natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
27. poziva Komisijo, naj podpre te tri vrste ustanov, da bi se okrepile in povezale svoje vire pri vzpostavljanju evropskega raziskovalnega prostora; cilj je postati vodilni v svetu na glavnih znanstvenih področjih;
Calls upon the Commission to support RPOs, universities and research funding agencies both to build their strength and to link their resources in building the ERA the goal being to reach global leadership in major scientific areas;
Krepitev raziskovalnih ustanov
Strengthening research institutions
31. poziva Komisijo, naj z določitvijo ciljev, pravil delovanja in sistema financiranja zagotovi, da se bodo mreže odličnosti in spletne raziskovalne skupnosti medsebojno dopolnjevale;
Calls on the Commission to make sure that networks of excellence and online research communities are fully complementary, by spelling out their objectives, operating rules and funding arrangements;
33. pozdravlja pobudo javnih raziskovalnih institucij in univerz za evropsko listino o intelektualni lastnini, ki jo je Svet EU predlagal v Bruslju 21. in 22. junija 2007, pod pogojem, da bo na njeni podlagi nastal uporaben skupek pravil, ki bodo upoštevala zlasti potrebe po obdelavi in prenosu znanstvenih spoznanj;
Welcomes the initiative for a European Charter for the use of intellectual property from public research institutions and universities, endorsed by the European Council held in Brussels on 21 and 22 June 2007, provided that it leads to a usable set of rules which in particular take account of the needs of scientific knowledge elaboration and transfer;
Izmenjava znanja
Sharing knowledge
37. se strinja s konceptom odprte inovativnosti, ki ga podpira Komisija, in po katerem javni in zasebni sektor postaneta zaveznika in izmenjujeta znanje pod pogojem, da se razvije pravičen sistem, uravnotežen med prostim dostopom do znanstvenih rezultatov in njihovo uporabo v zasebnem sektorju (pravična delitev znanja); meni, da bi moralo biti pravilo, da mora industrija za uporabo javnega znanja plačati pošteno in pravično nadomestilo, uradno priznano;
Agrees with the ‘open innovation’ concept promoted by the Commission according to which the public and private sectors become full partners and share knowledge provided that a balanced and fair system is developed between open access to scientific results and use of such results by the private sector (fair sharing of knowledge); believes that the rule of a fair and equitable financial reward for use of public knowledge by industry should be officially recognised;
39. poziva Komisijo, naj v sodelovanju z državami članicami ustanovi evropski forum, na katerem bi lahko na evropski in nacionalni ravni usklajevali sodelovanje civilne družbe pri razpravi o znanosti, raziskovanju in tehnologiji;
Calls on the Commission, in collaboration with the Member States, to establish a European forum whereby European- and national-level processes of civil society engagement in the discussion of science, research, and technology can be coordinated;
42. meni, da je primerno uvesti načelo vzajemnega odpiranja nacionalnih programov udeležencem iz drugih držav članic, ker bi bil tako narejen korak naprej pri izmenjavi informacij o obstoječih nacionalnih programih in bi se spodbudilo ocenjevanje nacionalnih raziskovalnih dejavnosti na mednarodnih forumih;
Deems it appropriate to implement the principle of the reciprocal opening of national programmes to participants from other Member States since this would be a step towards the exchange of information on existing national programmes and would encourage the evaluation of national research activities by international panels;
48. ugotavlja, da ciljev lizbonske strategije ni mogoče doseči, ne da bi se v raziskovalne dejavnosti močneje vključil zasebni sektor; poziva Komisijo, naj sprejme ukrepe za izboljšanje spodbud za zasebni sektor, da bi ta vlagal v raziskave in pri njih sodeloval; se strinja s stališčem, da je potrebno razviti vodilno vlogo Evrope na tehnološko intenzivnih trgih ob podpori strogih standardov zaščite intelektualne lastnine; meni, da je zato potrebno znotraj tržišč, ki dobro delujejo, razširiti javno-zasebno partnerstvo;
Notes that the objectives of the Lisbon Strategy cannot be achieved without a serious increase in the involvement of the private sector in research activities; calls on the Commission to take actions to enhance the incentives for the private sector to invest and participate in research; supports the view that is necessary to develop a European lead in technology-intensive markets supported by strong standards of IPR protection; holds the view that expanding Public Private Partnerships within well-functioning markets is important to this end;
Odpiranje v svet: mednarodno sodelovanje na področju znanosti in tehnologije
Opening up to the world: international cooperation in S&T
58. poziva Komisijo, naj začne, izvaja in podpira ukrepe za izboljšanje ravni sodelovanja znanstvenikov iz držav v razvoju pri mednarodnih projektih znanstvenega sodelovanja ter raziskav in razvoja, in naj v svetovnem merilu spodbuja dostop do obstoječe intelektualne lastnine; poudarja, kako pomembno je, da se v EU privablja raziskovalce iz tretjih držav, zlasti iz evropskih sosedskih držav, med drugim s hitrejšim prenosom direktive Sveta 2005/71/ES z dne 12. oktobra 2005 o posebnem postopku za dovolitev vstopa državljanom tretjih držav za namene znanstvenega raziskovanja
Calls on the Commission to initiate, implement and support measures to improve the level of participation of scientists from developing countries in international collaborative science and R&D projects and promote access to existing intellectual property globally; underlines the importance of attracting researchers from third countries to the EU, particularly from the European neighbourhood countries, inter alia through a faster transposition of the Council Directive 2005/71/EC of 12 October 2005 on a specific procedure for admitting third-country nationals for the purposes of scientific research
UL L 412, 30.12.2006, str.
OJ L 289, 3.11.2005, p.
59. želi, da bi bil evropski raziskovalni prostor pri svojem odpiranju v svet naklonjen oddaljenim regijam in čezmorskim državam ter da bi tako kar najbolje izkoristil prednosti in bogastva, ki jih ponujajo te evropske ali pridružene regije, s tem da bi jih v okviru „mrež odličnosti“ usklajeno vključil v dejavnosti znanstvenega in tehnološkega sodelovanja;
Hopes that the ERA, from the point of view of its openness to the world, will favour the outermost regions (ORs) and the Overseas Countries and Territories (OCT) in order to make the most of the advantages and riches offered by these European or partner regions, by incorporating them coherently into scientific and technological cooperation actions in the context of ‘networks of excellence’;
Raziskave, družba in ekonomska rast
Research, society and economic growth
Vloga znanosti in tehnologije v družbi je pod močnim vplivom mnenja, da so dejavnosti na področju raziskav in razvoja zlasti instrumenti ekonomske konkurenčnosti: raziskave so nekaj vredne samo, če spodbujajo inovacije.
The role of science and technology in the society has been strongly influenced by the view that sees Research and Development (R&D) mainly as an instrument of economic competition: research is worthwhile only if able to promote innovation.
Ta analiza napelje k dajanju prednosti uporabnim raziskavam pred temeljnimi, razvoju novih tehnologij pred odkrivanjem novih znanstvenih teorij in kratkoročnim pogledom pred dolgoročnimi obvezami.
This analysis leads to favour applied research rather than basic investigation, the development of new technologies rather than the discovery of new scientific theories, a short term perspective instead of a long period commitment.
Razprava je skoraj v celoti krožila okoli ekonomske vrednosti dejavnosti na področju raziskav in razvoja, vedno več pozornosti pa se posveča instrumentom za zaščito pravic intelektualne lastnine.
The debate has been focused almost entirely on the economic value of R&D, more and more attention has been paid to instruments to protect Intellectual Property Rights (IPR’s).
V zadnjih letih je prišlo do velikih sprememb v sistemu za zaščito pravic intelektualne lastnine: širitev področja zaščite znanja in omogočanje večjega obsega pravic lastnikom patentov.
In recent years, deep changes took place regarding the system of IPR’s: widening areas of protected knowledge and granting a broader range of rights to patent holders.
Seznamu možnih patentov so bile dodane programska oprema in baze podatkov (tiste, ki se nanašajo na genetiko in geofiziko), vključene pa so tudi temeljne znanstvene panoge (kot sta matematika in biologija)
Patentable topics has been widened including software and databases (those related to genetics and geophysics) and even basic science has been involved (like mathematics and biology).
Povečana gospodarska vrednost pravice intelektualne lastnine je pripeljala do občutne rasti števila patentov: število zahtevkov pri Evropskem patentnem uradu je naraslo s 70.000 leta 1990 na 129.000 leta 2000; isto se je zgodilo v ZDA, kjer je število patentov naraslo z 62.000 leta 1980 na 90.000 leta 1990 in 166.000 leta 2001.
The increased economic value of IPR´s has lead to a significant increment of patents: the number of requests at the European Patent Office increased from 70,000, in 1990, to 129,000 in 2000; the same happened in US were patents increased from 62,000, in 1980, to 90,000, in 1990, and 166,000 on 2001.
Tudi število sodnih sporov v zvezi s patenti in avtorskimi pravicami je naraslo, vsaj v Združenih državah Amerike. .
Also the relative controversies for patents and copyrights increased, at least in the United States.
Toda pri tej zadevi obstajata dve razhajajoči se smeri.
But two divergent positions exist on the matter.
Po eni strani je potrebno priskrbeti spodbudo izumiteljem: če avtorju ni zagotovljena gmotna korist, obstaja možnost, da se inovacije upočasnijo.
On one side, it is due to guarantee incentives to inventors: if the economic return for the author is not protected, there is a risk of slowing down innovation.
Po drugi strani širitev pravic intelektualne lastnine lahko povzroči nezaželene ovire pri širjenju znanja, ki je temelj za inovacije.
On the other side, broadening IPR´s can create undesired obstacles to the spread of knowledge, the very basic ingredient for innovation.
Pretirana razširitev patentov bi lahko povzročila izkrivljanje virov, namenjenih tehničnim inovacijam, vlaganja pa bi se usmerila k področjem z višjo osebno gmotno koristjo, namesto proti področjem, ki so koristnejša za družbo
An excessive extension of patents could generate a distortion of resources allocated for technical innovation, investments that are routed towards areas with bigger private return rather than on those with greater interest for the whole society
Na seji Organizacije za varnost in sodelovanje v Evropi januarja 2004 je bilo povedano, da sistem varovanja pravic intelektualne lastnine ne bi smel zmanjšati dostopa do novega znanja.
In the Ocse meeting of January 2004, was stated that the IPR’s system should not reduce access to new knowledge.
Vlade so bile zaprošene, naj sprejmejo primerne ukrepe za zagotavljanje dostopa javnosti do določenih znanstvenih podatkov, pridobljenih preko javno financiranih raziskav. .
Governments were asked to adopt appropriate measures to guarantee that scientific data from public financed research were made available to everyone .
Poročevalec verjame, da se je pomembno vrniti k osnovnemu poslanstvu znanstvenega raziskovanja: ustvarjanju novega znanja
The rapporteur believes that it is important to go back to the main mission of scientific research: the creation of new knowledge
... univerze in raziskovalni inštituti morajo prispevati tako novo znanstveno znanje, kot tudi usposobljene raziskovalce.
"...universities and the endowed research institutes must furnish both the new scientific knowledge and the trained research workers.
Te institucije označuje tradicija in njihova posebna lastnost, da izvajajo temeljne raziskave.
These institutions are uniquely qualified by tradition and by their special characteristics to carry on basic research.
