natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
– Zunanji stroški se bodo nadomestili z izboljšanjem okoljevarstvene učinkovitosti motorjev, rednim obnavljanjem flot in povečanjem uporabe velikih reaktivnih letal, kot je A-380 (ki že porabi 20 % manj kerozina kot njegovi konkurenti).
- External costs will be smoothened by the improvement of the environmental performance of engines, by a regular renewal of the fleets and by the increase of use of the super sized jumbo jets such as the A-380 (which already consumes 20% less kerosene than its competitors).
Parlament je večkrat potrdil potrebo po boljši internalizaciji okoljskih (zunanjih) stroškov, na podlagi direktive o evrovinjeti pa je treba do junija 2008 oblikovati enake konkurenčne pogoje v prometu.
The necessity of a better internalisation of environmental (external) costs has been reaffirmed by the Parliament numerous times and a level playing field for transport should be set up by June 2008 following the Eurovignette Directive.
Predstavljamo si lahko, da bo to na določeni točki vplivalo na zračni prevoz in tudi mora vplivati nanj.
One can imagine that Air transport will and should at some point also be impacted.
Vendar mora ta proces potekati z razvojem pravil na mednarodni ravni, zato da se ne ovira konkurenčnost zračnega prevoza EU, ki jo že ogroža hiter razvoj večjih vozlišč v sosednjih regijah EU, ki niso del Evropske unije .
However this process should take place though the evolution of rules at international level with a view of not hampering EU air transport competitiveness which is already threatened by the fast development of major hubs on neighbouring non EU regions of Europe .
· Kaj lahko na ravni EU storimo za izpolnjevanje potrebe po dodatnih zmogljivostih?
· What can be done at EU level to address the need for additional capacities?
– Organizacija boljšega usklajevanja prizadevanj za izgradnjo novih zmogljivosti v Evropi
- Organise a better coordination of efforts to build new capacities in Europe
Prvi korak lahko vključuje zagotavljanje orodij za vrednotenje in prepoznavanje položaja in prihodnjih potreb glede zmogljivosti in optimalne uporabe novih zmogljivosti za konkurenčnost zračnega prevoza EU ter za dolgoročno učinkovitost prometnih tokov.
A first step could consist in providing tools to evaluate and identify the situation and future needs in capacity and the optimal use of new capacities for the competitiveness of EU air transport and the long term efficiency of traffic flows.
Tudi če potreba po dodatnih zmogljivostih ni posebno poudarjena v sporočilu Komisije, kaže na potrebo po jasni opredelitvi obstoječih zmogljivosti in zagotovitev orodij za ocenjevanje prihodnjih potreb.
Even if the need for extra capacity is not specifically stressed in the Communication from the Commission, it highlights the need to clearly identify existing capacities and to provide tools to assess future needs.
To je minimalni pogoj, ki ga mora Evropski parlament podpreti.
Such an exercise is a minimum prerequisite that the EP should uphold.
Vendar je ta postopek sodelovanja mogoče razširiti, tako da bo vključeval oblikovanje načina načrtovanja zmogljivosti letališča , ki ga na ravni EU pripravijo Komisija in pridružene države članice, Evropski parlament in industrija.
But this collaborative process could be extended to include the creation of a form of airport capacity planning at EU level organised by the Commission and associating Member States, the EP and the industry.
Končno mora biti redna ocena zmogljivosti letališča na voljo Parlamentu.
Finally a regular assessment on airport capacity should be made available to the Parliament.
Kljub temu je mogoče storiti več:
But more could be done:
– Vzpostavitev primernejšega regulativnega okolja
- Building a more suitable Regulatory environment
Čeprav EU ni neposredno pristojna za odločanje o gradnji novih zmogljivosti letališč, lahko vpliva na obliko regulativnega okolja, ki bi ga ustrezno pospremil takšen razvoj ter zajamčil učinkovitost in konkurenčnost sektorja glede na konkurente zunaj EU (vozlišča zunaj EU).
Even if the EU has no direct competence to decide on the building of new airport capacity, it can influence the shape of the regulatory environment that would properly accompany such an evolution and guarantee the efficiency and competitiveness of the sector vis-à-vis non EU competitors (non EU Hubs).
Področja regulativnega ukrepanja so med drugim:
The fields for regulatory action are among others:
– V zvezi z Uredbo 95/93 o skupnih pravilih dodeljevanja slotov na letališčih Skupnosti je potrebnih več navodil Komisije, prav tako je potrebno pojasnilo besedila.
- For Regulation 95/93 on common rules for the allocation of slots at Community airports more guidance is needed from the Commission, clarification of the text is also necessary.
Uvajanje tržnih mehanizmov v postopek dodeljevanja slotov je treba pospešiti.
The introduction of market based mechanisms in the slot allocation process should be accelerated
– Uredba 95/93 (spremenjena leta 2004) določa ustanovitev Odbora za koordinacijo slotov na vsakem večjem koordiniranem letališču v okviru drugih nalog za vzpostavitev metode spremljanja uporabe slotov s strani letalskih prevoznikov in zagotavljanja boljše koordinacije in usklajenosti med sloti upravljanja pretoka zračnega prometa in komercialnimi sloti letališča.
- A Slot coordination committee in each big "coordinated "airport has been established by Regulation 95/93 (modified in 2004) amongst other tasks to establish the method to monitor the use of slots by the airlines and to insure better coordination and matching between ATFM (Air Traffic Flow Management) and airports commercial slots.
Bolj na splošno se zdi, da bi lahko storili več za preprečitev ali odpravo posledic zlorab letalskih prevoznikov, ki namenoma izvajajo zračne storitve v popolnoma drugih slotih, kot so jim bili dodeljeni.
More generally, it seems that more could be done to prevent or correct misuses from Air carriers that intentionally operate air services at a time significantly different from the allocated slot.
– Pospešiti bi bilo treba oblikovanje funkcionalnih blokov zračnega prostora s pripravo, če je potrebno, pristopa od zgoraj navzdol , da se zagotovijo bistvene izboljšave pred letom 2010.
- To speed up the creation of functional airspace blocks by if necessary preparing a top-down approach to guarantee substantial improvements before 2010
– Ob upoštevanju, da bo stopnja rasti inovativnosti in prevzemanja novih tehnologij zaradi odsotnosti novih mednarodno dogovorjenih strogih standardov v zvezi s hrupom pred letom 2010 verjetno precej počasnejša kot stopnja rasti zračnega prometa, bo potreben nov pristop, srednjeročni oziroma vsekakor pred letom 2025, da se omeji število ljudi, ki trpijo zaradi hrupa .
- Considering that the rate of innovation and uptake of new technologies are likely to be much slower than the rate of growth of air travel in the absence of new internationally agreed noise stringency standards before 2010, a new approach to limit the number of people affected by noise will be needed in the mid term and in any case before 2025.
Takšen nov pristop bi lahko bil strožji ter bi lahko posplošil pristojbine za hrup in okrepil omejitve obratovanja na ravni EU.
Such a new approach could be more restrictive and lead to a generalisation of noise charges and the reinforcement of operating restrictions at EU level.
Zemeljska oskrba
Ground handling
Direktiva o zemeljski oskrbi iz leta 1996
The 1996 "ground handling" Directive
Cilj direktive je izboljšati konkurenčno izvajanje storitev zemeljske oskrbe na evropskih letališčih, da se zmanjšajo stroški letalskih prevoznikov, izboljša kakovost storitev in letalskim prevoznikom omogoči izbira izvajalca.
The objective of the Directive is to enhance the competitive provision of ground handling services at European airports, in order to reduce airline costs, improve quality of service and provide airlines with a choice of handling agent.
Direktiva predvideva, da njene določbe o izvajanju storitev tretje stranke veljajo na vseh letališčih z več kot 2 milijona potnikov ali 50 000 ton tovora na leto; za samoizvajanje je prag 1 milijon potnikov ali 25 000 ton tovora na leto.
The Directive foresees that its provisions on third party handling apply in all airports with more than 2 million passengers or 50,000 tonnes of freight per annum; for the self handling aspects, the thresholds is 1 million passengers or 25,000 tonnes of freight per annum.
Razen štirih kategorij zemeljske oskrbe direktiva zahteva, da lahko vsaka organizacija zagotavlja storitve zemeljske oskrbe (po pridobitvi varnostnega dovoljenja in potrdila o finančni ustreznosti), vključno z letalskimi prevozniki, ki želijo sami izvajati storitve.
With the exception of four categories of ground handling, the Directive requires that any organisation be allowed to provide ground handling services (subject to licensing for safety and financial fitness etc.), including airlines wishing to self-handle.
Kljub temu lahko država članica za delo s prtljago, na ploščadi, s tovorom in pošto ter za oskrbo z gorivom omeji število izvajalcev, vendar ne na manj kot dve organizaciji.
However, for baggage, ramp, and freight and mail handling, and for fuelling, a Member State can limit the number of handlers, but to no less than two organisations.
