natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
52. predlaga, da se večja pozornost nameni gospodarskemu in socialnemu napovedovanju, da bi lahko ocenili gospodarske in socialne učinke mednarodnih trgovinskih sporazumov, tako s količinskega kot kakovostnega vidika; meni, da je pomoč pri procesu odločanja bistvena tako pri pogajanjih kot pri napovedovanju gospodarskih posledic sporazumov, ki lahko vplivajo na države članice in določene sektorje gospodarstva;
Suggests that emphasis be placed on economic and social forecasting with a view to measuring, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the economic and social impact of the developments resulting from international trade agreements; takes the view that this aid to decision-making is essential both to help negotiation and to anticipate economic consequences of the agreements that may affect the Member States and economic sectors concerned;
56. izraža pripravljenost, da preko različnih stikov, ki jih članice lahko vzdržujejo z ustreznimi telesi v državah, s katerimi Evropska unija deli interese, pozitivno prispeva k pogajalskemu procesu;
States its willingness to contribute positively to the negotiating process through the various contacts its Members have with their counterparts from countries with which the EU shares common interests;
59. naroči svojemu predsedniku, naj to resolucijo posreduje Svetu in Komisiji ter parlamentom držav članic, držav pristopnic in držav kandidatk, generalnemu direktorju STO in predsedniku Medparlamentarne unije.
Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Council and the Commission and to the parliaments of the Member States, the acceding countries and the applicant countries, the Director-General of the WTO and the President of the Interparliamentary Union.
Heraklit [je rekel], da pomaga tisto, kar se nam protivi, najlepša melodija prihaja iz različnih tonov in vse stvari nastanejo skozi nasprotja"
Heraclitus [said] that ‘‘it is what opposes that helps and from different tones comes the fairest tune and all things are produced through strife’
Aristotel, Nikomahova etika, Knjiga 8I
Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, Book 8I
Ministrska konferenca Svetovne trgovinske organizacije v Hongkongu omejena pričakovanja – skromni rezultati
The Hong Kong Ministerial Conference: limited expectations - modest results
Cilj tega poročila, pripravljenega na lastno pobudo, je ponuditi oceno pogajalskega kroga iz Dohe po šesti ministrski konferenci STO v Hongkongu (13. – 18. december 2005).
The aim of this own-initiative report is to provide an assessment of the Doha Round following the 6th WTO Ministerial Conference in Hong Kong (13-18 December 2005).
Sedanji krog večstranskih trgovinskih pogajanj, ki poteka od novembra 2001, je po skupnih prizadevanjih, da se zaključi pred koncem leta 2006, sedaj stopil v svojo sklepno fazo.
The current round of multilateral trade negotiations has been going on since November 2001 and, given the collective ambition to conclude this round before the end of 2006, it has now entered its final phase.
Prejšnje faze pogajanj – v Dohi, Hongkongu, Cancúnu in Ženevi – so razkrile velike razlike v pričakovanjih, pristopih in strategijah glavnih udeležencev in pokazale na težave, ki na vseh pogajalskih področjih spremljajo prizadevanja za doseganje kar najboljših in uravnoteženih izidov.
The previous phases of the negotiations - from Doha to Hong Kong via Cancún and Geneva - have revealed wide differences in the expectations, approaches and strategies of the main participants, and highlighted the difficulties involved in trying to reach an ambitious and balanced outcome covering all negotiating areas.
Posledica tega je bila, da se je napredek večkrat izkazal kot varljiv, mnogi vmesni roki so bili zamujeni in pogajanja niso tako napredovala, kot bi upali in pričakovali.
As a result, progress has often proven elusive, many intermediate deadlines have been missed and negotiations have not been brought as much forward as one could have hoped and expected.
Zaradi popolnega poloma pete ministrske konference v Cancúnu septembra 2003 in nedodelanega okvira, ki ga je sprejel generalni svet STO avgusta 2004, je bil začetni cilj srečanja v Hongkongu jasneje določiti ta okvir in doseči preboj z določitvijo načinov pristopa k številnim ključnim pogajalskim področjem, kot so kmetijstvo, dostop do trga nekmetijskih izdelkov in storitev, pa tudi doseči sporazum o obsežnem razvojnem paketu ter obenem spodbujati napredek v drugih delih pogajanj.
Because of the complete failure of the 5th Ministerial Conference in Cancún in September 2003 and the sketchy character of the Framework adopted by the WTO General Council in August 2004, the initial objective of the Hong Kong meeting was to consolidate the latter and to achieve a breakthrough by defining modalities in a number of key negotiating areas, such as agriculture, non-agricultural market access and services, and to agree on a significant development package, while encouraging progress in other chapters of the negotiations.
Ker pa so ključna vprašanja v zvezi z dostopom na trg kmetijskih izdelkov predolgo tičala na mrtvi točki in ker ostali pomembni akterji niso pokazali dovolj prožnosti, je bilo treba raven pričakovanj, vezanih na ta dogodek, znižati, in celo preden se je ministrska konferenca začela, je postalo jasno, da bo možno doseči le skromne rezultate.
Due to a persistent stalemate on the key issue of agricultural market access and a lack of flexibility on the part of other major players, however, the level of ambition for this event had to be eventually scaled down and it became clear, even before the Ministerial Conference started, that only modest results could be achieved.
Parlamentarno spremljanje pogajanj v Hongkongu – Evropski parlament je v Hongkongu zastopala parlamentarna delegacija – je 15. decembra 2005 privedlo do sprejetja skupne deklaracije Medparlamentarne unije in Evropskega parlamenta.
Parliamentary monitoring of the Hong Kong negotiations - the European Parliament being represented in Hong Kong by a delegation of MEPs - led to the adoption of a joint declaration by the Inter-Parliamentary Union and the European Parliament on 15 December 2005.
Čeprav je bil ta prispevek nedvomno pozitiven, sedanja ureditev po kakovostni plati še vedno ne premore ustreznega foruma, ki bi zagotovil demokratično odgovornost in odprtost STO.
Although this contribution was undoubtedly positive, the current arrangements still fall short, in qualitative terms, of a proper forum to ensure WTO democratic accountability and openness.
Delegaciji Evropskega parlamenta so bile v pomoč informacije o pogajalski strategiji Evropske unije in splošnem napredku, doseženem na pogajanjih pred in med konferenco v Hongkongu, ki sta ji jih posredovala Evropska komisija in predsedstvo Združenega kraljestva.
The European Parliament delegation was assisted by the information provided by the Commission and the United Kingdom Presidency regarding the EU negotiating strategy and the general progress achieved in the negotiations before and during the Hong Kong Conference.
To poročilo govori o omejenih rezultatih, doseženih v Hongkongu.
The present report comments upon the limited results achieved in Hong Kong.
Opozarja tudi na veliko količino dela, ki ga je še treba opraviti, vsebuje sporočilo podpore pogajalcem Evropske unije in usmerja pozornost na naslednje faze pogajanj.
It also draws attention to the considerable work that remains to be done, contains a message of support to the EU negotiators and is intended to focus attention in view of the next phases of the negotiations.
Rezultati konference po temah
Results of the Conference by Subject
Ta del temelji na besedilu ministrske deklaracije s posebnim sklicevanjem na pogajalska izhodišča Evropske unije.
This section is based on the text of the Ministerial Declaration, with special reference to EU negotiating positions.
2.1 Kmetijstvo
2.1 Agriculture
Vprašanje kmetijskih izdelkov je veliko držav v razvoju in razvitih držav označilo kot ključno za celotna pogajanja, s čimer sta Evropska unija in še posebej ZDA prešli v defenzivo.
The question of agricultural products was designated by a number of developing and developed countries as crucial to the negotiations as a whole, placing the EU and the US in particular on the defensive.
Zato je bilo potrebno, če naj bi pogajanja na drugih področjih napredovala, preseči ta zastoj.
It was therefore necessary to break this deadlock if negotiations in other areas were to make any progress.
Konferenca v Hongkongu je, kot je navedeno v nadaljevanju, nudila dragocen prispevek k nekaterim vidikom obravnavanega sklopa vprašanj:
The Hong Kong Conference made a valuable contribution on certain aspects of this dossier as indicated below:
· Dosežen je bil sporazum o dokončni odpravi vseh oblik izvoznih subvencij do leta 2013, ko naj bi se končala tudi sedaj veljavna ureditev področja AKP.
· Agreement was reached on the definitive elimination of all forms of export subsidies by 2013, the year in which current CAP arrangements are due to end.
Vendar pa bo ta datum, zato da bi zagotovili vzporednost med izvoznimi nadomestili in drugimi oblikami izvoznih subvencij, kot so na primer izvozni krediti, izvozna državna trgovinska podjetja in pomoč v hrani, potrjen šele po izpolnitvi ustreznih predpisov s področja teh dejavnosti.
In order to ensure parallelism between export refunds and other forms of export subsidies, such as export credits, exporting state trading enterprises and food aid, however, this date will only be confirmed upon completion of appropriate disciplines on these practices.
Druga vprašanja, kot na primer občutna znižanja subvencij, do katerih naj bi prišlo pred letom 2013, tudi še ostajajo nerešena.
Other issues, such as the substantial subsidy cuts to be made before 2013, also remain to be settled.
· Glede domače podpore je bilo sklenjeno, da se določijo trije pasovi za znižanje in izvede večje linearno zmanjšanje na višjih ravneh pomoči (višji pasovi).
· Regarding domestic support, there was agreement on the fixing of three bands for reductions and on greater linear cuts in the higher levels of support (higher bands).
Videti je tudi, da je prišlo do določenega zbližanja stališč glede skupnih ukrepov podpore (AMS), glede celotnega znižanja domače pomoči, ki izkrivlja trgovino, in glede meja de minimis .
There also appears to be some convergence concerning cuts to be made in Final Bound Total Aggregate Measure of Support (AMS), the overall cut in trade-distorting domestic support, and the de minimis limits.
Poleg tega so se dogovorili za pregled meril "zelenega paketa".
A review of the Green Box criteria was also agreed.
· V zvezi s zapletenim vprašanjem dostopa na trg, na primer znižanjem kmetijskih tarif, ni bil dosežen bistven napredek.
· On the difficult issue of market access, i.e. the reduction of agricultural tariffs, no substantive progress was made.
Videti je, da je prišlo do dogovora o sprejetju štiripasovnega sistema nižanja tarif, vendar ne na mejah omenjenih pasov, do dogovora o velikosti znižanj in o drugih vprašanjih, kot so izbira in posebno obravnavanje občutljivih izdelkov, delovanje posebnega varnostnega mehanizma itd.
There appears to be agreement on the adoption of four bands for structuring tariff cuts, but not on the limits of those bands, the magnitude of the cuts, and other issues such as the selection and special treatment of sensitive products, the operation of the Special Safeguard Mechanism, etc.
· Omenjeno je bilo nadaljevanje dela na področju geografskih označb (vzpostavitev registra za vina in žgane pijače ter razširitev zaščite geografskih označb na druge izdelke), vendar napredek na tem za EU ključnem področju ni bil zabeležen.
· Reference was made to the continuation of work in relation to geographical indications (establishment of a register for wines and spirits and extension of GI protection to other products), but no progress has been recorded on this issue of crucial importance for the EU.
· V zvezi z bombažem so se dogovorili, da bodo razvite države v letu 2006 ukinile izvozne subvencije in bodo izvozu bombaža iz najmanj razvitih držav omogočile carin prost dostop brez kvot, in to od začetka obdobja veljavnosti tega ukrepa dalje.
· On the specific subject of cotton, it was agreed that export subsidies would be eliminated by developed countries in 2006, and that these countries would give duty and quota free access for cotton exports from LDCs from the commencement of the implementation period.
Vendar pa ni bil dosežen nikakršen premik na pomembnem področju domače podpore.
However, no progress was made on the important issue of domestic support.
2.2 Dostop do nekmetijskega trga (NAMA)
2.2 Non-Agricultural Market Access (NAMA)
Delni napredek pri nekmetijskih pogajanjih je do neke mere zadostil potrebi EU in drugih razvitih držav po sprejetju postopnega nižanja tarif in privedel do sprejetja 'švicarske formule' za odpravo ali znižanje tarif.
The limited progress made in the agricultural negotiations helped to satisfy, to a certain extent, the demand of the EU and other developed countries for the acceptance of a progressive reduction in tariffs, leading to the adoption of a ‘Swiss Formula’ for the elimination or reduction of tariffs.
Dogovorili so se tudi za posebno obravnavo držav v razvoju, ki bo na področju nižanja tarif vključila načelo asimetrične vzajemnosti.
There was also agreement on special treatment for developing countries, including asymmetrical reciprocity arrangements regarding tariff reductions.
Čeprav je sprejetje švicarske formule izjemno pomembno, bo težke odločitve, ki se nanašajo na velikost tarifnih znižanj (s sprejetjem količnikov) in na določitev njihove začetne stopnje, potrebno sprejeti do 30. aprila 2006.
While acceptance of the Swiss Formula is a particularly significant development, difficult decisions will have to be reached by 30 April 2006 regarding the magnitude of the tariff reductions (through the adoption of coefficients) and the establishment of base rates for commencing such reductions.
Deklaracija tudi spodbuja člane, da ponudijo predloge za obravnavo netarifnih ovir.
The Declaration also encourages members to submit proposals aimed at addressing the issue of non-tariff barriers (NTBs).
2.3 Storitve
2.3 Services
V zvezi s storitvami je bil zgolj omenjen napredek, dosežen po zaslugi vključitve splošnega sporazuma o trgovini in storitvah (GATS) v sporazum iz avgusta 2004.
On the subject of services, reference was simply made to progress achieved from the establishment of the GATS to the agreement of August 2004.
Podana je bila tudi izjava članic o intenziviranju pogajanj v skladu s prilogo C ministrske deklaracije iz Hongkonga.
A statement was also issued by members concerning the intensification of the relevant negotiations in accordance with Annex C to the Hong Kong Ministerial Declaration.
Konferenca ni dosegla nobenega pomembnega napredka glede nadaljnje liberalizacije mednarodne trgovine in storitev, kar pomeni, da bo sedaj potrebno doseči zelo velik napredek na večstranski in na dvostranski osnovi, če naj bi dosegli cilje pogajalskega kroga iz Dohe.
The Conference failed to make any substantial headway regarding the further liberalisation of international trade in services, which means that spectacular progress must now be made, both on a plurilateral and bilateral basis, if the objectives of the Doha Round are to be achieved.
Za Evropsko unijo je napredek na tem področju izjemno pomemben za razvoj njenega gospodarstva in za zaposlovanje.
For the EU, progress in this sector is of vital importance to the development of its economy and to employment.
2.4 Trgovina in razvoj
2.4 Trade and Development
V zvezi s podporo državam v razvoju in njihovemu lažjemu vključevanju v globalno gospodarstvo je bilo sprejetih veliko sklepov:
Regarding support for developing countries and their smoother integration into the global economy, a number of decisions were taken, such as:
· Odprava – do leta 2008 ali najkasneje do začetka obdobja veljavnosti – tarifnih in količinskih omejitev za izvoz iz najmanj razvitih držav.
· The abolition, by 2008 or no later than the start of the implementation period, of tariff and quantitative restrictions for exports from the LDCs.
Vendar bodo to koncesijo podelile le razvite države in tiste države v razvoju, "ki bodo zase menile, da lahko to storijo", in omejitve se bodo lahko ohranile za do 3 odstotke tarifnih postavk.
However, this concession will only be given by developed countries and developing countries ‘declaring themselves in a position to do so’ and restrictions may be maintained for up to 3 percent of tariff lines.
Ministrska deklaracija se nanaša tudi na ukrepe za olajšanje transakcij in poenostavitev pravil o poreklu, povečanje tehnične podpore, spodbujanje ustanavljanja institucij itd.
The Ministerial Declaration also refers to measures to facilitate transactions and simplify rules of origin, increase technical support, encourage the creation of institutions, etc.
· Bolj aktivno vključevanje STO v napore mednarodnih organizacij in posameznih držav za ureditev področja 'pomoči za trgovino', s čimer bi omogočili najmanj razvitim državam, da okrepijo svoje proizvodne in izvozne zmogljivosti, pa tudi potrebno trgovinsko infrastrukturo.
· The more active involvement of the WTO in efforts by international organisations and individual countries to implement ‘Aid for Trade’ arrangements enabling the LDCs to reinforce their production and export capacity and requisite commercial infrastructure.
· Ponovna ocena in nadaljnja krepitev strategije STO na področju zagotavljanja tehnične pomoči in načrtovanja usposabljanja za države v razvoju.
· The reappraisal and further enhancement of the WTO’s strategy for the provision of Technical Assistance and Training Plans to developing countries.
2.5 Razno
2.5 Other Business
V zvezi z vsemi drugimi vprašanji (na primer s pravili STO, trgovinskimi vidiki pravic intelektualne lastnine (TRIPS), okoljem, trgovinskimi olajšavami, izvajanjem obstoječih sporazumov, malimi gospodarstvi, trgovino in prenosom tehnologij, e-trgovino, sodelovanjem z drugimi mednarodnimi organizacijami itd.) ni konferenca v Hongkongu v bistvu dodala nič novega, je le potrdila pravni red in pozvala sodelujoče članice, naj nadaljujejo in okrepijo pogajanja.
On all other matters (e.g. WTO rules, Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), environment, trade facilitation, implementation of existing agreements, small economies, trade and transfer of technology, e-commerce, cooperation with other international organisations, etc.), the Hong Kong Conference did not, essentially, add anything new, but merely reconfirmed the acquis and called on participating members to continue and step up the negotiations.
Splošna ocena
Overall Assessment
Izid konference v Hongkongu, če gledamo nanjo kot na celoto, lahko glede na okoliščine označimo kot pozitiven, čeprav so dejanski rezultati skromni, saj pri mnogih zelo pomembnih vprašanjih ni prišlo do nikakršnega ustvarjalnega preboja.
Considered as a whole, the outcome of the Hong Kong Conference may, under the circumstances, be regarded as positive, although the actual results were modest, given the absence of any creative breakthroughs on many crucial issues.
Sporazumeli so se o paketu razvojnih ukrepov in, kar je še pomembnejše, države članice so ponovno izrazile zavezanost uspešnemu zaključku pogajalskega kroga do konca leta 2006 in določile številne vmesne roke za dosego tega cilja.
A package of development measures was agreed upon and, even more importantly, members reiterated their commitment to a successful conclusion of the round by the end of 2006 and set a number of intermediate deadlines to achieve this objective.
Evropska unija je še enkrat veliko prispevala k temu pozitivnemu rezultatu, s tem ko je sprejela pogojno zavezo za odpravo izvoznih subvencij najkasneje v letu 2013.
The EU once again made a major contribution to this positive result by accepting a conditional commitment to 2013 as the end-date for the elimination of export subsidies.
Vendar ni jasno, ali je bilo s to koncesijo veliko pridobljeno, bodisi v drugih delih kmetijskih pogajanj ali na drugih ključnih področjih.
It is not clear, however, that much has been obtained in return for this concession, whether in other chapters of the agriculture negotiations or in other key areas.
Večje napredne države v razvoju še naprej zavračajo predlog Evropske unije o dostopu na trg kmetijskih izdelkov, kljub dejstvu, da ta predlog pomeni precejšnje žrtvovanje za naše podeželske skupnosti, in doslej so zavračale tudi vsakršne pomembne koncesije na področju dostopa na trg nekmetijskih izdelkov in storitev.
Major advanced developing countries continue to reject the EU proposal on agricultural market access, despite the considerable sacrifices this proposal entails for our rural communities, and they have thus far refused to make any meaningful concessions in NAMA and services.
Ta odnos je še toliko bolj zaskrbljujoč, če pomislimo, da so to države z najvišjo stopnjo zaščite in da imajo te države v rokah ključ razvoja revnejših držav preko spodbujanja trgovine jug-jug.
This attitude is all the more worrying if one considers that these countries are those which maintain the highest levels of protection and hold the key to the development of poorer countries through the promotion of South-South trade.
Čeprav morajo biti in tudi bodo, skrbi, povezane z razvojem, še naprej v središču teh pogajanj, jih ne sme prekriti enostransko uveljavljanje interesov velikih kmetijskih izvoznikov, niti se ne sme za njimi skrivati protekcionizem.
Although development concerns should and will continue to remain at the heart of these negotiations, they should not be confused with the single-sided advancement of the interests of large agricultural exporters nor be allowed to serve as a cover for protectionism.
Evropska unija je v različnih fazah pogajanj igrala vodilno vlogo pri sprejemanju ukrepov v korist najrevnejših članic, kot so ukrepi za dostop do zdravil, carine prost dostop brez kvot za najmanj razvite države in za bombaž.
The EU has, along the different phases of the negotiations, exercised leadership in the adoption of measures in favour of the poorest members, such as those concerning access to medicines, duty-free quota-free access to markets for LDCs and cotton.
Čeprav so tudi druge članice pred in med ministrsko konferenco v Hongkongu sprejele obveze na teh področjih, te obveze niso tako daljnosežne (carin prost dostop brez kvot, bombaž) oziroma se še ne izvajajo tako dosledno (dostop do zdravil), kot je to v primeru Evropske unije.
Although other members have also accepted commitments on these issues before and during the Hong Kong Ministerial Conference, these commitments are not as far reaching (duty-free quota-free access, cotton) or at the same advanced stage of implementation (access to medicines) as in the case of the EU.
Evropska unija je skupaj z drugimi razvitimi državami članicami predstavila tudi idejo "brezplačni krog" v korist najrevnejših držav; te lahko s takšnimi pobudami veliko pridobijo, med drugim večjo pomoč za trgovino, medtem ko se od njih le malo pričakuje.
The EU has also, alongside other developed country members, launched the idea of a ‘round for free’ in favour of the poorest members which, as a result of all these initiatives, stand to obtain a lot, including in the form of increased aid for trade, and are expected to give little.
Nadaljnje enostranske koncesije Evropske unije na področju kmetijstva bi v tej fazi nedvomno ogrozile izvajanje naše reformirane SKP in bi le malo ali nič koristile tistim državam, za katere je bil razvojni načrt narejen.
Further unilateral EU concessions in agriculture at this stage would clearly jeopardise the implementation of our reformed CAP and be of no or little benefit to those countries for which the development agenda has been designed.