natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
37. meni, da bi se zaradi odsotnosti pravnega okvira, določenega v pogodbi Euratom, ponovno nacionalizirala jedrska politika v Evropi, kar bi pomenilo nazadovanje pravnega reda Skupnosti ter povečalo nevarnost pravne negotovosti za vseh 27 držav članic;
Considers that the absence of the legal framework provided by the Euratom Treaty would lead to the renationalisation of nuclear policy in Europe, which would be a setback for the acquis communautaire, and would give rise to a risk of legal uncertainty for all the 27 Member States;
40. meni, da nadzor uporabe jedrske energije v Evropi glede na zelo specifične značilnosti tega energetskega vira zahteva ohranitev namenskega pravnega okvira, kot je pogodba Euratom, kjer se že 50 let izkazuje uporabnost vseh njenih določb; dodaja, da bi njena delna vključitev v hipotetično poglavje o energiji v Pogodbi o ES oslabila celoten pravni nadzor jedrske energije v Evropi in odpravila posebne postopke nadzora nad jedrsko energijo, ki jih zdaj vsebuje pogodba Euratom;
Considers that supervision of nuclear energy use in Europe, in view of the very specific characteristics of this energy source, requires the maintenance of a dedicated legal framework such as the Euratom Treaty, which for 50 years has demonstrated the usefulness of all its provisions; adds that its partial incorporation into a hypothetical chapter on ‘Energy’ in the EC Treaty would weaken the overall legal supervision of nuclear energy in Europe and remove the specific nuclear control procedures contained today in the Euratom Treaty;
44. meni, da se lahko te spremembe izvedejo na podlagi člena 203 pogodbe Euratom, ne da bi to hkrati pomenilo spremembe v strukturi in vsebini te pogodbe; poziva Svet, da preuči to možnost;
Considers that these changes could be made by means of Article 203 of the Euratom Treaty, without necessarily disrupting the Treaty’s general structure and content; calls on the Council to consider this opportunity;
48. poziva k uvedbi evropskega mehanizma za usklajevanje najboljših nacionalnih praks za zaščito delavcev in javnosti pred sevanjem, ki bi dopolnil usklajevanje v tem sektorju, doseženo s pogodbo Euratom;
Calls for a European coordination mechanism of best national practices to protect workers and the public from radiation so as to complement the harmonisation already achieved in this sector by the Euratom Treaty;
50. poziva Svet, naj ob upoštevanju cilja zanesljivosti oskrbe in ciljev za zmanjšanje emisij CO 2 opredeli usklajeno politiko, ki bi povsem v skladu z varnostnimi zahtevami spodbudila naložbe, namenjene podaljšanju življenjske dobe in izboljšanju delovanja obstoječih reaktorjev, ter tudi naložbe v nove zmogljivosti;
Invites the Council, bearing in mind the objective of security of supply and targets to reduce CO 2 emissions, to define a coordinated policy that would encourage investment, in full compliance with safety requirements, aimed at extending the life of and improving the performance of existing reactors, as well as investment in new capacities;
54. poziva k nadaljevanju intenzivnega mednarodnega sodelovanja, ki temelji na pogodbi Euratom, in poziva k stalni krepitvi sodelovanja z IAEA, da bi se preprečili podvojevanje ukrepov IAEA in Evropske skupnosti za atomsko energijo ter da bi zagotovili največjo stopnjo zaščite na področjih varstva pred sevanjem, jedrske vasrnsoti in neširjenja jedrskih snovi;
Calls for the continuance of intense international cooperation, for which the Euratom Treaty has prepared the ground, and calls for continued strengthening of cooperation with the IAEA, to avoid any redundancy in the respective actions of that agency and of the Euratom, and to secure the highest possible level of protection in the fields of radiological protection, nuclear safety and nuclear non-proliferation;
Po petdesetih letih izvajanja Pogodbe o ustanovitvi Evropske skupnosti za atomsko energijo (v nadaljevanju „Pogodba“), in medtem ko potekajo razmišljanja o opredelitvi evropske energetske politike, je poročevalec naprošen, da preuči, ali Pogodba zdaj ustreza trenutnim razmeram na področju jedrske energije v Evropski uniji in ali omogoča potrebna orodja za odziv na prihodnje energetske izzive.
