natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Obstajajo številne teme, ki se uporabljajo v celotnem referenčnem okviru: kritično razmišljanje, ustvarjalnost, dajanje pobud, reševanje problemov, ocena tveganj, sprejemanje odločitev ter konstruktivno obvladovanje čustev so pomemben dejavnik pri vseh osmih ključnih kompetencah.
There are a number of themes that are applied throughout the Reference Framework: critical thinking, creativity, initiative, problem solving, risk assessment, decision taking, and constructive management of feelings play a role in all eight key competences.
Sporazumevanje v maternem jeziku V okviru večkulturnih in večjezikovnih družb Evrope se ugotavlja, da materni jezik v vseh primerih ni nujno uradni jezik države članice in da je sporazumevanje v uradnem jeziku predpogoj za zagotavljanje polne udeležbe posameznika v družbi.
Communication in the mother tongue In the context of Europe's multicultural and multilingual societies, it is recognised that the mother tongue may not in all cases be an official language of the Member State, and that ability to communicate in an official language is a pre-condition for ensuring full participation of the individual in society.
V nekaterih državah članicah je lahko materni jezik eden od več uradnih jezikov.
In some Member States the mother tongue may be one of several official languages.
Ukrepi za obravnavo takih primerov in za ustrezno uporabo opredelitve zadevajo posamezno državo članico v skladu z njenimi posebnimi potrebami in okoliščinami.
Measures to address such cases, and apply the definition accordingly, are a matter for individual Member States in accordance with their specific needs and circumstances.
Sporazumevanje v maternem jeziku je sposobnost izražanja in razumevanja pojmov, misli, čustev, dejstev in mnenj v pisni in ustni obliki (poslušanje, govor, branje in pisanje) ter na ustrezen in ustvarjalen način jezikovno medsebojno delovanje v vseh družbenih in kulturnih okoliščinah – izobraževanje in usposabljanje, delo, dom in prosti čas.
Communication in the mother tongue is the ability to express and interpret concepts, thoughts, feelings, facts and opinions in both oral and written form (listening, speaking, reading and writing), and to interact linguistically in an appropriate and creative way in a full range of societal and cultural contexts; in education and training, work, home and leisure.
Bistveno znanje, spretnosti in odnosi, povezani s to kompetenco:
Essential knowledge, skills and attitudes related to this competence:
Sporazumevalna kompetenca je rezultat usvojitve maternega jezika, ki je temeljno povezana z razvojem kognitivne sposobnosti posameznika, da razume svet in se poveže z drugimi ljudmi.
Communicative competence results from the acquisition of the mother tongue, which is intrinsically linked to the development of an individual's cognitive ability to interpret the world and relate to others.
Za sporazumevanje v maternem jeziku mora posameznik poznati besednjak, imeti funkcionalno znanje slovnice in poznati funkcije jezika.
Communication in the mother tongue requires an individual to have knowledge of vocabulary, functional grammar and the functions of language.
Vključuje zavest o glavnih vrstah verbalne interakcije, vrsti literarnih in neliterarnih besedil, glavne značilnosti različnih slogov in registrov jezika ter spremenljivost jezika in sporazumevanja glede na okoliščine.
It includes an awareness of the main types of verbal interaction, a range of literary and non-literary texts, the main features of different styles and registers of language, and the variability of language and communication in different contexts.
Posameznik mora biti sposoben tako za ustno in kot za pisno sporazumevanje v različnih sporazumevalnih okoliščinah ter za spremljanje in prilagajanje lastnega sporazumevanja zahtevam danih okoliščin.
Individuals should have the skills to communicate both orally and in writing in a variety of communicative situations and to monitor and adapt their own communication to the requirements of the situation.
Ta kompetenca vključuje tudi sposobnost razlikovanja in uporabe različnih vrst besedil, iskanje, zbiranje in obdelavo informacij, uporabo pripomočkov, oblikovanje in izražanje svojih ustnih in pisnih argumentov na prepričljiv način, ustrezen okoliščinam.
This competence also includes the abilities to distinguish and use different types of texts, to search for, collect and process information, to use aids, and to formulate and express one's oral and written arguments in a convincing way appropriate to the context.
Pozitivni odnos do sporazumevanja v maternem jeziku vključuje pripravljenost za kritični in konstruktivni dialog, spoštovanje estetskih lastnosti, pripravljenost prizadevati si zanje ter zanimanje za interakcijo z drugimi.
