natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
določi omejitve strojev, vključno s predvideno uporabo in njihovo razumno predvidljivo napačno uporabo;
determine the limits of the machinery, which include the intended use and any reasonably foreseeable misuse thereof,
ugotovi nevarnosti, ki jih lahko povzročijo stroji, in z njimi povezane nevarne situacije;
identify the hazards that can be generated by the machinery and the associated hazardous situations,
oceni tveganje, pri čemer upošteva, kako hude bi bile morebitne poškodbe ali okvare zdravja in kolikšna je njihova verjetnost;
estimate the risks, taking into account the severity of the possible injury or damage to health and the probability of its occurrence,
ovrednoti tveganje, da bi ugotovil, ali je treba zmanjšati tveganje skladno s cilji te direktive;
evaluate the risks, with a view to determining whether risk reduction is required, in accordance with the objective of this Directive,
Obveznosti, ki jih določajo bistvene varnostne in zdravstvene zahteve, se uporabljajo le tedaj, ko obstaja ustrezna nevarnost pri uporabi zadevnih strojev v razmerah, ki jih je predvidel proizvajalec ali njegov pooblaščeni zastopnik, ali v predvidljivih nenormalnih situacijah.
The obligations laid down by the essential health and safety requirements only apply when the corresponding hazard exists for the machinery in question when it is used under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer or his authorised representative or in foreseeable abnormal situations.
Vsekakor se uporabljajo načela povezovanja varnosti iz oddelka 1.1.2 in obveznosti glede označevanja strojev in navodila iz oddelkov 1.7.3 in 1.7.4.
In any event, the principles of safety integration referred to in section 1.1.2 and the obligations concerning marking of machinery and instructions referred to in sections 1.7.3 and 1.7.4 apply.
Bistvene varnostne in zdravstvene zahteve, določene v tej prilogi, so obvezne; vendar se ob upoštevanju stanja tehnike mogoče ne bo dalo doseči ciljev, ki jih določajo.
The essential health and safety requirements laid down in this Annex are mandatory; However, taking into account the state of the art, it may not be possible to meet the objectives set by them.
V tem primeru morajo biti stroji, kolikor je mogoče, načrtovani in izdelani z namenom približevanja tem ciljem.
In that event, the machinery must, as far as possible, be designed and constructed with the purpose of approaching these objectives.
BISTVENE VARNOSTNE IN ZDRAVSTVENE ZAHTEVE
ESSENTIAL HEALTH AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
V tej prilogi:
For the purpose of this Annex:
"nevarnost" pomeni potencialni vir poškodb ali okvar zdravja;
"hazard" means a potential source of injury or damage to health;
"nevarno območje" pomeni vsako območje v stroju in/ali okrog njega, v katerem je oseba izpostavljena tveganju za njeno zdravje ali varnost;
"danger zone" means any zone within and/or around machinery in which a person is subject to a risk to his health or safety;
"izpostavljena oseba" pomeni vsako osebo, ki je popolnoma ali delno v nevarnem območju;
"exposed person" means any person wholly or partially in a danger zone;
"upravljavec" pomeni osebo ali osebe, ki montirajo, upravljajo, nastavljajo, vzdržujejo, čistijo, popravljajo ali premikajo stroje;
"operator" means the person or persons installing, operating, adjusting, maintaining, cleaning, repairing or moving machinery;
"tveganje" pomeni kombinacijo verjetnosti in stopnje poškodbe ali okvare zdravja, ki lahko nastane zaradi nevarne situacije;
"risk" means a combination of the probability and the degree of an injury or damage to health that can arise in a hazardous situation;
"varovalo" pomeni del stroja, ki se uporablja posebej za zaščito s fizično pregrado;
"guard" means a part of the machinery used specifically to provide protection by means of a physical barrier;
"varovalna naprava" pomeni napravo (ki ni varovalo), ki zmanjšuje tveganje, bodisi samostojno bodisi v povezavi z varovalom;
"protective device" means a device (other than a guard) which reduces the risk, either alone or in conjunction with a guard;
"predvidena uporaba" pomeni uporabo strojev skladno z informacijami, ki so na voljo v navodilih za uporabo;
"intended use" means the use of machinery in accordance with the information provided in the instructions for use;
"razumno predvidljiva napačna uporaba" pomeni uporabo stroja na način, ki ni predviden v navodilih za uporabo, lahko pa izvira iz predvidljivega človeškega vedenja.
