natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
(*) Postopek s pridruženimi odbori – člen 47 Poslovnika
(*) Procedure with associated committees - Rule 47 of the Rules of Procedures
Splošno ozadje
The general background:
Poglavitni namen je bil z oblikovanjem skupnega minimalnega nabora kaznivih dejanj zagotoviti učinkovitejšo uporabo prava Skupnosti.
The main point was to ensure more effective application of Community law by defining a common minimum set of offences.
Vendar Svet ni obravnaval predlogov Parlamenta in Komisije, temveč je namesto tega januarja 2003 sprejel okvirni sklep na podlagi tretjega stebra (pogodba o EU).
The Council, however, did not discuss the proposals of Parliament and Commission but instead adopted a framework decision in January 2003 based on the 3 rd pillar (EU Treaty).
Evropsko sodišče je okvirni sklep razveljavilo, saj je ugotovilo, da je bil edini namen sklepa varovanje okolja, kar pa bi lahko bilo oziroma bi moralo biti urejeno z uporabo člena 175 pogodbe o ES (ki je prvi steber).
This framework decision was annulled by the European Court of Justice since it was found that everything in the decision aimed at protecting the environment – and that this could and should be done by applying EC Treaty Article 175 (which is the 1 st pillar).
To je vodilo do pomanjkanja zakonodaje oziroma ureditve na tem področju, saj je Svet sprejel sklep tretjega stebra, ki ga je Sodišče razveljavilo, medtem ko v prvem stebru ni bilo ustrezne zakonodaje.
The outcome was a lack of legislation or regulation in this field since the Council had adopted a third pillar decision which was annulled by the Court while no first pillar legislation was in place.
Parlament in Komisija sta zato vztrajala, da je potreben nov predlog, ki je bil predložen lani (KOM (2007)0051).
As a consequence both Parliament and the Commission have argued the need for the new proposal which was put forward last year ( COM(2007)0051 ).
Namen dveh najpomembnejših in najspornejših delov sedanjega predloga Komisije je (1) določiti usklajen niz kaznivih dejanj, ki jih morajo vse države članice kaznovati s kazenskimi sankcijami, in (2) z dogovorom o skupnem okviru uskladiti ali poenotiti sankcije za posebno huda kazniva dejanja zoper okolje.Ti ukrepi so se zdeli potrebni za zagotavljanje učinkovitega varstva okolja in enotnega ter ustreznega uveljavljanja in izvajanja določb v Skupnosti.
The two most essential and controversial parts of the current Commission proposal aim to (1) set out a harmonised set of offences which should be punished by criminal sanctions by all Member States, and (2) harmonise or approximate sanctions for particularly serious environmental crimes by agreeing on a common frame.These steps were considered necessary to ensure an effective protection of the environment and secure uniform and fair enforcement and implementation across the Community.
Nedavna odločitev Sodišča v zadevi onesnaževanja z ladij (sodba z dne 23. oktobra 2007 v zadevi C-440/05) je še povečala pritisk, posebno v primeru določb členov 5 in 7 sedanjega predloga o poenotenju sankcij za fizične in pravne osebe.
Recently, however, the Court ruling in the case of ship pollution (judgment of 23 October 2007 in case C-440/05) has increased the pressure on specifically the provisions of Articles 5 and 7 of the current proposal dealing with approximation of sanctions for natural and legal persons respectively.
Osnutek mnenja odbora za okolje:
The opinion of the Environment Committee:
Pripravljavec mnenja meni, da je okvir Komisije primeren za učinkovito varovanje okolja in zagotavljanje enotnega in poštenega uveljavljanja in izvajanja določb v Skupnosti.
The draftsman considers the framework put forward by the Commission a fruitful one in order to effectively protect the environment and secure uniform and fair enforcement and implementation across the Community.
Pripravljavec mnenja zato predlaga, da se predlog Komisije v zvezi s temi vprašanji ne črta ali spreminja.