Odgovorne so za zbiranje preteklega znanja, posredovanje tega znanja študentom in prispevek k novim znanjem vseh vrst.
They are charged with the responsibility of conserving the knowledge accumulated by the past, imparting that knowledge to students, and contributing new knowledge of all kinds.
Znanstveniki zlasti v teh institucijah lahko delajo v ozračju, v katerem skoraj ni pritiska dogovorov, predsodkov ali gmotnih potreb.
It is chiefly in these institutions that scientists may work in an atmosphere which is relatively free from the adverse pressure of convention, prejudice, or commercial necessity.
V najboljšem primeru znanstvenemu delavcu nudijo občutek solidarnosti in varnosti, kot tudi visoko raven osebne intelektualne svobode.
At their best they provide the scientific worker with a strong sense of solidarity and security, as well as a substantial degree of personal intellectual freedom.
Vsi ti dejavniki so zelo pomembni za razvoj novega znanja, ker je gotovo, da bo veliko novih dognanj povzročilo nasprotovanja zaradi tega, ker se običajno ne ujemajo z ustaljenimi načini razmišljanja in delovanja.
All of these factors are of great importance in the development of new knowledge, since much of new knowledge is certain to arouse opposition because of its tendency to challenge current beliefs or practice.
Industrija je običajno omejena z načrtovanimi cilji, lastnimi jasno zastavljenimi merili in stalnim pritiskom potreb trga.
Industry is generally inhibited by preconceived goals, by its own clearly defined standards, and by the constant pressure of commercial necessity.
V industrijskih laboratorijih le redko pride do zadovoljivega napredka temeljne znanosti...
Satisfactory progress in basic science seldom occurs under conditions prevailing in the normal industrial laboratory..."
Nujna je ponovna ocena razširjenega predsodka, ki vidi dejavnosti na področju raziskav in razvoja v linearnem odnosu z inovacijami.
It is necessary to re-evaluate a diffused preconception that sees a linear relationship between R&D and innovation.
Res je, da povezave obstajajo, a so na višji zahtevnostni ravni in so lahko povezane s področji izven obsega znanosti.
Indeed, correlations do exist but they involve higher levels of complexity and potentially have to do with areas well outside the realm of science.
Zato je treba spremeniti pojmovanje raziskovanja kot neke vrste univerzalne rešitve gospodarskih in družbenih težav.
Therefore, the perception of research as a sort of "panacea" to solve economic and social problems needs to be corrected.
Po drugi strani si ne moremo predstavljati, da bi dejavnosti na področju raziskav in razvoja bile zgolj v rokah znanstvenikov, ki delajo v slonokoščenem stolpu.
On the other hand, we cannot imagine leaving R&D only in the hands of scientists working in their "ivory tower".
Čeprav to ni takoj vidno, so očitne in takojšnje gospodarske koristi iz dejavnosti raziskav in razvoja temeljni dejavnik za ustvarjanje evropske družbe, ki temelji na znanju .
Although it does not directly address visible and immediate economic dividends, R&D is a fundamental factor for the creation of the knowledge based society in Europe.
Dokazi, da javno financirane raziskave prinesejo občutne koristi družbi, so prepričljivi.
There is convincing evidence that public-funded research produces considerable social benefits.
Vendar so te koristi pogosto nejasne, heterogene, težko jih je opredeliti in izmeriti ter so večinoma posredne.
However, these benefits are often thin, heterogeneous, difficult to characterize and to measure, and mainly indirect.
Javno podprte raziskave je treba obravnavati bolj kot vir novih idej, metod in predvsem kot način za usposabljanje ljudi, da se spopadejo z zapletenimi nalogami.
Public research must be considered more like a source of new ideas, methods and, above all, as a mean to train people to solve complex problems.
Literatura, ki je na voljo, kaže, da financiranja raziskav, kot tudi mnogih drugih javno financiranih področij (kot sta varnost in obramba ), ni lahko upravičiti zgolj v smislu izmerljivih gmotnih koristi .
The literature available indicates that the financing of research, like many other public funded fields (such as security and defence ), is not easy to justify only in terms of " measurable economic benefits ”.
Potreba po upravljanju raziskav
The need for research governance
Vlade EU so zastavile ambiciozno lizbonsko agendo, ki poudarja ključno vlogo prehoda na gospodarstvo, ki temelji na znanju, da bi se zagotovila trajnostna rast, boljša in številčnejša delovna mesta ter večja družbena kohezija.
EU governments have set the ambitious Lisbon agenda, which emphasises the key role of the transition to the knowledge-based economy in securing sustainable growth, more and better jobs and greater social cohesion.
Ti cilji in vizije prihodnosti so nepogrešljivi, če naj bi politika v Evropi izkazovala večjo družbeno zavzetost.
Such ambitions and such a vision of the future are vital if policy in Europe has to reflect major societal concerns.
Vendar pa bo vloga, ki jo lahko dejavnosti na področju raziskav in razvoja odigrajo v tem procesu, omejena, če številni ključni dejavniki, ki trenutno ovirajo Evropo pri doseganju polnih znanstvenih in tehnoloških zmožnosti, ne bodo ustrezno obravnavani.
However, the part that R&D can play in this process will be constrained if a number of key factors, which currently prevent Europe from achieving its full S&T potential, are not adequately addressed.
Poročevalec verjame, da je uspešnost Evrope pri inovacijah, torej njena možnost rasti, odvisna od razvoja uravnoteženega sistema pridobivanja in širjenja znanja.
The rapporteur believes that the innovative performance of Europe, and thus its growth potential, depends upon the development of a “ balanced system " of knowledge production and distribution.
Vloga Komisije in držav članic je torej, da vlagajo v človeški kapital, utrdijo odnose in omogočijo kar najboljši pretok znanja.
The role of the Commission and MS’s then is to invest in human capital, intensify relationships, and optimise the flows of knowledge.
Evropa mora poiskati alternativna merila za učinkovitost političnih instrumentov, še posebej glede katalizatorskega učinka javne podpore, pojmovanega kot dodatnost povzročenega vedenja
Europe has to search for alternative criteria to measure the effectiveness of policy instruments, especially looking at the catalyst effects of public support, also referred to as “ behavioural additionality ”
Dejavnik, ki prispeva k šibkosti Evrope na področju znanosti in tehnologije, je pomanjkanje zadostnih vlaganj v dejavnosti raziskav in razvoja
A factor contributing to Europe's weakness in Science and Technology is the lack of sufficient investment in R&D
Združene države in Japonska ne vlagajo samo več svojega BDP v raziskave in razvoj, kot EU (2,6 % in 3,2 % leta 2003 v primerjavi z 1,90 % pri EU), ampak sta tudi povečala intenzivnost dejavnosti na področju raziskav in razvoja od sredine devetdesetih let, in s tem pustila Evropo daleč za sabo. .
The United States and Japan not only invest more of their GDP in R&D than the EU (2.67% and 3.20% respectively in 2003 compared with 1.90% for the EU), but have also increased their R&D intensity since the mid-1990s, leaving Europe seriously lagging behind. .
Če se želi Evropa spopasti z zahtevnimi gospodarskimi, družbenimi in okoljskimi izzivi, s katerimi se sooča na začetku enaindvajsetega stoletja, bo morala več vlagati v raziskave.
If Europe wants to tackle the tough economic, social and environmental challenges it faces at the beginning of the twenty-first century, it will need to spend more on research.
Koraki, sprejeti na srečanju Evropskega sveta v Lizboni leta 2000, so bili odziv na zaskrbljenost ob premajhnih vlaganjih Evrope v znanje, kar je bilo dodatno okrepljeno na vrhu v Barceloni leta 2002, ko si je EU postavila cilj doseči 3-odstotno intenzivnost za dejavnosti na področju raziskav in razvoja do leta 2010.
