natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
M. ker bi lahko z bioenergijo povečali delež obnovljive energije v celotni energetski porabi EU, kar je strateški cilj Unije, nekatere energetske rastline pa ponujajo priložnosti, polne izzivov,
M.whereas bioenergy offers the possibility of increasing the share of renewable energy in overall EU energy consumption, which is a strategic goal of the Union, and some energy crops can present challenging opportunities,
N. ker je uspeh proizvodnje druge generacije biogoriv na osnovi biomase odvisen od podpore biotehnološkim raziskavam na področju predelave,
N. whereas the success of the production of second-generation biomass-based biofuels is conditional on support for biotechnological research into processing,
Q. ker imajo kmetje v EU pravico, da s pridom izkoriščajo dosežke sodobne biotehnologije na povsem enak način kot kmetje v tretjih državah,
Q. whereas farmers in the EU have the right to benefit from advances in modern biotechnology in exactly the same way as farmers in third states,
3. zato poudarja, da je treba biotehnološkemu sektorju dodeliti več finančnih sredstev iz skupne kmetijske politike, vključno s sredstvi za izobraževanje kmetov o možnostih biotehnologije pri trajnostnem kmetijstvu;
Stresses therefore that more agricultural funds must be allocated from the CAP to the biotechnology sector, including funds for the education of farmers about the possibilities of biotechnology within the framework of sustainable agriculture;
5. je prepričan, da je mogoče z biotehnologijo zmanjšati uporabo pesticidov, herbicidov in gnojil pri gojenju rastlin ter tako prispevati k varstvu okolja in varovanju zdravja ljudi;
Believes that biotechnology applications may help to reduce the use of pesticides, herbicides and fertilisers in crop cultivation, thus contributing to the protection of the environment and human health;
10. podpira stališče, da lahko biotehnologija ponuja privlačne nadomestne načine za proizvodnjo energije na podeželju ter da bi lahko biomasa, bioplin in biogoriva prispevali k raznolikosti energije, potrebne za ogrevanje, proizvodnjo električne energije in transport, s čimer bi se povečali prihodki na podeželju; poudarja, da je treba te možnosti pretehtati ob upoštevanju prednostnih zahtev glede varnosti hrane in preskrbe z njo, zaščite zdravja in okolja ter upravljanja podeželja;
Supports the view that biotechnologies may offer attractive alternative methods of energy production in rural areas and that biomass, biogas and biofuels can help in the diversification of the energy required for heating, electricity production and transport, thus increasing income in rural areas; emphasises that these possibilities should be considered in the light of the overriding considerations of food safety and supply, protection of health and the environmen and management of the countryside;
12. se zaveda obstoječega in morebitnega vpliva biotehnologije na konkurenčnost gojenja rastlin, kmetovanja in proizvodnje hrane, zlasti zaradi zelo različnih ravni sprejemanja tehnologije v Evropi v primerjavi z glavnimi tekmeci na mednarodnih kmetijskih trgih, in poziva Komisijo, da v naslednjih raziskavah s tega področja omenjenemu vplivu posveti posebno pozornost, Evropski parlament o tem podrobno obvešča in po potrebi vloži posebne zakonodajne predloge;
Is aware of the existing as well as the potential impact of biotechnology on the competitiveness of plant breeding, farming and food production, in particular in view of the very different rates of uptake of the technology in Europe, in comparison with its main competitors on the international agricultural markets, and calls on the Commission to pay specific attention to this impact in its forthcoming studies, to inform the European Parliament in detail on this matter and to put forward specific legislative proposals if and where required;
Zakonodajni okvir
Legislative framework
14. poudarja odločilen pomen varovanja zdravja ljudi in okolja v postopku odobritve in opozarja, da so v zvezi s tem potrebna objektivna znanstvena merila; opozarja, da previdnostnega načela ni mogoče uporabiti kot opravičilo za odložitev postopka;
Stresses the decisive importance of protecting human health and the environment in the approval process and underlines the use of objective scientific criteria in this respect; points out that the precautionary principle cannot be used as an excuse to delay the process;
19. na podlagi okvira, že vzpostavljenega v priporočilu Komisije 2003/556/ES o smernicah za oblikovanje nacionalnih strategij in najboljše prakse za zagotovitev soobstoja gensko spremenjenih kulturnih rastlin in konvencionalnega ter ekološkega kmetijstva,
Calls on the Commission, within the framework already established in Commission Recommendation 2003/556/EC on guidelines for the development of national strategies and best practices to ensure the coexistence of genetically modified crops with conventional and organic farming
UL L 189, 29.7.2003, str.
