natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Po drugem izpiranju z lahkim bencinom filtrirajte vsebino erlenmajerice skozi lonček, prenesite vsa ostala vlakna v lonček s pomočjo manjše količine lahkega bencina, in pustite, da topilo izhlapi.
After the second wash with light petroleum, filter the contents of the flask through the crucible, transfer any residual fibres to the crucible with the aid of a small quantity of light petroleum and allow the solvent to evaporate.
Osušite lonček z ostankom, ju ohladite in stehtajte.
Dry the crucible and residue, cool and weigh them.
Filtrirni lonček, skozi katerega se filtrira ksilen, se predgreje.
The filter crucible through which the xylene is to be decanted must be pre-heated.
Po obdelavi z vrelim ksilenom pred vlivanjem lahkega bencina zagotovo ustrezno ohladite erlenmajerico z ostankom vlaken.
After the treatment with boiling xylene, ensure that the flask containing the residue is cooled sufficiently before the light petroleum is introduced.
METODA št. 14 KLOROVLAKNA (HOMOPOLIMERI VINILKLORIDA) IN NEKATERA DRUGA VLAKNA (Metoda z uporabo koncentrirane žveplove kisline)
METHOD No 14 CHLOROFIBRES (HOMOPOLYMERS OF VINYL CHLORIDE) AND CERTAIN OTHER FIBRES (Concentrated sulphuric acid method)
klorovlaken (27) na podlagi homopolimerov vinilklorida, naknadno kloriranih ali ne, in elastolefinskih vlaken (47)
chlorofibres (27) based on homopolymers of vinyl chloride, whether after-chlorinated or not, elastolefin (47)
volno (5), acetatnimi vlakni (19), bakrovimi vlakni (21), modalnimi vlakni (22), triacetatnimi vlakni (24), viskoznimi vlakni (25), nekaterimi akrilnimi vlakni (26), nekaterimi modakrilnimi vlakni (29), poliamidnimi ali najlonskimi vlakni (30), poliestrskimi vlakni (35), elastomultiestrskimi vlakni (46) in melaminskimi vlakni (48).
cotton (5), acetate (19), cupro (21), modal (22), triacetate (24), viscose (25), certain acrylics (26), certain modacrylics (29), polyamide or nylon (30), polyester (35), elastomultiester (46) and melamine (48).
Zadevna modakrilna vlakna so tista, ki dajo prozorno raztopino, ko jih potopimo v koncentrirano žveplovo kislino (relativne gostote 1,84 pri temperaturi 20 oC).
The modacrylics concerned are those which give a limpid solution when immersed in concentrated sulphuric acid (relative density 1,84 at 20 ºC).
To metodo lahko uporabljamo namesto metod št. 8 in 9.
This method can be used in place of method Nos 8 and 9.
Vse sestavine razen klorovlaken vlaken ali elastolefinskih vlaken (t.j. vlakna, našteta v točki odstavku 1.2) raztopimo iz znane suhe mase mešanice s koncentrirano žveplovo kislino (relativne gostote 1,84 pri temperaturi 20 °C).
The constituent other than the chlorofibre or the elastolefin (i.e. the fibres mentioned in paragraph 1.2) is dissolved out from a known dry mass of the mixture with concentrated sulphuric acid (relative density 1,84 at 20 °C).
Ostanek, ki ga sestavljajo vlakna iz kloropolimerov ali elastolefinskih vlaken, združimo, speremo, posušimo in stehtamo; maso ostanka, po potrebi korigirano, izrazimo kot odstotek suhe mase mešanice.
The residue, consisting of the chlorofibre or the elastolefin, is collected, washed, dried and weighed; its mass, corrected if necessary, is expressed as a percentage of the dry mass of the mixture.
Odstotek druge sestavine izračunamo iz razlike.
The percentage of the second constituents is obtained by difference.
Steklena paličica s sploščenim koncem.
Glass rod with flattened end.
Koncentrirana žveplova kislina (relativne gostote 1,84 pri temperaturi 20 oC).
Sulphuric acid, concentrated (relative density 1,84 at 20 ºC).
Žveplova kislina, raztopina v vodi s približno koncentracijo 50 % (m/m)
Sulphuric acid, approximately 50 % (m/m) aqueous solution.