"reasonably foreseeable misuse" means the use of machinery in a way not intended in the instructions for use, but which may result from readily predictable human behaviour.
Načela vključevanja varnosti
Principles of safety integration
Stroji morajo biti načrtovani in izdelani tako, da ustrezajo svojemu namenu in jih je mogoče upravljati, nastavljati in vzdrževati brez izpostavljanja oseb tveganju, kadar se te dejavnosti izvajajo v predvidenih razmerah, vendar tudi ob upoštevanju vsake njihove razumno predvidljive napačne uporabe.
Machinery must be designed and constructed so that it is fitted for its function, and can be operated, adjusted and maintained without putting persons at risk when these operations are carried out under the conditions foreseen but also taking into account any reasonably foreseeable misuse thereof.
Cilj sprejetih ukrepov mora biti odprava vseh tveganj v vsej predvidljivi življenjski dobi strojev, vključno s fazami prevoza, sestavljanja, razstavljanja, onesposobitve in razreza.
The aim of measures taken must be to eliminate any risk throughout the foreseeable lifetime of the machinery including the phases of transport, assembly, dismantling, disabling and scrapping.
Pri izbiri najprimernejših načinov mora proizvajalec ali njegov pooblaščeni zastopnik v navedenem zaporedju uporabljati naslednja načela:
In selecting the most appropriate methods, the manufacturer or his authorised representative must apply the following principles, in the order given:
odprava ali čim večje zmanjšanje tveganja (varno načrtovanje in izdelava strojev),
eliminate or reduce risks as far as possible (inherently safe machinery design and construction),
sprejetje potrebnih varovalnih ukrepov v zvezi s tveganji, ki jih ni mogoče odpraviti,
take the necessary protective measures in relation to risks that cannot be eliminated,
obveščanje uporabnikov o preostalih tveganjih zaradi pomanjkljivosti sprejetih varovalnih ukrepov, navedba zahtev po posebnem usposabljanju in opredelitev potreb po zagotavljanju osebne varovalne opreme.
inform users of the residual risks due to any shortcomings of the protective measures adopted, indicate whether any particular training is required and specify any need to provide personal protective equipment.
Pri načrtovanju in izdelavi strojev ter pri izdelavi osnutkov navodil mora proizvajalec ali njegov pooblaščeni zastopnik poleg predvidene uporabe stroja predvideti tudi vsako njegovo razumno predvidljivo napačno uporabo.
When designing and constructing machinery and when drafting the instructions, the manufacturer or his authorised representative must envisage not only the intended use of the machinery but also any reasonably foreseeable misuse thereof.
Stroji morajo biti načrtovani in izdelani tako, da je preprečena nenormalna uporaba, če bi taka uporaba povzročila tveganje.
The machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way as to prevent abnormal use if such use would engender a risk.
Kadar je to primerno, morajo navodila opozoriti uporabnika na nedopustne načine uporabe strojev − ki so se izkazali za možne na podlagi izkušenj.
Where appropriate, the instructions must draw the user's attention to ways – which experience has shown might occur – in which the machinery should not be used.
Stroji morajo biti načrtovani in izdelani ob upoštevanju omejitev upravljavca zaradi potrebne ali predvidljive uporabe osebne varovalne opreme.
Machinery must be designed and constructed to take account of the constraints to which the operator is subject as a result of the necessary or foreseeable use of personal protective equipment.
