natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Perfluorirane sestavine se veliko uporabljajo v izdelkih za široko potrošnjo ter industriji zaradi njihove odpornosti in odbojnih lastnosti.
Perfluorinated compounds have found numerous applications in consumer products and industrial applications due to their stability and repellent properties.
PFOS so bili glavna sestavina zaščite tkanin, izdelanih za zaščito oblačil pred madeži
PFOS has been a key ingredient of a fabric protector produced to protect materials from stain.
Po mnenju Znanstvenega odbora za zdravstvena in okoljska tveganja (SCHER) so PFOS zelo obstojni, zelo bioakumulativni in strupeni.
According to the Scientific Committee on Health and Environmental Risks (SCHER), PFOS is very persistent, very bioaccumulative and toxic.
PFOS, ki so se začeli proizvajati v sedemdesetih letih, so postali vsepovsod prisotni onesnaževalci.
PFOS - the production of which started in the 70's - has now become a ubiquitous contaminant.
Našli so jih v velikem številu živalskih vrst po celem svetu – od polarnih medvedov do albatrosov, od Arktike do srednjega Tihega oceana.
PFOS has been found in a wide variety of species across the world - from polar bears to albatrosses, from the Arctic to the mid-Pacific.
So tudi splošni onesnaževalci za ljudi – najverjetneje ima vsak od nas v svojem telesu PFOS.
It is also a common contaminant of humans - in fact, every single one of us most likely carries PFOS in his/her body.
Analize krvi, ki jih je opravil WWF (Svetovni sklad za naravo) leta 2004 pri 47 osebah iz 17 držav, vključno pri 39 poslancih Evropskega parlamenta, so pokazale, da je imelo vseh 47 testiranih oseb v sebi PFOS in druge perfluorirane sestavine.
A blood monitoring study by WWF from 2004, that investigated 47 people from 17 countries, including 39 Members of the European Parliament, found PFOS and six other perfluorinated compounds in every single one of the 47 people tested.
Okuženost velikega števila živalskih vrst in tudi človeka ter zaskrbljujoči toksikološki podatki so vodilno podjetje na svetovnem trgu privedli do tega, da je leta 2000 PFOS prostovoljno umaknil iz proizvodnje.
It was the combination of PFOS contamination of a wide variety of species, including humans plus worrying toxicological data that led the global market leader to voluntarily exit PFOS production in 2000.
Z drugimi besedami rečeno, PFOS desetletja niso bili pravno urejeni, dokler ni bila storjena nepopravljiva škoda: splošna okuženost s snovjo, ki je zelo obstojna, zelo bioakumulativna in strupena.
In other words, the use of PFOS remained unregulated for decades, until irreversible damage was done: global contamination by a substance that is very persistent, very bioaccumulative and toxic.
Perfluorirane sestavine in dejstvo, da se iz preteklih izkušenj nismo ničesar naučili
Perfluorinated compounds - and the failure to learn from the past
Fluor je eden od petih halogenov v periodičnem sistemu.
Fluorine is one out of five halogens in the periodic system.
Druga dva dobro poznana halogena, ki se uporabljata za kemikalije, sta brom in klor.
Two other well-known halogens that are used for mass chemicals are bromine and chlorine.
Združujejo jih zelo specifične lastnosti.
They share very specific properties.
Vsi so zelo reaktivni, ko pa se spojijo z ogljikovim atomom, postanejo njihove molekule obstojnejše in v številnih primerih tudi bolj bioakumulativne in strupene.
They are all highly reactive - but once combined with a carbon atom, they render the molecule more persistent, and in many cases also more bioaccumulative and toxic.
Spojina ogljika in fluora je namreč najobstojnejša spojina v organski kemiji, zaradi česar so nekatere perfluorirane sestavine, kot so PFOS, praktično neuničljive.
In fact, the link between carbon and fluorine is the most stable link known in organic chemistry, causing certain perfluorinated compounds like PFOS to be virtually indestructible.
