natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
*, če tako zahteva proizvajalec, nacionalni organi zaradi razlogov, ki se nanašajo na emisije ali porabo goriva vozil, ne smejo zavrniti podelitve ES-homologacije ali nacionalne homologacije za nove tipe vozil ali prepovedati registracijo, prodajo ali začetek uporabe novega vozila, kadar je zadevno vozilo skladno s to uredbo in njenimi izvedbenimi ukrepi, zlasti z mejnimi vrednostmi Euro 5, določenimi v tabeli 1 Priloge I, ali z mejnimi vrednostmi Euro 6, določenimi v tabeli 2 Priloge I.
*, if a manufacturer so requests, the national authorities may not, on grounds relating to emissions or fuel consumption of vehicles, refuse to grant EC type approval or national type approval for a new type of vehicle, or prohibit the registration, sale or entry into service of a new vehicle, where the vehicle concerned complies with this Regulation and its implementing measures, and in particular with the Euro 5 limit values set out in Table 1 of Annex I or with the Euro 6 limit values set out in Table 2 of Annex I.
Za preskušanje emisij iz izpušne cevi so mejne vrednosti, ki veljajo za vozila za izpolnjevanje posebnih družbenih potreb, enake kot za vozila kategorije N1, razreda III.
For the test on tailpipe emissions, the limit values applied to vehicles designed to fulfil specific social needs shall be the same as for category N1 class III vehicles.
Z veljavnostjo od 1. septembra 2014 in od 1. septembra 2015 v primeru vozil kategorije N1, razreda II in III, in kategorije N2, nacionalni organi zaradi razlogov, ki se nanašajo na emisije ali porabo goriva, zavrnejo podelitev ES-homologacije ali nacionalne homologacije za nove tipe vozil, ki niso skladna s to uredbo in njenimi izvedbenimi ukrepi, zlasti z mejnimi vrednostmi Euro 6, določenimi v tabeli 2 Priloge I.
With effect from 1 September 2014, and from 1 September 2015 in the case of category N1 class II and III and category N2 vehicles, the national authorities shall refuse, on grounds relating to emissions or fuel consumption, to grant EC type approval or national type approval for new types of vehicle which do not comply with this Regulation and its implementing measures, and in particular with the Euro 6 limit values set out in Table 2 of Annex I.
Z veljavnostjo od 1. septembra 2015 in od 1. septembra 2016 v primeru vozil kategorije N1, razreda II in III, in kategorije N2, nacionalni organi v primeru, ko nova vozila niso skladna s to uredbo in njenimi izvedbenimi ukrepi, zlasti z mejnimi vrednostmi Euro 6, določenimi v tabeli 2 Priloge I, štejejo, da certifikati o skladnosti ne veljajo več za namene člena 7(1) Direktive 70/156/EGS in zaradi razlogov, ki se nanašajo na emisije ali porabo goriva, za taka vozila zavrnejo registracijo oziroma prepovejo prodajo ali začetek uporabe.
With effect from 1 September 2015, and from 1 September 2016 in the case of category N1 class II and III and category N2 vehicles, national authorities shall, in the case of new vehicles which do not comply with this Regulation and its implementing measures, and in particular with the Euro 6 limit values set out in Table 2 of Annex I, consider certificates of conformity to be no longer valid for the purposes of Article 7(1) of Directive 70/156/EEC and shall, on grounds relating to emissions or fuel consumption, prohibit the registration, sale or entry into service of such vehicles.
Homologacija nadomestnih delov
Type approval of replacement parts
Za nove nadomestne naprave za uravnavanje onesnaževanja, namenjene za vgradnjo v vozila, homologirana po tej uredbi, nacionalni organi prepovejo prodajo ali vgradnjo v vozilo, če niso takšnega tipa, da mu je bila v skladu s to uredbo in njenimi izvedbenimi ukrepi podeljena homologacija.
For new replacement pollution control devices intended to be fitted on vehicles approved under this Regulation, national authorities shall prohibit their sale or installation on a vehicle if they are not of a type in respect of which a type approval has been granted in compliance with this Regulation and its implementing measures.
Nacionalni organi lahko še nadaljujejo z razširitvami ES-homologacij za nadomestne naprave za uravnavanje onesnaževanja, ki izpolnjujejo predpise, sprejete pred to uredbo, pod pogoji, ki so prvotno veljali.
National authorities may continue to grant extensions to EC type approvals for replacement pollution control devices intended for standards preceding this Regulation under the terms which originally applied.
Nacionalni organi prepovejo prodajo ali vgradnjo nadomestnih naprav za uravnavanje onesnaževanja v vozila, če niso takšnega tipa, da mu je bila podeljena ustrezna homologacija.
National authorities shall prohibit the sale or installation on a vehicle of such replacement pollution control devices unless they are of a type in respect of which a relevant type approval has been granted.
Nadomestne naprave za uravnavanje onesnaževanja, namenjene za vgradnjo v vozila, ki so bila homologirana pred sprejetjem zahtev glede homologacije sestavnih delov, so izvzete iz zahtev, določenih v odstavkih 1 in 2.
Replacement pollution control devices intended to be fitted on vehicles type approved prior to the adoption of component type approval requirements are exempt from the requirements of paragraphs 1 and 2.
Države članice lahko predvidijo finančne spodbude, ki se uporabljajo za vozila iz serijske proizvodnje, ki so skladna s to uredbo in njenimi izvedbenimi ukrepi.
Member States may make provision for financial incentives that apply to vehicles in series production which comply with this Regulation and its implementing measures.
Takšne spodbude veljajo za vsa nova vozila, ki se dajo na trg v državi članici in so skladna najmanj z mejnimi vrednostmi emisij v tabeli 1 Priloge I pred datumoma, določenima v členu 10(3); prenehajo pa na ta datuma..
Those incentives shall be valid for all new vehicles offered for sale on the market of a Member State which comply at least with the emission limit values in Table 1 of Annex I in advance of the dates set out in Article 10(3); they shall cease on those dates.
Finančne spodbude, ki se uporabljajo izključno za vozila, skladna z mejnimi vrednostmi emisij v tabeli 2 Priloge I, se lahko odobrijo za nova vozila, ki se v državi članici dajo na trg od datumov, določenih v členu 10(3), vendar pred datumoma, določenima v členu 10(5); prenehajo pa na datuma, določena v členu 10(5).
Financial incentives that apply exclusively to vehicles which comply with the emission limit values in Table 2 of Annex I may be granted for such new vehicles offered for sale on the market of a Member State from the dates set out in Article 10(3) in advance of the dates set out in Article 10(5); they shall cease on the dates set out in Article 10(5).
Države članice lahko odobrijo finančne spodbude za naknadno opremljanje vozil v uporabi in razgradnjo vozil, ki ne ustrezajo.
Member States may grant financial incentives for the retrofitting of in-use vehicles and for scrapping vehicles which do not comply.
Finančne spodbude iz odstavkov 1 in 2 za vsak tip vozila ne smejo presegati dodatnih stroškov za tehnične naprave, vgrajene za zagotovitev skladnosti z mejnimi vrednostmi emisij, določenimi v Prilogi I, vključno s stroški vgradnje v vozilo.
For each type of vehicle, the financial incentives referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not exceed the additional cost of the technical devices introduced to ensure compliance with the emission limits specified in Annex I, including the cost of installation on the vehicle.
Komisijo se dovolj zgodaj obvesti o načrtih za uvedbo ali spremembo finančnih spodbud iz odstavkov 1 in 2.
The Commission shall be informed in sufficient time of plans to institute or change the financial incentives referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2.
Države članice določijo pravila o kaznih za kršitve določb te uredbe s strani proizvajalcev in sprejmejo vse potrebne ukrepe za zagotavljanje njihovega izvajanja.
Member States shall lay down the provisions on penalties applicable for infringement by manufacturers of the provisions of this Regulation and shall take all measures necessary to ensure that they are implemented.
Države članice obvestijo Komisijo o navedenih določbah do…
Member States shall notify those provisions to the Commission by…
Osemnajst mesecev po dnevu začetka veljavnosti te uredbe.
eighteen months after the date of entry into force of this Regulation.
in jo brez odlašanja obvestijo tudi o vseh kasnejših spremembah navedenih določb.
and shall notify it without delay of any subsequent amendment affecting them.
