natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Številni sodniki, zlasti iz „novih“ držav članic (po padajočem vrstnem redu pogostosti: Poljska, Slovenija, Litva, Madžarska), so se dotaknili različnih vidikov v zvezi z akademskim svetom in raziskavami.
Many judges, particularly from "new" Member States (by decreasing order of frequency: Poland, Slovenia, Lithuania, Hungary), touched on several aspects relating to the academic world and research.
Vrhovni sodnik je ugotovil težave pri dostopanju do akademskih del, objavljenih v drugih državah članicah.
A supreme court judge noted the difficulty in accessing academic works published in other Member States.
Nemški finančni sodnik se s tem strinja ter je izrazil svoje mnenje o pomanjkanju čezmejne povezave raziskav na področju zakonodaje Skupnosti.
A financial judge in Germany concurred and commented on the lack of cross-border linkage of research in the field of Community law.
Razen tega so bile knjige o zakonodaji Skupnosti drage in niso bile na voljo širši javnosti.
Furthermore, books on Community law were both expensive and not widely available to the public.
Poljska sodnica je dodala, da njeno sodišče zdaj ne more kupiti teh knjig, ker so predrage.
A Polish judge added that currently, her court could not afford to purchase such books given their price.
Anketiranci odločno menijo, da bi morale biti vse temeljne akademske razlage ali knjige dostopne v jeziku sodnika ne glede na to, koliko govorcev ima ta jezik.
Respondents were strongly of the opinion that any essential academic commentaries or books should be accessible in the language of the judge, however widely spoken that language was.
Eden od sodnikov je zahteval, da Skupnost financira prevode izbranih priznanih publikacij.
One judge called for Community-funded translation of a selection of well-established publications.
Končno, sodnik, ki dela kot svetovalec na kasacijskem sodišču, in sodnik na prvostopenjskem sodišču sta spodbudila nadaljnji razvoj akademske literature na področju zakonodaje Skupnosti.
Finally, both a magistrate acting as an adviser to a court of cassation and a first instance judge encouraged the further development of academic literature in the field of Community law.
Ta je bila na primer nezadostno zastopana v nacionalnih pravnih dnevnikih in pogosto objavljena prepozno.
It was insufficiently represented in national legal journals for instance, and often published too late.
Številni anketiranci so pozvali k rednim glasilom o vprašanjih zakonodaje Skupnosti in sodbah v drugih državah članicah, ki so pomembne za njihovo področje.
A considerable number of respondents called for a regular newsletter on Community law matters, but also on judgments in other Member States relevant to their subject area.
Glavni poudarek je bil namenjen e-poštnim sredstvom, vendar je več sodnikov dalo prednost dokumentom v papirni obliki.
The main focus was on an email-based resource, but several judges expressed a preference for paper versions.
Glasilo je treba pošiljati redno (npr. tri- do štirikrat na leto) v lahki in zgoščeni obliki, predvsem pa mora biti dovolj ciljno usmerjeno in s tem povsem relevantno za državne sodnike.
The newsletter had to be sent regularly (eg. three or four times per year), in a light and compact format, and above all had to be efficiently targeted and thus entirely relevant to national judges.
Nemški sodnik z drugostopenjskega sodišča meni, da bi takšno specializirano glasilo spodbudilo sodnike, da spremljajo posodobljene informacije s svojega določenega področja in se ne ukvarjajo z veliko količino gradiva, ki ni tako pomembno.
One second instance judge in Germany thought that such a specialised newsletter would encourage judges to keep up-to-date in their particular area without having to trawl through a mass of mostly irrelevant material.
Več sodnikov je imelo pripombe zaradi pomanjkanja informacij o sodni praksi v drugih državah članicah, dovolj je le informacij o sodni praksi v njihovi državi članici.
Several judges commented on the lack on information on case-law in Member States other than their own.
Omenili so zamisel o zbirki podatkov o sodbah, ki primerja sodbe ali povzetke sodb nacionalnih sodišč, ki zadevajo zakonodajo Skupnosti.
They mentioned the idea of a judgment database collating judgments or summaries of judgments from national courts concerning Community law.
Vrhovni sodnik je izjavil, da zdaj takšna obsežna zbirka podatkov ne obstaja ter da bi morale biti informacije o tujih sodbah v vsakem primeru brezplačne in dostopne v izvirnem jeziku in angleščini.
A supreme court judge stated that such a comprehensive database was currently lacking and that information on foreign judgments should in any event be free of charge and accessible in the original language and in English.
Drugi predlogi so vključevali mrežo nacionalnih zbirk podatkov in zmogljivost, ki državnim sodnikom iz vseh držav članic omogoča, da svoje sodbe shranijo v evropsko zbirko podatkov.
