natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Trenutno je v Nemčiji, Franciji, na Nizozemskem, v Veliki Britaniji in v Skandinaviji med 70 in 90 % maloprodaje sadja in zelenjave v rokah veleblagovnic.
At present, between 70 and 90% of the retail trade in fruit and vegetables is already in the hands of superstores in Germany, France, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the Scandinavian countries.
Čeprav je odstotek v državah južne Evrope nižji, se je tudi tam v zadnjih letih razvoj široke distribucije močno povečal.
Even though the percentages are lower in southern Europe, there has been a similar rapid development in the past few years.
Kljub poznejši uvedbi v drugi polovici devetdesetih let se enako dogaja v novih državah članicah.
Despite being relatively recent, the same scenario has been developing in the new Member States since the second half of the 1990s.
Rezultat je vedno večja izključenost iz grosistične prodaje, ki postaja drugorazredni posrednik, izguba tržnega deleža majhnih in tradicionalnih prodajnih mest in nenehen pritisk na organizacije proizvajalcev, da spoštujejo stroge dobavne pogodbe, ne da bi jim bile zagotovljene cene, s katerimi bi lahko krili naraščajoče stroške proizvodnje.
The result has been the gradual exclusion of the wholesale sector, which is becoming a second-class intermediary, a growing loss of market share for small traditional outlets and, finally, incessant pressure on producer organisations to subject themselves to strict supply contracts without being guaranteed prices that will enable them to cover rising production costs in return.
Zaradi kupne moči široka distribucija uspeva tudi pri preoblikovanju trenutnih trgovskih praks zaradi naročil velikih količin, točnosti pri rokih dostave, stalnimi, vnaprej določenimi standardi kvalitete, ogromno in diferencirano paleto izdelkov z vedno obsežnejšimi tržnimi obdobji in zagotavljanjem široke vrste dodatnih storitev.
Thanks to its purchasing power, large-scale distribution is also succeeding in changing standard commercial practices with its demands for large volumes, punctual deliveries, constant predetermined quality standards, a vast and highly differentiated range of products with increasingly broad marketing calendars and, finally, guaranteed supply of a whole series of related services.
Za veleblagovnice imata sadje in zelenjava velik pomen, saj omogočata uporabo strategij diferenciacije in na ta način uravnavanje pogostosti obiskov prodajnih mest.
Fruit and vegetables are very important products for superstores since they enable them to apply their differentiation strategies and thereby regulate the frequency of visits to their outlets.
Pri tem moramo poudariti različno oblikovanje cen proizvajalcev in porabniških cen .
In this context, attention should be drawn to the different trends in producer prices and consumer prices .
Načeloma so cene sadja in zelenjave določene glede na tržne tečaje in so na koncu odvisne od ravnotežja med ponudbo in povpraševanjem.
In principle, fruit and vegetable prices are set by market rates and depend on the balance between supply and demand.
To je razlog za veliko nestabilnost, odvisnost od trenutnih podnebnih razmer, od konkurence ali prekrivanja med proizvodi, od prisotnosti zunanjih pridelkov in tudi promocijskih tržnih akcij, za katere se odločijo distribucijske verige.
This is the reason for their great instability, depending on climatic conditions at the time, competition or overlapping between products, the presence of outside produce and even marketing promotion campaigns launched by distribution chains.
Po drugi strani pa cene kmetijskih proizvodov predstavljajo vedno manjši delež celotnih stroškov proizvodnje končnih proizvodov, danih v prodajo.
The prices of agricultural products represent an increasingly small share of the total production costs of the final food put on sale.
Vedno višji so stroški predelave, trženja in distribucije, kar dodatno pojasnjuje šibko povezavo na agregirani ravni.
Processing, marketing and distribution costs are growing in importance, which helps to explain the low degree of correlation observed at aggregate level.
Vedno višje maloprodajne cene sadja in zelenjave krepijo njihov sloves dragih živil, zato se v primeru padca družinske kupne moči vedno redkeje nahajajo med izdelki v nakupovalni košarici.
Clearly, the fact that the retail prices of fruit and vegetables are increasingly high strengthens their image as expensive food, and consequently it is these products in the shopping basket that show a clear decline following a drop in family purchasing power.
To se kaže predvsem na zrelejših nacionalnih trgih in se na primer ne dogaja v novih državah članicah, kjer se zaradi nižjih izhodiščnih količin porabe sadja in zelenjave kaže nenehen porast v povpraševanju in menjavi (še posebej pri proizvodih, kot so agrumi, kjer ni lastne proizvodnje).
At all events this development can be seen in the more mature national markets, although it is not seen in the markets of the new Member States, for example, where, since the starting point for fruit and vegetable consumption was lower, there is a constant growth in demand and in trade (particularly for products such as citrus fruits which are not produced locally).
Predlog reforme skupne trgovinske ureditve za sadje in zelenjavo ter mnenje poročevalke
The proposal for reforming the CMO for fruit and vegetables and the rapporteur’s views
Evropski parlament je imel priložnost sprejeti dve resoluciji o sektorju sadja in zelenjave na podlagi ustreznih poročil Komisije Svetu in Evropskemu parlamentu
Parliament recently had an opportunity to adopt two resolutions on the fruit and vegetable sector based on the corresponding reports from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament
KOM(2004) 549 z dne 10. avgusta 2004 in KOM (2006) 345 z dne 28.6.2006. : prva z dne 3. maja 2005 o poenostavitvi skupne ureditve trga sadja in zelenjave
COM(2004) 549, 10.8.2004 and COM(2006) 345, 28.6.2006. : the first on 3 May 2005 concerning the simplification of the common organisation of the market in fruit and vegetables
Resolucija P6_TA(2005)0714 z dne 3.5.2005 na podlagi samoiniciativnega poročila 2004/2193/INI / A6-0121/2005 . in druga z dne 12. oktobra 2006 o stanju v sektorju drobnega sadja ter češenj in višenj, namenjenih predelavi
Resolution P6_TA(2005)0714 of 3.5.2005 based on the own-initiative report 2004/2193/INI/ A6-0121/2005 . , and the second on 12 October 2006 on the situation with regard to soft fruits and cherries intended for processing
Resolucija P6_TA-PROV(2006)0420 z dne 12.10.2006 na podlagi samoiniciativnega poročila 2004/2193/INI. .
Resolution P6_TA-PROV(2006)0420 of 12.10.2006 based on the own-initiative report 2004/2193/INI. .
Kljub temu pa je zakonodajni predlog Komisije mnogo več kot samo poenostavitev skupne ureditve trga, kot se je zdelo na začetku:
However, the Commission’s legislative proposal is far from being a mere simplification of the CMO as it first appeared.
‑ ureditev organizacij proizvajalcev je bolj prožna in okrepljena ter jih uvršča v samo jedro nove skupne ureditve trga, tako na ravni upravljanja oskrbe kot na ravni trgovske promocije.
- It makes the arrangements for producer organisations (POs) stronger and more flexible, placing them at the core of the new CMO as regards both the management of supply and commercial promotion.
V tem kontekstu se nanje prenese vsa odgovornost pri prihodnjem uravnavanju trgov z možnostjo vključevanja novih instrumentov za obvladovanje kriz znotraj operativnih programov.
In this context, all responsibility for the future market regulation is transferred to producer organisations, with the possibility of including new crisis management instruments in their operational programmes.
‑ vključuje vse obstoječe oblike pomoči za predelane proizvode v shemi enotnih plačil , obenem pa odpira možnost, da se površine, namenjene pridelovanju sadja in zelenjave, obravnavajo kot upravičene do pomoči, zato se lahko zanje tudi uveljavlja pravica do nje.
- It integrates all existing aid for processing into the single payment scheme , at the same time opening the door for areas planted with fruit and vegetables to be considered eligible, thereby making it possible to opt for the activation of payment entitlements.
‑ z uvedbo enotnih plačil se okrepi okoljski vidik skupne ureditve trga, ki omogoča uporabo pravil navzkrižne skladnosti in okrepitev kmetijsko-okoljskih akcij v operativnih načrtih.
- The environmental component of the CMO is strengthened through the introduction of single payments, which will make it possible to apply cross-compliance rules and strengthen agri-environmental measures as part of the operational plans.
‑ predvideni so tudi ukrepi za spodbujanje uživanja sadja in zelenjave, še posebej za otroke in najstnike, s katerimi bi izboljšali prehranjevalne navade in upoštevali prehranska priporočila Svetovne znanstvene organizacije, da bi zmanjšali tveganje za nastanek kroničnih bolezni.
- Finally, action will be taken to promote the consumption of fruit and vegetables, targeting children and adolescents in particular, with the aim of improving consumption habits and meeting the WHO’s nutritional recommendations with a view to reducing the risk of chronic diseases.
Nova skupna ureditev trga temelji tudi na štirih načelih : a) proračunska nevtralnost v povezavi s preteklostjo, kar pomeni, da se (nizke) ravni obstoječega financiranja praktično ne izboljšajo; b) največja možna prožnost ali subsidiarnost pri upravljanju, kjer imajo posamezne države končno odločitev glede dolge vrste vprašanj, da na ta način nov okvir pomoči lahko prilagodijo svojim strukturnim posebnostim; c) vključitev novih držav članic , ki bi omogočala posebno prilagoditev ukrepov njihovim proizvodnim razmeram; d) čeprav se zunanja komponenta skupne ureditve trga ne spremeni, se z zmanjšanjem dejavnosti oranžnega paketa na račun dejavnosti zelenega paketa v poglavju o notranji pomoči in s popolno ukinitvijo nadomestil (ki so že močno zmanjšana) v poglavju o spodbujanju izvoza okrepi pogajalsko izhodišče EU za trenutna pogajanja z STO.
The new CMO is further based on four principles : (a) budgetary neutrality in relation to the past, which means virtually no improvement to the existing (low) funding levels; (b) maximum flexibility or subsidiarity in management, with the final decision on a raft of questions being left to the Member States so that the new support framework can be adapted to their specific structural circumstances; (c) integration of the new Member States , enabling measures to be specifically adapted to their production conditions; and (d) even though the external component of the CMO is not being changed, the EU’s negotiating position is being strengthened with a view to the WTO negotiations now underway, with a marked reduction in Amber Box activities in favour of the Green Box in the internal support chapter, and the complete abolition of refunds (already much reduced) in the export promotion chapter.
Poročevalka meni, da predlog predstavlja sprejemljivo delovno osnovo , ki jo v nekaterih pogledih seveda lahko popravimo in izboljšamo .
The rapporteur takes the view that the proposal provides an acceptable basis on which to work that might nevertheless be corrected and improved in certain respects.
V tem smislu so bila dodelana nekatera glavna načela in vloženi so bili številni predlogi sprememb k zakonodajnemu besedilu.
With this in mind, some of the general principles have been fine-tuned and a number of amendments have been tabled to the legislative text.
Ker so obrazloženi že v pripadajočih obrazložitvah, je dovolj izpostaviti glavne predlagane spremembe :
Given that they are explained in the justifications, it is sufficient here to outline the main drift of the proposed amendments :
a) O proračunski nevtralnosti.
(a) a s regards budgetary neutrality .
Proračun skupne tržne ureditve se poveča za 20 milijonov EUR na leto z uvedbo posebne pomoči na površino za češnje in drobno sadje v skladu z resolucijo Parlamenta z dne 12. oktobra 2006.
The CMO is increased slightly by EUR 20 million per year by incorporating a specific area payment for cherries and soft fruit in line with Parliament’s resolution of 12 October 2006.
Poročevalka meni, da je to povečanje popolnoma upravičeno, saj ima sektor sadja in zelenjave zelo nizke ravni financiranja v primerjavi z njegovo proizvodno vrednostjo.
The rapporteur takes the view that this increase is fully justified, given the low levels of funding that the fruit and vegetables sector receives by comparison with its productive value.
Zaradi odgovornega ravnanja nismo predlagali novih povečanj, saj bi vsaka sprememba oškodovala druge proizvajalce Evropske unije glede na stroge prage, ki jih določa finančna perspektiva 2007–2013.
In the interests of responsible action, no fresh increases have been added, since any change would act to the detriment of other EU producers, given the strict thresholds approved in the financial perspective 2007-2013.
V primeru, da države menijo, da potrebujejo več sredstev, se omogoči uporaba dela nacionalne rezerve iz člena 42 Uredbe (ES) št. 1782/2003 do najvišje meje 0,5 %.
As an alternative, in the event that Member States consider that they require more funding, the possibility is provided for part of the national reserve under Article 42 of Regulation (EC) No 1782/2003 to be used, up to a maximum of 0.5%.
b) O posebni pomoči novim državam članicam .
(b) as regards specific support for the new Member States.
Poleg pomoči za češnje in drobno sadje, ki jo bodo dobivale le nove države članice, se vključijo tudi posebne določbe o priznavanju organizacij proizvajalcev v teh državah.
In addition to the payments for cherries and soft fruit, which will exclusively benefit the new members, specific provisions have been included on the recognition of producer organisations in these countries.
c) O uporabi sheme enotnega plačila v sektorju sadja in zelenjave .
(c) as regards the application of the single payment scheme in the fruit and vegetable sector.
Zaradi tveganja, da pride do neravnotežja trgov in struktur v sektorju sadja in zelenjave, je treba ohraniti trenutno shemo za parcele za sadje in zelenjavo, ki jih zato ne bo mogoče uporabiti za druge kmetijske dejavnosti, dokler se natančno ne oceni možnih učinkov te odločitve, kot to določa najnovejša sodna praksa Sodišča Evropskih skupnosti.
Owing to the risk of causing an imbalance in fruit and vegetable markets and structures, the current scheme should be maintained for parcels intended for fruit and vegetables, which consequently may not be used for any other agricultural activity until the potential impact of this decision has been precisely assessed, as required by the most recent case-law of the Court of Justice.
Prav tako se ocenjuje, da je za pomoč za predelano sadje in zelenjavo treba uvesti pomoč na površino za proizvode, ki jih določijo države članice, podobno obstoječi pomoči za oreške, saj so to pridelki dvojne rabe in obstaja tveganje obsežnega opuščanja proizvodnje v primeru popolnoma nevezanih plačil.
As regards payments for processed fruit and vegetables, given that these are dual-use products and there would be a danger of large-scale abandonment of production if they were to be completely decoupled, provision should be made for the Member States to decide on an area payment for these products similar to that for nuts.
Poročevalka ocenjuje, da ta nova pomoč, katere celotni znesek bi bil podoben trenutnim pomočem za predelavo, lahko reši industrije pred možnimi motnjami pri dobavi in obenem spoštuje zahteve STO na način, ki bi spodbujal nevezana plačila in bi to pomoč uvrstil znotraj modrega paketa.
The rapporteur takes the view that this new payment, whose total amount would be comparable to current processing aid, would safeguard the industry against a possible breakdown in supply and would at the same time comply with WTO requirements in that it would represent a further step towards decoupling and would fall within the Blue Box.
d) O operativnih programih .
(d) as regards operational programmes.
Poročevalka vlaga različne predloge sprememb tehnične narave v skladu z načelom subsidiarnosti upravljanja in tako omogoča dvig praga vrednosti tržne proizvodnje do 6 % za organizacije proizvajalcev, ki so v preteklosti prejele pomoči za zagotavljanje istih ravni pomoči in spodbujanje koncentracije ponudbe, kar je ključni cilj nove skupne ureditve trga.
The rapporteur has drafted a number of technical amendments in line with the principle of subsidiarity in management which will make it possible to raise the threshold for the value of marketed production to 6% in the case of producer organisations that received support in the past in order to guarantee the same levels of support and promote the concentration of supply, a key objective of the new CMO.
Predlagana je tudi razširitev primerov, kjer se prispevek Skupnosti v operativne sklade poveča na 60 %.
It is also proposed to expand the cases in which the Community contribution to operational funds is raised to 60%.
Okrepijo se tudi določbe, ki izključujejo pojav dvojnega financiranja preko programov za razvoj podeželja in operativnih programov.
Finally, the provisions ensuring that there is no dual financing through rural development programmes and operational programmes have been strengthened.
e) O obvladovanju tveganj .
(e) as regards risk management.
Čeprav je zaželeno, da organizacije proizvajalcev s svojimi operativnimi programi krijejo obvladovanje tveganj, se nanje prenesejo tudi nekateri ukrepi (kot je promocija, komunikacija in usposabljanje), ki so del splošnih ciljev operativnih programov in morajo biti stalni in ne enkratni.
Even though it is considered desirable that producer organisations should cover risk management in their operational programmes, some measures (such as promotion, communication and training) have been transferred to them, even though they already represent general objectives of the operational programmes and must be permanent rather than one-off measures.
Poleg tega države članice lahko ustanovijo varnostni sklad za hude krize, ki bo dostopen za vse proizvajalce, člane in nečlane proizvajalskih organizacij.
In addition, the Member States would be permitted to set up a security fund for serious crises which would be open to all producers, whether or not they belong to producer organisations.
Kot smo že omenili, bo ta sklad delno sestavljen iz nacionalne rezerve iz člena 42 Uredbe (ES) št. 1782/2003 do najvišje meje 0,5 %.
This fund could be financed, as already proposed, with some of the amounts from the national reserve under Article 42 of Regulation (EC) No 1782/2003, up to a maximum of 0.5%.
Reforma skupne ureditve trga za sadje in zelenjavo je po več kot desetih letih od njene zadnje revizije časovno primerna glede na več pomembnih razvojnih dosežkov, kot so reforma skupne kmetijske politike leta 2003 in 2004, sedanja pogajanja o razvojni agendi iz Dohe in izvajanje finančnih perspektiv EU za obdobje 2007–2013.
