natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
H. ker izraz „vzajemen” nosi poudarek na socialnem gibanju in skupnem delovanju skupine, izraz „zavarovanje” pa temelji na 1) predhodnem plačilu prispevkov, preden se pojavi tveganje, 2) delitvi tveganj in 3) pojmu poroštva; ker je pojem vzajemnost po platformi iz Abidžana mogoče opredeliti kot neodvisno neprofitno združenje, ki temelji na solidarnosti in demokratični udeležbi, predvsem preko prispevkov njegovih članov, in katerega cilj je, istočasno s politiko zavarovanja in medsebojne pomoči, izboljšanje dostopa članov in njihovih družin do kakovostnih zdravstvenih storitev,
H. whereas the term ‘mutual’ emphasises the social dynamic and joint initiative of a group of members, while the concept of ‘insurance’ implies (1) payment of contributions in advance, i.e. before risks materialise, (2) risk sharing and (3) a guarantee; and mutual organisations may be defined, in accordance with the 1998 Abidjan Platform, as independent, non-profit organisations based on solidarity and democratic participation, whose aim, mainly through their members’ contributions, is to improve access to quality health care for members and their families in the form of providence and mutual aid,
I. ker prebivalci zaradi socialnih in humanitarnih razmer, v katerih živijo, vedno ne razumejo pojma zavarovanja in posledično koristnosti prispevkov za zavarovanje za bolezni, ki se morda ne bodo pojavile, še zlasti ker raznovrstne nevladne organizacije istočasno nudijo brezplačno zdravstveno nego in zdravila,
I. whereas people living in certain social and humanitarian circumstances do not always appreciate the concept of providence and do not therefore see the point of contributing to insurance against health risks that may not materialise – particularly so where a whole range of NGOs can offer parallel provision of health care and medicines free of charge,
J. ker je bila diaspora iz podsaharske Afrike v različnih državah gostiteljicah ozaveščena o uporabnosti in koristnosti vzajemnih zdravstvenih zavarovalnic, ki so v državah gostiteljicah zelo razvite, in ker diaspora pogosto vzdržuje posebne odnose z matičnimi državami,
J. whereas members of the diaspora from sub-Saharan Africa have become aware, in various host countries where mutual health organisations are well developed, that such schemes are useful and beneficial; and whereas many members of the diaspora remain in close contact with their countries of origin,
K. ker v Afriki ni mogoče imeti enotnega zdravstvenega sistema kot v Evropi, kjer obstajajo razlike med splošnimi sistemi socialne varnosti na eni strani in sistemi obveznega socialnega zavarovanja na drugi strani,
K. whereas there is no ‘one size fits all’ health care system applicable to Africa, as is the case in Europe, where differences exist between universal social security systems on the one hand, and compulsory social insurance systems on the other,
10. poudarja, da morajo zasebne organizacije, ki prejemajo evropska sredstva, na področju reproduktivnega zdravja nuditi storitve ob spoštovanju temeljnih pravic, dostojanstva in osebne svobode;
Emphasises that, in the area of reproductive health, private organisations receiving EU funding must provide health care services in accordance with fundamental rights and the principles of human dignity and personal freedom;
20. poudarja, da je v državah v razvoju še vedno razširjena pogubna bolezen, kot je rak pri otrocih, in poziva Komisijo, naj spodbuja kampanje obveščanja, ki bodo promovirale zgodnje diagnosticiranje in učinkovito zdravljenje;
Emphasises the steady increase in the incidence, in developing countries, of the devastating disease of cancer in children and calls on the Commission to encourage information campaigns promoting early diagnosis and effective treatment;
26. opozarja, da lahko le horizontalen pristop v smislu osnovnih zdravstvenih storitev s sodelovanjem javnih oblasti, a tudi številnih drugih udeležencev, dokončno privede do trajnega izboljšanja življenjskih in zdravstvenih razmer prebivalstva;
Points out that a horizontal approach to basic health systems, with the participation of the public authorities, but also numerous other actors, is the only way of producing a long-term and sustainable improvement in the living and health conditions of populations;
31. meni, da lahko sistem zdravstvenega zavarovanja prispeva k finančni utrditvi zdravstvenega sistema in da je treba vsa prizadevanja usmeriti v njegovo učinkovito strukturo na lokalni ravni;
Believes that the introduction of a health insurance scheme can help to place a health system on a sound financial footing and that every effort should be made to structure such schemes effectively at local level;
41. ugotavlja, da različne države, kot so Burundi, Burkina Faso, Zelenortski otoki, Senegal, Benin, Ruanda, Tanzanija, Gana, Nigerija, Gvineja ali Kamerun izvajajo sisteme, ki se včasih zelo razlikujejo, a so uspešni;
Notes that various countries such as Burundi, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Senegal, Benin, Rwanda, Tanzania, Ghana, Nigeria, Guinea and Cameroon are introducing systems which sometimes differ widely, but which are bearing fruit;
46. zahteva, da Komisija nadaljuje poudarek v svojih programih na konkretnih projektih, usmerjenih v socialno-ekonomske dejavnike zdravja – pitna voda, cestna infrastruktura, varnost hrane, dostojni življenjski in delovni pogoji, zaščita okolja, boj proti podnebnim spremembam;
Calls for the Commission's programmes to continue to place emphasis on specific projects targeting socio-economic health determinants in the form of drinking water, road infrastructure, food security, decent living and working conditions, protection of the environment, and measures to combat climate change;
49. zahteva, da Komisija uvede pregledne zdravstvene kazalnike financiranja za različne države: stroški bolezni v smislu oskrbe in nezmožnosti za delo, stopnja smrtnosti otrok in mater, število prebivalstva, raven dohodkov v državi itd.;
Calls on the Commission to provide transparent financial health indicators for the different countries, including the cost of disease in terms of treatment and incapacity for work, child and maternal mortality rates, population size, income levels, etc.;
55. poziva Komisijo, naj podpre uvedbo zdravstvenih izkaznic v partnerskih državah Evropske unije in naj glede na potrebe na regionalni ravni skupaj s temi državami vzpostavi ravnotežje med potrebami in sredstvi na tem področju;
Asks the Commission to support the introduction of health cards in the EU’s partner countries and to work with the countries concerned – at regional level if necessary – to ensure that resources are available to meet the needs in this field;
58. poziva države članice EU, naj v okviru različnih strokovnih področij vladam držav v razvoju nudijo večjo tehnično in finančno pomoč pri izvajanju in širitvi sistemov socialnega varstva;
Calls on EU Member States, according to their varying areas of expertise, to provide more technical and financial support to developing country governments for the implementation and extension of social protection systems;
61. poziva EU, naj dejavno podpira razvoj trajne osnovne zdravstvene infrastrukture – bolnice, dispanzerji in lekarne, usposabljanje zdravstvenih delavcev in dostop do zdravil;
Calls on the EU actively to support the development of permanent basic health infrastructure – hospitals, dispensaries and pharmacies – as well as the training of qualified health workers and access to medicines;
63. zahteva, da Svet izvaja pritisk na države članice, da bodo spoštovale svoje finančne zaveze v zvezi s pomočjo razvojnemu sodelovanju; še zlasti obžaluje dejstvo, da nekatere države članice mednarodnemu sodelovanju ne namenjajo 0,56 % BDP.
Calls on the Council to put pressure on the Member States to honour their financial commitments in the area of cooperation assistance; deplores, in particular, the failure of certain governments to allocate 0.56 % of their GDP to international cooperation;
65. zahteva, da Komisija spoštuje opombe in priporočila, ki jih je nanjo naslovilo Evropsko računsko sodišče (dokument 10/2008) v zvezi s pomočjo za razvoj, ki jo Komisija nudi zdravstvenim službam v podsaharski Afriki v okviru svojih zavez za dosego ciljev tisočletja, ki jih je treba nujno uresničiti do leta 2015;
Calls on the Commission to comply with the remarks and recommendations addressed to it by the Court of Auditors (Report 10/2008) with regard to the development aid it provides for health services in sub-Saharan Africa as part of its commitments aimed at achieving the Millennium Goals, which must under all circumstances be attained by 2015;
Težave v zdravstvu v podsaharski Afriki so preizkušnja za model solidarnosti med severom in jugom.
The health problems existing in sub-Saharan Africa are a severe test of the solidarity between North and South.
Dejstvo, da je razlika med pričakovano življenjsko dobo Afričana in Evropejca lahko trideset ali štirideset let, nas na to lahko le opomni.
The fact that the life expectancy of an African or a European can differ by 30 or 40 years can only be seen as striking.
Ta razlika je odraz težav celotne celine, ki je še vedno zaznamovana s kolonialno preteklostjo, s katero je treba danes prekiniti.
This disparity reflects the problems faced by an entire continent still marked by its colonial past when it comes to making progress today.
Slabo upravljanje nekaterih držav, dramatične posledice finančne krize, podnebne spremembe, naravne nesreče, skrajna revščina, vojne, davčne oaze, ki izčrpavajo Afriko, skrajni kapitalizem multinacionalk, etnični konflikti, pohlep, ki ga zbujajo izredni naravni viri, velike epidemije, kot je AIDS: vsi ti dejavniki skupaj in povezani med seboj ustvarjajo zapleten položaj.
Bad governance in some countries, the drastic effects of the financial crisis, climate change, natural disasters, extreme poverty, wars, tax havens draining the continent’s resources, the ultra capitalism practised by the big multinationals, ethnic conflicts, the greed inspired by extraordinary natural resources, the major epidemics such as aids - all these factors combine and interact to create a complex situation.
Pomoč za izredne primere NVO, ki jih financirata EU in celotna mednarodna skupnost, je zelo razdrobljen odgovor na zapletene razmere.
The emergency aid provided by NGOs funded by the EU and the international community as a whole is a very piecemeal response to this complex situation.
Omogoča najnujnejšo pomoč in brezplačno zdravljenje najrevnejšim.
It makes it possible to deal with the most urgent cases and provide free care for those most in need.
Vendar nimajo vsi te sreče in ta vrsta pomoči ne utemeljuje trajnostnega modela za prihodnost.
Yet not everyone is lucky enough to benefit from such aid, which does not offer a sustainable model for the future.
Nasprotno, v nekaterih regijah je paradoksalno ovira temu, da bi država ali dopolnilne oziroma alternativne strukture, ki delujejo na osnovi solidarnosti, prevzele zdravstvo.
On the contrary, in some regions it acts, paradoxically, as a brake preventing responsibility for health care being assumed by the state, by complementary structures or even other alternatives operating on the basis of solidarity.
Zdravstveni kazalniki v Afriki so tako zaskrbljujoči, da bi privatizacija zdravstva lahko le še povečala očitne neenakosti.
Health indicators in Africa are so alarming that health care privatisation can only increase these blatant disparities.
Zato to poročilo poziva k trajnostnim zdravstvenim sistemom, čeprav je po mnenju Svetovne banke malo verjetno, da bi države v razvoju lahko kmalu financirale na podlagi proračunskih prihodkov svoje lastne državne sisteme.
That is why this report calls for sustainable health systems, even if it is unlikely, according to the World Bank, that developing countries will be able in the near future to finance their own national systems from their tax revenue.
Nepridobitni sistemi, financirani v mešani obliki, z državnimi sredstvi, mednarodno solidarnostjo in udeležbo državljanov, so najboljši odgovor na izjemen izziv zdravstva v podsaharski Afriki.
Non-profit-making systems with mixed financing from state resources, international support and public participation are the best way to meet the immense challenge posed by health care in sub-Saharan Africa.
Leta 2006 je mednarodna pomoč krila 0,25 do 0,5 % zdravstvenih proračunov v tej svetovni regiji.
In 2006, international aid covered 0.25 to 0.5 % of health budgets in this region.
Vendar kljub tej stopnji pomoči je težava še vedno ogromna.
Yet, even with this level of aid, the problem remains vast.
Najprej, ker finančna kriza, ki se širi v svetu, ne spodbuja evropskih držav, da bi izpolnile svoje obljube, to pomeni najmanj 0,7 % BND, namenjenega za razvojno sodelovanje v letu 2010.
First of all, because the global financial crisis does not encourage European countries to keep their promises, in other words to give at least 0.7 % of GDP in development assistance by 2010.
Ne da bi podcenjevali pomen slednjega, ta razlika pove marsikaj.
While the importance of this latter sector should not be underestimated, this disparity tells its own story.
Drugič zato, ker se še vedno pojavlja težava glede usmeritve financiranja.
Finally, because the problem still remains of how funding is to be targeted.
V zadnjih letih je narasla moč tako imenovanih vertikalnih zdravstvenih skladov, usmerjenih v specifične patologije – AIDS, tuberkuloza, malarija, otroška paraliza itd., prek katerih so se zbirale mednarodna pomoč in zasebne pobude.
Recent decades have seen a growing prevalence of so called ‘vertical’ funds targeting specific diseases - AIDS, Tuberculosis, Malaria, Poliomyelitis, etc. siphoning resources away from international aid and private initiatives.
Dosežki na področju raziskovanja, cepljenja in preprečevanja so bili pomembni, toda ugotovljeni negativni učinek je bilo zmanjšanje pomoči temeljnim zdravstvenim sistemom, ki se imenujejo tudi horizontalni.
The result in terms of research, vaccination and prevention has been remarkable, yet it has had the perverse effect of weakening aid for basic ‘horizontal’ health care systems.
Horizontalni sistemi zadevajo zdravje na splošno: dostop do oskrbe in zdravil za vse prebivalstvo brez diskriminacije, zmanjšanje smrtnosti otrok in mater, banalne, a smrtne bolezni, kot je griža, ki so pogosto posledica revščine, pomanjkanje higiene, pomanjkanje pitne vode itd.
These horizontal systems relate to general health: access to treatment and medicines for the entire population without discrimination, the challenges posed by child and maternal mortality, commonplace yet fatal diseases such as dysentery, often caused by poverty, lack of hygiene, absence of drinking water, etc.
Raznolikost zdravstvenih sistemov, ki obstajajo ali se jih poskuša vzpostaviti v Afriki, se lahko analizira v neskončnost.
The variety of health systems existing - or striving to exist - in Africa can be endlessly analysed.
Ta zelo preprost izraz zajema temeljno infrastrukturo, zdravstvene akterje, zagotovljeno pomoč, zdravila in farmacevtske družbe, ki jih prodajajo, mednarodno skupnost, NVO, cerkve, včasih sekte... in preproste državljane, bolne ali zdrave.
This very general term includes basic infrastructure, health actors, care provision, drugs and the pharmaceutical companies which sell them, the international community, NGOs, churches, sometimes sects ... and ordinary citizens, whether sick or healthy.
Donatorju se mogoče zdi bolj gotovo in preprosteje financirati jasne cilje in to je eden od razlogov za privlačnost vertikalnih skladov.
As a donor, it may seem safer and simpler to finance clear targets and this is one of the reasons that vertical funds have proved attractive.
Vendar kritike vedno bolj številnih zdravstvenih strokovnjakov, ki jih skrbi slabo uravnoteženo financiranje med vertikalnimi in horizontalnimi sistemi, so na poti do rešitve: nekateri vertikalni skladi so zdaj izbrali tako imenovano "diagonalno" politiko.
However, the growing criticism from health experts concerned at the financial imbalance between vertical and horizontal systems is leading to a solution whereby some vertical funds now opt for what is known as a diagonal policy.
Del svojih finančnih sredstev namenijo za podporo osnovnim zdravstvenim sistemom.
They devote part of their funding to supporting basic health systems.
Vendar šibkost sistemov osnovnega zdravstva vodi do drugih izrojenih učinkov.
Yet the weakness of basic health systems leads to other perverse effects.
Vendar je pri delnem financiranju zdravstvenih sistemov prisotna zelo zanimiva komponenta: udeležba civilne družbe in dejstvo, da državljani prevzamejo zdravstvo v izvirnih in solidarnostnih oblikah.
However, one aspect of this partial funding of health systems is of great interest, namely the participation of civil society and the assuming of responsibility for health by citizens in original forms based on solidarity.
Od devetdesetih let naprej smo v Afriki priča nastanku in postopnemu utrjevanju zelo različnih struktur vzajemnega zavarovanja: organizacije skupnosti, podeželske, mladinske organizacije, organizacije žensk, sindikalne organizacije, organizacije za vzajemno zavarovanje.
Since the 1990s, Africa has seen the emergence and gradual growth of a wide variety of mutual health structures, including community organisations, or organisations of farmers, young people and women with trade union- or mutual- style structures
Vzajemne zdravstvene zavarovalnice, nosilke družbenih sprememb), Politique , HS13, november 2009, 27–29.
Les mutuelles de santé, actrices de changement social, Politique, HS13, November 2009, pp. 27-29. .
Mikro zavarovanje združuje vrsto finančnih mehanizmov za zdravstvene storitve, med katerimi so vzajemne zdravstvene zavarovalnice, sistemi predplačil, solidarnostne blagajne, sklop kredit/zdravstvo. je vzbudilo naraščajoče zanimanje in nastala so prizadevanja za vzpostavitev vzajemnega zavarovanja, ki so jih spodbujale ali pa tudi ne vlade na oblasti.
Micro-insurance brings together a number of health care funding mechanisms including mutual health organisations, pre-payment systems, solidarity funds, credit/health combinations. has aroused growing interest and efforts to develop mutual structures, in some cases encouraged by governments, have started to develop.
Takšna prizadevanja za vzpostavitev vzajemnega zavarovanja zahtevajo participativno upravljanje, ker sta posluh za potrebe prebivalstva in njihovo vrednotenje bistvo procesa.
These efforts call for participatory governance, since listening to and assessing the needs of the people are at the heart of the process.
Vidiki sever–jug), Politique, HS 13, november 2009, str.
Politique , HS 13, November 2009, pp. 25-26.
Pobude prihajajo tako iz javnega kot zasebnega sektorja: cerkve, nereligiozne filozofske in politične mreže in nekatera združenja delujejo v tej smeri.
We have seen both public and private initiatives, with churches, non-denominational philosophical and political networks, and other associations entering the fray.
Vendar so ovire številne:
There are, however, many obstacles:
- Da bi lahko financirali zdravstveno zavarovanje in to želeli to storiti, morajo prebivalci imeti na voljo minimalna sredstva.
- to be able and willing to pay for health insurance, populations need to have a modicum of resources.
Najrevnejši se ne morejo vključiti v sistem.
The poorest cannot afford it;
- Potrebno je, da imajo osebe v svojem okolju na voljo infrastrukturo in zdravstveno osebje: čemu koristi vključitev v zavarovanje, če ni na voljo zdravnika, dispanzerja, bolnišnice, lekarne?
- the necessary infrastructures and medical practitioners must be available.
Infrastruktura za osnovne zdravstvene storitve je predpogoj za vsak sistem vzajemnega zavarovanja.
There is no point taking out insurance if there is no doctor, no dispensary, no hospital, no pharmacy Basic health infrastructures are a precondition for any mutual health system.
V urbanih naseljih, še bolj pa na podeželju, prebivalci, ki nimajo sredstev, da bi se zdravili v zdravstvenih centrih, pokličejo zdravilca ali si priskrbijo zdravilo na trgih ali pri potujočih prodajalcih zdravil.
In urban areas, and even more so in rural ones, those who cannot afford to attend health centres turn to traditional healers and buy medicines from markets or from itinerant drug sellers.
Vendar tudi v primeru, ko infrastruktura obstaja, je delež oseb, ki obiščejo zdravstvene centre, zelo nizek: O,24 letno v Maliju, O,34 v Burkini Faso in O,3O v Béninu.
Yet even where such infrastructures exist, health centre attendance rates are very low (O.24 per year in Mali ,O.34 in Burkina Faso and O.3O in Benin);
- Potrebna je tudi politična stabilnost: konflikti, zloraba oblasti in vojne zahtevajo alternativen model in specifično infrastrukturo.
- political stability is also required, since alternative models and specific infrastructures are needed in times of conflicts, violence and war;
- Končno je treba najti oblike zavarovanja in vzajemnega zavarovanja, ki spoštujejo afriške razmere in vrednote in ne poskušati prenesti v Afriko zahodnega modela.
- finally, types of insurance and mutual systems must be found which are tailored to local African conditions and values and do not attempt to transpose a western model to the continent.
Različne afriške države so začele obetavne pobude s pomočjo mednarodne skupnosti.
Various African countries have launched promising initiatives with the help of the international community.
Tako so se Burkina Faso, Senegal, Burundi, Demokratična republika Kongo in Zelenortski otoki vključili v program, ki ga podpira NVO.
For example, Burkina Faso, Senegal, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Cape Verde have embarked on a programme supported by an NGO.
Ambiciozni program se imenuje "Pravica do zdravja".
This ambitious programme is entitled ‘The Right to Health’.
Prednost daje pristopu skupnosti in v navedenih državah zajema 153 organizacij skupnosti.
It gives priority to a community-based approach and involves 153 community organisations in the countries concerned.
Poleg tega je združen z drugimi programi "Dostojno delo, dostojanstveno življenje", "Varnost in suverenost na področju hrane" – zdravje dejansko ne more biti ločeno od izkoreninjenja revščine, boja proti lakoti in družbenim neenakostim.
It also works in combination with other programmes, such as ‘Decent Work, Decent Life’ and ‘Food Security and Sovereignty’, since health cannot be divorced from the need to eradicate poverty, and combat hunger and social inequalities.
Njegova glavna zamisel je delo v mrežah, kjer se različne vzajemne zavarovalnice podpirajo in krepijo na lokalni, nacionalni in mednarodni ravni.
Its key idea is a system of networking where various mutual organisations support and sustain each other at local, national and international level.
Mreže lahko ne le delujejo učinkoviteje vsaka na svoji ravni, ampak tudi vplivajo na politike socialne varnosti in javnega zdravja v državah, kjer izvajajo svoje dejavnosti.
In this way, not only are they able to act more effectively at their respective levels, but they can also influence social security and health policies in the countries where they operate.
V Burkini Faso je vlada začela raziskovati projekt splošnega zdravstvenega zavarovanja.
In Burkina Faso, the government has studied a project for universal sickness insurance.
V Burundiju se lahko projekt vzajemnega zavarovanja opre na sistem, močno strukturiran od temeljev do vrha.
In Burundi, the plans to develop mutual structures are backed up by a highly-structured system from bottom to top.
V tej državi državna konfederacija pridelovalcev kave združuje več kot 100.000 proizvajalcev; cilj je ustanoviti 25 vzajemnih zdravstvenih zavarovalnic, jih oblikovati v pet zvez z eno državno federacijo.
The country’s National Confederation of Coffee-Growers brings together more than 100 000 producers and the goal is to establish 25 mutual health organisations, divided into 5 unions with a national federation.