natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Njihovo življenje je precej oteženo tudi zaradi predsodkov, izključenosti in javnega zavračanja tako s strani države kot s strani družbe.
Furthermore, prejudice, exclusion and public repudiation by both state forces and social actors weigh heavily in their lives.
Številne zagovornice človekovih pravic imajo tudi vsakdanje obveznosti glede skrbi za majhne otroke ali ostarele starše in pogosto zelo težko vztrajajo pri svojem delu na področju človekovih pravic, ker se zavedajo, da bi jim aretacija in pridržanje onemogočila izpolnjevanje njihove vloge v družini.
Many women human rights defenders have also a day-to-day responsibility for the care of young children or elderly parents and often find it very hard to continue their human rights work knowing that arrest and detention would prevent them from fulfilling that role in the family.
Ta posebni položaj je priznan v smernicah EU, ki poudarjajo, da je pomembno, da se zagovornike človekovih pravic obravnava glede na spol in da morajo misije posvečati posebno pozornost posebnim tveganjem, s katerimi se soočajo zagovornice človekovih pravic.
This particular situation is recognised in the EU Guidelines, which underline that it is important to apply a gender perspective when approaching the issue of human rights defenders and ask missions to pay particular attention to the specific risks faced by women human rights defenders.
Na ravni EU so se med številnimi predsedovanji že izvajale posebne kampanje za okrepitev prizadevanj in izboljšanje pomoči zagovornicam človekovih pravic.
Special campaigns to increase efforts and better reach out to women human rights defenders have been carried out at EU-level, during several Presidencies.
Druge skupine in kategorije zagovornikov, ki so posebej izpostavljeni napadom in kršitvam človekovih pravic zaradi dela, ki ga opravljajo, zlasti v skladu s poročilom posebnega predstavnika zagovornikov človekovih pravic iz leta 2007, priznani pa so bili tudi v zadnji spremembi smernic EU leta 2008, pa so zagovorniki, ki si prizadevajo za širjenje gospodarskih, socialnih in kulturnih pravic, in tisti, ki se ukvarjajo s pravicami manjšin, domorodnih ljudstev, lezbijk, gejev, biseksualcev in transseksualcev.
Other groups and categories of defenders who are particularly exposed to attacks and human rights violations as a result of the work they carry out, according notably to the 2007 report of the Special Representative of Human rights defenders and recognised in the last revision of the EU Guidelines in 2008, include defenders working to promote economic, social and cultural rights and those working with minorities' rights, indigenous peoples and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people.
ZN in regionalni zaščitni mehanizmi za zagovornike človekovih pravic
UN and Regional protection mechanisms for human rights defenders
Posebni poročevalec ZN
The UN Special Rapporteur
Leta 2000 je Komisija za človekove pravice prosila generalnega sekretarja, naj določi mandat za zagovornike človekovih pravic, ki bo podprl izvajanje deklaracije o zagovornikih človekovih pravic in zbiral informacije o dejanskem položaju zagovornikov človekovih pravic po svetu.
In 2000, the Commission on Human Rights asked the Secretary-General to establish a mandate on human rights defenders, to give support to the implementation of the Declaration on human rights defenders and also to gather information on the actual situation of human rights defenders around the world.
Do leta 2008 je mesto zasedala Hina Jilani, potem pa jo je nadomestila Margaret Sekaggya.
This post was occupied by Mrs Hina Jilani until 2008, when she was replaced by Ms. Margaret Sekaggya.
Mandat za zagovornike človekovih pravic je širok in določa, da so glavne vloge posebnega poročevalca:
The mandate on human rights defenders is broad and stipulates that the Special Rapporteur’s main roles are:
· iskati, sprejemati in preučevati informacije o položaju zagovornikov človekovih pravic ter odgovarjati nanje;
· seek, receive, examine and respond to information on the situation of human rights defenders;
· vzpostaviti sodelovanje in voditi dialog z vladami in drugimi zainteresiranimi stranmi o uveljavljanju in učinkovitem izvajanju deklaracije;
· establish cooperation and conduct dialogue with governments and other interested actors on the promotion and effective implementation of the Declaration;
· priporočiti učinkovite strategije, ki bodo bolje zaščitile zagovornike človekovih pravic, in spremljati uresničevanje teh priporočil;
· recommend effective strategies better to protect human rights defenders and follow up on these recommendations;
Posebni poročevalec v ta namen predlaga letno poročilo svetu za človekove pravice in generalni skupščini, opravlja državne obiske in prevzema posamezne primere, ki so v interesu vlad.
