natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
13. meni, da finančni in kmetijski trgi še nikoli niso bili tako prepleteni; meni, da samo evropski odziv ne zadostuje več ter da bi morala Evropa glede vprašanj nestanovitnosti cen in zanesljivosti oskrbe z živili ukrepati skupaj s tretjimi državami in mednarodnimi organizacijami; zato je treba nujno povečati preglednost in določiti minimalne mejne vrednosti za subjekte, ki imajo dovoljenje za trgovanje na osnovnih surovinskih trgih;
Believes that financial and agricultural markets today are more intertwined than ever; considers that a European response alone is no longer sufficient and that Europe should act in concert with third countries and international organisations on the issues of price volatility and food security; therefore there is an urgent need to increase transparency and set minimum thresholds for the operators allowed to trade on basic commodities markets;
16. v zvezi s tem podpira pregled obstoječe zakonodaje o finančnih instrumentih, ki bi morala zagotoviti preglednejše trgovanje in določiti minimalne zahteve za subjekte, ki se jim dovoli trgovanje na teh trgih; opominja, da bi morali finančni instrumenti služiti gospodarstvu in pomagati kmetijski proizvodnji pri premagovanju kriz in vremenskih dogodkov; hkrati ne bi smeli dopustiti, da špekulacije ogrožajo sicer učinkovita kmetijska gospodarstva;
Supports, in this context, a revision of the existing legislation on financial instruments, which should provide for more transparent trading and minimum thresholds for the operators allowed to trade on these markets; recalls that financial instruments should serve the economy and help agricultural production surmount crises and climatic events; at the same time, speculation should not be allowed to threaten otherwise efficient agricultural holdings;
21. poziva EU, naj sprejme konkretne ukrepe proti revščini s sprejemanjem skladne politike, ki obsega področja trgovine in razvoja ter skupno kmetijsko politiko, da se prepreči neposreden in posreden negativni učinek na gospodarstva držav v razvoju;
Calls on the EU to take concrete action against poverty by adopting a coherent policy encompassing the areas of trade and development and its common agricultural policy, in order to avoid direct or indirect negative impacts on developing countries’ economies;
o rastočih cenah hrane
on rising food prices
PE459.647v01-00 B7‑0115/2011 Resolucija Evropskega parlamenta o rastočih cenah hrane
PE459.647v01-00 B7‑0115/2011 European Parliament resolution on rising food prices
– ob upoštevanju opozoril organizacije FAO z dne 3. februarja 2011 o rastočih cenah hrane po vsem svetu,
– having regard to warnings of FAO on 3 February 2011 on globally rising food prices,
– ob upoštevanju svoje resolucije z dne 26. marca 2009 o cenah hrane v Evropi, ki se osredotoča na posledice rastočih cen hrane na zadostno oskrbo s hrano v državah v razvoju,
– having regard to its resolution of 26 March 2009 on ‘food prices in Europe’, focusing on the consequences of rising food prices on sufficient food supply in the developing countries,
– ob upoštevanju sporočila Komisije o bolje delujoči verigi preskrbe s hrano v Evropi ( KOM(2009)0591 ),
– having regard to the Commission communication entitled ‘A better functioning food supply chain in Europe’ (COM (2009)0591),
– ob upoštevanju svoje resolucije z dne 7. septembra 2010 o poštenih prihodkih za kmete: bolje delujoča veriga preskrbe s hrano v Evropi (2009/2237),
– having regard to its resolution of 7 September 2010 on fair revenues for farmers: A better functioning food supply chain in Europe (2009/2237),
– ob upoštevanju osmega priporočila za G20, ki ga je objavil posebni poročevalec Združenih narodov o pravici do hrane Olivier De Schutter,
– having regard to the eight recommendations to the G20 published by the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Olivier De Schutter,
– ob upoštevanju priporočil programa mednarodne ocene agronomske znanosti in tehnologije (IAASTD) o svetovnih strategijah zanesljive oskrbe s hrano, ki je bil vzpostavljen in izveden s podporo Svetovne banke, programa Združenih narodov za razvoj (UNDP) in organizacije FAO,
