natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Če ima tkanina tkani vzorec, mora biti širina laboratorijskega preskusnega vzorca, merjena vzporedno v smeri osnove, vsaj za eno sosledje osnove v vzorcu.
If the fabric has a woven design, make the width of the laboratory test sample, measured parallel to the warp direction, not less than one warp repeat of the design.
Če je ob tem izpolnjenem pogoju laboratorijski preskusni vzorec prevelik za predobdelavo v enem kosu, ga razrežite na enake kose, po ločeni predobdelavi pa pred jemanjem preskusnih primerkov te dele spet zložite drugega na drugega, pri zlaganju pa pazite, da isti deli vzorca niso drug na drugem.
If, with this condition satisfied, the laboratory test sample is too large to be treated as a whole, cut it into equal parts, pre-treat them separately, and superimpose these parts before selection of the test specimen, taking care that corresponding parts of the design do not coincide.
Iz laboratorijskega osnovnega vzorca, ki ga sestavlja več odrezkov,
From a laboratory bulk sample consisting of several cuttings
vsak odrezek obdelajte, kot je opisano v točki 6.1, in podajte rezultate ločeno.
Treat each cutting as described in 6.1, and give each result separately.
VZORČENJE IZDELANIH IN KONČNIH IZDELKOV
SAMPLING MADE-UP AND FINISHED PRODUCTS
Laboratorijski osnovni vzorec je običajno en cel izdelan ali končni izdelek ali njegov reprezentativni delec.
The bulk laboratory sample is normally a complete made-up or finished product or representative fraction of one.
Kadar je to smiselno, ugotovite odstotke različnih delov izdelka, ki nimajo enake vsebnosti vlaken, da lahko ugotovite skladnost s členom 14.
Where appropriate determine the percentage of the various parts of the product not having the same fibre content, in order to check compliance with Article 14.
Izberite laboratorijski preskusni vzorec, reprezentativen za del izdelanega ali končnega izdelka, katerega sestava mora biti navedena na etiketi.
Select a laboratory test sample representative of the part of the made-up or finished product, whose composition must be shown by the label.
Če ima izdelek več etiket, izberite laboratorijske preizkusne vzorce, reprezentativne za vsak del izdelka, ki ustrezajo posamezni etiketi.
If the product has several labels, select laboratory test samples representative of each part corresponding to a given label.
Če izdelek, katerega sestavo je treba ugotoviti, ni enoten, je morda treba izbrati laboratorijske preskusne vzorce iz vsakega dela izdelka in določiti relativne deleže različnih delov izdelka v obravnavanem izdelku.
If the product whose composition is to be determined is not uniform, it may be necessary to select laboratory test samples from each of the parts of the product and to determine the relative proportions of the various parts in relation to the whole product in question.
Nato izračunajte odstotke z upoštevanjem relativnih deležev vzorčenih delov.
Then calculate the percentages taking into account the relative proportions of the sampled parts.
Izvedite predobdelavo laboratorijskih preskusnih vzorcev.
Subject the laboratory test samples to the pre-treatment.
Nato izberite preskusne primerke, reprezentativne za predobdelane laboratorijske preskusne primerke.
Then select test specimens representative of the pre-treated laboratory test samples.
Uvod k metodam kvantitativne analize mešanic tekstilnih vlaken
Introduction to the methods for the quantitative analysis of textile fibre mixtures
Metode kvantitativne analize mešanic vlaken temeljijo na dveh procesih, mehanskem in kemičnem ločevanju vlaken.
Methods for the quantitative analysis of fibre mixtures are based on two main processes, the manual separation and the chemical separation of fibres.
Metoda ročnega ločevanja se uporablja, kadar je to mogoče, saj na splošno daje točnejše rezultate od kemične metode.
The method of manual separation shall be used whenever possible since it generally gives more accurate results than the chemical method.
Lahko se uporabi za vse tekstilije, katerih vlakenske komponente ne tvorijo enotne mešanice, tako kot npr. pri prejah, ki so sestavljene iz več elementov, od katerih je vsak izdelan iz ene vrste vlaken, ali tkaninah, pri katerih je vlakno osnovne niti drugačno od vlakna votkovne niti, ali pletenin, ki jih je mogoče razplesti v posamezne preje različnih tipov.
