natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Večina prihaja iz vod držav v razvoju, ki so prerevne, da bi učinkovito spremljale ribolovne dejavnosti v svojih vodah in preprečevale nelegalen ribolov, posledica tega pa je izguba za obalno prebivalstvo in njihove težave, saj sta njihovo preživetje in varnost preskrbe s hrano odvisna od rib.
Much of this comes from the waters of developing countries, which are too poor to be able to effectively monitor fishing activities in their waters and prevent illegal fishing, resulting in loss and hardship for their coastal populations, who depend on fish for their livelihoods and food security.
Gre pa tudi za neposredno izgubo pri zakonitih subjektih ribištva.
It is also a direct loss to legitimate fishing operators.
Mednarodni ukrepi proti nezakonitemu ribolovu
International Action Against IUU Fishing
Mednarodna skupnost, ki jo je k temu spodbudilo nekaj posameznih držav, je okrepila svojo kampanjo proti tako imenovanemu nezakonitemu, neprijavljenemu in zakonsko neurejenemu ribolovu (ki ga v tem poročilu na kratko imenujemo nezakonit ribolov, op. prev.).
The international community, pushed by a few individual countries, has intensified its campaign against what has come to be known as IUU fishing (Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported).
Sprva je kampanja potekala v regionalnih organizacijah za upravljanje ribištva, kot so NAFO, ICCAT ali CCAMLR
At first, this was done in the context of regional fisheries management organizations, such as NAFO, ICCAT or CCAMLR
To so: Organizacija za ribištvo severozahodnega Atlantika, Mednarodna komisija za ohranitev atlantskega tuna, Komisija za ohranjanje živih morskih virov na Antarktiki. .
respectively, the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization; International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas; Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. .
Vendar so ribe mobilne, kot so mobilne tudi flote, ki jih zasledujejo, in denar, s katerim se te flote financirajo.
Fish, however, are mobile, as are the fleets that pursue them and the money that finances the fleets.
Zato so bili na svetovni ravni sprejeti instrumenti, ki so ribiškim plovilom do neke mere otežili nezakonit ribolov, med katerimi sta tudi sporazum organizacije FAO o usklajevanju in sporazum ZN o staležih rib.
Consequently, global instruments have been adopted to set certain limits on the ease with which fishing vessels can engage in IUU fishing, including the FAO Compliance Agreement and the UN Fish Stocks Agreement.
Nedavno, leta 2002, pa je organizacija FAO sprejela mednarodni akcijski načrt o nezakonitem, neprijavljenem in zakonsko neurejenem ribolovu
More recently, in 2002, the FAO adopted an International Action Plan on IUU Fishing
International Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing. na razpolago na
International Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing. available at
http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/y1224e/y1224e00.HTM . , v katerem so tudi opredelitve vseh teh vrst ribolova.
http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/y1224e/y1224e00.HTM . which included definitions of each of illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing.
KOM (2002)0180. in sklepih Sveta z dne 11. junija 2002, sprejela junija 2002.
COM(2002)0180 . and Council Conclusions of 11 June 2002.
Akcijski načrt organizacije FAO poziva države, naj štiri leta po sprejetju preverijo izvajanje nacionalnih načrtov, za EU je to torej leto 2006.
The FAO Plan calls for countries to review the implementation of their national plans four years after their adoption, ie in 2006 for the EU.
To je poročevalko spodbudilo, da je predlagala poročilo o nezakonitem ribolovu, v katerem bi preverili kakšen je napredek, ki je (ali ni) bil dosežen pri izvajanju akcijskega načrta EU.
It is this that has prompted your rapporteur to propose a report on IUU fishing, to review progress made (or not made) in implementing the EU's Action Plan.
Različni vidiki nezakonitega ribolova
Varied Aspects of IUU Fishing
Akcijski načrt organizacije FAO poudarja, da k nezakonitemu ribolovu prispeva veliko različnih vrst dejavnosti, in ugotavlja, da imajo pri nadzoru teh različnih dejavnosti nacionalne vlade različne pristojnosti kot država zastave, država dobička iz premoženja, država pristanišča in država trga.