– having regard to the recommendations of the International Assessment of Agricultural and Technology (IAASTD) on global food security strategies, initiated and carried out with support of the World Bank, UNDP and FAO,
A. ker indeks cen hrane organizacije ZN FAO zadnjih sedem mesecev stalno narašča in je tako od leta 1990, odkar se spremlja, dosegel najvišjo raven; ker so se cene glavnih živil povzpele skoraj do rekordnih vrednosti iz leta 2008 in povzročile družbene in politične nemire v številnih državah, kot sta Tunizija in Egipt in druge države Bližnjega Vzhoda, ki so odvisne od uvoza pšenice,
A. whereas the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food Price Index has risen for the seventh consecutive month, reaching its highest levels since the index was backtracked in 1990; whereas prices for major food staples have soared close to their record 2008 levels, causing social and political unrest in many countries, such as Tunisia and Egypt and other countries of the middle East dependent on wheat imports,
B. ker je organizacij FAO ocenila, da je število podhranjenih ljudi na svetu leta 2010 doseglo 925 milijonov in da se bo to število zaradi rastočih cen hrane in naraščanja števila prebivalstva ter nepredvidljivih primanjkljajev v oskrbi, še povečalo; ker ima 29 držav po vsem svetu težave z oskrbo s hrano in potrebuje zunanjo pomoč v hrani;
B. whereas the FAO estimated that the number of undernourished people in the world reached 925 million in 2010, and rising food prices coupled to a rising population and unpredictable shortages of supply will cause this number to increase; whereas 29 countries around the world face food supply difficulties and are in need of external food assistance,
POVZETEK DEJAVNIKOV
SUMMARY OF FACTORS
C. ker so sedanje rastoče cene posledica številnih pretresov v oskrbi, nastalih zaradi izrednih vremenskih dogodkov, kot so poplave in suše, ki jih vse bolj povzročajo podnebne spremembe, špekulacij prehrambenimi proizvodi, vedno večjega povpraševanja po hrani zaradi naraščanja prebivalstva, povečane proizvodnje biogoriv, odvisnosti od uvoza hrane zaradi konfliktov ali neuspelih politik zanesljive oskrbe s hrano ter povečanega krmljenja živine z žiti, da bi zadovoljili naraščajoče povpraševanje po mesu v hitro razvijajočih se gospodarstvih, kar povečuje številno revnih v mestih v državah v razvoju, ki so pretežno odvisne od uvožene hrane,
C. whereas the current price spikes are due to a number of supply shocks, following extreme weather events such as floods and droughts increasingly driven by climate-change, speculation on food commodities, the growing demand for food by rising populations, increased production of agro-fuels, dependency on food imports due to conflicts or failed food security policies, and increased feeding of grain to livestock to meet the growing demand for meat in emerging economies, increasing population of urban poor in the developing world dependent on largely imported food,
ŠPEKULACIJE S KMETIJSKIMI PROIZVODI
SPECULATION ON AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES
D. ker sta k povečani nestanovitnosti cen kmetijskih proizvodov precej prispevala povečana financializacija in špekuliranje z blagom »čisto finančnih« institucij; ker so institucionalni vlagatelji svoje naložbe v blagovne borze s 13 milijard evrov v letu 2003 povečali na vrednost med 170 in 205 milijard v letu 2008; ker priliv dolgih položajev v zvezi z blagom, vključno z velikim povečanjem izvenborznih transakcij ter zlasti indeksnih investicijskih skladov, umetno napihuje cene blaga, ločuje gibanje cen od temeljnih načel, kot so pretekle serije razmerij med zalogami in porabo ter moti normalno delovanje terminskih trgov,
D. whereas volatility of agricultural commodity prices has increased in significant part due to increase in financialisation and commodity speculation by ‘purely financial’ institutions; whereas institutional investors increased their investments in commodities markets from 13 billion euro in 2003 to between 170 and 205 billion in 2008; whereas the influx of ‘long’ positions on commodities, including the significant growth of over the counter (OTC) transactions and in particular through Exchange Trade Funds (ETFs), artificially inflates the price of commodities, decouple price dynamics from underlying fundamentals such as historical series on stock to consumption ratios and distorts the normal operations of the futures markets,
E. ker so špekulacije imele glavno vlogo v krizi s cenami hrane leta 2008; ker je naraščanje špekulacij s prehrambenimi proizvodi tudi posledica vedno večje količinske in finančne povezave s preostalimi blagovnimi trgi in naraščajočimi tveganji na trgu izvedenih finančnih instrumentov; ker se nekaterih akterjev na fizičnih trgih EU in izvedenih finančnih instrumentov, povezanih z blagom, ne nadzira in ne regulira, saj imajo koristi od izjem in vrzeli, povezanimi s trgi finančnih instrumentov in direktiv o zlorabi trga,
E. whereas speculation played a major role in the 2008 food prices crisis; whereas increased speculation with food commodities is also a consequence of growing volume and financial connection with other commodity markets and increasing risks on derivatives markets; whereas certain EU physical market players and derivative products on commodities are not supervised nor regulated as they benefit from exceptions and loopholes relating to MIFID (markets in financial instruments) and MAD (market abuse) directives,
NETRAJNOSTNA ODVISNOST OD FOSILNIH GORIV IN KONKURENCA MED HRANO IN GORIVOM
UNSUSTAINABLE FOSSIL FUEL DEPENDENCY AND FOOD-FUEL COMPETITION
F. ker so cene hrane vedno bolj povezane s cenami fosilnih goriv zaradi energetsko intenzivnih sistemov proizvodnje, ki so odvisni od sintetičnih gnojil, pesticidov, predelane krme in medkrajevnih prevozov; ker te cene vložkov naraščajo skladno s cenami goriva; ker se je celotna proizvodnja etanola v EU med letoma 2007 in 2009 več kot podvojila,
F. whereas food prices are increasingly coupled with fossil fuel prices, due to energy-intensive production systems which rely on synthetic fertilisers, pesticides, processed feed and long distance transport; whereas these input prices rise in line with fossil fuel prices; whereas global ethanol production more than doubled in the EU between 2007 and 2009,
G. ker pridobivanje biogoriv povzroča konflikt med zemljo za pridelovanje hrane in med zemljo za pridobivanje goriv; ker zaradi svetovne finančne krize naraščanje porabe kmetijskih proizvodov za krmljenje živine in pridobivanje biogoriv spodbuja špekulacije s kmetijskimi proizvodi, kar je nujno treba obravnavati in nadzirati na svetovni ravni,
G. whereas agro-fuel production causes ‘food versus fuel’ land conflicts; whereas in the light of the global financial crisis the increasing use of agricultural commodities for feeding livestock and for agro-fuels production have encouraged speculations on agricultural commodities which must urgently be tackled and controlled on a global level,
SVETOVNA TRGOVINSKA ORGANIZACIJA IN MEDNARODNI DENARNI SKLAD, PRIDELKI ZA KOVANJE DOBIČKA V NASPROTJU S PROIZVODNJO ZA LOKALNO PREBIVALSTVO
WTO AND IMF, CASH CROP VS PRODUCTION FOR LOCAL POPULATION
H. ker Svetovna banka, Mednarodni denarni sklad in Svetovna trgovinska organizacija zadnja desetletja spodbujajo liberalizacijo trgovine in kmetijske strukturne reforme v državah v razvoju, kar je mnogim državam vsililo prevladujoč model obsežnega izvozno usmerjenega pridelovanja proizvodov, namenjenih kovanju dobička na račun trajnostne lokalne pridelave hrane in lokalnih trgov s hrano, kar je oslabilo gospodarstva na podeželju in zanesljivost oskrbe s hrano v državah v razvoju,
H. whereas, over the past decades, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organisation have promoted trade liberalisation and structural reforms in agriculture in developing countries, which has imposed in many countries a dominant model of large scale export-orientated cash crop agriculture at the expense of sustainable local food production and local food markets, which has weakened the rural economies and food security of developing countries,
