natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Verodostojnost in tržno sprejemanje:
Credibility and market acceptance
Pristojni organi preverijo, ali uporabniki bonitetnih ocen na trgu priznavajo posamezne bonitetne ocene ECAI kot verodostojne in zanesljive.
Competent authorities shall verify that ECAIs' individual credit assessments are recognised in the market as credible and reliable by the users of such credit assessments.
Verodostojnost ocenjujejo pristojni organi v skladu z dejavniki, kakršni so:
Credibility shall be assessed by competent authorities according to factors such as the following:
tržni delež ECAI;
market share of the ECAI;
prihodki, ki jih ustvari ECAI, bolj na splošno pa finančna sredstva ECAI;
revenues generated by the ECAI, and more in general financial resources of the ECAI;
obstoj oblikovanja cen na podlagi bonitetne ocene;
whether there is any pricing on the basis of the rating; and
vsaj dve kreditni instituciji uporabljata posamezne bonitetne ocene ECAI za izdajo obveznic in/ali ocenjevanje kreditnega tveganja.
at least two credit institutions use the ECAI's individual credit assessment for bond issuing and/or assessing credit risks.
Pristojni organi preverijo, ali so posamezne bonitetne ocene dostopne po enakih pogojih vsaj vsem kreditnim institucijam, ki imajo upravičen interes do teh posameznih bonitetnih ocen.
Competent authorities shall verify that individual credit assessments are accessible at equivalent terms at least to all credit institutions having a legitimate interest in these individual credit assessments.
Pristojni organi zlasti preverijo, ali so posamezne bonitetne ocene na razpolago strankam, ki niso domače, po enakih pogojih kakor domačim kreditnim institucijam, ki imajo upravičen interes do teh posameznih bonitetnih ocen.
In particular, competent authorities shall verify that individual credit assessments are available to non-domestic parties on equivalent terms as to domestic credit institutions having a legitimate interest in these individual credit assessments.
Za razlikovanje med ustreznimi stopnjami tveganja, ki jih izraža bonitetna ocena, pristojni organi obravnavajo kvantitativne dejavnike, kakršni so dolgoročna stopnja neplačila, povezana z vsemi postavkami, katerim se dodeli ista bonitetna ocena.
In order to differentiate between the relative degrees of risk expressed by each credit assessment, competent authorities shall consider quantitative factors such as the long-term default rate associated with all items assigned the same credit assessment.
Za novo ustanovljene ECAI in za tiste, ki imajo samo kratko evidenco podatkov o neplačilih, pristojni organi vprašajo ECAI, katera je po njihovem mnenju dolgoročna stopnja neplačila, povezana z vsemi postavkami, katerim se dodeli ista bonitetna ocena.
For recently established ECAIs and for those that have compiled only a short record of default data, competent authorities shall ask the ECAI what it believes to be the long-term default rate associated with all items assigned the same credit assessment.
Za razlikovanje med ustreznimi stopnjami tveganja, ki jih izraža bonitetna ocena, pristojni organi obravnavajo kvalitativne dejavnike, kakršni so skupina izdajateljev, ki jih obravnava ECAI, razpon bonitetnih ocen, ki jih dodeljuje ECAI, pomen vsake bonitetne ocene in opredelitev neplačila, ki jo uporablja ECAI.
In order to differentiate between the relative degrees of risk expressed by each credit assessment, competent authorities shall consider qualitative factors such as the pool of issuers that the ECAI covers, the range of credit assessments that the ECAI assigns, each credit assessment meaning and the ECAI's definition of default.
Pristojni organi primerjajo stopnje neplačil za vsako bonitetno oceno določene ECAI in jih primerjajo z merilom, določenim na podlagi stopenj neplačil drugih ECAI v skupini izdajateljev, ki po mnenju pristojnih organov predstavljajo enakovredno stopnjo tveganja.
Competent authorities shall compare default rates experienced for each credit assessment of a particular ECAI and compare them with a benchmark built on the basis of default rates experienced by other ECAIs on a population of issuers that the competent authorities believes to present an equivalent level of credit risk.
Če pristojni organi menijo, da so stopnje neplačil za bonitetno ocene določene ECAI bistveno in sistematično višje od določenega merila, dodelijo bonitetni oceni ECAI višjo stopnjo kvalitativnega kreditnega tveganja na lestvici ocenjevanja kreditne kvalitete.
When competent authorities believe that the default rates experienced for the credit assessment of a particular ECAI are materially and systematically higher then the benchmark, competent authorities shall assign a higher credit quality step in the credit quality assessment scale to the ECAI credit assessment.
Če ECAI v primeru, ko pristojni organi povečajo utež tveganja za določeno njeno bonitetno oceno, dokaže, da stopnje neplačil, ugotovljene za to njeno bonitetno oceno niso več bistveno in sistematično višje od sprejetega merila, pristojni organi lahko sklenejo, da bonitetni oceni ECAI vrnejo prvotno stopnjo kvalitativnega kreditnega tveganja na lestvici ocenjevanja kreditne kvalitete.
When competent authorities have increased the associated risk weight for a specific credit assessment of a particular ECAI, if the ECAI demonstrates that the default rates experienced for its credit assessment are no longer materially and systematically higher than the benchmark, competent authorities may decide to restore the original credit quality step in the credit quality assessment scale for the ECAI credit assessment.
Kreditna institucija lahko imenuje eno ali več primernih ECAI, ki se bodo uporabljale za določanje uteži tveganja za aktivo in zunajbilančne postavke.
A credit institution may nominate one or more eligible ECAIs to be used for the determination of risk weights to be assigned to asset and off-balance sheet items.
Kreditna institucija, ki sklene uporabljati bonitetne ocene, ki jih je pripravila primerna ECAI za nekatere kategorije postavk, mora navedene bonitetne ocene uporabljati dosledno za vse izpostavljenosti iz navedene kategorije.
A credit institution which decides to use the credit assessments produced by an eligible ECAI for a certain class of items must use those credit assessments consistently for all exposures belonging to that class.
Kreditna institucija, ki sklene uporabljati bonitetne ocene, ki jih je pripravila primerna ECAI, jih mora uporabljati trajno in dosledno.
A credit institution which decides to use the credit assessments produced by an eligible ECAI must use them in a continuous and consistent way over time.
Kreditna institucija lahko uporablja samo bonitetne ocene ECAI, ki upoštevajo vse zneske tako iz naslova dolgovane glavnice kot iz naslova dolgovanih obresti.
A credit institution can only use ECAIs credit assessments that take into account all amounts both in principal and in interest owed to it.
Če je za ocenjeno postavko od imenovanih ECAI na razpolago samo ena bonitetna ocena, se za določanje uteži tveganja za navedeno postavko uporablja navedena bonitetna ocena.
If only one credit assessment is available from a nominated ECAI for a rated item, that credit assessment shall be used to determine the risk weight for that item.
Če sta od imenovanih ECAI za ocenjeno postavko na razpolago dve bonitetni oceni, ki ustrezata različnim utežem tveganja, se uporabi višja utež tveganja.
If two credit assessments are available from nominated ECAIs and the two correspond to different risk weights for a rated item, the higher risk weight shall be assigned.
Če je za ocenjeno postavko od imenovanih ECAI na razpolago več bonitetnih ocen, se uporabita bonitetni oceni, ki dajeta dve najnižji uteži tveganja.
If more than two credit assessments are available from nominated ECAIs for a rated item, the two assessments generating the two lowest risk weights shall be referred to.
Če se najnižji uteži tveganja razlikujeta, se uporabi višja utež tveganja.
If the two lowest risk weights are different, the higher risk weight shall be assigned.
Če sta najnižji uteži tveganja enaki, se uporabi navedena utež tveganja.
If the two lowest risk weights are the same, that risk weight shall be assigned.
