natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
29. poziva Komisijo, naj državam članicam priporoči nekaj smernic za registracijo in tako zagotovi, da bodo registrirane osebe sporočale različne anamnestične podatke, hkrati pa skrbi za kakovost in varnost organov darovalcev, saj registracija ni zgolj preprost vnos imena, ampak ima tudi posledice za darovalca in prejemnika;
Asks the Commission to recommend to the Member States certain guidelines as far as registration is concerned to ensure that the registered person submits certain information about his medical history and to ensure the quality and safety of the donor's organs, since registration is not only the simple act of registering by name but implies consequences for both the donor and the recipient;
32. poziva Komisijo, naj skupaj z državami članicami izvede študijo o vseh vprašanjih v zvezi s presaditvijo organov pri nerezidentih EU v državah članicah, in izdela kodeks ravnanja, ki bo vseboval pravila in pogoje, po katerih se lahko organi, ki so jih darovali umrli darovalci EU, dodelijo nerezidentom EU;
Invites the Commission together with the Member States to conduct a study on all matters concerning organ transplantation for non-EU residents in Member States and to develop a code of conduct containing rules and conditions under which organs donated by deceased EU donors may be allocated to non-EU residents;
KREPITEV JAVNE OZAVEŠČENOSTI
INCREASING PUBLIC AWARENESS
37. poudarja, da je treba informacije o darovanju in presajanju organov predstaviti na pregleden, nepristranski in nevsiljiv način, da morajo vsebovati obseg darovanja organov, npr. da lahko darovanje obsega več organov ali tkiva;
Points out that information on organ donation and transplantation should be provided in a transparent, unbiased and non-directive manner, addressing the scope of organ donations, i.e. that donation might include multiple-organ donations as well as tissue donations;
43. podpira vzpostavitev telefonske linije za presajanje z eno samo telefonsko številko, ki bi jo vodila nacionalna organizacija za presajanja, kjer ta obstaja, in na kateri bi ekipa ustrezno usposobljenih in izkušenih strokovnjakov vsem zainteresiranim 24 ur na dan zagotavljala hitre, ustrezne in natančne (medicinske in pravne) informacije;
Favours the establishment of a transplant "hotline" with a single telephone number which is managed by a national transplantation organisation, where such an organisation exists, and manned 24 hours/day by appropriately trained and experienced professionals who can provide relevant and accurate information rapidly (medical, legal) to all actors concerned;
47. poziva države članice, naj podaljšajo čas spremljanja bolnikov po presaditvi (ki zdaj znaša od devet do dvanajst mesecev) na več let in po možnosti, dokler je bolnik živ in/ali presadek deluje;
Asks Member States to increase the monitoring times for transplant patients (currently between nine and twelve months) to several years and preferably for as long as the patient lives and/or the graft still functions;
TRGOVINA Z ORGANI
ORGAN TRAFFICKING
50. v zvezi s tretjimi državami poziva Komisijo, naj se bori proti trgovini z organi in tkivi, ki jo je treba po vsem svetu prepovedati, tudi presajanju organov in tkiv mladoletnikov, duševno prizadetih oseb ali usmrčenih zapornikov; poziva Komisijo in države članice, naj povečajo ozaveščenost mednarodne javnosti o tem vprašanju;
Asks the Commission, in relation to third countries, to fight against the practice of organ and tissue trafficking, which should be universally banned, including the transplantation of organs and tissues from minors, from the mentally disabled or from executed prisoners; calls on the Commission and the Member States to raise the awareness of the international community on this issue;
55. meni, da morajo države članice zagotoviti izobraževanje za nacionalne organe pregona ter zdravstveno osebje o trgovini z organi, da bodo o vsakem znanem primeru obvestili policijo;
Considers that the Member States should ensure the training of their law enforcement agencies as well as medical staff on trafficking in organs in order to report each known case to the police;
Presajanje organov pomeni terapevtsko uporabo človeških organov, ki vključuje nadomestitev nedelujočega organa z drugim, ki se pridobi od darovalca.
Organ transplantation means therapeutic use of human organs involving the substitution of a non-functional organ for another one coming from a donor.
Uspešne presaditve organov lahko ob uporabi pravilnega postopka po presaditvi omogočijo dolgoletno polno in zdravo življenje osebam, ki bi sicer pogosto potrebovale intenzivno nego, ki je neprijetna za bolnike, običajno pa pomeni breme ne le za sisteme zdravstvenega varstva v državah članicah, ampak tudi za družine in negovalce bolnikov.
