natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Najpogosteje lovijo ribe velikosti od 10 do 25 cm, vendar lahko obvladajo tudi večje živali, ki so dolge do 60 cm in tehtajo do 1 kg.
They most commonly catch fish between 10 and 25 cm long, but can also catch and consume fish up to 60 cm long and 1 kg in weight.
Pri lovu se kormorani potopijo s površine vode navpično navzdol in plen zasledujejo, ga ulovijo s kljunom in prinesejo na površje.
When hunting, cormorants dive from the surface in a straight line and then pursue their prey, which they catch in their beaks and take to the surface.
Glede na to, da živijo v kolonijah, na lov odletijo običajno v velikih skupinah.
As highly colonial birds, cormorants mostly fly to hunting waters in relatively large flocks.
Potem vsaka ptica običajno lovi sama, čeprav pogosto lovijo tudi v skupinah od 25 do več sto ptic, pri čemer ribe najprej obkrožijo, tako da lahko na posameznem vodnem območju v razmeroma kratkem času ulovijo velik delež staleža rib.
Upon arrival they then normally each hunt individually, but often also hunt in groups ranging from 25 to several hundred birds, which first surround the fish, with the result that in some waters they are able to consume a high percentage of the fish population in a relatively short time.
Ker kormorani kot velike ptice z dolgo življenjsko dobo začnejo gnezditi šele, ko so stari od 3 do 5 let, je njihova skupna populacija v Evropi približno (najmanj) od 1,7 do 1,8 milijona ptic
As cormorants are large, long-lived birds, which start to breed only at the age of three to five years, the total population in Europe is probably around (at least) 1.7 to 1.8 million birds
Podatki veljajo za tri evropske podvrste Ph. carbo carbo (Norveška, Britansko otočje, zahodna Francija: znatno povečanje s 30 000 na 39 000 parov, ki se parijo), zahodnoevropska populacija Ph. carbo sinensis (povečanje s 5 000 na 136 000 parov, ki se parijo) in vzhodnoevropska populacija sinensis (glavna območja razširjenosti so območje ob Donavi, Črno morje, Ukrajina: povečanje s 5 000 na 113 000 parov, ki se parijo).
The figures relate to the three European subpopulations Ph. carbo carbo (Norway, British Isles, Western France: moderate increase from 30 000 to 39 000 breeding pairs), West European Ph. carbo sinensis (increase from 5000 to 136 000 breeding pairs) and East European Ph. carbo sinensis (main areas: the Danube, Black Sea, Ukraine: increase from 5000 to 113 000 breeding pairs).
Praviloma se lahko za oceno skupne populacije uporablja formula „število ptic, ki se parijo, x faktor 2,8“ (Suter 1995).
As a rule of thumb for the estimation of the total population, the following formula can be used: 'number of breeding birds x factor 2.8' (Suter 1995).
Podoben obseg je ugotovljen tudi v primeru ocene generacij, ki se ne parijo. .
A similar order of magnitude also results when the non-breeding age cohorts are estimated. .
Tudi zaradi direktive o ohranjanju prosto živečih ptic (79/409/EGS), ki je bila sprejeta leta 1979, in njenih ukrepov za ohranjanje njihovih gnezditvenih območij se je populacija kormoranov nesorazmerno povečala in se naselila na območjih, ki znatno presegajo njihovo običajno gnezditveno območje in kjer jih prej ni bilo.
The Wild Birds Directive (79/409/EEC) of 1979 and the measures based on it to protect their breeding sites are among the instruments which have led to a disproportionate growth in the cormorant population, and the birds have now also taken up residence far outside their traditional breeding grounds in regions where they used never to occur.
Bistveno preveliko število teh živali je na številnih območjih Evropske unije začelo neposredno vplivati na lokalne staleže rib in ribištvo, tako da je prisotnost kormoranov postala težava v celotni Evropi.
This large population has had a direct impact on local fish populations and on fishing in many areas of the European Union, so that the presence of cormorants has become a problem throughout Europe.
Na težavo, povezano s staleži rib v evropskih obalnih in celinskih vodah, kaže dejstvo, da kormorani pri dnevnem vnosu 400-600 g rib zaužijejo na leto več kot 300 000 t rib iz evropskih voda.
In order to illustrate the problem of fish stocks in coastal and inland waters, it should be pointed out that, with a daily consumption of 400-600 g fish, cormorants take more than 300 000 tonnes of fish from European waters every year.
V veliko državah članicah ta količina večkrat presega proizvodnjo poklicnega ribolova v celinskih vodah in ribogojstva konzumnih rib.
In many Member States this is many times more than the volume of edible fish produced by professional inland fishermen and fish farmers.
To pomeni, da količina 300 000 t na primer presega skupno proizvodnjo gojenih rib v Franciji, Španiji, Italiji, Nemčiji, na Madžarskem in Češkem.
This figure of 300 000 tonnes is more, for example, than the combined fish production from aquaculture of France, Spain, Italy, Germany, Hungary and the Czech Republic.
Posebej zaskrbljujoče je zmanjšanje staležev ogroženih vrst rib, kot so jegulje, lipani, podusti in druge ikrnice, in dveletnih lososov (smolts).
Particularly serious are the losses suffered by fish species which are already endangered, such as eel, grayling, nase and other species which spawn on gravel beds, as well as smolts.
Poleg tega je ogrožen ribolov z mrežami, in sicer ne le zaradi manjših ribolovnih možnosti, ampak tudi neposredne škode zaradi uničenih mrež.
Fishing with nets is also affected not only by the reduced catch opportunities, but also by direct damage due to torn nets.
Doslej še ni prišlo do usklajevanja takšnih ukrepov na ravni EU oz. usklajevanja nacionalnih pravnih podlag na tem področju.
So far there has not been any EU-wide coordination of such measures and/or harmonisation of national legal bases in this field.
Dva od projektov
www.frap-project.net and
glej www.frap-project.net in www.intercafeproject.net: program INTERCAFE se financira v okviru programa COST kot program, ki nadaljuje program REDCAFE, in bi se moral predvidoma zaključiti v jeseni 2008. , ki jih v 5. okvirnem programu za raziskave in razvoj financira Evropska komisija, in sicer FRAP (zaključen leta 2006) in REDCAFE (zaključen leta 2005), sta se med drugim ukvarjala z navzkrižjem interesov med ribogojstvom in zaščito ptic v primeru kormoranov, pri čemer sta prišla do različnih sklepov.
www.intercafeproject.net : INTERCAFE, financed under the COST programme as a follow-up to REDCAFE, is expected to be completed in autumn 2008. , FRAP (completed in 2006) and REDCAFE (completed in 2005), dealt inter alia with the conflict of interests between fish farming and the protection of birds in the case of cormorants, on which they reached differing conclusions.
Na mednarodni ravni je razprava o kormoranih potekala že leta 1994 na srečanju znanstvenega sveta bonske konvencije
At international level, the issue of cormorants was discussed as long ago as in 1994 at the meeting of the CMS Scientific Council
Glej resolucijo EP B4-0138/96 in sklepe Sveta za ribištvo z dne 28.1.2003. .
EP resolution B4-0138/96 and the Conclusions of the Fisheries Council of 28 January 2003. .
Konkretne zahteve po evropskem načrtu za upravljanje populacije kormoranov so bile pred kratkim podane na bonski konferenci EIFAC
Recently, in November 2007, the Bonn Conference of EIFAC
Tudi svetovalni odbor za ribolov in ribogojstvo (ACFA – Advisory Committee on Fisheries and Aquaculture) se je večkrat izrekel za takšen načrt
A majority of members of the AFCA (Advisory Committee on Fisheries and Aquaculture) have likewise expressed themselves in favour of such a plan
Sedanji ukrepi v posameznih državah članicah večinoma omogočajo le preprečevanje dostopa kormoranov do določenih voda ali odganjanje kormoranov, kar pomeni, da se jih usmeri k drugim vodam, kjer je nevarnost škode manjša.
The measures permitted hitherto in individual Member States nearly all have the aim only of keeping cormorants away from certain waters or scaring them away, i.e. diverting them to other waters where the danger of damage is less.
Od mnogih načinov je pri intenzivnem gojenju rib v ribnikih uveljavljena predvsem električna zaščita manjših ribnikov.
Of the numerous methods employed, the one which has proved most effective in intensive farming in ponds has been suspending physical barriers above the ponds.
V primeru velikih ribnikov in voda, v katerih ribe živijo prosto in pri katerih električna zaščita ni izvedljiva, so bili najuspešnejši ukrepi, pri katerih so plašenje dopolnjevali posamezni odstreli.
In the case of larger ponds and open waters, where this is not a practicable option, measures were most effective if the scaring effect was reinforced by shooting individual birds
Zvezna dežela Bavarska je odobrila odstrel približno 23 000 kormoranov od leta 1996 do leta 2002, Francija pa približno 30 000 v obdobju 2003–2004, kar pa ni bistveno vplivalo na število kormoranov, ki so prezimili na zadevnem območju.
Between 1996 and 2002 the State of Bavaria approved the shooting of some 23 000 cormorants; France approved the shooting of some 30 000 in 2003-2004, without any significant impact on the number of cormorants wintering in the region. .
Vendar je učinkovitost vseh načinov odganjanja, če ne upoštevamo velikih stroškov, omejena, saj so uspešni le, kadar je skupno število ptic na posameznem območju razmeroma majhno, tako da lahko te živali dobijo dovolj hrane na drugih bližnjih vodnih območjih.
Quite apart from the considerable expense, however, the effectiveness of all methods of scaring is limited because they only work if the total number of birds in the region is relatively small, so that they can find enough food in other nearby waters.
Ukrepi in posegi v gnezditvene kolonije so dovoljeni le v nekaterih državah članicah in le v posameznih primerih, razen na Danskem.
So far, measures and interventions in breeding colonies have only been permitted in a few Member States, and even there – with the exception of Denmark – only in a few individual cases.
K trajnostnemu omejevanju širjenja kormoranov je do zdaj prispevalo le zmanjševanje vališč.
So far, reducing the number of breeding sites has been the only factor which succeeded in bringing about a lasting reduction in the distribution of cormorants.
Drugih ukrepov, kot so uničevanje gnezdišč, vznemirjanje med obdobjem gnezdenja ali pršenje jajc z oljem, ni bilo možno sistematično uporabljati, ker so časovno ali stroškovno prezahtevni ali politično sporni.
Other available measures, such as destroying nesting places, disturbing birds during the breeding season or spraying the eggs with oil, have for various reasons proved too labour- or cost-intensive or politically controversial to be used systematically.
Pravni položaj
Legal situation
Kormorani so naravno prisotna vrsta ptic, zato jih zajema Direktiva Sveta 79/409/EGS z dne 2. aprila 1979 o ohranjanju prosto živečih ptic
The cormorant is a naturally occurring bird genus and as such covered by Council Directive 79/409/EEC of 2 April 1979 on the conservation of wild birds
Objavljeno v UL C 103, 25.4.1979. .
OJ C 103, 25.4.1979. .
V nasprotju s podvrsto Phalacrocorax carbo carbo (kormoran atlantske podvrste), ki ni bila nikoli ogrožena, je bila podvrsta Ph. carbo sinensis (kormoran kontinentalne podvrste) prvotno vključena na seznam vrst ptic iz priloge I, za katere veljajo posebni ukrepi za ohranitev.
Unlike the subspecies Phalacrocorax carbo carbo ( ‘ Atlantic cormorant ’ ) , which has never been endangered, the subspecies Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis was originally listed in Annex I as a bird species to which special conservation measures applied.
Vendar je bila leta 1997 s seznama izključena, ker njeno ohranitveno stanje od leta 1995 ni več neugodno.
However, in 1997 it was deleted from this list, as the state of the population had ceased to be unfavourable in 1995 at the latest.
Ker kormoran ni vključen na seznam vrst, ki se jih sme loviti, iz direktive o ohranjanju prosto živečih ptic (priloga II.1 in II.2), reden lov ni možen.
As the cormorant is not included in the lists of species whose hunting is permitted by the Wild Birds Directive (Annexes II.1 and II.2), regular hunting is impossible.
Tako kot vse druge naravno prisotne vrste je tudi ta vrsta ptic praviloma absolutno zaščitena, saj je prepovedano namerno ujetje ali ubitje, namerno poškodovanje ali uničenje gnezd in jajc ter namerno vznemirjanje, zlasti v času razmnoževanja.
Like all other naturally occurring species, the genus as a rule enjoys virtually complete protection, for example as a result of the ban on deliberately trapping or killing them, deliberately damaging or destroying their nests or eggs, or deliberately disturbing them, particularly during the breeding season.
Vendar lahko države članice v skladu z direktivo o ohranjanju prosto živečih ptic
However, under the Wild Birds Directive
Takšno odstopanje se lahko odobri le na podlagi utemeljenih dokazov, da obstaja nevarnost 'resne škode'
In order for such a derogation to be permitted, however, clear proof must be provided that there is a danger of ‘serious damage’
Predložitev znanstvenih dokazov se v primeru povzročene škode pogostokrat zahteva, vendar v vsakem posamičnem primeru ni vedno nujna, sploh pa ne takrat, ko je škoda že povzročena.
While production of 'scientific proof' of damage having occurred is often and keenly called for, it is not needed in every individual case and certainly not where damage has already occurred.
Po direktivi bi za nevarnost resne škode zadostovali že verodostojni kazalniki.
Under the terms of the Directive it would be sufficient to have plausible indicators that the danger of serious damage existed.
Sicer pa je presoja obrazložitev prepuščena pristojnim uradom. .
However, it would be for the competent authorities to judge the validity of the case. .
Če prepričljivi dokazi o škodi na ribolovnih območjih ter prosto živečih rastlinah in živalih, ki bi utemeljevali odstopanje, ne bi obstajali, bi bili takšni ukrepi v nasprotju z direktivo o ohranjanju prosto živečih ptic.
In the absence of conclusive evidence of damage to fishing grounds and to wild fauna and flora which would justify a derogation, such actions would violate the Wild Birds Directive.
Pojem 'resna škoda', ki jo povzroči vrsta ptice, se v praksi različno razlaga, zato ga je treba jasneje opredeliti.
In practice it seems that the concept of ‘serious damage’ caused by a bird species is interpreted in different ways, and a clearer definition of it is therefore required.
Glede na to so za odobritev lokalnih ali regionalnih ukrepov za omejitev škode, ki jo povzročajo kormorani, pristojne države članice ali njihove dežele in regije.
Member States or their Länder and regions are therefore responsible for approving local or regional measures to reduce damage by cormorants.
V zadnjih letih so bili sprejeti različni časovno ali prostorsko omejeni ukrepi: na primer dovoljenja za lov za posamezna območja (Švedska, Poljska, Italija, Danska, Nemčija, Avstrija), za posamezna obdobja (Romunija, Estonija) ali za posamezne kvote (Francija, Združeno kraljestvo, Slovenija), kot tudi dovoljenja za poseg v vgnezditvene kolonije (sečnja dreves za gnezdenje, sterilizacija jajc).
In recent years there have been various examples restricted in space or time: e.g. shooting permits for certain areas (Sweden, Poland, Italy, Denmark, Germany, Austria), for certain periods (Romania, Estonia) or for fixed quotas (France, United Kingdom, Slovenia); in particular cases approval has also been granted for intervention in breeding colonies (felling of nesting trees, rendering eggs infertile).
Čeprav so na tem področju pristojne predvsem države članice in njim podrejene strukture, poročevalec meni, da z izključno lokalnimi in/ali nacionalnimi ukrepi ni možno trajnostno zmanjšati vpliva kormoranov na evropske staleže rib in ribištvo.
The rapporteur considers that, although primary responsibility in this field rests with Member States and their regional or local authorities, it has already been demonstrated that purely local and/or national measures are not capable of reducing for any length of time the impact of cormorants on European fish stocks and fishing.
Zato skupni pravno zavezujoči pristop, ki bi bil sprejet in bi se izvajal v celotni EU, ne bi bil le zaželen, ampak nujno potreben, poleg tega bi vsem zadevnim zainteresiranim strankam zagotavljal večjo pravno varnost.
A common, legally binding approach which is accepted and applied throughout Europe would therefore not only be desirable but absolutely essential, and would also have the advantage of creating greater legal certainty for all interest groups concerned.
Usklajen vseevropski akcijski načrt ali načrt upravljanja je tudi zaradi velike mobilnosti teh ptic selivk edini ciljno usmerjeni pristop, ki ne more biti v nasprotju s cilji direktive o ohranjanju prosto živečih ptic iz leta 1979.
Bearing in mind also the very considerable mobility of the cormorant as a migratory bird, a coordinated action plan or management plan for the whole of Europe seems the only effective approach, and this need not by any means be regarded as contrary to the aims of the Wild Birds Directive of 1979.
Takšen načrt bi namreč zagotavljal izpolnjevanje glavnih ciljev varstva iz te direktive, zlasti „dobrega ohranitvenega stanja“ te vrste ptic.
Such a plan would, after all, naturally guarantee the central conservation aims of the Directive, particularly the ‘good conservation status’ of the genus.
Namen ni le uravnati populacijo kormoranov, ampak uravnovesiti različne, vendar povsem upravičene cilje za trajnostno izkoriščanje staležev rib: varstvo ptic ter ohranjanje raznolike združbe ptic in rib na eni strani in upravičene interese ribičev in ribogojcev glede gospodarnega izkoriščanja staležev rib na drugi strani.
The aim is not to regulate the cormorant population as an end in itself but to strike a balance between different but perfectly legitimate aims, in the interests of the sustainable use of fish stocks: bird conservation and maintenance of diverse bird and fish fauna on the one hand, and the legitimate interest of fishermen and fish farmers in the economic use of fish stocks on the other.
Zato so potrebni tudi najnovejši in zanesljivi podatki o dejanskih populacijah kormoranov, ker so zdaj dostopni podatki zelo različni in pogosto povezani tudi z različnimi vidiki (podvrste, različne geografske razmejitve, populacije, ki gnezdijo, itd.).
To this end, up-to-date, reliable data on the actual cormorant populations are also needed, as the figures available so far not only seriously contradict one another, but are often based on differing criteria (sub-species, different geographical demarcations, breeding populations, etc.).
o položaju žensk na Balkanu
on the situation of women in the Balkans
– ob upoštevanju členov 6 in 49 Pogodbe o Evropski uniji,
– having regard to Articles 6 and 49 of the Treaty on European Union,
– ob upoštevanju Listine Evropske unije o temeljnih pravicah,
– having regard to the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union,
– ob upoštevanju konvencije o odpravi vseh oblik diskriminacije žensk, ki jo je leta 1979 sprejela generalna skupščina Združenih narodov,
– having regard to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1979,
– ob upoštevanju resolucije varnostnega sveta Združenih narodov 1325 (2000) o ženskah, miru in varnosti,
– having regard to the UN Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000) on women, peace, and security,
– ob upoštevanju dela, ki ga je opravila dunajska konferenca o človekovih pravicah (1993), ki je potrdila človekove pravice in obsodila kršenje teh pravic v imenu kulture ali tradicije,
– having regard to the work of the Vienna Conference on Human Rights (1993), which affirmed human rights and condemned the violation of these rights in the name of culture or tradition,
– ob upoštevanju bruseljske deklaracije o preprečevanju trgovine z ljudmi in boju proti njej, ki je bila sprejeta 20. septembra 2002,
– having regard to the Brussels Declaration on Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Human Beings adopted on 20 September 2002,
– ob upoštevanju poročil Komisije iz leta 2007 o napredku držav kandidatk in potencialnih kandidatk,
– having regard to the Commission 2007 Progress Reports on the Candidate and Potential Candidate countries,
– ob upoštevanju sporočila Komisije z dne 25. oktobra 2007 z naslovom Korak k odzivu EU na primere ranljivosti – zavzemanje za trajnostni razvoj, stabilnost in mir v težkih razmerah ( KOM(2007)0643 ),
– having regard to the Commission communication of 25 October 2007 entitled: Towards an EU response to situations of fragility – engaging in difficult environments for sustainable development, stability and peace ( COM(2007)0643 ),
– ob upoštevanju sporočila Komisije z dne 5. marca 2008 z naslovom Zahodni Balkan: okrepitev evropske perspektive ( KOM(2008)0127 ),
– having regard to the Commission communication of 5 March 2008 entitled: Western Balkans: Enhancing the European perspective ( COM(2008)0127 ),
– ob upoštevanju dejavnosti in poročila o napredku delovne skupine za enakost spolov, ki deluje v okviru Pakta stabilnosti za Jugovzhodno Evropo (2004),
– having regard to the activities and the progress report of the Gender Task Force operational under the Stability Pact for South-Eastern Europe (2004),
– ob upoštevanju študije z naslovom Položaj žensk v balkanskih državah: primerjalna perspektiva, ki jo je v imenu Evropskega parlamenta opravila Marina Blagojević (Beograd, februar 2003),
– having regard to the study: Women's Situation in the Balkan Countries: comparative perspective, undertaken by Ms Marina Blagojević on behalf of the European Parliament (Belgrade, February 2003),
– ob upoštevanju svoje resolucije z dne 22. januarja 2004 o ženskah v jugovzhodni Evropi
– having regard to its resolution of 22 April 2004 on Women in South-East Europe
– ob upoštevanju svoje resolucije z dne 6 julija 2005 o vlogi žensk v Turčiji v družbenem, gospodarskem in političnem življenju
– having regard to its resolution of 6 July 2005 on the role of women in Turkey in social, economic and political life
C 157E, 6.7.2006, str.
C 157E, 6.7.2006, p.
385. in resolucije z dne 13. februarja 2007 o vlogi žensk v družbenem, gospodarskem in političnem življenju v Turčiji
385 and its resolution of 13 February 2007 on women’s role in social, economic and political life in Turkey
UL C 287E, 29.11.2007, str.174. ,
OJ C 287E, 29.11.2007, p.174 ,
– ob upoštevanju svoje resolucije z dne 1. junija 2006 o položaju romskih žensk v Evropski uniji
– having regard to its resolution of 1 June 2006 on the situation of Roma women in the European Union
UL C 298E, 8.12.2006, str.
OJ C 298E, 8.12.2006, p.283. ,
– ob upoštevanju poročila Odbora žensk za pravice žensk in enakost spolov ( A6-0435/2008 ),
– having regard to the report of the Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality ( A6‑0435/2008 ),
2. z zaskrbljenostjo ugotavlja, da zakoni in prakse glede enakosti spolov (institucionalni, finančni, človekovi) niso v celoti zagotovljeni, čeprav je razlika med državami, ki so začele s pristopnimi pogajanji, in tistimi, ki niso;
Notes with anxiety that gender equality laws and practices (institutional, financial, human) are not fully guaranteed although there is a difference between countries which have started accession negotiations and those which have not;
7. poudarja pomen izobraževanja pri odpravljanju stereotipov, povezanih z vzorniki za družbene vloge žensk in moških, ter kulturnih stereotipov, pa tudi to, da izobraževalni sistem ne bi smel spodbujati stereotipnih vzorcev, tudi pri izbiri poklica;
Underlines the importance of education in eliminating stereotypes relating to the social roles of both women and men and cultural stereotypes and the fact that the education system itself should not promote stereotypical patterns, including in career choices;