natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
77. podpira male in srednje projekte kot težišče financiranja raziskav v prihodnje; meni, da lahko univerze in mala in srednja podjetja lažje in z manj stroški upravljajo male in srednje projekte; na ta način bodo lahko povečali dosedanjo nezadovoljivo količino vlog;
Is in favour of small and medium-sized projects forming the focus of future research funding; believes that small and medium-sized projects are easier and less costly for universities and SMEs to manage; and that they will also enable to increase the hitherto unsatisfactory success rates of applications;
81. meni, da bi se morali izogibati sodelovanju na področju raziskav z morebitno dvojno rabo s tretjimi državami, ki ne spoštujejo človekovih pravic, resolucij OZN in mednarodnega prava;
Considers that cooperation with third countries in the domain of research with possible dual use should be avoided with any country that does not respect human rights, UN resolutions and international law;
Komisija je prevzela pobudo in objavila zeleno knjigo, s katero želi določiti skupni strateški okvir za financiranje raziskav in inovacij po letu 2013, in sicer s kombiniranjem evropskih programov (zlasti okvirnega programa za raziskave, Evropskega tehnološkega inštituta in okvirnega programa za konkurenčnost in inovacije) ter sredstev iz strukturnih skladov/kohezijskega sklada, dodeljenih za raziskave in inovacije.
The Commission has taken the initiative of publishing a Green Paper that seeks to lay down a common strategic framework for research and innovation funding after 2013, combining the European programmes – namely the Research Framework Programme (FP), the European Institute of Technology (EIT), and the Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme (CIP) – with the structural/cohesion funding allocated for research and innovation.
Predlog skupnega okvira, ki bi obsegal vse finančne sheme in programe kljub neenakostim v financiranju in njihov različno treden položaj v evropskem kontekstu, po mojem mnenju ponuja priložnost, da se okrepi evropski raziskovalni prostor in razvije pristop, s katerim bi se ta konsolidacija učinkovito zasidrala v jasno strategijo zbliževanja.
Proposing a common framework encompassing all of the funding schemes and programmes, notwithstanding the inequalities in terms of financing and the firmness of their position within the European context, offers, to my mind, an opportunity to strengthen the European Research Area and devise an approach enabling this consolidation to be effectively dovetailed into a clear-cut convergence strategy.
V tem poročilu predlagam preureditev obstoječih shem in programov, zato da bi se Evropa lahko soočila z nastalimi izzivi.
In this report I am proposing that the existing schemes and programmes be reorganised with a view to tackling the challenges that Europe has to face.
Menim tudi, da bi bilo treba za obravnavo specifičnih primerov ustanoviti novo agencijo – investicijsko banko za evropska mala in srednja podjetja – in projektne obveznice, ki bi jih uporabljali za dopolnitev okvira Komisije.
In addition, to deal with specific cases, I believe that a new agency should be set up – a European Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise (SME) Investment Bank – and project bonds used to complement the framework put forward by the Commission.
Glavna cilja takšnega pristopa bi bila stabilnost in konvergenca.
The approach set out here aims first and foremost at stability and convergence.
Vsaka skupna strategija je obsojena na neuspeh, če bomo „tarčo“ves čas prestavljali.
No joint strategy will stand a chance of succeeding if we keep on ‘moving the goalposts’ at every turn.
Dokler dostop do razpoložljivih evropskih skladov zaznamujejo neenakosti in notranja neenakomernost, investicij v raziskave, razvoj in inovacije ne bi smeli jemati z gotovostjo ne glede na strategijo, sprejeto v odziv na sedanje gospodarske in socialne razmere.
Whatever strategy we adopt in response to our current economic and social situation, investment in research, development, and innovation cannot be considered a certainty for as long as access to the European funding available remains beset by inequalities and intrinsically skewed.
Struktura in njena podpora
The structure and its supports
Skupne naložbe v raziskave, razvoj in inovacije v Evropi ne sovpadajo z njenim statusom najbogatejše regije na svetu.
Europe’s aggregate investment in research, development, and innovation has not been commensurate with its status as the richest region in the world.
Združene države, Japonska in tudi države BRIK vlagajo v veliko večjem obsegu.
The United States, Japan, and, for that matter, the BRIC countries have been investing on a larger scale.
Skupni znesek evropskih investicij se je v zadnjih letih res povečal, vendar to Evrope ni bolj povezalo.
The total volume of European investment has admittedly risen in recent years, but that fact has not made Europe more cohesive.