The steps taken at the Lisbon European Council in 2000 were a reaction to these concerns about Europe's underinvestment in the knowledge economy, and this was further reinforced at the Barcelona summit in 2002, where the EU set itself the objective of reaching an R&D intensity of 3 per cent by 2010.
Vendar rast vlaganj v te dejavnosti od leta 2000 ni bila zadostna, da bi dosegli ta cilj
However, the growth in its R&D spending since 2000 has been insufficient to achieve this target
Večina primanjkljaja pri financiranju dejavnosti na področju raziskav in razvoja je ravno pri industriji.
Yet much of the gap in spending compared with its competitors relates to R&D financed by industry.
Zaradi neuspeha na trgu privatni sektor ni zmožen vlagati v raziskave na ravni, ki bi bila najboljša za družbo.
Market failures prevent the private sector from investing in research at the socially optimum level.
Vlade imajo pri tem pomembno vlogo, tako z omogočanjem pomoči in pogojev, ki spodbujajo več privatnega vlaganja v dejavnosti na področju raziskav in razvoja, kot tudi s podporo teh dejavnosti v primerih, ko tega podjetja ne bi storila.
Governments have an important role to play: both by providing incentives and conditions which encourage more private investment in R&D, and by stepping in to support R&D in cases where business would not otherwise do so.
Predvsem pa je naloga vlad, da ustvarijo pogoje za ustvarjanje novih znanj in da jih posredujejo vsej družbi.
But, above all, the role of governments is creating the conditions to allow new knowledge to be created and made available to all society.
Znanje in inovacije imajo lastnosti javne dobrine , torej nečesa, kar bi moralo biti dostopno vsem
Indeed, knowledge and innovation have the characteristics of a " public good", that is, something that should be accessible to everybody in a society.
Potreba po javni podpori raziskav prihaja tudi iz sistemske narave inovacij in iz pomena vlaganj v človeški kapital ter iz mrež, ki zagotavljajo zbiranje znanja.
"The need for public support of research also derives from the system nature of innovation, and from the importance to invest in human capital and networks to ensure the absorption of knowledge.
Proces pridobivanja znanja je veliko bolj zapleten, kot predvideva linearni model.
The process of knowledge production is much more complex than the linear model suggests.
Povratnih učinkov med posameznimi stopnjami inovacijskega procesa je veliko, kar bi bilo najbolje razumljeno kot sistem, v katerem so odnosi med institucijami in pretok znanja med različnimi subjekti bistvenega pomena
There are many feedback effects between the various stages in the innovation process, which is best considered as a system, where institutional relationships and the flows of knowledge between actors are of critical importance."
Ob omejenih sredstvih, namenjenih dejavnostim na področju raziskav in razvoja, je še bolj pomembno zagotoviti, da se ta majhna sredstva uporabijo kar se da učinkovito.
"Against the background of limited resources for R&D it has become even more important to ensure that scarce funds are spent as effectively as possible.
Vendar se negativni učinek že tako relativno nizkega evropskega vlaganja v te dejavnosti (...) sešteva s številnimi strukturnimi primanjkljaji, ki so neločljivo povezani z evropskim sistemom za raziskave in razvoj.
However, the already negative effects of Europe's relatively low investment in research (...) are compounded by a number of structural deficits inherent in the European R&D system.
Te sistemske šibkosti naredijo Evropo manj privlačno za vlagatelje v dejavnosti raziskav in razvoja ter za raziskovalce, hkrati pa povzročajo škodljivo razdrobljenost raziskovalnih prizadevanj.
These systemic weaknesses make Europe a less-attractive place for R&D investors and researchers, and produce a wasteful fragmentation of research efforts.
Bistvo težave je v potrebi po upravljanju raziskav v Evropi.
At the heart of the problem is the issue of research governance in Europe.