Dodatna zahteva je, da mora biti vsaj eden od izvajalcev neodvisen od upravljavca letališča in letalskega prevoznika (letalskih prevoznikov), ki je (so) odgovoren (odgovorni) za več kot 25 % prometa letališča.
A further requirement is that at least one of the handlers has to be independent of both the airport operator and any airline(s) responsible for carrying more than 25% of the airport’s traffic.
Ocena 10-letnega izvajanja direktive
Assessment of 10 years implementation of the Directive
V svojem poročilu Komisija na podlagi študije iz leta 2002 in brez novejše podrobne analize navaja, da je uvedba konkurence za številna letališča, ki so bila prej zaprti ali statični trgi, ustvarila:
In its report the Commission states , on the basis of a study dating from 2002 and without any new in depth analysis, that the introduction of competition at many airports which were previously closed or static markets has produced:
* višjo vrednost za denar, porabljen za storitve zemeljske oskrbe;
* Better value for money spent on ground-handling services;
* večji pritisk na cene za storitve zemeljske oskrbe;
* Greater pressure on the prices for ground-handling services;
* v nekaterih primerih zavlačevanje pristojnih organov/letališč pri celoviti uporabi direktive;
* Dilatory actions in some instances on the part of competent authorities/airports in fully applying the Directive;
* določen vpliv na pogoje zaposlovanja v industriji, vendar brez dokazov za splošno zmanjšanje števila delovnih mest;
* Some impact on employment conditions in the industry but no evidence of an overall reduction of jobs;
* manjši pretres tržnih deležev storitev zemeljske oskrbe na gospodarsko najpomembnejših letališčih v EU. „samo“23 novih članov v zadnjih sedmih letih)
* A modest shake-up in the market shares in ground handling at the economically most important EU airports. ("only" 23 new entrants in the last 7 years)
Morebitna vprašanja za prihodnjo spremembo direktive 96/67
Possible issues for a future modification of Directive 96/67
Vprašanje revizije direktive je bilo odprto več let.
The issue of the Revision of the Directive has been on the table for several years.
Komisija je pred dvema letoma pripravila nov osnutek predloga, vendar je bila njegova objava preložena zaradi kombinacije različnih težav, ki so jih predstavile nekatere večje zainteresirane strani.
A new draft Proposal was established by the Commission 2 years ago but its publication has been postponed because of a combination of different problems raised by some major stakeholders.
V zvezi s preambulo je treba biti pozoren na potrebo po zagotovitvi ustreznega izvajanja sedanje direktive in to ne le v novih državah članicah.
As a preamble, one should be mindful of the necessity to ensure a proper implementation of the current Directive, and not only in the new Member States.
Dejansko se zdi, da nekatere države članice direktive ne izvajajo ustrezno v smislu odpiranja trga, razen tega bi bilo mogoče sprožiti nekatere postopke v primeru kršitev, da se zagotovi vsaj pravilno izvajanje veljavnih določb.
Indeed, it appears that in some Member States the Directive is not properly implemented in terms of opening up of the market, some breach procedures could be launched in order to at least ensure the correct implementation of the current provisions.
Prav tako bi bile lahko določbe direktive jasnejše, zato da letališčem ne omogočajo različne razlage.
It may also be that the provisions of the Directive could be made clearer in order not to leave to airports a too wide margin of interpretation.
· Ali potrebujemo nadaljnjo liberalizacijo?
· Do we need further liberalisation?
Ker je bila direktiva zasnovana kot večstopenjska naloga, moramo preveriti, ali bi imel trg zaradi nadaljnjega odpiranja trga zemeljske oskrbe dodatne koristi, zato da se pridobi več dodane vrednosti in dosežejo cilji besedila.
As the Directive was conceived as a multiple step exercise we will have to examine if the market would benefit from a further opening of the ground handling market in order to gain more added value and to achieve the objectives of the text.
To je mogoče storiti s povečanjem števila izvajalcev tretje strani , ki tekmujejo za omejeno število storitev zemeljske oskrbe.
This could be done by increasing the number of third party suppliers vying for a restricted number of ground handling services.
To bi povzročilo spremembo področja uporabe z dodatnimi pravili za odprtje trga na večjih letališčih (na primer 10–20 milijonov potnikov) ali na letališčih s precejšnjim spornim trgom (kadar najpomembnejši letalski prevozniki ali letališče ne zagotavljajo večinskega deleža storitev zemeljske oskrbe).
It would lead to the modification of the scope with extra rules for market opening in bigger airports (for example 10-20 million passengers) or for airports where there is a substantial contestable market (when the main airlines or the airport does not ensure the majority of the ground handling).
Vendar je pred začetkom nadaljnje liberalizacije potrebna nova neodvisna analiza učinka.
It would however be necessary to have a new independent impact analysis before entering in any further liberalisation.
· Kako zagotoviti, da se mnenje/interesi uporabnikov (letalskih prevoznikov) upošteva pri izbiri izvajalca zemeljskih storitev?
· How to guarantee that the users' (airlines) opinion/interests are preserved in the choice of the ground handler?
Nove izvajalce za omejene storitve izbere letališče, medtem ko se pogodba v zvezi z izvajanjem storitev sklene med izvajalci storitev in letalsko družbo.
The choice of a new entrant for restricted services is made by the airport while the contract relating to the supply of services is concluded between the service providers and the airline.
Za bolj k uporabnikom usmerjeno politiko dodeljevanja zmogljivosti za izvajalce zemeljske oskrbe je treba uvesti nova pravila za Odbor letaliških uporabnikov : na primer, lahko se zahteva posebna spodbuda, kadar izbira letališča ne upošteva mnenja odbora.
In order to have a more user-oriented policy for the allocation of capacity for ground handlers new rules for the Airport Users Committee should be installed: for example, a special motivation could be required when the choice made by the airport does not follow the opinion of the Committee.
V tem primeru je takšno odločitev prav tako mogoče posredovati organu, ki je neodvisen od upravnega organa letališča.
The decision could also in this case be passed on to an authority independent from the managing body of the airport.
Razen tega letalski prevozniki, ki že izvajajo storitve zemeljske oskrbe na letališču, ne smejo sodelovati pri glasovanju glede mogočih konkurentov.
Furthermore, the airlines already operating ground handling in the airport should not be part of the vote concerning its possible competitors.
Nazadnje je treba v zapisnike s sej glede izbora kandidatov vključiti tudi mnenje zavrnjenih kandidatov.
Finally the dissident opinion should be included in the minutes of the meeting on selection of candidates.
Radikalnejši predlog je, da odločitev sprejme komisija, ki združuje letališče in uporabnike.
A more radical suggestion could be that the decision be taken by a commission associating the airport and the users.
· Potreba po zagotavljanju dobre kakovosti storitev po konkurenčnih cenah
· The need to guarantee good quality of services at competitive prices
Če je znižanje cen pravičen cilj za letalske prevoznike in potnike, ga mora spremljati kakovost storitev, med katerimi je učinkovitost pretoka z najboljšo ravnjo varnosti/varovanja.
If the reduction of prices is a fair objective for airlines and passengers, it has to be accompanied by the quality of services among which is the efficiency of the throughput with the best security/safety level.
Parlament bi imel koristi od poglobljenega vpogleda v vse tiste parametre na glavnih letališčih EU, ki temeljijo na primerjalni analizi, da se primerja razmerje učinkovitosti/stroškov zemeljske oskrbe na glavnih letališčih EU na podlagi organizacijske sheme za njihovo zagotovitev (izvaja jih letališče, letalski prevoznik ali tretja stranka).
Parliament would benefit from having an in depth view of all those parameters on major EU airports based on a benchmarking exercise so as to compare the efficiency/cost ratio of ground handling on major EU airports following their organisational scheme for the provision of such (airport based, self handling based or third party based).
Razen tega mora postopek za izdajanje dovoljenj na ravni držav članic EU za zagotovitev minimalne ravni kakovosti in trajnosti izvajalca postati obvezen.
Moreover a licensing process at EU Member State level to guarantee a minimum level of quality and sustainability of the provider should become mandatory.
Podeljevanje dovoljenja lahko spada na področje načela vzajemnega priznavanja.
The attribution of a license could fall under the principle of mutual recognition.
Končno, direktiva lahko določi, da lahko vsako letališče vzpostavi minimalne standarde kakovosti, ki jih je treba upoštevati pri izbirnem postopku in jih vključiti v pogodbo med letalskim prevoznikom in izvajalcem storitev.
Finally, the Directive could foresee that any airport can establish minimum quality standards that should be taken into account in the selection procedure and inserted in the contract between the airline and the service provider.
· Socialna vprašanja
· Social issues
Ker lahko menjave osebja zelo vplivajo na varnost in ker bo to vprašanje verjetno preprečilo kakršno koli nadaljnje odpiranje trga, bi bilo možno preveriti pravila, ki omogočajo najemanje nekdanjih zaposlenih izvajalca storitev zemeljske oskrbe, kot to ponazarja Meijerjevo poročilo, in predvideti možnost, da nacionalni organi zahtevajo, da izbrani izvajalec prej zaposlenemu osebju odobri pravice, do katerih bi bili upravičeni, če bi se zgodil prenos v smislu direktive 2001/23 o ohranjanju pravic delavcev v primeru prenosa podjetij .
As staff turnover may have important safety implications and because this issue will probably prevent any further opening of the market, rules for taking on former employees of the ground handling services provider could be examined, taking the example of the Meijer Report and the possibility that national authorities could require the selected operator to grant staff previously taken on the rights to which they would have been entitled if there had been a transfer within the meaning of Directive 2001/23/ on the safeguarding of employees' rights in the event of transfers of undertakings .
Drugo pomembno vprašanje je podizvajanje storitev s strani podpogodbenikov, ki še niso določeni, ko se izbere glavni izvajalec.
The other important issue is the subcontracting of the provision of services to entities that are not identified when the main provider is chosen.
Ta možnost dodeljevanja storitev podpogodbenikom mora biti predmet minimalnega nadzora na ravneh varnosti/kakovosti dejanskih izvajalcev, vendar tudi zato da se zaščiti pravična konkurenca.
This possibility of subcontracting should be subject to a minimum control on the safety/quality levels of the effective providers but also in order to secure a fair competition.
Končno, za vse zaposlene v storitvah zemeljske oskrbe je treba zahtevati razumno raven usposabljanja, ki ne sme vključevati le varnosti.
Finally, a reasonable level of training should be required for all employees of ground handlers, and not only on security.
Razen spodbujanja kakovostnih storitev bi to tudi utrdilo položaj nekdanjih zaposlenih, ko trg prevzame nov izvajalec.
Apart from promoting quality of services, this would also consolidate the position of former employees when a new provider is taking over the market.
o zmogljivosti, učinkovitosti in varnosti letališč v Evropi: učinkovitejši politiki naproti
on airport capacity and groundhandling: towards a more efficient policy
Odbor za ekonomske in monetarne zadeve poziva Odbor za promet in turizem kot pristojni odbor, da v svoj predlog resolucije vključi naslednje pobude:
The Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs calls on the Committee on Transport and Tourism, as the committee responsible, to incorporate the following suggestions in its motion for a resolution:
2. meni, da 14 ukrepov, ki jih je Komisija predlagala v svojem sporočilu "Akcijski načrt za zmogljivost letališč, učinkovitost in varnost v Evropi" ( KOM(2006)0819 ), pomenijo skladen pristop k izboljšanju uporabe obstoječih zmogljivosti, vendar Komisijo poziva, da sestavi tudi dolgoročno strategijo o širitvi zmogljivosti letališč; nadalje meni, da bi bilo treba opraviti popolno revizijo zakonodaje, da se letališča Skupnosti še dodatno odpre za liberalizacijo trga;
Considers that the 14 actions suggested by the Commission in its Communication entitled "An action plan for airport capacity, efficiency and safety in Europe" ( COM(2006)0819 ) represent a consistent approach to improving the use of current capacities, but calls on the Commission also to formulate a long-term strategy on airport capacity expansion; considers furthermore that a full review of the legislation should take place in order to further open Community airports to market liberalisation;
UL L 377, 27.12.2006, str.
OJ L 377, 27.12.2006, p.
1. in št. 1900/2006
1. and N° 1900/2006
5. poziva Komisijo, naj izvede raziskavo o potrebi po novi infrastrukturi na evropskih letališčih ob upoštevanju zemljepisnih, gospodarskih, družbenih, okoljskih in vremenskih posebnosti in naj nato Evropskemu parlamentu pred letom 2009 poroča o predlogu za nove zmogljivosti letališč v Evropi; meni, da mora takšno poročilo predstavljati povezovalni pristop držav članic za usklajevanje vseh nacionalnih pobud za gradnjo novih zmogljivosti letališč;
Asks the Commission to carry out a survey on the need for new infrastructure at Europe's airports taking account of their particular geographic, economic, social, ecological and meteorological characteristics, and then to report to the European Parliament before 2009 on a proposal for new airport capacity in Europe; considers that this report should present a cohesive approach for Member States in order to help coordinate any national initiatives for building new airport capacity;
8. ugotavlja, da so letala v zadnjih 40 letih zmanjšala emisije CO2 za 70 % na letalo ter da se to zniževanje še nadaljuje, saj je cilj sektorja, da do leta 2020 zmanjša emisije še za dodatnih 50% na letalo;
Notes that aircraft have reduced their CO 2 emissions by 70% per aircraft over the past 40 years and that this reduction is ongoing, the objective of the industry being to achieve an additional cut of 50% per aircraft by 2020;