natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Eden od načinov za oceno nedavne reforme je sklicevanje na pretekle izkušnje.
One way to assess the recent reform is to apply it to past experience.
Naj navedem nekaj primerov.
Let me give some examples.
Prvič, večji poudarek na potrebi po večjem prilagajanju proračuna v „pozitivnih obdobjih“ bi Komisiji in Svetu omogočil, da bi med letoma 1999 in 2000 v večji meri spodbujala države k izvajanju boljšega prilagajanja proračuna, ker je bila gospodarska rast takrat v Evropi ugodna.
First, the greater emphasis on the need for stronger budgetary adjustment in “good times” would have enabled the Commission and the Council to put more pressure on countries in 1999-2000, when economic growth was favourable in Europe, to implement stronger budgetary adjustment.
Seveda večje težave mnogih držav v zadnjih letih v veliki meri izhajajo iz dejstva, da se je prilagajanje proračuna ustavilo po vstopu v EMU, zlasti v Nemčiji, Franciji in Italiji.
Indeed, the main difficulties experienced in recent years in several countries largely derive from the fact that budgetary adjustment stopped after entry in EMU, especially in Germany, France and Italy.
Leta 2000, ki je bilo leto najhitrejše rasti v nedavnem obdobju, se je ciklično prilagojen primanjkljaj teh treh držav povečal za pet, dva oziroma šest odstotnih točk, namesto, da bi se zmanjšal.
In 2000, the year of fastest growth over the recent cycle, the cyclically adjusted deficit of these three countries worsened by .5, .2 and .6 percentage points respectively, instead of improving.
Zato so ob upadu gospodarstva leta 2001 proračunski primanjkljaji teh treh držav presegli triodstotno mejo.
This is the reason why, when the economy slowed down in 2001, the respective budgets deteriorated at or above the 3 per cent limit.
Drugič, primanjkljaji, ki so med recesijo nekoliko prekoračili triodstotno mejo, ampak ostali blizu referenčne vrednosti kot, na primer, Nizozemska leta 2003, ne bodo več obravnavani kot čezmerni.
Second, deficits exceeding slightly the 3 per cent limit during a recession, but remaining close to the reference value, like in the case of the Netherlands in 2003, will not be considered any more as excessive.
S tem se izognemo procikličnemu prilagajanju.
Pro-cyclicality in adjustment will thus be avoided.
Tretjič, sedaj je bilo omogočeno več kot enoletno obdobje za popravo čezmernega primanjkljaja, v primeru, da gospodarski položaj ne dovoljuje hitrih in velikih popravkov.
Third, it is now possible to have more than one year to correct an excessive deficit, in case the economic situation does not allow for a quick and large correction.
Primerom, kot je portugalski iz leta 2003, ko je znatno prilagajanje proračuna vodilo v recesijo, se je treba v prihodnje izogniti.
The case of Portugal in 2003, whereby a very large budgetary adjustment in one year led to a recession, should be avoided in the future.
Četrtič, krizi, podobni tisti z novembra 2003, se je sedaj mogoče izogniti, ker bo pod nekimi pogoji mogoče spremeniti priporočilo Sveta iz člena 104.7.
Fourth, a crisis similar than the one experienced in November 2003 can now be avoided, as the possibility to modify a Council Recommendation produced under article 104.7 will be possible, under certain conditions.
Ti primeri kažejo, da lahko nekateri vidiki reforme izboljšajo izvajanje Pakta.
These examples suggest that some aspects of the reform can improve the implementation of the Pact, going forward.
V končni fazi se lahko izboljšanje Pakta doseže le z bolje urejeno proračunsko politiko v državah članicah.
Ultimately, a better Pact can only be obtained through more disciplined budgetary policies in the Member States.
Kako ocenjujete položaj bivšega preimenovanega lizbonskega postopka, tako imenovane strategije „rast in delovna mesta“?
What is your assessment of the state-of-play of the renamed Lisbon process, the so-called 'Growth and Jobs' strategy?
Kako lahko usklajevanje ECB in instrumentov makroekonomske politike (Širše smernice ekonomske politike, Smernice za zaposlovanje) vpliva na uspeh te strategije?
How could the ECB and the instruments of macroeconomic policy co-ordination (Broad Economic Policy Guidelines, Employment Guidelines) contribute to the success of this strategy?
Kakšne so po vašem mnenju možnosti za večje notranje povpraševanje in pospeševanje naložb znotraj EU?
What is your perception as to the possibilities of increasing internal demand and fostering investments within the EU?
Temeljno odgovornost za izvajanje lizbonskega postopka nosijo države članice.
The ultimate responsibility for implementing the Lisbon Process lies with the Member States.
Lizbonski postopek lahko le ustvari postopek za primerjalne analize, medsebojno pregledovanje in medsebojni pritisk.
The Lisbon Process can only create a procedure for benchmarking, peer reviewing and peer pressure.
Ta postopek ni deloval po pričakovanjih, deloma zato, ker je bil preveč zapleten, ker je vseboval preveč ciljev in ker ni bil dovolj „v lasti“ držav članic.
This process did not work as expected, in part because it was too complex, because it contained too many objectives, and was not sufficiently “owned” by the Member States.
Ponovno oživljen postopek je bistveno izboljšan, ker obravnava nekatere prejšnje slabosti.
The revitalised process is a substantial improvement as it addresses some of the previous weaknesses.
Toda bistven ključ do uspeha ostaja pripravljenost nacionalnih organov oblasti za izvajanje reform.
But the ultimate key to success remains the willingness of the national authorities to implement reforms.
Če pogledamo nazaj, so se v številnih državah izvajale obsežne reforme, zlasti na trgu dela in v sistemu socialnega skrbstva.
Looking backwards, substantial reforms have been implemented in several countries, in particular in the Labour market and the welfare system.
Toda veliko je treba še storiti.
But much remains to be done.
Pravzaprav je bil postopek reforme znotraj držav zaznamovan z negotovostmi, zlasti glede tega, ali je predlagana reforma učinkovito in natančno obravnavala ustrezno težavo ali pa bi bile na tej poti potrebne dodatne reforme.
In fact, the reform process within countries has been shed with uncertainties, in particular on whether the proposed reform effectively and definitely addressed the relevant problem, or whether additional reforms would be needed down the road.
To je slabilo zaupanje potrošnikov in podjetij in zato je tudi slabilo domače povpraševanje.
This tended to depress consumer and business confidence, and thus domestic demand.
Zato so se povečali previdnostni prihranki.
As a result, precautionary savings has increased.
Revidiran lizbonski postopek poskuša premagati nekatere težave iz preteklosti s posplošitvijo postopkov in z izboljševanjem lastništva.
The revised Lisbon process tries to overcome some of the problems of the past, by simplifying the procedures and improving ownership.
Pomembno bo tudi spodbujati vlade, da izvedejo reforme, tudi takšne, ki so morda kratkoročno drage.
It will also be important to create incentives for Governments to undertake reforms, even those that may be costly in the short term.
Revidiran Pakt za stabilnost in rast ponuja nekaj spodbud, zlasti s tem, da se da državam več časa za prilagoditev srednjeročnemu cilju za proračunsko politiko.
The revised SGP introduces some incentives, in particular by giving countries more time to adjust towards the medium term objective for budgetary policy.
Primer iz bližnje preteklosti je primer Avstrije, ki je v obdobju 2003–2004 izvedla obsežno pokojninsko reformo, ki je bistveno izboljšala trajnost njenega profila prihodnjih dolgov, in ji je bilo dovoljeno, da vzporedno izvede znižanje davkov, kar je sprožilo začasno odstopanje od cilja čimbolj uravnovešenega proračunskega stanja.
One recent example is the case of Austria, which introduced in 2003-2004 a major pension reform that substantially improved the sustainability of its future debt profile and was allowed to implement in parallel a tax cut which entailed a temporary deviation from the close-to-balance objective.
Da splošna javnost bolje sprejme večje reforme, se lahko izkorišča kompromis med kratkoročnimi proračunskimi ukrepi in reformami z dolgoročnim pozitivnim učinkom za rast in trajnost.
The trade off between short term budgetary measures and reforms with longer term positive impact on growth and sustainability can be exploited to improve the acceptance by the general public of major reforms.
ECB lahko najbolj prispeva k uspehu lizbonske strategije tako, da se drži svojih nalog in pooblastil, tj. z zagotavljanjem stabilnosti cen.
The ECB can contribute to the success of the Lisbon Strategy first by sticking to its mandate, i.e. by delivering price stability.
Prispeva lahko tudi s spodbujanjem bolj povezanih finančnih trgov (glej odgovora na vprašanji 13 in 14 spodaj).
It can also contribute trough the promotion of a more integrated financial markets (see answers to questions 13 and 14 below).
Treba je tudi poudariti, da bolje delujoč enotni evropski trg omogoča monetarni politiki, da doseže stabilnost cen in podpira rast.
It is also important to underline that a better functioning single European market makes it easier for monetary policy to achieve price stability and to support growth.
Kot je bilo že omenjeno v odgovoru na vprašanje 5, so stabilnosti trga dela in izdelkov na območju eura v nedavni upočasnitvi ohranile inflacijo nad dvema odstotkoma, zato ECB ni mogla še bolj znižati obrestnih stopenj za podporo gospodarske dejavnosti, kot so to storile zvezne rezerve v ZDA.
As mentioned in the answer to question 5, labour and product market rigidities in the euro area have maintained inflation above 2 per cent during the recent slowdown, thus reducing the ability of the ECB to cut interest rates further to sustain economic activity, as the Federal reserve did in the US.
Kar zadeva domače povpraševanje je za njegovo ponovno oživitev potrebno izboljšanje zaupanja gospodinjstev in podjetij, zlasti v zvezi s prihodnjimi tokovi prihodkov.
As far as domestic demand is concerned, its revitalization requires an improvement in households’ and business confidence, in particular about future income streams.
Nerešena pokojninska težava še naprej ustvarja negotovost na pričakovani ravni prihodnjega obdavčevanja in pomoči za socialno varstvo.
The pending pension problem continues to create uncertainty on the expected level of future taxation and welfare assistance.
To povečuje previdnostne prihranke in kratkoročno preprečuje porabo in naložbe.
This enhances precautionary savings and discourages consumption and investment in the short term.
Reforme, ki obravnavajo le dele teh težav, vodijo v pričakovanja, da bodo v prihodnosti morda potrebne nadaljnje reforme, kar še poslabšuje socialno klimo in slabi povpraševanje.
Reforms that only address part of the problems, leading to expectations that further reforms might be needed in the future, tend to worsen the social climate and thus depress demand.
Reforme morajo strukturne težave gospodarstva reševati osredotočeno, da se obnovi zaupanje, ki je predpogoj za večje skupno povpraševanje.
Reforms need to tackle in a focused way the structural problems of the economy so as to restore confidence, which is a prerequisite for higher aggregate demand.
Naštejte, prosim, v vrstnem redu glede na njihovo pomembnost, strukturne reforme, ki so po vašem mnenju prednostne v EU, in utemeljite svojo izbiro.
Please list in order of importance the structural reforms which you believe are a priority in the EU and justify your choices.
Primerjava prihodka na prebivalca med EU in ZDA kaže, da, medtem ko je produktivnost na opravljeno uro bolj ali manj podobna na obeh straneh Atlantika, sta povprečno število opravljenih ur na prebivalca in stopnja možne zaposlenosti v Evropi veliko nižji.
A comparison between the EU and US income per capita shows that while productivity per hour worked is more or less similar across the Atlantic, the average number of hours worked per capita and the participation rate is much lower in Europe.
To kaže, da je reforma trga dela v Evropi še vedno ključnega pomena, če želimo konkurirati z ZDA in doseči njihovo življenjsko raven.
This suggests that labour market reform is still key in Europe if we want to compete with the US and reach their standards of living.
V Evropi moramo delati več in delati mora več ljudi, zlasti ženske in stari delavci.
We need to work more, and more people need to work in Europe, especially female and aged workers.
Drugo pomembno področje za reformo je liberalizacija trga izdelkov, zlasti v storitvenem sektorju.
Another important area for reform is product market liberalisation, especially in the services sector.
Primerjava z ZDA ponovno kaže, da Evropa zaostaja pri vključevanju tehnološkega napredka v storitveni sektor.
Again, a comparison with the US shows that Europe is lagging behind in incorporating technological progress in the services sector.
Ovire za vstop na trg omejujejo velikost trga in tako onemogočajo popolno izkoriščanje ekonomije obsega, kar povzroči, da so naložbe, zlasti v raziskave in razvoj, manj privlačne.
Barriers to entry limit market size and thus do not allow economies of scale to be fully exploited, therefore rendering investment, especially in R&D, less attractive.
Nenazadnje pa širša osnova za mala in srednje velika podjetja v Evropi zahteva učinkovitejši in celostni evropski finančni sistem na ravni prodaje na drobno.
Finally, the broader base for SMEs in Europe requires a more efficient and integrated European financial system at the retail level.
Potrebni so nadaljnji ukrepi za izboljšanje integracije finančnega trga v EU (glej odgovor na vprašanje 13 spodaj).
Further action is required to improve financial market integration in the EU (see answer to question 13 below).
Kako ocenjujete nedavni razvoj deviznega tečaja USD/EUR?
How do you assess the recent evolution of the USD/EUR exchange rate?
Kakšno je po vašem mnenju sodelovanje med EU in ZDA na področju deviznih tečajev?
How do you evaluate EU/US co-operation in the field of exchange rates?
Mislite, da se centralne banke lahko učinkovito borijo proti pretirani volatilnosti?
Do you think that Central Banks are able to fight efficiently against excessive volatility?
Kako velike se vam v tej zvezi zdijo nevarnosti, ki jih predstavlja dvojni ameriški primanjkljaj?
What importance do you give in this context to the dangers posed by the twin US deficits?
Mislite, da bi morali spodbujati mednarodno vlogo eura?
Do you think that the international role of the Euro should be encouraged?
Nedavni razvoj na tujih deviznih trgih je bil zaznamovan s čezmerno ponudbo USD, kar je bila posledica kombinacije neravnovesja med prihranki in naložbami in zelo prilagodljivih monetarnih razmer v ZDA.
Recent developments in foreign exchange markets have been characterised by an excess supply of US dollars, fuelled by the combination of the savings-investment imbalance and the very accommodative monetary conditions in the US.
Konec takšnega trenda zahteva, da se ta dva faktorja obrneta.
The end of such a trend requires that these two main factors be reversed.
V zadnjem času so monetarne razmere postale manj prilagodljive, ker je Zvezna banka za rezerve dvignila obrestne mere.
More recently, monetary conditions have become less accommodative, as the Fed raised interest rates.
To je vsaj začasno prispevalo k stabilizaciji ameriške valute.
This contributed to stabilise the US currency, at least temporarily.
Toda raven ameriških obrestnih mer zaradi tempa rasti gospodarstva in povečanega inflacijskega pritiska še vedno ostaja nizka.
However, the level of US interest rates remains low, in light of the pace of growth of the economy and the increasing inflationary pressures.
Zvezne rezerve so že namignile, da bodo nadaljevale s trendom varčnega gospodarjenja.
The Federal Reserve has already indicated that it will continue with the tightening trend.
Kar se tiče primanjkljaja na tekočem računu plačilne bilance, najnovejše napovedi kažejo nadaljnje večanje v naslednjih dveh letih.
As far as the current account deficit is concerned, the most recent projections show a further widening in the next two years.
Jasno je, da je trenutni trend nevzdržen in da ga je treba popraviti.
The current trend is clearly unsustainable and requires a correction.
Takšen popravek mora vključevati predvsem politične ukrepe in ne prilagajanje trga, kar lahko povzroči nadaljnjo depreciacijo dolarja.
Such a correction should come primarily from policy actions, rather than market adjustment, which might entail further dollar depreciation.
Do prilagajanja mora priti predvsem v ZDA za zmanjševanje javnega negativnega varčevanja, zlasti srednjeročno s strožjo proračunsko politiko, in spodbujanje zasebnega varčevanja.
Adjustment should come mainly in the US, with a view to reducing public dis-saving, in particular through a stricter budgetary policy over the medium term, and to encouraging private savings.
Nekaj prilagajanja je potrebnega tudi v azijskih državah, ki beležijo visoko raven prihrankov in določijo svojo valuto glede na dolar.
Some adjustment is also required in Asian countries, which record a high level of savings and fix their currency with the dollar.
Večja fleksibilnost pri azijskih valutah bi nekoliko olajšala popravljanje ameriškega primanjkljaja na tekočem računu plačilne bilance in bi razporedila breme prilagajanja na širši sklop držav in valut.
More flexibility in Asian currencies would favour some correction of the US current account deficit and would spread the burden of adjustment to a broader set of countries and currencies.
Centralne banke ne morejo vplivati na devizne tečaje le z enostranskim ukrepanjem, razen s strogim umetnim določanjem deviznega tečaja.
Central banks cannot affect exchange rates through unilateral action only, except by strictly pegging the exchange rate.
Vseeno bi to pomenilo opustitev denarne suverenosti.
This would imply, however, the abandonment of monetary sovereignty.
To torej ne more biti izbira za območje eura, ker bi to preusmerilo njegovo monetarno politiko na potrebe ameriškega gospodarstva in ne na potrebe območja eura.
This can hardly be the choice of the euro area, as it would direct its monetary policy to the needs of the US economy rather than the euro-area one.
Usklajeno ravnanje lahko vpliva na tuje devizne trge, zlasti za preprečitev neskladnih ukrepov.
Coordinated action can have an impact on foreign exchange markets, in particular to counteract disorderly moves.
Takšno ravnanje se lahko upravlja z različnimi instrumenti, od javnih izjav do neposrednih nakupov in prodaj na trgu.
Such an action can be conducted with different instruments, from public statements to direct purchases and sales in the market.
Da bo takšno ravnanje učinkovito in dolgoročno, ga morajo spremljati spremembe v prednostni naravnanosti politike.
To be effective and long lasting, such an action must be accompanied by changes in the underlying policy stance.
V primeru depreciacije dolarja bi bilo za popravo proračunskega primanjkljaja potrebno odločnejše ravnanje, da se prispeva k verodostojnosti vsakega ukrepa centralne banke na trgih.
In the case of the dollar depreciation, a more decisive action to correct the budget deficit would be required to give credibility to any central bank action in the markets.
Če se ameriški tekoči račun plačilne bilance ne popravi s političnimi ukrepi, lahko prilagajanje povzroči nadaljnjo depreciacijo dolarja, kar bo privedlo do večje rasti v ostalem delu sveta in do višjih obrestnih mer v ZDA, kar bi oslabilo dejavnost preko Atlantika.
If the US current account is not corrected through policy actions, the adjustment could entail a further depreciation of the dollar, leading to lower growth in the rest of the world and higher interest rates in the US, which would in turn depress activity across the Atlantic.
Rešitev na tržni osnovi bi zato verjetno dosegla nižjo gospodarsko rast po svetu in nižja kot je, bolj neskladno in bolj nenadno je prilagajanje trga.
A market-based solution is thus likely to achieve lower economic growth around the world, the more so, the more disorderly and abrupt is the market adjustment.
Mednarodna vloga eura se z leti postopoma povečuje.
The international role of the euro has increased progressively over the years.
Evropa ima lahko, prek nižjih dolgoročnih obrestnih mer in večje zaščite pred šoki na področju deviznega tečaja, od tega trenda le koristi.
Europe can only benefit from this trend, through lower long-term interest rates and greater protection from exchange rate shocks.
Da bo ta trend trajnosten in se ne bo hitro obrnil, ga mora voditi povpraševanje in se ga ne sme umetno podpirati.
To be sustained and not subject to rapid reversion, this trend should be mainly demand-led and not artificially supported.
Razen tega sedanji razvoj na tujih deviznih trgih ne zahteva pretirano agresivnega potrfeljskega pregrupiranja proti euru, ker bi to povzročilo še večji pritisk na njegov devizni tečaj.
In addition, current developments in the foreign exchange markets do not demand an excessively aggressive portfolio recomposition towards the euro, as this would put further upward pressure on its exchange rate.
Kako lahko še bolj okrepimo vpliv območja eura in njegove valute, zlasti v mednarodnih finančnih ustanovah?
How can the influence of the Euro area and its currency be further enhanced, in particular in international financial institutions?
Kakšna je po vašem mnenju trenutna stopnja usklajevanja, npr. pred sestanki odbora MDF?
What are your views on the current level of co-ordination, e.g. before IMF board meetings?
Območje eura sodeluje neposredno ali kot opazovalec v vseh večjih mednarodnih forumih, kot so IMFC, G7, G10, G20, Forum finančne stabilnosti.
The euro area participates, either directly or as an observer, in all major international fora, such as the IMFC, the G7, the G10, the G20, the Financial Stability Forum.
Glede na monetarno in tečajno politiko ECB in/ali predsedstvo Evroskupine predstavi položaj območja eura na vsakem od teh forumov.
Concerning monetary and exchange rate policies, the euro area position is presented in each of these fora by the ECB and/or the Presidency of the Eurogroup.
Vprašanje je, ali je treba usklajevanje razširiti na večje mednarodne finančne zadeve.
The issue is whether coordination should be extended to other major international financial matters.
To močno verjamem in sem se osebno zavezal temu cilju, zlasti s predsedovanjem Pododboru Ekonomsko-finančnega odbora o vprašanjih MDS (SCIMF).
I strongly believe so and have been personally committed to that goal, in particular by chairing the EFC Sub-Committee on IMF issues (SCIMF).
V preteklih letih je SCIMF pripravil skupno stališče EU o vrsti tem, kot so razvojna pomoč, vključevanje zasebnega sektorja v reševanje kriz, vloga Sklada v državah z nizkimi dohodki itd.
In recent years the SCIMF prepared common EU positions on a series of topics, such as development aid, private sector involvement in crisis resolution, the role of the Fund in low income countries, etc.
Treba je storiti še več.
More should be done.
Ker postajajo druge večje regije na svetu čedalje bolj pomembne in zahtevajo večjo vlogo in več glasu v mednarodnih finančnih institucijah, obstaja tveganje, da bi Evropa izgubila vpliv, če bo njeno zastopanje ostalo razdrobljeno.
As other major regions of the world grow in importance and ask for a greater role and voice in International Financial Institutions, there is a risk that Europe looses influence if its representation remains fragmented.
Zaželena rešitev je, da bi EU sčasoma v MDS in v Svetovni banki imela en sedež, kar bi povečalo zanimanje EU in ji omogočilo, da bo imela večjo težo, ki bo primerljiva z njenim finančnim prispevkom za razvoj in finančno stabilnost.
Over time, a single EU seat in the IMF and in the World Bank is a desirable solution, that would maximise EU interests and enable the EU to have a weight comparable to its financial contribution to development and financial stability.
Glede učinkovitosti novih forumov je težko oceniti njihov prispevek k mednarodni finančni stabilnosti.
Concerning the effectiveness of new fora, it is difficult to assess how they have contributed to international financial stability.