Pripravite jo s previdnim dolivanjem ob hkratnem hlajenju 400 ml žveplove kisline (relativne gostote 1,84 pri temperaturi 20 oC) v 500 ml destilirane ali deionizirane vode.
Prepare by adding carefully, while cooling, 400 ml of sulphuric acid (relative density 1,84 at 20 ºC) to 500 ml of distilled or deionized water.
Ko se raztopina ohladi na sobno temperaturo, jo razredčite z vodo do skupne prostornine enega litra.
After cooling to room temperature, dilute the solution to one litre with water.
Amoniak, razredčena raztopina
Ammonia, dilute solution.
Razredčite 60 ml koncentrirane raztopine amoniaka (relativne gostote 0,880 pri 20 oC) z vodo do skupne prostornine enega litra.
Dilute 60 ml of concentrated ammonia solution (relative density 0,880 at 20 ºC) to one litre with distilled water.
Izvedite postopek, opisan v splošnih navodilih, in nadaljujte z naslednjim:
Follow the procedure described in the general instructions, then proceed as follows:
Preskusnemu primerku, vstavljenemu v erlenmajerico(3.1(i)), dolijte 100 ml žveplove kisline (3.2(i)) na gram preskusnega primerka.
To the specimen contained in the flask (3.1 (i)) add 100 ml of sulphuric acid (3.2 (i)) per gram of specimen.
Pustite erlenmajerico in njeno vsebino stati 10 minut pri sobni temperaturi, v tem času pa vsebino občasno premešajte s stekleno paličico.
Allow the contents of the flask to remain at room temperature for 10 minutes and during that time stir the test specimen occasionally by means of the glass rod.
Če preizkušate tkanino ali pletenino, jih s paličico pritisnite ob steno erlenmajerice in narahlo pritisnite, da iz tkanine izločite material, ki ga je kislina že raztopila.
If a woven or knitted fabric is being treated, wedge it between the wall of the flask and the glass rod and exert a light pressure in order to separate the material dissolved by the sulphuric acid.
Po potrebi nalijte v erlenmajerico malo koncentrirane žveplove kisline (3.2(i)), da odstranite morebitna ostala vlakna z njenih sten.
If necessary, add a little concentrated sulphuric acid (3.2 (i)) to the flask in order to remove any fibres adhering to the wall.
(Pri teh zaporednih pranjih tekočino odsesajte šele po tem, ko tekočina že odteče zaradi težnosti).
(Do not apply suction during the washing operation, but only after the liquid has drained off by gravity.)
Vrednost „d“ je 1,00, razen za melaminska vlakna, za katera velja vrednost „d“=1,01.
The value of ‘d’ is 1,00,except for melamine, for which ‘d’=1,01.
METODA št. 15 KLOROVLAKNA, NEKATERA MODAAKRILNA VLAKNA, NEKATERI ELASTANI ACETATNA VLAKNA, TRIACETATNA VLAKNA TER NEKATERA DRUGA VLAKNA (Metoda z uporabo cikloheksanona)
METHOD No 15 CHLOROFIBRES, CERTAIN MODACRYLICS, CERTAIN ELASTANES, ACETATES, TRIACETATES AND CERTAIN OTHER FIBRES (Method using cyclohexanone)
acetatnih vlaken (19), triacetatnih vlaken (24), klorovlaken (27), nekaterih modakrilnih vlaken (29), nekaterih elastanov (43),
acetate (19), triacetate (24), chlorofibre (27), certain modacrylics (29), certain elastanes (43)
volno (1), živalskimi dlakami (2 in 3), svilo (4), bombažem (5), bakrovimi vlakni (21), modalnimi vlakni (22), viskoznimi vlakni (25), poliamidnimi ali najlonskimi vlakni (30), akrilnimi vlakni (26), steklenimi vlakni (44) in melaminskimi vlakni (48).
wool (1), animal hair (2 and 3), silk (4), cotton (5), cupro (21), modal (22), viscose (25), polyamide or nylon (30), acrylic (26), glass fibre (44) and melamine (48).
Kadar so prisotna modakrilna vlakna ali elastani, je treba najprej opraviti predhodni preskus za določitev, ali je vlakno v raztopini popolnoma topno.
Where modacrylics or elastanes are present a preliminary test must first be carried out to determine whether the fibre is completely soluble in the reagent.
