natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Zaradi demografskih trendov, tj. obrnjene prebivalstvene piramide, ki jo lahko kmalu pričakujemo, in daljše življenjske dobe, za katero imamo srečo, da jo lahko uživamo, saj starejši ljudje ostanejo zdravi in aktivni ter dlje sodelujejo v družbi, je treba razmisliti o strategiji za novo skladnost in povezanost na področju pokojnin.
Demographic trends, i.e. the inverted population pyramid which we can expect in due course and the longer life expectancy which we have the good fortune to enjoy, in which context older people remain healthy and active and participate in society for longer, make it necessary to consider a strategy for fresh cohesion and coherence in the field of pensions.
Skrajni čas je za pobude, s katerimi bi na novo opredelili prihodnost mladih in starih ter solidarnost med generacijami in ljudmi in tako prispevali k vzdržnim, varnim in ustreznim prihodkom po upokojitvi.
It is high time for initiatives which redefine the future of young and old and solidarity between generations and people, thus contributing to sustainable, secure and adequate income provision after retirement.
Poročevalka se popolnoma zaveda, da obstajajo velike razlike med pokojninskimi sistemi v Evropi in da se nove države članice in njihovi državljani soočajo z dodatnimi težavami, zato ker je tako zaželeno vzpostaviti raznovrsten pokojninski sistem (z več stebri), da se tveganje porazdeli.
The rapporteur fully realises that there are major disparities between pension systems in Europe, and that new Member States and their citizens face extra problems because it is so desirable to establish a diversified pension system (with several pillars), in order to spread risks.
Zraven tega se mnogo držav članic s sistemi, ki se financirajo sproti (zlasti EU-15), sooča z velikim povečanjem stroškov zdaj in v prihodnje, kar pomeni naraščajoče pritiske na solidarnost in večje breme za mlajše generacije.
In addition, many Member States with pay-as-you-go systems (particularly the EU-15) are confronted with big increases in costs now and in the future, which means growing pressure on solidarity and heavier burdens for the younger generation.
Poleg tega je finančna in gospodarska kriza pokazala, da noben pokojninski sistem ni odporen na takšne dogodke, pa tudi, da veliki proračunski primanjkljaji, visoka stopnja brezposelnost in zelo omejen obseg za povečanje davčne obremenitve in obremenitve drugih dajatev posebej prizadenejo sisteme, ki se financirajo sproti.
Moreover, the financial and economic crisis has shown that no pension system is immune to such events but that large budget deficits, high unemployment and very limited scope for increasing the burden of taxation and other levies particularly hit pay-as-you-go systems.
Mladi kasneje vstopajo na trg dela, ker so bolje izobraženi.
Young people are entering the labour market later because they are better educated.
Poleg tega obstaja težnja k upokojitvi pred dosego zakonsko določene upokojitvene starosti.
In addition, there is a tendency to retire before reaching the statutory retirement age.
Ljudje vedno delajo manj časa, kot je potrebno za pokritje pokojninskih pravic.
People always work for less time than is necessary in order to cover their pension entitlements.
Sprejetje bolj prožnih in individualnih pokojninskih in delavskih sistemov lahko omogoči daljše sodelovanje na trgu dela, vendar pa so takšni sistemi trenutno preveč redki.
The adoption of more flexible and individual pension and work systems can make it possible to participate in the labour market for longer, but these systems are too rare at present.
Posledica tega je, da je še težje doseči pogoje pakta za stabilnost in rast, če prihranki niso bili zbrani, in obveznosti do upokojencev, ki so bile sprejete, so zaradi tega v celoti vključene v izračune.
As a result of all this, it is even more difficult to achieve the conditions of the Stability and Growth Pact if savings have not been accumulated and the obligations towards pensioners which have been entered into are therefore fully included in calculations.
Poročevalka vidi zeleno knjigo Komisije kot pozitivno, s pridržkom, da morajo odgovornosti držav članic, socialnih partnerjev in Evrope dobiti nov zagon.
The rapporteur regards the Commission’s Green Paper as positive, with the proviso that the responsibilities of Member States, the two sides of industry and Europe must each gain fresh impetus.
Zato moramo z upoštevanjem in ohranjanjem odgovornosti vsake strani skupaj zgraditi sistem, ki bo vzdržen in varen ter katerega izid bodo ustrezne pokojnine na ravni države članice.
We must therefore jointly, while recognising and preserving each party’s responsibility, build a system which is sustainable and secure and results in adequate pensions at Member State level.
Sodoben sistem, ki priznava, da – in pomaga ustvariti situacijo, v kateri – svoboda gibanja v Evropi ni omejena na določila iz prvega stebra, ampak temelji na predpostavki, da zlasti nova generacija potrebuje mobilnost, enako pa velja tudi za učinkovit in zmogljiv trg dela.
A modern system which recognises that – and helps to bring about a situation in which – freedom of movement in Europe is not confined to first-pillar provision but is based on the assumption that the new generation in particular needs mobility, but so does an effective and efficient labour market.
Z drugimi besedami, to je sistem, v katerem rešitve niso namenjene samo trenutnim potrebam, ampak tudi za prihodnost.
This, in other words, is a system in which solutions will be provided not only for present needs but also for the future.
- Starostna skupina prebivalstva nad 55 let bo zelo dominantna.
- The population will be strongly dominated by the 55+ age group.
- Pričakovana življenjska doba se bo še naprej podaljševala: za moške s 76 (2008) na 84 (2060) in za ženske z 82 (2008) na 89 (2060).
- Life expectancy will continue to rise: for men from 76 (2008) to 84 (2060), and for women from 82 (2008) to 89 (2060).
- Rodnost v EU bo ostala nizka (1,6).
- Fertility will remain low in the EU (1.6).
- Razmerje med številom ljudi, starih nad 65 let, in delovnim prebivalstvom se bo povečalo s 25,4 % (2008) na 53,5 % (2060).
- The ratio of the number of people aged over 65 to the working population will double from 25.4% (2008) to 53.5% (2060).
- Med letoma 2007 in 2020 se bo delovno prebivalstvo zaradi naraščajočega števila žensk na trgu dela povečalo za 3,7 %.
- Between 2007 and 2020, the working population will increase by 3.7% due to the growing number of women on the labour market.
Po letu 2020 bo se bo delovno prebivalstvo zmanjšalo za 13,6 %.
After 2020 the working population will fall by 13.6%.
- Leta 2008 so bili na vsakega upokojenca zaposleni 4 ljudje.
- In 2008 there were 4 people in employment for every pensioner.
Leta 2020 bo ta številka 5 zaposlena na vsakega upokojenca.
In 2020 the corresponding figure will be 5 people in employment for every pensioner.
Leta 2060 bo ta številka 2 zaposlena na vsakega upokojenca.
In 2060 the corresponding figure will be 2 people in employment for every pensioner.
- Udeležba pri zaposlitvi (med starostjo 15 in 64 let) se bo povečala s 70,6 % (2007) na 74,1 % (2060).
- Participation in employment (between the ages of 15 and 64) will rise from 70.6% (2007) to 74.1% (2060).
- V letu 2010 ljudje v povprečju nehajo delati pri starosti 61,4.
- In 2010 the average age at which people stop work in the EU is 61.4.
Do leta 2060 se bodo povprečni javni izdatki, povezani s staranjem prebivalstva povečali na 4,75 % BNP, povprečni javni izdatki za pokojnine pa na 2,4 % BNP.
By 2060, average public expenditure relating to the ageing of the population will have risen to 4.75% of GNP and average public expenditure on pensions to 2.4% of GNP.
Finančna in gospodarska kriza bo skupaj z demografskimi spremembami vplivala na pokojninske sisteme.
The financial and economic crisis, combined with demographic changes, will have an impact on pension systems.
Zaradi večje stopnje brezposelnosti, počasnejše rasti, manjših dobičkov od investicij in večjih javnih primanjkljajev bo pokojninskim sistemom težje zagotavljati ustrezne pokojnine ali v nekaterih primerih spoštovati dogovore.
Because of higher unemployment, slower growth, smaller returns on investment and larger public deficits, it will be more difficult for pension systems to provide adequate pensions or in some cases to honour agreements.
V večini držav članic upokojenci še ne trpijo zaradi krize, medtem ko so v nekaterih drugih zmanjšanja javne porabe vključevala zmanjšanje pokojnin.
In most Member States, today’s pensioners have not yet suffered on account of the crisis, while in some Member States cuts in public expenditure have included cuts in pensions.
S preureditvijo pokojninskih sistemov se je mnogo držav članic odločilo za zmanjšanje v prvem stebru.
In reforming their pension systems, many Member States have chosen to make cuts in the first pillar.
Finančna vzdržnost je sicer pomembna, upoštevati pa je treba tudi potrebo po zagotavljanju ustreznega dohodka.
Financial sustainability is important, but account must also be taken of the need to provide an adequate income.
Ohranjanje vzdržnosti proračunov in ustreznosti pokojninskih sistemov nista nasprotujoča si cilja, ampak dve plati iste medalje.
Keeping budgets sustainable and pension systems adequate are not conflicting objectives, but two sides of the same coin.
Resnične vzdržnosti ni mogoče doseči brez zagotavljanja ustreznih pokojnin.
Genuine sustainability cannot be achieved without ensuring that pensions are adequate.
Če pokojninski sistemi niso ustrezni, lahko to vodi v zmanjšanje porabe in zaradi manjšega povpraševanja v gospodarsko nestabilnost in zaradi tega v finančne težave.
If pension systems are not adequate, this may lead to a decline in consumption and, because of reduced demand, to economic instability and hence financial problems.
Poleg tega lahko pomeni velik pritisk na javno porabo glede drugih oblik socialne varnosti.
It may also put severe pressure on public expenditure on other forms of social security.
Odgovornost za vzdržen pokojninski sistem in ustrezne pokojnine si delijo vlada, socialni partnerji in posameznik.
Responsibility for a sustainable pension system and an adequate pension is shared between government, the two sides of industry and the individual.
Prvi steber temelji na solidarnosti med davkoplačevalci.
The first pillar is based on solidarity among taxpayers.
V večini primerov gre za javni steber, ki ga vlada financira s sistemom sprotnega financiranja.
In most cases, it is a public pillar, financed by government using a pay-as-you-go system.
Drugi steber je deljena odgovornost delodajalcev in delavcev na podlagi skupnih prispevkov, ki jih uravnava pravni okvir, ki ga vzpostavijo vlada in socialni partnerji.
The second pillar is a shared responsibility of employers and employees, based on joint contributions governed by a legal framework established by the government and the two sides of industry.
Za ohranjanje pokojninskih sistemov je pomemben tudi boj proti delu na črno.
It is also important to combat illegal work in order to preserve pension systems.
Prvi in drugi steber sta temelj za ustrezen pokojninski sistem.
The first and second pillars are the basis for an adequate pension system.
V tem poročilu poročevalka ustrezno pokojnino opredeljuje kot najmanjšo pokojnino, ki jo določi vsaka država članica sama.
In this report the rapporteur defines an adequate pension as a minimum pension which is determined by each Member State itself.
Tretji steber temelji na individualnih prispevkih.
The third pillar is based on individual contributions.
Ob preureditvi pokojninskih sistemov v prihodnosti bo treba ustvariti povezavo med prvim in drugim stebrom.
When pension systems are reformed in future, a link will need to be made between the first and the second pillars.
Ta stebra, ki se v nekaterih državah članicah delno prekrivata, sta tesno povezana s tretjim stebrom.
These pillars, which in some Member States partially overlap, are closely related to the third pillar.
Na ravni EU mora odločna odprta metoda koordinacije zagotoviti, da bodo obveznosti prvega stebra vzdržne in ustrezne, medtem ko mora biti drugi steber prilagojen v skladu z vedno večjo vlogo socialnih partnerjev.
At EU level a strong Open Method of Coordination must ensure that obligations of the first pillar are sustainable and adequate, while the second pillar must be adapted by increasing the role of the two sides of industry.
Poleg tega mora biti glede tretjega stebra plačilna zmožnost pokojninskih skladov bolje regulirana.
Moreover, as regards the third pillar, the solvency of pension funds must be better regulated.
Pokojninski sistemi so primarno odgovornost držav članic, vendar pa je glede nekaterih vidikov pomembna koordinacija na ravni EU: na primer za delovanje notranjega trga, zahteve pakta za stabilnost in rast ter strategijo EU 2010.
Pension systems are primarily the responsibility of the Member States, but in the case of certain aspects coordination at EU level is important: for example for the operation of the internal market, the requirements of the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) and the EU 2020 Strategy.
Drugi instrumenti EU državam članicam zagotavljajo podporo, na primer odprta metoda koordinacije.
Other EU instruments provide support for the Member States, such as the Open Method of Coordination (OMC).
Vpliv pokojninskih izdatkov na javne finance v eni državi članici lahko resno vpliva na druge države članice.
The impact of pension expenditure on public finances in one Member State may have a serious impact on other Member States.
Pakt za stabilnost in rast mora zato biti dejavnik v nacionalnih politikah, zlasti v prvem pokojninskem stebru.
The SGP must therefore be a factor in national policies, particularly in the first pension pillar.
Pokojninski skladi so bistveni del finančnih trgov.
Pension funds are an integral part of financial markets.
Direktiva o dodatnih pokojninah (drugi steber) sodi pod direktivo o institucijah za poklicno pokojninsko zavarovanje (2003/41/ES o dejavnostih in nadzoru institucij za poklicno pokojninsko zavarovanje).
The directive on supplementary pensions (second pillar) falls under the IORP Directive (2003/41/EC on the activities and supervision of institutions for occupational retirement provision).
Ta direktiva do sedaj ni veljala za vse pokojninske sklade, na katere bi se morda lahko nanašala.
So far, this Directive has not applied to all the pension funds to which it would potentially have been relevant.
To je povzročilo neenakopravno obravnavo in nadzor pokojninskih skladov glede na to, ali spadajo pod to direktivo ali ne.
This has resulted in inequalities of treatment and supervision between pension funds, depending on whether or not they are covered by it.
Finančna in gospodarska kriza je pokazala, kako pomembno je nadzorovati pokojninske sklade na ravni EU.
The financial and economic crisis has made it clear how important it is to supervise pension funds at EU level.
V povezavi s tem bi bila zaželena raziskava o področju uporabe in učinkovitosti direktiv Solventnost I in II.
In this connection, an investigation of the cover and effectiveness of the Solvency I and II Directives would be desirable.
Poročevalka je trdno prepričana, da takšnega pregleda treh zadevnih direktiv, ne bi smeli obravnavati ločeno od odzivov na zeleno knjigo.
The rapporteur strongly believes that such an examination of the three directives concerned should not be seen in isolation from responses to the Green Paper.
Spreminjajoči se trg dela
A changing labour market
Ravnotežje med prožnostjo in varnostjo na trgu dela podpira prilagodljivost gospodarstva in krepi evropski socialni model.
A balance between flexibility and security on the labour market supports the adaptability of the economy and strengthens the European social model.
Na današnjem trgu dela morajo biti ljudje zmožni med službami prehajati enostavno in brez soočanja s finančnimi ovirami.
On the current-day labour market, people must be able to move between jobs easily and without facing financial obstacles.
Delodajalci morajo biti zmožni zaposliti pravo osebo s pravimi sposobnostmi.
Employers must be able to appoint the right person with the right skills.
Zaradi tega je treba posodobiti tudi pokojninske sisteme, da bi s tem odpravili ovire za mobilnost na trgu dela.
This also makes it necessary to modernise pension systems in order to eliminate obstacles to mobility on the labour market.
Trg dela naj bi bil prožen tudi za upokojence.
Incidentally, the labour market should also be flexible for pensioners.
Ker trg dela postaja bolj prožen in se število žensk na njem povečuje, postajajo izračuni o pokojninskih sistemih, ki temeljijo na moških s polno delovno dobo in povprečnim dohodkom, zastareli, zato je treba tudi te posodobiti.
As the labour market becomes more flexible and the number of women on it increases, the calculations made in pension systems, which are based on men with complete careers and average incomes, are out of date, so that modernisation is needed here too.
To velja še zlasti z vidika, da imajo državljani pravico do natančnih podatkov o svoji pokojnini in stroških pokojninskega sistema (zlasti prvega stebra).
This is particularly true from the point of view that citizens have a right to accurate information about their pensions and the cost of the pension system (especially the first pillar).
Ključno vlogo pri podaljšanju delovne dobe igrajo sistemi prožne varnosti.
Flexicurity schemes play an essential role in extending working life.
Ljudi je treba spodbujati, da podaljšajo svojo delovno dobo, na primer s posodobitvijo politike trga dela in izboljšanjem delovnih pogojev.
People must be encouraged to prolong their careers, for example by modernising labour market policy and improving working conditions.
Na evropski, nacionalni in lokalni ravni morajo biti politike usmerjene k aktivnemu staranju.
At European, national and local level, policies must be geared to ageing actively.
Zelena knjiga enakosti med moškimi in ženskami ne posveča posebne pozornosti.
The Green Paper does not devote any specific attention to equality between men and women.
Netipično pogodbeno delovno razmerje je bolj pogosto za ženske kot za moške.
It is more common for women to work on atypical contracts than for men.
V povprečju ženske zaslužijo manj kot moški in pogosteje prekinejo svoje delovno razmerje, zato da se udejstvujejo kot negovalke.
On average, women earn less than men and interrupt their careers more often in order to act as carers.
Zaradi tega so njihove pokojnine pogosto nižje, kar poveča tveganje revščine za starejše ženske, kot tudi dejstvo, da živijo dlje (čeprav se razlika med spoloma manjša).
Consequently, their pensions are often smaller, which increases the risk of poverty for older women, as does the fact that they live longer (although the disparity between the sexes is declining).
V nekaterih sistemih, ki se financirajo sproti, so obdobja negovanja vključena v prispevke.
In some pay-as-you-go systems, caring periods are included in the contribution.
Vendar pa temu ni tako pri sistemih dodatne pokojnine.
However, this is not the case in supplementary pension schemes.
Vprašanje, ki ga je treba zato odgovoriti, je, kako naj se financira solidarnost.
The question to be resolved, therefore, is how solidarity should be financed.
Poročevalka meni, da bi morala biti finančna neodvisnost glavno načelo socialne varnosti.
The rapporteur considers that financial independence should be the general principle in social security.
Individualne pokojninske pravice zagotavljajo ekonomsko neodvisnost za ženske in moške.
Individual pension entitlements guarantee economic independence for women and men.
Ena od možnosti za iskanje načinov za povečanje prožnosti ter odpravo razlik med moškimi in ženskami je ocenjevanje ustreznosti prispevkov v pokojninske sklade na podlagi števila let, za katera je treba plačevati, da se pridobi pravica do takšne pokojnine.
One direction in which ways of increasing flexibility and eliminating differences between men and women could be sought is by assessing the adequacy of contributions to pension funds on the basis of the number of years for which contributions must be made in order to acquire the right to such a pension.
Preglednost pokojninskih sistemov in informacij o njih, ki jih dobijo državljani, je ključna za zaupanje.
The transparency of pension systems and of the information about them given to citizens is vital to confidence.
Ljudi je treba obvestiti o možnostih za zagotovitev ustrezne pokojnine, ki jih ponujajo različni stebri pokojninskega sistema.
People must be made aware of the opportunities afforded by the various pillars of the pension system to secure an adequate pension.
Imeti morajo dostop do pravih informacij o različnih tveganjih.
They must have access to the right information about the various risks.
Kriza povečuje potrebo, da oblikovalci politik ustvarijo stabilnost, tako da zagotovijo jasne informacije glede politike o pokojninah in o prihodnjih pokojninskih prihodkih.
The crisis adds to the need for policy-makers to create stability by providing clear information about policy on pensions and about future pension income.
Samo tako se lahko javnost uravnoteženo odloči o zagotavljanju svoje pokojnine.
Only then can members of the public make balanced decisions about their pension provision.
Zaradi tega poročevalka meni, da je v javnosti ključno ohranjati zavest, da morajo čim prej začeti varčevati za svoje pokojnine (finančna izobrazba).
In this context the rapporteur considers it vital to cultivate awareness among members of the public that they should start saving for their pensions as soon as possible (financial education).
Pripravljavec mnenja: George Sabin Cutaş
Rapporteur(*): George Sabin Cutaş
POKOJNINSKI OKVIR
PENSION FRAMEWORK
2, peti odstavek); meni, da morajo države članice same najti ustrezne zaključke, kjer je to potrebo, saj spada to področje pod načelo subsidiarnosti;
Notes the Commission’s statement that ‘this Green Paper does not question Member States’ prerogatives in pensions or the role of social partners and it does not suggest that there is one “ideal” one-size-fits-all pension system design’ (page 2 of the Green Paper, fifth paragraph); considers that it is for Member States to draw their own conclusions, where necessary, as this matter falls under the subsidiarity principle;
7. poudarja, da pokojnine in pokojninski sistemi nedvomno spadajo na področje izključne pristojnosti, odgovornosti in pooblastil za sprejemanje odločitev držav članic; poziva Komisijo, naj na tem političnem področju jasno zagotovi strogo spoštovanje načela subsidiarnosti;
Emphasises that pensions and pension systems are, without doubt, matters that come within the exclusive competence, responsibility and decision-making power of the Member States; calls on the Commission to ensure clearly that it strictly respects the subsidiarity principle in this policy area;
10. poudarja, da je treba za zagotovitev vzdržnosti javnih financ v oceno vključiti celotni javni in zasebni dolg; poudarja, da pokojninsko varčevanje ne pomeni zgolj varčevanje za pokojnino; zahteva, da morajo vse nekrite neposredne obveznosti iz javnih pokojninskih shem postati pregledne ter izrecno objavljene, da bi zagotovili dolgoročno vzdržnost javnih financ;
Emphasises that the sustainability of public finances requires the inclusion of total public and private debt in the assessment; points out that pension savings constitute something more than merely savings earmarked as pension; requests that the full scale of unfunded direct public-sector pension liabilities be made transparent and explicitly disclosed, with a view to the long-term sustainability of public finances;