natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
a) naj v okviru integriranih razvojnih programov nasprotuje uporabi zaplinjevanja kot sredstva za izkoreninjenje maka v Afganistanu;
(a) oppose, in the framework of integrated development programmes, recourse to fumigation as a means of eradicating the poppy in Afghanistan;
b) naj v okviru programov za zmanjšanje nezakonite ponudbe, ki jih financira Evropa, izdela ter afganistanski vladi predloži celovit načrt in strategijo za nadzorovanje proizvodnje drog v Afganistanu z boljšim upravljanjem in odpravljanjem korupcije na najvišjih ravneh afganistanske uprave (s posebnim poudarkom na ministrstvu za notranje zadeve): z akcijami, usmerjenimi proti ključnim lokalnim trgovcem; s splošnim izboljšanjem razvoja podeželja, zlasti na najrevnejših območjih in območjih, na katerih opija še ne proizvajajo množično; s previdnim in selektivnim ročnim uničevanjem pridelkov; in z iskanjem možnosti za manjše poskusne projekte spreminjanja polj, na katerih se trenutno nezakonito prideluje mak, v polja za proizvodnjo zakonitih opioidnih analgetikov;
(b) elaborate and submit to the Afghan Government, within the framework of Europe-sponsored illicit supply reduction programmes, a comprehensive plan and strategy aimed at controlling drug production in Afghanistan, by improving governance and tackling corruption at the highest levels of the Afghan administration (with a special focus on the Ministry of the Interior); targeting action against the key traffickers on the ground; improving comprehensive rural development, particularly in the poorest areas and in those not yet producing opium on a large scale; carefully and selectively engaging in manual eradication; and looking at the possibility of pilot projects for small-scale conversion of parts of the current illicit poppy cultivation into fields for the production of legal opium-based analgesics;
2. naroča svojemu predsedniku, naj to priporočilo posreduje Svetu in v vednost Komisiji ter vladam in parlamentom držav članic ter Islamske republike Afganistan.
Instructs its President to forward this recommendation to the Council and, for information, to the Commission and the governments and parliaments of the Member States and of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.
Namen tega priporočila o afganistanskem opiju je raziskati možnost vzpostavitve splošnih pogojev na mednarodni ravni, ki bi omogočili, da bi zakonita pridelava maka v Afganistanu dobila dostop do svetovnega zakonitega trga za opioidne analgetike.
This recommendation on Afghan opium aims to explore the possibility of establishing general conditions internationally which could allow licit poppy production in Afghanistan to be placed on the world's legal market for opium-based analgesics.
Takšen razvoj je zaželen iz dveh razlogov: potrebe po povečanju razpoložljivosti in cenovne dostopnosti sredstev proti bolečinam v razvitih državah in državah v razvoju ter potrebe po oblikovanju učinkovitejših politik za omogočanje stabilnosti in trajnostnega gospodarskega razvoja v Afganistanu.
Such a development would be desirable for two reasons: the need to increase the availability and affordability of painkillers both in developed and developing countries, and the need to devise more effective policies to address both stability and sustainable economic development in Afghanistan.
Afganistansko gospodarstvo je še vedno pretežno neformalno in osnovano predvsem na nezakonitih kulturah, kar ovira napredek države na političnem in socialno-ekonomskem področju.
Afghanistan's economy continues to be predominantly informal and is based mainly on an illegal crop, as such hindering national progress both in political and socio-economical terms.
Ozadje mednarodnih regulativnih mehanizmov za opij
Background on International Regulation Mechanisms regarding Opium
Opij je na mednarodni ravni zakonsko urejen od leta 1912, ko je bila v Haagu podpisana Mednarodna konvencija o opiju, ki je prva mednarodna pogodba o nadzoru nad drogami.
Opium has been regulated internationally since 1912, when an International Opium Convention was signed at The Hague, representing the first international drug control treaty.
