natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Ponovno vzpostavitev zaupanja mladostnikov v njihovem neposrednem in širšem družbenem okolju in občutek pripadnosti temu okolju sta najpomembnejša pot stran od prestopništva.
The restoration of juveniles' trust in their immediate and broader social environment and the feeling that they belong to that environment is their most important way out of delinquency.
Vendar tega ni mogoče doseči s kaznimi, ampak vključevanjem mladostnikov v vidike in dejavnosti v družbenem okolju, zagotavljanjem njihove izobrazbe, neoviranim vključevanjem na trg dela, ščitenjem njihove pravice do izražanja in dejavnim sodelovanjem pri odločanju na lokalni in nacionalni ravni, omogočanjem ustvarjalnega izražanja in rekreacije.
However, this is not achieved through penalties and sanctions but by integrating them into all aspects and activities of their social environment - ensuring their education, smooth integration into the labour market, protecting their right to self expression and active participation in decision-makings at local and national level, offering them the possibility of creative leisure activities and recreation.
Našteli smo že štiri najprimernejše zakonodajne ukrepe, ki so:
As noted above, the most appropriate legislative measures take the form of four 'de-';
– dekriminalizacija: to je kazenska deklasifikacija dejanj, ki so predprestopniška ali manjši prekrški,
- decriminalisation: i.e. the declassification of acts such as pre-delinquent behaviour or minor offences,
– depenalizacija: odprava kazni za širšo večino prestopkov ter njihovo nadomeščanje z izobraževalnimi ukrepi in ukrepi za resocializacijo,
- depenalisation: the abolition of penalties for the broad majority of offences and their substitution by educational and integrative measures,
– obravnavanje izven sistema sodstva: prenos obravnave iz sodstva na socialno mediacijo, ki jo v odvisnosti od vrste prestopniškega vedenja lahko predstavljajo šolski odbori (učitelji, učenci in starši), združenja na ravni soseske ali lokalni ravni (npr. varuh socialnih pravic), socialni delavci itd.
- dejudicialisation: transferring the administration of justice from the courts to social mediators which may be, depending on the type of delinquent behaviour, school committees (teachers, pupils and parents), associations at neighbourhood or local level (e.g. social ombudsman), social workers etc.,
– deinstitucionalizacija: izogibanje zapornimi kaznim v popravnih domovih in kazenskih ustanovah.
- deinstitutionalisation: avoiding custodial sentences in correctional or penitentiary institutions.
Vloga družine
The role of the family
– Družina kot dejavnik in vzrok: učinek zunanjih (s strukturo povezanih) in notranjih (povezanih z delovanjem) družinskih pogojev je bistven.
- The family as a factor and a cause: the impact of external (relating to the structure of the family) and internal (relating to how it operates) family conditions is crucial.
Premajhen nadzor s strani staršev in prestopniški vedenjskih vzorci staršev samih še zlasti veljajo za obremenilne dejavnike.
The lack of supervision and control by parents and delinquent behaviour by the parents themselves are considered to be particularly aggravating factors.
– Družina v kontekstu politike preprečevanja: družina kot ustanova socializacije pomaga slediti zakonom in dosegati njihovo spoštovanje.
- The family in the context of prevention policies: the family as a socialising institution helps cultivate compliance with and respect for the law.
– Družina v procesu resocializacije: glavno odskočišče za proces resocializacije je vključevanje mladostnikov v družino kot celoto preko ponovnega vzpostavljanja odnosov s starši in drugimi družinskimi člani.
- The family during the process of social reintegration: the main launch pad for the reintegration process is to incorporate the juvenile within the family as a whole by restoring relations with parents and the other members of the family.
Da bi bili pri tem uspešni, je v tej fazi bistveno tudi, da se mladostnikom nudi finančna, socialna in psihološka podpora.
It is also crucial at this stage to provide the juvenile with financial, social and psychological support if the outcome is to be successful.
– Družina v fazi kazenskega postopka: ko je mladoletnik obsojen na zaporno kazen v instituciji, je posebej pomembno, da ostane v stiku s svojo družino, v primeru alternativnih ukrepov pa je nadzor in skrb njegovih staršev ključna.
- The family at the stage of the penal process: where the juvenile receives a custodial sentence in an institution, it is particularly important that he continues to have contact with the members of his family, whereas in the event of alternative measures, the supervision and care of the juvenile's parents are essential.
Bistveno je tudi, da starši aktivno sodelujejo v pravnih postopkih in med služenjem kazni mladostnika ter da se jih usposablja in obvešča, da bi bilo sposobni svojemu otroku nuditi ustrezno podporo.
It is also essential that the parents be actively involved during the legal proceedings and while the juvenile is serving his sentence and receive ongoing training and information to enable them to provide appropriate support for their child.
Vloga šole
The role of the school
– Šola je prostor izražanja prestopniškega vedenja: nasilje v šoli je posebna oblika mladoletniškega prestopništva, ki se uporablja za izražanje nasprotij, nastalih v šolskem okolju ali tja prenesenih iz družinskega okolja ali težav, povezanih s širšo okolico.
- The school as a place of expression of delinquent behaviour: violence at school is a particular form of juvenile delinquency used either to express antagonism created at the outset in the school environment or to transfer to that environment family problems or problems associated with the broader neighbourhood.
– Šola kot osnovni vzrok: šolsko okolje je dandanes izredno zaznamovano s socialnimi razredi in večkulturnostjo.
- The school as the underlying cause: present day school is extremely class-bound and multicultural.
Kadar učitelji in starši ne uspejo pojasniti razlik med sošolci in gojiti strpnosti in spoštovanja do drugih, učenci ne znajo sprejeti teh pojmov in se odzovejo nasilno ter, odvisno od okoliščin, prevzamejo vlogo žrtve ali nasilnežev.
- Where teachers and parents failed to clarify the differences between fellow pupils and cultivate tolerance and respect for others and their differences, pupils unable assimilate such concepts react and behave violently, and, depending on the circumstances, assume the role of victim or victimiser.
– Šola kot nosilec boja proti prestopništvu: šola in učitelji v njej bi morali posredovati na način, ki popravlja nezaželeno vedenje in vliva moč, namesto da mladoletne prestopnike označijo za nepopravljive in jih tako odrivajo na rob.
- The school as an institution for combating delinquency: the school and its teachers should intervene in a corrective and empowering way and not classify individual juveniles as incorrigible, thereby marginalising them.
Učitelji bi morali socializirati agresivnost učencev, pri tem pa poudarjati pozitivne strani agresivnih učencev.
Teachers should socialise the aggressiveness of their pupils, emphasising the positive sides of their aggressive pupils.
Šola je tudi primarno okolje za izvajanje inovativnih projektov za boj proti mladoletniškemu prestopništvu, kot so šolski sistemi za reševanje konfliktov z mediacijo učencev, povračilna pravica, v okviru katere se učenec oddolži za storjeno, in sodelovanje med šolami v programih proti nasilju.
School is also the primary setting for the implementation of innovative projects to combat juvenile delinquency, such as the school system for resolving conflicts, with pupils themselves acting as mediators, restorative justice, where the pupil undertakes to make good the damage he has caused and cooperation between schools on anti-violence programmes.
– Šola kot preventivna ustanova: šole ustvarjajo podporne strukture, ki preprečujejo zaznamovanost in učencem dajejo občutek sprejetosti, hkrati pa delujejo kot "prostor dialoga" in nudijo odgovore v jasni, dostopni in odzivni obliki.
- The school as a preventive institution: schools create support facilities which prevent stigmatisation and make pupils feel accepted and operate as a 'sphere of dialogue', providing answers in the form of clarity, availability and responsiveness.
Evropska razsežnost
The European dimension
Glavni argument proti poskusu vzpostavitve skupnih modelov in metod EU za boj proti mladoletniškem prestopništvu je, da je takšno početje v nasprotju z različnimi določbami nacionalnih kazenskih zakonodaj, zlasti z vidika opredelitve starosti mladoletnikov in dejanj, ki veljajo za prestopništvo.
The main argument against attempting to establish common EU models and methods for combating juvenile delinquency is that such an undertaking comes into conflict with various national criminal law provisions, particularly in regard to what age constitutes 'juvenile' and what acts constitute delinquent behaviour.
Po drugi strani nacionalne raziskave vzrokov mladoletniškega prestopništva kažejo povečanje nekaterih izmed njegovih oblik in zmanjšanje drugih, nov pristop kazenskih sistemov, v katerih se išče alternative zapornim kaznim za mladoletnike, pa spada med tiste točke, ki odsevajo osupljivo podobnost.
On the other hand, however, national surveys of the causes of delinquent behaviour, showing an increase in some forms of it and decrease in others, and a new approach by the penal systems, which are seeking alternatives to custodial sentences for juveniles are some of the points which reflect striking similarities.
Te podobnosti vodijo k dvema ugotovitvama.
These similarities lead us to two conclusions.
Prvič, konvencionalni in tradicionalni modeli kazenske obravnave so dosegli svoje meje ter niso več kos izzivom, s katerimi se trenutno soočajo države članice.
Firstly, that the conventional and traditional models of penal management have now reached their limits and can no longer meet the current challenges in most Member States.
Drugič, ti trenutni izzivi in metode držav članic za odzivanje nanje so si osupljivo podobni.
Secondly, that these current challenges, and the Member States' methods of responding to them are strikingly similar.
Ravno to je razlog, da je zdaj možno in zaželeno načrtovati izvedbene ukrepe na evropski ravni.
It is precisely these similarities that now make it feasible and warranted to plan and implement measures at European level.
Zlasti če upoštevamo, da možnost prostega gibanja mladih znotraj Evropske unije, razširjenost rabe interneta ter nove oblike tehnologij in komunikacije občutno povečajo pomen pojma prizorišče zločina, evropski pristop ni samo mogoč in zaželen, ampak bistven.
In particular, if we also take into account the ability of young people to move freely within the EU, the widespread use of the Internet, and the new forms of technology and communication significantly broadens the notion of the scene of a crime, then a European approach is not only feasible and warranted, it is also essential.
O najboljših nacionalnih praksah že obstaja obsežna količina tradicij in izkušenj, med njimi:
As regards best national practices, there is already a significant body of national tradition and experience, for example:
– v španskih avtonomnih pokrajinah Asturija in Rioja, program Mediador Escolar (šolski mediator), namenjen šolski skupnosti, ter skupno oblikovani programi socialnih služb, namenjeni izobraževanju in usposabljanju strokovnjakov ter program usposabljanja in zaposlovanja Sogradio;
- the Spanish regions of Asturias and Rioja and, in particular, the 'Mediador Escolar' programme designed for the school community, the jointly funded 'Servizio de Atencion a la Famiglia (SAF) social service programmes aimed at educating and training the professional experts and the Sograndio Reformatory guidance, training and employment programme;
– metode preučevanja posameznikov in področij z visokim tveganjem in uporaba elektronskega sistema snemanja na Bavarskem (seznam PROPER), kljub določenim pomislekom o vlogi policije in možnim kršitvam pravic mladoletnikov;
- methods of analysing high-risk individuals and areas using an electronic recording system in the region of Bavaria (the PROPER list) though with some reservations about the role of the police and possible violation of juveniles' rights
– organiziranje "dneva varnosti v šoli" v Latviji z obiski policistov in obveščanjem učencev v šolah;
- the organisation of a 'day of safety at school' in Latvia with schools visits by police officers and information for pupils;
– organiziranje skupnih ekskurzij učencev in mladoletnih prestopnikov, da bi ti drugi prišli v stik s prijateljskim in urejenim družbenim okoljem;
- the organisation of joint excursions for pupils and juvenile offenders to give the latter closer contact with a friendly and organised social environment;
– programi rekreacije, ki jih z namenom odvračanja mladih od antisocialnega in prestopniškega vedenja razvijajo posebni odbori občin in skupnosti na Irskem (projekti Garda Youth Diversion);
- the development of recreational programmes to divert young people from antisocial or delinquent behaviour by special committees in municipalities and communities in Ireland (Garda Youth Diversion Projects);
– otroški poročevalec in prostovoljni dogovori med družinami, mladoletniki in lokalnimi oblastmi, imenovani Acceptable Behaviour Contracts (pogodbe o sprejemljivem vedenju) na Škotskem in
- the Children's Reporter and voluntary agreements between families, juveniles and local authorities known as Acceptable Behaviour Contracts (ABCs) in Scotland;
– dogovor o delitvi pristojnosti med grškim ministrstvom za zdravje in nevladnimi organizacijami in o vlogi vsakega od njih.
- the memorandum of understanding between the Hellenic Ministry of Health and NGOs concerning the role and separation of powers between the official authorities and the NGOs.
EU bi morala usklajevati in spodbujati reforme politik, ki ne vključujejo samo neposrednih ukrepov za boj proti mladoletniškemu prestopništvu, ampak predvsem ukrepe in pobude, namenjene doseganju uravnovešene družinske politike, socializiranja v izobraževalni politiki, učinkovitega delovanja proti revščini in socialni izključenosti, neovirano in polno socialno vključitev priseljencev in oblikovanje skupnih kulturnih načel.
The EU should coordinate and promote reforming policies including not only immediate measures for combating juvenile delinquency but above all additional measures and initiatives designed to achieve balanced family policy, the socialisation of educational policy, effective action to combat poverty and social exclusion, smooth and full social integration of immigrants and the establishment of common cultural principles.
"Poredni" otroci so ponavadi otroci v stiski.
'Bad' children are usually also 'distressed' children.
Na njihove obraze bi morali spet privabiti nasmehe.
We should return the smile to their faces.
Mladoletniško prestopništvo – vloga žensk, družine in družbe
Juvenile delinquency, the role of women, the family and society
o predlogu Uredbe Sveta o spremembi Uredbe Komisije (ES) št. 601/2004 z dne 22. marca 2004 o nekaterih nadzornih ukrepih, ki se uporabljajo za ribolovne aktivnosti na območju Konvencije o ohranjanju živih morskih virov na Antarktiki ter o razveljavitvi uredb (EGS) št. 3943/90, (ES) št. 66/98 in (ES) št. 1721/1999
on the proposal for a Council regulation amending Council Regulation (EC) No 601/2004 of 22 March 2004 laying down certain control measures applicable to fishing activities in the area covered by the Convention on the conservation of Antarctic marine living resources and repealing Regulations (EEC) No 3943/90, (EC) No 66/98 and (EC) No 1721/1999
o predlogu Uredbe Sveta o spremembi Uredbe Komisije (ES) št. 601/2004 z dne 22. marca 2004 o nekaterih nadzornih ukrepih, ki se uporabljajo za ribolovne aktivnosti na območju Konvencije o ohranjanju živih morskih virov na Antarktiki ter o razveljavitvi uredb (EGS) št. 3943/90, (ES) št. 66/98 in (ES) št. 1721/1999
on the proposal for a Council regulation on amending Council Regulation (EC) No 601/2004 of 22 March 2004 laying down certain control measures applicable to fishing activities in the area covered by the Convention on the conservation of Antarctic marine living resources and repealing Regulations (EEC) No 3943/90, (EC) No 66/98 and (EC) No 1721/1999
– ob upoštevanju predloga Komisije Svetu ( KOM(2006)0867 )
– having regard to the Commission proposal to the Council ( COM(2006)0867 )
– ob upoštevanju člena 37 Pogodbe o ES, v skladu s katerim se je Svet posvetoval s Parlamentom ( C6‑0054/2007 ),
– having regard to Article 37 of the EC Treaty, pursuant to which the Council consulted Parliament ( C6‑0054/2007 ),
– ob upoštevanju poročila Odbora za ribištvo ( A6‑0213/2007 ),
– having regard to the report of the Committee on Fisheries ( A6‑0213/2007 ),
Vstavi se nov člen 5a, ki se glasi:
The following Article 5a is inserted:
"Člen 5a
'Article 5a
Obvestilo o nameri sodelovanja pri ribolovu krila
Notifications of intent to participate in a krill fishery
Vse pogodbenice, ki nameravajo loviti krila na območju Konvencije, o svoji nameri obvestijo sekretariat CCAMLR, in sicer najmanj štiri mesece pred rednim letnim zasedanjem CCAMLR neposredno pred obdobjem, ko nameravajo loviti."
All Contracting Parties intending to fish for krill in the Convention area shall notify the CCAMLR Secretariat of their intent not less than four months in advance of the regular annual meeting of the CCAMLR immediately prior to the season in which they intend to fish.'
Država članica zastave obvesti Komisijo vsaj štiri mesece pred rednim letnim zasedanjem CCAMLR o nameri ribolovnega plovila Skupnosti, da izvaja nov ribolov na območju Konvencije.
The flag Member State shall notify the Commission not later than four months in advance of the ordinary annual meeting of the CCAMLR of the intention of a Community fishing vessel to develop a new fishery in the Convention area.
Država članica temu obvestilu priloži čim več v nadaljevanju navedenih informacij, ki jih lahko zagotovi:
This notification shall be accompanied by as much of the following information as the Member State is able to provide:
(a) vrsto predlaganega ribolova, skupaj s ciljnimi vrstami, načini ribolova, predlaganim ribolovnim območjem in minimalnimi količinami ulova, potrebnimi za donosen ribolov;
a) the nature of the proposed fishery, including target species, methods of fishing, the proposed fishery region and any minimum level of catches required to develop a viable fishery;
(b) biološke podatke iz izčrpnih raziskav/poizvedovanj, kot so podatki o razširjenosti, številčnosti in populaciji ter podatki o opisu staleža;
b) biological information from comprehensive research/survey cruises, such as distribution, abundance, population data and information on stock identity;
(c) podrobnosti o odvisnih in sorodnih vrstah ter o verjetnosti, da predlagani ribolov kakor koli vpliva nanje;
c) details of dependent and associated species and the likelihood of such species being affected in any way at all by the proposed fishery;
(d) informacije iz drugega ribolova na tem območju ali podobnega ribolova kje drugje, ki bi lahko bile v pomoč pri oceni morebitnega donosa;
d) information from other fisheries in the region or similar fisheries elsewhere that may assist in the evaluation of potential yield;
(e) če se bo predlagana riba lovila s pridnenim vlečnim orodjem, potem je treba predložiti informacije o znanih in predvidenih učinkih tega orodja na občutljive morske ekosisteme, zlasti na bentos in bentoške skupnosti."
e) if the proposed fish will be taken using bottom trawl gear, information on the known and anticipated impacts of this gear on vulnerable marine ecosystems, including benthos and benthic communities.'
(a) primerki vrste Dissostichus spp. se označujejo in izpuščajo po en primerek na tono mase svežega ulova v vsej sezoni v skladu s protokolom označevanja CCAMLR.
(a) Dissostichus spp. individuals shall be tagged and released at a rate of one individual per tonne of green weight catch throughout the season in accordance with the CCAMLR Tagging Protocol.
Plovila prenehajo z označevanjem šele potem, ko je označenih 500 primerkov ali če zapustijo ribolovno območje, ko označijo po en primerek na tono mase svežega ulova ;
Vessels shall only discontinue tagging after they have tagged 500 individuals, or leave the fishery having tagged one individual per tonne of green weight caught;
(a) primerki vrste Dissostichus spp. se označujejo in izpuščajo po en primerek na tono mase svežega ulova v vsej sezoni v skladu s protokolom označevanja CCAMLR.
a) Dissostichus spp. individuals shall be tagged and released at a rate of one individual per tonne of green weight catch throughout the season in accordance with the CCAMLR Tagging Protocol.
Plovila prenehajo z označevanjem šele potem, ko je označenih 500 primerkov ali če zapustijo ribolovno območje, ko označijo Dissostichus spp. do določene stopnje ;
Vessels shall only discontinue tagging after they have tagged 500 individuals, or leave the fishery having tagged Dissostichus spp at the specified rate;
ČLEN 1, TOČKA 4 Člen 7b, točka b (Uredba (ES) št. 601/2004)
ARTICLE 1, POINT 4 Article 7 b, point (b) (Regulation (EC) No 601/2004)
(b) program je usmerjen na primerke vseh velikosti, da se izpolnijo zahteve po označevanju enega primerka na tono mase svežega ulova.
(b) the programme shall target individuals of all sizes in order to meet the tagging requirement of one individual per one tonne of green weight catch.
Vsi izpuščeni primerki se označijo dvakrat, izpusti pa zajamejo čim širše geografsko območje;
All released individuals shall be double tagged and releases shall cover as broad a geographical area as possible;
(b) program je usmerjen na primerke vseh velikosti, da se izpolnijo zahteve po označevanju enega primerka na tono mase svežega ulova.
b) the programme shall target individuals of all sizes in order to meet the tagging requirement of one individual per one tonne of green weight catch.
Vsi izpuščeni primerki se označijo dvakrat, izpusti pa zajamejo čim širše geografsko območje; na območjih, kjer se pojavljata obe vrsti Dissostichus ssp., je stopnja označevanja, kolikor je mogoče, v sorazmerju z vrsto in velikostjo primerkov Dissostichus spp. v ulovu.
All released individuals shall be double tagged and releases shall cover as broad a geographical area as possible; in regions where both Dissostichus spp species occur, the tagging rate shall, to the extent possible, be in proportion to the species and size of Dissostichus spp present in the catches.
ČLEN 1, TOČKA 4 Člen 7b, točka c (Uredba (ES) št. 601/2004)
ARTICLE 1, POINT 4 Article 7b, point (c) (Regulation (EC) No 601/2004)
(c) vse oznake so jasno natisnjene z enotno serijsko številko in povratnim naslovom, tako da je v primeru ponovnega ulova označenega primerka mogoče izslediti izvor oznak;
(c) all tags shall be clearly imprinted with a unique serial number and a return address so that the origin of tags can be retraced in the case of recapture of the tagged individual;
(c) vse oznake so jasno natisnjene z enotno serijsko številko in povratnim naslovom, tako da je v primeru ponovnega ulova označenega primerka mogoče izslediti izvor oznak; od 1. septembra 2007 vse oznake za uporabo v raziskovalnem ribolovu izda sekretariat CCAMLR.
c) all tags shall be clearly imprinted with a unique serial number and a return address so that the origin of tags can be retraced in the case of recapture of the tagged individual; from 1 September 2007 all tags for use in explanatory fishery shall be sourced from the CCAMLR Secretariat.
ČLEN 1, TOČKA 4 Člen 7b, točka e (Uredba (ES) št. 601/2004)
ARTICLE 1, POINT 4 Article 7 b, point (e) (Regulation (EC) No 601/2004)
(e) vsem ponovno ulovljenim primerkom se vzamejo biološki vzorci (dolžina, teža, spol, razvoj gonad), če je mogoče, se naredi digitalna fotografija, odvzamejo se jim otoliti in odstrani oznaka;
(e) all recaptured tagged individuals shall be biologically sampled (length, weight, sex, gonad stage), an electronic photograph taken if possible , the otoliths recovered and the tag removed;