natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
16. poudarja, da nizke obrestne mere koristijo naložbam in obnovi; se zaveda vpliva ukrepov intenzivnega zadolževanja države na obrestne mere; globoko obžaluje, da je to povzročilo razpone obrestnih mer v EU; opozarja države članice, da upoštevajo posledice svojih proračunskih odločitev o obrestnih merah na trgu; meni, da so zdrave javne finance predpogoj za varna delovna mesta; poudarja, da države z višanjem stroškov zadolževanja povečujejo tudi breme za svoje proračune;
Points out that low interest rates are conducive to investment and the recovery; is aware of the effects of a government's intense borrowing activities on interest levels; deeply deplores the fact that this has led to increased interest-rate spreads within the EU; warns Member States to take into account the effects of their budgetary decisions on market interest rates; is of the opinion that sound public finances are a prerequisite for secure jobs; points out that by driving up the cost of borrowing, governments also increase the burden on their own budgets;
18. poziva k izvajanju strukturnih reform hkrati s sproščanjem paketov pomoči za preprečevanje prihodnjih kriz in tudi za povečanje konkurenčnosti evropskih podjetij, doseganje večje rasti in spodbujanje zaposlovanja;
Calls for structural reforms to be carried out in parallel to the unwinding of the aid packages in order to prevent future crises, increase the competitiveness of European businesses, achieve more growth and boost employment;
19 zaradi potrebe po dosegu zdravih javnih financ poudarja, da morajo vse države članice najpozneje leta 2011 začeti zmanjševati vrzel v vzdržnosti za 1% BDP na leto;
19 Emphasises, in the context of the need to achieve sound public finances, that in 2011 at the latest all Member States should start to reduce their sustainability gap by 1% of GDP yearly;
21. poudarja poseben pomen podpornih ukrepov za zaposlovanje in dolgoročna vlaganja, namenjenih za povečanje potenciala gospodarske rasti in krepitev konkurenčnosti evropskega gospodarstva;
Points to the special importance of measures to promote employment and long-term investments aimed at increasing the potential for economic growth and bolstering the competitiveness of the European economy;
32. poudarja, da so se sistemi socialne varnosti kot mehanizmi za blažitev socialne stiske v času krize izkazali za zelo učinkovite; poudarja, da so stabilne javne finance predpogoj za zagotovilo, da bodo take tudi v prihodnje;
Emphasises that the role of social protection systems as ‘social safety nets’ has proven particularly effective in times of crisis; underlines that stable public finances are a precondition for ensuring that this is also the case in the future;
Komisiji zlasti predlaga, naj oceni učinke, ki jih imajo davčni odhodki držav članic na oživitev njihovega gospodarstva na proizvodnjo, državne račune ter v zvezi s pospeševanjem in varovanjem zaposlovanja tako kratko- kot dolgoročno;
Suggests, in particular, that the Commission assess the effects of the fiscal spending deployed by the Member States in order to kick-start their economies, in terms of its impact on production, on government accounts and in stimulating and protecting employment, both in the short and long term;
47. poziva Komisijo, da zmanjšanje dolgoročnih vrzeli v vzdržnosti javnih financ obravnava kot bistveni del strategije EU 2020;
Calls on the Commission to consider the reduction of long-term sustainability gaps in public finances as an essential part of the EU 2020 strategy;
Socialni in zaposlitveni vidik strategije za izhod iz krize
The social and employment dimension of the crisis exit strategy
54. poudarja, da je sedanje okrevanje gospodarstva še vedno negotovo, v večini držav članic pa brezposelnost še vedno narašča, kar občutijo predvsem mladi; je trdno prepričan, da konca gospodarske krize ni možno oznaniti, dokler se brezposelnost bistveno in trajno ne zmanjša, ter poudarja dejstvo, da so evropske socialne države pokazale svojo pomembnost pri zagotavljanju stabilnosti in pomoči pri okrevanju;
Emphasises that the current recovery is still fragile and that unemployment is continuing to rise in most Member States, with young people especially hard hit; firmly believes that no end can be announced to the economic crisis until unemployment falls substantially and sustainably and highlights the fact that the European welfare states have demonstrated their value in providing stability and contributing to the recovery;
57. ugotavlja, da bo predvideno staranje prebivalstva v prihodnjih desetletjih za države EU izziv brez primere; zato meni, da protikrizni ukrepi načeloma ne bi smeli povzročati dolgoročnih posledic za javne finance in preobremeniti prihodnjih generacij z odplačevanjem sedanjih dolgov;
