natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Ravno dejstvo, da se po novem sistemu kvalificirane (dvojne) večine bolj upošteva število prebivalcev, je medvladno konferenco leta 2004 spodbudilo k temu, da je priporočila pregled sestave Evropskega parlamenta v skladu z novim postopkom ter specifičnimi omejitvami in načeli, ki so bila določena, in to dovolj zgodaj pred začetkom veljavnosti novega sistema glasovanja v Svetu, ki je bil takrat predviden za leto 2009
It was precisely the fact that the new system of qualified majority (double majority) implies a reinforced consideration of the population criteria that conducted the 2004 Intergovernmental Conference to foresee that the composition of EP should be reviewed, according to the new procedure and to the specific limits and principles it established, on time for the entry into force of the new voting system in the Council, which was then foreseen for 2009
Protokol 34 o prehodnih določbah za institucije in organe Evropske unije.
Protocol 34 on the transitional provisions relating to the institutions and bodies of the Union.
Kot vemo, pogodba o ustavi ni začela veljati.
As we know, the Constitutional Treaty did not enter into force.
Osnutek revizije pogodb, o katerem zdaj teče razprava, predvideva, da bi novi sistem glasovanja v Svetu začel veljati šele leta 2014.
The draft revision of the treaties currently under discussion now foresees that the new voting system in the Council will only enter into force in 2014.
Na podlagi tega bi lahko ugovarjali, da bi moral tudi Evropski parlament šele takrat dobiti novo sestavo.
This could give ground to argue that the new composition of the EP should also only enter into force by that date.
Vendar je Evropski svet junija izrecno povabil Parlament, da do oktobra predstavi svoj predlog o ponovni razdelitvi sedežev, domnevno zaradi političnega pritiska nekaterih držav članic, za katere je to vprašanje posebej občutljivo in ki zahtevajo, da bi politični dogovor o ponovni razdelitvi dosegli, še preden bi Parlament podal soglasje k splošnim reformam, zapisanim v novi pogodbi.
However, the European Council of last June expressly invited the Parliament to present its proposal concerning the redistribution of seats until next October, presumably due to political pressure from some Member States particularly sensible to this question, which demand that a political agreement on that redistribution be already established before giving its consent to the overall reforms contained in the new treaty.
Vsekakor smo prepričani, da bi se moral Parlament na to prošnjo odzvati pozitivno, zato da bi novi Parlament, izvoljen leta 2009, že lahko uporabljal nova pooblastila, ki so zanj predvidena v osnutku revizije pogodb.
Anyway, it is our conviction that the Parliament should indeed respond positively to the request of the Council, especially because the new Parliament elected in 2009 should benefit of the new powers as foreseen in the draft revision of the treaties.
Ta prošnja Evropskega sveta najbrž pomeni, da bo naš predlog podlaga za politični sporazum, ki ga bo treba prevesti v uradni sklep po novem postopku, potem ko bo reformna pogodba že ratificirana in bo začela veljati.
We are taking as our starting point the principle that the request of the European Council means that our proposal will constitute the basis for a political agreement that will anyway have to be translated into a formal decision according to the new procedure, once the amending treaty is ratified and enters into force.
III – Pravni položaj
III -The legal situation
Razdelitev sedežev v Evropskem parlamentu je zaradi interesov držav zelo kočljivo vprašanje.
The distribution of seats in the European Parliament is a very delicate question, due to national sensitivities.
Pravni okvir za sestavo Evropskega parlamenta je dokaj zapleten.
The legal framework of the composition of the EP is quite complex.
Doslej sta bili sestava Evropskega parlamenta in razdelitev sedežev neposredno določeni s pogodbo.
Until now, the composition of the Parliament and the distribution of its seats have been directly established by the treaty.
Danes ima Parlament 785 poslancev, ki so razdeljeni v skladu s členom 190 pogodbe o ES (kot je bila spremenjena s Pogodbo iz Nice), in členom 21 Protokola o pogojih in načinu sprejema republike Bolgarije in Romunije v Evropsko unijo (ki je priložen pogodbi o pristopu Bolgarije in Romunije k Evropski uniji z dne 25. aprila 2005)
At present, the Parliament is composed of 785 members, distributed according to Article 190 of the EC Treaty (as amended by the Nice Treaty) and to Article 21 of the Protocol concerning the conditions and arrangements for admission of Bulgaria and Romania to the European Union (annexed to the Treaty of 25 April 2005 concerning the accession of Bulgaria and Romania to the European Union)
Po volitvah leta 2009 bo sestava Parlamenta v skladu z že veljavnimi pravili, s katerimi so se strinjale in jih potrdile vse države članice (člen 9, odstavek 2, Akta o pogojih pristopa Republike Bolgarije in Romunije in prilagoditvah Pogodb, na katerih temelji Evropska unija (priloženega omenjeni pogodbi o pristopu z dne 25. april 2005))
For the 2009 elections, however, the composition of the Parliament will be different, according to the rules already into force that were agreed and ratified by all Member States (Article 9, paragraph 2 of the Act concerning the conditions of accession of Bulgaria and Romania and the adjustments to the Treaties on which the Union is founded (annexed to the said treaty of accession of 25 April 2005))
V primerjavi s sedanjim stanjem bi Parlament štel 736 poslancev, razdeljenih med 27 držav članic tako, da bi vse države članice od Latvije naprej (glede na število prebivalcev), razen Nemčije, izgubile nekaj sedežev (največ Francija, Združeno kraljestvo in Italija, in sicer šest, najmanj pa države članice med Švedsko in Latvijo, ki bi jim odvzeli po eno mesto).
This establishes an overall number of 736 MEPS, distributed between the 27 Member States in such a way that all Member States from Latvia upwards (in terms of population), with the exception of Germany, will loose several seats (from a maximum loss of 6 for France, UK and Italy, to a minimum of 1 for all Member States comprised between Sweden and Latvia) compared to the current situation.
Samo Nemčija, Slovenija, Estonija, Ciper, Luksemburg in Malta bi ohranile število sedežev, ki ga imajo sedaj
Only Germany, Slovenia, Estonia, Cyprus, Luxembourg and Malta maintain their current position
Glej tabelo v prilogi I (stran 10), stolpec "Nica" rev (2) 2009–2014. .
See table in Annexed I (page 9), the column "Nice" rev (2) 2009-2014. .
Ta pravni položaj bo v vsakem primeru uporabljen za volitve leta 2009, če reformna pogodba, o kateri sedaj potekajo pogajanja, ne bo začela veljati pravočasno.
This is the legal situation that will in any case apply for the 2009 elections if the amending treaty currently being negotiated does not enter into force soon enough.
Poleg naštetega moramo upoštevati tudi osnutek revizije pogodb, ki predvideva nov postopek razdeljevanja sedežev v Evropskem parlamentu, uvaja pa tudi nekatera specifična pravila (enaka tistim, ki so bila predvidena v pogodbi o ustavi), ki jih je treba upoštevati pri vsaki ponovni razdelitvi
Further to this we should consider the draft revision of the treaties, which creates a new procedure for the distribution of seats in the EP and introduces some specific rules (identical to those foreseen in the Constitutional Treaty) that must be taken into account in any redistribution
Člen I - 20(2):
Article I - 20, paragraph 2:
Njihovo število ne sme preseči sedemsto petdeset.
They shall not exceed seven hundred and fifty in number.
Državljani so v Evropskem parlamentu zastopani proporcionalno degresivno, vendar najmanj s pragom šestih članov na državo članico.
Representation of citizens shall be degressively proportional, with a minimum threshold of six members per Member State.
Nobena država članica nima več kot šestindevetdeset sedežev.
No Member State shall be allocated more than ninety-six seats.
Evropski svet na pobudo Evropskega parlamenta in z njegovo odobritvijo soglasno sprejme evropski sklep o sestavi Evropskega parlamenta ob upoštevanju načel iz prejšnjega pododstavka.“ .
The European Council shall adopt by unanimity, on the initiative of the European Parliament and with its consent, a European decision establishing the composition of the European Parliament, respecting the principles referred to in the first subparagraph. .
─ Glede postopka je predvideno naslednje: tradicionalna opredelitev števila in razdelitve sedežev se ne zapiše več v pogodbe, pač pa jo določi Evropski svet s sklepom, sprejetim soglasno, na pobudo Evropskega parlamenta in z njegovo odobritvijo (člen I-20 PEU, odstavek 2, drugi pododstavek).
─ As far as the procedure is concerned, instead of the traditional definition of the number and the distribution of seats being enshrined in the treaties, it stipulates that these shall be established by a decision of the European Council, adopted by unanimity, on the basis of an initiative of the European Parliament and with its consent (article I-20 TEU, paragraph 2, second subparagraph).
To pomeni, da bo razdelitev sedežev odslej v okviru omejitev, opredeljenih v pogodbah, sodila na področje sekundarne zakonodaje in torej ne bo več predmet primarne zakonodaje.
This means that the distribution of the seats will henceforth become a matter for secondary legislation, within the limits defined in the treaties, and no longer be established in primary law.
To pa dalje pomeni, da bo zanjo pristojno Sodišče Evropskih skupnosti, kadar se načela iz pogodb ne bodo pravilno izvajala.
This means also that it will be submitted to the jurisdiction of the Court of Justice in case the principles established in the treaties will not be implemented in an appropriate way.
─ Glede vsebine pa je treba spoštovati naslednje omejitve in načela (člen I-20, odstavek 2, prvi pododstavek):
─ Concerning the substance, the following limits and principles must be respected (article I-20, paragraph 2, first subparagraph):
─ skupno število sedežev v Parlamentu je omejeno na 750,
─ total size of Parliament limited at 750 seats;
─ nobena država članica ne more imeti več kot 96 sedežev (s čimer se rahlo zmanjša število sedežev večjih držav, zdaj je namreč zgornja meja 99 sedežev – toliko jih ima Nemčija),
─ no Member State can be allocated more than 96 seats (which slightly reduces the weight of bigger countries, since the current ceiling of seats for a Member State is 99 in the case of Germany);
─ najnižji prag je 6 sedežev za državo članico (zdaj jih ima najmanj Malta, in sicer 5).
─ a minimum threshold of 6 seats per Member State (it is at present 5 in the case of Malta).
─ V okviru teh omejitev je treba pri razdelitvi sedežev spoštovati načelo „ padajoče sorazmernosti “.
─ Within these limits, the distribution of seats must respect the principle of “ degressive proportionality ”.
Osnutek pogodbe sicer ne opredeljuje vsebine načela „padajoče sorazmernosti“, ki se ga je vedno omenjalo kot smernico za razdelitev sedežev, čeprav bo tokrat prvič izrecno omenjeno v pogodbah.
However, the draft treaty does not define the content of the principle of "degressive proportionality"- which has traditionally been mentioned by the doctrine as the guideline for the distribution of seats, although this is the first time that it would expressly be mentioned in the treaties.
IV – Smernice za prihodnost
IV- The way forward
Z osnutkom revizije pogodb so ponovno potrjene omejitve, določene v pogodbi o ustavi, in je poudarjeno načelo „padajoče sorazmernosti“.
The draft revision of the treaties reaffirms the limits established in the Constitutional Treaty and emphasises the principle of "degressive proportionality".
Parlament ima nalogo, da določi vsebino tega načela:
It is thus up to the Parliament to give content to this principle of "degressive proportionality":
─ ena od možnosti bi bila izboljšati enačbo, na kateri je temeljil sklep iz leta 1992, da bi ohranili načelo padajoče sorazmernosti, vendar bi začeli z nižjim najmanjšim številom poslancev in bi dodelili manj sedežev na prebivalca in/ali spremenili kategorije glede na število prebivalcev.
─ one option would be to produce a revised version of the formula on which the 1992 decision was based, maintaining the principle of digressive proportionality but starting from a lower minimum number of members and allocating fewer seats per capita and/or altering the population bands.
Ne smemo pa pozabiti, da bi se z elementom padajoče sorazmernosti še bolj zmanjšalo število poslancev iz držav članic z največ prebivalci, saj so z enačbo, četudi spremenjeno, še naprej v ugodnejšem položaju tiste, ki so po številu prebivalcev med srednje velikimi;
It is important to remember, however, that the degressive proportionality element would reduce the parliamentary representation of the most populous Member States even more than in the past, because the formula, even after modification, will continue to benefit the other countries, particularly those with a medium-sized population;
─ naslednja možnost bi bilo linearno zmanjšanje števila sedežev, dodeljenih z doslej uporabljeno formulo.
─ another option would be a linear reduction in the number of seats allocated by the formula used until now.
Postopek širitve bi potem imel enak relativni učinek na razdelitev števila poslancev.
An enlargement process would then have the same relative impact on the distribution of the number of members.
Koeficient zmanjšanja bi bilo treba izračunati po vsakem novem pristopu kot razmerje med zgornjo mejo 750 poslancev ter teoretičnim skupnim številom poslancev, ki bi ga dobili z uporabo sedanje enačbe tako za države članice kot za države pristopnice.
The factor for the reduction would have to be calculated on each new accession, as a function of the ratio of the 750-member limit to the theoretical total number of members that would result from application of the current formula for both current Member States and the accession countries.
Vseeno pa Odbor za ustavne zadeve meni, da zaenkrat za nobeno državo članico ne bi smeli predvideti dodatnega zmanjšanja števila poslancev (glej točki 16 in 18 spodaj).
But the Committee on Constitutional Affairs feels that no further cuts in the number of MEPs of any Member State should be envisaged for the moment (see infra, points 16 and 18).
Zato, da bi pravilu padajoče sorazmernosti dali operativno vsebino, bi se lahko dogovorili o naslednjih načelih:
In trying to give an operational content to the rule of degressive proportionality we could agree on the following principles:
a) načelo učinkovitosti – Evropski parlament ne bi mogel delovati, če bi imel preveč poslancev (zato je omejitev na 750 racionalna);
a) the principle of efficiency – the EP could not function with more than a certain number of members (therefore the limitation to 750 is rational);
b) načelo nacionalnega zastopanja in motiviranosti volivcev – vsaka država članica bi morala imeti minimalno število sedežev, da bi v Evropski parlament poslala ustrezno število poslancev, ki bi predstavljali glavne nacionalne politične tokove, s čimer bi državljane spodbudili h glasovanju in s tem k sodelovanju v demokratičnemu procesu Evropske unije;
b) the principle of national representation and motivation of voters – each Member State should have a minimum number of seats in order to send a relevant number of parliamentarians representing the national political main streams in the EP, thus stimulating the national citizens to participate in voting and consequently in the EU democratic process;
c) načelo evropske solidarnosti – po tem načelu bi se države z več prebivalci sprijaznile z manj sedeži, kot bi jim jih dodelili s strogim izvajanjem načela polne sorazmernosti, zato da bi države z manj prebivalci imele boljšo zastopanost od tiste, do katere bi bile upravičene z uporabo polne sorazmernosti;
c) the principle of European solidarity – following this principle, the more peopled states accept to get less seats than those which could be allocated to them by a strict application of full proportionality in order to let the less peopled states to get a better representation than that to which they would be entitled by the application of full proportionality;
d) načelo relativne sorazmernosti – razmerje med prebivalstvom in številom sedežev je večje, če je država večja, in manjše, če je država manjša;
d) the principle of the relative proportionality – the ratio population / number of seats is bigger the bigger the state is and respectively smaller the smaller the state is;
e) načelo pravične porazdelitve – nobena država ne bo imela več sedežev kot večja država ali manj sedežev kot manjša država;
e) the principle of fair distribution – no state will have more seats than a bigger state or less seats than a smaller state;
Kako nadaljevati glede na povedano?
Within this context, how to go forward?
Idealna druga možnost bi bil sporazum o nesporni matematični enačbi „padajoče sorazmernosti“, ki bi ne bila le rešitev za sedanji pregled, ampak tudi za prihodnje širitve ali prilagoditve, potrebne zaradi demografskih sprememb.
The ideal alternative would be to agree on an undisputed mathematical formula of "degressive proportionality" that would ensure a solution not only for the present revision but for future enlargements or modifications due to demographic changes.
Vendar pa analiza v razpravi predlaganih različnih predlogov v tem smislu jasno kaže, da bi vsaka matematična enačba padajoče sorazmernosti temeljila na nekaterih političnih predpostavkah in bi na koncu privedla do tega, da bi nekatere skupine držav članic imele večjo korist.
However, an analysis of the different proposals in that sense put forward in the debate makes it clear that any mathematical formula for degressive proportionality is based on some prior political assumptions and will result, in the end, in benefiting some groups of Member States.
Na primer, t. i. „parabolična metoda“ je z racionalnega vidika zelo privlačna, vendar koristi le večjim ali manjšim državam, odvisno od tega, ali je krivulja bolj konkavna ali bolj konveksna...
For instance, the so called "parabolic method" is rationally very attractive, but depending whether the curve is more concave or more convex, it will benefit the bigger countries or the smaller countries...
To pomeni, da za težavo, ki je v bistvu politična, ni abstraktne in nepristranske matematične rešitve, ki bi ustrezala vsem.
This means in fact that there is not an abstract, impartial, good for all cases mathematical solution for a problem that is essentially political.
Kljub vsemu je jasno, da je treba načelu padajoče sorazmernosti dati minimalno vsebino, da bi izločili nekatere situacije, ki so očitno v nasprotju s tem načelom.
Nonetheless it is obvious that the principle of degressive proportionality must be given a minimum of content which allows us to rule out some situations as obviously contrary to this principle.
Najbolj očiten način, kako nevtralno opredeliti to vsebino, temelji na razmerju med številom prebivalcev dane države članice in sedeži, ki so ji dodeljeni v Evropskem parlamentu.
The most obvious way of defining that content in neutral terms is based on the ratio between the inhabitants of a given Member State and the seats allocated to that Member State in the European Parliament.
Če bi uporabili načelo polne sorazmernosti, bi bil količnik enak (ali zelo podoben) za vse države članice.
If we were to follow a full proportionality principle this ratio should be the same (or very close) in all Member States.
To pomeni, da bi vsi poslanci Evropskega parlamenta iz vseh držav članic zastopali bolj ali manj enako število prebivalcev (na primer: če predpostavljamo, da bi 27 držav članic leta 2009 še vedno imelo okoli 492 milijonov državljanov in bi Parlament sestavljalo 750 poslancev, bi vsako mesto v Evropskem parlamentu ustrezal približno 657 000 prebivalcem).
This means that every MEP of all Member States should then represent more or less the same number of inhabitants (for instance: in 2009, admitting that the population of the 27 Member States keeps stable around the present 492 million inhabitants, if the Parliament was made up of 750 MEPs each seat in the European Parliament should correspond more or less to 657 000 inhabitants).
Tako ne bi bilo težko izračunati števila poslancev na posamezno državo.
The number of Members attributed to each country would then be rather easy to calculate.
Toda namesto polne sorazmernosti bo z reformno pogodbo vzpostavljen koncept „padajoče sorazmernosti“.
But instead of full proportionality it is a concept of "degressive proportionality" that will be imposed by the amending treaty.
Tako lahko rečemo, da bi se moral količnik razlikovati glede na število prebivalcev različnih držav članic: več ko ima država prebivalcev, višje mora biti število prebivalcev, ki jih zastopa poslanec Evropskega parlamenta; manj ko ima država članica prebivalcev, manjše mora biti število prebivalcev, ki jih zastopa poslanec iz te države.
Consequently, it is fair to say that the ratio should vary according to the size of the population of the different Member States: the bigger the population of a Member State, the higher must be the number of inhabitants that each MEP represents; the smaller the population of a Member State is, the lower must be the number of inhabitants that each MEP of that Member State represents.
Če je razmerje med prebivalstvom in poslanci države članice z manj prebivalci višje (ali enako) razmerju države z več prebivalci, je očitno kršeno načelo padajoče sorazmernosti.
On this ground it becomes clear that if the ratio population/MEPs of a Member State with less population is higher (or even equal) to the ratio of a Member State with more population, then there is a clear breach of the idea of degressive proportionality.
Če analiziramo razdelitev, ki bi veljala v obdobju 2009–2014, in pri tem že upoštevamo spremembe, ki bi neizogibno izhajale iz osnutka revidiranih pogodb, o katerem sedaj potekajo pogajanja, (Nemčija bi izgubila 3 sedeže, namesto 99 bi jih imela 96, Malta pa bi pridobila enega in bi jih imela 6), ugotovimo, da se v nekaterih primerih to pravilo ne upošteva
Indeed, if one analyses the distribution that would apply for the period 2009/2014, already taking into consideration the changes that would inevitably derive from the draft revision of the treaties currently being negotiated (Germany automatically losing 3 seats, from 99 to 96, and Malta automatically gaining 1, from 5 to 6), one concludes that in some cases this rule is not respected
Rezultati so potrjeni, če uporabimo drugačen pristop, s katerim se jasno pokaže relativni položaj vsake države članice glede na razmerje med njenim prebivalstvom in predstavniki v Evropskem parlamentu: razmerje med odstotkom sedežev, ki so dodeljeni posamezni državi članici (glede na celotno število sedežev v Parlamentu), in odstotkom prebivalstva posamezne države članice (glede na celotno prebivalstvo Unije).
These results are confirmed if we follow an alternative approach which shows clearly the relative position of each Member State in what concerns the relation between its population and its representation in the European Parliament: the ratio between the percentage of the seats allocated to each Member State (in terms of the whole number of seats of the Parliament) and the percentage of the population of each Member State (in terms of the whole population of the Union).
Če naj se spoštuje načelo padajoče sorazmernosti, mora biti ta količnik za redkeje poseljene države članice višji kot za tiste, ki so gosteje poseljene.
If "degressive proportionality" is to be respected, then this ratio should be higher for less populated Member States than for more populated Member States.
Lahko pa ugotovimo, da je to pravilo kršeno v nekaterih primerih
What we can conclude however is that this rule is breached in some cases
Preden predlagamo rešitev, pa se moramo odločiti, ali je že treba upoštevati prihodnje širitve ali ne.
Before suggesting a solution, however, we have to decide if we do already deal with possible future enlargements or not.