Mogoče je analizirati tudi mešanice, ki vsebujejo klorovlakna, z uporabo metod št. 9 ali 14.
It is also possible to analyse mixtures containing chlorofibres by using method No 9 or 14.
Acetatna vlakna, triacetatna vlakna, klorovlakna, nekatera modakrilna vlakna in nekatere elastane raztopimo iz znane suhe mase mešanice s cikloheksanonom pri temperaturi blizu vrelišča.
The acetate and triacetate fibres, chlorofibres, certain modacrylics, and certain elastanes are dissolved out from a known dry mass with Cyclohexanone at a temperature close to boiling point.
Odstotek acetatnih vlaken, triacetatnih vlaken, klorovlaken, modakrilnih vlaken, elastanov, acetatnih in triacetatnih vlaken izračunamo iz razlike.
The percentage of chlorofibre, modacrylic, elastane, acetate and triacetate is found by difference.
Filtrirni lonček za preskusni primerek.
Filter crucible to contain the specimen.
Porozna opna (razred poroznosti 1).
Porous baffle (porosity grade 1).
Povratni hladilnik, ki ga lahko vstavimo v destilacijsko bučko.
Reflux condenser that can be adapted to the distillation flask.
Cikloheksanon, vrelišče pri 156 ºC.
Cyclohexanone, boiling point 156 ºC.
Etilni alkohol volumske koncentracije 50 %.
Ethyl alcohol, 50 % by volume.
Cikloheksanon je vnetljiv in strupen.
Cyclohexanone is flammable and toxic.
Izvedite postopek, opisan v splošnih navodilih, in nadaljujte z naslednjim:
Follow the procedure described in the general instructions and then proceed as follows:
V destilacijsko steklenico nalijte 100 ml cikloheksanona na gram preskusnega primerka, vstavite ekstrakcijsko posodo, v katero ste pred tem nekoliko poševno vstavili filtrirni lonček s preskusnim primerkom in porozno opno.
Pour into the distillation flask 100 ml of cyclohexanone per gram of material, insert the extraction container in which the filter crucible, containing the specimen and the porous baffle, slightly inclined, have previously been placed.
Vstavite povratni hladilnik.
Insert the reflux condenser.
Segrejte do vrenja in nadaljujte ekstrakcijo še 60 minut ob najmanjši hitrosti 12 ciklov na uro.
Bring to the boil and continue extraction for 60 minutes at a minimum rate of 12 cycles per hour.
Po ekstrakciji in ohladitvi umaknite ekstrakcijsko posodo, odstranite filtrirni lonček in porozno opno.
After extraction and cooling remove the extraction container, take out the filter crucible and remove the porous baffle.
Trikrat ali štirikrat operite filtrirni lonček s 50-odstotnim etilnim alkoholom, segretim na približno 60 oC, nato pa še z 1 litrom vode s temperaturo 60 oC.
Wash the contents of the filter crucible three or four times with 50 % ethyl alcohol heated to about 60 ºC and subsequently with 1 litre of water at 60 ºC.
Med posameznim izpiranjem ali med izpiranji ne odsesavajte tekočine.
Do not apply suction during or between the washing operations.
Pustite, da tekočina odteče zaradi težnosti in šele nato odsesajte.
Allow the liquid to drain under gravity and then apply suction.
Nazadnje lonček z ostankom osušite, ohladite in stehtajte.
Finally, dry the crucible with the residue, cool and weigh them.
Vrednost „d“ je 1,00, z naslednjima izjemama:
The value of ‘d’ is 1,00 with the following exceptions:
svila in melaminska vlakna 1,01
silk and melamine 1,01
Za homogeno mešanico tekstilnih materialov meje zanesljivosti rezultatov, dobljenih s to metodo, ne presegajo ± 1 pri stopnji zanesljivosti 95 %.
On homogeneous mixtures of textile fibres, the confidence limits of results obtained by this method are not greater than ± 1 for a confidence level of 95 %.
METODA 16 MELAMINSKA IN NEKATERA DRUGA VLAKNA (Metoda z uporabo vroče mravljične kisline)
METHOD 16 MELAMINE AND CERTAIN OTHER FIBRES (Method using hot formic acid)
bombažem (5) in aramidnimi vlakni (31).
cotton (5) and aramid (31).