The FAO Action Plan emphasizes the many different types of activities that can contribute to IUU fishing and notes the various responsibilities of national governments to control these various activities, as flag State, State of beneficial ownership, port State and market State .
Država zastave: Po mednarodnem pravu je država zastave (država, pod katere zastavo pluje ribiško plovilo) odgovorna za preverjanje, ali plovilo spoštuje predpise, vključno z ukrepi za upravljanje ribištva, delovnimi pogoji, zdravstvenimi standardi itd.
Flag State: Under international law, the flag State (country whose flag the fishing vessel flies) is responsible for verifying that the vessel abides by the rules, including fisheries management measures, working conditions, health standards, etc.
Številna ribiška plovila svojega ulova ne razkladajo na obali, temveč ga raje pretovorijo na tovorna plovila s hladilniki, ki ulov odpeljejo v pristanišče.
Many fishing vessels do not come to shore to offload their catch, preferring to transfer it to refrigerated cargo vessels (reefers) that take it to port.
Ta tovorna plovila s hladilniki lahko z mešanjem rib, pridobljenih od zakonitih in nezakonitih gospodarskih subjektov, služijo za "pranje" rib.
These reefers can be used to "launder" fish, by mixing together fish from legal and illegal operators.
Zato so pri teh tovornih plovilih s hladilniki države zastave enako pomembne kot pri ribiških plovilih.
So the flag States of these reefer vessels are just as important as the fishing vessels.
Z učinkovitim izvajanjem obstoječih pravilnikov EU bi se ta del nezakonitega ribolova zmanjšal, vendar je treba okrepiti tudi predpise.
The effective implementation of existing EU rules would serve to reduce this part of IUU fishing, but the regulations need to be strengthened as well.
Države dobička iz premoženja: Države, ki ne izpolnjujejo obveznosti kot države zastave, so znane kot "zastave ugodnosti".
State of beneficial ownership: States which do not fulfil their obligations as flag State are known as "Flags of Convenience".
Če je plovilo, ki pluje pod zastavo ugodnosti, v lasti lastnika plovil, ki ima sedež v državi članici, potem je ta znana kot država dobička iz premoženja.
If a vessel flying a flag of convenience is owned by a ship-owner based in a Member State, then it is known as the State of beneficial ownership.
V poročilu Patricie McKenna
The McKenna report
Poročilo Patricie McKenna iz leta 2001 je natančno opisalo vpliv zastav ugodnosti in vpletenost EU.
The McKenna report of 2001 described in detail the impact of flags of convenience and EU involvement.
A5-0405/2001 . je bilo ugotovljeno, da družbe iz EU zelo pogosto uporabljajo zastave ugodnosti in so na ta način neposredno vpletene v nezakonit ribolov.
A5-0405/2001 . found that EU companies made widespread use of flags of convenience, and were thus intimately involved in IUU fishing.
Država pristanišča: Da bi dosegle trg, morajo vse ribe priti do pristanišča, zato je vloga države pristanišča, v katerem so ribe iztovorjene, izjemno pomembna.
Port State : All fish has to come to port in order to reach the market, and so the port State where the fish is landed has a vital role to play.
Da bi nezakonitemu ribolovu preprečili vstop na trg, so potrebni strogi inšpekcijski pregledi in nadzor pristanišč.
Rigorous port inspections and controls are needed to prevent IUU fish from entering the market.
Obstajajo "pristanišča ugodnosti", znana po tem, da ob prihodu rib iz nezakonitega ribolova zamižijo na eno oko, in ta pristanišča so tako v EU kot drugod.
There are "ports of convenience" that are known to turn a blind eye to the arrival of IUU fish, and they exist in both the EU and elsewhere.
V EU najbolj znano, ne pa edino, je Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, na Kanarskih otokih.
The most well-known one, but not the only one, in the EU is Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, in the Canary Islands.
