natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Datum uporabe uredbe o splošni varnosti je treba spremeniti v skladu s predlogom spremembe o členu 11(1).
The application date of this General Safety Regulation needs to be amended in line with the amendment on Art. 11 para 1.
Posode za gorivo/naprave za zaščito pred podletom od zadaj
Fuel tanks/rear protective devices
Zadnja registrska tablica
Rear registration plate
Zvočna opozorilna naprava
Audible warning
Radijske motnje (elektromagnetna združljivost)
Radio interference (electromagnetic compatibility)
Zunanji štrleči deli
Exterior projections
Gabaritne, prednje pozicijske, zadnje pozicijske, zavorne, bočne svetilke in svetilke za dnevno vožnjo
End-outline, front-position (side), rear-position (side), stop, side marker, daytime running lamps
Žarometi (vključno z žarnicami)
Headlamps (including bulbs)
Varnostni pasovi in sistemi za zadrževanje
Seat belts and restraint systems
Označevanje naprav za upravljanje, kontrolnih svetilk in kazalnikov
Identification of controls, tell-tales and indicators
Ogrevalni sistemi
Heating systems
Nasloni za glavo
Head restraints
Bočna zaščita
Lateral protection
Sistemi za preprečevanje škropljenja izpod koles
Spray-suppression systems
Varnostna stekla
Safety glazing
Naprave za omejevanje hitrosti
Speed limitation devices
Zunanji štrleči deli kabin
External projections of cabs
Bočni trk
Side impact
Vozila, namenjena za prevoz nevarnega blaga
Vehicles intended for the transport ation of dangerous goods
Zaščita pred podletom od spredaj
Front underrun protection
Nova priloga dopolnjuje novo besedilo člena 5(3), saj se zdi, da je v izvirnem besedilu opredelitev področja uporabe uredbe zaupano Komisiji.
This new Annex supplements the revised wording on Article 5.3 where the original wording appears to delegate the definition of the scope of the Regulation to the Commission.
Priloga I – del C – točka 1 – točka 1.1 – pododstavek 1 a (novo)
Annex I – Part C – point 1 - point 1.1 - subparagraph 1 a (new)
Za zimske pnevmatike, pnevmatike za dodatno obremenitev in ojačane pnevmatike se zgornje mejne vrednosti povečajo za 1 dB(A).
For snow tyres , extra load tyres and reinforced tyres, the above limits shall be increased by 1 dB(A).
Mejne vrednosti, ki jih predlaga Komisija, so prenizke, ker bi postavile pod vprašaj temeljne varnostne zahteve, poleg tega pa sedanje predlagane mejne vrednosti za industrijo ne bi bile izvedljive.
The limits proposed by the Commission are too low because they would put into question essential security requirements, moreover, the current limits proposed are not feasible for industry.
V kategoriji C1 bi bilo treba preoblikovati približno 50 % vseh obstoječih družin pnevmatik.
In the C1 category, approximately 50% of all existing tyre families would have to be redesigned.
Priloga I – del C – točka 1 – točka 1.2 – tabela
Annex I - Part C - point 1 - point 1.2 - table
Razred pnevmatike
Tyre class
Nazivna širina pnevmatike (mm)
Nominal section width (mm)
Mejne vrednosti v dB(a)
Limit values in dB(A)
Pnevmatike z dobrim oprijemom
Traction tyres
Učinkovite mejne vrednosti hrupa za pnevmatike gospodarskih vozil so posebnega pomena, saj ta vozila predstavljajo velik in rastoči odstotek cestnih vozil v EU.
Effective noise limits for commercial vehicle tyres are of particular importance as commercial vehicles represent a large and growing proportion of road vehicles in the EU.
Mejne vrednosti, ki jih predlaga Komisija, se že upoštevajo za znaten odstotek pnevmatik, ki so trenutno na voljo.
The limit values proposed by the Commission are already met by a substantial proportion of currently available tyres.
Zlasti običajne mejne vrednosti, ki jih je Komisija predlagala za pnevmatike C3, že upošteva 75 % trenutnega trga.
In particular, the C3 normal limit values proposed by the Commission are already met by 75% of the current market.
Približno 30 - 40 % pnevmatik za gospodarska vozila, ki so trenutno na voljo, upošteva spremenjene mejne vrednosti, kar ponuja učinkovitejše sredstvo za zmanjševanje hrupa, povezanega s cestnim prometom.
Approximately 30-40% of currently available commercial vehicle tyres comply with the amended limit values, which thus offers a more effective means of reducing road traffic noise.
Priloga I – del C – točka 1 a (novo)
Annex I - Part C - point 1 a (new)
Ravni hrupa, določene v skladu s postopkom iz izvedbenih ukrepov k tej uredbi, ne presegajo mejnih vrednosti, določenih v točki 1.1 ali 1.2.
The noise levels determined in accordance with the procedure specified in the implementing measures to this Regulation shall not exceed the limits designated in points 1 .1 or 1 .2.
Preglednici v točkah 1.1 in 1.2 predstavljata izmerjene vrednosti, popravljene za temperaturo, razen v primeru pnevmatik C3, in odstopanje instrumenta ter zaokrožene navzdol na najbližjo celo vrednost.
The tables in points 1 .1 and 1 .2 represent the measured values corrected for temperature, except in the case of C3 tyres, and instrument tolerance, and are rounded down to the nearest whole value.
Za znatno zmanjšanje števila evropskih državljanov, ki so izpostavljeni nesprejemljivim ravnem prometnega hrupa, se potrebuje strožja druga stopnja.
A tighter second phase is necessary to substantially reduce the number of Europeans exposed to unacceptable levels of traffic noise.
V drugi stopnji bi morale mejne vrednosti spodbujati razvoj novih tehnologij in tehnik.
In the second phase, the limit values should encourage the development of new technologies and techniques.
Mejne vrednosti druge stopnje so določene na ravni prvih 10 % trenutno razpoložljivih modelov.
The second stage limit values are set at the level of the top 10% of currently available models.
Nujno se potrebuje višja ciljna raven, da se tako zaščiti javno zdravje in zmanjša negativen vpliv prometnega hrupa na kakovost življenja za več kot 210 milijonov državljanov EU, ki so izpostavljeni ravnem prometnega hrupa, ki so za zdravje potencialno škodljive.
A higher level of ambition is urgently needed to protect public health and reduce the negative impact of traffic noise on the quality of life of over 210 million EU citizens exposed to levels of traffic noise which are potentially dangerous to health.
Predlagana uredba določa usklajena pravila za zahteve za homologacijo za splošno varnost motornih vozil, da se zagotovita delovanje notranjega trga in hkrati višja raven varnosti in varstva okolja.
The proposed Regulation lays down harmonised rules on type approval requirements for the general safety of motor vehicles with a view to ensuring the good functioning of the internal market while at the same time providing for a higher level of safety and environmental protection.
Te zahteve za homologacijo so bile usklajene na ravni Skupnosti, da se prepreči razlikovanje med sistemi držav članic ter zagotovi visoka raven varnosti v cestnem prometu in varstva okolja po vsej Skupnosti.
These type approval requirements have been harmonised at Community level in order to avoid differing systems from one Member State to another, and to ensure a high level of road safety and environmental protection throughout the Community.
Ozadje poenostavitve in njeni učinki
Background to the Simplification exercise and effects
Cilj predloga uredbe je bistveno poenostaviti zakonodajo o homologaciji na področju varnosti motornih vozil in pnevmatik z eno uredbo Sveta in Parlamenta.
The proposed Regulation aims to significantly simplify the type-approval legislation in the field of motor vehicle safety and tyres with one Council and Parliament Regulation.
Na mednarodni ravni je ES s sklepom 97/836/ES s 27. novembra 1997
At the international level, the EC acceded to the Revised UNECE Agreement on the adoption of uniform technical prescriptions for vehicles (the Revised 1958 Agreement) by Decision 97/836/EC of 27 November 1997
(UL L 346, 17.12.1997, str.
(OJ L 346 of 17.12.1997, p.
Uredbe Gospodarske komisije ZN za Evropo so mednarodni instrumenti, sprejeti v okviru revidiranega sporazuma iz leta 1958.
UNECE regulations are international instruments adopted in the framework of the Revised 1958 Agreement.
V skladu s členom 4(4) sklepa 97/836/ES je možno skleniti (po postopku privolitve), da se uredba Gospodarske komisije uporablja za homologacije vozil v EU.
Pursuant to Article 4(4) of Decision 97/836/EC, it may be decided (under the assent procedure) that an UNECE regulation applies for the purposes of vehicles type-approval in the EC.
Na ravni ES okvirna direktiva o odobritvi (Direktiva 2007/46/ES s 5. septembra 2007
At the EC level, the Framework Directive (FWD) on Type-Approval (Directive 2007/46/EC of 5 September 2007
UL L 263, 5.10.2007, str.
OJ L 263 of 5.10.2007, p.
1. ) določa splošna pravila in postopke za homologacijo vozil, vendar ne določa tehničnih zahtev, na podlagi kateri je treba podeliti homologacijo.
1 ) lays down the general rules and procedures for type-approval of vehicles but does not provide itself for the technical requirements on the basis of which type-approval must be granted.
Te zahteve so določene v drugih instrumentih, ki so lahko uredbe Gospodarske komisije ZN za Evropo ali direktive oziroma uredbe ES in njihovi izvedbeni ukrepi
Those requirements are set in other instruments, which may be UNECE regulations or EC Directives or Regulations and implementing measures thereof
Glej člen 1, pododstavek 3, v povezavi s členom 3, točki 1 in 2 okvirne direktive. .
See Article 1, third subparagraph, in conjunction with Article 3, points 1 and 2 of the FWD .
Izčrpen seznam teh instrumentov je v prilogi IV okvirne direktive.
An exhaustive list of those instruments features in Annex IV of the FWD.
Namen predloga nove uredbe je:
The proposed new Regulation is intended to:
a) nadomestiti obstoječ sklop natančnih tehničnih zahtev, določenih v direktivah in uredbah iz člena 15, s splošnimi zahtevami v zvezi z varnostjo;
a) replace the existing set of detailed technical requirements set out in the Directives and Regulations listed in Article 15 with a number of general requirements regarding safety;
b) nadomestiti te direktive in uredbe;
b) repeal those Directives and Regulations;
c) pooblastiti Komisijo, da s pomočjo komitologije sprejme natančna tehnična pravila za izvrševanje zgoraj navedenih splošnih zahtev (členi 5(3), 6(3), 10(3) in 13).
c) empower the Commission to adopt through Comitology (RPS) the detailed technical rules intended to implement the general requirements referred to above (Articles 5(3), 6(3), 10(3) and 13).
Tako bodo veljavne natančne tehnične zahteve v zvezi z varnostjo, ki so določene v številnih direktivah in uredbah EU, nadomeščene z novim sklopom pravil, pri katerem bo splošna načela določala zakonodaja (v predlagani uredbi), medtem ko bo tehnične podrobnosti določila Komisija z regulativnim postopkom s pregledom.
So the existing detailed technical requirements relating to safety, which are laid down in a number of EC Directives or Regulations, will be replaced by a new set of rules, in which the general principles are established by the legislature (in the proposed Regulation) while the technical details are defined by the Commission through RPS.
Vendar so v predlogu Komisije številne določbe, ki povzročajo zaskrbljenost v zvezi s spoštovanjem pravil komitologije.
However, there are a number of provisions in the Commission proposal which give concern in terms of respect of Comitology rules.
Zlasti se zdi, da člen 5(3) pooblašča Komisijo, da določi področje delovanja uredbe.
In particular, Article 5(3) appears to delegate the definition of the scope of the Regulation to the Commission.
To je bistveni vidik uredbe, o katerem bi morali odločati zakonodajalci.
This is however an essential aspect of the Regulation which is for the legislature to decide.
Poleg tega v členu 6(6) niso določena merila za določitev "dodatnih varnostnih zahtev" za prevoz nevarnega blaga, enako velja za člena 10(3) in 13(1), kolikor se sklicujejo na "nadaljnje tehnične zahteve", ki naj jih določi.
Furthermore, in Article 6(6), the criteria for setting out the " additional safety requirements " applicable to transport of dangerous goods are not specified, and the same applies in Articles 10(3) and 13(1) in so far as they refer to " further technical requirements " to be established by the Commission.
Te določbe so problematične, ker ni jasno določen obseg pooblastil, ki je zaupan Komisiji.
These provisions are problematic in that the ambit of the powers conferred on the Commission is not clearly defined.
Poročevalec zato priporoča sprejetje predlaganih sprememb, da se odpravijo te težave.
Your Rapporteur therefore recommends making corresponding amendments to address these problems.
Novi ukrepi
New measures
Na voljo je nova tehnologija, ki lahko bistveno poveča varnost vozil ali zmanjša emisije CO2.
New technologies are available which can dramatically improve vehicle safety or reduce CO2 emissions.
Raziskave kažejo, da bi uvedba takšne tehnologije kot standardih sistemov na novih vozilih zagotovila znatne koristi.
Research indicates that there would be significant benefits if such technologies were introduced as standard systems on new vehicles.
Z določitvijo enotnih obveznih zahtev bi se prav tako preprečila razdrobljenost notranjega trga kot posledica različnih standardov za proizvode v državah članicah.
Setting common mandatory requirements would also prevent fragmentation of the internal market from varying product standards emerging across Member States.
Predlog določa obvezno vgrajevanje sistemov elektronskega nadzora stabilnosti v vsa vozila, sistemov za nadzor tlaka v pnevmatikah v osebna vozila ter naprednih zavornih sistemov v sili in sistemov opozarjanja pred zapustitvijo voznega pasu v težka tovorna vozila.
The proposal requires mandatory fitting of Electronic Stability Control Systems on all vehicles, Tyre Pressure Monitoring Systems on passenger cars, and Advanced Emergency Braking Systems and Lane Departure Warning Systems on heavy-duty vehicles.
Poročevalec preučuje, ali so to edini pomembni napredni varnostni dodatki, ki so trenutno na voljo, kot denimo tehnologija za ohranjanje pritiska v pnevmatikah in klimatske naprave.
Your Rapporteur is considering whether these are the only relevant advanced safety features available at present e.g. tyre pressure retention technologies, and air conditioning.
Namen predloga je tudi zmanjšati škodljivosti vozil za okolje z zmanjšanjem emisij CO2 in cestnega hrupa zaradi pnevmatik, v povezavi s predlagano uredbo o določanju standardov emisijskih vrednosti za nove osebne avtomobile, ki je del celovitega pristopa Skupnosti za zmanjšanje emisij CO2 iz lahkih tovornih vozil
The proposal also aims, in the context of the proposed Regulation on setting emmission performance standards for new passenger cars as part pf the Community's integrated approach to reduce CO2 emissions from light duty vehicles
COM (2007) 856 konč., 2007/0297(COD) , odbor ENVI .
COM (2007)856 final; 2007/0297(COD) ENVI Committee lead. , at enhancing the environmental performance of vehicles by reducing the amount of vehicle CO2 emissions and road noise from tyres.
Predlog uvaja nove zahteve o oprijemu na mokri podlagi in kotalnem uporu pnevmatik.
The proposal introduces new requirements on wet grip and tyre rolling resistance.
Poročevalec še raziskuje, ali je predlagano ravnovesje med varnostnimi vidiki in okoljskimi koristmi primerno.
Your Rapporteur is still investigating whether the proposed balance between security aspects and environmental benefits is appropriate.
Predlagane mejne vrednosti hrupa za pnevmatike so strožje kot tiste, določene v veljavni zakonodaji.
The proposed noise emission limit values for tyres are more stringent than those set out in existing legislation.
V zvezi s tem predlagatelj meni, da so te omejitve ambiciozne, zlasti v razmerju do truda, ki ga je mogoče vložiti za zmanjšanje hrupa s cestne površine, kar pa ni del predloga, in kar bi tudi imelo pozitiven učinek na emisije CO2.
In this regard your Rapporteur is of the view that these limits are ambitious in relation in particular to efforts which could be made on reducing road surface noise, which is not part of this proposal, and which would also positively impact on CO2 emissions.
Nadalje poročevalec meni, da bi bilo treba politiko hrupa morda obravnavati v medsektorski direktivi, ki bi vključevala ves hrup, ki izvira od prometa.
Furthermore your Rapporteur believes that noise policy should perhaps be dealt with in a more cross-cutting proposal covering all transport noise.
Splošno mnenje poročevalca in cilji boljše pravne ureditve
Overall Rapporteur position and Better regulation objectives
Poročevalec odločno podpira cilje predloga glede emisij CO2 in meni, da bi bilo treba morda te cilje vidneje povezati s tekočim delom Parlamenta o določanju standardov delovanja za nova osebna vozila.
Your Rapporteur strongly supports the CO2 emissions goals of the proposal and considers that these objectives should perhaps be more visibly tied to the Parliaments ongoing work on the Regulation setting performance standards for new passenger cars.
Poročevalec meni, da bi moral biti trg kot celota dobro pripravljen za jasen in pravočasen začetek izvrševanja uvedenih novosti brez večjih motenj za industrijo in dobavne verige, kar pojasnjuje njegov predlog spremembe, ki dodatno usklajuje predlagane datume za začetek izvrševanja in ustrezne manjše zamude pri izvrševanju.
Your Rapporteur however considers that the market should be well prepared as a whole for clear and timely implementation of the new prerogatives without significant disruption to industry and supply chains, which explains his amendments further harmonising the proposed implementation dates, and the corresponding marginal implementation delays.
Glavna skrb poročevalca je, da se prepriča, ali predlog resnično prispeva h konkurenčnosti avtomobilske industrije z učinkovitejšo poenostavitvijo obstoječe zakonodaje o homologaciji za varnost vozil, povečanjem preglednosti in znižanjem upravne obremenitve.
His overall concern is to see that the proposal as amended truly contributes to the competitiveness of the automotive industry by more effecti
Obstoječa zakonodaja o homologaciji v EU za področje izdelave motornih vozil nalaga poenotene predpise, s čimer zagotavlja delovanje notranjega trga, hkrati pa nudi visoko raven varnosti in varstva okolja.
The existing type-approval legislation in the EU imposes harmonised rules on the construction of motor vehicles to ensure the functioning of the internal market while providing for a high level of safety and environmental protection.
Trenutno zakonodajo sestavlja 60 direktiv, od katerih je 50 posvečenih varnosti, 10 pa okolju.
The current legislation comprises a set of 60 directives, 50 dealing with safety and 10 with the environment.
Dandanes so na voljo nove tehnologije, ki bi lahko dodatno izboljšale varnost vozil (na primer sistemi elektronskega nadzora stabilnosti) ali znižale emisije CO2 (na primer pnevmatike z nizkim količnikom kotalnega upora), če bi jih začeli serijsko vgrajevati v nova vozila.
Today new technologies are available which can further improve vehicle safety (such as Electronic Stability Control Systems) or reduce CO2 emissions (e.g. low rolling-resistance tyres) if such technologies were introduced as standard on new vehicles.
Komisija je v svojem sporočilu o konkurenčnem ureditvenem okviru za avtomobilsko industrijo v 21. stoletju (sporočilo CARS 21: KOM(2007)0022 ) poudarila, kako pomembna je boljša in poenostavljena zakonodaja, iz katere bi bilo treba odstraniti odvečne ali zastarele predpise oziroma jih spremeniti ter tako evropski avtomobilski industriji zagotoviti konkurenčnost na svetovni ravni.
In its Communication on a Competitive Automotive Regulatory Framework for the 21st Century (CARS 21 Communication: COM(2007)0022 ), the Commission underlined the importance of better regulation and regulatory simplification, i.e. to eliminate and modify superfluous or obsolete regulations, to enable the European car industry to compete at a global level.
Cilji osnutka uredbe:
Objectives of the draft regulation:
S predlogom uredbe želi Komisija bistveno poenostaviti obstoječo zakonodajo, in sicer tako da bo nadomestila 50 osnovnih direktiv s področja varnosti motornih vozil in pnevmatik z eno uredbo Sveta in Parlamenta.
With this proposed regulation the Commission seeks to simplify significantly the existing legislation by replacing 50 base Directives in the field of motor vehicle safety and tyres with one Council and Parliament Regulation.
50 direktiv o homologaciji vozil bo razveljavljenih;
The 50 Directives on the type-approval of vehicles will be repealed;
Predlagana uredba uvaja tudi nove obvezne zahteve glede naprednih varnostnih elementov, denimo obvezno vgradnjo sistemov elektronskega nadzora stabilnosti v vsa vozila, sistemov za nadzor tlaka v pnevmatikah v osebna vozila ter naprednih zavornih sistemov v sili in sistemov opozarjanja pred zapustitvijo voznega pasu v težka tovorna vozila.
The proposed regulation also introduces new mandatory requirements on advanced safety features such as the mandatory fitting of Electronic Stability Control Systems on all vehicles; Tyre Pressure Monitoring Systems on passenger cars and Advanced Emergency Braking Systems and Lane Departure Warning Systems on heavy-duty vehicles;
Besedilo prav tako določa strožje mejne vrednosti emisij hrupa pri pnevmatikah in uvaja nove zahteve glede oprijema na mokri podlagi in kotalnega upora, predvsem z namenom znižanja emisij CO2.
Finally the text sets more stringent noise emission limit values for tyres and introduces new requirements on wet grip and rolling resistance, notably to reduce CO2 emissions.
Poenostavitev in boljša ureditev:
Simplification and better regulation:
Predlagano besedilo bo razveljavilo 50 direktiv
The proposed text repeals 50 Directives
Direktive 70/221/EGS, 70/222/EGS, 70/311/EGS, 70/387/EGS, 70/388/EGS, 71/320/EGS, 72/245/EGS, 74/60/EGS, 74/61/EGS, 74/297/EGS, 74/408/EGS, 74/483/EGS, 75/443/EGS, 76/114/EGS, 76/115/EGS, 76/756/EGS, 76/757/EGS, 76/758/EGS, 76/759/EGS, 76/760/EGS, 76/761/EGS, 76/762/EGS, 77/389/EGS, 77/538/EGS, 77/539/EGS, 77/540/EGS, 77/541/EGS, 77/649/EGS, 78/316/EGS, 78/317/EGS, 78/318/EGS, 78/549/EGS, 78/932/EGS, 89/297/EGS, 91/226/EGS, 92/21/EGS, 92/22/EGS, 92/24/EGS, 92/114/EGS, 94/20/ES, 95/28/ES, 96/27/ES, 96/79/ES, 97/27/ES, 98/91/ES, 2000/40/ES, 2001/56/ES, 2001/85/ES, 2003/97/ES, 92/23/EGS. in jih nadomestilo z eno uredbo, ki ji bo sledilo ducat izvedbenih ukrepov.
Directives 70/221/EEC, 70/222/EEC, 70/311/EEC, 70/387/EEC, 70/388/EEC, 71/320/EEC, 72/245/EEC, 74/60/EEC, 74/61/EEC, 74/297/EEC, 74/408/EEC, 74/483/EEC, 75/443/EEC, 76/114/EEC, 76/115/EEC, 76/756/EEC, 76/757/EEC, 76/758/EEC, 76/759/EEC, 76/760/EEC, 76/761/EEC, 76/762/EEC, 77/389/EEC, 77/538/EEC, 77/539/EEC, 77/540/EEC, 77/541/EEC, 77/649/EEC, 78/316/EEC, 78/317/EEC, 78/318/EEC, 78/549/EEC, 78/932/EEC, 89/297/EEC, 91/226/EEC, 92/21/EEC, 92/22/EEC, 92/24/EEC, 92/114/EEC, 94/20/EC, 95/28/EC, 96/27/EC, 96/79/EC, 97/27/EC, 98/91/EC, 2000/40/EC, 2001/56/EC, 2001/85/EC, 2003/97/EC, 92/23/EEC. and replaces them by one Regulation, which will be followed by a dozen of implementing measures.
Obstoječi pravilniki Ekonomske komisije Združenih narodov za Evropo ostanejo v veljavi.
In addition, the existing UN ECE regulations remain in place.
Pripravljavec mnenja dvomi, da bo predlog razveljavitve 50 direktiv dejansko poenostavil regulativni okvir, s katerim se avtomobilska industrija in industrija pnevmatik srečujeta v praksi.
Your draftsman questions whether the proposal to repeal 50 Directives will really simplify the regulatory framework faced by the car and tyre industries in practice.
Učinkovitejši način, ki je v skladu s priporočili skupine na visoki ravni CARS 21, bi utegnila biti sprememba priloge IV direktive 2007/46/ES, tako da bi se sklicevala neposredno na pravilnike UN/ECE.
A more efficient method, in line with the recommendations of the CARS 21 high level group report, might be to modify Annex IV of Directive 2007/46/EC to refer directly to UN ECE Regulations in the Annex.
Kljub temu, da je obseg predlagane uredbe zelo širok, je treba še v mnogih primerih postaviti konkretne zahteve.
Moreover, while the scope of the proposed regulation is broad, in many cases concrete requirements have still to be established.