Lahko bi si mislili, da se je kemična industrija iz obsežne škode, ki so jo povzročile in jo povzročajo klorirane organske sestavine v okolju, nečesa naučila in da ne bo uporabljala organske kemije broma in fluora.
One might naïvely assume that the chemical industry learnt its lesson from the massive and ongoing environmental damage caused by chlorinated organic compounds and would stay away from brominated and fluorinated organic chemistry.
Na žalost je ravno nasprotno.
Unfortunately, the contrary is true.
Proizvodnja perfluoriranih sestavin se je začela v sedemdesetih letih in se je nato znatno povečala, medtem ko se je proizvodnja glavnih kloriranih sestavin postopno opuščala.
The production of perfluorinated compounds started in the 70's and was increased significantly thereafter - while the main chlorinated compounds were being phased out.
Zaostajajoča zakonodaja
Legislator lagging behind
Medtem ko je povsem običajno, da regulativa zaostaja in največkrat samo omejuje uporabo snovi, ki se že opuščajo, to še zlasti velja za PFOS.
While it is common place that the regulator runs behind and most often only restricts substances when they are on their way out, the story of PFOS takes this to the extreme.
V tem primeru je bilo vodilno podjetje na svetovnem trgu, ki se je zavedlo, da PFOS predstavljajo vedno večje tveganje, in se je za to leta 2000 odločilo, da bo ustavilo njihovo več kot dvajsetletno proizvodnjo.
In this case - it was the global market leader that realised that PFOS was becoming too much of a liability and therefore decided to exit its production in 2000 - after more than 20 years of production.
Pristojni organi Združenega kraljestva so takšen ukrep sprejeli tudi v EU in so leta 2004 izdali uradno obvestilo o nacionalni opustitvi večine preostalih uporab.
The UK competent authorities followed up on this in the EU and notified a national phase-out for most of the remaining uses in 2004.
Komisija je zakonodajni predlog pripravila šele konec leta 2005.
It took until the end of 2005 for the Commission to make a legislative proposal.
Vendar pa Komisija v nasprotju z osnutkom nacionalne prepovedi Združenega kraljestva zgolj predlaga, da se stara uporaba omeji– ki ne obstaja več – in se za obstoječe uporabe odobri neomejeno odstopanje.
However, contrary to the UK draft national ban, the Commission only proposes to restrict former uses - uses that do not exist anymore - while all remaining current uses are to receive an unlimited derogation.
In medtem, ko je vodilno podjetje opustilo tudi proizvodnjo perfluorooktanojske kisline (PFOA), snovi, ki predstavlja podobno nevarnost zaradi analogne strukture kot pri PFOS, in med tem ko so se vodilni proizvajalci v ZDA zavezali h korenitem zmanjšanju emisij PFOA in njene vsebine v končnem izdelku, predlog Komisije ne vključuje nobenega ukrepa za PFOA.
Moreover, while the market leader also phased out the production of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a substance that poses very similar concern due to structural analogy with PFOS, and while in the US the main producers have committed to drastically reduce emissions of PFOA as well as its content in the final product, the Commission does not include any action on PFOA in its proposal.
Vaš poročevalec predlaga, da se predlog Komisije okrepi z naslednjimi spremembami:
Your rapporteur suggests the following modifications to strengthen the Commission proposal:
1) Nižji prag za opustitev: Po navedbah SCHERA je vsebnost kemikalij PFOS v izdelkih od 0,001 % do 50 %.
1) Lower threshold for phase-out : According to SCHER, PFOS chemicals are present in products in concentrations ranging between 0.001% and 50%.
Zato standardni upravni prag 0,1 % za omejitve , kot ga predlaga Komisija, ni primeren za PFOS.
The standard administrative threshold for restrictions of 0.1%, as proposed by the Commission, is therefore not appropriate for PFOS.
Da bi bila omejitev učinkovita, je treba prag znižati na 0,001 %.
To ensure that the restriction is effective, the threshold needs to be lowered to 0.001%.
Velika večina članov odbora je podprla zmanjšanje praga na 0,005° %.
A broad majority of the committee supported lowering the threshold to 0.005%.
2) Črtanje treh izvzetij:
2) Deletion of three exemptions :
Obloge iz kroma : Po navedbah SCHERA uporaba PFOS v oblogah iz kroma predstavlja zdaleč največji vir emisij PFOS v okolje.
Chromium plating : According to SCHER, the use of PFOS in chromium plating represents by far the biggest source of emissions of PFOS to the environment.
Pri nekaterih oblogah iz kroma se lahko PFOS nadomestijo tako, da se namesto Cr (VI) uporablja Cr (III), kar pomeni znaten prihranek stroškov.
For certain chromium applications, PFOS can be substituted by replacing Cr (VI) with Cr (III) with significant cost savings.
Pri drugih oblogah iz kroma se lahko PFOS nadomestijo z mehanskimi opcijami za preprečevanje rosenja in boljšim izpustom zraka.
In other applications, the use of PFOS can be replaced by mechanical mist suppression options and improved ventilation extraction.
Velika večina članov odbora je ta pristop podprla.
A broad majority of the committee supported this approach.
Pene za gašenje požarov : Pene za gašenje požarov, ki vsebujejo PFOS, predstavljajo večino izdelkov s to snovjo.
Fire fighting foams : PFOS-containing fire fighting foams represent by far the biggest stock of PFOS-containing products.
Zaradi zelo nevarnih lastnosti PFOS ni dopustno, da se dovoli uporaba preostalih zalog, če so na voljo druge varnejše možnosti.
Given the very dangerous properties of PFOS, it is not acceptable to allow that remaining stocks are used when safer alternatives are available.
Velika večina članov odbora je podprla pristop s prehodnim obdobjem za trenutne zaloge.
An overwhelming majority of the committee supported this approach with a transition period for the replacement of existing stocks.
Nadzorovani zaprti sistemi : Specifikacije v predlogu Komisije o nadzorovanem zaprtem sistemu dovoljujejo izpuste in so zato v nasprotju s konceptom nadzorovanih zaprtih sistemov.
Controlled closed systems : The specifications given in the Commission proposal for a controlled closed system would allow releases and are as such contradictory to the concept of controlled closed systems.
Takšno izjvzetje, še zlasti v tako nedoločeni splošni obliki, je nesprejemljivo.
Such an exemption, especially in an unspecific generic form, is unacceptable.
Velika večina članov odbora je podprla strožjo opredelitev in rok.
An overwhelming majority of the committee supported a tighter definition with a time-limit.
3) Časovna omejitev preostalih treh izvzetij z možnostjo podaljšanja odstopanja za dve uporabi: Odstopanja od opustitve se odobrijo samo za določeno časovno obdobje, da se spodbudi iskanje nadomestnih snovi.
3) Time-limitation of remaining three exemptions, with a possibility to extend the derogation for two applications : Derogations from the phase-out should only be given for a limited period of time so as to give an incentive towards substitution.
Časovne omejitve se določi za vsak primer posebej.
Time-limits should be set case-by-case.
Za dve uporabi je upravičeno dovoliti podaljšanje časovnega obdobja, če proizvajalci lahko dokažejo, da so vložili vse svoje napore v razvoj drugih varnejših možnosti ali procesov in da ti še niso na voljo.
For two applications, it is justified to allow for an extension of the time-limit, if manufacturers can prove that they undertook all efforts to develop safer alternatives or alternative processes, and that safer alternatives or alternative processes are still not available.
Velika večina članov odbora je podprla podaljšanje roka za vse izjeme.
An overwhelming majority of the committee supported the extension of the time-limit for all exemptions.
Fotolitografija : Po ocenah študij bo proces nadomestitve PFOS v fotolitografiji trajal najmanj 3 do 4 leta.
Photolithography : Studies estimate that the substitution process of PFOS in photolithography would take a minimum of 3-4 years.
Zato je primerno, da se določi časovni okvir štirih let za opustitev njihove uporabe z možnostjo podaljšanja tega odstopanja, kot je opisano zgoraj.
It is thus reasonable to set a timeframe of 4 years for the phase out of this use, with the possibility to extend this derogation as described above.
Odstopanje se dovoli samo v primerih, kjer takšna uporaba poteka v nadzorovanih zaprtih sistemih, kot to določa zakonodaja Skupnosti o kemikalijah.
This derogation should only be given when such uses take place in controlled closed systems as defined in Community legislation on chemicals.
Velika večina članov odbora je podprla širši časovni okvir (8 let).
An overwhelming majority of the committee supported a larger timeframe (8 years).
Industrijski fotografski premazi: V zadnjih letih se je več kot 80 % uporabe PFOS za te namene uspešno nadomestilo z varnejšimi snovmi.
Industrial photographic coatings: More than 80% of this use of PFOS has already been successfully replaced by safer substances in the past years.
Glede na prihodnje tehnološke spremembe zaradi prehoda na digitalno fotografijo je primerno predvideti, da se bo lahko preostala uporaba zamenjala v štirih letih.
Given further technology changes due to the shift to digital photography, it is reasonable to assume that the remaining uses can be substituted within 4 years.
Velika večina članov odbora je podprla širši časovni okvir (6 let).
An overwhelming majority of the committee supported a longer timeframe (6 years).
Hidravlične tekočine, ki se uporabljajo v letalstvu : Trenutno ne obstajajo druge možnosti za PFOS in hidravlične tekočine.
Hydraulic fluids for aviation : There are currently no alternatives available for PFOS in hydraulic fluids.
Proces potrditve komercialne uporabe nove tekočine v letalstvu je trajal približno 10 let.
The process of qualifying a new fluid for use in commercial aircraft has historically taken about 10 years.
Zato je primerno, da se odobri časovno odstopanje 10 let za njihovo opustitev z možnostjo podaljšanja (glej zgoraj) in s tem zagotovi potreben čas za razvoj novih možnosti.
It is, therefore, reasonable to give a 10-year derogation - which may be extended (see above) - from the phase-out to allow for sufficient time to develop alternatives.
Velika večina članov odbora je ta pristop podprla.
An overwhelming majority of the committee supported this approach.
4) Seznam izdelkov v uporabi, ki vsebujejo PFOS: Glede na znaten upad proizvodnje PFOS po letu 2000 bi nekdanje uporabe – ki pa dejansko še vedno obstajajo – lahko predstavljale največji vir emisij.
4) Inventory of PFOS products in use : Given the major drop in PFOS production after 2000, former uses - that however still exist in the real world - may represent the biggest source of emissions.
Da bi preprečili širjenje PFOS iz teh izdelkov v okolje, morajo države članice sestaviti seznam vseh izdelkov, ki vsebujejo PFOS, in sprejeti potrebne ukrepe, s katerimi bodo preprečile njihovo nadaljnjo širitev v okolje.
To avoid that PFOS from these products is released to the environment, Member States should establish inventories of all products containing PFOS and take the necessary measures to avoid further releases of PFOS to the environment from these.
Velika večina članov odbora se s pristopom strinja.
A wide majority of the committee agreed with this approach.
5) Razširitev opustitve na PFOA: Perfluorooktanojska kislina (PFOA) in njene soli predstavljajo podobno nevarnost zaradi analogne strukture kot pri PFOS.
5) Add PFOA to the scope of the phase-out : Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and its salts are of similar concern due to structural analogy with PFOS.
Ocena, ki jo je izdelala ameriška agencija za varovanje okolja (EPA) leta 2002, je pokazala na možen obstoj sistemske toksičnosti in kancerogenosti, iz podatkov o analizah krvi pa izhaja velika izpostavljenost celotnega prebivalstva tem snovem.
An assessment by the US EPA from 2002 indicated potential systemic toxicity and carcinogenicity, and blood monitoring data suggested widespread exposure to the general population.
Številne študije so pokazale, da so PFOA in njene soli tudi zelo obstojne v okolju in človeškem telesu.
Numerous studies have shown that PFOA and its salts are also highly persistent in the environment and in humans.
Ta direktiva mora zato predvideti tudi opustitev uporabe PFOA in njenih soli v treh letih po začetku veljavnosti.
This Directive should therefore also phase out the use of PFOA and its salts within three years after entry into force.
Proizvajalcem se na podlagi prošnje, ki jo morajo predložiti v roku 18 mesecev, lahko odobri odstopanje za uporabe bistvenega pomena, če lahko dokažejo, da so vložili vse svoje napore v razvoj drugih varnejših možnosti ali procesov in da ti še niso na voljo.
Subject to a request within 18 months, manufacturers would be granted a derogation for essential uses, if they can prove that they undertook all efforts to develop safer alternatives or alternative processes, and that safer alternatives or alternative processes are still not available.
Države članice morajo enako, kakor je predvideno za PFOS, sestaviti sezname vseh izdelkov, ki vsebujejo PFOA, in sprejeti potrebne ukrepe, s katerimi bodo preprečile, da bi se iz teh izdelkov še naprej širila v okolje.
In analogy to the provisions of PFOS, Member States should also establish inventories of all products containing PFOA and take the necessary measures to avoid further releases of PFOS to the environment from these products.
Ta pristop podpira velika večina članov odbora.
This approach was followed by a broad majority of the committee.
Končne opombe
Final remarks
Na trgu je na stotine perfluoriranih sestavin.
There are hundreds of perfluorinated compounds on the market.
Uporabljajo se zaradi svojih specifičnih lastnosti, zato je zelo verjetno, da kažejo vsaj eno od nevarnih lastnosti PFOS in PFOA.
Their use is due to their specific properties - and as such they are likely to show at least some of the hazardous properties of PFOS and PFOA.
Vključitev teh snovi v direktivo presega pristojnosti in vlogo poročevalca, še posebej v luči dejstva, da bo kmalu začela veljati nova kmetijska zakonodaja REACH.
It goes beyond the capacity and role of the rapporteur to include these substances into the scope of this Directive, all the more that the new chemical legislation REACH should soon be in place.
Na žalost se poročevalec boji, da bo glede na relativno majhno količino večine perfluoriranih sestavin in glede na politične kompromise v zvezi z REACH trajalo še dolgo, preden bo lahko REACH zaščitil zdravje ljudi in okolje pred drugimi perfluoriranimi sestavinami, razen če se proti njim ne bodo sprejeli posebni ukrepi.
Unfortunately, given the relatively low volume of most perfluorinated compounds, and the political compromises on REACH, your rapporteur is afraid that it may still take a long time before REACH will be able to protect human health and the environment against other perfluorinated compounds, unless specific action is taken against these.
Predlog direktive Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta v zvezi z omejitvami pri trženju in uporabi perfluorooktan sulfonatov (sprememba Direktive Sveta 76/769/EGS)
Proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of perfluorooctane sulfonates (amendment of Council directive 76/769/EEC)
s predlogom priporočila Evropskega parlamenta Svetu o pogajanjih za sklenitev sporazuma z Združenimi državami Amerike o uporabi evidence imen letalskih potnikov (PNR) za boj proti terorizmu in mednarodnemu kriminalu, vključno z organiziranim kriminalom, ter za njihovo preprečevanje
with a proposal for a European Parliament recommendation to the Council on the negotiations for an agreement with the United States of America on the use of passenger name records (PNR) data to prevent and combat terrorism and transnational crime, including organised crime
PREDLOG PRIPOROČILA B6-0382/2006..............................................................................10
PROPOSAL FOR A RECOMMENDATION B6-0382/2006...................................................12
o pogajanjih za sklenitev sporazuma z Združenimi državami Amerike o uporabi evidence imen letalskih potnikov (PNR) za boj proti terorizmu in mednarodnemu kriminalu, vključno z organiziranim kriminalom, ter za njihovo preprečevanje
on the negotiations for an agreement with the United States of America on the use of passenger name records (PNR) data to prevent and combat terrorism and transnational crime, including organised crime
– ob upoštevanju predloga priporočila Svetu avtorice Sophie in 't Veld v imenu skupine ALDE o vsebini sporazuma z Združenimi državami Amerike o uporabi evidence imen letalskih potnikov (PNR) za boj proti terorizmu in mednarodnemu kriminalu, vključno z organiziranim kriminalom, ter za njihovo preprečevanje ( B6-0382/2006 ),
- having regard to the proposal for a recommendation to the Council by Sophia in 't Veld on behalf of the ALDE Group on the content of the Agreement with the United States of Amercia on the use of Passenger Name Records (PNR) data to prevent and combat terrorism and transnational crime, including organised crime ( B6-0382/2006 ),
– ob upoštevanju člena 114(3) in člena 94 svojega poslovnika,
– having regard to Rule 114(3) and Rule 94 of its Rules of Procedure,
– ob upoštevanju poročila Odbora za državljanske svoboščine, pravosodje in notranje zadeve ( A6‑0252/2006 ),
– having regard to the report of the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs ( A6‑0252/2006 ),
A. ob opozorilu na svoje prejšnje resolucije o vprašanju podatkov s PNR
A. recalling its previous resolutions on the PNR issue
Resolucija o prenosu osebnih podatkov s strani letalskih družb v primerih čezoceanskih letov (13. marec 2003) doc.
Resolution on transfer of personal data by airlines in the case of transatlantic flights (13 March 2003 )doc.
P5_TA(2003)0097 , Resolucija o prenosu osebnih podatkov s strani letalskih družb v primerih čezoceanskih letov: stanje pogajanj z ZDA (9. oktober 2003) doc.
P5_TA(2003)0097 , Resolution on transfer of personal data by airlines in the case of transatlantic flights: state of negotiations with the USA (9 October 2003) doc.
P5_TA(2003)0429 in Resolucija o osnutku odločbe Komisije, ki ugotavlja ustrezno raven zaščite, ki je zagotovljena za osebne podatke, vključene v evidenco imen letalskih potnikov (PNR), ki je bila posredovana Uradu ZDA za carine in zaščito meja ( 2004/2011(INI) ) (31. marec 2004) doc.
P5_TA(2003)0429 and the Resolution on the draft Commission decision noting the adequate level of protection provided for personal data contained in the Passenger Name Records (PNRs) transferred to the US Bureau of Customs and Border Protection ( 2004/2011(INI) ) (31 March 2004) doc.
P5_TA(2004)0245 , v katerih je Parlament že takoj izrazil:
P5_TA(2004)0245 , in which Parliament expressed from the outset:
- svojo pripravljenost, da javnim organom iz varnostnih namenov dovoli dostop do osebnih podatkov potnikov, ko je to potrebno za ugotavljanje istovetnosti in za navzkrižno primerjanje z "opazovalno listo" nevarnih ljudi ali znanih zločincev in teroristov (kot se to dela v EU v zvezi s schengensko konvencijo ali v skladu z direktivo 2004/82/ES
- its readiness to authorise access by public authorities to passengers’ personal data for security purposes when necessary for the purposes of identifying and cross-checking them against a “watch list” of dangerous persons or known criminals and terrorists (as is done in the EU in connection with Schengen Convention or under Directive 2004/82/EC
24. , ki omogočata dostop do podatkov o istovetnosti, s katerimi upravljajo letalske družbe, prek sistema APIS (Advance Passenger Information System)), in
24. , which give access to identification data managed by airlines through the Advance Passenger Information System (APIS), and