It can be used for all textiles whose component fibres do not form an intimate mixture, as for example in the case of yarns composed of several elements each of which is made up of only one type of fibre, or fabrics in which the fibre of the warp is of a different kind to that of the weft, or knitted fabrics capable of being unravelled made up of yarns of different types.
Na splošno metode kemične kvantitativne analize temeljijo na izbirnem raztapljanju posameznih komponent.
In general, the methods of chemical quantitative analysis are based on the selective solution of the individual components.
Po odstranitvi ene komponente se netopni ostanek stehta, delež topne komponente pa se izračuna iz masne izgube.
After the removal of a component the insoluble residue is weighed, and the proportion of the soluble component is calculated from the loss in mass.
Ta prvi del Priloge vsebuje informacije, veljavne za vse analize vseh vlakenskih mešanic po tej metodi, obravnavane v Prilogi, ne glede na njihovo sestavo.
This first part of the Annex gives the information common to the analyses by this method of all fibre mixtures dealt with in the Annex, whatever their composition.
To poglavje se zato uporablja skupaj s posameznimi oddelki v nadaljevanju Priloge, ki podajajo podrobne postopke za posamezne vlakenske mešanice.
It shall thus be used in conjunction with the succeeding individual sections of the Annex, which contain the detailed procedures applicable to particular fibre mixtures.
Včasih posamezna analiza temelji na načinu, drugačnem od izbirnega raztapljanja; v takem primeru vse podrobnosti podane v ustreznem poglavju.
Occasionally, an analysis is based on a principle other than selective solution; in such cases full details are given in the appropriate section.
Vlakenske mešanice med predelavo in, v manjši meri tudi končni izdelki, lahko vsebujejo nevlakenske snovi, kot npr. maščobe, voske in nanose ali v vodi topne snovi, naravnega izvora ali dodane z namenom olajšati predelavo.
Mixtures of fibres during processing and, to a lesser extent, finished textiles may contain non-fibrous matter, such as fats, waxes or dressings, or water-soluble matter, either occurring naturally or added to facilitate processing.
Pred analizo je treba odstraniti nevlakenske snovi.
Non-fibrous matter must be removed before analysis.
V ta namen je opisana tudi metoda odstranjevanja olj, maščob, voskov in v vodi topnih snovi.
For this reason a method for removing oils, fats, waxes and water-soluble matter is also given.
Tekstilije lahko vsebujejo tudi smole ali druge snovi, dodane za doseganje posebnih lastnosti.
In addition, textiles may contain resins or other matter added to confer special properties.
Take snovi, v izjemnih primerih vključno z barvili, lahko součinkujejo z reagentom na topne komponente in/ali jih lahko reagent v celoti ali deloma izloči.
Such matter, including dyestuffs in exceptional cases, may interfere with the action of the reagent on the soluble component and/or it may be partially or completely removed by the reagent.
Te vrste snovi lahko zato povzročijo napake in se pred analizo vzorca odstranijo.
This type of added matter may thus cause errors and shall be removed before the sample is analysed.
Če ni mogoče odstraniti tovrstnih dodatkov, metode kvantitativne kemične analize, podane v tej Prilogi, niso uporabne.
If it is impossible to remove such added matter the methods for quantitative chemical analysis given in this Annex are no longer applicable.
Barvila v barvanih tkaninah veljajo za sestavni del vlaken in se jih ne odstranjuje.
Dye in dyed fabrics is considered to be an integral part of the fibre and is not removed.
Analize izvajamo na podlagi suhe mase, podani postopek pa velja za določanje suhe mase snovi.
Analyses are conducted on the basis of dry mass and a procedure is given for determining dry mass.
Rezultat dobimo z uporabo dogovorjenih dodatkov, naštetih v Prilogi IX k tej uredbi, na suho maso vsakega vlakna.
The result is obtained by applying to the dry mass of each fibre the agreed allowances listed in Annex IX to this Regulation.
Pred izvajanjem analize se identificirajo vsa vlakna, prisotna v mešanici vlaken.
Before proceeding with any analysis, all the fibres present in the mixture shall have been identified.
Pri nekaterih postopkih lahko reagent, uporabljen za raztapljanje topne komponente, delno raztopi tudi netopno komponento mešanice.
In some methods, the insoluble component of a mixture may be partially dissolved in the reagent used to dissolve the soluble component(s).
Kadar je mogoče, so izbrani taki reagenti, ki nimajo nobenega ali imajo kar najmanjši učinek na netopna vlakna.
Where possible, reagents have been chosen that have little or no effect on the insoluble fibres.
Če je znano, da med analizo pride do masne izgube netopne komponente, se rezultati popravijo; za to potrebni korekcijski faktorji so podani.
If loss in mass is known to occur during the analysis, the result shall be corrected; correction factors for this purpose are given.
Te faktorje so določili v različnih laboratorijih z obdelavo vlaken, predhodno očiščenih s predobdelavo, v ustreznih reagentih, kot so navedeni pri postopkih analize.
These factors have been determined in several laboratories by treating, with the appropriate reagent as specified in the method of analysis, fibres cleaned by the pre-treatment.
Ti korekcijski faktorji veljajo samo za nepoškodovana vlakna; če so bila vlakna pred predelavo ali v njej poškodovana, pa je treba uporabljati drugačne korekcijske faktorje.
These correction factors apply only to undegraded fibres and different correction factors may be necessary if the fibres have been degraded before or during processing.
Dani postopki veljajo za posamezne določitve.
The procedures given apply to single determinations.
Izvedeta se najmanj dve določitvi na različnih preskusnih primerkih, pri mehanskem ločevanju in pri kemičnem ločevanju.
At least two determinations on separate test specimens shall be made, both in the case of manual separation and in the case of chemical separation.
Za potrditev rezultatov je priporočljivo, če je tehnično izvedljivo, uporabiti alternativne postopke, pri katerih je sestavina, ki je pri standardni metodi ostanek, raztopljena prva.
For confirmation, unless technically impossible, it is recommended to use alternative procedures whereby the constituent that was the residue in the standard method is dissolved out first.
POGLAVJE 2 Metode kvantitativne analize nekaterih dvokomponentnih mešanic vlaken
CHAPTER 2 Methods for quantitative analysis of certain binary fibre mixtures
Splošne informacije o metodah za kvantitativno kemično analizo mešanic tekstilnih vlaken
General information common to the methods given for the quantitative chemical analysis of textile fibre mixtures
Področje uporabe
Scope and field of application
Področje uporabe vsake metode opredeljuje, za katera vlakna je metoda uporabna.
The field of application for each method specifies to which fibres the method is applicable.
Po identifikaciji komponent v mešanici vlaken z ustrezno predobdelavo izločimo nevlakenske snovi, nato pa eno od komponent, običajno z izbirnim raztapljanjem Metoda 12 je izjema.
After the identification of the components of a mixture, the non-fibrous material is removed by suitable pre-treatment and then one of the components, usually by selective solution Method 12 is an exception.
Temelji na določanju vsebnosti sestavne snovi ene od dveh komponent.
It is based on a determination of the content of a constituent substance of one of the two components.
Netopni ostanek stehtamo in izračunamo delež topne komponente iz masne izgube.
The insoluble residue is weighed and the proportion of soluble component calculated from the loss in mass.
Razen v primerih, ko bi to povzročalo tehnične težave, je priporočljivo najprej raztopiti tisto komponento, katere delež je večji, tako da dobimo netopno vlakno kot ostanek po raztapljanju.
Except where this presents technical difficulties, it is preferable to dissolve the fibre present in the greater proportion, thus obtaining the fibre present in the smaller proportion as residue.
Materiali in oprema
Materials and equipment
Filtrirni lončki in tehtiči, dovolj veliki za polaganje teh filtrirnih lončkov, ali aparat, ki daje enake rezultate.
Filter crucibles and weighing bottles large enough to contain such crucibles, or any other apparatus giving identical results.
Presesalna buča.
Vacuum flask.
Desikator s samoindikatorskim silikagelom.
Desiccator containing self-indicating silica gel.
Sušilnik z ventilacijo za sušenje preskusnih primerkov pri 105 ± 3 ºC.
Ventilated oven for drying specimens at 105 ± 3 ºC.
Analitična tehtnica, natančna do 0,0002 g.
Analytical balance, accurate to 0,0002 g.
Ekstrakcijski aparat soxhlet ali katerikoli aparat, ki da enake rezultate.
Soxhlet extractor or other apparatus giving identical results.
Dvakrat destilirani lahki bencin z vreliščem od 40 do 60 ºC.
Light petroleum, redistilled, boiling range 40 to 60 ºC.
Drugi reagenti so določeni v ustreznih točkah opisov posameznih metod.
Other reagents are specified in the appropriate sections of each method.
Vsi uporabljeni reagenti morajo biti kemično čisti.
All reagents used should be chemically pure.
Destilirana ali deionizirana voda.
Distilled or deionized water.
Ortofosforna kislina.
Orthophosphoric acid.
Natrijev bikarbonat.
Sodium bicarbonate.
Vsi uporabljeni reagenti so kemično čisti.
All reagents used shall be chemically pure.
Klimatizacija in preskuševalna atmosfera
Conditioning and testing atmosphere
Ker se določajo suhe mase, klimatizacija preskusnih primerkov ni potrebna, prav tako pa ni treba izvajati analize v klimatizirani atmosferi.
Because dry masses are determined, it is unnecessary to condition the specimen or to conduct analyses in a conditioned atmosphere.
Laboratorijski preskusni vzorec
Laboratory test sample
Vzemite laboratorijski preskusni vzorec, reprezentativen za laboratorijski osnovni vzorec in dovolj velik, da iz njega lahko pridobite vse potrebne preskusne primerke, ki naj tehtajo vsak vsaj 1 g.
Take a laboratory test sample that is representative of the laboratory bulk sample and sufficient to provide all the specimens, each of at least 1 g, that are required.
Predobdelava laboratorijskega preskusnega vzorca Glej poglavje 1.1.
Pre-treatment of laboratory test sample See Chapter 1.1
Kadar je prisotna snov, ki je pri izračunih odstotkov ni treba upoštevati (glej člen 17 te uredbe), se najprej odstrani z ustrezno metodo, ki ne učinkuje na nobeno drugo vlakensko komponento.
Where a substance not to be taken into account in the percentage calculations (see Article 17 of this Regulation) is present, it shall first be removed by a suitable method that does not affect any of the fibre constituents.
V ta namen izločimo snovi, ki jih je mogoče izločiti z lahkim bencinom in vodo, z enourno obdelavo na zraku posušenega vzorca v soxhletovem ekstraktorju z lahkim bencinom z najmanj šest cikli na uro.
For this purpose, non-fibrous matter which can be extracted with light petroleum and water is removed by treating the air-dry test sample in a Soxhlet extractor with light petroleum for one hour at a minimum rate of six cycles per hour.
Pustite, da lahki bencin izhlapi iz vzorca, nato pa snovi izločite z direktno obdelavo, ki jo sestavljata enourno namakanje vzorca v vodi pri sobni temperaturi in nato še enourno namakanje v vodi pri temperaturi 65 ± 5 oC, pri čemer vodo od časa do časa pretresite.
Allow the light petroleum to evaporate from the sample, which is then extracted by direct treatment consisting in soaking the specimen in water at room temperature for one hour and then soaking it in water at 65 ± 5 °C for a further hour, agitating the liquor from time to time.
Uporabljajte razmerje med tekočino in vzorcem 100:1.
Use a liquor-specimen ratio of 100:1.
Preostanek vode odstranite iz vzorca s stiskanjem, odsesavanjem ali centrifugiranjem, nato pa vzorec posušite na zraku.
Remove the excess water from the sample by squeezing, suction or centrifuging and then allow the sample to become air-dry.
Pri elastolefinu ali mešanicah vlaken, ki vsebujejo elastolefin in druga vlakna (volno, živalsko dlako, svilo, bombaž, lan, konopljo, juto, abako, alfo, kokosova vlakna, košeničico, ramijo, sisal, bakrena vlakna, modalna vlakna, proteinska vlakna, viskozna vlakna, akrilna vlakna, poliamidna ali najlonska vlakna, poliestrska vlakna, elastomultiestrska vlakna), se pravkar opisani postopek nekoliko spremeni, in sicer se lahki bencin nadomesti z acetonom.
In the case of elastolefin or fibre mixtures containing elastolefin and other fibres (wool, animal hair, silk, cotton, flax, true hemp, jute, abaca, alfa, coir, broom, ramie, sisal, cupro, modal, protein, viscose, acrylic, polyamide or nylon, polyester, elastomultiester) the procedure just described shall be slightly modified, in fact light petroleum ether shall be replaced by acetone.
Pri dvokomponentnih mešanicah, ki vsebujejo elastolefin in acetat, se za predobdelavo uporabi naslednji postopek.
In the case of binary mixtures containing elastolefin and acetate the following procedure shall apply as pre-treatment.
Vzorec ekstrahirajte 10 minut pri 80 °C z raztopino, ki vsebuje 25 g/l 50 % ortofosforne kisline in 50 g/l sečnine.
Extract the specimen for 10 minutes at 80 °C with a solution containing 25 g/l of 50 % orthophosphoric acid and 50 g/l of urea.
Izperite vzorec v vodi, nato ga posušite in izperite v 0,1 % raztopini natrijevega bikarbonata ter ga nazadnje dobro izperite v vodi.
Wash the specimen in water, then drain and wash it in a 0,1 % sodium bicarbonate solution, finally wash it carefully in water.
Kadar nevlakenske snovi ni mogoče ekstrahirati z lahkim bencinom in vodo, se odstranijo z nadomestitvijo zgoraj opisane vodne metode z ustrezno metodo, ki bistveno ne spremeni nobene vlakenske komponente.
Where non-fibrous matter cannot be extracted with light petroleum and water, it shall be removed by substituting for the water method described above a suitable method that does not substantially alter any of the fibre constituents.
Vendar je treba opozoriti, da pri nekaterih nebarvanih naravnih rastlinskih vlaknih (npr. pri juti, kokosovih vlaknih) običajna predobdelava z lahkim bencinom in vodo ne odstrani vseh naravnih nevlakenskih snovi; kljub temu pa se ne uporablja dodatnih predobdelav, razen če vzorec vsebuje v obeh topilih netopne apreture.
However, for some unbleached, natural vegetable fibres (e.g. jute, coir) it is to be noted that normal pre-treatment with light petroleum and water does not remove all the natural non-fibrous substances; nevertheless additional pre-treatment is not applied unless the sample does contain finishes insoluble in both light petroleum and water.
Analitična poročila vključujejo vse podrobnosti o metodah, uporabljenih v predobdelavi.
Analysis reports shall include full details of the methods of pre-treatment used.
Potek postopka
Test procedure
Splošna navodila
General instructions
Vse postopke sušenja izvajajte najmanj štiri ure in največ 16 ur pri 105 ± 3 °C v sušilniku z ventilacijo, katerega vrata so ves čas zaprta.
Conduct all drying operations for not less than four hours and not more than 16 hours at 105 ± 3 ºC in a ventilated oven with the oven door closed throughout.
Če je čas sušenja krajši od 14 ur, je treba preskusni primerek stehtati, da ugotovimo, ali se je njegova masa ustalila.
If the drying period is less than 14 hours, the specimen must be weighed to check that its mass has become constant.
Na ustalitev mase lahko sklepamo, če se po nadaljnjih 60 minutah sušenja spremeni za manj kot 0,05 %.
The mass may be considered to have become constant if, after a further drying period of 60 minutes, its variation is less than 0,05 %.
Med sušenjem, hlajenjem in tehtanjem čim manj prijemajte filtrirne lončke, tehtiče, preskusne primerke in ostanke raztapljanja z golimi rokami.
Avoid handling crucibles and weighing bottles, specimens or residues with bare hands during the drying, cooling and weighing operations.
Preskusne primerke sušite v tehtiču, njegov pokrov pa mora biti položen zraven njega.
Dry specimens in a weighing bottle with its cover beside it.
Po sušenju pokrijte tehtič preden ga vzamete iz sušilnika in ga hitro prestavite v desikator.
After drying, stopper the weighing bottle before removing it from the oven, and transfer it quickly to the desiccator.
Filtrirni lonček sušite v tehtiču, njegov pokrov pa mora biti položen zraven njega v sušilnik.
Dry the filter crucible in a weighing bottle with its cover beside it in the oven.
Po sušenju pokrijte tehtič in ga hitro prestavite v desikator.
After drying, close the weighing bottle and transfer it quickly to the desiccator.
Kadar uporabljate namesto filtrirnega lončka kako drugo aparaturo, se sušenje v sušilniku izvede tako, da lahko ugotovite maso suhih vlaken brez izgub mase.
Where apparatus other than a filter crucible is used, drying operations in the oven shall be conducted in such a way as to enable the dry mass of the fibres to be determined without loss.
Vse postopke hlajenja v desikatorju izvajajte tako, da je eksikator zraven tehtnice, dokler ne dosežete popolne ohladitve tehtiča, nikakor pa ne manj kot dve uri.
Conduct all cooling operations in the desiccator the latter placed beside the balance, until complete cooling of the weighing bottles is attained, and in any case for not less than two hours.
Po ohladitvi stehtajte tehtič v dveh minutah po njegovi odstranitvi iz desikatorja.
After cooling, complete the weighing of the weighing bottle within two minutes of its removal from the desiccator.
Tehtajte z natančnostjo 0,0002 g.
Weigh to an accuracy of 0,0002 g.
Iz predobdelanega laboratorijskega preskusnega vzorca vzemite preskusni primerek mase najmanj 1 g.
Take from the pre-treated laboratory test sample a test specimen weighing at least 1 g.
Narežite prejo ali tkanino na dolžine približno 10 mm, kolikor je mogoče drobno.
Cut yarn or cloth into lengths of about 10 mm, dissected as much as possible.
Posušite primerek v tehtiču, ohladite ga v desikatorju in stehtajte.
Dry the specimen in a weighing bottle, cool it in the desiccator and weigh it.
Prestavite preskusni primerek v stekleno posodo, določeno v ustrezni točki metode, predpisane v
Transfer the specimen to the glass vessel specified in the appropriate section of the relevant
, takoj ponovno stehtajte tehtič in iz razlike izračunajte suho maso preskusnega primerka.
method, reweigh the weighing bottle immediately and obtain the dry mass of the specimen by difference.
Opravite preskuse po navodilih v ustrezni točki opisa metode, ki jo uporabljate.
Complete the test as specified in the appropriate section of the applicable method.
Z mikroskopom preglejte ostanek, da ugotovite, ali je obdelava resnično popolnoma odstranila topno vlakno.
Examine the residue microscopically to check that the treatment has in fact completely removed the soluble fibre.
Izračun in navajanje rezultatov
Calculation and expression of results
Masa netopne komponente je podana v odstotkih celotne mase vlakenske mešanice.
Express the mass of the insoluble component as a percentage of the total mass of fibre in the mixture.
Odstotek topne komponente izračunate kot razliko.
The percentage of soluble component is obtained by difference.
Rezultate računajte na podlagi čiste suhe mase, z upoštevanjem (a) dogovorjenih dodatkov in (b) korekcijskih faktorjev, ki jih je treba upoštevati zaradi zmanjšanja mase med predobdelavo in analizo.
Calculate the results on the basis of clean, dry mass, adjusted by (a) the agreed allowances and (b) the correction factors necessary to take account of loss of matter during pre-treatment and analysis.
Izračuni so narejeni z uporabo enačbe, podane v točki I.8.2.
Calculations shall be made by applying the formula given in I.8.2.