After 50 years of application of the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (‘the Treaty’), and now that reflection is under way on defining a European energy policy, the rapporteur is called upon to consider whether the Treaty is today suited to the present situation of nuclear energy in the European Union and whether it provides the tools needed to meet the energy challenges of the future.
Na prvi pogled ima okvir Euratoma že zastarelo obliko, saj se njegova institucionalna struktura ni prilagajala razvoju Evropske unije.
At first sight the Euratom framework would seem to be outmoded in form, as its institutional organisation has not kept up with the evolving European Union.
Ker je bila prvotno zasnovana kot instrument „funkcionalnega vključevanja“, se lahko do neke mere zdi, da je zastarela tudi vsebina, saj so zastarele nekatere določbe ali pa se niso izvajale v skladu s prvotnim namenom Pogodbe.
Designed originally as an instrument for ‘operational integration’, it may to some extent seem equally outmoded in content, as some of its provisions have fallen into disuse or have not been applied in accordance with the Treaty’s original intentions.
Vendar poročevalec meni, da zaradi omejitev Pogodbe ni mogoče spregledati, da so nekatere določbe sedaj aktualne bolj kot kdaj koli prej in je bila zaradi njih sprejeta obsežna hčerinska zakonodaja.
But the rapporteur believes that the Treaty’s limitations should not hide the fact that some of its provisions are more relevant than ever, and have led to the adoption of an abundant body of derived regulation.
Vendar to ni „reklamna“ pogodba, ampak predpisi z omejitvami za delovanje jedrske industrije.
Far from being a ‘promotional’ treaty, it is a set of rules that constrains the operation of the nuclear industry.
Zato to poročilo preučuje, v kolikšni meri je Pogodba še vedno ustrezen pravni okvir za postritev predpisov na področjih, ki so še vedno zapostavljena, npr. sprejetje skupnih varnostnih standardov in ravnanje z radioaktivnimi odpadki, ter ali lahko prispeva h gospodarski konkurenčnosti Evrope, njeni energetski neodvisnosti in zanesljivosti oskrbe.
So this report will examine how far the Treaty remains a suitable legal framework for tightening up the rules in areas that are still neglected – such as the adoption of common standards for safety and radioactive waste management – and whether it can contribute to Europe’s economic competitiveness, its energy independence and its security of supply.
I – Pogodba je zanesljiv in uravnotežen okvir za razvoj konkurenčne jedrske industrije:
I – The Treaty is a proven and balanced framework for developing a competitive nuclear industry.
· Petdeset let pobud in ambiciozni dosežki kažejo na uravnoteženost in učinkovitost te pogodbe.
· 50 years of initiatives and ambitious achievements prove the Treaty’s balance and effectiveness.
Zaradi Pogodbe je lahko jedrska energija pomemben sestavni del evropske mešanice energetskih virov in danes velja kot način za preprečitev približno 312 milijonov ton CO 2 na leto (7 % vseh emisij toplogrednih plinov EU).
– The Treaty has enabled nuclear energy to become a major component in Europe’s energy mix, and is also recognised today as a way of avoiding some 312 million tonnes of CO 2 per year (7 % of the EU’s total greenhouse gas emissions).
EU je leta 2005 proizvedla več kot 920 TWh energije jedrskega izvora, kar je ena tretjina svetovnih jedrskih zmogljivosti, ocenjenih na 2 470 TWh.
With energy production of nuclear origin of more than 920 TWh in 2005, the EU represents a third of the world’s electronuclear capacity, estimated at 2470 TWh.
Povprečen delež jedrske električne energije, ki se proizvede v Skupnosti, je 32 % vse električne energije Skupnosti in zajema zelo različne načine pridobivanja: petnajst držav članic ima jedrske elektrarne, ki so za nekatere od njih glavni vir električne energije.
