natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Poročevalec meni, da se morajo banke kot osrednji cilj reforme bolj osredotočiti na obvladovanje tveganja in upravljanje dobička, usmerjena k dolgoročnim rezultatom.
The rapporteur is of the view, that as underlining goal of the reform, banks should focus more on managing risk and profit towards long term outcomes.
Predlog, ki se pripravlja, mora poiskati način za ustvarjanje spodbud za banke, da bi obdržale posojila v svoji računovodski evidenci in da se ne bi čezmerno zatekale k listinjenju ter zunajbilančnim postavkam.
The upcoming proposal should find a way to create incentives for banks to keep credits on their books without excessive use of securitisation and off-balance sheet items.
PODROBNA OBRAVNAVA ZADEV
ISSUES IN DETAIL:
Poročevalec odločno podpira zamisel o krepitvi kakovosti in višine kapitala kot odgovor na krizo.
The rapporteur strongly supports the idea of strengthening quality and quantity of capital as response to the crisis.
Pozdravlja pristop za spremembo opredelitve kapitala v smislu kakovosti kapitalskih instrumentov, ki temelji na trajnosti, absorbiranju izgube in prilagodljivosti plačila, a ima dvome glede posredne koncentracije v nekaterih pravnih oblikah.
He welcomes the approach to revise definition of capital towards quality of capital instruments based on permanence, loss absorbance and flexibility of payment but has doubts about an indirect concentration towards certain legal forms.
Poleg tega opredelitev upravičenih kapitalskih instrumentov ne sme postavljati v podrejen konkurenčni položaj nekaterih poslovnih modelov nedelniških družb, zlasti zadrug in hranilnic, ki predstavljajo velik delež evropske bančne industrije.
Furthermore, definition of eligible capital instruments should not disadvantage certain business models of non-joint stock companies, in particular cooperatives and saving banks, which represent a large portion of European banking industry.
Vse kapitalske zahteve morajo biti v skladu s splošnim baselskim ciljem v zvezi z občutljivostjo na tveganje, da se preprečijo neravnovesja pri zmanjševanju kapitala, pri katerem se morata uravnoteženo upoštevati tako tveganje kot kapital (manjšinski deleži).
All capital requirements have to be in line with the overall Basel goal on risk sensitivity by avoiding imbalances within the capital deduction, which should take into account both risk and capital in a balanced manner (i.e. minority interests).
Poročevalec meni, da je krepitev standardov likvidnosti ključni del spremenjenih baselskih zahtev kot odgovor na krizo.
The rapporteur is of the view that strengthening liquidity standards is a key part of the revised Basel requirements as response to the crisis.
Ena od izkušenj s krizo, ki je likvidnostna, je, da je potrebna večja likvidnost za obvladovanje izrednih razmer tako kratkoročno kakor dolgoročno.
One of the lessons from the crisis as liquidity crisis is that more liquidity is needed to be able to cope with stress situations both in the short and the long run.
Poročevalec meni, da novi standardi likvidnosti ne smejo spodbujati koncentracije upravičenih sredstev v likvidnostni rezervi v poseben razred, ampak morajo namesto tega spodbujati diverzifikacijo v likvidnostna sredstva visoke kakovosti.
The rapporteur is of the view that the new liquidity standards should not encourage concentration of eligible assets in liquidity buffer into a particular class, but should instead encourage diversification into high quality liquidity assets.
Poročevalec izraža zaskrbljenost v zvezi s strukturo kazalnika stabilnega financiranja.
The rapporteur has concerns about the structure of the Stable Funding Ratio.
Razmere v zvezi z nekaterimi vladnimi obveznicami kažejo, da noben razred sredstev ni sam po sebi stabilen.
The situation regarding certain government bonds demonstrates that no asset class is per se a stable one.
Poročevalec ugotavlja, da je potrebna večja prilagodljivost v smislu upravičenih likvidnih sredstev visoke kakovosti , ki so na voljo v Evropi, ob upoštevanju specifičnosti in po ustreznem priznanju stabilnih virov financiranja, značilnih za Evropo.
The rapporteur sees a need for greater flexibility in terms of eligible high quality liquid assets which are available in Europe by taking into account the specificities and properly recognise stable sources of funding specifics in Europe.
Proticiklični ukrepi
Counter-cyclical measures
Baselski odbor predvideva uvedbo vrste ukrepov za spodbujanje bank k oblikovanju kapitalskih rezerv v ugodnih razmerah, da bi jih uporabile v neugodnih razmerah.
The Basel Committee foresees introduction of a set of measures to encourage banks to build capital buffers in good times in order to disburse them in bad times.
Pozdravlja prizadevanja odbora za omejitev pretirane rasti posojil in ustvarjanja posojilnih mehurčkov; takšne ukrepe je treba zasnovati, da bi ublažili prociklično naravo obstoječega regulativnega okvira.
The rapporteur welcomes the efforts of the Committee to limit excessive credit growth and building up of credit bubbles, such measures should be conceived in order to dampen pro-cyclical nature of the existing regulatory framework.
Vendar je poročevalec zaskrbljen zaradi trajne prociklične narave morebitne fiksne rezerve za ohranjanje kapitala, specifične za vsako banko.
The rapporteur is however concerned about a persisting pro-cyclical nature of a possible fixed bank specific conservation buffer.
Poročevalec odločno pozdravlja pojem v prihodnost usmerjenega oblikovanja rezervacij med ciklom kot možen proticiklični ukrep.
The rapporteur strongly supports the concept of forward looking through-the-cycle provisioning as a possible counter-cyclical measure.
S tem v zvezi poudarja pomembnost zbliževanja standardov poročanja za računovodske in bonitetne namene, zlasti glede pristopa, ki temelji na pričakovani izgubi pri čistem poslovnem izidu, ter svari pred negativnim učinkom dvojnega poročanja.
In this respect he stresses importance of convergence between reporting standards for accounting and prudential purpose in particular as regards an expected loss approach in disclosed profit, and cautions about negative impact of dual reporting.
Treba je dodati, da so prizadevanja za svetovno zbliževanje računovodskih standardov v smeri zbirke visokokakovostnih mednarodnih standardov (MSRP) izjemnega pomena za uspešno izpolnitev agende G20, kar zagotavlja primerljivost informacij za vlagatelje ter enake mednarodne konkurenčne pogoje.
It should be added that efforts in achieving global convergence of accounting standards towards a set of high quality international standards (IFRS) is of paramount importance for successful accomplishment of the G 20 agenda, ensuring comparability of investor information and international level playing field.
Kazalnik finančnega vzvoda
Leverage ratio
Baselski odbor je na podlagi sklepov G20 predložil pojem grobega kazalnika finančnega vzvoda.
Based on conclusions of G 20, the Basel Committee puts forward the concept of a crude leverage ratio.
Kazalnik je oblikovan kot varovalo za preprečevanje čezmernega oblikovanja finančnih vzvodov v sistemu.
The aim of the ratio is to be a backstop preventing excessive leverage build-up in the system.
Poročevalec ima velike pomisleke glede takšnega kazalnika.
The rapporteur has strong concerns about such ratio.
Poleg tega meni, da mora takšen kazalnik, da bi bil učinkovit, kriti področja, ki jih je osvetlila kriza, kot so zunajbilančne postavke in izvedeni finančni instrumenti, ter mora biti mednarodno primerljiv.
Furthermore, he is of the view that such a ratio, in order to be effective, should cover areas highlighted by the crisis such as off-balance sheet items and derivatives, and be comparable internationally.
Po vzpostavitvi strukture tega kazalnika je treba preučiti nadaljnja vprašanja, kot so njegova vključitev v prvi ali drugi steber ter vpliv na bančne storitve z nizkim tveganjem, kot je nepremičninsko financiranje in financiranje podjetij.
Once the structure of the LR has been set up, further issues need to be considered, such as inclusion of LR under pillar 1 or pillar 2, impact on low risk banking services such as real estate and corporates financing.
Kriza je razkrila pomembne pomanjkljivosti pri načinih izvajanja testov izjemnih razmer, testiranju za nazaj in obravnavanju tveganj zaradi neugodnih gibanj.
The crisis revealed important shortcomings in the way stress-testing, back-testing is conducted and wrong way risk is addressed.
Poleg tega je pokazala, kako uničujoč učinek bi lahko imelo pomanjkanje preglednosti in jasnosti pri trgovanju z izvedenimi finančnimi instrumenti prek prostih zunajborznih trgov.
Furthermore, the crisis has shown how devastating impact lack of transparency and clarity on derivatives trades carried through OTC markets could have.
Baselski odbor predlaga vrsto sprememb za obravnavanje ključnih težav tam, kjer se je upravljanje kreditnega tveganja nasprotne stranke izkazalo za pomanjkljivo.
The Basel Committee proposes a set of changes to address key problems where CCR management proved to be deficient.
Poročevalec odločno podpira prizadevanja odbora za okrepitev standardov za testiranje izjemnih razmer, testiranje za nazaj in obravnavanje tveganj zaradi neugodnih gibanj.
The rapporteur strongly supports efforts of the Committee to strengthen the standards on stress-testing, back-testing and addressing wrong-way risk.
Pozdravlja tudi njegova prizadevanja za oblikovanje spodbud za kliring trgovanja na zunajborznih trgih prek centralne pogodbene stranke (CCP) in meni, da bi morale kapitalske zahteve razlikovati med tveganji transakcij, izvedenih prek takšne stranke, in tveganji transakcij na zunajborznem trgu, pod pogojem, da pogodbena stranka izpolnjuje standarde na visoki ravni.
He welcomes the effort of the Committee to incentivise clearing of OTC trades through a central counterparty (CCP) and is of the view that the capital requirements should differentiate between risks of transaction carried through a CCP and that of an OTC transaction upon condition that such CCP meets high level standards.
Standarde mora razviti Evropska komisija ob upoštevanju mednarodnega razvoja.
The standards should be developed by the European Commission while taking into account international developments.
Burkhard Balz, Slavi Binev, Sharon Bowles, Udo Bullmann, Pascal Canfin, Nikolaos Huntis (Nikolaos Chountis), George Sabin Cutaş, Leonardo Domenici, Derk Jan Eppink, Diogo Feio, Markus Ferber, Elisa Ferreira, Vicky Ford, Jean-Paul Gauzès, Sven Giegold, Sylvie Goulard, Liem Hoang Ngoc, Othmar Karas, Wolf Klinz, Jürgen Klute, Werner Langen, Astrid Lulling, Hans-Peter Martin, Alfredo Pallone, Antolín Sánchez Presedo, Edward Scicluna, Kay Swinburne, Marianne Thyssen, Ramon Tremosa i Balcells, Corien Wortmann-Kool
Burkhard Balz, Slavi Binev, Sharon Bowles, Udo Bullmann, Pascal Canfin, Nikolaos Chountis, George Sabin Cutaş, Leonardo Domenici, Derk Jan Eppink, Diogo Feio, Markus Ferber, Elisa Ferreira, Vicky Ford, Jean-Paul Gauzès, Sven Giegold, Sylvie Goulard, Liem Hoang Ngoc, Othmar Karas, Wolf Klinz, Jürgen Klute, Werner Langen, Astrid Lulling, Hans-Peter Martin, Alfredo Pallone, Antolín Sánchez Presedo, Edward Scicluna, Kay Swinburne, Marianne Thyssen, Ramon Tremosa i Balcells, Corien Wortmann-Kool
o vidikih civilnega, gospodarskega, družinskega in mednarodnega zasebnega prava v Akcijskem načrtu za uresničevanje Stockholmskega programa
on civil law, commercial law, family law and private international law aspects of the Action Plan Implementing the Stockholm Programme
Poročevalec: Luigi Berlinguer
Rapporteur: Luigi Berlinguer
MNENJE Odbora za mednarodno trgovino ........................................................12
OPINION of the Committee on International Trade ......................................12
MNENJE Odbora za notranji trg in varstvo potrošnikov .........................15
OPINION of the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection 16
o vidikih civilnega, gospodarskega, družinskega in mednarodnega zasebnega prava v Akcijskem načrtu za uresničevanje Stockholmskega programa
on civil law, commercial law, family law and private international law aspects of the Action Plan implementing the Stockholm Programme
– ob upoštevanju členov 67 in 81 Pogodbe o delovanju Evropske unije,
– having regard to Articles 67 and 81 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
– ob upoštevanju svoje resolucije z dne 25. novembra 2009 o stockholmskem programu
– having regard to its resolution of 25 November 2009 on the Stockholm Programme
– ob upoštevanju sporočila Komisije z dne 20. aprila 2010 o akcijskem načrtu izvajanja stockholmskega programa ( COM(2010)0171 ),
– having regard to the Commission’s Communication of 20 April 2010 on an Action Plan Implementing the Stockholm Programme (
– ob upoštevanju člena 48 Poslovnika,
– having regard to Rule 48 of its Rules of Procedure,
– ob upoštevanju poročila Odbora za pravne zadeve in mnenj Odbora za mednarodno trgovino ter Odbora za notranji trg in varstvo potrošnikov ( A7‑0252/2010 ),
– having regard to the report of the Committee on Legal Affairs and the opinions of the Committee on International Trade, the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection ( A7‑0252/2010 ),
A. ker je območje svobode, varnosti in pravice v skupni pristojnosti Unije in držav članic,
A. whereas AFSJ is a shared competence between the Union and the Member States,
B. ker člen 67 PDEU poudarja spoštovanje različnih pravnih sistemov in tradicij ter olajšanje dostopa do sodnega varstva, zlasti s pomočjo načela vzajemnega priznavanja; ker to zahteva vzajemno zaupanje, to pa zahteva boljše razumevanje različnih pravnih tradicij in metod,
B. whereas Article 67 TFEU emphasises respect for the different legal systems and traditions and access to justice, which is to be facilitated, in particular through the principle of mutual recognition; whereas this requires mutual trust and, in turn, mutual trust requires a reinforced understanding of the different legal traditions and methods,
C. ker je bil od časa, ko je Unija prvič dobila pristojnost za pravosodje in notranje zadeve in ko je bilo posledično ustanovljeno območje svobode, varnosti in pravice, storjen velik napredek na področju civilnega prava, ki je temeljil in gradil na različnih medvladno sklenjenih konvencijah o mednarodnem zasebnem pravu; ker Komisija zdaj predlaga zelo ambiciozen načrt, ki izpolnjuje številne zahteve, ki jih je Parlament nedavno postavil,
C. whereas, since the Union first obtained competence for justice and home affairs and the subsequent creation of the AFSJ, huge progress has been made in the area of civil justice, building and enlarging on the various private international law conventions concluded intergovernmentally; whereas the Commission is now proposing a very ambitious plan, which responds to a substantial number of the demands that Parliament has made in the recent period,
D. ker je v luči tega ambicioznega načrta in pomembnih dosežkov, ki jih je EU že naredila na tem področju, čas, da stopimo korak nazaj in razmislimo o tem, kaj počnemo na področju civilnega prava, predvsem zato, da sprejmemo bolj strateški in manj razdrobljeni pristop, ki bi temeljil na pravih potrebah državljanov in podjetij pri uveljavljanju njihovih pravic in svoboščin na enotnem trgu; ob upoštevanju dejstva, da je težko sprejemati zakonodajo na področju v skupni pristojnosti, kjer usklajevanje pogosto ni možno in se je treba izogibati prekrivanju, ter je zato treba spoštovati in omogočiti popolnoma različne pravne pristope in ustavne tradicije, pa tudi na novo določiti pristop Unije do tega področja zaradi boljšega razumevanja, kaj želimo doseči in kako se najboljše spopasti s težavami, kar bi bilo del širšega načrta; ker je bistveno osredotočiti se predvsem na zagotavljanje funkcionalnosti ukrepov, ki so bili že sprejeti, in utrjevanje že doseženega napredka,
D. whereas in the light of this ambitious plan and the huge achievements already made by the EU in this field, it is time to stand back and reflect on what we are doing in the field of civil law with a view primarily to adopting a more strategic and less fragmented approach based on the real needs of citizens and businesses when exercising their rights and freedoms in the single market, and taking account of the difficulties of legislating in an area of shared competence where harmonisation is only infrequently an option and overlapping needs to be avoided, and where there is a consequent need to respect and accommodate radically different legal approaches and constitutional traditions, and also with a view to conceptualising the Union’s approach to this area in order better to understand what we are seeking to accomplish and how best to tackle the problems that have to be confronted, as part of an overall plan;whereas it is essential to focus in the first place on ensuring the functionality of the measures that have already been put in place and consolidating the progress that has already been made,
E. ker, če pogledamo, kar je bilo doseženo na območju svobode, varnosti in pravice, imamo najprej usklajevanje predpisov mednarodnega zasebnega prava, ki je hitro napredovalo; ker je mednarodno zasebno pravo najustreznejše sredstvo za vzajemno priznavanje in medsebojno spoštovanje pravnih sistemov in ker je obstoj klavzule javnega reda zadnja zaščita nacionalnih ustavnih zahtev,
E. whereas, if we look back at what has been achieved in the AFSJ, there is first of all harmonisation of the rules of private international law, which has advanced apace; whereas private international law is the means par excellence of achieving mutual recognition of, and respect for, each others’ legal systems, and whereas the existence of public policy clauses is the last-ditch protection of national constitutional requirements,
F. ker je naslednja stopnja usklajevanje ali približevanje, ki je primerno za nekatera področja, kjer je standardizacija zaželena, če že ne bistvena – denimo na področju varstva potrošnikov, vendar na katero se je v območju svobode, pravice in varnosti možno sklicevati le v omejenem obsegu,
F. whereas, next, there is harmonisation or approximation which lends itself to certain areas where standardisation is desirable, if not essential – e.g. in the area of consumer protection – but recourse to which is limited in the AFJS,
G. ker bo priprava osnutka evropskega pogodbenega prava ena najpomembnejših pobud za območje svobode, varnosti in pravice v prihodnjih letih ter lahko privede do tako imenovanega neobveznega 28. režima civilnega prava kot alternative tradicionalnemu načinu usklajevanja zakonodaje na posebnih področjih,
G. whereas drafting a European Contract Law will be one of the most important initiatives for the AFSJ in the coming years and may result in a so-called optional 28th civil law regime as an alternative to the traditional way of harmonising legislation in specific areas,
H. ker, nazadnje, obstajajo samostojni instrumenti in ukrepi na področju procesnega prava; ukrepi na teh področjih so na več načinov ključni za obravnavanje čezmejnih sporov, saj ne glede na to, do kakšne mere je materialno pravo usklajeno, se državljani in podjetja srečujejo z ovirami v obliki nacionalnega procesnega prava,
H. whereas, lastly, there are the stand-alone instruments and action in the area of procedural law; measures in these areas are the key in many ways to dealing with cross-border disputes, since no matter to what extent substantive law is harmonised, citizens and businesses tend to come up against barriers in the form of national procedural law,
I. ker bi bilo treba na soobstoj različnih pravnih sistemov v Uniji gledati kot na prednost, ki služi kot navdih za pravne sisteme po vsem svetu; razhajanja med pravnimi sistemi vseeno ne bi smela biti ovira za nadaljnji razvoj evropskega prava; ker jasna in konceptualna razhajanja med pravnimi sistemi sama po sebi niso problematična; ker je treba vseeno odpraviti škodljive pravne posledice za državljane , ki izhajajo iz teh razhajanj; ker bi bilo treba uporabiti koncept regulatornega posnemanja ali pristop “od spodaj navzgor”, in sicer prek spodbujanja gospodarskih in intelektualnih izmenjav med različnimi pravnimi sistemi; ker sposobnost razumeti in obvladovati razlike med našimi pravnimi sistemi lahko izvira le iz evropske pravosodne kulture, ki jo je treba negovati s pomočjo širjenja znanja in s komunikacijo, s preučevanjem primerjalnega prava in z drastično spremembo načina poučevanja prava na univerzah ter sodelovanja sodnikov pri svojem izobraževanju in strokovnem razvoju, kakor je obrazloženo v resoluciji Parlamenta s 17. junija 2010, vključno z dodatnimi prizadevanji, da se premagajo jezikovne ovire; ker je treba o tem razmišljati in to načrtovati sedaj, čeprav bo zahtevalo čas;
I. whereas the co-existence of different legal systems within the Union should be seen as a strength which has served as an inspiration for legal systems all over the world; however, divergences between legal systems should not constitute a barrier to the further development of European law; whereas the explicit and conceptual divergence between legal systems is not in itself problematic; whereas, however, it is necessary to address the adverse legal consequences for citizens arising from this divergence; whereas the concept of regulatory emulation, or a ‘bottom up’ approach to convergence, should be applied through the encouragement of economic and intellectual communication between different legal systems; whereas the ability to comprehend and manage the differences between our legal systems can only come from a European judicial culture which needs to be nurtured through the sharing of knowledge and communication, the study of comparative law and a radical shift in the way law is taught in the universities and judges participate in training and professional development, as explained in Parliament’s resolution of 17 June 2010,including additional efforts to overcome linguistic barriers; whereas although this will take time, it is necessary to reflect on it and plan for it now;
J. ker bi bilo treba medtem spodbujati in podpirati več dialoga in strokovnih stikov na evropski ravni, da se omogočijo spremembe v poučevanju in da se programi določajo v skladu s potrebami odvetnikov, njihovih strank ter trga kot celote; ker bi moralo prihajajoče sporočilo Komisije o akcijskem načrtu o evropskem usposabljanju za vse pravniške poklice upoštevati različne tradicije in metode poučevanja, pa tudi različne potrebe odvetnikov, ki delujejo na različnih geografskih območjih ali na različnih področjih, ter obenem spodbujati izmenjavo najboljše prakse,
J. whereas, in the meantime, greater dialogue and professional contact should be encouraged and promoted at European level in order to enable changes in teaching and programmes to be determined according to the needs of practitioners, their clients and the market as a whole; whereas the Commission’s forthcoming communication on an Action Plan on European training for all legal professions should take account of the different teaching traditions and methods and also the different needs of practitioners operating in different geographical or practice areas, while fostering the exchange of best practices,