natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
H. ker se je tržni delež posameznih velikih proizvajalcev v zadnjih letih povečal,
H. whereas the market share of various large manufacturers has increased in recent years,
I. ker se je v zadnjih letih konkurenčna struktura živilske preskrbovalne verige znatno spremenila, stopnja koncentracije proizvajalcev živil ter trgovcev na debelo in drobno pa povečala,
I. whereas in recent years there have been significant changes in the competitive structure of the food supply chain and increases in the degree of concentration among both food producers and wholesalers and retailers,
J. ker znaki od vsepovsod v EU kažejo na to, da veliki trgovski centri uporabljajo svojo kupno moč za zbijanje cen, ki jih plačujejo dobaviteljem, do nevzdržnih ravni in jim vsiljujejo nepoštene pogoje, ker veliki trgovci na drobno po vsej Evropi hitro postajajo nekakšni vratarji, saj nadzorujejo dostop kmetov in drugih dobaviteljev do potrošnikov EU,
J. whereas evidence from across the EU suggests that big supermarkets use their buying power to force down prices paid to suppliers to unsustainable levels and impose unfair conditions upon them; whereas large retailers across Europe are fast-becoming ‘gatekeepers’, controlling farmers’ and other suppliers’ access to EU consumers,
K. ker so cene življenjskih potrebščin v povprečju petkrat višje od odkupnih cen kmetijskih proizvodov, ker so evropski kmetje pred 50 leti prejemali približno polovico maloprodajne cene hrane, ta delež pa je – z roko v roki z znatno višjo stopnjo predelave živil - od takrat močno padel,
K. whereas consumer prices in Europe are on average up to five times the farm gate price; whereas farmers in Europe received approximately half of the retail price of food fifty years ago and today that proportion - in conjunction with a marked rise in the degree to which food is processed - has dropped dramatically,
L. ker je kljub temu, da je financiranje skupne kmetijske politike v teku let prispevalo k zagotavljanju nižjih cen za potrošnike, mogoče opaziti, da so cene za potrošnike kljub upadu cen v kmetijskem sektorju še vedno visoke oziroma niso padle,
L. whereas, although the funding of the CAP has contributed over the years to securing low consumer prices, it is noticeable that consumer prices remain high or are not decreasing despite the fall in prices in the agricultural sector,
M. ker je visoka stopnja samooskrbe za Evropo strateško smiseln položaj in ker si je treba v tem smislu prizadevati za močan položaj evropskih primarnih proizvajalcev kot nosilcev naše oskrbe s hrano,
M. whereas a high degree of European self-sufficiency is strategically desirable; whereas in this framework efforts must be made to achieve a strong position for European primary producers as our food suppliers,
N. ker je neravnovesje pogajalske moči med kmetijskimi proizvajalci in preostalo preskrbovalno verigo privedlo do ohranjanja močnega pritiska na marže proizvajalcev v kmetijskem sektorju,
N. whereas the imbalance in bargaining power between agricultural producers and the rest of the supply chain has resulted in strong pressure being maintained on producer margins in the agricultural sector,
2. meni, da če konkurenca zagotavlja potrošnikom hrano po konkurenčnih cenah, potem mora zagotavljati tudi kmetom stalni dohodek na podlagi cen, ki krijejo proizvodne stroške, in primerno plačilo za njihovo delo, da se zagotovi varnost preskrbe s kakovostno hrano;
Believes that while competition provides consumers with food at competitive prices, farmers must be provided with a stable income by prices which cover their production costs and fair remuneration for their work, not least to ensure a secure supply of good-quality food;
5. pritrjuje Komisiji, da dogajanja v zvezi s ponudbo in povpraševanjem kot tudi pomanjkljivosti v delovanju živilske preskrbovalne verige znatno prispevajo k naraščanju cen živil; vendar poudarja, da je tudi špekuliranje na finančnih trgih znatno prispevalo k izkrivljanju mehanizma oblikovanja cen;
Agrees with the Commission that trends in supply and demand and operational shortcomings in the food supply chain have played a significant role in increasing food prices; stresses, however, that a significant role has also been played by speculation on the financial markets, which has created distortions in the price formation mechanism;
8. meni, da so za stabiliziranje kmetijskega sektorja in trga kmetijskih živil in za ohranjanje trajnostne evropske kmetijske proizvodnje s primernimi cenami nujni instrumenti upravljanja trga v okviru skupne kmetijske politike, da se prepreči „pregrevanje“ pri končnih cenah in proizvodnih dejavnikih;
Believes that, within the framework of the CAP, market management measures are called for to provide stability for the agricultural sector and the agri-food market, and to maintain sustainable European agricultural production at reasonable prices, avoiding a ‘see-saw’ effect on both sale prices and production factors;
