natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
H. ker je kazahstanski predsednik pozval k temeljiti preiskavi teh dogodkov in v ta namen ustanovil vladno komisijo, ki jo vodi podpredsednik vlade, k sodelovanju v preiskavi pa povabil mednarodne strokovnjake, tudi iz Združenih narodov; ker proti številnim policistom teče preiskava zaradi neprimerne uporabe strelnega orožja, vendar doslej še nihče ni bil obtožen;
H. whereas the President of Kazakhstan has called for a full investigation into the events, setting up a government commission headed by the first deputy prime minister and inviting international experts, among others from the UN, to participate in the investigation process; whereas a number of police officers are under investigation for inappropriately firing their weapons, although none have been charged so far;
I. ker se vrstijo poročila, da s pridržanimi grdo ravnajo in jih mučijo; ker je treba tudi te primere verodostojno preiskati in začeti ustrezne sodne postopke;
I. whereas there are several reports that detainees have been subjected to torture and ill-treatment; whereas credible investigation, followed by appropriate legal action, is necessary also in relation to this;
J. ker po mnenju OVSE splošne volitve, ki so potekale 15. januarja 2012, niso bile v skladu s standardi te organizacije, saj so se dogajale številne nepravilnosti, za večjo priljubljenost vladajoče stranke pa so se uporabljali državni viri in slogani, zaradi česar niso bili izpolnjeni nujni pogoji za resnično pluralistične volitve, čeprav so bile tokrat tehnično dobro izvedene;
J. whereas the general elections held on 15 January 2012 were deemed by the OSCE not to be in line with its standards, given widespread voting irregularities and the use of state resources and slogans to bolster the popularity of the ruling party, which did not provide the necessary conditions for the conduct of genuinely pluralistic elections, although this time the elections were considered well administered at the technical level;
K. ker je kazahstanski predsednik 6. januarja 2012 podpisal zakon o državni varnosti, ki varnostnim službam daje večje pristojnosti in potrjuje, da se lahko osebe, ki naj bi škodile ugledu države v svetu, označi za „destruktivne“ in se bodo morale soočiti s posledicami;
K. whereas on 6 January 2012 the President of Kazakhstan signed the Law on National Security, which boosts the authority of the security services and affirms that persons considered to harm the country’s image on the world stage can be deemed ‘destructive’ and will have to face the consequences;
L. ker se je v zadnjih nekaj mesecih stanje na področju človekovih pravic v Kazahstanu začelo slabšati, kot je opisano v izjavah EU v stalnem svetu OVSE in nedavnih izjavah predstavnika OVSE za svobodo medijev ter direktorja Urada OVSE za demokratične institucije in človekove pravice;
L. whereas the past few months have been marked by the deterioration of the human rights situation in Kazakhstan, as reflected in the EU’s statements in the OSCE Permanent Council and in recent statements by the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media and the Director of the OSCE’s Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights;
M. ker so oblasti septembra 2011 sprejele zakon o religiji, po katerem se morajo vse verske skupnosti ponovno registrirati, vključuje pa tudi določbe, ki državljanom Kazahstana preprečujejo svobodno prakticiranje vere; ker vsi nedavno sprejeti zakoni o veroizpovedi, množičnih medijih ter nacionalni varnosti vsebujejo določbe, ki krepijo neliberalne značilnosti kazahstanskega političnega sistema in so v nasprotju z napovedanimi prizadevanji za demokratizacijo;
M. whereas in September 2011 the authorities adopted a law on religion which obliges all religious groups to re-register, and includes provisions that could prohibit citizens of Kazakhstan from freely practising their faith; whereas, in addition, recently adopted laws on the mass media and national security all include provisions which strengthen illiberal features of Kazakhstan’s political system and contradict declared democratisation ambitions;
N. ker je mestno sodišče v Aktavu odvetnico Natalijo Sokolovo, ki je zastopala naftne delavce, 8. avgusta 2011 obsodilo na šestletno zaporno kazen zaradi „podžiganja socialnih nemirov“ in „dejavnega sodelovanja v nezakonitih shodih“;
N. whereas on 8 August 2011 the Aktau City Court found Natalia Sokolova, the lawyer of the oil workers, guilty of ‘inciting social discord’ and ‘active participation in illegal gatherings’, and sentenced her to 6 years’ imprisonment;
O. ker je Kazahstan v upanju, da bi okrepil svoj ugled na mednarodni ravni, leta 2010 predsedoval Organizaciji za varnost in sodelovanje v Evropi in se je zavezal vrsti demokratičnih reform, pa tudi spoštovanju osnovnih načel te organizacije;
O. whereas, in the expectation of boosting its respectability at international level, Kazakhstan took on the role of OSCE chair in 2010, and committed itself to a series of democratic reforms and to respecting the basic principles of that organisation;
P. ker se nad opozicijskimi strankami in organizacijami Alga, Azat in socialističnim gibanjem Kazahstana, pa tudi nad neodvisnimi mediji, kot so časopisi Vzgljad, Golos Republik in Respublika ter satelitski kanal STAN TV, in nad neodvisnimi sindikati, vključno s sindikatom Žanartu, ter nad drugimi organizacijami civilne družbe v zadnjih dveh mesecih izvaja vse večja represija in ker sta bila med drugim pridržana predsednik stranke Alga Vladimir Kozlov in glavni urednik časopisa Vzgljad Igor Vinjavski; ker se je nedovoljenih protestov proti represiji 28. januarja v Almatiju udeležilo okoli 1000 ljudi, ki so javne organe pozvali, naj ustavijo politično preganjanje;
P. whereas during the last two months, the opposition parties and organisations Alga, Azat and the Socialist Movement of Kazakhstan, as well as independent media including the Vzglyad, Golos Republik and Respublika newspapers and the satellite TV channel STAN TV, and independent trade unions including the Zhanartu union and other civil society organisations, have become targets of intensified repression, with the detention inter alia of the leader of the Alga party Vladimir Kozlov and the editor-in-chief of Vzgyad Igor Vinyavski; whereas on 28 January around 1000 people in Almaty took part in an unauthorised protest against the repression, calling on the authorities to put an end to political persecution;
Q. ker so opozicijske stranke napovedale, da 24. marca načrtujejo protestni shod v Almatiju, ki bo obeležil 100 dni od pobojev v Žanjaoznu;
Q. whereas the opposition parties have announced plans for a protest rally on 24 March in Almaty to mark 100 days since the Zhanaozen killings;
R. ker ima EU glede na to, da je bil Vladimir Kozlov kmalu po vrnitvi z obiska zasedanja Evropskega parlamenta in Evropske službe za zunanje delovanje aretiran in so mu onemogočili stik z zunanjim svetom, dodaten razlog za zaskrbljenost, in ker to kaže, da je treba ohraniti zmožnost evropskih institucij za dialog s številnimi akterji v partnerskih državah EU, ne da bi to imelo negativne posledice za sogovornike;
R. whereas the fact that Mr Kozlov was arrested and held incommunicado shortly after returning from his meetings with the European Parliament and the European External Action Service gives the EU additional reason for concern, and highlights the importance of safeguarding our institutions’ ability to conduct dialogues with a broad range of actors in the EU’s partner countries without this having any negative consequence for our interlocutors;
2. izraža globoko zaskrbljenost in izreka sožalje glede dogodkov v Žanjaoznu v Kazahstanu 16. decembra 2011, ko je 17 ljudi izgubilo življenje, 110 pa je bilo ranjenih;
Expresses its deep concern and its condolences regarding the events that took place on 16 December 2011 in the Zhanaozen district of Kazakhstan, when 17 people died and 110 others were injured;
8. obžaluje, da je razen tega malo izjem od negativnega trenda na področju človekovih pravic v Kazahstanu, ki traja že precej časa in se je nedavno še okrepil, ter poziva kazahstanske oblasti, naj družinam aretiranih aktivistov zagotovijo, da jim ni treba skrbeti za njihovo varnost;
Regrets that there are otherwise few exceptions to the negative trend in human rights-related developments in Kazakhstan which has existed for a considerable time and has recently been reinforced, and calls on the Kazakh authorities to provide assurances regarding the safety of the families of arrested activists;
15. je prepričan, da bi kazahstanske oblasti in družba s sprejetjem takega ukrepa pridobili velike koristi, vsaj glede stabilnosti in varnosti, država pa bi znova začela pridobivati vedno večji mednarodni ugled;
Is convinced that Kazakhstan’s authorities and society would reap huge benefits from taking such action, not least in terms of stability and security and a resumption of the earlier steady rise in the country’s international standing;
17. poziva EU in še posebej visoko predstavnico Evropske unije za zunanje zadeve in varnostno politiko, naj pozorno spremljata razvoj dogodkov, opozarjata kazahstanske oblasti na zaskrbljujoča vprašanja, ponudita pomoč in redno poročata Evropskemu parlamentu;
Calls on the EU, and in particular the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, to monitor developments closely, to raise all issues of concern with the Kazakh authorities, to offer assistance, and to report regularly to Parliament;
o spopadanju z razmahom sladkorne bolezni v EU
on addressing the EU diabetes epidemic
PE483.197v01-00 } PE483.198v01-00 } PE483.199v01-00 } PE483.200v01-00 } RC1 Resolucija Evropskega parlamenta o spopadanju z razmahom sladkorne bolezni v EU
PE483.197v01-00 } PE483.198v01-00 } PE483.199v01-00 } PE483.200v01-00 } RC1 European Parliament resolution on addressing the EU diabetes epidemic
– ob upoštevanju člena 168 Lizbonske pogodbe,
– having regard to having regard to Article 168 of the Treaty of Lisbon,
– ob upoštevanju platforme EU o prehrani, telesni dejavnosti in zdravju, ki jo je 15. marca 2005 ustanovila Komisija http://ec.europa.eu/health/nutrition_physical_activity/platform/index_sl.htm
– having regard to the creation by the Commission on 15 March 2005 of an EU Platform on Diet, Physical Activity and Health http://ec.europa.eu/health/nutrition_physical_activity/platform/index_en.htm
– ob upoštevanju zelene knjige Komisije z dne 8. decembra 2005 z naslovom „Spodbujanje zdrave prehrane in telesne dejavnosti: evropska razsežnost za preprečevanje prekomerne teže, debelosti in kroničnih bolezni, ki obravnava najpogostejše povzročitelje sladkorne bolezni tipa 2“ ( COM(2005)0637 ),
– having regard to the Commission Green Paper of 8 December 2005 entitled ‘Promoting healthy diets and physical activity: a European dimension for the prevention of overweight, obesity and chronic diseases’, which addresses the determinants underlying the onset of Type 2 diabetes ( COM(2005)0637 ),
– ob upoštevanju sklepov konference avstrijskega predsedstva o preprečevanju sladkorne bolezni tipa 2, ki je potekala 15. in 16. februarja 2006 na Dunaju http://www.msps.es/organizacion/sns/planCalidadSNS/pdf/excelencia/cuidadospaliativos-diabetes/DIABETES/opsc_est9.pdf.pdf
– having regard to the Conclusions of the Austrian Presidency Conference ‘Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes’, held on 15 and16 February 2006 in Vienna http://www.msps.es/organizacion/sns/planCalidadSNS/pdf/excelencia/cuidadospaliativos-diabetes/DIABETES/opsc_est9.pdf.pdf
– ob upoštevanju svoje izjave z dne 27. aprila 2006 o sladkorni bolezni Sprejeta besedila, P6_TA(2006)0185 .
– having regard to the its declaration of 27 April 2006 on diabetes Texts adopted, P6_TA(2006)0185 .
– ob upoštevanju sklepov Sveta o spodbujanju zdravega načina življenja in preprečevanje diabetesa tipa 2 UL C 147, 23.6.2006, str.
– having regard to the Council conclusions on promotion of healthy lifestyles and prevention of Type 2 diabetes OJ C 147, 23.6.2006, p.
– ob upoštevanju resolucije regionalnega odbora Svetovne zdravstvene organizacije za Evropo z dne 11. septembra 2006 z naslovom „Preprečevanje in nadzor nad nenalezljivimi boleznimi v evropski regiji Svetovne zdravstvene organizacije“ http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/77575/RC56_eres02.pdf
– having regard to the World Health Organisation Regional Committee for Europe resolution of 11 September 2006 entitled ‘Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases in the WHO European region’ http://www.euro.w h o.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/77575/RC56_eres02.pdf
– ob upoštevanju resolucije 61/225 generalne skupščine Združenih narodov z dne 20. decembra 2006 o svetovnem dnevu sladkorne bolezni,
– having regard UN General Assembly Resolution 61/225 of 20 December 2006 on World Diabetes Day,
– ob upoštevanju Sklepa št. 1350/2007/EC Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 23. oktobra 2007 o uvedbi drugega programa ukrepov Skupnosti na področju zdravja (2008–2013) UL L 301, 20.11.2007, str.
– having regard to Decision No 1350/2007/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2007 establishing a second programme of Community action in the field of health (2008-13) OJ L 301, 20.11.2007, p.
ter s tem povezanega sklepa Komisije z dne 22. februarja 2011 o sprejetju sklepa o financiranju za leto 2011 v okviru drugega programa ukrepov Skupnosti na področju zdravja (2008–2013) ter o merilih za izbiro in dodelitev ter drugih merilih v zvezi s finančnimi prispevki za ukrepe tega programa UL C 69, 3.3.2011, str.
, and the subsequent Commission decision of 22 February 2011 concerning the adoption of a financing decision for 2011 in the framework of the second programme of Community action in the field of health (2008-2013) and on the selection, award and other criteria for financial contributions to the actions to this programme OJ C 69, 3.3.2011, p.
– ob upoštevanju bele knjige Komisije z dne 23. oktobra 2007 z naslovom „Skupaj za zdravje: strateški pristop EU za obdobje 2008–2013“ ( COM(2007)0630 ),
– having regard to the Commission White Paper of 23 October 2007 entitled ‘Together for Health: A Strategic Approach for the EU 2008-2013’ ( COM(2007)0630 ),
– ob upoštevanju sedmega okvirnega programa za raziskave (2007–2013) UL L 412, 30.12.2006, str.
– having regard to the Seventh Research Framework Programme (2007-2013) OJ L 412, 30.12.2006, p.
ter okvirnega programa za raziskave in inovacije ( COM(2011)0808 ),
and to the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation ( COM(2011)0808 ),
– ob upoštevanju sporočila Komisije z dne 20. oktobra 2009 z naslovom „Solidarnost na področju zdravja: zmanjšanje neenakosti na področju zdravja v EU“ ( COM(2009)0567 ),
– having regard to the Commission Communication of 20 October 2009 entitled ‘Solidarity in health: reducing health inequalities in the EU’ ( COM(2009)0567 ),
– ob upoštevanju resolucije 64/265 generalne skupščine Združenih narodov z dne 13. maja 2010 o preprečevanju in nadzoru nenalezljivih bolezni,
– having regard to UN General Assembly Resolution 64/265 of 13 May 2010 on prevention and control of non-communicable diseases,
– ob upoštevanju glavnih ugotovitev in priporočil projekta Zdravje v okviru sedmega okvirnega programa (FP7-HEALTH-200701), opredeljenega v časovnem načrtu za raziskave sladkorne bolezni v Evropi (DIAMAP) http://www.diamap.eu/report/DIAMAP-Road-Map-Report-Sept2010.pdf
– having regard to the major outcomes and recommendations of project FP7-HEALTH- 200701 set out in ‘DIAMAP – Road Map for Diabetes Research in Europe’ http://www.diamap.eu/report/DIAMAP-Road-Map-Report-Sept2010.pdf
– ob upoštevanju sporočila Komisije z dne 6. oktobra 2010 z naslovom „Vodilna pobuda iz strategije Evropa 2020 – Unija inovacij“ ( COM(2010)0546 ) ter pilotnega partnerstva o dejavnem in zdravem staranju,
– having regard to the Commission Communication of 6 October 2010 entitled ‘Europe 2020 Flagship Initiative – Innovation Union’ ( COM(2010)0546 ), and its pilot partnership on active and healthy ageing,