Vrste kršitev, ki se kaznujejo, vključujejo:
The types of infringements which are subject to a penalty shall include:
dajanje lažnih izjav pri postopkih homologacije ali postopkih preklica;
making false declarations during the approval procedures or procedures leading to a recall;
ponarejanje rezultatov preskusov v okviru homologacije in potrditve skladnosti v uporabi;
falsifying test results for type approval or in-service conformity;
zadržanje podatkov ali tehničnih specifikacij, ki bi lahko povzročili preklic ali odvzem homologacije;
withholding data or technical specifications which could lead to recall or withdrawal of type approval;
uporaba odklopnih naprav; in
use of defeat devices; and
zavračanje dostopa do informacij.
refusal to provide access to information.
Ponovna določitev zahtev
Redefinition of Specifications
Komisija preuči možnost vključitve emisij metana v izračun emisij ogljikovega dioksida.
The Commission shall consider including methane emissions in the calculation of carbon dioxide emissions.
Komisija po potrebi Evropskemu parlamentu in Svetu predstavi predlog z ukrepi za utemeljitev ali omejevanje emisij metana.
If necessary, the Commission shall present a proposal to the European Parliament and the Council with measures to account for, or limit, methane emissions.
Po zaključku UN/ECE programa za merjenje delcev, opravljenega pod nadzorom Svetovnega foruma za harmonizacijo pravilnikov o vozilih in najpozneje ob začetku veljavnosti Euro 6, Komisija, sprejme naslednje ukrepe za spremembo nebistvenih določb te uredbe, med drugim z njeno dopolnitvijo, ne da bi pri tem znižala obstoječo raven ciljev povezanih z okoljem:
After the completion of the UN/ECE Particulate Measurement Programme, conducted under the auspices of the World Forum for Harmonisation of Vehicle Regulations, and at the latest upon entry into force of Euro 6, the Commission shall adopt the following measures, which are designed to amend non-essential elements of this Regulation, inter alia by supplementing it, without lowering the existing ambition level with regard to the environment:
spremembe te uredbe v skladu z regulativnim postopkom s pregledom iz člena 15(3) zaradi ponovnega določanja mejnih vrednosti mas delcev, določenih v Prilogi I k tej uredbi, in uvedbe mejne vrednosti števila delcev v navedeni prilogi, tako da bodo približno v sorazmerju z mejnimi vrednostmi mas delcev pri bencinu in dizelskem gorivu;
amendment of this Regulation in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 15(3) for the purpose of recalibrating the particulate mass based limit values set out in Annex I to this Regulation, and introducing particle number based limit values in that Annex so that they correlate broadly with the petrol and diesel mass limit values;
sprejme revidiran merilni postopek za delce in mejno vrednost števila delcev, v skladu z regulativnem postopkom s pregledom iz člena 15(3).
adoption of a revised measurement procedure for particulates and a particle number limit value, in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 15(3).
Komisija spremlja postopke, preskuse in zahteve iz člena 5(3) ter preskusne cikle, ki se uporabljajo za merjenje emisij.
The Commission shall keep under review the procedures, tests and requirements referred to in Article 5(3) as well as the test cycles used to measure emissions.
Če se med spremljanjem pokaže, da ti niso več ustrezni ali da ne odražajo dejanskih emisij, se jih prilagodi tako, da ustrezno odražajo emisije, ki dejansko nastajajo med vožnjo na cesti.
If the review finds that these are no longer adequate or no longer reflect real world emissions, they shall be adapted so as to adequately reflect the emissions generated by real driving on the road.
Potrebni ukrepi, katerih namen je spremeniti nebistvene določbe te uredbe z njeno dopolnitvijo, se sprejmejo v skladu z regulativnim postopkom s pregledom iz člena 15(3).
The necessary measures, which are designed to amend non-essential elements of this Regulation, by supplementing it, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 15(3).
Komisija spremlja onesnaževala, za katera veljajo zahteve in preskusi iz člena 5(3).
The Commission shall keep under review the pollutants subject to the requirements and tests referred to in Article 5(3).
Če Komisija presodi, da je primerno urediti emisije dodatnih onesnaževal, predstavi Evropskemu parlamentu in Svetu ustrezno spremembo te uredbe.