OJ L 189, 29.7.2003, p.
20. prosi za pojasnilo o odgovornosti za škodo, ki nastane pri gojenju in uporabi biotehnoloških proizvodov: kdo je odgovoren, kaj je mogoče zahtevati in v katerih okoliščinah je zahtevek mogoč;
Asks for clarification concerning liability for damages incurred in the growing and use of biotechnological products: who is liable, what can be claimed and under what circumstances a claim can be made;
23. poudarja potrebo po raziskavah in primerjalnih študijah, med drugim o varnosti hrane, alergenih ter prehrani in zdravju ljudi, ki jih je treba izvajati sistematično; poudarja tudi, da so potrebne nadaljnje primerjalne študije in raziskave na zapletenem področju trajnostnih načinov kmetovanja, varnosti hrane, alergenov, prehrane in javnega zdravja;
Emphasises the need for research and comparative studies, not least as regards food safety, allergens and human nutrition and health, which must be conducted systematically; also emphasises that more comparative studies and research are also needed into the complex issues of sustainable farming practices, food security, allergenicity, nutrition and public health;
26. domneva, da lahko to prispeva k močni koncentraciji raziskav, izumov in nematerialnih pravic v nekaterih velikih svetovnih akterjih, s čimer se bosta povečala njihov vpliv in moč na škodo manjših podjetij, države in ljudje pa bodo postali bolj odvisni od njih;
Also suspects that these may be contributing to a strong concentration of research, inventions and immaterial rights among a few large global players, thus increasing their influence and power to the detriment of smaller companies and making countries and people more dependent on them;
28. poziva Komisijo in države članice, naj v sedmem okvirnem programu Evropske skupnosti za raziskave, tehnološki razvoj in predstavitvene dejavnosti (2007–2013) izvedejo obširno družbeno-gospodarsko raziskavo na evropski ravni, ki bo obsegala primerjavo različnih načinov kmetijske proizvodnje;
Calls on the Commission and Member States to conduct, under the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities(2007-2013) , a sweeping socio-economic study at European level that includes a comparison of different methods of agricultural production;
33. poudarja, da morajo zakonodaja in smernice o izvajanju poskusov resno upoštevati zaščito potrošnikov in okolja;
Stresses that the legislation and guidelines referred to in carrying out experiments must seriously take into account the protection of consumers and the environment;
Svetovni razvoj
Global developments
Odziv na zaskrbljenost javnosti
Responding to public concerns
38. ugotavlja, da več kot 50 % državljanov verjame, da bo biotehnologija izboljšala kakovost življenja (raziskava Evrobarometer 2005), vendar javnost kmetijsko biotehnologijo še vedno večinoma sprejema z zadržkom; tako bo ostalo, dokler ne bo mogoče dokazati, da novi pridelki in proizvodi potrošnikom prinašajo koristi;
Notes that over 50% of citizens believe that biotechnology will improve their quality of life (Eurobarometer survey 2005) but that the public is still mostly sceptical about agricultural (green) biotechnology, and will continue to be so unless new crops and products are seen to have consumer benefits;
Biotehnologija je sodobna veja znanosti.
Biotechnology is a modern branch of science.
V zadnjih petdesetih letih se je zelo razvila, njena prihodnost pa se zdi še obetavnejša.
It has developed dramatically in the recent fifty years, but its future seems to be even more attractive.
Pravzaprav veliko znanstvenikov govori o nastanku biotehnološke revolucije, primerljive z revolucijo v elektroniki, ki smo jo doživeli v preteklih desetletjih.
In fact, many scientists speak about us facing a biotechnological revolution, compared to the revolution in electronics that we have experienced in recent decades.
Sedanji izumi in njihova uporaba so le prva stopnja tega razvoja.
The existing inventions and applications seem to be only the very first steps of this development.
Sedanja gensko spremenjena poljedeljska pridelava
Current GM cropping
Leta 2005 je bila komercialna pridelava gensko spremenjenih pridelkov ocenjena na približno 90 milijonov hektarov, vključevala pa je 8,5 milijona pridelovalcev v 21 državah.
In 2005 commercial GM crop production was calculated to be about 90 million ha involving 8.5m growers in 21 countries.
Združene države, Argentina, Brazilija, Kanada in Kitajska so glavni svetovni pridelovalci, pri čemer Združene države predstavljajo 55 % celotnega območja gensko spremenjene poljedelske pridelave.
The US, Argentina, Brazil, Canada & China are the principal global growers of which the US represents 55% of total GM cropping area.
Države članice EU, ki v komercialne namene na skromnih območjih pridelujejo gensko spremenjeno koruzo, so: Španija, Nemčija, Portugalska, Francija in Češka republika.
In the EU, those Member States commercialising modest areas of GM maize comprise: Spain, Germany, Portugal, France and Czech Republic.
V zadnjem desetletju so kmetje vsako leto povečali delež gensko spremenjenih pridelkov za 11 %, pri čemer se je v istem obdobju število držav, ki gojijo gensko spremenjene pridelke, povečalo s 6 na 21.
Over the last decade, farmers have increased their plantings of GM crops by 11% every year, with the number of countries cultivating GM crops increasing from 6 to 21 in the same period.
Gensko spremenjena soja je bila v letu 2005 še vedno glavni gensko spremenjeni pridelek, saj je obsegala 54,4 milijona hektarov (60 % svetovnega območja gensko spremenjenih pridelkov), sledijo ji koruza (21,2 milijona hektarov in 24 %), bombaž (9,8 milijona hektarov in 11 %) in oljna ogrščica (4,6 milijona hektarov in 5 % svetovnega območja gensko spremenjenih pridelkov).
GM soybean continued to be the principal GM crop in 2005, occupying 54.4 million hectares (60% of global GM area), followed by maize (21.2 million hectares at 24%), cotton (9.8 million hectares at 11%) and rapeseed (4.6 million hectares at 5% of global GM crop area).
V prvem desetletju, od 1996 do 2005, je bila stalna prevladujoča lastnost odpornost na herbicide, sledili sta ji odpornost na insekte in zloženi geni za obe lastnosti.
During the first decade, 1996 to 2005, herbicide tolerance has consistently been the dominant trait followed by insect resistance and stacked genes for the two traits.
Leta 2005 so pridelki z odpornostjo na herbicide, uporabljeno na soji, koruzi, oljni ogrščici in bombažu, obsegali 71 % ali 63,7 milijona hektarov od svetovnih 90 milijonov hektarov gensko spremenjenih pridelkov, pri čemer so se na 16,2 milijona hektarov (18 %) gojili pridelki, odporni na insekte, in na 10,1 milijona hektarov (11 %) pridelki z zloženimi geni.
In 2005, herbicide tolerance, deployed in soybean, maize, rapeseed and cotton occupied 71% or 63.7 million hectares of the global GM 90.0 million hectares, with 16.2 million hectares (18%) planted to insect resistant crops and 10.1 million hectares (11%) to the stacked genes.
V obdobju od 1996 do 2004 je bilo po ocenah uporabljeno za 172.500 milijonov ton manj aktivnih pesticidnih snovi, kar pomeni, da so se s pesticidi povezani vplivi na okolje pri teh pridelkih zmanjšali za 14 %.