BONITETNA OCENA IZDAJATELJA IN IZDAJE
ISSUER AND ISSUE CREDIT ASSESSMENT
Če obstaja bonitetna ocena za določen emisijski program ali za odobreno kreditiranje, kateremu pripada postavka, ki predstavlja izpostavljenost, se navedena bonitetna ocena uporabi za določanje uteži tveganja, ki se uporablja za navedeno postavko.
Where a credit assessment exists for a specific issuing program or facility to which the item constituting the exposure belongs, this credit assessment shall be used to determine the risk weight to be assigned to that item.
Če za postavko ne obstaja neposredna bonitetna ocena, ampak obstaja bonitetna ocena za določen emisijski program ali za odobreno kreditiranje, kateremu postavka, ki predstavlja izpostavljenost, ne pripada, ali če obstaja splošna bonitetna ocena za izdajatelja, potem se bonitetna ocena uporablja, če daje višjo utež tveganja, kakor bi bila sicer določena, ali če podaja nižjo utež tveganja in je zadevna izpostavljenost v vseh pogledih uvrščena pari passu ali nadrejeno določenemu emisijskemu programu ali odobrenemu kreditiranju ali nadrejenim nezavarovanim izpostavljenostim do navedenega izdajatelja.
Where no directly applicable credit assessment exists for a certain item, but a credit assessment exists for a specific issuing program or facility to which the item constituting the exposure does not belong or a general credit assessment exists for the issuer, then that credit assessment shall be used if it produces a higher risk weight than would other wise be the case or if it produces a lower risk weight and the exposure in question ranks pari passu or senior in all respects to the specific issuing program or facility or to senior unsecured exposures of that issuer, as relevant.
Namen odstavkov 8 in 9 ni preprečevati uporabo odstavkov 68 do 71 dela 1.
Points 8 and 9 are not to prevent the application of points 68 to 71 of Part 1.
Bonitetne ocene za izdajatelje v okviru skupine podjetij se ne morejo uporabljati kot bonitetne ocene drugega izdajatelja v okviru iste skupine podjetij.
Credit assessments for issuers within a corporate group cannot be used as credit assessment of another issuer within the same corporate group.
DOLGOROČNE IN KRATKOROČNE BONITETNE OCENE
LONG-TERM AND SHORT-TERM CREDIT ASSESSMENTS
Kratkoročne bonitetne ocene se lahko uporabljajo samo za kratkoročno aktivo in zunajbilančne postavke, ki predstavljajo izpostavljenosti do institucij in podjetij.
Short-term credit assessments may only be used for short-term asset and off-balance sheet items constituting exposures to institutions and corporates.
Kratkoročna bonitetna ocena se uporablja samo za postavko, na katero se kratkoročna bonitetna ocena nanaša, in se ne uporablja za izpeljevanje uteži tveganja za katero koli drugo postavko.
Any short-term credit assessment shall only apply to the item the short-term credit assessment refers to, and it shall not be used to derive risk weights for any other item.
Ne glede na odstavek 13, če ocenjeno kratkoročno odobreno kreditiranje prejme utež tveganja 150 %, potem vse neocenjene nezavarovane kratkoročne in dolgoročne izpostavljenosti do navedenega dolžnika prav tako dobijo utež tveganja 150 %.
Notwithstanding point 13, if a short-term rated facility is assigned a 150% risk weight, then all unrated unsecured exposures on that obligor whether short-term or long-term shall also be assigned a 150% risk weight.
Ne glede na odstavek 13, če ocenjeno kratkoročno odobreno kreditiranje prejme utež tveganja 50 %, nobena neocenjena kratkoročna izpostavljenost ne prejme uteži tveganja manj kot 100 %.
Notwithstanding point 13, if a short-term rated facility is assigned a 50% risk-weight, no unrated short-term exposure shall be assigned a risk weight lower than 100%.
Bonitetna ocena, ki se nanaša na postavko, denominirano v domači valuti dolžnika, se ne more uporabljati za izpeljavo uteži tveganja za drugo izpostavljenost do istega dolžnika, ki je denominirana v tuji valuti.