MALO VLAGANJ V ZNANJE NA PODROČJU KMETIJSTVA
LOW INVESTMENT IN AGRICULTURAL KNOWLEDGE
I. ker se je v zadnjih treh desetletjih delež pomoči državam v razvoju, namenjen kmetijstvu in razvoju podeželja dramatično zmanjšal; ker so se vlaganja v trajnostne prehranske sisteme v državah v razvoju zmanjšala zaradi preusmeritve prednostnih nalog v izvozno usmerjene izdelke, kar je še oslabilo lokalne zmogljivosti za pridelovanje in razširjanje zadostne količine hrane po pošteni ceni,
I. whereas the share of aid to the developing world going to agriculture and rural development has fallen dramatically over the past three decades; whereas investment in sustainable food systems in developing countries has declined due to a shift in priorities for export-oriented production further weakening local capacities to produce and distribute sufficient food at fair prices,
IZGUBA ZA KMETE IN OSTANKI HRANE
FARMERS LOOSING OUT AND FOOD WASTE
J. ker se je delež prihodkov kmetov iz preskrbovalne verige s hrano močno zmanjšal, predelovalci in prodajalci na drobno pa imajo vedno večji dobiček; ker so se povečale cene za potrošnike; in ker se na različnih točkah prehranske verige izgubi vsaj 30 % vse svetovno pridelane hrane,
J. whereas the share of farmers´ income from the food supply chain has substantially dropped, against a constant increase of profits by processors and retailers; whereas consumer prices have increased; and whereas at least 30% of all food produced globally is wasted at different points along the food chain,
SISTEMI, KI SE KRMIJO Z ŽITI V NASPROTJU S SISTEMI, KI SE KRMIJO S TRAVO, ODVISNOST OD KRME
GRAIN FED VS GRASS FED SYSTEMS, FEED DEPENDENCY
K. ker je prevladujoč model proizvodnje mesa z intenzivnim vnosom in krmljenjem z žitom ter s tem povezani strukturni presežki močno prispeval k sedanji krizi v evropski živinoreji in odraža veliko odvisnost od uvoza živalske krme v nasprotju z bolj trajnostnim krmljenjem s travo in sistemi proizvodnje mesa z nizkim stroški; ker bodo učinki netrajnostne porabe vode, zemlje in biotske raznovrstnosti skupaj z naraščajočimi vplivi podnebnih sprememb še povečali naraščajočo napetost na kmetijskih trgih in porast cen hrane,
K. whereas the dominant model of input-intensive and grain-fed meat production and related structural surpluses have significantly contributed to the current crisis in the European livestock sector, reflecting the high level of dependence on animal feed imports as opposed to more sustainable grass-fed, low cost meat production systems; whereas the impacts of unsustainable use of water, soil and biodiversity together with growing impacts of climate change will add to growing tensions on agricultural markets and increased food prices,
ZLOM KMETIJSKIH SISTEMOV V DRŽAVAH V RAZVOJU
COLLAPSE OF DEVELOPING WORLD AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS
L. ker so bile skozi desetletja izvozne subvencije in pomoč v hrani, zlasti iz ZDA in EU, odgovorne za uničenje proizvodnje za samooskrbo in kmetovanja majhnega obsega v državah v razvoju, zaradi česar je na milijone družin ostalo brez zemlje in brez zadostnega dostopa do hrane,
L. whereas over decades export subsidies and food aid, especially from the US and the EU have been responsible for the destruction of subsistence production- and small scale farming in developing countries and left millions of families landless and without sufficient access to food,
M. ker v državah v razvoju učinki dampinga, pridelovanje izdelkov za dobiček in izvozno usmerjena proizvodnja, pomanjkljivo vlaganje v znanje, povezano s kmetijstvom in promocijo kmetijstva, kar povzroča slabo upravljanje z zemljo in vodo ter prekomerno pašo ter izredni vremenski dogodki, povezani s podnebnimi spremembami, prispevajo k zlomu kmetijskih sistemov; ker se povečuje preseljevanje iz podeželja v mesta in narašča prebivalstvo, ki je zaskrbljujoče odvisno od uvožene hrane, in je še bolj ranljivo zaradi naraščanja cen,
M. whereas in the developing world, the effects of dumping, cash-cropping and export oriented production, a lack of investment in agricultural knowledge and extension services leading to poor soil and water management and overgrazing, and extreme weather events increasingly linked to climate change, all contribute to the collapse of agricultural systems; whereas increased rural-to-urban migration and growing populations worryingly dependent on imported food and are ever more vulnerable to price spikes,
PODNEBNE SPREMEME IN SVETOVNE ZALOGE HRANE
CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL FOOD STOCKS
N. ker na primer v Avstraliji, Pakistanu in Rusiji učinki podnebnih sprememb, kot so suše in nenadne poplave izničujejo pričakovane vzorce pridelave hrane, zmanjšujejo oskrbovanje s hrano in povzročajo vrhunce cen hrane,
N. whereas, like in the case of Australia, Pakistan and Russia the effects of climate change, such as droughts, flash floods cause havoc with the expected pattern of food production, restricting food supply and provoking food price peaks,
O. ker so svetovne zaloge hrane, kljub temu, da niso tako nizke kot leta 2008, še vedno med najnižjimi v zgodovini, kar onemogoča začasno olajšanje pojavljajočega se porasta cen in državam, odvisnim od uvoza, ne dopušča, da bi v obdobjih pomanjkanja svojim prebivalcem priskrbele dovolj hrane,
O. whereas global food stocks, although not quite as low as in 2008, are still at historically low levels, which does not allow to temporarily ease the occurring price spikes and does not allow import-dependent countries to supply their populations with sufficient food during shortage periods,
PRILAŠČANJE ZEMLJE
LAND GRABBING
P. ker so velike površine zemlje, zlasti v Afriki, pogosto kar brez pristanka lastnikov pokupile neafriške družbe; ker se ta zemlja ne uporablja vedno za pridelavo hrane, ampak se lahko uporablja za pridelovanje izvoznega blaga, kot je gradbeni les; ker tak razvoj brez ustrezne zakonodaje ogroža potencial za pridelovanje hrane afriških držav,
P. whereas large tracts of land, particularly in Africa, have been bought up by non-African companies, frequently without the consent of the landholders; whereas this land is not always used for food production, but can be used for the production of export commodities like timber; whereas such developments, without an adequate legal framework, threatens the food production potential of African countries,
EU KOT DONATORKA IN POGAJALKA V MEDNARODNI TRGOVINI
EU AS DONOR AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE NEGOTIATOR
Q. ker ima glas EU kot donatorke razvojne pomoči in pomembne trgovinske partnerke veliko težo v dvostranskih in večstranskih pogajanjih in bi ga bilo treba uporabljati odgovorno, vključno z uporabo instrumentov, ki podpirajo družbeno pravične in okolju primerne trgovinske predpise, kot je koncept upravičenega dostopa do trga, ki ga je predlagal Evropski parlament,
Q. whereas the voice of the EU as a donor in development aid and an important trade partner within bilateral and multilateral negotiations has weight and should be used responsibly, including the use of instruments which favour socially fair and environmentally sound trade rules such as the concept of qualified market access as suggested by the European Parliament,
2. vztraja, da je treba ukiniti tako neposredne in posredne izvozne subvencije, ki so v številnih državah v razvoju uničile lokalne sisteme zanesljive oskrbe s hrano kot tudi mehanizme povečevanja tarif za predelane izdelke, uvožene iz držav v razvoju in ki so te države prisilile povečati izvoz surovin na račun uravnovešene politike zanesljive oskrbe s hrano in izvoza hrane;
Insists that direct and indirect export subsidies which have destroyed local food security systems in many developing countries must be abandoned along with tariff escalation mechanisms on processed goods imported from developing countries (which have obliged these countries to increase exports of raw materials at the expense of a balanced food security/food export policy);
BOLJŠA RAZVOJNA POMOČ
