natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Podjetja vedno bolj zahtevajo, da so ponudbe izobraževanj in usposabljanj vezane na prakso in usmerjene v iskanje rešitev.
Industry is increasingly calling for education and training offerings to be related directly to practical requirements and oriented explicitly towards solutions.
Za podjetja so pomembne sposobnosti in kompetence, ki jih udeleženec dejansko prinese v delovno okolje po končanem izobraževanju in usposabljanju.
What matters for companies is that those who have completed a vocational education or training course should actually bring their newly acquired abilities and skills to the working environment.
Zato je treba v okviru učenja dati jasen poudarek doseganju rezultatov.
The approach to learning needs to be oriented clearly towards results.
Tudi obe pobudi, nastali v toku københavnskega procesa, evropsko ogrodje kvalifikacij in evropski sistem kreditnih točk v poklicnem izobraževanju in usposabljanju, bosta bistveno prispevali k usmeritvi na evropski ravni v naslednjih letih, saj ti pobudi v nekaterih državah članicah že vplivata na reforme sistemov poklicnega izobraževanja in usposabljanja.
The two initiatives stemming from the Copenhagen Process, the European Qualifications Framework and the European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training, will largely determine the direction of European policy in the next few years; they are already triggering reforms in some national vocational education systems.
Kar zadeva primerljivost sistemov izobraževanja in usposabljanja v državah članicah EU je treba vnesti več prepustnosti, preglednosti in primerljivosti v in med različnimi izobraževalnimi sistemi.
As regards the comparability of education and training systems in the Member States, the priorities must be to break down barriers, increase transparency, and make for ease of comparison within and between the different systems.
Cilji in pobude evropske izobraževalne politike potrebujejo podporo vseh akterjev v poklicnem izobraževanju.
The aims and initiatives encompassed within European education policy need the support of all vocational training stakeholders.
Prav tako jih je treba preizkusiti v praksi in na številnih mestih še podrobneje opredeliti.
They need to be further tested at the practical level and on many points have still to be fleshed out.
Glede na vedno večjo potrebo po nadaljnjem usposabljanju, ki ji botrujejo demografske spremembe, in glede na nujnost sodelovanja v procesu vseživljenjskega učenja, je treba delavcem priskrbeti instrument, s katerim bodo lahko sami določili svoje potrebe po nadaljnjem usposabljanju in tega tudi sami načrtovali.
Given that demography is fuelling the need for training and adding to the necessity of participating in lifelong learning, workers must be provided with a means of determining and planning their own training needs.
Vse pa je mogoče dopolniti z nepristranskimi svetovalnimi službami za nadaljnje usposabljanje.
Neutral training advice centres might usefully complement such an arrangement.
Poleg tega je treba ljudem v različnih fazah življenja ter v isti meri za specifične skupine ljudi pri dostopu do poklicnega izobraževanja in usposabljanja zagotoviti razširjene, poenostavljene in lažje dostopne možnosti financiranja s sredstvi, ki so na voljo iz Evropskega socialnega sklada, celotnega programa za vseživljenjsko učenje in programa Erasmus za mlade podjetnike.
Furthermore, to enable people at different times of life and, equally, specific groups to have access to vocational education and training, financing opportunities should be widened, simplified, and made more readily available, using the funding currently provided under the ESF, the Lifelong Learning Programme as a whole, and Erasmus for Young Entrepreneurs.
Prav tako je mogoče s sredstvi iz Evropskega socialnega sklada financirati sistem bonov, ki bo ljudem z nizkimi dohodki omogočil dostop do nadaljnjega usposabljanja in izboljšal njihove možnosti na trgu dela.
ESF funding could also be used to finance a voucher system to enable people on low incomes to attend training courses and in so doing improve their chances on the labour market.
Tako je mogoče povsem ciljno pridobiti ljudi za vseživljenjsko učenje.
In this way people could be expressly encouraged to engage in lifelong learning.
Med ustanovami, ki ponujajo nadaljnje usposabljanje, se oblikuje konkurenca, saj lahko državljanke in državljani sami odločajo, katera od ponudb najbolje ustreza njihovim potrebam.
Training establishments would have to compete with each other, as citizens would be able to decide for themselves which offerings would best meet their needs.
Zagotoviti moramo, da evropska delovna sila pridobi možnost za prilagoditev zahtevam gospodarstva.
We have to put Europe’s workers in a position to adapt to the requirements of the economy.
Nosilci političnih odločitev morajo ljudem omogočiti, da se lahko dodatno in širše usposabljajo.
Political decision-makers must enable people to upgrade and broaden their skills.
Nadaljnje usposabljanje ne sme biti omejeno na omogočanje boljšega delovnega mesta, temveč mora ljudem nuditi tudi možnost, da oblikujejo delovna mesta prihodnosti in tako aktivno prispevajo k inovativnemu gospodarstvu.
Instead of being viewed solely as a means of helping people to get better jobs, upskilling must give them the opportunity to shape the jobs of the future and hence contribute actively to an innovative economy.
3. poudarja, da je treba pripraviti popis področij, kjer Evropska unija ima ali bi lahko imela prednost v primerjavi s svetom in za katera bi bilo treba oblikovati dodatne strategije usposabljanja;
Emphasises the need to establish an inventory of those areas in which the European Union holds, or could hold, a comparative advantage worldwide, and for which further training strategies should be developed;
6. ponovno kritizira odločitev Sveta o zmanjšanju proračunskih sredstev za leto 2011 za glavne programe EU s področja izobraževanja (program za vseživljenjsko učenje in program People – za 25 milijonov EUR oziroma 100 milijonov EUR); velikopotezne zahteve iz strategije Evropa 2020 in proračunska stvarnost so tako v precejšnjem nesorazmerju;
Reiterates its criticism of the cuts made by the Council of Ministers in the 2011 budget as regards funding for the main EU programmes in the education sphere (the ‘Lifelong Learning’ programme and the People programme – cuts of EUR 25 million and EUR 100 million respectively); the ambitious Europe 2020 strategy is thus clearly out of step with the reality of budgetary constraints;
27. meni, da je treba dati poudarek večji usklajenosti med različnimi izobraževalnimi sistemi držav članic, premagovanju teh razlik ter priznavanju spričeval in diplom med državami članicami, da bi povečali čezmejno sodelovanje in mobilnost.
Takes the view that better harmonisation among the Member States’ different education systems – bridging those differences and ensuring mutual recognition of certificates and diplomas among the Member States – should be emphasised in order to heighten cross-border collaboration and aid mobility.
Maria Badia i Cutchet, Zoltán Bagó, Malika Benarab-Attou, Lothar Bisky, Piotr Borys, Jean-Marie Cavada, Santiago Fisas Ayxela, Mary Honeyball, Cătălin Sorin Ivan, Petra Kammerevert, Morten Løkkegaard, Emma McClarkin, Marek Henryk Migalski, Doris Pack, Hrisula Paliadeli (Chrysoula Paliadeli), Marie-Thérèse Sanchez-Schmid, Marietje Schaake, Marco Scurria, Joanna Senyszyn, Timo Soini, Emil Stojanov (Emil Stoyanov), Hannu Takkula, László Tőkés, Corneliu Vadim Tudor, Gianni Vattimo, Marie-Christine Vergiat, Sabine Verheyen, Milan Zver
Maria Badia i Cutchet, Zoltán Bagó, Malika Benarab-Attou, Lothar Bisky, Piotr Borys, Jean-Marie Cavada, Santiago Fisas Ayxela, Mary Honeyball, Cătălin Sorin Ivan, Petra Kammerevert, Morten Løkkegaard, Emma McClarkin, Marek Henryk Migalski, Doris Pack, Chrysoula Paliadeli, Marie-Thérèse Sanchez-Schmid, Marietje Schaake, Marco Scurria, Joanna Senyszyn, Timo Soini, Emil Stoyanov, Hannu Takkula, László Tőkés, Corneliu Vadim Tudor, Gianni Vattimo, Marie-Christine Vergiat, Sabine Verheyen, Milan Zver
Ivo Belet, Nadja Hirsch, Seán Kelly, Iosif Matula, Georgios Papanikolau (Georgios Papanikolaou), Hella Ranner, Mitro Repo, Olga Sehnalová, Rui Tavares
Ivo Belet, Nadja Hirsch, Seán Kelly, Iosif Matula, Georgios Papanikolaou, Hella Ranner, Mitro Repo, Olga Sehnalová, Rui Tavares
o evropskem sodelovanju v poklicnem izobraževanju in usposabljanju v podporo strategiji EU 2020
on European Cooperation in vocational education and training to support the Europe 2020 Strategy
2. meni, da bi morala poklicno izobraževanje in usposabljanje ustvarjati okoliščine za mobilnost delavcev tako med začetnim izobraževanjem kot v procesu vseživljenjskega izobraževanja;
Believes that vocational education and training should create the conditions for labour mobility, both in the course of initial studies and in the framework of the lifelong learning process;
4. poudarja, da morajo biti izobraževalni sistemi posameznih državah članicah bolj združljivi in sinergijski, s poudarkom na učenju jezikov in učnih načrtih, ki so prilagojeni ciljem Unije inovacij; poudarja, da je treba odpraviti vse zakonske in upravne ovire za razvoj evropskega okvira, ki bo zagotavljal široko paleto visokokakovostnih pripravništev povsod v Uniji;
Emphasises the need for greater compatibility and synergy between the education systems of the various Member States, with a focus on language learning and curricula adapted to the goals of Innovation Union; stresses the need to remove all legal and administrative obstacles to the development of a European framework ensuring a broad range of high-quality traineeships across the EU;
8. poziva Evropsko komisijo, države članice in Evropski parlament, naj podpirajo in razširijo evropske programe za mobilnost učencev in študentov, zlasti program Leonardo da Vinci, da bi spodbujali čim večjo mobilnost pripravnikov na notranjem trgu;
Calls on the Commission, the Member States and the European Parliament to support and broaden European programmes for the mobility of learners, in particular the Leonardo da Vinci programme, with a view to promoting greater mobility of trainees in the single market;
10. opozarja na ovire za vključevanje, s katerimi se soočajo državljani tretjih držav, kadar njihove kvalifikacije niso priznane; poziva Komisijo, naj oceni vpliv evropskega ogrodja kvalifikacij na priznavanje kvalifikacij državljanov iz tretjih držav;
Points to the obstacles to integration which third-country nationals face when their qualifications are not recognised; calls on the Commission to assess the impact of the European Qualifications Framework on the recognition of qualifications of third-country nationals;
13. poziva vse akterje na trgu dela, tudi iz strokovnih sektorjev, podjetij, sindikatov, ministrstev in zavodov za zaposlovanje, naj začnejo strukturiran socialni dialog o tem, kako bolje zagotoviti vključevanje mladih na trg dela ter spodbujati vseživljenjsko učenje in formalno/neformalno usposabljanje.
Calls on all labour market players, including those from the professional sectors, businesses, trade unions, ministries and public employment services, to engage in a structured social dialogue on how to better guarantee professional integration of young people and promote lifelong learning and formal/informal training.
Pablo Arias Echeverría, Cristian Silviu Buşoi, Anna Maria Corazza Bildt, António Fernando Correia De Campos, Jürgen Creutzmann, Christian Engström, Evelyne Gebhardt, Louis Grech, Małgorzata Handzlik, Philippe Juvin, Eija-Riitta Korhola, Mitro Repo, Robert Rochefort, Zuzana Roithová, Heide Rühle, Christel Schaldemose, Andreas Schwab, Catherine Stihler, Kiriakos Triantafilidis (Kyriacos Triantaphyllides), Bernadette Vergnaud
Pablo Arias Echeverría, Cristian Silviu Buşoi, Anna Maria Corazza Bildt, António Fernando Correia De Campos, Jürgen Creutzmann, Christian Engström, Evelyne Gebhardt, Louis Grech, Małgorzata Handzlik, Philippe Juvin, Eija-Riitta Korhola, Mitro Repo, Robert Rochefort, Zuzana Roithová, Heide Rühle, Christel Schaldemose, Andreas Schwab, Catherine Stihler, Kyriacos Triantaphyllides, Bernadette Vergnaud
Damien Abad, Cornelis de Jong, Constance Le Grip, Emma McClarkin, Antonija Prvanova (Antonyia Parvanova), Konstantinos Pupakis (Konstantinos Poupakis), Olga Sehnalová, Wim van de Camp
Damien Abad, Cornelis de Jong, Constance Le Grip, Emma McClarkin, Antonyia Parvanova, Konstantinos Poupakis, Olga Sehnalová, Wim van de Camp
Poročevalka: Joanna Senyszyn
Rapporteur: Joanna Senyszyn
A. ker je bilo v Evropski uniji med diplomanti na univerzah 58,9 % žensk, delež doktoric znanosti pa je le 43 % in je ponovno nižji na ravni rednih profesorjev, kjer je žensk zgolj 15 %,
A. whereas while 58.9 % of the university qualifications awarded in the European Union go to women, the corresponding figure at PhD level is just 43 % and it is lower again at full professor level, and whereas only 15 % of Grade A full professors are women,
B. ker v sporočilu Komisije o novi spodbudi za evropsko sodelovanje v poklicnem izobraževanju in usposabljanju v podporo strategiji EU 2020 (KOM(2010)296) ni bilo upoštevano načelo enakosti med spoloma,
B. whereas the Commission’s communication entitled ‘A new impetus for European cooperation in Vocational Education and Training to support the Europe 2020 strategy’ (COM(2010) 296) failed to take the gender dimension into account,
2 . ugotavlja, da dobra poklicna izobrazba temelji na solidni splošni izobrazbi, ki ne razlikuje med spoloma, in poziva države članice, naj v učnem gradivu odpravijo primere poklicev, ki so specifični za določen spol, saj bi tako zagotovili, da se bodo dečki in deklice od samega začetka zanimali za vse poklice;
Notes that high-standard vocational training is founded on sound, gender-neutral general education, and urges Member States to ensure that teaching materials do not contain gender-specific career models, so as to ensure that boys’ and girls’ interest in all career possibilities is awakened from the outset;
6. ugotavlja, da se je dvojni sistem (praktično in šolsko izobraževanje) v nekaterih državah članicah izkazal za uspešnega, ker podjetja sodelujejo pri poklicnem izobraževanju in ga dopolnjujejo;
Notes that the dual system (practical and scholastic education) is proving successful in certain Member States thanks to companies’ cooperation and interaction in the provision of career-related training;
– prilagojeno poklicno izobraževanje in usposabljanje v podporo poklicnemu razvoju,
- customised VET to support career development;
– dostopne poti od priložnostnega do formalnega učenja,
- accessible pathways from informal to formal learning;
– odzivnost na različne stile učenja,
- responsiveness to different learning styles;
– dostop do vzornikov in mentorjev,
- access to role models and mentors;
– razvoj programov, prilagojenih prožnim oblikam dela in pogodbam o zaposlitvi s krajšim delovnim časom,
- development of programmes adapted to flexible working arrangements and part-time contracts;
– prilagojene možnosti učenja prek spleta;
- tailored online learning options;
Regina Bastos, Edit Bauer, Emine Bozkurt, Andrea Češková, Marije Cornelissen, Edite Estrela, Ilda Figueiredo, Teresa Jiménez-Becerril Barrio, Nicole Kiil-Nielsen, Rodi Kraca-Cagaropulu (Rodi Kratsa-Tsagaropoulou), Siiri Oviir, Raül Romeva i Rueda, Joanna Katarzyna Skrzydlewska, Marc Tarabella, Britta Thomsen, Marina Yannakoudakis
Regina Bastos, Edit Bauer, Emine Bozkurt, Andrea Češková, Marije Cornelissen, Edite Estrela, Ilda Figueiredo, Teresa Jiménez-Becerril Barrio, Nicole Kiil-Nielsen, Rodi Kratsa-Tsagaropoulou, Siiri Oviir, Raül Romeva i Rueda, Joanna Katarzyna Skrzydlewska, Marc Tarabella, Britta Thomsen, Marina Yannakoudakis
Anne Delvaux, Christa Klaß, Norica Nicolai, Antigoni Papadopulu (Antigoni Papadopoulou), Rovana Plumb, Joanna Senyszyn
Anne Delvaux, Christa Klaß, Norica Nicolai, Antigoni Papadopoulou, Rovana Plumb, Joanna Senyszyn
Regina Bastos, Edit Bauer, Jean-Luc Bennahmias, Pervenche Berès, Mara Bizzotto, Philippe Boulland, Milan Cabrnoch, David Casa, Alejandro Cercas, Marije Cornelissen, Frédéric Daerden, Karima Delli, Proinsias De Rossa, Frank Engel, Sari Essayah, Richard Falbr, Ilda Figueiredo, Thomas Händel, Roger Helmer, Nadja Hirsch, Stephen Hughes, Liisa Jaakonsaari, Danuta Jazłowiecka, Martin Kastler, Ádám Kósa, Patrick Le Hyaric, Veronica Lope Fontagné, Olle Ludvigsson, Elizabeth Lynne, Thomas Mann, Elisabeth Morin-Chartier, Csaba Őry, Siiri Oviir, Rovana Plumb, Konstantinos Pupakis (Konstantinos Poupakis), Sylvana Rapti, Licia Ronzulli, Elisabeth Schroedter, Jutta Steinruck, Traian Ungureanu
Regina Bastos, Edit Bauer, Jean-Luc Bennahmias, Pervenche Berès, Mara Bizzotto, Philippe Boulland, Milan Cabrnoch, David Casa, Alejandro Cercas, Marije Cornelissen, Frédéric Daerden, Karima Delli, Proinsias De Rossa, Frank Engel, Sari Essayah, Richard Falbr, Ilda Figueiredo, Thomas Händel, Roger Helmer, Nadja Hirsch, Stephen Hughes, Liisa Jaakonsaari, Danuta Jazłowiecka, Martin Kastler, Ádám Kósa, Patrick Le Hyaric, Veronica Lope Fontagné, Olle Ludvigsson, Elizabeth Lynne, Thomas Mann, Elisabeth Morin-Chartier, Csaba Őry, Siiri Oviir, Rovana Plumb, Konstantinos Poupakis, Sylvana Rapti, Licia Ronzulli, Elisabeth Schroedter, Jutta Steinruck, Traian Ungureanu
Georges Bach, Raffaele Baldassarre, Sven Giegold, Antigoni Papadopulu (Antigoni Papadopoulou), Evelyn Regner, Janusz Wojciechowski
Georges Bach, Raffaele Baldassarre, Sven Giegold, Antigoni Papadopoulou, Evelyn Regner, Janusz Wojciechowski
o upravljanju in partnerstvu na enotnem trgu
on Governance and Partnership in the Single Market
Poročevalka: Sandra Kalniete
Rapporteur: Sandra Kalniete
MNENJE Odbora za zaposlovanje in socialne zadeve ..................................15
OPINION of the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs.....................................................18
MNENJE Odbora za pravne zadeve ...........................................................................19
OPINION of the Committee on Legal Affairs...............................................................................................23
IZID KONČNEGA GLASOVANJA V ODBORU...................................................................22
RESULT OF FINAL VOTE IN COMMITTEE....................................................................................................................27
– ob upoštevanju sporočila Komisije „K aktu za enotni trg – Za visoko konkurenčno socialno tržno gospodarstvo: 50 predlogov za izboljšanje skupnega dela, poslovanja in izmenjav“ ( KOM(2010)0608 ),
– having regard to the Commission Communication ‘Towards a Single Market Act for a highly competitive social market economy: 50 proposals for improving our work, business and exchanges with one another’ ( COM(2010)0608 ),
– ob upoštevanju svoje resolucije z dne 4. septembra 2007 o pregledu enotnega trga
– having regard to its resolution of 4 September 2007 on the Single Market review
UL C 187E, 27.7.2008, str.
OJ C 187E, 27.7.2008, p.
80. in delovnega dokumenta služb Komisije „Pregled enotnega trga: eno leto kasneje“ ( SEC(2008)3064 ),
80. and the Commission staff working document ‘The Single Market review: one year on’ ( SEC(2008)3064 ),
– ob upoštevanju sporočila Komisije „Pametna pravna ureditev v Evropski uniji“ KOM(2010)0543 ),
– having regard to the Commission Communication on ‘Smart Regulation in the European Union’ ( COM(2010)0543 ),
– ob upoštevanju 27. letnega poročila sporočila Komisije o spremljanju uporabe zakonodaje EU in delovnega dokumenta služb Komisije o stanju v različnih sektorjih, ki je priložen temu poročilu ( SEK(2008)1143 ),
– having regard to the Commission’s 27 th Annual Report on Monitoring the Application of EU Law and to the accompanying Commission staff working document entitled ‘Situation in the different sectors’ ( SEC(2010)1143 ),
– ob upoštevanju priporočila Komisije z 29. junija 2009 o ukrepih za izboljšanje delovanja enotnega trga (C(2009)4728),
– having regard to the Commission Recommendation of 29 June 2009 on measures to improve the functioning of the single market (C(2009)4728),
– ob upoštevanju sklepov Sveta z dne 10. decembra 2010 o aktu za enotni trg,
– having regard to the Council Conclusions of 10 December 2010 on the Single Market Act,
– ob upoštevanju poročila o ponovni oživitvi enotnega trga, ki ga je za Komisijo pripravil profesor Mario Monti,
– having regard to Professor Mario Monti’s report to the Commission on revitalising the single market,
– ob upoštevanju svoje resolucije z dne 20. maja 2010 o uresničitvi enotnega trga za potrošnike in državljane
– having regard to its resolution of 20 May 2010 on delivering a single market to consumers and citizens
Sprejeta besedila, P7_TA(2010)0186 . ,
Texts Adopted, P7_TA(2010)0186 . ,
– ob upoštevanju pregleda stanja notranjega trga št. 21 (2010) in svojih resolucij z dne 9. marca 2010
– having regard to the Internal Market Scoreboard No 21 (2010), and to its resolutions of 9 March 2010
UL 349E, 22.12.2010, str.
OJ C 349E, 22.12.2010, p.
25. in 23. septembra 2008
25. and 23 September 2008
7. o pregledu stanja notranjega trga,
7. on the Internal Market Scoreboard,
– ob upoštevanju sporočila Komisije „Evropa rezultatov – Uporaba prava Skupnosti“ ( KOM(2007)0502 ),
– having regard to the Commission Communication on ‘A Europe of Results - Applying Community Law’ ( COM(2007)0502 ),
– ob upoštevanju členov 258 in 260 Pogodbe o delovanju Evropske unije (PDEU),
– having regard to Articles 258 to 260 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU),
– ob upoštevanju členov 7, 10 in 15 Pogodbe o delovanju Evropske unije,
– having regard to Articles 7, 10 and 15 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
– ob upoštevanju poročila Odbora za notranji trg in varstvo potrošnikov in mnenj Odbora za zaposlovanje in socialne zadeve ter Odbora za pravne zadeve ( A7-0083/2011 ),
– having regard to the report of the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection and the opinions of the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs and the Committee on Legal Affairs ( A7-0083/2011 ),
A. ker ponovni zagon enotnega trga zahteva dejavno podporo vseh državljanov, evropskih institucij, držav članic in zainteresiranih strani,
A. whereas relaunching the Single Market requires the active support of all citizens , European institutions, Member States and stakeholders,
B. ker je treba pri posvetovanju in pogovorih s Komisijo in strokovnimi skupinami zagotoviti učinkovito zastopanost civilne družbe ter malih in srednjih podjetij, da bi pridobili dejavno podporo vseh interesnih skupin;
B. whereas in order to gain the active support of all stakeholders, it is essential that during consultations and dialogue with the Commission, as well as in expert groups, effective representation of civil society and SMEs is ensured,
C. ker je za uspešen ponovni zagon enotnega trga zlasti pomembno ustrezno širjenje, priprava in vodenje različnih posvetovanj in poročil institucij EU (EU 2010, poročilo o državljanstvu za leto 2010, Celovita industrijska politika, Digitalna agenda za Evropo, Montijevo poročilo, resolucija Parlamenta o uresničitvi enotnega trga za potrošnike in državljane, Gonzalesovo poročilo in poročilo odbora IMCO itd.);
C. whereas the proper dissemination, articulation and management of the various EU Institutions’ consultations and reports (EU 2010, the Citizenship Report 2010, the Integrated Industrial Policy, the Digital Agenda for Europe, the Monti report, Parliament’s Resolution on ‘delivering a Single Market to consumers and citizens’, the Gonzales and IMCO reports, etc.) are of particular importance for the successful relaunch of the Single Market,
D. ker je med pravili enotnega trga in koristmi, ki jih ta pravila v praksi prinašajo državljanom in podjetjem, še vedno velika vrzel,
D. whereas a substantial gap still persists between the single market rules and the benefits that citizens and businesses can draw from them in practice,