natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
J. ker je zasebnim investitorjem treba zagotoviti garancije, da se pogodbeni pogoji v času veljavnosti pogodbe ne bodo spremenili,
J. whereas private investors must be provided with guarantees that the terms of a contract will not be altered during its lifetime,
K. ker mora katera koli pravna ureditev javno-zasebnega partnerstva spoštovati pravice do lokalne ali regionalne samouprave v tolikšni meri, kot to določajo nacionalne zakonodaje držav članic,
K. whereas any legal regime for PPPs should respect the right of local and regional self-government, in so far as it is enshrined in the Member States' national laws,
L. ker so javno-zasebna partnerstva ena od možnih oblik organizacije izvajanja nalog javnega sektorja in ker je treba javnemu sektorju tudi v prihodnosti omogočiti, da odloča o tem, ali bo neko nalogo opravil sam ali prek lastnega podjetja ali tretje osebe iz zasebnega sektorja,
L. whereas PPPs represent a possible way of organising the fulfilment of public sector tasks, and whereas the public sector must continue to be able to determine whether it fulfils a task itself or does so through its own undertakings or through third parties from the private sector,
M. ker je treba krepiti osveščenost državljanov o vplivu javno-zasebnih partnerstev,
M. whereas citizens' awareness of the impact of PPPs should be increased,
Splošne pripombe
General comments
4. podpira prehodne roke za obstoječe pogodbe, ki so bile sprejete v dobri veri v skladu z nacionalno zakonodajo, da se prepreči pravna negotovost;
Favours transitional periods for existing contracts that have been concluded in good faith in accordance with national law, in order to avoid legal uncertainty;
7. meni, da zunanje opravljanje storitev splošnega pomena od naročnika zahteva, da naročilo dodeli na podlagi postopka oddaje javnih naročil;
Considers that the outsourcing of the provision of services of general interest requires the contracting authority to award the contract on the basis of public procurement procedures;
11. priporoča, da države članice vzpostavijo pregledne mehanizme, ki bodo zagotavljali varovanje pravnih in finančnih interesov zasebnih investitorjev v času veljavnosti pogodbe;
Recommends that the Member States create transparent mechanisms guaranteeing that private investors’ legal and financial interests are protected during the whole lifetime of a contract;
16. pričakuje, da bodo države članice sprejele ukrepe za pravočasno in primerno obravnavo vplivov na občinske delavce, spodbujale in zagotavljale pravične ureditve glede prenosa delavcev (javnega ali zasebnega sektorja) in pravične delovne pogoje v skladu z direktivo 2001/23/ES z dne 12. marca 2001 o približevanju zakonodaje držav članic v zvezi z ohranjanjem pravic delavcev v primeru prenosa podjetij, obratov ali delov podjetij ali obratov
Recommends that the Member States alleviate the task of the public sector by improving the training of the decision-makers with the task of selecting private partners for PPPs;
19. spodbuja Komisijo in Evropsko investicijsko banko, da združita svoje strokovno znanje in ga razširita zlasti v tiste države, kjer javni organi niso seznanjeni z javno-zasebnim partnerstvom;
Encourages the Commission and the European Investment Bank to gather together their expertise and disseminate it, especially in those Member States where the public authorities are not familiar with PPPs;
23. se strinja z mnenjem Komisije, da se pri oddaji javnih naročil na področju gradnje in storitev izbira in pooblastitev zasebnega partnerja načeloma določa v skladu z direktivami o javnih naročilih, če izbira in postopek oddaje naročila sovpadata;
Shares the Commission’s view that in the award of public construction or service contracts, the selection and commissioning of the private partner should as a matter of principle comply with the public procurement directives if that selection and the award of the contract are concurrent;
27. pozdravlja dejstvo, da želi Komisija po izvedbi temeljite presoje vpliva izvajati zakonodajne pristojnosti; meni, da če zakonodajo s tega področja predlaga Komisija, mora javnim organom omogočiti, da lahko na podlagi prilagodljivih, preglednih in nediskriminacijskih postopkov izbirajo najboljšega partnerja v skladu z vnaprej določenimi merili;
Takes note of the fact that after carrying out a detailed impact assessment the Commission would like to take legislative action; considers that if such legislation is proposed by the Commission, it should allow public authorities, through flexible, transparent and non-discriminatory procedures, to choose the best partner according to criteria which are defined in advance;
30. meni, da načelo preglednosti zahteva, da se dejavniki, od katerih je odvisna določitev trajanja pogodbe, objavijo v razpisni dokumentaciji, da jih lahko ponudniki upoštevajo že pri pripravi ponudb;
Takes the view that the principle of transparency requires the factors on which the determination of the duration of the contract is based to be published in the tender documents, so that tenderers can take this into account when drawing up their tenders;
Institucionalizirana javno-zasebna partnerstva in interni odnosi
IPPPs and ‘in-house relations’
36. meni, da se obseg internih poslov brez postopka za oddajo naročil ne bi smel dodatno povečevati, ker bodo tako določeni sektorji odvezani dolžnosti, da izpolnjujejo pravila notranjega trga in konkurence;
Does not believe that ‘in-house relations’ without award procedures should be further extended in scope as this would dispense certain sectors from the need to comply with internal market and competition rules;
39. meni, da pragovna vrednost, kakršnakoli že je, za minimalno udeležbo javnega naročnika v skupnem podjetju z zasebniki omogoča trajnosten varnostni mehanizem, zato se pri vsaki razpravi o pragovni vrednosti pojavijo težave;
Considers that a threshold value, however defined, for the minimum stake of a public contracting authority in an undertaking whose capital is held jointly with private partners would result in certain permanent protected stakes and that any limit put forward for discussion consequently poses problems;
Medobčinsko sodelovanje
Cooperation between local authorities
– gre za sodelovanje med lokalnimi organi,
- such cooperation is between local authorities,
– če so naloge, prenesene na lokalne organe, povezane z reorganizacijo uprave ali če so pravice do nadzora lokalnih organov podobne tistim, s katerimi razpolagajo nad lastnimi službami, in
- the tasks, the performance of which was assigned to these local authorities, are to be considered a measure of administrative reorganisation or if the supervisory powers of the local authorities concerned are similar to those which they exercise with regard to their own departments,
– če se dejavnosti v glavnem opravljajo za zadevne lokalne organe;
- the activities are essentially performed for the local authorities concerned;
Splošne ugotovitve
General comments
V zadnjih letih so javno-zasebna partnerstva po vsej Evropi vse bolj priljubljena.
In recent years PPPs have throughout Europe enjoyed increasing popularity.
Pri tem se modeli med državami članicami zelo razlikujejo glede na zakonske okvire in sektorje, v katerih se uporabljajo javno-zasebna partnerstva.
The form they have taken has varied substantially between Member States, depending on the national law concerned and the sectors in which PPPs are used.
Ker zdaj ne obstaja enotna evropska opredelitev javno-zasebnih partnerstev, pojem vključuje splošen opis dogovorov med javnimi ustanovami in zasebnim sektorjem.
As there is no standard European definition at present ‘PPPs’ serves as a blanket term for agreements between public authorities and private industry.
Dogovori so povezani z javnimi infrastrukturnimi ukrepi ali javnimi storitvami.
Such agreements may concern public infrastructure projects or public services.
Kadar se javno-zasebna partnerstva pravilno izvajajo, se praviloma zmanjšajo stroški življenjskega cikla, izboljša porazdelitev tveganj, pospeši izvedba javnih del in storitev, izboljša kakovost in dosežejo varčevalni učinki.
If PPPs are properly applied they usually result in lower life-cycle costs, better risk distribution, faster completion of public works and services, improved quality and financial savings.
Podrobnejša obravnava pokaže, da so javno-zasebna partnerstva v Evropski uniji zelo različno razvita.
On closer inspection it is remarkable how greatly the development of PPPs varies across the European Union.
V grobem razlikujemo med tremi vrstami držav članic: vodilno skupino, ki jo sestavljajo Združeno kraljestvo, Francija, Nemčija, Irska in Italija, sredinsko skupino ter skupino držav z malo izkušnjami na tem področju.
A rough distinction may be made between three groups of Member States: a leading group, comprising the UK, France, Germany, Ireland and Italy, a mid-field and a group with little experience in this area.
Srednje- in vzhodnoevropske države spadajo zaradi svojih posebnih gospodarskih in političnih značilnosti v posebno skupino.
In view of their particular economic and political features the central and eastern European countries form a group of their own.
Javno-zasebna partnerstva so v teh državah zelo pomembna pri vzpostavljanju moderne infrastrukture.
In these countries PPPs are playing a particularly important role in creating a modern infrastructure.
Zgoraj navedena vodilna skupina držav članic se odlikuje po tem, da ima veliko izkušenj v različnih sektorjih od infrastrukturnih ukrepov na področju železniškega in cestnega prevoza do projektov na področju zdravstvenih, izobraževalnih in zaporniških sistemov.
The leading group of Member States just mentioned is characterised by its wide experience in various sectors, ranging from road and rail to projects in the public health system, education and the prison service.
Razen tega se te države pogosto jasno zavedajo prednosti in slabosti projektov javno-zasebnih partnerstev v posameznih sektorjih.
These countries also often have a clear idea of the pros and cons of PPP projects in specific sectors.
Pogosto so te države že sprejele posebne zakone na nacionalni ali regionalni ravni, razvile pa so tudi namenske metode vrednotenja za merjenje uspeha.
There are not infrequently special laws at national or regional level, and particular evaluation methods have been developed to measure their success.
Druge države, kot je Irska, so ustanovile lastne upravne oddelke, da razvijejo in centralizirajo strokovno znanje in izkušnje o javno-zasebnih partnerstvih.
Other countries, such as Ireland, have set up separate government departments to ensure that ‘PPP expertise’ is developed and centralised.
Zlasti na podlagi izkušenj Združenega kraljestva, ki je „pionir“ pri uporabi javno-zasebnih partnerstev, in tudi izkušenj drugih držav lahko ugotovimo:
From experience in the United Kingdom, which may be termed a ‘pioneering country’ in the application of PPPs, and other countries the following provisional conclusions can be drawn.
- Nekateri sektorji se zdijo primernejši za uporabo modelov javno-zasebnih partnerstev kot drugi.
- Some sectors would seem better suited than others to the application of PPP models.
Infrastrukturni projekti na področjih železniškega in cestnega prevoza so praviloma ustvarili merljivo dodano vrednost.
Infrastructure projects in the road and rail industries have as a rule produced a measurable added value.
Vseeno je treba počakati na ugotovitve, ali je možno podobne rezultate doseči tudi v zdravstvenem in izobraževalnem sistemu ter na drugih področjih.
It remains to be seen whether similar results can be obtained in the health and education sectors, and in other areas.
Ker so pogodbe začele veljati pred kratkim, dokončna ocena za zdaj ni možna.
As contracts have only been running for a short while a conclusive assessment is not yet possible here.
Zdi se, da tudi sektorji, za katere so značilne hitre tehnološke spremembe, na primer področje informacijske tehnologije, niso primerni za projekte javno-zasebnih partnerstev.
But sectors that are subject to rapid technological change, such as the IT industry, would not appear to be suitable for PPP projects.
Skoraj nemogoče je določiti verodostojne standarde kakovosti za daljše obdobje, ne da bi pri tem ovirali možne inovacije in izboljšanje kakovosti storitev.
It is virtually impossible to lay down credible quality standards over a relatively long period without obstructing potential innovation and improvement in the quality of services.
- Pomembna je pravilna izbira parametrov za merjenje stroškovne učinkovitosti projektov javno-zasebnih partnerstev.
- The right choice of parameters seems important for measuring the cost-benefit ratio of a PPP project.
- Izkazalo se je, da projekti javno-zasebnih partnerstev pogosto prekašajo klasično oddajo javnih naročil v načrtovalni in gradbeni fazi, v obratovalni fazi pa včasih povzročajo velike težave.
- There are signs that PPP projects often have the edge over traditional task allocation methods at the planning and construction stages, but sometimes run into serious problems at the operational stage.
- Razen tega so potrebna boljša sredstva za učinkovito preverjanje in zagotovitev vpliva na izvedbeno zmogljivost zasebnega sektorja.
- There is also a need for better ways of effectively reviewing and influencing implementation by the private sector.
To vključuje tudi verodostojne sankcije, kot so klavzule o umiku plačila ali preklic pogodbe.
This also involves credible penalties, such as clauses for withholding payment or cancelling the contract.
- Končno so za razvoj in uspeh javno-zasebnih partnerstev izjemno pomembni nacionalni politični pristop in obstoječe stanje usposobljenosti.
- Finally, national policies and available skill levels play a key role in PPPs’ development and success.
Ustanavljanje specializiranih oddelkov znotraj javne uprave in izboljšanje usposobljenosti vodstva v zasebnem in javnem sektorju bosta verjetno zagotovila boljše rezultate v prihodnosti.
The creation of specialist government departments and improvement of management skills in the private as well as the public sector are likely to result in better results in future.
Pogosto se bo morala spremeniti miselnost v javni upravi.
A change of mindset in public administration will be needed in many areas.
Na koncu je mogoče ugotoviti, da javno-zasebna partnerstva niso univerzalna rešitev.
To sum up, PPPs are no panacea.
Javno-zasebna partnerstva je zelo težko načrtovati, izvajati in upravljati.
They are difficult to plan, implement and run.
Preden se pokažejo vidni rezultati, je potrebnega veliko časa.
They take a long time to produce tangible results.
Zato je toliko bolj pomembno preučiti smiselnost vključitve organov oblasti v javno-zasebna partnerstva in način oblikovanja takšnih partnerstev.
Hence it is all the more important to check thoroughly beforehand whether the public authority should set up a PPP and if so what form it should take.
Vlade si morajo najprej prizadevati za izboljšanje administrativnih sposobnosti in metod vrednotenja ter šele potem razmisliti o širitvi javno-zasebnih partnerstev na druge sektorje.
Governments should to start with concentrate on improving their administrative capacities and assessment methods rather than extending the use of PPPs to other sectors.
V zvezi z javno-zasebnimi partnerstvi je treba zagotoviti, da tveganja prevzame tista stran, ki jih lahko najbolj uspešno obvladuje, in da se z vključitvijo zasebnega sektorja učinkovito izkoristijo prednosti.
It needs ensuring that with PPPs the risks are allocated to the side that can best deal with them and that the advantages of involving the private sector are used effectively.
Če javni sektor ne upošteva tega pristopa, obstaja nevarnost, da bo izvajal projekte javno-zasebnih partnerstev iz napačnih razlogov, kot je na primer kratkoročno izboljšanje proračunskega stanja, ki negativno vpliva na dolgoročno finančno trdnost.
Without that approach there is a danger that the public sector will run PPP projects for the wrong reasons, such as for short-term improvement of the budget situation at the expense of sound financial management in the longer term.
V zvezi s sedanjim pravnim okvirom o javno-zasebnih partnerstvih je možno ugotoviti, da ne obstaja posebna evropska ureditev za izbiro zasebnega partnerja ali za fazo izvajanja.
On the present legal framework of PPPs it should be noted that there is no special provision in European law, either for selecting the private partner or for the implementation stage.
Za izbiro partnerja se uporabljajo splošna načela iz Pogodbe ES in obstoječe direktive o javnih naročilih.
For selecting the partner the general principles of the EC Treaty apply, as do the current directives on public contracts.
V skladu s Pogodbo ES za vse pogodbe, s katerimi javna ustanova odda naročilo, veljajo splošna načela svobode ustanavljanja in svobode opravljanja storitev iz členov 43 do 49 Pogodbe ES.
Under the EC Treaty all agreements in which a public authority awards a contract are subject to the general principles on freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services in Articles 43 to 49.
Zato morajo pogodbe javno-zasebnih partnerstev izpolnjevati zahteve po preglednosti, enakem obravnavanju, sorazmernosti in vzajemnem priznavanju.
It follows that PPP agreements must satisfy the requirements of transparency, equal treatment, proportionality and mutual recognition.
Razen tega se za pogodbe javno-zasebnih partnerstev, ki so opredeljene kot javna naročila, uporabljajo splošne direktive o javnih naročilih.
In addition, PPP agreements that count as public contracts are subject to the application of the public procurement directives.
Za koncesije za javne gradnje se uporabljajo nekatere posebne določbe, koncesije storitev pa niso zajete s sekundarno zakonodajo.
Some special provisions apply to building concessions, while service concessions are not at present covered by secondary law.
Za izvajanje javno-zasebnih partnerstev se uporabljajo nacionalni zakoni, ki morajo biti usklajeni z nadrejenimi pravili iz Pogodbe ES.
On the implementation of PPPs the national laws apply and they must concord with the provisions of the EC Treaty, which take precedence.
Ker ni enotnega pravnega okvira za javno-zasebna partnerstva na evropski ravni in ker so nacionalni zakoni precej različni, se postavlja vprašanje, ali je potrebna enotna ureditev, da se zagotovita preglednost in učinkovita konkurenca med udeleženci na trgu.
In the absence of a uniform legal framework for PPPs at European level and in view of the heterogeneity of national laws the question arises, whether uniform provisions are needed to safeguard transparency and effective competition between market participants.
Pri posvetovanju, ki je sledilo objavi zelene knjige, je malo več kot polovica udeležencev zavrnila horizontalno ureditev javno-zasebnih partnerstev, vendar je podprla pobudo za koncesije, institucionalizirana javno-zasebna partnerstva in interne odnose.
In the consultations that followed the Green Paper a small majority of those taking part came out against the blanket regulation of PPPs but favoured initiatives on concessions, IPPPs and in-house relations.
Soglasje ni bilo doseženo v zvezi s vprašanjem o oblikah možnih pobud, ali naj se da prednost ukrepom zakonodajne ali nezakonodajne narave.
