natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Varstvo potrošnikov na notranjem trgu, Eurobarometer, september 2006. , pri čezmejnih nakupih težje reševati,
Consumer protection in the internal market , Eurobarometer, September 2006. ,
C. ker je glavni cilj tega pregleda zagotovitev pravega potrošniškega notranjega trga, ki bi zagotovil ravnotežje med visoko ravnjo varstva potrošnikov in konkurenčnostjo podjetij,
C. whereas the overarching aim of the review is to achieve a real consumer internal market while striking a balance between a high level of consumer protection and the competitiveness of enterprises,
D. ker je 90 % podjetij v Evropi zelo majhnih podjetij, ki zaradi svojih značilnosti vzpostavljajo neposreden in zaupen odnos s potrošnikom, so običajno zelo lokalno usmerjena, in ker je treba upoštevati te posebnosti pri pregledu prava Skupnosti o varstvu potrošnikov,
D. whereas 90% of enterprises in Europe are very small enterprises, which by their nature establish a direct relationship of trust with the consumer, and are generally very local, and that account should be taken of these specific characteristics in the context of the review of the acquis on consumer protection,
E. ker se s pristopom minimalne usklajenosti ni bila dosežena usklajenost in ker v dvajsetih letih razvoja potrošniškega prava ta pristop ni omogočil vzpostavitve enotnega notranjega trga na drobno, ki bi koristil državljanom,
E. whereas the minimum harmonisation approach does not achieve the aim of harmonisation and in 20 years of evolving consumer law has not been able to create an integrated internal retail market that benefits the public,
F. ker je potrebno poenostaviti in uskladiti osem direktiv
F. whereas the eight consumer protection directives
Direktiva Sveta 85/577/EGS z dne 20. decembra 1985 za varstvo potrošnika v primeru pogodb, sklenjenih zunaj poslovnih prostorov (UL L 372, 31.12.1985, str.
Council Directive 85/577/EEC of 20 December 1985 to protect the consumer in respect of contracts negotiated away from business premises (OJ L 372, 31.12.1985, p.
Direktiva Sveta 90/314/EGS z dne 13. junija 1990 o paketnem potovanju, organiziranih počitnicah in izletih (UL L 158, 23.6.1990, str.
Council Directive 90/314/EEC of 13 June 1990 on package travel, package holidays and package tours (OJ L 158, 23.6.1990, p.
Direktiva Sveta 93/13/EGS z dne 5. aprila 1993 o nedovoljenih pogojih v potrošniških pogodbah (UL L 95, 21.4.1993, str.
Council Directive 93/13/EEC of 5 April 1993 on unfair terms in consumer contracts (OJ L 95, 21.4.1993, p.
Direktiva 94/47/ES Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 26. oktobra 1994 o varstvu potrošnikov v zvezi z nekaterimi vidiki pogodb o nakupu pravice do uporabe nepremičnin na podlagi časovnega zakupa (UL L 280, 29.10.1994, str.
Directive 94/47/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 26 October 1994 on the protection of purchasers in respect of certain aspects of contracts relating to the purchase of the right to use immovable properties on a timeshare basis (OJ L 280, 29.10.1994, p.
Direktiva 97/7/ES Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 20. maja 1997 o varstvu potrošnikov glede sklepanja pogodb pri prodaji na daljavo (UL L 144, 4.6.1997, str.
Directive 97/7/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 1997 on the protection of consumers in respect of distance contracts (OJ L 144, 4.6.1997, p.
Direktiva 98/6/ES Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 16. februarja 1998 o varstvu potrošnikov pri označevanju cen potrošnikom ponujenih proizvodov (UL L 80, 18.3.1998, str.
Directive 98/6/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 February 1998 on consumer protection in the indication of the prices of products offered to consumers (OJ L 80, 18.3.1998, p.
Direktiva 98/27/ES Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 19. maja 1998 o opustitvenih tožbah zaradi varstva interesov potrošnikov (UL L 166, 11.6.1998, str.