Stroji morajo biti dobavljeni z vso posebno opremo in priborom, ki so bistveni za njihovo varno nastavljanje, vzdrževanje in uporabo.
Machinery must be supplied with all the special equipment and accessories essential to enable it to be adjusted, maintained and used safely.
Materiali in proizvodi
Materials and products
Materiali, uporabljeni za izdelavo strojev, ali proizvodi, uporabljeni ali ustvarjeni med njihovo uporabo, ne smejo ogrožati varnosti ali zdravja oseb.
The materials used to construct machinery or products used or created during its use must not endanger persons' safety or health.
Zlasti pri uporabi tekočin morajo biti stroji načrtovani in izdelani tako, da se prepreči tveganje zaradi polnjenja, uporabe, ponovne uporabe ali praznjenja.
In particular, where fluids are used, machinery must be designed and constructed to prevent risks due to filling, use, recovery or draining.
Stroji morajo biti dobavljeni z vgrajeno osvetlitvijo, primerno za predvidene postopke, kadar bi njeno pomanjkanje verjetno povzročilo tveganje, kljub normalni osvetlitvi prostora.
Machinery must be supplied with integral lighting suitable for the operations concerned where the absence thereof is likely to cause a risk despite ambient lighting of normal intensity.
Stroji morajo biti načrtovani in izdelani tako, da ni zasenčenih območij, ki bi lahko povzročila neprijetnosti, ne dražečega bleščanja in ne nevarnih stroboskopskih učinkov na gibljivih delih zaradi osvetlitve.
Machinery must be designed and constructed so that there is no area of shadow likely to cause nuisance, that there is no irritating dazzle and that there are no dangerous stroboscopic effects on moving parts due to the lighting.
Notranji deli, ki jih je treba pogosto pregledovati in nastavljati in območja vzdrževanja morajo biti primerno osvetljena.
Internal parts requiring frequent inspection and adjustment, and maintenance areas must be provided with appropriate lighting.
Načrtovanje strojev, ki olajšuje njihovo upravljanje
Design of machinery to facilitate its handling
Stroji, ali vsaka njihova komponenta, morajo:
Machinery, or each component part thereof, must:
zagotavljati varno ravnanje in prevoz,
be capable of being handled and transported safely,
biti pakirani ali načrtovani tako, da jih je mogoče uskladiščiti varno in brez poškodb.
be packaged or designed so that it can be stored safely and without damage.
Med prevozom strojev in/ali njihovih komponent ne sme biti možnosti za nenadne premike ali nevarnosti zaradi nestabilnosti, dokler se s stroji in/ali njihovimi komponentami ravna skladno z navodili.
During the transportation of the machinery and/or its component parts, there must be no possibility of sudden movements or of hazards due to instability as long as the machinery and/or its component parts are handled in accordance with the instructions.
Kadar teža, velikost ali oblika strojev ali njihovih različnih komponent onemogoča njihovo ročno premikanje, morajo biti stroji oziroma vsaka njihova komponenta:
Where the weight, size or shape of machinery or its various component parts prevents them from being moved by hand, the machinery or each component part must:
opremljeni s priključki za dvižno napravo, ali
either be fitted with attachments for lifting gear, or
načrtovani tako, da jih je mogoče opremiti s takšnimi priključki, ali
be designed so that it can be fitted with such attachments, or
oblikovani tako, da je mogoče nanje zlahka priključiti standardno dvižno napravo.
be shaped in such a way that standard lifting gear can easily be attached.
Kadar je treba stroj ali enega izmed njegovih sestavnih delov premikati ročno, mora biti:
Where machinery or one of its component parts is to be moved by hand, it must:
lahko gibljiv, ali
either be easily moveable, or
opremljen za varno dviganje in premikanje.
be equipped for picking up and moving safely.
Za ravnanje z orodji in/ali strojnimi deli, ki bi lahko bili nevarni, tudi če je njihova teža majhna, je treba vzpostaviti posebno ureditev.