Velika neenakost držav članic se kaže na dveh glavnih področjih.
The very substantial inequalities among the Member States make themselves felt in two main ways.
Prvič, največ koristi od vseevropskih programov imajo še naprej znanstveno in tehnološko naprednejše države.
Firstly, scientifically and technologically more advanced countries are continuing to derive greatest benefit from the Europe-wide programmes.
Dokaz za to je na primer seznam največjih 50 prejemnikov sredstev sedmega okvirnega programa, ki je pokazatelj še vedno obstoječe nezadostne zastopanosti, če ne celo popolne izključenosti novih držav članic in obrobnih gospodarstev, ko gre za akademske ustanove in industrijo.
The evidence can be seen in, for example, the ‘top 50’ lists of recipients of FP7 funding, which show that, where both academic institutions and industry are concerned, the new Member States and outlying economies continue to be severely underrepresented, not to say completely excluded.
Drugič, naložbe se od države do države izredno razlikujejo.
Secondly, investment varies enormously from one country to the next.
Čeprav je napovedani cilj Evrope do leta 2020 povišati splošne naložbe na 3 % BDP, samo šest držav vlaga več kot 2 % lastnega BDP v raziskave in inovacije (Avstrija, Danska, Finska, Francija, Nemčija in Švedska), v desetih državah se vlaga manj kot 1 % BDP, v preostalih 11 pa med 1 % in 2 %.
Although Europe’s declared target is to increase overall investment to 3% of GDP by 2020, only 6 countries at present invest more than 2% of their GDP in research and innovation (Austria, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, and Sweden); in 10 countries investment is less than 1% of GDP and in 11 others it ranges between 1% and 2%.
Pri merilu naložbe na prebivalca najvišje kotirajo države z najvišjo stopnjo investicij.
When the criterion applied is investment per capita, the highest ranked countries are those with the highest rates of investment.
Po tem merilu so nekatere države, kot na primer Luksemburg, v samem vrhu, čeprav so njihove naložbe tako v absolutnem smislu kot v deležu BDP bolj skromne.
Measured against this yardstick, some countries – Luxembourg, for example – rise to the top of the rankings even though their investment, both in absolute terms and as a percentage of GDP, is more modest.
Nove države članice in obrobna gospodarstva so tu spet na samem dnu.
The new Member States and outlying economies area again rank near the bottom.
Glede na sedanje stanje v Evropi, kjer se neenakosti še povečujejo, bi se morali približati tistim v boljšem položaju in povečati sodelovanje.
Given the present state of Europe, in which inequalities are mounting, the aim must be to move closer to those in a stronger position and intensify cooperation.
Zato mora imeti kohezijski sklad v skupnem okviru dopolnilno vlogo, čeprav ga je še vedno treba obravnavati kot ločeno enoto.
To that end, cohesion funding must play a complementary role within the common framework while still being treated as a separate entity.
Namen pristopa, predlaganega v tem poročilu, je zagotoviti, da v skupnem okviru znanja ne bi obravnavali ozkogledo, tj. le kot potencialno tržno finančno premoženje, zanemarili pa bi njegov pomen za javno dobro.
The approach being put forward in this report seeks to ensure that the common framework allows for the fact that knowledge should not be viewed so narrowly, that is to say, purely as a potentially marketable asset, as to neglect its importance to the public good.
Predpostavljamo torej, da inovacije ne izhajajo zgolj iz raziskav, tako kot tudi raziskave niso vedno nujno povezane z inovacijami.
The premiss should be that innovation does not result entirely from research, any more than research has to translate invariably into innovation.
Zagotoviti je treba podlago, s katero bi povezali razpoložljive vire z upoštevanjem okvira za vzpostavljanje skladnosti v odnosih med viri financiranja ter naravo ter obsegom projektov.
What is needed is to provide a basis on which to link together the resources available with a view to producing a framework making for coherence in the relationships established between the sources of financing and the nature and scale of projects.
Prav tako je treba upoštevati in preučiti družbeno razsežnost ter vpliv raziskav in inovacij glede na to, da naše delovanje zaradi neseznanjenosti z družbami, ki so jim namenjene, ne more biti učinkovito.
The social dimension and impacts of research and innovation also need to be taken into account, and studied, given that we cannot bring effective action to bear when we are not familiar with the societies at which it is aimed.
Ne glede na to, kaj si mislimo o industrijskem projektu kot takem, se je v primeru Airbusa na obravnavanem področju Evropa izkazala za veliko močnejšo.
No matter what we might think of the industrial project as such, Airbus is a case in which Europe has emerged manifestly stronger in the fields under discussion here.
Tukaj gre za visoko inovativen dolgotrajen projekt, ki združuje raznovrstne vire in se je v splošnem kontekstu uspel uveljaviti kot zgodba o uspehu.
What is involved is a highly innovative long-term project pooling a variety of resources that has managed to establish itself in the global context as a success story.
Uspeh preureditve, ki jo je predlagala Komisija, bo odvisen od sposobnosti, da se uskladijo prej omenjeni projekti z drugimi projekti drugačnega obsega in da se s tem poveča sodelovanje, pri čemer ne smemo spregledati ali izbrisati posebnih lokalnih, regionalnih in narodnih značilnosti.
The success of the Commission’s proposed reworking will depend on the ability to dovetail projects of the kind described above with projects of other types conceived on another scale, maximising cooperation without ignoring or erasing distinctive local or regional and national features.
Zgled samolepilnih lističev („post-it effect“)
The P ost-it effect
Leta 1968 je Spencer Silver izumil posebne lepilne lističe za večkratno uporabo, ki ne puščajo sledi.
In 1968 Spencer Silver developed a special kind of reusable adhesive that stuck without leaving marks.
Ravno zaradi teh lastnosti izdelek ni bil uspešen.
Precisely because of those characteristics the product flopped.
Naslednjih pet let se je Silver zaman trudil dokazati prednosti svojega izuma.
For five years Silver attempted to demonstrate the advantages of his invention, but to no avail.
Šele leta 1974 se je njegov prijatelj Art Fry, ki je pel v cerkvenem zboru, odločil, da začne uporabljati te „neuporabne“ lističe, ker je bil sit tega, da so mu iz pesmarice vsakič, ko jo je odprl na želeni strani, padala bralna znamenja.
It was only in 1974 that Art Fry, a member of a church choir, decided to start using his friend’s ‘dud’ adhesive because he was fed up with dropping his bookmarks whenever he wanted to open his hymn book on the desired page.
Silverjev izum je prišel v prodajo šele leta 1977 in se je na trgu uveljavil le leto pozneje.
Spencer Silver’s invention was not launched as a product until 1977 and it penetrated the market just a year later.
Zdaj vsi poznamo samolepilne lističe in njihov uspeh, vendar je do njega prišlo šele po desetih letih.
Today we know what Post-it notes are and are aware of their success.
Iz zgleda samolepilnih lističev je jasno razvidno, da financiranje ne sme biti omejeno na inovacije in projekte, ki zagotavljajo takojšen uspeh.
But all this took ten years to happen.
Zato je ključnega pomena, da se vzpostavijo jasne razmejitve med vrsto podpore in projekti.
It is plain to see from the Post-it example that funding must not be confined to innovations or projects offering a guarantee of immediate success.
Določiti je treba, ali naj podporo dobijo mreže in projekti za krepitev infrastrukture, potrebne konsolidacije, ki že imajo sisteme podpore, ali projekti za gradnjo zmogljivosti ali raziskovalni projekti.
That is why it is so vital to have the ability to draw clear distinctions in terms of the nature of support and projects, whether support is to be channelled towards networks or projects whose object is to strengthen infrastructure in need of consolidation, and for which established support systems are already in place, or towards capacity-building or research projects.
Zmožnost takega razlikovanja omogoča združitev posameznih delov v strateško povezano celoto.
The ability to make distinctions is what enables us to combine individual parts into a strategically coherent whole.
Zgornji zgled prav tako prikazuje, da poleg kratko- in srednjeročnih potrebujemo tudi dolgoročna skupna prizadevanja.
The example above also demonstrates the need to conceive of a joint effort extending beyond the short and medium term.
Napredek k odličnosti v vsakem pomenu izraza – merila so odvisna tega, katere dejavnike upoštevamo – bo možen samo, če zagotovimo potrebna sredstva (zato je treba znatno povečati obseg naložb) in sprejmemo odločne korake za poenostavitev postopkov in zmanjšanje administrativnih postopkov ter stroškov.
Progress towards excellence in every sense of the word – the criteria depend on the actors under consideration – will be impossible unless the necessary resources are earmarked (that is why the volume of investment needs to be increased substantially) and resolute steps are taken to simplify the procedures and cut the cost of red tape and administrative overheads.
