natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Poročevalka je v tem strateškem poročilu navedla številne nujne ukrepe, da bi ženskam v Evropi zagotovili dostojno življenje.
Your rapporteur has compiled a number of measures in this strategic report which are absolutely necessary in order to guarantee women in Europe a decent life.
Evropski parlament je že sprejel resolucijo o nasilju nad ženskami
The European Parliament has previously adopted a resolution on violence against women
P7_TA(2009)0098 , Odprava nasilja nad ženskami. .
P7_TA (2009) 0098, Elimination of violence against women. .
Poudaril je, da je nujno treba sprejeti celovit pravni akt za boj proti vsem oblikam nasilja nad ženskami.
In this context, Parliament pointed out the need for a comprehensive legal act to combat all forms of violence against women.
Sprejeti je treba različne politične, socialne in pravne ukrepe.
There is a need for many different types of measures of a political, social and legal nature.
Komisija je v ta namen načeloma sprejela nekatere pomembne odločitve, predvsem je pripravila nov akcijski načrt za enakopravnost spolov (2010–2015), v katerem je poudarjeno, da je nasilje na podlagi spola eden od osrednjih problemov, s katerim se moramo soočiti, da bi dosegli resnično enakost spolov
The Commission has taken some important decisions in principle towards this end, particularly drawing up the new action plan for gender equality (2010-2015), which stresses that gender-based violence is one of the key problems to be addressed in order to achieve genuine gender equality
KOM(2010) Strategija za enakost 2010–2015, 4. .
COM(2010) Strategy for equality 2010–2015, 4. .
Napovedala je tudi, da bo leta 2011 predložila predlog strateškega načrta za boj proti nasilju na podlagi spola.
The Commission has also announced that it will submit a proposal in 2011 for a strategic plan to combat gender-based violence.
To poročilo je samoiniciativno poročilo Evropskega parlamenta.
This report is an own-initiative report of the European Parliament.
Nasilje na podlagi spola je kršitev temeljnih svoboščin in pravic, kot sta pravica do varnosti in človekovega dostojanstva.
Gender-based violence is a violation of fundamental freedoms and rights, such as the right to security and human dignity.
Problematika je zato deležna mednarodne pozornosti.
The problem has therefore received international attention.
Na četrti svetovni konferenci Organizacije združenih narodov o ženskah, ki je potekala v Pekingu leta 1995, so bila sprejeta izhodišča za ukrepe, ki opozarjajo na nasilje nad ženskami
The United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995 adopted a platform for action which drew attention to violence against women
Četrta svetovna konferenca OZN o ženskah, Peking 1995. .
The United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing 1995. .
V dokumentu je navedeno, da je preprečevanje in izkoreninjanje nasilja nad ženskami pomemben strateški cilj mednarodne skupnosti.
The document states that it is an important strategic objective for the international community to prevent and eliminate violence against women.
Prav tako vsebuje jasno zahtevo, da morajo vlade številnih držav uvesti in izvajati zakonodajo za boj proti nasilju.
The document makes clear demands on the governments of the various States to introduce and enforce the legislation required to combat violence.
Ekonomski in socialni svet Organizacije združenih narodov (ECOSOC) bo na svoji seji leta 2013 posebej prednostno obravnaval odpravo nasilja nad ženskami in dekleti
The United Nations Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC, will give particular priority to the elimination of violence against women and girls at its meeting in 2013
Resolucija OZN ECOSOC št. 2009/15. .
UN ECOSOC Resolution 2009/15. .
Konvencija o odpravi vseh oblik diskriminacije žensk (CEDAW) je eden najpomembnejših dokumentov ZN o pravicah žensk.
The CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women) is one of the UN’s most important documents on women’s rights.
Konvencija od držav članic zahteva uvedbo jamstev za svoboščine in pravice žensk na številnih področjih.
The Convention requires the Member States to introduce guarantees for women’s freedoms and rights in a number of different areas.
Nekatera področja so prav tako pomembna v povezavi s problematiko nasilja nad ženskami, na primer pravica do svobodne izbire življenjskega partnerja
Some of these areas are also relevant to the problem of violence against women, for example the right to choose one’s life partner oneself
Vztrajati je treba, da mora tudi EU podpisati konvencijo CEDAW.
It is important to insist that the EU should also sign the CEDAW.
V skladu z načelom obveze primerne skrbnosti morajo sedaj države posredovati tudi v primerih, ko posamezniki podvržejo druge osebe nasilju.
In accordance with the principle of ‘the duty of due diligence’, States are now required to intervene even where individuals subject other fellow human beings to abuse.
Ta obveza velja tako za preprečevanje kaznivih dejanj kot za posredovanje po storjeni krivici.
This obligation applies both to preventing crime and intervening when injustice has taken place.
To načelo je Evropsko sodišče za človekove pravice poudarilo v zadevi Opuz proti Turčiji, saj je v svoji obrazložitvi navedlo, da nasilje nad ženskami obravnava kot obliko diskriminacije, ki pa je v nasprotju z Evropsko konvencijo o človekovih pravicah
The principle has been stressed by the European Court of Human Rights in the Opuz v. Turkey case, in which the Court, in its justification, shows that it regards violence against women as a form of discrimination which is contrary to the European Convention on Human Rights
Zadeva Opuz proti Turčiji (2009). .
Case of Opuz v. Turkey (2009). .
Prav tako so pomembni drugi mednarodni pravni instrumenti
Other international legal instruments are also relevant
V zadnjih letih je Evropsko sodišče za človekove pravice jasno odredilo, da se od zakonodaje posameznih držav lahko zahteva učinkovita zaščita posameznikovih pravic do samoodločanja pri spolnosti.
In recent years, the European Court of Human Rights has clearly ruled that individual countries’ legislation can be required effectively to protect individuals’ right of self‑determination in sexual matters.
Sodišče je poudarilo, da mora zakonodaja obravnavati vsa spolna dejanja zoper osebo, storjena brez njene privolitve
The Court has stressed that all sexual acts perpetrated against someone without that person’s consent must be subject to legislation
Svet Evrope je sprejel tudi številne pobude za zaščito žensk pred nasiljem.
The Council of Europe has also taken numerous important initiatives towards protecting women against violence.
Sedaj si prizadeva za novo konvencijo o preprečevanju nasilja nad ženskami in v družini ter boju proti njima
It is currently at work on a new convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence
Svet Evrope, dokument št. 12013 (2009); CAHVIO (2010) 17, tretji osnutek konvencije za preprečevanje nasilja nad ženskami in v družini ter boj proti njima. .
Council of Europe doc 12013 (2009); CAHVIO (2010) 17, Third Draft Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence. .
1.2 Pravna podlaga
1.2 Legal basis
Enakost spolov je temeljno načelo EU.
Gender equality is a fundamental EU principle.
V Pogodbi EU je spoštovanje človekovih pravic bistvena vrednota, Listina EU o temeljnih pravicah pa navaja, da mora biti enakost med ženskami in moškimi značilna za evropsko družbo
Respect for human rights is a key value in the EU Treaty, and the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights states that European society should be characterised by equality between women and men
PEU, člen 2; Listina Evropske unije o temeljnih pravicah, člen 23 o enakosti med moškimi in ženskami. .
TEU Article 2; European Union Charter on Fundamental Rights, Article 23 on equality between men and women. .
Z Lizbonsko pogodbo lahko EU uvede skupne določbe na področju kazenskega prava.
The Lisbon Treaty has provided scope for the EU to introduce common provisions in the field of criminal law.
Unija je bila že pred tem pristojna za približevanje kazenske zakonodaje držav članic na področjih, zajetih v cilju uskladitve
The Union was previously already competent to approximate Member States’ criminal legislation in areas covered by the objective of harmonisation
PDEU, člen 83(2); Evropsko sodišče (2005), zadeva C-176/03, Komisija proti Svet, ZOdl.
TFEU, Article 83(2); Court of Justice (2005) Case C-176/03, Commission v. Council, ECR I - 7879. .
Ta pristojnost velja tudi za primere, pri katerih je posebej pomemben skupen boj proti kriminalu
This competence also applies in cases where there is a special need to combat crime on a common basis
PDEU, člen 83(1). .
TFEU, Article 83(1). .
Besedilo Pogodbe zlasti navaja trgovino z ljudmi in spolno zlorabo žensk in otrok.
The text of the Treaty makes particular reference to trafficking in human beings and sexual exploitation of women and children.
Glede policijskega in sodnega sodelovanja v kazenskih zadevah s čezmejnimi posledicami lahko Parlament in Svet določita minimalne skupne standarde.
As regards police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters having a cross-border dimension, Parliament and the Council are able to establish a minimum common standard.
Ta skupna pravila lahko zajamejo tudi pravice žrtev kaznivih dejanj
Such common rules may also cover the rights of victims of crime
PDEU, člen 82(2)(c). .
TFEU, Article 82(2)(c). .
Svet Evropske unije je na političnem področju svobode, varnosti in pravice sprejel stockholmski program
The Council of the European Union has adopted the Stockholm Programme in the policy area of freedom, security and justice
Stockholmski program 17024/09, ki ga je Evropski svet sprejel na seji dne 10. in 11. decembra 2009. .
Stockholm Programme 17024/09, adopted by the European Council meeting of 10 and 11 December 2009. .
V njemu se zahteva, da Komisija in države članice uvedejo kazensko zakonodajo ali druge nujne podporne ukrepe za zaščito žrtev kaznivih dejanj
The Stockholm Programme therefore requires the Commission and the Member States to introduce the criminal legislation or other support measures necessary to protect victims of crime
Letos je bil tudi predstavljen predlog direktive za evropsko odredbo o zaščiti
A proposal for a directive on a European protection order has been presented this year
Evropska odredba o zaščiti, 2010/C69/02. .
The European protection order, 2010/C69/02. .
Njen cilj je zaščita posameznikov po vsej Evropi, ki so v nevarnosti, da bi njihovo nedotakljivost resno kršila druga oseba.
The aim of the directive is to protect individuals living under the threat of serious violations of their integrity from a certain person, even if they move within Europe.
To bo pomemben instrument za prizadevanja za zaščito žensk, ki bežijo pred nasiljem in nadlegovanjem.
It will constitute an important instrument in the efforts to protect women who are fleeing violence and persecution.
Nasilje na podlagi spola
Gender-based violence
2.1 Kaj je nasilje na podlagi spola?
2.1 What is gender-based violence?
Nasilje nad ženskami je zgodovinsko in strukturno pogojeno in zadeva ženske tako na posamezni kot kolektivni ravni
Violence against women is historically and structurally determined and affects women both individually and collectively
Po OZN je nasilje „vsako dejanje nasilja na podlagi spola, ki ženskam povzroča ali bi lahko povzročilo telesno, spolno ali psihično škodo ali trpljenje, vključno z grožnjami s tovrstnimi dejanji, prisilo ali samovoljnim odvzemom prostosti, bodisi v javnem ali v zasebnem življenju“
According to the UN, violence is constituted by ‘any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or private life'
Težavno področje, ki ga predstavlja nasilje na podlagi spola, se zato ne nanaša le na nasilje v smislu kazenskega prava, temveč zajema različne oblike kaznivih dejanj zoper ženske zgolj zato, ker so ženske
The problem area represented by gender-based violence, therefore, does not simply relate to violence within the meaning of criminal law, but extends to different types of crime directed against women simply because they are women
Splošno priporočilo odbora CEDAW št.19. .
General recommendation of the CEDAW committee, no 19. .
Gre za obliko zlorabe, ki prispeva k zatiranju žensk kot posameznic in kot skupine.
It is a type of abuse which contributes towards the repression of women as individuals and as a group.
Značilno je, da ima ponavadi nasilje nad ženskami tudi spolno razsežnost.
Typically, violence inflicted on women is usually also sexualised.
Nasilje na podlagi spola zajema kazniva dejanja v obliki nasilja v intimnih razmerjih, spolne zlorabe, trgovine z ljudmi, prisilne poroke, pohabljanja spolovil in drugih oblik kršitev nedotakljivosti, ki zlasti prizadenejo ženske in mlada dekleta.
Gender-based violence covers offences in the form of violence in close relationships, sexual abuse, human trafficking, forced marriage, genital mutilation and other forms of violations of integrity which particularly affect women and young girls.
Druge kršitve svoboščin in pravic žensk imajo lahko prav tako izredne posledice na telesno in duševno zdravje posameznice.
Other violations of women’s freedoms and rights can also have an extraordinary impact on the individual woman’s physical and mental health.
To zlasti velja za primere kršitev reproduktivnih pravic žensk
This is particularly so in the case of violations of women's reproductive rights
Bistveno je, da so vsi ukrepi na tem področju sprejeti na podlagi razumevanja celotne slike.
It is of key importance that every measure in this area takes place against the background of an understanding of the overall picture.
2.2 Nasilje na podlagi spola kot družbeni problem
2.2 Gender-based violence as a social problem
Nasilje na podlagi spola resno škodi telesnemu in duševnemu zdravju posameznikov.
Gender-based violence results in severe damage to individuals’ physical and mental health.
To povzroča velik strošek za družbo v obliki socialnih problemov in stroškov za pravni in zdravstveni sistem.
This entails a heavy cost for society in the form of social problems and costs for the legal and healthcare systems.