The reform of the CMO for fruit and vegetables (F&V) comes at an appropriate time, more than ten years after the last revision, in a context characterised by a number of significant developments such as the CAP reform in 2003 and 2004, the ongoing negotiations on the DDA and the implementation of the EU’s financial perspectives 2007-2013.
Pripravljavec mnenja podpira splošen pristop, ki je izražen v predlogu Komisije in katerega namen je med drugim izboljšati učinkovitost in privlačnost organizacij proizvajalcev, da se okrepi konkurenčnost sektorja.
The draftsperson supports the general approach reflected in the Commission’s proposal, which aims inter alia at making the Producer Organisations (POs) more efficient and attractive with a view to enhancing the competitiveness of the sector.
Glede mednarodne trgovine (sistem vhodnih cen, tarifne kvote, sprožitvene količine …) se je Komisija odločila, da ne bo obravnavala veljavnega pravnega okvira „saj pogajanja STO še vedno potekajo in njihov izid še ni znan“.
As far as international trade aspects (entry price system, tariff quotas, trigger volumes, …) are concerned, the Commission has chosen not to touch on the current legal framework ‘taking into account that the WTO negotiation talks are still ongoing and that their outcome remains unknown’.
Kljub temu je predlagala ukinitev vseh izvoznih nadomestil v tem sektorju zaradi domnevno manjše vloge in manjšega gospodarskega vpliva takšnih nadomestil.
It has proposed nevertheless to abolish all export refunds in this sector in view of their alleged reduced role and economic impact.
Pripravljavec mnenja se strinja, da bi moral „trgovinski sistem (za sadje in zelenjavo) temeljiti na zavezah, sprejetih v okviru urugvajskega kroga večstranskih trgovinskih pogajanj“ (uvodna izjava 23 predloga).
The draftsperson agrees that ‘the trading system (for F&V) should be based on the undertakings accepted under the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations’ (recital 23 of the proposal).
Vendar bi bilo glede na velik zunanjetrgovinski primanjkljaj v tem sektorju, večjo konkurenco tretjih držav na trgu EU in svetovnih trgih ter erozijo preferencialov Skupnosti zaradi izvajanja sporazumov o prosti trgovini nerazumno, da bi EU povečala sedanje obveznosti.
In a context characterised by a significant external trade deficit in this sector, increased competition from third countries on the EU as well as on world markets, and an erosion of the Community preference through the implementation of free trade agreements, however, it would be unwise for the EU to go beyond these existing obligations.
Namen prvega predloga spremembe je okrepiti zmožnost odziva EU na krize, ki jih povzroči prevelika konkurenca pri uvozu tako, da se olajša uporaba posebne zaščitne klavzule iz člena 31.
The first amendment proposed aims at reinforcing the EU’s capacity to respond to crises provoked by excessive import competition by facilitating the activation of the Special Safeguard Clause of Article 31.
Pripravljavec mnenja zato predlaga, da se odpravijo nekateri pogoji, ki niso zajeti v členu 5 Sporazuma STO o kmetijstvu.
For this purpose, the draftsperson proposes to remove certain conditions which are not mandated by the wording of Article 5 of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture.
Namen drugega predloga spremembe je samo ohraniti možnost odobritve izvoznih nadomestil v sektorju sadja in zelenjave, kadar je to potrebno in dokler EU v okviru STO ne sprejme trdne (tj. formalne in brezpogojne) zaveze o odpravi takšnih nadomestil.
The second amendment proposed aims simply at maintaining the possibility to grant export refunds wherever necessary in the F&V sector for as long as no firm (i.e. formal and unconditional) commitment to eliminate such refunds has been made by the EU in the WTO framework.
Z gospodarskega stališča se pripravljavec mnenja ne strinja s stališčem Komisije, da takšna nadomestila niso več uporabna.
From an economic point of view, the draftsperson disagrees with the Commission’s suggestion that such refunds are no longer useful.
Glede na intenzivnost konkurence na svetovnih trgih v tem sektorju in dejstvo, da več drugih velikih udeležencev še vedno uporablja takšne ali podobne vrste podpore, je lahko še tako majhna podpora pomembna za izvajalce EU.
Given the intensity of competition on world markets in this sector and the fact that several other major players keep using this or similar types of support, all the assistance given to EU operators, even a minimal one, can make a difference.