If the Commission concludes that it is appropriate to regulate the emissions of additional pollutants it shall present a proposal to the European Parliament and to the Council to amend this Regulation accordingly.
Komisija pregleda emisijske omejitve iz tabele 4 Priloge 1 za emisije ogljikovega monoksida in emisij ogljikovodika iz izpušne cevi po preskusu s hladnim zagonom in po potrebi predlaga Evropskemu parlamentu in Svetu poostritev emisijskih omejitev.
The Commission shall review the emission limits set out in Table 4 of Annex I for the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon tailpipe emissions after a cold start test and shall present, as appropriate, a proposal to the European Parliament and to the Council with a view to tightening the emission limits.
Zadevne priloge Direktive 2005/55/ES se spremenijo v skladu z regulativnim postopkom s pregledom iz člena 15(3), tako da vsebujejo zahteve za homologacijo vseh vozil, zajetih v področje uporabe te direktive.
The relevant Annexes of Directive 2005/55/EC shall be amended in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 15(3) so that they contain requirements for the type approval of all vehicles covered by the scope of that Directive.
Postopek v odboru
Committee Procedure
Spremembe direktiv 70/156/EGS in 2005/55/ES
Amendments to Directives 70/156/EEC and 2005/55/EC
Direktiva 70/156/EGS se spremeni v skladu s Prilogo II k tej uredbi.
Directive 70/156/EEC shall be amended in accordance with Annex II to this Regulation.
Direktiva 2005/55/ES se spremeni:
Directive 2005/55/EC is hereby amended as follows:
naslov se nadomesti z naslednjim:
The title shall be replaced by the following:
Direktiva 2005/55/ES Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 28. septembra 2005 o homologaciji težkih vozil glede na njihove emisije (Euro IV in V)
Directive 2005/55/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 September 2005 on type approval of heavy duty vehicles and engines with respect to their emissions (Euro IV and V)
"vozilo" pomeni vsako motorno vozilo, kakor je opredeljeno v členu 2 Direktive 70/156/EGS katerega referenčna masa presega 2 610 kg;
"vehicle" means any motor vehicle as defined in Article 2 of Directive 70/156/EEC with a reference mass exceeding 2 610 kg;
"motor" pomeni pogonski vir vozila, za katerega se kot samostojni tehnični enoti, opredeljeni v členu 2 Direktive 70/156/EGS lahko podeli homologacija;
"engine" means the motive propulsion source of a vehicle for which type-approval as a separate technical unit, as defined in Article 2 of Directive 70/156/EEC, may be granted;
"okolju bolj prijazno vozilo (EEV)" pomeni vozilo, ki ga poganja motor, ki ustreza dopustnim mejnim vrednostim emisije, navedenimi v vrstici C tabel v točki 6.2.1 Priloge I.
"enhanced environment-friendly vehicle (EEV)" means a vehicle propelled by an engine which complies with the permissive emission limit values set out in row C of the tables in Section 6.2.1 of Annex I.
Točka 1 Priloge 1 se nadomesti z naslednjim: 1.
Section 1 of Annex I shall be replaced by the following: 1.
Ta direktiva se uporablja za uravnavanje plinastih in trdih onesnaževal, življenjsko dobo naprav za uravnavanje emisij, skladnost vozil in motorjev v uporabi ter za sisteme za diagnostiko na vseh motornih vozilih ter za motorje, kot je opredeljeno v členu 1, z izjemo vozil kategorij M1, N1, N2 in M2, za katere je bila podeljena homologacija skladno z Uredbo (ES) št. .../...
This Directive applies to the control of gaseous and particulate pollutants, useful life of emission control devices, conformity of in-service vehicles/engines and on-board diagnostic (OBD) systems of all motor vehicles, and to engines as specified in Article 1 with the exception of those vehicles of category M1, N1, N2 and M2 for which type-approval has been granted under Regulation (EC) No .../...
UL: Vstaviti naslov te uredbe in odgovarjajočo opombo.
OJ: Please insert title of this Regulation and the corresponding footnote.
Sledeče direktive se razveljavijo z ...
The following Directives shall be repealed with effect from ...
66 mesecev po dnevu začetka veljavnosti te uredbe.
66 months from the date of entry into force of this Regulation.
