratorijih določeni z obdelavo vlaken z ustreznimi reagenti po predpisani metodi in predhodno predobdelavo.
These factors have been determined in several laboratories by treating, with the appropriate reagent as specified in the method of analysis, fibres cleaned by the pre treatment.
Ti korekcijski faktorji veljajo samo za nerazgrajena vlakna; če pride pred ali med obdelavo do razgradnje vlaken, je treba uporabiti drugačne korekcijske faktorje.
These correction factors apply only to undegraded fibres and different correction factors may be necessary if the fibres have been degraded before or during processing.
Navedeni postopki se uporabljajo za posamične določitve.
The procedures given apply to single determinations.
Na ločenih preskusnih primerkih se izvedeta najmanj dve določitvi, tako v primeru ročnega kot tudi kemičnega ločevanja.
At least two determinations on separate test specimens shall be made, both in the case of manual separation and in the case of chemical separation.
Če je tehnično izvedljivo, je za potrditev rezultatov priporočljivo uporabiti alternativne postopke, pri katerih se komponenta, ki je pri standardni metodi preostanek, raztopi prva.
For confirmation, unless technically impossible, it is recommended to use alternative procedures whereby the constituent that was the residue in the standard method is dissolved out first.
POGLAVJE 2 Metode kvantitativne analize nekaterih dvokomponentnih mešanic tekstilnih vlaken
CHAPTER 2 Methods for quantitative analysis of certain binary textile fibre mixtures
Splošne informacije, ki so skupne metodam kvantitativne kemične analize mešanic tekstilnih vlaken
General information common to the methods given for the quantitative chemical analysis of textile fibre mixtures
Področje uporabe vsake metode opredeljuje, za katera vlakna se metoda uporablja.
The field of application for each method specifies to which fibres the method is applicable.
Po razpoznavanju posameznih komponent v mešanici se z ustrezno predobdelavo odstranijo nevlaknate snovi, nato pa ena od komponent, običajno z izbirnim raztapljanjem .
After the identification of the components of a mixture, the non-fibrous material is removed by suitable pre-treatment and then one of the components, usually by selective solution Method 12 is an exception.
Razen v primerih, ko bi takšno raztapljanje povzročilo tehnične težave, je priporočljivo najprej raztopiti tisto vlakno, katerega delež je večji, pri čemer vlakno, ki je zastopano v manjšem deležu, predstavlja preostanek po raztapljanju.
Except where this presents technical difficulties, it is preferable to dissolve the fibre present in the greater proportion, thus obtaining the fibre present in the smaller proportion as residue.
OPREMA IN REAGENTI
MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
Filtrirni lončki in tehtiči, dovolj veliki, da vsebujejo filtrirne lončke, ali aparature, ki dajejo enake rezultate.
Filter crucibles and weighing bottles large enough to contain such crucibles, or any other apparatus giving identical results.
Eksikator, ki vsebuje silikagel z indikatorjem za vsebnost vode.
Desiccator containing self-indicating silica gel.
Sušilnik z ventorjem za sušenje preskusnih primerkov pri 105 ± 3 ºC.
Ventilated oven for drying specimens at 105 ± 3 ºC.
Analitska tehtnica z natančnostjo do 0,0002 g.
Analytical balance, accurate to 0,0002 g.
Soxhlet aparat (ekstrakcijski aparat) ali drugi aparat, ki daje enake rezultate.
Soxhlet extractor or other apparatus giving identical results.
Petroleter, redestiliran, temperatura vrelišča od 40 do 60 °C.
Light petroleum, redistilled, boiling range 40 to 60 ºC.
Drugi reagenti so določeni v ustreznih oddelkih z opisi posameznih metod.
Other reagents are specified in the appropriate sections of each method.
KONDICIONIRANJE IN PRESKUŠEVALNA ATMOSFERA
CONDITIONING AND TESTING ATMOSPHERE
Ker se določajo suhe mase, kondicioniranje preskusnih primerkov in izvajanje analize v standardni atmosferi ni potrebno.
Because dry masses are determined, it is unnecessary to condition the specimen or to conduct analyses in a conditioned atmosphere.
LABORATORIJSKI PRESKUSNI VZOREC
LABORATORY TEST SAMPLE
Laboratorijski preskusni vzorec, ki je reprezentativen za laboratorijski osnovni vzorec naj bo dovolj velik, da se iz njega lahko pridobi vse potrebne preskusne primerke, od katerih naj vsak tehta vsaj 1 g.