Zaradi nenehnih težav se pogosto zgodi, da so nagrajeni dobro ubesedeni predlogi in ne predlogi, ki so dobri sami po sebi.
Because of the continuing problems, it often happens that what is rewarded is the excellent wording of proposals rather than the excellence of the proposals per se.
Zgornja pogoja morata tako biti izpolnjena, da se povečata geografska raznolikost in krog udeležencev v evropskih programih.
The two conditions set out above consequently have to be fulfilled in order to widen the geographical diversity and the range of participants in European programmes.
Poleg tega je napredek v to smer mogoč le ob upoštevanju številčnosti znanstvenih disciplin, raznolikosti inovacij, prostora za izvirnost, in, če je potrebno, možnosti neuspeha, vloge znanosti in inovacij v družbi ter časa za potrebno konsolidacijo, odvisno od vrste in obsega vključenih projektov.
Furthermore, no progress can be made in this direction without taking into account the great number of scientific disciplines, the varied nature of innovation, the scope for originality and, if need be, the possibility of failure, the social role of science and innovation, and the time to be allowed for the necessary consolidation, depending on the types and scale of the projects involved.
Nujno je tudi treba zagotoviti način za uskladitev projektov, namenjenim reševanju velikih družbenih izzivov, in projektov od spodaj navzgor, tako da bo ostal prostor za radovednost, ki ima ključno vlogo pri konsolidaciji znanstvene dejavnosti.
Finally, it is essential to provide the means of striking a balance between projects to meet great societal challenges and bottom-up projects so as to afford scope for curiosity, which has a crucial part to play in consolidating scientific activity.
Zgled samolepilnih lističev nas tudi opominja, da trg sicer ni končni cilj pridobivanja znanja, vendar se včasih nepričakovano pojavijo odlične tržne priložnosti.
The Post-it example also serves to remind us that even though the market might not be the ultimate goal of knowledge production, excellent market opportunities can sometimes arise out of the blue.
Evropa danes
The Europe that we have
Cilj tega poročila je poskus reorganizacije obstoječih shem in programov ter zagotovitev novih shem za oblikovanje strategije v splošno korist zainteresiranih strani.
This report is attempting to reorganise the existing schemes and programmes and provide for new schemes with a view to producing a strategy to benefit stakeholders in overall terms.
Raziskave in inovacije je treba obravnavati kot osnovni pogoj za konsolidacijo vsakršne trajnostne in vključujoče strategije rasti.
Research and innovation should be considered a sine qua non for consolidating any growth strategy seeking to be sustainable and inclusive.
Tovrstna zaveza je zlasti pomembna zaradi sedanje gospodarske in socialne krize.
A commitment along those lines is particularly important in view of the present economic and social crisis.
Krepitev konvergence in konsolidacija globalne konkurenčnosti EU, ki bi morala temeljiti na modelu sodelovanja, sta dva od načinov za oživitev gospodarstva in nastanek razvojnega modela na osnovi trajnostne rasti in ustvarjanja delovnih mest.
Strengthening convergence and consolidating the EU’s global competitiveness – which should be based on a cooperation model – are among the ways to achieve economic recovery and bring about a development model based on sustainable growth and job creation.
V današnji Evropi obstajajo številne razlike med znanstvenimi in tehnološkimi zmogljivostmi ter industrijskimi strukturami posameznih držav.
Within the Europe that we have there are many differences in terms of scientific and technological capacity and the industrial fabric of individual countries.
Imajo pa eno skupno značilnost: mala in srednja podjetja predstavljajo največji delež evropske industrije, ki prispeva večino delovnih mest.
There is, however, one common element: the largest portion of European industry and the one that contributes most to employability consists of small and medium-sized enterprises.
V zadnjih letih je zato je steklo več postopkov, da bi zagotovili večjo udeležbo teh podjetij.
More and more arrangements have accordingly been devised in recent years with a view to securing their wider involvement.
Povečanje njihovega števila ni imelo želenega učinka, kar je ena od pomanjkljivosti sedanjega okvira.
However, the increase in number has not had the desired effect, and this is one of the weaknesses of the present framework.
Do majhne udeležbe je do neke mere prišlo zaradi obstoječih shem, ki bolj ustrezajo akademskim ustanovam in velikim podjetjem.
The lack of involvement is due to some extent to the fact that the existing schemes are better suited to academic institutions and large companies.
Zagotoviti je torej treba, da stvari, ki so po definiciji različne, v obstoječih shemah in programih ne bodo obravnavane, kot da bi bile enake.
It is therefore necessary to ensure that the existing schemes and programmes to not apply the same treatment to things which are by definition unlike.
V ta namen sem predlagala trislojni model, prikazan v spodnjem diagramu.
With that end in view I have proposed a triple-tiered model, illustrated in the diagram below.
Pri akademskih ustanovah se na primer rezultati projekta merijo s številom objav, citiranj ali priznanj kolegov, medtem ko pri malih in srednjih podjetjih koncept „rezultata“ bolj ustreza sposobnosti dati proizvod ali storitev na trg.
To give an example, as far as an academic institution is concerned, the results of a project are measured by the number of publications or quotations or by the recognition of peers, whereas for a small or medium-sized enterprise, the concept of ‘result’ is more likely to translate into the ability to put a product or service on the market.
Na kratko, cilj zgornjega modela je, da se omogoči učinkovitejše delovanje obstoječih programov in shem skupaj z novimi shemami in zgladijo obstoječe neenakosti pri dostopu in sodelovanju.
The object of the above model is, in short, to enable existing programmes and schemes to work more efficiently in conjunction with new schemes, and to remedy the present unevenness in terms of access and participation.
Skladnost in izčrpnost evropskega raziskovalnega in inovacijskega sistema, ki pokriva vsa področja, od univerz do trga, in omogoča dejavnejše vključevanje državljanov in tistih, ki so običajno ostali zunaj procesa, preglednost ter določanje jasnih pravil: vse to so izrazi, ki povzemajo predloge v tem poročilu.
Coherence and comprehensiveness of the European research and innovation system, covering every sphere from universities to the market while making for the more effective involvement of citizens and those who have traditionally remained outside the process, transparency, and defining clear rules: those are the words that could sum up the proposals contained in this report.
Pripravljavec mnenja: Carl Haglund
Rapporteur: Carl Haglund
2. meni, da bi morali strukturni skladi in Kohezijski sklad dopolnjevati sklade EU za raziskave in inovacije, ne morejo pa jih nadomestiti, in ker se njihov glavni namen razlikuje, bi morali biti še naprej ločeni v prihodnjem večletnem finančnem okviru; poleg tega meni, da je ustvarjanje večjih sinergij med temi sredstvi pomembno za zagotavljanje evropske dodane vrednosti;
Considers that the Structural and Cohesion Funds should complement EU research and innovation funds but cannot replace them, and that, because the principal aims of the respective funds differ, they should continue to be separate during the next multiannual financial framework (MFF); considers, further, that creating greater synergies between these funds is a vital way of ensuring European added value;
5. je prepričan, da bi moralo biti horizontalno poenostavljanje v vseh programih za raziskave in inovacije ob ukrepih za zagotavljanje prožnosti ena od najpomembnejših prednostnih nalog v novem programskem obdobju, in opozarja, da je treba v okviru tekoče revizije finančne uredbe sprejeti pomembne odločitve o poenostavitvi zadev, na primer poenostavitvi pravil o predhodnem financiranju in upravičenosti stroškov, ter o razširitvi področja nagrajevanja raziskav; poudarja, da je treba kandidatom za evropske programe za raziskave in inovacije v prid še bolj poenostaviti postopke prijave in nadzorne mehanizme;
Is convinced that horizontal simplification activities throughout all research and innovation programmes should be one of the highest priorities for the new programme period, together with measures to ensure flexibility, and draws attention to the important decisions on simplification to be taken in the ongoing revision of the Financial Regulation, on matters such as simplifying the rules on pre-financing and eligibility of costs and increasing the scope for awarding research prizes; emphasises the need for further simplification of application procedures and control mechanisms, for the benefit of applicants for European research and innovation programmes;
8. močno podpira znatno dodatno povečanje letnega proračuna EU za raziskave in inovacije, saj se je izkazalo, da to področje prispeva k odlični evropski dodani vrednosti, pomaga pri izhodu iz gospodarske krize in povečuje konkurenčnost; poudarja, da je v strategiji Evropa 2020 za rast in delovna mesta, ki jo je sprejel Svet, jasno navedeno, da so potrebna dodatna sredstva za raziskave in inovacije.
Strongly supports a further substantial increase in the EU’s annual budgets for research and innovation, as these have been proven to deliver excellent European added value, to support recovery from the economic crisis and to increase competitiveness; emphasises that the Europe 2020 strategy for growth and jobs, adopted by the Council, clearly states the need for additional funds for research and innovation;