natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Dnevni čas počitka zunaj kraja, kjer je vozilo bazirano, lahko voznik preživi v vozilu, če ima ustrezno ležišče za vsakega voznika in če vozilo miruje.
Daily rest periods away from base may be taken in a vehicle, as long as it has suitable sleeping facilities for each driver and the vehicle is stationary.
Možnost, da voznik preživi skrajšani tedenski čas počitka v vozilu, je bila izbrisana.
The possibility of the driver taking reduced weekly rest periods in the vehicle has been deleted.
ČLEN 10, ODSTAVEK 1
ARTICLE 10, PARAGRAPH 1
Prevozno podjetje voznikom, ki so v njem zaposleni ali mu dani na voljo, ne sme izplačevati nikakršnih plačil, niti v obliki bonusov ali dodatkov k plači, ki so povezana s prevoženimi razdaljami in/ali količino prevoženega blaga, če so ta plačila take vrste, da ogrožajo varnost v cestnem prometu.
A transport undertaking shall not give drivers it employs or who are put at its disposal any payment, even in the form of a bonus or wage supplement, related to distances travelled and/or the amount of goods carried if that payment is of such a kind as to endanger road safety .
Prevozno podjetje voznikom, ki so v njem zaposleni ali mu dani na voljo, ne sme izplačevati nikakršnih plačil, niti v obliki bonusov ali dodatkov k plači, ki so povezana s prevoženimi razdaljami in/ali količino prevoženega blaga.
A transport undertaking shall not give drivers it employs or who are put at its disposal any payment, even in the form of a bonus or wage supplement, related to distances travelled and/or the amount of goods carried.
Končni del odstavka 1, ki velja tako dolgo kot Uredba ES, onemogoča kaznovanje oblik plačil, ki so uveljavljena v praksi (pavšalna plačila).
The final part of paragraph 1, which has been in force as long as the EC Regulation, makes it impossible to penalise the forms of payment referred to (lump-sum payments) in practice.
Posledice so plačni damping, pritisk na voznike, kršitve predpisov o času vožnje in počitka ter posledično tudi ogrožanje varnosti v cestnem prometu.
The consequence is wage dumping, pressure on drivers, breaches of the rules on driving time and rest periods, and hence a risk to road safety.
Zato je treba zadnji del odstavka črtati.
The final part should therefore be deleted.
ČLEN 10, ODSTAVEK 3, PODODSTAVEK 1
ARTICLE 10, PARAGRAPH 3, SUBPARAGRAPH 1
Prevozno podjetje je odgovorno za kršitve, ki jih povzročijo vozniki podjetja, tudi če je bila kršitev storjena na ozemlju druge države članice ali tretje države.
A transport undertaking shall be liable for infringements committed by drivers of the undertaking, even if the infringement was committed on the territory of another Member State or a third country.
Prevozno podjetje je odgovorno za kršitve, ki jih povzročijo vozniki podjetja v njegovo korist , tudi če je bila kršitev storjena na ozemlju druge države članice ali tretje države.
A transport undertaking shall be liable for infringements committed by drivers of the undertaking for its benefit , even if the infringement was committed on the territory of another Member State or a third country.
Celotno odgovornost nosi podjetje, kar pomeni preobrat v dokaznem bremenu, skupno stališče Sveta pa je, da državam članicam ni treba upoštevati dokazov podjetja.
Full liability of the undertaking means a reversal of the burden of proof and, in the Council common position, Member States have the right not even to consider evidence given by the undertaking.
Če bi se takšno načelo sploh uvedlo, bi se moralo nanašati le na primere, kjer ima podjetje zaradi kršitve koristi.
If such a reversal is introduced at all, it should only relate to situations where the undertaking benefits from the infringement.
ČLEN 10, ODSTAVEK 4 A (novo)
ARTICLE 10, PARAGRAPH 4 A (new)
Ponovna predložitev predloga spremembe 49 iz prve obravnave (P5 TA-PROV(2003)0008).
Reinserts Amendment 49 from first reading (P5 TA-PROV(2003)0008).
Člen 11
ARTICLE 11
Država članica lahko za cestne prevoze, ki potekajo izključno na njenem ozemlju, določi podaljšanje najkrajših odmorov in časov počitka ali skrajšanje najdaljših časov vožnje, kot so določeni v členih 6 do 9.
A Member State may provide for longer minimum breaks and rest periods or shorter maximum driving times than those laid down in Articles 6 to 9 in the case of carriage by road undertaken wholly within its territory.
Za voznike v mednarodnem prevozu pa še naprej velja ta uredba.
Nevertheless this Regulation shall remain applicable to drivers engaged in international transport operations.
Brez poseganja v uporabo veljavnih kolektivnih pogodb ali sporazumov med socialnimi partnerji lahko država članica za cestne prevoze, ki potekajo izključno na njenem ozemlju, določi podaljšanje najkrajših odmorov in časov počitka ali skrajšanje najdaljših časov vožnje, kot so določeni v členih 6 do 9.
Without prejudice to the implementation of collective or other agreements concluded between the two sides of industry and already in force, a Member State may provide for longer minimum breaks and rest periods or shorter maximum driving times than those laid down in Articles 6 to 9 in the case of carriage by road undertaken wholly within its territory.
Ponovna predložitev predloga spremembe 51 iz prve obravnave (P5 TA-PROV(2003)0008).
Reinserts Amendment 51 from first reading (P5 TA-PROV(2003)0008)
ČLEN 13, ODSTAVEK 1, TOČKA (D)
ARTICLE 13, PARAGRAPH 1, POINT (D)
(d) z vozili ali kombinacijami vozil z največjo dovoljeno maso, ki ne presega 7,5 tone in ki jih uporabljajo izvajalci univerzalnih storitev, kot so opredeljeni v členu 2(13) Direktive 97/67/ES Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 15. decembra 1997 o skupnih pravilih za razvoj notranjega trga poštnih storitev v Skupnosti in za izboljšanje kakovosti storitve za dostavo pošiljk kot dela univerzalne storitve, ali z vozili, ki prevažajo material ali opremo za voznikovo uporabo pri njegovem delu.
(d) vehicles or combinations of vehicles with a maximum permissible weight not exceeding 7,5 tonnes used by universal service providers as defined in Article 2(13) of Directive 97/67/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 December 1997 on common rules for the development of the internal market of Community postal services and the improvement of quality of service to deliver items as part of the universal service or used for carrying material or equipment for the driver's use in the course of his work.
Ta vozila se lahko uporabljajo samo v območju s polmerom 50 km od kraja, v katerem je podjetje, če vožnja z vozilom ni glavna voznikova dejavnost;
These vehicles shall be used only within a 50 kilometre radius from the base of the undertaking, and on condition that driving the vehicles does not constitute the driver's main activity;
(d) z vozili, ki jih uporabljajo izvajalci univerzalnih storitev, kot so opredeljeni v členu 2(13) Direktive 97/67/ES Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 15. decembra 1997 o skupnih pravilih za razvoj notranjega trga poštnih storitev v Skupnosti in za izboljšanje kakovosti storitve za dostavo pošiljk kot dela univerzalne storitve, ali z vozili, ki prevažajo material ali opremo za voznikovo uporabo pri njegovem delu.
(d) vehicles used by universal service providers as defined in Article 2(13) of Directive 97/67/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 December 1997 on common rules for the development of the internal market of Community postal services and the improvement of quality of service to deliver items as part of the universal service or used for carrying material or equipment for the driver's use in the course of his work.
V primerih prevoza, kjer vožnja z vozilom ni glavna voznikova dejavnost ter je omejen na območje s polmerom 50 km, tahografa ni treba namestiti.
Transport in cases where driving does not constitute the main activity and which is limited to a 50 km radius should not be subject to the installation of a tachograph.
ČLEN 13, ODSTAVEK 1, TOČKA (H)
ARTICLE 13, PARAGRAPH 1, POINT (H)
(h) z vozili, ki se uporabljajo za vzdrževanje kanalizacije, za varovanje pred poplavami, za preskrbo z vodo, za vzdrževanje in kontrolo cest ali za zbiranje in odstranjevanje odpadkov od vrat do vrat;
(h) vehicles used in connection with sewerage, flood protection, or water services, road maintenance and control, or door-to-door household refuse collection or disposal services;
Zaradi predloga sprememb istega avtorja, ki je določil splošno odstopanje na podlagi člena 3 in v skladu s predlogom spremembe 24 iz prve obravnave (P5 TA-PROV(2003)0008).
As a consequence of the amendment by the same author, creating a general derogation under Article 3, in accordance with Amendment 24 from first reading (P5 TA-PROV(2003)0008).
ČLEN 13, ODSTAVEK 1, TOČKA (J)
ARTICLE 13, PARAGRAPH 1, POINT (J)
(j) vozila za posebne namene, s katerimi se prevažata cirkuška oprema in oprema za zabaviščne parke;
(j) specialised vehicles transporting circus and fun-fair equipment;
Izjemo je treba dovoliti tudi na ravni Skupnosti.
A derogation should also be allowed at Community level.
ČLEN 13, ODSTAVEK 1, TOČKA (O A) (novo)
ARTICLE 13, PARAGRAPH 1, POINT (O A) (new)
(oa) z vozili za prevoz živih živali s kmetij na lokalne trge in obratno ali s trgov v lokalne klavnice;
(oa) vehicles used for the carriage of live animals from farms to local markets and vice versa or from markets to local slaughterhouses;
Obnavlja predlog spremembe 59 iz prve obravnave (P5 TA-PROV(2003)0008), ki se vrne k obstoječim določbam Uredbe (EGS) št. 3820/85 o nacionalnih odstopanjih.
Reinstates Amendment 59 from first reading (P5 TA-PROV(2003)0008), which reverts to the existing provisions of Regulation (EEC) No 3820/85 concerning national derogations.
ČLEN 16, ODSTAVEK -1 (novo)
ARTICLE 16, PARAGRAPH -1 (new)
Najmanjše število preverjanj, ki jih je treba opraviti, se v državi članici določi tako, da s 1. januarjem 2007 znaša najmanj 2 %, s 1. januarjem 2009 3 % in s 1. januarjem 2011 4 % opravljenih delovnih dni.
The minimum number of checks to be carried out in the Member States shall be set at least 2% of the total of days worked from 1 January 2007, 3% from 1 January 2009 and 4% from 1 January 2011.
Zadnja stopnja začne veljati, ko je iz statističnih podatkov razvidno, da je povprečno več kot 90 % vseh preverjenih vozil opremljenih z digitalnim zapisovalnikom.
The last phase shall only enter into force when the statistics indicate that on average more than 90% of all inspected vehicles are equipped with a digital tachograph.
Ponovna predložitev predloga spremembe 60 iz prve obravnave (P5 TA-PROV(2003)0008), ki je spremenjen tako, da ustreza predlogom poročevalca k predloženemu skupnemu stališču o Direktivi o nadzorni napravi.
Reinserts Amendment 60 from the first reading (P5 TA-PROV(2003)0008), adjusted to the proposals which the rapporteur made to the common position which has been submitted in respect of the control directive .
ČLEN 16, ODSTAVEK 1, UVODNI DEL
ARTICLE 16, PARAGRAPH 1, INTRODUCTORY PART
Če vozilo ni opremljeno z nadzorno napravo v skladu z Uredbo (EGS) št. 3821/85, se odstavka 2 in 3 tega člena uporabljata za:
Where no recording equipment has been fitted to the vehicle in accordance with Regulation (EEC) No 3821/85, paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Article shall apply to:
Če vozilo ni opremljeno z nadzorno napravo v skladu z Uredbo (EGS) št. 3821/85, se do obvezne uvedbe digitalnih tahografov v skladu s to Uredbo odstavka 2 in 3 tega člena uporabljata za:
Where no recording equipment has been fitted to the vehicle in accordance with Regulation (EEC) No 3821/85, until the compulsory introduction of digital recording equipment in accordance with that regulation paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Article shall apply to:
Ta predlog spremembe ponovno uvaja stališče, sprejeto na prvi obravnavi, glede obveznega opremljanja vseh vozil z novimi digitalnimi tahografi (glej predlog spremembe 61).
This amendment reintroduces the position at first reading with regard to compulsory fitting of the new digital recording equipment to all vehicles (see Amendment 61).
ČLEN 17 A (novo)
ARTICLE 17 A (new)
To poročilo navaja tudi, kakšen učinek je bil dosežen z določbami o izjemi v členih 3 in 13.
This report shall also state what use has been made of the exception provisions of Articles 3 and 13.
Po potrebi Komisija predloži predlog spremembe za določbe o izjemi.
Where necessary, the Commission shall then submit a proposal for the amendment of the exception clauses. .
Da bi zagotovili pravilno delovanje in izvrševanje predpisov vožnje in počitka, je zaželeno omejiti število izjem.
In order to ensure the proper operation and enforcement of the driving and rest time regulations, it is desirable to limit the number of exceptions.
V svojem Skupnem stališču je Svet predlagal veliko sprememb za določbe o izjemi na podlagi uporabe teh izjem v praksi.
In its common position, the Council has made a number of amendments to the exception clauses, based on the use made of these exceptions in practice.
Praksa lahko pokaže, da se ne uporabljajo vedno niti sedanje izjeme in da zato ni več treba vključiti te določbe v Uredbo.
Practice may show that even the current exceptions are not always used, and that it is therefore no longer necessary to include these provisions in the regulation.
ČLEN 19, ODSTAVEK 1
ARTICLE 19, PARAGRAPH 1
Države članice določijo pravila o kaznih za kršitve te uredbe in Uredbe (EGS) št. 3821/85 in sprejmejo vse potrebne ukrepe za zagotovitev, da se izvajajo.
Member States shall lay down rules on penalties applicable to infringements of this Regulation and Regulation (EEC) No 3821/85 and shall take all measures necessary to ensure that they are implemented.
Te kazni so učinkovite, sorazmerne, odvračilne in nediskriminatorne.
Those penalties shall be effective, proportionate, dissuasive and non‑discriminatory.
Za nobeno kršitev te uredbe in Uredbe (EGS) št. 3821/85 se ne uporabi več kot ena kazen ali postopek.
No infringement of this Regulation and Regulation (EEC) No 3821/85 shall be subjected to more than one penalty or procedure.
Države članice Komisijo obvestijo o teh ukrepih in pravilih o kaznih do datuma iz drugega pododstavka člena 29.
The Member States shall notify the Commission of these measures and the rules on penalties by the date specified in the second subparagraph of Article 29.
Komisija o tem obvesti druge države članice.
The Commission shall inform Member States accordingly.
Države članice na predlog Komisije določijo pravila za skupen obseg kršitev te uredbe in Uredbe (EGS) št. 3821/85 , razdeljene na kategorije glede na njihovo resnost.
Member States shall , on a proposal from the Commission, lay down rules on a common range of infringements of this Regulation and Regulation (EEC) No 3821/85 , divided into categories according to their gravity.
Države članice določijo kazni za take kršitve in sprejmejo vse potrebne ukrepe za zagotovitev, da se izvajajo.
The Member States shall provide for penalties for such infringements and shall take all measures necessary to ensure that they are implemented.
Ta predlog spremembe ohranja v zvezi s klasifikacijo kršitev in ne kazni načelo subsidarnosti ter ne spreminja tretjega stebra.
This amendment concerning the classification of infringements and not of penalties upholds the subsidiarity principle and leaves the third pillar untouched.
ČLEN 21
ARTICLE 21
Kadar država članica meni, da je prišlo do kršitve te uredbe, ki je take vrste, da bi lahko ogrozila varnost v cestnem prometu, je pooblaščena, da izloči zadevno vozilo iz prometa, dokler se ne odpravi razlog za kršitev .
Where a Member State considers that there has been an infringement of this Regulation which is of a kind that is clearly liable to endanger road safety, it shall be empowered to proceed with immobilisation of the vehicle concerned until such time as the cause of the infringement has been rectified.
Države članice lahko prisilijo voznika, da si vzame dnevni čas počitka.
Member States may compel the driver to take a daily rest period.
Države članice lahko tudi odvzamejo, začasno prekličejo ali omejijo licenco podjetja, če ima podjetje sedež v tisti državi članici, ali odvzamejo, začasno prekličejo ali omejijo vozniško dovoljenje voznika.
Member States may also withdraw, suspend or restrict an undertaking's licence, if the undertaking is established in that Member State, or withdraw, suspend or restrict a driver's driving licence.
Odbor iz člena 24(2) razvije smernice za spodbujanje usklajene uporabe tega člena.
The Committee referred to in Article 24(2) shall develop guidelines with a view to promoting a harmonised application of this Article.
Kazni, ki jih uporabljajo države članice, vključujejo začasno izločitev vozila dokler se ne odpravi razlog za kršitev.
The penalties applied by the Member States shall include temporary immobilisation of the vehicle concerned until such time as the cause of the infringement has been rectified.
Smiselno bi bilo imeti nedvoumne, enotne predpise o izločitvi vozil, ker ima ta ukrep zelo močan odvračilni učinek in zagotavlja bolj enoten pristop inšpekcijskih organov v posameznih državah članicah.
It would make sense to have unambiguous, uniform rules on the immobilisation of vehicles, because this measure has a very strong dissuasive effect, and ensures a more uniform approach on the part of the inspection bodies in the individual Member States.
ČLEN 22, ODSTAVEK 3 A (novo)
ARTICLE 22, PARAGRAPH 3 A (new)
Komisija podpira dialog med državami članicami o razlagi in uporabi te uredbe v posameznih državah članicah.
The Commission shall support dialogue between Member States concerning national interpretation and application of this Regulation.
Komisija najpozneje dve leti po začetku veljavnosti te uredbe predloži predlog z enotnimi pravili razlage in uporabe za organe pregleda posameznih držav članic.
By two years after the entry into force of this Regulation at the latest, the Commission shall submit a proposal containing uniform rules on interpretation and application, for the benefit of national supervisory authorities.
Ponovna predložitev predloga spremembe 68 iz prve obravnave (P5 TA-PROV(2003)0008).
Reinserts Amendment 68 from first reading (P5 TA-PROV(2003)0008).
ČLEN 24, ODSTAVEK 1 A (novo)
ARTICLE 24, PARAGRAPH 1 A (new)
Evropski socialni partnerji sodelujejo pri posvetovanjih z odborom kot opazovalci in so pozvani, da izrazijo svoje stališče zlasti v zvezi z nalogami omenjenimi v členu 25(1).
The European social partners shall participate in the committee’s deliberations as observers and shall in particular be consulted in relation to the tasks mentioned in Article 25(1).
Ponovna predložitev predloga spremembe 67 iz prve obravnave (P5 TA-PROV(2003)0008).
Reinserts Amendment 67 from first reading (P5 TA-PROV(2003)0008).
ČLEN 26, TOČKA 4, ALINEA 5
ARTICLE 26, POINT 4, INDENT 5
Člen 15, odstavek 7, točka (a), točka (i) (Uredba št. 3821/85/EGS)
Article 15, paragraph 7, point (a), point (i) (Regulation (EEC) No 3821/85)
(i) tahografske vložke za tekoči teden in tiste, ki jih je voznik uporabljal v predhodnih 15 dneh ;
(i) the record sheets for the current week and those used by the driver in the previous 15 days ;
(i) tahografske vložke za zadnji delovni dan in tiste, ki jih je voznik uporabljal v predhodnih 28 dneh ;
(i) the record sheets for the last day worked and those used by the driver in the previous 28 days ;
To je namenjeno zagotovitvi, da vključujejo preverjanja 28 dni, takoj ko začne uredba veljati in ne le z začetkom veljavnosti po 1. januarju 2008, kot določa ta predlog.
This is intended to ensure that checks cover 28 days as soon as the Regulation comes into force and not, as the proposal provides, only with effect from 1 January 2008.
Člen 15, odstavek 7, točka (a), točka (iii) (Uredba št. 3821/85/EGS)
Article 15, paragraph 7, point (a), point (iii) (Regulation (EEC) No 3821/85)
(iii) vse ročne zapise in izpise, izdelane v tekočem tednu in v predhodnih 15 dneh, kot to zahtevata ta uredba in Uredba (EGS) št. ... *.
(iii) any manual record and printout made during the current week and the previous 15 days as required under this Regulation and Regulation (EEC) No ......*.
(iii) vse ročne zapise in izpise, izdelane v zadnjem delovnem dnevu in v predhodnih 28 dneh , kot to zahtevata ta uredba in Uredba (EGS) št. ... *.
(iii) any manual record and printout made during the last day worked and the previous 28 days as required under this Regulation and Regulation (EEC) No ......*.
Člen 15, odstavek 7, točka (a), sklepni stavek (Uredba št. 3821/85/EGS)
Article 15, paragraph 7, point (a), concluding sentence (Regulation (EEC) No 3821/85)
Vendar pa po 1. januarju 2008 časovna obdobja iz (i) in (iii) pokrivajo tekoči dan in predhodnih 28 dni.
However, after 1 January 2008, the time periods referred to under (i) and (iii) shall cover the current day and the previous 28 days.
Člen 15, odstavek 7, točka (b), točka (ii) (Uredba št. 3821/85/EGS)
Article 15, paragraph 7, point (b), point (ii) (Regulation (EEC) No 3821/85)
(ii) vse ročne zapise in izpise, izdelane v tekočem tednu in v predhodnih 15 dneh , kot to zahtevata ta uredba in Uredba (EGS) št. ... *, in
(ii) any manual record and printout made during the current week and the previous 15 days as required under this Regulation and Regulation (EEC) No ......*, and
(ii) vse ročne zapise in izpise, izdelane v zadnjih dveh delovnih dneh in v predhodnih 28 dneh , kot to zahtevata ta uredba in Uredba (EGS) št. ... *, in
(ii) any manual record and printout made during the last day worked and the previous 28 days as required under this Regulation and Regulation (EEC) No ......*, and
To je namenjeno zagotovitvi, da preverjanja pokrijejo 28 dni, takoj ko uredba začne veljati in ne le z začetkom veljavnosti po 1. januarju 2008, kot določa ta predlog.
This is intended to ensure that checks cover 28 days as soon as the Regulation comes into force and not, as the proposal provides, only with effect from 1 January 2008.
Člen 15, odstavek 7, točka (b), sklepni stavek (Uredba št. 3821/85/EGS)
Article 15, paragraph 7, point (b), concluding sentence (Regulation (EEC) No 3821/85)
Vendar pa po 1. januarju 2008 časovna obdobja iz (ii) pokrivajo tekoči dan in predhodnih 28 dni.
However, after 1 January 2008, the time periods referred to under (ii) shall cover the current day and the previous 28 days.
ČLEN 27, TOČKA 1
ARTICLE 27, POINT 1
Člen 2, odstavek 1, točka (a) (Uredba št. 2135/98/EGS)
Article 2, paragraph 1, point (a) (Regulation (EEC) No 2135/98)
1. (a) Po 5. avgustu 2005 morajo biti vozila, ki so prvič dana v promet , opremljena s tahografom v skladu z zahtevami Priloge IB k Uredbi (EGS) št. 3821/85.
1. (a) After 5 August 2005, vehicles put into service for the first time shall be fitted with recording equipment in accordance with the requirements of Annex IB to Regulation (EEC) No 3821/85.
1. (a) Vsa vozila, izdelana po 5. avgustu 2006, morajo biti opremljena s tahografom v skladu z zahtevami Priloge IB k Uredbi (EGS) št. 3821/85.
1. (a) All vehicles manufactured after 5 August 2006 shall be fitted with recording equipment in accordance with the requirements of Annex IB to Regulation (EEC) No 3821/85.
Po 5. avgustu 2007 morajo biti vozila, ki so prvič dana v promet, opremljena s tahografom v skladu z zahtevami Priloge IB k Uredbi (EGS) št. 3821/85.
After 5 August 2007, all vehicles put into service for the first time shall be fitted with recording equipment in accordance with the requirements of Annex IB to Regulation (EEC) No 3821/85.
Ta dva začetna datuma sta realna, ker trgovina in industrija potrebujeta jasne datume.
These two starting dates are realistic, since trade and industry need clear dates.
Treba je uvesti prehodna obdobja, da se omogoči preureditev že izdelanih vozil, ki še niso bila dana v promet.
A transitional period should be introduced to allow for retrofitting of vehicles which have already been manufactured, but which have not yet been put into service.
ČLEN 27, TOČKA 1 A (novo)
ARTICLE 27, POINT 1 A (new)
Člen 2, odstavek 1, točka (b a) (novo) (Uredba št. 2135/98/EGS)
Article 2, paragraph 1, point (b a) (new) (Regulation (EEC) No 2135/98)
V členu 2 se za točko (ba) doda naslednji odstavek 1(b):
In Article 2 the following point (ba) shall be inserted after paragraph 1(b):