Mednarodna politika o drogah na globalni ravni se je osredotočala na norme iz konvencij ZN iz let 1961, 1971 in 1988.
International drugs policies at global level have revolved around the norms contained in the UN Conventions of 1961, 1971 and 1988.
Te prepovedujejo zlasti proizvodnjo, trgovanje, prodajo in uživanje številnih snovi, razen za medicinske ali znanstvene namene.
These prohibit in particular the production, trafficking, sale and consumption of a whole range of substances other than for medical or scientific purposes.
Države, ki želijo pridelovati prepovedane rastline, morajo ustanoviti nacionalne agencije za nadzor na proizvodnjo, rafiniranjem, prevozom, poslovanjem in trgovino s temi snovmi.
States that wish to produce the prohibited plants have to set up National Agencies to oversee production, refining, transport, commerce and trade in those substances.
Ko je bila leta 1961 sprejeta konvencija, sta bili Indija in Turčija največji pridelovalki maka.
When the 1961 Convention was adopted, India and Turkey were the biggest producers of poppies.
Enotna konvencija o mamilih in psihotropnih substancah je ustvarila zakonodajni okvir, ki omogoča urejanje pridelave v omenjenih državah.
The Single Convention on Narcotic and Psychotropic Substances created the legislative framework to allow the regulation of those countries' production.
Na zahtevo Združenih držav Amerike, ki so v zameno ponudile odkup velikega dela omenjene pridelave, da bi preprečile njeno preusmeritev v nezakonit trg s heroinom, sta obe državi v skladu s konvencijo ZN ustanovili nacionalne agencije za spremljanje pridelave in prodaje derivatov maka.
At the request of the United States which, in turn, offered to buy a substantial part of that production in order to prevent its diversion into the illegal heroin market, both countries, in compliance with the UN Convention, established national agencies to monitor the production and sale of poppy derivatives.
Poskus legalizacije pridelave maka v teh dveh državah je bil uspešen; vendar ni ustrezno zadovoljil naraščajočega povpraševanja po opiatih.
The experiment in legalising poppy production in those two countries was successful; however it was not considered that it provided adequately for the growing demand for opiates.
Čez nekaj časa se je zakonita proizvodnja opija pod strogim nadzorom organov pregona posameznih držav razširila na Avstralijo, Francijo, Španijo, Japonsko, Češko republiko, Madžarsko in Bolgarijo.
With the passage of time legal opium production, subject to strict supervision by the law enforcement agencies of individual countries, was expanded to Australia, France, Spain, Japan, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Bulgaria.
Pogodba ZN zahteva, da vsaka država Mednarodnemu nadzornemu svetu za droge predloži letno poročilo, v katerem navede dejansko porabo več razredov nadziranih drog in opioidov za zadevno leto ter predvidi zahtevane količine za naslednje leto.
The UN treaty requires every country to submit annual reports to the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB), stating that year's actual consumption of many classes of controlled drugs as well as opioids, and projecting required quantities for the next year.
Tako je omogočeno spremljanje gibanja porabe in dodeljevanje proizvodnih kvot.
This is to allow trends in consumption to be monitored, and production quotas allotted.
Afganistan je ratificiral vse tri konvencije ZN o drogah.
Afghanistan has ratified all three UN Conventions on Drugs.
Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija in Mednarodni nadzorni svet za droge sta pozvala države članice ZN k spodbujanju čim večje razpoložljivosti cenovno dostopnih opioidov za zdravljenje bolečin ob posebnem upoštevanju revnih držav, v zvezi s katerimi se poroča o zelo pomanjkljivem zdravljenju v več kot 150 državah.
Both the WHO and the INCB have urged the UN Member States to promote the most ample availability of affordable opioids for the treatment of pain, with particular attention to poor countries, where severe under-treatment is reported in more than 150 states.
V zadnjih nekaj letih sta Ekonomsko-socialni svet ZN in skupščina Svetovne zdravstvene organizacije sprejela vrsto resolucij, ki opisujejo, kaj je treba narediti na večstranski ravni.
Over the last few years, the UN Economic and Social Council and the Assembly of the WHO have adopted a series of resolutions outlining what needs to be done at the multilateral level.
Stanje v Afganistanu
The situation in Afghanistan
ZN ocenjujejo, da so za leto 2007 potrebe po opiatih (v gramih) v Afganistanu, državi z več kot 31 milijoni prebivalcev, naslednje: kodein (15 000 g), dekstropropoksifen (375 000 g), difenoksilat (7 500 g), morfin (3 000 g), petidin (60 000 g) in folkodin (70 000 g).
According to UN estimates, the 2007 opiate requirements for Afghanistan, a country of over 31 million inhabitants, are, in grammes: Codeine (15,000), Dextropropoxyphene (375,000), Diphenoxylate (7,500), Morphine (3,000), Pethidine (60,000) and Pholcodine (70,000).
Opija ni mogoče obravnavati kot tradicionalnega afganistanskega pridelka.
Opium cannot be considered a traditional Afghan crop.
Ko je vlada med sovjetsko invazijo v letih 1979–1980 začela izgubljati nadzor nad provincami, so mudžahedini in samovoljni vojaški poveljniki začeli prevzemati nadzor ter s prikritim odobravanjem zahodnih interesov vzpostavili vrsto nezakonitih sistemov za financiranje svojih vojnih dejavnosti z različnimi dejavnostmi, vključno z gojenjem maka.
In fact, as the government began to lose control of provinces during the Soviet invasion of 1979-80, the Mujahideen, as well as the warlords, started to take control, and, with the unspoken approval of western interests, established a series of illicit systems to finance their warring activities through activities including poppy growing.
Denar je bil na začetku namenjen temu, da so postopoma prisilili ZSSR v umik.
The money was principally employed to force the USSR slowly into withdrawal.
Ko so leta 1989 končno pregnali Rdečo armado iz Afganistana, je na ravni oblasti nastala praznina.
When the Red Army was finally forced out of Afghanistan in 1989, a power vacuum was created.
Različne skupine mudžahedinov so se začele med seboj bojevati za prevzem oblasti.
Various Mujahideen factions started fighting against each other for power.
Ko je zahod prenehal s podporo, so se še bolj posvetili gojenju maka za financiranje svojih vojaških dejavnosti.
As Western support ceased, they resorted ever more to poppy cultivation to finance their military activities.
Nekateri lokalni preprodajalci opija so iskali varno središče za delovanje, zato so se združili z bolj fanatičnimi skupinami mudžahedinov, ki so jih podpirali arabski ekstremisti, kot je Osama bin Laden, in pakistanska tajna obveščevalna služba (ISI), ter ob koncu leta 1994 oblikovali gibanje talibanov.
Some local opium dealers, looking for a safe operational hub, joined forces with the more fanatic sections of the Mujahideen supported by Arab extremists like Osama bin Laden as well as the Pakistani secret intelligence service (ISI) to form the Taliban movement towards the end of 1994.
Talibani so zavzeli 90 % države in dejavno spodbujali gojenje maka.
The Taliban, having taken control of 90% of the country, actively encouraged poppy cultivation.
Tako niso le izpolnili svojih obljub in obveznosti do partnerjev – različnih regionalnih mafij – ampak tudi povečali svoj dohodek z uvedbo davkov za lokalne kmete in z denarno podporo mednarodnih organiziranih kriminalnih tolp.
Thus they not only fulfilled their promises and obligations to their partners – the various regional mafias - but also increased their own income by imposing taxes on local farmers and through subsidies from international organised crime gangs.
Po navedbah Urada ZN za droge in kriminal je pridelek opija v Afganistanu leta 1999 znašal 4 600 milijonov ton, kar je bilo na vrhuncu vladavine talibanov v Afganistanu.
According to the UNODC, Afghanistan saw a bumper opium crop of 4,600 million tonnes in 1999, which was at the height of the Taliban rule in Afghanistan.
Več nevladnih organizacij je zapisalo, da je Urad ZN za droge in kriminal v letih 1997 in 1998 vzpostavil stik s talibani, da bi spodbudil sporazume o omejevanju pridelave maka, pri čemer je predlagal možnost, da bi mednarodna skupnost priznala njihov režim.
It has been documented by several NGOs that in 1997-98, the UNODC reached out to the Taliban to promote agreements with the final aim of curbing poppy production, suggesting a possible international recognition of their regime.
Ti uradni sporazumi niso bili nikoli uveljavljeni in veliko povečanje proizvodnje opija je povzročilo, da je ponudba presegla povpraševanje ter da so cene heroina in morfina na ulicah Zahoda padle, kar je povzročilo povečanje porabe po vsej Evropi.
These formal agreements never materialized and the huge increase in opium production resulted in supply exceeding demand and a drop in the high-street price of heroin and morphine in the West, boosting consumption all over Europe.
Da bi to zaustavili, je talibanski vodja Mula Omar domnevno izdal prepoved gojenja maka „iz verskih razlogov“, kar je leta 2000 povzročilo eno najnižjih ravni pridelave.
To stop this trend, it is alleged that the Taliban leader, Mullah Omar, issued a ban on poppy cultivation "on religious grounds", resulting in one of the lowest opium production levels in 2000.
Potem ko je Afganistan v devetdesetih letih 20. stoletja redno proizvedel 70 % svetovnega opija, je zaradi prepovedi, ki so jo leta 2000 izdali talibani, zmanjšal proizvodnjo na 74 ton na leto, čeprav je bil namen prepovedi verjetno predvsem zvišati cene, potem ko je država nakopičila zalog za več kot dve leti.
After regularly producing 70% of the world's opium throughout the 1990s, Afghanistan decreased its production to 74 tonnes per year under a ban by the Taliban in 2000, although the ban may have been intended primarily to boost prices after the country accumulated a stockpile of over two years' supply.
Po vojni v Afganistanu leta 2001 je proizvodnja ponovno narasla.
After the 2001 war in Afghanistan, production increased again.
Po statistiki agencije Združenih držav za boj proti drogam (DEA), se je leta 2002 proizvodnja opija, posušenega v peči, v Afganistanu povečala na 1 278 ton, nato se je leta 2003 več kot podvojila in skoraj ponovno podvojila leta 2004.
According to US Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) statistics, Afghanistan's production of oven-dried opium increased to 1,278 tonnes in 2002, more than doubled by 2003, and nearly doubled again during 2004.
Afganistan je zdaj največji nezakoniti proizvajalec opija na svetu, pred Burmo (Mjanmar), v tako imenovanem „Zlatem trikotniku“.
Afghanistan is currently the greatest illicit opium producer in the world, coming before Burma (Myanmar), part of the so-called "Golden Triangle".
V poročilu Urada ZN za droge in kriminal „Afganistan: raziskava o opiju 2006“ je poudarjeno, da so lansko leto na površinah, na katerih nezakonito pridelujejo opij, proizvedli rekordno količino, približno 6 100 ton, kar je skoraj 50 % več kot leto prej.
The UNODC report "Afghanistan: Opium Survey 2006" stresses that the area under illicit opium cultivation reached a record level of about 6,100 tonnes last year, an increase of nearly 50% over the previous year's figure.
Vrednost heroina, ki so ga nato izdelali, je bila ocenjena na 3,5 milijarde USD, od katerih naj bi afganistanski kmetje dobili 700 milijonov prihodkov (od katerih naj bi talibani pobrali od nekaj deset milijonov do 140 milijonov USD v davkih).
The value of the resulting heroin was estimated at $3.5 billion, of which Afghan farmers were estimated to have received $700 million in revenue (and of which the Taliban are estimated to have collected anywhere from tens of millions to $140 million in taxes).
Za kmete je ta pridelek lahko desetkrat bolj dobičkonosen kot pšenica.
For farmers, the crop can be up to ten times more profitable than wheat.
Najnovejši podatki Svetovne banke in Mednarodnega denarnega sklada ocenjujejo, da je skoraj 40 % afganistanskega BDP povezanega z opijem in da je približno 2,9 milijona ljudi dejavnih v sektorju, povezanem z makom.
Recent World Bank and International Monetary Fund figures estimate that almost 40% of Afghanistan's GDP is opium-related, and that some 2.9 million people are engaged in the poppy sector.
Urad ZN za boj proti drogam je prejšnje leto poročal, da le v šestih od 34 provinc v državi ne gojijo maka ter da je zlasti v južni provinci Helmand, v kateri so se povečali napadi talibanov na vladne in mednarodne čete, nezakonito gojenje naraslo na 69 300 hektarjev.
The UNODC reported that last year only six of the 34 provinces in the country were poppy-free and that particularly in the southern provinces of Helmand, where attacks by the Taliban against government and international troops have increased, illicit cultivation had soared to 69,300 hectares.
Predlogi za pregled evropskih strategij in pristopov v Afganistanu
Proposals for revision of European Strategies and Approaches in Afghanistan
Januarja 2006 so bili v afganistanski nacionalni strategiji za nadzor nad drogami obravnavani zmanjšanje ponudbe in povpraševanja, druge možnosti za preživljanje ter razvoj vladnih institucij, ministrstvo za boj proti drogam, ustanovljeno s sredstvi EU, pa je bilo izbrano za vodilno agencijo za izvajanje te strategije.
In January 2006, the Afghan National Drug Control Strategy addressed the issue of supply as well as demand reduction, alternative livelihoods and the strengthening of government institutions, and the Ministry of Counter Narcotics, established with the support of European money, was chosen as the lead national agency to implement the strategy.
Afganistanska vlada je 1. avgusta 2006 ustanovila odbor za nadzor nad drogami, da bi „urejal podeljevanje dovoljenj, prodajo, distribucijo, uvoz in izvoz vseh drog v državi za zakonite namene“.
On 1 August 2006, the Government of Afghanistan established a Drug Regulation Committee, in order to "regulate the licensing, sale, dispensation, import and export of all drugs for licit purposes in the country".
V členu 22 omenjene konvencije ZN iz leta 1961 je določeno, da „če prevladujoče razmere v državi ali na ozemlju pokažejo, da je prepoved gojenja vrtnega maka [...] po njeni presoji najustreznejši ukrep za zaščito javnega zdravja in blaginje ter preprečevanje prehajanja drog v nedovoljeno trgovino, zadevna stran prepove gojenje“.
Article 22 of the above-mentioned 1961 UN Convention states that "whenever prevailing conditions in the country or a territory of a Party render the prohibition of the cultivation of opium poppy [...] the most suitable measure, in its opinion, for protecting public health and welfare and preventing the diversion of drugs into the illicit traffic, the Party concerned shall prohibit cultivation".
Glede na pomanjkanje cenovno dostopnih sredstev proti bolečinam po svetu in učinke nezakonitega gospodarstva na vsakdanje življenje v Afganistanu ter ob upoštevanju evropskega prizadevanja za spodbujanje višjih standardov zdravstvenih politik in programov razvoja države in naroda, mora Evropski parlament pozvati Svet, naj sprejme skupno stališče, ki bi lahko sprožilo obsežen pregled trenutnih strategij in pristopov na področju razpoložljivosti opioidov in cenovne dostopnosti na svetovni ravni ter izkoreninjenja maka v Afganistanu.
Given the implications of a lack of affordable painkillers the world over and the effects of an illicit economy on Afghan daily life, and considering the entirety of European efforts to promote higher standards of health policies and in state and nation-building programmes, the European Parliament should urge the Council to adopt a common position that could trigger a major revision of current strategies and approaches both in the field of opioid availability and affordability at the global level and on poppy eradication in Afghanistan.
Evropska unija tudi ostaja največji donator pri prizadevanju za zmanjšanje ponudbe opija s projekti za spodbujanje drugih možnosti za preživljanje, ki jih Afganistan nujno potrebuje za dopolnjevanje nacionalne prehrane, s katerimi bi nadomestili pridelavo nedovoljenih kultur.
The European Union also remains the biggest donor as regards efforts aimed at reducing the supply of opium, through projects to promote alternative livelihoods - that Afghanistan also desperately needs to complement the national diet - to substitute illicit crops.
Ta politika velja za manj vsiljivo kot izkoreninjenje.
This is a policy that it is considered less intrusive than mere eradication.
Vendar kljub spodbujanju „razvoja drugih možnosti“ še ni vidnih znakov, da se bo skupna proizvodnja opija v bližnji prihodnosti zmanjšala.
However, despite the promotion of “alternative development”, there are no tangible signs that overall opium production will decrease in the near future.
Sedanje pomanjkanje varnosti v Afganistanu je treba obravnavati z jasnejšimi in obsežnejšimi ukrepi in politikami, ki morajo dopolniti spodbujanje in krepitev miru, sprave in varnosti.
Today’s lack of security in Afghanistan should be addressed with a more articulate and comprehensive set of measures and policies which must try to complement the promotion and strengthening of peace, reconciliation and security.
To je treba narediti z obsežno prisotnostjo mednarodnih sil in večjim sodelovanjem civilne družbe, da bi se spodbudili razvoj, napredek in zaupanje v prizadevanje in varnostno pomoč, ki se že zagotavlja.
This should be done both through a substantial multilateral presence and an increasing civil cooperation, with the aim of fostering development, progress and confidence in the efforts and security assistance currently underway.
V zvezi s tem je proces institucionalnega razvoja, demokratizacije in uveljavljanja pravne države ter spoštovanja človekovih pravic in temeljnih svoboščin mogoče doseči le s politiko, ki ne vsiljuje „rešitev“, kot je prisilno izkoreninjenje pridelave.
In this context, the process of institution-building, democratization and affirmation of the rule of law and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms can only happen through policies that do not impose "solutions" such as forcible eradication of crops.
Kot je predlagano v poročilu, ki ga je pripravila misija EU za spremljanje parlamentarnih volitev v Afganistanu septembra leta 2005, je treba za obvladovanje nezakonite proizvodnje opija treba uporabiti drugačen pristop, ki bo upošteval možnost preusmeritve derivatov opija v zakonit trg za analgetike.
As suggested in the Report prepared by the EU Monitoring Mission of the Afghan Parliamentary Election of September 2005, a different approach should be pursued in addressing illicit opium production, one which also takes account of the possibility of diverting opium derivatives into the licit market for analgesics.
Čeprav se ta ukrep zdaj morda zdi neustrezen na širši ravni, bi se lahko začelo s poskusi za izpolnjevanje nacionalnih zahtev v izbranih provincah v Afganistanu, v katerih je proizvodnja omejena in varnost ne predstavlja prevelikega izziva.
While such a measure may seem inappropriate on a wide-scale at the present time, experiments to meet national requirements could be launched in selected provinces in Afghanistan where production is limited and security does not present too many challenges.
Države članice EU morajo v skladu z mednarodnimi normami in s polnim sodelovanjem s sistemom ZN, vključno s Programom ZN za razvoj, Uradom ZN za boj proti drogam, SZO ter Svetovno banko in Mednarodnim denarnim skladom, oceniti dejansko dinamiko povpraševanja in ponudbe derivatov opija na svetovnem trgu z analgetiki.
EU Member States should, in accordance with international norms and in full collaboration with the UN system, including UNDP, UNODC, WHO, as well as the World Bank and the IMF, evaluate the real dynamics of demand and supply of opium-derivatives for the global market in analgesics.