A positive attitude towards communication in the mother tongue involves a disposition to critical and constructive dialogue, an appreciation of aesthetic qualities and a willingness to strive for them, and an interest in interaction with others.
To vključuje zavest o vplivanju jezika na druge ljudi in potrebo po razumevanju in uporabi jezika na pozitiven in družbeno odgovoren način.
This implies an awareness of the impact of language on others and a need to understand and use language in a positive and socially responsible manner.
Sporazumevanje v tujih jezikih Priznati je treba, da veliko Evropejcev živi v dvojezičnih ali večjezičnih družinah in skupnostih ter da uradni jezik v državi, v kateri živijo, ni nujno njihov materni jezik.
Communication in foreign languages It is important to recognise that many Europeans live in bilingual or multilingual families and communities, and that the official language of the country in which they live may not be their mother tongue.
Za te skupine se lahko omenjena sposobnost nanaša na uradni jezik in ne na tuji jezik.
For these groups, this competence may refer to an official language, rather than to a foreign language.
Njihova potreba, motivacija in družbeni in/ali ekonomski razlogi za pridobitev te sposobnosti, ki jim bo v pomoč pri vključevanju v družbo, bodo drugačni v primeru, ko se učijo tujega jezika zaradi potovanja ali dela.
Their need, motivation, and social and/or economic reasons for developing this competence in support of their integration will differ, for instance, from those learning a foreign language for travel or work.
Ukrepi za obravnavo takih primerov in ustrezno uporabo opredelitve so odvisni od posamezne države članice v skladu z njenimi posebnimi potrebami in razmerami v njej.
Measures to address such cases, and apply the definition accordingly, are a matter for individual Member States in accordance with their specific needs and circumstances.
Za sporazumevanje v tujih jezikih nasploh veljajo iste glavne razsežnosti kompetence sporazumevanja kot pri sporazumevanju v maternem jeziku: temelji na sposobnostih razumevanja, izražanja in razlage pojmov, misli, čustev, dejstev in mnenj v pisni in ustni obliki (poslušanje, govor, branje in pisanje) v ustrezni vrsti družbenih in kulturnih okoliščin – izobraževanje in usposabljanje, delo, dom in prosti čas, – v skladu z željami ali potrebami posameznika.
Communication in foreign languages broadly shares the main skill dimensions of communication in the mother tongue: it is based on the ability to understand, express and interpret concepts, thoughts, feelings, facts and opinions in both oral and written form (listening, speaking, reading and writing) in an appropriate range of societal and cultural contexts (in education and training, work, home and leisure) according to one's wants or needs.
Sporazumevanje v tujih jezikih zahteva tudi sposobnosti, kot sta posredovanje in medkulturno razumevanje.
Communication in foreign languages also calls for skills such as mediation and intercultural understanding.
Posameznikova stopnja usposobljenosti je odvisna od štirih razsežnosti (poslušanje, govorjenje, branje in pisanje) in od posameznega jezika ter posameznikovega družbenega in kulturnega ozadja, okolja, potreb in/ali interesov.
An individual's level of proficiency will vary between the four dimensions (listening, speaking, reading and writing) and between the different languages, and according to that individual's social and cultural background, environment, needs and/or interests.
Znanje tujih jezikov zahteva poznavanje besednjaka in funkcionalne slovnice ter zavest o glavnih vrstah verbalne interakcije in registrov jezika.
Competence in foreign languages requires knowledge of vocabulary and functional grammar and an awareness of the main types of verbal interaction and registers of language.
Pomembno je poznavanje socialnih dogovorov, kulturni vidik in spremenljivost jezikov.
Knowledge of societal conventions, and the cultural aspect and variability of languages is important.
Bistvena znanja za sporazumevanje v tujih jezikih so sestavljena iz sposobnosti razumevanja govornih sporočil, spodbujanja, vzdrževanja in sklepanja pogovorov ter branja, razumevanja in pisanja besedil, v skladu s potrebami posameznika.
Essential skills for communication in foreign languages consist of the ability to understand spoken messages, to initiate, sustain and conclude conversations and to read, understand and produce texts appropriate to the individual's needs.
Posamezniki morajo biti tudi sposobni ustrezno uporabljati pripomočke ter se tudi neuradno učiti jezikov kot del vseživljenjskega učenja.
Individuals should also be able to use aids appropriately, and learn languages also informally as part of lifelong learning.
Pozitivni odnos vključuje spoštovanje kulturne raznovrstnosti, zanimanje in radovednost glede jezikov in medkulturnega sporazumevanja.