The Community average amounts to 32 % of electricity of nuclear origin and covers a wide variety of situations: 15 Member States have nuclear power stations, which for some of them are their main source of electricity.
Evropska industrija zajema celoten gorivni cikel, skupaj z razvojem lastnih tehnologij (za bogatenje goriva, načrtovanje reaktorjev, obdelava ali recikliranje izrabljenega goriva).
The European industry covers all of the fuel cycle, with the development of local technologies (for fuel enrichment, reactor design, and the recycling and processing of spent fuel).
To je po mnenju poročevalca najpomembnejši element na evropskem jedrskem področju, zlasti glede na trenutne mednarodne razprave o „večstranskih pristopih k ciklu“.
In the rapporteur’s view this is a conspicuous aspect of the European nuclear landscape, particularly in the context of the current international debate on the cycle’s ‘multilateral approaches’.
– Na področju raziskav imajo raziskave s področja Euratom zaradi spodbudnega vpliva šestih okvirnih programov za raziskave in razvoj vodilno vlogov svetu, zlasti na področju na področju nadzorovane fuzije.
– In the area of research, the incentive effect of the six Euratom JPRD has maintained European research as a world leader, particularly in the field of controlled fusion.
· Številne določbe Pogodbe kažejo na njeno vitalnost in prilagodljivost.
· Many of the Treaty’s provisions are proof of its vitality and adaptability.
– Skrb za varovanje zdravja je postala prednostna naloga
– A health protection concern that has become a priority
Pogodba določa, da Evropska skupnost za atomsko energijo „ postavlja enotne varnostne standarde za varovanje zdravja delavcev in prebivalstva ter zagotavlja njihovo uporabo “.
The Treaty states that the EAEC should ‘ establish uniform safety standards to protect the health of workers and of the general public and ensure that they are applied ’.
To poglavje je bilo podlaga za obsežno hčerinsko zakonodajo, ki oblikuje okvir nacionalnih zakonodaj držav članic na področju varstva pred sevanjem: sprejetje skupnih „temeljnih standardov“, določitev najvišje ravni radioaktivnega onesnaženja živil, pogoje za izmenjavo informacij in primere radioloških nevarnosti, nadzor nad radioaktivnostjo v okolju in odlaganja radioaktivnih odpadkov iz jedrskih objektov, zaščita osebja v civilnem letalstvu.
This chapter has given rise to an abundant body of derived legislation forming the framework for the Member States’ national rules on radiological protection: the adoption of common ‘basic standards’, fixing maximum permissible levels of radioactive contamination for foodstuffs, arrangements for exchanging information and radiological emergency situations, monitoring radioactivity in the environment and the disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear plants, and the protection of aircrews in civil aviation.
– Nadzorni ukrepi v zvezi z jedrskimi snovmi, ki dopolnjujejo delovanje Mednarodne agencije za atomsko energijo (IAEA):
– Monitoring the safety of nuclear materials to complement action by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
Poglavje VII določa celovit sistem nadzora za zagotavljanje, da se rude in posebne cepljive snovi ne uporabljajo za druge namene kot za tiste, ki so jih navedli uporabniki.
Chapter VII sets up a comprehensive system of controls to ensure that ores and special fissile materials are not diverted from their intended uses as declared by the users.
Varnostni nadzor, ki temelji na sistemu z evidenco snovi, ki jih imajo uporabniki, teče v povezavi s sistemom „varnostnih ukrepov“ (Safeguards), ki ga uporablja IAEA v okviru tristranskih sporazumov z državami članicami in Skupnostjo Euratom.
This security control, which is based on a system for declaring the accounts for materials held by the operators, is run in conjunction with the Safeguards scheme applied by the IAEA under tripartite agreements concluded with the Member States and the Euratom Community.
V okviru krepitve neširjenja s sklenitvijo dodatnih protokolov k navedenim sporazumom o varnostnih ukrepih leta 1998 Euratom redno predloži IAEA računovodsko dokumentacijo jedrskih snovi, ki jih imajo države članice.
