natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
a) za primere dedovanja po večjem številu ljudi, pravo vsake države, v kateri ima vsaka oseba običajno prebivališče v trenutku sklenitve pogodbe.
(b) in the case of several persons’ succession, by the laws of each of the States in which each of those persons has his habitual residence at the time the agreement is concluded.
Bodoči zakonodajni akt bi moral, kar zadeva dedne pogodbe, dopuščati nekoliko svobode, ter strankam dovoliti, da se z izrecno izjavo sporazumejo o tem, da se za dedno pogodbo uporabi pravo države, v kateri ima ena ali več vpletenih oseb običajno prebivališče v času sklenitve pogodbe ali pravo države, katere državljan je ta oseba.
For agreements as to future successions the legislative act to be adopted should also allow some scope for freedom of choice, permitting the parties to agree, by means of an explicit statement, that the agreement as to future successions is to be made subject to the law of the State in which the person or one of the persons involved has his habitual residence at the time when the agreement is concluded or of which he is a national at that time;
Priporočilo 6 (o splošnih vprašanjih o pravu, ki se uporabi)
Recommendation 6 (on general issues regarding the applicable law)
Evropski parlament meni, da bi se moral bodoči zakonodajni akt ukvarjati tudi s splošnimi vprašanji o pravu, ki se uporabi.
The European Parliament considers that the legislative act to be adopted should also deal with general issues regarding the applicable law.
Evropski parlament zlasti meni, da:
In particular, the European Parliament considers that:
- pravo, ki bo določeno v bodočem zakonodajnem aktu bi moralo biti primerno, da zajema ves postopek dedovanja, od začetka postopka do prenosa dediščine na upravičence, ne glede na naravo premoženja in kraj, kjer se premoženje nahaja;
- the law specified in the legislative act to be adopted should be competent to cover, regardless of the nature and location of the estate, the whole succession, from the beginning of the procedure to the transmission of the inheritance to the persons entitled;
- predvideni instrument bi moral učinkovati erga omnes, torej tudi, če je pravo, ki naj se uporabi, pravo kakšne tretje države;
- the future instrument should be erga omnes, that is to say, applicable even if the designated law is the law of a third country;
- za usklajevanje sistema Skupnosti o kolizijskih normah, ki urejajo dedovanje, s sistemom tretjih držav, bi morala predvidena ureditev določati posebna pravila za zavračanje, ki bi določala, da ko je pravo, ki se uporabi za dedovanje, pravo tretje države, kolizijska pravila te države pa odkazujejo na pravo države članice ali pravo kake tretje države, ki bi lahko, skladno s sistemom mednarodnega zasebnega prava, v zadevnem primeru uporabila svoje pravo, se uporabi pravo te druge države članice ali, če je primerno, tretje države;
- for the purpose of coordinating the Community system of conflict rules governing succession with those of third countries, the prospective regulation should lay down specific rules concerning renvoi, establishing that, where the law applicable to the succession is the law of a third country and that country’s conflict rules designate the law of a Member State or the law of another third country which, according to the system of international private law, could also apply its own law to the case in question, the law of that other Member State or, if appropriate, of that other third country, should apply;
- bodoči zakonodajni akt bi moral pojasniti načine in sredstva, s pomočjo katerih organi, ki morajo uporabiti tuje pravo, ugotovijo njegovo vsebino, ter ukrepe v primeru, da te vsebine ni mogoče ugotoviti;
- the legislative act to be adopted should specify the ways and means by which the authorities required to apply a foreign law are to ascertain its content, as well as the remedies in the event of failure to ascertain that content;
- bodoči zakonodajni akt bi moral kot pravo, ki se uporabi za rešitev predhodnega vprašanja, določiti pravo, na katerega odkazujejo ustrezni kolizijski predpisi o dedovanju; ob tem bi moralo biti jasno, da je mogoče rešitev takega predhodnega vprašanja uporabiti le v postopku, v katerem se to vprašanje pojavi;
- the legislative act to be adopted should make the settlement of a preliminary issue subject to the law designated by the relevant conflict rules of the law applicable to the succession, making it clear that the solution will be valid only as regards the proceedings in which the preliminary issue arises;
- bodoči zakonodajni akt bi moral določati, da je mogoče izključiti uporabo nekaterih določb prava, ki se uporabi, če bi taka uporaba sprožila učinek, ki nasprotuje javnemu redu države sodišča;
- the legislative act to be adopted should specify that application of a provision of the applicable law may be ruled out if such application would produce an effect manifestly contrary to the public policy of the forum.
- bodoči zakonodajni akt bi moral določati, da v primerih, ko ima država dva ali več pravnih sistemov ali sklopov predpisov, ki zadevajo dedovanje in oporoke, ki veljajo v različnih ozemeljskih enotah, je treba za namene ugotavljanja prava, ki se uporabi za dedovanje, vsako od teh enot obravnavati kot državo.
- the future legislative act should specify that where a State has two or more systems of law or sets of rules concerning succession and wills applicable in different territorial units, each territorial unit is to be considered as a country for the purposes of identifying the law applicable to the succession.
Bodoči zakonodajni akt bi moral, kar zadeva take države, nadalje določati, da:
Furthermore, the future legislative act should specify, with regard to such a State, that:
a) vsako sklicevanje na običajno prebivališče v teh državah je treba razumeti kot sklicevanje na običajno prebivališče v ozemeljski enoti;
(a) any reference to habitual residence in that State is to be construed as a reference to habitual residence in a territorial unit;
b) vsako sklicevanje na državljanstvo je treba razumeti kot sklicevanje na ozemeljsko enoto, na katero odkazuje pravo te države.
(b) any reference to nationality is to be construed as a reference to the territorial unit designated by the law of that State.
Ob odsotnosti takih določb je treba sklicevanje razumeti kot sklicevanje na pravni sistem, s katerim je imela zadevna oseba najtesnejšo zvezo.
In the absence of such rules, the reference shall be construed as a reference to the legal system with which the person in question had the closest connection;
Priporočilo 7 (o "evropskem potrdilu o dedovanju")
Recommendation 7 (on the European certificate of inheritance)
Evropski parlament meni, da mora bodoči instrument stremeti k poenostavitvi postopkov, ki jim morajo dediči in volilojemalci slediti, da stopijo v posest premoženja, ki sestavlja zapuščino, predvsem s pomočjo:
The European Parliament considers that the prospective instrument must aim to simplify the procedures to be followed by heirs and legatees in order to gain possession of the property comprising the estate, particularly by:
- načrtovanja določb mednarodnega zasebnega prava, ki bodo zagotavljala učinkovito usklajevanje pravnih ureditev na področju upravljanja, izplačila in prenosa zapuščine, kot tudi ugotavljanja istovetnosti dedičev, z določbami, ki bodo predpisovale: da morajo biti ti vidiki dedovanja, z izjemami zaradi narave kakšne vrste premoženja ali njegove lokacije, urejeni s pravom, ki se uporabi za dedovanje; da v kolikor to pravo predvideva poseg organa, ki ga določi pravo samo, ali ki se ga določi na njegovi podlagi, je pristojnost tega organa priznana v vseh državah članicah; da, v kolikor je pravo, ki se uporabi za dedovanje, pravo države članice, se pristojnosti takega organa raztezajo na vse premoženje, kjerkoli se nahaja, tudi v primeru, da je ta pristojnost, v skladu s pravom, ki se uporabi za dedovanje, omejena na premično premoženje, razen v kolikor oporočitelj določi drugače; da je mogoče ukrepe s področja delovanja organov, ki jih določa pravo, ki se uporabi za dedovanje, zahtevati od sodišč države članice tistega prava, ki se uporabi za dedovanje ali na ozemlju katere je imel pokojnik svoje običajno prebivališče v trenutku smrti, ali na ozemlju katere se nahaja premoženje, ki sestavlja zapuščino;
- providing for rules of private international law to ensure effective coordination between legal systems with regard to the administration, liquidation and transmission of estates, as well as identification of heirs, with provisions stating: that these aspects of succession, subject to exceptions due to the nature or location of certain assets, are to be regulated by the law applicable to the succession; that if that law provides for the intervention of an authority indicated by the law itself, or appointed pursuant to it, that authority’s powers shall be recognised in all the Member States; that, if the law applicable to the succession is the law of a Member State, the powers of such authorities are to extend, unless otherwise specified by the testator, to the whole estate, wherever it may be situated, even if, according to the law applicable to the succession, those powers are confined to movable property; that the measures relating to the activity of those authorities prescribed by the law applicable to the succession may be requested from the courts of the Member State the law of which is applicable to the succession or on the territory of which the deceased person had his habitual residence at the time of his death, or on the territory of which the property comprised in the estate is located;
- vzpostavitve "evropskega potrdila o dedovanju", ki bo na obvezujoč način (razen v primeru, da se dokaže nasprotno) določilo pravo, ki ga je potrebno uporabiti za dedovanje, upravičence do dediščine, subjekte, ki so zadolženi za njeno upravljanje, njihova pooblastila, in premoženje, ki sestavlja zapuščino, izdaja tega potrdila pa bo zaupana subjektu, ki je po nacionalnem pravu usposobljen, da mu da značaj listine javnega zaupanja.
- introducing a ‘European certificate of inheritance’ indicating, with binding effect and unless and until proven otherwise, the law applicable to the succession, the beneficiaries of the estate, the persons responsible for administering the estate and their powers and the property comprising the estate, to be issued by an authority empowered to issue or authenticate official documents under the relevant national legislation,
To potrdilo, ki mora določati pravo, ki se uporabi za dedovanje, bo sestavljeno v skladu s standardnim obrazcem, ki bo vsebovan v bodočem pravnem instrumentu in bo predstavljalo ustrezen naslov, na podlagi katerega bo mogoče vpisati pridobitev podedovanega premoženja v javno knjigo države članice, v kateri se nahaja premoženje, brez poseganja v skladnost z določbami države članice o delovanju javnih knjig in v učinke, ki jih imajo podatki, ki se v njih nahajajo.
The certificate, which is to specify the law applicable to the succession, shall be drawn up in accordance with a standard model to be laid down in the future legal instrument and shall constitute appropriate title on the basis of which the acquisition of the property inherited may be entered in a public register of the Member State in which the property is located, without prejudice to compliance with the rules of that Member State on the functioning of such registers and the effects resulting from the information contained therein.
Nadalje bi moral bodoči pravni instrument zagotoviti zaščito tretjega, ki bi v dobri veri sklenil pogodbo z osebo, ki je v skladu s potrdilom subjekt, upravičen do razpolaganja s premoženjem, ter tako zaščitil pridobitev premoženja, razen v primeru, ko tretji ve, da podatki iz potrdila niso točni ali ko je pristojni organ že začel postopek za spremembo ali preklic potrdila.
Furthermore, the future legal instrument should ensure protection for third parties acting in good faith who, for valuable consideration, have entered into a contract with the person who appears to be entitled to dispose of the property comprised in the estate on the basis of the certificate, thereby safeguarding the acquisition thereof, unless that person knows that the details given in the certificate are inaccurate or the competent authority has taken steps to revoke or amend the certificate;
Priporočilo 8 (o "lex rei sitae" in nujnem deležu)
Recommendation 8 (on the 'lex loci rei sitae' and the 'reserved portion' principle)
Evropski parlament meni, da bi bodoči pravni instrument moral:
The European Parliament considers that the future legal instrument should:
- zagotoviti uskladitev prava, ki se uporabi za dedovanje, s pravom kraja, kjer se premoženje nahaja, tako da se to pravo uporabi zlasti v postopkih za pridobitev premoženja ter vsakega drugega materialnega upravičenja iz dediščine, sprejem ali zavrnitev dediščine in za potrebne formalnosti v zvezi z javnostjo;
- ensure the coordination of the law applicable to the succession with the law of the place in which the property is situated, so as to make the latter applicable in particular as regards the procedures for acquiring the property comprised in the estate and any other tangible entitlements thereto, accepting or refusing the succession and the relevant formalities concerning publicity;
- zagotoviti, da pravo, ki se uporabi za dedovanje, ne posega v izvrševanje kakšnega predpisa države, kjer se nahaja kakšno nepremično premoženje, podjetje ali druga posebna vrsta sredstev, in predpisi katere ustvarjajo posebni dednopravni sistem za ta sredstva zaradi ekonomskih, družinskih ali socialnih vidikov;
- ensure that the law applicable to the succession does not affect the application of any provision of the State where certain immovable property, enterprises or other special categories of assets are located and whose rules institute a particular inheritance regime in respect of such assets on account of economic, family or social considerations;
- zagotovi, da možnost izbire prava ni v nasprotju s temeljnim načelom nujnega deleža, ki je namenjen pokojnikovim najožjim sorodnikom, in ki ga določa pravo, ki bi se ga na podlagi objektivnih okoliščin uporabilo za dedovanje.
- ensure that the ability to choose the law applicable does not contravene the fundamental principles of reserving a proportion of the estate for the deceased person’s closest relatives laid down by the law objectively applicable to the succession;
Priporočilo 9 (o skladih)
Recommendation 9 (on trusts)
Evropski parlament opozarja, da je v skladu s členom 295 Pogodbe o ES urejanje zasebne lastnine v pristojnosti držav članic in zato predlaga, da so skladi izvzeti iz področja uporabe bodočega zakonodajnega instrumenta.
The European Parliament points out that the rules on property ownership come under the competence of the Member States, pursuant to Article 295 of the Treaty, and therefore requests that the legislative act to be adopted should not apply to trusts.
Vseeno pa bo ta instrument moral predvideti, da v primerih, ko je sklad predmet dedovanja, uporaba prava, na katerega bo za dedovanje odkazoval instrument, ne more posegati v uporabo drugega prava za upravljanje sklada, in da, obratno, uporaba nekega prava za upravljanje sklada ne more posegati v uporabo drugega prava, na katerega bo odkazal bodoči zakonodajni instrument, za dedovanje.
However, that instrument should specify that when a trust is created as a result of death, the fact that the law specified by the instrument in question applies to the succession does not prevent another law from being applicable to management of the trust and that, by the same token, the fact that the law governing the trust applies to it should not prevent the law governing the succession by virtue of the future legislative act from being applicable to it.
Priporočilo 10 (o ukazu za izvršitev)
Recommendation 10 (on 'exequatur')
Evropski parlament svetuje Komisiji, naj zakonodajni akt, ki bo sprejet, pri priznavanju in izvrševanju odločb posnema sistem uredbe (ES) št. 44/2001, ki zahteva ukaz za izvršitev le v primeru, ko je odločbo, ki jo je izdal sodnik v državi članici, treba izvršiti v drugi državi članici na podlagi njenega izvršilnega postopka.
The European Parliament suggests to the Commission that the legislative act to be adopted should, with regard to the recognition and enforcement of decisions, reproduce the system established by Regulation (EC) No 44/2001, which requires ‘exequatur’ only in the event of a ruling made by the courts in one Member State having to be enforced on the basis of enforcement proceedings in another Member State;
Vseeno pa je treba predvideti, da v kolikor bo ta odločba vpisana v javno knjigo, mora to odločbo, zaradi velikih razlik v različnih državah članicah, spremljati "potrdilo o skladnosti" z javnim redom in prisilnimi predpisi namembne države članice, ki ga bo na podlagi standardnega obrazca izdal lokalni sodni organ.
However, if a decision is to be entered in public registers, provision should be made, in view of the widely differing rules in the various Member States, for that decision to be accompanied by a ‘certificate of conformity’ with public policy and the imperatives of the Member State addressed, issued - in accordance with a standard form - by a local judicial authority;
Priporočilo 11 (o javnih listinah)
Recommendation 11 (on public instruments)
Evropski parlament meni, da je primerno enako urediti učinke javnih listin s področja dedovanja, ki bodo morale biti priznane v vseh državah članicah za dokazovanje dejstev in izjav, za katere organ, ki je te listine sestavljal, jamči, da so se odvijali v njegovi prisotnosti, v kolikor to predvideva zakon izvorne države.
The European Parliament considers that it is appropriate to regulate similar effects for public instruments relating to succession, which, in particular, should be recognised in all the Member States, by means of proof of the facts and of declarations by issuing authorities that the instruments were drawn up in their presence, where the law of the Member State of origin so provides;
V skladu s členom 57 uredbe Sveta (ES) 44/2001 z 22. decembra 2000, bo morala javna listina izpolnjevati vse pogoje za pravno veljavnost, ki jih predpisuje država članica izvora, ne bo pa ji priznana veljavnost, če bo njen učinek neskladen z javnim redom v namembni državi članici.
In accordance with the provisions of Article 57 of Council Regulation (EC) 44/2001 of 22 December 2000, the document must meet all the requirements of authenticity laid down in the Member State of origin, and will not be recognised if its recognition would produce an effect manifestly contrary to public policy in the Member State addressed.
Poleg tega, bo morala javno listino, v kolikor bo vpisana v javno knjigo, ravno tako kot sodne odločbe, spremljati "potrdilo o skladnosti" z javnim redom in prisilnimi predpisi namembne države članice, ki ga bo na podlagi standardnega obrazca izdal organ, ki bi bil na podlagi prava te države upravičen, da tako listino izda.
Furthermore, when a public instrument is to be entered in public registers it should be specified, as stated in the case of judicial decisions, that the document has to be accompanied by a ‘certificate of conformity’ with public policy and the imperatives of the Member State addressed, issued - in accordance with a standard form - by the authority competent to draw up the instrument in that country.
Priporočilo 12 (o evropski mreži registrov oporok)
Recommendation 12 (on the European network of registers of wills)
Evropski parlament nazadnje upa, da bo ustvarjena evropska mreža registrov oporok, tudi prek povezovanja že obstoječih nacionalnih registrov, da se poenostavi iskanje in preverjanje poslednjih razpolaganj pokojnika.
The European Parliament hopes that, eventually, a European network of national registers of wills will be set up by linking up existing national registers, to simplify the task of finding and ascertaining the content of a deceased person’s will.
Po Etude de droit comparé sur les règles de conflits de juridictions et de conflits de lois relatives aux testaments et successions , ki ga je leta 2002 opravil Deutsches Notarinstitut po naročilu Evropske komisije, na ozemlju Evropske unije vsako leto nastopi med 50.000 in 100.000 dedovanj, ki imajo mednarodne sestavine, to število pa se bo povečalo kot posledica nedavne priključitve desetih novih držav Evropski uniji in v pričakovanju prihodnjih širitev.
According to the Study of comparative law on conflict of jurisdiction and conflict of law rules relating to wills and succession drawn up in 2002 by the Deutsches Notarinstitut at the request of the Commission, every year between 50 000 and 100 000 transnational successions arise in the European Union, and obviously that estimate should be revised upwards in view of the recent accession of ten new Member States to the Union and its forthcoming further enlargement.
Uporabnost instrumenta Skupnosti na področju dedovanja izhaja iz tega statističnega podatka, predvsem pa iz potrebe, da se odstrani težave, ki jih imajo upravičenci pri prevzemu dediščine v posest.
The potential advantage of a Community instrument relating to succession is due not only to that statistic, but also – and above all – to the need to remove the difficulties faced by heirs seeking to take possession of their inheritance.
Te težave so posledica velikih razlik med sistemi mednarodnega zasebnega prava in materialnega prava v državah članicah, ki se kažejo kot ovire pri izvrševanju pravice do prostega gibanja in prostega uživanja lastninske pravice.
These difficulties are due to the significant differences at present between private international law systems and the Member States’ substantive law, which create obstacles to the exercise of freedom of movement and the enjoyment of the right to own property.
Nenazadnje je slednja splošno pravno načelo (Sodišče Evropskih skupnosti, zadeva C-368/96, Generics (Združeno Kraljestvo) in drugi, Zbornik 1998, str.
We should not forget that the latter is a general principle of law (Court of Justice, Case C-368/96, Generics (UK) and others, [1998] ECR I‑7967, point 79, and the case law cited therein) and is also included among the fundamental rights enshrined in the Nice Charter.
Člen 65(b) Pogodbe ES Evropski skupnosti priznava pristojnost, da sprejme ukrepe, katerih namen je "spodbujanje skladnosti predpisov, ki se uporabljajo v državah članicah glede kolizije zakonov in sporov o pristojnosti".
Article 65(2)(b) of the EC Treaty, however, recognises that the European Community is competent to adopt measures ‘promoting the compatibility of the rules applicable in the Member States concerning the conflict of laws and of jurisdiction’.
Dejansko je možno določiti smernici, katerih se mora zakonodajalec Skupnosti držati na področju dedovanja in oporok:
It is possible to lay down two general guidelines which the Community legislature should follow in relation to succession and wills:
a) na prvem mestu bo bodoči instrument moral vsebovati enostavna in jasna pravila mednarodnega zasebnega prava, ki bodo upoštevala posebnosti in tradicijo velikih družin pravnih sistemov, ki obstajajo v državah članicah, tako da bo usklajevanje med nacionalnimi pravnimi ureditvami, ki so vključena v določen zapuščinski postopek, potekalo učinkovito;
(a) firstly, the future instrument should establish simple and clear rules on private international law which take account of the special features and traditions of the principal types of legal systems in the Member States in order to ensure effective coordination between the national legal systems jointly involved in any given transnational succession;
b) nadalje bo morala predvideti nove in zanesljive instrumente Skupnosti, katerih cilj bo nadaljnja poenostavitev.
(b) secondly, new and reliable Community instruments must be drawn up for the purpose of further simplifying the situation.
S prvega vidika bo bodoči instrument moral predvsem harmonizirati merila za določanje pristojnosti na področju dedovanja.
From the first point of view, the future Community act must begin by harmonising the criteria for awarding jurisdiction with regard to succession.