A credit assessment that refers to an item denominated in the obligor's domestic currency cannot be used to derive a risk weight for another exposure on that same obligor that is denominated in a foreign currency.
Ne glede na odstavek 16, če izpostavljenost nastane zaradi udeležbe kreditne institucije v posojilu, ki ga je odobrila multilateralna razvojna banka, katere status prednostnega upnika je priznan na trgu, pristojni organi lahko dovolijo, da se bonitetna ocena, izdelana za postavko v domači valuti dolžnika, uporabi za namene določitve uteži tveganja.
Notwithstanding point 16, when an exposure arises through a credit institution's participation in a loan that has been extended by a Multilateral Development Bank whose preferred creditor status is recognised in the market, competent authorities may allow the credit assessment on the obligors' domestic currency item to be used for risk weighting purposes.
PRISTOP NA OSNOVI NOTRANJIH BONITETNIH OCEN Del 1 – Zneski tveganju prilagojenih izpostavljenosti in zneski pričakovanih izgub
INTERNAL RATINGS BASED APPROACH Part 1 – Risk weighted exposure amounts and expected loss amounts
IZRAČUN ZNESKOV TVEGANJU PRILAGOJENIH IZPOSTAVLJENOSTI ZA KREDITNO TVEGANJE
CALCULATION OF RISK WEIGHTED EXPOSURE AMOUNTS FOR CREDIT RISK
Če ni navedeno drugače, se vhodni parametri verjetnosti neplačila (PD), izgube ob neplačilu (LGD) in vrednosti zapadlosti (M) določijo kakor je navedeno v delu 2, vrednost izpostavljenosti pa se določi kakor je navedeno v delu 3.
Unless noted otherwise, the input parameters PD, LGD, and maturity value (M) shall be determined as set out in Part 2 and the exposure value shall be determined as set out in Part 3.
Znesek tveganju prilagojenih izpostavljenosti za vsako izpostavljenost se izračuna v skladu z naslednjimi formulami:
The risk weighted exposure amount for each exposure shall be calculated in accordance with the following formulae.
Zneski tveganju prilagojenih izpostavljenosti za izpostavljenosti do podjetij, institucij ter enot centralne ravni držav in centralnih bank.
Risk weighted exposure amounts for exposures to corporates, institutions and central governments and central banks.
Ob upoštevanju odstavkov 5 do 9 se zneski tveganju prilagojenih izpostavljenosti za izpostavljenosti do podjetij, institucij ter enot centralne ravni držav in centralnih bank izračunajo v skladu z naslednjimi formulami:
Subject to points 5 to 9, the risk weighted exposure amounts for exposures to corporates, institutions and central governments and central banks shall be calculated according to the following formulae:
Faktor zapadlosti (b) =
Maturity factor (b) =
Utež tveganja (RW) =
Risk weight (RW) =
) označuje kumulativno porazdelitveno funkcijo za standardizirano normalno slučajno spremenljivko (to je verjetnost, da je normalna slučajna spremenljivka s povprečjem nič in varianco ena, manjša ali enaka x).
) denotes the cumulative distribution function for a standard normal random variable (i.e. the probability that a normal random variable with mean zero and variance of one is less than or equal to x).
označuje inverzno kumulativno porazdelitveno funkcijo za standardizirano normalno slučajno spremenljivko (to je vrednost x tako, da
denotes the inverse cumulative distribution function for a standard normal random variable (i.e. the value x such that
Če je PD = 0, znaša RW: 0.
