natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
2. se zaveda težav, s katerimi se soočajo novi priseljenci, zlasti ženske, ki so najbolj ranljiva kategorija zaradi dvojne diskriminacije na podlagi etnične pripadnosti in spola; poziva države članice, naj okrepijo strukture in socialne storitve, ki priseljencem omogočajo, da se ustalijo brez težav, in jim posredujejo informacije o njihovih pravicah in obveznostih v skladu z načeli in zakonodajo držav članic;
Recognises the difficulties faced by newly arrived immigrants, particularly women, who are the most vulnerable category because they suffer twofold discrimination based on ethnic origin and on sex; calls on the Member States to strengthen the structures and social services which enable immigrants to settle in smoothly and to provide them with information about their rights and obligations in accordance with the principles and legislation of the Member States;
4. poziva organizacije priseljencev, da v podporo vključevanju v družbe gostiteljice spodbujajo zlasti svoje članice, pa tudi njihove družine, da se dejavno vključujejo in izkoristijo možnosti za vključevanje, ki jim jih ponuja država gostiteljica;
Calls on immigrant organisations to encourage women members in particular, but also their families, to work actively to integrate and to take advantage of the opportunities for integration which the host countries provide, in order to support the integration efforts of the host societies;
7. poziva države članice, da v skladu s svojo nacionalno zakonodajo in mednarodnimi konvencijami priseljenkam, ki nimajo urejenega statusa in katerih otroci normalno obiskujejo šolo, dodelijo pravico do družinskih dajatev(otroški dodatki, pravica do nastanitve);
Calls on Member States, in compliance with their national legislation and the International Conventions, to grant immigrant women whose status is irregular and whose children are attending school normally the right to family benefits (child allowances, right to housing;
12. poziva Svet, Komisijo in države članice, da vzpostavijo pravni okvir, s katerim bodo priseljenkam zagotovile pravico do posedovanja lastnega potnega lista in dovoljenja za prebivanje ter omogočile kaznovanje osebe, ki bi te dokumente odvzela;
Calls on the Council, the Commission and the Member States to establish a legal framework guaranteeing immigrant women the right to hold their own passport and residence permit and making it possible to hold a person criminally responsible for taking these documents away;
14. poziva države članice, da priseljenkam zagotovijo ustrezno in osnovno izobrazbo v obliki jezikovnih tečajev ter informacije glede temeljnih človekovih, političnih in socialnih pravic ter demokratičnih načel v državi gostiteljici, kar bo pospešilo njihovo vključevanje v družbo v državi gostiteljici ter jih zaščitilo pred diskriminacijo v družini in družbi;
Calls on the Member States to ensure that women immigrants receive adequate and essential education in the form of language lessons and information concerning fundamental human, political and social rights and democratic principles in the host country, which will facilitate their smooth social integration into the host country and protect them from discrimination in the family and society;
17. poziva države članice, naj bodo posebej razumevajoče pri spodbujanju sodelovanja priseljenk v družbenem in političnem življenju v skladu z nacionalno zakonodajo in priložnostmi, ki iz nje izhajajo;
Calls on the Member States to show particular sensitivity in encouraging the participation of women immigrants in social and political life in accordance with national legislation and the opportunities deriving therefrom;
20. poziva Svet, Komisijo in države članice, da sprejmejo vse potrebne ukrepe za zaščito pravic priseljenih žensk in deklet ter za boj proti diskriminaciji, s katero se soočajo v svojih izvornih skupnostih, tako da zavrnejo vse oblike kulturnega in verskega relativizma, s katerim so kršene temeljne pravice žensk;
Calls on the Council, the Commission and the Member States to take all necessary action to protect the rights of immigrant women and immigrant girls and to combat the discrimination they face in their community of origin, by refusing all forms of cultural and religious relativism which could violate women's fundamental rights;
24. poziva Komisijo, države članice in države izvora, naj svoje prebivalstvo sistematično in odgovorno obveščajo o politikah priseljevanja EU ter izzivih, priložnostih in obveznostih tako priseljencev kot priseljenk v državah gostiteljicah, da bi preprečili negativen vpliv nezakonitega priseljevanja, marginalizacijo ter ekonomsko in spolno izkoriščanje priseljenk v državah gostiteljicah;
Calls on the Commission, the Member States and the countries of origin to provide their populations with systematic and responsible information about the EU’s immigration policies and challenges, the opportunities and obligations of immigrants, both men and women, in the host countries, with the aim of preventing the negative impact of illegal immigration, and the marginalisation and economic and sexual exploitation of women immigrants in the host countries;
28. poziva Komisijo, da zbere podatke o priseljevanju v EU, povezane s spolom, in se z Evropskim inštitutom za enakost med spoloma dogovori za njihovo analizo, zato da bi dodatno poudarili posebne potrebe in težave priseljenk ter najprimernejše metode za njihovo vključevanje v družbe držav gostiteljic;
Calls on the Commission to collect gender-related data on immigration into the EU and to arrange for the analysis of that data by the European Institute for Gender Equality in order to highlight further the particular needs and problems of women immigrants and the most appropriate methods of integrating them into the societies of the host countries;
34. poziva Svet in Komisijo, da v okviru skupne evropske politike o priseljevanju in azilu med razloge za pravico do prošnje za azil vključi tveganje žensk, da jim pohabijo spolne organe;
Urges the Council and the Commission, in the framework of a European common immigration and asylum policy, to include the risk of being subjected to female genital mutilation among the reasons for requesting the right of asylum;
36. poziva Komisijo, da pripravi sporočilo o priseljenkah, ki bo vključevalo primerljive statistične podatke glede kakovosti in števila ter študije o položaju in vlogi priseljenk v EU, ter predloži posebne predloge in politike za boljše in učinkovitejše vključevanje priseljenk v družbo države gostiteljice;
Calls on the Commission to draw up a communication on women's migration containing comparative qualitative and quantitative statistics and studies on the position and role of women immigrants in the EU and to put forward specific proposals and policies to improve and make more effective the integration of women immigrants into the host societies;
Vstop priseljencev v EU je zgodovinska stvarnost, ki se bo nadaljevala tudi v prihodnosti.
The entry of immigrants into the EU is a historical reality but is also bound to be a feature of the future.
Naši cilji razvoja in socialne kohezije so zato neposredno povezani s sposobnostjo upravljanja s selitvenimi tokovi, omogočanjem priseljencem, da so koristni, in njihovim vključevanjem v naše družbe.
Our objectives of development and social cohesion are therefore directly related to the ability to manage migration flows, and to make use of immigrants and integrate them into our societies.
Očitni socialni nemiri v mnogih evropskih mestih so povezani z neuspehom raziskav, preučevanja in politike na tem področju.
The social disorder apparent in many European cities is related to the failings of research, study and policy in this area.
Zlasti položaj in težave priseljenk so še vedno na družbenem robu in nevidni.
In particular, the situation and the problems of women immigrants have remained on the margins and overshadowed.
Namen vaše poročevalke je osvetliti različne vidike priseljevanja žensk in priložnosti, ki ga ponuja, skupaj z instrumenti evropske politike, ki lahko varujejo pravice priseljenk in jim pomagajo, da bolje izkoristijo priložnosti, ki jih imajo.
It is your rapporteur’s aim to highlight the various aspects of and opportunities afforded by women’s immigration together with the instruments of European policy which can protect the rights of women immigrants and help them make better use of their opportunities.
a) Splošni številčni podatki
(a) General numerical data
Opozoriti je treba, da smo se srečali z velikimi težavami pri zbiranju in beleženju podatkov in statistike o selitvenih tokovih v Evropo, zlasti o priseljevanju žensk, tako na ravni držav članic kot na ravni EU
It must be noted that, both at Member State and EU level, we have encountered great difficulty in collecting and recording data and statistics on migration flows into Europe and, in particular, on women’s migration
Glej predlog uredbe Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta o statističnih podatkih Skupnosti o selitvah in mednarodni zaščiti [KOM(2005)375 končno - še neobjavljeno v Uradnem listu] .
See proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on community statistics on migration and international protection [COM(2005) 375 final - Not published in the Official Journal]. .
Glede na podatke Mednarodne organizacije za migracije predstavljajo priseljenke 45 % vseh priseljencev v razvite države.
According to the figures of the International Organisation for Migrants, women represent 45% of immigrants to the developed countries.
V razširjeni EU ugotavljamo težnjo k stalni rasti števila priseljenk, ki znaša približno 54 % števila vseh priseljencev
In the enlarged EU, there is a trend towards a continuous rise in the number of women immigrants, making up approximately 54% of the total number of immigrants
Evropska anketa o delovni sili (Eurostat). .
European Community Labour Forces Survey (Eurostat). .
b) Kvalitativni podatki
(b) Qualitative data
Žensko priseljevanje v EU zajema širok razpon kategorij, na primer:
Women’s immigration into the EU covers a wide range of categories, such as:
- združitev družine
- family reunification
- gospodarske migracije
- economic migration
- nezakonito priseljevanje.