Take a laboratory test sample that is representative of the laboratory bulk sample and sufficient to provide all the specimens, each of at least 1 g, that are required.
PREDOBDELAVA LABORATORIJSKEGA PRESKUSNEGA VZORCA Glej poglavje 1.1.
PRE-TREATMENT OF LABORATORY TEST SAMPLE See Chapter 1.1.
Kadar je prisotna snov, ki se pri izračunu odstotkov ne upošteva (glej člen 18), se le-ta najprej odstrani z ustrezno metodo, ki ne učinkuje na nobeno drugo vlaknato komponento.
Where a substance not to be taken into account in the percentage calculations (see Article 19) is present, it shall first be removed by a suitable method that does not affect any of the fibre constituents.
Nevlaknate snovi, ki jih je mogoče odstraniti s petroletrom in vodo, se odstranijo tako, da se laboratorijski preskusni vzorec obdeluje eno uro v Soxhlet aparatu s petroletrom s hitrostjo najmanj šest ciklov na uro.
For this purpose, non-fibrous matter which can be extracted with light petroleum and water is removed by treating the laboratory test sample in a Soxhlet extractor with light petroleum for one hour at a minimum rate of six cycles per hour.
Ko petroleter izhlapi iz vzorca, se vzorec ekstrahira z direktno obdelavo, ki jo sestavlja enourno namakanje laboratorijskega preskusnega vzorca v vodi pri sobni temperaturi, ki mu sledi še enourno namakanje v vodi pri temperaturi 65 ± 5 °C, pri čemer se vsebina od časa do časa premeša.
Allow the light petroleum to evaporate from the sample, which is then extracted by direct treatment consisting in soaking the laboratory test sample in water at room temperature for one hour and then soaking it in water at 65 ± 5 °C for a further hour, agitating the liquor from time to time.
Uporabljeno razmerje med tekočino in laboratorijskim preskusnim vzorcem je 100:1.
Use a liquor-laboratory test sample ratio of 100:1.
Odvečna voda se iz vzorca odstrani s stiskanjem, odsesavanjem ali centrifugiranjem, nato se vzorec posuši na zraku.
Remove the excess water from the sample by squeezing, suction or centrifuging and then allow the sample to become air-dry.
Pri elastolefinu ali mešanicah vlaken, ki vsebujejo elastolefin in druga vlakna (volno, živalske dlake, svilo, bombaž, lan, konopljo, juto, abako, alfo, kokos, žuko ali brnistro, ramijo, sisal, bakro, modal, protein, viskozo, akril, poliamid ali najlon, poliester, elastomultiester), je treba opisani postopek nekoliko spremeniti, in sicer tako, da se petroleter nadomestiti z acetonom.
In the case of elastolefin or fibre mixtures containing elastolefin and other fibres (wool, animal hair, silk, cotton, flax (or linen) true hemp, jute, abaca, alfa, coir, broom, ramie, sisal, cupro, modal, protein, viscose, acrylic, polyamide or nylon, polyester, elastomultiester) the procedure just described shall be slightly modified, in that light petroleum ether shall be replaced by acetone.
Pri dvokomponentnih mešanicah tekstilnih vlaken, ki vsebujejo elastolefin in acetat, se za predobdelavo uporabi naslednji postopek
In the case of binary fibre mixtures containing elastolefin and acetate the following procedure shall apply as pre-treatment.
Laboratorijski preskusni vzorec se izpere z vodo, nato se ga odcedi in izpere z 0,1 % raztopino natrijevega bikarbonata; vzorec se nazadnje dobro izpere z vodo.
Wash laboratory test sample in water, then drain and wash it in a 0,1 % sodium bicarbonate solution, finally wash it carefully in water.
Kadar nevlaknate snovi ni mogoče ekstrahirati s petroletrom in vodo, se opisana metoda nadomesti z ustrezno drugo metodo, ki bistveno ne vpliva na vlaknate komponente.
Where non-fibrous matter cannot be extracted with light petroleum and water, it shall be removed by substituting for the water method described above a suitable method that does not substantially alter any of the fibre constituents.
POSTOPEK PRESKUSA
TEST PROCEDURE
Vsi postopki sušenja se izvajajo najmanj štiri ure in največ 16 ur pri temperaturi 105 ± 3 °C v sušilniku z ventilatorjem, katerega vrata so ves čas zaprta.
Conduct all drying operations for not less than four hours and not more than 16 hours at 105 ± 3 ºC in a ventilated oven with the oven door closed throughout.
Če je čas sušenja krajši od 14 ur, je treba primerek stehtati, da se ugotovi, ali je njegova masa konstantna.
If the drying period is less than 14 hours, the specimen must be weighed to check that its mass has become constant.
Masa je konstantna, če se po nadaljnjih 60 minutah sušenja spremeni za manj kot 0,05 %.
The mass may be considered to have become constant if, after a further drying period of 60 minutes, its variation is less than 0,05 %.
Med sušenjem, hlajenjem in tehtanjem naj se filtrirni lončki, tehtiči, primerki ali preostanki čim manj prijemajo z golimi rokami.
Avoid handling crucibles and weighing bottles, specimens or residues with bare hands during the drying, cooling and weighing operations.
Primerki se sušijo v tehtiču, katerega pokrovček je položen zraven njega.
Dry specimens in a weighing bottle with its cover beside it.
Po sušenju se tehtič pokrije, nato se ga čim hitreje prestavi v eksikator.
After drying, stopper the weighing bottle before removing it from the oven, and transfer it quickly to the desiccator.
Filtrirni lonček se suši v tehtiču, katerega pokrovček je položen zraven njega v sušilniku.
Dry the filter crucible in a weighing bottle with its cover beside it in the oven.
Po sušenju se tehtič pokrije ter se ga karseda hitro prestavi v eksikator.
After drying, close the weighing bottle and transfer it quickly to the desiccator.
Kadar se namesto filtrirnega lončka uporablja kakšna druga oprema, mora sušenje v sušilniku potekati na način, ki omogoča, da se masa suhih vlaken določi brez izgube mase.
Where apparatus other than a filter crucible is used, drying operations in the oven shall be conducted in such a way as to enable the dry mass of the fibres to be determined without loss.
Vsi postopki hlajenja v eksikatorju, ki je običajno zraven tehtnice, se izvajajo toliko časa, da se doseže popolna ohladitev tehtiča, nikakor pa ne manj kot dve uri.
Conduct all cooling operations in the desiccator the latter placed beside the balance, until complete cooling of the weighing bottles is attained, and in any case for not less than two hours.
Po ohladitvi se tehtič odstrani iz eksikatorja in v roku dveh minut stehta.
After cooling, complete the weighing of the weighing bottle within two minutes of its removal from the desiccator.
Natančnost tehtanja je 0,0002 g.
Weigh to an accuracy of 0,0002 g.
Iz predobdelanega laboratorijskega preskusnega vzorca se odvzame preskusni primerek mase vsaj 1 g.
Take from the pre-treated laboratory test sample a test specimen weighing at least 1 g.
Preja ali blago se nareže na dele, dolge približno 10 mm, ki so čim bolj razvlaknjeni.
Cut yarn or cloth into lengths of about 10 mm, dissected as much as possible.
Primerek se posuši v tehtiču, ohladi v eksikatorju in stehta.
Dry the specimen in a weighing bottle, cool it in the desiccator and weigh it.
Primerek se prenese v stekleno posodo, določeno v primernem oddelku ustrezne metode Unije, nato se tehtič ponovno stehta in iz razlike izračuna suha masa primerka.
Transfer the specimen to the glass vessel specified in the appropriate section of the relevant Union method, reweigh the weighing bottle immediately and obtain the dry mass of the specimen by difference.
Preskušanje se zaključi skladno z navodili iz ustreznega oddelka metode, ki se uporablja.
Complete the test as specified in the appropriate section of the applicable method.
Preostanek se pregleda z mikroskopom, da se ugotovi ali je bilo topno vlakno popolnoma odstranjeno z obdelavo.
Examine the residue microscopically to check that the treatment has in fact completely removed the soluble fibre.
IZRAČUN IN PODAJANJE REZULTATOV
CALCULATION AND EXPRESSION OF RESULTS
Masa netopne komponente se izrazi kot odstotek skupne mase vlakna v mešanici.
Express the mass of the insoluble component as a percentage of the total mass of fibre in the mixture.
