natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Dejansko so biološki viri stebri, na katerih gradimo civilizacije.
After all, biological resources are the pillars upon which we build civilisations.
Izguba biotske raznovrstnosti ogroža našo preskrbo s hrano, priložnosti za rekreacijo in turizem, sposobnost obvladovanja podnebnih sprememb ter vire lesa, zdravil in energije.
The loss of biodiversity threatens our food supplies, opportunities for recreation and tourism, capability to deal with climate change and sources of wood, medicines and energy.
Na drugi strani se zdi, da smo se oddaljili od narave in se trudimo najti njeno vrednost.
On the other hand, we seem to have disconnected ourselves from nature and are struggling to find this ‘value of Nature’.
Naše proizvodne metode in cena, ki jo plačujemo za blago in storitve, ne upoštevajo ali le v omejenem obsegu upoštevajo ceno izgube biotske raznovrstnosti ali degradacije ekosistema.
Our production methods and the price we pay for goods and services do not – or only to a limited extent – take into account the cost of biodiversity loss or ecosystem degradation.
Tudi storitve ali dejavnosti, namenjene zaustavitvi izgube biotske raznovrstnosti in ohranjanju dragocenih ekosistemov, pogosto niso ustrezno nagrajene.
Equally, services or activities attempting to halt the loss of biodiversity and maintaining valuable ecosystems often do not receive a just reward.
Čeprav je morda „določanje cene“ ekosistemskim storitvam sporno, se zdi, da sedanje raziskave
Although ‘putting a price’ on ecosystem services may be controversial, ongoing studies
Ekonomika ekosistemov in biotska raznovrstnost (TEEB), glej http://www.teebweb.org/. kažejo, da je izgubo blaginje zaradi izgube biotske raznovrstnosti zdaj mogoče ovrednotiti na 50 milijard EUR na leto (le malo manj kot 1 % BDP), ta vrednost pa se bo do leta 2050 povečala na 14 bilijonov EUR ali 7 % ocenjenega BDP na leto.
The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB), see http://www.teebweb.org/ . seem to indicate that the welfare loss from the loss of biodiversity is currently around € 50 billion per year (just under 1% of GDP), rising to € 14 trillion or 7% of estimated GDP per year in 2050.
Urgentno stanje
An urgent state of affairs
Izgubljanje biotske raznovrstnosti se nadaljuje z zaskrbljujočo hitrostjo.
The loss of biodiversity is continuing at an alarming rate.
Po svetu zdaj ocenjujejo, da je stopnja izumiranja vrst 50- do 1000-krat višja od naravne stopnje.
Worldwide, the current global species extinction rate is estimated at 50 to 1000 times higher than the natural background rate.
Stopnja izgube naj bi se do leta 2050 10 krat povišala. % sesalcev, 43 % ptic, 45 % metuljev, 30 % dvoživk, 45 % plazilcev in 52 % sladkovodnih rib v EU grozi izumrtje.
In the EU, 42% of mammals, 43% of birds, 45% of butterflies, 30% of amphibians, 45% of reptiles and 52% of freshwater fish are threatened with extinction.
Komisija je v svoji vmesni oceni o izvajanju akcijskega načrta EU za biotsko raznovrstnost leta 2008 navedla, da je 50 % vrst in do 80 % habitatov, katerih ohranitev je v evropskem interesu, slabo ohranjenih.
In its mid-term assessment of implementing the EC biodiversity action plan in 2008, the Commission stated that 50% of species and up to 80% of habitats of the European conservation interest have an unfavourable status.
Zaustavitev izgube biotske raznovrstnosti in ohranjanje ali obnovitev odpornih ekosistemov sta še toliko bolj pomembna na področju podnebnih sprememb, glede na to, da kopenski in morski ekosistemi zdaj vsrkavajo približno polovico antropogenih emisij CO 2 , zaradi česar so neprecenljivi z vidika zajemanja in skladiščenja ogljika.