There was no agreement on the form of possible initiatives, i.e. whether legislative or non-legislative measures were to be preferred.
Javno-zasebna partnerstva so načeloma oblika oddaje javnih naročil.
PPPs are essentially a form of public contracting.
Vseeno je zlasti vedno bolj obsežna sodna praksa Sodišča Evropskih skupnosti povzročila pravno negotovost, ki jo je treba odpraviti.
But because of the proliferating case-law of the Court of Justice, in particular, a situation of legal uncertainty has come about that ought to be tidied up.
Skrbno je treba tudi preveriti, kje je možno poenotiti ureditev in hkrati ohraniti temeljne razlike.
There also needs to be a careful look at where provisions can be standardised without blurring serious differences.
Načeloma je treba zakonodajni postopek izvajati postopoma, ker so javno-zasebna partnerstva pogosto zelo zapleteni dogovori, katerih privlačnost je možno ohraniti le s prilagodljivo ureditvijo.
The legislative process should as a matter of principle go carefully, because PPPs are often very complex agreements whose attractiveness can only survive in a climate of flexible regulation.
Z regulativnega stališča je treba zastopati jasno stališče, da je treba pri vsaki izbiri zasebnega partnerja izbrati pregledne postopke.
In legal terms there needs to be a clear statement that wherever a private partner is being selected transparent procedures must be chosen.
To je možno utemeljiti z zahtevo po preglednosti in pravični konkurenci med udeleženci na trgu ter tudi na podlagi dejstva, da imajo zasebni sektor in organi oblasti načeloma različne interese.
Apart from the need for transparency and fair competition between market participants the main reason is that private industry and the public sector are driven by quintessentially different interests.
Drugače pa je treba oceniti okoliščine pri medobčinskem sodelovanju, ki izraža lokalno organizacijsko suverenost.
However, the situation with cooperation between local authorities, which is an expression of local self-government, should be judged differently.
Ker so težave glede na tematska področja v javno-zasebnih partnerstvih različne, jih je treba v nadaljevanju obravnavati ločeno.
Since the problems vary between PPPs depending on the range of issues involved they are considered separately below.
Javno-zasebna partnerstva kot javna naročila
PPPs as public contracts
Pri javno-zasebnih partnerstvih, ki jih je možno opredeliti kot javna naročila, je pomembno predvsem vprašanje uporabe postopka dodelitve.
In the case of PPPs that are characterised as public contracts the main issue is the question of the award procedure.
S konkurenčnim dialogom je bil razen znanih postopkov, ki vključujejo odprti in zaprti postopek ter postopek s pogajanji za oddajo javnih naročil nad pragovno vrednostjo, določen nov postopek dodelitve.
With the competitive dialogue a new award procedure has appeared on the scene to join the familiar public, restricted and negotiated procedures for procurement above the threshold values.
Postopek združuje elemente postopka javnih razpisov in elemente postopka s pogajanji.
This procedure combines elements of the tender procedure with those of the negotiated procedure.
Ta postopek je subsidiaren odprtim in zaprtim postopkom, hkrati pa ima prednost pred postopkom s pogajanji.
Unlike the public and restricted procedures it is not an expression of subsidiarity but takes precedence over the negotiated procedure.
Države članice lahko predvidijo oddajo javnih naročil v konkurenčnem dialogu pri posebno zapletenih naročilih.
Member States can use the competitive procedure for the award of contracts in particularly complex cases.
Težave povzroča natančnejša opredelitev pojma posebne zapletenosti.
Difficulties arise over what precisely is meant by ‘particularly complex’ contracts.
Ta mora biti zagotovljena, kadar naročnik
The definition should apply when the public contractor
- ne more objektivno navesti tehničnih sredstev, s katerimi lahko uresniči svoje potrebe in cilje in/ali
- is objectively unable to specify the technical means with which their needs and objectives can be fulfilled and / or
- ne more objektivno navesti pravnih in/ali finančnih pogojev projekta.
- is objectively unable to specify the legal and / or financial conditions of a project.
Ob tem se postavlja vprašanje, ali so projekti javno-zasebnih partnerstev vedno posebej zapleteni.
This poses the question of whether particular complexity is a feature of PPP projects as a general rule.
V zvezi s tem je treba omeniti, da so pogosto posebno zapleteni, vendar to ni vedno nujno.
Here it should be said that such projects are indeed often particularly complex but need not always be so.
Zato se je treba odločati za vsak primer posebej.
Rather must each case be decided on its merits.