natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Italijanski sodnik se je zelo dobro zavedal pomena prvega sodnika zakonodaje Skupnosti in le upal, da so kolegi v drugih državah članicah zaznali isto.
One Italian judge claimed to be well aware of the implications of being a first judge of Community law, but only hoped that colleagues in other Member States felt the same way.
Drugi anketiranec je menil, da stranke in odvetniki tega niso nujno izvajali, čeprav je resničnost za sodnike postajala vse očitnejša.
A further respondent considered that, although this reality was becoming increasingly obvious to judges, parties and lawyers were not necessarily following suit.
Avstrijski sodnik, ki je priznal svoje prvotno nasprotovanje zakonodaji Skupnosti, je pripomnil, da je s pogostejšo uporabo zakonodaja postala bolj „samoumevna“.
An Austrian judge who admitted being initially hostile to Community law commented that, the more he applied it, the more "self-evident" it became.
Nemški upravni sodnik je nadalje menil, da je bila vloga „navdušujoča, ampak težka“, ker je zakonodaja Skupnosti še vedno sorazmerno nova ter o njej ni ustreznega usposabljanja in knjižnega gradiva.
A German administrative judge went further to consider that the role was "thrilling but difficult" because Community law was still relatively new and not supported by adequate training and library facilities.
Nemški upravni sodišči sta opozorili na dobro lastnost, da se lahko večina vprašanj v zvezi z zakonodajo Skupnosti takoj pojasni na prvi stopnji in brez številnih pritožb.
Two administrative courts in Germany made the point that it was a good thing that most questions of Community law could be immediately clarified at first instance without multiple appeals.
Obravnava teh točk na višjih nacionalnih sodiščih je učinkovala nasprotno, ker je to zadeve po nepotrebnem zavlačevalo.
It was counter-productive to only consider these points in higher national courts because this dragged cases on unnecessarily.
Francoski sodnik za gospodarske zadeve je navedel, da so bili sodniki na sodišču prve stopnje pogosto na „bojni črti“ zakonodaje Skupnosti in v nasprotju z višjimi nacionalnimi sodišči.
A French commercial judge stated that first instance judges were often on the "front line" of Community law, and often in face of opposition from higher national courts.
Nemškega sodnika je stalno „spremljala“ zakonodaja Skupnosti.
Another German judge was constantly "accompanied" by Community law.
Če ni zavzemala osrednjega položaja ( im Vordergrund ), je bila vedno v njegovih mislih ( im Hinterkopf ).
Whilst, it did not take center stage ( im Vordergrund ), it was however always there at the back of his mind ( im Hinterkopf ).
Francoski sodnik je izjavil, da je treba razviti nekatere odzive, ker mora veliko določb zakonodaje Skupnosti navesti sodnik na lastno pobudo in ne ena od strank.
One French judge stated that certain reflexes had to be developed because a lot of provisions of Community law had to be raised of the judge’s own motion rather than being raised by one of the parties.
Več anketirancev je zlasti omenjalo uporabo instrumentov na področju pravosodnega sodelovanja v civilnih zadevah (člen 61(c) Pogodbe ES), zlasti uredbo Bruselj I, direktivo o pravni pomoči in uredbo o vročanju pisanj
Several respondents specifically referred to their use of instruments in the field of judicial cooperation in civil matters (Article 61(c) EC), in particular the Brussels I Regulation, the Legal Aid Directive and the Regulation on Service of Documents
Sodnik za družinsko pravo se je zlasti zanimal za uporabo uredbe Bruselj II „bis“, ker je evropskim državljanom prinesla jasno „dodano vrednost“.
A family judge was specifically interested in applying the Brussels II "bis" Regulation, as it brought clear ‘added value’ to European citizens.
Eden od sodnikov je menil, da je zakonodaja Skupnosti zlasti ključna na področju varstva potrošnikov, vendar večini nacionalnih kolegov tega ni uspelo doumeti.
One judge considered that Community law was particularly vital in the area of consumer protection, but that most national colleagues failed to perceive this.
Po mnenju dveh sodnikov z različnih vrhovnih sodišč je bilo včasih težko določiti, ali se je doktrina acte clair v dani zadevi uporabila.
According to two judges from different supreme courts, it was sometimes difficult to determine whether the acte clair doctrine applied to a given case.
Najočitnejši razlog za to je bilo to, da je bilo težko potrditi, ali je katero koli nacionalno sodišče v drugi državi članici obravnavalo podobno vprašanje in kakšna je bila njegova odločitev.
The most apparent reason for this was that it was hard to ascertain whether any national court in another Member State had considered a similar issue and what its decision had been.
Pripombe k temu odprtemu vprašanju ali predloge zanj je navedlo 790 anketirancev.
790 respondents offered comments or suggestions on this open question.
Temeljito in stalno usposabljanje na področju evropskega prava med študijem in kariero sodnika je bil najbolj razširjen predlog (51,1 %), v zvezi s tem je bilo navedenih veliko praktičnih pripomb (glej spodaj – oddelek b).
Thorough and continuous training in European law throughout a judge’s studies and career was by far the most popular suggestion (51,1%) and many practical comments were made in that respect (see below – section b).
Naslednji predlog zahteva boljše obveščanje (21,5 %) in predloge o tem, kako zagotoviti dostop do teh informacij.
Second came calls for more or better information (21,5%) and proposals on how to make this information available.
Razširjene so bile tudi zahteve po sprejemanju boljše zakonodaje na ravni Skupnosti (9,4 %).
Calls for better law-making at Community level were widespread (9,4%).
Nazadnje so bile bolj ali manj enako priljubljene štiri kategorije: vprašanje jezikovnega usposabljanja (4,4 %); način, na katerega se mora zakonodaja Skupnosti obravnavati na nacionalni ravni (4,3 %); pozivi Evropi, da dela manj, ampak delo opravlja bolje (4,1 %), ter vprašanja v zvezi s SES in njegovimi sodnimi odločbami (3,7 %).
To conclude, four categories were more or less equally popular: the issue of language training (4,4%), the way in which Community law should be dealt with at national level (4,3%), calls for Europe to do less but to do it better (4,1%) and finally issues concerning the ECJ and its judgments (3,7%).
Graf, ki prikazuje te rezultate, je na koncu poglavja 7.
A chart reflecting these results is to be found on p.44, at the end of section 7.
Velika večina anketirancev v tej kategoriji (75 %) je izrazila podporo obsežnejšemu usposabljanju na področju zakonodaje Skupnosti na vseh ravneh.
An overwhelming majority of respondents in this category (75%) backed an increase in Community law training at all levels.
Najprej je nekaj sodnikov menilo, da mora zakonodaja Skupnosti postati osrednji ali obvezni predmet pri študiju za pridobitev univerzitetnega pravnega naziva, kot to že velja v nekaterih državah članicah.
Firstly, a few judges were of the opinion that Community law should become a core or mandatory course in university law degrees, as is already the case in some Member States.
Francoski sodnik je menil, da zakonodaja Skupnosti včasih ni bila zadostno vključena v nacionalne načrte na področjih, na katerih se je pristojnost Skupnosti obširno izvajala.
A French judge considered that Community law was sometimes not sufficiently integrated into national curricula in areas where Community competence had been widely exercised.
Anketiranci so še bolj vztrajali pri pomenu usposabljanja na področju zakonodaje Skupnosti, zlasti pri postopku predhodnega odločanja, v primeru nacionalnih šol za prihodnje mirovne sodnike in sodnike.
Respondents insisted even more on the importance of Community law training, particularly on the preliminary ruling procedure, when it came to national schools for future magistrates and judges.
Predlogi o poklicnem usposabljanju za sodnike so bili večkrat ponovljeni.
There were several recurrent suggestions on the subject of professional training for practising judges.
Predvsem mora biti usposabljanje za sodnike brezplačno.
First of all, training had to be free of charge for judges.
Eden od sodnikov je menil, da je usposabljanje v javnem interesu in del storitve, ponujene javnosti.
One judge considered that such training was in the public interest, and part of the service offered to the public.
Nemški sodnik na delovnem sodišču je ugotovil, da je bilo veliko povpraševanje po takem usposabljanju, vendar so bila mesta omejena, medtem ko se je od udeležencev pogosto zahteval finančni prispevek.
A German labour court judge found that there was great demand for such courses, but that places were limited and that a financial contribution was often requested from participants.
Drugič, usposabljanje mora biti redno ali celo stalno, pri čemer so nekateri sodniki menili, da bi bilo učinkovito le, če bi bilo obvezno.
Secondly, training had to be regular, or even constant, with some judges considering it would only be effective if it was made mandatory.
Tretjič, splošno usposabljanje na področju zakonodaje Skupnosti naj bi najprej potekalo na nacionalni ravni in čim bližje delovnemu mestu anketiranca.
Thirdly, general training in Community law was sought primarily at national level, and as close as possible to the respondent’s place of work.
Stalno se je tudi povpraševalo po specializiranih programih, vendar je bilo mogoče opaziti tudi prav nasprotno; sodniki so včasih izrazili prošnjo, da se taki programi organizirajo na evropski ravni, na primer v obliki konference z udeleženci iz drugih držav članic.
There was also substantial demand for more specialised courses and here an opposite trend was noticeable, with judges sometimes requesting that such specialised courses be organised at a European level for example in the form of a conference with participants from other Member States.
Četrtič, splošno usposabljanje mora doseči največje mogoče število državnih sodnikov z vseh stopenj sodišča.
Fourthly, general training had to reach the largest possible number of national judges from all court levels.
Nazadnje so številni sodniki usposabljanje navajali kot pomemben dejavnik zaradi motivacijskih razlogov.
Finally training was referred to by several judges as important for motivational reasons.
Zakonodaja Skupnosti je zastrašujoča, zato lahko programi pomagajo odpraviti nekatere dvome v zvezi s tem.
Community law was a daunting body of law, and courses could help overcome certain doubts in this respect.
Veliko predvsem poljskih, madžarskih, slovenskih, bolgarskih, romunskih in nemških sodnikov je zahtevalo, da bi bilo nacionalno usposabljanje bolj praktično in manj teoretično.
A large number of mainly Polish, but also Hungarian, Slovenian, Bulgarian, Romanian and German judges demanded that national training be more practical and less focused on theory.
To bi moralo vključevati študije primerov ali delavnice s strokovnjaki.
This should include case studies or workshops with experts.
Veliko jih je bilo navdušenih nad obiskom institucij EU, zlasti SES.
A substantial number were also keen to visit EU institutions, specifically the ECJ.
Številni anketiranci iz zelo uravnotežene množice držav članic so ugotovili pomembnost programov izmenjave za sodnike v EU.
Numerous respondents from a very balanced array of Member States noted the importance of exchange programmes for judges within the EU.
Najpomembnejši vidik sta bila možnost razprave o zadevah skupnega pomena s sodniki iz drugih držav članic in način, kako obravnavajo podobne težave v različnih pravnih okvirih.
The most important aspect was the opportunity to discuss matters of common concern with judges from other Member States and see how they deal with similar problems in a different judicial context.
Po mnenju nemškega sodnika so bile izmenjave ključne za sodnike, „ki razmišljajo zunaj svojega nacionalnega prostora“ in tako širijo svoja obzorja.
According to a German judge, exchanges were key to judges "thinking outside of their national box", and thus broadening their horizons.
Poleg tega se je več nizozemskih, belgijskih, slovenskih in nemških sodnikov osebno zanimalo za usposabljanja na Sodišču Evropskih skupnosti.
Furthermore, several Dutch, Belgian, Slovenian and German judges were personally interested in traineeships at the ECJ.
Nekoliko razočaranja je bilo prisotnega v zvezi z ugotovljenim pomanjkanjem mest za udeležence v programih izmenjave.
A certain amount of frustration was also expressed in relation to the perceived shortage of places for participants on exchange programmes.
Eden od sodnikov je na primer menil, da lahko sodelujejo le sodniki z ministrstva za pravosodje, medtem ko je drugi sodnik programe izmenjave obravnaval, kot da so namenjeni privilegirani eliti, vendar ni navedel nobenega posebnega razloga.
For example, one judge considered that only judges working in the justice ministry could participate, whereas another judge considered exchange programmes to be reserved for a privileged elite but did not state any particular reason why.
To poglavje vključuje tudi odgovore, ki pozivajo k številnejšim stikom med državnimi sodniki v obliki specializiranih mrež, vendar opozarjajo na pomanjkanje dejanske izmenjave.
This section also incorporates responses which called for more contact between national judges, in the form of specialised networks for example, but falling short of an actual exchange.
Nemški sodnik je poudaril pomen osebnih namesto anonimnih stikov s sodniki iz drugih držav članic.
A German judge highlighted the importance of having a personal, as opposed to an anonymous, connection with judges in other Member States.
Sodnik z vrhovnega sodišča je pripomnil, da so izmenjave stališč med sodniki po vsej EU bistvene predvsem za uporabo doktrine acte clair, ki od državnega sodnika zahteva, da preveri, katere druge rezultate so dosegla nacionalna sodišča in ali je raznolikost doseženih razlagalnih rezultatov ogrozila enotno uporabo zakonodaje Skupnosti.
A judge from a supreme court commented that exchanges of view between judges from all over the EU was even essential in order to apply the acte clair doctrine, which required the national judge to check what other results domestic courts had reached and whether the diversity of interpretive outcomes reached was liable to prejudice the uniform application of Community law.
Italijanski sodnik s sodišča prve stopnje je priporočil spletne forume, ki jih subvencionira EU, za razpravo o vprašanjih splošnega interesa, in poudaril, da je znanje tujih jezikov posameznih sodnikov odločilen dejavnik in včasih ovira za medsebojno povezovanje na nadnacionalni ravni.
One first instance judge from Italy recommended EU subsidisation of online forums to discuss issues of common concern, and also stressed that the foreign language skills of individual judges was a determining factor and sometimes a barrier to entry in such interaction on a transnational level.
Nazadnje je švedski sodnik vztrajal pri programih izmenjave kot načinu za zmanjšanje „strahu“ pred tujo zakonodajo, ki ga včasih doživijo kolegi.
Finally, a Swedish judge insisted on exchange programmes as a way of reducing the “fear” of foreign law sometimes experienced by colleagues.
Take izmenjave kljub temu zahtevajo osebno prizadevanje in celo navdih.
However, such exchanges required personal engagement and even inspiration.
Več nemških sodnikov je navedlo posebne povratne informacije o EJTN.
Several German judges gave specific feedback on EJTN.
Eden od sodnikov se je udeležil izmenjave in bil zlasti navdušen nad odkrivanjem pristopov drugega pravnega sistema ter bil na voljo za nadaljnje pobude.
One judge had participated in an exchange and was particularly enthusiastic about discovering aspects of another legal system and was available for further initiatives.
Druga anketiranca sta bila zadovoljna s ponudbo EJTN, vendar sta menila, da so dostopne možnosti nezadostne in nepoznane državnim sodnikom.
The other two respondents were content with what EJTN offered, but considered that the opportunities available was both insufficient and not well enough known by national judges.
Veliko sodnikov si želi spodbujanja skupne pravne kulture v Evropi, katere sestavni del je zakonodaja Skupnosti.
A substantial number of judges wanted to see more fostering of a common legal culture in Europe of which Community law formed an integral part.
Na primer, francoski sodnik na sodišču prve stopnje za gospodarske zadeve je pripomnil, da se zakonodaja Skupnosti ne sme obravnavati kot področje, namenjeno eliti strokovnjakov, ampak kot del vsakdanjega življenja odvetnikov in sodnikov.
For example, a French first instance commercial judge commented that Community law must not be seen as an area reserved for an elite of specialists, but rather be part of the everyday life of lawyers and judges.
Podobno je nemški upravni sodnik izjavil, da mora zakonodaja Skupnosti postati vsakdanja v zavesti sodnikov in javnosti.
Similarly a German administrative judge stated that Community law had to become natural in the consciousness of judges and the public.
Anketiranci z nemškega finančnega sodišča je poudaril, da ima sodnik dejansko veliko odgovornost glede zakonodaje Skupnosti.
A German respondent from a financial court made the point that in fact the judge had a huge responsibility with regard to Community law.
V primerih, v katerih so bile prizadete pravice državljanov, se lahko opre na različne instrumente Skupnosti; vendar se v primeru kršitve direktive o habitatih
In cases where citizens' rights were affected, they could rely of various Community instruments; but in the case of a breach of the Habitats Directive
Direktiva Sveta 92/43/EGS z dne 21. maja 1992 o ohranjanju naravnih habitatov ter prosto živečih živalskih in rastlinskih vrst, UL L 206, 22.7.1992, str.
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora, OJ L 206, 22.7.1992, p.
7. okolje ne more „zavzemati zase“, zato mora biti sodnik zlasti pozoren.
7. , for example, the environment could not similarly "speak up" and therefore the judge had to be particularly vigilant.
Drugi sodnik je ugotovil, da je treba nacionalne poglede na vlogo sodstva delno zbližati, saj so regionalne razlike zdaj zelo velike.
Another judge found that national views on the role of the judiciary should be to some extent be brought closer together, as regional difference were currently very considerable.
Razpravljalo se je o tem, da je bilo tako prepletanje pri odvetnikih prisotno že dolgo časa.
It was argued that such interpenetration had taken place long ago for lawyers.
Francoski sodnik je dokazoval, da je lahko večja osmoza med državnimi sodišči in sodišči Skupnosti odločilna za oblikovanje skupne pravosodne kulture v Evropi.
A French judge argued that greater osmosis between national and Community courts could be conducive to creating a common judicial culture in Europe.
Vprašanje e-učenja se je občasno pojavljalo v prejetih odgovorih.
The issue of e-learning featured occasionally in the answers received.
Slovenski sodnik je poudaril, da nekateri starejši sodniki ne poznajo novih tehnologij in raje uporabljajo tiskani medij.
One Slovenian judge made the point that some older judges were unfamiliar with new technologies and preferred the printed medium.
Kljub temu več sodnikov internet obravnava kot potencialno uporabno orodje za samoučenje.
Several judges nevertheless saw the internet as a potentially useful tool for self-training.
Prav tako je bilo poudarjeno, da mora to dopolniti medosebni stik med sodniki, in ga ne nadomestiti.
It was also emphasised that this should be complementary to, and not a substitute for, face to face contact between judges.
Več sodnikov je zlasti komentiralo seminarje, ki jih ponuja ERA.
Several judges commented specifically on the seminars offered by ERA.
Mnenje sodnikov je bilo, da so takšni tečaji dobri ali bistveni, vendar je treba obravnavati vprašanje financiranja udeležbe na teh tečajih, kar velja tudi za usposabljanje na splošno.
The feedback was that such courses were either good or essential, but that the question of financing the participation in such courses had to be addressed, which is the same point as that made above in relation to training generally.
Trije sodniki so razpravljali o zamisli o evropski agenciji ali organu, katerega naloga bi bila izvajanje tečajev za usposabljanje na področju zakonodaje Skupnosti na evropski ravni, ki ne bi nadomestil primarne vloge nacionalnih organov.
Three judges mooted the idea of a European agency or body whose task it would be to offer training courses in Community law at European level without replacing the primary role of national authorities.
Portugalski anketiranec je pozval, naj bodo takšni evropski tečaji obvezni, poleg tega je nacionalne organe za usposabljanje pozval, naj kot primer obravnavajo ponujene evropske tečaje.
One Portuguese respondent called for such European courses to be mandatory, and for national training bodies to then take example on the European courses offered.
Sodnik vrhovnega upravnega sodišča meni, da je oblikovanje takšnega organa bistveno, da postane zakonodaja Skupnosti „živa zakonodaja“, ki se uporablja na nacionalni ravni.
One judge from a supreme administrative court considered that the creation of such a body was essential to make Community law into "living law", that is, law which was applied at national level.
Anketiranec je pripomnil, da nacionalni strokovnjaki na področju zakonodaje Skupnosti na upravnih enotah in sodiščih pogosto žal niso tisti, katerih naloga je izvajanje zakonodaje Skupnosti na terenu.
The respondent noted that unfortunately national experts on Community law in administrations and courts were often not the ones brought to apply Community law on the ground.
Francoski sodnik je priporočil, da se preučijo tehnike, ki se uporabljajo za pripravo osnutkov sodb v vsaki državi članici, ter se delno uskladijo.
A French judge recommended that the techniques used for drafting judgments in each Member State should be studied and, to some extent, harmonised.
More information generally
(i) More information generally
Številni sodniki so zahtevali več informacij o zakonodaji Skupnosti.
Many judges called for more information on Community law.
Na splošno prevladuje strah, da ne bodo prejemali ustrezno posodobljenih informacij z določenega področja glede na to, da se zakonodaja Skupnosti zelo hitro razvija.
The general fear was that of not being properly updated in a specific area, given that Community law was a very fast-moving body of law.
Prav tako je nekaj anketirancev poudarilo nevarnost, da bodo sodniki prezasičeni z informacijami, zato so menili, da je treba vzpostaviti ravnovesje med stalnim pomanjkanjem informacij na eni strani in poplavo dokumentov na drugi.
The danger of saturating judges was also highlighted by a few respondents for whom a balance had to be struck between a chronic lack of information on the one hand, and a flood of documents on the other.
Na primer, avstrijski sodnik je menil, da so informacije o zakonodaji Skupnosti, objavljene v internetu, predstavljene na neurejen način, zaradi česar ni jasno, ali je določen dokument najnovejša razpoložljiva ali že zastarela različica.
For instance, an Austrian judge found that information on Community law available on the internet was presented in a disorderly fashion, making it unclear whether a particular document was the latest available version or already obsolete.
Informacije se zahtevajo v maternem jeziku sodnika.
Information was requested in the judge's mother tongue.
Posebne informacije o postopku predhodnega odločanja so bile pogosto omenjene, prav tako tudi informacije o najnovejšem razvoju v zakonodaji Skupnosti ter o razdelitvi pristojnosti med državami članicami in Skupnostjo.
Specific information about the preliminary reference procedure was often mentioned, as were information on latest developments in Community law, and on the division of competences between Member States and Community.