natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
46. dvomi v primernost in učinkovitost sporazumov in klavzul o ponovnem sprejemu, s katerimi bi povezali finančno in tehnično pomoč z "dosežki" tretjih držav na področju ponovnega sprejemanja; poudarja, da ta politika "daj-dam" grozi, da bodo države, iz katerih prihajajo migranti, postale še bolj revne;
Questions the appropriateness and effectiveness of agreements and readmission clauses aimed at linking financial and technical aid to the ‘performance’ of third countries in terms of readmission; emphasises that this policy of demanding something in return threatens to impoverish the countries producing migrants;
48. poudarja, da bi lahko Afriška unija in afriške regionalne organizacije prevzele pomembno vlogo pri usmerjanju gospodarske migracije v Afriki, na primer s sporazumi za sodelovanje za skupni razvoj med Evropsko unijo in državami izvora migrantov, kakor tudi v okviru dvo- in večstranskih sporazumov s klavzulami o spoštovanju človekovih pravic in standardov ILO, ter meni, da mora Evropska unija podpirati tovrstne pobude;
Stresses that the African Union and African regional organisations can play an important role in channelling economic migration in Africa, e.g. through cooperation agreements for co-development between the EU and the countries in which migration originates and bilateral and multilateral agreements, including clauses relating to respect for human rights and ILO standards, and considers that the European Union should support such initiatives;
- izboljšanje dostopa do kratkoročnih viz za državljane držav AKP ter bolj ugodna pravila na področju mobilnosti in začasne delovne sile,
- helping those populations gain autonomy and realise their potential in ways other than mobility,
- vzpostavitev programa obveščanja v državah AKP, ki bo namenjen kandidatom za migracijo v Unijo;
- improving the conditions of life of migrants in transit, particularly in the Sahel (information centres and help centres for foreign migrants),
51. poziva, da se ti akcijski programi osredotočijo zlasti na analizo psihičnih posledic migracije in izključitve ter na podporo in psihološko oskrbo za ženske in otroke, ki trpijo zaradi teh negativnih posledic;
Asks the Commission to initiate dialogue with the countries of origin and to call upon them to prohibit practices which are contradictory to human rights such as female genital mutilation, forced marriage, polygamy and divorce without mutual consent;
53. je zaskrbljen zaradi finančnih težav s katerimi se sooča UNHCR; meni, da mora Komisija okrepiti svojo finančno podporo za projekte, ki jih izvaja UNHCR in da mora Evropska unija, ki v največji meri prispeva k proračunu UNHCR, pritisniti na druge donatorje, da bi UNHCR razpolagal s sredstvi, s katerimi bi lahko izvedel svoje naloge v najboljših pogojih;
Is concerned by the financial difficulties facing the HCR; is of the opinion that the Commission should step up its financial support for projects being run by the HCR and that the EU, which is the main contributor to the HCR budget, should bring pressure to bear on the other donors in order to ensure that the HCR has sufficient resources to carry out its role in the best conditions;
– operacijami prostovoljnega vračanja beguncev in razseljenih oseb,
- voluntary repatriation operations for refugees and displaced persons,
– oblikovanjem struktur, ki spremljajo pomoč za ponovno nastanitev teh populacij;
- putting in place accompanying structures to facilitate the resettlement of these populations;
57. poziva Komisijo, da izvede količinsko in kakovostno oceno stroškov in programov pomoči za razvoj v tretjih državah, kakor tudi pregled rezultatov, ki so bili doseženi, da bi se izboljšal položaj ženske v državah izvora migrantov;
Calls on the Commission to carry out a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of development aid expenditure and programmes in third countries and to assess their results in improving the position of women in migrants' countries of origin;
66. poziva Komisijo in države članice, da okrepijo dialog z državami izvora priseljenk, da bi tako spodbudili spoštovanje pravic žensk in enakost med spoloma, kot tudi boj proti revščini in gospodarski odvisnosti žensk;
Calls on the Commission and the Member States to intensify their dialogue with women migrants' countries of origin with a view to promoting respect for women's rights and gender equality, and combating poverty and the economic dependence of women;
71. poziva države članice, da sprejmejo pravičen in pregleden postopek, da bi tako olajšali migrantom dostop do dela, kjer imajo dostojne delovne, higienske in varnostne razmere, ter dostojne razmere zaposlovanja s strani delodajalcev;
Calls on the Commission and the Member States to develop various youth exchange schemes (to take initiatives under the 7th research framework programme and to promote closer cultural and educational links with the third countries concerned; strengthening cooperation between educational establishments in the EU and the developing countries and to support reintegration measures;
73. poziva Komisijo, da skupaj z državami članicami spodbudi in poglobi programe izmenjave, ki so namenjeni študentom in mladim diplomantom iz držav v razvoju, da bi tako, po zgledu programov Erasmus, Erasmus-Mundus, Comenius, Socrates in Leonardo da Vinci, služili ciljem začasne migracije, kot tudi prenosu dobrih praks in znanja v države izvora;
Calls on the Commission and Member States to improve the non-financial, social-professional contribution side of development by assessing the role of young people, improving integration and citizenship as well as linking the relevant stakeholders in the field of economic migration such as non-governmental organisations and Social Partners in countries of origin and destination;
79. poziva vse države članice Unije, da ratificirajo mednarodno konvencijo o zaščiti pravic migrantov in dosledno izpolnjujejo mednarodne obveznosti za zaščito migrantov in njihovih družin;
Notes the increased exploitation of migrant workers and calls on the Member States to ensure the enforcement of European and national employment legislation and to provide all migrant workers with legal and civil protection against abuse and exploitation;
90. naroči svojemu predsedniku, naj to resolucijo posreduje Svetu in Komisiji, kot tudi vladam držav članic EU ter držav AKP, Svetu AKP-EU ter Skupni parlamentarni skupščini AKP-EU.
Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Council and Commission, the governments of the EU Member States and ACP countries, the ACP EU-Council and the ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly.
Namen tega samoiniciativnega poročila je proučiti povezavo med mednarodno migracijo in razvojem, na osnovi te pa oblikovati priporočila za politiko sodelovanja in razvojno politiko Evropske unije.
The aim of this own-initiative report is to analyse the link between international migration and development as a basis for drawing up recommendations for the European Union’s cooperation and development policy.
Na svetu je v začetku 21. stoletja 175 milijonov migrantov (3 % svetovnega prebivalstva).
At the beginning of the 21st century, there are 175 million migrants in the world (3% of the world population).
Njihovo število se je v 40 letih skoraj potrojilo.
This figure has virtually tripled in 40 years.
40 % migrantov živi v državah v razvoju.
40% of migrants live in developing countries.
Razlogi za migracijo so različni.
The reasons for migration vary.
Osnovna dejavnika zanjo ostajata demografija in revščina.
Population growth and poverty are essential factors.
Vendar so za migracijsko dinamiko prav tako pomembni zgodovina narodov, kulturne povezave, jezikovna bližina ali nedemokratični režimi.
However, the history of particular countries, cultural links, language and anti-democratic regimes are also important factors in the migration process.
Evropska unija ima pomembno vlogo pri pretvorbi migracije v vzvod za razvoj.
The European Union has a major role to play in making migration a lever of development.
Poročilo je zasnovano kot "zaboj z orodjem", v kateri naj Unija išče rešitve za dosego tega cilja.
This report is intended as a ‘tool box’ from which it can draw ideas in pursuing this objective.
Vendar zaradi dveh razlogov poročilo ne more biti izčrpno.
However, it cannot be exhaustive, for two reasons.
- Podajanje mnenja o migracijski politiki EU in njenih držav članic ni predmet tega poročila.
– Its purpose is not to give an opinion on the migration policies of the EU and its Member States.
- Pri razsežnostih razvoja si ne domišljamo, da je s poročilom tako široka tema izčrpno obravnavana; nekatera razmišljanja ali priporočila so le orisana in jih bo treba v prihodnje razviti.
– On the development dimension itself, the report does not in any way claim to provide a comprehensive picture of such a vast subject; some ideas or recommendations will only be outlined and will need to be developed at a later stage.
I) Vprašanje migracije: izziv za politiko sodelovanja EU
(I) The migration issue: a challenge for EU cooperation policy
A - Nov pristop
A - A new approach
Migracijska politika Unije temelji na dveh iluzijah.
EU migration policy is based on two illusions.
Iluzija, da lahko naredimo meje nepropustne.
An illusion that borders can be made watertight
EU in njene države članice razumejo vprašanje migracije v odnosih s tretjimi državami izključno kot podaljšek lastne omejevalne migracijske politike.
The EU and its Member States consider the migration issue in their relations with third countries merely as an extension of their restrictive migration policies.
Od tu izvira naš pogled, ki je predvsem obramben in varnosten in ki vso odgovornost prenaša na južne države ("zunanje izvajanje" naše migracijske politike).
They therefore have a defensive and security approach to the issue, which tends to leave all the responsibility to Southern countries (‘outsourcing’ of our migration policy).
To vprašanje ni predmet tega poročila.
This is not the subject of this report.
Poročevalec pa želi vseeno poudariti, da bo EU dobila primerno vlogo pri temah migracije in razvoja le, če bo navedeno logiko preobrnila.
However, the rapporteur wishes to stress that the EU will only be able to tackle these migration and development issues by taking the opposite approach.
Iluzija, da se vsa migracija obrazloži z revščino.
The illusion that migration is only based on poverty
V nasprotju s privzetimi idejami prinese razvoj v prvi fazi krepitev migracije, ne pa njene upočasnitve.
Contrary to the established view, development initially leads to higher migration levels rather than a slowing down of the process.
Zato je treba ponovno preučiti pristop Evropske unije.
The European Union’s approach therefore needs to be reconsidered.
Ta mora temeljiti na inovativnih orodjih, ki bodo služila prepoznavanju in spodbujanju vloge migrantov v boju proti revščini in za razvoj.
It should be based on innovative tools in order to recognise and promote the role of migrants in fighting poverty and development.
Z logike "več razvoja za manj migracije" moramo preiti na "boljše upravljanje migracije za več razvoja".
We should move from an approach based on ‘more development for less migration’ to ‘improved management of migration for more development’.
Pristop je treba osredotočiti predvsem na Afriko in migracijo jug-jug.
Such a policy should be more focused on Africa and South-South migration.
EU mora vprašanju migracije dati absolutno prednost v agendi in političnem dialogu med Evropo in Afriko.
The EU should place the migration issue at the top of the agenda and of political dialogue between Europe and Africa.
B - Novi instrumenti
B - New instruments
Spoštovati politične obveznosti, ki jih je EU sprejela leta 2005 na področju razvojne pomoči (0,7 % BDP do 2015, podvojitev pomoči Afriki do 2010).
Honouring the political commitments made in 2005 by the EU on development aid (0.7% of GDP by 2015, doubling aid to Africa by 2010).
2 - Dva cilja:
2. - Two objectives
a) Vključiti vprašanje migracije in njenega vpliva na razvoj med razvojne cilje tisočletja
(a) Incorporating the issue of migration and its impact on development into the MDGs
Pobude o migraciji je treba uvrstiti v tekoča pogajanja o sporazumih o gospodarskem partnerstvu na osnovi člena 13 Sporazuma iz Cotonouja.
Initiatives relating to migration should be included in the current negotiations on EPAs, pursuant to Article 13 of the Cotonou Agreement.
Sklad AKP-EU za migracijo , ki bo ustanovljen do konca 2006 in bo razpolagal s 25 milijoni €, mora krepiti zmožnosti držav AKP na področju migracije.
The ACP-EU facility on migration , amounting to EUR 25 million, which is to be set up at the end of 2006, should help to strengthen the ACP countries' capacities in the field of migration.
3- Dva prednostna instrumenta:
3 - Two priority instruments
a) Poseben sklad , katerega upravljanje mora biti dovolj prožno in odzivno za financiranje ukrepov za skupni razvoj.
(a) A specific fund based on sufficiently flexible and reactive management to finance co-development measures.
EU ima danes na razpolago program AENEAS.
The EU currently has the AENEAS programme.
Vendar se program zelo pogosto uporablja za ukrepe varovanja meja in za študije, ki imajo včasih nejasne interese.
However, this programme is mostly used for border protection measures and studies, some of which are of dubious value.
Ta program, kot tudi program, ki ga bo nasledil leta 2007, mora dejansko služiti strategiji za večji prispevek migracije k razvoju, zlasti s financiranjem malih projektov za skupni razvoj.
This programme, and the programme which will follow in 2007, must genuinely be used to serve a strategy to boost the contribution of migration to development, in particular through the funding of co-development micro-projects.
b) Jamstveni sklad , ki bo zagotavljal stalnost malih projektov migrantov in kar najbolj povečal njihov vpliv na razvoj.
(b) A guarantee fund to guarantee migrants’ micro-projects in the long term and maximise their impact on development.
Vprašanje jamstva je temeljno vprašanje.
This guarantee aspect is fundamental.
V vseh obstoječih mehanizmih manjka prav ta instrument, da bi lahko "prešli stopnjo više" in mikropodjetnikom omogočili, da razvijajo svojo dejavnost ter ustvarijo mala in srednje velika podjetja.
This is what is lacking in all the current arrangements in order to ‘move to the next stage’ and enable micro-companies to develop their activities and create SMEs.
II) Migranti v službi razvoja izvornih držav
(II) Migrants in the service of development in their countries of origin
A. - Spodbujanje skupnega razvoja in njegova potrditev v evropskih besedilih
A - Promoting co-development and enshrining it in European texts
Skupni razvoj je opredeljen kot ovrednotenje možnosti, ki jih predstavljajo priseljenske skupnosti v bogatih državah za razvoj v izvornih državah.
Co-development means the promotion of the potential of migrant communities established in rich countries to serve development in their own countries of origin.
Njegov namen je spremeniti migracijo v vzvod za razvoj z medsebojno pomočjo med narodi.
Its ultimate purpose is to make migration a lever of development through mutual aid between countries.
B. - Pospeševanje prenosa denarja
B - Encouraging the transfer of funds
Nakazila v izvorne države (232 milijard dolarjev v letu 2005, od tega 167 nakazanih v dežele v razvoju) krepko presegajo UPR, ne da bi se pri tem upoštevala neuradna nakazila, ocenjena na najmanj 50 % uradne vsote.
The amounts transferred to countries of origin (USD 232 billion in 2005, including 167 transfers to developing countries) are well in excess of ODA, without taking account of informal transfers, which are estimated at least 50% of the official figure.
Ta sredstva so v veliki večini namenjena porabi v družinah, pogosto preprečijo smrt zaradi lakote.
The bulk of these funds is used for family consumption needs, often so as to avoid dying of hunger.
Le iz majhnega deleža teh prenosov se financirajo naložbe.
Only a small proportion of these transfers are used to finance investments.
Politika EU mora kar najbolj povečati njihov prispevek k razvoju izvornih držav:
EU policy should maximise their contribution to development in the countries of origin:
- s spodbujanjem in olajšanjem prenosov denarja migrantov,
– encouraging and facilitating transfers of migrants’ funds,
- z olajšanjem dostopa migrantov do finančnih storitev,
– improving migrants’ access to financial services,
- z usmerjanjem nakazil migrantov v produktivne naložbe.
– channelling the transfer of migrants’ funds towards productive investment.
C.- Preprečevanje bega možganov in ublažitev njegovega negativnega vpliva na razvoj
C - Preventing the brain drain and mitigating its adverse effect on development
Za številne južne države je migracija sinonim za odhod najbolj izobraženega in podjetnega prebivalstva.
In many Southern countries, migration is synonymous with the loss of their best trained and most enterprising citizens.
"Beg možganov" pomeni za južne države manjše prihodke in jim onemogoča koriščenje "povračila investicije", vložene v usposabljanje teh oseb.
This brain drain is depriving Southern countries of income and preventing them from benefiting from a ‘return on investment’ devoted to training such people.
Še huje, kadar gre za strokovnjake s področja zdravstva ali izobraževanja, migracija ogroža preskrbo z osnovnimi storitvami v južnih državah in njihovo kakovost.
A more serious consequence is that the migration of professionals in the health and education sectors is jeopardising the supply and quality of essential services in Southern countries.
Ker je kriza afriških zdravstvenih sistemov resna, zahteva takojšen in specifičen odgovor.
The crisis affecting African health systems is extremely serious and calls for an urgent and specific response.
Na jugu je treba začeti z izvajanjem strategij, "usposabljanja in obdržanja" oseb.
Strategies aimed at ‘training and retaining’ must be implemented in the South.
Na severu je treba sprejeti ukrepe, ki bodo urejali zaposlovanje delavcev z juga, v okviru evropskega in državnega "kodeksa ravnanja".
In the North, measures aimed at disciplining recruitment of workers from the South should be adopted as part of European and national ‘codes of conduct’.
Glavni cilj mora biti spodbujanje "kroženja" možganov, s čimer bi kompenzirali negativne vplive "bega".
The main priority should be to promote brain ‘circulation’ in order to offset the adverse effects of the brain drain.
Ena od najobetavnejših poti v tej smeri je mehanizem "dvojnih delovnih mest", ki mora raziskovalcem, učiteljem, zdravstvenim delavcem z juga omogočiti, da ustanovi v svoji državi posvetijo polovico svojega časa.
One of the most promising types of measures in this area are the ‘dual post’ arrangements which can enable researchers, teachers and representatives of the medical profession from southern countries to devote half their time to an establishment in their own country.
D. - Prilagoditev migracijske politike zahtevam razvoja
D - Bringing migration policy into line with development requirements
Cilj je spodbujati krožno ali "nihalno" migracijo, ki bo največ prispevala k razvoju držav gostiteljic kot tudi izvornih držav.
The aim is to encourage circular migration or ‘commuting’ whose contribution is more significant to development in host countries and countries of origin.
III) Ukrepanje pri migraciji jug-jug.
(III) Action in relation to South-South migration
A.- Okrepitev zmožnosti južnih držav za vodenje njihove migracijske politike
A - Strengthening the capacities of Southern countries in managing their own migration policy
Južnim državam je treba priznati pravico do vodenja avtonomne migracijske politike, ki ni instrument migracijske politike, kot jo narekuje sever, in podpirati zmožnosti južnih držav na tem področju.
The right of Southern countries to conduct an autonomous migration policy rather than an instrument of migration policy dictated by Northern countries should be recognised and the capacities of such countries in this area should be supported.
B. - Podpora pobudam regionalnih organizacij
B - Supporting the initiatives of regional organisations
Na področjih uradnega prostega gibanja (na primer ECOWAS) je za prestop mednarodnih meja treba plačati.
In official free movement areas (e.g. ECOWAS), one is required to pay to cross an international border.
Afriška unija in afriške regionalne organizacije lahko prevzamejo osrednjo vlogo pri usmerjanju ekonomske migracije v Afriki, na primer z dvo- in večstranskimi sporazumi s klavzulami o spoštovanju človekovih pravic in standardov MOD.
The AU and African regional organisations can play a leading role in channelling economic migration in Africa, e.g. through bilateral and multilateral agreements including clauses relating to respect for human rights and ILO standards.
C.- Zagon regionalnih "mini Marshallovih načrtov" na glavnih področjih izseljevanja v Afriki
C - Launching regional ‘ Marshall mini-plans’ in the main emigration areas in Africa
Boj proti nezakonitemu priseljevanju bi lahko dobil nov zagon z integriranim regionalnim pristopom, osredotočenim na nekaj ključnih področij.
Action against illegal immigration could be made more effective as part of an integrated regional approach, targeting a few key areas.
D. - Izvajanje ukrepov, ki se osredotočajo na migracijske pole in na tranzitna področja migrantov
D - Taking measures focused on migration poles and migrants' transit areas
Treba je določiti "migracijske pole", ki so številna področja, kjer je možna intervencija.
It would be useful to identify ‘migration poles’ where intervention is possible.
Migracijski poli se lahko opredelijo kot področja konvergence in divergence migracijskih tokov prostovoljnih migrantov.
Migration poles may be defined as points of arrival and departure for voluntary migration flows.
Gre za države (Gabon, Nigerija, Slonokoščena obala, Južna Afrika in Libija) ali velika mesta (Dakar, Akra, Cotonou, Douala, Nairobi...) z modernimi prevoznimi in komunikacijskimi sredstvi, in področja sprejema, odhoda ali tranzita v okviru "pojava" zelo aktivne migracijske poti (področje severnega Sahela).
These include countries (Gabon, Nigeria, Côte d’Ivoire and Libya) and major cities (Dakar, Accra, Cotonou, Douala, Nairobi etc) with modern transport and communication facilities, as well as reception departure and transit areas in the context of the ‘emergence’ of an extremely active migration route (northern Sahel area).
S temi ukrepi bi pomagali najbolj izpostavljeni populaciji migrantov (ženske, izolirani mladoletniki) pri osamosvajanju in ji omogočili, da se uveljavi še kako drugače, ne le prek mobilnosti.
These measures would help support the most vulnerable migrant groups (women and lone children) in order to help them become more autonomous and develop their potential by means other than mobility.
E. - Večje upoštevanje posebne vloge žensk pri migraciji in razvoju
E - Taking greater account of the specific role played by women in migration and development
Migracijske politike ne upoštevajo posebne vloge žensk ali jo le malo upoštevajo, čeprav je skoraj polovica mednarodnih migrantov (48,6 %) žensk.
Migration policies take little, if any, account of the specific role played by women, despite the fact that nearly half (48.6%) of all international migrants are women.
Številne študije so že dokazale, da se s podporo projektom, ki jih vodijo ženske, doseže optimalen prispevek k razvoju.
What is more, a large number of studies show that support for projects conducted by women is an optimum means of fostering development.
Zato morajo programi podpirati predvsem vaške banke in ženska varčevalna združenja, ki so se že izkazala s prispevkom k razvoju.
Programmes should, in particular, provide support for village banks and women's savings groups, which make a proven contribution to development.
F. - Vlaganje v izobraževanje in usposabljanje
F - Investing in education and training
Tako je skupni znesek za izobraževanje in zdravstvo dodeljen državam AKP okviru Evropskega razvojnega sklada (4,98 % v letu 2004) zelo oddaljen od navedenega referenčnega zneska.
There is still a long way to go, however: for example, the EDF allocation for education and health in the ACP countries (4.98% in 2004) falls very far short of this figure.