– ob upoštevanju sklepov Sveta z naslovom „Inovativni pristopi h kroničnim boleznim v sistemih javnega zdravstva in zdravstvenega varstva“ z dne 7. decembra 2010,
– having regard to the Council Conclusions of 7 December 2010 entitled ‘Innovative approaches for chronic diseases in public health and healthcare systems’,
– ob upoštevanju resolucije 65/238 generalne skupščine Združenih narodov z dne 24. decembra 2010 o obsegu, podrobnostih, obliki in organizaciji srečanja generalne skupščine na visoki ravni o preprečevanju in obvladovanju nenalezljivih bolezni,
– having regard to the UN General Assembly Resolution 65/238 of 24 December 2010 on the scope, modalities, format and organisation of the High-level Meeting of the General Assembly on the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases,
– ob upoštevanju moskovske izjave, sprejete na prvi svetovni ministrski konferenci Združenih narodov za zdrav življenjski slog in nadzor nad nenalezljivimi boleznimi, ki je potekala 28. in 29. aprila 2011 v Moskvi http://www.who.int/nmh/events/moscow_ncds_2011/conference_documents/moscow_declaration_en.pdf
– having regard to the Moscow Declaration adopted during the First United Nations Global Ministerial Conference on Healthy Lifestyles and Non-communicable Disease Control, held in Moscow on 28 and 29 April 2011 http://www.who.int/nmh/events/moscow_ncds_2011/conference_documents/moscow_declaration_en.pdf
– ob upoštevanju svoje resolucije z dne 15. septembra 2011 o stališču in zavezanosti Evropske unije pred srečanjem Združenih narodov na visoki ravni o preprečevanju in nadzoru nenalezljivih bolezni Sprejeta besedila, P7_TA(2011)0390 .
– having regard to its resolution of 15 September 2011 on the European Union position and commitment in advance of the UN high-level meeting on the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases Texts adopted, P7_TA(2011)0390 .
B. ker naj bi se zaradi razširjenosti debelosti, staranja evropskega prebivalstva ter drugih dejavnikov, ki jih je še treba ugotoviti, do leta 2030 število sladkornih bolnikov v Evropi povečalo za 16,6 %;
B. whereas the number of people living with diabetes in Europe is expected to increase by 16.6% by 2030, as a result of the obesity epidemic, the ageing of the European population and other factors yet to be determined;
C. ker se pričakovana življenjska doba zaradi sladkorne bolezni tipa 2 skrajša za 5 do 10 let http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/98391/E93348.pdf
C. whereas Type 2 diabetes decreases life expectancy by 5-10 years http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/98391/E93348.pdf
, zaradi tipa 1 pa za približno 20 let http://www.diabetes.org.uk/Documents/Reports/Diabetes_in_the_UK_2010.pdf
and Type 1 diabetes decreases life expectancy by around 20 years http://www.diabetes.org.uk/Documents/Reports/Diabetes_in_the_UK_2010.pdf
, kar pomeni enega državljana EU vsaki dve minuti;
, i.e. one EU citizen every two minutes;
D. ker kot glavno preventivno strategijo za zmanjšanje pojavnosti, razširjenosti in zapletov obeh tipov sladkorne bolezni vedno pogosteje omenjajo omejitev znanih dejavnikov tveganja, zlasti življenjskih navad;
D. whereas the reduction of identified risk-factors, notably lifestyle habits, is increasingly recognised as a key prevention strategy able to reduce the incidence, prevalence and complications for both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes;
E. ker so še vedno potrebne raziskave, da bi jasno opredelili dejavnike tveganja za sladkorno bolezen tipa 1 – genetska nagnjenost se že raziskuje, vendar do tega tipa bolezni prihaja pri vedno mlajših ljudeh;
E. whereas research is still needed to clearly identify risk factors for Type 1 diabetes, while genetic predisposition is being researched and Type 1 diabetes is being contracted at an increasingly early age;
F. ker je sladkorno bolezen tipa 2 mogoče preprečiti in so bili zanjo dejavniki tveganja – kot so slaba in neuravnotežena prehrana, debelost, telesna nedejavnost in uživanje alkohola – že jasno opredeljeni in jih je mogoče omejiti z učinkovitimi preventivnimi strategijami;
