natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Pri opredelitvi prihodnje naložbene politike EU bo ključnega pomena vprašanje zaščite območja javne intervencije.
The question of protecting the public intervention domain will be key in determining the EU’s future investment policy.
In res se pojavlja vse več primerov, v katerih je posamezna država zaradi sprejetja nove zakonodaje spoznana za krivo posredne razlastitve.
Indeed, an increased number of cases have led to a state being found guilty of indirect expropriation because of the adoption of a new legislation.
Opozoriti je treba na več primerov, zlasti na tistega iz Argentine, zoper katero so tri podjetja vložila obtožnico, ker je po gospodarski krizi leta 2001 zamrznila cene vode, ki so jo plačevali potrošniki.
Several instances are worthy of mention, in particular that involving Argentina, which was accused by three enterprises of having frozen the price paid by consumers for water following the 2001 economic crisis.
Julija 2010 je Mednarodni center za reševanje naložbenih sporov (ICSID) odločil, da je argentinska vlada kršila načelo „poštene in enakopravne obravnave“.
In July 2010, an ICSID decision made it clear that the Argentine government had violated the principle of ‘fair and equitable treatment’.
Razsodniki niso sprejeli utemeljitve argentinske vlade o „skrajni sili“.
The government’s explanation of ‘necessity’ was not accepted by the arbitrators.
Združene države Amerike in Kanada, ki se uvrščajo med prve države, ki so občutile posledice preveč nejasnih formulacij iz Severnoameriškega sporazuma o svobodni trgovini (NAFTA), so prilagodile svoj model dvostranskih sporazumov o naložbah, da bi tako omejile diskrecijsko pravico, s katero razpolagajo sodišča, kar zadeva razlago, in zagotovile boljšo zaščito svojih območij javne intervencije.
The USA and Canada, which were among the first states to suffer as a result of excessively vague wording in the NAFTA agreement, have adapted their BIT model in order to restrict the breadth of interpretation by the judiciary and ensure better protection of their public intervention domain.
EU mora zato v vse prihodnje sporazume vključiti posebno klavzulo, s katero bo opredelila pravico EU in držav članic, da med drugim regulirajo varstvo okolja, javno zdravstvo, pravice delavcev in potrošnikov, industrijsko politiko in kulturno raznovrstnost.
The EU should therefore include in all its future agreements a specific clause laying down the right of the EU and MS to regulate, inter alia, on the protection of the environment, on public health, on workers' and consumers' rights, on industrial policy and on cultural diversity.
Standardi zaščite morajo biti natančno opredeljeni, da bi pri mednarodnih vlagateljih preprečili zlorabe zaradi napačnega tolmačenja.
Moreover, standards of protection should be strictly defined, in order to avoid abusive interpretations by international investors.
Zlasti naslednje:
In particular:
– nediskriminacija (nacionalna obravnava, država z največ ugodnostmi) mora zagotoviti podlago za primerjavo med tujimi in domačimi vlagatelji, pri čemer je treba opredeliti potrebo po delovanju „pod podobnimi pogoji“,
- non-discrimination (national treatment, most favoured nation) should give a base for comparison between foreign and national investors by specifying the need to operate in ‘similar conditions’,
– poštena in enakopravna obravnava mora biti opredeljena na podlagi obravnave, ki jo vzpostavlja mednarodno običajno pravo,
- fair and equitable treatment must be defined on the basis of the level of treatment established by international customary law,
– zaščita pred razlastitvijo mora najti jasno in pošteno ravnovesje med različnimi javnimi in zasebnimi interesi.
- protection against expropriation should give a clear, fair balance between the various public and private interests.
Iz prihodnjih sporazumov je treba prav tako umakniti t.i. „krovno klavzulo“, ki omogoča, da se v področje uporabe dvostranskega sporazuma o naložbah vključijo vse zasebnopravne pogodbe, ki jih skleneta vlagatelj in država podpisnica takega sporazuma.
Besides, the so-called ‘umbrella clause’, which enables integration into the scope of a BIT of all private-law contracts concluded between an investor and the signatory state of the BIT, should be excluded from future agreements.
Komisija in države članice morajo pripraviti seznam sektorjev, ki ne bodo vključeni v prihodnje sporazume, na primer sektorji, ki so strateškega pomena za obrambo posamezne države, ali občutljivi sektorji, kot sta kultura in izobraževanje.
Finally, the Commission and MS shall set up a list of sectors excluded by future agreements: for example, sectors which are strategically important for national defence and sensitive sectors such as culture and education.
Evropa se mora prav tako zavedati pomislekov svojih partnerjev v razvoju in se odpovedati zahtevi po večji liberalizaciji, kadar ti partnerji menijo, da je treba za njihov razvoj zaščititi nekatere sektorje, zlasti na področju javnih služb.
Europe must also be aware of the concerns of its developing partners and must not call for more liberalisation if they deem it necessary for their development to protect certain sectors, particularly in the area of public services.
(4) Vključitev družbenih in okoljskih standardov
(4) Inclusion of social and environmental standards
Prihodnja politika EU mora spodbujati trajne in okolju prijazne naložbe (zlasti na področju pridobivanja surovin) in se zavzemati za dobre delovne pogoje v podjetjih, v katera se vlaga tuji kapital.
The EU’s future policy must promote investment which is sustainable, respects the environment (particularly on the field of extractive industries) and encourages good working conditions in the enterprises subject to foreign investment.
Spodbujati mora tudi nedavno reformo smernic OECD, s katerimi se želi zagotoviti odgovorno ravnanje mednarodnih podjetij.
The recent reform of the OECD’s guidelines to promote responsible behaviour on the part of international enterprises should be promoted by the EU.
Vsak sporazum o naložbah mora spremljati tudi vrsta družbenih in okoljskih standardov, in sicer ne glede na to, ali so naložbe zgolj poglavje, o katerem se EU pogaja v okviru širših pogajanj o sporazumu o prosti trgovini, ali pa gre za pogajanja o samostojnem sporazumu o naložbah.
Every investment agreement should also be accompanied by a set of social and environmental standards, whether the EU negotiates a chapter on investments as part of more general negotiations on a free-trade agreement or whether is negotiates a stand-alone investment agreement.
V prvem primeru je treba spomniti na zahtevo EP, da se v vsak sporazum o prosti trgovini, ki ga sklene EU, vključi klavzula o družbeni odgovornosti podjetja.
In the first case, we should remind the EP’s call for a social responsibility clause for enterprises to be included in every free-trade agreement which it signs.
Ta mora vključevati obveznost glede preglednosti in spremljanja, pa tudi možnost, da se žrtve neupoštevanja teh določb obrnejo na sodišče.
This must include a transparency and monitoring obligation and the opportunity for victims of a failure to comply with these provisions to take the matter to court.
Kar zadeva okolje, bo morala evropska politika zaščititi biotsko raznovrstnost ter spodbujati prenos tehnologij, izboljšanje infrastruktur in krepitev zmogljivosti.
Concerning the environment, European policy should protect biodiversity and support technology transfer, infrastructure development and capacity-building.
V samostojne sporazume o naložbah je treba vključiti družbene in okoljske standarde ter zagotoviti, da bodo postali zavezujoči.
In the case of stand-alone investment agreements, social and environmental standards must be included and made binding.
Več sklenjenih dvostranskih sporazumov o naložbah že vsebuje klavzulo, ki preprečuje slabljenje družbene in okoljske zakonodaje, da bi privabili naložbe, prav tako pa je treba takšno klavzulo vključiti v vse prihodnje sporazume.
Currently, a number of BITs have a clause which prevents the watering-down of social and environmental legislation in order to attract investment, such a clause should be included in all future agreements.
(5) Mehanizem reševanja sporov in mednarodna odgovornost EU
(5) Dispute settlement mechanism and the EU’s international responsibility
Sedanji sistem reševanja sporov, ki večinoma deluje v skladu s pravili ICSID ali UNCTAD, je treba temeljito spremeniti in vanj vključiti več osnovnih elementov, na primer potrebo po večji preglednosti razsodb in vsebine sodb, možnost, da stranke sprožijo pritožbeni postopek, obveznost, da je treba pred sprožitvijo mednarodne arbitraže izčrpati lokalna pravna sredstva, možnost vključitve spisov prijateljev sodišča („amici curiae“) in obveznost, da se za arbitražo izbere en sam kraj, s čimer bi se izognili izbiri najugodnejšega sodišča („forum shopping“).
Major changes must be made to the present dispute settlement regime, which usually operates along the lines of ICSID and UNCTAD rules, in order to include several basic elements such as the need for greater transparency on cases heard in court and the judgments themselves, the possibility for parties to appeal, the obligation to exhaust local judicial remedies (where appropriate) before initiating international arbitration, the opportunity to use amicus curiae briefs and the obligation to select one single place of arbitration and thus avoid ‘forum shopping’.
V sporočilu je poleg tega omenjena še možnost sistema za sprožitev sodnih postopkov med državami.
In addition, the communication mentions the possibility of introducing a system for complaints made by one state against another.
Evropsko politiko je treba zasnovati bolj širokopotezno ter zagotoviti, da bodo lahko zadevo sodišču predložili tudi sindikati ali organizacije civilne družbe, ki lahko edini preverijo, ali stranke izpolnjujejo svoje družbene in okoljske zaveze.
European policy must be more ambitious and also enable trade unions and civil society organisations to submit cases to the courts – the only way for parties’ compliance with their social and environmental commitments to be verified.
Še eno vprašanje je mednarodna odgovornost EU, zlasti vprašanje finančne odgovornosti: kdo bo nosil finančne posledice, če sodišče odloči, da je EU kršila zakonodajo?
Another issue is the EU’s international responsibility, in particular in financial terms: if a court ruling is made against the EU itself, who will bear the financial consequences?
Komisija in države članice se morajo kolikor hitro mogoče posvetiti temu vprašanju.
The Commission and MS need to address this issue as soon as possible.
(6) Izbira partnerjev in pristojnosti EP
(6) Choice of partners and powers of the EP
Komisija je sestavila seznam držav, ki bodo prednostne partnerice: Kanada, Kitajska, Indija, države Mercosurja, Rusija in Singapur.
The Commission has compiled a list of countries which will be privileged partners: Canada, China, India, MERCOSUR, Russia and Singapore.
Izbor upošteva dvoje meril, tj. tržni potencial ter potrebo po boljši zaščiti tujih naložb.
This choice matches two criteria: market potential and need for better protection of foreign investments.
Komisija je napovedala tudi, da ne želi vzpostaviti standardnega modela, ki bi se na enak način uporabljal za vse trgovinske partnerje.
The Commission has also stated that it does not intend to have a standard model which would be applied in identical fashion to all trade partners.
Čeprav je mogoče tak način razmišljanja upravičiti s potrebo po prilagoditvi položaju posameznih partnerjev, v nobenem primeru ne sme pripeljati do možnosti poljubne izbire med osnovnimi elementi, opredeljenimi v predhodnih poglavjih.
Although this way of thinking is justified by the need to adapt to the particular situation of each partner, it must never lead to picking and choosing among the basic elements set out in the previous chapters.
To pomeni, da Komisija Svetu predloži osnutek pogajalskega mandata šele potem, ko EP sprejme resolucijo.
This means the Commission should not submit its draft negotiating mandate to the Council until the EP has adopted its resolution.
EP mora prav tako zagotoviti, da bodo v celoti upoštevane nova pooblastila, ki jih je pridobil z Lizbonsko pogodbo in okvirnim sporazumom med Komisijo in EP, ter da mu bodo v skladu s tem pogajalski mandati posredovani dovolj zgodaj, da bo lahko izrazil svoje stališče, ki ga bosta nato Komisija in Svet ustrezno upoštevala.
The EP must also ensure that its new powers under the Lisbon Treaty and the framework agreement between the Commission and the EP are fully respected and that, as a result, it receives negotiating mandates in good time to enable it to state its position, which must, in turn, be properly taken into account by the Commission and the Council.
3. izraža zaskrbljenost, ker so tuje neposredne naložbe v najmanj razvitih državah zelo omejene in ponavadi osredotočene na naravne vire;
Expresses its concern that foreign direct investment in least developed countries is extremely limited and tends to be concentrated in natural resources;
7. poziva Komisijo, naj se bolj osredotoči na države v razvoju kot potencialne naložbene partnerje; ugotavlja tudi, da je glavna skrb Komisije oblikovati takšno naložbeno politiko Evropske unije, ki bo odražala cilj po doseganju čim višje stopnje zaščite za evropske vlagatelje; s tem v zvezi opozarja, da Pogodba o delovanju Evropske unije nalaga Evropski uniji, da izvršuje usklajenost politik za razvoj, torej določa, da mora Evropska unija upoštevati "cilje razvojnega sodelovanja pri politikah, ki jih izvaja in ki lahko vplivajo na države v razvoju"
Calls on the Commission to focus more strongly on developing countries as potential investment partners; notes too that the Commission’s primary concern is to design an EU investment policy that reflects the objective of achieving maximum protection for EU investors; points out, in this respect, that the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union obliges the EU to practise policy coherence for development, i.e. to ‘take account of the objectives of development cooperation in the policies that it implements which are likely to affect developing countries’
Pogodba o delovanju Evropske unije, člen 208. ;
Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Article 208. ;
10. ugotavlja, da je mogoče doseči ravnovesje med spodbujanjem konkurenčnosti EU z dostopom do trgov in zaščito naložb ter spoštovanjem pravice držav v razvoju do samostojnega urejanja, da bi sledile svoji razvojni agendi;
Notes that there is a balance to be struck between the objective of promoting EU competitiveness, through market access and investment protection, and allowing developing countries the right to regulate in order to pursue their own development agendas;
18. poudarja dodano vrednost skladne in integrirane naložbene politike EU; meni, da bodo koristi za države v razvoju velike, če bo Evropska unija njihov glavni sogovornik glede naložbenih sporazumov, namesto da bi se zanašale na številne sporazume s posameznimi državami članicami, vendar le, če bo naložbena politika EU našla ravnovesje med zaščito vlagateljev in razvojnimi cilji držav gostiteljic; zato meni, da je nujno določiti primeren rok za zamenjavo dvostranskih sporazumov držav članic s sporazumi na ravni EU; meni da morala naložbena politika EU vključevati stroge določbe o preglednosti, zlasti v zvezi z arbitražnimi pravili, ter obveznosti za vlagatelje, da najprej izčrpajo nacionalne pravne možnosti, preden se zatečejo k mednarodni arbitraži.
Stresses the added value of a coherent and integrated EU investment policy; believes that developing countries would benefit greatly from having the EU as main interlocutor on investment arrangements, rather than relying on multiple agreements with individual Member States, provided that the EU investment policy strikes the right balance between the objective of investor protection and host states’ development goals; considers it vital, therefore, to establish an appropriate deadline for the replacement of Member States’ bilateral treaties by EU-level agreements; takes the view that the EU investment policy should include strong provisions on transparency, especially in relation to arbitration rules, and should oblige investors to exhaust domestic remedies first before turning to international arbitration.
Thijs Berman, Nirj Deva, Leonidas Donskis, Charles Goerens, Catherine Grèze, Filip Kaczmarek, Miguel Angel Martínez Martínez, Gay Mitchell, Norbert Neuser, Bill Newton Dunn, Maurice Ponga, Birgit Schnieber-Jastram, Michèle Striffler, Eleni Teoharus (Eleni Theocharous), Ivo Vajgl, Iva Zanicchi
Thijs Berman, Nirj Deva, Leonidas Donskis, Charles Goerens, Catherine Grèze, Filip Kaczmarek, Miguel Angel Martínez Martínez, Gay Mitchell, Norbert Neuser, Bill Newton Dunn, Maurice Ponga, Birgit Schnieber-Jastram, Michèle Striffler, Eleni Theocharous, Ivo Vajgl, Iva Zanicchi
o prihodnji evropski mednarodni naložbeni politiki
on the Future European international investment policy
2. priznava, da so na podlagi Pogodbe o delovanju Evropske unije tuje neposredne naložbe sedaj v izključni pristojnosti EU; meni, da mora biti Parlament ustrezno vključen v oblikovanje prihodnje naložbene politike ter da so za to potrebna resnična posvetovanja o mandatih za prihajajoča pogajanja in redna smiselna poročanja o stanju potekajočih pogajanj;
Acknowledges that as a result of the TFEU, foreign direct investment now falls under the exclusive competence of the EU; takes the view that Parliament must be adequately involved in the shaping of the future investment policy; this requires proper consultation on the mandates for upcoming negotiations, as well as regular meaningful briefings on the state of ongoing negotiations;
Zagotoviti je treba, da novi dvostranski sporazumi o naložbah niso v neskladju s splošnimi načeli EU, kot je spoštovanje človekovih pravic; meni, da bi morali takšni dvostranski sporazumi o naložbah temeljiti na primerih dobre prakse držav članic;
Notes that Member States are resolute in welcoming the replacement of existing BITs, if the new BITs are based on equal or superior terms; it should be ensured that new BITs are not inconsistent with overarching EU principles such as respect for human rights; takes the view that such BITs should be based on the ‘best practices’ of the Member States;
Burkhard Balz, Sharon Bowles, Udo Bullmann, Nikolaos Huntis (Nikolaos Chountis), George Sabin Cutaş, Leonardo Domenici, Derk Jan Eppink, Markus Ferber, Vicky Ford, Ildikó Gáll-Pelcz, Jean-Paul Gauzès, Sylvie Goulard, Wolf Klinz, Jürgen Klute, Rodi Kraca-Cagaropulu (Rodi Kratsa-Tsagaropoulou), Philippe Lamberts, Astrid Lulling, Hans-Peter Martin, Ivari Padar, Antolín Sánchez Presedo, Edward Scicluna, Theodor Dumitru Stolojan, Kay Swinburne, Corien Wortmann-Kool
Burkhard Balz, Sharon Bowles, Udo Bullmann, Nikolaos Chountis, George Sabin Cutaş, Leonardo Domenici, Derk Jan Eppink, Markus Ferber, Vicky Ford, Ildikó Gáll-Pelcz, Jean-Paul Gauzès, Sylvie Goulard, Wolf Klinz, Jürgen Klute, Rodi Kratsa-Tsagaropoulou, Philippe Lamberts, Astrid Lulling, Hans-Peter Martin, Ivari Padar, Anni Podimata, Antolín Sánchez Presedo, Edward Scicluna, Theodor Dumitru Stolojan, Kay Swinburne, Corien Wortmann-Kool
o enotnem trgu za podjetja in rast
on a Single Market for Enterprises and Growth
PREDLOG RESOLUCIJE EVROPSKEGA PARLAMENTA.....................................................3
MOTION FOR A EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT RESOLUTION.......................................................................................3
MNENJE Odbora za mednarodno trgovino ........................................................18
OPINION of the Committee on International Trade..............................................................................18
MNENJE Odbora za ekonomske in monetarne zadeve ..................................22
OPINION of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs...................................................22
MNENJE Odbora za zaposlovanje in socialne zadeve ..................................26
OPINION of the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs.....................................................26
MNENJE Odbora za industrijo, raziskave in energetiko .............................31
OPINION of the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy.......................................................31
MNENJE Odbora za regionalni razvoj ..................................................................35
OPINION of the Committee on Regional Development..........................................................................35
MNENJE Odbora za pravne zadeve ...........................................................................40
OPINION of the Committee on Legal Affairs...............................................................................................40
IZID KONČNEGA GLASOVANJA V ODBORU...................................................................43
RESULT OF FINAL VOTE IN COMMITTEE....................................................................................................................43
– ob upoštevanju svoje resolucije z dne 20. maja 2010 o uresničitvi enotnega trga za potrošnike in državljane
– having regard to its resolution of 20 May 2010 on delivering a Single Market to consumers and citizens
– ob upoštevanju poročila profesorja Maria Montija z dne 9. maja 2010 z naslovom „Nova strategija za enotni trg“,
– having regard to Professor Mario Monti’s report of 9 May 2010 ‘A new Strategy for the Single Market’,
– ob upoštevanju sporočila Komisije z naslovom „Evropa 2020: Strategija za pametno, trajnostno in vključujočo rast“ ( KOM(2010)2020 ),
– having regard to the Commission Communication ‘Europe 2020 – a strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth’ ( COM(2010)2020 ),
– ob upoštevanju sporočila Komisije z naslovom „Pametna pravna ureditev v Evropski uniji“ KOM(2010)0543 ,
– having regard to the Commission Communication ‘Smart Regulation in the European Union’ ( COM(2010)0543 ),
– ob upoštevanju sporočila Komisije z naslovom „Evropska digitalna agenda“ ( KOM(2010)0245 ),
– having regard to the Commission Communication ‘Digital Agenda for Europe’ ( COM(2010)0245 ),
– ob upoštevanju poročila o oceni dostopa malih in srednjih podjetij do trgov za javna naročila v EU
– having regard to the Report ‘Evaluation of SMEs’ access to public procurement markets in the EU’
– ob upoštevanju sporočila Komisije o čezmejnem e-trgovanju med podjetji in potrošniki v EU ( KOM(2009)0557 ),
– having regard to the Commission Communication ‘Cross-border business-to-consumer e-commerce in the EU’ ( COM(2009)0557 ),
– ob upoštevanju priporočila Komisije z dne 29. junija 2009 o ukrepih za izboljšanje delovanja enotnega trga,
– having regard to the Commission Recommendation of 29 June 2009 on measures to improve the functioning of the single market,
– ob upoštevanju sporočila Komisije z dne 16. julija 2008 z naslovom „Javna naročila za boljše okolje“ ( KOM(2008)0400 ),
– having regard to the Commission Communication ‘Public procurement for a better environment’ ( COM(2008)0400 ),
– ob upoštevanju sporočila Komisije z naslovom „Najprej pomisli na male: Akt za mala podjetja za Evropo“ ( KOM(2008)0394 ),
– having regard to the Commission Communication ‘Think Small First – A ‘Small Business Act’ for Europe ( COM(2008)0394 ),
– ob upoštevanju sporočila Komisije „Enotni trg za Evropo 21. stoletja“ ( KOM(2007)0724 ) in delovnega dokumenta služb Komisije, ki je priložen temu sporočilu „Enotni trg: pregled dosežkov“ ( SEC(2007)1521 ),
– having regard to the Commission Communication ‘A single market for 21st century Europe’ ( COM(2007)0724 ) and the accompanying Commission staff working document ‘The Single Market: review of achievements’ ( SEC(2007)1521 ),
– ob upoštevanju sporočila Komisije z naslovom „Priložnosti, dostopnost in solidarnost: nova družbena vizija za Evropo 21. stoletja“ ( KOM(2007)0726 ),
– having regard to the Commission Communication ‘Opportunities, access and solidarity: towards a new social vision for 21st century Europe’ ( COM(2007)0726 ),