10. meni, da je treba spodbujati krepitev konkurenčnosti ter inovacijske moči primarnega kmetijskega sektorja, saj to primarnim proizvajalcem ponuja več možnosti za diverzifikacijo pri njihovem upravljanju ter zmanjšuje odvisnost od drugih delov proizvodne in distribucijske verige;
Considers that strengthening the competitiveness and innovation capacity of the primary agricultural sector must be encouraged, as this would lead to greater diversification possibilities for primary producers in managing their holdings and dependency on other players in the production and distribution chain would decrease;
Pomanjkljivosti na trgu hrane
Food market imperfections
14. meni, da cene, nižje od stroškov, ki že same po sebi za nobeno podjetje niso donosne, lahko za kratko obdobje vzdržijo samo velika (diferencirana) podjetja in to samo za iztiskanje konkurentov s trga; meni, da takšna praksa dolgoročno ne koristi niti potrošniku niti trgu;
Believes that pricing below cost, while not viable in itself for any enterprise, can only be applied by big (diversified) enterprises for a short period of time and only to drive their competitors out of the market; considers that, in the long term, such a practice benefits neither consumers nor the market as a whole;
18. opozarja, da lahko trgovci na drobno izkoriščajo oznake, kakršna je „fair trade“ (pravična trgovina), za povečevanje svojega dobička; za omejitev te poslovne prakse ter nadziranje uporabe takšnih navedb zato poziva k strategiji za podporo in razvoj pravične trgovine na evropski ravni;
Draws attention to the fact that it is possible for retailers to take advantage of labels such as "fair trade " in order to increase profit margins ; with a view to curbing such practises and controlling the use of these labels, therefore, calls for a strategy to support and develop fair trade Europe-wide;
23. meni, da se Komisija trenutno omejuje na enostransko razlaganje razpoložljivih podatkov, saj ne upošteva možnih učinkov špekulativnih investicij v terminske trge, kot so med drugim:
Considers that the Commission is restricted at present to a partial reading of the available data since it does not take account of the possible impact of speculative investment in futures, such as:
– povišanje cen za končne kupce (proizvajalce in potrošnike), ki je posledica ustvarjanja napačnih pričakovanj v zvezi z razvojem cen,
– the increase in price for end buyers (producers and consumers) resulting from the creation of false expectations of price trends,
– nastajanje ovir in dodatnih negotovosti za novoustanovljena in mala proizvodna podjetja, ki se opirajo na kmetijske proizvode, kar vodi v možno oblikovanje ovir za vstop na trg in za postopek krepitve konkurence na določenih trgih;
– the creation of disincentives and additional uncertainty for early-stage and small producer enterprises reliant on agricultural products, resulting, possibly, in the creation of obstacles to market entry and impediments to the process of strengthening competition on certain markets,
– nepravična (socialne in geografske) prerazdelitev presežka iz prodaje kmetijskih proizvodov v breme kmetov/proizvajalcev oz. v korist posrednikov in špekulantov;
– the inequitable (social and geographical) redistribution of the surplus from the sale of agricultural products to the detriment of farmers/producers and to the benefit of middlemen and speculators;
Vloga Evropske unije
European Union role
Odziv na neravnovesje na trgu
Reacting to market imbalances
31. poziva Komisijo, naj določi pravni okvir Skupnosti, ki med drugim obsega temeljito preoblikovanje direktive 2000/35/ES in spodbuja uravnotežene odnose med različnimi akterji živilske verige, preprečuje zlorabljajoče prakse ter spodbuja pravičnejšo razdelitev trgovinskih marž;
Calls on the Commission to establish a Community legal framework which will include, amongst other measures, the in-depth revision of Directive 2000/35/EC and will encourage balanced relations between the various agents in the food chain, by preventing all abusive practices and encouraging a fairer distribution of profit margins;
35. poziva upravne organe držav članic in Komisijo, naj izvedejo podrobno raziskavo in analizo prenosa cen in dobičkov, ki nastanejo med odkupno ceno kmetijskega proizvoda in končno ceno za potrošnika, ter analizo položaja in števila supermarketov, njihovega prometa ter specifičnih logističnih in energijskih stroškov; poziva organe držav članic in Komisijo, naj preverijo, ali so merila za določitev prevladujočega položaja na trgu še vedno primerna glede na dogajanja na maloprodajnem trgu; poziva k ponovni vzpostavitvi delovne skupine za živilsko preskrbovalno verigo pri Komisiji, ki bo sodelovala z nacionalnimi organi za varstvo konkurence;
Calls on Member State authorities and the Commission to provide detailed research and analysis into price transmission and the margins applying between the farm gate and the final consumer price, together with an analysis of the location and number of supermarkets, their turnover, and also their specific costs in terms of logistics and energy expenditure; calls on Member State authorities and the Commission to examine whether the criteria for establishing a dominant position in a market are still adequate considering the developments in the retail market; calls for the reinstatement of a Commission task force on the food supply chain, working together with national competition authorities;
39. poziva, da je treba v okviru lizbonske strategije podpirati nacionalne načrte za zmanjševanje in odpravo neupravičenih regulativnih posegov v maloprodajo, ki omejujejo konkurenco ter nemoteno delovanje živilske preskrbovalne verige v škodo potrošnikov;
Calls, within the framework of the Lisbon Strategy, for support to be given to national schemes aimed at reducing or withdrawing unjustified regulatory interventions in the retail sector which would restrict competition and the smooth operation of the food supply chain at consumers' expense;
45. poziva k uvedbi mehanizmov za boj proti špekuliranju na finančnih trgih s kmetijskimi proizvodi in finančnimi instrumenti, ki temeljijo na teh proizvodih; podpira namen Komisije, da bo preučila, s katerimi ukrepi bi bilo mogoče prispevati k zmanjšanju nestanovitnosti cen na trgih kmetijskih proizvodov;
Calls for the introduction of mechanisms to combat speculation in the financial markets with agricultural commodities and financial instruments based on those commodities; supports the Commission's intention to examine what measures could be taken to contribute to a reduction in price volatility in agricultural commodity markets;
52. je zaskrbljen zaradi vpliva posrednikov na končno ceno za potrošnika; poziva Komisijo, naj izvede analizo preskrbovalne verige, da bi bolje razumeli vlogo posameznih akterjev v verigi pri oblikovanju cen;
Is concerned about the influence of intermediaries in the final consumer price; calls on the Commission to launch an analysis of the supply chain in order to gain a better understanding of the role of each operator involved in the price formation chain;
Približevanje proizvajalca potrošniku
Bringing the producer closer to the consumer
54. od Komisije zahteva, naj sprejme ukrepe za poenostavitev povezovanja in sodelovanja med organizacijami proizvajalcev, kot so zadruge, in s tem prepreči upravno breme ter druge omejitve, da se lahko organizacije proizvajalcev kot večje enote prilagodijo dobavnim pogojem, ki jih zahteva globaliziran trg;
Calls on the Commission to take action to facilitate mergers and cooperation between producers’ organisations such as cooperatives, thus avoiding bureaucratic burdens and other restrictions, with a view to increasing the size of producers’ organisations so that they can adapt to the supply conditions demanded by the globalised market;
59. meni, da je treba splošno spodbujati uporabo novih tehnologij in interneta; poudarja, da se lahko z uporabo novih tehnologij zagotovi več informacij o izvoru, ceni in značilnostih različnih vrst proizvodov; meni, da se s tem se lahko bolje zapolnijo tržne niše in potrošniku ponudi širša izbira; podpira uporabo evropskih skladov za razvoj podeželja in varstvo konkurence ter kohezijskega sklada za lajšanje dostopa proizvajalcev do trga z uporabo modernih tehnologij in interneta;
Considers that the use of new technologies and the internet should be widely promoted; stresses that new technologies can be used to provide more information about the place, price and characteristics of the different product varieties; believes that this can better match niche demand and can offer a wider choice to the consumer; is in favour of using European rural development, competitiveness and cohesion funds for facilitating producer access to the market through modern technology and the internet;
61. poziva, naj Evropska unija in države članice bolj podpirajo ekološko kmetovanje; poziva tudi k ambiciozni politiki s finančnimi spodbudami za to vrsto kmetijske proizvodnje, ki bo potrošnikom omogočila, da pridobijo dostop do kakovostnih proizvodov po sprejemljivih cenah;
Calls for the Union and the Member States to give greater encouragement to the organic sector; calls furthermore for an ambitious policy of financial incentives to encourage this type of agricultural production and enable consumers to obtain high-quality products at reasonable prices;
65. poziva k okrepitvi in racionalizaciji politik Evropske unije za zaščito označb porekla in geografskih označb ter drugih oblik certificiranja, ki diferencirajo kmetijske proizvode; v zvezi s tem pozdravlja razpravo, ki jo je sprožila objava zelene knjige o kakovosti kmetijskih proizvodov 15. oktobra 2008;
Calls for a reinforcement and streamlining of European Union policies for the protection of origin and geographical indications and other certifications, which differentiate among agricultural products; welcomes in this regard the debate launched by the release on October 15th of the Green Paper on Agricultural Product Quality;
Problematika vrzeli med proizvodnimi in maloprodajnimi cenami je dosegla točko, ko se pričakuje takojšnje ukrepanje evropskih institucij.
The issue of the gap between producer and consumer prices has come to a point where immediate action from European institutions is expected.
V sedanji krizi v preskrbi s hrano so bile po vsej Evropi ugotovljene bistvene cenovne razlike, ne le v absolutnem smislu, temveč tudi med proizvodnimi in maloprodajnimi cenami, pri čemer obstajajo velike medsektorske razlike.
With the ongoing food security crisis considerable price differences have been identified across Europe, not only in absolute terms, but also with regards to the difference between consumer and producer prices, with significant variations noticed among sectors.
Evropo in svet je nedavno doletel velik porast cen kmetijskih in živilskih proizvodov, kar ima negotov vpliv na kmetijski sektor, saj nekaterim rast cen prinaša korist, drugi – predvsem v predelavi hrane – pa se soočajo z veliko večjimi stroški.
Europe and the world have recently experienced a significant price surge in agricultural and food products, with ambiguous effects on the agricultural sector, with some gaining from the rise in prices and others - mostly on the food processing side - incurring much greater costs.
Kriza negativno vpliva na potrošnike, zlasti zaradi splošne rasti inflacije pri cenah živil v mnogih državah članicah EU.
The crisis has had a negative impact on the consumers, with an overall increase in food price inflation across many member states of the EU.
To je najbolj prizadelo gospodinjstva z nizkimi dohodki, v katerih se največji del dohodka porabi za hrano, ter mnoga mala in srednja podjetja za predelavo hrane.
This has impacted most heavily on low-income households, where food represents the main destination of expenses, but also many small and medium sized food processing enterprises have been deeply affected.
Po vsej Evropi je bilo ugotovljeno, da se širi razkorak med proizvodnimi in maloprodajnimi cenami, delno zaradi številnih strukturnih dejavnikov, v največji meri pa zaradi pomanjkljivosti na trgu hrane.
Partly due to a series of structural factors and largely on account of imperfections in the food market, a widening gap between producer and consumer prices has been registered all across Europe.
Poročevalka ugotavlja, da so med dejavniki, ki vplivajo na mehanizem prenosa cen in vrzel med proizvodnimi in maloprodajnimi cenami, tržno vedenje trgovcev na drobno, večja udeležba posrednikov, špekuliranje pri trgovanju z živili, vedno večji delež nekmetijskih stroškov (na primer energije in dela), nacionalni zakonodajni in ureditveni okvirji, poleg teh pa tudi dejavniki, na katere ni mogoče vplivati s političnimi instrumenti, kot so pokvarljivost proizvodov, način ravnanja s proizvodi, shranjevanje in predelava ali nakupovalne želje potrošnikov.
Among the factors that influence the price transmission mechanism and the gap between producer and consumer process the rapporteur has identified marketing behaviour of retailers, increased involvement of intermediaries, speculation with food as a commodity, the increasing share of non-agricultural costs (principally energy and labour), national legislative and regulatory frameworks but also factors that are beyond the reach of policy instruments, such as the perishable nature of the product, the degree of product handling, storage and processing or consumer purchasing preferences.
Poročevalka je pri preučevanju zadeve ugotovila, da se kot konstanten dejavnik pojavlja koncentracija trženja in distribucije hrane.
One constant factor in the rapporteur's investigation of the matter has been the degree of concentration of food marketing and distribution.
Številne študije kažejo, da je v državah članicah, v katerih je bila ugotovljena najvišja stopnja koncentracije trga, tudi najširši razkorak med proizvodnimi in maloprodajnimi cenami.
Numerous studies show that in those Member States where market concentration has been found highest, there is a wider gap between producer and consumer prices.
V zadnjem desetletju na evropskih trgih s hrano prevladujejo veliki trgovci na drobno.
In the last decade, large retailers have come to dominate the European food markets.
V EU 15, na primer, se je stopnja koncentracije do danes povzpela s povprečja 21,7 % leta 1993 na več kot 70 %.
For instance, across the EU 15, the degree of concentration has grown from an average 21.7% in 1993 to more than 70% at present.
Znaki kažejo na to, da veliki trgovski centri zlorabljajo svojo kupno moč za zbijanje cen, ki jih plačujejo dobaviteljem (tako iz EU kot iz tretjih držav), do nevzdržnih ravni in jim vsiljujejo nepoštene pogoje.
Evidence suggests big supermarkets are abusing their buying power to force down prices paid to suppliers (based both within the EU and overseas) to unsustainable levels and impose unfair conditions upon them.
Veliki trgovci na drobno po vsej Evropi nezadržno postajajo nekakšni vratarji, saj nadzorujejo dostop kmetov in drugih dobaviteljev do potrošnikov EU.
Large retailers across Europe are steadily becoming ‘gatekeepers’, controlling farmers’ and other suppliers’ access to EU consumers.
Hkrati se končna cena za potrošnika v Evropi giblje od ekvivalenta odkupni ceni do petkratnika odkupne cene.
At the same time, the final consumer price in Europe is in the range of one to five times that at the farm gate.
Kmetje v Evropi so pred petdesetimi leti prejemali približno polovico maloprodajne cene hrane.
Farmers in Europe received approximately half of the retail price of food fifty years ago.
Do danes je ta delež močno padel; v Združenem kraljestvu, na primer, znaša povprečno 7 % in v Franciji 18 %.
Today that proportion has dropped to much lower percentages, such as 7% in the UK and 18% in France on average.
Maloprodajna cena kruha je lahko ponekod kar 30-krat višja od odkupne cene, v povprečju pa kmetje prejemajo približno 8 % končne maloprodajne cene.
In the case of bread, the farm-gate retail spread can be as high as 30 times the farm gate price, with farmers receiving in general around 8% of the final retail price.
Kljub temu je treba omeniti, da so nihanja cen na ravni primarnih kmetijskih proizvajalcev pogostejša in z večjimi odmiki kot na ravni potrošnikov, v največji meri zaradi vključevanja številnih dejavnikov proizvodnje v končno maloprodajno ceno, možnosti skladiščenja proizvodov ter tržnih strategij na ravni predelave in maloprodaje, vse to pa končnemu proizvajalcu omogoča večjo prilagodljivost.
Nevertheless, we must note that price fluctuations take place more often and with greater amplitude at the level of the primary agricultural producer than at the consumer level, largely due to the inclusion of many factors of production in the final consumer price, the possibility of storing production and marketing strategies at the processing or retailing levels, which all allow greater flexibility for the final seller.
Poročevalka je ob upoštevanju teh dejavnikov trdno prepričana, da je ohranitev primerne ravni cen in zagotovitev poštene konkurence v evropskem javnem interesu, zlasti kar zadeva strateško pomembno trgovino s kmetijskimi in živilskimi proizvodi.
Bearing in mind all these factors, the rapporteur strongly believes that it is in the European public interest to maintain an adequate level of prices and ensure fair competition, especially with regards to strategic merchandise such as agricultural and food products.
Evropa bi morala potrošnikom zagotoviti hrano po primernih cenah in kmetom stalni dohodek.
Europe should provide consumers with food at reasonable prices and farmers with a stable income.
Hkrati je treba kmetom plačevati primerne cene, da se zagotovi stalna preskrba s hrano dobre kakovosti, proizvedeno v skladu z evropskimi okoljskimi in varnostnimi standardi.
At the same time, reasonable prices need to be paid to farmers to guarantee a constant supply of good quality food, produced under European environmental and safety conditions.
POMANJKLJIVOSTI NA TRGU HRANE
FOOD MARKET IMPERFECTIONS
Poročilo na začetku navaja seznam pomanjkljivosti, ugotovljenih v sektorju trženja in distribucije hrane.
The report sets out by drawing a list of shortcomings identified in the food marketing and distribution sector.
Izhaja iz ugotovitve, da je v državah članicah, v katerih je bila ugotovljena najvišja stopnja koncentracije trga, tudi najširši razkorak med proizvodnimi in maloprodajnimi cenami.
It departs from the recognition of the fact that in those Member States where market concentration has been found highest, there was also a wider gap between producer and consumer prices.
Poročevalka je izpostavila številne uveljavljene tržne prakse, ki izkrivljajo svobodno konkurenco v sektorju hrane in prispevajo k širjenju razkoraka med dohodki trgovcev na drobno in kmetov.
The rapporteur identified a series of common marketing practices that distort free competition in the food sector and contribute to a widening gap between retailers' and farmers' earnings.