- illegal immigration.
Kljub politikam, ki jih izvaja EU, številni priseljenci trenutno živijo na družbenem robu.
Despite the policies implemented by the EU, a large number of immigrants currently live on the margins of society.
Imajo skrajno omejen dostop do javnega, političnega in gospodarskega življenja, po podatkih Sveta Evrope pa so priseljenke dvakrat zapostavljene, zaradi spola in zaradi narodnosti.
Their access to public, political and economic life remains extremely limited and, according to Council of Europe data, women immigrants are the victims of double discrimination on grounds of gender and ethnic origin.
Ta diskriminacija se tudi odvija na dveh ravneh - v družbi gostiteljici in v priseljenski skupnosti, v kateri živijo
Such discrimination also takes place on two levels - in the host society and in the immigrant community in which they live
Glej Resolucijo 1478 (2006) o vključevanju priseljenk v Evropi, odstavek 1. .
See Resolution 1478(2006) on the integration of immigrant women in Europe, paragraph 1. .
Politika priseljevanja mora upoštevati spol in razlike med priseljenskimi skupnostmi, saj težave in diskriminacija niso povsod enake ali enako hude.
An immigration policy must take account of gender and the differences between the immigrant communities because the problems and the discrimination are not the same or on the same scale across the board.
Stopnja zaposlenosti zakonitih priseljenk je samo 44 %, medtem ko je stopnja nezaposlenosti 19 %
The employment rate for legal women immigrants is only 44%, while the unemployment rate is 19%.
Eurostat, Statistika v središču, Teme 3-2/2003, str.
Eurostat, Statistics in Focus, Theme 3-2/2003, p.
Med priseljenkami iz tretjih držav in tistimi iz držav članic EU je velika razlika v zaposlenosti (16,9 %), ta razlika pri moških pa je 11 %.
There is also a wide disparity in employment (16.9%) between immigrant women from third countries and those from EU Member States, while the same disparity for male immigrants is 11%.
Razlika v zaposlenosti med priseljenkami iz tretjih držav z visoko izobrazbo in priseljenci iz držav članic EU je precej večja (23,3 %)
The disparity in employment between third-country immigrant women with high qualifications and immigrants from EU Member States is considerably greater (23.2%)
Glej Poročilo Komisije Svetu, Evropskemu parlamentu, Evropskemu ekonomsko-socialnemu odboru in Odboru regij o enakosti žensk in moških, (KOM (2005) 44 končno) z dne 14. februarja 2005, stran 6. .
See report from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on equality between women and men, (COM (2005) 44 final), of 14 February 2005, page 6. .
Leta 2000 so bili zaslužki priseljenk iz tretjih držav približno 10 % nižji od primerljivih zaslužkov priseljenk iz držav članic EU.
In 2000, the earnings of third-country women immigrants was some 10% lower than the corresponding earnings of women migrants from EU Member States.
Pri moških je bila razlika samo 4 %.
For men, the disparity was only 4%.
Glavna težava, s katero se soočajo priseljenke, je še vedno izobraženost, če upoštevamo dejstvo, da 50 % žensk ne nadaljuje izobraževanja po obveznem šolanju, medtem ko se približno 17 % izobražuje na visoki stopnji
The main problem facing women immigrants remains education, taking account of the fact that 50% of women immigrants do not go beyond compulsory education, while approximately 17% go through tertiary education
Eurostat, Statistika v središču, 3-2/2003, str.
Eurostat, Statistics in Focus, 3-2/2003, p.
Položaj priseljenk je v mnogih primerih odvisen od pravnega statusa njihovih zakoncev ali pa po zakonu veljajo za vzdrževane osebe, kar ima neugodne posledice v primeru ločitve ali smrti zakonca, in jih, še posebej v primeru poligamije, potisne v "nezakonito" delo oziroma delo "na črno", s čimer so prikrajšane za socialno zaščito in dostojanstvo.
The situation of women immigrants in many cases depends on the legal status of their spouse or they are considered in legal terms to be dependent persons, which has adverse consequences in the event of divorce or the death of the spouse and, in particular, in cases of polygamy, which channel them into ‘illegal’ or ‘black’ work and deprivation of social protection and dignity.
V nekaterih skupnostih negativne stereotipne predstave o ženskem spolu praviloma povzročajo diskriminacijo teh žensk, ki se pogosto stopnjuje v nasilje, tako duševno kot telesno, in gre včasih v skrajnosti, kot so kazniva dejanja iz časti.
In some communities, negative female gender stereotyping as a rule gives rise to severe discrimination against those women, often culminating in violence, both mental and physical, sometimes going as far as crimes of honour.
Po statističnih podatkih nevladnih organizacij je vsako leto 5000 žensk žrtev kaznivih dejanj iz časti, velik delež pa je priseljenk, ki pripadajo muslimanskim skupnostim v Evropi.
According to NGO statistics, 5 000 women fall victim to crimes of honour every year, a large number of whom are immigrant women who are members of Muslim communities in Europe.
POLITIKA SKUPNOSTI O PRISELJEVANJU - ŽENSKA RAZSEŽNOST
B. COMMUNITY POLICY ON IMMIGRATION - THE FEMALE DIMENSION
a) Pravna podlaga
(a) Legal basis
Spodbujanje temeljnih pravic, nediskriminiranje in enake možnosti za vse so osnovne značilnosti politik vključevanja.
The promotion of fundamental rights, the absence of discrimination, and equal opportunities for all are basic features of integration policies.
Zakonodaja EU določa strog okvir določb za enako obravnavanje po členu 13 Pogodbe ES.
EU legislation lays down a rigorous framework of provisions for equal treatment based on Article 13 of the EC Treaty.
Člen 63 Pogodbe ES podeljuje Evropski skupnosti pristojnosti in pooblastila na področju priseljevanja in azila.
Article 63 of the EC Treaty confers powers and competences on the European Community in the fields of immigration and asylum.
b) Zakonodaja in pobude skupnosti
(b) Community legislation and initiatives
Evropski svet v Tampereju (1999) je določil okvir za strategijo potrebnega učinkovitega upravljanja selitvenih tokov z odločno politiko vključevanja državljanov tretjih držav, ki zakonito prebivajo na ozemlju države članice.
The European Council meeting in Tampere (1999) laid down the framework for a strategy for the necessary effective management of migration flows with a resolute policy of integrating national of third countries residing legally on the territory of a Member State.
Glavna zakonodajna akta in pobude v tem okviru so:
The main legal acts and initiatives within this framework are:
Direktiva 2000/43/ES, ki opredeljuje in prepoveduje neposredno ali posredno diskriminacijo na podlagi narodnosti in Direktiva 2003/109/ES, ki določa status in enake pravice za državljane tretjih držav, ki so rezidenti za daljši čas.
Directive 2000/43/EC defining and prohibiting direct and indirect discrimination on grounds of ethnic origin and Directive 2003/109/EC laying down the status of and equal rights for third-country nationals who are long-term residents.
Direktiva 2003/86/ES ureja pomembno vprašanje, ki se neposredno tiče priseljenk, pravico do združitve družine, v skladu z obveznostjo varstva družine in spoštovanja družinskega življenja.
Directive 2003/86/EC regulates an important issue which directly concerns women immigrants, the right to family reunification, in accordance with the obligation to protect the family and respect family life.
To je pravica, ki jo zakonec prosilca za ponovno združitev sedaj lahko uveljavlja.
A right which the spouse of the applicant for reunification can now request.
Poleg dovoljenja za bivanje za enako obdobje kot prosilec imajo družinski člani dostop do izobraževanja, zaposlitve in poklicnega usposabljanja.
In addition to a residence permit of equal duration to that of the applicant, the members of his family have access to education, employment and vocational training.
Najkasneje po petih letih bivanja imajo zakonec ali izvenzakonski partner in vsi otroci, ki so v tem času postali polnoletni, pravico do osebnega dovoljenja za bivanje.
After five years of residence at the latest, the spouse or the unmarried partner, and any child which has become of age in the meantime, are entitled to a personal residence permit.
V začetku leta 2005 je Komisija objavila zeleno knjigo o pristopu EU k obvladovanju gospodarske migracije in decembra istega leta sporočilo o "osnutku politik o zakonitem priseljevanju", kar je postavilo temelje za številne predloge direktiv (pogoji vstopa in prebivanja delavcev s posebnimi kvalifikacijami, sezonskih delavcev, delavcev, ki so premeščeni znotraj korporacije, delavci na plačanem usposabljanju) itd.
In early 2005, the Commission published a Green Paper on an EU approach to managing economic migration and, in December of the same year, a Communication on ‘a draft policy on legal immigration’ which laid the foundations for a number of proposals for directives (conditions of entry and residence of specially skilled migrants, seasonal workers, intra-corporate transferees, paid trainees) etc.
