natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Izvršbo urejajo pravila civilnega postopka, ki veljajo v državi, na ozemlju katere se opravi izvršba.
Enforcement shall be governed by the rules of civil procedure in force in the State in the territory of which it is carried out.
Nacionalni organ, ki ga v ta namen določi vlada vsake od držav članic ter o tem obvesti Komisijo in Sodišče, priloži sklepu potrdilo o njeni izvršljivosti, pri čemer ni potrebna nobena druga formalnost razen overovitve verodostojnosti odločbe.
The order for its enforcement shall be appended to the decision, without other formality than verification of the authenticity of the decision, by the national authority which the government of each Member State shall designate for this purpose and shall make known to the Commission and to the Court of Justice.
Ko so te formalnosti na zahtevo zadevne stranke izpolnjene, lahko ta preide na izvršbo v skladu z nacionalnim pravom tako, da zadevo predloži neposredno pristojnim organom.
When these formalities have been completed on application by the party concerned, the latter may proceed to enforcement in accordance with the national law, by bringing the matter directly before the competent authority.
Izvršba se lahko odloži le z odločbo Sodišča.
Enforcement may be suspended only by a decision of the Court of Justice.
Vendar so za pritožbe zaradi nepravilnosti pri opravljenih izvršilnih dejanjih pristojna sodišča zadevne države.
However, the courts of the country concerned shall have jurisdiction over complaints that enforcement is being carried out in an irregular manner.’
Po tej določbi Pogodbe so sklepi Komisije, ki nalagajo denarno obveznost osebam (to ne velja za države) izvršilni naslov v državah članicah in se zato lahko uporabijo prisilni ukrepi za izvajanje (zasegi) pod enakimi pogoji kot v primeru sodbe v pristojnosti sodne oblasti države članice.
According to that Treaty article, Commission decisions entailing a financial obligation on a person other than a Member State shall constitute an enforcement order in the Member States, and may, therefore, give rise to enforcement measures (seizures) under the same conditions as a judgment delivered by that Member State.
Čeprav je treba pojasniti, da se je ta postopek doslej uporabljal le izjemoma, predvsem za izterjavo denarnih kazni, naloženih na področju konkurence, Komisija želi v skladu s finančno uredbo v prihodnosti razširiti njegov obseg.
However, even if this procedure has been used to date only in exceptional circumstances, essentially for the recovery of fines imposed in competition cases, the Commission intends, pursuant to the Financial Regulation, to extend its scope considerably in future.
Odločbe, ki se lahko izvajajo v skladu s členom 256 Pogodbe so: odločbe Komisije o določitvi denarne kazni podjetjem v okviru pravil konkurence v skladu s členi od 81 do 83 Pogodbe ES, odločbe Komisije o ukinitvi pomoči Skupnosti, odločbe o izterjavi , ki nalagajo denarno obveznost in jih je sprejela Komisija v skladu s členom 256 Pogodbe ES.
The decisions which may be enforced under Article 256 of the Treaty are the following: decisions of the Commission fining companies under competition law, pursuant to Articles 81 to 83 of the EC Treaty; Commission decisions cancelling a Community recruitment competition; and decisions to recover entailing a pecuniary obligation and adopted by the Commission under Article 256 of the EC Treaty.
Enako velja za sodbe Sodišča Evropskih skupnosti in Sodišče prve stopnje Evropskih skupnosti v skladu s členom 244 Pogodbe ES
Also enforceable are judgments of the European Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance, pursuant to Article 244 of the EC Treaty
Sodbe Sodišča Evropskih skupnosti so izvršljive v skladu s pogoji iz člena 256. .
Judgments of the Court of Justice are enforceable under the conditions laid down in Article 256. .
Postopek, ki ga sedaj uporablja Komisija, je institucionalne narave, če plačilo ni prostovoljno, je treba vzpostaviti stik s stalnim predstavnikom države članice, tako da pristojni nacionalni organ predloži nalog za izvršbo.
The procedure currently followed by the Commission, which is institutional in nature, is as follows: in the absence of voluntary payment, the permanent representation of the Member State concerned is asked to serve the enforcement order via the appropriate national authority.
Sklep z nalogom za izvršbo se nato po isti poti posreduje Komisiji.
The decision, together with the enforcement order, is then forwarded to the Commission by the same route.
Upoštevati je treba, da je ta postopek še posebej zapleten, traja v povprečju približno 6 mesecev, nekateri spisi zahtevajo več let.
This is a very complicated procedure which takes about six months on average, while some dossiers can take years.
Izterjava terjatve se nato ne more izvršiti in v najboljšem primeru bo odložena v škodo finančnih interesov Skupnosti.