A positive attitude involves the appreciation of cultural diversity, and an interest and curiosity in languages and intercultural communication.
Matematična kompetenca ter osnovne kompetence v znanosti in tehnologiji
Mathematical competence and basic competences in science and technology
Matematična kompetenca je sposobnost usvojitve in uporabe matematičnega načina razmišljanja za reševanje mnogih težav v vsakdanjem življenju.
Mathematical competence is the ability to develop and apply mathematical thinking in order to solve a range of problems in everyday situations.
Pri usvojitvi temeljnih tehnik računanja so poudarjeni postopek, dejavnost ter znanje.
Building on a sound mastery of numeracy, the emphasis is on process and activity, as well as knowledge.
Matematična kompetenca vključuje – v različnem obsegu – sposobnost in pripravljenost za uporabo matematičnih načinov razmišljanja (logično in prostorsko razmišljanje) in predstavljanja (formule, modeli, konstrukcije, grafi in razpredelnice).
Mathematical competence involves, to different degrees, the ability and willingness to use mathematical modes of thought (logical and spatial thinking) and presentation (formulas, models, constructs, graphs, charts).
Kompetenca na področju znanosti se nanaša na sposobnost in pripravljenost uporabe znanja in metodologije za razlago naravnega sveta z namenom ugotovitve vprašanj in sklepanja na podlagi dokazov.
Competence in science refers to the ability and willingness to use the body of knowledge and methodology employed to explain the natural world, in order to identify questions and to draw evidence-based conclusions.
Kompetenca v tehnologiji pomeni uporabo omenjenega znanja in metodologije kot odziv na znane človeške želje ali potrebe.
Competence in technology is viewed as the application of that knowledge and methodology in response to perceived human wants or needs.
Kompetenca na področju znanosti in tehnologije vključuje razumevanje sprememb, nastalih zaradi človeške dejavnosti, in odgovornost posameznega državljana.
Competence in science and technology involves an understanding of the changes caused by human activity and responsibility as an individual citizen.
Potrebno znanje matematike vključuje temeljito poznavanje številk, merskih enot in struktur, osnovnih postopkov in osnovnih matematičnih predstavitev, razumevanje matematičnih pojmov in zasnov ter zavedanje glede vprašanj, na katera lahko matematika ponudi odgovor.
Necessary knowledge in mathematics includes a sound knowledge of numbers, measures and structures, basic operations and basic mathematical presentations, an understanding of mathematical terms and concepts, and an awareness of the questions to which mathematics can offer answers.
Posameznik mora biti sposoben uporabljati temeljna matematična načela in postopke v vsakodnevnih okoliščinah doma in v službi ter slediti in ocenjevati sklope argumentov.
An individual should have the skills to apply basic mathematical principles and processes in everyday contexts at home and work, and to follow and assess chains of arguments.
Sposoben mora biti matematično razmišljati, razumeti matematične dokaze, se sporazumevati v matematičnem jeziku ter uporabljati ustrezne pripomočke.
An individual should be able to reason mathematically, understand mathematical proof and communicate in mathematical language, and to use appropriate aids.
Za znanost in tehnologijo so bistveno znanje osnovna načela naravnega sveta, temeljni znanstveni koncepti, načela in metode, tehnologija, tehnološki proizvodi in postopki ter razumevanje vpliva znanosti in tehnologije na naravni svet.
For science and technology, essential knowledge comprises the basic principles of the natural world, fundamental scientific concepts, principles and methods, technology and technological products and processes, as well as an understanding of the impact of science and technology on the natural world.
To znanje bi moralo posamezniku omogočiti boljše razumevanje prednosti, omejitve in tveganja znanstvenih teorij, aplikacij ter tehnologije v družbi nasploh (v odnosu do sprejemanja odločitev, vrednosti, moralnih vprašanj, kulture itd.).
These competences should enable individuals to better understand the advances, limitations and risks of scientific theories, applications and technology in societies at large (in relation to decision-making, values, moral questions, culture, etc).
Kompetence vključujejo sposobnost rokovanja s tehnološkim orodjem in stroji ter z znanstvenimi podatki za doseganje cilja ali sprejetje odločitve ali sklepa na podlagi dokazov.
Skills include the ability to use and handle technological tools and machines as well as scientific data to achieve a goal or to reach an evidence-based decision or conclusion.
