natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
63. se zaveda, da so romske skupnosti izredno heterogene skupine, kar pomeni, da ena sama strategija ni možna; zato priporoča, da lokalne in regionalne oblasti držav članic predlagajo učinkovite politike vključevanja, ki bi se morale razlikovati glede na različna ozadja (geografsko, gospodarsko, družbeno, kulturno); priporoča, da Komisija uporabi izkušnje, ki so jih pridobile oblasti, ki so dejavno prispevale k vključevanju romskih skupnosti, in spodbuja uporabo najboljših praks in receptov za uspeh, da se doseže njihova družbena vključitev;
Recognises that Roma communities are extremely heterogeneous groups, with the consequence that there can be no single strategy; recommends therefore that the local and regional authorities of the Member States propose effective integration policies that should differ according to their specific backgrounds (geographical, economic, social, cultural); recommends that the Commission make use of the experience acquired by those authorities which have actively contributed to the integration of Roma communities and encourages the use of best practices and recipes for success, with a view to achieving their social inclusion;
65. poziva Komisijo in Svet, naj v kar največji meri uporabita programe znotraj cilja evropskega teritorialnega sodelovanja, kot so programi za čezmejno sodelovanje, programi nadnacionalnega sodelovanja in programi za sodelovanje med regijami, in naj izkoristita možnosti, ki jih ponuja evropsko združenje za teritorialno sodelovanje;
Calls on the Commission and the Council to make maximum use of the programmes within the European Territorial Cooperation objective, such as cross-border cooperation programmes, transnational cooperation programmes and interregional cooperation programmes, and to exploit the possibilities provided by the European Grouping for Territorial Cooperation;
68. poziva Komisijo in Svet, naj vključita spodbujanje enakosti med spoloma in odpravljanje večplastnega razlikovanja in razlikovanja iz več razlogov med cilje strategije za Rome;
Calls on the Commission and the Council to include the promotion of gender equality among the objectives of the Strategy as well as combating multiple and intersectional discrimination;
71. poziva Komisijo, naj omogoči potrebno tehnično podporo za izboljšanje upravnih zmogljivosti organov, ki so povezani z upravljanjem strukturnih skladov, države članice pa poziva, naj zagotovijo svetovanje in upravno podporo, na primer z organizacijo izobraževanja in pomočjo pri zahtevkih in obrazložitvah za pomoč, da bi Romom olajšale pridobivanje informacij o evropskih in nacionalnih programih financiranja za podporo podjetništvu in zaposlovanju ter da bi lažje vlagali ustrezne zahtevke;
Calls on the Commission to offer the technical support needed to improve the administrative capacities of bodies involved in the administration of the Structural Funds, and calls on the Member States to provide advice and administrative assistance, e.g. by organising training and by helping with aid applications and explanations, to make it easier for Roma to obtain information concerning European and national funding programmes in support of entrepreneurship and employment and to submit the relevant applications;
73. meni, da se Romom lahko zagotovi boljša prihodnost s pomočjo izobraževanja in da je zato nujno treba vlagati v izobraževanje romskih otrok in romske mladine; poudarja, da je šolanje pravica, vendar tudi dolžnost, in izraža podporo dejavnostim za boljši obisk romskih učencev v šolah, med drugim z dejavnim sodelovanjem njihovih družin;
Believes that a better future for the Roma people can be ensured through education and that investing in the education of Roma children and youth is therefore essential; emphasises that schooling is not only a right but also a duty and expresses its support for activities aimed at enhancing the participation of Roma students in schools, including via the active involvement of their families;
77. meni, da je treba razviti nove oblike programov štipendiranja, da se zagotovi največja kakovost izobraževanja za romske študente, s tem pa vzgojo nove generacije romskih voditeljev;
Takes the view that a new type of scholarship programme should be developed to ensure the highest-quality instruction for Roma students in order to educate a new generation of Roma leaders;
80. poziva Komisijo in države članice, naj se borijo proti vsem oblikam izključenosti Romov iz družbe in izobraževanja ter spodbujajo vse programe, ki vlagajo v izobraževanje Romov;
Calls on the Commission and the Member States to combat every form of social and educational exclusion of the Roma and to encourage all programmes that invest in education for Roma people;
85. izraža zaskrbljenost zaradi visoke stopnje nepismenosti med Romi in meni, da je nujno, da se načrtujejo in razvijejo programi za zagotovitev kakovostnega osnovnega, srednjega in visokega šolstva za romska dekleta in ženske, vključno s strategijami za olajšanje njihovega prehoda iz osnovne v srednjo šolo ob spodbujanju, v okviru celotnega procesa, razumevanja romske kulture, zgodovine in vrednot tako med Romi kot neromskim prebivalstvom;
Expresses its concern at the high rate of illiteracy among the Roma people and deems it essential that programmes are designed and developed which ensure quality primary, secondary and tertiary education for Roma girls and women, including strategies to facilitate their transition from primary to secondary school and promote, throughout the whole process, greater understanding of Roma cultural heritage, history and values among Roma and non-Roma people;
90. poudarja pomen mobilnosti, vseživljenjskega učenja, poklicnega usposabljanja in programov nadaljnjega usposabljanja za zagotovitev vključevanja romske mladine in odraslih v družbo ter izboljšanje njihovih možnosti za vstop na trg dela;
Stresses the importance of mobility, lifelong learning, vocational training and continuing training programmes with a view to ensuring the inclusion of young people and adults from Roma communities and enhancing their potential to enter the employment market;
93. poziva Komisijo, naj za programe in projekte, ki se izvajajo v državah članicah, razvije in vpelje skupne sisteme spremljanja, v katerih bodo sodelovale institucije EU, države članice in voditelji romskih skupnosti;
Calls on the Commission to develop and implement joint monitoring systems involving the EU institutions, the Member States and Roma community leaders, in respect of the programmes and projects put into practice within the Member States;
95. meni, da bi si morali Romi prizadevati za to, da bi se seznanili z običaji in kulturo ljudi, med katerimi živijo, s čimer bi olajšali lastno družbeno vključevanje v krajih, kjer prebivajo;
Takes the view that the Roma should make an educational effort to learn about the customs and culture of the peoples with whom they live, thereby facilitating their better integration in the places in which they live;
97. poziva Komisijo, naj se zavzema za uporabo primerov dobre prakse ter pozitivnih vzorcev in izkušenj, ki izhajajo iz programov, ki se izvajajo, pa tudi lastnih pobud Romov, da se izboljša sprejem in ugled Romov v neromskih skupnostih ter spodbudi dejavna udeležba in ustvarjalno sodelovanje romskih skupnosti z EU, državami članicami in lokalnimi programi;
Calls on the Commission to promote best practices and positive models and experiences arising from implemented programmes and Roma self-initiatives, with a view to improving the perception and image of Roma within non-Roma communities and boosting active participation by Roma communities and creative collaboration between those communities and the EU, the Member States and local programmes;
Prenašanje prikrajšanosti iz roda v rod in getoizacija revščine
Hereditary deprivation and the ghettoisation of poverty
V osrednji in jugovzhodni Evropi, kjer živi velika večina evropskih Romov, se je narava revščine v zadnjih dveh desetletjih dramatično spremenila.
The nature of poverty has changed dramatically in the past two decades in Central and Southeast Europe where the majority of European Roma live.
Zaradi zaprtosti planskega gospodarstva, elementarnih gospodarskih pretresov, ki so sledili padcu komunizma in prestrukturiranju nacionalnih gospodarstev, je večina Romov, kot tudi pripadnikov večinske narodnosti, nenadoma izpadla iz trga dela in začela postopno drseti na rob družbe.
Due to the cul-de-sac nature of planned economies, the elementary economic concussions following the collapse of communism and the re-structuring of national economies, most Roma - along with their companions of majority origin - suddenly fell out of the labour market and started gradually sliding out of society.
Razbitje tradicionalnih skupnosti je potekalo vzporedno z njihovo izključitvijo iz socialne mobilnosti, zaradi česar so Romi postali najbolj izključena družbena podskupina in posledično skoraj popolnoma izločeni iz nacionalnih gospodarstev
With their traditional communities disrupted and at the same time being blocked from social mobility, Roma became the most excluded subgroup of society and therefore almost completely disconnected from national economies
Program Združenih narodov za razvoj 2002 „Past odvisnosti – kako se ji izogniti – Romi v srednji in vzhodni Evropi“, regionalno poročilo o človekovih pravicah, Bratislava, Slovaška .
UNDP 2002 The Roma in Central and Eastern Europe, Avoiding the Dependency Trap , A Regional Human Development Report, Bratislava, Slovakia .
Demografska dinamika
Demographic dynamism
Romsko populacijo od podobno izključenih večinskih skupnosti loči posebna značilnost z izrazitimi gospodarskimi posledicami: demografska dinamika.
Compared to similarly excluded majority communities, there is a distinctive attribute of Roma population with emphatic economic consequences: demographic dynamism.
Za romsko in neromsko populacijo je značilen obrnjen demografski trend: medtem ko se večinska družba naglo stara, se delež Romov hitro povečuje.
Roma and non-Roma populations move along reverse demographic trends: while the majority society ages rapidly, the proportion of Roma is quickly increasing.
CEMI 2006 „Makroravnovesje in rast“.
CEMI 2006 Macro Balance and Growth .
Central European Management Intelligence, Budimpešta .
Central European Management Intelligence, Budapest .
Zato je zelo pomembno po eni strani upoštevati stalno naraščajoči delež Romov v aktivni populaciji, ki nosi breme sistema socialne varnosti, po drugi strani pa ogromen potencial, ki ga predstavlja ponovna vključitev številčno močnega deleža nezaposlenega prebivalstva na trg dela.
It is vital therefore to take into account that on the one hand the proportion of Roma within the active population carrying the social security system on its shoulder is steadily growing, and on the other hand there is a huge potential in the labour market reintegration of the massive unemployed population.
Prednosti vključevanja
The benefits of inclusion
Vključevanje Romov je nujna in finančno koristna dolgoročna naložba: gledano 20–30 let vnaprej, je ceneje Rome vključiti v družbo, kot pa vzdrževati njihove socialno-ekonomske razmere, ki ne izpolnjujejo standardov.
The inclusion of Roma is a necessary and financially profitable investment in the long run: on a scale of a 20-30 years period it is cheaper to integrate Roma than to sustain their substandard socio-economic conditions.
Če bi stopnjo zaposlenosti med Romi dvignili na raven zaposlenosti večine, bi se skupna stopnja zaposlitve dvignila za 5–10 %, odvisno od deleža romskega prebivalstva.
If the employment rate of Roma could be raised to that of the majority, the overall rate of employment would be increased with 5% to 10% depending on the proportion of Roma population.
To bi vplivalo na višji BDP in bi sprožilo znatno izboljšanje vseh kazalnikov, ki temeljijo na odstotku BDP na prebivalca.
Taking into account its affect on the growth of GDP, it would trigger a substantial improvement in all the indicators based on the percentage of GDP per capita.
Upoštevajoč standardne gospodarske modele, na primer model Svetovne banke
According to standard economic models - like that of the World Bank
DE LAAT, Joost ur.
de Laat , Joost ed.
Delež Romov, starejših od 50 let, je pod evropskim povprečjem, medtem ko je delež mlajših od 30 let znatno višji.
The proportion of Roma over 50 years of age is generally lower than the European average while that of those below 30 is far higher.
Romi torej predstavljajo pomemben in stalno naraščajoč odstotek potrebnih virov za povečanje udeležbe na trgu dela in bi lahko prinesli 4–6 odstotno povečanje nacionalnih BDP.
Roma therefore comprise a significant and permanently growing percentage of the necessary resource for the increase of labour market participation and could trigger a 4-6 % growth of national GDPs.
Stroški izključenosti
The costs of exclusion
Dejstvo, da države članice na vključevanje Romov ne gledajo kot na prednostno nalogo, pomeni, da zaradi tega izgubljajo znatne količine finančnih sredstev, da o socialnih prispevkih sploh ne govorimo.
By not prioritizing Roma inclusion, Member States are wasting a significant amount of financial asset, let alone social benefits.
Izgube vključujejo:
Losses include:
o posredne stroške izgube BDP – zaradi socialne izključenosti brezposelni Romi ne prispevajo k domačemu proizvodu,
o The indirect cost of lost GDP - as a result of social exclusion unemployed Roma fail to produce any domestic product,
o socialno varstvo in socialne ugodnosti ter socialno in zdravstveno zavarovanje, ki jih država nudi revnim,
o Social assistance and welfare benefits as well as the social and healthcare insurance provided by the state to those in poverty,
o večje stroške zdravstvenega varstva, ki so posledica podstandardnih življenjskih pogojev,
o Higher health costs due to substandard living conditions,
o brezplodne stroške za izobraževanje – stroški za segregirane šole in/ali šole z nižjim izobrazbenim standardom, ki ne omogočajo kakovostne izobrazbe, pomenijo zapravljanje denarja,
o Wasted education expenditure - the cost of segregated and/or low standard schools that fail to provide quality education is wasted money,
o dražje zagotavljanje varnosti zaradi večje stopnje kriminala, ki jo povzroča socialno-ekonomska prikrajšanost;
o Extra safety costs, due to higher crime rates caused by socio-economic deprivation;
o upravne stroške nadzora nad odhodki za socialno varstvo
o Administrative costs of supervising the flow of welfare expenditure
Marcinčin A. in Marcinčinová Ľ.
Marcinčin A. and Marcinčinová Ľ.
The Cost of Non-Inclusion - The key to integration is respect for diversity (Stroški nevključevanja - Spoštovanje drugačnosti je ključno za integracijo.)
The Cost of Non-Inclusion - The key to integration is respect for diversity.
Dopolnjevanje med nediskriminatorno zakonodajo in politikami
Complementing non-discrimination legislation and policies
Pri nediskriminaciji je treba narediti še veliko, če upoštevamo razširjenost nestrpnosti do Romov in nezadostno izvajanje obstoječih predpisov, ki bodisi ne zajemajo nekaterih področij (denimo večplastna diskriminacija) bodisi se pri njihovem izvajanju izkaže, da so neustrezni.
There is a lot to achieve regarding non-discrimination, considering the widespread anti-gypsyism and the insufficient implementation of existing regulations, which either don’t cover certain areas - such as multiple discrimination - or they prove to be inadequate when implemented.
Poročevalka vseeno meni, da bi se socialno-ekonomska izključenost večine Romov ohranila tudi, če bi bila diskriminacija na podlagi etnične pripadnosti – kot jo opredeljujeta direktivi 2000/43 in 2000/78 – že odpravljena, to pa zaradi mnogoterih soodvisnih dejavnikov, ki jo sprožajo (na primer: zemljepisne ovire, pomanjkljiva izobrazba ali propad centralno-planskega gospodarstva, ki je privabljal številne nizkokvalificirane delavce), pogosto pa tudi fizične ovire (na primer oddaljenost dostopnih delovnih mest, pomanjkljiv prevoz in infrastruktura).
The rapporteur argues however, that even if ethnicity based discrimination - as defined in EU Directives 2000/43 and 2000/78 - could be eliminated before now, the socio-economic exclusion of most Roma would still remain, given the multiplicity of interconnected factors generating it, (e.g. geographic disadvantages, deficient education, or the collapse of centrally planned economies attracting a multitude of low skilled labour force) and the often physical barriers (e.g. the distance of accessible workplaces, lack of transportation and infrastructure).
Iz tega sledi, da so protidiskriminacijski ukrepi in boj proti rasizmu sicer nujni, vendar pa za odpravo zgodovinskega zaostanka romske manjšine ne zadoščajo
Hence anti-discrimination measures and fighting racism are - although indispensable - by themselves not enough to overcome the historic lag of Roma
Socialno-ekonomsko vključevanje kot vprašanje človekovih pravic
Socio-economic inclusion as a matter of human rights
Poročevalka je prepričana, da strategija za socialno-ekonomsko vključevanje Romov ne bo ogrozila nediskriminacijskih zakonov in politik, ampak jih bo nasprotno dopolnila.
The rapporteur believes that the strategy aiming the socio-economic inclusion of Roma will not compromise but rather complement non-discrimination laws and policies.
Glede na obseg izključenosti je celovito vključevanje Romov pravzaprav predvsem vprašanje človekovih pravic.
Moreover, given the extent of exclusion, the overall inclusion of Roma is essentially an issue of human rights.
Velik delež evropskih Romov živi v tako podstandardnih razmerah (popolnoma so izločeni iz gospodarstva, kar ima za posledico tudi izključitev iz temeljnih človekovih pravic), da spodbujanja socialne vključenosti ne moremo obravnavati le v okviru izboljšav splošne politike, temveč kot zapolnitev ene od največjih vrzeli v izpolnjevanju ustavnih in človekovih pravic v Evropi.
A significant proportion of European Roma face such substandard conditions - almost totally disconnected from the economy, resulting in their exclusion from basic human rights - that fostering social inclusion cannot be viewed within the frameworks of general policy rectifications, but must be handled as bridging one of the hugest gap in the fulfilment of constitutional and human rights in Europe.
Prizadevanja na ravni EU za zmanjšanje revščine in socialne izključenosti evropskih Romov je zato treba osredotočiti na izpolnjevanje in spodbujanje druge in tretje generacije človekovih pravic, v dopolnitev pravno izvršljive prve generacije človekovih pravic, na primer pravice v zvezi s človeškim dostojanstvom, politične pravice in druge pravice posameznika.
The EU-level effort to alleviate the poverty and social exclusion of European Roma must therefore place its primary emphasis on the fulfilment and promotion of second and third generational human rights to replenish the legally enforceable first generation of human rights, e.g. rights connected to human dignity, political rights and further rights of the person.
Preseganje nezavezujočega prava
Transcending soft law
1999 Some Reflections on the Relationship of Treaties and Soft Law (Razmišljanja o odnosu med pogodbami in nezavezujočim pravom) v reviji: International & Comparative Law Quarterly 48 str.901–913.
Boyle , A. E. 1999 Some Reflections on the Relationship of Treaties and Soft Law, in: International & Comparative Law Quarterly 48 pp. 901-913.
V zadnjih nekaj letih je prišlo do nekaj mednarodnih pobud z dobrimi predlogi in naprednimi idejami, ki pa so dale precej negotove rezultate, kar opozarja na to, da za spodbujanje socialnega vključevanja Romov zgolj nezavezujoče pravo ni dovolj.
Several international initiatives have been developed in the last few years, with good proposals and progressive ideas, but the result is at least doubtful pointing to the fact that soft law alone is deficient in fostering the social inclusion of Roma.
Po mnenju poročevalke je osnovna ugotovitev po teh pobudah, da se blagozvočne politične krilatice ne bodo nikoli uresničile brez primerne pravne osnove, finančne podpore in spodbud ali mehanizma Unije za usklajevanje ukrepov zainteresiranih strani od lokalnih uprav do Sveta v podporo prednostim večravenskega upravljanja.
The rapporteur believes that the primary conclusion from these initiatives is that rotund political slogans will never become reality without a proper legal basis, financial support and incentives, as well as an EU mechanism to coordinate the actions of stakeholders ranging from local governments to the Council, harnessing the advantages of multi-level governance.
Strategija EU za socialno vključevanje Romov lahko zaživi na podlagi nalog, ciljev, načel in instrumentov, ki jih določata Pogodba o Evropski uniji in Pogodba o delovanju Evropske unije, pa tudi Listina Evropske unije o temeljnih pravicah (glej sklicevanja), in na osnovi skupnih pristojnosti, pa tudi podpore, usklajevanja in dopolnilnih ukrepov Unije.
On grounds of the tasks, objectives, principles and instruments defined by the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union as well as the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (see citations) and based on the shared competences as well as the supporting, coordinating and complementary actions of the Union, the EU Strategy on Roma inclusion can come into existence.
Izrecna vendar ne izključna ciljna naravnanost
Explicit but not exclusive targeting
Glede na to, da je diskriminacija na podlagi etnične pripadnosti le en – resda zelo pomemben – dejavnik pri določitvi socialno-ekonomske prikrajšanosti – kot so slaba usposobljenost in ozemeljska izključenost –, izključenost Romov lahko še najboljše opredelimo, če jih ne štejemo kot etnično, ampak kot ekonomsko ciljno skupino.
Since ethnicity-based discrimination is only one - although cardinal - factor determining the socio-economic deprivation of European Roma - such as low qualification and territorial exclusion -, it follows, that the exclusion can be best grasped by reckoning them not as an ethnic group, but as an economic target audience.
Skladno z načeloma 2 in 4 skupnih temeljnih načel pri vključevanju Romov, ki narekujeta izrecno, vendar ne izključno ciljno naravnanost in umeščanje Romov v osrednje tokove družbe, se mora strategija za Rome osredotočati na skupne gospodarske značilnosti socialno izključenih Romov, namesto da bi poskušala reševati vse socialne težave, ki jih trpijo posamezne skupine izjemno heterogene romske populacije v Evropi.
In line with Principle No 2 and No 4 of the Common Basic Principles on Roma Inclusion declaring ‘ explicit but not exclusive targeting ’ as well as ‘ aiming for the mainstream ’ the strategy must focus on these common economic features of socially excluded Roma instead of trying to address all the social issues that any single group of the remarkably heterogeneous European Roma population suffers from.
Ne glede na specifična vprašanja v posamezni državi ali regiji (na primer počivališča za potujoče skupine ali pomanjkljiva osebna dokumentacija v nekaterih državah), so si socialne in ekonomske razmere in potrebe romskih skupnosti v vseh državah zelo podobne.
Notwithstanding such country or region-specific issues as the availability of halting sites for travellers or the lack of personal documentation in some countries, the social and economic conditions and the demands of Roma communities themselves are extremely similar in all countries.
Obravnava ozemeljske izključenosti
Facing the territoriality of exclusion
Očitna značilnost izključenosti Romov je njihova ozemeljska marginalizacija.
A conspicuous feature of Roma exclusion is the territorial dimension marginalization.
Zemljepisna porazdelitev socialnih pomanjkljivosti se po državah članicah razlikuje, vseeno pa sta revščina in socialna izključenost veliko pogostejši v slabo razvitih mikroregijah, ki so v mnogih od novih držav članic pretežno poseljene z Romi.
The geographic distribution of social disadvantages is not uniform throughout the Member States, but poverty and social exclusion is concentrated in underdeveloped micro-regions, which in many of the new Member States are predominantly inhabited by Roma.