natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Po drugi strani se je tudi pomen EU kot trgovinskega partnerja Srednje Amerike zmanjšal, s 24 % srednjeameriškega izvoza v letu 1990 na 13 % v letu 2001.
The EU’s role as a trading partner with Central America has also diminished, from representing 24% of Central American exports in 1990 to 13% in 2001.
Do tega je prišlo kljub enostranski preferencialni obravnavi, ki jo je EU zagotovila v sklopu sistema splošnih preferencialov.
This despite the unilateral preferential treatment allowed by the EU through its Generalised System of Preferences.
Ponavadi se kot vzrok za to navaja pomanjkanje znanja pri izvajanju norm o izvoru in pridobivanju dovoljenj, kot tudi pomanjkanje konkurenčnosti srednjeameriških podjetij.
The reasons that are usually cited for this are a lack of knowledge on how to apply the rules of origin and obtain certificates, and the lack of competitiveness of Central American enterprises.
V nasprotju s tem trgovinski odnosi s Srednjo Ameriko predstavljajo le 0,6 % izvoza EU.
In the other direction, trade with Central America hardly amounts to 0.6 % of EU exports.
Trenutni odnosi med Evropsko unijo in državami Srednje Amerike so omejeni v okvir Sporazuma o političnem dialogu in sodelovanju, podpisanem v Rimu decembra 2003, katerega osnovni namen je ustvarjanje pogojev za pogajanje o pridružitvenem sporazumu, ki bo izvedljiv in koristen za obe strani in bo vključeval sporazum o prosti trgovini.
Current relations between the European Union and the countries of Central America are conducted in the context of the limited Agreement on Political Dialogue and Cooperation signed in Rome in December 2003, with the basic objective of creating the conditions to negotiate a viable and mutually beneficial association agreement including a free trade agreement.
Za začetek pogajanj o pridružitvenem sporazumu, ki jih je EP predlagal že na drugem in tretjem vrhu EU-LAK leta 2002 v Madridu in leta 2004 v Guadalajari (Mehiko), so se končno odločili na četrtem vrhu na Dunaju.
The opening of negotiations on an association agreement, which Parliament had already proposed at the second and third EU-LAC summits in 2002 (Madrid) and 2004 (Guadalajara, Mexico) was finally decided at the fourth summit in Vienna.
31. odstavek dunajske deklaracije pravzaprav navaja sklep obeh strani o začetku pogajanj o pridružitvenem sporazumu in vzpostavitvi območja proste trgovine.
Paragraph 31 of the Vienna decoration contains the decision of the parties to open negotiations on an association agreement, including the establishment of a free trade area.
Zato se je Srednja Amerika zavezala, da bo pričela z izvajanjem odločitev, ki so jih 9. marca 2006 v Panami sprejeli predsedniki srednjeameriških držav, skušala ratificirati srednjeameriško pogodbo o naložbah in storitvah ter razvila pravni mehanizem, ki bo zagotavljal izvajanje gospodarske regijske zakonodaje v celotni regiji.
Central America thus undertook to apply the decisions adopted by the Heads of Central American States on 9 March 2006 in Panama, to seek ratification of the Central American Treaty on investments and services and to develop an enforcement mechanism to ensure that regional economic legislation would apply to the whole region.
V procesu bo sodelovala tudi Panama, takoj ko bo sporočila formalno odločitev o pridružitvi k procesu gospodarske integracije Srednje Amerike.
Panama will also participate in the process as soon as it has issued a formal decision on membership of the Central American economic integration process (SIECA).
Srednja Amerika: več kot le prosta trgovina
Central America : much more than free trade
Poročevalec meni, da je v okviru novega pridružitvenega sporazuma bolj kot kadarkoli aktualna potreba po utrditvi demokratičnih procesov v Srednji Ameriki in povečanju učinkovitosti demokratičnih uprav in institucij, še posebej sodne veje in njene neodvisnosti, uporabi vseh instrumentov pravne države v boju proti nasilju, korupciji in nekaznovanosti ter kršitvam človekovih pravic in izboljšavi socialne kohezije ter življenjskih pogojev vseh prebivalcev regije.
In the light of the new association agreement, your rapporteur considers that there is a more urgent need than ever to consolidate democratic processes in Central America, to reinforce the effectiveness and resources of democratic administrations and institutions, particularly the judiciary and its independence, to use all the instruments of the rule of law to tackle violence, corruption, impunity and human rights infringements, and to improve social cohesion and living conditions for all the region’s inhabitants.