Posameznik mora biti sposoben ugotoviti bistvene lastnosti znanstvene raziskave in imeti sposobnost posredovanja sklepov in razlogov, ki so do tega privedli.
Individuals should also be able to recognise the essential features of scientific inquiry and have the ability to communicate the conclusions and reasoning that led to them.
Kompetenca vključuje odnos kritičnega spoštovanja in radovednosti, zanimanje za etična vprašanja in spoštovanje varnosti in trajnosti – zlasti glede znanstvenega in tehnološkega napredka v odnosu do samega sebe, družine, skupnosti in globalnih vprašanj.
Competence includes an attitude of critical appreciation and curiosity, an interest in ethical issues and respect for both safety and sustainability, in particular as regards scientific and technological progress in relation to oneself, family, community and global issues.
Digitalna pismenost
Digital competence
Digitalna pismenost vključuje varno in kritično uporabo Tehnologije informacijske družbe (IST) pri delu, v prostem času in pri sporazumevanju.
Digital competence involves the confident and critical use of Information Society Technology (IST) for work, leisure and communication.
Bistveno znanje, spretnosti in odnosi, povezani s to pismenostjo:
Essential knowledge, skills and attitudes related to this competence:
Digitalna pismenost zahteva temeljito razumevanje in poznavanje narave, vloge in priložnosti IST v vsakdanjem življenju: v zasebnem in socialnem življenju ter na delu.
Digital competence requires a sound understanding and knowledge of the nature, role and opportunities of IST in everyday contexts: in personal and social life as well as at work.
To vključuje glavne računalniške aplikacije, kot so obdelava besedila, razpredelnice, zbirke podatkov, shranjevanje in upravljanje podatkov ter razumevanje možnosti ter potencialnih nevarnosti interneta in sporazumevanja s pomočjo elektronskih medijev (elektronske pošte, omrežnih orodij) za delo, prosti čas, izmenjavo informacij in skupna omrežja, učenje in raziskave.
This includes main computer applications such as word processing, spreadsheets, databases, information storage and management, and an understanding of the opportunities and potential risks of the Internet and communication via electronic media (e-mail, network tools) for work, leisure, information sharing and collaborative networking, learning and research.
Posameznik mora tudi razumeti, kako lahko IST podpira ustvarjalnost in inovativnost ter se zavedati vprašanj glede veljavnosti in zanesljivosti informacij, ki so na voljo, ter pravnih in etičnih načel, ki so vključena v interaktivni rabi IST.
Individuals should also understand how IST can support creativity and innovation, and be aware of issues around the validity and reliability of information available and of the legal and ethical principles involved in the interactive use of IST.
Potrebna znanja vključujejo: sposobnost iskanja, zbiranja in obdelave informacij ter njihovo uporabo na kritičen in sistematičen način, z oceno pomembnosti in razlikovanjem med resničnim in virtualnim ob hkratnem prepoznavanju povezav.
Skills needed include the ability to search, collect and process information and use it in a critical and systematic way, assessing relevance and distinguishing the real from the virtual while recognising the links.
Posameznik mora biti sposoben uporabljati orodje za proizvodnjo, predstavitev in razumevanje kompleksnih informacij ter imeti sposobnost dostopa, iskanja in uporabe storitev po internetu.
Individuals should have skills to use tools to produce, present and understand complex information and the ability to access, search and use internet-based services.
Zmožen mora biti tudi uporabljati IST za podporo kritičnemu razmišljanju, ustvarjalnosti in inovativnosti.
Individuals should also be able use IST to support critical thinking, creativity, and innovation.
Uporaba IST zahteva kritičen in premišljen odnos do dosegljivih informacij in odgovorno uporabo interaktivnih medijev.
Use of IST requires a critical and reflective attitude towards available information and a responsible use of the interactive media.
Digitalno pismenost podpira tudi zanimanje za delovanje v skupnostih in omrežjih v kulturne, socialne in/ali poklicne namene.
An interest in engaging in communities and networks for cultural, social and/or professional purposes also supports this competence.
Učenje učenja
Learning to learn
"Učenje učenja" je sposobnost učiti se in vztrajati pri učenju, organizirati lastno učenje, vključno z učinkovitim upravljanjem s časom in informacijami, individualno in v skupinah.
"Learning to learn" is the ability to pursue and persist in learning, to organise one's own learning, including through effective management of time and information, both individually and in groups.
Ta kompetenca vključuje zavest o lastnem učnem procesu in potrebah, prepoznavanje priložnosti, ki so na voljo, in sposobnost premagovanja ovir za uspešno učenje.