The accumulative reduction in pesticides for the period 1996 to 2004 was estimated at 172,500 MT of active ingredient, which is equivalent to a 14% reduction in the associated environmental impact of pesticide use on these crops.
Leta 2004 je gensko spremenjene pridelke gojilo 8,25 milijona kmetov v 17 državah, leta 2005 pa je to število naraslo na približno 8,5 milijona kmetov v 21 državah.
GM crops were grown by approximately 8.5 million farmers in 21 countries in 2005, up from 8.25 million farmers in 17 countries in 2004.
90 % teh pridelovalcev je bilo revnejših kmetov iz držav v razvoju in številni od njih so skušali s povečanimi dohodki od gensko spremenjenih pridelkov izboljšati svoj življenjski standard.
Notably, 90% of the farmers were resource-poor farmers from developing countries, many of whom received increased incomes from GM crops to alleviation of their poverty.
Leta 2005 je približno 7,7 milijona (7,5 milijona leta 2004) revnih samooskrbnih kmetov izkoriščalo biotehnološke pridelke – največ na Kitajskem, in sicer 6,4 milijona, 1 milijon v Indiji, več tisoč v Južni Afriki, več kot 50.000 na Filipinih, preostanek pa v sedmih državah v razvoju, ki so leta 2005 gojile biotehnološke pridelke.
In 2005, approximately 7.7 million (7.5 million in 2004) poor subsistence farmers utilized biotech crops – the majority in China with 6.4 million farmers, 1 million in India, thousands in South Africa, more than 50,000 in the Philippines, with the balance in the seven developing countries which grew biotech crops in 2005.
Leta 2005 je bila svetovna tržna vrednost biotehnoloških pridelkov ocenjena na 5,25 milijarde USD, kar je 18 % od približno 30 milijard USD, kolikor je leta 2005 znašala svetovna prodaja komercialnega semena.
In 2005, the global market value of biotech crops is estimated to be $5.25 billion representing 18% of the ~$30 billion 2005 global commercial seed market.
Od 5,25 milijarde USD trga z biotehnološkimi pridelki je bilo porabljenih 2,42 milijarde USD za biotehnološko sojo (enakovredno 46 % svetovnega trga z biotehnološkimi pridelki), 1,91 milijarde USD za biotehnološko koruzo (36 %), 0,72 milijarde USD za biotehnološki bombaž (14 %) in 0,21 milijarde USD za biotehnološko oljno ogrščico (4 %).
The $5.25 billion biotech crop market comprised of $2.42 billion for biotech soybean (equivalent to 46% of global biotech crop market), $1.91 billion for biotech maize (36%), $0.72 billion for biotech cotton (14%), and $0.21 billion for biotech canola (4%).
Kumulativna svetovna vrednost za desetletno obdobje, saj so se biotehnološki pridelki prvič tržili leta 1996, je ocenjena na 29,3 milijarde USD.
The accumulated global value for the ten-year period, since biotech crops were first commercialised in 1996, is estimated at $29.3 billion.
Predvidena svetovna vrednost trga z biotehnološkimi pridelki za leto 2006 je več kot 5,5 milijarde USD.
The global value of the biotech crop market is projected at over $5.5 billion for 2006.
Prihodnji trendi
Future trends
Verjetno je, da se bo večanje območja gensko spremenjenih pridelkov, značilno za prvo desetletje trženja od 1996 do 2005, nadaljevalo in bo mogoče preseženo v drugem desetletju, 2006–2015.
It is likely that the increases in GM crop area seen during the first decade of commercialisation, 1996 to 2005, will continue and possibly be surpassed in the second decade 2006-2015.
Pričakuje se, da se bo število držav, ki sprejemajo sedanje štiri glavne vrste biotehnoloških pridelkov, povečalo.
The number of countries adopting the four current major biotech crops is expected to grow.
Povečanje svetovnega območja bo spremljalo povečanje števila kmetov, ki gojijo biotehnološke pridelke, saj je prva generacija biotehnoloških pridelkov širše sprejeta in na voljo je tudi druga generacija novih načinov uporabe.
An increase in the global hectarage will be accompanied by an increase in the number of farmers planting biotech crops as the first generation of biotech crops is more widely adopted and the second generation of new applications becomes available.
Poleg tradicionalnih kmetijskih proizvodov, kot so živila, krma in vlaknine, se bodo pojavili popolnoma novi kmetijski proizvodi, vključno s farmacevtskimi izdelki, oralnimi cepivi, posebnimi in finimi kemikalijami ter obnovljivimi viri pridelkov za nadomestitev neobnovljivih, onesnažujočih in vse dražjih fosilnih goriv.
Beyond the traditional agricultural products of food, feed and fibre, entirely novel products to agriculture will emerge including the production of pharmaceutical products, oral vaccines, specialty and fine chemicals and the use of renewable crop resources to replace non-renewable, polluting, and increasingly expensive fossil fuels.
Spoštovanje dobre kmetijske prakse v povezavi z biotehnološkimi pridelki bo ključnega pomena, tako kot v prvem desetletju, in potrebno bo stalno odgovorno upravljanje, zlasti v južnih državah, ki bodo glavne uporabnice biotehnoloških pridelkov v prihodnjem desetletju.
Adherence to good farming practices with biotech crops will remain critical as it has been during the first decade and continued responsible stewardship must be practiced, particularly by the countries of the South, which will be the major deployers of biotech crops in the coming decade.
Regulativni okvir
Regulatory framework
Predpisi o uvozu, predelavi in porabi gensko spremenjenih proizvodov so dobro razviti v večini razvitih držav in v številnih državah v razvoju.
Regulations on the import, processing and consumption of GM products are well developed in most developed and many developing countries.
V vseh razvitih državah so vzpostavljeni regulativni sistemi in izvajajo se ocene o biološki varnosti.
All developed countries have regulatory systems in place and are conducting biosafety assessments.
Podlaga teh predpisov in metode določanja biološke varnosti se razlikujejo glede na državo, vendar vse temeljijo na previdnostnem pristopu do varnosti živil in krme ter spoštovanju prehranskega kodeksa (Codex Alimentarius, ki ga je oblikovala STO) pri ocenjevanju varnosti živil in krme ter kakovosti z oceno snovne enakovrednosti in podrobno analizo razlik.
The basis for these regulations and the methods used for determining biosafety vary according to country, but all are based on a precautionary approach to food and feed safety and the Codex Alimentarus (produced by WHO) approach to evaluating food and feed safety and quality by evaluating substantial equivalence and a detaiIed analysis of differences.
Veliko držav v razvoju ima tudi regulativne sisteme po vzoru modelov, razvitih v Združenih državah, Evropi ali drugje.
Many developing countries also have regulatory systems following models developed in US, Europe or elsewhere.
Mednarodne agencije, kot so OECD, ZN (FAO, UNEP), SZO, STO itd., vse sodelujejo pri krepitvi zmogljivosti in si prizadevajo za uskladitev predpisov, da se omogočita prosti pretok in trgovina s proizvodi, potem ko regulativni organi različnih držav vzpostavijo varnost živil/krme za te proizvode.
International agencies such as OECD, UN (FAO, UNEP), WHO, WTO etc. are all involved in capacity building and attempting to harmonise regulations in order to allow free movement and trade in products once their food/feed safety has been established by the regulatory authorities of various countries.
UNEP je ustanovil klirinško hišo o biološki varnosti (mehanizem za izmenjavo informacij o gensko spremenjenih organizmih), ki zagotavlja zbirko podatkov o biološki varnosti in oceno tveganja za vsako uporabo gensko spremenjenih organizmov (za poskuse in trženje) v vseh državah, ki sodelujejo v sistemu.
UNEP established a Biosafety Clearing House (an information exchange mechanism for GMOs) which provides a database of biosafety data and risk assessments of each GMO application (both experimental and commercialisation) in all countries involved in the scheme.
Kartagenski protokol h konvenciji o biološki raznovrstnosti je bil delno vzpostavljen, da bi se lahko države zaščitile pred uvozom gensko spremenjenih živil/krme in proizvodov za predelavo, za katere niso bile izvedene ustrezne ocene biološke varnosti.
The Cartagena protocol of the CBD was partly established in order to provide protection for countries from importation of GM foods/feeds and products for processing where relevant biosafety evaluations had not been conducted.
Državi uvoznici ta protokol omogoča, da prek klirinške hiše o biološki varnosti izjavi, da se želi odločiti na podlagi informacij o oceni tveganja, preden sprejme uvoz.
It enables an importing country to declare, via the Biosafety Clearing House, that it wishes to take a decision based on risk assessment information before agreeing to accept an import.
V Evropski uniji
In the European Union
Februarja 2001 je Evropski parlament sprejel direktivo 2001/18/ES z novimi pravili za gensko spremenjene pridelke, ki je začela veljati oktobra 2002.
In February 2001, the EP adopted Directive 2001/18/EC, which defined new GM crop rules which came into force in October 2002.
Ta direktiva je bistveno popravljena različica prejšnjih direktiv.
It presents a substantially revised version of the previous Directives.
Glavna novost teh predpisov je, da so gensko spremenjeni proizvodi obravnavani kot nekaj novega in posebnega, zato zanje veljavna zakonodaja ni zadostna.
Central in these regulations is that GM is considered something new and special for which existing legislation is not sufficient.
Sistem predpisov EU torej temelji na postopkih, in ne na proizvodih: regulativni okvir je določen z načinom, kako je nekaj proizvedeno.
The EU regulatory system is therefore process-based rather than product-based: the way something is made determines the regulatory framework.
Glavni filozofski premik v direktivi 2001/18/ES je v primerjavi z njenimi predhodnicami izrecno sprejetje previdnostnega pristopa kot vodila, namesto ali poleg pojmov poznavanja in snovne enakovrednosti.
The major philosophical shift in Directive 2001/18/EC compared to its predecessors is the explicit adoption of the precautionary approach as a guide, rather than or in addition to the concepts of familiarity and substantial equivalence.
Evropska komisija se zaveda, da bo previdnostni pristop mogoče težko uporabljati.
The EC realises that the precautionary approach may be difficult to apply.
Zato navaja, da zanašanje na previdnostni pristop ni izgovor za podcenjevanje splošnih načel obvladovanja tveganja, kot so sorazmernost, nediskriminacija, skladnost, ocena stroškov in koristi ukrepanja ali neukrepanja ter pregled razvoja dogodkov v znanosti (Komisija Evropskih skupnosti, 2000).
Therefore, it is stated that reliance on the precautionary approach is no excuse for detracting from the general principles of risk management such as proportionality, non discrimination, consistency, examination of the benefits and costs of action or lack of action and examination of scientific developments (CEC, 2000).
To si države članice in tudi različni generalni direktorati Evropske komisije razlagajo različno.
This is being interpreted in different ways by member states and also different EC Directorate Generals.
Javni register vseh odobrenih proizvodov bo potrošnikom omogočil sledenje gensko spremenjenim proizvodom.
A public registry of all approved products will allow consumers to trace GM products.
Čeprav je osnovna filozofija ureditve precej drugačna, so zahteve po podatkih za oceno varnosti gensko spremenjenih rastlin in rastlinskih proizvodov podobne kot v ZDA.
Although the basic philosophy of the regulation is quite different, the data requirements for assessing safety of GM plants and plant products are similar to the USA.
Informacije, zahtevane v EU, so običajno obsežnejše, v glavnem v zvezi z molekulsko opredelitvijo, učinkom posebnih zahtev pri gojenju in upravljanju gensko spremenjenih pridelkov, spremljanjem in sledljivostjo po dajanju v promet.
The information required in the EU tends to be more extensive, mainly with respect to molecular characterisation, impacts of the specific cultivation and management requirements of the GM crops, post market monitoring and traceability.