Kot je bilo omenjeno, se je precejšnja skupina žensk priselila iz gospodarskih razlogov.
As mentioned above, a significant group of women immigrants are economic migrants.
Politika EU na tem področju bi zato morala resno upoštevati to razsežnost.
EU policy in this field should, therefore, take this dimension seriously into account.
Pozitivno je, da Sporočilo Komisije iz septembra 2005 z naslovom "Skupni program za vključevanje.
It is positive that the Commission Communication (September 2005) on ‘a common agenda for integration.
Okvir za vključevanje državljanov tretjih držav v Evropsko unijo" izrecno navaja, da morajo izvajani ukrepi upoštevati posebne značilnosti spola in položaja žensk, mladih in otrok priseljencev.
Framework for the integration of third-country nationals in the European Union’ expressly stresses that the measures to be implemented should take account of the specific nature of gender and the situation of women, young people and children of immigrants.
Treba bi bilo tudi primerno izkoristiti priložnost, ki jo imajo finančni instrumenti za ukrepe v prid ženskam in priseljenkam (Evropski socialni sklad, EQUAL, Evropski sklad za regionalni razvoj, Evropski akcijski program za izobraževanje).
Proper use should also be made of the opportunity offered by the financial instruments for measures on behalf of women or by women immigrants (European Social Fund, EQUAL, European Regional Development Fund, European action programme for education).
Predloga Komisije, da bi leto 2007 obeležili kot evropsko leto enakih možnosti za vse in leto 2008 kot leto medkulturnega dialoga sta pomembni pobudi za osveščanje, ki bosta pomagali doseči cilje obojestranskega razumevanja, vključevanja in spodbujanja enakosti priseljenk.
The Commission’s proposals to designate 2007 as the European Year of Equal Opportunities for All and 2008 as the Year of Intercultural Dialogue are major awareness-enhancing initiatives which will help achieve the objectives of mutual understanding, integration and the promotion of equality of women immigrants.
c) Sedanje razmere
(c) Current situation
Leta 2003 je Komisija izdala splošno poročilo o priseljevanju, vključevanju in zaposlovanju, leta 2004 pa je oblikovala uvodno letno poročilo o presoji.
In 2003, the Commission published a general communication on immigration, integration and employment and, in 2004, drew up an initial annual assessment report.
Večina držav članic ni sistematično upoštevala vprašanj spola v povezavi s priseljevanjem, ne na ravni politike ne na ravni zbiranja podatkov, kot je razvidno iz ocene nacionalnih politik vključevanja (poročila o kontaktnih točkah za vključevanje, nacionalni akcijski načrti zaposlovanja, nacionalni akcijski načrti za socialno vključevanje).
Most Member States do not seem to have taken systematic account of gender issues in relation to immigration either at the level of policy or data collection, as appears from the evaluation of the national integration policies (reports of the national integration contact points, national action plans for employment, national action plans for social integration).
Vredno je opozoriti na različne prakse in inovativne ukrepe, povezane posebej z ženskami, navedene v nadaljevanju.
Various practices and innovative measures relating particularly to women are worthy of note, as follows:
Kar zadeva problematiko jezikovnega znanja, je večina držav članic sprejela ukrepe za izboljšanje razmer (zlasti za nove priseljence).
As regards the problem of language skills, most Member States are taking measures to improve this situation (particularly for newly arrived immigrants).
Zlasti si je treba prizadevati za izboljšanje poklicnega svetovanja.
Special efforts are being made to improve vocational guidance.
Prizadevamo si, da bi spodbudili sodelovanje in zavzetost socialnih partnerjev na tem področju.
Efforts are being made to promote the participation and commitment of the social partners in this area.
Bolj se poudarja izobraževanje javnosti in zagotavljanje informacij o osnovnih pravicah in obveznostih priseljencev, vključno z enakostjo žensk in moških, ter o pravil in vrednotah, ki veljajo v državah gostiteljicah.
Greater emphasis is being given to education of the public, providing information on the basic rights and obligations of immigrants, including equality between men and women, and on the rules and values applying in the host countries.
Kar zadeva nezaposlenost, revščino in socialno izključenost, področja, kjer so priseljenke še posebej ranljive, številne države še niso opravile poglobljene analize dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na nastanek teh razmer.
As regards unemployment, poverty and social exclusion, areas in which women immigrants are quite vulnerable, many countries do not seem to have made an in-depth analysis as yet of the factors which result in these situations.