natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
To bi morda lahko privedlo do manjše procikličnosti, saj znižanja bonitetne stopnje ne bi takoj vodila v odprodajo premoženja, ker bi vlagatelji lahko opravili lastno oceno in se ne bi zanašali samo na zunanje bonitetne ocene, ki bi lahko sprožile odločitve o prodaji ali nakupu.
This could potentially also lead to less pro-cyclicality as downgrades would not immediately lead to sell-off of assets, as investors could conduct their own assessment and do not fully rely on external ratings that could trigger selling or buying decisions.
Bonitetne ocene državnih dolžniških instrumentov
Sovereign Debt Ratings
Bonitetne agencije uporabljajo tehnike glajenja, da bi bile njihove bonitetne ocene držav manj nagnjene k nestanovitnosti.
CRA use smoothing techniques in order to make their sovereign ratings less prone to volatility.
To je posledica visokih stroškov za akterje na trgu v primeru prilagajanja ocen (povezano z morebitnimi prodajnimi ali nakupnimi odločitvami).
This is due to high potential costs involved for market players if ratings are adjusted (connected to potential sell or buy decisions).
Posledično so ocene bolj prociklične in izkazujejo „mejne učinke“.
This makes ratings more procyclical and exhibits "cliff effects".
Pravočasnost bonitetnih ocen držav predstavlja težavo, ker vlade različne podatke objavljajo v različnem času, zanesljivost podatkov pa je včasih vprašljiva.
The timeliness of sovereign ratings is problematic as governments publish different data at different times and the reliability of data can sometimes be questionable.
Bonitetne ocene držav so pomembno vlogo dobile šele v zadnjih letih.
Sovereign ratings have only started playing a major role in the past years.
Poročevalec meni, da je v primeru bonitetnih ocen državnih dolžniških instrumentov zelo majhna potreba po pretiranem opiranju na zunanje bonitetne ocene, saj so skoraj vse informacije javno dostopne.
Your Rapporteur is of the opinion that in the case of sovereign debt ratings there is very little need to rely excessively on external credit ratings as almost all information is available to the public.
Zato bi vsi večji in izkušeni udeleženci na trgu države morali ocenjevati sami in se ne bi smeli zanašati le na zunanje bonitetne ocene.
Hence all sizeable and sophisticated market participants should rate sovereigns themselves and not rely solely on external credit ratings.
Plačilni modeli
Payment Models
Model „izdajatelj plača“ je zamenjal model „naročnik plača“, ki je prevladoval do sedemdesetih let 20. stoletja, in je postal nova norma.
The issuer-pays model has replaced the subscriber-pays model that was prevalent until the 1970s and has become the new norm.
Vsi plačilni modeli imajo napake ali je vprašljiva njihova izvedljivost, zaradi česar jih je težko obravnavati kot prave alternative.
All payment-models have flaws or practicability questions which make them difficult to consider as true alternatives.
Pomanjkljivosti modela „izdajatelj plača“ z neločljivo povezanim navzkrižjem interesov je mogoče odpraviti tako, da se bonitetnim agencijam prepove opravljanje svetovalnih storitev in da se upravnemu odboru zagotovi večja neodvisnost.
The disadvantages of the issuer-pays model with intrinsic conflicts of interest can be addressed by prohibiting CRAs to provide advisory services and making the board of directors more independent.
Tudi z modelom „naročnik plača“ so neločljivo povezane težave: večji vlagatelj bi lahko poskušal vplivati na bonitetne agencije, da izdelajo slabše ocene (večja donosnost), po drugi strani pa bi lahko finančna institucija, ki želi zmanjšati kapitalske zahteve, zaradi regulativnih zahtev izvajala pritisk za boljšo oceno.
The subscriber-pays model has intrinsic problems: large investor could try to influence CRAs to provide lower ratings (higher yield) or in turn financial institution that wants to push capital requirements down may exert pressure for higher rating due to regulatory requirements.
V model „naročnik plača“ je zanemarjeno dejstvo, da so ocene postale tako rekoči javna dobrina.
The subscriber-pays model neglects the fact that ratings have become a quasi public good.
Tak model bi v globalni družbi, ki temelji na informacijah, privedel tudi do velike težave neupravičenega okoriščanja s strani tistih, ki niso naročniki (problem prostih strelcev).
This type of model would also lead to a large free-rider problem of non-subscribers in a global and information based society.
Model plačevanja na podlagi uspešnosti, po katerem se zaračuna le majhen vnaprejšnji znesek, preostali znesek pa se na podlagi točnosti ocene prisluži sčasoma, je skladen s pristopom v drugih predpisih, na primer nagrajevanjem v direktivi o kapitalskih zahtevah, vendar ta koncept zahteva veliko dela na regulativnem področju in področju nadzora, da bi bil izvedljiv.
The performance-based pay model that only charges a small up-front fee and the remainder of the fee is earned over time based on the accuracy of the rating, fits with the approach in other regulation such as remuneration in CRD, but this concept needs a substantial amount of work on the regulatory and supervisory side to make it feasible.
Poročevalec podpira obstoj različnih modelov na trgu, dokler se notranja navzkrižja interesov rešujejo z regulativnimi sredstvi.
Your Rapporteur favours the existence of various models in the market as long as inherent conflicts of interest are addressed by regulatory means.
Na dobro delujočem konkurenčnem trgu je ugled dovolj za zagotovitev kakovosti bonitetnih ocen.
In a well-functioning competitive market, reputation is enough to ensure the quality of credit ratings.
Ker pa je sedanja struktura oligopolna, se bonitetne agencije srečujejo z dejanskim „zajamčenim trgom“, kar pomeni, da je učinek izgube ugleda zanemarljiv, torej ni resnične grožnje zaradi izgube ugleda.
But as the current structure is oligopolistic, CRAs face an intrinsically 'guaranteed market' which means that the effect of a loss of reputation is negligible, i.e. there exists no credible threat to loose reputation.
Poročevalec meni, da bonitetne ocene niso zgolj mnenja, temveč bi bonitetne agencije morale odgovarjati za svoje ocene, in da bi bilo v ta namen treba povečati njihovo izpostavljenost civilni odgovornosti, da bi zagotovili resnično grožnjo.
Your Rapporteur considers that credit ratings are not just pure opinions but that CRAs should be accountable for their ratings and that therefore their exposure to civil liability should be enhanced in order to provide a credible threat.
Ker se z uvedbo odgovornosti postavljajo določena vprašanja, na primer kdaj bonitetna agencija postane odgovorna in za katere napake ter kako je to odgovornost mogoče vzpostaviti brez uvedbe nove ovire za vstop na trg, si ta vidik zasluži posebej temeljito razpravo.
As the introduction of liability poses certain questions like when a CRA becomes liable and for which failures as well as how this can be set-up without introducing another additional barrier to entry to the market, this aspect merits a particular thorough discussion.
A. ker pozdravlja potekajočo pripravo predpisov v sektorju bonitetnih agencij in spodbuja vse akterje – na nacionalni, evropski in mednarodni ravni – naj okrepijo potekajoči regulativni proces,
A. whereas it welcomes the ongoing work on regulation in the credit rating agency (CRA) industry and encourages all actors – at the national, European and international levels – to strengthen the ongoing regulation process,
B. ker je struktura tega sektorja zelo zgoščena in ker je poslovna usmeritev vodilnih bonitetnih agencij na trgu pretežno usmerjena na podjetniške modele Združenih držav Amerike, medtem ko je v njihovih ocenah komajda izraženo razumevanje evropskih poslovnih modelov, zlasti malih in srednjih podjetij,
B. whereas the structure of the rating industry is heavily concentrated, and whereas the business orientation of the market-leading CRAs is predominantly centred on United States business models, whilst the understanding of European business models, especially SMEs, is hardly reflected in their ratings,
1. priporoča, da se finančne institucije spodbudi k notranjemu ocenjevanju tveganj, manjše finančne institucije pa bi morale razumeti vsaj metode ocenjevanja bonitet, ki jih uporabljajo, in objaviti načrt notranjega ocenjevanja, ki mu morajo slediti;
Recommends that financial institutions should be encouraged to perform internal risk assessments, while smaller financial institutions should at least understand the methods used to produce the credit ratings which they use, and publish an internal assessment plan, which they must adhere to;
4. ugotavlja, da bi bila lahko v določenih okoliščinah koristna pridobitev vsaj dveh ocen, na primer za izračun kapitalskih zahtev; vendar meni, da bi bilo treba število pridobljenih ocen določiti v skladu s potrebami trga;
Notes that there may be circumstances where obtaining at least two ratings, e.g. for calculation of capital requirements, may be advantageous; but considers that the number of ratings obtained should be determined by the needs of the market;
Burkhard Balz, Sharon Bowles, Udo Bullmann, Pascal Canfin, Nikolaos Huntis (Nikolaos Chountis), George Sabin Cutaş, Rachida Dati, Leonardo Domenici, Derk Jan Eppink, Diogo Feio, Vicky Ford, Ildikó Gáll-Pelcz, José Manuel García-Margallo y Marfil, Jean-Paul Gauzès, Sven Giegold, Sylvie Goulard, Liem Hoang Ngoc, Gunnar Hökmark, Wolf Klinz, Rodi Kraca-Cagaropulu (Rodi Kratsa-Tsagaropoulou), Philippe Lamberts, Astrid Lulling, Hans-Peter Martin, Íñigo Méndez de Vigo, Ivari Padar, Antolín Sánchez Presedo, Olle Schmidt, Edward Scicluna, Peter Simon, Peter Skinner, Theodor Dumitru Stolojan, Ivo Strejček, Marianne Thyssen, Corien Wortmann-Kool
Burkhard Balz, Sharon Bowles, Udo Bullmann, Pascal Canfin, Nikolaos Chountis, George Sabin Cutaş, Rachida Dati, Leonardo Domenici, Derk Jan Eppink, Diogo Feio, Vicky Ford, Ildikó Gáll-Pelcz, José Manuel García-Margallo y Marfil, Jean-Paul Gauzès, Sven Giegold, Sylvie Goulard, Liem Hoang Ngoc, Gunnar Hökmark, Wolf Klinz, Rodi Kratsa-Tsagaropoulou, Philippe Lamberts, Astrid Lulling, Hans-Peter Martin, Íñigo Méndez de Vigo, Ivari Padar, Antolín Sánchez Presedo, Olle Schmidt, Edward Scicluna, Peter Simon, Peter Skinner, Theodor Dumitru Stolojan, Ivo Strejček, Marianne Thyssen, Corien Wortmann-Kool
o evropskem sodelovanju v poklicnem izobraževanju in usposabljanju v podporo strategiji EU 2020
on European cooperation in vocational education and training to support the Europe 2020 strategy
Poročevalka: Nadja Hirsch
Rapporteur: Nadja Hirsch
Maria Badia i Cutchet , Odbor za kulturo in izobraževanje
Maria Badia i Cutchet , Committee on Culture and Education
MNENJE Odbora za kulturo in izobraževanje ..................................................22
OPINION of the Committee on Culture and Education (*) ...........................22
MNENJE Odbora za notranji trg in varstvo potrošnikov .........................27
OPINION of the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection 27
MNENJE Odbora za pravice žensk in enakost spolov ...................................31
OPINION of the Committee on Women’s Rights and Gender Equality ...31
IZID KONČNEGA GLASOVANJA V ODBORU...................................................................35
RESULT OF FINAL VOTE IN COMMITTEE.........................................................................35
– ob upoštevanju sporočila Komisije z dne 2. julija 2008 „Prenovljena socialna agenda: priložnosti, dostopnost in solidarnost v Evropi 21. stoletja” ( KOM(2008)0412 ),
– having regard to the Commission Communication of 2 July 2008 entitled ‘Renewed social agenda: Opportunities, access and solidarity in 21st century Europe’ (COM (2008)0412),
– ob upoštevanju sporočila Komisije z dne 9. junija 2010 „Nova spodbuda za evropsko sodelovanje v poklicnem izobraževanju in usposabljanju v podporo strategiji EU 2020” ( KOM(2010)0296 ),
– having regard to the Commission Communication of 9 June 2010 entitled ‘A new impetus for European cooperation in Vocational Education and Training to support the Europe 2020 strategy’ ( COM(2010)0296 ),
– ob upoštevanju sporočila Komisije z dne 25. novembra 2009 „Ključne kompetence za spreminjajoči se svet“ ( KOM(2009)0640 ),
– having regard to the Commission Communication of 25 November 2009 entitled ‘Key competences for a changing world’ ( COM(2009)0640 ),
– ob upoštevanju osmih ključnih kompetenc, ki so v Priporočilu Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta št. 2006/962/ES z dne 18. decembra 2006 o ključnih kompetencah za vseživljenjsko učenje
– having regard to the eight key competences listed as a ‘European Reference Framework’ in Recommendation 2006/962/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 on key competences for lifelong learning
– ob upoštevanju predloga priporočila Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 9. aprila 2008 o vzpostavitvi Evropskega sistema prenašanja kreditnih točk v poklicnem izobraževanju in usposabljanju (ECVET) ( KOM(2008)0180 ),
– having regard to the proposal of 9 April 2008 for a recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the establishment of the European credit system for vocational education and training (ECVET) ( COM(2008)0180 ),
– ob upoštevanju desetletnega delovnega programa „Izobraževanje in usposabljanje 2010“ in poznejših skupnih vmesnih poročil o napredku pri izvajanju tega programa,
– having regard to the 10-year ‘Education and Training 2010’ work programme, and to the subsequent joint reports on progress towards its implementation,
– ob upoštevanju sporočila Komisije z dne 27. aprila 2009 „Strategija EU za mlade – vlaganje v mlade in krepitev njihove vloge in položaja” ( KOM(2009)0200 ),
– having regard to the Commission Communication of 27 April 2009 entitled ‘An EU Strategy for Youth – Investing und Empowering’ ( COM(2009)0200 ),
– ob upoštevanju svoje resolucije z dne 18. maja 2010 o strategiji EU za mlade – vlaganje v mlade ter krepitev njihove vloge in položaja
– having regard to its resolution of 18 May 2010 on ‘An EU Strategy for Youth – Investing und Empowering’
Sprejeta besedila, P7_TA(2010)0166 .
Texts adopted, P7_TA(2010)0166 .
2 Sprejeta besedila, P7_TA(2010)0262 . ”,
2 Texts adopted, P7_TA(2010)0262 . ,
– ob upoštevanju Resolucije Sveta z dne 27. novembra 2009 o prenovljenem okviru za evropsko sodelovanje na področju mladine (2010–2018),
– having regard to the Council Resolution of 27 November 2009 on a renewed framework for European cooperation in the youth field (2010-2018),
– ob upoštevanju svoje resolucije z dne 6. julija 2010 o spodbujanju dostopa mladih na trg dela z okrepitvijo statusa med pripravništvom, delovno prakso in vajeništvom
– having regard to its resolution of 6 July 2010 on promoting youth access to the labour market, strengthening trainee, internship and apprenticeship status
– ob upoštevanju sporočila Komisije „Pobuda Mladi in mobilnost za izkoriščanje potenciala mladih pri doseganju pametne, trajnostne in vključujoče rasti v Evropski uniji“ ( KOM(2010)0477 ),
– having regard to the Commission Communication entitled ‘Youth on the Move – An initiative to unleash the potential of young people to achieve smart, sustainable and inclusive growth in the European Union’ ( COM(2010)0477 ),
– ob upoštevanju sklepov Sveta z dne 12. maja 2009 o strateškem okviru za evropsko sodelovanje v izobraževanju in usposabljanju („ET 2020“),
– having regard to the Council conclusions of 12 May 2009 on a strategic framework for European cooperation in education and training (‘ET 2020’),
– ob upoštevanju sklepov Sveta z dne 11. maja 2009 o oceni sedanjega okvira za evropsko sodelovanje na področju mladine ter o prihodnjih perspektivah prenovljenega okvira (9169/09),
– having regard to the Council conclusions of 11 May 2009 on the evaluation of the current framework for European cooperation in the youth field and on future perspectives for the renewed framework (9169/09),
– ob upoštevanju sporočila Komisije z dne 26. avgusta 2010 „Evropska digitalna agenda“ ( KOM(2010)0245 ),
– having regard to the Commission Communication of 26 August 2010 entitled ‘A Digital Agenda for Europe’ ( COM(2010)0245 ),
– ob upoštevanju svoje resolucije z dne 18. maja 2010 o ključnih kompetencah za spreminjajoči se svet: izvajanje delovnega programa Izobraževanje in usposabljanje 2010
– having regard to its resolution of 18 May 2010 on key competences for a changing world: implementation of the Education and Training 2010 work programme
Sprejeta besedila, P7_TA(2010)0164 . ,
Texts adopted, P7_TA(2010)0164 . ,
– ob upoštevanju svoje resolucije z dne 18. decembra 2008 o vseživljenjskem učenju za znanje, ustvarjalnost in inovacije – izvajanje delovnega programa „Izobraževanje in usposabljanje 2010“
– having regard to its resolution of 18 December 2008 on delivering lifelong learning for knowledge, creativity and innovation – implementation of the ‘Education and Training 2010 work programme
UL C 45 E, 23.2.2010, str.
OJ C 45 E, 23.2.2010, p.
– ob upoštevanju raziskave o profesionalizaciji poklicnega usmerjanja: usposobljenost in kvalificiranost strokovnih delavcev v Evropi, ki jo je marca 2009 izvedel Evropski center za razvoj poklicnega usposabljanja (Cedefop),
– having regard to the March 2009 Cedefop study on ‘Professionalising career guidance – Practitioner competences and qualification routes in Europe’,
– ob upoštevanju raziskave o spretnostih in znanjih za prihodnost Evrope: predvidevanje potreb po strokovni usposobljenosti, ki jo je Cedefop izvedel maja 2009,
– having regard to the May 2009 Cedefop study on ‘Skills for Europe’s future: anticipating occupational skill needs’,
– ob upoštevanju Sporočila Komisije z dne 3. marca 2010 „Evropa 2020 – Strategija za pametno, trajnostno in vključujočo rast“ ( KOM(2010)2020 ),
– having regard to the Commission Communication of 3 March 2010 entitled ‘EUROPE 2020 – A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth’ ( COM(2010)2020 ),
– ob upoštevanju sklepov Sveta z dne 11. maja 2010 o kompetencah za vseživljenjsko učenje in pobudi „nova znanja in spretnosti za nova delovna mesta“,
– having regard to the Council conclusions of 11 May 2010 on competences supporting lifelong learning and the ‘new skills for new jobs’ initiative,
– ob upoštevanju delovnega dokumenta služb Komisije z dne 31. oktobra 2006 „Evropski sistem prenašanja kreditnih točk v poklicnem izobraževanju in usposabljanju (ECVET) – sistem prenašanja, zbiranja in priznavanja učnih rezultatov v Evropi“ ( SEK(2006)1431 ),
– having regard to the Commission staff working document of 31 October 2006 entitled ‘European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training (ECVET) – A system for the transfer, accumulation and recognition of learning outcomes in Europe’ ( SEC(2006)1431 ),
– ob upoštevanju izida posvetovanja v Svetu z dne 5. decembra 2008 o sklepih Sveta in predstavnikov vlad držav članic, ki so se sestali v okviru Sveta, o prihodnjih prednostnih nalogah za okrepljeno evropsko sodelovanje na področju poklicnega izobraževanja in usposabljanja (16459/08),
– having regard to the outcome of the Council discussions of 5 December 2008 on the conclusions of the Council and the Representatives of the Governments of the Member States, meeting within the Council, on the future priorities for enhanced cooperation in vocational education and training (16459/08),
– ob upoštevanju Priporočila Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 18. junija 2009 o vzpostavitvi Evropskega sistema prenašanja kreditnih točk v poklicnem izobraževanju in usposabljanju (ECVET)
– having regard to the Recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June 2009 on the establishment of a European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training (ECVET)
– ob upoštevanju Priporočila Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 18. junija 2009 o vzpostavitvi evropskega referenčnega okvira za zagotavljanje kakovosti poklicnega izobraževanja in usposabljanja
– having regard to the Recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June 2009 on the establishment of a European Quality Assurance Reference Framework for Vocational Education and Training
– ob upoštevanju sklepov Sveta z dne 21. novembra 2008 o mobilnosti mladih
– having regard to the Council conclusions of 21 November 2008 on youth mobility
UL C 320, 16.12.2008, str.
OJ C 320, 16.12.2008, p.
– ob upoštevanju Sporočila Komisije z dne 21. februarja 2007 „Skladen okvir kazalnikov in meril za spremljanje napredka pri doseganju lizbonskih ciljev v izobraževanju in usposabljanju“ ( KOM(2007)0061 ),
– having regard to the Commission Communication of 21 February 2007 entitled ‘A coherent framework of indicators and benchmarks for monitoring progress towards the Lisbon objectives in education and training’ ( COM(2007)0061 ),
– ob upoštevanju Sporočila Komisije z dne 8. septembra 2006 „Učinkovitost in pravičnost v evropskih sistemih izobraževanja in usposabljanja“ ( KOM(2006)0481 ),
– having regard to the Commission Communication of 8 September 2006 entitled ‘Efficiency and equity in European education and training’ ( COM(2006)0481 ),
– ob upoštevanju študije Cedefop o vodenju rizičnih skupin mladih z učenjem do dela (Luxembourg, 2010),
– having regard to the research paper entitled ‘Guiding at-risk youth through learning to work’ (Cedefop, Luxembourg, 2010),
– ob upoštevanju obvestila Cedefop iz februarja 2010 o delovnih mestih, ki bodo bolj temeljili na znanju in kvalifikacijah („Jobs in Europe to become more knowledge- and skills-intensive“),
– having regard to the briefing note entitled ‘Jobs in Europe to become more knowledge- and skills-intensive’ (Cedefop, February 2010),
– ob upoštevanju obvestila Cedefop iz junija 2010 o neusklajenosti kvalifikacij v Evropi („Skill mismatch in Europe“),
– having regard to the briefing note entitled ‘Skill mismatch in Europe’ (Cedefop, June 2010),
– ob upoštevanju objave Cedefop o delu in staranju („Working and ageing“) (Luxembourg, 2010),
– having regard to the publication entitled ‘Working and ageing’ (Cedefop, Luxembourg, 2010),
– ob upoštevanju členov 165 in 166 Pogodbe o delovanju Evropske unije o izobraževanju, poklicnem usposabljanju, mladini in športu,
– having regard to Articles 165 and 166 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, relating to education, vocational training, youth, and sport,
– ob upoštevanju poročila Odbora za zaposlovanje in socialne zadeve ter mnenj Odbora za kulturo in izobraževanje, Odbora za notranji trg in varstvo potrošnikov ter Odbora za pravice žensk in enakost spolov ( A7‑0082/2010 ),
– having regard to the report of the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs and the opinions of the Committee on Culture and Education, the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection and the Committee on Women’s Rights and Gender Equality ( A7‑0082/2010 ),