Odstotek topne komponente se izračuna iz razlike.
The percentage of soluble component is obtained by difference.
Rezultati se izračunajo na podlagi absolutno suhe mase, z upoštevanjem (a) dogovorjenih dodatkov in (b) korekcijskih faktorjev, ki jih je treba upoštevati zaradi izgube mase med predobdelavo in analizo.
Calculate the results on the basis of clean, dry mass, adjusted by (a) the agreed allowances and (b) the correction factors necessary to take account of loss of matter during pre-treatment and analysis.
Pri izračunih se uporabljajo enačbe, podane v točki I.8.2.
Calculations shall be made by applying the formula given in I.8.2.
Izračun odstotka netopne komponente na podlagi mase absolutno suhih vlaken, neupoštevajoč izgubo mase vlaken med predobdelavo
Calculation of percentage of insoluble component on clean, dry mass basis, disregarding loss of fibre mass during pre-treatment:
P1 % absolutno suhe netopne komponente,
P1 % is the percentage of clean, dry insoluble component,
m masa absolutno suhega preskusnega primerka po predobdelavi,
m is the dry mass of the test specimen after pre-treatment,
r masa absolutno suhega preostanka,
r is the dry mass of the residue,
d korekcijski faktor mase netopne komponente zaradi izgube pri obdelavi z reagentom med analizo.
d is the correction factor for loss in mass of the insoluble component in the reagent during the analysis.
Ustrezne vrednosti ’d’ so podane v ustreznih oddelkih posameznih metod.
Suitable values for ’d’ are given in the relevant section of each method.
Vrednosti za ’d’ so običajne vrednosti, ki se uporabijo pri kemično nerazgrajenih vlaknih.
Of course, these values for ’d’ are the normal values applicable to chemically undegraded fibres.
Izračun odstotka netopne komponente na podlagi mase absolutno suhih vlaken, upoštevajoč dogovorjene faktorje in po potrebi korekcijske faktorje za izgubo mase vlaken med predobdelavo
Calculation of percentage of insoluble component on clean, dry mass basis, with adjustment by conventional factors and, where appropriate, correction factors for loss of mass during pre-treatment:
P1A % odstotek netopne komponente, korigiran z dogovorjenimi dodatki in s korekcijskimi faktorji izgube mase med predobdelavo;
P1A % is the percentage of insoluble component adjusted by agreed allowances and for loss in mass during pre-treatment,
P1 odstotek absolutno suhe netopne komponente, izračunane s pomočjo enačbe iz točke I.8.1;
P1 is the percentage of clean dry insoluble component as calculated from the formula shown in I.8.1,
a1 dogovorjeni dodatek za netopno komponento (glej Prilogo IX);
a1 is the agreed allowance for the insoluble component (see Annex IX),
a2 dogovorjeni dodatek za topno komponento (glej Prilogo IX);
a2 is the agreed allowance for the soluble component (see Annex IX),
b1 odstotek izgube mase netopne komponente, ki jo povzroči predobdelava;
b1 is the percentage loss of insoluble component caused by pre-treatment,
b2 odstotek izgube mase topne komponente, ki jo povzroči predobdelava.
b2 is the percentage loss of soluble component caused by pre-treatment.
Odstotek druge komponente se izračuna iz enačbe P2A % = 100 – P1A%.
The percentage of the second component is P2A % = 100 - P1A %.
Kadar je bila uporabljena posebna predobdelava, se vrednosti b1 in b2 določita tako, da se vsaka od čistih vlaknatih komponent predobdela na način, ki je uporabljen v analizi.
Where a special pre-treatment has been used, the values of b1 and b2 shall be determined, if possible, by submitting each of the pure fibre constituents to the pre-treatment applied in the analysis.
Čista vlakna so vlakna brez nevlaknatih snovi razen tistih, ki jih običajno vsebujejo (bodisi so naravno prisotne ali dodane v proizvodnem procesu), in v stanju (nebeljena, beljena), v katerem so prisotna v materialu, ki se analizira.
Pure fibres are those free from all non-fibrous material except that which they normally contain (either naturally or because of the manufacturing process), in the state (unbleached, bleached) in which they are found in the material to be analysed.
Kadar posamezne čiste vlaknate komponente, uporabljene pri izdelavi materiala, ki se analizira, niso na voljo, je treba uporabiti povprečne vrednosti b1 in b2, dobljene na osnovi preskusov, opravljenih na čistih vlaknih, podobnih vlaknom v mešanici, ki se jo preiskuje.
Where no clean separate constituent fibres used in the manufacture of the material to be analysed are available, average values of b1 and b2 as obtained from tests performed on clean fibres similar to those in the mixture under examination, shall be used.
Pri običajni predobdelavi z ekstrakcijo s petroletrom in vodo se korekcijska faktorja b1 in b2 v glavnem lahko zanemarita, razen v primeru nebeljenega bombaža, nebeljenega lanu in nebeljene konoplje, kjer velja, da je izguba zaradi predobdelave navadno 4 %, v primeru polipropilena pa 1 %.
If normal pre-treatment by extraction with light petroleum and water is applied, correction factors b1 and b2 may generally be ignored, except in the case of unbleached cotton, unbleached flax (or linen) and unbleached hemp, where the loss due to the pre-treatment is conventionally taken as 4 %, and in the case of polypropylene, where it is taken as 1 %.
Pri izračunih za druga vlakna se izgube zaradi predobdelave običajno zanemarijo.
In the case of other fibres, losses due to the pre-treatment are conventionally disregarded in calculations.
Ta metoda se uporablja za tekstilna vlakna vseh vrst pod pogojem, da ne tvorijo intimne mešanice in da jih je mogoče ločiti ročno.
This method is applicable to textile fibres of all types provided they do not form an intimate mixture and that it is possible to separate them by hand.
Tehtič ali druga oprema, ki daje enake rezultate.
Weighing bottle or any other apparatus giving identical results.
Soxhlet aparat (aparat za ekstrakcijo) ali druga naprava, ki daje enake rezultate.
Soxhlet extractor, or other apparatus giving an identical result.
Torziometer ali podobna naprava.
Twist tester or similar apparatus.
Petroleter, redestiliran, temperatura vrelišča od 40 do 60 °C.
Light petroleum, redistilled, boiling range 40 to 60 °C.
PREDOBDELAVA LABORATORIJSKEGA PRESKUSNEGA VZORCA
PRE-TREATMENT OF LABORATORY TEST SAMPLE
Iz predobdelanega laboratorijskega preskusnega vzorca se odvzame preskusni primerek mase vsaj 1 g.
Select from the pre-treatment laboratory test sample a specimen of mass not less than 1 g.
Za analizo zelo fine preje zadošča že minimalna dolžina 30 metrov ne glede na maso primerka.
For a very fine yarn, the analysis may be made on a minimum length of 30 m, whatever its mass.
Preja se razreže na kose primerne dolžine, posamezne vrste vlaken se ločijo z iglo in po potrebi s torziometrom.
Cut the yarn into pieces of a suitable length and separate the fibre types by means of a needle and, if necessary, a twist tester.
Iz predobdelanega laboratorijskega preskusnega vzorca se dovolj stran od robov odvzame primerek mase vsaj 1 g, ki se mu skrbno obrežejo robovi, da se prepreči cefranje; primerek se izreže v smeri osnove ali votka za tkanino, pri pleteninah pa vzporedno z zančnim stolpcem in zančno vrsto.
Select from the pre-treated laboratory test sample, well away from all selvedges, a specimen of mass not less than 1 g, with edges carefully trimmed to avoid fraying and running parallel with weft or warp yarns, or in the case of knitted fabrics in the line of wales and courses.
Sledi ločitev posameznih vrst vlaken, ki se nadalje zberejo v predhodno stehtane tehtiče; postopek se nadaljuje v skladu z navodili iz II.8.1.
Separate the different fibre types, collect them in pre-weighed weighing bottles and proceed as described in II.8.1.
Masa vsake vlaknate komponente se izrazi kot odstotek skupne mase vlaken v mešanici.
Express the mass of each fibre constituent as a percentage of the total mass of the fibres in the mixture.
Rezultati se izračunajo na podlagi absolutno suhe mase, z upoštevanjem (a) dogovorjenih dodatkov in (b) korekcijskih faktorjev, ki jih je treba upoštevati zaradi izgube mase med predobdelavo.
Calculate the results on the basis of clean, dry mass, adjusted by (a) the agreed allowances and (b) the correction factors necessary to take account of loss of matter during pre-treatment.