natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Podrobne smernice in načela so navedena v zvezi zavarovalno-tehničnimi rezervacijami, kritnim premoženjem in metodami njegovega izračuna, določanjem vrst naložb in vrednotenjem, pravili za usklajevanje in pravili za lokalizacijo sredstev.
Detailed guidelines and principles are given on technical reserves, the covering assets and the methods for their calculation, determination of investment categories and valuation, matching rules and asset localisation rules.
Drugi členi pa zagotavljajo usklajevanje pravil v zvezi z minimalnim kapitalom, elementi, ki jih lahko vključuje, in minimalnim kapitalom, ki je potreben za vsako vrsto zavarovanja, ki je bilo sklenjeno.
In turn, other articles provide for the coordination of rules relating to solvency margins, the items they may include and the minimum solvency margin that must be implemented for each type of assurance underwritten.
Direktiva vključuje tudi določbe, katerih cilj je dodatna uskladitev pravil poslovanja, vključno s tistimi, ki urejajo informacije, ki jih je treba zagotoviti zavarovancem in najkrajše obdobje odstopa, do katerega morajo biti upravičeni zavarovanci.
The Directive also includes provisions aimed at the further harmonisation of conduct of business rules, including those governing the information to be provided to policyholders and the minimum cancellation period to which policyholders must be entitled.
Prečiščeno besedilo direktive iz leta 2002
The 2002 consolidated Directive (CD)
Cilj prenovljene direktive iz leta 2002 je bilo prečistiti določbe Skupnosti o življenjskem zavarovanju, da se javnosti zagotovi enotno, jasno in lahko razumljivo besedilo.
The aim of the 2002 recast Directive was to consolidate Community provisions on life assurance so as to provide the public with a single, clear and readily understandable text.
Večina določb direktive so drugače oblikovane določbe iz prve, druge in tretje direktive o življenjskem zavarovanju.
The majority of the directive's provisions are a restatement of those contained in the 1LD, 2LD and 3LD.
Edine nove določbe so povezane z: opredelitvijo urejenega trga, datumi v zvezi z dejavnostmi sestavljenih zavarovalnic, izračunom prihodnjih dobičkov, predstavitvijo poslovnega načrta podružnic iz tretjih držav, ki bodo ustanovljene v EU, odpravo odstopanj in pravicami, ki so jih pridobile sedanje podružnice.
The only new provisions relate to: the definition of a regulated market, dates concerning the activities of composite undertakings, calculation of future profits, presentation of a scheme of operations by third country branches to be established in the EU, abolition of derogations, and rights acquired by existing branches.
Druga nedavna zakonodaja
Other recent legislation
· Direktiva 95/26/ES, ki krepi nadzor varnega in skrbnega poslovanja .
· Directive 95/26/EC reinforcing prudential supervision .
Ta direktiva je spremenila več direktiv o finančnih storitvah, med njimi tudi tretjo direktivo o življenjskem zavarovanju, da bi povečala pristojnosti nadzornih organov in tako preprečila goljufije, če je finančno podjetje del skupine.
This Directive modified several financial services directives, and amongst them the 3LD, with the objective of strengthening the powers of the supervisory authorities to prevent fraud when a financial undertaking forms part of a group.
Ta direktiva zlasti ureja razkritje informacij o skupini pristojnim organom ter opredeljuje in pojasnjuje koncepte, kot so „tesne povezave“.
Specifically, this Directive regulates disclosure of group information to competent authorities and defines and clarifies concepts such as "close links".
Direktiva zahteva tudi takojšnje revizijsko poročilo organom, ko revizor ugotovi nekatera dejstva, ki resno vplivajo na finančni položaj ali upravno in računovodsko organizacijo finančnega podjetja.
The Directive also requires that an auditor report promptly to the authorities whenever he becomes aware of certain facts which are liable to have a serious effect on the financial situation or the administrative and accounting organization of a financial undertaking.
· Direktiva 2002/12/ES.
· Directive 2002/12/EC.
Znana je tudi pod imenom Solventnost I , njen cilj pa je krepitev zahtev glede solventnosti pri življenjskem zavarovanju, da se zagotovijo primerne kapitalske zahteve.
Also known as Solvency I , it is aimed at strengthening life assurances’ solvency requirements in order to ensure adequate capital requirements.
V ta namen je spremenjena prejšnja ureditev minimalnega kapitala iz sedemdesetih let 20. stoletja: omejena je možnost vključitve prihodnjega dobička v razpoložljivi minimalni kapital in uvedena je obveznost za njegovo postopno odpravo do leta 2009.
To this end, the previous solvency margin regime from the 1970s is changed: a limit is set on the possibility of including future profits in the available solvency margin and an obligation to phase them out by 2009 is introduced.
Drugič, sedanji minimalni zajamčeni kapital je povečan in se redno prilagaja glede na inflacijo.
Secondly, the existing minimum guarantee fund is increased and is periodically adjusted according to inflation.
Nazadnje je okrepljeno zgodnje posredovanje zakonodajalca za odpravo pomanjkljivosti, če se položaj podjetja slabša in so interesi zavarovancev ogroženi.
Finally, early intervention by the regulator to take remedial action is strengthened, when the undertaking’s position is deteriorating and policyholders’ interests are threatened.
· Direktiva 2002/87/ES o dopolnilnem nadzoru kreditnih institucij, zavarovalnic in investicijskih družb v finančnem konglomeratu.
· Directive 2002/87/EC on the supplementary supervision of credit institutions, insurance undertakings and investment firms in a financial conglomerate.
Ta direktiva je prva pobuda za odmik od sektorskega regulativnega pristopa, da bi se rešila vprašanja, ki so jih izpostavili finančni konglomerati, na primer z zahtevo po vzpostavitvi ustreznega načina komunikacije med nadzornimi organi, ki so odgovorni za različne finančne industrije.
This Directive constitutes the first initiative in moving away from a sector-specific regulatory approach in order to tackle the challenges raised by financial conglomerates, for example, by requiring the establishment of proper lines of communication between supervisory authorities responsible for different financial industries.
· Direktiva 2005/1/ES o novi organizacijski strukturi odborov za finančne storitve (tako imenovani „ odbori Lamfalussy “).
· Directive 2005/1/EC on a new organisational structure for financial services committee (the so-called 'Lamfalussy committees ').
- Stopnja 1: Evropski parlament in Svet sprejmeta zakonodajo v postopku soodločanja, pri čemer določita okvirna načela in smernice o izvedbenih pooblastilih;
- Level 1: The EP and Council adopt legislation in co-decision, determining framework principles and guidelines on implementing powers
- Stopnja 2: tehnični izvedbeni ukrepi v obliki dodatnih direktiv in/ali uredb, sprejetih v skladu s pooblastili, prenesenimi na stopnji 1;
- Level 2: Technical implementing measures taking the form of further directives and/or regulations, adopted under powers delegated at level one
- Stopnja 3: mrežno povezovanje zakonodajalcev, ki omogoča pripravo skupnih razlagalnih priporočil, skladnih smernic in enotnih standardov, medsebojne preglede ter primerjave med regulativnimi sistemi, da se zagotovita skladno izvajanje in uporaba;
- Level 3: Networking between regulators with a view to producing joint interpretative recommendations, consistent guidelines and common standards, peer review, and comparisons between regulatory practice to ensure consistent implementation and application
- Stopnja 4: spremljanje skladnosti ravnanja države članice z zakonodajo EU s strani Komisije in izvršilni ukrepi, če je potrebno.
- Level 4: Monitoring by the European Commission of Member State compliance with EU legislation and enforcement action where necessary.
· Direktiva 2005/68/ES o dejavnostih pozavarovanja .
· Directive 2005/68/EC on reinsurance activities.
Ker dejavnosti pozavarovanja, ki jih izvajajo specializirane pozavarovalnice, takrat niso bile predmet zakonodaje EU, je bila sprejeta posebna direktiva, ki je vzpostavila pravni okvir za te dejavnosti in obravnavala pomanjkljivosti sedanjih določb, kar je povzročilo znatne razlike v stopnji nadzora pozavarovalnic v EU ter ustvarilo ovire za opravljanje pozavarovalnih poslov.
As reinsurance activities conducted by specialised reinsurance undertakings were not subject to EU law at the time, a specialized directive was adopted, to establish a legal framework for this activity and address the weaknesses in existing provisions, which had resulted in significant differences in the level of supervision of reinsurance undertakings in the EU, in turn creating barriers to the pursuit of reinsurance business.
· Prihodnja direktiva Solventnost II , druga reforma minimalnega kapitala zavarovalnic.
· The future Solvency II Directive, a second reform of the solvency margins of insurance companies.
Ta projekt je bil v pripravi več let in pričakuje se, da bo Komisiji predstavljen julija 2007.
This project has been in the pipeline for several years and is expected to be presented by the Commission in July 2007.
Glavni elementi predloga so, da se uskladijo standardi kapitalske ustreznosti in razvijejo pravila, ki bolj temeljijo na tveganju, pri čemer gre za prizadevanje, da zahteve glede solventnosti bolj ustrezajo dejanskemu tveganju, ki mu je izpostavljena zavarovalnica, ter da se okrepijo pristojnosti posredovanja zakonodajalcev na področju zavarovanja.
The main elements of the proposal are to harmonise capital adequacy standards and develop more risk-based rules, in an effort to match solvency requirements more closely to the true risk encountered by an insurance undertaking, as well as enhancing the powers of intervention of insurance regulators.
Predvideni/sprejeti posebni ukrepi na podlagi dela II
Specific actions foreseen/undertaken in the context of Part II
- zaslišanje vlagateljev peticije pred odborom (glej ustrezni seznam);
- Hearing of petitioners before the committee (see relevant list);
- zahteva po informacijah Komisije v zvezi s:
- Request for information from the Commission regarding:
o prenosa ustreznih direktiv in njihove uporabe s strani pristojnih organov v referenčnem obdobju;
o the transposition of the relevant Directives and their application by competent authorities during the reference period;
o ukrepi, ki jih je sprejela Komisija v zvezi s spremljanjem izvajanja;
o action taken by the Commission with regard to monitoring implementation;
- pojasnitev zadevnih pristojnosti organov Združenega kraljestva v zvezi z nadzorom družbe Equitable Life;
- Clarification of the UK authorities' respective competences with regard to the supervision of Equitable Life;
- zaslišanje vlade in zakonodajalcev Združenega kraljestva: Ministrstva za gospodarstvo in finančne zadeve, Organa za finančne storitve ter vladnega oddelka za zavarovalniško statistiko;
- Hearing of UK Government and regulators: HMT (Her Majesty's Treasury), FSA (Financial Services Authority) and GAD (Government Actuary Department);
- misije za ugotavljanje dejstev, poslane v Združeno kraljestvo in na Irsko, ter zaslišanje pristojnih organov za ugotovitev, ali so se ustrezne določbe pravilno uporabljale;
- Fact-finding missions to the UK and Ireland and hearing of competent authorities in order to establish whether the relevant provisions were properly applied;
- primerjalna analiza prenosa v Združenem kraljestvu in drugih državah članicah: primerjalna študija je bila naročena v okviru proračuna odbora za izvedenska mnenja, pri čemer so morali strokovnjaki preučiti, kako so bile določbe o bonitetnem nadzoru in pravilih poslovanja življenjskih zavarovalnic, kot je določeno v ustreznih direktivah EU, prenesene v zakonodajo Združenega kraljestva.
- Comparative analysis of transposition in the UK and other Member States: a comparative study was commissioned under the committee's expertise budget, with experts being asked to examine how the provisions on prudential supervision and conduct of business rules of life assurance undertakings as laid down in the relevant EU Directives were transposed into UK law.
Študija je za vsako od teh določb opredelila enakovredne določbe Združenega kraljestva in s tabelo prenosa prikazala, kdaj so začele veljati.
The study identified for each of those provisions the matching UK provisions and indicated, by way of a transposition table, when they entered into force.
Prenos v zakonodajo Združenega kraljestva se je potem primerjal z izvajanjem zakonodaje na Irskem, v Nemčiji in Španiji.
The transposition in the UK was then compared to implementing legislation in Ireland, Germany and Spain.
Vsebina študije je bila uporabljena za pripravo tega dokumenta.
The contents of the study served as input for this working document.
Prva naloga je jasno opredeliti določbe nacionalne zakonodaje Združenega kraljestva, namenjene uresničevanju zahtev direktiv, ter oceniti, ali so enake kakovosti in zahtevajo enake standarde v smislu oblike in temeljnega cilja direktive.
The first task is to identify clearly those provisions of UK national law intended to give effect to the requirements of the Directive and to evaluate whether they are of the same quality and require the same standards, both in terms of the letter and the ultimate aim of the directive.
Dejstvo, da je Združeno kraljestvo direktivo izvajalo na razdrobljen način (tj. direktiva ni bila prenesena v en sam nacionalni zakon, ampak je razpršena po različnih aktih različne pomembnosti), za začetek ni ravno olajševalno.
The fact that the UK implemented the directive in a fragmented way (i.e., the directive was transposed not into one single national law but spread throughout different acts of varying hierarchy) is not helpful from the outset.
Eden od ciljev te preiskave je ugotoviti, ali je ta način prenosa povzročil težave, ki so preprečile učinkovite predpise.
Determining whether this means of transposition gave rise to difficulties which thwarted effective regulation is one of the objectives of this investigation.
Drugi cilj je preveriti, ali so odgovorni zakonodajalci dejansko izpolnili zahteve nacionalne zakonodaje in posledično direktive EU.
A second objective would be to ascertain whether the responsible regulators indeed fulfilled the requirements of national law and, consequently, of the EU Directive.
Mogoče je, da je bila direktiva pomanjkljivo prenesena, zakonodajalci pa so dosledno uporabljali napačno in nezadostno nacionalno zakonodajo; na drugi strani je mogoče tudi, da je bila direktiva pravilno in popolnoma prenesena, vendar zakonodajalci niso v celoti izpolnili svojih obveznosti ter niso ohranili oblike in vsebine zakonodaje Združenega kraljestva in EU.
It might be that the Directive was defectively transposed and that the regulators faithfully applied defective and insufficient national law; on the other hand, it could also be that the directive was faithfully and fully transposed but the regulators did not completely fulfil their responsibilities and did not uphold both the letter and the spirit of both UK and EU law.
Prav tako sta lahko napačna oba predvidena poteka, tj. da je bila direktiva EU pravilno prenesena in da so tudi zakonodajalci ustrezno delovali.
Conversely, both these scenarios could be wrong, i.e. not only was the EU Directive correctly transposed but the regulators also acted adequately.
Končno so razlogi lahko povezani (nepravilen prenos, povezan z nepravilno uporabo).
Finally, there could be a mixed picture (incorrect transposition compounded by incorrect application).
Rezultat teh preiskav bo jasno predstavljen v sklepih tega dela poročila.
The outcome of these investigations will be clearly laid out in the conclusions of this part of the report.
Poleg tega ti sklepi uvajajo vsebino dela V o sistematičnih pomanjkljivostih v Komisiji in kako so prispevale h krizi družbe ELAS.
Moreover, these conclusions feed into the contents of Part V on systematic weaknesses in the Commission and how they have contributed to the ELAS crisis.
V tem delu je razvit tudi koncept izvajanja, ki se uporablja kot referenca v celotnem poročilu preiskovalnega odbora.
In this part, the concept of implementation used as reference throughout the report of the Committee of Inquiry will be also developed.
Uporabljena je metodologija, po kateri se: najprej posamezno opredelijo ključne določbe tretje direktive o življenjskem zavarovanju, ki so pomembne za zadevo družbe ELAS, zlasti v zvezi s spremljanjem finančne solidnosti, plačilne sposobnosti in oblikovanjem ustreznih zavarovalno-tehničnih rezervacij; potem se opredelijo in analizirajo enakovredne izvedbene določbe v zakonodaji Združenega kraljestva, da se preveri, ali izpolnjujejo zahteve direktive glede kakovosti; končno se oceni delovanje zakonodajalca ob upoštevanju mejnih vrednosti, meril uspešnosti ter zahtev, ki so bile določene v teh enakovrednih izvedbenih določbah in direktivi.
The methodology followed is: first, to identify one by one the key provisions of the 3LD relevant to the ELAS case, particularly as regards the monitoring of financial health, state of solvency and the establishment of adequate technical provisions; second, to identify and analyze the matching implementing provisions in UK law to ascertain if they fulfil the quality requirements of the directive; third, to evaluate the performance of the regulator taking into account the thresholds, benchmarks and requirements that have been set in those matching implementing provisions as well as in the Directive.
V ta namen bodo glavni viri dokazov, razen direktive in določb Združenega kraljestva, informacije, ki jih pošlje Evropska komisija, študija izvajanja, ki jo je pripravila družba Wilde Sapte, ustni dokazi z zaslišanja preiskovalnega odbora in vsi drugi pisni dokazi s seznama uradnih pisnih dokazov.
To this end, the main sources of evidence, other than the directive itself and the UK provisions, will be the information received from the European Commission, the implementation study undertaken by the Wilde Sapte firm, the oral evidence obtained during the EQUI hearings and any other written evidence contained in the list of official written evidence.
Za razumevanje tretje direktive o življenjskem zavarovanju je treba prikazati njeno zgradbo, ki je sestavljena iz štirih delov:
In order to understand the 3LD, it is pertinent to outline its structure, which falls into four parts:
Opredelitev pojmov in področje uporabe;
Definition and scope;
Začetek opravljanja poslov življenjskega zavarovanja;
The taking up of the business of life assurance;
Pogoji, ki urejajo opravljanje poslov zavarovanja, ki vključujejo: načela in metode finančnega nadzora, pravila v zvezi z zavarovalno-tehničnimi rezervacijami ter minimalnim in zajamčenim kapitalom, pravila v zvezi s pogodbenim pravom in pogoji zavarovanja;
Conditions governing the business of life assurance, which include: principles and methods of financial supervision, rules relating to technical provisions, to the solvency margin and to the guarantee fund, rules relating to contract law and conditions of assurance;
Določbe, ki se nanašajo na pravico do ustanavljanja in svobodo opravljanja storitev.
Provisions relating to the right of establishment and freedom to provide services.
Naslednjih 16 členov (in 1 priloga) tretje direktive o življenjskem zavarovanju je bilo izbranih zaradi pomembnosti za to raziskavo:
The following 16 articles (and 1 annex) of the 3LD have been selected on account of their relevance to this inquiry:
§ členi 8, 9, 10, 12, 13 in 15: finančni nadzor;
§ Articles 8, 9, 10, 12, 13 and 15: financial supervision;
§ členi 18, 19, 20, 21 in 22: zavarovalno-tehnične rezervacije;
§ Articles 18, 19, 20, 21 and 22: technical provisions;
§ člen 25: minimalni kapital;
§ Article 25: solvency margin;
§ členi 28, 29, 30 in 31: pravila poslovanja;
§ Articles 28, 29, 30 and 31: conduct of business rules;
§ Priloga II: informacije za zavarovance.
§ Annex II: information for policyholders.
Najprej so obravnavani členi, ki so ključni za preiskavo (8, 10, 18, 21, 25, 28 in 31).
The key articles for the investigation (8, 10, 18, 21, 25, 28 and 31) are dealt with first.
V zvezi z zakonodajo Združenega kraljestva je Združeno kraljestvo obvestilo Komisijo o izvajanju tretje direktive o življenjskem zavarovanju s pismom z dne 29. junija 1994.
As far as UK law is concerned, the UK notified the Commission of its implementation of the 3LD by letter dated 29 June 1994.
Pismo Združenega kraljestva navaja, da bodo naslednji pomembni podzakonski akti za izvajanje direktive začeli veljati 1. julija 1994, tj. rok, določen v direktivi:
The UK letter specified that the following relevant statutory instruments giving effect to the Directive would enter into force on 1 July 1994, the deadline laid down in the Directive:
Predpisi o zavarovalnicah (direktive o življenjskem zavarovanju) iz leta 1994, ki spreminjajo ustrezne oddelke Zakona o zavarovalnicah iz leta 1982 in Zakona o finančnih storitvah iz leta 1986 tako, da uvajajo načelo nadzora v domači državi za neposredno zavarovanje v skladu s tretjo direktivo o življenjskem zavarovanju in direktivami o neživljenjskem zavarovanju;
The Insurance Companies (Third Insurance Directives) Regulations 1994, which amended relevant sections of the Insurance Companies Act (ICA) 1982 and the Financial Services Act 1986 with a view to introducing the principle of home country control for direct insurance as provided by the 3LD and the Non-Life Directives;
Predpisi o zavarovalnicah iz leta 1994, s katerimi so se izvajala pravila tretje direktive o življenjskem zavarovanju v zvezi z zavarovalno-tehničnimi rezervacijami, usklajenostjo in lokalizacijo sredstev, minimalnim kapitalom in zajamčenim kapitalom;
The Insurance Companies Regulations 1994, which implemented the 3LD’s rules on technical provisions, matching and localisation of assets, solvency margin and guarantee funds;
Predpisi o zavarovalnicah (Izkazi in izjave) (sprememba) iz leta 1994, s katerimi so se izvajala pravila tretje direktive o življenjskem zavarovanju v zvezi z obliko in vsebino letnih dobičkov, ki spreminjajo Predpise o zavarovalnicah (Izkazi in izjave) iz leta 1983.
The Insurance Companies (Accounts and Statements) (Amendment) Regulations 1994, which implemented the 3LD's rules relating to the form and contents of the annual returns, amending the Insurance Companies (Accounts and Statements) Regulations 1983.
V skladu z uradnimi evidencami je Združeno kraljestvo upoštevalo rok za začetek veljavnosti in pravilno obvestilo Komisijo ter zagotovilo izvode izvedbene zakonodaje.
According to official records, the UK respected the deadline for entry into force and correctly notified the Commission, providing copies of the implementing legislation.
Kot je razvidno zgoraj in v nasprotju s konsolidiranim pristopom drugih držav članic, je Združeno kraljestvo izbralo razpršen in posreden prenos, pri čemer je direktivo preneslo s sprejetjem različnih podzakonskih aktov, ki so uvedli spremembe več zakonov parlamenta in sekundarne zakonodaje.
As can be seen from the above, and in contrast to the consolidated approach followed by other Member States, the UK opted for a piecemeal and indirect transposition, transposing the Directive by adopting various statutory instruments, which introduced amendments to a number of Acts of Parliament and subordinate legislation.
Ta tehnika se pogosto uporablja v Združenem kraljestvu.
This technique is often used in the UK.
Poleg tega in v nasprotju z najboljšimi praksami prenosa
In addition, and contrary to best transposition practice
Glej Priporočilo Komisije z dne 12. julija 2004 o prenosu v nacionalno zakonodajo direktiv, ki vplivajo na notranji trg [Uradni list L 98, 16.4.2005]. izvedbeni ukrepi Združenega kraljestva niso po posameznih členih opredelili, katere določbe direktive se prenesejo.
See Recommendation from the Commission of 12 July 2004 on the transposition into national law of Directives affecting the internal market [Official Journal L 98 of 16.04.05]. , the UK implementing measures did not identify which provisions of the Directive were being transposed on an article by article basis.