Special arrangements must be made for the handling of tools and/or machinery parts which, even if lightweight, could be hazardous.
V predvidenih razmerah uporabe morajo biti neudobje, utrujenost ter fizična in psihološka obremenitev upravljavca kar najbolj zmanjšani z upoštevanjem ergonomskih načel, kot so:
Under the intended conditions of use, the discomfort, fatigue and physical and psychological stress faced by the operator must be reduced to the minimum possible, taking into account ergonomic principles such as:
upoštevanje razlik med upravljavci glede telesnih mer, moči in vzdržljivosti;
allowing for the variability of the operator's physical dimensions, strength and stamina,
zagotavljanje zadostnega prostora za gibanje delov upravljavčevega telesa;
providing enough space for movements of the parts of the operator's body,
izogibanje delovnemu tempu, ki ga narekuje stroj;
avoiding a machine-determined work rate,
izogibanje nadzoru, ki zahteva dolgotrajno zbranost;
avoiding monitoring that requires lengthy concentration,
prilagajanje vmesnika med človekom in strojem predvidljivim lastnostim upravljavcev.
adapting the man/machinery interface to the foreseeable characteristics of the operators.
Upravljalna mesta
Operating positions
Upravljalno mesto mora biti načrtovano in izdelano tako, da se preprečijo vsa tveganja zaradi izpušnih plinov in/ali pomanjkanja kisika.
The operating position must be designed and constructed in such a way as to avoid any risk due to exhaust gases and/or lack of oxygen.
Če so stroji predvideni za uporabo v nevarnem okolju, ki predstavlja tveganje za zdravje in varnost upravljavca ali če ustvarjajo nevarno okolje sami stroji, morajo biti zagotovljena ustrezna sredstva za zagotavljanje dobrih delovnih razmer in zaščite upravljavca pred vsemi predvidljivimi nevarnostmi.
If the machinery is intended to be used in a hazardous environment presenting risks to the health and safety of the operator or if the machinery itself gives rise to a hazardous environment, adequate means must be provided to ensure that the operator has good working conditions and is protected against any foreseeable hazards.
Kadar je to primerno, mora biti upravljalno mesto opremljeno z ustrezno kabino, načrtovano, izdelano in/ali opremljeno tako, da ustreza zgornjim zahtevam.
Where appropriate, the operating position must be fitted with an adequate cabin designed, constructed and/or equipped to fulfil the above requirements.
Izhod mora omogočati hiter umik.
The exit must allow rapid evacuation.
Poleg tega mora biti, kadar je to primerno, zagotovljen zasilni izhod v smeri, ki se razlikuje od običajnega izhoda.
Moreover, when applicable, an emergency exit must be provided in a direction which is different from the usual exit.
Kadar je to ustrezno in to dopuščajo delovne razmere, morajo biti delovna mesta, ki so sestavni del stroja, načrtovana tako, da omogočajo namestitev sedežev.
Where appropriate and where the working conditions so permit, work stations constituting an integral part of the machinery must be designed for the installation of seats.
Če je predvideno, da upravljavec med delovanjem sedi in je upravljalno mesto sestavni del stroja, mora biti sedež dobavljen s strojem.
If the operator is intended to sit during operation and the operating position is an integral part of the machinery, the seat must be provided with the machinery.
Sedež mora upravljavcu omogočati ohranjanje stabilnega položaja.
The operator's seat must enable him to maintain a stable position.
Poleg tega morata biti sedež in njegova oddaljenost od krmilnih naprav prilagodljiva upravljavcu.
Furthermore, the seat and its distance from the control devices must be capable of being adapted to the operator.
Če so stroji izpostavljeni tresljajem, mora biti sedež načrtovan in izdelan tako, da blaži tresljaje, ki se prenašajo na upravljavca, na najnižjo razumno dosegljivo raven.