Melaminska vlakna raztopimo z vročo mravljično kislino iz znane suhe mase mešanice (90 % po masi).
The melamine is dissolved out from a known dry mass of the mixture with hot formic acid (90 % by mass).
Strogo upoštevajte priporočeni temperaturni razpon, saj je topnost melamina zelo odvisna od temperature.
Keep strictly the recommended temperature range because the solubility of melamine is very much dependent on temperature.
Stresalna vodna kopel ali drug aparat za stresanje, pri čemer se erlenmajerica vzdržuje pri temperaturi 90 ± 2 ºC.
Shaking water bath or other apparatus to shake and maintain the flask at 90 ± 2 ºC.
Vroča mravljična kislina je zelo jedka, zato je treba z njo ravnati previdno.
Hot formic acid is very corrosive and must be handled with care.
Amoniak, razredčena raztopina: razredčite 80 ml koncentrirane amonijeve raztopine (relativna gostota 0,880 pri 20 ºC) v 1 litru vode.
Ammonia, dilute solution: dilute 80 ml of concentrated ammonia solution (relative density at 20 °C: 0,880) to 1 litre with water.
Preskusnemu primerku, vstavljenemu v erlenmajerico prostornine najmanj 200 ml, prilijte 100 ml ledocetne kisline na gram preskusnega primerka.
To the specimen contained in the glass-stoppered conical flask of at least 200 ml capacity, add 100 ml of formic acid per gram of specimen.
Zamašite erlenmajerico in jo pretresite, da se preskusni primerek omoči.
Insert the stopper and shake the flask to wet out the specimen.
Erlenmajerico vzdržujte eno uro v stresalni vodni kopeli pri 90 ± 2 ºC, pri tem pa jo močno stresajte.
Maintain the flask in a shaking water bath at 90 ± 2 ºC for one hour, shaking it vigorously.
Erlenmajerico ohladite na sobno temperaturo.
Cool the flask to room temperature.
V erlenmajerico, v kateri je ostanek, dolijte 50 ml diklormetana, ročno pretresite in filtrirajte vsebino erlenmajerice skozi filtrirni lonček.
Add 50 ml of formic acid to the flask containing the residue, shake manually and filter the contents of the flask through the filter crucible.
Prenesite vlakna ostanka v lonček tako, da erlenmajerico sperete še z nekaj diklormetana.
Transfer any residual fibres to the crucible by washing out the flask with a little more formic acid reagent.
Odsesajte tekočino iz lončka in temeljito sperite ostanek na filtru zaporedoma z mravljično kislino, vročo vodo, razredčeno raztopino amoniaka in nazadnje s hladno vodo.
Drain the crucible with suction and wash the residue with formic acid reagent, hot water, dilute ammonia solution, and finally cold water, draining the crucible with suction after each addition.
Vrednost „d“ za bombaž in aramidno vlakno je 1,02.
The value of ‘d’ for cotton and aramid is 1,02.
POGLAVJE 3 Kvantitativna analiza trikomponentnih mešanic tekstilnih vlaken
CHAPTER 3 Quantitative analysis of ternary fibre mixtures
Metode kvantitativne kemične analize na splošno temeljijo na izbirnem raztapljanju posameznih komponent.
In general, the methods of quantitative chemical analysis are based on the selective solution of the individual components.
Možne so štiri različice te metode:
There are four possible variants of this method:
Ob uporabi dveh različnih preskusnih primerkov se komponenta (a) raztopi v prvem preskusnem primerku, druga komponenta (b) pa v drugem preskusnem primerku.
Using two different test specimens, a component (a) is dissolved from the first test specimen, and another component (b) from the second test specimen.
Netopni ostanki obeh preskusnih primerkov se stehtajo in iz posamezne masne izgube se izračuna odstotek obeh topnih komponent.
The insoluble residues of each specimen are weighed and the percentage of each of the two soluble components is calculated from the respective losses in mass.
Odstotek tretje komponente (c) se izračuna iz razlike.
The percentage of the third component (c) is calculated by difference.
Ob uporabi dveh različnih preskusnih primerkov se komponenta (a) raztopi v prvem preskusnem primerku, dve komponenti (a in b) pa v drugem preskusnem primerku.
Using two different test specimens, a component (a) is dissolved from the first test specimen and two components (a and b) from the second test specimen.
Netopni ostanek prvega preskusnega primerka se stehta in iz masne izgube se izračuna odstotek komponente (a).
The insoluble residue of the first test specimen is weighed and the percentage of the component (a) is calculated from the loss in mass.
Netopni ostanek drugega preskusnega primerka se stehta; ustreza komponenti (c).
The insoluble residue of the second test specimen is weighed; it corresponds to component (c).
Odstotek tretje komponente (b) se izračuna iz razlike.
The percentage of the third component (b) is calculated by difference.
Ob uporabi dveh različnih preskusnih primerkov se komponenti (a in b) raztopita v prvem preskusnem primerku, komponenti (b in c) pa v drugem preskusnem primerku.
Using two different test specimens, two components (a and b) are dissolved from the first test specimen and two components (b and c) from the second test specimen.
Netopni ostanki ustrezajo komponentama (c) in (a).
The insoluble residues correspond to the two components (c) and (a) respectively.
Ob uporabi le enega preskusnega primerka se po odstranitvi ene od komponent netopni ostanek, ki ga sestavljata drugi dve komponenti, stehta, in iz masne izgube se izračuna odstotek topne komponente.
Using only one test specimen, after removal of one of the components, the insoluble residue formed by the two other fibres is weighed and the percentage of the soluble component is calculated from the loss in mass.
Eno od dveh vrst vlakna ostanka se raztopi, netopna komponenta se stehta in iz masne izgube se izračuna odstotek druge topne komponente.
One of the two fibres of the residue is dissolved, the insoluble component is weighed and the percentage of the second soluble component is calculated from the loss in mass.
Kadar je možna izbira, se priporoča uporaba ene od prvih treh različic.
Where a choice is possible, it is advisable to use one of the first three variants.
Pri kemični analizi mora strokovnjak, ki je odgovoren za analizo, poskrbeti za izbiro metod, pri katerih se uporabljajo topila, ki raztopijo samo izbrano(a) vlakno(vlakna), drugo(a) vlakno(vlakna) pa pustijo nepoškodovano(a).
Where chemical analysis is used, the expert responsible for the analysis must take care to select methods employing solvents which dissolve only the correct fibre(s), leaving the other fibre(s) intact.
V poglavju 3 Priloge VI je na primer navedena tabela, ki vsebuje določeno število trikomponentnih mešanic, skupaj z metodami za analizo dvokomponentnih mešanic, ki jih je načeloma mogoče uporabiti za analizo teh trikomponentnih mešanic.
By way of example, a table is given in Chapter 3.VI which contains a certain number of ternary mixtures, together with methods for analysing binary mixtures which can, in principle, be used for analysing these ternary mixtures.
Da bi čim bolj zmanjšali možnost napake, je priporočljivo, da se, kadar koli je to mogoče, opravi kemična analiza, ki uporablja vsaj dve od štirih zgoraj navedenih različic.
In order to reduce the possibility of error to a minimum, it is recommended that, whenever possible, chemical analysis using at least two of the four abovementioned variants shall be made.
Pred obdelavo s kakršno koli analizo je treba ugotoviti vse vrste vlaken, ki so prisotne v mešanici.
Before proceeding with any analysis, all the fibres present in the mixture must be identified.
Pri nekaterih postopkih lahko reagent, uporabljen za raztapljanje topne komponente, delno raztopi tudi netopno komponento mešanice.
In some chemical methods, the insoluble component of a mixture may be partially dissolved in the reagent used to dissolve the soluble component(s).
Kadar koli je mogoče, se izberejo reagenti, katerih učinek na netopna vlakna je majhen ali ga sploh ni.
Wherever possible, reagents have been chosen that have little or no effect on the insoluble fibres.
Če se med analizo opazi masna izguba, je treba rezultat popraviti; za to so podani korekcijski faktorji.
If a loss in mass is known to occur during the analysis, the result shall be corrected; correction factors are given for this purpose.
Ti korekcijski faktorji veljajo samo za nepoškodovana vlakna; če so bila vlakna pred predelavo ali v njej poškodovana, pa je treba uporabljati drugačne korekcijske faktorje.
These correction factors apply only to undergraded fibres and different correction factors may be necessary if the fibres have been degraded before or during processing.
Če je treba uporabiti četrto različico, v kateri se tekstilno vlakno izpostavi zaporednemu delovanju dveh različnih topil, je treba uporabiti korekcijske faktorje za možne masne izgube, do katerih je prišlo po dvojni obdelavi vlakna.
If the fourth variant, in which a textile fibre is subjected to the successive action of two different solvents, must be used, correction factors must be applied for possible losses in mass undergone by the fibre in the two treatments.
Pri obeh, ročnem in kemičnem ločevanju, je treba opraviti vsaj dve določitvi.
At least two determinations shall be made, both in the case of manual separation and in the case of chemical separation.
Splošne informacije o metodah za kvantitativno kemično analizo trikomponentnih mešanic vlaken
General information on methods for the quantitative chemical analysis of ternary fibre mixtures
Skupne informacije o metodah za kvantitativno kemično analizo trikomponentnih vlakenskih mešanic
Information common to the methods given for the quantitative chemical analysis of ternary fibre mixtures.
Področje uporabe vsake metode za analizo dvokomponentnih mešanic vlaken določa, za katera vlakna se metoda uporablja.
The field of application of each method for analysing binary fibre mixtures specifies to which fibres the method is applicable.
(Glej poglavje 2 o določenih metodah za kvantitativno analizo dvokomponentih vlakenskih mešanic.)
(See Chapter 2 relating to certain methods for the quantitative analysis of binary fibre mixtures).
Po identifikaciji komponent v vlakenski mešanici se nevlakenski material odstrani z ustrezno predobdelavo, potem pa se uporabi ena ali več izmed štirih različic postopka selektivnega raztapljanja, kakor so opisane v uvodu.
After the identification of the components of a mixture, the non-fibrous material is removed by suitable pre-treatment and then one or more of the four variants of the process of selective solution described in the introduction is applied.
Razen kadar to predstavlja tehnične težave, je bolj zaželeno raztapljanje glavnih komponent vlakna, da bi manjše vlakenske komponente dobili kot netopni ostanek.
Except where this presents technical difficulties, it is preferable to dissolve the major fibre component so as to obtain the minor fibre component as final residue.
Dvakrat destilirani lahki bencin z vreliščem od 40 do 60 oC.
Light petroleum, redistilled, boiling range 40 to 60 ºC.
Vsi uporabljeni reagenti morajo biti kemično čisti.
All reagents used shall be chemically pure.
Ker se določajo suhe mase, klimatizacija preskusnih primerkov ni potrebna, prav tako ni treba izvajati analize v klimatizirani atmosferi.
Because dry masses are determined, it is unnecessary to condition the specimen or to conduct analyses in a conditioned atmosphere.
Pustite, da lahki bencin izhlapi iz vzorca, nato pa snovi izločite z direktno obdelavo, ki jo sestavljata enourno namakanje vzorca v vodi pri sobni temperaturi in nato še enourno namakanje v vodi pri temperaturi 65 ± 5 oC, pri čemer vodo od časa do časa pretresite.
Allow the light petroleum to evaporate from the sample, which is then extracted by direct treatment consisting in soaking the specimen in water at room temperature for one hour and then soaking it in water at 65 ± 5 °C for a further hour, agitating the liquor from timeto time.
Uporabljajte razmerje tekočina: vzorec 100:1.
Use a liquor:specimen ratio of 100:1.
Pri elastolefinu ali mešanicah vlaken, ki vsebujejo elastolefin in druga vlakna (volno, živalsko dlako, svilo, bombaž, lan, konopljo, juto, abako, alfo, kokosova vlakna, košeničico, ramijo, sisal, bakrena vlakna, modalna vlakna, proteinska vlakna, viskozna vlakna, akrilna vlakna, poliamidna ali najlonska vlakna, poliestrska vlakna, elastomultiestrska vlakna), je treba pravkar opisani postopek nekoliko spremeniti, in sicer je treba lahki bencin nadomestiti z acetonom.
In the case of elastolefin or fibre mixtures containing elastolefin and other fibres (wool, animal hair, silk, cotton, flax, true hemp, jute, abaca, alfa, coir, broom, ramie, sisal, cupro, modal, protein, viscose, acrylic, polyamide or nylon, polyester, elastomultiester) the procedure just described shall be slightly modified, in fact light petroleum ether shall be replaced by acetone.