In order to do this, the Special Rapporteur presents an annual report to the HRC and General Assembly, undertakes country visits, and takes up individual cases of concern with Governments.
Slednje se pogosto opravi z nujnimi pismi.
The latter is often done through urgency letters.
Od oblikovanja mandata je bilo poslanih več kakor 2100 sporočil v okoli 120 držav o položaju 3600 zagovornikov človekovih pravic.
Since the creation of the mandate, over 2100 communications to some 120 countries on the situation of 3600 human rights defenders have been sent.
V svojem prvem poročilu se je Margaret Sekaggya osredotočila zlasti na UPR kot mehanizem strateške vrednosti za pregledovanje in po možnosti izboljšanje položaja zagovornikov človekovih pravic v obravnavanih državah.
In her first report, Ms Sekaggya focuses mainly on the UPR as a mechanism of strategic value in reviewing and hopefully improving the situation of human rights defenders in states reviewed.
Medameriška komisija za človekove pravice (IACHR) je neodvisen mehanizem OAS, ustanovljena pa je bila za uveljavljanje in varstvo človekovih pravic v Severni in Južni Ameriki.
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) is an independent mechanism of the OAS and was created to promote and protect human rights across the Americas.
Enota tudi svetuje IACHR glede posameznih peticij zagovornikov človekovih pravic za previdnostne ukrepe, ki se lahko odredijo, ko osebi grozi „resna in nepopravljiva škoda“ zaradi kršenja njenih pravic.
It also advises the IACHR on individual petitions by human rights defenders for precautionary measures, which may be ordered when a person is at risk of "serious and irreparable harm" as a result of their rights being violated.
Previdnostni ukrepi obsegajo varnostne ukrepe in preiskave groženj ali drugih kršitev proti zagovornikom človekovih pravic, da bi odstranili vzroke in preprečili njihov ponoven nastanek.
Precautionary measures include both security measures and investigations of the threats or other violations against human rights defenders, in order to address the root causes and prevent them happening again.
Decembra 2003 je urad OVSE za demokratične ustanove in človekove pravice (ODIHR) v Varšavi sprejel poseben program o svobodi združevanja in leta 2007 začel z vzpostavitvijo kontaktne točke za zagovornike človekovih pravic.
In December 2003, the OSCE’s Warsaw-based Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) created a special programme on freedom of association and has, since 2007, established a Focal Point for human rights defenders.
Ta kontaktna točka „tesno spremlja položaj zagovornikov človekovih pravic, odkriva pereča vprašanja in si prizadeva uveljavljati in varovati njihove interese“.
This Focal Point “closely monitors the situation of human rights defenders, identifies issues of concern, and seeks to promote and protect their interests.”
ODIHR tudi pripravlja letna poročila o zagovornikih človekovih pravic v regiji OVSE.
ODIHR also issues annual reports on human rights defenders in the OSCE region.
Svet Evrope
The Council of Europe
Februarja 2008 je odbor ministrov Sveta Evrope sprejel deklaracijo o ukrepih Sveta Evrope za boljšo zaščito zagovornikov človekovih pravic in promocijo njihovih dejavnosti.
In February 2008, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe adopted the Declaration on CoE action to improve the protection of human rights defenders and promote their activities.
Deklaracija poudarja, da je prva naloga držav vzpostaviti okolje, ki bo podpiralo delo zagovornikov človekovih pravic in omogočalo posameznikom, skupinam in združenjem opravljanje miroljubnih dejavnosti za uveljavljanje in varstvo človekovih pravic brez omejitev, razen tistih, ki so dovoljene na podlagi Evropske konvencije o človekovih pravicah.
The Declaration recalls that states have the primary responsibility to create a conducive environment for the work of human rights defenders, which enables individuals, groups and associations to carry out peaceful activities for the promotion and protection of human rights without restrictions other than those authorised under the European Convention on Human Rights.
V njej so navedeni razni ukrepi, ki jih države sprejmejo v ta namen, na primer krepitev sodnega sistema, zagotavljanje obstoja učinkovitih pravnih sredstev, izvajanje hitrih, neodvisnih in smiselnih kazenskih preiskav, krepitev zmogljivosti in pristojnosti varuhov človekovih pravic in nacionalnih institucij za človekove pravice, da sprejemajo pritožbe, ter zagotovitev učinkovitega dostopa do Evropskega sodišča za človekove pravice (ESČP) in drugih mehanizmov za varstvo človekovih pravic.
It lists different measures to be taken by states in this regard, such as strengthening the judicial system, ensuring the existence of effective remedies, carrying out prompt, independent and meaningful criminal investigations, strengthening the capacities and competencies of ombudspersons and national human rights institutions to receive complaints and ensuring effective access to the European Court on Human Rights (ECtHR) and other human rights’ protection mechanisms.
Države članice Sveta Evrope morajo tudi zagotoviti varnostne ukrepe za hitro pomoč zagovornikom človekovih pravic, ki so ogroženi v tretjih državah, vključno z opazovanjem sojenj in izdajanjem izrednih vizumov.
Council of Europe member states are also requested to provide protective measures for swift assistance of human rights defenders at risk in third countries, including observation of trials and the issuance of emergency visas.
Deklaracija je podprla prakso, ki jo je razvil komisar Sveta Evrope za človekove pravice, da podpira in zagotavlja varstvo zagovornikom človekovih pravic, in povabila komisarja, naj okrepi vlogo in položaj svoje funkcije.
The Declaration endorsed the developed practice of the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights to support and provide protection to human rights defenders and invited the Commissioner to strengthen the role and capacity of his Office.
V okviru spodbujanja učinkovitega spoštovanja in uživanja človekovih pravic na območju Sveta Evrope si komisar za človekove pravice, neodvisna in nepristranska institucija, prizadeva preučiti dejansko stanje na področju človekovih pravic v vsaki državi članici, se odzivati na probleme in svetovati, če je primerno, o popravnih ukrepih.
In the framework of the promotion of the effective observance and full enjoyment of human rights in the Council of Europe area, the Commissioner for Human Rights, an independent and impartial institution, endeavours to assess the concrete human rights situation in each member state, to react to problems and give advice, when relevant, on corrective measures.
Dejavnosti komisarja v podporo zagovornikom človekovih pravic obsegajo:
The Commissioner’s activities in support of human rights defenders include:
• spremljanje položaja zagovornikov človekovih pravic na nacionalni in regionalni ravni, da bi odkril vrzeli in pomanjkljivosti v nacionalnih zakonodajah, predpisih in praksah, ki lahko vplivajo na njihove delovne pogoje in varnost;
• Monitoring of the situation of human rights defenders at national and regional levels with a view to identify gaps and shortcomings in national legislations, regulations and practices, which may affect their working conditions and safety;
• javno poročanje o položaju zagovornikov človekovih pravic;
• Reporting publicly on the situation of human rights defenders;
• posredovanje v nujnih primerih, ko so ogroženi zagovorniki človekovih pravic, javno ali na zaupen način, zlasti tako, da poziva vlade, naj izpolnijo svoje obveznosti na področju človekovih pravic, in jim pomaga poiskati rešitve težav, s katerimi se soočajo zagovorniki;
• Intervening in urgent cases of human rights defenders at risk, publicly or through confidential means, notably calling upon the governments to implement their human rights obligations and to assist them in looking for solutions to problems which defenders may face;
• mreže za ozaveščanje in krepitev ozaveščenosti javnosti.
• Public awareness raising and strengthening networks .
Komisarjeva spletna stran ima posebno stran, posvečeno zagovornikom človekovih pravic;
The website of the Commissioner has a particular page dedicated to human rights defenders;
• sodelovanje, usklajevanje in dopolnjevanje s ključnimi partnerji in akterji, kot so posebni poročevalec ZN za zagovornike človekovih pravic, OVSE/ODIHR, EU, nevladne organizacije in nacionalne strukture za človekove pravice.
• Co-operation, co-ordination and complementarity with key partners and actors such as the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Human Rights Defenders, the OSCE-ODIHR, the EU, non-governmental organisations and National Human Rights Structures.
V ta namen je Komisija ustanovila delovno skupino.
For this purpose the Commissioner has set up a task force.
Smernice EU glede zagovornikov človekovih pravic
EU Guidelines on Human Rights Defenders
Smernice EU glede zagovornikov človekovih pravic so bile sprejete leta 2004 in posodobljene leta 2008, da bi tako poenostavili ukrepe EU za zaščito zagovornikov človekovih pravic.
The EU guidelines on human rights defenders were adopted in 2004 and updated in 2008, in order to streamline EU actions in favour of human rights defenders.
V njih so konkretni predlogi, zlasti za misije EU v tretjih državah, za spremljanje položaja zagovornikov človekovih pravic, na primer v zbirkah podatkov o človekovih pravicah, pa tudi o podpori z jasnim priznavanjem, z rednimi stiki ali po potrebi z opazovanjem sojenj.
They give concrete proposals, especially to EU Missions in third countries, on monitoring the situation of HRDs e.g. in the human rights fact sheets, as well regarding support through visible recognition, by regular contacts or through trial observation, when necessary.
Drugi pomemben vidik je podpora mehanizmom ZN in usklajevanje z drugimi regionalnimi instrumenti, pa tudi potreba po uporabi razvojne politike tudi za varstvo zagovornikov človekovih pravic.
Support for the UN mechanisms and coordination with other regional instruments is another important aspect, as well as the need to use the development policy also to protect HRDs.
Medtem ko so smernice zelo pomembno orodje in predstavljajo zavezo EU, so tako notranja ocena Sveta leta 2006
While the guidelines are a very important tool and represent a commitment by the EU, both internal evaluations by the Council in 2006
Sklepi Sveta o smernicah EU glede zagovornikov človekovih pravic kot tudi zunanje ocene, kot je poročilo organizacije Amnesty International leta 2007
Council Conclusions on EU Guidelines on human rights defenders , or external assessments, such as a report of Amnesty International in 2007
The European Union and human rights defenders“, Amnesty International, maja 2007,
The European Union and human rights defenders ”, Amnesty International May 2007,
Indeks AI: EUR 01/007/2007, , pokazale, da obstaja vrzel med željami in dejanskim izvajanjem.
AI Index: EUR 01/007/2007, , showed that there was a gap between the ambition and the actual implementation.
Sklepi Sveta so vsebovali številna priporočila vodjem misij, državam članicami in institucijam EU o dejavnostih za ozaveščanje, okrepljenem usposabljanju, proaktivnejšem informiranju in krepitvi podpore.
The Council conclusions contained a wide set of recommendations to both Heads of Missions, Member States and the EU institutions, on awareness raising activities, increased training, more proactive outreach and strengthened support.
Odtlej so bila določena prizadevanja posvečena tudi razvoju lokalnih strategij za izvajanje in ustanavljanju lokalnih skupin za človekove pravice na ravni EU v tretjih državah, da bi zagotovili tesnejše sodelovanje med različnimi misijami, vendar je treba postoriti še veliko.
Since then, some effort has been put into developing local strategies for implementation, and the setting up of local human rights groups at EU level in third countries, in order to assure increased coordination between different missions, but much still needs to be done.
Medtem ko so številna priporočila še veljavna oziroma jih je še treba pretvoriti v konkretne ukrepe, postavlja ustanovitev Evropske službe za zunanje delovanje njihovo izvajanje v nov okvir z novimi izzivi.
While many of the recommendations remain valid, or still needs to be transformed into concrete action, the creation of the European External Actions Service puts their implementation in a new challenging context.
Zagovorniki človekovih pravic imajo seveda pomembno vlogo tudi pri izvajanju številnih drugih smernic, pri čemer lahko istočasno tudi druge smernice služijo za podporo njim.
Human rights defenders are of course also important actors for the implementation of many of the other guidelines, at the same time as other guidelines can serve as a tool for their support.
Eden izmed primerov so dialogi o človekovih pravicah, ki jih pogosto pripravljajo seminarji civilne družbe, da bi vnesli nove informacije v dialog, medtem ko nekateri dialogi nudijo tudi možnost odpiranja posameznih primerov ali vsaj razpravljanja o položaju in težavah, s katerimi se soočajo zagovorniki.
One example are the human rights dialogues, often prepared by civil society seminars, with the idea to give input to the dialogue, while some dialogues also give the opportunity to raise individual cases, or at least to discuss the situation and problems faced by the defenders.
Evropski instrument za demokracijo in človekove pravice je finančni instrument EU za podporo človekovim pravicam in demokraciji, ki se izvaja predvsem v sodelovanju z organizacijami civilne družbe.
The European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights is the EU's financial instrument for support to human rights and democracy, mainly implemented in cooperation with civil society organisations.
Ena od novosti v uredbi, sprejeti leta 2006, omogočena z revizijo finančne uredbe, je ta, da je zdaj mogoče podpirati tudi nepriznane nevladne organizacije, ki so lahko posebej pomembne za tiste, ki delajo v posebej težkih razmerah, zajetih v cilju 1 instrumenta, in predstavlja korak naprej v podpori EU zagovornikom človekovih pravic.
One of the novelties in the regulation adopted in 2006, possible through a revision of the financial regulation, is that it can now also give support to non-recognised NGO's, which can be particularly important for those working in particularly difficult situations, covered by objective 1 of the instrument, and a step forward for EU's support to human rights defenders.
Med pogajanji o uredbi (ES 1889/2006) je bila ena od absolutnih prednostnih nalog Evropskega parlamenta uvedba mehanizma za nujne primere za podporo zagovornikom človekovih pravic.
