natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
G. ker ima podnebno segrevanje že negativne posledice za kmetijstvo v EU (zmanjšanje vodnih virov, slanost in pogostejše suše, dezertifikacija, močno povečanje padavin pozimi in poplave na severu, ogroženost nižje ležečih obalnih območij zaradi naraščanja morske gladine in nevarnost zasoljevanja, nevihte in drugi skrajni vremenski pojavi, erozije in plazovi ter razmnoževanje uničevalnega mrčesa ter bolezni živali in rastlin itd.), pričakovano povečanje teh pojavov pa bo imelo hude gospodarske, socialne in okoljske posledice za kmetijski, gozdarski in turistični sektor,
G. whereas climate change is already having adverse effects on EU agriculture (including declining water resources, brackishness and more frequent drought, desertification, a significant increase in winter rainfall and flooding in the north, threats to low-lying coastal areas from rising sea levels and the danger of salination, storms and other extreme weather events, erosion and landslides and the proliferation of insect pests and animal and plant diseases), and whereas the expected acceleration of such problems could have serious economic, social and environmental repercussions for the agricultural, forestry and tourism sectors,
H. ker ima kmetijski sektor sposobnost prilagajanja na podnebne spremembe ter sposobnost, da ublaži njihove posledice, saj se opira na znanje kmetov, na močno skupno kmetijsko politiko ter na razvoj raziskav in inovacij, a so za to potrebni veliki napori, saj so naravni procesi težko obvladljivi,
H. whereas the agricultural sector is capable both of adapting and of mitigating climate change with the help of farmers’ know-how, a strong CAP and research and innovation developments but, since the natural processes involved are difficult to deal with, a great deal of effort must be made,
I. ker je v evropskem kmetijstvu mnogo delovnih mest, ki jih je treba zaščititi in razvijati,
I. whereas European agriculture constitutes a pool of jobs which should be protected and expanded,
J. ker kmetijstvo ostaja ključno za ohranjanje človekove dejavnosti na evropskem podeželju, zlasti zaradi široke palete storitev, ki jih kmetje lahko opravljajo za preostalo družbo,
J. whereas agriculture remains vital to the continuance of human activity in European rural areas, inter alia because of the wide range of services which farmers can provide for the rest of society,
K. ker cilji Unije s področja razvoja energije iz obnovljivih virov neposredno zadevajo kmetijstvo in ker lahko ta razvoj v znatni meri prispeva k zmanjšanju toplogrednih plinov,
K. whereas the Union’s objectives for the development of renewable energies have a direct bearing on agriculture, and whereas this development can help substantially to reduce GHG emissions,
L. ker je prehranjevanje prebivalstva Unije eden glavnih namenov kmetijstva EU,
L. whereas one of the primary functions of EU agriculture is to feed the Union’s population,
M. ker mora imeti Unija vodilno vlogo v boju proti svetovnemu segrevanju,
M. whereas the Union should be a leader in the fight against global warming,
Prispevek kmetijstva Unije k prizadevanjem za zmanjšanje segrevanja
Contribution of EU agriculture to global warming mitigation efforts
2. poudarja, da je ob morebitnem aktivnejšem sodelovanju kmetijstva v svetovnem procesu omejevanja podnebnih sprememb treba poskrbeti, da ne bo trpela konkurenčnost kmetijske in živilske industrije EU na svetovnem trgu;
Considers that, if agriculture is to be more actively involved in the global process of curbing climate change, care must be taken to ensure that the competitive position of the EU’s agri-foodstuffs sector in the world market does not suffer;
- preproste in prilagojene obdelovalne tehnike, ki zagotavljajo pokritost tal z rastlinjem (kot na primer omejeno oranje ali neoranje, ohranjanje ostankov pridelka na polju) ter omogočajo pridelovanje vmesnih kultur in kolobarjenje, kar omogoča najvišjo stopnjo fotosinteze ter bogatenje tal z organskimi snovmi, kot je že bilo dokazano s projektom SoCo (Soil conservation projekt-Projekt za ohranjanje tal), ki je nastal na pobudo Evropskega parlamenta;
– simplified, appropriate cultivation techniques that provide plant cover (such as reduced or no-tillage and leaving crop residues on the ground) and facilitate intercropping and crop rotation, thereby maximising photosynthesis and helping to enrich the soil with organic matter, as demonstrated by the SoCo project launched at the European Parliament’s instigation;
- ohranjanje in razvoj pogozdovanja, ponovnega pogozdovanja, razvoj kmetijskega gozdarstva, živih meja, pogozdenih območij na parcelah, sistemov stalne ali začasne travne paše;
– the preservation and development of afforestation, reforestation, agroforestry, hedges, wooded areas on farmland, permanent or temporary grassland pasture systems and reforestation;
- uvedba novih načinov obdelovanja, ki omogočajo skladiščenje ogljika, vezanega v gozdovih, za daljše obdobje;
– the introduction of farming methods which will increase the carbon storage period in existing forests;
- boljše gospodarjenje s tlemi in minerali, ustrezno varstvo tal, bogatih z ogljikom, kot so šotišča in mokrišča (prilagojene kulture, na primer trs, rajši kot izsuševanje);
– better management of soil and of minerals and appropriate protection of carbon-rich land (peatland) and wetlands (growing suitable crops, such as reeds, as an alternative to drainage);
- modernizacija kmetij (izolacija poslopij, energetsko varčne naprave, uporaba energije iz obnovljivih virov) in bolj donosne proizvodne verige,
– farm modernisation (building insulation, energy-efficient equipment and the use of renewable energies) and more efficient production chains;
- sodobne tehnologije gnojenja in ravnanja z gnojnico, skladiščenje krme in krmljenje, s katerimi je mogoče bistveno zmanjšati izpuste metana;
– modern techniques of feeding, animal keeping and manure treatment and use, which will significantly reduce methane emissions;
- energetska predelava biomase, ki nastaja pri proizvodnji živil, kar ne omogoča le izkoristka stranskih proizvodov in odpadkov, ampak prispeva tudi k zmanjšanju izpustov CO 2 ;
– the use of biomass energy integrated into food production, which will contribute to reducing CO 2 emissions in addition to making use of by-products and waste;
- sajenje dreves in travnatih kultur za proizvajanje energije na poplavnih območjih, mokriščih, peščenih tleh in površinah, ki so manj primerne za kmetijstvo, da se poveča absorpcija CO 2 in vezava ogljika;
– the planting of woody and herbaceous energy crops (cultures) in floodplains, areas which are wet or sandy and areas less suitable for agriculture, with the aim of increasing CO 2 absorption and carbon sequestration;
9. priporoča, da se okrepi politika gorskih območij, saj imata pastirstvo in živinoreja pomembno vlogo pri ublažitvi podnebnih sprememb in podpori prilagajanju in zmanjševanju občutljivosti, zlasti prek pravilnega upravljanja pašnikov.
Recommends stepping up policies on mountain regions, as the pasturing and stock-breeding industries have a particularly important role to play in mitigating climate change and in helping to adjust and reduce vulnerability, particularly by means of proper management of pastureland;
- akcijski načrt za najbolj prizadeta območja: uporaba rastlinskih vrst, odpornih na nove podnebne pogoje, prilagoditev časovnega razporeda kmetijskih dejavnosti novim pogojem, pogozdovanje, postavitev toplih gred, upravljanje vodnih virov v kmetijstvu, sanacija onesnaženih tal;
– an action plan for the most affected areas: using certain plant varieties which are resistant to the new climate conditions, adapting the calendar of farming activities to the new conditions, forestation, building greenhouses, managing water resources for agriculture and making polluted land more environmentally friendly;
- dolgoročni načrt za odpravo razlogov za podnebne spremembe s spodbujanjem svetovnega gospodarstva, ki bi temeljilo na manjših emisijah CO 2 ter na spodbujanju zanesljive oskrbe z energijo;
– the other measure should be a plan for the future aimed at eliminating the causes of climate change by promoting a global economy based on reduced CO 2 emissions, combined with the promotion of energy security;
15. pri tem opozarja, da je za proizvodnjo bioplina namesto umetnega gnojila treba uporabiti pregnito blato iz fermentatorjev gnojila, ne da bi se ga uvrstilo v kategorijo hlevskega gnoja, s čimer je mogoče še bolj omejiti uporabo umetnih gnojil;
Draws attention, in this context, to the need to be able to use digestate from manure fermentation installations for biogas production as a substitute for artificial fertiliser without its falling into the category of ‘livestock manure’, so that the use of artificial fertiliser can be further reduced;
17. poudarja, da je pri uporabi biomase treba upoštevati načelo trajnosti; meni, da je skladno s tem treba spodbujati uporabo biomase čim bliže kraju proizvodnje kmetijskih surovin, kar bo omejilo izgubo energije zaradi prevoza;
Stresses that the principle of sustainability must be enforced when using biomass; considers therefore that its use as close as possible to the place of production of the agricultural raw materials must be encouraged as this would reduce energy loss caused by transport;
20. poudarja, da je Unija največji uvoznik kmetijskih proizvodov, kar povzroča večji ogljični strošek kot pri evropski proizvodnji, saj so okoljski standardi v državah zunaj EU pogosto nižji, izpusti pa nastajajo tudi pri prevozu na dolge razdalje in ob krčenju gozdov; meni, da je prek usmerjene komunikacijske strategije treba seznaniti potrošnike o zdravju koristnem načinu prehranjevanja z visokokakovostnimi regionalnimi in sezonskimi proizvodi, ki jih pridela trajnostno in učinkovito kmetijstvo, njihov ogljični odtis pa se lahko razlikuje od oglijčnega odtisa uvoženih proizvodov; meni, da je treba ustrezno nagraditi prizadevanja evropskih kmetov za zmanjšanje izpustov ter spodbujati lokalne kmetije k raznoliki proizvodnji (zlasti z razvijanjem proizvodnje rastlinskih beljakovin v EU),
Emphasises that the Union’s position as the leading importer of agricultural produce results in a higher carbon cost than that generated by European farms, owing to the lower environmental standards often found in non-EU countries, coupled with long-distance transport emissions and deforestation; takes the view that there is a need to inform consumers, by means of a targeted communication strategy, of the benefits of a healthy, balanced diet made up of high-quality regional and seasonal items produced by a sustainable and efficient agriculture, the carbon footprint of which could be differentiated from those of imported products; takes the view also that there is a need to compensate European farmers fairly for their efforts to reduce emissions, and to encourage local farms to diversify (inter alia by developing EU production of plant proteins);
23. poudarja, da mora Unija ponovno investirati v politiko za razvoj kmetijstva in gozdarstva ter tako sodelovati pri širjenju nove prakse in spodbujanju razvoja drugih vrst trajnostnega kmetijstva v svetu;
Emphasises that the Union must reinvest in the rural and forestry management development policy in order to help disseminate new practices and foster the development of sustainable agriculture elsewhere in the world;
Ukrepi za prilagajanje evropskega kmetijstva posledicam segrevanja
Measures to help EU agriculture adapt to the effects of global warming
- na eni strani povprečnemu segrevanju podnebja,
– overall global warming;
26. meni, da se mora SKP osredotočiti na upravljanje virov na bolj učinkovit in trajnosten način, kar je treba upoštevati v njeni prihodnji reformi, ki naj na primer vključuje:
Takes the view that the CAP must focus on the management of resources in a more sustainable and efficient way and that this must be taken into account in the forthcoming reform of the CAP, including for example:
- optimalno upravljanje vodnih virov (učinkovitejši namakalni sistemi, uporaba reciklirane vode, varčna uporaba vode na poljih, zadrževanje vode na gričevnatih območjih itd.), ozaveščanje uporabnikov;
– optimising water resource management (more efficient irrigation systems, use of recycled water, economical use of water on the land, hillside reservoirs, etc.), making users responsible;
- izbira sort, izbranih zlasti zaradi njihove odpornosti na skrajne pojave, ter kolobarjenje s kulturami glede na njihovo odpornost proti suši, boleznim itd.;
– choosing crop varieties, particularly those selected for their ability to resist extreme weather events, and practising crop rotation according to considerations such as drought and disease;
- zaščita tal (ob ohranjanju njihovih organskih snovi) pred vodno in vetrno erozijo;
– protecting the soil from water and wind erosion by ensuring organic matter content;
- sajenje drevoredov, živih mej ali pogozdovanje območij ob robu parcel, da se tako zadrži voda in omeji njeno odtekanje ter se hkrati ublaži veter in zaščitijo spremljevalci kultur, kot so opraševalne žuželke;
– planting rows of trees, hedges or wooded areas on the edges of farmland to retain water, limit runoff, act as windbreaks and provide shelter for crop auxiliaries such as pollinating insects;
- ohranjanje pašnikov in spodbujanje pašne živinoreje;
– preserving pastureland and promoting animal production on pastureland;
- ukrepi za spremljanje in nadzor bolezni; v zvezi s tem je nujno oblikovati nacionalne in evropske določbe za spremljanje prvih in vseh naslednjih izbruhov bolezni;
– monitoring and controlling disease; in this context, there is a need to develop national and European instruments to monitor outbreaks and repeat outbreaks;
- ukrepi za spremljanje in nadzor žuželk; v zvezi s tem je treba razviti spremljanje možnega vdora in ukrepe za varovanje zdravja rastlin (okrepljen nadzor na mejah in občutljivih krajih, kot so drevesnice in letališča, ukrepi biološke varnosti);
– undertaking monitoring and control of insects; in this context, monitoring of invasiveness potential and cross compliance measures concerning plant health (increased controls at borders and sensitive locations such as tree nurseries and airports, biosecurity measures) must be developed;
- sanacija uničenih površin;
– restoring damaged areas;
27. poudarja, da bo morda treba ponovno ne le uvesti upravljanje voda na nekdanjih poplavnih območjih, ki so bila manj primerna za obdelavo in zato izsušena, ampak tudi ponovno preučiti regulacijo vodnih tokov, oživiti primerna poplavna območja in jih ponovno zasaditi;
Emphasises that it may be necessary to re-think the water management, including river regulation, of former floodplain areas with unfavourable growing conditions which were subsequently drained, revitalise suitable floodplain areas and replant former floodplain forests;
Posledice za evropski kmetijski model
Implications for the European agricultural model
- ponovno vzpostavitev zmogljivosti proizvodnje in zaščite naravnih ekosistemov, kmetijskih kultur in drugih virov, ki so jih prizadele suša, dezertifikacija ali poplave;
– restoring the production and protection capacities of natural ecosystems, agricultural crops and other assets that are affected by drought and desertification or flooding;
- izboljšanje načinov uporabe vodnih virov, tal in rastlinja, za katere se je s časom izkazalo, da so omejene;
– improving practices with regard to the use of water resources, soil and vegetation which have proved to be unsustainable over time;
- določanje, izboljšanje in širjenje rastlinskih vrst in živalskih pasem na sušnih območjih in/ali območjih, kjer obstaja nevarnost izsušitve;
– identifying, improving and promoting plant species and animal breeds in areas affected by drought and/or at risk of aridity;
30. ugotavlja, da podnebne spremembe neposredno in zelo neugodno vplivajo na kmetijstvo, ki mu je zato treba dati prednost pri oblikovanju ukrepov za blažitev posledic podnebnih sprememb;
Notes that climate change has a direct and disproportionately harmful impact on agriculture, which must therefore be given priority when measures are drawn up to mitigate the effects of climate change;
33. priznava, da mora SKP postaviti najvišja svetovna merila za varstvo okolja; opozarja, da to pomeni tako visoke stroške, da jih trg ne bo mogel kriti, čeprav se lahko delno štejejo kot posredovanje javnih dobrin, in da bodo evropski proizvajalci potrebovali zaščito pred konkurenco iz tretjih držav, ki ne izpolnjujejo okoljskih meril EU;
Recognises that the CAP needs to set world-leading standards in environmental protection; points out that this will mean a level of cost which cannot be recovered from the market, although in part that can be regarded as delivery of public goods, and that European producers will need protection from third-country competition which does not meet EU environmental standards;
38. meni, da je pomembno podpreti prakso celovitega načrtovanja razvoja podeželskih območij, prilagojenega lokalnim potrebam, in sicer z uvedbo načela najboljše rabe zemljišč, ter tako trg dobrin in storitev na lokalni ravni prilagoditi novim okoljskim razmeram (daljša sušna obdobja, plazovi, poplave itd.);
Stresses the importance of promoting integrated development planning practices in rural areas in line with local needs, by introducing principles based on optimising land use in order to adapt to changing environmental conditions (prolonged drought, landslides, floods, etc.) and to the market for products and services that can be supplied at local level;
44. meni, da mora Evropska unija ohraniti svojo vodilno vlogo v boju proti podnebnim spremembam, ki se zaradi sedanjih gospodarskih težav ne bi smele obravnavati kot drugorazredno vprašanje;
Takes the view that the European Union should maintain its leading position in the battle against climate change, and that it should not slip to number two as a result of the current economic difficulties;
Podnebnih sprememb ni več mogoče zanikati.
Climate change is an irrefutable fact.
Povprečne temperature na planetu so se v enem stoletju zvišale za približno 0,8 C in večina znanstvenikov meni, da se bo segrevanje zaradi toplogrednih plinov, ki so se v atmosferi nakopičili v preteklosti, do konca XXI. stoletja še pospeševalo.
Global average temperatures have risen by nearly 0.8°C in a century, and most scientists expect global warming to speed up further by the end of the 21st century as a result of the historical build-up of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere.
Medvladni forum za podnebne spremembe je ocenil, da bo ta rast znašala od 1,1 C (v najboljšem primeru) do 6,4 C, z vsemi negativnimi posledicami, ki jih bo to imelo za ekosisteme in katerih obseg si je danes težko predstavljati.
The IPCC estimates that temperatures will increase by between 1.1°C (best-case scenario) and 6.4°C, with numerous adverse effects on ecosystems, on a scale difficult to imagine at present.
To neposredno zadeva kmetijstvo, saj upravlja zemeljske vire, ki človeštvu omogočajo preživetje.
Agriculture is directly affected, since it manages the land resources necessary to human survival.
Kmetijstvo povzroča del emisij toplogrednih plinov, hkrati pa je zelo izpostavljeno posledicam podnebnih odklonov.
It is responsible for a percentage of GHG emissions while also being very vulnerable to the effects of climate change.
V EU ta sektor proizvede 9 % zadevnih emisij, segrevanje pa ima tudi že otipljive posledice, med katerimi sta najbolj očitni večanje sušnosti v deželah na jugu in višanje vodnih gladin v deželah na severu.
Agriculture accounts for 9% of the EU’s GHG emissions, and the effects of global warming are already being felt, most notably increased drought in southern countries and the rising sea level in northern countries.
Vendar kmetijstvo lahko hkrati tudi pripomore k reševanju opisanih težav.
However, agriculture can also contribute to solving these problems.
Ima namreč velike možnosti, da dejavno in pozitivno sodeluje pri prizadevanjih za ublažitev segrevanja, in sicer v okviru močne skupne kmetijske politike, ki si bo prizadevala za trajnostni in gospodarsko uspešen razvoj.
It has considerable potential to play an active, positive role in global warming mitigation efforts as part of a strong common agricultural policy geared to sustainable and economically viable development.
Lahko se tudi prilagodi že sedanjim spremembam, tako da se opre na znanje kmetov, poklicno usposabljanje, kmetijsko svetovanje ter razvoj raziskav in inovacij.
It is also capable of adapting to the effects of the changes taking place, with the help of farmers’ know-how, vocational training, the farm advisory system and research and innovation developments.
Odgovornost kmetijstva za podnebne spremembe
Agriculture ’ s responsibility for climate change
Po podatkih Evropske agencije za okolje je kmetijstvo v letu 2007 povzročilo 9,3 % vseh emisij toplogrednih plinov v EU 27 držav članic (od tega 5 % emisij dušikovega oksida in 4,3 % emisij metana, pri čemer je delež CO 2 , ki nastane pri kmetijski proizvodnji, povsem obroben), medtem ko je leta 1990 ta delež znašal 11 %.
According to the European Environment Agency, agriculture accounted for 9.3% of total GHG emissions in the EU-27 in 2007 (including 5% of nitrous oxide emissions and 4.3% of methane emissions, but only a minimal proportion of CO 2 emissions), compared with 11% in 1990.
Dušikov oksid (N 2 O) se sprošča iz dušikovih gnojil organskega in mineralnega izvora, medtem ko metan (CH 4 ) večinoma nastaja v prebavnem procesu živine ter pri skladiščenju gnojnice in njenem trosenju.
Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is emitted by organic and mineral nitrogen fertilisers, while methane (CH 4 ) comes primarily from livestock digestive processes and the storage and application of liquid manure.
Zmanjšanje emisij iz kmetijstva, ki je bilo zabeleženo v EU po letu 1990, je povezano z upadom staleža živine, bolj trajnostno uporabo gnojil in boljšim upravljanjem hlevskega gnoja.
The drop in agricultural emissions recorded in the EU since 1990 is the result of smaller herds, more sustainable fertiliser use and better manure management.
Prispevek evropskega kmetijstva k blažitvi
EU agriculture ’ s contribution to mitigation efforts
– Notranja razsežnost
– Internal aspects
Evropsko kmetijstvo lahko k ciljem, povezanim z blažitvijo segrevanja, ki si jih je zastavila EU, pripomore na tri načine: z oblikovanjem rešitev za omejevanje in zmanjševanje lastnih emisij toplogrednih plinov, s spodbujanjem skladiščenja ogljika v tleh ter z razvijanjem proizvodnje obnovljive in trajnostne energije.
EU agriculture can make a threefold contribution to the Union’s global warming mitigation objectives: finding ways to limit and reduce its own GHG emissions, promoting carbon storage in the soil and developing the production of sustainable renewable energies.
Zato je treba spodbujati razvoj drugačnega kmetijstva, ki bo bolje združevalo gospodarske, družbene in okoljske zahteve z naravnimi zmožnostmi posameznih ekosistemov.
To this end, it is essential to foster the development of a different kind of agriculture better able to reconcile economic, social and environmental imperatives with the natural potential of each ecosystem.
· Ohranjanje tal za zmanjšanje in skladiščenje emisij CO 2
· Soil conservation with a view to reducing and storing CO 2 emissions:
Kmetijstvo in gozdarstvo sta poglavitna gospodarska sektorja, ki lahko pripomoreta k zajemanju CO 2 , ki nastaja zaradi človeške dejavnosti, k shranjevanju in skladiščenju ogljika v tleh zaradi njihove zbiralne zmogljivosti ter k fiksiranju te snovi v rastlinah prek fotosinteze.
Agriculture and forestry are the main economic sectors able to capture the CO 2 produced by human activities, to accumulate and store carbon in the soil by acting as reservoirs, and to fix carbon in plants through photosynthesis.
V okviru SKP je treba torej spodbujati kmetijsko prakso, s katero je mogoče omejiti emisije toplogrednih plinov in/ali izboljšati fiksiranje ogljika.
The CAP must therefore encourage farming practices that limit GHG emissions and/or improve carbon fixation.