As part of the tightening-up of the non-proliferation scheme with the conclusion in 1998 of Additional Protocols to these safeguard agreements, Euratom regularly sends the IAEA accounting records for nuclear materials held by the Member States.
Poročevalec ocenjuje, da sta se ta sistema izkazala za dopolnjevalna, če pa je potrebno izboljšanje, ga je treba iskati na praktičen način s skupnimi metodami raziskovanja in izvajanjem nadzora, da bi tako preprečili dvojno delo.
The rapporteur considers that these two systems have proved their complementary nature, and that if improvements need to be sought they should be sought in a practical way in the sharing of methods for investigation and the conduct of inspections, to avoid any duplication of effort.
– Intenzivna zunanja politika, ki je pragmatično ublažila pomanjkljivosti Pogodbe Euratom
– An intense external policy that has in a pragmatic way compensated for the Treaty’s shortcomings
Euratom je v okviru svojih pristojnosti z mednarodnimi sporazumi vzpostavil veliko omrežje:
Euratom has, within the framework of its powers, developed a substantial network of international agreements:
– – z mednarodnimi organizacijami: Euratom je pristopil k večini konvencij, sprejetih v okviru IAEA.
– with international organisations: Euratom has acceded to most of the conventions adopted under the aegis of the IAEA.
To dopolnjevanje dokazuje, da prispevajo priporočila, pogodbe in sporazumi, ki jih je oblikovala IAEA, k ustreznim politikam Euratoma, katerih status opazovalca pri IAEA je omogočil vzpostavitev tesnih odnosov dejavnega partnerstva.
This complementary approach is due to the fact the recommendations, treaties and agreements that the IAEA draws up concur with the corresponding policies of Euratom, whose observer status with the IAEA has resulted in establishing relations informed by an active partnership.
– – dvostransko: v preteklosti so bili odnosi Euratoma osredotočeni na sporazume s tremi glavnimi dobavitelji jedrskih snovi in tehnologij: Kanado, Avstralijo in Združenimi državami; sporazumi so se pozneje razširili na področja jedrske varnosti in raziskav.
– on a bilateral basis: historically, Euratom’s relations have concentrated on agreements with its three main suppliers of nuclear materials and technologies: Canada, Australia and the United States, and these agreements have subsequently been extended to include the fields of safety and nuclear research.
Ti sporazumi so danes predvsem sporazumi medsebojnega sodelovanja (z Japonsko, Argentino, Kazahstanom, Ukrajino) na področjih varnosti, nadzora nad jedrskimi snovmi, boja proti trgovanju z njimi in raziskav v zvezi z nadzorovano jedrsko fuzijo (pravna struktura ITER).
They are today more properly reciprocal cooperation agreements (with Japan, Argentina, Kazakhstan and Ukraine) in the fields of safety, control of nuclear materials, combating their trafficking, and research into controlled nuclear fusion (under the ITER legal framework).
Euratom je lahko imel zaradi poglavja o zunanjih odnosih zelo dejavno vlogo tudi pri zaporednih širitvah (program PHARE).
It is also as a result of the chapter on external relations that Euratom has played a very active role in the successive stages of enlargement (in the PHARE Programme).
Poročevalec meni, da je to ena od glavnih nalog Euratoma, ki s svojo vitalnostjo kaže na aktualnost Pogodbe.
The rapporteur considers that this is one of the major aspects of the Euratom system and by its very vitality is proof that the Treaty is still up to date.
II – Pomanjkljiva pravna prilagoditev in pomanjkljivosti so bistvo Euratomove jasne nemoči.
II – But inadequate legal adaptation and some shortcomings are behind Euratom’s evident weaknesses.
– Pomanjkanje demokratičnosti
– The democratic deficit
Institucionalno neravnovesje je treba uravnovesiti v korist Evropskega parlamenta, ki se mu mora priznati pristojnost soodločanja v zadevah v zvezi s Pogodbo.
The institutional imbalance must be restored in favour of Parliament, which should be accorded a codecision power on matters under the Treaty.
Poročevalec poudarja bistven pomen prispevka Evropskega parlamenta.
The rapporteur underlines the by no means negligible importance of Parliament’s contribution.
Čeprav ima Parlament samo posvetovalčno vlogo, se je njegovo sodelovanja pri razpravah večkrat izkazalo za odločilno, naj bo to pri odzivu na blokado ob sprejetju Sedmega okvirnega programa za raziskave in razvoj Euratom, pri pogajanjih o direktivi o „prenosu“ ali s predlogi sprememb k instrumentu o jedrskem sodelovanju.
Even if it is only consulted, its intervention in the debates has proved to be decisive on repeated occasions, whether dealing with stalemates such as over the adoption of the Seventh Euratom R&D Framework Programme, or in the negotiations on the Transfers Directive or through its amendments to the Nuclear Cooperation Instrument.
– Sprejetje enotnih varnostnih standardov v EU, ravnanje z radioaktivnimi odpadki in zagotavljanje finančnih sredstev za dolgoročne stroške
– Adoption of common safety standards throughout the EU, management of radioactive waste and securing the funding of long-term costs
Leta 2003 je bila predlagana uredba, ki bi določila organizacijska načela za primerno zagotavljanje varnosti in zbiranje ustreznih finančnih sredstev za delovanje in razgradnjo objektov.
In 2003 a regulation was proposed to define the organisational principles for proper safety management and mobilise sufficient financial resources for the operation and decommissioning of plants.
Zaradi premajhnega soglasja je Svet leta 2004 sprejel postopek konvergence za akcijski načrt do leta 2006, ki temelji na začasni delovni skupini za jedrsko varnost (WPNS).
In the absence of a consensus, in 2004 the Council adopted a convergence process for an Action Plan up to 2006, based on an ad hoc formation, the Working Party on Nuclear Safety (WPNS).
Poročevalec opozarja, da se ta skupina v svojih priporočilih zavzema za projekt usmeritvenih jedrskih programov Skupnosti, objavljenem 10. januarja 2007, in ocenjuje, da je treba podpreti vsaj zamisel o ustanovitvi skupine na visoki ravni za jedrsko varnost.
The rapporteur notes that the Working Party’s recommendations endorse those of the PINC Project announced on 10 January 2007 and considers that, at the very least, the idea of setting up a High-Level Group on Nuclear Safety should be supported.
Sprejemanje zakonodaje na teh področjih ne zahteva temeljitega spreminjanja Pogodbe, saj določa člen 203 zadostno pravno podlago za sprejetje novih ukrepov.
To legislate in these areas does not require an in-depth revision of the Treaty, as Article 203 provides a sufficient legal basis for adopting new measures.
III – Pogodba EURATOM mora omogočiti odziv na prihodnje energetske izzive
III – The Treaty must enable us to meet the energy challenges of the future
Včasih orodja, ki bi morala zagotoviti razvoj jedrske energije, niso delovala po pričakovanjih skleniteljev Pogodbe, vendar po mnenju poročevalca prihodnost Pogodbe ni vprašljiva in da je sedaj treba v celoti izvajati obstoječe določbe.
If the tools intended to safeguard the development of nuclear energy have not worked as the Treaty’s founders expected, the rapporteur considers that the Treaty’s future is not in doubt and the need is now to give full effect to its existing provisions.
– Usmeritveni jedrski programi Skupnosti (PINC):
– The common illustrative nuclear programmes (PINCs)
Evropska komisije je v letih 1966, 1972, 1984, 1990 in 1997 objavila več usmeritvenih jedrskih programov Skupnosti.
Several PINCs have been published by the Commission, in 1966, 1972, 1984, 1990 and 1997.
Poročevalec obžaluje, da se je prostovoljni in programski značaj usmeritvenih jedrskih programov Skupnosti izgubil in da ta program ni imel pričakovane vloge.
The rapporteur deplores the fact that the voluntary and programming character of the PINC has disappeared and that the programme has not played its expected role.
Poročevalec opozarja, da najbrž zadnji projekt usmeritvenih jedrskih programov Skupnosti ne oblikuje več prihodnje vizije o prilagoditvi zmogljivosti jedrske energije ciljem energetske politike Skupnosti niti o potrebnih naložbah za raziskave in razvoj na področjih jedrske varnosti in ravnanja z radioaktivnimi odpadki.
The rapporteur notes that the latest PINC project does not seem any closer to setting up a forward-looking view for adapting nuclear industrial capacity to the aims of the Community’s energy policy, or for the investment needed in R&D structures in the fields of nuclear safety and the management of radioactive waste.
Poročevalec priporoča, da lahko ta ocena po potrebi upošteva tudi potrebna orodja za izvedbo (zlasti s pomočjo posojil Euratom).
If need be, the rapporteur recommends that this forward-looking assessment should also envisage the tools required to carry it out (notably by means of Euratom loans).
– Pristojnosti Agencije za preskrbo je treba ponovno oživiti v okviru liberalizacije trgov:
– The Supply Agency’s powers must be revived in a context of market liberalisation
Cilj Euratoma je zagotavljanje redne in pravične preskrbe vseh uporabnikov v Skupnosti z rudami in jedrskim gorivom (Euratom ima izključno pravico sklepati pogodbe za dobavo jedrskih snovi, pravico do izbire glede rud in cepljivih snovi, proizvedenih v Skupnosti, organizacijo Agencije za preskrbo na tržni podlagi).
Euratom’s purpose is to ensure the regular and equitable supply of ores and nuclear fuels to all Community users (Euratom has the exclusive right to conclude contracts for the supply of nuclear materials, a right of option on fissile minerals and materials produced on the territory of the Member States, and organisation of the Supply Agency on a commercial basis).
Dejansko so bile pristojnosti Agencije omejene v zvezi z izključno pravico do sklepanja pogodb, nekatere države pa so z Agencijo uvedle poenostavljene postopke, tako da se zdi, da ima danes le vlogo izdajatelja pogodb.
As things stand, the Agency’s powers have been reduced in the case of its exclusive right to conclude agreements, and some Member States have set up simplified procedures with the Agency, with the result that it is today confined to a recording role.
Vlogo Agencije je treba ponovno oživiti z vidika zagotavljanja energetske preskrbe.
The Agency’s purpose must be revived, with the aim of securing energy supplies.
Kot je značilno za več drugih poglavij Pogodbe, je tudi njena posodobitev mogoča na praktičen način, saj ima lastne mehanizme za revizijo.
As with several other chapters in the Treaty, its updating is made possible in a practical way since it includes its own revision mechanism.
Poročevalcu se zdi to priložnost za ustanovitev pravega observatorija za jedrsko energijo, kot ga priporoča Komisija za evropsko energetsko politiko.
The rapporteur sees this as an opportunity to turn it into a nuclear energy observatory, on the lines of the Commission’s recommendation for the European energy policy.
Sklepi o institucionalni razpravi in prihodnosti Pogodbe
Conclusions on the institutional debate and the Treaty’s future
Poročevalec zaradi vseh navedenih razlogov ocenjuje:
For all of the above reasons, the rapporteur concludes that:
Ø da je treba Pogodbo prečistiti predvsem zato, ker se je pokazalo, da je učinkovita, in ker je treba v različnih scenarijih evropske energetike upoštevati prispevek jedrske energije k zanesljivosti preskrbe in boju proti podnebnim spremembam;
Ø the Treaty needs to be consolidated, primarily because it has proved its effectiveness and there is a need to take account in the various energy scenarios of nuclear energy’s contribution to security of supply and the fight against climate change;
Ø v institucionalni strukturi Euratoma mora biti Parlament v središči pogajanj;
Ø the Euratom institutional apparatus should put Parliament back at the centre of negotiations;