During the negotiations on the regulation (EC 1889/2006), one of the absolute priorities of the European Parliament was the introduction of an emergency mechanism to support human rights defenders.
Člen 9 uredbe z naslovom Ad hoc ukrepi določa, da „lahko Komisija zagovornikom človekovih pravic, ki se odzovejo na nujno potrebo po zaščiti, dodeli majhna sredstva na ad hoc osnovi“.
Article 9 of the regulation, under the title Ad hoc Measures, reads: "the Commission may allocate small grants on an ad hoc basis to human rights defenders responding to urgent protection needs".
Namen je bil zlasti omogočiti delegacijam EU možnost razpolaganja z nekaj proračunskimi sredstvi za pomoč zagovornikom človekovih pravic v nevarnosti, da se jim na primer omogoči odhod iz države.
The idea was mainly to give EC delegations the possibility to dispose of a small envelope to help HRDs in danger, e.g. to facilitate exit from a country.
Ta vrsta neposredne podpore posamezniku je bila možna šele po spremembi finančne uredbe, vendar se je uporabljala samo v zelo omejenem obsegu.
This kind of direct assistance to an individual was only possible after changes to the financial regulation, but has only been carried out to a very limited degree.
Posamezniki so prejemali to pomoč na predlog delegacij, ob usklajevanju z organizacijami, ki so prejemale sredstva iz EIDHR.
However, on the proposal of delegations, in coordination with organisations receiving funding from EIDHR, individuals have benefitted from this assistance.
Dolgoročne potrebe zagovornika človekovih pravic (razen letalske vozovnice bo imel(-a) seveda tudi druge potrebe, ko bo na varnem) morda niso bile dovolj upoštevane, ko so bili predvideni ti ukrepi, vendar obstaja še ena pomembna točka pri iskanju politične odgovornosti.
The long-term needs of a human rights defender (apart from an flight ticket, he/she will of course have other needs once in safety) have possibly not been sufficiently taken into account when foreseeing these measures, but there is still a valid point when asking for a political responsibility.
Poleg tega, da se osebi pomaga priti iz države, so lahko oblika varstva tudi druga koristna dejanja, ki zahtevajo manjše vsote denarja, na primer: dostop do mobilnih telefonov, spominske kartice za dokumentiranje napadov itd.
Apart from helping people to get out of a country, other valuable actions involving minor sums of money could also be a form of protection, such as: access to cell phones, memory cards to document attacks etc.
V skladu s strateškimi dokumenti 2007–2010 za EIDHR obsega cilj 3 podporne ukrepe za različne smernice EU.
Under the Strategy Paper 2007-2010 for EIDHR, objective 3 covers support actions for the different EU guidelines.
Za to obdobje je bilo posebej za podporo zagovornikom človekovih pravic dodeljenih 16 milijonov EUR.
16 million € was allocated for specific support to human right defenders for this period.
Ko bo leta 2010 objavljen drugi razpis za zbiranje predlogov, bo pomembno, da se zagotovi zadovoljevanje kratkoročnih in dolgoročnih potreb.
When a second call for proposal will be published in 2010, it would be important to make sure that both short as well as long term needs are assured.
Dejavnosti morajo biti usklajene in se dopolnjevati, doseči morajo zagovornike človekovih pravic, ki morda niso tako dobro poznani ali pa živijo na oddaljenih območjih.
Activities need to be coordinated and complementary, and reach human rights defenders who might not be so well known, or living in remote areas.
Predvideli bi lahko tudi posebne ukrepe za posebej ranljive skupine, kot so omenjene zgoraj.
Specific actions for especially vulnerable groups, as mentioned above, could also be foreseen.
Ker je sedaj večina organizacij prejemnic evropskih, je pomembno, da se zagotovi, da bodo projekti vključevali tudi krepitev lokalnih zmogljivosti za partnerje v tretjih državah.
As most current beneficiary organisations are European, it is important to make sure projects also include local capacity building for partners in third countries.
Ena od glavnih funkcij Evropskega parlamenta je spremljati in nadzorovati delo drugih institucij EU, vendar pa je tudi sam Evropski parlament pomembna institucija in dejavnik na področju spodbujanja in varstva zagovornikov človekovih pravic, s predstavitvami, resolucijami in nenazadnje z nagrado Saharova.
One of the main functions of the European Parliament is to monitor and scrutinise the work of the other EU institutions, but the European Parliament is also in itself an important institution and actor as regards the promotion and protection of human rights defenders, through hearings, resolutions and not the least the Sakharov Prize.