For PD = 0, RW shall be 0.
za neplačane izpostavljenosti, za katere kreditne institucije uporabljajo vrednosti LGD iz odstavka 8 dela 2 znaša RW: 0; in
for defaulted exposures where credit institutions apply the LGD values set out in Part 2, point 8, RW shall be 0; and
za neplačane izpostavljenosti, za katere kreditne institucije uporabljajo lastne ocene LGD, znaša RW: Max{0,12.5*(LGD-ELBE )};
for defaulted exposures where credit institutions use own estimates of LGDs, RW shall be Max{0, 12.5 *(LGD-ELBE)};
kjer je ELBE najboljša ocena pričakovane izgube kreditne institucije za neplačane izpostavljenosti iz odstavka 8 dela 4 te priloge.
where ELBE shall be the credit institution's best estimate of expected loss for the defaulted exposure according to point 80 of Part 4.
Znesek tveganju prilagojenih izpostavljenosti = RW * vrednost izpostavljenosti
Risk-weighted exposure amount = RW * exposure value.
Znesek tveganju prilagojene izpostavljenosti za vsako izpostavljenost, ki izpolnjuje zahteve, določene v odstavku 29 dela 1 Priloge VIII in odstavku 22 dela 2 Priloge VIII, se lahko prilagodi v skladu z naslednjo formulo:
The risk weighted exposure amount for each exposure which meets the requirements set out in Annex VIII, Part 1, point 29 and Annex VIII, Part 2, point 22 may be adjusted according to the following formula:
Znesek tveganju prilagojene izpostavljenosti = RW *vrednost izpostavljenosti * (0.15 + 160*PDpp)]
Risk-weighted exposure amount = RW * exposure value * (0,15 + 160*PDpp)]
PDpp = PD izdajatelja zavarovanja
PDpp = PD of the protection provider.
RW se izračuna z uporabo ustrezne formule za utež tveganja, določene v odstavku 3 za zavarovano izpostavljenost, PD dolžnika in LGD primerljive neposredne izpostavljenosti do izdajatelja zavarovanja.
RW shall be calculated using the relevant risk weight formula set out in point 3 for the exposure, the PD of the obligor and the LGD of a comparable direct exposure to the protection provider.
Faktor zapadlosti (b) se izračuna z uporabo nižjega izmed PD dajalca zavarovanja in PD dolžnika.
The maturity factor (b) shall be calculated using the lower of the PD of the protection provider and the PD of the obligor.
Za izpostavljenosti do podjetij, kjer skupna letna prodaja za konsolidirano skupino, v katero spada podjetje, znaša manj kakor 50 milijonov EUR, lahko kreditne institucije uporabijo naslednjo korelacijsko formulo za izračun uteži tveganja za izpostavljenosti do podjetij.
For exposures to companies where the total annual sales for the consolidated group of which the firm is a Part is less than EUR 50 million, credit institutions may use the following correlation formula for the calculation of risk weights for corporate exposures.
V tej formuli je S izražen kot skupna letna prodaja v milijonih EUR, s tem da 5 milijonov EUR <= S <= 50 milijonov EUR.
In this formula S is expressed as total annual sales in millions of Euros with EUR 5 million <= S <= EUR 50 million.
Evidentirana prodaja, ki znaša manj kakor 5 milijonov EUR, se obravnava kot enakovredna 5 milijonom EUR.
Reported sales of less than EUR 5 million shall be treated as if they were equivalent to EUR 5 million.
Skupna letna prodaja za odkupljene denarne terjatve je tehtano povprečje posameznih izpostavljenosti v skupini.
For purchased receivables the total annual sales shall be the weighted average by individual exposures of the pool.
Kreditne institucije nadomestijo bilančno vsoto konsolidirane skupine za skupno letno prodajo, kadar skupna letna prodaja ni pomemben kazalec velikosti podjetja in je bilančna vsota pomembnejši kazalec kakor skupna letna prodaja.
Credit institutions shall substitute total assets of the consolidated group for total annual sales when total annual sales are not a meaningful indicator of firm size and total assets are a more meaningful indicator than total annual sales.
Kreditna institucija izpostavljenostim posebnih kreditnih aranžmajev, pri katerih ne more dokazati, da njene ocene PD ustrezajo minimalnim zahtevam iz dela 4, dodeli uteži tveganja v skladu s tabelo 1.
