natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
67. meni, da z uradno razvojno pomočjo ne bo moč izkoreniniti revščine, če se skupina G-20, EU in finančne institucije ne bodo odločno zoperstavile podkupljivim upravam v državah prejemnicah; zato poudarja, da je treba nadgraditi pomoč EU, kar zadeva krepitev davčnih uprav, sodstva in protikorupcijskih agencij v državah v razvoju; poziva države članice EU, naj se borijo proti podkupovanju, ki ga izvajajo podjetja s sedežem v njihovi sodni pristojnosti, ki pa delujejo v državah v razvoju;
Takes the view that ODA will fail to eradicate poverty if the G20, the EU and financial institutions do not take a determined stance in opposing corrupt administrations in recipient countries; stresses, therefore, the need to upgrade the EU's assistance in the area of the strengthening of tax authorities, the judiciary and anti-corruption agencies in developing countries; urges the EU Member States to combat bribery committed by companies which are domiciled in their jurisdictions, but which have operations in developing countries;
72. ugotavlja, da bo gospodarska in finančna kriza mnoge države v razvoju pahnila v novo dolžniško krizo, ter poziva Komisijo in države članice, naj obnovijo prizadevanja za olajšanje dolžniškega dolga držav v razvoju;
Notes that the economic and financial crisis will throw many developing countries into a new debt crisis, and calls on the Commission and the Member States to renew their efforts to alleviate the debt burden on developing countries;
Splošen okvir, v katerem poteka razprava o inovativnem financiranju
The general framework into which the debate on innovative financing is taking place
Svetovna finančna kriza v letih 2007–2009 je pokazala hude pomanjkljivosti regulativnega in nadzornega okvira svetovnega finančnega sistema.
The global economic and financial crisis of 2007-2009 has exposed the severe weaknesses in the regulatory and supervisory framework of the global financial system.
Za sedanje finančne transakcije je značilno, da se je njihov obseg izredno povečal in da je nesorazmerno velik glede na potrebe realnega gospodarstva.
Financial transactions today are characterised by an enormous rise of volume and by a remarkable discrepancy between the volume of financial transactions and of the underlying needs in the "real world".
Poleg tega so vzorci trgovanja, kot so kratkoročna vlaganja in samodejno visokofrekvenčno trgovanje, prevzeli osrednjo vlogo v svetovnih finančnih trendih ter povzročili prekomerno volatilnost in prevzemanje tveganj.
Moreover new trading patterns such as short term investing and automated high frequency trading have taken a central role in the global financial trends and have led to excessive volatility and risk taking.
Očitno je, da je finančni sektor svojo vlogo financiranja potreb realnega gospodarstva preusmeril na kratkoročne dobičke s poslovanjem, ki lahko močno vpliva na tržne cene.
It is clear that the financial sector switched to a large extent its role of financing the needs of the real economy to short term profits through operations that can severely affect market prices.
Finančni krizi v Evropski uniji je v letih 2009 in 2010 sledila fiskalna kriza, ki je povzročila pretiran in v več primerih neupravičen pritisk trgov na državne obveznice.
In EU the financial crisis was followed by a fiscal crisis in 2009-2010, an important factor of which was the excessive and in several occasions unjustified pressures of the markets against national bonds.
V osrčju te krize so bile zopet kratkoročne in zelo špekulativne transakcije, ki so jasno pokazale povezavo med neučinkovito finančno regulacijo in nadzorom ter vzdržnostjo javnih financ.
It was once more short term and highly speculative transactions that were in the middle of that crisis and have underlined the clear connection between inefficient financial regulatorion and supervision and the sustainability of public finances.
Težave, ki so nastale zaradi takšnega ravnanja trgov, so zelo vplivale na javne finance in državljane po celem svetu, ko so bile ob izbruhu krize porabljene milijarde dolarjev za reševanje glavnih akterjev v finančnem sektorju, ki so preveliki, da bi propadli.
The problems caused by that behaviour of the markets were fully impacted on public finances and citizens around the world, when in the outburst of the crisis trillions of dollars were spent on bailing out the main players of the financial sector that were "too big to fail".
Gospodarske stroške krize je treba še podrobno oceniti, saj je ta poleg stroškov reševanja povzročila znatno upočasnitev rasti svetovnega gospodarstva in nezaslišano visoke javnofinančne primanjkljaje (po podatkih OECD za leto 2010 se ocenjuje, da bo treba za konsolidacijo javnih financ v naslednjih letih nameniti 300 do 370 milijard dolarjev).
The economic costs of the crisis are still to be fully assessed, since apart from the bailing out costs, the crisis has led to an important slowdown of the global economy and has triggered unprecedented levels of government deficits (according to 2010 OECD data the estimated size of fiscal consolidation is projected at 300-370 billion dollars for the next years).
Že zdaj pa je jasno, da si svet in Evropska unija ne moreta privoščiti ter ne smeta dopustiti še ene krize podobnih razsežnosti.
However, what is clear by now is that the world and EU can not afford and should not allow for another crisis of a similar magnitude.
V prvih odzivih na svetovni ravni (na vrhunskih srečanjih skupine G-20, ki so sledila izbruhu krize) pa tudi na ravni EU je prevladovalo stališče, da je treba nadaljevati konkretne regulativne in nadzorne spremembe, ki naj bi pomagale oblikovati varnejše finančno okolje in preprečile podobno krizo v prihodnosti.
The first reactions at the global level (in the G20 summits that followed the outburst of the crisis) but also at EU level were to go forward with concrete regulatory and supervisory changes that would help shape a safer financial environment and would prevent similar crisis in the future.
Vendar to ni dovolj: davkoplačevalci nosijo glavno breme stroškov krize ne le prek neposrednih prispevkov, temveč tudi zaradi naraščajoče brezposelnosti, zniževanja prihodkov, manjšega dostopa do socialnih storitev in vedno večje neenakosti.
However this is not enough: taxpayers are assuming today the main burden of the cost of the crisis not only through direct contributions but also due to rising unemployment, falling incomes, reduced access to social services and rise in inequalities.
Za učinkovito in celovito reševanje krize potrebujemo nove instrumente, s katerimi bomo lahko:
In order to provide with comprehensive and integrated responses to the crisis we need new tools which can:
§ omejili špekulacije in znova vzpostavili glavno vlogo finančnega sektorja, to je zadovoljevanje potreb realnega gospodarstva in podpiranje dolgoročnih vlaganj;
§ Curb speculation and reinstore the main role of the financial sector towards covering real economy's needs and supporting long term investments;
§ zagotovili pravično porazdelitev bremena zlasti med ključne finančne akterje;
§ Guarantee a fair distribution of the burden especially amongst the key financial players;
§ ustvarili nova dodatna sredstva za spoprijemanje z glavnimi svetovnimi in evropskimi izzivi, kot so podnebne spremembe in razvojni cilji, ter dosego dolgoročne višje rasti v okviru strategije EU 2020.
§ Create new additional resources to meet the key global and European challenges such as climate change and development goals and to achieve a long term higher growth in the framework of the EU 2020 strategy.
Odločitev o inovativnem financiranju – dvojna korist
The choice of innovative financing - The "Double Dividend"
Za uresničitev teh treh ciljev potrebujemo večnamenske instrumente.
In order to deal with those three targets we need tools that can assume multiple roles.
Običajni instrumenti obdavčitve, ki se osredotočajo le na zvišanje prihodkov, ne zadoščajo.
Traditional taxation tools, focused only on revenues raising, are not sufficient.
Poleg tega omejevanje javne porabe in nadaljnje povečevanje obstoječih davčnih stopenj ne moreta biti trajnostna rešitev glede na sedanje zahteve po spodbujanju svetovne in evropske rasti.
Moreover cuts on public expenditures and further increases of the rates of existing taxation can not be a sustainable response given the current demand for boosting global and European growth.
Inovativni finančni instrumenti so lahko kos današnjim izzivom, saj imajo lahko hkrati regulativno vlogo (na primer s spodbujanjem učinkovitosti, preglednosti in stabilnosti trga) in vlogo povečevanja prihodkov (z ustvarjanjem pomembnih novih sredstev za Evropsko unijo in nacionalne proračune).
Innovative financing tools can address today's challenges as they can assume at the same time a regulatory role (for example by reinforcing market efficiency, transparency and stability) and a revenue raising role (by generating important and new resources for EU and national budgets).
Dodeljevanje dodatnih prihodkov
The allocation of the additional revenues
Evropska unija in nacionalni oblikovalci politik se zanimajo za potencial prihodkov iz teh novih finančnih instrumentov.
EU and national policy makers are focusing their interest on the revenue potential deriving from those new financing tools.
Vendar ne smemo pozabiti, da lahko o novih prihodkih konkretno razpravljamo šele po sprejetju dogovora o uporabi inovativnih instrumentov.
However what we should not forget is that only after an agreement on the implementation of an innovative tool, can we really discuss in concrete regarding the new revenues.
V zvezi z upravljanjem teh prihodkov je treba oblikovati ustrezne argumente in sprejeti ustrezne odločitve.
There are different arguments and choices to be made regarding the management of those revenues.
Vendar bi se morali načeloma strinjati, da je treba za zagotovitev dodane vrednosti potrebnih finančnih instrumentov velik del teh prihodkov dodeliti proračunu Evropske unije za financiranje njenih projektov in politik.
However in principle we should agree that in order for those innovative financing tools to have the added value we need them to have, a substantial part of those revenues should be allocated at a EU budget to finance EU projects and policies.
Ne smemo pozabiti, da je danes odločilnega pomena doseči sporazum in izvajati inovativne finančne instrumente, dodeljevanje prihodkov pa je šele na drugem mestu.
One should not forget that the critical point today is to reach an agreement and implement innovative financing tools, the allocation of revenues coming in second.
Obdavčitev finančnega sektorja
Taxation on Financial Sector
Finančni sektor je v nasprotju s katero koli drugo panogo, ki zagotavlja blago in storitve končnim potrošnikom, v veliki meri neobdavčen.
Contrary to any other industry providing goods and services to final consumers, the financial sector is largely untaxed.
V Evropski uniji se za vse temeljne finančne dejavnosti uporablja osnoven pristop oprostitve plačila DDV.
In EU there is a basic VAT exemption approach for all basic financial activities.
Poleg tega dejavnosti finančnega sektorja znašajo 73,3 % svetovnega BDP, zato njihovo davčno izvzetje pomeni veliko izkrivljanje trga.
At the same time financial sector's activities stand for 73.5% of global GDP and therefore their tax exemption a major market distortion.
Ideja o davku na finančne transakcije – ki je prisotna vse od leta 1930 – je zelo pomembna, zlasti danes, ko se soočamo s posledicami krize.
The idea of a tax on financial transactions (FTTs) -already suggested since 1930s - presents an important advantage especially today in the aftermath of the crisis.
Z uvedbo davka na finančne transakcije lahko omejimo špekulacije in stabiliziramo trge, ustvarimo spodbude za dolgoročna vlaganja, zagotovimo revizijsko sled za vse transakcije in tako okrepimo preglednost ter zagotovimo, da bodo finančni akterji prevzeli pravični delež stroškov krize.
By placing an FTT we can curb speculation and stabilize markets, we can create incentives for long term investments, we can put an audit trail on every transaction and thus reinforce transparency and we can make the financial actors assume their fair share for the cost of the crisis.
Poleg tega lahko 0,05-odstotni davek na finančne transakcije, s katerim lahko ustvarimo približno 200 milijard EUR prihodkov v Evropski uniji in 650 milijard USD na svetovni ravni, odločilno prispeva k zagotavljanju potreb po novih trajnostnih virih.
Moreover with the revenues potential of a 0.05% FTT being nearly 200 bn € in EU and 650 bn $ at global level, it can decisively contribute to the need for new and sustainable resources.
Svetovna kriza je pokazala potrebo po ukrepih na svetovni ravni, zato je uvedba davka na finančne transakcije na svetovni ravni najboljši način napredovanja.
The global crisis has revealed the need for global responses and therefore the introduction of a global scale FTT is of course the best possible way to move forward.
Vendar se zdi, da se kljub naprednim pogledom z vrhunskih srečanj skupine G-20 neposredno po krizi vračamo k običajnemu poslovanju.
However and in spite of the progressive views of the G20 summits right after the crisis, there seems to be today a retreat towards "business as usual".
Če tega zagona ne bomo izkoristili in ne bomo ukrepali, iz krize ne bomo mogli potegniti pravih zaključkov, naše gospodarstvo pa bo v prihodnjih letih izpostavljeno novim udarcem.
If we leave this momentum go by and opt for inaction, we will be unable to draw the right lessons of the crisis and deem our economies for yet another hit in the years to come.
Evropska unija je danes največji finančni trg na svetu, zato ni v njenem interesu, da bi se skrivala za pomanjkanjem volje svojih mednarodnih partnerjev, temveč da bi utirala pot tako na svetovni kot na evropski ravni.
EU is today the biggest financial market of the world and as such its own interest is not to "hide" behind the reluctance of its international partners but to lead the way both at global and European level.
Komisija bi morala čim prej predložiti dolgo pričakovano oceno učinka o izvedljivosti davka EU na finančne transakcije – Evropski parlament jo je zahteval že marca 2010, vendar je v sporočilih Komisije iz aprila in oktobra 2010 ni bilo.
The long anticipated impact assessment by the Commission on the feasibility of an EU FTT - already asked by the EP since March 2010 but absent from the Commission's Communications of April and October 2010 - should be presented as soon as possible.
Morala bi biti prvi korak k oblikovanju zakonodajnih predlogov o uvedbi davka EU na finančne transakcije.
It should constitute the first step towards legislative proposals for the introduction of an EU FTT.
Hkrati bi Evropska unija s tem dobila pooblastilo za izvajanje pritiska na ravni skupine G-20.
At the same time this will provide a clear mandate for the EU to put pressure at G20 level.
Kar zadeva argument poslabšanja konkurenčnega položaja, ki bi ga lahko povzročila enostranska uvedba davka EU na finančne transakcije, nedavna primera kolkovine v Združenem kraljestvu ali davka na finančne transakcije v Hongkongu kažeta, da lahko dobro oblikovan davek na finančne transakcije učinkovito obvladuje takšno tveganje in preprečuje pomanjkljivosti pri transkacijah.
Regarding the argument on competitiveness risks possibly caused by unilateral introduction of an EU FTT, the recent examples of UK stamp duty or of the Hong Kong FTT show that a well designed FTT can efficiently deal with that risk and avoid transaction flaws.
Poleg tega vlagatelji ne bodo hoteli sprejeti manj znanih ali nepreglednih jurisdikcij, če bodo transakcijski stroški nizki.
Moreover investors are not going to be keen to opt for less known or opaque jurisdictions if the transaction costs are low.
Glavni akterji, ki si bodo želeli seliti izven Evropske unije, bodo trgovci, ki trgujejo na izredno kratek rok (ti bodo prevzeli glavno breme), vendar je to lahko kljub odlivu dela kratkoročnih transakcij iz Evropske unije dodana vrednost za evropsko gospodarstvo.
The main actors tempted to "migrate" will be the extremely short term traders (which will assume the main burden), but even if parts of short term transactions fly outside EU, this could be of an added value for the European economy.
Glavne značilnosti davka EU na finančne transakcije bi morale biti:
The main features for an EU FTT should be:
§ nizka stopnja med 0,01 % in 0,05 %, da ne bi bilo večjega tveganja za pomanjkljivosti pri transakcijah;
§ Low rate, between 0.01% and 0.05% so that there is no important risk for transaction flaws;
§ široka davčna osnova, ki bi vključevala vse vrste transakcij, da bi omogočili enake pogoje in preprečili zatekanje k delom finančnega sektorja, ki so s predpisi manj omejeni;
§ Broad tax base including every type of transaction, in order to enable a level playing field and avoid flaws towards less regulated parts of the financial sector;
§ jasno opredeljene oprostitve plačila in mejne vrednosti ob upoštevanju potreb malih vlagateljev.
§ Clearly defined exemptions and thresholds, taking into account the needs of the retail and small investors.
Sedanja razprava poleg davka na finančne transakcije zajema še dva instrumenta: dajatve za banke in davke na finančne dejavnosti..
Additionally to FTT the current debate on the taxation of financial sector includes two other instruments: bank levies and Financial Activities Taxes (FATs).
Oba naj bi podpirala Mednarodni denarni sklad in Komisija.
Both of them seem to have the support from IMF and the Commission.
Vendar je poleg tega, da je potencial prihodkov manjši kot pri davku na finančne transakcije, glavna značilnost obeh, da nimata „regulativne vrednosti“.
However apart from the fact that the revenue potential of both is lower than the one from FTT, the main characteristic in both cases is the absence of the "regulatory value".
Niti dajatve za banke niti davki na finančne dejavnosti ne morejo neposredno prispevati k omejevanju špekulacij ter krepitvi stabilnega in učinkovitega trga.
Neither bank levies nor FATs can directly contribute to curbing speculation and reinforcing market stability and efficiency.
Dajatve za banke temeljijo na bilančnih postavkah, iz katerih so izvzete transakcije v bančnih sistemih v senci, ki so največje tveganje finančnega vzvoda.
Bank levies are based on balance sheet positions leaving outside the transactions in shadow banking systems, which are the ones presenting the main leverage risks.
Davki na finančne dejavnosti obdavčujejo dobičke iz naslova finančnih transakcij, vendar ne upoštevajo kakovosti transakcije,
FATs constitute taxation on the profits deriving from financial transactions but irrespective of the "quality" transaction itself.
zato nikakor ne morejo biti alternativa davku na finančne transakcije.
Therefore they can in no way constitute an alternative to a FTT.
Oba instrumenta pa imata lahko dodatno vlogo:
Each one however can assume a supplementary role:
dajatve za banke kot instrument za financiranje nacionalnih skladov za reševanje krize v bančnem sektorju, ki bi v primeru prihodnje krize zagotavljal, da bi ta sam nosil svoje stroške;
Bank levies as a tool to finance national crisis resolution funds in the banking sector, ensuring that in the case of a next crisis its costs will be bared by the sector itself.
davki na finančne dejavnosti kot dodaten instrument v primeru, da bi bili prihodki finančnega sektorja po uvedbi davka na finančne transakcije še vedno pretirano visoki in bi bilo treba zaradi upoštevanja načela pravične obdavčitve uvesti dodaten davek.
FATs as an additional tool in the case that after introducing FTT the rents of financial sector continue to be excessively high and taxation equity principle would imply additional tax.
Že dolgo poteka razprava o ideji skupnega evropskega finančnega instrumenta, ki bo omogočal skupno upravljanje dolgov prek medsebojnega združevanja dela državnih dolgov.
The idea for a common European financial instrument that will enable a common debt management through the mutual pooling of parts of national sovereign debt has been debated for a long time.
Vendar je zaradi nedavne finančne in davčne krize bolj kot kdajkoli prej postalo očitno, da je treba okrepiti gospodarsko upravljanje ter uvesti trajne instrumente in mehanizme.
However in the light of the recent financial and fiscal crisis, the need for reinforcing economic governance and putting in place permanent tools and mechanisms became more clear than ever.
Zato je danes bolj kot kdajkoli prej potrebna poglobljena ocena učinka, v kateri bodo podrobno analizirane različne možnosti v zvezi z euroobveznicami.
In that sense it is today more appropriate than ever to go through with an in depth impact assessment fully analyzing the different potentials vis a vis Eurobonds.
Ideja o euroobveznicah je hkrati povezana s financiranjem ključnih projektov in infrastrukture na ravni Evropske unije.
At the same time the idea of Eurobonds has been also linked to financing key projects and infrastructures at EU level.
To je dodatna možnost, ki jo pozdravljamo, zato pozivamo k njeni vključitvi v omenjeno študijo izvedljivosti.
This is an additional potential that we can welcome and ask to be included in the abovementioned feasibility study.
Glede na raznoliko vlogo euroobveznic bi bila dodana vrednost tudi, da bi podrobno ocenili možnost vzpostavitve trajne institucije Evropske unije, ki bi bila pristojna za njihovo izdajanje in upravljanje.
Given that Eurobonds are now assuming a diverse role it would also be of added value to fully assess the possibility to establish a permanent EU institution under the responsibility of which Eurobonds issuing and managing will fall.
Obdavčitev energetskega sektorja
Taxation of the energy sector
Sektorji, kot na primer sektor dela, trenutno nosijo glavno davčno breme, nasprotno pa sektorji z visokimi eksternalijami ne nosijo poštenega deleža bremena.
Sectors like labour are currently assuming the main tax burden and sectors with important and negative externalities in the contrary are not assuming their fair share.
V to kategorijo poleg finančnega sektorja spada tudi sektor dejavnosti, ki onesnažujejo okolje.
Apart form the financial sector, the sector of environmental polluting activities falls in that category.
Uvesti moramo načelo onesnaževalec plača, da bi omogočili prenos davčnega bremena z dejavnika dela na onesnažujoče dejavnosti.
We need to put in force the principle "the polluter pays" in order to enable the shift of tax burden from labour to polluting activities.
Sistem EU za trgovanje z emisijami trenutno zajema le specifične dele evropskega gospodarstva, v glavnem industrijske sektorje.
Currently the EU ETS covers only specific parts of the European economy and mainly industrial sectors.
Direktiva o obdavčitvi energije tudi ne razlikuje med storitvami, ki povzročajo emisije z nizko ali visoko vsebnostjo CO 2 , niti ne uporablja meril v zvezi z energijsko vsebnostjo ali energetsko učinkovitostjo.
At the same time the Directive on Energy Taxation makes no differentiation between low and high CO2 content services neither does it use the criteria of energy content or energy efficiency.
Takšen nevtralen pristop ni v prid energetsko učinkovitih goriv, dejavnosti in izdelkov brez ogljika ter je popolnoma neskladen z glavnimi cilji Evropske unije v zvezi s podnebnimi spremembami.
This neutral approach constitutes a disadvantage regarding energy efficient fuels, carbon free activities and products and is completely inconsistent with the main EU climate change goals.
Nekatere države članice so se s to neskladnostjo že spoprijele na nacionalni ravni z uvedbo davka na ogljikov dioksid.
Some Member States have already dealt with this inconsistency at national level by introducing a carbon tax.
Čeprav bi morali takšne pobude pozdraviti, je potreba po usklajenem pristopu EU bistvena za delovanje notranjega trga.
Although we should welcome such initiatives, the need for a coordinated EU approach is substantial for the functioning of the internal market.
Sedanjo direktivo o obdavčitvi energije moramo spremeniti, tako da bi vanjo vključili merila v zvezi z emisijami CO 2 in energijsko vsebnostjo.
We need to revise the current Energy Taxation Directive in order to include the criteria of CO2 emissions and energy content.