IMPROVED DEVELOPMENT AID
4. poziva vlade držav članic, naj še naprej izvajajo in izboljšujejo svoje programe prenosa denarnih sredstev, vključno z mikroposojili ter preostalimi politikami varnostne mreže, da bi revnim med krizo zagotovile dostop do hrane; zahteva, naj vlade in institucije razvitega sveta v zvezi s tem zagotovijo zadostno pomoč;
Urges member states governments to maintain and improve their cash transfer programmes including micro loans as well as other social safety net policies to ensure that the poor will be able to have access to food through crises; demands that developed world governments and institutions provide sufficient assistance in this regard;
PREGLEDNOST IN UKREPI PROTI ŠPEKULACIJAM
TRANSPARENCY AND MEASURES AGAINST SPECULATION
STRATEŠKE ZALOGE HRANE IN UKREPI PROTI OSTANKOM HRANE
STRATEGIC FOOD STOCKS AND MEASURES AGAINST FOOD WASTE
9. poziva Komisijo, naj nujno poroča Parlamentu o najučinkovitejšem načinu za dosego tega cilja; nadalje poziva Komisijo, naj v večstranskih in dvostranskih trgovinskih pogajanjih prevzame vodilno vlogo pri zavzemanju za ta ciljno usmerjeni svetovni sistem zalog hrane; poziva EU in nacionalne vlade, naj začnejo s kampanjami in uvedejo spremembe za čimvečje zmanjšanje ostankov hrane;
Calls on the Commission as a matter of urgency to report to Parliament on the most effective way to achieve this; further calls on the Commission to play a leading role in advocating this targeted global food-stock system in multilateral and bilateral trade negotiations; calls on the EU and national governments to launch campaigns and put into place structural changes to minimise food waste;
UKREPI PROTI PODNEBNIM SPREMEMBAM
MEASURES AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
11. meni, da bodo načini kmetovanja v razvitem svetu privedli do okolju škodljivega delovanja, kar bo dolgoročno uničilo njegov potencial za proizvodnjo hrane; predlaga, da se usposabljanje osredotoči na prilagajanje podnebju in dobro skrbništvo nad zemljo, kot je upravljanje tal in voda, da bi preprečili izgube kmetijskih površin zaradi erozije zemlje ali zasoljevanja, skladno s sklepi IAASTD;
Considers that industrial farming practices in the developing world will lead to environmentally damaging practices which will, in the long term, destroy their food production potential; suggests that training should focus on climate adaptation and good land stewardship practices, such as soil and water management, to prevent the loss of farmland due to soil erosion or salinisation, in line with International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology (IAASTD) conclusions;
MERILA TRAJNOSTI
SUSTAINABILITY CRITERIA
13. pozdravlja oblikovanje lokalnih prehrambenih mrež in neposredno prodajo od proizvajalca do kupca, da bi lažje ločili cene hrane od rastočih cen fosilnih goriv, ki vplivajo na medkrajevni prevoz hrane; meni, da bo bolj trajnostno in lokalno kmetovanje tudi zmanjšalo vhodne stroške gnojil in krme; poziva Komisijo, naj v WTO predlaga pobudo za oceno stabilizacije cen blaga in drugih orodij za upravljanje ponudbe; poziva Evropsko investicijsko banko, naj prouči možnost za takojšnjo ustanovitev jamstvenega sklada za podporo nacionalnih programov mikroposojil ter zmanjševanja tveganj, ki bodo ustrezali potrebam lokalnih pridelovalcev hrane, zlasti v revnejših državah v razvoju;
Supports the development of local food networks and direct producer-to-consumer sale, in order to help decouple food prices from rising fossil fuel prices affecting the long distance transport of food; believes that more sustainable and local farming practices will also reduce the input costs of fertiliser and feed; calls on the Commission to propose within the WTO an initiative to evaluate commodity price stabilisation and other supply management tools; calls on the EIB to investigate possibilities for the immediate set-up of a guarantee fund in support of national micro-credit schemes and risk-hedging schemes that operate close to the needs of local food producers, especially in poorer developing countries;