Država trga: Da bi ribe prišle iz pristanišča, v katerem so bile iztovorjene, do cilja, potrošnika, je potrebno sodelovanje veliko akterjev, vključno s pomorskimi agenti, transportnimi delavci in prodajalnami na drobno ali restavracijami.
Market State : Getting the fish from the port where it is landed to the final destination, the consumer requires the participation of many different players, including shipping agents, transport workers and retail stores or restaurants.
Za številnimi izmed naštetih stojijo banke, ki poskrbijo za potreben kapital (tako lastnikov plovil kot gospodarskih subjektov, kar je treba omeniti).
Behind many of these are the banks, who supply the needed capital (to vessel owners and operators as well, it should be noted).
Pregled njihovih dejavnosti je ravno tako nujen kot inšpekcijski pregled pristanišča, da bi nezakonitim ribam preprečili vzpon po proizvodni verigi.
Inspection of their activities is just as essential as inspections in port, to prevent illegal fish from working its way along the chain of custody.
Zapletenost nezakonitega ribolova in potrebo po usklajenem mednarodnem sodelovanju lahko najbolje prikažemo z nekaj primeri.
The complexities of IUU fishing and the need for concerted international cooperation can best be illustrated using a few examples.
Tun spada med vrste z največjo tržno vrednostjo na svetu, zlasti kadar je namenjen japonskemu trgu sašimija.
Bluefin tuna is among the most commercially valuable species in the world, especially when destined for the Japanese sashimi market.
Zato je neizogibno zelo izkoriščen in izlovljen.
Inevitably, it is heavily exploited and depleted.
Lahko ga štejemo za klasično vrsto v nezakonitem ribolovu, saj je pritegnil večino ribolovnega napora, izvajanega ob neupoštevanju pravilnikov ICCAT, organizacije, odgovorne za upravljanje tega ribolova.
It could be considered a classic IUU species, as it attracted much fishing effort that operated outside the regulations of ICCAT, the organisation responsible for managing this fishery.
Leta 1996 je ICCAT naredila drzen korak, ko se je strinjala s prepovedjo uvoza tuna iz dveh držav, katerih plovila so tuna lovila ob neupoštevanju predpisov ICCAT, to sta Honduras in Belize (leto kasneje je dodala še Panamo).
In 1996 ICCAT took an audacious step by agreeing to ban imports of bluefin from two countries whose vessels were catching bluefin outside the ICCAT rules - Honduras and Belize (a year later Panama was added).
Te prepovedi uvoza (sledile so jim še prepovedi za mečarico in veleokega tuna) pa so dosegle le začasne rezultate, sledila je serija hitrih menjav zastav, ko so plovila izpod zastav, za katere je veljala prepoved uvoza, prešla pod zastave brez take prepovedi.
The result of these import bans (others followed for swordfish and bigeye tuna) was temporary, though, and were followed by a series of flag-hopping, as vessels transferred from flags that were subject to import bans to those that were not.
Nekatere izmed sankcioniranih držav so se pridružile ICCAT in s postopki v okviru ICCAT so številna od prej omenjenih plovil črtali s "črnega seznama"; kasneje so se številna pojavila na "belem seznamu" plovil z dovoljenjem za ribolov.
Some of the sanctioned countries joined ICCAT, and the procedures within ICCAT led to many of these vessels being removed from the "black list"; later, many of them appeared on a "white list" of vessels authorised to fish.
Sankcije so bile preklicane, ne da bi od držav zastave zahtevali dokaze, da njihova plovila opravljajo dejavnost v skladu s predpisi ICCAT.
The sanctions were lifted, without any requirement for the flag States to demonstrate that the vessels were operating according to ICCAT rules.
Danes je "črni seznam" tako kratek, da ga skoraj ni več, prepoved uvoza velja le še za dve državi (Gruzijo in Bolivijo).
Today, the "black list" has shrunk to almost nothing, and only two countries are subject to an import ban (Georgia and Bolivia).
Vendar to ne pomeni, da vsa plovila opravljajo dejavnost v okviru zakonov.
That does not mean that all vessels are operating within the law.
Širjenje je bilo skoraj popolnoma neregulirano, tudi v EU (za podporo ribištvu so bili uporabljeni strukturni skladi), in je vodilo v pretiran prelov.
About the same time, tuna fattening cages began to spread throughout the Mediterranean, with the tuna destined for the Japanese market.
Uradna statistika za leto 2005 na primer kaže, da je Francija presegla kvoto za več kot 50 %, prav tako je svojo kvoto presegla Italija.
This expansion was virtually unregulated, including in the EU (structural funds were used to support the fishery) and led to much over-fishing; for instance, in 2005, official statistics show that France exceeded its quota by over 50%; Italy has also exceeded its quota.
Ta celotni dovoljeni ulov je bil v ICCAT sprejet leta 2000 pod pritiskom EU v nasprotju z nasveti strokovnjakov.
That TAC had been adopted in ICCAT in 2000 with pressure from the EU, against the advice of scientists.
Komisija za ohranitev južnega tuna. .
Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna. .
Skratka, poskus ICCAT, da bi uredila ribolov tuna in ohranila ribištvo, je klavrno propadel, ker so pogodbenice zagovarjale interese svojih nacionalnih ribištev in niso vzdrževale političnega, gospodarskega in pravnega pritiska ter sodelovanja, potrebnega za nadzor nezakonitega ribolova.
In short, ICCAT has failed miserably to regulate fishing for bluefin and conserve the fishery, since the Contracting Parties defended the interests of their national fisheries and did not sustain the political, economic and legal pressure and cooperation necessary to control IUU fishing.
V zahodni Afriki veliko držav ne more učinkovito nadzorovati ribolova v svojih vodah zaradi pomanjkljivih logističnih in gospodarskih virov, nezadostnega regionalnega sodelovanja ali v nekaterih primerih zaradi pomanjkanja politične volje njihovih vlad.
In West Africa , many countries are unable to effectively control fishing in their waters, due to a lack of logistical and economic resources, insufficient regional cooperation or, in some cases, a lack of political will on the part of the government.
Zato je postal nezakonit ribolov na nekaterih območjih nekaj običajnega, ribji staleži pa posledično izlovljeni, kar povzroča velike težave obalnim skupnostim, katerih varnost preskrbe s hrano in preživetje sta odvisna od ribolova, da ne omenjamo deviznih sredstev, ki jih lahko priskrbijo obilni ribolovni viri.
As a result, IUU fishing has become commonplace in certain areas, depleting fish stocks, causing much hardship for the coastal communities that depend on fishing for their food security and their livelihoods, not to mention the foreign exchange that abundant fish resources can provide.
Las Palmas je pomembno pristanišče za razkladanje veliko rib iz zahodne Afrike, namenjenih bodisi trgu EU ali tranzitu na druge trge.
Las Palmas is an important port for the offloading of much fish from West Africa, destined either for the EU market or in transit to other markets.
Pomanjkanje učinkovitega in ustreznega nadzora pri iztovoru rib v pristanišču Las Palmas je dobro dokumentirano.
The lack of effective and proper controls on the landing of fish in Las Palmas has been widely documented.
Poročevalka je Las Palmas obiskala v fazi raziskav za to poročilo in videla, da so se ribe razkladale s tovornih plovil s hladilniki, katerih izvor je bil, milo rečeno, nejasen.
Your rapporteur visited Las Palmas during the research phase of this report and saw fish being offloaded from a reefer whose origin was, to say the least, not clear.
Če ni jasen izvor rib, njihove zakonitosti ni mogoče z gotovostjo preveriti.
If the origin of the fish is not clear, its legality cannot be verified with certainty.
Pri trski v Barentsovem morju je očitno, da pristanišča ugodnosti obstajajo tudi v severni Evropi.
Cod from the Barents Sea demonstrates that ports of convenience also exist in northern Europe.
To je eden največjih preostalih svetovnih staležev trske, s katerim se oskrbuje tudi dobršen del trga EU.
This is one of the world's largest remaining cod stocks and it supplies a good part of the EU market.
V tem letu se je pokazalo, da veliko trske v EU izvira s plovil z nezakonitim ribolovom, ki pristajajo v pristaniščih severne Evrope (na primer "Rostok 5").
Earlier this year, much cod coming into the EU was found to originate from IUU vessels landing in ports in northern Europe (for example, the "Rostok 5").
Komisija za ribištvo severovzhodnega Atlantika (NEAFC). se je odzval z oblikovanjem "črnih seznamov" plovil, ki jim sploh ni dovoljeno vplutje v pristanišča pogodbenic.
North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission. has responded by establishing "black lists" of vessels that are not even allowed into the ports of the Contracting Parties.
Podobni problemi obstajajo pri trski v Baltskem morju, vendar so tam plovila EU tista, ki so odgovorna za večino nezakonitega ribolova in prekoračitev kvot.
Similar problems exist for Baltic Sea cod, except that it is EU vessels which are the ones responsible for much illegal, over-quota fishing.
Vloge države zastave, države pristanišča in države trga so očitno povezane ter jih je treba upoštevati, če naj se uvede nadzor nad nezakonitim ribolovom.
The roles of flag State, port State and market State are clearly interconnected and must all be involved if IUU fishing is to brought under control.
Akcijski načrtu EU proti nezakonitemu, neprijavljenemu in zakonsko neurejenemu ribolovu iz leta 2002
EU IUU Action Plan of 2002
Ne glede na merila je EU eden glavnih svetovnih ribiških subjektov:
The EU is, by any criteria, one of the world's foremost fishing entities:
· je tretja največja ribolovna skupnost za Kitajsko in Perujem,
· third largest catcher of fish after China and Peru,
· ima eno največjih svetovnih flot,
· one of the world's largest fleets,
· je pomemben uporabnik zastav ugodnosti ter
· important user of flags of convenience, and
· ima največji svetovni ribji trg.
· world's largest market for fish.
Evropska unija ima tako odgovornost, da na vseh teh področjih ukrepa proti nezakonitemu ribolovu ter da brezvestnim upravljavcem onemogoči okoriščanje z dejavnostmi nezakonitega ribolova kjerkoli v verigi.
The EU thus has a responsibility to act on all of these fronts to prevent IUU fishing, and to prevent unscrupulous operators at any point in the chain from profiting from IUU activities.
Prelahko je reči, da "EU ni najslabša" ali da "EU ne more ukrepati sama".
It is too easy to say that "the EU is not the worst" or that "the EU cannot act alone".
Glede na politični in gospodarski pomen EU ter njeno vplivnost je EU moralno obvezana, da stoji v prvi bojni vrsti za izkoreninjenje nezakonitega ribolova.
Given the political and economic importance of the EU and the global reach of its influence, the EU has a moral obligation to be at the forefront of the battle to eliminate IUU fishing.
Poleg tega ima EU zaradi okoljske, družbene in gospodarske grožnje, ki jo predstavlja nezakonit ribolov, tudi povsem pragmatično odgovornost za nadaljnji obstoj ribjih staležev in ribištev, odvisnih od njih.
Further, the threat that IUU fishing constitutes, ecologically, socially and economically, means that the EU has a very pragmatic responsibility as well, if fish stocks and the fisheries dependent on them are to continue to exist.
Skupnost je dolžna spodbujati precej bolj trajnosten razvojni model od tega, ki sedaj prevladuje v mednarodnem merilu.
The Community has a duty to promote a far more sustainable model of development than the one that currently dominates internationally.
Ko je leta 2002 Komisija predlagala akcijski načrt, je Svet
As soon as the Commission proposed the EU action plan in 2002, the Council
· pozval Komisijo, naj v organizacijah RRUO prevzame pobudo v boju proti takemu ribolovu ter
· called on the Commission to take the lead at RFMOs in combating such fishing, and
· pozval Komisijo, naj uveljavi pobude iz načrta, ki so v pristojnosti Skupnosti.
· urged the Commission to put into force the initiatives foreseen by the plan which fall within Community competence.