Successful organ transplants, provided that a proper follow-up procedure is applied, can restore a full and healthy life for many years to people who would otherwise often require intensive care, which is unpleasant for the patients, but also often places a burden not only on the healthcare systems in the Member States but also on the family and carers of the patients.
Čeprav se je uporaba človeških organov za presajanje v zadnjih desetletjih po vsej EU postopno povečala, je število ljudi, ki potrebujejo presadek, večje od števila organov, ki so na voljo za presaditev.
Although the use of human organs for transplantation has steadily increased during the past decades across the EU, the number of people requiring a transplant is greater than the number of organs available for transplant.
Na čakalnih seznamih v Zahodni Evropi je zdaj približno 40.000 bolnikov.
Nearly 40.000 patients are now on waiting lists in Western Europe.
Stopnja smrtnosti zaradi čakanja na presaditev srca, jeter ali pljuč je običajno 15- do 30-odstotna.
Mortality rates while waiting for a heart, liver or lung transplant usually range from 15 to 30%.
Kakovost in varnost
Quality and safety
Z uporabo organov lahko pride do tveganja širitve bolezni na prejemnika organa.
The use of organs in therapy poses a risk of diseases being transmitted to the recipient.
Nevarnost ne vključuje le prenosa nalezljivih bolezni (virusnih, bakterijskih in glivičnih okužb, virusa humane imunske pomanjkljivosti (HIV), virusa hepatitisa B (HBV), virusa hepatitisa C (HCV)), ampak tudi prenos malignih bolezni, na primer različnih vrst raka.
Risks include not only the transmission of communicable diseases (viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, human, immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV)) but also the transmission of malignant diseases, such as the transmission of different types of cancers.
Testiranje darovalcev je pomembno za zmanjšanje nevarnosti za prejemnika; bistveno je, da se darovalci pregledajo in testirajo ter da se tako ugotovi, ali nevarnost prenosa bolezni obstaja ali ne.
Donor testing is important in minimising the risks to the recipient; it is essential to screen donors and establish the presence or absence of risk of disease transmission.
Da se določi standardna stopnja varnosti darovalca, je treba izvesti minimalni sklop preiskav.
In order to establish the standard level of donor safety, a minimum set of examinations should be performed.
Vendar zdaj o teh testih države med seboj niso dogovorjene.
However, there is no consensus today between Member States on these tests.
Ocena morebitnih darovalcev organov pred presaditvijo je bistven element presajanja ustreznih organov.
Pre-transplant evaluation of potential donors is a vital part of solid organ transplantation.
To pomeni, da je primernost darovalca bistven pogoj za darovanje.
In other words, donor suitability is an essential prerequisite for donation.
Glavni cilji vključujejo: določitev pogojev za izločitev darovalca; opredelitev mogočih okužb pred presaditvijo in določitev stopnje nevarnosti, da se določijo strategije za preprečevanje vplivov po presaditvi.
The main goals include: identifying conditions which disqualify donors; identifying possible pre-transplant infections and defining the level of risk in order to determine strategies for preventing post-transplant effects.
Razlike pri pregledih in testiranjih živega darovalca ali umrlega darovalca so večinoma povezane z različnimi časovnimi obdobji, ki so na voljo za preglede in testiranja.
The differences on screening between the living donor and the deceased donor are largely based on the different time at which this screening takes place.
Pri živem darovalcu je mogoče aktivno okužbo zdraviti in preložiti presaditev, dokler takšna okužba ni odpravljena.
For the living donor it is possible to treat active infection and to defer transplant until such infection resolves.
Časovni okvir pri umrlem darovalcu je običajno opredeljen v urah.
By contract the timeframe for deceased donor evaluation is typically hours.
Merila za primernost darovalca je treba določiti v skladu z veljavnimi sprejetimi medicinskimi standardi.
Donor suitability criteria should be established according to existing accepted medical standards.
Dolgoročno dodatno spremljanje in opazovanje bolnikov po presaditvi sta prav tako potrebna, da se ocenijo najboljši rezultati zdravljenja za bolnike.
Long-term follow-up and monitoring of patients following transplants are also needed to evaluate the best treatment outcomes for patients.
Spremljanje in ocena rezultatov po presaditvi sta bistvena, zato ju je treba izvajati na podlagi skupne metodologije, kar zagotavlja najvišje zdravstvene in varnostne standarde v vseh državah članicah.
The monitoring and evaluation of post-transplant results is crucial and should therefore be carried out on the basis of a common methodology, which ensures the maximum health and safety standards in all Member States.
Zdaj se presajeni organi dodatno spremljajo le približno 9 do 12 mesecev po presaditvi.
Currently, organ transplants are only followed up for around 9 months to 12 months following the transplant.
Oceno in rezultate presaditve je treba razširiti na več let, da se pridobi najboljša ocena rezultatov v kliničnem in ekonomskem smislu.
Evaluation of transplant outcomes should be extended to several years, to give the best evaluation of outcomes, both clinically and in economic terms.
Pomanjkanje organov
Organ Shortage
Veliko pomanjkanje darovalcev organov ostaja glavni izziv, s katerim se v zvezi s presajanjem organov srečujejo države članice.
The severe shortage of organ donors remains the main challenge that Member States face with regard to organ transplantation.
Vedno daljši čakalni seznami so resna težava.
Growing waiting lists are a serious problem.
V Zahodni Evropi zdaj več kot 40.000 bolnikov čaka na ledvico.
More than 40,000 patients are currently waiting for a kidney in Western Europe.
Čakalni seznami so se podaljšali v vseh državah EU in tudi drugod po svetu.
Waiting lists have become longer in all EU countries as well as in the rest of the world.
Tudi v primerih stalnega povečevanja števila darovalcev je čakalne sezname in čakalne dobe zelo težko skrajšati.
Even in cases of sustained increases in the number of donors, waiting lists and waiting times are very difficult to shorten.
Oblikovanje učinkovitega sistema za opredelitev oseb, ki bi lahko postale darovalci po smrti, ko bodo izpolnjene vse obvezne zahteve po soglasju v državah članicah, je ključni element pri preprečevanju pomanjkanja organov.
The establishment of an efficient system for identifying persons that could become organ donors upon their death, once all mandatory consent requirements in Member States have been met, is a key element in fighting organ shortage.
Postopek ocenjevanja primernosti organa poteka v več fazah, pri čemer se osredotoča na a) opredelitev sprejemljivih in nesprejemljivih nevarnosti za prenos nalezljivih ali neoplastičnih bolezni ter b) določitev praktičnih korakov za postopek ocene nevarnosti, pri čemer je treba v posameznih primerih upoštevati nalezljive bolezni, posebno stanje prejemnika v zvezi z nalezljivimi boleznimi ter razpoložljiva sredstva za preprečevanje in zdravljenje bolezni.
The process of evaluation of organ suitability is a multiphase event, focused on a) the definition of acceptable-unacceptable risk of transmission of infectious or neoplastic diseases and b) the establishment of practical steps for the risk evaluation process, considering in the single case the transmittable disease, the specific conditions of the recipient with respect to the transmittable disease, the available means of prevention and the treatment of the disease.
Druga pomembna možnost za razširitev kroga darovalcev je spodbujanje nesebičnega darovanja živih darovalcev.
Another important option in expanding the donor pool is considering the promotion of altruistic donations from living donors.
Zaradi obolevnosti in umrljivosti bolnikov, ki čakajo na presaditev, je treba podrobno preučiti vse morebitne darovalce, ki običajno ne bi veljali za najustreznejšega kandidata; to se imenuje razširjeni krog darovalcev (tj. dovolitev presaditve organov bolnikov, okuženih z virusom HIV, drugim bolnikom, okuženim z virusom HIV).
The morbidity and mortality of patients waiting for transplantation require careful consideration of those potential donors who would normally not be considered as ideal candidates; these are called expanded donors (i.e. allowing transplants from HIV positive patients to other HIV positive patients.)
V primerih takšne razširitve kroga darovalcev se zdravniki srečujejo s povečano verjetnostjo zavrnitve organov in postopnim prenehanjem delovanja presajenega organa.
When the donor pool is expanded in this way, doctors are concerned with increased likelihood of rejection of the organs and gradual decline of the function of the grafted organ.
Bistveno je, da se podpirajo metode za preprečevanje in zdravljenje zavrnitve organov, zato da bodo zdravniki lahko z zaupanjem uporabljali razširjeni krog darovalcev.
It is vital to support methods to prevent and treat organ rejection so that the expanded pool can be used with confidence by doctors.
Usposabljanje in zaposlovanje zdravstvenih delavcev, odgovornih za opredelitev morebitnih darovalcev, sta se prav tako izkazala za koristna in ju je treba spodbujati, kadar viri to omogočajo.
The training and employment of health professionals responsible for identifying potential donors has also proven to be useful and must be encouraged wherever resources allow it.
Biotehnologija že ponuja rešitve, npr. zdravljenje, ki zmanjšuje stopnje zavrnitve, kar bo zagotovilo večjo razpoložljivost organov, saj bo zdravnikom omogočilo, da zdravijo ali celo preprečijo zavrnitve.
Biotechnology is already offering solutions e.g., treatments that reduce rates of rejection, which will, in turn, support the availability of more organs, by allowing doctors to treat or even prevent rejection.
Tako dobi razširjeni krog darovalcev podporo, saj se zmanjšuje tveganje, ki je povezano s programi teh razširjenih krogov.
This, therefore, helps support the expanded donor pool, by reducing the risk associated with expanded organ programmes.
Omeniti je treba, da lahko raziskovalci s področja biotehnologije v prihodnosti pridobijo organe iz obstoječih tkiv, in sicer lastnih tkiv bolnikov (avtologno) ali tkiv darovalcev (alogensko).
It is worth mentioning that in the future, biotechnology may offer the possibility for researchers to grow organs from existing tissues, either from the patient themselves (autologous) or from other tissue donors (allogeneic).
Delo za spodbujanje takšnih raziskav, ki jih pogosto izvajajo novonastala evropska mala in srednje velika biotehnološka podjetja, je treba podpirati, kadar koli je to mogoče, v kulturnih in etičnih okvirih, ki veljajo v državah članicah.
Work to promote such research, which is often carried out by Europe’s emerging SME biotech companies, should be stimulated wherever possible, within the cultural and ethical frameworks laid down in the Member States.
Organizacijski vidiki
Organisational aspects
Organizacijski sistemi vplivajo na kakovost in varnost organov ter tudi na njihovo razpoložljivost.
Organisational systems not only have an impact on quality and safety of organs but also on their availability.
V državah članicah in med njimi obstajajo velike razlike pri dejavnostih darovanja in presajanja organov.
There are severe discrepancies in organ donation and transplantation activity within and between Member States.
Različni organizacijski sistemi v Evropi so posledica njihovega izvora in zgodovine.
The different organisational systems in Europe are the result of their origin and history.
Primerjava med državami kaže, da se stopnje darovanja ne ujemajo vedno z deležem ljudi, ki so v teh državah pred tem izrazili pripravljenost za darovanje organov.
Comparison between countries shows that final national donation rates do not always correlate with the percentage of people who have previously declared themselves ready to donate in these countries.
To jasno kaže, kako pomembna je vzpostavitev učinkovitega sistema za presajanje, ki omogoča, da so organi ljudi, ki so jih pripravljeni darovati, na voljo.
This clearly indicates the importance of having an efficient transplant system in place ensuring that the organs of people willing to donate become available.
Pogoj za kakršno koli ukrepanje na tem področju je oblikovanje ustreznega sistema za presajanje na nacionalni ravni.
A prerequisite for any action in this area is the establishment of an adequate transplant system at national level.
Ta sistem potrebuje ustrezen pravni okvir, ki ni tržno usmerjen, ter kakovostno tehnično in organizacijsko podporo.
Such a system requires an appropriate legal framework, which is not market-oriented, and a good technical approach as well as organisational support.
V organizacijskem sistemu imajo pomembno vlogo pristojni organi.
The role of competent authorities is crucial in the organisational system.
Ti organi morajo zagotoviti usklajenost z osnovnimi standardi in organizirati dejavnosti v zvezi z darovanjem in presajanjem organov.
These authorities must ensure compliance with basic standards and organise the donation and transplantation activities.
Uporabiti in spodbujati je treba najučinkovitejši organizacijski sistem.
The most efficient organisational systems should be used and promoted.
Kot je že bilo omenjeno, so presaditve organov pod velikim časovnim pritiskom.
As mentioned above, organ transplants are subject to time pressure.
Postopek od pridobitve do presaditve organa je treba izvesti v nekaj urah (da organ preživi).
The process from procurement to transplantation should be completed in a few hours (in order to preserve organ viability).
Poleg tega se morata za presaditev organa darovalec in prejemnik ujemati.
In addition, for organs to be transplanted the donor has to match with the recipient.
To pomeni, da je organizacijska struktura ključni element sistemov za darovanje/presajanje organov.
This makes the organisational structure a key element of organ donation/transplantation systems.
Kot del te organizacije je pomemben učinkovit sistem dodelitve, ki upošteva kratko časovno obdobje hranjenja organa in potrebo po zagotovitvi, da organ v skladu z vnaprej določenimi merili dobi najustreznejši prejemnik.
As part of this organisation, an effective allocation system is essential, which takes into account the short time organs can be maintained and the need to ensure that the organ is assigned to the most suitable recipient, according to predefined criteria.
Ozaveščanje javnosti
Public awareness
Tudi ozaveščanje javnosti in javno mnenje imata pomembno vlogo pri povečevanju števila organov za presajanje.
Public awareness and public opinion also have an important role to play in increasing organ donation.
Darovanje in presajanje organov sta vrsti zdravljenja, pri razvoju katerih mora sodelovati celotna družba.
Organ donation and transplantation are medical treatments that require the full participation of society for their development.
S tem področjem je povezanih več zapletenih in občutljivih etičnih vprašanj, pri čemer je očitno, da države članice te vidike obravnavajo različno, odvisno od prevladujočih vrednot in prepričanja.
Many complex and sensitive ethical issues are linked to this area, and it has become clear that several of these aspects are dealt with differently in different countries depending on the prevailing values and beliefs.
Te različne vrednote in vprašanja se morajo ohranjati ter obravnavati na nacionalni ravni.
These different values and concerns should remain and should be dealt with at a national level.
Večjo pripravljenost javnosti za darovanje organov je mogoče podpirati z boljšim obveščanjem zdravstvenih delavcev in medijev o vprašanjih presajanja organov.
Increasing public willingness to donate can be supported by improving the knowledge of health professionals and the media about transplantation issues.
Stalno izobraževanje bi moralo biti bistven element katere koli komunikacijske strategije.
Continued education should form an important element in any communication strategy.
Ljudi bi morali spodbujati, naj govorijo o darovanju in svoje želje zaupajo svojim sorodnikom.
People should be encouraged to speak about organ donation and to communicate their wishes to their relatives.
Med pripravljenostjo za darovanje organov in dejstvom, da so morebitni darovalci o tem govorili s svojimi sorodniki, obstaja pomembna pozitivna povezava.
There is a strong positive correlation between having discussed it within the family and the willingness to donate organs.
To pomeni, da je ozaveščenost javnosti treba čim bolj okrepiti z zagotovitvijo ustreznih informacij na zahtevo ter njihovim obsežnim razširjanjem v lokalnih, regionalnih in centralnih skupnostih v državah članicah, vključno s šolami, klinikami, socialnimi ustanovami in občinskimi centri ter cerkvami, vendar ne zgolj v njih.
In other words, public awareness must be enhanced to the as much as possible, both through provision of adequate information upon request, and its extensive dissemination to local, regional and central communities in Member States, including, but not limited to, schools, clinics, social and community centres and churches.
Poleg tega je treba glede na to, da so ljudje bolj pripravljeni darovati organe, če so o tem prej razpravljali z družino, obsežne informacije zagotoviti družini darovalca ali morebitnega darovalca.
Additionally, in the light of the evidence that people are more willing to donate organs if they have discussed the matter first with their family, comprehensive information should be provided to the family of the donor or potential donor.
Druga vprašanja
Other Issues
* Usklajevanje in druge dejavnosti
* Co-ordination and other activities
Glede na to, da izmenjava organov ni usklajena na vseevropski ravni, je bistveno, da se sedanje ureditve za izmenjavo organov med državami članicami okrepijo in podrobneje uskladijo, zato da bodo zajemale nacionalne potrebe in se bo povečala učinkovitost takšne izmenjave.
Bearing in mind that there is no pan-European coordination of organ exchange, it is crucial that the existing arrangements for organ exchange between Member States are reinforced and coordinated in a more specific way in order to cover national needs and increase the efficiency of such exchanges.
Pri tem se ne smejo ogroziti sedanje prakse in se ne sme povečati upravno breme.
The existing practices should not be jeopardised nor should the administrative burden be increased.
Altruizem mora biti glavni element darovanja in presajanja organov.
Altruism must constitute the main element of organ donation and transplantation.
Ekonomska terminologija, uporabljena v sporočilu Komisije, tako ni primerna, zlasti z vidika načela nekomercializacije človeškega telesa.
The economic terminology used in the Commission's Communication is therefore not adequate, in particular in view of the principle of non-commercialisation of the human body.
Zato uporabljeni jezik nikakor ne sme namigovati, da se lahko organi obravnavajo kot blago na notranjem trgu.
Therefore, the language used must not suggest, under any circumstances, that organs may be treated as a commodity of the Internal Market.