F. whereas Type 2 diabetes is a preventable disease and for which risk factors – such as poor and unbalanced diet, obesity, lack of physical activity and alcohol consumption – have been clearly identified and can be addressed via effective prevention strategies;
H. ker je mogoče zaplete sladkorne bolezni tipa 2 preprečiti s spodbujanjem zdravega načina življenja in z zgodnjim diagnosticiranjem; ker je kljub temu diagnoza pogosto prepozna in ker se skoraj 50 % vseh sladkornih bolnikov še ne zaveda svojega stanja Diabetes – The Policy Puzzle: towards benchmarking in the EU 25 (2005), Mednarodna zveza za diabetes, 2006, http://www.idf.org/webdata/docs/idf-europe/DiabetesReport2005.pdf
H. whereas the complications of Type 2 diabetes can be prevented through the promotion of a healthy lifestyle and early diagnosis; whereas, however, it is frequently diagnosed too late, and up to 50% of all people with diabetes are currently unaware of their condition Diabetes – The Policy Puzzle: towards benchmarking in the EU 25 (2005) International Diabetes Federation, 2006, http://www.idf.org/webdata/docs/idf-europe/DiabetesReport2005.pdf
I. ker skoraj 75 % vseh sladkornih bolnikov ne obvladuje dobro svojega stanja, zaradi česar prihaja do večjega tveganja zapletov, izgube produktivnosti in stroškov za družbo Diabetes – The Policy Puzzle: towards benchmarking in the EU 25 (2005), Mednarodna zveza za diabetes, 2006, http://www.idf.org/webdata/docs/idf-europe/DiabetesReport2005.pdf
I. whereas up to 75 % of all people with diabetes are not in good control of their condition, leading to an increased risk of complications, productivity loss and costs for society Diabetes – The Policy Puzzle: towards benchmarking in the EU 25 (2005) International Diabetes Federation, 2006, http://www.idf.org/webdata/docs/idf-europe/DiabetesReport2005.pdf
, kot je razvidno iz nedavne študije Diabetes expenditure, burden of disease and management in 5 EU countries, 2012 http://www2.lse.ac.uk/LSEHealthAndSocialCare/research/LSEHealth/MTRG/LSEDiabetesReport26Jan2012.pdf
, as found in a recent study Diabetes expenditure, burden of disease and management in 5 EU countries, 2012 http://www2.lse.ac.uk/LSEHealthAndSocialCare/research/LSEHealth/MTRG/LSEDiabetesReport26Jan2012.pdf
J. ker v večini držav članic sladkorni bolezni namenijo več kot 10 % izdatkov zdravstvenega varstva, pri čemer lahko ta delež naraste kar na 18,5 % Diabetes – The Policy Puzzle: towards benchmarking in the EU 27 (2007) http://www.idf.org/webdata/docs/EU-diabetes-policy-audit-2008.pdf
J. whereas in most Member States diabetes is responsible for over 10% of healthcare expenditure, a figure sometimes climbing as high as 18.5% Diabetes – The Policy Puzzle: towards benchmarking in the EU 27 (2007) http://www.idf.org/webdata/docs/EU-diabetes-policy-audit-2008.pdf
; ker se bodo ti stroški zaradi porasta števila sladkornih bolnikov, staranja prebivalstva in naraščanja s tem povezanih bolezni nedvomno še povečali;
; whereas these costs will inevitably increase given the rising numbers of people with diabetes, the ageing of the population and the associated rise in multiple co-morbidities;
K. ker je sladkorna bolezen najpogostejši povzročitelj srčnega infarkta, možganske kapi, slepote, amputacij in okvare ledvic, če je ne zdravimo primerno ali je diagnoza postavljena prepozno;
K. whereas diabetes, if poorly managed or diagnosed too late, is a leading cause of heart attacks, strokes, blindness, amputation and kidney failure;
L. ker lahko s spodbujanjem zdravega načina življenja in obravnavanjem štirih glavnih determinant zdravja – kajenje, slaba prehrana, telesna nedejavnost in uživanje alkohola – na vseh področjih politik bistveno prispevamo k preprečevanju sladkorne bolezni, njenih zapletov ter ekonomskih in socialnih stroškov;
L. whereas promoting healthy lifestyles and addressing the four major health determinants – tobacco, poor diet, lack of physical activity and alcohol – through all policy areas can greatly contribute to the prevention of diabetes, its complications and its economic and social costs;