Other suggestions included a network of national databases, and a facility allowing national judges from all Member States to upload their judgments onto the European database.
Eden od sodnikov je poudaril prizadevanje Mednarodnega združenja sodnikov s področja prava beguncev, katerega zbirka podatkov ima težave zaradi pomanjkanja finančnih sredstev
One judge pointed to the efforts of the International Association of Refugee Law Judges whose database had encountered difficulties due to lack of funding
Podatki so na voljo na strani:
The database is available at:
Končno, nemški sodnik meni, da zbirka podatkov Jurifast , ki je na voljo na spletni strani Združenja državnih svetov in vrhovnega upravnega sodstva Evropske unije
Finally, a German judge considered that the Jurifast database available on the website of the Association of the Councils of State and Supreme Administrative Jurisdictions of the European Union
http://www.juradmin.eu/en/jurisprudence/jurifast/jurifast_en.php . , vsebuje dovolj podatkov o sodbah v drugih državah članicah.
http://www.juradmin.eu/en/jurisprudence/jurifast/jurifast_en.php contained adequate information on judgments in other Member States.
Ta zbirka prav tako zagotavlja dober pregled tekočih postopkov predhodnega odločanja in uporabe postopka predhodnega odločanja na nacionalnih sodiščih.
It also gave a good overview of pending preliminary rulings and the application of preliminary rulings by national courts.
Številni francoski in nemški anketiranci s prvostopenjskih sodišč so pozvali k vključitvi zakonodaje Skupnosti in zadevne sodne prakse v nacionalne kodekse ter priročnike za pravnike in v pripombe glede na to, da je bila do zdaj vanje premalo vključena.
A number of respondents from first instance courts in France and Germany called for the integration of Community legislation and related case-law in national codes and practitioners’ handbooks and commentaries, given that it was so far underrepresented.
Nemški sodnik vrhovnega regionalnega sodišča meni, da se zakonodaja Skupnosti, če bi bila v takšnih referenčnih knjigah vidneje povezana z nacionalno zakonodajo, ne bi obravnavala kot pravni red, ki se povsem razlikuje od nacionalnih predpisov.
A judge from a supreme regional court in Germany was of the opinion that if Community law was more prominently linked to national law in such reference books, then it would not be perceived as a legal order totally distinct from national rules.
Nekaj anketirancev je pozvalo k bolj uporabniku prijaznim iskalnim funkcijam za dostop do zakonodaje in sodb SES.
A few respondents called for more user-friendly search functions to access legislation and ECJ judgments.
V zvezi s tem so navedli različne predloge, vključno z iskanjem po ključnih besedah po sodbah, zaradi česar je iskanje bolj povezano s težavo, in tudi posodobitvijo podobe iskalnikov.
Various suggestions were offered in that respect, including searching by keyword within judgments, making the search more “problem-related”, and modernising the appearance of the search engines.
Končno, eden od anketirancev je predlagal, naj bodo sodbe bolj interaktivne, tako da se bralcem omogoči, da kliknejo na sklic za zadevo pri kateri koli sodbi in se samodejno povežejo s to sodbo, namesto da bi morali izvesti novo iskanje.
Finally, one respondent suggested making judgments more interactive by enabling readers to click on case references in any given judgment and be able to automatically link up to that judgment, rather than having to carry out a new search.
Drug predlog je bil objava starejših mnenj generalnega pravobranilca, ki niso bila vedno na voljo v spletu.
A further suggestion was to consider making available older Advocate General Opinions which were not always available online.
Zagotavljanje, da je zakonodaja Skupnosti vidnejša v nacionalnih medijih, in razlaga, kako ta zakonodaja vpliva na vsakodnevno življenje državljanov EU, sta pomembna za več anketirancev iz Švedske, Cipra in Španije.
Ensuring that Community law was more visible in the national media and explaining how this body of law affects the daily lives of citizens throughout the EU was important for several respondents from Sweden, Cyprus and Spain.
Namesto oblikovanja evropske zbirke podatkov, kot je predlagano v omenjenem oddelku 7(c)( iv ), dva sodnika predlagata boljše vključevanje zakonodaje Skupnosti v iskalnike po znanih in pogosto uporabljenih nacionalnih pravnih zbirkah podatkov, kot je nemški pravni informacijski sistem Juris .
Rather than the creation of a European database as proposed above in section 7(c)( iv ), two judges proposed the better integrate Community law search functions within well-known and often-used national legal databases, such as the German Juris legal information system.