V sprejetem načrtu je bilo navedenih več točk, razvrščenih glede na to, ali se jih uresničuje na ravni Skupnosti, regionalni ali mednarodni ravni ali v partnerstvu z državami v razvoju.
The plan, as adopted, included several points, arranged according to whether they were to be taken at Community level, regional level, international level, or in partnership with developing countries.
Raven Skupnosti: EU naj izvaja štiri ukrepe, za katere ni potreben dogovor z drugimi državami ali organizacijami.
Community Level: four actions were to be implemented by the EU without the need to seek agreement from other countries or organisations.
Določitev odgovornosti držav članic, da svojim državljanom preprečijo nezakonit ribolov.
Define the responsibility of Member States to prevent their nationals from engaging in IUU fishing.
Osnovna uredba iz leta 2002
The Basic Regulation of 2002
Uredba Sveta 2371/2002. vključuje člen, po katerem morajo države članice ukrepati proti svojim državljanom (ali podjetjem), ki kršijo skupno ribiško politiko.
Council Regulation 2371/2002. includes an article requiring Member States to take measures against their nationals (or companies) that infringe the CFP.
Vendar Komisija sodi, da države članice ne uporabljajo te določbe.
However, according to the Commission, the Member States have not utilised this provision.
==> Treba je še naprej ukrepati.
==> further action required
Sprejetje predpisov za prepoved trgovine z ribami iz nezakonitega ribolova.
Adopt rules to ban trade in IUU-caught fish.
EU prenaša odločitve organizacij RRUO o prepovedi trgovine z določenimi ribami ali o izvajanju različnih sistemov ribolovne dokumentacije.
The EU transposes decisions by RFMOs to ban certain fish from trade or to implement various catch documentation schemes.
Storiti pa je mogoče še veliko več, vendar morajo biti države članice proaktivnejše.
However, much more could be done, although it is the Member States which must be more proactive.
==> Države članice morajo ukrepati še naprej.
==> further action required by Member States
Sprejetje predpisov, v katerih je trgovina z ribami iz nezakonitega ribolova opredeljena kot kršitev; objava seznamov organizacij RRUO s plovili, ki se ukvarjajo z nezakonitim ribolovom, in njihovih lastnikov.
Adopt rules to make trade in IUU-caught fish an infringement; publish lists of IUU vessels designated by RFMOs, and their owners.
Pri prvem delu ni napredka.
No progress on the first part.
V uradnem listu je objavljen samo seznam NEAFC.
Only the IUU list from NEAFC is published in the OJ.
==> Potrebnih je precej več ukrepov.
==> much further action required
Izvedba kampanj za ozaveščenost javnosti o nezakonitem ribolovu.
Organize a public awareness campaign on IUU fishing.
Komisija izpostavlja nevarnosti nezakonitega ribolova, vendar se splošna javnost še vedno ne zaveda dovolj obsega problema niti vpletenosti EU v nekaterih primerih.
The Commission highlights the dangers of IUU fishing but the general public is still not sufficiently aware of the scope of the problem, nor of the EU's involvement in some cases.
==> Bolj morajo ukrepati vlade, industrija, nevladne organizacije itd.
==> more action required by government, industry, NGOs, etc
Raven organizacij RRUO: EU si je prizadevala, da bi organizacije RRUO sprejele 6 ukrepov.
Level of RFMOs: the EU was to try to get six actions adopted at RFMOs.
Spodbujanje natančnih načrtov za nadzor in inšpekcijske preglede za organizacije RRUO.
Promote detailed control and inspection plans for RFMOs.
Nekatere imajo precej dobre načrte (npr.
This has had varied success, depending on the RFMO.
NEAFC za inšpekcijske preglede pristanišč), druge pa nimajo dobesedno ničesar.
Some have quite good plans (eg NEAFC for port inspections) while others have virtually nothing.
Komisija trdi, da dela, kolikor more.
The Commission claims to be doing as much as it can.
==> Komisija, države članice in drugi morajo delati dolgoročno in trajnostno.
==> long term, sustained work needed by Commission, Member States, others