Notes that the population ageing forecast in the coming decades poses an unprecedented challenge for the EU countries; takes the view, therefore, that the anti-crisis measures should not, in principle, have long-term consequences for public finances and overburden future generations with the repayment of current debts;
Posledice demografskih sprememb in strategija zaposlovanja
The impact of demographic change and the employment strategy
60. izpostavlja, da je večja stopnja zaposlenosti bistvenega pomena za EU pri obvladovanju staranja prebivalstva, in poudarja, da je visoka udeležba na trgu dela pogoj za gospodarsko rast, družbeno vključenost ter trajnostno in konkurenčno tržno gospodarstvo;
Stresses that increased levels of employment are essential if the EU is to cope with an ageing population, and emphasises that high labour market participation is a precondition for economic growth, social integration and a sustainable and competitive social market economy;
Trajnost sistemov socialnega varstva
The sustainability of social protection systems
63. poudarja, da dolgoročna uravnoteženost obveznih sistemov pokojninskega zavarovanja ni odvisna samo od demografskih sprememb, temveč tudi od produktivnosti zaposlenih, ki vplivajo na potencialno stopnjo rasti, kot tudi na delež BDP, namenjen financiranju teh sistemov;
Points out that the long-term equilibrium of statutory pension schemes depends not only on population developments, but also on the productivity of those in work, which influences the potential growth rate, as well as on the proportion of GDP reserved for financing those schemes;
65. poudarja, da so implicitne pokojninske obveznosti na dolgi rok največji del vsega javnega dolga in da morajo države članice redno objavljati podatke o svojih implicitnih pokojninskih obveznostih na podlagi skupno dogovorjene metodologije;
Emphasises that, in the long term, implicit pension liabilities make up one of the largest parts of the total public debt, and that the Member States should regularly publish information on their implicit pension liabilities, following the commonly agreed methodology;
Usklajevanje konjukturnih politik in strukturnih reform
Coordinating counter-cyclical policies and structural reforms
Izvajanje proračunske politike je bistveni del gospodarske politike držav članic.
The implementation of budgetary policy is a key component of the Member States’ economic policies.
Pakt stabilnosti in rasti omejuje njihovo svobodo, da bi vodile diskrecijsko politiko.
The Stability and Growth Pact limits their freedom to pursue discretionary policies.
V spremenjenem paktu iz leta 2005 so opredeljene izredne okoliščine, v katerih so te omejitve lahko začasno prekoračene, da bi omogočili delovanje samodejnih stabilizatorjev.
The 2005 revised pact sets out exceptional circumstances in which those limits may temporarily be overstepped in order to allow automatic stabilisers to function.
Treba je opredeliti kazalnike „okrevajočega gospodarstva“, da bi lahko natančno določili, kdaj je treba začeti izvajati izhodne ukrepe.
Indicators of a ‘recovering economy’ must now be identified in order to determine the exact point at which exit measures should be deployed.
Ekonomisti soglašajo, da je gospodarstvo s polno zaposlenostjo gospodarstvo, kjer so proizvodne zmogljivosti zasičene.
Economists agree that an economy with full employment is one in which production capacity is saturated.
To stanje nastopi, ko je oprema izkoriščena več kot 85 %.
In practice, this situation arises when the rate of utilisation of capital resources exceeds 85%.
Zato so pod določenim pragom rasti potrebni ukrepi za proračunske in monetarne spodbude.
Budgetary and monetary stimulus measures may therefore be deemed necessary below a certain growth rate.
Kar zadeva gospodarske razmere v Evropski uniji, sta bila za leto 2009 značilna upad proizvodnje in zelo nizka izkoriščenost proizvodnih zmogljivosti, ki je v povprečju znašala 71 %.
As far as the economic situation in the European Union is concerned, 2009 saw a drop in production and very low production capacity utilisation rates (71% on average).
Okrevanje gospodarstva je toliko bolj negotovo, ker temelji na obnovitvi zalog v podjetjih in rahlem porastu izvoza.
The recovery is particularly fragile in that it is based on firms’ rebuilding of stocks and a slight upturn in exports.
V večini držav EU potrošnja stagnira, vlaganj pa je malo zaradi upada naročil.
In most of the Member States, consumption is stagnating and investment remains low as a result of the drop in orders.
Vse to zmanjšuje potencial rasti evropskega gospodarstva.
This is reducing European economies’ growth potential.
Komisija bi lahko oblikovala preprosto pravilo, na podlagi katerega bi lahko določili, kdaj je treba okrepiti politiko izhoda.
The Commission could consequently apply a simple rule in order to determine the point at which exit strategies should be stepped up.
Vse dokler je izkoriščenost proizvodnih zmogljivosti manjša od normalne stopnje, je treba ohraniti nekonvencionalne ukrepe.
As long as production capacity utilisation rates are lower than normal, non-conventional measures should be maintained.
Ko pa gospodarstvo to stopnjo doseže, se lahko priporočijo ukrepi za ponovno vzpostavitev proračunskega ravnovesja (kot na primer prerazporeditev presežkov osnovnega proračuna za odplačilo dolga).
As soon as the economy reaches this point, measures aimed at ensuring a return to budgetary balance (such as using primary budget surpluses for debt repayment) may be recommended.
Iskanje merila vzdržnosti javnih financ
Towards a sustainability criterion for public finances
Komisija v svojem sporočilu priznava potrebo po ohranitvi nekonvencionalnih ukrepov, vse dokler gospodarstvo ne okreva, in postavlja vprašanje dolgoročne vzdržnosti javnih financ.
The Commission communication acknowledges the need to maintain non-conventional measures until the economy has recovered, and raises the issue of the long-term sustainability of public finances.
Vendar kot je poudarjeno v sporočilu in poročilu ne obstaja jasna opredelitev pojma „vzdržno zadolževanje“
Even so, as the communication and its companion report emphasise, ‘there is no one clear-cut definition of a sustainable fiscal position’
Delovni dokument, ki spremlja sporočilo Komisije Evropskemu parlamentu in Svetu o dolgoročni vzdržnosti javnih financ za okrevajoče gospodarstvo z dne 14. oktobra 2009. in da zgornja meja vzdržnih ravni zadolževanja prav tako ni opredeljena.
Companion report to the Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on the Long-term Sustainability of Public Finances for a Recovering Economy, 14 October 2009. and ‘there is no defined upper limit to sustainable debt levels.
Meje vzdržnosti se razlikujejo glede na državo in obdobje
Limits to sustainability differ across countries and time.’
Sporočilo Komisije Evropskemu parlamentu in Svetu o dolgoročni vzdržnosti javnih financ za okrevajoče gospodarstvo z dne 14. oktobra 2009. .
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on the Long-term Sustainability of Public Finances for a Recovering Economy, 14 October 2009 .
Komisija vseeno poskuša predlagati trajnostno merilo, da dolg ne bi izčrpal zmožnosti vlade za zagotavljanje potrebnih javnih storitev (...) ter prilagajanje svoje politike novim izzivom.
The Commission nevertheless attempts to suggest a sustainability criterion such that debt does not sap ‘the government’s capacity to deliver the necessary public services (...) and ability to adjust policy in response to new challenges’.
Zaskrbljena je zaradi negativnega vpliva staranja prebivalstva na potencial rasti in javne primanjkljaje ter zaradi povečevanja deleža socialnih izdatkov.
It is concerned about the adverse impact on growth potential and government deficits of population ageing and the rise in welfare spending.
Komisija v svojem sporočilu poskuša za obdobje do leta 2060 opredeliti gibanje deleža odhodkov in davkov, za katerega se bodo morale države EU obvezati, da bo javni dolg v tem obdobju ostal pod sprejemljivo mejo 60 % BDP.
The Commission communication attempts to establish the likely trajectory between now and 2060 in terms of the proportion of expenditure and taxes that the EU Member States will have to commit in order to keep government debt below the acceptable limit of 60% of GDP throughout that period.
Napovedi v sporočilu Komisije temeljijo na predvidevanjih, ki se bodo v tako dolgem obdobju zagotovo spremenila.
The projections underpinning the Commission communication are based on assumptions that will inevitably change over a lengthy period of time.
Dolgoročna stopnja rasti je odvisna od naložbenih odločitev podjetij za zaporedna kratkoročna obdobja, te pa so odvisne od gospodarskih razmer in diskrecijske politike oblasti.
The long-term growth rate is affected by a succession of short-term business investment decisions, which themselves depend on the economic situation and the discretionary policies pursued by the authorities.
Dobra makroekonomska politika bi morala povečati potencialno stopnjo rasti in omiliti obveznosti financiranja sistemov socialne varnosti.
Good macroeconomic policies are likely to increase the potential growth rate and relax constraints on financing social protection systems.
Poleg tega so demografske spremembe odvisne od gibanja rodnosti in migracijskih tokov.
In addition, population trends depend on fluctuations in fertility rates and migration flows.
Obveznosti financiranja socialnih izdatkov so odvisne tudi od družbenega povpraševanja po javnih dobrinah in od stopnje sprejemljivosti obveznih prispevkov.
Lastly, the constraints on financing welfare spending depend on society’s demand for public goods and the degree to which compulsory contributions are acceptable.
Takšnega povpraševanja je v nekaterih državah članicah veliko in v preteklosti ni nujno zaviralo njihove gospodarske dinamike.
Such demand is considerable in some Member States, and has not necessarily sapped their economic dynamism in the past.
Danes se priznava učinkovitost mehanizmov za blažitev socialne stiske v okviru evropskega socialnega sistema, zlasti v obdobju krize.
The effectiveness of the ‘social safety nets’ associated with the European social model is now acknowledged, and they are particularly useful in times of crisis.
Poleg tega jih je mogoče še naprej razvijati in posodabljati na podlagi ponovne opredelitve njihovega obsega in finančne osnove.
For that matter, they could be extended and updated by redefining their scope and financing base.
Ravno pri tem zaporedju kratkoročnih odločitev je treba postaviti vprašanje javnega dolga.
It is in the context of this succession of short-term decisions that the issue of government debt must be raised.
Primanjkljaji so zaželeni, kadar obstaja neravnovesje med prihranki in naložbami.
Deficits are desirable where there is an imbalance between savings and investment.
Javna politika mora v takih primerih črpati razpoložljive prihranke prek posojil, da bi financirala investicijske izdatke.
In such cases, public policy must tap available savings by means of borrowing, in order to finance investment expenditure.
Za ponovno oživitev vlaganj je proračunska politika zaželena v državah članicah, ki jih pesti prekomerno varčevanje.
In order to kick-start investment, budgetary policy is desirable in those Member States beset by excess saving.
Primanjkljaji so vzdržni, vse dokler njihovo financiranje ne ustvarja pritiska na obrestne mere državnih posojil in ne povzroči prenosa nevzdržnega davčnega bremena na davkoplačevalce.
Deficits are sustainable as long as financing them does not put pressure on interest rates on government borrowing or entail the transfer to taxpayers of an intolerably large debt burden.
Davčno breme se povečuje, kadar so realne obrestne mere višje od stopnje gospodarske rasti.
The debt burden rises when real interest rates exceed the economic growth rate.
Zato je obrestna mera, kadar je nizka, glavno merilo za merjenje vzdržnosti kratkoročnega zadolževanja.
Accordingly, when interest rates are low, they are the main criterion for measuring the sustainability of short-term debt.
Kreditna sposobnost držav članic je med drugim odvisna od ravnanja bonitetnih agencij.
The Member States’ borrowing capacity also depends on the attitude of credit-ratings agencies.
Nedavne izkušnje kažejo, da so nagnjene k podcenjevanju ali precenjevanju tveganj.
Recent experience shows that such agencies may under- or over-estimate risks.
Bonitetno oceno AAA podelijo le, če so države, ki najemajo posojila, plačilno sposobne.
They will grant an AAA rating only if the state contracting the debt is solvent.
Države prejmejo višjo bonitetno oceno, če dolg uporabijo za financiranje primanjkljajev, ki spodbujajo rast in prihodnje davčne prihodke.
A state will receive a higher rating if its debt is used to finance deficits that stimulate growth and future tax revenue.
Zato je pomembno, da Komisija izvede študije, na podlagi katerih bo mogoče oceniti kakovost dolgov, in kaznuje države članice, ki bi poskušale preceniti svojo predvideno rast, da bi skrivaj ustvarile recesijske primanjkljaje.
Accordingly, it is important for the Commission to carry out studies that will afford a basis for assessing the quality of the Member States’ debts, and to sanction any Member State that may be tempted to overestimate its growth in order to build up a recessionary deficit on the sly.
Opredelitev dobrega in slabega zadolževanja
Identifying good and bad debt
Države članice so se v skladu s priporočili Komisije po uvedbi eura obvezale, da bodo zmanjšale upravne odhodke in reformirale svoje pokojninske sisteme.
Following the Commission’s recommendations, when the euro was introduced the Member States undertook to reduce their administrative expenditure and reform their pension systems.
Z nastopom krize leta 2009 so se primanjkljaji in zadolženost vseh držav članic občutno povišali.
The crisis has meant that all the Member States saw their deficits and indebtedness increase significantly in 2009.
Primanjkljaji se niso povišali le zaradi izvajanja ukrepov za oživitev gospodarstva.
The deployment of recovery measures is not the sole reason for their increased deficits.
Glavni razlog je samodejno upadanje davčnih prihodkov, drugi razlog pa je učinkovitost proračunskih politik, ki se meri glede na to, ali so te uresničile zadane cilje.
One cause is the automatic downturn in tax revenue, and another is the effectiveness of budgetary policies, as measured on the basis of whether they have achieved the objectives set.
Z velikim primanjkljajem je mogoče financirati gospodarsko rast, ki je vir davčnih prihodkov in spodbuja ponovno vzpostavitev ravnotežja.
A large deficit can finance economic expansion, generating tax revenue and promoting a return to budgetary equilibrium.
Takšna je logika nekonvencionalnih spodbud, ki jih predlaga Komisija.
This is the rationale for the ‘non-conventional’ stimuli recommended by the Commission.
Po drugi strani lahko slabo ocenjene davčne spodbude zanemarljivo vplivajo na rast.
On the other hand, poorly calibrated tax incentives may have a minimal effect on growth.
Ti davčni odhodki še bolj poglabljajo javni dolg in ustvarjajo recesijske primanjkljaje.
At the same time, such tax expenditure further increases public debt, leading to reces sionary deficits .
Slabo zadolževanje obremenjuje gospodinjstva, ki ne morejo varčevati in odplačujejo dolg, ne da bi prejemala njegove obresti.
The burden of bad debt weighs on households with no propensity to save, which service the debt without any return.
Ker primanjkljaji obremenjujejo predvsem gospodinjstva, ki jih je kriza najbolj prizadela, je treba nujno opredeliti recesijske primanjkljaje in jih nevtralizirati.
Given that deficits weigh most heavily on those households worst hit by the crisis, recessionary deficits must be identified and neutralised as a matter of urgency.
Kako upoštevati pakt stabilnosti?
What about the Stability Pact ?
Pri oblikovanju Maastrichtske pogodbe so bili opredeljeni dovoljeni primanjkljaji in stopnje zadolženosti ter njihovo povprečje v državah evropskega monetarnega sistema.
When the Maastricht Treaty was drafted, the permissible deficit and debt levels were determined by calculating the average deficit and indebtedness of the countries in the European Monetary System.
Pri reviziji pakta stabilnosti leta 2005 so bili implicitno sprejeta načela proticiklične makroekonomske politike.
The 2005 revised Stability Pact amounts to the implicit adoption of the principles underpinning a counter-cyclical macroeconomic policy.
Takšna načela se zdijo zlasti ustrezna za zagotovitev dolgoročne vzdržnosti javnih financ.
Such principles seem particularly appropriate when it comes to ensuring the long-term sustainability of public finances.
Komisija bi to pravilo proticikličnega upravljanja lahko izrecno potrdila.
The Commission could explicitly enshrine the rule of counter-cyclical management.
Pri tem bi morala zagotoviti, da bi bila njena priporočila skladna s tem načelom, in paziti, da ne bi določila prekratkih rokov za ponovno vzpostavitev ravnotežja.
It should then make sure its recommendations are compatible with that principle, by avoiding setting overly short deadlines for a return to budgetary equilibrium.
Pri merilih za merjenje dolgoročne vzdržnosti javnih financ je kazalnik strukturnega primanjkljaja še posebej primeren za dolgoročno oceno, ker meri stanje javnih financ neodvisno od cikličnih učinkov.
As regards criteria for measuring the long-term sustainability of public finances, the structural deficit indicator is particularly suitable for a long-term assessment in that it measures the state of public finances irrespective of cyclical effects.
Pripravljavec mnenja(*): Sergio Gaetano Cofferati
Rapporteur (*): Sergio Gaetano Cofferati
(*) Postopek s pridruženim odborom – člen 50 poslovnika
(*) Associated committee – Rule 50 of the Rules of Procedure
2. poudarja, da je sedanje okrevanje gospodarstva še vedno negotovo, v večini držav članic pa brezposelnost še vedno narašča, kar občutijo predvsem mladi; je trdno prepričan, da konca gospodarske krize ni možno oznaniti, dokler se brezposelnost bistveno in trajno ne zmanjša, ter poudarja dejstvo, da so evropske socialne države pokazale svojo pomembnost pri zagotavljanju stabilnosti in pomoči pri okrevanju;
Underlines that the current recovery is still fragile and that unemployment is continuing to rise in most Member States, with young people especially hard hit; firmly believes that no end can be announced to the economic crisis until unemployment falls substantially and sustainably and highlights the fact that the European welfare states have demonstrated their value in providing stability and contributing to the recovery;
5. ugotavlja, da bo predvideno staranje prebivalstva v prihodnjih desetletjih za države EU izziv brez primere; protikrizni ukrepi tako načeloma ne bi smeli povzročiti dolgoročnih posledic za javne finance in preobremeniti prihodnjih generacij z odplačevanjem sedanjih dolgov;
Notes that the population ageing foreseen in the coming decades poses an unprecedented challenge for the EU countries; therefore the anti-crisis measures should not, in principle, cause long-term consequences for public finances and overburden future generations with repayment of the current debts;