(d) Izboljšave v načinu priprave zakonodaje Skupnosti
(d) Improvements in the way in which Community legislation is made
Velik delež anketirancev (71 %) je predlagal spremembe na ravni Skupnosti, povezane z načinom priprave zakonodaje.
A very large proportion of respondents (71%) proposed changes at Community level related to the way in which laws are made.
V enem od sklopov odgovorov so vztrajali, da morata biti jezik in struktura zakonodaje jasnejša in bolj sistematična.
One series of answers insisted that the language and structure of legislation must be clearer and more systematic.
Želja po večji poenostavitvi, manj dvoumnosti in večji natančnosti v zakonodaji, ki jo je izrazil bolgarski sodnik prvostopenjskega sodišča, je bila značilna za številne tovrstne odgovore.
A wish for greater simplification, less ambiguity and more precision in legislation expressed by a first instance judge from Bulgaria was typical of many of these responses.
Nemški sodnik prvostopenjskega sodišča je predlagal izognitev čezmernemu navzkrižnemu sklicevanju na starejšo zakonodajo.
A German first instance judge proposed avoiding excessive cross-referencing to older legislation.
Francoski sodnik prvostopenjskega sodišča je komentiral, da je kompleksnost aktov in formulacij Skupnosti včasih dosegla „nadrealistične“ ravni, takšna primera sta uredba o sortah rastlin
A French first instance judge commented that the complexity of Community acts and formulations sometimes reached “surrealist” levels, and that the Regulation on Plant Varieties
Dva anketiranca sta menila, da je težko zagotoviti uporabo uredb in zlasti direktiv ratione temporis ter da je ta predstavljena na neuporaben način.
Two respondents commented that the application ratione temporis of Regulations and especially Directives was difficult to ascertain and presented in an unhelpful manner.
Sodnik, ki je specializiran za finančne zadeve, je prav tako priporočal poenostavitev uradnih imen direktiv in uredb, za katere velja, da so slabo prilagojene za sklic v sodbah.
A judge specialised in financial matters also recommended a streamlining of the official names of Directives and Regulations, which were considered ill-suited for reference in judgments.
Druga točka v zvezi z jezikom je bila, da ga je treba dosledneje uporabljati v različnih zakonodajnih instrumentih.
Another point made in relation to language was that it had to be more consistently used across different legislative instruments.
Vendar je nemški sodnik menil, da sta dvoumnost in kompleksnost neizogibna rezultata nepripravljenosti držav članic, da uskladijo svoje pravne sisteme, čeprav v zelo skromnem obsegu.
However, a German judge considered that ambiguity and complexity was an inevitable product of the unwillingness of Member States to harmonise their legal systems, even to a modest extent.
Sodnik s področja patentnega prava s sodišča zadnje stopnje je poudaril dejstvo, da so bile nekatere določbe vstavljene v akte Skupnosti ob koncu.
A last instance patent judge highlighted the fact that certain provisions were inserted into Community acts at the very last minute.
Kljub temu je zakonodajalec Skupnosti moral zagotoviti, da so bili takšni dodatki ob koncu združljivi s pravnim redom ter ustrezajo logičnemu regulativnemu sistemu.
It was nevertheless incumbent on the Community legislator to make sure that such last-minute additions were compatible with the acquis and fitted into a logical regulatory system.
Dolge preambule nekaterih aktov Skupnosti številni sodniki kritizirajo kot površne.
The lengthy preambles of certain Community acts were criticised as superfluous by several judges.
Dva sodnika sta zaradi pravne varnosti in jasnosti pozvala k večji uporabi uredb namesto direktiv.
Two judges called for an increased use of Regulations as opposed to Directives, for reasons of legal certainty and clarity.
Več anketirancev je pozvalo k večji preglednosti Sveta in Parlamenta med zakonodajnim postopkom, kar bi prispevalo k teleološkim razlagam sprejetih aktov.
Several respondents called for more transparency by Council and Parliament during the legislative process so as to help teleological interpretations of acts once adopted.
Končno, eden od sodnikov, ki je kot strokovnjak sodeloval v mreži o skupnem referenčnem okviru na področju evropskega pogodbenega prava, je zaznal potrebo po bolj sistematičnem posvetovanju Komisije s sodstvom, preden predlaga zakonodajne predloge.
Finally, one judge who had been involved as an expert in the network on the Common Frame of Reference in the area of European contract law saw a need for a more systematic consultation of the judiciary by the Commission before it came forward with legislative proposals.
Zamisel o kodificiranju zakonodaje Skupnosti, s čimer se prepreči potreba po sklicevanju na več virov, da se rešijo pravna vprašanja, so precej jasno poudarili francoski in nemški sodniki (22 %).