If the machinery is subject to vibrations, the seat must be designed and constructed in such a way as to reduce the vibrations transmitted to the operator to the lowest level that is reasonably possible.
Nosilci sedeža morajo prenesti vse obremenitve, ki so jim lahko izpostavljeni.
The seat mountings must withstand all stresses to which they can be subjected.
Kadar pod nogami upravljavca ni tal, morajo biti zagotovljeni podnožniki, prekriti z materialom, odpornim proti drsenju.
Where there is no floor beneath the feet of the operator, footrests covered with a slip-resistant material must be provided.
Krmilni sistemi
Control systems
Varnost in zanesljivost krmilnih sistemov
Safety and reliability of control systems
Krmilni sistemi morajo biti načrtovani in izdelani tako, da preprečujejo nastanek nevarnih situacij.
Control systems must be designed and constructed in such a way as to prevent hazardous situations from arising.
Predvsem morajo biti načrtovani in izdelani tako, da:
Above all, they must be designed and constructed in such a way that:
vzdržijo predvidene delovne obremenitve in zunanje vplive,
they can withstand the intended operating stresses and external influences,
napake v strojni ali programski opremi krmilnega sistema ne povzročajo nevarnih situacij,
a fault in the hardware or the software of the control system does not lead to hazardous situations,
napake v logiki krmilnega sistema ne povzročajo nevarnih situacij,
errors in the control system logic do not lead to hazardous situations,
razumno predvidljive človeške napake med obratovanjem ne povzročajo nevarnih situacij.
reasonably foreseeable human error during operation does not lead to hazardous situations.
Posebno pozornost je treba posvetiti naslednjim postavkam:
Particular attention must be given to the following points:
stroji se ne smejo nepričakovano zagnati,
the machinery must not start unexpectedly,
parametri strojev se ne smejo nenadzorovano spreminjati, kadar lahko takšne spremembe povzročijo nevarne situacije,
the parameters of the machinery must not change in an uncontrolled way, where such change may lead to hazardous situations,
ustavitev strojev ne sme biti preprečena, potem ko je bil dan ukaz za ustavitev,
the machinery must not be prevented from stopping if the stop command has already been given,
gibljivi deli strojev ali deli, vpeti v stroj, ne smejo odpasti ali odleteti,
no moving part of the machinery or piece held by the machinery must fall or be ejected,
samodejna ali ročna ustavitev kakršnih koli gibljivih delov mora biti neovirana,
automatic or manual stopping of the moving parts, whatever they may be, must be unimpeded,
varovalne naprave morajo ostati popolnoma učinkovite ali sprožiti ukaz za ustavitev,
the protective devices must remain fully effective or give a stop command,
deli krmilnega sistema, ki so povezani z varnostjo, se morajo skladno ujemati s celotnim sestavom strojev in/ali delno dokončanih strojev.
the safety-related parts of the control system must apply in a coherent way to the whole of an assembly of machinery and/or partly completed machinery.
Pri brezžičnem krmiljenju se mora sprožiti samodejna ustavitev, kadar ni sprejema pravilnih krmilnih signalov, vključno z izgubo povezave.
For cable-less control, an automatic stop must be activated when correct control signals are not received, including loss of communication.
Krmilne naprave
Control devices
Krmilne naprave morajo biti:
Control devices must be:
jasno vidne in razpoznavne s primerno uporabo piktogramov,
clearly visible and identifiable, using pictograms where appropriate,
nameščene tako, da jih je mogoče varno upravljati brez obotavljanja ali izgube časa in brez dvoumnosti,
positioned in such a way as to be safely operated without hesitation or loss of time and without ambiguity,
načrtovane tako, da je gib krmilne naprave skladen s svojim učinkom,
designed in such a way that the movement of the control device is consistent with its effect,
nameščene zunaj nevarnih območij, razen kadar je to potrebno za nekatere krmilne naprave, kot so naprave za izklop v sili ali viseči krmilniki,
located outside the danger zones, except where necessary for certain control devices such as an emergency stop or a teach pendant,
nameščene tako, da njihovo delovanje ne more povzročiti dodatnega tveganja,
positioned in such a way that their operation cannot cause additional risk,
načrtovane ali zaščitene tako, da je mogoče želeni učinek, ki vključuje nevarnost, doseči le z namernim dejanjem,
designed or protected in such a way that the desired effect, where a hazard is involved, can only be achieved by a deliberate action,
izdelane tako, da prenesejo predvidljive sile; posebna pozornost mora biti namenjena napravam za ustavitev v sili, ki so lahko izpostavljene znatnim silam.
