natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
59. meni, da bi morala EU še naprej razvijati svoje zmogljivosti, in poziva Komisijo, naj preuči in poroča o možnostih vzpostavitve in nadaljevanju dejavnosti EU na Arktiki, na primer programa za financiranje polarnih skupnih večstranskih raziskav, ki bi omogočil lažje sodelovanje z manj upravnimi zapleti, in skupnih projektov raziskovalne skupnosti; od Komisije zahteva, naj kot osrednjo prednostno nalogo razišče ustanovitev arktičnega informacijskega centra EU kot skupnega mrežnega podjema, pri tem pa upošteva ustrezne predloge; je seznanjen s predlogom laponske univerze v zvezi s tem; meni, da bi prek tega centra moralo biti mogoče ohranjati stalne stike EU z večjimi akterji na Arktiki, institucijam EU in interesnim skupinam pa posredovati informacije in storitve o Arktiki;
Is of the opinion that the EU should develop further its capacities and calls on the Commission to explore and report on the establishment as well as on the continuation of EU activities in the Arctic such as a circumpolar joint multilateral research funding programme providing for easier and less bureaucratic cooperation and joint projects of the research community; requests the Commission to explore as a key priority the establishment of an EU Arctic Information Centre as a joint, networked undertaking, taking into account suitable proposals; notes the proposal by the University of Lapland in this respect; considers that such a centre needs to be capable both of organising permanent EU outreach to the major actors relevant to the Arctic and of channelling Arctic information and services towards the EU's Institutions and stakeholders;
64. poziva vse vlade v arktični regiji, zlasti rusko, naj sprejmejo in potrdijo deklaracijo Združenih narodov o pravicah avtohtonih ljudstev, ki jo je generalna skupščina sprejela 13. septembra 2007;
Calls for all governments in the Arctic region, especially that of Russia, to adopt and endorse the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples adopted by the General Assembly on 13 September 2007;
Arktična regija zaradi posledic podnebnih sprememb, glavnega krivca za spremembe, privablja čedalje več pozornosti.
The Arctic Region is attracting more and more attention, due to the effects of climate change, the main trigger of developments.
Njihove posledice so obsežnejše kot v drugih regijah sveta.
Its effects are of a larger scale than in other regions of the world.
Hkrati pa te spremembe vplivajo tudi na druge svetovne regije, saj na eni strani raste morska gladina, na drugi strani pa so vidne posledice za sosednja regionalna podnebja.
At the same time, those changes are affecting other regions of the world, through rising sea levels on the one and consequences for adjacent regional climates on the other hand.
Evropa je eden glavnih povzročiteljev onesnaženosti in izpustov toplogrednih plinov, zato ne nosi zgolj nekakšne odgovornosti, ampak se tudi posebej zanima za Arktiko, saj se bo morala spopasti s posledicami sprememb, ki se odvijajo v tej regiji, in sicer od vprašanj v zvezi z okoljem in podnebnimi spremembami do geopolitike ladijskih poti in varne oskrbe z viri.
Thus Europe does not only bear a certain responsibility, being one of the main contributors to pollution and green house gas emissions, but also has a particular interest in the Arctic, since it will have to deal with the consequences of the changes taking place there from environmental and climate change issues to the geopolitics of shipping routes and security of supply of resources.
Zakaj EU potrebuje trajnostno in skladno politiko za Arktiko
Why the EU needs a sustainable and coherent Arctic Policy
Med državami članicami EU so tri tudi članice Arktičnega sveta, Islandija pa je zaprosila za članstvo v EU.
Three of the EU Member States are also Members of the Arctic Council, while Iceland applied for membership in the EU.
Poleg tega sta Norveška in Islandija prek Sporazuma EGP tesno prepleteni s politikami EU, EU pa je sklenila tudi sporazum o partnerstvu z Grenlandijo, ki ni njena članica.
In addition Norway and Iceland are interlinked closely with EU policies trough the EEA agreement, and the EU also has a Partnership agreement with Greenland, which is not part of the EU.
Čeprav EU nima obale ob Arktičnem morju, je v tej regiji že sedaj dejavna na številnih pomembnih področjih
In spite of not having an Arctic coast line, the EU already is an Arctic player in a number of relevant fields
Podrobnejši pregled pravnih pristojnosti EU glede Arktike in podrobna ocena sektorjev sta na voljo v naslednji študiji, ki jo je naročil EP: Timo Koivurova et al ‘EU Competences affecting the Arctic’. .
For a comprehensive overview of legal competences of the EU with regard to the Arctic and for a detailed sectoral assessment: Timo Koivurova et al., ‘EU Competences affecting the Arctic’, study commissioned by the EP. .
Nekatere pristojnosti EU za urejanje vprašanj v zvezi z Arktiko so deljene ali dopolnilne, druge, na primer ribištvo, pa izključne.
Some of the competences of the EU to regulate issues concerning the Arctic are shared or complementary, some like fisheries are exclusive
Natančnejša obravnava Arktike bo izjemno pomembna zaradi številnih razlogov.
Taking a closer look, the Arctic will be of major importance for a number of reasons.
Podnebne spremembe so glavno gonilo sprememb na Arktiki in drugod.
Climate change is the main driver of change in the Arctic as elsewhere.
V splošnem velja, da je Arktika regija, ki jo podnebne spremembe in onesnaževanje, ki izvira v industrializiranih ali razvijajočih se delih sveta, prej in močneje prizadenejo.
It is commonly agreed, that the Arctic is a region that is affected earlier and more heavily by climate change and pollution originating in the industrialised or developing parts of the world.
Temu vprašanju se je treba posvetiti na svetovni ravni, saj njegovi vzroki ležijo zunaj Arktike in bodo posledično vplivali na ves svet.
This question needs to be dealt with on a global level, since its causes lie outside the Arctic and in turn will also affect the whole globe.
EU že ima vodilno vlogo pri raziskavah ter okoljskih politikah in politikah s področja podnebnih sprememb v mednarodnem okviru in bo to vlogo ohranila še naprej.
The EU is already a frontrunner in research and in environmental and climate change policies in the international context and will continue to be so.
Ne glede na boj proti podnebnim spremembam mora EU priznati potrebo po prilagajanju neizogibnim spremembam, prav tako pa mora trezno oceniti tveganja, nevarnosti, izzive in priložnosti, ki jih te spremembe zajemajo.
Notwithstanding the fight against climate change, the EU must acknowledge the need to adapt to the unavoidable changes as well as have a rational assessment of the risks, threats, challenges and opportunities those changes entail.
Rastoče svetovno prebivalstvo bo zahtevalo trajnostno in odgovorno upravljanje razpoložljivih in potrebnih virov.
A growing world population will demand the sustainable and responsible management of the resources available and needed.
To bo veljalo tako za žive vire, na primer ribe, ki bodo prispevali k prehranjevanju svetovnega prebivalstva, kot tudi za nežive vire, na primer plin, nafto ter minerale.
This will be true with regard to living resources like fish that will contribute to feeding the world population, but also with respect to non living resources like gas and oil or minerals.
V tem oziru dojemanje Arktike kot deviškega in nedotaknjenega kraja, ki ga je treba zgolj ohraniti, ni pravilno.
In that respect the perception of the Arctic as a pristine and untouched place that solely needs to be preserved is not correct.
Arktika je za razliko od Antarktike poseljena in tradicionalno izkorišča svoje vire.
The Arctic, unlike the Antarctic is inhabited and has a tradition of making use of its resources.
Zlasti avtohtoni prebivalci na severu že od nekdaj trajnostno izkoriščajo te vire in izrecno zavračajo zamisel o „življenju v muzeju“, temveč izražajo željo po razvoju.
In particular the indigenous people of the north have a long history of sustainable use of those resources and explicitly reject the idea of ‘living in a museum’ but rather express their will to develop.
Ker se zaradi vzpona novih gospodarstev povečujejo potrebe po virih, energiji in mineralih, si EU seveda prizadeva prebivalstvu in industrijam v Evropi zagotoviti varno oskrbo s potrebnimi viri in energijo.
Since the rise of new economies is resulting in an increasing need for resources, energy and minerals, the EU has a natural interest in ensuring security of supply of resources and energy needed for the population and industries in Europe.
Nekatere partnerice z Arktike Evropo že sedaj oskrbujejo s precejšnjim deležem energije, surovin in tudi rib.
Some partners in the Arctic are already today major contributors when it comes to the supply of energy, raw materials and also fish for Europe.
Pestro raznolikost virov, možnosti obnovljive energije iz vetra ali valov ter neprecenljivo pestrost arktične biosfere je mogoče razvijati in obvarovati le s pristopom, ki temelji na celostnem in trajnostnem ekosistemu, kakor je opisano v celostni pomorski politiki EU ali načrtih za celostno upravljanje, ki jih je na primer pripravila Norveška za Barentsovo morje.
The great variety of resources, the potential for renewable energy produced by wind or waves and the invaluable diversity of the Arctic biosphere can only be developed and protected in a holistic and sustainable ecosystem-based-approach as sketched in the EU’s Integrated Maritime Policy or in the integrated management plans for example by Norway in the Barents Sea.
Ker je po ocenah približno petina preostalih zalog ogljikovodika na Arktiki, utegnejo biti ti viri za EU posebej pomembni, dokler ne doseže cilja nizkoogljičnega gospodarstva.
Since it is estimated that about a fifth of the remaining hydrocarbon resources are to be found in the Arctic these resources might be of particular importance to the EU until the goal of a low carbon economy will be achieved.
Zlasti zemeljski plin ali utekočinjeni zemeljski plin ima od vseh tradicionalnih oblik virov energije najmanjše izpuste CO2 in bi utegnil predstavljati velik del celotnega energetskega okvira ter tako delovati kot most pri prehodu v nizkoogljično gospodarstvo
In particular natural gas or LNG has the lowest CO2 emission of all traditional energy forms and could provide a major part in the energy mix and thus function as a bridge into a low carbon economy.
Pregled ocene arktičnih virov je na voljo v študiji, ki jo je naročil EP: Valur Ingimundarson ‘The geopolitics of Arctic Natural Resources’. .
For an overview of Arctic resources assessment see Valur Ingimundarson ‘The geopolitics of Arctic Natural Resources’, study commissioned by the EP.
Evropa mora kot glavni potrošnik teh proizvodov jasno naznaniti, da podpira le dejavnosti, ki upoštevajo najvišje obstoječe okoljske, varnostne in upravne standarde, ter spodbujati sodelovanje na način, na katerega bo mogoče primere najboljše prakse zlahka uporabiti tudi drugod.
As a main consumer of those products, Europe should make clear that it supports only those activities that are conducted with the highest environmental, safety and administration standards available and hence foster cooperation in a way that best practices can easily be applied elsewhere.
Načelo upravljanja na podlagi ekosistema bi lahko zagotovilo, da bodo vidiki in interesi, vključeni v upravljanje določenih regij, kjer se prekrivajo dejavnosti, kot so ribištvo, ladijski promet, izkoriščanje geoloških virov in druge dejavnosti, uravnoteženi z interesom ohraniti in zaščititi ekosistem.
The principle of an eco-system-based management could ensure that the aspects and interests included in the administration of a certain region where activities like, fishing, shipping, exploitation of geological resources and other activities overlap are balanced with the interest to preserve and protect the eco-system.
Še eno večje področje interesa za EU in njene države članice je razvoj novih svetovnih trgovinskih poti.
Another major point of interest for the EU and its Member States is the development of new world trade routes.
Podjetja so že začela raziskovati nove možnosti.
Businesses have already begun to explore the new possibilities.
Lansko poletje je nemško ladijsko podjetje Beluga preizkusilo gospodarske možnosti, tako da je poslalo dve ladji za prevoz zabojnikov iz Azije v Evropo.
Last summer the German shipping company Beluga tested the economical possibilities by sending two container ships from Asia to Europe.
Z vzpostavitvijo severnih morskih poti bi bila trgovina med Evropo, Azijo in Severno Ameriko hitrejša, s čimer bi prihranili energijo, zmanjšali emisije ter znižali stroške, ter varnejša, saj bi se izognili morjem, po katerih plujejo pirati, in gospodarskemu tveganju, ki je prisotno ob uporabi tradicionalnih morskih poti
Developing the northern sea routes would make trade between Europe, Asia and North America faster, thus saving energy, emissions and costs, but also safer, avoiding the pirate ridden seas and included economical risks when using traditional sea routes.
Analiza je na voljo v študiji, ki jo je naročil EP: Moe/ Oystein ‘Opening of new Arctic Shipping Routes’. .
For an analysis see Moe/ Oystein ‘Opening of new Arctic Shipping Routes’, study commissioned by the EP.
Za vzpostavitev teh morskih poti je bistvenega pomena predvidljivost v smislu varnosti in pomorskega ladijskega prometa ter v smislu pravnih in političnih pogojev.
Vital for the development of these sea routes will be the predictability both in terms of safety and marine shipping and in legal and political terms.
Čeprav bodo razmere na Arktiki ostale ostre, bi izboljšave navigacijskih in ladijskih tehnologij omogočile boljšo uporabo teh morskih poti.
Even though conditions will remain harsh in the Arctic, the improvement of navigation and shipping technologies would enable a better use of this route.
Z naložbami v kartiranje, opazovanje morskega ledu, komunikacije, strukture iskanja in reševanja ipd. se bo pokazalo, v kolikšnem obsegu bo mogoče v naslednjih desetletjih uporabljati te poti.
These investments in mapping, sea ice observation, communication and search and rescue structures and alike will determine to what extent this route can be used in the coming decades.
Zanimanje držav, kot so Kitajska, Južna Koreja in Singapur pričajo o tem, da se tem morskim potem pripisuje vedno večji pomen.
The interest of nations like China, South Korea and Singapore highlight the increased importance that is attributed to these sea routes.
EU, države članice in evropska podjetja bi morali biti dejavno vključeni v sodelovanje pri vzpostavitvi navedenih morskih poti, ne le ker bodo te poti izjemno pomembne za evropska podjetja, ampak tudi zato, ker je EU v edinstvenem položaju, da lahko ponudi nekatera orodja, potrebna za njihovo vzpostavitev, na primer boljšo pokritost in večjo zanesljivost, ki bi jo lahko v primerjavi s sedanjimi sistemi GPS zagotovil Galileo.
The EU, its Member States and European businesses should be actively involved in cooperating in the development of those sea routes not only because they will be of major importance to European businesses, but in particular as the EU is in the unique position also to offer some of the tools needed to develop this route, as illustrated by the better coverage and reliability which the Galileo System could provide compared to the existing GPS Systems.
Če spomnimo na zgoraj navedene upravičene interese in položaj EU v smislu financiranja raziskav, ladijskega prometa in moči potrošnikov ter upoštevamo gospodarski pomen EU, lahko Evropa na področju zaščite in trajnostnega razvoja arktične regije ponudi precej.
Recalling the above mentioned legitimate interests and position of the EU in terms of funding of research, shipping, and consumer power and taking into account the EU’s economical importance, Europe has a lot to offer with regard to the protection and the sustainable development of the Arctic region.
Položaj EU v arktični regiji – geopolitika in upravljanje
The Position of the EU in the Arctic Region - Geopolitics and Governance
Preden se podajo predlogi o tem, kako bi bilo najbolje obravnavati tveganja in izzive, je pomembno razumeti in oceniti dejanske politične in pravne razmere na Arktiki.
It is important to understand and asses the actual political and legal situation in the Arctic before making any suggestions on how risks and challenges can best be dealt with.
Arktična regija ni pravna in politična praznina, kakor predvidevajo nekatere opazovalke.
The Arctic region is not a legal or political vacuum as assumed by some observers.
Načeloma gre za morje, ki ga obkrožajo države z daljnosežnimi izključnimi ekonomskimi conami, za katere veljajo njihovi pravni režimi.
Furthermore it is in principle a sea surrounded by states with far reaching EEZ’s on which their legal regime applies.
Obstaja več dvostranskih in nekaj večstranskih sporazumov na nacionalni in regionalni ravni.
There is a large number of bilateral and some multilateral agreements on national and on regional level.
Poleg tega sektorje, pomembne za Arktiko, ureja vrsta mednarodnih pogodb, organizacij in sporazumov.
In addition, a number of international treaties, organisations and agreements regulate sectors of relevance to the Arctic.
Upoštevajoč navedena dejstva postane jasno, da zamisel o pogodbi o Arktiki, pripravljeni po vzoru pogodbe o Antarktiki, kjer gre za celino, ne za morje in ki je za razliko od poseljene in s strani držav nadzorovane Arktike neposeljena in ni v nikogaršnji lasti, poleg tega, da je ne podpirajo prebivalci in arktične države, prav tako ni ustrezen način obravnave arktičnih izzivov.
Having regard to those facts, it becomes clear that the idea of an Arctic Treaty, modelled along the Treaty for the continent of Antarctica, thus land not sea, uninhabited and unclaimed compared to inhabited and state controlled in the Arctic, is not only not promoted by the peoples and states in the Arctic, but also wouldn’t be an appropriate way to deal with the challenges in the Arctic.
Če bi začeli od vsega začetka, prezrli obstoječ pravni okvir, ki se nanaša tudi na zaščito in ohranjanje, ter se zapletli v desetletje trajajoč proces ZN z nejasnimi obeti po sklenitvi nečesa vsaj podobnega mednarodnemu sporazumu o Arktiki, bi zanemarili obravnavo dejanskih in perečih vprašanj na Arktiki.
To start from scratch, neglecting the already existing legal framework, also for protection and preservation, and to engage in a decade long UN Process with the unclear prospect of getting a somewhat international agreement on the Arctic, would result in not dealing with the practical and pressing issues in the Arctic.
Vse države so se zavezale, da bodo pri reševanju sporov upoštevale mednarodno javno pravo, ter so ali bodo predložile svoje zahtevke za podaljšanje cone epikontinentalnega pasu ustrezni komisiji ZN.
All the states have submitted to follow Public International Law in the settlement of disputes and furthermore have or will submit their respective claims for the prolonging of the continental shelf zone to the relevant UN Commission.
Ob pogledu na zemljevid pravnih pristojnosti za Arktiko je očitno, da je skoraj celotno območje že ali še bo del izključne ekonomske cone ene od strani.
Thus looking at the legal map of the Arctic it becomes obvious, that almost all the area is or will be within the EEZ of one of the parties.
Le zelo majhna območja so predmet prekrivajočih se zahtev, vse strani pa so, kakor je navedeno zgoraj, izrazile voljo za reševanje sporov v skladu z mednarodnim pravom.
Only very small areas are subject to overlapping claims and as stated above, all parties declared their will to settle disputes according to international law.
Razmejitveni sporazum, ki sta ga Rusija in Norveška sklenili 15. septembra 2010, je zelo nazoren.
The delimitation agreement between Russia and Norway concluded 15 September 2010 is insofar very illustrative.
To veliko območje se lahko izbriše z zemljevida prekrivajočih se zahtev.
This large area can be deleted from the map of overlapping claims.
Pravne pristojnosti na zemljevidu Arktičnega oceana:
The Legal Situation in the Arctic Ocean Map:
Ob pogledu na zemljevid je mogoče dobiti občutek, da večina Arktike „pripada“ obmorskim državam.
Having a look at the map one will get the impression that most of the Arctic ‘belongs’ to the littoral states.
Kljub temu imajo v skladu s Konvencijo Združenih narodov o mednarodnem pomorskem pravu vse države določene pravice, na primer pravico do„ svobodnega in neškodljivega prehoda“ v teh vodah.
Nevertheless under UNCLOS all states have certain rights such as the right ‘to free and innocent passage’ in these waters.
Poleg tega veljajo tudi drugi mednarodni predpisi.
In addition, other international rules apply.
EU je tako ali drugače vključena v več forumov za mednarodno sodelovanje v regiji, zlasti kot članica Sveta Barentsove evro-arktične regije in kot ad hoc opazovalka v Arktičnem svetu.
The EU is involved in one way or the other in several fora of international cooperation in the region, in particular as a member to the Barents-Euro-Arctic-Council and as an ad hoc observer to the Arctic Council.
Če k temu prištejemo še politiko severne dimenzije in izdatno financiranje arktičnih raziskav, je EU že sedaj priznan akter na Arktiki.
Together with its Northern Dimension policy and the extensive funding of Arctic research the EU is already a recognized player in the Arctic.
Vedno večja strateška pomembnost Arktike je plod različnih nadnacionalnih in nacionalnih procesov, kot so razprave o globalnem segrevanju in verjetnosti, da čez 20-30 let poleti na Arktiki ne bo ledu, o nadzoru nad zalogami nafte in plina na Arktiki ter o možnostih drugih komercialnih priložnostih, ki jih ponujajo nove morske poti; nič manj pa tudi simboličnih političnih dejanj, na primer ruske odločitve o zasaditvi zastave na morsko dno Severnega tečaja leta 2007.
The increased strategic importance of the Arctic has been driven by various transnational and national processes: such as debates on global warming and the prospects for an ice-free Arctic in the summer within 20-30 years, the control over Arctic oil and gas deposits and the potential for other commercial opportunities opened by new sea routes; not least by symbolic political acts, such as the Russian decision to put a flag on the seabed of the North Pole in 2007.
Osem arktičnih držav, ki so stalne članice Arktičnega sveta, osrednje mednarodne in medvladne organizacije v tej regiji, priznava Konvencijo Združenih narodov o mednarodnem pomorskem pravu kot edini popoln večstranski režim, ki velja za Arktiko, in je nasprotovalo zamisli o sklenitvi mednarodne pogodbe o Arktiki, pripravljene po vzoru pogodbe o Antarktiki iz leta 1959.
The eight Arctic states, which are the permanent members of the Arctic Council – the central international and intergovernmental organizations of the region – view UNCLOS as the only comprehensive multilateral regime that applies to the Arctic and have opposed the idea of concluding an international treaty on the Arctic modelled on the Antarctica Treaty of 1959.
Arktične države želijo imeti na podlagi svojega zemljepisnega položaja, suverenih pravic ter gospodarskih in političnih interesov pri upravljanju regije privilegirano vlogo, saj menijo, da je to v skladu s Konvencijo ZN o mednarodnem pomorskem pravu.
The Arctic states want to have a privileged role in managing the region, which they interpret as being consistent with UNCLOS, based on their geographic location, sovereign rights and economic and political interests.
Vprašanje, ali se bo Grenlandija na podlagi klavzule o neodvisnosti iz zakona o samoupravljanju odcepila od Danske, če se bodo njeni bogati naravni viri v naslednjih desetletjih razvijali, ostaja odprto.
It is an open question whether Greenland will secede from Denmark on the basis of the independence clause contained in the Self Rule Act, if its rich natural resources will be developed within the next decades.
Če bodo pogajanja z Islandijo o pristopu v EU uspešna, se bo geopolitična slika korenito spremenila.
The geopolitical picture would change considerably if Iceland’s EU accession negotiations prove successful.