The idea of codifying Community law, thus avoiding the need to refer to multiple sources in order to solve a legal question was quite prominently referred to by French and German judges (22%).
Številni sodniki so to videli kot del večjega prizadevanja za poenostavitev zakonodaje Skupnosti in zagotovitev boljšega dostopa do informacij.
Many judges saw this as part of a greater effort towards simplifying Community law and ensuring better access to information.
Malo število poljskih sodnikov in finski sodnik (skupno 6 % odgovorov na to temo) želijo boljše prevode pravnih aktov in sodb Skupnosti.
A small number of Polish judges and a Finnish judge (in total, 6% of responses related to this theme) would have liked to see better translations of Community legal acts and judgments.
(e) Izboljšanje znanja tujih jezikov pri sodnikih
(e) Improvements in the foreign language skills of judges
Sodniki iz različnih držav članic, pri čemer so bile močno zastopane nove države članice, so navdušeno podprli učenje jezikov za sodnike.
Judges from a very wide variety of Member States, with “new” Member States strongly represented, were keen to prioritize language training for judges.
Več anketirancev, ki so navedli druge predloge, je to omenilo tudi kot priložen predlog.
A large number of respondents who made other suggestions also mentioned this as an accompanying suggestion.
Slovenski sodnik je menil, da je to absolutno nujno, medtem ko je poljski sodnik menil, da je nezadostno poznavanje tujih jezikov temeljna težava, ki preprečuje napredek na drugih področjih.
Indeed, a Slovenian judge saw this as absolutely urgent, whilst a Polish judge commented that insufficient knowledge of other languages was a fundamental problem preventing progress on other fronts.
Italijanski sodnik je menil, da je znanje jezika predpogoj za neposreden stik med sodniki v različnih državah članicah, kar je osnova za sodno sodelovanje v civilnih in kazenskih zadevah.
An Italian judge commented that knowledge of language was a precondition to direct contact between judges in different Member States which, in turn, was a cornerstone for judicial cooperation in civil and criminal matters.
Nemški sodnik je ta koncept nadgradil, tako da je predlagal zamisel o predlogi, ki kaže znanje tujih jezikov sodnikov na določenem področju, da se olajša čezmejno sodelovanje z uporabo instrumentov, kot je uredba o pridobivanju dokazov.
A German judge built on this concept to suggest the idea of a template indicating the foreign language capacity of all judges in a particular field, to facilitate cross-border cooperation using instruments such as the Regulation on the Taking of Evidence.
Avstrijski sodnik je odprl vprašanje, ali morajo biti jezikovni tečaji obvezni za sodnike ali sodniške pripravnike.
An Austrian judge questioned whether language courses should be made compulsory for judges or trainee-judges.
Vsi anketiranci so se strinjali, v skladu s prejšnjimi odgovori glede usposabljanja na področju zakonodaje, da morajo biti takšni tečaji za udeležence brezplačni.
All respondents agreed, in line with previous answers on legal training, that such courses should be free of charge for participants.
Končno, sodnik iz Združenega kraljestva je posvaril pred jezikovno osamitvijo, vendar je prav tako opozoril na omejene proračune za sodstvo.
Finally, a judge from the United Kingdom warned against linguistic insularity but also recalled the limited budgets on which judiciaries were run.
Za njegovo jezikovno znanje je bilo pokazanega le malo zanimanja in tega vprašanja ni posredoval naprej, ampak je ostal pri domači zakonodaji.
Little interest had been shown in making use of his varied linguistic expertise, and he had not taken matters further, sticking to domestic law.
Najbolj priljubljen odgovor, usmerjen v vlogo nacionalnih organov (42 %), je bila zahteva za boljši prenos in izvajanje zakonodaje Skupnosti na domači ravni.
The most popular answer focusing on the role of national authorities (42%) was the request for better transposition and implementation of Community law at domestic level.
Prenos je moral biti takojšen in popoln.
Transposition had to be prompt and full.
Dva sodnika sta opozorila na nevarnosti „pozlačevanja“, tj. dodajanja dodatnih zahtev v nacionalne ukrepe za prenos, ki niso vključene v izvirno direktivo.
Two judges warned against the dangers of “goldplating”, ie. adding further requirements in the national transposition measures which were not contained in the original Directive.
Več sodnikov, vključno s sodnikom francoskega pritožbenega sodišča, je menilo, da je bistveno, da se objavijo tabele, ki kažejo, kam v nacionalno zakonodajo je bil posamezen del določene direktive vključen.
Several judges, including a French court of appeal judge, considered it essential that tables be published which indicated where each part of any given Directive had been incorporated into national law.
Končno, eden od predlogov je bila zahteva po objavi direktive skupaj z nacionalnim aktom ali instrumentom, ki prenaša direktivo, kar bi povečalo ozaveščenost o izvoru nacionalnega akta.
Finally, one suggestion was to require the publication of the Directive together with the national act or instrument transposing it, which would raise awareness of the source of the national act.
(ii) Boljši pogoji za usposabljanje
(ii) Better conditions for training
Več sodnikov (31 %) je menilo, da je bilo oblikovanje priložnosti za usposabljanje neučinkovito, če so bili sodniki preobremenjeni, da bi našli čas za takšno usposabljanje.
Many judges (31%) noted that creating training opportunities was ineffective if a judge’s workload made it impossible to find time for such training.
Več anketirancev je menilo, da imajo preveč dela in da so v nezavidljivem poklicnem položaju.
Several respondents considered themselves overstretched and in an unenviable situation professionally.
Eden od sodnikov je komentiral, da se usposabljanje glede zakonodaje Skupnosti ni upoštevalo pri napredovanju in imenovanju, kar je sodnike očitno odvračalo od nadaljnjega učenja zakonodaje Skupnosti.
One judge commented that training in Community law was not taken into account for promotions and appointments, and this was a clear disincentive to learn more about Community law.
Nekaj anketiranih sodnikov je menilo, da bi bil specializiran organ, ki bi bil del njihovega nacionalnega pravosodnega ministrstva, idealen za pomoč pri tem.
A small minority of judges considered that a specialised body forming part of their national justice ministry would be ideally placed to assist them.
Sodniki z vseh sodišč bi se lahko obrnili na ta organ za posebna raziskovalna vprašanja ali nujne poizvedbe.
Judges from all courts could turn to this body for particular research questions or urgent queries.
Več švedskih sodnikov s prvostopenjskih sodišč je menilo, da je za vsakega sodnika na določenem sodišču dobra praksa, da spremlja najnovejše dogajanje na določenem področju (vključno z zakonodajo Skupnosti) ter odgovarja na zadevna vprašanja kolegov.
Several Swedish first instance judges considered it good practice for each judge within a given court to keep updated on a particular area (including Community law) and answer related questions from colleagues.
Dodatna zamisel je bila zamisel o sodnih koordinatorjih za evropsko zakonodajo, ki obstajajo na Nizozemskem.
A further idea was that of court coordinators for European law, as introduced in the Netherlands.
Belgijski sodnik je bil navdušen nad zamislijo, da njegova država članica uvozi vlogo sodnika za zveze, da olajša sodelovanje med sodišči pri čezmejnih sporih, na primer v družinskih zadevah, kot to že obstaja v nekaterih državah članicah.
A Belgian judge was keen for his Member State to import the role of liaison judge to facilitate cooperation between courts in cross-border disputes, for example in family matters, as already existing in certain Member States.
Anketiranec s poljskega prvostopenjskega sodišča je spodbudil razvoj e-pravosodja in zlasti boljšo uporabo informacijske tehnologije v sodnem sistemu.
One respondent from a trial court in Poland encouraged the development of “e-Justice” and, in particular, an enhanced use of information technology within the court system.
Več sodnikov prvostopenjskih sodišč je menilo, da si morajo nacionalna vrhovna sodišča nadalje prizadevati za uskladitev svoje sodne prakse s sodno prakso Sodišča, ki je v nekaterih primerih bolje zaščitila potrošnika.
Several first instance judges felt that national supreme courts should make further efforts to align their case-law with that of the Court of Justice which in some instances better protected the consumer.
(e) EU mora „delati manj, toda bolje“
(g) The EU must "do less better"
(i) Manj zakonodaje, več sklicevanja na subsidiarnost
(i) Less legislation, more reference to subsidiarity
Več sodnikov je pozvalo EU, naj pripravi manj zakonodaje, poleg tega je zahtevalo, naj bo SES manj aktivno pri svoji razlagi pogodb in sekundarne zakonodaje.
A large number of judges called for the EU to produce less legislation and for the ECJ to be less activist in its interpretation of the Treaties and secondary law.
Preveč zakonodaje se obravnava tako, kot da je sama po sebi nepravična za državljane, zato se nekaterim sodnikom to zdi zastrašujoče.
Too much law was considered in itself to be “unjust” for citizens, and some judges found this intimidating.
Ključna beseda pri tem je samoomejevanje, zlasti na zakonodajni ravni prek strožje uporabe načela subsidiarnosti.
Self-restraint was the keyword here, particularly at legislative level through a stricter application of the principle of subsidiarity.