For specialised lending exposures in respect of which a credit institution cannot demonstrate that its PD estimates meet the minimum requirements set out in Part 4 it shall assign risk weights to these exposures according to Table 1, as follows:
Tabela 1:
Table 1
kategorija 1
Category 1
manj kakor 2,5 leta
Less than 2,5 years
enako ali več kakor 2,5 leta
Equal or more than 2,5 years
Pristojni organi lahko dovolijo kreditni instituciji, da na splošno dodeli prednostne uteži tveganja 50 % za izpostavljenosti v kategoriji 1 in uteži tveganja 70 % za izpostavljenosti v kategoriji 2, če so prevzete značilnosti in druge značilnosti tveganj dovolj močne za ustrezno kategorijo.
The competent authorities may authorise a credit institution generally to assign preferential risk weights of 50% to exposures in category 1, and a 70% risk weight to exposures in category 2, provided the credit institution's underwriting characteristics and other risk characteristics are substantially strong for the relevant category.
Pri dodeljevanju uteži tveganj za izpostavljenosti iz naslova posebnih kreditnih aranžmajev kreditne institucije upoštevajo naslednje dejavnike: finančna trdnost, politično in pravno okolje, značilnosti posla in/ali sredstva, finančno stabilnost sponzorja in izvajalca, vključno z morebitnim pritokom dohodka iz javno-zasebnega partnerstva, zavarovalni paket.
In assigning risk weights to specialised lending exposures credit institutions shall take into account the following factors: financial strength, political and legal environment, transaction and/or asset characteristics, strength of the sponsor and developer, including any public private partnership income stream, and security package.
Kreditne institucije morajo glede odkupljenih denarnih terjatev do podjetij izpolnjevati minimalne zahteve iz odstavkov 105 do 109 v delu 4.
For their purchased corporate receivables credit institutions shall comply with the minimum requirements set out in points 105 to 109 of Part 4.
Za odkupljene denarne terjatve do podjetij, ki poleg tega izpolnjujejo pogoje iz odstavka 14, in če bi bilo neupravičeno obremenjujoče za kreditno institucijo uporabljati standarde za količinsko opredelitev tveganja za izpostavljenosti do podjetij, kakor je navedeno za te denarne terjatve v delu 4, se lahko uporabljajo standardi za količinsko opredelitev tveganj za izpostavljenosti iz naslova bančništva na drobno iz dela 4.
For purchased corporate receivables that comply in addition with the conditions set out in point 14, and where it would be unduly burdensome for a credit institution to use the risk quantification standards for corporate exposures as set out in Part 4 for these receivables, the risk quantification standards for retail exposures as set out in Part 4 may be used.
Za odkupljene denarne terjatve do podjetij se lahko vračljivi popusti za odkupe, zavarovanja s premoženjem ali delna osebna jamstva, ki zagotavljajo varovanje pred prvo izgubo v primeru izgube iz naslova neplačil, izgube iz naslova zmanjšanja vrednosti odkupljenih denarnih terjatev, ali obojega, obravnavajo kakor pozicije ob prvi izgubi na podlagi listinjenja v okviru pristopa IRB.
For purchased corporate receivables, refundable purchase discounts, collateral or partial guarantees that provide first-loss protection for default losses, dilution losses, or both, may be treated as first-loss positions under the IRB securitisation framework.
Če institucija zagotavlja kreditno zavarovanje za vrsto izpostavljenosti pod pogojem, da n-to neplačilo med izpostavljenostmi povzroči plačilo, in da ta kreditni dogodek prekine pogodbo, če ima produkt zunanjo bonitetno oceno primerne ECAI, se uporabljajo uteži tveganja, predpisane v členih 94 do 101.
Where an institution provides credit protection for a number of exposures under terms that the nth default among the exposures shall trigger payment and that this credit event shall terminate the contract, if the product has an external credit assessment from an eligible ECAI the risk weights set out in Articles 94 to 101 will be applied.