Z drugimi besedami novi pridružitveni sporazum obe strani sooča z resničnimi odgovornostmi.
In other words, the new association agreement gives real responsibilities to both parties.
Na drugi strani pa morajo srednjeameriške države ohranjati in spoštovati sprejete sporazume na področju vzpostavljanja miru, demokratizacije in integracije, izpeljati morajo vse napovedane reforme in doseči resnično integracijo, ki bo omogočala koriščenje vseh možnih političnih, gospodarskih in socialnih prednosti pridružitvenega sporazuma.
The Central American countries need to uphold and fulfil their undertakings with regard to peacemaking, democratisation and integration, implement all the reforms that were decided, and advance towards real integration, making it possible to enjoy all possible political, economic and social advantages of the new association agreement.
Ta mora dokončno prispevati k doseganju uravnoteženih in koherentnih odnosov med EU in Srednjo Ameriko, ki bodo temeljili na vseh legitimnih interesih obeh strani.
This should make a decisive contribution to achieving balanced and coherent relations between the EU and Central America, based on all the legitimate interests of both parties.
Prihodnji pridružitveni sporazum ne sme spregledati velikega gospodarskega, političnega in družbenega primanjkljaja velike večine srednjeameriških držav, prav tako ne sme prezreti razlik v razvitosti obeh regij ter značilnosti njunih gospodarskih odnosov: koncentracija regionalne trgovine v redkih državah, visoka odvisnost od izvoza tradicionalnih proizvodov ter zmanjšana raven neposrednih tujih naložb Evropske unije v regiji (desetkrat nižja od naložb Severne Amerike).
The future association agreement cannot overlook the serious economic, political and social deficit in most Central American countries, nor ignore the differences in development between the two regions, or the nature of their economic relations: regional trade concentrated on a small number of countries, high dependency on exports of traditional products and low levels of EU DFI in the region (hardly a tenth of the amount of North American investment).
Zaradi asimetrij med obema partnerjema obstaja strah, da bo prihodnji pridružitveni sporazum omejen zgolj na preprost sporazum o prosti trgovini, ki bo omenjene asimetrije in neenakosti med srednjeameriškimi državami le še poglobil.
In view of the existing imbalances between both partners, there is a fear that the future association agreement could be limited to a simple free trade agreement, which would further exacerbate the asymmetries and imbalances between the Central American countries.
To vsekakor ni v interesu obeh strani, ki v 31. odstavku dunajske deklaracije izrecno poudarjata, da je skupni cilj skleniti globalni pridružitveni sporazum in upata, da bodo pogajanja hitro napredovala in da bo pridružitveni sporazum mogoče čim prej pričeti učinkovito izvajati.
This is certainly not what the parties want, since in Paragraph 31 of the Vienna Declaration they expressly stated the common objective of concluding a comprehensive association agreement and hoped that negotiations would make rapid progress so that the future association agreement could take effect as soon as possible.
Da bi torej potrdili, da Evropska unija ne namerava doseči zgolj sporazuma, podobnega srednjeameriškemu sporazumu o prosti trgovini, je treba prihodnji pridružitveni sporazum osnovati na skupnem interesu, ki bo temeljil na političnem in gospodarskem sporazumu z regijo in posameznimi državami, upoštevajoč asimetrijo in obstoječe neenakosti med obema regijama in med ter znotraj različnih srednjeameriških držav ter ki bo vseboval glavna določila glede sodelovanja in razvoja.
To reaffirm the conviction that the European Union is not proposing only to negotiate a treaty similar to the CAFTA, it is essential to base the future association agreement on the common interest resulting from a political and economic association with the region and its separate countries, taking account of the existing asymmetry and inequalities between the two regions and amongst and within the various Central American countries, and it should also include key provisions on development cooperation.
Izvajanje takšnega pridružitvenega sporazuma med tako različnimi partnerji ne more in ne sme že od vsega začetka temeljiti na popolni recipročnosti pri dostopu do trgov, saj je očitno, da proizvodni sektor držav vključenih v sistem srednjeameriške integracije ne bi prenesel krute konkurence, ki bi bila posledica popolne recipročnosti.
Conclusion of an association agreement between such disparate partners could not be based from the outset on absolute reciprocity of access to markets, since it is obvious that the production network of the SICA countries would not withstand the formidable free competition which would result from absolute reciprocity.
Zato bi določitev dovolj dolgih prehodnih obdobij, dovoljevanje izjem pri določenih proizvodih ter močna podpora EU pri preoblikovanju proizvodnje v regiji imeli pozitivne posledice za obe strani.
Instead, setting sufficiently long transitional periods, establishing exceptions for certain sensitive products and strong EU support for changing the region’s production sector would undoubtedly produce beneficial results for both sides.
Takšna rešitev bi pripomogla in pomagala srednjeameriškemu gospodarstvu pri razvoju, diverzifikaciji in resnični ter postopni integraciji znotraj svetovnega gospodarstva.
Such a solution would contribute to the Central American economy and help it to develop, diversify and gradually and truly integrate itself into the international economy as a whole.
Glavni izzivi prihodnjega pridružitvenega sporazuma
The main challenges for the future association agreement
Prvi izziv je povezan s šibko gospodarsko rastjo srednjeameriških gospodarstev.
The first challenge concerns the weak economic growth of the Central American economies.
V zadnjih letih je gospodarska rast na prebivalca v omenjenih državah komaj dosegala 0,6 % (glede na podatke komisije Združenih narodov za gospodarsko Latinsko Ameriko iz leta 2005), kar je popolnoma nezadovoljivo za doseganje razvojnih ciljev tisočletja.
In recent years these countries’ per capita growth has hardly reached an average of 0.6% (according to ECLAC data in 2005), which is totally insufficient to reach the Millennium Development Goals.
Visoke ravni revščine v Srednji Ameriki so še vedno podobne ravnem iz devetdesetih let, neenakosti pa so se še povečale.
In fact, poverty levels in Central America continue as high as in the 1990s, and inequalities have increased.
Na ta način revščina in neenakost predstavljata jasno grožnjo krepitvi demokracije.
Thus, poverty and inequality constitute a clear threat to the consolidation of democracy.
Čeprav se je v zadnjih petnajstih letih preko svobodnih volitev vzpostavilo nekaj demokratičnih režimov, nizka volilna udeležba, nezaupanje v javne institucije in v politične stranke, zaskrbljujoča korupcija in nekaznivost ter pomanjkanje vpliva državljanov in civilne družbe na politično in socialno življenje v večini držav ne dovoljujejo optimističnih napovedi.
Although during the last 15 years democratic regimes have been built up through free electoral processes, the low turnout of voters, discredited public institutions and political parties, the prevailing corruption and impunity and the low incidence of citizenship and civil society in the political and social life of most of the countries do not make it possible to come to an optimistic conclusion.
Za majhna srednjeameriška gospodarstva predstavlja njihova omejena velikost velik izziv pri vključevanju v mednarodno trgovino.
Because of their limited size, small Central American economies face serious challenges when it comes to integration into international trade.
Večina držav v regiji ni zmožna izkoristiti priložnosti, ki jih nudita odprtje trga in privabljanje naložb, ter obenem omejiti možnih tveganj.
Most of the countries in the region are not in a position to enjoy the opportunities offered by open markets and attracting investments and at the same time to withstand the possible risks.
Razlog sta omejen notranji trg in slabo razvito gospodarstvo, ki vplivata na konkurenčnost držav v regiji ter onemogočata podjetjem, da dosežejo ekonomijo obsega; zato so bolj občutljiva na trgovinska nihanja in na tuje naložbe; prav tako so stroški za njihovo notranje preoblikovanje zelo visoki.
This is due to their limited internal market and the weak development of their economies, which affects the competitiveness of the region’s countries; it is difficult for their enterprises to make economies of scale, which makes them more vulnerable to market fluctuations and foreign investment, and in addition makes internal change expensive.
Resničen izziv trgovskega dela pridružitvenega sporazuma je doseči postopen dostop do evropskih trgov pod konkurenčnimi pogoji ter preprečiti, da prihodnji sporazum še poveča obstoječe asimetrije.
To achieve gradual access to European markets under competitive conditions , without the future agreement exacerbating existing imbalances, is a real challenge to the trade part of the association agreement.
Od evropske strani to zahteva posebno, diferencirano in prilagodljivo obravnavo pri določanju rokov , na podlagi obveznosti in izboljšanja konkurenčnosti srednjeameriških držav, s pomočjo ukrepov Evropske unije za podporo, kot so prenos tehnologije, vključitev nacionalnih zahtev v predpise o poreklu ter vzpostavitev programov sodelovanja in tehnične pomoči.
On the European side, it requires special, variable and flexible treatment as regards the time limit to be established , depending on the commitments and improvements in the competitiveness achieved by the Central American countries, as a result of EU support measures such as technology transfer, the inclusion of home-country content requirements in rules of origin and the creation of cooperation and technical assistance programmes.
Treba je zagotoviti dejansko povezanost med prosto trgovino, ki jo določa pridružitveni sporazum, ter cilji trajnostnega razvoja ter socialne kohezije, ki so temelj politike EU v regiji.
It is important to ensure that there is a positive link between the free trade envisaged in the association agreement and the objectives of sustainable development and social cohesion that underlie the EU’s action in the region.
K temu lahko pripomorejo priznavanje asimetrij s posebno, diferencirano obravnavo, prehodnimi obdobji, izjemami in drugimi trgovinskimi instrumenti, kot je podpora proizvodni preobrazbi in konkurenčnosti.
Recognition of imbalances through special and variable treatment, transitional periods, exceptions and other trade instruments as well as support for changes in the production sector and competitiveness can make a contribution.
Prav tako pa je treba zagotoviti minimalne delovne in okoljske standarde, ki jih določa sedanja shema GSP plus.
But it is also necessary to guarantee minimum employment and environmental standards, as envisaged in the current GSP+.
Zagotoviti je treba, da se ta sistem spodbud, ki se je izkazal za koristnega, trajno vključi v pridružitveni sporazum ter da se vzpostavijo učinkoviti mehanizmi za zagotavljanje pravnomočnosti.
It is important to ensure that this system of incentives that has proved useful is permanently enshrined in the association agreement and that effective mechanisms are set up to ensure that it is applied.
Dosežki in izzivi regionalnega integracijskega procesa v Srednji Ameriki
Achievements and challenges of the regional integration process in Central America
Za trenutno stanje regijskega integracijskega procesa sta značilni šibka regijska institucionalizacija ter gospodarska integracija, ki jo bolj opredeljujejo gospodarske posledice globalizacije in širitev regijskih trgov, kot pa močne institucije in razvite skupne politike.
The current state of the process of regional integration is characterised by weak regional institutions , with economic integration focused more on the economic consequences of globalisation and the expansion of regional markets than on strong institutions and the development of common policies.
Kot dokaz za to se pogosto navaja odvisnost od ZDA, ki se s srednjeameriškim sporazumom o prosti trgovini še slabša, saj ta ZDA omogoča še enostavnejše trgovanje in vlaganje v Srednji Ameriki brez okrepitve regionalne integracije; še več, Srednja Amerika je tista, ki se bo morala prilagoditi novim normam in določilom srednjeameriškega sporazuma o prosti trgovini in pri tem tvegati, da integracija pri tem postane nepomembna.
The evidence usually cited is the region’s dependence on the United States, exacerbated in the light of the CAFTA, which facilitates trade and US investment in Central America without necessarily strengthening regional integration; worse still, regional integration will have to adapt to the new legislation and provisions of the CAFTA, with the risk that integration will become irrelevant.
Bolj kot kadarkoli je treba integraciji zagotoviti pomembno vlogo v skupnih politikah, ki bodo omogočile izboljšanje konkurenčnosti, proizvodnje in zaposlenosti, ter na ta način spodbujale trajnostni razvoj v regiji.
It is more vital than ever to ensure that integration plays a relevant role through common policies which make it possible to improve competitiveness, production and employment and in this way to promote sustainable development in the region.
Integracijski proces v Srednji Ameriki je napravil pomembne korake z vzpostavitvijo sistema srednjeameriške integracije s protokolom podpisanim v Tegucigalpi decembra 1991, ki je pričel veljati 26. marca 1996 in je v proces vnesel politično dimenzijo (sistem srednjeameriške integracije vzpostavlja vez med mirom, demokracijo, pravno državo, gospodarskim in socialnim razvojem ter regijsko integracijo) ter presegel strogo gospodarski značaj prejšnjih desetletij.
The process of integration in Central America has made substantial progress with the creation of the Central American Integration System (SICA) by the Tegucigalpa Protocol in December 1991, which came into force on 26 March 1996, emphasised the political dimension of the process (since SICA establishes an explicit link between peace, democracy, the rule of law, economic and social development and regional integration) and went further than the strictly economic considerations of previous decades.
Ustanovitev srednjeameriških integracijskih organov in institucij, kot so Generalni sekretariat sistema srednjeameriške integracije, PARLACEN in srednjeameriško sodišče, so koraki v pravo smer, vendar pa srednjeameriška integracija ostaja bolj shema medvladnega sodelovanja , ki ne ustvarja zavezujočih skupnih norm, ampak politične sporazume, katerih končna učinkovitost je odvisna od odločitev posameznih vlad, ali jih bodo izvajale ali ne.
The establishment of Central American integration bodies and institutions such as the SICA Secretariat, PARLACEN and the Central American Court of Justice were steps in the right direction, but what is certain is that Central American integration still tends to be an intergovernmental cooperation scheme that does not generate binding community laws but political agreements, and their final effectiveness depends on the decision of the relevant governments whether to apply them or not.
Čeprav je v zadnjem času prišlo do pomembnega napredka na področju carinske unije , ta napredek ogroža odsotnost skupne trgovinske politike, kot je to pokazal podpis sporazumov s tretjimi državami – sporazumi o prosti trgovini – kjer je vsaka država določila drugačne carinske tarife.
Although recently major advances have been made with regard to the Customs Union , what is certain is that this progress is threatened by the lack of a common trade policy, as has been shown by the signature of trade agreements with third countries – free trade agreements – in which each Central American country has set separate tariffs.
Zato Srednja Amerika potrebuje nov pristop k resnično nadnacionalni regijski integraciji , ki bo bolj učinkovit, reprezentativen in legitimen, bližji družbeni in teritorialni realnosti, namenjen izboljšanju regijskih gospodarskih pogojev in povečanju socialne kohezije in bo omogočil soočanje z regijskimi izzivi, ki jih prinašata srednjeameriški sporazum o prosti trgovini in pridružitveni sporazum z EU.
Central America needs a new focus on regional integration that would be truly supranational, more effective, representative and legitimate, more in line with social and geographical reality, focused on improving regional economic conditions and increasing social cohesion, and with greater capacities to allow the region to tackle the challenge presented by both the CAF and the association agreement with the EU.
Razvojno sodelovanje Unije s Srednjo Ameriko
EU development cooperation with Central America
Evropska Komisija je glavni darovalec nepovratnih donacij v Srednji Ameriki: proračun za obdobje 2002–2006 je predvidel 563,2 milijona evrov, čemur je treba prišteti še 74,5 milijona evrov iz memoranduma o soglasju med Komisijo in generalnim sekretariatom sistema srednjeameriške integracije ter še 250 milijonov evrov, zbranih po orkanu Mitch v okviru Programa za rekonstrukcijo Srednje Amerike.
The Commission is the main donor of non-reimbursable subsidies in Central America: the budget for the 2002-2006 period was €563.2 million, to which should be added €74.5 million from the memorandum of understanding between the Commission and the SICA Secretariat, and another €250 million mobilised after hurricane Mitch in the Central American reconstruction programme.
Nadaljnjih 47 milijonov je bilo zbranih za potres, ki je kasneje razdejal Salvador, in še nekaj deset milijonov evrov preko drugih različnih programov in horizontalnih proračunskih postavk.
Another €47 million was mobilised for the earthquake which later devastated El Salvador, and some further tens of millions of euro have been channelled through various different programmes and horizontal budget lines.
Najmanj kar lahko rečemo je, da nova strategija za sodelovanje Unije s Srednjo Ameriko v obdobju 2007–2013 pomeni jasno nasprotje med opredeljenimi izzivi regije (slaba kakovost demokracije, šibka socialna kohezija, okoljska ranljivost, šibkost sistema srednjeameriške integracije), glavnim ciljem strategije (podpora regijski integraciji za pripravo prihodnjega pridružitvenega sporazuma) ter razpoložljivimi sredstvi (nov predlog modela za sodelovanje preko proračunske pomoči v državah s šibkim sistemom demokratičnih institucij in pomanjkanjem transparentnosti in s tem povezanim izginjanjem sredstev).
The least that can be said is that the new EU cooperation strategy for Central America in the period 2007 - 2013 represents a clear contradiction between the challenges identified in the region (poor quality of democracy, weak social cohesion, environmental vulnerability, weakness of the SICA), the main objective of the strategy (support for regional integration to prepare for the future association agreement) and the resources made available (new model of cooperation proposed through budget support in countries with weak democratic institutions and poor transparency, with a consequent risk that funds will be misappropriated).
Zaželeno je, da sodelovanje med Unijo in Srednjo Ameriko postane eden od ključnih stebrov za prihodnji pridružitveni sporazum, ki bo tako prispeval k resničnemu razvoju ožine.
It is therefore to be hoped that EU cooperation with Central America will come to constitute one of the fundamental pillars for the future association agreement, thus contributing to the genuine development of the Central American isthmus.