natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
R. ker lahko vseživljenjsko učenje prispeva k razvoju znanja na področju inovativnosti in ker spodbujanje informacijske družbe omogoča boj proti zapostavljenosti na trgu delovne sile,
R. whereas lifelong learning can contribute to the development of knowledge about innovation and promoting the information society helps to combat marginalisation on the job market,
S. ker je oblikovanje evropskih kakovostnih standardov in predpisov v zgodnji razvojni fazi proizvodov in storitev nove generacije lahko navdih za inovacije,
S. whereas establishing European quality standards and rules concerning the early phase of development of new-generation products and services could inspire innovation,
T. ker mora sedmi okvirni program spodbujati oblikovanje večjega in okrepljenega evropskega raziskovalnega prostora, usmerjenega na točno določene specifične cilje,
T. whereas the Seventh Framework Programme should facilitate the establishment of a stronger and more extensive European research area, focused on specific tasks,
U. ker ima opredelitev inovacij v „priročniku Oslo“ OECD široko razlago in postaja standard v evropskih institucijah,
U. whereas the definition of innovation in the OECD’s ‘Oslo Manual’ has received a broad interpretation and is becoming the standard in the European institutions,
4. poziva države članice, naj ponovno oživijo evropska podjetja in njihov inovacijski potencial tako, da zmanjšajo birokracijo ter s tem izboljšajo kakovost ureditve in hkrati zmanjšajo upravno breme; je trdno prepričan, da bo boljša ureditev, zlasti zmanjšanje nepotrebnih regulativnih bremen za mala in srednje velika podjetja, omogočila ugodne tržne pogoje in pomagala dati na vodilne trge nove inovativne proizvode in storitve ter povečala tudi zaupanje potrošnikov;
Urges the Member States to revitalise European businesses and their potential to innovate by cutting red tape, thereby improving the quality of regulation whilst reducing the administrative burden; is of the firm opinion that better regulation, in particular lightening the unnecessary regulatory burdens on SMEs, will encourage favourable market conditions and help place new innovative products and services on lead markets, and that it will also increase consumer trust and confidence;
7. priporoča Komisiji in državam članicam, naj ocenijo vzpostavitev pravega evropskega sistema nadaljnjega izobraževanja, ki bi pomagal oblikovati trdnejši evropski trg dela;
Recommends that the Commission and the Member States evaluate the creation of a truly European system of further education, which would help to build a stronger European labour market;
9. predlaga, da se vzpostavi tehnološka in znanstvena infrastruktura, potrebna za nastajanje inovativnih rešitev v že obstoječih terciarnih izobraževalnih ustanovah, da bi se zagotovilo razvojne perspektive raziskovalnim središčem; opozarja na pomen financiranja visokokakovostne fizične in tehnološke infrastrukture za privabljanje naložb in olajšanje delovne mobilnosti;
Proposes the installation of the technological and scientific infrastructure needed for creating innovative solutions in existing tertiary educational establishments, so as to provide research centres with development prospects; recalls the importance of funding for high-quality physical and technological infrastructure in order to attract investment and facilitate labour mobility;
11. poziva države članice, naj preučijo in uvedejo davčne spodbude, ki bodo spodbujale podjetja, da vlagajo v raziskave, razvoj in inovacije, po potrebi pa naj pripravi strukturni pregled obstoječih mehanizmov in spodbud;
Invites the Member States to consider and implement tax incentives that encourage enterprises to invest more in research, development and innovation, including, if necessary, a structural review of existing mechanisms and incentives;
16. poziva Evropsko komisijo, naj spodbuja izmenjavo najboljših praks ter prepoznavanje in izmenjavo izkušenj, pridobljenih na podlagi neustreznih praks, zlasti za spodbujanje boljše ureditve skupnih tehnoloških pobud, ki temeljijo na specializiranih javno-zasebnih partnerstvih in bodo spodbujale razvoj inovacij tudi v manj razvitih regijah EU;
Calls on the Commission to promote exchanges of best practices and promote the identification and exchange of lessons learnt from improper practices, in order especially to promote the better regulation of joint technological initiatives based on specialised public-private partnerships, which would stimulate the development of innovation also in less-developed EU regions;
18. spremlja ustanovitev Evropskega raziskovalnega sveta ter poziva, naj bosta inovativnost in možnost za dejansko izvajanje izbranih projektov pomembni merili pri izbiri raziskovalnih tem;
Takes notes of the setting up of the European Research Council and calls for innovation and the scope for practical implementation of chosen projects to be important criteria when selecting research topics;
23. poziva države članice ter regionalne in lokalne skupnosti, naj v okviru programa za konkurenčnost in inovacije sprejmejo inovativne rešitve, prijazne do okolja, ter opozarja, da obstaja možnost, da se finančno pomoč, kot v primeru programa Jeremie, uporabi za mala in srednja podjetja; spodbuja Komisijo, države članice in regionalne oblasti, naj uporabijo obnovljive vire finančne podpore za raziskave, usmerjene v inovacije, kot je sistem „bonov za inovacije“; spodbuja odgovorne akterje na regionalni ravni, naj s sredstvi iz strukturnih skladov financirajo tudi poskusne in zato tvegane ukrepe;
Invites Member States and the regional and local communities to adopt innovative, environmentally-friendly solutions under the Competitiveness and Innovation Programme and also draws attention to the option of using financial aid for SMEs, such as in the Jeremie Programme; encourages the Commission, Member States and regional authorities to make use of renewable sources of financial support for innovation-oriented research such as the ‘innovation voucher’ system; encourages the relevant actors at regional level to include experimental and therefore risky measures in funding from the Structural Funds;
Komisijo poziva, naj ovrednoti rezultate kakovostne, količinske in finančne ocene projektov in akcij na način, ki vodi k postopnemu izboljšanju učinkovitosti prihodnjih akcij;
Asks the Commission to evaluate the results obtained by assessing the quality, quantity and financial aspects of projects and actions in a manner conducive to improving, over a period of time, the efficiency of future actions;
29. posebej opozarja na težave, ki jih imajo manj razvite regije pri pridobivanju zasebnih kapitalskih naložb, ter poziva države članice in akterje na lokalni in regionalni ravni, naj bolje izkoristijo možnosti posojil EIB ter naj krepijo javno-zasebna partnerstva na področju inovativnih dejavnosti, s posebnim poudarkom na najboljši praksi in učinkoviti porabi javnih sredstev;
Draws attention to the difficulties that less developed regions encounter in obtaining private investment capital, and calls on the Member States as well as actors at the local and regional levels to make greater use of EIB borrowing facilities and to promote and strengthen public-private partnerships in the area of innovation activities, having special regard to best practises and value for public money;
36. poziva Svet in Komisijo, naj izboljšata pravne standarde, ki so povezani z gospodarskimi vidiki raziskav in inovacij, da zagotovita boljše varstvo pri širjenju postopkov, tehnik ali odkritij v okviru mednarodne odprtosti;
Calls on the Council and the Commission to improve legal standards linked to the economic aspects of research and innovation so as to provide better protection in the diffusion of processes, techniques or discoveries in a context of international openness;
45. poziva Komisijo, naj v sodelovanju z evropskimi organizacijami za standardizacijo pospeši evropsko standardizacijo in učinkovito uporablja standarde, ki že obstajajo;
Calls on the Commission, in cooperation with the European standardisation organisations, to increase the pace of European standardisation and make effective use of standards that already exist;
48. poziva Komisijo, naj ne spodbuja le sprejetja, ampak tudi uporabo evropskih standardov, zlasti tako, da jih na enostaven način sporoča malim in srednje velikim podjetjem; meni, da morata biti priročnik in obrazložitev postopkov na voljo v vseh uradnih jezikih EU;
Calls on the Commission to encourage not only the adoption but also the application of European standards, in particular by communicating them to SMEs in a simple manner; considers that handbooks and explanatory procedures should be available in all official languages of the EU;
54. poziva Komisijo, naj spremlja inovacijske postopke v regijah in razvije skupne kazalce inovativnosti za celotno EU, ki bodo bolje pokazali prizadevanje držav članic in regij za inovativnost;
Calls on the Commission to monitor the innovation processes in the regions and to develop common innovation indicators across the EU that will better demonstrate the eagerness of the Member States and regions to innovate;
59. meni, da je treba inovacijske dejavnosti bolj podpreti z informacijskimi kampanjami, ter poudarja potrebo po izmenjavi informacij iz zaključenih projektov; hkrati priporoča pridobivanje novih spoznanj iz nepravilnih postopkov pri neuspešnih projektih ter opozarjanje na podobne napake v drugih regijah EU;
Considers that innovation activities should be better supported through information campaigns and emphasises the need to share information obtained from completed projects; at the same time recommends that lessons be learnt from incorrect procedures in unsuccessful projects and that warnings be given against similar mistakes in other regions of the EU;
Evropa je zahvaljujoč univerzitetnim raziskavam, raziskovalnim središčem in nacionalnim inštitutom, nacionalnim raziskovalnim akademijam in razvojnim organom razvila obsežno strokovno znanje na različnih znanstvenih področjih.
Europe has built up substantial specialist knowledge in various scientific fields thanks to research conducted by universities, research centres and national institutes, national science academies and Union research and development bodies.
Nacionalni patentni uradi in novejši Evropski patentni urad predstavljajo pomemben vir znanja.
National patent offices represent an important source of knowledge, as does, more recently, the European Patent Office (EPO).
Vseeno pa ne obstaja enostaven način za prenos tega znanja v gospodarsko prakso, kjer bi ga lahko učinkovito uporabili.
However, there is no simple way of translating this knowledge into economic practice in order to make effective use of it.
Paradoks stanja v Evropi je, da imamo visoko razvita središča za razvoj znanja – središča odličnosti, vendar z malo gospodarskega zagona, da bi to znanje uporabili kot osnovo za razvoj inovativnih dejavnosti.
The paradox of the situation in Europe is that we have highly developed centres for the development of knowledge - centres of excellence, but with little economic impetus to use that knowledge as a basis for developing innovative activities.
Cilj pripravljenega dokumenta je doseganje lizbonske strategije in priprava osnov za evropsko inovacijsko politiko z navedbo jasnih smernic in sprejetjem instrumentov za doseganje ciljev, ki bodo olajšali:
The aim of the document that has been drawn up is to realise the Lisbon Strategy and lay the foundations for European innovation policy, by spelling out clearly its objectives and adopting instruments to achieve those goals which will facilitate:
– osredotočanje na raziskovalna področja, ki so usmerjena v sedanje in prihodnje gospodarske potrebe EU;
- tackling research areas geared to current and future social and economic needs of the EU;
– prenos naprednega znanja iz raziskovalnih središč v gospodarske enote;
- transfer of advanced knowledge developed by research centres to economic units;
– praktično uporabo inovativnih rešitev na gospodarskem in socialnem področju.
- practical application of innovative solutions to economic and social spheres.
Opredelitev inovacij
Defining innovation
Inovacije je treba razumeti kot inovativne rešitve problemov, ki nastanejo pri izdelavi ali uporabi blaga ali pri izvajanju storitev.
Innovation should be taken to mean innovative solutions to problems arising in the manufacture or use of goods or the provision of services.
Cilj inovacij je racionalizacija proizvodnje blaga, izvajanje storitev in uporaba tržnih proizvodov na način, ki bo varčeval z energijo, surovinami in delovnim časom, kot tudi ščitil okolje in izboljšal kvaliteto storitev.
The goal of innovation is to rationalise the manufacture of goods, the provision of services and the use of market products, in a way that will result in savings in energy, materials and working time, as well as protecting the environment and improving the quality of services.
Uporabnik in pobudnik inovacij je vedno posameznik.
The beneficiary and instigator of innovation is always the individual.
Pogosto se zgodi, da za določen problem še niso našli praktične rešitve ali pa rešitev že obstaja, vendar nov problem zahteva pregled, modernizacijo ali spremembo te rešitve.
It is often the case that a practical solution has not yet been found to a problem or it may also be that a solution already exists but the new problem entails a revision, modernisation or modification of that solution.
Inovacije zadevajo torej proizvode, postopke ali storitve.
Innovation applies to products, processes and services.
Cilj inovativnih dejavnosti je v interesu uporabnikov (tržni vidik), razvoja konkurence (gospodarski vidik), preprečevanja škodljivih posledic za okolje (okoljski vidik) ali izboljšanja življenjskih in delovnih pogojev (družbeni vidik) Na žalost pa obstajajo tudi le navidezne inovacije določenih izdelkov, ki večinoma zadevajo le spremembe v embalaži, ki jih spremlja zavajajoče oglaševanje.
The goal of innovation activities may be the interests of beneficiaries (marketing aspect), developing competitiveness (economic aspect), eliminating adverse effects on the environment (environmental aspect) or improving quality of life and working conditions (social aspect).
Te lažne inovacije, ki škodujejo družbi, je nujno treba odpraviti.
Unfortunately, there are also 'artificial innovations' relating to certain products, which mostly involve just changing the packaging and a misleading advertising campaign.
Inovacija je postopek, ki zajema uvedbo nove inovativne rešitve ali izboljšavo že obstoječih s prilagoditvijo na nova področja človeške aktivnosti.
Innovation is a process which involves introducing new innovative solutions or refining existing ones by adapting them to new areas of human activity.
Če želimo, da je uspešna, je treba v celoti poznati dejavnike, ki spodbujajo inovativne dejavnosti.
If it is to succeed, it is vital to have a full knowledge of the factors that encourage innovation.
Treba si je zapomniti, da so rezultati inovacij ponavadi cenejše, učinkovitejše ali okolju prijaznejše dobrine ali proizvodne tehnike in bolje organizirane, kvalitetnejše in cenejše storitve.
It should be remembered that the results of innovation are usually cheaper, more effective or more environmentally-friendly goods or manufacturing techniques and better organised, higher quality and cheaper services.
Pomen teh dejavnosti je lahko različen, vendar je njihov namen ustvariti pogoje, ki naj inovacijskemu postopku povečajo možnosti za uspeh.
The influence of these activities may vary, yet they create the conditions to help ensure a greater probability of successful innovation.
Ključni dejavniki, ki spodbujajo inovacije, so:
The essential factors that will encourage innovation are:
(a) pravilno delujoč trg blaga in storitev,
(a) a properly functioning market in goods and services,
(b) visoka raven izobrazbe na vseh ravneh,
(b) high levels of education at all levels,
(c) napredne znanstvene raziskave – tako osnovne kot uporabne,
(c) advanced scientific research - both basic and applied,
(d) ureditev dejavnosti držav članic.
(d) regulation of Member States' activities.
V primeru EU pa je treba dodati še:
In the case of the EU the following also apply:
(e) učinek sinergij, ki so posledica širitve,
(e) effect of synergies resulting from enlargement,
(f) nova strategija za patente in licence,
(f) new patenting and licensing strategy,
(g) razvoj evropskega raziskovalnega prostora – sedmi okvirni program,
(g) development of the European research area - Seventh Framework Programme,
(h) ustanovitev Evropskega inštituta za tehnologijo,
(h) setting up of the European Institute of Technology,
(i) zakonodaja EU, ki določa pravila na področju okolja (t.j. direktiva REACH, direktiva o odpadkih in določbe na področju proizvodnje energije).
(i) EU legislation laying down rules governing the environment (e.g. the REACH directive, the directive on waste and the provisions governing the power industry).
Ukrepi za spodbujanje inovacij
Pro-innovation measures in detail
Postopek razvoja enotnega trga EU trenutno še poteka.
The process of developing the EU single market is currently under way.
Pravilno delujoč trg, ki upošteva vse štiri svobode, je najboljše zagotovilo za uspeh inovacijskih dejavnosti.
A properly functioning market, taking account of all four freedoms, is the best guarantee of success for innovation activities.
Trenutno trg zagotavlja:
At present the market provides for:
– prost pretok blaga;
- free movement of goods;
– prost pretok kapitala (trg finančnih storitev);
- free movement of capital (financial services market);
– trg komercialnih storitev je v razvoju, vendar je treba premagati upravne ovire, da lahko pride do popolne liberalizacije (direktiva o storitvah);
- the market in commercial services is being developed, but administrative barriers need to be overcome before it can be fully liberalised (services directive);
– omejitve na področju prostega pretoka delavcev se postopoma odpravljajo.
- restrictions on the free movement of workers are gradually being lifted.
Izobraževalni sistemi v vseh državah članicah EU se v okviru bolonjskega procesa postopoma standardizirajo (zlasti z uvedbo enotnega tristopenjskega izobraževalnega sistema na visokošolski ravni).
Education systems in all EU Member States are being standardised under the Bologna Strategy (e.g. introduction of a single, three-level, higher education system).
EU je zabeležila eno največjih rasti na svetu v številu visokošolskih diplomantov na 1000 prebivalcev.
The EU has recorded one of the highest increases in the world in the number of higher education graduates per 1000 inhabitants.
Na žalost pa smeri študijev niso povezane z največjimi tehnološkimi potrebami.
Unfortunately, the subjects studied by graduates are not in line with the most pressing technological needs.
Največ diplomantov je na področju družboslovnih ved in menedžerskih študijev, medtem ko nastajajo potrebe po diplomantih na novih smereh intedisciplinarne narave, ki so bolje pripravljeni na prilagajanje hitro spreminjajočim se zahtevam trga dela.
There is a preponderance of business studies graduates from humanities or management faculties, whereas the need is for new directions in interdisciplinary education, to produce graduates better equipped than at present to adapt to the swiftly changing requirements of the labour market.
Prav tako mora izobraževanje spodbujati inovativnost in vseživljenjsko učenje ne glede na starost.
There is also a need for education to encourage innovation and for lifelong learning, regardless of age.
Ključnega pomena za razvoj inovacij so izdatki za raziskave in razvoj znotraj okvirnih programov, skupaj s programi, razvitimi v sodelovanju z Evropsko investicijsko banko, znanimi pod imenom pobuda za rast .
Fundamental to the development of innovation is expenditure on research and development under the framework programmes, together with the programme being developed in cooperation with the European Investment Bank (EIB) known as the growth initiative .
Do leta 2010 naj bi izdatki za raziskave v EU zrasli na 2,6 % BDP, dve tretjini naj bi prispeval privatni sektor.
The intention is that by 2010 expenditure on research in the EU will increase to 2.6% of GDP, two thirds of which will come from the private sector.
Pretok idej se lahko izboljša z večjo mobilnostjo raziskovalcev znotraj Skupnosti, z vpeljavo enotnih predpisov na področju zaposlovanja, plač in socialnega zavarovanja.
Exchange of ideas could be improved through greater mobility for researchers within the Community, and through the introduction of standard rules on researchers’ employment, pay and social security.
Zaposlovati je treba tudi strokovnjake iz tretjih držav.
It is important to recruit experts from third countries.
Merila za ocenjevanje rezultatov mladih raziskovalcev, s katerimi se ugotavlja, če lahko napredujejo v raziskovalni karieri, še posebej pri uporabnih znanostih, bi morali upoštevati ne le število objavljenih člankov in del, temveč tudi dejavnost na področju patentov in uporabnih znanj.
The criteria for assessing the abilities of young researchers determining whether they should move up the ranks of a research career, particularly in the applied sciences, should take into account not only the number of publications and citations, but also activities in the field of patents and new development.
Pravno-ureditvena dejavnost
D. Regulatory activity
Evropska unija, države članice in regije morajo spodbujati inovacije s pomočjo:
The European Union, the Member States and the regions need to stimulate innovation by means of:
- davčnih olajšav (davčna zakonodaja je pod nacionalnim nadzorom), del stroškov amortizacije za gospodarske subjekte bi na primer lahko uporabili za ustanovitev inovacijskega sklada;
- use of tax incentives (tax law is under national control), for example, a proportion of depreciation allowances for economic agents could be used to set up an innovation fund;
– javnih razpisov za pripravo in izvedbo velikih projektov, denimo naložb na področje varstva okolja, obrambe in druga področja;
- competitive tendering for the preparation and realisation of major projects, e.g. investments in the environment, defence and other areas;
– oblikovanja znanstvenih in tehnoloških parkov z viri Unije (kohezijski sklad);
- creation of science and technology parks with Union resources (Cohesion Fund);
– uporabe javno-zasebnih partnerstev;
- use of public-private partnerships;
– kreditnih jamstev za podporo inovativnih poslovnih načrtov za razvoj oddeljenih podjetij (spin-off);
- credit guarantees to support innovative business plans to help develop spin-offs;
Izkoriščanje sinergij
E. Exploiting synergies
Pojav pozitivnih sinergij izhaja iz učinka obsega, kjer povečanje na trgu blaga ali storitev pomeni, da jih lahko proizvajamo v velikih količinah in zato ceneje.
The phenomenon of positive synergy derives in this case from effects of scale, where an increase in the market for goods or services means that goods can be produced in series on a larger scale and therefore more cheaply.
Sinergija bo še bolj pozitivno vplivala na inovacije, če bodo uvedena enotna skupna pravila in standardi kakovosti.
Synergy will have even more positive effects on innovation if uniform common rules and quality standards are introduced.
Nedvomno bi širitev lahko izkoristili, če bi bolje uporabili obstoječ potencial strokovnjakov s področja raziskav, gradbenih inženirjev in drugih strokovnjakov, ki so izgubili službo zaradi zaprtja ali zmanjšanja števila delovnih mest v raziskovalnih središčih in birojih za projektiranje v novih državah članicah v srednji in vzhodni Evropi.
One way of taking advantage of enlargement would be to make better use of existing potential in the form of the many highly trained researchers, designers and other specialists, who have lost their jobs as a result of closures or cutbacks in research institutes and design bureaux in the new EU Member States of Central and Eastern Europe.