Hence, the draftsman proposes not to delete or amend the Commission proposal on these particular points.
V zvezi s kaznivimi dejanji želi pripravljavec mnenja poudariti besedilo in pomen določenih posebnih vidikov.
Turning to the offences, the draftsman wishes to strengthen the wording and meaning of certain specific aspects.
Glavna prednostna naloga bi morala biti zaščita habitatov, vendar so države članice kritizirale predloge Komisije, češ da so nejasni in dvoumni, zato je pripravljavec mnenja podal predlog spremembe, da se razjasni in določi, kaj natančno pomeni „zaščita habitatov“.
Protection of habitats should be a main priority but the proposals of the Commission have been criticised by Member States for being unclear an ambiguous, and hence the draftsman has proposed an amendment to clarify and define exactly what is meant by “protected habitats”.
Poleg tega pripravljavec mnenja predlaga, da se poudari odgovornost proizvajalcev, izvoznikov, uvoznikov, prevoznikov, itd.Kadar obstaja razlog za domnevo, da bi določen proizvod ali snov lahko povzročila smrt ali hudo telesno poškodbo ali bi resno škodovala okolju, bi morali biti obdelovanje, prodaja, skladiščenje ali podobno v skladu s to direktivo obravnavani kot kaznivo dejanje.
Furthermore the draftsman suggests stressing the responsibility of manufacturers, exporters, importers, transporters, etc.In cases where there is reason to believe that the product or substance of concern is likely to cause death or serious injury to persons or substantial damage to the environment, the treatment, sale, storage and such like should be considered an offence according to this Directive.
Pripravljavec mnenja ob koncu tudi predlaga, da se pojasnijo obveznosti držav članic in se zagotovijo zadostna sredstva, osebje in usposabljanje, da bi z novim pristopom, ki ga opisuje ta direktiva, dejansko zmanjšali okoljski kriminal.
Finally, the draftsman proposes to clarify the obligation of Member States to ensure sufficient resources, personnel and training to actually reduce environmental crime through the novel approach outlined in this Directive.
(5) Ker je bila naloga nalaganja sankcij namesto upravnim organom zaupana sodnim organom, so za preiskave in izvajanje okoljskih predpisov odgovorni organi držav članic, v katerih se je pojavilo tveganje, ki pomeni kaznivo dejanje, pri čemer so ti organi neodvisni od organov, ki izdajajo dovoljenja in pooblastila.
(5) By entrusting judicial authorities, rather than administrative authorities, with the task of imposing sanctions, responsibility for investigating and enforcing the respect of environmental regulations falls to the authorities of the Member State in which the geohazard constituting a criminal offence under the law occurs and which are independent of those which grant exploitation licences and discharge authorisations.
Pomemben je kraj, kjer je sprožen postopek zaradi okoljske škode ali zaradi namerno storjenega kaznivega dejanja, ki je povzročilo smrt ali hudo poškodbo.
It is important for the place at which proceedings for damage caused to the environment or an offence committed intentionally that causes death or serious injury are brought.
Ker se škodljive snovi ponavadi prenašajo čez meje, so za izvedbo preiskave in naložitev sankcij najbolj primerni organi države, kjer je tveganje povzročilo največ škode okolju in javnemu zdravju, in ne organi države, od koder tveganje prihaja.
Owing to the fact that pollutants are generally carried across borders, the authorities best suited to investigating the matter and imposing sanctions are not the competent authorities of the state in which the hazard originated but those in which it caused damage to the environment and public health.
(7) Neupoštevanje pravne dolžnosti ukrepanja ima lahko enak učinek kot aktivno vedenje , zato bi se moralo prav tako kaznovati z ustreznimi sankcijami.
(7) Failure to comply with a legal duty to act can have the same effect as active behaviour and should therefore be subject to corresponding sanctions, as well.
(7) Neupoštevanje pravne dolžnosti ukrepanja ima lahko posledice, ki so enake ali celo hujše od posledic aktivnega vedenja , zato bi se ga moralo prav tako kaznovati z ustreznimi sankcijami.
(7) Failure to comply with a legal duty to act can have consequences which are the same as or more serious than those resulting from active behaviour and should therefore be subject to corresponding sanctions, as well.
(9) Da bi dosegli učinkovito varstvo okolja, bi se morali kot kaznivi dejanji obravnavati tudi udeležba in napeljevanje k takšnim dejavnostim.
(9) In order to achieve effective protection of the environment, participation in and instigation of such activities should also be considered a criminal offence.
(9) Da bi dosegli učinkovito varstvo okolja, bi se morala kot kazniva dejanja obravnavati tudi udeležba in napeljevanje k takšnim dejavnostim ali ravnanje, pri katerem je bila zaradi dejanja in/ali neukrepanja povzročena okoljska škoda in/ali bi lahko bila povzročena huda škoda, za učinkovito zaščito okolja v skladu z načeloma varnosti in preprečevanja pa bi morala za sredstva, povezana s kaznivim dejanjem, veljati resnični varnostni ukrepi.
(9) In order to achieve effective protection of the environment, participation in and instigation of such activities or behaviour which, by action or omission, results in damage or a threat of serious damage to the environment should also be considered a criminal offence and, with a view to effectively protecting the environment and in accordance with the principles of prevention and precaution, the instruments whereby an offence is committed should form the subject of genuine precautionary measures.
V tej direktivi so določeni kazenskopravni ukrepi za učinkovitejše varstvo okolja.
This Directive establishes measures relating to criminal law in order to protect the environment more effectively.
(a) „nezakonit“ pomeni kršenje zakonodaje Skupnosti ali zakona, upravnega predpisa ali odločitve pristojnega organa v državi članici, ki so namenjeni varstvu okolja;
(a) "unlawful" means infringing Community legislation or a law, an administrative regulation or a decision taken by a competent authority in a Member State aiming at the protection of the environment.
(a) „nezakonit“ pomeni kršenje zakonodaje Skupnosti ali zakona, upravnega predpisa ali odločitve pristojnega organa v državi članici, ki so namenjeni varstvu okolja in javnega zdravja .
(a) "unlawful" means infringing Community legislation or a law, an administrative regulation or a decision taken by a competent authority in a Member State aiming at the protection of the environment and public health .
Kazniva dejanja in sankcije, ki so obravnavane v členih 3, 5 in 7 tega predloga, zajemajo vprašanja, povezana z različnimi vidiki življenja in javnega zdravja ter z okoljem.
The offences and sanctions dealt with in Articles 3, 5 and 7 of the proposal cover issues relating to various aspects of life and public health, as well as to the environment.
Člen 7 določa posebne denarne kazni in odškodnine za kazniva dejanja, ki povzročijo smrt ali resno poškodbo.
Article 7 provides for specific fines and financial compensation in respect of offences causing death or serious injury.
(b) „pravna oseba“ pomeni kateri koli pravni subjekt, ki ima ta status v skladu z veljavnim nacionalnim pravom, z izjemo držav ali drugih javnih organov , ki izvršujejo svoje suverene pravice, ter javnih mednarodnih organizacij.
(b) “legal person” means any legal entity having such status under the applicable national law, except for States or other public bodies acting in the exercise of their sovereign rights and for public international organisations.
(b) „pravna oseba“ pomeni kateri koli pravni subjekt, ki ima ta status v skladu z veljavnim nacionalnim pravom, vključno z državami ali drugimi javnimi organi , ki izvršujejo svoje suverene pravice, ter javnimi mednarodnimi organizacijami.
(b) “legal person” means any legal entity having such status under the applicable national law, including States or other public bodies acting in the exercise of their sovereign rights and for public international organisations.
Javni organi ne bi smeli biti izvzeti iz zahtev po spoštovanju okoljske zakonodaje ali po kazenski odgovornosti, kot to predpisuje ta direktiva.
Public bodies should not be exempted from following environmental law or criminal liability as prescribed in this Directive.
(ba) „zaščiteni habitat“ pomeni območje, določeno kot posebno območje varstva v skladu s členom 4(1) ali (2) direktive 79/409/EGS ali kot posebno ohranitveno območje v skladu s členom 4(4) direktive 92/43/EGS.
(ba) "protected habitat" means any site designated as a special protection area pursuant to Article 4(1) or (2) of Directive 79/409/EEC or as a special area of conservation pursuant to Article 4(4) of Directive 92/43/EEC.
(a) izpust, emisije ali vnos količine snovi ali ionizirajočega sevanja na zemeljsko površje, v zrak, živo skalo, zemljo ali vodo, kar povzroči smrt ali hudo telesno poškodbo ljudi ali živali ;
(a) the discharge, emission or introduction of a quantity of materials or ionising radiation onto the Earth's surface, into air, bedrock, soil or water, which causes death or serious injury to any person or animal ;
(b) nezakoniti izpusti, emisije ali vnosi količine snovi ali ionizirajočega sevanja v zrak, zemljo ali vodo, kar povzroči ali bi lahko povzročilo smrt ali hudo telesno poškodbo ali dejansko škodovalo kakovosti zraka, zemlje, vode, živalim ali rastlinam;
(b) the unlawful discharge, emission or introduction of a quantity of materials or ionising radiation into air, soil or water, which causes or is likely to cause death or serious injury to any person or substantial damage to the quality of air, soil, water, animals or plants;
(b) nezakoniti izpusti, emisije ali vnosi količine snovi ali ionizirajočega sevanja na zemeljsko površje, v zrak, živo skalo, zemljo ali vodo, kar povzroči ali bi lahko povzročilo smrt ali hudo telesno poškodbo ali dejansko škodovalo kakovosti zraka, zemlje, skale, vode ter živalim ali rastlinam;
(b) the unlawful discharge, emission or introduction of a quantity of materials or ionising radiation onto the Earth's surface, into air, bedrock, soil or water, which causes or is likely to cause death or serious injury to any person or substantial damage to the quality of air, soil, rock, water, animals or plants;
(c) nezakonito obdelovanje, vključno z odstranjevanjem in skladiščenjem, transport, izvažanje ali uvažanje odpadkov, vključno z nevarnimi odpadki, kar povzroči ali bi lahko povzročilo smrt ali hudo telesno poškodbo ali dejansko škodo kakovosti zraka, zemlje, vode, živalim ali rastlinam;
(c) the unlawful treatment, including disposal and storage, transport, export or import of waste, including hazardous waste, which causes or is likely to cause death or serious injury to any person or substantial damage to the quality of air, soil, water, animals or plants;
(c) nezakonito obdelovanje, vključno z odstranjevanjem in skladiščenjem, transport, izvažanje ali uvažanje odpadkov, vključno z nevarnimi odpadki, kar povzroči ali bi lahko povzročilo smrt ali hudo telesno poškodbo ali dejansko škodo kakovosti zraka, žive skale, zemlje, vode, živalim ali rastlinam;
(c) the unlawful treatment, including disposal and storage, transport, export or import of waste, including hazardous waste, which causes or is likely to cause death or serious injury to any person or substantial damage to the quality of air, bedrock, soil, water, animals or plants;
(d) nezakonito upravljanje obrata, v katerem se opravlja nevarna dejavnost ali se v njem skladiščijo ali uporabljajo nevarne snovi ali pripravki, kar izven obrata povzroči ali bi lahko povzročilo smrt ali hudo telesno poškodbo ali dejansko škodo kakovosti zraka, zemlje, vode, živalim ali rastlinam;
(d) the unlawful operation of a plant in which a dangerous activity is carried out or in which dangerous substances or preparations are stored or used and which, outside the plant, causes or is likely to cause death or serious injury to any person or substantial damage to the quality of air, soil, water, animals or plants;
(d) nepravilno delovanje, napake pri delovanju zaradi protipravnega dejanja, malomarnost, nepazljivost, odsotnost presoje ali slabo vzdrževanje ali nezakonito upravljanje obrata, v katerem se opravlja nevarna dejavnost ali se v njem skladiščijo ali uporabljajo nevarne snovi ali pripravki, kar izven obrata povzroči ali bi lahko povzročilo smrt ali hudo telesno poškodbo ali dejansko škodo kakovosti zraka, zemlje, vode, živalim ali rastlinam;
(d) the irregular operation, the malfunctioning due to a wrongful act, negligence, carelessness, lack of judgment or poor maintenance or the unlawful operation of a plant in which a dangerous activity is carried out or in which dangerous substances or preparations are stored or used and which, outside the plant, causes or is likely to cause death or serious injury to any person or substantial damage to the quality of air, soil, water, animals or plants;
(f) nezakonita izdelava, obdelovanje, skladiščenje, uporaba, transport, izvažanje ali uvažanje jedrskih snovi ali drugih nevarnih radioaktivnih snovi, kar povzroči ali bi lahko povzročilo smrt ali hudo telesno poškodbo ali dejansko škodo kakovosti zraka, zemlje, vode, živalim ali rastlinam;
(f) the unlawful manufacture, treatment, storage, use, transport, export or import of nuclear materials or other hazardous radioactive substances which causes or is likely to cause death or serious injury to any person or substantial damage to the quality of air, soil, water, animals or plants;
(f) nezakonita izdelava, obdelovanje, skladiščenje, uporaba, transport, prodaja in distribucija ter izvažanje ali uvažanje jedrskih snovi ali drugih nevarnih radioaktivnih snovi, kar povzroči ali bi lahko povzročilo smrt ali hudo telesno poškodbo ali dejansko škodo kakovosti zraka, žive skale, zemlje in vode ter živalim ali rastlinam;
(f) the unlawful manufacture, treatment, storage, use, transport, sale and distribution and export or import of nuclear materials or other hazardous radioactive substances which causes or is likely to cause death or serious injury to any person or substantial damage to the quality of air, bedrock, soil, water, animals or plants;
(h) nezakonito bistveno poslabšanje zaščitenega habitata;
(h) the unlawful significant deterioration of a protected habitat;
(h) ravnanje, ki povzroči bistveno poslabšanje zaščitenega habitata, med drugim zaradi gradbenih del, odstranjevanja kamnov, krčenja gozdov, krčenja ali sajenja rastlin ali požigov;
(h) any conduct which causes significant deterioration of a protected habitat , including through building work, stone clearance, deforestation, grubbing and planting work, and arson ;
(ia) izdelava, obdelovanje, skladiščenje, uporaba, transport, izvažanje ali uvažanje;
(ia) the manufacture, treatment, storage, use, transport, export or import of:
- gensko spremenjenih organizmov, njihova izločitev v okolje, njihovo trženje in nerazkritje novih dokazov o tveganjih, ki jih povzročajo;
- genetically modified organisms, the release thereof into the environment, the marketing of such organisms and the failure to disclose new evidence of their risks,
- eksplozivnih snovi za civilno uporabo;
- explosives for civil use,
- pirotehničnih snovi,
- pyrotechnical materials,
- kemičnih snovi,
- chemical substances,
- biocidov in sredstev za zaščito rastlin,
- biocides and plant protection products,
kar povzroči ali bi lahko povzročilo smrt ali hudo telesno poškodbo ali dejansko škodo kakovosti zraka, zemlje in vode ter živalim ali rastlinam;
which causes or is likely to cause death or serious injury to any person or substantial damage to the quality of air, soil, water, animals or plants.
(ib) uvažanje in izvažanje nezakonito pridobljenega lesa ali biomase;
(ib) the import and export of illegally harvested timber or biomass;
(ic) posedovanje ali uporaba pomorskih prevoznih sredstev, ki znanstveno dokazano škodujejo okolju (med drugim starih plovil z enojnim trupom)
(ic) the possession or putting into circulation of means of sea transport that have a scientifically proven severe adverse impact on the environment (inter alia the possession or putting into circulation of 'rustbucket' single-hull vessels).
Države članice zagotovijo, da se udeležba ali napeljevanje k dejanjem iz člena 3 štejeta za kaznivo dejanje.
Member States shall ensure that participation in or instigation of the conduct referred to in Article 3 constitutes a criminal offence.
Države članice zagotovijo, da se udeležba ali napeljevanje k dejanjem iz člena 3 štejeta za kaznivo dejanje , ali na splošno zagotovijo, da se ravnanje, ki je zaradi dejanja ali neukrepanja povzročilo škodo ali bi lahko povzročilo hudo okoljsko škodo, prav tako obravnava kot kaznivo dejanje.
Member States shall ensure that participation in or instigation of the conduct referred to in Article 3 is deemed to be a criminal offence and shall ensure, in general, that behaviour which, by action or omission, damages or may result in serious damage to the environment also constitutes a criminal offence.
Države članice za učinkovito zaščito okolja in v skladu z načeli preprečevanja in varnosti zagotovijo, da za sredstva, povezana s kaznivim dejanjem, ki bi lahko predstavljala tveganje ali povzročila škodo, veljajo resnični previdnosti ukrepi (zaseg).
Member States shall ensure that, with a view to effectively protecting the environment and in accordance with the principles of prevention and precaution, the instruments whereby an offence is committed, either in terms of posing a threat or of causing damage, form the subject of genuine precautionary measures (seizure).
Člen 5, odstavek 5, točka (a)
Article 5, paragraph 5, point (a)
(a) prepoved fizični osebi ali osebam, da opravljajo dejavnost, za katero je potrebno uradno dovoljenje ali soglasje, ali prepoved ustanavljanja, upravljanja ali vodenja družbe, zadruge, združenja ali ustanove, če dejstva, na podlagi katerih je bila proti osebi ali osebam izrečena sodba , kažejo na veliko tveganje, da bi lahko nadaljevala ali nadaljevale z isto vrsto kaznivih dejanj;
(a) the disqualification of a natural person or natural persons from engaging in an activity requiring official authorization or approval, or founding, managing or directing a company , a cooperative, an association or a foundation, where the facts having led to his or their conviction show a high risk that the same kind of criminal activity may be pursued again;
Države članice zagotovijo, da se lahko pravne osebe kaznuje za dejanja iz člena 3, če jih je v njihovo korist storila katera koli oseba, ki je delovala bodisi individualno bodisi kot del organa pravne osebe, ki ima vodilni položaj znotraj pravne osebe, in sicer na podlagi:
Member States shall ensure that legal persons can be held liable for offences referred to in Article 3 where such offences have been committed for their benefit by any person, acting either individually or as part of an organ of the legal person, who has a leading position within the legal person, based on
Države članice zagotovijo, da se lahko pravne osebe, onkraj civilne odgovornosti, kaznuje za dejanja iz člena 3, če jih je v njihovo korist storila katera koli oseba, ki je delovala bodisi individualno bodisi kot del organa pravne osebe, ki ima vodilni položaj znotraj pravne osebe ali je imela tak položaj v času storitve kaznivega dejanja ali v obdobju malomarnega ravnanja , in sicer na podlagi:
Member States shall ensure that legal persons can be held liable – beyond civil liability – for offences referred to in Article 3 where such offences have been committed for their benefit by any person, acting either individually or as part of an organ of the legal person, who has a leading position within the legal person or had such a position at the time when the offence was committed or during the period of the negligence , based on