Directive 98/27/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 1998 on injunctions for the protection of consumers' interests (OJ L 166, 11.6.1998, p.
Direktiva 1999/44/ES Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 25. maja 1999 o nekaterih vidikih prodaje potrošniškega blaga in z njim povezanih garancij (UL L 171, 7.7.1999, str.
Directive 1999/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 May 1999 on certain aspects of the sale of consumer goods and associated guarantees (OJ L 171, 7.7.1999, p.
12). o varstvu potrošnikov, predstavljenih v zeleni knjigi, da se prepreči razdrobljenost in zagotovi posodobitev zakonodaje Skupnosti o potrošnikih,
12). named in the Green Paper need to be simplified and made consistent to avoid fragmentation and to achieve the modernisation of Community consumer law,
G. ker je odločen, da se dokončno vzpostavi evropski notranji trg, v korist 493 milijonov potrošnikov Skupnosti, in da se odpravijo preostale omejitve konkurence v pogodbenem in gospodarskem pravu,
G. whereas it is determined to complete the European internal market, for the benefit of the Community's 493 million consumers, and to remove remaining restrictions on competition in contract and commercial law,
H. ker je za krepitev zaupanja evropskih državljanov v notranji trg treba zagotoviti večjo pravno varnost za potrošnike in gospodarske subjekte ter učinkovito izvajanje veljavne zakonodaje,
H. whereas, in order to enhance European citizens' confidence in the internal market, legal security, both for consumers and economic operators, needs to be increased and the legislation in force needs to be effectively applied;
1. , v zvezi s vprašanji, ki zadevajo zaupanje potrošnikov;
1. , identifying questions relating to consumer confidence;
Splošni zakonodajni pristop
GENERAL LEGISLATIVE APPROACH
Izbira mešanega pristopa
The choice of a mixed approach
6. meni, da bi bilo treba horizontalni akt redno obravnavati, ocenjevati njegovo učinkovitost in njegov vpliv ter ga pregledati, če je potrebno;
Considers that the horizontal instrument should be regularly reviewed and its effectiveness and impact evaluated, with a view to a revision if necessary;
8. meni, da je treba horizontalni akt čim širše uporabljati pri vseh potrošniških pogodbah za nacionalne ali čezmejne transakcije, da bi preprečili pojav novega izvora zapletenosti, z določitvijo različnih pravnih sistemov za potrošnike glede na način transakcije;
Considers that the horizontal instrument should be applied as widely as possible to all consumer contracts, whether for national or cross-border transactions, in order to avoid introducing a further element of complexity by imposing different legal arrangements on consumers depending on the nature of the transaction;
Stopnja usklajevanja
Degree of harmonisation
12. opozarja, da se po veljavnih pravnih predpisih glede neusklajenih področij uporabljajo določbe mednarodnega zasebnega prava, zlasti Rimska konvencija z 19. junija 1980 o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih, tako imenovani Rim I; v zvezi s tem bo med tekočimi razpravami pomembno, da se preprečijo razhajanja med to konvencijo in posebnimi pravnimi akti Skupnosti;
Points out that as the law stands at present as regards the non-coordinated areas, the applicable law is determined by the rules of international private law, in particular the Rome Convention of 19 June 1980 on the law applicable to contractual obligations ('Rome I'); in this regard it will be important, during the current discussions, to avoid divergences between this convention and specific Community legal acts;
14. ugotavlja, da točki 4 in 5 v prilogi 1 zelene knjige vsebujeta dolg seznam pravnih pogodbenih vprašanj glede potrošniških pogodb, da so nekatera izmed teh vprašanj že bila del dejavnosti s področja skupnega referenčnega okvira, da imajo številna izrazito "političen" značaj, zato bi za vključitev katerega koli splošnega pravila v usklajeni akt na ravni EU bila potrebna obširna (tudi javna) razprava in globok premislek;
Recommends the inclusion , in the sectoral instruments, of an internal market clause to allow consumers to benefit fully from the internal market;
Vsebina horizontalnega akta IN ODGOVORI NA ZELENO KNJIGO
CONTENT OF THE HORIZONTAL INSTRUMENT AND RESPONSES TO THE GREEN PAPER
16. meni, da opredelitve „potrošnika“ in „poslovnega subjekta“ v zakonodaji Skupnosti in nacionalnih zakonodajah niso usklajene ter da je nujno treba pojasniti te pojme v horizontalnem aktu, če določajo področje uporabe prava varstva potrošnikov;
Considers that the definitions of 'consumer' and 'professional' are not consistent either in Community legislation or in national legislation and that it is essential to clarify these concepts in the horizontal instrument given that they determine the scope of consumer law;
Splošna klavzula o dobri veri in pravičnem ravnanju
General clause of good faith and fair dealing
Nepravični pogoji
Unfair terms
Seznam pogojev
List of terms
22. zavrača zamisel o razširitvi ugotavljanja pravičnosti na vse bistvene pogoje pogodbe, vključno s tistimi, ki zadevajo glavno vsebino in predvideno ceno ob upoštevanju načela pogodbene svobode;
Rejects the idea of extending the unfairness test to all the core terms of a contract, including the main subject matter of the contract and the assessment of the price, having regard to the principle of contractual freedom;
23. ocenjuje, da je na tej stopnji težko določiti splošne predpise o pogodbenih učinkih v primeru neizpolnjevanja obveznosti sporočanja podatkov, ki upoštevajo značilnosti vsake pogodbe;
Considers that at this stage it is very difficult to determine general rules on the contractual effects of failure to provide information which will take into account the characteristics of each contract;
Pravica do odstopa od pogodbe
The right of withdrawal
Trajanje in načini izračuna roka za odstop od pogodbe
Duration and the method of calculating the withdrawal period
Načini izvajanja pravice do odstopa od pogodbe
Considers that the length of the periods should be harmonised where this is justified by the circumstances;
28. meni, da bi uvedba "standardnega vzorca odstopa od pogodbe" v vseh jezikih Skupnosti poenostavila postopke, zmanjšala stroške ter okrepila preglednost in zaupanje potrošnikov;
Believes that the introduction of a 'standard withdrawal form' in all the Community languages would simplify procedures, reduce costs, and increase transparency and consumer confidence;
Uvedba splošnih pogodbenih pravnih sredstev
Introduction of general contractual remedies
Posebna pravila o prodaji potrošniškega blaga
Specific rules on consumer sales
Vključene vrste pogodb
Types of contracts to be covered
32. predlaga izključitev tega vprašanja iz področja uporabe horizontalnega akta in ohranitev možnosti držav članic, da določijo, da pojem potrošniškega blaga ne vključuje rabljenega blaga, ki se prodaja na javnih dražbah; kljub temu priporoča sprejetje posebnih pravil za spletne dražbe;
Proposes excluding this issue from the scope of the horizontal instrument and maintaining the possibility for Member States to provide that the definition of consumer goods does not include second-hand goods sold at public auctions; recommends, however, the adoption of specific rules for on-line auctions;
33. meni, da so pojem dostave in določbe o prenosu tveganja tesno povezani; predlaga torej, da se v horizontalni akt vključi skupna opredelitev pojma dostave, v kateri bi bilo načeloma treba dati prednost pogodbenemu sporazumu;
Considers that the definition of delivery is closely linked to the rules on passing of risk; proposes, therefore, the inclusion in the horizontal instrument of a common definition of delivery, in which in principle priority should be given to a contractual agreement;
Skladnost blaga
Conformity of goods
37. meni, da bi horizontalni akt lahko vzpostavil sistem uveljavljanja pravnih sredstev v primeru slabega izvajanja, pri čemer je razveljavitev prodajne pogodbe možna le zaradi popolnega neizvajanja pogodbe ali posebno hudih kršitev pogodbe;
Considers that the horizontal instrument could establish an order of available remedies in the case of wrong performance, with termination of contract being reserved for complete non-performance or particularly serious breaches of contract;
Sporočanje o neskladnosti
Notification of the lack of conformity
Neposredna odgovornost prodajalca za neskladnost
Direct producers' liability for non-conformity
Trgovinska jamstva
Commercial guarantees
Zelena knjiga in evropsko pogodbeno pravo
THE GREEN PAPER AND EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW
UčinkovitA UPORABA prava varstva potrošnikov
EFFECTIVE APPLICATION OF CONSUMER LAW
44. poziva Komisijo, da skrbno oceni vpliv predlaganih ukrepov v okviru tega pregleda, da bi zagotovila, da bodo povečali zaupanje potrošnika brez nalaganja dodatnih stroškov podjetjem, zlasti majhnim in srednje velikim, ter da bodo prispevali k oblikovanju notranjega trga;
Urges the Commission to thoroughly assess the impact of any measures proposed within the framework of this review to ensure that they increase consumer confidence without adding unnecessary burden to businesses, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, and that they contribute to the completion of the single market;
49. podpira sedanje in načrtovane pobude Komisije za usposabljanje potrošnikov; meni, da bi se tudi s sodelovanjem med vladami in podjetniškim sektorjem lahko storilo več za spodbujanje visokokakovostnega usposabljanja v finančnem sektorju ter tako povečalo finančno pismenost, kakovost produktov in legitimnost sektorja kot celote; pozdravlja naročeno študijo o pobudah za splošno finančno pismenost v Evropski uniji, katere rezultati se pričakujejo konec leta 2007;
Supports the Commission's current and planned initiatives on the education of consumers; takes the view that more could be done also through cooperation between governments and the business sector in order to promote the provision of high-quality training in the financial sector so as to increase financial literacy, the quality of products and the legitimacy of the sector as a whole; welcomes the study commissioned on initiatives for general financial literacy in the European Union, the results of which are scheduled for the end of 2007;
Zelena knjiga Komisije o pregledu pravnega reda o varstvu potrošnikov je del obveznosti v okviru pobude za boljšo pripravo zakonodaje, ter poenostavlja in dopolnjuje sedanji zakonodajni okvir za vzpostavitev pravega potrošniškega notranjega trga.
The Commission’s Green Paper on the Review of the Consumer Acquis is in line with the commitments undertaken as part of the ‘better lawmaking’ initiative by simplifying and completing the existing regulatory framework with the aim of achieving a real consumer internal market.
Zelena knjiga je tudi jedro obsežnih prizadevanj, ki se izvajajo v korist potrošnikov.
The Green Paper is also at the centre of an ambitious project on behalf of consumers.
V tem smislu poročevalka podpira v njej izražen ideal, da bi se lahko ob koncu izvajanja evropskim potrošnikom preneslo sporočilo: „Ni važno, kje v EU ste ali kje kupujete;
Your rapporteur shares the ideal expressed in the Green Paper: to be able to say to European citizens when the project is complete, ‘wherever you are in the EU or wherever you buy from it makes no difference: your essential rights are the same’.
Pregled pravnega reda o varstvu potrošnikov in prizadevanje v zvezi z evropskim pogodbenim pravom sta neposredno povezana.
The review of the consumer acquis and the work done on European contract law are directly linked.
Ta pritisk v izvajanje Zelene knjige vnaša nekaj zapletenosti, vendar kljub temu ne upravičuje odložitve pregleda, da bi upoštevali nenatančen časovni načrt za oblikovanje evropskega pogodbenega prava.
This constraint introduces an element of complexity into the Green Paper process, but does not, however, justify postponing the review to take into account the far-from-precise timetable for drawing up European contract law.
Kljub temu se je treba zavedati, da nekateri koncepti temeljijo na splošnem pogodbenem pravu (dobra vera, pravna sredstva ...).
Nevertheless, it should be borne in mind that certain concepts do relate to general contract law (good faith, remedies, etc.).
Določenemu številu uradnih zapisnikov Komisije ni mogoče nasprotovati in sami po sebi upravičujejo potrebo po pregledu.
Certain findings made by the Commission are incontestable and in themselves substantiate the need for a review.
Zaradi hitrega razvoja trga in zlasti pojava novih načinov trgovinskih transakcij, kot je elektronsko poslovanje, je veljavna zakonodaja delno zastarela.
The rapid development of the market , and in particular the emergence of new forms of commercial transaction, such as e-commerce, has in part rendered the existing legislation obsolete.
Poročevalka priporoča vključitev tega besedila ter direktiv o finančnih storitvah na daljavo, potrošniškem kreditu in nepoštenih poslovnih praksah, če so del evropskega instrumenta za varstvo potrošnikov.
Your rapporteur recommends including that text, and also the directives on distance marketing of financial services, consumer credit and unfair commercial practices, because they too form part of the European provisions on consumer protection.
Razen tega razdrobljenost zakonodaje zlasti zaradi manevrskega prostora držav članic pri prenosu zakonodaje povzroča neskladja ter razlike med pravicami in obveznostmi strank v trgovinskih transakcijah.
Furthermore, the fragmentation of the rules , owing, in particular, to the margin for manoeuvre which the Member States are allowed in transposing the legislation creates inconsistencies and divergences in the rights and obligations of the parties to a commercial transaction.
Zato je posodobitev tega pravnega okvira nujna, da bi prispevali k razvoju notranjega trga z zagotavljanjem večje pravne varnosti potrošnikom in gospodarskim subjektom.
It is therefore essential to modernise this law in order to help develop the internal market by increasing legal security for both consumers and economic operators.
Vseeno je učinkovito izvajanje prava varstva potrošnikov še vedno velika težava, ki je zelena knjiga ne obravnava.
However, effective implementation of consumer law remains a major problem, and one which is not addressed in the Green Paper.
Najboljši način za ponovno vzpostavitev zaupanja potrošnikov in gospodarskih subjektov je zagotovitev učinkovitosti prava.
The best way to restore the confidence of consumers and economic operators is to ensure that the law is effective.
Če so potrošniki zadržani glede sklepanja pogodb zunaj države njihovega običajnega prebivališča, je to povezano zlasti z bojaznijo, da v primeru spora ne bodo mogli uveljaviti svojih pravic.
If consumers are reluctant to conclude contracts outside their country of residence it is mainly because they are afraid they will be unable to enforce their rights in the event of a dispute.
Zato je bistveno zagotoviti boljše izvajanje in boljšo uporabo.
Better enforcement and application of the law is therefore essential.
Zakonodajni pristop
Legislative approach
Zaradi pojasnitve in uskladitve je treba sprejeti horizontalni pravni okvir, ki bo združeval skupna vprašanja varstva potrošnikov.
For reasons of clarity and consistency, a horizontal legal framework needs to be adopted covering the issues common to all aspects of consumer protection.
Ta horizontalni akt ima prednost tudi zaradi prožnosti: za obvladovanje novih tržnih pogojev bi bilo preprosteje in hitreje začeti s pregledom tega edinstvenega akta kot s ponovnim pregledom več direktiv.
A horizontal instrument also has the advantage of flexibility: to respond to new market conditions it will be easier and quicker to review this single instrument than to re-examine numerous directives.
Zato nekatera vprašanja ostajajo sektorska in ne morejo temeljiti na skupnem aktu.
However, certain issues are sector specific and cannot be subject to a common instrument.
Nujno je torej ohranjanje vertikalnega pristopa.
In that case a vertical approach needs to be maintained.
Zato poročevalka priporoča mešani pristop.
Your rapporteur therefore recommends a mixed approach.
Področje uporabe horizontalnega akta
Scope of the horizontal instrument
Poročevalka meni, da se mora horizontalni akt uporabljati širše za vse potrošniške pogodbe v nacionalnih ali čezmejnih transakcijah.
Your rapporteur believes that the horizontal instrument should be applied as widely as possible to all consumer contracts, whether for national or cross-border transactions.
Določitev različnih pravnih sistemov za potrošnike glede na vrsto transakcije bi bila v nasprotju s ciljem pregleda in bi povzročila nove zaplete.
Imposing different legal arrangements depending on the nature of the transaction would run counter to the objective of the review by introducing a new element of complexity.
Zdaj zakonodaja Skupnosti o varstvu potrošnikov temelji na načelu minimalnega usklajevanja, ki državam članicam omogoča vzpostavitev višjih ravni varstva, kot jih predvidevajo direktive.
At the moment Community legislation on consumer protection is governed by the principle of minimum harmonisation, allowing Member States to impose higher levels of protection than those laid down in the directives.
V nobenem primeru ni sprejemljivo, da bi potrošnik odklonil pravilo, ki bi ga bolje zaščitilo in mu je bilo do takrat zagotovljeno.
For the consumer, it is not acceptable under any circumstances for a rule affording more protection which had previously been granted to him to be waived.
Razen tega koristi maksimalnega usklajevanja niso dokazane.
Moreover, the benefits of maximum harmonisation are not proven.
Nedavno sprejetje direktive o nepoštenih poslovnih praksah, ki je dejansko edini primer te vrste usklajevanja, ni zagotovilo dovolj časa za razmislek, da bi lahko določili uporabno merilo.
The directive on unfair commercial practices, which is the only example of harmonisation of this type, was adopted too recently to serve as a useful gauge.
Zato poročevalka predlaga sprejetje mešanega pristopa.
Consequently, your rapporteur proposes the adoption of a combined approach.
Horizontalni akt bo temeljil na maksimalnem usklajevanju, medtem ko bodo sektorski instrumenti temeljili na načelu minimalnega usklajevanja, razen direktiv, ki so že bile sprejete na podlagi maksimalnega usklajevanja, kot je direktiva o nepoštenih poslovnih praksah.
The horizontal instrument would be based on maximum harmonisation while the sectoral tools would continue to be based on the principle of minimum harmonisation, with the exception of the directives already adopted on the basis of maximum harmonisation, such as the directive on unfair commercial practices.
Najprej se lahko odločimo za „skromnost“ in se omejimo na vprašanja, glede katerih obstaja resnično soglasje, ker je to v skladu z objektivno potrebo na trgu ali ker med nacionalnimi pravili ni resničnih razlik.
Initially, the ambitions could be modest – limited to subjects on which there is a real consensus, either in response to an objective market need or because there is no real divergence between national rules.
Ta pristop neizogibno povzroča vprašanje glede pravnega sistema, ki se uporablja v sektorju, ki ni popolnoma usklajen.
This approach inevitably raises the question of the rules applicable to the sector which is not fully harmonised.
Zaradi varstva potrošnikov poročevalka predlaga naslednjo rešitev: „brez poseganja v izvajanje mednarodnih konvencij o koliziji zakonov, zlasti konvencije Rim I, je potrošnik upravičen do obveznih določb prava države, kjer ima običajno prebivališče.“
In the interests of consumer protection, your rapporteur proposes the following formula: ‘without prejudice to the application of international agreements on the conflict of laws, and in particular the Rome I convention, the consumer shall benefit from the mandatory provisions of the legislation of their habitual residence’ .
Opredelitev potrošnika in poslovnega subjekta
Definitions of consumer and professional
Poročevalka priporoča, da se v opredelitev „potrošnika“ vključijo le fizične osebe, ki delujejo za namene izven področij svoje trgovske, poslovne ali poklicne dejavnosti.
Your rapporteur recommends including in the definition of ‘consumer’ only natural persons acting for purposes which are outside their trade, business or profession.