Direktiva 70/220/EGS;
Directive 70/220/EEC,
Direktiva 74/290/EGS;
Directive 74/290/EEC,
Direktiva 77/102/EGS;
Directive 77/102/EEC,
Direktiva 78/665/EGS;
Directive 78/665/EEC,
Direktiva 80/1268/EGS;
Directive 80/1268/EEC,
Direktiva 83/351/EGS;
Directive 83/351/EEC,
Direktiva 88/76/EGS;
Directive 88/76/EEC,
Direktiva 88/436/EGS;
Directive 88/436/EEC,
Direktiva 89/458/EGS;
Directive 89/458/EEC,
Direktiva 91/441/EGS;
Directive 91/441/EEC,
Direktiva 93/59/EGS;
Directive 93/59/EEC,
Direktiva 93/116/ES;
Directive 93/116/EC,
Direktiva 94/12/ES;
Directive 94/12/EC,
Direktiva 96/44/ES;
Directive 96/44/EC,
Direktiva 96/69/ES;
Directive 96/69/EC,
Direktiva 98/69/ES;
Directive 98/69/EC,
Direktiva 98/77/ES;
Directive 98/77/EC,
Direktiva 1999/100/ES;
Directive 1999/100/EC,
Direktiva 1999/102/ES;
Directive 1999/102/EC,
Direktiva 2001/1/ES;
Directive 2001/1/EC,
Direktiva 2001/100/ES;
Directive 2001/100/EC,
Direktiva 2002/80/ES;
Directive 2002/80/EC,
Direktiva 2003/76/ES;
Directive 2003/76/EC,
Direktiva 2004/3/ES;
Directive 2004/3/EC.
Prilogi II in V Direktive Komisije 89/491/EGS z dne 17. julija 1989 o prilagoditvi direktiv 70/157/EGS, 70/220/EGS, 72/245/EGS, 72/306/EGS, 80/1268/EGS in 80/1269/EGS v zvezi z motornimi vozili tehničnemu napredku UL L 238, 15.8.1989, str.
Annexes II and V of Commission Directive 89/491/EEC of 17 July 1989 adapting to technical progress Council Directives 70/157/EEC, 70/220/EEC, 72/245/EEC, 72/306/EEC, 80/1268/EEC and 80/1269/EEC relating to motor vehicles OJ L 238, 15.8.1989, p.
Države članice razveljavijo svoje izvedbene predpise, sprejete v skladu z direktivami iz odstavka 1, z ... * 66 mesecev po dnevu začetka veljavnosti te uredbe.
Member States shall repeal their implementing legislation adopted under the Directives referred to in paragraph 1 with effect from ... * 66 months from the date of entry into force of this Regulation.
Ta uredba se uporablja od ... ** 18 mesecev + 1 dan po začetku veljavnosti te uredbe.
This Regulation shall apply from ... ** 18 months + 1 day after the date of entry into force of this Regulation.
* z izjemo členov 10(1) in 12, ki se uporabljata od .... *** Dan začetka veljavnosti te uredbe Date of entry into force of this Regulation.
*, with the exception of Articles 10(1) and 12 which shall apply from ... *** Date of entry into force of this Regulation.
Spremembe ali izvedbeni ukrepi iz člena 5(3) in člena 14(6) se sprejmejo do.... **** 12 mesecev po dnevu začetka veljavnosti te uredbe 12 months after the date of entry into force of this Regulation.
The amendments or implementing measures referred to in Article 5(3) and Article 14(6) shall be adopted by ... **** 12 months after the date of entry into force of this Regulation.
Mejne vrednosti emisij
Emission limits
Tabela 1: Mejne vrednosti emisij Euro 5
Table 1: Euro 5 Emission Limits
Referenčna masa
Reference mass
Masa ogljikovega monoksida
Mass of carbon monoxide
Masa vseh ogljikovodikov
Mass of total hydrocarbons
Masa ne-metanskih ogljikovodikov
Mass of non-methane hydrocarbons
Masa dušikovih oksidov
Mass of oxides of nitrogen
Skupna masa vseh ogljikovodikov in dušikovih oksidov
Combined mass of total hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen
Masa trdnih delcev
Mass of particulate matter
Število delcev(1)
Number of particles(1)
Legenda: PI = prisilni vžig, CI = kompresijski vžig
Key: PI = Positive Ignition, CI = Compression Ignition
(1) Številske vrednosti se določi čim prej vendar najpozneje do začetka veljavnosti stopnje Euro 6.