Ocene kažejo, da nasilje na podlagi spola (v obliki stroškov za zdravstveno varstvo, pravni sistem in socialne storitve) družbo skupaj stane 2 milijona EUR na uro v vseh državah članicah EU
It is estimated that the cost to society of gender-based violence – in the form of spending on healthcare, the legal system and social services – is € 2 million per hour in total in all EU Member States
Psytel (2006) projekt Daphne o stroških nasilja v družini v Evropi. .
Psytel (2006) Daphne-project on the cost of domestic violence in Europe. .
Nasilje na podlagi spola je tudi resen problem za demokracijo.
Gender-based violence also constitutes a serious problem in terms of democracy.
Prav dejstvo, da so ženske žrtve nasilja, omejuje njihove priložnosti za udeležbo v družbenem življenju in pri delu.
The very fact that women are subjected to violence restricts their opportunities to take part in social life and work.
Nasilje škodi posameznim ženskam, a tudi njihovim družinam.
Violence harms individual women but the violence also harms their families.
Družinsko življenje izgubi svoj namen zagotavljanja varnosti posameznikom.
Family life loses its function of providing individuals with security.
Otroci, ki utrpijo nasilje v družini, so posredne žrtve tega nasilja.
Children who experience domestic violence are indirect victims of that violence.
Eurobarometer 344 navaja, da 87 % vprašanih meni, da se mora EU vključiti v boj proti nasilju v intimnih razmerjih.
According to Eurobarometer 344, 87% of respondents consider that the EU should get involved in combating violence in close relationships.
Nujnost pravnega varstva
Need for legal protection
3.1 Nasilje v intimnih razmerjih
3.1 Violence in close relationships
Bistveno je, da je nedotakljivost žensk v celoti in dosledno zaščitena v zakonodaji.
It is of fundamental importance that women’s integrity is comprehensively and consistently protected in law.
Nasilje v intimnih razmerjih ni zasebna zadeva; prav tako ni zadeva, o kateri bi se udeleženi strani lahko pogodili.
Violence which takes place in close relationships is not a private matter; neither can it be regarded as something to be negotiated between the parties concerned.
Sodni organi bi morali imeti pregon nasilnih dejanj v intimnih razmerjih za prednostno nalogo.
The legal authorities should male the prosecution of acts of violence in close relationships a priority.
Pri pripravi zakonodaje na ravni EU se je treba nujno zavedati posebne ranljivosti žensk in otrok v odnosu do nasilja v družini.
In legislating at EU level, it is of the utmost importance to be aware of the particular vulnerability which women and children experience in relation to domestic violence.
Nasilje pogosto pomeni, da so te ženske nadzirane in izločene.
The violence often means that these women are controlled and isolated.
Zaradi ponavljajočih se groženj in nadlegovanja izgubijo samozavest, prav tako pa se lahko začnejo počutiti ničvredne.
Through repeated threats and harassment, their self-esteem is broken down and they can begin to view themselves as worthless.
Ženske, ki so žrtve nasilja v družini, zelo težko same prijavijo kaznivo dejanje.
Women subjected to domestic violence have difficulty in reporting these crimes themselves to an authority.
Morda imajo težave že pri izražanju svoje potrebe po pomoči.
They may already have problems conveying their need for help.
Velikokrat so pod ogromnim pritiskom storilca, sorodnikov ali drugih oseb, naj prekličejo pritožbo.
They are often subjected to severe pressure from the perpetrator, relatives and others to drop their complaint.
Prav tako so lahko močno čustveno navezane na osebo, ki nad njimi izvaja nasilje, in zaradi tega hitro dopustijo uničujočo manipulacijo.
They may have strong emotional ties to the person subjecting them to violence, and are therefore extremely susceptible to destructive manipulation.
Prav tako ni nenavadno za ženske, ki so žrtve nasilja, da zaidejo v finančne težave, izgubijo skrbništvo nad otroki ali postanejo brezdomke.
It is not uncommon for women subjected to violence to end up in financial difficulties, lose custody of their children or become homeless.
3.2 Najbolj izpostavljene skupine
3.2 Particularly vulnerable groups
Ranljivost, ki jo ustvari nasilje v intimnih razmerjih, postane še bolj nevarna pri nekaterih posebno izpostavljenih skupinah.
The vulnerability which violence in close relationships produces becomes even more precarious for certain particularly vulnerable groups.
To so lahko ženske z drugačno etnično pripadnostjo ali priseljenke brez dokumentov.
These may be women who are of another ethnic background or ‘undocumented’ individuals.
Še večje težave pri zaščiti samih sebe in lastnih interesov imajo starejše osebe ter fizično ali telesno prizadete osebe.
For elderly people and for the physically or mentally disabled, the problem of protecting themselves and their interests are infinitely greater.
Težave, ki jih prinaša beg iz pogubnih življenjskih razmer, so za te skupine velikokrat še večje.
The difficulties involved in breaking out of destructive life situations are often even more palpable for these groups.
To pa zlasti velja za osebe, ki živijo v ustanovah.
This applies, in particular, to individuals living in institutions.
Homoseksualni, biseksualni ali transseksualni posamezniki se lahko soočajo z drugimi oblikami družbene stigmatizacije, zaradi katerih morda ne prijavijo nasilja.
Individuals who are homosexual, bisexual or transsexual may struggle with other forms of social stigma which may persuade them not to report violence.
Druge skupine, ki imajo lahko resne težave z zaščito lastne nedotakljivosti, so ženske, ki živijo v odvisnosti ali brezdomstvu.
Other groups who may have serious problems protecting their integrity are women who live with addiction and women who are homeless.
3.3 Spolne zlorabe
3.3 Sexual abuse
Temeljno načelo evropske pravne tradicije je, da imajo vsi posamezniki pravico do osebne svobode delovanja; zato je za vsakršno obliko spolnega odnosa razumno zahtevati privolitev.
It is a fundamental principle of European legal tradition that all individuals have the right to exercise their individual freedom of action; it is therefore reasonable to require consent for any form of sexual intercourse.
To pomembno pravno načelo mora veljati ne glede na določeno razmerje med udeleženima stranema.
This important legal principle must apply regardless of the particular relationship between the parties concerned.
Zakonski stan ali druga podobna družinska razmerja ne smejo pomeniti prostega območja, kjer postane telo žensk ali otrok spolno dostopno.
Marriage, or other such family relationships, must not constitute a free zone in which women’s and children’s bodies become sexually available.
Prav tako mora biti delovno mesto okolje, kjer se ženske počutijo varne pred kršitvami lastne nedotakljivosti in neprimernim pritiskom.
Likewise, the workplace must be an environment where women can feel safe from violations of their integrity and undue pressure.
Spolno nasilje prizadene posameznice na zelo uničujoč način.
Sexualised violence affects individual women in a very destructive way.
To nasilje se lahko dojema kot del strukture moči, pri kateri se ženskam zanika pravica do spolne nedotakljivosti in osebna pravica do izbire.
Sexualised violence can be seen as part of a power structure whereby women are denied the right to sexual integrity and personal freedom of choice.
Na izkušnje posameznih žensk glede kršitev vpliva dejstvo, da se ta dejanja dogajajo v družbi, kjer ima spol svoj pomen.
Individual women’s experience of violation is affected by the fact that the acts take place in a society in which gender is of significance.
Telesni spolni napadi imajo zato zelo izrazite posledice na osebo, ki je napadena
Sexual attacks on the body therefore always have a very particular implication for the person who is violated
Komisija je predlagala direktivo o spolni zlorabi otrok, ki bo temeljila na novih določbah Lizbonske pogodbe
The Commission has proposed a directive on sexual abuse of children based on the new provisions of the Lisbon Treaty
KOM(2010)0094 – predlog direktive o boju proti spolni zlorabi in spolnemu izkoriščanju otrok ter otroški pornografiji, ki razveljavlja okvirni sklep 2004/68/PNZ. .
COM(2010) 0094 proposal for a directive on combating the sexual abuse, sexual exploitation of children and child pornography, repealing Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA. .
3.4 Pohabljanje ženskih spolnih organov in prisilna sklenitev zakonske zveze
3.4 Female genital mutilation and forced marriage
Ženske trpijo zaradi nasilja na podlagi spola tudi prek drugih kršitev svobode.
Women are also subjected to gender-based abuse through other types of violations of freedom.
Pomembno področje, na katerem je treba žensko fizično in psihično nedotakljivost pravno zaščititi, je pohabljanje spolnih organov.
An important area in which women’s physical and mental integrity requires strong legal protection is in relation to genital mutilation.
Kulturno ozadje ne more upravičevati dejanj, ki resno ogrožajo zdravje žensk.
Acts which result in serious harm to women’s health cannot be legitimised through cultural considerations.
Kriminalizacija pohabljanja ženskih spolnih organov je pomemben del procesa, ki ščiti mlade ljudi
Criminalising genital mutilation is an important part of the process of protecting young people
Pohabljanje spolnih organov je resno nasilje nad telesom, kateremu je Evropski parlament posvetil posebno pozornost
Genital mutilation is a form of very serious violence against the body, to which the European Parliament has devoted particular attention