This competence includes awareness of one's learning process and needs, identifying available opportunities, and the ability to overcome obstacles in order to learn successfully.
Pomeni pridobivanje, obdelavo in sprejemanje novega znanja in spretnosti ter iskanje in uporabo nasvetov.
This competence means gaining, processing and assimilating new knowledge and skills as well as seeking and making use of guidance.
Z učenjem učenja učenci nadgrajujejo svoje predhodne izkušnje z učenjem in življenjske izkušnje v različnih okoliščinah: doma, v službi, pri izobraževanju in usposabljanju.
Learning to learn engages learners to build on prior learning and life experiences in order to use and apply knowledge and skills in a variety of contexts: at home, at work, in education and training.
Motivacija in zaupanje vase sta za kompetenco posameznika odločilni.
Motivation and confidence are crucial to an individual's competence.
Če je učenje usmerjeno neposredno k določenemu cilju v službi ali na poklicni poti, mora posameznik poznati zahtevane kompetence, znanje, spretnosti in kvalifikacije.
Where learning is directed towards particular work or career goals, an individual should have knowledge of the competences, knowledge, skills and qualifications required.
Vsekakor učenje učenja od posameznika zahteva, da pozna in razume učne strategije, ki mu najbolj ustrezajo, prednosti in pomanjkljivosti svojega znanja in kvalifikacij ter da zna poiskati priložnosti za izobraževanje, usposabljanje in nasvete in/ali podporo, ki so mu na voljo.
In all cases, learning to learn requires an individual to know and understand his/her preferred learning strategies, the strengths and weaknesses of his/her skills and qualifications, and to be able to search for the education and training opportunities and guidance and/or support available.
Spretnosti pri učenju učenja zahtevajo najprej pridobitev temeljnih osnovnih znanj, kot so pisanje, branje in računanje ter IKT znanja, ki so potrebna za nadaljnje učenje.
Learning to learn skills require firstly the acquisition of the fundamental basic skills such as literacy, numeracy and ICT skills that are necessary for further learning.
Na podlagi teh znanj mora biti posameznik sposoben najti dostop, pridobiti, obdelati in sprejeti novo znanje in spretnosti.
Building on these skills, an individual should be able to access, gain, process and assimilate new knowledge and skills.
Za to je potrebno učinkovito upravljanje vzorcev učenja, poklicne poti in dela, zlasti pa mora biti posameznik sposoben vztrajati pri učenju tudi dalj časa ter kritično razmišljati o namenu in ciljih učenja.
This requires effective management of one's learning, career and work patterns, and, in particular, the ability to persevere with learning, to concentrate for extended periods and to reflect critically on the purposes and aims of learning.
Posameznik mora biti zmožen posvetiti čas avtonomnemu učenju in s samodisciplino, pa tudi s skupinskim delom kot del učnega procesa izkoristiti prednosti heterogene skupine ter deliti naučeno.
Individuals should be able to dedicate time to learning autonomously and with self-discipline, but also to work collaboratively as part of the learning process, draw the benefits from a heterogeneous group, and to share what they have learnt.
Kadar je to primerno, mora biti sposoben organizirati lastno učenje, oceniti lastno delo in poiskati nasvet, informacije in podporo.
Individuals should be able to organise their own learning, evaluate their own work, and to seek advice, information and support when appropriate.
Pozitiven odnos vključuje motivacijo in zaupanje v lastno sposobnost uspešnega nadaljevanja učenja vse življenje.
A positive attitude includes the motivation and confidence to pursue and succeed at learning throughout one's life.
Odnos, usmerjen v reševanje problemov, podpira samo učenje in posameznikovo sposobnost premagovati ovire in se spreminjati.
A problem-solving attitude supports both the learning process itself and an individual's ability to handle obstacles and change.
Socialne in državljanske kompetence
Social and civic competences
Te kompetence vključujejo osebne, medosebne in medkulturne kompetence ter zajemajo vse oblike vedenja, ki usposabljajo posameznike za učinkovito in konstruktivno sodelovanje v socialnem in poklicnem življenju in zlasti v vse bolj raznovrstnih družbah ter za reševanje morebitnih sporov.
These include personal, interpersonal and intercultural competence and cover all forms of behaviour that equip individuals to participate in an effective and constructive way in social and working life, and particularly in increasingly diverse societies, and to resolve conflict where necessary.