natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
- zmanjšanje največje dovoljene količine policikličnih aromatskih ogljikovodikov,
- reducing the maximum permitted quantity of PACs
- prepoved škodljivega dodatka MMT,
- prohibiting the damaging additive MMT
- znižanje parnega tlaka in dovoljevanje izjem samo pri vmešanju 3 od 10 odstotkov biogoriv.
- reducing the vapour pressure and only permitting an exception if between 3% and 10% biofuels are blended.
Toplogredni plini
Greenhouse gases
Cestni promet povzroči približno 20 odstotkov emisij toplogrednih plinov v EU.
Road transport causes approximately 20% of greenhouse gas emissions in the EU.
Avtomobili morajo postati znatno učinkovitejši, da bi do leta 2020 dosegli 30-odstotno zmanjšanje CO 2 , zmanjšati pa je treba tudi emisije CO 2 , ki nastanejo zaradi goriv.
In order to achieve a CO 2 reduction of 30% by 2020, cars must become considerably more efficient, but CO 2 emissions caused by fuels must also be reduced.
Komisija predlaga, da se emisije toplogrednih plinov najprej izmerijo in nato v obdobju od 2011 do 2020 postopno zmanjšajo, in sicer vsako leto za 1 odstotek.
The Commission proposes first measuring emissions of greenhouse gases and then between 2011 and 2020 reducing them by 1% per annum.
Približno 85 odstotkov emisij toplogrednih plinov iz goriva nastane zaradi zgorevanja v avtomobilu, 15 odstotkov v skupni proizvodnji in postopku rafiniranja, vključno s prevozom in distribucijo goriva.
Around 85% of greenhouse gas emissions from fuel occur upon combustion in the car and 15% in the overall production and refining process, including fuel transport and distribution.
Predlog Komisije za zmanjšanje emisij si zasluži vso podporo.
The Commission's proposal to reduce emissions deserves every support.
Da bi dosegli zmanjšanje, se dobavitelji goriva lahko odločijo za učinkovitejše postopke ekstrakcije in rafiniranja, tako da za pridobivanje nafte oziroma pridobivanje motornega bencina in dizelskega goriva porabijo manj energije.
In order to achieve the reduction, fuel suppliers may opt to render the extraction and refining processes more efficient so that less energy is used to obtain oil and turn it into petrol or diesel.
Primerjalne študije, npr. avtorice Kristine Holmgren z IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute , navajajo, da se rafinerije znotraj EU razlikujejo in da veliko možnosti za varčevanje z energijo še ni izkoriščenih.
Comparative research, for example by Kristina Holmgren of IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, indicates that refineries within the EU differ – and that many opportunities to save energy are not yet being exploited.
Druga možnost je proizvodnja in trženje alternativnih goriv, kot so zemeljski plin, vodik ali tekoči naftni plin.
Another option is the production and marketing of alternative fuels, such as natural gas, hydrogen or LPG.
Seveda pa mora proizvodnja teh alternativnih goriv potekati v skladu z isto analizo od vira do porabnika.
Naturally, the production these alternative fuels must be subjected to the same Well to Wheel analysis.
Tretja možnost je mešanje z biogorivi.
A third possibility is blending with biofuels.
Tudi v tem primeru je treba uporabiti pristop od vira do porabnika, kar bo pomenilo prednost za biogoriva, ki imajo boljšo bilanco toplogrednih plinov kot fosilna goriva.
Here too, the Well to Wheel approach must be applied, which will lead to a preference for biofuels which have a better greenhouse gas balance than fossil fuels.
Omenjeni predlog daje dobaviteljem goriva dovolj možnosti za izbiro po lastni presoji in dobavo tistih vrst goriva, ki imajo boljšo ogljikovo bilanco.
This proposal gives fuel suppliers enough options to make choices in the light of their own judgment and supply those fuels which have a better carbon balance.
Določanje metode
Determination of the method
Komisija predlaga, da se pristop od vira do porabnika določi s postopkom komitologije.
The Commission proposes determining the Well to Wheel approach by means of commitology.
Ker je treba pri tem sprejeti precej pomembnih političnih odločitev, mora imeti Parlament besedo pri odločanju o številnih smernicah.
As a number of important political choices have to be made in this context, Parliament must have a say in deciding a number of guidelines.
To se lahko zagotovi z oblikovanjem smernic v novi prilogi, ki se jih lahko kasneje natančneje opredeli skladno s postopkom komitologije.
This can be ensured by formulating guidelines in a new annex, which can be fleshed out later by means of the commitology procedure.
Smernice lahko med drugim vključujejo odločitve o izhodiščnem letu in standardu.
These guidelines can, inter alia, include decisions about the base year and the standard.
Izhodiščno leto in standard
The base year and the standard
Naftne družbe so v neenaki meri vlagale v izboljšano učinkovitost.
Oil companies have invested to differing extents in improved efficiency.
Po predlogu Komisije mora vsak dobavitelj priskrbeti podatke o emisijah toplogrednih plinov, ki bi zatem postali standard.
Under the Commission proposal, every supplier must supply data on greenhouse gas emissions, which will then become the standard.
To bi pomenilo, da vsaka družba uporablja drugačen standard, kar je v nasprotju z logiko notranjega trga.
This would mean that a different standard applied to each company, which is contrary to the logic of the internal market.
Prav tako je omenjeno v nasprotju s smislom za pravičnost, saj bi morale družbe, ki so vlagale v izboljšave, izpolnjevati strožje standarde kot njihovi tekmeci, ki so v učinkovitost vložili manj.
It is also contrary to the sense of justice, because companies which have invested in improvements would suffer by having to comply with stricter standards than their competitors who had invested less in efficiency.
Treba je določiti skupen standard, ki bo zagotovil enake pogoje.
In order to guarantee a level playing field, a common standard is needed.
V idealnem primeru bi moralo biti izhodiščno leto v preteklosti, saj bi zagotavljalo, da ravnanje ni pod vplivom strateških motivov.
Ideally, the base year should lie in the past in order to ensure that behaviour is not influenced by strategic motives.
V tem primeru bi bilo treba uporabiti obstoječe študije.
In that case, use must be made of existing studies.
Ker pa precej podatkov manjka in ker se z rezultati ne strinja vsak dobavitelj goriva oziroma proizvajalec biogoriva, je morda boljše, da je izhodiščno leto v prihodnosti, in sicer čim prej po sprejetju te direktive.
Because many data are lacking, and because not every fuel supplier and biofuel producer clearly endorses the results, it would be better for the base year to lie in the future, namely as soon as possible after the adoption of this directive.
Na ta način lahko podatke posreduje vsak dobavitelj goriva in bo moral to početi tudi v prihodnosti.
In that way, every supplier can supply data and will have to do so.
Predlagani cilj je en odstotek na leto.
The proposed target is 1% per annum.
Strokovnjaki menijo, da je za dosego tega cilja potreben precejšen trud, kar pa je seveda zelo odvisno od izhodiščne točke ali osnovnega standarda.
In order to achieve this level of ambition, experts say that a considerable effort is necessary, but this of course depends very much on the starting point or the basic standard.
Vprašanje je, kako se bo iz podatkov, ki so jih posredovali dobavitelji goriva, določil standard.
The question is, naturally, how the standard is to be chosen from the data supplied by fuel producers.
Vsekakor je priporočljivo, da se za standard ne izbere najnižje vrednosti in tudi ne povprečja.
It would be advisable, certainly, not to take the lowest standard, and not the average either.
Da se zagotovi ustrezno raven ambicij, je treba seveda izbrati pristop izbora najboljšega tekmeca: v tem primeru najboljša družba (ali pa na primer povprečje najboljših treh družb) določi standard za vse.
In order to ensure an adequate level of ambition, a top-runner approach is the obvious choice: in that case, the best company (or, for example, the average of the top three companies) would set the standard for the rest.
