natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Izbira pravega načina za napredovanje na področju pogodbenega prava lahko pomembno prispeva k izboljševanju delovanja notranjega trga in odpiranju polnega potenciala zlasti za mala in srednja podjetja ter potrošnike.
Choosing the right way forward in the area of contract law can make a significant contribution to improving the functioning of the internal market and opening up its full potential for businesses, in particular SMEs, and consumers.
O možnih koristih evropskega pogodbenega prava za notranji trg se je veliko let razpravljalo v medinsitutcionalnem okviru in v širši javnosti; Parlament je o tem vprašanju prvič izrazil svoje mnenje leta 1989.
The potential benefits of European contract law to the internal market have been discussed in the interinstitutional framework and with the broad public for a many years; the Parliament pronounced itself for the first time on the issue in 1989.
Komisija je razširila razpravo s sporočilom leta 2001, v katerem se je osredotočila na možne težave, ki bi jih lahko povzročile razlike med pogodbenimi pravi na notranjem trgu, in možnostih za ukrepanje.
The Commission has broadened the debate by issuing its Communication of 2001, focusing on possible problems divergences in contract law might raise within the internal market and on possible options for action.
Na podlagi odzivov na posvetovanje je Komisija leta 2003 objavila akcijski načrt, v katerem je med drugim predlagala oblikovanje skupnega referenčnega okvira, ki bi vseboval opredelitve, skupna načela in vzorčna pravila za izboljšanje kakovosti in skladnosti evropskega pogodbenega prava.
Within the light of the responses to this consultation, the Commission has issued an Action Plan in 2003, proposing, inter alia , the elaboration of a Common Frame of Reference, containing definitions, common principles and model rules, with a view to improving the quality and coherence of European Contract Law.
V naslednjem sporočilu leta 2004 je Komisija določila nadaljnje ukrepanje po akcijskem načrtu, predlagala je tudi pregled pravnega reda Unije na tem področju, leta 2008 pa je predložila predlog direktive o pravicah potrošnikov.
In a further Communication, in 2004, the Commission has set out the follow-up to that Action Plan and also proposed to review the Union a c quis in the area, it submitted in 2008 a proposal for a Directive on consumer rights.
Komisija je dvakrat poročala o napredku na področju evropskega pogodbenega prava in skupnega referenčnega okvira ter je zdaj v obliki zelene knjige znova predlagala število ukrepov za to področje.
As regards European Contract Law and the Common Frame of Reference, the Commission has reported twice on progress in this area, and has, now again, proposed a number of actions to take in the area in the form of a Green Paper.
Vredno je opozoriti, da je Parlament v svojih različnih resolucijah o vprašanju večkrat potrdil koristi, ki jih ima izboljšan pogodbenopravni okvir za notranji trg, ter pozdravil zamisel o skupnem referenčnem okviru in vztrajal, da je pri tem njegova udeležba in udeležba ustreznih interesnih skupin nujna.
It merits attention that the Parliament has, in its various resolutions on this matter, repeatedly acknowledged the benefits an improved contract law framework has on the internal market, has further welcomed the idea of a Common Frame of Reference, and has insisted on close involvement of itself and the stakeholders concerned.
Cilj poročila je, da odgovori na nedavno objavljeno zeleno knjigo Komisije o evropskem pogodbenem pravu in določi prednostne naloge Parlamenta na tem področju.
The report intends to respond to the recent Commission Green Paper on European Contract Law, and to set out the Parliament's priorities in this area.
Ker mora vsaka pobuda o pogodbenem pravu natančno odgovarjati dejanskim potrebam in interesom podjetij in potrošnikov, poročevalka meni, da mora vsaka utemeljitev na tem področju graditi na sedanjih razmerah v pogodbenem pravu in raznih težavah, s katerimi se srečujejo, zlasti v čezmejnih transakcijah.
Given that any initiative in contract law will have to closely respond to actual needs and concerns of businesses and consumers, the rapporteur believes that any reasoning in this area needs to be built on practical evidence relating to the current situation in contract law and any difficulties that businesses and consumers encounter, in particular in cross-border transactions.
Poročilo se torej nanaša na več sklopov novejših podatkov:
The report therefore refers to several sets of recent data:
– Federacija malih podjetij Združenega kraljestva je v dokumentu o njihovem stališču o Uredbi Rim I leta 2007 izračunala, da bi moralo podjetje plačati 15.000 EUR za začetek e-trgovine v eni od državi članic, vključno s stroški pravnih, prevajalskih in izvajalskih storitev.
– The UK Federation of Small Businesses have calculated in their position paper on the Rome I Regulation, 2007, that it would cost a business an amount of € 15,000 to enter the e-commerce market of one Member State, the costs including legal fees, translation fees and implementation fees.
– Po podatkih za Flash Eurobarometer št. 224 iz leta 2008 o odnosu podjetij do čezmejnega trgovanja in varstva potrošnikov, je bilo med 30. januarjem in 7. februarjem 2008 anketiranih 7282 direktorjev v 27 državah članicah in Norveški.
– For the Flash Eurobarometer 224, 2008, on "Business attitudes towards cross-border sales and consumer protection", according to the information provided, a total of 7,282 managers in the 27 Member States and Norway were interviewed between 30 January and 7 February 2008.
Med glavnimi ugotovitvami so naslednji izsledki (Glavne ugotovitve, str.
Among the main findings are the following results (Main findings, p.
· Tri četrtine trgovcev v EU prodajajo samo na domačih trgih.
· Three-quarters of EU retailers sell only to their domestic markets.
Bolj verjetno je, da bodo v čezmejnem trgovanju sodelovale srednje in velike trgovske družbe.
Furthermore, the businesses most likely to be involved in cross-border retailing are medium and medium-large retail enterprises.
· 60 odstotkov trgovcev je menilo, da so zaznani stroški izpolnjevanja različnih nacionalnih zakonodaj, ki urejajo transakcije potrošnikov, zaskrbljujoči in predstavljajo oviro za poslovanje.
· The perceived cost of complying with different national laws regulating consumer transactions was seen by 60% of the retailers as an obstacle that caused them concern.
· Ugotovljeno je bilo tudi, da se 46 odstotkov trgovcev strinja, da bi njihova čezmejna prodaja narasla če bi bile določbe, ki urejajo transakcije potrošnikov, usklajene po vsej Uniji.
· It was further found that 46% of the retailers agreed that if the provisions of the laws regulating consumer transactions were harmonised throughout the Union, their cross-border sales would increase.
41 odstotkov jih je odgovorilo, da se njihova čezmejna prodaja ne bi spremenila.
41 % said the level of cross-border sales would not change.
Medtem ko jih 75 odstotkov zdaj ne opravlja čezmejne trgovine, jih je le 41 odstotkov odgovorilo, da ne bi, tudi če bi bila ureditev usklajena.
Furthermore, whereas 75% do not currently sell cross-border, only 41% say that they would continue not to do so if regulations were harmonised.
– Po podatkih iz sporočila imajo dokazi iz sporočila Komisije z dne 22. oktobra 2009 o čezmejnem e-trgovanju med podjetji in potrošniki v EU ( KOM(2009)0557 ) naslednje ozadje: preizkuševalcem iz vseh držav članic je bilo naročeno, naj pripravijo seznam 100 najbolj prodajanih izdelkov na spletu in zabeležijo skupno ceno, stroške dostave in vključene stroške.
– The evidence used from the Communication from the Commission of 22 October 2009 on Cross-Border Business to Consumer e-Commerce in the EU ( COM(2009)0557 ) has, according to the information contained in that communication, the following background: testers located in all the Member States were instructed to search for a list of 100 popular products on the internet and to record the total price, all delivery charges and costs included.
Primerjali so domačo in čezmejno ponudbo, kjer je bila na voljo.
Domestic and cross-border offers, if available, were compared.
Zabeležena je bila tudi dostopnost izdelkov in ali se je transakcijo dalo izpeljati.
Also the availability of products and whether the transaction could be concluded was recorded.
Prišli so do naslednjih ugotovitev:
The following were some of the findings obtained:
· Primerjava cen: v 13 od 27 držav članic EU (Portugalska, Italija, Slovenija, Španija, Danska, Romunija, Latvija, Grčija, Estonija, Finska, Madžarska, Ciper, Malta) so preizkuševalci za vsaj polovico vseh iskanih izdelkov lahko našli vsaj eno čezmejno ponudbo, ki je bila vsaj 10 odstotkov cenejša od domače ponudbe ( KOM(2009)0557 , str.
· Price comparison: in 13 EU Member States out of the 27 (Portugal, Italy, Slovenia, Spain, Denmark, Romania, Latvia, Greece, Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Cyprus, Malta) for at least half of all the product searches, testers were able to find one cross-border offer that was at least 10% cheaper than the best domestic offer (COM (2009)0557, p.
· Dostopnost izdelkov: pri zgornjem preizkusu preizkuševalcem na Cipru, Malti in v Luksemburgu, pa tudi v Litvi, Latviji; Irski, Belgiji, Estoniji, Portugalski in Finski ni uspelo najti domače spletne ponudbe za vsaj polovico s seznama 100 iskanih izdelkov ( KOM(2009)0557 , str.
· Access to products: within the exercise described above, testers in Cyprus, Malta, and Luxembourg, but also in Lithuania, Latvia, Ireland, Belgium, Estonia, Portugal and Finland could not find domestic online offers for at least half the products contained within their search for 100 products (COM (2009)0557, p.
Poročevalka meni, da ti podatki dokazujejo, da razlike v pogodbenem pravu odvračajo podjetja, zlasti mala in srednja, od čezmejnega trgovanja ter jim preprečujejo, da bi izkoristila priložnosti in prednosti notranjega trga.
The rapporteur believes that these data make a case that divergences in contract law discourage businesses, in particular SMEs, from engaging into cross-border trade and keep them from benefiting from opportunities and gains which the Internal Market offers.
Nadalje potrjujejo, da so potrošniki zaradi šibke čezmejne konkurence v neugodnem položaju zaradi omejene izbire proizvodov, višjih cen in nižje kakovosti; potrošnikom je lahko celo popolnoma preprečen dostop do čezmejne ponudbe.
They further confirm that consumers are disadvantaged by limited product choice, higher prices and lower quality due to weak cross-border competition; consumers even may be refused access to cross-border offers altogether.
Sestava poročila
Structure of the report
Poročilo je razdeljeno na štiri dele: v prvem in drugem delu vsebuje odgovore na vprašanja, ki jih je postavila Komisija v zeleni knjigi; v tretjem in četrtem delu obravnava vprašanja, ki so po mnenju poročevalke posebno pomembna, zlasti vprašanja uporabe instrumenta evropskega pogodbenega prava v praksi in vprašanja sodelovanja interesnih strani ter ocene učinka.
The report falls into four sections: in the first and second section, it provides responses to the questions raised by the Commission in its Green Paper; the third and fourth sections address issues the rapporteur believes to be of specific importance, in particular issues of the application of a European Contract Law instrument in practice and questions related to stakeholder involvement and the impact assessment.
Poročevalka meni, da je prednost zbirke orodij, da se jo lahko dokaj hitro vzpostavi; lahko bi se uvedla postopoma in bi bila najprej na voljo Komisiji, ko bo predlagala zakonodajo, ki se nanaša na pogodbeno pravo in potem, v drugem koraku, ko bo medinstitucionalni sporazum sprejet, Parlamentu in Svetu, ko bosta sprejemala področno zakonodajo.
The rapporteur believes that a toolbox has the advantage that it could be set up rather speedily; it could be introduced by a step-by-step approach, and could be made first available to the Commission when proposing legislation relevant to contract law, and then, in a second step, once an interinstitutional agreement has been concluded, to Parliament and Council when legislating in this area.
S hitro pripravo zbirke orodij bi zagotovili prvo preizkušanje posameznih prvin skupnega referenčnega okvira in prvo sodno prakso, s tem bi se pripravila pravna podlaga za delovanje izbirnega instrumenta.
The speed with which a "toolbox" could be drawn up would ensure first field testing of individual elements of the CFR and first jurisprudence, thus preparing the legal background against which an OI will operate.
Po mnenju poročevalke ima izbirni instrument jasne prednosti, na primer v primerjavi z veljavnim sklopom mednarodnih pravil, kot sta Dunajska konvencija o mednarodni prodaji blaga ali načela UNIDROIT za mednarodne gospodarske pogodbe, ker bo zagotovil pravno varnost pod pristojnostjo Sodišča EU in večjezičnost.
The rapporteur sees it as a clear advantage of an OI, for instance compared against existing international sets of rules as the Vienna Convention on International Sale of Goods (CISG) or the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, that it will provide legal certainty under the jurisdiction of the Court of Justice and language plurality.
Poročevalka še zlasti meni, da je ugodno, da bo izbirni instrument razširil izbiro za stranke in jim prinašal koristi, če bodo menile, da je privlačen in se bodo zanj odločile.
The rapporteur particularly sees it as advantageous that an OI will enlarge the choice of parties, and will have benefits should it be perceived as attractive by the parties and chosen.
Ne bo pa škodoval, če se zanj ne odločijo.
It will not be of any detriment if it is not chosen.
Poročevalka tudi meni, da bo mehanizem za spremljanje in pregled ključnega pomena za zagotavljanje, da bo izbirni instrument spremljal potrebe trga ter pravni in gospodarski razvoj.
The rapporteur further takes the view that a monitoring and review mechanism will be of crucial importance in order to ensure that the OI keeps up with market needs and legal and economic developments.
Poročevalka meni, da bi lahko zajemal pogodbe med podjetji ter med podjetji in strankami.
The rapporteur considers that both business-to-business and business-to-consumer contracts should be covered by an OI.
Meni tudi, da bi morala biti raven varstva potrošnikov visoka, da bi se zagotovili pričakovani učinki na notranjem trgu.
She believes that the level of consumer protection would need to be high in order to ensure the expected internal market effects.
Prav tako meni, da bi lahko bil izbirni instrument na voljo kot možnost za sodelovanje („opt-in“) za čezmejne in domače storitve, vendar želi, da bi se temeljito analiziralo, ali in na kakšen način bi dostopnost izbirnega instrumenta za domače transakcije vplivala na razvoj nacionalnega pogodbenega prava; tako analizo bi lahko izvedli kot del ocene učinka, ki mora spremljati predlog kakršnega koli instrumenta pogodbenega prava.
She further takes the view that an OI could be available for opt-in both in cross-border and domestic situations, but wishes to see the question thoroughly analysed whether and how the availability of an OI for domestic transactions would affect the evolution of national contract laws; such analysis could be done in the framework of the impact assessment which will have to accompany the proposal of any contract law instrument.
Poročevalka opaža, da nekateri želijo omejiti prihodnji instrument pogodbenega prava na e-trgovino ali prodajo na daljavo in potrjuje, da bi bile tovrstne pogodbe eno od glavnih področij uporabe prihodnjega instrumenta, vendar ne želi ustvariti umetnega razlikovanja med virtualnimi transakcijami/transakcijami na daljavo ter transakcijami, sklenjenimi v prisotnosti strank, zato ni naklonjena omejevanju izbirnega instrumenta v tem pogledu.
The rapporteur notes that there are voices wishing to limit a future contract law instrument to e-commerce or distance selling and acknowledges that such contracts would be one of the main fields of application of a future instrument, but she does not wish to create an artificial differentiation between "virtual"/distance and face-to-face transactions and therefore does not favour to limit the scope of an OI in that respect.
Glede pomembnega področja uporabe poročevalka meni, da bi se instrument moral osredotočiti na bistvena vprašanja pogodbenega prava.
As regards the material scope of the instrument, the rapporteur believes that it should focus on core issues of contract law.
Glede zajemanja posebnih vrst pogodb poročevalka meni, da je treba dati prednost določbam o prodaji blaga in pogodbam o storitvah.
Concerning the coverage of specific types of contract, the rapporteur believes that provisions on sale of goods merit priority, as well as service contracts.
Želi tudi opomniti, da je Parlament že poudaril v svoji resoluciji z dne 2. septembra 2003, da bi se moralo instrument za sodelovanje prednostno zagotoviti na področjih potrošniških in zavarovalnih pogodb in meni, da bi bil izbirni instrument zlasti koristen za male zavarovalne pogodbe.
She further wishes to recall that Parliament has already emphasised in its resolution of 2 September 2003 that an opt-in instrument in the areas of consumer contracts and insurance contracts should be a priority, she sees benefits for an OI in particular in respect of small scale insurance contracts.
Poročevalka tudi želi raziskati možnosti, ki jih lahko izbirni instrument nudi na področju digitalnih pravic in dejanskega lastništva, tj. vprašanj, ki so bila odprta v potekajoči razpravi.
The rapporteur further is interested in exploring the opportunities the OI can offer as regards digital rights and beneficial ownership, issues that have been raised in the ongoing discussions.
Po drugi strani poročevalka meni, da je potrebno jasno opredeliti meje glede vrst pogodb, ki jih zajema.
On the other hand, the rapporteur sees a need to clearly define the limits as regards types of contracts covered.
Na primer, jasno bi moralo biti, da zapletene pogodbe javnega prava ali določene velike pogodbe na področju javnih naročil ne bile spadale v izbirni instrument.
For instance, it should be clear that complex public law contracts or certain large scale contracts in the area of public procurement would not fall under an OI.
V tem delu poročevalka odpre številna vprašanja, ki se zdijo pomembna za praktično uporabo izbirnega instrumenta.
In this section, the rapporteur raises a number of issues that appear important for the practical application of an OI.
Še zlasti poudarja, da morata biti glavni cilj enostavnost in pripravljenost za uporabo.
She above all emphasises that simplicity and readiness for use should be a key objective.
Poleg tega je treba izbirni instrument videti v kontekstu standardnih določil in pogojev, saj bo za tiste, ki bodo želeli uporabljati izbirni instrument, zlasti za mala in srednja podjetja, ključno, da bo na voljo enostavna in razumljiva zbirka standardnih pravil.
Furthermore, an OI will have to be seen in the context of standard terms and conditions, and it will be crucial for those seeking to use the OI, in particular for SMEs, that simple and comprehensible sets of standard rules are available.
Če se bo uporabljal tudi sistem znaka zaupanj, bi to zagotovilo dodatno zaupanje potrošnikov.
If some form of trust mark system were in place, this would ensure additional consumer confidence.
Poročevalka tudi meni, da je treba iskati sinergije z alternativnim reševanjem sporov, postopkom za evropski plačilni nalog in evropskim postopkom v sporih majhne vrednosti.
The rapporteur further takes the view that synergies with ADR, and also with the European Order for Payment Procedure and the European Small Claims Procedure should be sought.
Ob koncu poudarja, do bo izbirni instrument potrošnikom odprl izbiro.
She finally emphasises that an OI will open up consumer choice.
Poročevalka opozarja, da je široko zastavljeno in uravnoteženo vključevanje interesnih skupin izjemno pomembno.
The rapporteur recalls that broad and balanced stakeholder involvement is of crucial importance.
Strinja se, da sedanji način, po katerem Komisija vključuje strokovnjake in interesne skupine v delo, že zagotavlja sodelovanje zainteresiranih skupin.
She acknowledges that the present Commission working method involving an expert and a stakeholder group already assures participation of interested parties.
Vendar pa meni, da je treba poudariti, da postopek še vedno v fazi posvetovanja, zakonodajni postopek sam pa se ni še začel; vključevanje interesnih skupin bo še zlasti pomembno v zakonodajnem postopku in z vsemi sredstvi bo treba zagotoviti vključenost in preglednost tega postopka.
But she believes it important to emphasise that the process has not yet left the consultation phase, the legislative procedure as such has not started yet; stakeholder involvement will in particular be essential during that legislative procedure, the inclusivity and transparency of which will have to be assured by all available means.
o možnostih politike za napredek na področju evropskega pogodbenega prava za potrošnike in podjetja
on Policy options for progress towards a European Contract Law for consumers and businesses
(*) Pridruženi odbor – člen 50 poslovnika
(*) Associated committees – Rule 50 of the Rules of Procedure
A. ker je potrebna obsežnejša raziskava, da bi bolje razumeli, zakaj notranji trg ostaja razkosan in kako se teh problemov lotiti ter kako zagotoviti izvajanje obstoječe zakonodaje,
A. whereas greater study is needed to further understand why the internal market remains fragmented and how best to address these problems, including how to ensure implementation of existing legislation,
B. ker so med najbolj očitnimi ovirami v zvezi z enotnim trgom, s katerimi se srečujejo potrošniki ter mala in srednja podjetja, zapletenost pogodbenih razmerij, nedovoljeni pogodbeni pogoji, neustrezne in pomanjkljive informacije ter neučinkoviti in dolgotrajni postopki,
B. whereas some of the most evident impediments that consumers and SMEs face with regard to the Single Market are complexity in contractual relations, unfair terms and conditions of contracts, inadequate and insufficient information and inefficient and time-consuming procedure,
C. ker bi skupno evropsko pogodbeno pravo koristilo potrošnikom in zlasti prispevalo k večjemu obsegu čezmejne trgovine na notranjem trgu in njeni večji dostopnosti,
C. whereas a common European Contract Law would benefit consumers and in particular contribute to more and easily accessible cross-border trade within the internal market,
D. ker je Komisija v svoji zeleni knjigi
D. whereas in its Green Paper
1 KOM(2010)0348 končno.
1 COM(2010)0348 final.
1 predstavila številne možnosti za instrument evropskega pogodbenega prava, ki bi lahko pomagal razviti podjetništvo in okrepiti zaupanje javnosti v enotni trg,
1 the Commission sets out a range of options for a European Contract Law instrument which could help develop entrepreneurship and strengthen public confidence in the Single Market,
E. ker so pogajanja za direktivo o varstvu potrošnikov
E. whereas the negotiations on the Consumers’ Rights Directive (CRD)
F. ker mora biti končni produkt na področju evropskega pogodbenega prava, preden ga po potrebi spremenita in uradno sprejmeta evropska sozakonodajalca, realističen, izvedljiv, sorazmeren in dobro premišljen,
F. whereas any end product in the field of European Contract Law must be realistic, feasible, proportionate and properly thought through prior to being amended, if necessary, and formally adopted by the European co-legislators,
3. poudarja gospodarski pomen malih in srednjih podjetij ter obrtnikov v evropskem gospodarstvu; zato vztraja, da je treba uresničevati načelo „najprej misli na male“, ki ga promovira „akt za mala podjetja“, in ga obravnavati kot prednostno nalogo v okviru razprave o pobudah EU glede pogodbenega prava;
Highlights the economic importance of SMEs and craft manufacturing businesses in the European economy; insists, therefore, on the need to ensure that the 'think small first' principle promoted by the 'Small Business Act' is well implemented and considered as a priority in the debate over EU initiatives related to contract law;