Halting the loss of biodiversity and conserving or restoring resilient ecosystems is all the more important with a view to climate change, given the fact that terrestrial and marine ecosystems currently absorb around half of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions, which make them invaluable for their carbon capture and storage capacity.
Na drugi strani lahko degradacija in uničenje ekosistemov sprostita znatne količine toplogrednih plinov, prav tako pa je vedno več dokazov, da se zmogljivost ponorov ogljika na Zemlji zmanjšuje zaradi globalnega segrevanja in drugih obremenilnih dejavnikov.
On the other hand, the degradation and destruction of ecosystems can release significant volumes of greenhouse gases and there is growing evidence that the capacity of the Earth’s carbon sinks is decreasing, due to global warming and other stress factors.
Ohranjanje ekosistemov je zato bistvenega pomena za blaženje podnebnih sprememb in prilagajanje nanje.
Maintaining ecosystems is therefore of vital importance for climate change mitigation and adaptation.
Predhodne mednarodne in evropske pobude ter sporazumi za zaustavitev izgube biotske raznovrstnosti in ekosistemov žal niso bili uspešni.
Previous international and European initiatives and agreements to halt the loss of biodiversity and ecosystems have unfortunately not been successful.
Svetovni vrh leta 1992 v Riu je prispeval k sprejetju Konvencije o biološki raznovrstnosti, ki jo je EU ratificirala leta 1993.
In 1992, as a result of the Rio Earth Summit, the Convention on Biological Diversity was adopted, which was ratified by the EU in 1993.
Leta 1998 je EU sprejela strategijo o biotski raznovrstnosti s štirimi akcijskimi načrti, ki so bili predstavljeni leta 2001, in sicer na področju ohranitve naravnih virov, kmetijstva, ribištva ter gospodarskega in razvojnega sodelovanja.
In 1998, the EU adopted a biodiversity strategy with four biodiversity action plans which were presented in 2001, on conservation of natural resources, agriculture, fisheries, and economic and development cooperation.
Narava in biotska raznovrstnost sta tudi del štirih prednostnih nalog šestega okoljskega akcijskega programa EU, vključno s podnebnimi spremembami, ravnanjem z viri in odpadki ter zdravjem okolja.
Nature and biodiversity are also one of the four priorities of the EU’s sixth environment action programme, together with climate change, resource and waste management and health in relation to the environment.
Komisija je leta 2006 razkrila akcijski načrt za zaustavitev izgube biotske raznovrstnosti, v katerem je opredelila štiri prednostna področja: biotska raznovrstnost v EU, biotska raznovrstnost v EU in svetu, biotska raznovrstnost in podnebne spremembe ter baza znanja.
In 2006, the Commission unveiled an action plan to halt biodiversity loss, identifying four priority areas: biodiversity in the EU, the EU and global biodiversity, biodiversity and climate change, and the knowledge base.
Kljub tem pobudam žal ni bil izpolnjen cilj EU, ki je bil zastavljen na evropskem vrhu v Gothenburgu leta 2001, da se do leta 2010 zaustavi izguba biotske raznovrstnosti.
Despite these initiatives the EU’s objective, as agreed to at the European Summit in Gothenburg in 2001, to halt the loss of biodiversity by 2010 has unfortunately not been met.
Kljub urgentnosti položaja so evropski državljani premalo ozaveščeni o izgubi biotske raznovrstnosti in o njenih škodljivih posledicah.
Despite the urgency of the situation, European citizens are insufficiently aware of biodiversity loss and its adverse consequences.
Glede na raziskavo Eurobarometer aprila 2010 le 38 % Evropejcev pozna pojem „biotska raznovrstnost“, 28 % pa pozna ta izraz, vendar ne njegovega pomena.
According to a Eurobarometer survey in April 2010, only 38% of Europeans know the meaning of the term ‘biodiversity’, while 28% know the word but not its meaning.
Večina meni, da je izguba biotske raznovrstnosti resno vprašanje, vendar mislijo, da ne bo vplivala osebno nanje.
Admittedly, a majority consider biodiversity loss to be a serious issue, but they do not think they will be personally affected by it.
Le 17 % vprašanih meni, da nanje že vpliva izguba biotske raznovrstnosti.
Only 17% of respondents believe that they are already touched by biodiversity decline.
Državljani kot najpomembnejši razlog za neukrepanje proti izgubi biotske raznovrstnosti navajajo pomanjkanje znanja o tem, kaj lahko storijo.
As the most important reason for their lack of action to combat biodiversity loss, citizens cite a lack of knowledge about what can be done.
Zato je zelo potrebna kampanja za povečanje ozaveščenosti na tem področju.
An awareness raising campaign in this area is therefore sorely needed.
Instrumenti in politike EU
EU instruments and policies
Ključni instrument na ravni EU za ohranjanje biotske raznovrstnosti in ekosistemov je Natura 2000, omrežje območij varstva narave na ravni EU, vzpostavljeno v okviru
The key EU-level instrument for safeguarding biodiversity and ecosystems is Natura 2000, an EU-wide network of nature protection areas established under the
direktive o habitatih .
Habitats Directive .
Sestavljeno je iz posebnih ohranitvenih območij, ki so jih določile države članice v skladu z direktivo o habitatih (1992), vključuje pa tudi posebna območja varstva, določena v okviru
It is comprised of Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) designated by Member States under the Habitats Directive (1992), and also incorporates Special Protection Areas (SPAs) which they designate under the
direktive o pticah (1979).
Birds Directive (1979).
Glavni cilj programa Natura 2000 je „prispevati k zagotavljanju biotske raznovrstnosti z ohranjanjem naravnih habitatov ter prosto živečih živalskih in rastlinskih vrst na evropskem ozemlju držav članic“
The main objective of Natura 2000 is to ‘contribute towards ensuring bio-diversity through the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora in the European territory of the Member States.’
Direktiva Sveta 92/43/EGS z dne 21. maja 1992 o ohranjanju naravnih habitatov ter prosto živečih živalskih in rastlinskih vrst (direktiva o habitatih), člen 2. .
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora (Habitats Directive), Article 2.
Ukrepi, sprejeti na podlagi zakonodaje Natura 2000, so namenjeni „vzdrževanju ali obnovitvi ugodnega stanja ohranjenosti naravnih habitatov in prosto živečih živalskih in rastlinskih vrst v interesu Skupnosti“, ob hkratnem upoštevanju „gospodarskih, družbenih in kulturnih potreb ter regionalnih in lokalnih značilnosti“
Measures taken on the basis of Natura 2000 legislation are designed to ‘maintain or restore, at favourable conservation status, natural habitats and species of wild fauna and flora of Community interest’, while at the same time taking account of ‘economic, social and cultural requirements and regional and local characteristics.’
Kljub sedanjemu osredotočanju na ohranjanje habitatov in varstvo vrst bi bilo morda vredno nameniti večjo pozornost ustvarjanju odpornih ekosistemov, ki se lahko odzovejo na pritisk in zagotovijo dragocene ekosistemske storitve.
Despite the current focus on habitat conservation and the protection of species, it might be worth considering focusing more on the creation of resilient ecosystems, which can respond to stress and provide valuable ecosystem services.
Kot je običajno v evropski okoljski politiki, te direktive zagotavljajo potrebno prožnost, da se izvedbeni ukrepi prilagodijo lokalnim razmeram, in sicer ob upoštevanju načel subsidiarnosti in sorazmernosti.
As is customary in European environment policy, these directives afford the necessary flexibility to tailor implementing measures to local circumstances – rightly so, given the subsidiarity and proportionality principles.
Sprejeti je treba ukrepe za preprečevanje razlik med državami članicami, preden postanejo tako velike, da bodo ogrozile učinkovitost direktiv.
Action must certainly be taken to prevent differences between Member States from becoming so great that the effectiveness of the directives suffers as a result.
Med državami članicami na primer še vedno obstajajo velike razlike glede hitrosti izvajanja direktiv in njihove razlage, na primer v zvezi z načelom previdnosti, ki zajema obstoječe dejavnosti in zunanje učinke.
For instance, there are still considerable differences between Member States as to how quickly the directives are implemented, and how they are interpreted, such as with regard to the precautionary principle, dealing with existing activities and external effects.
Biotska raznovrstnost je postopno postala tudi dejavnik na političnih področjih, ki ne sodijo v okvir evropske okoljske politike, čeprav je bila do zdaj pogosto le v skromnem obsegu vključena vanje, na primer v skupno ribiško politiko (ki se zdaj pregleduje), pri čemer so dober primer kmetijsko-okoljski ukrepi in zahteva v okviru skupne kmetijske politike (SKP) za ohranitev zemlje v dobrih kmetijskih in okoljskih pogojih, prav tako pa je bila biotski raznovrstnosti namenjena pozornost v sedmem okvirnem programu za raziskave.
Biodiversity has also gradually become a factor in policy areas other than European environment policy, even though, in many instances, it has been incorporated to what is as yet only a modest degree, such as within the common fisheries policy (currently under review), cases in point being the agri-environment measures and the requirement to keep land in good agricultural and environmental condition under the common agricultural policy (CAP) and the attention given to biodiversity in the 7th Research Framework Programme.
Ker kmetje upravljajo približno polovico evropske zemeljske površine, imajo posebno vlogo pri varstvu biotske raznovrstnosti, pri čemer se srečujejo z velikim izzivom: ker se svetovno prebivalstvo in bogastvo povečujeta, se mora povečevati tudi svetovna kmetijska proizvodnja, kmetijski sektor pa mora zagotoviti kakovost življenja na podeželju in varstvo biotske raznovrstnosti.
As farmers manage about half of the European landmass, they play a special role in safeguarding biodiversity, facing a major challenge in the process: because world population and affluence are increasing, global agricultural production must increase, too, while the farming sector must ensure that there is quality of life in the countryside and that biodiversity is safeguarded.
Za uspešno prihodnjo kmetijsko politiko se morajo ti trije elementi dopolnjevati, ne pa si biti v nasprotju.
Within a successful future agricultural policy, these three components must be complementary and not contradictory.
Evropski proračun za financiranje ukrepov na področju biotske raznovrstnosti in ekosistemov je med drugim zaradi sektorskega pristopa k biotski raznovrstnosti zelo razdrobljen.
As a result inter alia of what is often a sector-based approach to biodiversity, European budget financing of biodiversity and ecosystem measures is highly fragmented, too.
Finančni instrument EU za okolje (LIFE), vzpostavljen leta 1992 v podporo izvajanju okoljske politike Unije, je imel vedno glavno vlogo pri financiranju ohranjanja biotske raznovrstnosti v EU, čeprav predstavlja majhen delež celotnih odhodkov Skupnosti.
The EU Financial Instrument for the Environment (LIFE), established in 1992 to support the implementation of the Union’s environmental policy, has traditionally played a major role in funding biodiversity conservation within the EU, although this constitutes a small proportion of total Community expenditure.
Drugi načini financiranja:
Other paths for funding flows:
- skupna kmetijska politika : večinoma kmetijsko-okoljski ukrepi, ki so med najobsežnejšimi elementi podpore EU za biotsko raznovrstnost (financirani v okviru Evropskega kmetijskega sklada za razvoj podeželja);
- the common agricultural policy : mainly agri-environment measures, which form one of the largest elements of EU support for biodiversity, (financed via the EAFRD);
- skupna ribiška politika : zaščitni ukrepi za morsko okolje (Evropski sklad za ribištvo);
- the common fisheries policy : protection measures for the marine environment (EFF)
- regionalni razvoj in kohezija (strukturni skladi, Kohezijski sklad);
- regional development and cohesion (Structural Funds, Cohesion Fund)
- raziskovalna politika (sedmi okvirni program).
- research policy (7th framework programme)
Na eni strani ima lahko razdrobljeno financiranje pozitivne učinke, saj je mogoče izkoristiti več virov.
On the one hand, fragmented financing may have a positive effect in that a number of sources can be tapped.
Na drugi strani zaradi obveznega sofinanciranja in pristopa „proste izbire“, na primer v podeželski in strukturni politiki, le države članice, ki so se tako zavestno odločile, dejansko uporabljajo ta sredstva za namene biotske raznovrstnosti.
As a result, on the other hand, of mandatory co-financing and a ‘pick and choose’ approach in rural and structural policy, for instance, only Member States making this conscious choice actually use these funds for biodiversity purposes.
Tudi na tem področju obstajajo bistvene razlike med 27 državami članicami.
In this area, too, there are considerable differences between the 27 Member States.
Pred razpravo o novem večletnem finančnem okviru po letu 2013 bo treba poleg javnih virov (subvencij) najti druge mehanizme financiranja, pri čemer bo največji izziv vključiti zunanje stroške v končne cene izdelkov.
Without anticipating the debate on the new post-2013 multiannual financial framework, other funding mechanisms in addition to public sources of financing (subsidies) will have to be found, a significant challenge being to incorporate external costs into final product prices.
Prihodnje pobude
Future initiatives
Nove pobude za zaustavitev izgube biotske raznovrstnosti in degradacije ekosistemov so bile ali bodo predlagane letos, v mednarodnem letu biotske raznovrstnosti.
New initiatives to halt the loss of biodiversity and the degradation of ecosystems have been or will be proposed this year, the International Year of Biodiversity.
Od 18. do 29. oktobra bo v Nagoyi na Japonskem potekala deseta konferenca pogodbenic (COP 10) Konvencije o biološki raznovrstnosti.
From 18-29 October, the tenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP 10) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) will be held in Nagoya, Japan.
Evropska komisija je 19. januarja na evropski ravni predstavila sporočilo „Možnosti za vizijo in cilje EU glede biotske raznovrstnosti po letu 2010“, o katerem zdaj poteka javno posvetovanje.
At the European level the European Commission presented its communication ‘Options for an EU vision and target for biodiversity beyond 2010’ on 19 January, which is currently the subject of public consultation.
Komisija je predstavila naslednje 4 možnosti politike:
The 4 policy options as presented by the Commission include:
1) do leta 2020 občutno zmanjšati stopnjo izgube biotske raznovrstnosti in ekosistemskih storitev v EU;
1) A significant reduction of the rate of loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services in the EU by 2020;
2) do leta 2020 zaustaviti izgubo biotske raznovrstnosti in ekosistemskih storitev v EU;
2) Halting the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services in the EU by 2020;
3) do leta 2020 zaustaviti izgubo biotske raznovrstnosti in ekosistemskih storitev v EU in jih, kolikor je mogoče, obnoviti;
3) Halting the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services in the EU by 2020 and restoring them insofar as possible;
4) do leta 2020 zaustaviti izgubo biotske raznovrstnosti in ekosistemskih storitev v EU, in jih, kolikor je mogoče, obnoviti in povečati prizadevanja EU za zaustavitev svetovne izgube biotske raznovrstnosti.
4) Halting the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services in the EU by 2020 and restoring them insofar as possible, and stepping up the EU’s contribution to averting global biodiversity loss
To sporočilo in rezultat javnega posvetovanja bosta predvidoma že letos sprožila objavo predloga za novo strategijo EU o biotski raznovrstnosti, vključno z zakonodajnimi predlogi.
This communication and the outcome of the public consultation is expected to give rise to the publication of a proposal for a new EU biodiversity strategy, including legislative proposals, before the end of the year.
Poleg tega je bil 15. marca na zasedanju Evropskega sveta za okolje zastavljen nov glavni cilj „do leta 2020 zaustaviti izgubo biotske raznovrstnosti in ekosistemskih storitev v EU, in jih, kolikor je mogoče, obnoviti in povečati prizadevanja EU za zaustavitev svetovne izgube biotske raznovrstnosti.“
Furthermore, the March 15 European Environment Council agreed to a new headline target to ‘halt the loss of biodiversity and the degradation of ecosystem services in the EU by 2020, and restore them in so far as feasible, while stepping up the EU contribution to averting global biodiversity loss.’
o izvajanju zakonodaje EU s področja biotske raznovrstnosti
on the implementation of EU legislation aiming at the conservation of biodiversity
Pripravljavka mnenja: Isabella Lövin
Rapporteur: Isabella Lövin
3. meni, da je zaščita biotske raznovrstnost morij bistvena, saj bodo ekosistemi zaradi tega bolj odporni, kar je v pomoč tudi pri blažitvi vplivov podnebnih sprememb;
Considers that the protection of marine biodiversity is essential, since it leads to increased ecosystem resilience, and thus inter alia helps to alleviate climate change impacts;
6. poudarja, da so poleg direktiv o ohranjanju prosto živečih ptic in habitatov glavno orodje za uresničitev ciljev biotske raznovrstnosti v morskem okolju okvirna direktiva o vodah za obalne vode in okvirna direktiva o morski strategiji 2008/56 za vse morske vode;
States that the major tools for achieving biodiversity objectives in the marine environment, in addition to the Habitats and Wild Birds Directives, are the Water Framework Directive for coastal waters and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive 2008/56 for all marine waters;
8. meni, da dosedanji ukrepi za zmanjšanje in odpravo prilova nedoraslih organizmov, neciljnih vrst rib, morskih sesalcev, želv in ptic v evropskem ribištvu na splošno ne zadostujejo;
Considers that efforts so far to minimise and eliminate by-catch of juveniles, non-target fish species, marine mammals, turtles and birds in European fisheries have as a whole been insufficient;
10. poudarja, da ima ribištvo osnovno gospodarsko in socialno vlogo v obalnem razvoju in okoljsko vlogo v morskih ekosistemih; meni, da skupna ribiška politika držav članic ne sme ovirati pri izpolnjevanju zakonodaje o biotski raznovrstnosti, ampak jim mora to lajšati, zlasti kar zadeva oblikovanje ustreznih zaščitnih ukrepov na morskih območjih Nature 2000;
Stresses the essential role played by fisheries from an economic and social point of view in coastal development and from an environmental point of view in marine ecosystems; considers that the CFP must not hinder but facilitate Member States’ compliance with biodiversity legislation, in particular the establishment of adequate protection measures in marine Natura 2000 sites;
19. poziva Komisijo, naj sprejme čim bolj ambiciozne ukrepe za obnovo biotske raznovrstnosti in naravnih ekosistemov v širšem morskem okolju EU; poleg tega poudarja, da bi lahko prizadevanja za obnovo postala pomemben vir zaposlovanja za obalne skupnosti;
Calls on the Commission to act with the highest level of ambition for the restoration of biodiversity and natural ecosystems within the broader EU marine environment; stresses further that restoration efforts could form a significant source of employment for coastal communities;
Odbor za peticije poziva Odbor za okolje, javno zdravje in varnost hrane, kot pristojni odbor, da v svoj predlog resolucije vključi naslednje pobude:
The Committee on Petitions calls upon the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety, as the committee responsible, to incorporate the following comments, suggestions and recommendations in its motion for a resolution:
4. nujno poziva Evropsko komisijo, naj čimprej objavi napovedano sporočilo o prihodnjem financiranju omrežja Natura 2000, vsekakor pa v letu 2010, da bi do leta ta vidik lahko preučili skupaj z novo strategijo 2020 o biotski raznovrstnosti;
Urges the European Commission to publish the Communication that it has announced on the future financing of Natura 2000 as soon as possible and in any event during 2010 so that this aspect can be examined together with the new biodiversity strategy until 2020;