Če bo standard določila najboljša družba, bo to močna spodbuda za ostale evropske dobavitelje goriva in bodo morda celo prisiljeni tudi sami uporabljati čim več lahke nafte.
If the best company sets the standard, this will give all European fuel suppliers a strong incentive, or even compel them, likewise to use as much light oil as possible.
Tako bo cena za lahko nafto narasla, posledica pa bo, da bo več težke nafte namenjene državam, kot sta Kitajska in Indija.
This will mean a price rise for light oil and will result in heavy oil going to such countries as China and India.
Ni rečeno, da je to bolje za emisije toplogrednih plinov v svetovnem merilu, saj se bi se tako emisije evropskih družb zgolj prenesle na druge družbe.
That would not necessarily be better for worldwide emissions of greenhouse gases: it would merely relocate emissions from European companies to other companies.
Za dejansko zmanjšanje emisij bo morda treba uvesti dva standarda, enega za težko in drugega za lahko nafto.
In order to ensure that a genuine reduction is achieved, it may be necessary to introduce two standards: one for heavy oil and one for light oil.
Potrebo po tem pa je mogoče določiti le na podlagi podatkov o dejanskih emisijah, ki jih bodo posredovali proizvajalci goriva.
However, the need for this can only be ascertained on the basis of data on actual emissions by fuel producers.
Poleg tega ne bo enostavno doseči 1-odstotnega zmanjšanja vsako leto.
In addition, the proposed reduction of 1% per annum will be difficult to enforce.
Lažje bo uresničiti 2-odstotno zmanjšanje vsaki dve leti, kar bo prineslo enako zmanjšanje emisij do leta 2020.
A reduction of 2% per two years is easier and will bring about the same emission reduction by 2020.
Celotna veriga
The whole chain
Predlog Komisije izrecno omenja pristop od vira do porabnika.
The Commission proposal specifically mentions a Well to Wheel approach.
To pomeni, da se upoštevajo emisije v celotni verigi.
This means that emissions throughout the chain are taken into account.
Za fosilna goriva veriga obsega ekstrakcijo nafte, plamtenje, primarno obdelavo, prevoz, rafiniranje, distribucijo in emisije, ki nastanejo z zgorevanjem v motorju.
For fossil fuels, the chain comprises oil extraction, flaring, initial processing, transport, refining, distribution and emission upon combustion in the engine.
Za biogoriva velja isto, vendar je pri njih poudarek na uporabi proizvodnih vnosov (kot na primer umetna gnojila) in na spremembi v rabi tal.
For biofuels, the same applies, but there the emphasis is more likely to be on the use of production inputs (such as artificial fertiliser) and changes in land use.
Priloga navaja omenjena merila tako, da so uporabna za nafto, plin, vodik in biogoriva.
The annex lists these criteria in such a way as to render them applicable to oil, gas, hydrogen and biofuels.
Druga možnost bi bil opis različnih metod za vsako vrsto biogoriva, vendar tak pristop zagotavlja, da metoda ni odvisna od tehnologije in da ni prikritega spodbujanja ene vrste biogoriva.
An alternative would be to describe a different method for each biofuel, but this approach guarantees that the method is technology-neutral and that there is no concealed stimulus for one of the fuels.
Dobavitelj goriva se lahko sam odloči za možnost, ki se mu zdi najboljša.
The fuel supplier can himself decide on the option which is optimal for him.
Predlog Komisije se ne nanaša na vodik.
The Commission proposal does not refer to hydrogen.
Vsekakor je pomembno, da imajo dobavitelji goriva na voljo najboljše možnosti in se ne podpira le uporabe biogoriv.
However, it is important to give fuel suppliers optimal choices and not exclusively back the use of biofuels.
Zaradi tega je treba spremeniti člen 2, ki določa področje uporabe.
It is therefore necessary to amend Article 2 defining the scope.
Eno izmed težjih vprašanj je elektrika.
One difficult point is electricity.
Seveda bi bilo dobro, če bi avtomobili delovali s trajnostno proizvedeno elektriko.
Of course it would be good if cars operated on sustainably produced electricity.
Nekateri avtomobilski proizvajalci napovedujejo porast avtomobilov, ki se napajajo preko električnega omrežja, tako da baterije polnijo doma.
Some car manufacturers foresee the rise of plug-in cars whose batteries will be recharged at home.
V številnih primerih pa v ta način niso vključeni sedanji dobavitelji goriva.
In many cases, the present fuel suppliers are not involved in this.
Vključevanje elektrike v področje uporabe je zaželeno, vendar pa dobavitelji goriva ponavadi ne dobavljajo elektrike.
Including electricity in the scope would in principle be desirable, but fuel suppliers do not generally supply electricity.
Trgovinski sistem bi premostil to oviro, vendar bi bila direktiva zato spet bolj zapletena.
A trade system would overcome this problem, but that would make the directive complex again.
Trajnostna merila
Sustainability crite ria
Četudi dobavitelji goriva na različne načine izpolnjujejo obveznosti zmanjševanja emisij, ta cilj nedvomno močno spodbuja k uporabi biogoriv.
Even if fuel suppliers have various ways of complying with reduction obligations, it is undeniable that this objective creates a strong incentive to use biofuels.
V zvezi s tem ni treba posebej poudarjati, da z mešanjem goriv z biogorivi, ki na podlagi analize od vira do porabnika povzročijo celo več emisij toplogrednih plinov ali le neznatno manj, ne bomo dosegli veliko.
It goes without saying, in this connection, that blending fuels with biofuels which, on the basis of a well-to-wheel analysis, emit even more greenhouse gases or very little less will achieve little.
Vključitev merila, ki izrecno določa minimalno zahtevo glede učinka toplogrednih plinov, ni potrebna: dobaviteljem goriva ni treba vmešavati biogoriv s skromno učinkovitostjo ogljikovega dioksida.
Inclusion of a criterion which explicitly lays down a minimum requirement regarding greenhouse gas performance is therefore not necessary: fuel suppliers have no reason to use biofuels for blending whose carbon dioxide efficiency is poor.
Zadeva pa je drugačna, kadar beseda teče o trajnostnih merilih.
It is a different matter when it comes to sustainability criteria.
Upravičeno obstaja zaskrbljenost glede vpliva, ki ga ima širša raba biogoriv na biološko raznovrstnost, okolje in socialne odnose.
There is justified concern about the impact of a large-scale use of biofuels on biodiversity, the environment and social relations.
Vendar pa ni prav enostavno oblikovati meril, ki bodo v skladu s pravili Svetovne trgovinske organizacije.
It is not easy to formulate criteria which accord with the rules of the World Trade Organisation.
Nekaj evropskih držav je v tem oziru že naredilo prvo potezo.
Some European countries have already made a first move.
Priloga VIb na podlagi stališč Združenega kraljestva, Nemčije in Nizozemske oziroma vsaj njihovih začasnih stališč navaja številna merila, ki se ukvarjajo z odprtimi vprašanji glede biogoriv.
On the basis of the positions of the UK, Germany and the Netherlands, or at least their provisional positions, Annex [VIb] lists a number of criteria dealing with the concerns about biofuels.
V primeru socialnih meril je odgovor predvsem v obveznosti, da se spremljajo socialni vplivi in se pridobi soglasje lokalnega prebivalstva.
In the case of the social criteria, the response primarily lies in an obligation to monitor social impact and to obtain the consent of the local population.
V primeru biološke raznovrstnosti obstaja zaskrbljenost glede rabe vode in bližine pomembnih naravnih področij.
In the case of biodiversity, concerns include water use and the proximity of areas of natural interest.
Združljivost z drugo zakonodajo: sistem trgovanja z emisijami in cilj glede biogoriv
Compatibility with other legislation: ETS and biofuel objective
Veliko je razprav glede združljivosti z ostalo zakonodajo in pobudami.
There is much debate about compatibility with other legislation and initiatives.
Evropski svet se strinja z zavezujočim ciljem 10-odstotne primesi biogoriv pod dvema pogojema.
The European Council has agreed to a binding objective of 10% admixture of biofuels on two conditions.
Biogorivo mora biti trajnostno, druga generacija tehnologije pa mora biti ustrezno razvita.
The biofuels must be sustainable, and 2nd generation technology must be sufficiently developed.
Ni treba posebej poudarjati, da morajo biti trajnostni cilji v prilogi k tej direktivi združljivi s splošnim pogojem za trajnost, ki ga je oblikoval Svet.
It goes without saying that the sustainability objectives in the annex to this directive must not be incompatible with the general condition for sustainability formulated by the Council.
Komisija trenutno pripravlja merila.
The Commission is currently drawing up criteria.
Kasneje bo morda v Prilogi VIb zadostovalo sklicevanje na vzpostavljen seznam meril.
At a later stage, it may be possible in Annex VIb to make do with a reference to an established list of criteria.
Drugi vidik združljivosti je trgovanje z emisijami.
There is a second compatibility aspect, namely that relating to emissions trading.
Rafinerije spadajo v sistem trgovanja z emisijami in morajo poročati o svojih emisijah ter kupovati dodatne pravice, če oddajajo več emisij, kot jih imajo pravico oddajati.
Refineries fall under the ETS system and must report their emissions and purchase additional rights if they emit more than they already have the right to.
Po mnenju nekaterih kometnatorjev je to zadostno zagotovilo, da bodo rafinerije v zvezi z emisijami ogljikovega dioksida delovale odgovorno, kar pomeni, da jim ni treba obvezno poročati.
According to some commentators, this provides a sufficient guarantee that refineries will act responsibly in their carbon dioxide emissions, which means that refineries do not need to submit compulsory reports.
Spet drugi menijo, da sistem trgovanja z emisijami deluje kot spodbuda za zmanjšanje ogljikovega dioksida in ne nalaga brezpogojne obveznosti.
On the other hand, there is a view that the ETS only provides an incentive to reduce carbon dioxide and does not impose any absolute obligation.
Navsezadnje se lahko naftne družbe odločijo za nakup pravic za emisije na komercialnem trgu.
Oil companies can, after all, decide to purchase emission rights on the commercial market.
Tako sistem trgovanja z emisijami kot tudi direktiva, ki se trenutno obravnava, zagotavljata spodbude: nobena pa ne nalaga zahteve po izboljšanju učinkovitosti v rafinerijah.
Both the ETS and the directive now under consideration provide incentives: neither of them actually imposes a requirement to improve efficiency at refineries.
Z drugimi besedami, druga drugo medsebojno krepita in si vsaj ne nasprotujeta.
In other words, they reinforce each other and at least do not conflict.
Predlogi sprememb poročevalke so oblikovani tako, da zagotavljajo največjo stopnjo prilagodljivosti, enake pogoje in ambiciozne, vendar odgovorne cilje.
Your rapporteur's amendments are designed to ensure maximum flexibility, a level playing field and ambitious but responsible objectives.
Poleg tega je pomembno, da direktiva ne pogojuje tehnologije v tem smislu, da ne vsebuje dodatnih spodbud za posamezno vrsto goriva ali tehnologijo.
In addition, it is important that the directive should be technology-neutral in the sense that it should not provide extra incentives for a particular fuel or technology.
Če povzamemo, to vključuje naslednje predloge sprememb:
In sum, this involves the following proposed amendments:
- Priloga VIa: smernice za merilne metode, vključno z možnostjo uporabe standardnih vrednosti (privzetih vrednosti), pristop najboljšega tekmeca in po potrebi različne standarde za lahko in težko nafto,
- Annex VIa: guidelines for measuring methods, including the possibility of using standard values (default values), a top-runner approach and, if necessary, different standards for light and heavy oil
- Priloga VIb: trajnostna merila: biološka raznovrstnost in socialne obveznosti,
- Annex VIb: sustainability criteria: biodiversity and social obligations
- razširitev področja uporabe direktive: možnost uporabe vodika za zmanjšanje CO 2 ,
- extending the scope of the directive: the use of hydrogen to reduce CO 2 is made possible
- večja prilagodljivost: 2-odstotno zmanjšanje emisij vsaki dve leti do leta 2020 je primerneje od 1-odstotnega letnega zmanjševanja,
- greater flexibility: emission reduction of 2% per 2 years up to and including 2020 rather than 1% per annum
- zagotovila trajnosti v novem členu 7c.
- guarantees of sustainability in a new Article 7c.
o predlogu Direktive Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta o spremembi Direktive 98/70/ES glede specifikacij motornega bencina, dizelskega goriva in plinskega olja ter o uvedbi mehanizma za spremljanje in zmanjševanje emisij toplogrednih plinov zaradi uporabe goriv za cestni promet ter o spremembi Direktive Sveta 1999/32/ES glede specifikacij goriva, ki ga uporabljajo plovila za plovbo po celinskih plovnih poteh, in o razveljavitvi Direktive 93/12/EGS
on the proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 98/70/EC as regards the specification of petrol, diesel and gas-oil and introducing a mechanism to monitor and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the use of road transport fuels and amending Council Directive 1999/32/EC, as regards the specification of fuel used by inland waterway vessels and repealing Directive 93/12/EEC
Direktiva o kakovosti goriva iz leta 1998 določa skupne specifikacije EU za bencin, dizel in plinsko olje za cestna vozila, tovorne čolne (barže) za celinske plovne poti ter necestno mobilno mehanizacijo, kot so lokomotive, stroji za zemeljska dela in traktorji.
The Fuel Quality Directive, dating from 1998, sets common EU specifications for petrol, diesel and gasoil used in road vehicles, inland waterway barges and non-road mobile machinery such as locomotives, earth moving machinery and tractors.
Ta predlog je revizija Direktive o kakovosti goriva z namenom, da bi postavili nove standarde za goriva za cestni promet in tako dodatno zmanjšali onesnaževanje zraka z žveplom, trdnimi delci in poliaromatskimi ogljikovodiki.
This proposal is a revision of the Fuel Quality Directive, aiming at setting new standards for transport fuels to further reduce air pollution, such as sulphur, particels and polyaromatic hydrocarbons.
Z novimi standardi se bo prispevek goriv za cestni promet pri podnebnih spremembah moral zmanjšati.
Furthermore, the new standards will introduce an obligation to reduce the contribution of road fuels to climate change.
Ta revizija pa bi lahko predstavljala instrument za dosego cilja EU, da do leta 2020 doseže 10-odstotni delež biogoriva pri skupni porabi bencina in dizla za prevoz v EU.
And finally, this revision could be seen as instrumental in achieving the EU-target of a 10% share of biofuels in overall EU transport gasoline and diesel consumption by 2020.
Ključni ukrep predloga je, da dobavitelje goriva prisili, da od leta 2011 zmanjšajo emisije toplogrednih plinov, ki jih povzročajo njihova goriva v svojem življenjskem ciklusu (ob rafiniranju, prevozu in uporabi), za 1 % letno zato, da bi se spodbudil razvoj biogoriv in goriv z nizkim deležem ogljika.
A key measure of the proposal is that, in order to encourage the development of lower-carbon fuels and biofuels, fuel suppliers will be obliged to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions that their fuels cause over their life-cycle (i.e. when they are refined, transported and used) by 1% per year from 2011.
Posledica tega bo 10-odstotno zmanjšanje emisij toplogrednih plinov do leta 2020, kar je 500 milijonov ton CO2.
This will result in a 10% cut of greenhouse gas emissions by 2020, equalling 500 million tonnes of CO2.
Med drugim predvideva tudi, da se za uporabo večjih količin biogoriv v bencinu določi posebna mešanica bencina z višjo dovoljeno vsebnostjo kisikovih spojin (t.i. "kisikovi dodatki), kar vključuje do 10 % etanola.
Secondly, to enable a higher volume of biofuels to be used in gasoline, a new gasoline blend will be established, with higher permitted content of oxygen-containing additives (so-called oxygenates), including up to 10% ethanol.