natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
80. poudarja, da je Komisija obvezana podpirati prizadevanja partnerskih držav pri razvoju zmogljivosti za demokratično odgovornost znotraj posamezne države (parlamentarni nadzor in zmogljivosti revizije), kadar Skupnost ponuja proračunsko podporo; poziva Komisijo, naj to obvezo izpolnjuje odločneje in dosledneje; poudarja, da so pooblaščeni organi parlamentarnega nadzora in revizijske institucije bistveni dejavnik za doseganje trajnostnega vpliva proračunske pomoči EU; poziva k oblikovanju mehanizmov civilne družbe za spremljanje in nadzor, da bo lahko nadzorovala uporabo in vpliv proračunske pomoči EU;
Stresses that the Commission has an obligation to support the efforts of partner countries to develop democratic domestic accountability capacities (parliamentary control and audit capacities) where Community assistance is delivered via budget support; urges the Commission to fulfil this obligation in a more robust and consistent manner; stresses that empowered parliamentary control entities and audit institutions are a major factor for achieving a sustainable impact of the EU budget support; calls for the development of civil society monitoring and oversight mechanisms, so that they are empowered to monitor the use and impact of EU budgetary support;
83. poudarja, da je razvojna pomoč nadvse pomemben element za utrjevanje miru in preprečevanje konfliktov v ranljivih državah, vendar ta pomoč ter pomoč za reševanje sporov ne bi smeli vsebovati vojaških sredstev ali delov;
Stresses that development assistance is an extremely important element in consolidating peace and preventing conflict in fragile states, but development assistance and assistance towards conflict resolution must not include any military resources or components;
To je eno najpomembnejših poročil leta.
This is one of the most important reports of the year.
Izhaja iz obvez, ki so vodile do ustanovitve Komisije Združenih narodov za utrjevanje miru na svetovnem vrhu leta 2005; ter na prednostno mesto postavlja naslednje spoznanje: v polovici vseh držav, vpletenih v spopade, v obdobju petih let po koncu spopadov znova izbruhnejo.
It follows from the imperatives which led to the founding of the UN Peace Building Commission at the 2005 World Summit; and takes as its priority the following recognition: half of all countries which emerge from conflicts return to conflict within five years.
Trenutno po svetu poteka 42 državljanskih vojn.
Currently, there are 42 ongoing civil conflicts around the world.
Na področju državotvornosti obstajata dva pomembna dejavnika.
There are two major actors on the nation-building front.
Prvi in najpomembnejši je sama država v nestabilnem položaju.
The first, and the most important, is the country in the situation of fragility itself.
Brez močne volje za obnovo po koncu spopadov in preusmeritev k trajnemu miru je ponoven izbruh spopadov skoraj neizogiben.
Without a strong will dedicated to emerging from conflict and reorientating towards permanent peace, regressing back to conflict is almost inevitable.
Drugi dejavnik je mednarodna skupnost, katere vloga je podpirati in krepiti državo v obnovi s svojo finančno zavezo ter z znanjem in neposrednimi izkušnjami svojih držav članic v zvezi s tem, kaj je dobro za državotvornost in kaj ni.
The second protagonist is the international community, whose role is to support and augment the recovering country through means of its financial commitment and by its members’ repository of knowledge and firsthand experience in learning what works to build a nation and what does not.
Marshallov načrt je odličen primer tega, kako je ena sama država –ZDA– spodbudila celotno Zahodno Evropo, da je zavrnila vojno in izbrala trajni mir.
The Marshall Plan is a superb example of how a single country – the US – encouraged the whole of Western Europe to reject war and embrace a permanent peace.
Želeno pot do miru je enostavno začrtati, težje pa jo je uresničiti.
The desired route to peace is easy to delineate – but more difficult to pursue in practice.
Teoretično ta pot poteka od vojne do miru in nato od tam k obnovi in uspehu.
Theoretically, the path moves from war to peace and then from there to reconstruction and success.
Pravilen postopek za ta vzorec je predmet tega poročila, ki se osredotoča posebej na obnovo kot poglavitni razvojni cilji državotvornosti.
The correct procedure for this pattern is the subject of this report focussing specifically on reconstruction as the prime Development objectives of nation building.
RAZVOJNE PERSPEKTIVE ZA UTRJEVANJE MIRU PO SPOPADIH
DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES FOR PEACE BUILDING IN POST-CONFLICT SITUATIONS
Takojšnje prednostne naloge:
Immediate Priorities:
· zavarovati prostor za delovanje,
· Secure Space in which to operate
· zagotoviti dostop do sladke vode in nadzirati odstranitev in pokop vseh mrtvih, pri čemer se, kjer je mogoče, upoštevajo lokalni običaji,
· Guarantee access to fresh water and oversee the complete removal and burial of dead according to local customs where possible
· zagotoviti dostop do hrane, ogrevanja (odvisno od vremenskih razmer), elektrike ter zdravstvenih storitev in nujnih zdravil,
· Guarantee access to food, heating (depending on weather), electricity and sanitation and essential medicines
· zagotoviti vidno prisotnost učinkovitih varuhov miru (policije), da ohranjajo javni red in mir ter preprečujejo ropanje, vzpostaviti mrežo lokalnih obveščevalcev,
· Have visible presence of effective law-keepers (police) to maintain semblance of law and order and prevent looting; build network of local intelligence informers
· spodbujati lokalne voditelje k delitvi oblasti in izvajanju storitev (zdravstvenega varstva in izobraževanja) prek lokalnih občin.
· Incentivise local leaders into power-sharing and provision of services (healthcare and education) via local municipalities
Poznejše prednostne naloge
Subsequent Priorities:
Spodaj navedeno je treba izvajati vzporedno in predstavlja temeljne elemente za vzpostavljanje trajnega miru.
The following must be implemented in parallel and are all essential components for constructing lasting peace.
Bistveno je navesti, da se bo natančen vrstni red izvajanja elementov spreminjal glede na potrebe posamezne situacije ter mora biti v skladu s tem.
It is vital to assert that the precise order of implementation will vary according to the needs of the specific situation and must be applied accordingly.
Razorožitev, demobilizacija in ponovno vključevanje
Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR)
Delitev oblasti (od vojaških voditeljev do političnih voditeljev)
Power-Sharing (from warlords to political leaders)
Vojaške voditelje se prepriča, da opustijo nasilje in sprejmejo delitev oblasti prek institucionalnih struktur.
Combatant-leaders persuaded to renounce violence and enter power-sharing through institutional structures.
Hkrati je treba v to razmerje delitve oblasti vključiti dejavne in obveščene državljane.
Simultaneously, an active and informed citizenship must be engaged in this power-sharing relationship.
Preglednost mora biti prisotna na vseh stopnjah.
There must be transparency at all stages.
Ne le, da se je treba posvetovati z vsemi stranmi, posvetovanje z vsemi stranmi mora biti vidno.
Not only is there a need to consult all parties; there is also a need to be seen to be consulting all parties.
Pravna država
Rule of Law
Delni razlog, da v tako veliko nestabilnih državah spopadi ponovno izbruhnejo, je, da ogrodje stabilne družbe – njene institucije – ni dovolj močno, da bi lahko zatrlo skušnjave za vrnitev k bolj neposrednim metodam vplivanja na tok dogodkov.
Part of the reason so many states in situations of fragility return to conflict is that the skeleton for a stable society – its institutions – are not strong enough to constrain temptations to return to more immediate methods of influencing the direction of events.
Včasih lahko institucije dejansko škodujejo stabilnosti.
Sometime the institutions can in fact even work against stability.
Bistvo vzpostavljanja institucij je ohranjanje pravne države.
The essence of institution building is maintaining the rule of law.
Nadalje, pravno državo je treba na tej stopnji usmerjati tako, da se zagotovi trdno središče.
Furthermore, the rule of law must be directed at this stage to ensuring that the centre holds.
Institucije morajo delovati kot centripetalna sila in ne kot centrifugalna sila (nasprotujoče sile morajo obvezati k sodelovanju, ne pa jih oddaljevati).
Institutions must act as a centripetal force and not a centrifugal one (they must bind opposing forces into working together; not act to push strained protagonists further apart).
Državotvornost vključuje vzpostavitev državnih parlamentov, procesov demokratizacije in volilnih postopkov, boja proti korupciji, preglednosti ter odgovornosti.
Nation building includes building institutions: national parliaments, democratisation and electoral processes, anti-corruption, transparency and accountability.
Bistveno sredstvo za to je lokalno lastništvo procesa.
The essential tool for this is local ownership of the process.
Nasilni spopadi odvračajo tuje vlagatelje in lahko zmanjšajo stopnjo rasti države – v povprečju za 2 %.
Violent conflicts deter foreign investors, and can reduce a country’s growth rate by an average of 2%.
Vzpostavitev okolja, ki spodbuja zasebno gospodarsko pobudo je močno orodje za izboljšanje gospodarskega položaja ljudi v državah v razvoju.
The creation of an environment which stimulates private economic initiative is a powerful tool towards improving the economic situation of people in developing countries.
Zasebna pobuda je gonilna sila za to, zaradi česar se je treba osredotočiti na opravnomočenje posameznikov, da bi jim omogočili uresničitev vseh njihovih možnosti, zlasti da se razseljeni ljudje vključijo v gospodarstvo.
Private initiative is the driving force for that thus there is need to focus on the empowerment of individuals in order to enable them to realise their full potential, particularly bringing displaced people into the economy.
Pogoji za trdno gospodarstvo, ki jih je v šestdesetih letih 20. stoletja zagovarjal kancler Zahodne Nemčije Ludwig Erhard, so blaginja, dosežena prek konkurence, nizki davki, minimalna ureditev ter stabilna valuta.
The conditions for a sound economy as espoused by 1960s Chancellor of West Germany Ludwig Erhard are prosperity through competition, low taxation, minimal regulation, stable currency.
Perujski ekonomist Hernando De Soto je ocenil, da je v državah v razvoju kar 9 000 milijard USD neregistriranih nepremičnin.
Peruvian economist Hernando De Soto has estimated that as much as $9 trillion of real estate assets are held without registered titles in the developing world.
Dokler bodo lahko nepremičnine v „neuradni lasti“, ni mogoče na primer uresničiti hipotekarnega kredita.
For as long as they continue to be held "informally" mortgage credit, for example, cannot be realised.
Zaščita lastninskih pravic je nujna za razvoj.
Defence of property rights are essential for development.
Pomembna prednostna naloga razvojne politike mora zato biti ustanovitev in izboljšanje katastrov, zagotovitev sredstev za kartiranje in registracijo zemlje in pravice intelektualne lastnine ter za sodišča, da lahko izvršujejo pravo lastninskih razmerij.
A high priority of development policy should therefore be to establish and improve Land Registries, provide the resources for mapping and registration of land and intellectual property and for courts to enforce property law.
Trg ne more delovati, če ni učinkovitega pravnega sistema, v katerem je mogoče preveriti in izvrševati lastninske pravice in pogodbene obveznosti z razumno predvidljivostjo in hitrostjo.
The market cannot operate if there is no effective legal system in which property rights and contractual obligations can be ascertained and enforced with reasonable predictability and speed.
Zaščita pravic intelektualne lastnine varuje in spodbuja ustanavljanje in podjetja.
The protection of intellectual property safeguards and encourages creation and enterprise.
Civilna policija (vključno z varnostjo in obveščanjem)
Civilian Police (including security and intelligence)
Pregleden, odgovoren in profesionalen varnostni sektor je bistven za vzpostavitev pogojev za pospeševanje razvoja.
A transparent, accountable and professional security sector is fundamental for creating conditions to foster development.
V državah v razvoju in zlasti v državah, ki odpravljajo posledice spopadov, varnostne sile preveč pogosto ne morejo zaščititi državljanov ali tega nočejo.
Too often in developing countries, and particularly countries in the aftermath of a conflict, security forces are unable or unwilling to protect citizens.
Kjer je bil v preteklosti varnostni sektor sredstvo za zatiranje, je nujno, da reforma varnostnega sektorja vključuje lokalne skupnosti, s čimer se prepreči, da bi državljani prevzeli varovanje v lastne roke.
Where the security sector has had a history of being a tool for repression, it is vital that security sector reform (SSR) involves local communities thus preventing the need to take security into their own hands.
Čim prej je treba preiti z vojaškega varovanja na civilno varovanje.
It is imperative that the transition from military security to civilian security take place as soon as is practicable.
Zagotavljanje varnosti, zaščite in dostopa do pravice za vse ljudi je zato prednostna naloga za zmanjšanje revščine in utrjevanje miru.
Providing safety, security and access to justice for all people is therefore a priority for poverty reduction and peace-building.
Uvedba domače civilne policije mora nadomestiti sedanje mednarodne mirovne sile, ki so bile prvotno uvedene.
The introduction of the civilian indigenous police force must replace the existing international law-keeping that was introduced initially.
Odstranjevanje min ter odstranitev orožja malega kalibra in lahkega orožja
De-mining and Small Arms and Light Weapons elimination
Odstranjevanje min ter širjenje orožja malega kalibra in lahkega orožja spodbujata spopade in kriminal.
De-mining and the proliferation of small arms and light weapons (SALW) fuels conflict and crime.
Vsak poskus za izboljšanje zaščite, da bi se omogočil pospešen razvoj, mora zato spodbujati ukrepe za obravnavo neodgovornega prenosa orožja in širjenja orožja malega kalibra znotraj družbe.
Any attempt to improve security to enable accelerated development must therefore promote action to address the irresponsible transfer of arms and the proliferation of small arms within societies.
Civilna družba
Civil Society
Spodbujati moramo načela demokracije, svobodnih medijev ter dostopa do pravilnih informacij.
We must promote the principles of democracy, free media and access to accurate information.
Svoboda združevanja in svoboda izražanja predstavljata del ogrodja za ohranjanje civilne družbe.
Freedom of association, and freedom of expression are part of the backbone of maintaining a civil society.
Glavni pristop, ki ga je treba upoštevati v vseh dejavnostih utrjevanja miru, mora temeljiti na spoštovanju temeljnih vrednot človekovega dostojanstva, svobode, demokracije, človekovih pravic, pravne države, pravičnosti in enakosti ter odgovornosti vlade do prebivalstva.
The main approach to be followed in all peace-building activities is to be based on the respect for the fundamental values of human dignity, freedom, democracy, human rights, rule of law, justice and equity, accountability of government towards the population.
Stališče lokalnih upravičencev mora biti v središču prizadevanj za utrjevanje miru in državotvornost.
The point of view of local beneficiaries must be at the heart of the peace-building and nation building efforts.
Sprava in odpuščanje
Reconciliation and Forgiveness
Ta steber prehodnih sodnih postopkov vključuje spravo različnih družbenih slojev, ponovno vključevanje nekdanjih borcev, razseljene ljudi, dialog med nasprotnimi skupinami (zdravljenje travm in izobraževanje za mir), ustanovitev odborov za resnico in spravo ter poudarjanje sistemov nenasilnega reševanja sporov.
This transitional justice pillar includes the reconciliation of the different layers of the population, reintegration of former combatants, displaced persons, dialogue among conflicting groups (trauma healing and peace education), establishment of truth and reconciliation committees; and enhancing non-violent dispute resolution systems.
Vojni zločini
War Crimes
Genocid je treba kaznovati in to storiti javno.
Genocide needs to be punished and to be seen to be punished.
Ustanoviti je treba sodišča za vojne zločine, če je to potrebno.
War Crimes tribunals must be appointed if necessary.
Bolje je, da glavne storilce obsodijo nacionalna sodišča kot mednarodna sodišča.
It is better to have the major perpetrators convicted by national courts rather than international courts.
Razvojni cilji novega tisočletja in enakopraven dostop do osnovnih storitev za prebivalstvo
MDGs and Equitable Access to basic services for the population
Zdravje je predpogoj za razvoj, kot tudi dostop do pitne vode in zdravstvenih storitev.
Health is a prerequisite for development, as is access to drinking water and sanitation.
Tudi varnost preskrbe s hrano mora biti prednostna naloga.
Food security must also be a high priority.
Izobrazba je prav tako pomemben dejavnik zmanjševanja revščine.
Education is also a major factor for poverty alleviation.
V večini držav z najvišjimi stopnjami umrljivosti dojenčkov in otrok so v zadnjih letih potekali spopadi.
Most of the countries with the highest infant and child mortality rates have suffered conflict in recent years.
Nezavarovano okolje prav tako nudi podlago za organiziran kriminal.
Insecure environments also provide grounds for organised crime.
Proizvodna zmogljivost držav v razvoju, ki jo vodi zdrava in izobražena delovna sila, mora imeti prednostno mesto, ker je bistven element za izkoreninjenje revščine.
The productive capacity of developing countries, driven by healthy and educated workforce, must be prioritised as it is an essential element for the achievement of the eradication of poverty.
Ženske imajo v procesu utrjevanja miru in izgradnje države izredno pomembno vlogo.
Women are crucial actors in the peace-building and nation building process.
Prizadevanja za vzpostavitev pravične družbe so lahko trajna le, če se ženskam omogoči, da v celoti sodelujejo v mirovnem procesu, polnopravno udeležbo v političnem in gospodarskem življenju ter v civilni družbi na sploh.
The efforts to realise an equitable society can be sustainable only if women are ensured a full participation in peace negotiations, a fully-fledged presence on the political scene, the economic life and in the civil society as whole.
Enakopraven dostop do trajnostnih virov
Equitable Access to Sustainable Resources
Trajnostna in okolju prijazna uporaba naravnih virov ter enakopraven dostop do njih sta nujna za zagotovitev trajnostnega razvoja, vključno z obravnavo podnebnih sprememb in izgube biotske raznovrstnosti.
Sustainable and environmental friendly use of and equitable access to natural resources are necessary in order to ensure sustainable development, including addressing climate change and biodiversity loss.
Somalija je dober primer za to, kaj se lahko zgodi, če se to merilo premalo upošteva.
Somalia is a good example of what can happen when this criterion is insufficiently met.
Občutljivost spora
Conflict Sensitivity
Če akterji razvoja ne prepoznajo spornih vprašanj ali se izogibajo njihovi obravnavi, pomoč morda nima pozitivne vloge.
Aid can fail to play a positive role if development actors do not recognise or avoid addressing conflict issues.
Zagotavljanje pomoči, ne da bi se posvetili vplivu potekajočih spopadov na razvoj in človekovo varnost, ali prek držav, ki izključujejo nekatere etnične skupine, lahko prav tako poveča tveganje za začetek spopadov ali njihovo nadaljevanje.
Providing aid without attention to the impact of ongoing conflicts on development and human security, or via states that exclude certain ethnic groups, can also increase the risk of conflict starting or continuing.
Spore je treba sproti ocenjevati, da se odločitve o oblikovanju programa sprejemajo na podlagi informacij.
Conflict assessments should be done as a matter of course to inform programming decisions.
Občutljivost spora vključuje tudi odločitve glede tega, ali določeni državi ali določenemu sektorju omogočiti proračunsko pomoč, ali zagotoviti večino pomoči prek države, kako bodo osrednji izobraževalni, zdravstveni in drugi razvojni programi zagotovili, da imajo pozitiven vpliv na temeljne vzroke spopadov itd.
Conflict sensitivity also includes decisions on whether to provide budget support to a country or to a particular sector, whether to provide the majority of aid through the state, how core education, health and other development programmes will ensure that they are having a positive impact on the root causes of conflict, and so on.
Ocene morajo temeljiti na obstoječih izkušnjah iz prejšnjih ocen spopadov in drugih socialnih analizah, zlasti na tistih, ki se osredotočajo na neenakost in socialno izključevanje.
The assessments should draw on existing experience of earlier conflict assessments, and other social analyses – particularly those focusing on inequality and social exclusion.
Prizadevati si je treba za razumevanje in pojasnitev, kako bodo predlagano razmerje pomoči in razvojni programi povezani s temeljnimi vzroki spopadov ter s temeljnimi vzroki revščine.
Efforts should be made to understand and explain how proposed aid relationship and development programmes will relate to the root causes of conflict as well as the root causes of poverty.
Vloga mednarodnih institucij (usklajenost in doslednost mednarodne skupnosti)
The role of international institutions (coherency and consistency of the International Community)
Komisija ZN za utrjevanje miru je bila ustanovljena, da bi izboljšala mednarodno pomoč in pomagala državam po koncu spopadov.
The UN Peace-building Commission was created with the aim to improve international assistance to help countries emerging from conflict.
Tej komisiji je treba zagotoviti politično podporo in zadostna sredstva za učinkovito delovanje in uresničevanje njenih ciljev na terenu.
This Commission should be provided political support and adequate resources to function effectively and meet its objectives on the ground.
Po eni strani številni mednarodni akterji spodbujajo potrebo po boljši usklajenosti v okoljih po spopadih, kot so Demokratična republika Kongo, Sierra Leone in Liberija, po drugi strani pa kljub nekaterim izboljšavam njihovo ravnanje pogosto spodbuja neusklajenost in konkurenčnost.
Many international actors promote the need for better coordination in post-conflict environments, such as the Democratic Republic of Congo, Sierra Leone and Liberia, on one hand, but despite some improvements, their practice often promotes incoherence and competition.
Odbor za razvojno pomoč pri OECD izvaja redne preglede učinkovitosti razvojne pomoči svojih članic.
The OECD DAC conducts periodic reviews of the effectiveness of its members’ development assistance.
Merila zanje bi morali razširiti za pregledovanje njihovega ravnanja v okolju po spopadih.
The criteria for these should be expanded to review their practice in post-conflict contexts.
o razvojnih možnostih pri vzpostavljanju miru in izgradnji države v pokonfliktnih razmerah
on Development perspectives on peace-building and nation-building in post-conflict situations
Odbor za pravice žensk in enakost spolov poziva Odbor za razvoj kot pristojni odbor, da v svoj predlog resolucije vključi naslednje pobude:
The Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality calls on the Committee on Development, as the committee responsible, to incorporate the following suggestions into its motion for a resolution: