natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
15. poleg tega poziva države članice, naj v politiko na področju izobraževanja vključijo nudenje psihološke pomoči in svetovanje, posebej namenjeno otrokom s težavami pri socializaciji, naj omogočijo nudenja zdravniške oskrbe v vsaki šolski ustanovi, imenujejo socialnega delavca za omejeno število šolskih ustanov, sociologa-kriminologa, pedopsihiatra in strokovnjakov za otroško prestopništvo, naj zagotovijo strog nadzor nad uživanjem alkohola in zlorabo mamil s strani učencev, se borijo proti vsakršni obliki diskriminacije v šolski skupnosti, imenujejo mediatorja, ki bo skrbel za stike med šolo in skupnostjo ter sodelovanje med različnimi šolskimi skupnostmi pri oblikovanju in izvajanju programov proti nasilju;
Calls on the Member States in addition to include within their educational policies the provision of special counselling and psychological support for children encountering problems of social integration, the availability of medical care in each school and the appointment of social workers, sociologists/criminologists, child psychologists and experts in issues relating to juvenile delinquency, each serving a small number of educational institutions, close checks on alcohol and drugs consumption among pupils, measures to combat all forms of discrimination against members of the school community, the appointment of a community ombudsman acting as intermediary between the school and the community and cooperation between various school communities in drawing up and implementing programmes to prevent violence;
17. priporoča državam članicam, naj okrepijo vlogo in kvalitativno presojo centrov za mlade, ki veljajo za prostor izmenjav mladih ter poudarja, da vključitev mladoletnih prestopnikov v te centre prispeva k njihovi socializaciji in krepi njihov občutek pripadnosti normalni družbeni skupini;
Recommends that the Member States improve the quality of youth centres and enhance their role as a meeting place for young people and observes that the admission of juvenile offenders to such centres would facilitate their social reintegration and encourage a feeling of being a valuable member of society;
21. želi spomniti, da morata na področju mladoletniškega prestopništva potek in trajanje sodnega postopka ter izbiro sprejetih ukrepov in njihovo posledično izvajanje usmerjati višji interes otroka in spoštovanje postopkovnega prava; zato poudarja, da naj bo odvzem prostosti le zadnje možno sredstvo in naj se izvede v centrih, prilagojenih mladoletnim prestopnikom;
Points out that in the case of juvenile delinquency the conduct and the duration of the judicial proceedings, the choice of the measure to be adopted and the subsequent implementation thereof must be guided by the principle of the overriding interest of the child and observance of procedural law; stresses in this connection that imprisonment must be ordered only as a last resort and that any prison sentence must be served in facilities suitable for juvenile delinquents;
Za evropsko strategijo
Towards a European strategy
24. vztraja pri tem, da bi moral biti osnovni cilj skupnega evropskega pristopa opredelitev modelov posredovanja v primerih mladoletniškega prestopništva in njegove obravnave, zaporne kazni pa bi morale biti zadnji izhod in se uporabiti le takrat, ko je to res nujno;
Maintains that the objective of a common European approach should be to define models for intervention to deal with and manage juvenile delinquency, while recourse to custodial measures and punishment should constitute the last resort and be implemented only when judged to be absolutely necessary;
- poseben program "Preprečevanje in boj proti kriminalu" za obdobje 2007-2013, ki temelji na preprečevanju kriminala in zaščiti žrtev,
- the special 2007-2013 programme for 'Preventing and Combating Crime', basically seeking to prevent crime and protect victims,
- poseben program "Kazensko pravosodje" za obdobje 2007-2013, namenjen pravosodnemu sodelovanju na področju kazenskega prava na podlagi vzajemnega priznavanja in zaupanja, s krepitvijo stikov in izmenjavo podatkov med pristojnimi nacionalnimi organi,
- the specific 'Criminal Justice' programme for 2007-2013, promoting cooperation in the field of criminal justice based on mutual recognition and trust and improved contacts and exchange of information between the national authorities involved,
- program DAPHNE III za boj proti nasilju nad otroki in mladimi,
- the DAPHNE III programme to combat violence against juveniles and children,
- program "Mladi v akciji" za obdobje 2007-2013, katerega glavna naloga je pomoč mladim z omejenimi možnostmi ali iz okolja z omejenimi možnostmi;
- the 2007-2013 Youth in Action Programme, one of the main priorities of which is support for young people with fewer opportunities or from less privileged backgrounds,
- dejavnosti evropskega socialnega sklada Equal za krepitev socialnega vključevanja in boj proti diskriminaciji ter olajšanje dostopa do trga dela za osebe z omejenimi možnostmi,
- European Social Fund and Equal Programme initiatives to promote social integration and combat discrimination and facilitate access to the employment market for those with fewer opportunities,
- program pobude Urbacht, ki ga podpira Unija in ki temelji na izmenjavi najboljših praks med evropskimi mesti z vidika za evropske državljane bolj trajnostnega okolja, ki vključuje ukrepe za oblikovanje bolj varnega urbanega okolja za mlade ter ukrepe za socialno vključevanje mladih z omejenimi možnostmi, ki temelji na njihovi socializaciji in udeležbi;
- the EU-funded Urbact initiative programme seeking an exchange of best practices between European cities regarding a more sustainable living environment and encompassing measures to improve urban safety for juveniles and facilitate social integration of juveniles with fewer opportunities, with a view to increasing their social involvement and participation,
- programe meddržavnih pobud, kot je Let bind safe net for children and youth at risk (Gradimo varnostno mrežo za izpostavljene otroke in mlade), ki temeljijo na sprejemanju ukrepov v korist ogroženih ali socialno izključenih otrok in mladih; v teh programih lahko in morajo sodelovati partnerji iz čim večjega števila držav;
- cross-border initiatives such as the 'Let bind safe net for children and youth at risk' project focusing on measures to assist children and juveniles who are at risk or socially marginalised, which could benefit from the participation of partners from as many Member States as possible,
- evropska telefonska linija za izginule otroke, med katerimi so tudi žrtve mladoletniškega prestopništva;
- the European helpline for missing children, including victims of juvenile delinquency;
UL 298, 17.10.1989, str.
OJ L 298, 17.10.1989, p.
32. pozdravlja pričetek veljave evropskega okvirja samoregulacije evropskih podjetij za varnejšo rabo mobilnih telefonov s strani mladostnikov in otrok ter poudarja, da mora Komisija glede obveščanja in osveščanja o varni rabi interneta in mobilnih telefonov podati konkretne predloge in zaveze na evropski ravni;
Welcomes the entry into force of the self regulatory framework for European companies concerning the safer use of mobile telephones by juveniles and children and accordingly stresses the need for the Commission to make specific proposals binding at European level to ensure safety awareness and vigilance with regard to Internet navigation and the use of mobile telephones;
34. poziva Komisijo, naj vzpodbuja vzpostavitev zelene evropske številke za otroke in mladostnike v težavah, saj takšne telefonske linije lahko občutno prispevajo k preprečevanju mladoletniškega prestopništva;
Calls on the Commission to continue its work on setting up a free Europe-wide telephone hotline for children and young people with problems, since such hotlines can make a significant contribution to preventing juvenile delinquency;
– financiranje preventivnih ukrepov v okviru obstoječih programov Skupnosti ter oblikovanje nove proračunske postavke za integrirane ukrepe in mreže za boj proti mladoletniškemu prestopništvu,
- funding for preventive measures under existing Community programmes and the creation of a new budget heading for integrated actions and networks to combat juvenile delinquency,
– objava študije in nato sporočila Komisije o razsežnostih pojava v Evropi ter ustrezna priprava preko mreže nacionalnih strokovnjakov osnutka celostnega okvirnega programa za boj proti mladoletniškemu prestopništvu;
- the publication of a study and, subsequently, a Commission communication on the extent of the problem in Europe and suitable preparations through a network of national experts for the drafting of an integrated framework programme to combat juvenile delinquency;
– naj upošteva najboljše prakse in zlasti oblike sodelovanja med zasebnimi in javnimi telesi,
- consideration of best prevention practices and, in particular, forms of cooperation between private and public bodies,
– naj meri in analizira morebitne dolgoročno učinkovitost nedavno razvitih sistemov obravnave mladoletnih prestopnikov, na primer povračilne pravice,
- measuring and analysing the possible long-term effectiveness of recently developed systems for the treatment of juvenile offenders, such as restorative justice,
– vključuje naj izmenjavo najboljših praks na mednarodni, nacionalni in lokalni ravni, ob. upoštevanju izredno pozitivnih izkušenj programa Daphne proti nasilju, ki lahko služijo kot primer dobre prakse za številne učinkovite projekte boja proti nasilju,
- exchanging best practices at international, national and local level, including the very positive experiences made with the European anti-violence programme Daphne, whose many efficient projects against violence can be cited as examples of best practice,
– zagotavlja naj, da se te službe in prakse osredotočijo na zaščito pravic otrok in mladostnikov ter na nudenje ustrezne pomoči staršem,
- ensuring that these services and practices focus on the protection of the rights of children and adolescents and adequate support for parents;
– vzpostavi naj evropski model zaščite mladih, katerega glavni cilj ne bo izvajanje kazni, ampak bo v osnovi temeljil na socialnem predvidevanju in izobraževanju mladih ter širjenju vrednot spoštovanja in enakosti, pa tudi pravic in dolžnosti vseh,
developing a European model for the protection of young people, the main focus of which is not punishment but the social welfare of and educational support for young people and the promotion of values of respect and equality and the rights and obligations of everyone,
– vključuje naj oblikovanje programov izobraževanja in poklicnega usposabljanja z namenom njihove ponovne vključitve v družbo in zagotovi dejansko enakopravne možnosti preko vseživljenjskega učenja za vse; vključuje naj tudi usposabljanje, ki je učinkovito takoj in za vse, ter dosega barcelonske cilje, ki so predpogoj za učinkovito preprečevanje nasilja; podpira naj že obstoječe pobude, ki jih v tem kontekstu izvajajo mladinske organizacije;
- drawing up educational and vocational training programmes for juveniles in order to facilitate their social integration and achieve genuine equal opportunities through lifelong learning for everyone; efficient education for everyone from the outset and the implementation of the Barcelona objectives, which are a precondition for the effective prevention of violence; support for existing initiatives undertaken by youth organisation in that regard,
– vsebuje naj pripravo usklajenega programa kontinuiranega usposabljanja nacionalnih varuhov človekovih pravic, policistov in zaposlenih v sodstvu, pristojnih nacionalnih organov in nadzornih teles,
- organising a coordinated programme of continuous training for national ombudsmen, police forces and members of the judiciary, competent national bodies and supervisory authorities,
– poveže naj pristojne službe lokalnih in regionalnih skupnosti, mladinske organizacije in šolske skupnosti;
- networking the responsible services of the local and regional authorities, youth organisations and the educational community;
– podatki o rezultatih nacionalnih politik naj se preučijo skupaj in posredujejo drugim,
- a joint survey and dissemination of the results of national policies,
– organizirajo naj se konference in forumi z udeležbo nacionalnih strokovnjakov,
- the organisation of conferences and platforms (forums) with the participation of national experts,
– spodbuja naj se komuniciranje in obveščanje med pristojnimi organi in družbenimi akterji preko svetovnega spleta ter oblikovanje spletne strani, namenjene tem vprašanjem,
- promotion of communication and information between the competent authorities and Community bodies via the Internet and the creation of a web page specialising in these matters,
V večjem delu evropske družbe je trenutno zelo razširjeno mnenje, da je mladoletniškega prestopništva vedno več in predstavlja vse večjo nevarnost, kar tudi potrjujejo nacionalne statistike ter mednarodne raziskave in študije.
There is currently a widespread perception in most European societies that there has been a progressive increase in juvenile delinquency and a heightening of the danger it poses, a perception also confirmed by national statistics and international research and studies.
Etiološki pristop k sodobnemu mladostniškemu prestopništvu
Aetiological approach to contemporary juvenile delinquency
Izjemno težko je ugotoviti natančne vzroke prestopništva pri mladostnikih.
It is extremely difficult to identify the exact reasons for delinquent behaviour in a juvenile.
Razlog za to je, da se dejanja mladostnikov zgodijo znotraj zapletenega procesa socializacije in družbenega nadzora.
This is because the specific act carried out by the juvenile is expressed in the context of a complex process of socialisation and social control.
Kljub temu je mogoče postaviti dve trditvi.
Nevertheless, it is possible to make two reliable ascertainments.
Prvič, ne drži, da je mladoletniško prestopništvo "družbena bolezen" niti da so za vedenje mladoletnih prestopnikov krive telesne in duševne motnje ali motnje inteligentnosti.
Firstly, it is in no way the case that juvenile delinquency is a 'social disease' and that the behaviour of juvenile delinquents is attributable to physical, intellectual or mental abnormalities.
Drugič, da bi analizirali vedenje mladostnikov, prestopnikov ali tistih, ki to niso, moramo preučiti okolje, v katerem se razvijajo, družino, šolo, prijatelje in socialno okolje.
Secondly, in order to analyse the behaviour of juveniles, delinquent or not, we must examine the environment in which they are developing: family, school, friends and social setting.
Za vsak vzrok in dejavnik prestopništva pri mladostnikih najdemo povezave s temi referenčnimi točkami.
Every cause and factor, therefore, relating to juvenile delinquent behaviour can be traced back to these points of reference.
Vendar je pri odkrivanju dejanskih vzrokov potrebna previdnost.
However, caution is called for in identifying the actual causes.
Na primer, ni nujno, da k prestopništvu vodi pogosta fizična odsotnost staršev ali odraščanje v družinah samohranilcev, ampak so zanj krivi osnovna nesposobnosti staršev, da skrbijo za svoje otroke, ter nezdravi in slabi odnosi zaradi finančnih, socialnih in/ali medosebnih težav med starši in otroki ali med obema staršema.
For example, it is not the frequent physical absence of the parents or the fact of growing up in single-parent families which necessarily result in delinquency as much as the essential inability of the parents to carry out their duties of care towards their children or the absence of a healthy and quality relationship - because of financial, social and/or interpersonal problems - between the parents and children or between the parents themselves.
Kriv ni neuspeh posameznih učencev, ampak nezmožnost šolskega sistema, da preseže njihovo zaznamovanost in odrinjenost na rob.
It is not the failure of individual pupils but the inability of the school system to overcome their stigmatisation and marginalisation.
Konec koncev k prestopništvu ne vodi identiteta priseljencev, ampak njihova družbena odrinjenost na rob.
Finally, it is not the identity of an immigrant which leads to an expression of delinquency but his social marginalisation.
Še zlasti v današnjih časih mladostniki, ki jih zunanji dejavniki, kot so mediji, tehnologija in predvsem internet, izstrelijo v svet odraslih, pogosto agresivno odzovejo na ta vdor v njihova življenja.
In this day and age particularly, however, juveniles who find themselves catapulted into the adult world by external factors such as the media, technology and especially the internet frequently react aggressively to this invasion of their lives.
Modeli obravnavanja mladoletniškega prestopništva
Models for the management of juvenile delinquency
Splošno gledano je pri obravnavanju prestopništva in njegovem družbeni nadzor prišlo do pomembnega razvoja.
In general terms, the management of delinquency and its social control has developed significantly.
Začelo se je z modelom zaščite, v katerem so odrasli v vsakem primeru posebej odločili, kakšne pravice ima mladoletni prestopnik in kako bi njegovo vedenje "izboljšali".
It started with the protected model, whereby adults determined in each case the rights of the juvenile offender and the methods of 'improving' his behaviour.
Nato se je razvil model odgovornosti, v katerem so mladoletnikom že izhodiščno priznane pravice, cilj ukrepov za boj proti prestopništvu pa je "vzgoja preko odgovornosti".
Then the responsibility model was developed whereby the juvenile has specific, recognised rights from the outset and the aim of measures to combat delinquent behaviour is 'education through responsibility'.
S trenutno uporabljanim pristopom se želi v model odgovornosti vključiti povračilno pravico, ki v proces vključuje žrtve, njegov namen pa je poravnava škode.
The current approach seeks to incorporate restorative justice in the responsibility model, involving the victims themselves in the process and aiming to reconcile the parties by making good the damage.
Pri obravnavi mladoletniškega prestopništva pa obstaja še en ključen vidik.
There is, however another crucial consideration relating to the management of juvenile delinquency and the current models.
Mladostniki so na splošno sovražno naravnani do uradnega sistema družbenega nadzora, kateremu so bolj izpostavljeni zaradi nepopolnega razvoja osebnosti, starosti in omejenih finančnih sredstev.
In general, juveniles are particularly hostile to the official system of social control, to which they are more susceptible, given the incomplete development of their personality, their age and limited financial resources.
Hkrati je kazenski sistem posebej strog z mladimi, saj kot prestopništvo obravnava vsak upor mladostnikov proti družbi, ki ga podpihujejo revščina, socialna izključenost, četudi tak upor ni kazniv.
At the same time, the penal system is particularly harsh on young people, treating as delinquency any juvenile rebellion against society fuelled by poverty and social exclusion, even where it is not criminal in nature, an approach which is not adopted with regard to adults.
Zakonodaja in ukrepi za obravnavanje mladoletniškega prestopništva bi morali biti liberalni ter odsevati največje možno razumevanje in strpnost do mladostnikov in njihovih težav, ne da bi jih označili za družbeno patološke ali da bi vsak poskus samouveljavitve razglasili za prestopništvo.
