natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
OO. ker Kitajska kljub napredku pri določenih socialnih in gospodarskih pravicah in svoboščinah še zmeraj ne spoštuje osnovnih človekovih pravic, vključno s pravico do življenja in nepristranskega sojenja, svobodo govora in združevanja ter drugih socialnih, gospodarskih in kulturnih pravic, vključno z delavskimi pravicami; ker so žrtve pomanjkljivega spoštovanja človekovih pravic zlasti Tibetanci; ker to vpliva na ugled in dejavnosti Kitajske na tujem, zlasti v Afriki, kjer do razvoja in dobrega upravljanja ne more priti brez demokratične odgovornosti, spoštovanja človekovih pravic in pravne države,
OO. whereas China, despite progress in relation to certain social and economic rights and freedoms, continues to show a lack of respect for basic human rights, including the right to life and to a fair trial, freedom of expression and association and other social, economic and cultural rights, including labour rights; whereas lack of respect for human rights is particularly marked in relation to the Tibetans; whereas that affects the image and action of China abroad, particularly in Africa, where development and good governance cannot progress without democratic accountability, respect for human rights and the rule of law,
PP. ker je treba Kitajski priznati, da je dosegla minimalne zahteve sistema potrjevanja procesa Kimberley za mednarodno trgovino s surovimi diamanti in da je za lesna podjetja postavila smernice o odgovornem obnašanju,
PP. whereas China is to be credited with having met the minimum requirements of the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme for the International Trade in Rough Diamonds and with having produced guidelines on responsible behaviour for timber companies,
QQ. ker je Kitajski treba priznati, da je ratificirala konvencijo Združenih narodov o boju proti korupciji, kljub temu pa korupcija ostaja resen problem na Kitajskem in močno vpliva na doseganje ciljev politike in standardov, ki jih določa centralna vlada, tako na ravni provinc kot lokalni ravni; ker te prakse vplivajo na afriške države, v katere Kitajska in njena podjetja vlagajo, in tako podpirajo korupcijo ter pogosto pomagajo koruptnim režimom, da se bogatijo in ohranjajo na oblasti ter tako onemogočajo dobro upravljanje, odgovornost in pravno državo, ker je strogo spoštovanje Konvencije ZN proti korupciji ključnega pomena za spodbujanje dobrega upravljanja, odgovornosti in pravne države,
QQ. whereas China should be credited with having ratified the UN Convention against Corruption, although corruption remains a serious problem in China, dramatically affecting the capacity to meet, at provincial and local levels, policy goals and standards set by central government; whereas these practices have an impact on African countries where China and Chinese companies invest, often fostering corruption and helping to enrich and keep in power corrupt regimes, thus undermining good governance, accountability and the rule of law; whereas strict respect for the UN Convention against Corruption is essential for the promotion of good governance, accountability and the rule of law,
RR. ker evropski, kitajski in drugi izvozniki orožja podžigajo oborožene spore v Afriki in tako močno spodkopavajo razvoj; ker države članice še niso pravno zavezane s kodeksom ravnanja Evropske unije glede izvoza orožja in ne vršijo ustreznega nadzora nad nedovoljenim orožjem, ki se uvaža v Afriko ali pa je v tranzitu čez afriško ozemlje,
RR. whereas European, Chinese and other arms exporters are fuelling armed conflicts in Africa, thus gravely undermining development; whereas Member States are not yet legally bound by the European Code of Conduct on the Export of Weapons, and exercise inadequate control over illicit arms exported to or transiting through Africa,
SS. ker ima Kitajska kot ena največjih izvoznic orožja na svetu in kot stalna članica varnostnega sveta ZN posebno odgovornost,
SS. whereas China bears a particular responsibility as one of the world's major arms exporters and as a permanent member of the UN Security Council,
TT. ker kitajski izvoz konvencionalnega orožja ter orožja malega kalibra in lahkega strelnega orožja ni dovolj pregleden; ker je Amnesty International nedavno izpostavil, da je Kitajska nevarno popustljiva pri uvozu orožja; ker je Kitajska odgovorna za promet z orožjem s konfliktnimi državami in celo za kršenje embarga Združenih narodov v primeru Darfurja, Liberije in Demokratične republike Kongo,
TT. whereas a lack of transparency exists in relation to Chinese exports of conventional arms and small arms and light weapons; whereas Amnesty International has recently exposed China for having a "dangerously permissive" approach to arms exports; whereas China is responsible for significant arms transfers to conflict-ridden countries, even in violation of UN embargoes in the cases of Darfur, Liberia, and the Democratic Republic of Congo,
UU. ker je Kitajska druga po številu pripadnikov mirovnih sil med stalnimi članicami varnostnega sveta Združenih narodov in ima v mirovnih misijah v Afriki več kot 3 000 enot,
UU. whereas China is to be credited with being the second highest provider of UN peace-keepers among the Permanent Members of the Security Council and has already engaged over 3 000 troops in peace-keeping missions in Africa,
3. poziva EU, naj tudi v konkurenci z drugimi državami donatoricami ohrani visoke zahteve v zvezi s spodbujanjem dobrega upravljanja in spoštovanjem človekovih pravic; spodbuja Evropsko unijo, naj si v tej konkurenci zagotovi boljše mesto s kakovostnejšimi ponudbami, na primer z namestitvijo sodobnejših in podnebju prijaznejših obratov za predelavo surovin v izvorni državi ter zaposlovanjem in usposabljanjem lokalne delovne sile; meni, da bi takšen način reševanja izzivov moral biti del dialoga EU z AU in del vseh odnosov z afriškimi partnerji, in sicer v okviru skupne strategije Afrike in EU ter njenega akcijskega načrta;
Urges the EU, also when in competition with other donor nations, to maintain its high standards regarding the fostering of good governance and respect for human rights; calls on the EU to position itself vis-à-vis its competitors by means of offers which are qualitatively more attractive, such as the establishment of modern, climate-friendly raw materials processing plants in the country of origin and the recruitment and training of local workers; notes that the preparation of such offers should also be integrated in the EU's dialogue with the AU and in relations with all African partners, namely in connection with the implementation of the Joint EU-Africa Strategy and its Action Plan;
9. poziva Evropsko unijo, naj pri svoji presoji kitajskega vpliva v Afriki, upošteva stališča afriških držav in Afriške unije; poudarja, da Evropska unija ne sme posploševati vloge Kitajske in jo mora sprejeti bolj odprto in konstruktivno ter naj ji ne poskuša vsiljevati evropskih modelov in stališč;
Calls on the EU to take into account the views expressed by the African States as well as the AU in its consideration of the impact of China in Africa; stresses that the EU should avoid generalisations about China’s role, should regard it with an open and constructive attitude, and should not try to impose European models and views;
15. poziva EU, naj spodbudi Kitajsko, da izkoristi svoje strokovno znanje in podpre pobude za izboljšanje javnih zdravstvenih sistemov v Afriki in tako zagotovi trajnostni razvoj ter pobude, usmerjene na boj proti epidemijam, ki so povezane z revščino in pustošijo po Afriki, in sicer HIV/aids, malarija in tuberkuloza;
Calls on the EU to encourage China to make use of its health expertise to support initiatives aimed at improving public health systems in Africa, to ensure sustainable development and to support initiatives aimed at combating the poverty-related pandemics that ravage Africa, namely HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Tuberculosis;
20. poudarja, da bi se morala mednarodna partnerstva za razvoj osredotočati na ljudi, saj je trajnostni razvoj mogoč le, če se okrepi vloga civilne družbe; poudarja, da je treba ženske, manjšine in ranljive skupine še posebej podpreti in ceniti kot ključne dejavnike razvoja ter da so pravica do združevanja ter svobodni in pluralni mediji nujno potrebni za razvoj in jih morajo tovrstna partnerstva podpreti;
Stresses that any international partnership for development must be people-focused, since sustainable development is only possible with the empowerment of civil society; stresses that women and minority or vulnerable groups should be particularly supported and valued as essential agents for development, and that freedom of association and free and plural media are essential conditions for development and need to be supported by such partnerships;
23. meni, da je nadvse pomembno, da EU pozove vse politične sile in mednarodne vlagatelje, ki delujejo v Afriki, naj strogo spoštujejo socialne in okoljske zaščitne določbe, ki jih je leta 2002 Svetovna banka določila za dejavnosti pridobivanja surovin;
Considers it of the utmost importance that the EU call on all political powers and international investors operating in Africa to strictly respect the social and environmental safeguard rules established in 2002 by the World Bank for the extractive industries;
27. poziva Evropsko unijo in Kitajsko, naj sprejmeta usklajene ukrepe za odpravo nezakonitega trgovanja z naravnimi viri z oblikovanjem skupne definicije "konfliktnih virov" in imenovanjem mednarodne skupine strokovnjakov za razvoj večstranskih pristopov do reševanja tega vprašanja;
Calls on the EU and China to address the problem of the illicit trade in natural resources through concerted action, which should include an agreed definition of what constitutes 'conflict resources' and the appointment of an international group of experts to develop multilateral approaches to tackle the issue;
32. poziva EU in apelira na Kitajsko, naj se odločneje zavzameta za pravično svetovno trgovino, da bi dosegli skladnost trgovinske in razvojne politike, vidno povečali delež dobička proizvajalcev in delavcev iz svetovne trgovine, izboljšali dostop afriških izdelkov na svetovna tržišča ter znižali uvozne davke za končne izdelke iz Afrike; apelira na vlado Ljudske republike Kitajske in EU, naj izdelata izvozno strategijo, ki ne bo ovirala ekološko in družbeno trajnostne proizvodnje dobrin v Afriki;
Calls on the EU and appeals to China to be stronger advocates of fair world trade in an effort to ensure that trade and development policies are coherent with one another, to increase substantially the share of the profits of the global trade in goods received by producers and workers, to offer African products greater access to world markets and to reduce import tariffs on manufactured products from Africa; appeals to the Government of the People’s Republic of China and to the EU to develop an export strategy which does not pose an obstacle to the ecologically and socially sustainable manufacture of goods in Africa;
Kitajsko pa poziva, naj pri dodeljevanju kreditov upošteva dogodke, ki so v številnih državah v razvoju povzročili dolžniško krizo, da se ne bi ponovile prejšnje napake posojilodajalcev;
Appeals to China , when granting loans, to take account of the events which led to the emergence of the debt crisis affecting many developing countries, and not to repeat the mistakes previously made by lenders;
35. poudarja, da je za Afriko pomembno, da razvije svojo strategijo za Kitajsko; ugotavlja, da je to zelo pomembno za okrepitev vzajemne narave trgovinskih odnosov med Kitajsko in Afriko; poudarja, da mora biti ta strategija osredotočena na večje sodelovanje afriških delavcev pri kitajskih projektih v Afriki, večjo pripravljenost Kitajske za prenos tehnologije in boljši dostop do kitajskih trgov za tipično afriško izvozno blago, kot so kava, kakav in usnjeni izdelki;
Stresses the importance for Africa of developing its own strategy towards China; notes that such a strategy is of great importance in enhancing the reciprocal nature of trade relations between China and Africa; stresses that this strategy must focus on greater participation by African workers in Chinese projects in Africa, greater willingness on the part of China to transfer technology and better access to Chinese markets for typical African exports such as coffee, cocoa and leather goods;
Poziva EU, naj spodbuja kitajske agencije za izvozna posojila, vključno z banko Exim, da izvedejo celovito okoljsko presojo za infrastrukturne projekte v Afriki, npr. jezove, ceste in rudnike;
Calls on the EU to encourage Chinese export-credit agencies, including the Exim Bank, to conduct systematic environmental assessments of infrastructure projects in Africa, such as dams, roads and mines;
51. ugotavlja, da trgovanje in potrošništvo v zahodnih državah nosi del odgovornosti za povečevanje kitajskega povpraševanja po naravnih virih v Afriki in povečanje deleža emisij CO 2 v državah v razvoju, kar je rezultat "zunanjega izvajanja" industrijskih onesnaževalcev; poziva EU, naj v okviru načrta za tristransko sodelovanje s Kitajsko in Afriko obravnava vprašanje pravičnosti, kar zadeva trgovanje in podnebje; poziva EU, naj okrepi tudi ukrepe, ki spodbujajo družbeno in okoljsko odgovorno potrošništvo (vključno z označevanjem izdelkov, ki prikazuje okoljski vpliv v celotnem življenjskem krogu izdelka, od izkoriščanja naravnih virov, do proizvodnje in prevoza);
Recognises the share of responsibility of Western trade and consumption in creating an increasing Chinese demand for natural resources in Africa, as well as for increased CO 2 emissions in developing countries as a result of the “outsourcing” of polluting industries; calls on the EU to raise the issue of trade and climate justice as part of the agenda of trilateral cooperation with China and Africa; calls also on the EU to strengthen measures to promote socially and environmentally responsible consumption (including product labelling demonstrating the environmental impact during the entire life cycle of a product, from extraction of natural resources to production and transportation);
Dobro upravljanje in človekove pravice
Good governance and human rights
56. poudarja, da ne glede na pomen načel suverenosti, lastništva in usklajevanja kitajske "brezpogojne" naložbe v afriških državah, v katerih vladajo zatiralski režimi, prispevajo k nadaljnjemu kršenju človekovih pravic, obenem pa preprečujejo demokratični razvoj in ovirajo priznanje pomembne vloge dobrega upravljanja, vključno s pravno državo in nadzorom korupcije; zato poudarja, da je pomembno, da EU bolj podpre vlade, institucije, akterje civilne družbe, ki spodbujajo dobro upravljanje, pravno državo ter spoštovanje človekovih pravic v Afriki, predvsem nacionalne parlamente, pluralistične strankarske sisteme, organizacije za razvoj in človekove pravice, svobodne medije, protikorupcijska telesa idr.;
Stresses that, notwithstanding the importance of principles such as sovereignty, ownership and alignment, China’s "no-conditions" investments in those African countries misgoverned by oppressive regimes contribute to perpetuating human rights abuses and further delay democratic progress and hinder recognition of good governance, including the rule of law and the control of corruption; in this context, highlights the importance of greater EU support to governments, institutions and civil society actors that promote good governance, the rule of law and respect for human rights in Africa, namely national parliaments, pluralist party systems, development and human rights organisations, free media and anti-corruption bodies;
61. poziva Evropsko unijo, naj spodbuja razvoj mednarodnega in pravno zavezujočega kodeksa o dobrem upravljanju, varnih in pravičnih delovnih pogojih, družbeni odgovornosti gospodarskih družb in praksah varstva okolja, pa tudi razvoj odgovornosti podjetij;
Calls on the EU to encourage the development of international and legally binding codes of conduct on good governance, safe and equitable working conditions, corporate social responsibility and environmental protection practices, as well as to support corporate accountability;
68. poziva EU, naj spodbudi Kitajsko, da še dalje krepi svoje sodelovanje v mirovnih misijah ZN in AU v Afriki ter da po potrebi in v skladu z mandati ZN priskrbi vojaške enote in na ta način svoj prispevek še poveča;
Calls on the EU to encourage China to continue increasing its participation in UN and AU peacekeeping missions in Africa, and to expand that contribution by also supplying combat troops, when necessary and in accordance with UN mandates;
Naroči svojemu predsedniku, naj to resolucijo posreduje Komisiji, Svetu, vladam in parlamentom držav članic EU, vladi Ljudske republike Kitajske in kitajskemu nacionalnemu ljudskemu kongresu, Afriški Uniji, Novemu partnerstvu za razvoj Afrike, vseafriškemu parlamentu in forumu o sodelovanju med Afriko in Kitajsko.
Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Commission and the Council, the governments and parliaments of the Member States, the government of the People's Republic of China and the Chinese National People’s Congress, the African Union, NEPAD, PAP and FOCAC.
Vzpon Kitajske in njena politika "odprtosti"
China ’s rise and its ‘go out’ policy
Kitajska je zaradi izjemnega gospodarskega vzpona, ima namreč 10-odstotno povprečno gospodarsko rast od leta 1990, zdaj četrta največja gospodarska sila na svetu in največji uradni imetnik deviznih rezerv.
China’s impressive economic rise, with an average economic growth of 10% since 1990, has turned it into the fourth largest economy in the world and the largest official holder of foreign exchange reserves.
Obenem je Kitajska še vedno država v razvoju, ki jo zaznamujejo ogromne socio-ekonomske razlike, nedemokratično upravljanje, pomanjkanje spoštovanja temeljnih svoboščin in osnovnih človekovih pravic ter resni okoljski problemi.
At the same time, China is still a developing country, with vast socio-economic disparities, undemocratic governance, lack of fundamental freedoms and basic human rights and serious environmental problems.
Da bi zadostila potrebam, ki jih je ustvaril gospodarski vzpon, je Kitajska sprejela politiko 'odprtosti'.
To meet the needs created by its rise, China adopted a ‘go-out' policy.
Ali kitajsko prodiranje v Afriko prispeva k blaginji in temelji na "sodelovanju, od katerega imata koristi obe strani", ali Kitajska zgolj izkorišča afriške naravne vire in spodkopava trajnostni razvoj?
Is China’s scramble in Africa a driver for prosperity based on «win-win cooperation» or is it reaping African natural resources for Chinese profit and undermining sustainable development?
Povsem mogoče je, da Kitajska s širjenjem izvaža tudi nekatere najslabše domače prakse, med njimi korupcijo, slabo posojilno politiko, pomanjkanje pravic delavcev ter okoljskih standardov.
Also, while expanding, China may be exporting some of its worst home practices, including corruption, bad lending, lack of labour rights and environmental standards.
Kaj bi torej morala storiti Evropska unija?
What, then, should the EU do?
"Pekinški safari": iskanje naravnih virov
" Beijing ’s Safari”: looking for natural resources
Kitajska prisotnost v Afriki se je okrepila v 90. letih prejšnjega stoletja.
Chinese involvement in Africa accelerated in the 1990s.
Leta 2000 so bili na novoustanovljenem forumu o sodelovanju med Kitajsko in Afriko sprejeti velikopotezni načrti.
In 2000, the newly created Forum on China-Africa Cooperation agreed on ambitious plans.
Leto 2006 je bilo zaradi napovedi Pekinga o naložbah in pomoči proglašeno za "afriško leto" Kitajske.
2006 was dubbed China's "Year of Africa” because of investment and aid announcements made by Beijing.
Kitajska je na primer Demokratični republiki Kongo (ki ima enega najbogatejših nahajališč mineralov na svetu) obljubila posojilo v višini 5 mrd USD za izgradnjo cest, železnic, bolnišnic in univerz.
For instance, in DR Congo alone (holding one of the world's richest assortment of minerals), China promised a 5 billion USD loan to build roads, railways, hospitals and universities.
Kakšni strateški vzgibi vodijo kitajsko politiko "odprtosti" v Afriki?
What are the strategic drivers for China’s 'go out' policy in Africa?
Na prvem mestu nafta.
First and foremost, oil.
Kitajska je leta 2003 postala druga največja porabnica nafte na svetu, povpraševanje Kitajske pa se bo do leta 2025 predvidoma podvojilo.
China became the world’s second-largest oil consumer in 2003 and Chinese demand is expected to double by 2025.
Približno 30 % kitajskega uvoza surove nafte dandanes prihaja iz Afrike, nafta predstavlja obenem 50 % afriškega izvoza na Kitajsko.
Some 30% of China’s crude oil imports now come from Africa and oil accounts to 50% of Africa’s exports to China.
Leta 2006 je bila kitajska največja dobaviteljica nafte Angola, sledila sta ji Sudan in Kongo-Brazzaville.
Angola was, in 2006, China’s top African supplier, followed by Sudan and Congo-Brazzaville.
Kitajska išče tudi druge naravne vire (uran, baker, kobalt, rudo, les idr.) ter nove trge.
China is also looking for other natural resources (uranium, copper, cobalt, ore and timber, etc.) and new markets.
Vrh vsega skuša Kitajska pridobiti več politične teže, nabrati podporo za "politiko ene Kitajske" ter se uveljaviti kot svetovna velesila.
Finally, China seeks to reinforce political leverage, gather endorsement for the “one China policy” and profile itself as a global power.
Afrika je še posebno zanimiva, saj večina afriških držav nima zmogljivosti za raziskovanje ter nadzor nad nacionalnimi naravnimi viri, pogosto so odvisne od tujih strokovnjakov in naložb, ureditvene omejitve in konkurenca pa so zanemarljive.
Africa is particularly attractive because most African states lack the capacity to explore and control national resources, often rely on foreign expertise and investment and there are only limited regulatory constraints and competition.
"Sodelovanje jug-jug" ali "neokolonializem"?
‘South-south cooperation’ or ‘neo-colonialism’?
Vpliv Kitajske na Afriko
China ’s impact in Africa
Peking odnose med Kitajsko in Afriko označuje kot sodelovanje med enakovrednima partnerjema, ki koristi obema stranema.
Beijing presents Sino-African relations as economic "win-win cooperation" between equal partners.
Kitajska, ki je iz revščine potegnila milijone svojih državljanov, zagovarja alternativen, državni razvojni model; ta bi bil lahko za celino, kjer so bile neoliberalne reforme, ki jih je uvedel Zahod, neuspešne, in kjer si številni vodje prizadevajo za centralizacijo oblasti, zanimiv.
With a record of lifting millions of its own citizens out of poverty, China promotes an alternative state-directed model for development, which can be alluring in a continent where neo-liberal reforms imposed by the West failed and where many rulers are keen on centralising powers.
Doslej je kitajska sled v Afriki vidna v večjem povpraševanju po surovinah, kar je pripeljalo do dviga cen osnovnih proizvodov ter povečanja konkurenčnosti.
So far, China’s footprint in Africa has led to an increase in Chinese demand for raw materials, which pushed up commodity prices, and increased competition.
Poleg tega si je Kitajska v Afriki z naložbami v gradnjo nujno potrebne infrastrukture pridobila prijatelje.
Moreover, China has made African friends with investments in the construction of badly-needed infrastructures.
Toda vedno več je pritožb zaradi izgube proizvodne zmogljivosti, nizkih plač, slabih delovnih pogojev ter pomanjkanja varnostnih standardov v podjetjih, ki so v kitajski lasti in imajo svoje obrate v Afriki.
But there are also growing complaints about lost manufacturing capacity, low salaries, dire working conditions and lack of safety standards in Chinese-owned companies operating in Africa.
Zdi se, da so interesi Kitajske osredotočeni predvsem na države, bogate s surovinami (oziroma "katerih surovine so njihovo prekletstvo"), ne zmeni pa se za veliko število drugih afriških držav.
Chinese interest seems confined to resource-rich (or "resource-cursed") countries, bypassing a large number of other African nations.