(1) A number standard is to be defined as soon as possible and at the latest upon entry into force of Euro 6.
(2) Vrednosti za maso delcev pri motorjih na prisilni vžig veljajo samo za vozila z motorji z neposrednim vbrizgom.
(2) Positive ignition particulate mass standards apply only to vehicles with direct injection engines.
Tabela 2: Mejne vrednosti emisij Euro 6
Table 2: Euro 6 Emission Limits
(1) Številske vrednosti je treba za to stopnjo še določiti.
(1) A number standard is to be defined for this stage.
Tabela 3: Mejna vrednost emisij za preskus emisij izhlapevanja
Table 3: Emission Limit for the Evaporative Emissions Test
Masa emisij izhlapevanja (g/preskus)
Mass of Evaporative Emission (g/test)
Tabela 4: Mejna vrednost emisij ogljikovega monoksida in emisij ogljikovodikov iz izpušne cevi po preskusu s hladnim zagonom
Table 4: Emission Limit for the Carbon Monoxide and Hydrocarbon Tailpipe Emissions after a Cold Start Test
Preskusna temperatura 266 K (– 7 °C)
Test temperature 266 K (–7 °C)
Kategorija vozila
Vehicle Category
Masa ogljikovega monoksida (CO)
Mass of carbon monoxide (CO)
Masa ogljikovodikov (HC)
Mass of hydrocarbons (HC)
Direktiva 70/156/EGS se spremeni:
Directive 70/156/EEC is hereby amended as follows:
V členu 2 se po zadnji alinei doda naslednji stavek:
In Article 2 the following sentence shall be added after the last indent:
Če se v tej direktivi omenja posamična direktiva ali uredba, omemba vključuje tudi njune izvedbene akte.
If reference is made in this Directive to a separate Directive or Regulation it shall also include their implementing acts.
V naslednjih določbah se po besedah "posamična direktiva" dodata besedi "ali uredba":
The words "or Regulation" shall be added after the words "separate Directive" in the following provisions:
člen 2, prva alinea; člen 2, deveta alinea; člen 2, deseta alinea; člen 2, štirinajsta alinea; člen 3(1); člen 3(4); člen 4(1)(c); člen 4(1)(d); člen 5(5); člen 6(3); člen 7(2); člen 13(4); člen 13(5); Priloga I, prvi pododstavek, Priloga II, Del III, Priloga IV, del II, prvi odstavek; Priloga V, točka 1(a); Priloga V, točka 1(b); Priloga V, točka 1(c); Priloga VI, Stran 2 Certifikata o ES-homologaciji vozila, Priloga VII(1), točka 4, Priloga VII, opomba (1); Priloga X, točka 2.1.; Priloga X, točka 3,3.; Priloga XI, dodatek 4, pomen črk: X; Priloga XII, točka B(2); Priloga XIV, točka 2(a); Priloga XIV, točka 2(c); Priloga XIV, točka 2(d).
Article 2, first indent; Article 2, ninth indent; Article 2, tenth indent; Article 2, fourteenth indent; Article 3(1); Article 3(4); Article 4(1)(c); Article 4(1)(d); Article 5(5); Article 6(3); Article 7(2); Article 13(4); Article 13(5); Annex I, first subparagraph; Annex III, Part III; Annex IV, Part II, first paragraph; Annex V Section 1(a); Annex V Section 1(b); Annex V Section 1(c); Annex VI, Side 2 of EC vehicle type-approval certificate; Annex VII(1), Section 4; Annex VII, footnote (1); Annex X, Section 2.1; Annex X, Section 3.3; Annex XI, Appendix 4, Meaning of letters: X; Annex XII, Section B(2); Annex XIV, Section 2(a); Annex XIV, Section 2(c); Annex XIV, Section 2(d);
V naslednjih določbah se po besedah "posamična direktiva" dodata besedi "ali uredba":
The words "or Regulations" shall be added after the words "separate Directives" in the following provisions: