natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Pomembno je določiti regulativni okvir, vendar je zakonodaja učinkovita samo, če se dobro izvršuje.
Setting the tone of the regulatory framework is important but any legislation is only effective if it is well enforced.
Za to je bistveno zagotoviti, da redne inšpekcijske preglede izvajajo strokovnjaki, ki so dobro seznanjeni z vrtalnimi razmerami na posamezni lokaciji in ki jim izvajalci zaupajo.
To this end, regular inspection by specialists, well acquainted with the particular drilling conditions and trusted by the operators, is essential to ensure compliance.
Ti visoko usposobljeni inšpektorji, zlasti tisti z veliko izkušnjami, so redek regulativni vir.
Such highly-trained inspectors, especially those with significant experience, are a scarce regulatory resource.
Pri vseh pobudah za napotitev, izmenjavo ali vzpostavitev čezmejnih inšpektoratov bi morali upoštevati stvarne razmere in dodano vrednost, ne pa izčrpavati ključnih virov.
Any initiatives that second, exchange, or even create cross-border, inspectors should acknowledge this reality and add value rather than drain vital resources.
Čeprav bi za države članice z omejenimi dejavnostmi na odprtem morju morda obstajale ekonomije obsega z izmenjavo inšpektoratov, to ne sme biti izgovor za nižjo stopnjo nadzora.
Whilst there may be economies of scale for Member States with limited offshore activity to share inspectorates this must not be an excuse for lower levels of oversight.
Ceno urejanja dejavnosti plača panoga sama; najpomembnejše vprašanje bo verjetno manjša razpoložljivost regulativnih virov, ne pa strošek zanje.
The industry pays the costs of regulating its activity; the relevant issue is more likely to be the scarceness of regulatory resources, rather than their cost.
Posebni zadržki glede izvajanja, ki jim je treba posvetiti posebno pozornost, je, da sta za osnovno varnost vrtine, tako pri obali kot na odprtem morju, potrebni dve preskušeni varovali.
A specific operational consideration which merits particular mention is that fundamental well safety, both onshore and offshore, requires two tested barriers at all times.
Opremo, na primer varovala proti izlitju, je treba redno preskušati.
Equipment, such as blowout preventers should be tested frequently.
Čim bolj si je treba prizadevati za spodbujanje dialoga in skupnih pobud med pristojnimi nacionalnimi organi, pri čemer naj bi bil za zgled Forum pomorskih organov za Severno morje (NSOAF)
Every effort should be made to foster dialogue, and encourage joint initiatives, between national competent authorities, with the NSOAF
Podoben forum bi bil koristen tudi za Sredozemsko, Baltsko in Črno morje, v katerem bi regulativni organi ocenjevali panožne trende in najboljšo prakso, se odzivali na izredne dogodke in širili znanje, med drugim s projekti za večnacionalne revizije in z ustanovitvijo delovnih skupin za poročanje na rednih zasedanjih.
The Mediterranean, Baltic and Black seas can benefit from an equivalent forum where regulators assess industry trends and best-practice, react to incidents and spread knowledge, inter alia, by undertaking multi-national audit projects and establishing working groups reporting to regular plenaries.
Za učinkovito delo bi moral forum zajeti vse zadevne pristojne nacionalne organe, ne glede na to, ali prihajajo iz EU ali ne.
To work effectively, these forums should incorporate all relevant national competent authorities, irrespective of whether they’re in the EU or not.
V jedrski panogi je treba o izrednih dogodkih obvezno poročati Mednarodni agenciji za atomsko energijo.
In the nuclear industry incident-reporting to the IAEA is mandatory.
Zakonodaja EU nalaga poročanje o dogodkih v civilnem letalstvu, kar zagotavlja, da se lahko vse informacije prek skupnega raziskovalnega središča kot centralnega arhiva analizirajo in razširjajo.
EU legislation mandates occurrence reporting for civil aviation, ensuring that all information can be analysed and disseminated by tasking the JRC as a central repository.
Čeprav obstajajo mehanizmi za poročanje o izrednih dogodkih
Whilst mechanisms do exist for incident-reporting,
Na primer varnostni bilteni foruma NSOAF. , je še vedno prostor z nadaljnje ukrepe, zlasti v svetovnem merilu.
NSOAF's 'safety bulletins'. there still appears to be scope for further measures, especially on a global scale.
Pristojni nacionalni organi bi morali informacije iz poročanja o izrednih dogodkih zbrati in pravočasno objaviti, ob tem pa ustrezno spoštovati poslovno občutljivost podatkov.
National competent authorities should collate information from incident-reporting, and publicise it in a timely way, with due regard for commercially sensitive information.
Komisija bi morala pred oceno potrebe po novih čezmejnih pobudah ovrednotiti učinkovitost različnih obstoječih informacijskih poti.
The Commission should assess the efficacy of the various existing information channels before assessing the need for any new cross-border initiatives.
Soudeležba delavcev
Workforce engagement
Da se bo razvila stroga kultura glede varnosti, je v zdravstvene in varnostne pobude bistveno pritegniti delavce, saj so pogosto bolj na mestu za prepoznavanje ovir za večjo uspešnost na teh področjih.
To develop a rigorous safety-culture, it is vital to engage the offshore workforce in health and safety initiatives, as they are often the best placed to identify barriers to improved health and safety performance.
Najuspešnejši varnostni predlogi najpogosteje predlagajo manjše spremembe v vedenju in ravnanju; ker pa do največjih tveganj navadno prihaja v fazah, ko je potreben človekov poseg (vrtanje, vzdrževanje itd.), je tovrstni pristop izredno dragocen.
Effective safety suggestions are often those that might be considered minor behavioural changes; however, given that the biggest risks characteristically arise at operations stages requiring human intervention (drilling, maintenance etc.) such a focus can prove invaluable.
Varnostno usposabljanje
Safety training
Panoga pridobivanja nafte in plina na odprtem morju se ponaša z rekordnim izboljšanjem zdravja in varnosti osebja.
The offshore oil and gas industry boasts an improving health and safety record for personnel.
Vseeno pa varnosti delavcev ne bi smeli gledati ločeno od varnosti postopkov, še posebej glede obsega preprečevanja in obvladovanja nesreč.
However, focus on the safety of personnel should not detract from that of procedures, especially in the scope of disaster prevention and management.
Za obvladovanje nesreč je bistveno dobro usposabljanje.
Robust training for disaster-management scenarios is vital.
V svetovnem merilu je nap primer že standard, da se izvajalci vrtanja udeležijo številnih tečajev o nadzoru vrtin (ki zajemajo tudi usposabljanje za ravnanje v primeru nesreče).
For example, globally it is already standard for all drill operators to undergo well control courses (which include training to react to disaster scenarios).
Številne varnostne pomanjkljivosti v nesreči na ploščadi Deepwater Horizon so očitno povzročili kulturni vidiki te operacije.
Many of the safety failures of the Deepwater Horizon disaster seemed to derive from cultural aspects of that operation.
V pričakovanju najhujšega
Anticipating the worst
Osrednji koraki regulativnega postopka bi morali biti vložitev, posvetovanje in odobritev načrta izrednih ukrepov za posamezno lokacijo.
The submission, consultation, and approval of a site-specific contingency plan should be a vital step of the regulatory procedure.
V načrtih bi morale biti prepoznane morebitne nevarnosti, ovrednoteni viri in posledice onesnaženja, orisana odzivna strategija, ki bi lahko vsebovala tudi načrte za rezervne vrtine in ustrezno opremo za odziv.
These plans should: identify potential hazards; assess pollution sources and effects; outline a response strategy, which may include drilling plans for a relief well and identify appropriate response equipment.
Operacija se v nobenem primeru ne bi smela začeti, dokler načrt izrednih ukrepov ne bi bil potrjen.
No operations should start until a contingency plan has been approved.
Pri zapletenih vrtinah ali težavnih razmerah za vrtanje bi bilo treba načrt izrednih ukrepov hkrati z drugimi procesi regulativnega potrjevanja še oceniti.
For complex wells, or challenging drill conditions, the contingency plan should be assessed at the same time as other regulatory approval processes.
Posledice nesreče na ploščadi Deepwater Horizon so bile še toliko hujše zaradi pomanjkanja ustrezne opreme za zadrževanje.
The impact of the Deepwater Horizon disaster was magnified by a lack of appropriate containment equipment.
Konkretne lekcije iz te nesreče bi lahko koristile za zasnovo sistemov pripravljenosti in opreme za reševalne ukrepe.
Concrete lessons from this disaster should inform the design of stand-by systems and equipment for recovery purposes.
Global Industry Response Group, Svetovna industrijska skupina za odzivanje in OSPRAG
Global Industry Response Group and OSPRAG
Skupne pobude za razvoj ustrezne opreme za zadrževanje in blaženje posledic že kažejo prve sadove – skupina OSPRAG je za britanski epikontinentalni pas nedavno naročila „pokrov“, s katerim bi lahko zaprli vrtino v primeru izliva.
Joint initiatives to develop appropriate containment and recovery equipment are already bearing fruit - OSPRAG has recently commissioned a ’cap’ that could close off a well in the event of a blowout, for use on the UKCS.
Panoga sama in regulatorji bi morali zagotoviti, da bi bila podobna oprema na voljo tudi v Sredozemskem morju.
The industry and regulators should ensure similar equipment is available in the Mediterranean Sea.
Evropska agencija za pomorsko varnost bi morala ob pregledu svoje ustanovne uredbe, pri čemer naj bi zajeli odzivanje na onesnaženje zaradi pridobivanja nafte in plina na odprtem morju, združiti nabor odzivnih virov iz panoge in javna sredstva.
In the context of the review of EMSA’s founding regulation to cover response to pollution arising from offshore oil and gas activities, the Agency should collate inventories of industry response-resources as well as public assets.
Sanacijski ukrepi
Remedial action
Med začetno odzivno fazo na nesrečo na ploščadi Deepwater Horizon je prišlo do zmede glede odgovornosti, vladni nadzor je bil pomanjkljiv, pa tudi javnost ni bila dovolj dobro obveščena.
The initial stages of the response to the Deepwater Horizon disaster were characterised by confused responsibilities and a lack of government oversight, as well as inconsistent public information.
V primeru razlitja s posledicami za vso državo bi se morali sprožiti nacionalni načrti izrednih ukrepov z natančno navedeno hierarhično strukturo, komunikacijskimi potmi in načrti za uporabo nacionalnih sredstev, ki bi jih v primeru razlitja uporabili skupaj s panožnimi prizadevanji.
A spill of national significance in the EU should trigger National Contingency Plans which detail command structures, communication channels and plans for the deployment of national assets alongside industry efforts.
Na morebitne stroške nesreče vplivajo številni dejavniki, povezani z naravo vrtine (velikost vrelca, pritisk, temperatura itd.), širšim okoljem in naravo odziva – odločilna je predvsem hitrost.
The potential cost of any disaster is affected by a number of factors, related to the nature of the well (size of the reservoir, pressure, temperature etc.), the wider environment, and the nature of the response - critically, the speed of response.
Okoljska odgovornost v EU deluje po načelu onesnaževalec plača.
Environmental liability in the EU is based on the ’polluter-pays’ principle.
Pomemben regulativni pogoj pred začetkom del je zagotoviti, da imajo izvajalci zadostna sredstva za izpolnitev te zahteve.
Assuring that operators have sufficient financial resources to satisfy this requirement, as well as their other liabilities, is an important regulatory check prior to the start of operations.
Seveda pa regulativna obremenitev na tem področju ne sme biti tako velika, da bi izključila manjše, pogosto specializirane, izvajalce.
However, the regulatory hurdles in this area must not be so high as to effectively shut off the industry to smaller, and often specialised, operators.
Večje multinacionalne družbe vse bolj ugotavljajo, da se izkoriščanje nekaterih že postavljenih polj ne splača več, tako da te ploščadi lahko prevzamejo manjši izvajalci, ki naložbo ohranijo in povečajo dobavo.
Whilst large multinational companies increasingly find it uneconomic to continue exploiting some of the established fields, smaller operators can often take over these assets, maintaining investment and extending supply.
Neprekinjene naložbe so pomembne, ker ustavijo padanje proizvodnje na starejših naftnih in plinskih vrtinah na odprtem morju EU.
Continued investment is vital to help arrest the decline in production from mature offshore oil and gas operations in the EU.
Za gospodarstvo EU, okolje in energetske potrebe oligopol v tem sektorju ni najboljša rešitev.
The EU’s economy, environment and energy needs are not best served by an oligopoly in the offshore sector.
Za Severno morje obstaja skupna jamstvena shema OPOL, ki zavezuje izvajalce v tej panogi k strogi odgovornosti glede škode zaradi onesnaževanja in k poplačilu sanacijskih ukrepov: zaenkrat je finančni prag odgovornosti 250 milijonov USD na nesrečo
OPOL is a mutual guarantee scheme in the North Sea that binds industry members to accept strict, ’no fault’ liability for pollution damage and reimbursement of remedial measures, with a current limit of liability of $250m per incident.
To ni najvišji znesek odgovornosti. .
This figure is not a liability 'cap'.
Ta sistem omogoča mehanizem za urejeno poravnavo terjatev in vse strani spodbuja k sanacijskemu ukrepanju.
Such a scheme offers a mechanism for the orderly settlement of claims, and incentivises immediate remedial action by all parties.
Tovrstna porazdelitev tveganja pripomore k določeni stopnji samourejanja in medsebojnega nadzora med izvajalci.
This mutualisation of risk contributes to a degree of ’self-policing’ and oversight amongst operators.
Sistem je odvisen od zaupanja med izvajalci, ki delujejo na podobnih lokacijah.
The scheme depends on trust developed when the participants operate in a similar location.
Neustrezno bi bilo, da bi sistem OPOL razširili na druge obrate na odprtem morju EU, glede na koristi pa bi lahko za dejavnosti v drugih vodah EU ustvarili podobne sheme.
It seems inappropriate to extend OPOL itself to offshore facilities in other EU seas but given the benefits equivalent schemes should be created for operations in other EU waters.
Vode EU urejajo številni mednarodni pravni predpisi.
A large body of international law governs EU waters.
Ukrepi na ravni EU bi bili dobrodošli, ker bi prinesli dodano vrednost.
Any EU-level measures are only to be welcomed should they add additional value.
Čeprav bi morala bi morala panoga zagotoviti enotno delovanje po visokih standardih po vsem svetu, ne bi bilo praktično, da bi podjetja s sedežem v EU obvezovali k temu.
Whilst the industry should ensure that they operate to uniformly high standards across the globe, obligating this on companies with headquarters in the EU appears impractical.
Nacionalni pristojni organi ne glede na morebitne pravne zadržke ne bi mogli nadzorovati delovanje teh družb po svetu.
Notwithstanding potential legal issues, it is unfeasible for national competent authorities to monitor the global operations of companies.
Vprašljivo je tudi, kako bi vplivalo na svetovne varnostne standarde, če bi vse večji delež svetovne proizvodnje nadzorovale vlade, državna podjetja ali državno regulirane nacionalne naftne družbe.
It is also questionable as to the impact this would have for global safety standards when an increasing majority of global production is controlled by government, or state-owned, and regulated, national oil companies.
Boljši, stvarnejši pristop bi bil podpreti mednarodna prizadevanja na ravni skupine G-20 za izmenjavo dobrih praks glede ureditve, standardov in postopkov.
A better, and more realistic, approach is to support international efforts at the G20-level to share good practice in regulations, standards and procedures.
Panoga ima dodatno vlogo, spodbujati pa bi bilo treba tudi sheme, kakršna je PETRAD
Industry has a complementary role and schemes like PETRAD
MNENJE Odbora za okolje, javno zdravje in varnost hrane(*)
OPINION of the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (*)
o obvladovanju izzivov glede varnosti pri pridobivanju nafte in plina na odprtem morju
on Facing the challenge of the safety of offshore oil and gas activities
Pripravljavka mnenja (*) : Corinne Lepage
Rapporteur (*) : Corinne Lepage
(*)Pridruženi odbori – člen 50 poslovnika
(*)Associated committee – Rule 50 of the Rules of Procedure
3. opominja, da dejavnosti pridobivanja nafte in plina na morju vse pogosteje potekajo v vedno nevarnejšem okolju, kar bi utegnilo imeti katastrofalne posledice za okolje ter gospodarstvo morij in obalnih območij;
Notes that offshore oil and gas operations are progressively taking place in increasingly extreme environments, and will potentially lead to major and devastating consequences for the environment and economy of the sea and coastal areas;
8. se zaveda, da nekatere naftne in plinske družbe tako v EU kot po svetu delujejo po različnih standardih, odvisno od nacionalnih regulativnih zahtev; poziva Komisijo, naj skupaj z državami članicami najprej začne celovit pregled zakonodajnega okvira za industrijo črpanja nafte in plina na morju, nato pa naj različne varnostne standarde uskladi do najvišje možne minimalne ravni, da bi podjetjem priskrbela pravno varnost ter zagotovila:
Notes that some oil and gas companies operate to different safety standards both within the EU and worldwide, depending on national regulatory requirements; calls for the Commission, together with the Member States, firstly to initiate a comprehensive review of the legal framework for the offshore oil and gas industry and secondly to harmonise the various safety standards to the highest possible minimum level, so as to provide legal certainty for undertakings and to ensure that:
– da bodo najsodobnejše prakse postale normativ za vse tovrstne dejavnosti po vsej EU in
- state of the art practices become the norm across all operations throughout the EU; and that
– da bo v primeru nesreč zagotovljena čim večja zaščita.
- the greatest possible protection can be guaranteed in the event of an accident;
9. je prepričan, da je potrebno tudi široko in dejavno sodelovanje s tretjimi državami (zlasti tistimi, ki na morju mejijo na EU), da bi resnično obvarovali okolje in zagotovili ustrezne razmere na morju v zvezi z iskanjem, pridobivanjem ter prevozom nafte in plina;
Is convinced that comprehensive and active cooperation with third countries (in particular those sharing a common sea border with the European Union) is also necessary in order to guarantee proper environmental protection and the proper condition of the seas in connection with oil and gas exploration, extraction and transport;
Okrepitev zmogljivosti EU za odzivanje na nesreče
Strengthening the EU's disaster response capacity
KOM(2010)0494 . , upoštevano, da je treba zagotoviti ustrezno spremljanje nevarnosti onesnaževanja, zato da bi pravočasno opredelili, kako ustrezno ukrepati;
COM(2010)0494 . , takes account of the need to guarantee appropriate monitoring of pollution threats in order to determine the appropriate course of action in a timely manner;
15. predlaga, naj bo bistveni del načrtov ukrepov razpoložljiva oprema za omejevanje morebitnih razlitij, ki bo na voljo v bližini ploščadi in naprav, da bi jo lahko v primeru nesreče hitro uporabili;
Suggests that available equipment for capping all potential spills should be an essential part of contingency plans and such equipment should be available in proximity to installations to allow for timely deployment in the event of a major accident;
Sistemi okoljske odgovornosti in mehanizmi finančnih jamstev
Environmental liability regimes and financial guarantee mechanisms
19. meni, da bi morala Komisija preveriti, ali bi bilo mogoče v okviru okoljske odgovornosti oblikovati odškodninski sklad za primere izlitja nafte, ki bi vseboval zavezujoče določbe o finančni varnosti;
Takes the view that the Commission should examine whether a compensation fund for oil disasters can be created within the framework of environmental liability, which would contain binding financial security provisions;
Poročilo Komisije Svetu in Evropskemu parlamentu na podlagi člena 14(2) Direktive 2004/35/ES o okoljski odgovornosti v zvezi s preprečevanjem in sanacijo okoljske škode KOM(2010)0581 . , v katerem pravi, „da zaenkrat ni zadostne utemeljitve za uvedbo usklajenega sistema obveznega finančnega jamstva“; poziva Komisijo, naj s poročilom z ustreznimi predlogi za spremembo direktive o okoljski odgovornosti ne čaka do roka iz njenega člena 18(2);
Report from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament of Article 14(2) of Directive 2004/35/CE on environmental liability with regard to the prevention and remedying of environmental damage COM(2010)581. concluding "that there is not sufficient justification at the present time for introducing a harmonised system of mandatory financial security"; urges the Commission not to wait for the deadline set under Article 18(2) of the Environmental Liability Directive to submit a report which shall include any appropriate proposals to modify the Directive;
Izboljšanje okoljske zakonodaje EU
Improvement of EU environmental legislation
Direktiva Sveta z dne 27. junija 1985 o presoji vplivov nekaterih javnih in zasebnih projektov na okolje (kakor je bila spremenjena); UL L 175, 5.7.1985, str.
Council Directive of 27 June 1985 on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment (as amended); OJ L 175, 5.7.1985, p.
27. poziva Komisijo, naj preuči veljavni regulativni okvir glede razgradnje obstoječe infrastrukture za vrtanje ter po potrebi z zakonodajo razjasni odgovornost operaterjev za varno odstranitev in finančno odgovornost za vso okoljsko škodo, ki je nastala zaradi razgradnje, ali škodo na vrtini, nastalo po razgradnji;
Calls on the Commission to examine the current regulatory framework regarding the decommissioning of existing drilling infrastructure, and to clarify, if necessary by way of legislation, the responsibility of operators for ensuring safe removal and liability for any environmental damage resulting from the decommissioning or from a drilling site after it has been decommissioned;
Direktiva 2010/.../EU Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 24. novembra 2010 o industrijskih emisijah (celovito preprečevanje in nadzorovanje onesnaževanja); UL L 334, 17.12.2010, str.
Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control); OJ L 334, 17.12.2010, p.
17. ; predlaga, naj Komisija v okviru prvega pregleda področja uporabe, ki naj bi ga izvedli do 31. decembra 2011, v točko 1.5 priloge I doda dejavnosti pridobivanja nafte in plina na morju, in naj evropski urad odbora IPPC opredeli najboljše razpoložljive prakse za dejavnosti pridobivanja nafte in plina na morju;
17. ; suggests that the Commission adds under Annex I point 1.5 ‘offshore oil and gas activities’ as part of the first scope review to be carried out by 31st December 2011 and suggests that the European IPPC Bureau defines Best Available Practices (BAT) for offshore oil and gas activities;
Skupne obveznosti s tretjimi državami in na mednarodni ravni
Common commitments with third countries and at international level