made in such a way as to withstand foreseeable forces; particular attention must be paid to emergency stop devices liable to be subjected to considerable forces.
Kadar je krmilna naprava načrtovana in izdelana za izvajanje več različnih funkcij oziroma kadar ne obstaja ujemanje ena proti ena, mora biti funkcija, ki bo izvedena, jasno označena in jo je treba, kadar je potrebno, potrditi.
Where a control device is designed and constructed to perform several different actions, namely where there is no one-to-one correspondence, the action to be performed must be clearly displayed and subject to confirmation, where necessary.
Krmilne naprave morajo biti urejene tako, da so njihov načrt, gibanje in odpornost proti delovanju združljivi s funkcijo, ki bo izvedena, ob upoštevanju ergonomskih načel.
Control devices must be so arranged that their layout, travel and resistance to operation are compatible with the action to be performed, taking account of ergonomic principles.
Stroji morajo biti opremljeni s kazalniki, ki so potrebni za varno obratovanje.
Machinery must be fitted with indicators as required for safe operation.
Upravljavec jih mora biti sposoben odčitati z upravljalnega položaja.
The operator must be able to read them from the control position.
Upravljavcu mora biti omogočeno, da se lahko z vsakega upravljalnega položaja prepriča, da v nevarnih območjih ni nobenega, ali pa mora biti krmilni sistem zasnovan in izdelan tako, da je zagon onemogočen, dokler je kdorkoli v nevarnem območju.
From each control position, the operator must be able to ensure that no-one is in the danger zones, or the control system must be designed and constructed in such a way that starting is prevented while someone is in the danger zone.
Če nobena izmed teh možnosti ni izvedljiva, mora biti pred zagonom stroja oddan zvočni in/ali vidni opozorilni signal.
If neither of these possibilities is applicable, before the machinery starts, an acoustic and/or visual warning signal must be given.
Izpostavljene osebe morajo imeti dovolj časa, da zapustijo nevarno območje ali preprečijo zagon stroja.
The exposed persons must have time to leave the danger zone or prevent the machinery starting up.
Če je potrebno, morajo biti na voljo sredstva, ki zagotavljajo, da je stroj mogoče krmiliti le z upravljalnih položajev v enem ali več predhodno določenih območjih ali položajih.
If necessary, means must be provided to ensure that the machinery can be controlled only from control positions located in one or more predetermined zones or locations.
Kadar je upravljalnih položajev več, mora biti krmilni sistem načrtovan tako, da uporaba enega izmed njih prepreči uporabo ostalih, razen pri ukazih za ustavitev in izklop v sili.
Where there is more than one control position, the control system must be designed in such a way that the use of one of them precludes the use of the others, except for stop controls and emergency stops.
Kadar imajo stroji dva ali več upravljalnih mest, mora biti vsak položaj opremljen z vsemi potrebnimi krmilnimi napravami, ne da bi se upravljavci med seboj ovirali ali spravljali v nevarnost.
When machinery has two or more operating positions, each position must be provided with all the required control devices without the operators hindering or putting each other into a hazardous situation.
Zagon strojev sme biti mogoč le z namerno sprožitvijo krmilne naprave, predvidene v ta namen.
It must be possible to start machinery only by voluntary actuation of a control device provided for the purpose.
Enaka zahteva se uporablja:
The same requirement applies: