natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
· težave z oskrbo zaradi orkanov, kot je bila Katrina v ZDA,
· Supply problems due to hurricanes like Katerina in the USA
· zaprtje največjih naftnih polj v Združenih državah zaradi korozije vodov.
· the closing of the biggest US oil fields due to corrosion of the pipelines
Vrhunec proizvodnje nafte?
The moment of Peak Oil?
Veliko znanstvenikov in okoljskih organizacij opozarja, da je vrh proizvodnje nafte že dosežen ali je zelo blizu.
A number of scientists and environmental organisations warn that the moment of peak oil has been reached or is imminent.
Naftne družbe pa zagotavljajo, da je rezerv še vedno veliko.
Oil companies assure us that there are ample reserves left.
Vendar so rezerve običajne nafte predvsem v regijah z resno politično nestabilnostjo, rezerve neobičajne nafte, za katere so potrebni miniranje, globlje kopanje ali priobalna proizvodnja, pa bodo zahtevale velike naložbe in bodo dražje.
However reserves of conventional oil are mainly in regions of great political instability and the reserves of unconventional oil -for which there is a need for mining, digging deeper or off- shore production - will however require major investment and be more costly.
Poročevalec sklepa, da vrh proizvodnje nafte mogoče še ni dosežen, je pa očitno že dosežen vrh cenejše proizvodnje nafte.
The rapporteur draws the conclusion that the moment of peak oil may not have come yet however the moment of "peak cheap oil" seems to have been reached.
Čeprav so se cene nafte nedavno ponovno znižale, je treba ob upoštevanju razvoja dogodkov pričakovati, da bodo še naprej nestanovitne in se bodo v prihodnosti še zvišale.
Even though oil prices have declined once again most recently, considering these developments it has to be expected that the oil price will remain volatile and increase in the future.
Na podlagi tega je treba obravnavati vprašanje gospodarskega vpliva rasti cene nafte.
It is against this background that the issue of economic impacts of the oil price increases has to be considered.
Zaradi različnih stopenj odvisnosti od nafte in različnih proizvodnih struktur se gospodarski vpliv med državami EU lahko razlikuje.
Based on differing degrees of oil dependency and on different production structures, the impacts may thus vary from one EU country to another.
Posledice najbolj občutijo države, ki so zelo odvisne od uvoza nafte, in energetsko intenzivnejše države zaradi manj učinkovite uporabe energije.
The consequences are most strongly felt in countries which are highly dependent on oil imports and more energy-intensive countries because energy is used less efficiently.
Zlasti so prizadete države euroobmočja, ker so zelo odvisne od uvoza nafte, in ocenjuje se, da so najbolj prizadete kratkoročno.
The Euro-zone countries are particularly affected because of their high dependency on oil imports and are estimated to suffer most in the short term.
Glede na ocene je BDP upadel najmanj za 0,5 %.
GDP is assessed to have dropped by at least 0.5%.
Zelo negativen vpliv občutijo tudi nove države članice EU zaradi višje stopnje energetske intenzivnosti njihovih gospodarstev.
The new Member States of the EU are also particularly negatively affected due to the higher degree of energy intensity of their economies.
Razen ravni cen sta negativna dejavnika tudi negotovost v zvezi s prihodnjimi ravnmi cen in stalno nihanje cen nafte.
Apart from the price level, uncertainty about future price levels and the constant volatility of oil prices are in themselves negative factors.
Na drugi strani pa zvišanje cen nafte povzroča kopičenje petrodolarjev s strani držav izvoznic nafte, ki jih potem ponovno vlagajo v dolgoročna finančna sredstva, kar prispeva k nizkim dolgoročnim obrestnim meram, ki podpirajo rast.
On the other hand, oil price increases result in accumulation of petrodollars by oil exporting countries reinvested in long term financial assets contributing to low long term interest rates supporting growth.
Pravzaprav države izvoznice nafte vedno več vlagajo dodatne dohodke iz nafte v sredstva, denominirana v eurih, hkrati pa so povečale povpraševanje po blagu in storitvah iz euroobmočja.
In fact, oil-exporting countries increasingly invest their extra oil revenues in euro-denominated assets and increased demand for euro-area goods and services.
Vplivi zvišanja cen nafte na inflacijo so lahko neposredni in sekundarni.
Increases in oil prices can affect inflation directly and through second-round effects.
Neposredni vplivi so takojšnji vplivi na potrošniške cene energije.
Direct effects are the immediate effect on the consumer prices of energy.
Delež energije v harmoniziranem indeksu cen življenjskih potrebščin je okrog 8,6 % potrošniške košare harmoniziranega indeksa cen življenjskih potrebščin in prispeva skoraj eno odstotno točko k izmerjeni inflaciji na euroobmočju.
The energy component of the HICP accounts for about 8.6% of the HICP consumption basket and contributes close to one percentage point to headline inflation in the euro area.
Sekundarni vplivi so povezani s tem, da lahko, poleg neposrednih vplivov, šok v zvezi s cenami nafte vpliva na inflacijo, če vpliva na pogajanje o plačah in določanje cen.
Second-round effects refer to the possibility that, in addition to direct effects, an oil shock may have an impact on inflation if it influences wage bargaining and price-setting behaviours.
Na celotnem euroobmočju trenutno ni znakov večanja inflacije plač, ampak dejanska inflacija plač od začetka leta kaže trend padanja.
For the euro area as a whole, there are currently no signs of a pick-up in wage inflation but actual wage inflation is showing a downward trend since the beginning of the year.
To kaže na težavo s povpraševanjem na euroobmočju, ki je še večja, ker se razpoložljivi dohodek znižuje zaradi rasti cen nafte in drugih virov energije ter zaradi začetka rasti cen industrijskih izdelkov in stroškov prevoza.
This indicates a demand problem in the euro zone, which is amplified due to a decrease in disposable income by the price increases for oil and other energy sources and by the beginning price increases on industrial products and transport costs.
V zvezi z določanjem cen je bilo julija 2006 na euroobmočju opazno občutno zvišanje cen industrijskih proizvajalcev za 5,9 %, kar kaže, da podjetja svojo izgubo dobička prenašajo na potrošnike.
As regards price-setting, there has been a notable increase in industrial producer prices by 5,9% in July 2009 in the euro area, indicating that companies pass on their loss in profits to consumers.
Zaradi nestanovitnosti in predvidene manjše rasti upadajo naložbe.
Due to volatility and lower growth expectations, investment is dampened.
Predstavniki malih in srednje velikih podjetij so izrazili zaskrbljenost, ker je Evropska centralna banka od decembra 2005 že petkrat dvignila obrestne mere in ker lahko nadaljnja zvišanja povzročijo nepredvidljivost stroškov posojil za mala in srednje velika podjetja ter dodatno preprečujejo naložbe.
Representatives of SMEs raised their concern about the fact that the ECB has already raised interest rates five times since December 2005 and that further increases will lead to an unpredictability for SMEs on the costs of loans and will further suppress investments.
· Trgovinska bilanca in devizni tečaji
· Balance of trade and exchange rates
Zvišanje cen nafte spremeni tudi trgovinsko bilanco med državami.
An oil price increase also changes the balance of trade between countries.
Države, ki so neto uvoznice nafte, se običajno odzovejo na slabšanje plačilne bilance z zahtevo po znižanju deviznih tečajev.
Net oil-importing countries normally experience deterioration in their balance of payments, putting downward pressure on exchange rates.
Pričakuje se, da bo brez sprememb v politiki centralne banke in vladni monetarni politiki lahko vrednost dolarja rasla skupaj z večanjem povpraševanja držav, ki proizvajajo nafto, po mednarodnih rezervah, denominiranih v dolarjih.
It is expected that without a change in central bank and government monetary policies, the dollar may tend to rise as oil-producing countries' demand for dollar-denominated international reserve assets grow.
Višja vrednost dolarja lahko tudi pozitivno vpliva na konkurenčnost evropskega gospodarstva in trgovine.
An appreciated dollar might also have positive impacts on the competitiveness of the European economy and trade.
Ker pa je padec vrednosti dolarja v primerjavi z eurom omilil vpliv nedavnega zvišanja cen nafte na euroobmočju, bi vsaka sprememba vrednosti dolarja bistveno vplivala na učinek, ki ga imajo višje nominalne cene nafte na evropsko in svetovno gospodarstvo.
On the other hand since the fall in the value of the dollar against the euro dampened the impact of recent oil-price increases in the euro zone, any change in the value of the dollar would significantly affect the impact of higher nominal oil prices on the European and global economy.
Razen tega zvišanje cen nafte povzroča tudi prerazporeditev prihodkov v korist držav izvoznic nafte, ki tako postanejo glavni akterji v okolju globalnih neravnovesij, v katerem recikliranje petrodolarjev že povzroča kopičenje velike količine tujih sredstev.
Furthermore the increase in oil prices also leads to a redistribution of wealth to the oil exporting countries, turning them into major players in the context of global imbalances and the recycling of petrodollars already resulting in the accumulation of substantial foreign assets.
Izvoz evropskega blaga in storitev v države izvoznice nafte se je povečal, kar je omililo negativne vplive zvišanja cen nafte.
Exports of European goods and services to oil exporting countries increased which managed to smoothen the negative impacts of the oil price increases.
Domači energetski trgi morajo izboljšati svojo konkurenčnost zlasti zato, da se znižajo cene.
Domestic energy markets must improve their competitiveness in particular to bring down prices.
Na energetskih trgih prevladuje nekaj nacionalnih podjetij, zasebnih in javnih, opaznih pa je tudi veliko razlik med državami članicami, kar preprečuje razvoj resnično konkurenčnih evropskih trgov.
Energy markets are dominated by a few national companies both private and public and show many differences between the Member States which prevents the development of truly competitive European markets.
EVROPA MORA KONČNO UKREPATI
EUROPE SHOULD FINALLY ACT
Če ne bodo sprejeti nobeni ukrepi, se bo odvisnost Evrope od uvoza energije do leta 2030 povečala s sedanjih 50 % na 71 %, od katerih bo 94 % uvožene nafte, kar bo okrepilo negativne vplive zvišanja in nestanovitnosti cene nafte na evropsko gospodarstvo.
If no measures are taken, by 2030 Europe's dependency on energy imports will increase from currently 50% to 71% with 94% of oil imported, aggravating the negative impacts of the oil price increase and volatility on Europe's economy.
Čeprav so takojšnje gospodarske posledice negativne, lahko nedavni razvoj cen nafte pomeni tudi nove možnosti in priložnosti, nenazadnje ker bodo pripomogle k odmiku od fosilnih goriv, ki se do zdaj z omejenimi okoljskimi ukrepi še ni uresničil.
Though immediate economic consequences are negative, the recent development in oil prices may also represent new chances and opportunities and, not least because they will help in a shift away from fossil fuels which so far has not be achieved through limited environmental measures.
Energetska kriza jasno kaže potencial obetavnih trgov za tehnologije pridobivanja energije iz obnovljivih virov in večanja energetske učinkovitosti v nastajajočih državah in državah v razvoju ter poudarja pozitivne stopnje rasti in zaposlovanja v sektorju obnovljivih virov energije.
The energy crisis clearly illuminates the potential of the promising market of the emerging and developing countries for renewable energy and energy efficiency increasing technologies, and highlights the positive growth and employment rates of renewable energy sector.
Evropa mora končno izkoristiti priložnost in ne sme dovoliti ZDA, da prevzamejo vodstvo na trgu okoljskih tehnologij.
Europe should finally seize its chance and not loose market leadership in environmental technologies to the USA.
· Nadomestne možnosti za obnovljive vire energije
· Substitution opportunities for renewable energies
Komisija je ocenila, da bodo v naslednjih 20 letih potrebne naložbe v višini približno 1 bilijona EUR, da se zadovolji pričakovano povpraševanje po energiji in nadomesti starajoča infrastruktura.
The Commission assessed that investments of around one trillion euros will be needed over the next 20 years to meet expected energy demand and replace ageing infrastructure.
Te naložbe se lahko porabijo za tradicionalne vire energije in izkoriščanje zadnjih rezerv nafte v naslednjih 20 letih ali nove preusmeritve.
These investments can be spent on the traditional energy sources and the exploitation of the last reserves of oil over the coming 20 years or to take a new direction.
PREDLOGI POROČEVALCA
SUGGESTIONS BY THE RAPPORTEUR
V celotni Skupnosti je treba sprožiti razpravo o različnih virih energije, ob upoštevanju vseh stroškov v zvezi s proizvodnjo, shranjevanjem, distribucijo, prevozom, porabo energije in varnostjo oskrbe z energijo ter vidikov v zvezi z varnostjo in odpadki ter prispevanja k podnebnim spremembam, zlasti v zvezi z emisijami CO 2 .
A Community-wide debate on different energy sources, taking into account all costs related to energy production, storage, distribution, transport, consumption and supply security as well as safety and waste aspects and its contribution to climate change in particularly in regard to CO 2 emissions should be started.
Komisija mora nujno sodelovati pri presoji vpliva različnih virov energije in kombinacij energetskih virov v skladu s temi parametri.
The Commission should urgently engage in an impact assessment on different energy sources and portfolio mixes according to these parameters.
Komisija mora predložiti podroben načrt za zmanjšanje odvisnosti EU od uvoza nafte, treba je izdelati načrt za preusmeritev k čisti energiji in zahteva se sprejetje ukrepov za izboljšanje energetske učinkovitosti.
The Commission should propose a detailed plan to reduce the EU's dependence on oil imports and a shift towards clean energy should be elaborated, measures to improve energy-efficiency are urged for.
Multilateralne banke in javne finančne institucije morajo ustanoviti sklade za energetsko učinkovitost, iz katerih se bodo dodeljevala sredstva za projekte na področju energetske učinkovitosti.
Multilateral banks and public financial institutions should create Energy Efficiency Funds granting money for energy efficiency projects.
Cilje energetske učinkovitosti je treba vključiti tudi v druge sektorske politike, zlasti v fiskalno, prometno in kohezijsko politiko.
Energy efficiency objectives should also be integrated in other sectoral policies, especially fiscal policy, transport and cohesion policy.
Treba je predlagati inovativne sisteme financiranja in inovativna pogodbena orodja, kot so mikroposojila in skupna vlaganja zasebnih podjetij in občin, da bi se dejavno vključili lokalni partnerji in nosilci odločanja.
Innovative financing schemes and contractual tools, such as micro-credit and joint ventures between private companies and municipalities, must be proposed in order to involve actively local partners and decision-makers.
Evropska investicijska banka mora okrepiti svoja prizadevanja v zvezi z obnovljivimi viri energije, energetsko učinkovitostjo in oskrbo z energijo; ob upoštevanju nujnosti raznovrstnih virov energije in zavezanosti EU k trajnostnemu razvoju in njene mednarodne zavezanosti k izpolnjevanju Kjotskega protokola, mora Evropska investicijska banka vključiti merilo v zvezi z emisijami CO 2 v svoja merila za izbor ter si za projekte na področju obnovljivih virov energije in energetske učinkovitosti zastaviti še višje cilje.
The EIB should step up its efforts concerning renewable energy, energy efficiency and energy supply; considering the urgency of a diversification of energy sources and the commitment of the EU to sustainable development and to its international commitment to fulfil the Kyoto protocol the EIB should integrate the criteria of CO 2 emissions into their selection criteria and to adopt an even more ambitious target for renewable energy and energy efficiency projects.
Fiskalne politike morajo oblikovati spodbude za povečanje naložb v področja energetske učinkovitosti, obnovljivih virov energije in okolju prijaznih izdelkov ter za dajanje prednosti tem področjem.
Fiscal policies should create incentives to increase investment in and discriminate in favour of energy-efficiency and renewable energies and environmentally friendly products.
Tudi davčni sistemi morajo vključiti načelo „onesnaževalec plača“.
Tax systems should also incorporate the 'polluter pays' principle.
Ker je delež prometnega sektorja pri skupni porabi nafte v EU 56 % in zvišanje cene nafte najbolj vpliva na ta sektor, je treba sprejeti in izvajati okvirno direktivo o energetski učinkovitosti v prometu.
Since the transport sector accounts for 56% of total oil consumption in the EU and is most affected by the oil price increase, a framework directive for energy efficiency in transport should be adopted and implemented.
Prizadevanje za uskladitev zakonodaje o osebnih avtomobilih, vključno z obdavčitvijo vozil, ki je usklajena po vsej Evropi in temelji na emisijah CO 2 , s certifikacijskimi postopki in postopki označevanja ter davčnimi spodbudami za raznovrstnost virov energije.
Move towards a harmonisation of passenger car legislation, including an EU-wide harmonised CO 2 based vehicle taxation with certification and labelling procedures and fiscal incentives to diversify energy sources.
Celovita strategija za postopno odpravo uporabe fosilnih goriv v prometnem sektorju, za spodbujanje uveljavljanja nizkih emisij CO 2 na trgu, uporabe biogoriva najnovejše tehnologije in/ali vozil, ki za pogon uporabljajo biovodik.
A comprehensive strategy to phase out fossil fuel use in transport sector, to promote market penetration of low CO2 emission, the use of the latest technology bio fuels and/or bio hydrogen-fuelled vehicles.
DIALOG O ENERGIJI IN ENERGETSKA DIPLOMACIJA
ENERGY DIALOGUE AND DIPLOMACY
Z zvišanjem cen nafte lahko vključitev načela trajnostnega razvoja v vse politike, vključno s trgovinsko in razvojno politiko, spodbudi evropsko industrijo in inovacije na področju obnovljivih virov energije, energetsko učinkovitih tehnologij in izdelkov ter je v prihodnosti lahko gibalo za rast in zaposlovanje v Evropi in po vsem svetu.
Furthermore with the increase of the oil prices the incorporation of the principle of sustainable development in all its policies including its trade and development policies could give a push to European industry and innovations in the field of renewable energy and energy efficient technologies and products and can in the future be a motor for growth and jobs in Europe and worldwide.
Nenazadnje poročevalec pozdravlja dialog in sodelovanje EU z državami izvoznicami nafte.
Last but not least the rapporteur welcomes the dialogue and cooperation of the EU with oil exporting countries.
To je zelo pomembno za zmanjšanje negotovosti na strani povpraševanja in ponudbe, za olajšanje naložb in odločitev v zvezi z gospodarstvom in energetsko raznovrstnostjo na obeh straneh ter za vzpostavitev ozračja zaupanja in zanesljivosti.
This is of vital importance to decrease uncertainties both on the demand and on the supply side, to facilitate investment and economic and energy diversification decisions on both sides and to create a climate of trust and reliability.
Energetska politika mora biti povezana z zunanjo, razvojno in varnostno politiko
Energy policy must be connected with foreign, development and security policies
Poročevalec meni, da mora biti cilj nove energetske diplomacije EU konstruktiven dialog o varnosti oskrbe z energijo, energetski učinkovitosti in ohranjanju energije z državami izvoznicami nafte, državami, ki so del tranzitne poti, ter vsemi večjimi porabniki energije in zlasti nastajajočimi gospodarstvi, da bi razvili večjo solidarnost v energetski politiki:
The rapporteur is of the opinion that the new energy diplomacy of the EU must aim at a constructive dialogue with countries that are oil exporters, countries which are part of the transit route and all major consumers of energy and notably emerging economies on security of energy supply, efficiency and energy conservation with the aim of developing more solidarity in energy policy:
– solidarnost z EU;
- solidarity with the EU;
– solidarnost z državami v razvoju;
- solidarity with the developing countries;
– solidarnost z vsemi, ki se borijo proti onesnaževanju okolja in podnebnim spremembam.
- solidarity with all those fighting against environmental pollution and climate change.
Z zvišanjem cen nafte lahko vključitev načela trajnostnega razvoja v vse politike, vključno s trgovinsko in razvojno politiko, spodbudi evropsko industrijo in inovacije na področju obnovljivih virov energije ter energetsko učinkovitih tehnologij in izdelkov ter je v prihodnosti lahko gibalo za rast in zaposlovanje v Evropi in po vsem svetu.
Furthermore with the increase of the oil prices the incorporation of the principle of sustainable development in all its policies including its trade and development policies could give a push to European industry and innovations in the field of renewable energy and energy efficient technologies and products and can be a motor for growth and jobs in Europe and worldwide which has a future.
o makroekonomskem učinku dviga cene energije
on macro-economic impact of the increase in the price of energy
3. poudarja, da bodo višje cene energije v prihodnosti stalen pojav, saj svet dosega najvišjo točko proizvodnje nafte (naftni vrh), pa katerem se bo oskrba z nafto začela neizogibno in dolgoročno zmanjševati;
Emphasises that higher energy prices will be a constant feature in the future as the world reaches the point of maximum oil production (peak oil), after which oil supplies will begin their inevitable long-term decline;
8. poziva države članice EU, da oblikujejo skupno energetsko strategijo, z namenom vzpostaviti stabilen in trden svetovni energetski trg ter nuditi najboljše upanje za konec alarmantnega razvoja v zvezi z načini oskrbe z energijo na svetovni ravni;
Calls on the EU Member States to formulate a joint energy strategy in order to assist the emergence of a stable and sound world energy market and offer the best prospect of putting an end to the alarming developments in relation to energy supply methods at world level;
10. poudarja, da zviševanje cen nafte posebej negativno vpliva na nove države in države v razvoju zaradi visoke energetske intenzivnosti in nizke energetske učinkovitosti njihovih gospodarstev ter poudarja pomen agende za trajnostni razvoj v zunanji, trgovinski in razvojni politiki EU;
Stresses that emerging and developing economies are particularly adversely affected by the oil price increase, due to the high energy intensity and low energy efficiency of their economies, and stresses the importance of the sustainable development agenda in the EU's foreign, trade and development policy;
12. poudarja, da morajo strukturni in kohezijski skladi ter okvirni program za inovacije ustrezno obravnavati politike in ukrepe za energetsko učinkovitost; pozdravlja predlog akcijskega načrta za energetsko učinkovitost, da bi s temi instrumenti povečali zasebno financiranje;
Emphasises the need for energy efficiency policies and actions to be properly addressed by the Structural and Cohesion Funds and the Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme; welcomes the Energy Efficiency Action Plan's proposal to leverage private financing via these instruments;
16. poudarja pomen spodbujanja dobro delujočega svetovnega trga nafte in plina, zlasti s pravili in smernicami STO; meni, da bi takšen pristop pomembno prispeval k energetski učinkovitosti in tako zmanjšal naraščajoči pritisk na cene nafte;
Stresses the importance of fostering a well-functioning world market in oil and gas, in particular through WTO rules and guidelines; considers that such an approach would make it possible to make an important contribution to energy efficiency and thus reduce upward pressure on energy prices;