Recovery of the sum owed cannot then be enforced, and in the best of cases will be delayed, to the detriment of the Communities’ financial interests.
Kot poudarja člen 256, država članica izvaja le " preverjanje verodostojnosti odločbe ".
Article 256 meanwhile makes it clear that the only controls that the Member State may carry out are those concerning ‘ verification of the authenticity of the decision’ .
Pri tem naj opozorimo, da Komisija sprejema svoje odločbe z ustnim postopkom, pisnim postopkom, pooblastilom enega od članov ali pooblastilom generalnega direktorja (člen 13 njenega poslovnika).
It should be recalled here that the Commission may adopt its decisions by oral procedure, written procedure, mandating of a Commissioner or delegation to a Director-General (Article 13 of its internal rules).
Obveščanje med Komisijo in državami članicami mora biti na tem področju poenostavljeno.
Communications between the Commission and the Member States in this area need to be simplified.
Potrebno je vzpostaviti neposredne odnose med službami Komisije in pristojno nacionalno službo.
It would be desirable to set up direct links between the Commission’s services and the relevant national service .
Da terjatve ne bi odložili, kar bi lahko povzročilo, da bi jo bilo nemogoče izterjati, če bi na primer dolžnik med tem bil v postopku zaradi plačilne nesposobnosti, bi si lahko predstavljali, da bo odslej potrebno predložiti nalog za izvršbo v razumnem roku od prvega zahtevka s strani Komisije.
In order not to delay recovery - which could become impossible if, for instance, the debtor filed for bankruptcy in the meantime - one may suppose that the enforcement order should in future be served within a reasonable time from the Commission’s first request.
Komisija po preteku roka začne postopek zaradi kršitve, ki mora ostati izjemen, ker bo vzpostavitev neposrednih odnosov med službami Komisije in nacionalnimi službami omogočala vnaprejšnje urejanje velike večine morebitnih težav.
Once the deadline had passed, the Commission would initiate the proceedings for failure to act: this procedure should remain exceptional given that the creation of direct links between the Commission’s services and the national services will ensure that the great majority of problems are dealt with upstream.
Primerno je tudi, da države članice Komisiji sporočijo podatke o nacionalni službi, ki je pristojna za predložitev potrdila o izvršljivosti.
The Member States should also supply the contact details of the national service responsible for serving execution orders.
Predlog spremembe finančne uredbe iz leta 2002:
The proposal for the amendment of the Financial Regulation of 2002
Finančna uredba se v skladu s členom 184 predloži v revizijo vsake tri leta.
Every three years, in accordance with its Article 184, the Financial Regulation is revised.
Komisija je glede izterjave predložila tri pomembne predloge, ki jih je potrebno preučiti.
On the subject of recovery, the Commission has put forward three proposals which deserve to be studied.
- Prvi predlog se nanaša na priznavanje prednostnega značaja terjatev Skupnosti na podlagi izenačevanja z davčnimi terjatvami držav članic.
- The first proposal is that privileged status should be applied to sums owed to the Community by analogy with fiscal indebtedness to the Member States.
Ta bi institucijam omogočal, da ne bi bile več ovirane pri dejavni udeležbi v primeru stečajnih postopkov.
This would mean that the Institutions would no longer be sidelined when debtors file for bankruptcy.
Temelj izenačevanja je določena logika: v primeru terjatev ESPJ za istoimensko obdavčenje v industriji premoga in jekla ter za proračun Skupnosti se je potrebno spomniti, da se to financira z lastnimi sredstvi, predvsem nacionalnimi, ki so zato predvsem davčne narave.
There is a certain logic to such an analogy: this is the case with sums owing to the ECSC, in respect of the ECSC levy on the coal and steel industry, and for the Community budget it should be recalled that it is financed from own resources, which are largely national and, therefore, fiscal in nature.
Zaradi tega pride v nekaterih državah članicah do velike zmede, kjer potem terjatev institucij zastara po 3 ali 10 letih ali pa se preprosto zanjo ne ve, da je bila že odpisana, dokler zadeva ne pride na sodišče.
This could give rise to total chaos in those Member States where institutions’ right to collect debts is time-barred (after 3 or 10 years), or where, quite simply, no information is given on whether the deadline has lapsed until the case comes before the judge.
Tudi ni jasno, če se po zastaranju lahko še vedno sprejme nadomestilo ali prostovoljno plačilo dolžnika.
Nor is it clear whether after the period has elapsed it is possible to accept compensation or spontaneous payment by the debtor.
Skratka, predlog naj bi uvedel večjo gotovost za institucije in dolžnike.
In brief, this proposal would introduce legal certainty for both the institutions and the debtors.
- Po tretjem predlogu je treba izenačiti terjatve Skupnosti s civilnimi terjatvami na podlagi instrumentov, ki so bili sprejeti na področju sodelovanja civilnega sodstva.
- The third proposal is that sums owed to the Community should be considered equivalent to civil debts on the basis of the instruments adopted in the area of judicial cooperation in the civil sphere.
Na tem področju je bil dosežen velik napredek za omogočanje izterjave čezmejnih terjatev: predpisi Skupnosti omogočajo, da se ve, katero sodišče je pristojno in kako se lahko sodba tega sodišča izvrši v drugi državi članici.
In this field, immense progress has been made with a view to facilitating the recovery procedures for crossborder debts: there are Community regulations which now make it possible to know which court is competent and how a judgment of that court can be executed in another Member State.
III - Neupravičeno prejeta sredstva in javno zdravje
III - Funds irregularly received and public health
Preiskovalci, zadolženi za boj proti goljufijam, veterinarji in strokovnjaki na področju javnega zdravja, ki prihajajo iz različnih držav EU, so 30. marca na Bledu v Sloveniji v okviru seminarja, ki sta ga organizirala slovenska carinska uprava in OLAF, razpravljali o sprejetju ukrepov za boj proti nezakoniti trgovini kmetijskih proizvodov in nevarnostih za zdravje, ki jih slednja lahko pomeni za potrošnike .
On 30 March 2006 in Bled (Slovenia), anti-fraud investigators, veterinarians and public health experts from different EU Member States debated the measures to be taken, in a seminar organised by the Slovenian customs authorities and OLAF, with a view to combating illegal trading in agricultural products and the potential health risks to the consumer .
Na predstavitvi so bili obravnavani pravni in znanstveni vidiki te nezakonite trgovine.
The seminar examined the legal and scientific aspects of the illegal trade.
Analiza številnih primerov je pokazala potrebo po okrepitvi sodelovanja med nacionalnimi carinami, veterinarskimi službami in organi EU, kot je OLAF.
A number of examples of the practices concerned were analysed, and the importance was pointed up of developing closer cooperation between national customs services, veterinary services and EU bodies such as OLAF.
Strokovnjaki so opozorili na znano zadevo, ki je bila odkrita leta 2000, primer francosko-italijansko-belgijske družbe s podružnicami v ZRN, ki je proizvedla in dala na trg 21.000 ton ponarejenega masla iz govejega loja in maščob, namenjenih za kozmetično industrijo.
The experts recalled the well-known case of the dismantling in 2000 of a Franco-Italian-Belgian network, with ramifications in Germany, which had produced and manufactured 21 000 tonnes of adulterated butter containing beef suet and fats intended for the cosmetics industry.
Iz te afere se je mogoče marsikaj naučiti, čeprav na srečo ni imela posledic za zdravje.
Fortunately, that affair did not have health repercussions, but much needs to be learnt from it.
Afera masla s primesmi
The case of the adulterated butter
a) Očitno ni obstajala resnična možnost vplivanja na potek sodnega postopka in kasneje izterjave od zadevne države članice.
a) Apparently there was no real possibility of influencing developments as regards the judgment or the recovery from the Member State concerned.
b) Proračunski in finančni podatki niso dovolj jasni, koristneje bi bilo vedeti za natančne zneske.
b) the budgetary and financial data are not very explicit, and it would be more helpful to know the exact sums involved.
Vendar jih je izredno težko dobiti in izračunati, ker sami organi, ki izvajajo plačila, prejmejo od zadevnih strani dokumentacijo (ki je načeloma izčrpna).
However, it would be extremely difficult to obtain and calculate them, since it is the paying bodies that themselves receive files - normally of an exhaustive nature - from the interested parties.
Poleg tega se v tem primeru 35 (ali spornih 51) milijonov eurov lahko razdeli le z uredbo.
In addition, in this affair the incriminated sum, EUR 35 m (or 51 m) can only be broken down by regulation.
Ugotovljena je bila tudi dihotomija v tej zadevi med zahtevanimi sredstvi v Franciji in skromno količino sredstev, zahtevanih v ZRN (84.000 eurov).
A dichotomy has also been noted in the case between the size of the sums claimed in France and the much lower ones claimed in Germany (EUR 84 000).
Lahko se tudi upravičeno vprašamo, kaj je s Pogodbo, saj so zadevni ukrepi 100-odstotno ukrepi Skupnosti, sprejeti z uredbami Skupnosti.
One may also legitimately ask whether this arises under the Treaty, when the measures concerned are 100% of a Community nature and are governed by Community regulations.
Spomnimo se, da je afera v zvezi z maslom s primesmi prišla na dan s kazensko preiskavo.
This affair of the adulterated butter came to light, it should be recalled, following a criminal investigation.
Poudarjena sta bila dva vidika: izdajanje računov in zapečateni proizvodi.
Two questions were raised, related to invoicing and to sealed products.
Goljufija je bila izvedena na dveh ravneh: maslena maščoba je bila v eni državi nadomeščena z lojem in maščobo, medtem ko so se goljufi v drugi državi posluževali maščobne kisline, ki se uporablja v kozmetičnih izdelkih (s kemičnimi reakcijami).
The fraud operated at two levels: the butyric fat was replaced by suet and lard (pork fat) at the first stage, while at the second the fraudsters added quantities of fatty acids used to make cosmetics (action by chemical reactions).
Maslo je bilo proizvedeno s kemično sintezo.
Butter was obtained by chemical synthesis.
Vendar je bilo pri analizi posebno težko razbrati sestavine.
When a compositional analysis was carried out, however, this aspect proved extremely difficult to interpret.
Operaterji v dveh državah članicah so bili seznanjeni s položajem in so se med seboj poznali, vendar je to težko dokazati, saj gre tukaj za dobronamernost ali zlonamernost.
The operators in the two Member States are aware of the situation and know each other, but this is especially hard to prove, as things stand at present and in terms of establishing good or bad faith.
Pomembno je poudariti, da Komisija nima pristojnosti nadzora na področju analize proizvodov
It should be stressed that the Commission has no powers of control in the area of product analysis.
Kar zadeva sodne postopke , je trenutno vse zapečateno.
As far as the legal proceedings are concerned, at present all is under seals.
Zato na primer urad za zatiranje goljufij in veterinarske službe v eni od zadevnih držav ne ukrepajo.
Thus, in, for instance, one of the Member States concerned there is no intervention from either the fraud investigation office or the veterinary services.
V Franciji, Italiji in Belgiji je ovira tudi sodna skrivnost.
Legal confidentiality is also an obstacle in France, Italy and Belgium.
Le Belgija je sprožila preiskavo izdelkov, vendar se je omejila na trditev, da v teh izdelkih ni bilo zadevnih snovi in se ji ni zdelo koristno, da bi objavila, kaj so vsebovali.
Only in Belgium has a study of the products been carried out, but this went no further than stating that ‘the products did not contain certain substances’: what they did contain was not specified.
Komisija je v okviru različnih stalnih odborov opozorila države članice na ta položaj, vendar ni nikoli dobila odgovora in DG SANCO ni nikoli prejel odziva.
At the meetings of the various Standing Committees the Commission has drawn the attention of the Member States to the situation, but has never had a response, nor have there been any repercussions at the DG for Health and Consumer Affairs.
Vendar trenutno noben element ne omogoča trditve, da je maščoba vsebovala patološko nevarne snovi.
However, for the moment there is nothing to prove that the lard was a health risk.
Treba je tudi opomniti, da kozmetični izdelki nikakor niso namenjeni uporabi v prehrani.
In addition, cosmetic products are in no sense intended as food products.
Izvorna goljufija ni bila zdravstvenega značaja, ampak se je nanašala na sestavo izdelkov, ki omogočajo prejemanje subvencij Skupnosti.
The initial fraud concerned not health but the composition of products eligible for Community subsidies.
Osnovna zamisel goljufov je pridobitev najvišjih nadomestil, saj je maslo sektor, v katerem jih je možno največ pridobiti.
The fraudsters’ underlying idea was to obtain the highest possible amount in refunds, given that the biggest sums payable are for butter.
Zato je afera zadevala GD za kmetijstvo Komisije.
Consequently, it was a matter for the Commission’s DG Agriculture.
Ravno tako si je treba zastaviti vprašanje, kako zagotoviti, da države članice prek svojih organov poljavnega sektorja opravljajo zadostno število kontrol.
It also has to be asked what safeguards there can be that the Member States, through their parapublic bodies, actually carry out the checks in sufficient numbers.
Na splošno je v sektorjih z visokimi nadomestili prisotna težnja k goljufijam.
In general terms, fraud is likeliest in the sectors where refunds are highest .
Treba se je vprašati, kdaj se maslu lahko reče maslo.
One has to ask under what circumstances butter is butter.
Glede na to opredelitev in potrebe je nujno, da organizmi za nadzor ostanejo ali postanejo zelo učinkoviti, zastavi pa se lahko tudi vprašanje dejanske neodvisnosti nadzornikov.
Once a definition has been made and criteria are established, the control bodies need to remain, or to become, extremely efficient, while at the same time the issue arises of the inspectors’ real degree of independence.
Ker ima lahko goljufija v danem trenutku posledice za zdravje, bi bilo primerno, da so pristojne zdravstvene službe o njej obveščene ter da imajo v okviru dobro izvedenega postopka dostop do vzorcev.
Where a fraud may, at a given moment, have health repercussions, the relevant health services should be informed and should have access, under a properly organised procedure, to samples.
Tako ali drugače morajo biti udeležene pri analizi izdelkov s primesmi in možnih tveganj za javno zdravje.
They should be involved in one way or another in the analysis of the adulterated products and the possible health risks.
Očitno manjka tudi obveza glede obveščanja in kroženja informacij za Komisijo in druge države članice.
It also appears that there is no obligation to provide and circulate information in relation to the Commission and the Member States.
Imenovanje evropskega javnega tožilca bi lahko bila pomembna odločitev, če bi to olajšalo neposreden dostop do javnega tožilstva različnim državam članicam in na nek način omogočilo bolj urejen in strnjen postopek.
The creation of the office of European Public Prosecutor will be a decision of major importance, since it will facilitate direct access to the national public prosecutor’s offices, thus working in the interests of a more ‘joined-up’ procedure.
S tem bi se tudi zmanjšala številčnost povezav, za reševanje zadev pa bi se subjekti/stranke postopoma vse bolj usmerjali k storitvam evropskega javnega tožilca, kajti OLAF sicer ima pristojnost posredovanja, nima pa pravosodnih pooblastil.
This should help reduce complexity, since the result should be a convergence on the European prosecutor’s: while OLAF enjoys powers of intervention in the context of its inquiries, it does not enjoy judicial powers .
Sodna praksa in ovire v državah članicah
Legal practices and obstacles in the Member States
V zvezi z dejavnostjo urada OLAF je treba razlikovati med nadzorom in preiskavami na eni strani ter med upravnimi preiskavami in preiskavami kazenskih dejanj na drugi (npr. v primeru ponaredbe živilskih izdelkov).
In the context of OLAF’s activities, it is important to distinguish between controls and inquiries, on the one hand, and administrative and criminal inquiries on the other (e.g. in cases of adulterated food products).
V nekaterih državah, na primer v Franciji, ZRN ali Belgiji, ima na področju pravosodja kazensko pravo prednost pred civilnim.
In the legal systems of some Member States, such as France, Germany and Belgium, the criminal law has precedence over the civil law .
Zato je sedaj v aferi masla s primesmi izterjava neupravičeno izplačanega zneska prekinjena, vso dokumentacijo o zadevi pa je zadržal, oziroma, lahko rečemo, zasegel, sodni organ.
Consequently, as things stand, in the adulterated butter case the recovery of the irregular payments has been suspended and all the documentation has been retained (confiscated, one might say) by the legal authorities.
V nasprotju z omenjenimi državami pa je v Združenem kraljestvu postopek izterjave možno začeti, tudi če poteka kazenski postopek.
By contrast, in the UK it is possible to carry out recovery even if there is a criminal action under way .
V državi, kot je Belgija, pa zaradi zamud pri prevajanju sodnih spisov, ki obsegajo več tisoč strani, zamenjave zanj odgovornega sodnika ali iz drugih vzrokov opažamo, da se zadeva vleče že od leta 1999, se pravi 7 let.
In a country such as Belgium, however, the case has been dragging on since 1999 - in other words, for seven years - thanks to a number of reasons, among them the time required to translate an investigation dossier of several thousand pages and the fact that the judge has been changed.
Ob tem je pomembno vedeti, da ima Komisija na voljo zbrane podatke, ministrstva pa nudijo podrobne podatke in da v kmetijskem sektorju z 98% obsega dodeljenih zneskov upravljajo plačilne agencije in organi držav članic.
It should be recalled that, while the Commission is in possession of the aggregate data, it is the ministers who furnish the details: in agriculture, 98% of the funds granted are managed by the agencies and payment bodies of the Member States.
Ko poskušamo izvedeti, kako visoke so zadevne številke, sodnik na nacionalni ravni običajno reče, da ne ve.
When one tries to determine the exact figures, the national judge typically claims not to know.
Službe urada OLAF so zaprosile ustrezne službe, da jim po pošti posredujejo kar najbolj podrobne podatke; dobili so odgovor, da jim posredovanja informacij ne dovoljuje tajnost preiskave.
OLAF’s services have written to the national services asking them for as much detail as possible: they have been told in reply that this information cannot be divulged, on grounds of judicial confidentiality .