Legislation and measures for managing juveniles should be liberal, and show the greatest possible understanding and tolerance towards juveniles and their problems without labelling them as suffering from forms of social pathogeny or describing any attempt at self determination as delinquency.
Z modernimi pristopi obravnave bi morali storiti še en korak naprej in postopoma nadomestiti zaporne kazni z alternativami (deinstitucionalizacija in obravnavanje izven sistema sodstva) ter se preusmeriti k dekriminalizaciji in depenalizaciji mladoletniških dejanj.
Modern management approach should go one step further and, after gradually replacing custodial measures by other alternatives (deinstitutionalisation and dejudicialisation), switch to decriminalisation and depenalisation of juvenile acts.
Za to je potrebno v večini primerov ukiniti kazni in hkrati okrepiti organizacije, ki skrbijo za socializacijo, ter sprejeti resnično preventivne ukrepe.
This requires the abolition of penalties' in the majority of cases and, at the same time, the strengthening of socialising organisations and taking genuine preventive measures.
Moralnih in vedenjskih standardov se ne spreminja z zakoni in kaznimi, ampak s "svobodnim" izobraževanjem mladih in čim širšim sodelovanjem družbe, ki bo okrepilo zaupanje med generacijami, družino, šolsko skupnost, državo, sosesko, prijateljstva in družbo kot celoto.
Morals and standards of behaviour are not changed by laws and penalties but by educating young people 'in freedom' and the broadest possible social involvement which will strengthen trust between the generations, the family, the school community, the state, the neighbourhood, friendships and society as a whole.
Mehanizmi preprečevanja
A. Preventive mechanisms
Preprečevanje bi moralo biti primaren in glavni del strategije boja proti mladoletniškemu prestopništvu.
Prevention should be the primary and main part of a strategy for combating juvenile delinquency.
V preteklosti je imela prednost represija, kaznovanje pa je še danes najbolj poudarjeno, saj je politika preprečevanja dolgoročna (njeni rezultati niso vidni takoj, torej vlade in politiki od njih nimajo takojšnjih političnih koristi), predvsem pa je draga.
The reason why historically 'repression' took precedence, while even up to the present the main emphasis is on penalization, is because prevention policies are long-term (their results are not immediately visible, which deprives governments and politicians of any immediate political gains), and particularly expensive.
Pravočasno posredovanje socialne države za pomoč družinam in mladostnikom še pred pojavom prestopniškega vedenja očitno velja za dražje kot kazenski ali civilni pregon, sploh če je za strategijo preprečevanja potrebno delovanje na različnih področjih, kar poziva k skupni odgovornosti ter neposredni in posredni družbeni udeležbi vpletenih organizacij.
Timely intervention by the welfare state to assist families and juveniles before the emergence of delinquent behaviour is clearly considerably more expensive than criminal or civil prosecution, even more so when a prevention strategy requires action from several different sectors, calling for joint responsibility and social participation directly and indirectly by the organisations involved.
V zvezi s tem bi bil velik dosežek za družbo in državo tako na nacionalni ravni kot ravni Skupnosti, če bi sprejeli kodeks družbenega preprečevanja in solidarnosti za mladostnike (storilce in žrtve), ki bi bil ločen od kazenskopravnega sistema.
In this respect, it would be a considerable achievement for society and the State at national and Community level to adopt a code of social prevention and solidarity for juveniles (offenders and victims), which is dissociated from the criminal justice systems.
Čeprav se študije trenutno osredotočajo na načine, na katere se prestopništvo začne in vzroke zanj, je izredno pomembno poskrbeti tudi za pot stran od njega.
Despite the current focus on the ways in which delinquent behaviour commences and the reasons for this, it is also extremely important to provide a way out of it.
Kot rečeno, je kazenski postopek (tudi v izobraževalni obliki) v najboljšem primeru neustrezen ter v najslabšem primeru neprimeren za resocializacijo in neovirano vključitev mladoletnih prestopnikov v družinsko socialno okolje, šolo ali okolje, ki so ga s svojim vedenjem poskušali zavrniti.
As already mentioned, criminal procedure (even its educational form) is at best inadequate and at worst actually unsuitable for the reintegration and smooth reincorporation of juvenile delinquents into the social setting of family, school or the environment which they were trying to reject with their behaviour.