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Novi izzivi ob 10. obletnici ekonomske in monetarne unije
Challenges ahead after 10 years of Economic and Monetary Union
V dokumentu, naslovljenem EMU @10, Evropski parlament predstavlja svoje poglede na dosedanje delovanje ekonomske in monetarne unije ter evroobmočja.
MEPs have set out their views on how the Economic and Monetary Union could be developed in the years to come.
Poročilo so poslanci v torek potrdili s 545 glasovi za, 86 proti in 37 vzdržanimi glasovi.
They adopted a report focusing on the ECB, the Lisbon Strategy, the Stability and Growth Pact, external representation for the eurozone and financial services supervision, among other issues, all seen in the light of the current economic downturn.
Poročevalca Pervenche BERÈS (PES, FR) in Werner LANGEN (EPP-ED, DE) poudarjata, da je evro prinesel stabilnost in spodbudil gospodarsko povezovanje v evroobmočju, ima pa tudi stabilizacijski učinek na svetovnih valutnih trgih.
The report, drawn up by Pervenche Berès (PES, FR, Chair of the Economic and Monetary Affairs Committee) and Werner Langen (EPP-ED, DE), adopted on Tuesday by 545 votes in favour to 86 against with 37 abstentions, stresses that euro has helped economic stability, but that more needs to be done to get most from the Economic and Monetary Union, including coordinated economic reforms as set out in the Lisbon Strategy - this would also help in recovering from the current financial crisis.
Obenem dodajata, da je treba storiti več, da bi lahko Evropejci v celoti uživali koristi EMU, vključno s skladnejšimi in časovno usklajenimi gospodarskimi reformami na podlagi integriranih političnih smernic Lizbonske strategije za rast in zaposlitev.
Parliament stresses the need to need to stick closely to the Stability and Growth Pact, and argue for more budgetary consolidation - but also efficient public spending.
Pakt je po mnenju poslancev pomemben politični okvir v času močnih gospodarskih pretresov, z njegovim izvajanjem pa naj bi zagotovili ustrezne ukrepe za izboljšanje položaja javnih financ.
MEPs say budgetary policy should draw fully on the degree of flexibility permitted by the revised Pact.
Parlament se tudi zavzema za nadaljnje konsolidacije proračunov in visoko učinkovitost javnih izdatkov.
Price stability and inflation targeting
Podpira povečanje naložb v izobraževanje, človeški kapital, razvoj in raziskave ter infrastrukturo, kar vodi v rast in lahko spodbudi zaposlovanje.
MEPs say wage moderation should not be seen as the exclusive way to achieve price stability – in fact, real wages should rise in line with productivity levels.
Stabilnost cen in inflacija
They strongly back the independence of the European Central Bank.
Poslanci svarijo pred tem, da bi se stabiliziranje cen dosegalo predvsem z osredotočanjem na zmernost plač, saj je zmanjševanje plač povzročila že povečana konkurenca zaradi globalizacije.
When it comes to its definition of price stability, MEPs suggest the ECB should move towards a direct inflation targeting regime, where a point inflation target is supplemented by a range of permitted fluctuations around the target rate – this would be similar to the targets set for the Bank of England in Britain.
Zagotoviti bi bilo treba dejansko povečanje plač v skladu z rastjo produktivnosti.
This should not, say MEPs, preclude focussing on the dynamics of monetary aggregates in order to avoid new asset bubbles.
Parlament zagovarja neodvisnost Evropske centralne banke (ECB), ki pa bi morala po mnenju poslancev sprejeti režim neposrednega ciljanja inflacije, kjer se ciljna inflacijska stopnja dopolni z razponom nihanja.
Parliament repeats is calls for the ECB executive board to be made up of peoples with a variety of economic, financial and monetary backgrounds.
ECB bi morala tudi objaviti svoje napovedi o inflaciji.
It says that, in future, the board should have nine members, and be exclusively responsible for setting interest rates.
Širitev evroobmočja
Euro area enlargement
Parlament zahteva, da tudi vse države članice zunaj evroobmočja spoštujejo maastrichtske kriterije ter prenovljeni pakt stabilnosti in rasti.
MEPs stress the need for equal treatment for euro Member States and those seeking to join.
Ob tem je treba zagotoviti enakopravno obravnavo članic evroobmočja in držav, ki se želijo pridružiti, pri čemer je dolgoročna stabilnost območja cilj v skupnem interesu in tesno povezana s širitvijo.
They also insist that joining the euro requires full adherence to all the Maastricht criteria.
Komisija bi morala novim državam članicam pomagati, da pripravijo svoje državljane na uvedbo evra z izvajanjem intenzivne informacijske kampanje ter rednim poročanjem o najboljši praksi za izvajanje nacionalnih akcijskih načrtov za uvedbo.
They argue that the Commission should Commission should undertake intensive information campaign in new MS to prepare citizens for euro.
Mednarodna vloga evra in zunanje zastopanje
Governance and international representation of the euro area
Program ukrepov EMU bodo po mnenju Parlamenta v naslednjem desetletju med drugim zaznamovali izzivi, ki nastajajo zaradi gospodarskega vzpona azijskih držav, zato poslanci obžalujejo, da naraščajoči vlogi evra v svetovnem merilu ne ustreza tudi prizadevanje za boljšo zunanjo zastopanost evroobmočja glede finančnih in monetarnih vprašanj.
Parliament says it regrets the lack of progress in improving euro area international representation and that ultimately, the area should have single seat in international financial institutions.
Evroobmočje bi naj tako imelo enotno zastopstvo v ustreznih mednarodnih finančnih institucijah in forumih, do oblikovanja te rešitve pa naj bi se vpliv EMU v mednarodnih forumih okrepil s skupnim stališčem EU, ki ga bodo zastopali izbrani predstavniki, kot so predsednik evroskupine, Komisija in predsednik ECB.
In the meantime, the MEPs encourage the idea that common EU positions could be represented by Eurogroup chair, Commission and ECB President in international bodies.
Parlament, Svet, Komisija, evroskupina in socialni partnerji na ravni EU ter na nacionalni ravni bi morali sodelovati pri krepitvi prihodnjega delovanja EMU v zvezi z gospodarskim upravljanjem.
The report identifies a wide range of areas where the economic governance of the euro area could be improved.
Med predlogi Parlamenta je pobuda za oblikovanje evroskupin na področju konkurenčnosti, industrije, okolja, zaposlovanja in izobraževanja.
Among the proposals is the idea that the Eurogroup should have formations consisting of competitiveness, environment, employment and education ministers as well as the current Eurogroup of finance ministers.
Na mednarodni ravni pa naj bi bil eden od korakov organiziranje svetovne monetarne konference pod pokroviteljstvom Mednarodnega denarnega sklada in vpeljava mehanizma za reševanje sporov v okviru MDS.
MEPs also want to see a world monetary conference for global consultations – and perhaps also a monetary dispute settlement mechanism under the IMF.
Poročilo: Pervenche Berès, Werner Langen (A6-0420/2008) - EMU@10: Prvih deset let ekonomske in monetarne unije ter prihodnji izzivi
20081117IPR42143 EMU@10: The first 10 years of Economic and Monetary Union and future challenges Text, as adopted by the EP, will be available here (click on 18 November)
Enako plačilo za moške in ženske
Tackling the pay gap between men and women
Evropski parlament je v torek s 580 glasovi za, 23 proti in 46 vzdržanimi glasovi sprejel poročilo, s katerim poziva Komisijo, naj pripravi predlog o reviziji obstoječe zakonodaje na področju uporabe načela enakega plačila za moške in ženske.
The European Parliament adopted a legislative initiative report recommending a revision of existing legislation on equal pay.
Poročevalka Edit BAUER (EPP-ED, SK) med drugim navaja podatke, da ženske v Evropski uniji v povprečju zaslužijo 15 odstotkov manj kot moški, razlike pa se gibljejo med 4 in 25 odstotki.
In the European Union, women earn on average 15% less and up to 25 % less in the private sector.
Največje so v zasebnem sektorju (25 odstotkov), v zadnjih 30 letih pa ni opaziti znatnega zmanjševanja te razlike oziroma je napredek zelo počasen (od 17 odstotkov leta 1995 na 15 odstotkov leta 2005).
In spite of the legislation in force for more than thirty years, the pay gap between women and men has been persistent, still varying between 4 and 25 % among the Member States with no narrowing trend, states the report adopted by 590 votes four, 23 against and 46 abstentions.
Kot enega od vzrokov poročevalka navaja sistem določanja višine plač, pri katerem se upošteva dolžina storitve.
EP sends strong signal to Commission
Pomanjkanje informacij med delodajalci in zaposlenimi o obstoječih ali možnih razlikah v plačilu v podjetju oslabi izvajanje načela enakosti.
The report suggests the introduction of obligatory regular pay audits for enterprises and the publication of their results.
Pristojni bi morali biti za spremljanje, poročanje, po možnosti pa tudi za učinkovitejše ter bolj neodvisno izvrševanje zakonodaje na področju enakosti spolov.
Equality bodies should also play a special role by influencing more effectively and more independently the application of gender equality legislation.
In veliko je evropskih držav, ki ne premorejo 30-odstotnega deleža žensk v politiki.
The resolution shall be adopted by a majority of the component Members of Parliament.
Tudi v odgovoru na to vprašanje se strinjam s poročevalko, ki pravi, da zakonodaja ni dovolj učinkovita in da lahko in moramo ukrepati.
Parliament may, at the same time, fix a deadline for the submission of such a proposal.
Sadje za šolske otroke
More fruit and veg for children at school say MEPs
Poslanci Evropskega parlamenta podpirajo uredbo o vzpostavitvi sistema razdeljevanja sadja v šolah.
The European Parliament adopted a report which urges an expansion in the EU programme for distributing fruit and vegetables in schools.
Predlog so v torek podprli s 586 glasovi za, 47 proti in 41 vzdržanimi glasovi.
The report was adopted with 586 votes in favour, 47 against and 41 abstentions.
Ob tem pa Parlament še predlaga, da bi moralo biti pobudi namenjenih več sredstev, pri čemer naj bi imeli prednost lokalni ponudniki biološko pridelanega sadja in zelenjave.
In the European Union around 22 million children are overweight and more than 5 million are obese, mainly owing to excessive consumption of fatty, sweet or salty food.
Poročevalec Niels BUSK (EPP-ED, DK) navaja, da Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija priporoča vsaj 400 gramov sadja in zelenjave dnevno.
The World Health Organisation recommends consumption of at least 400g of fruit and vegetables per day for children under the age of 11.
V Evropski uniji se zaužije premalo sadja in zelenjave, poleg tega pa se njuna poraba zmanjšuje.
Parliament has already - on 25 September - adopted an own-initiative report on the fight against obesity, in which it called for fruit and vegetables to be stocked in vending machines in schools and for school curricula to include information on balanced diets.
Obenem je med otroki vedno več debelosti: ocenjuje se, da je v Uniji 22 milijonov otrok s prekomerno telesno težo, za 5,1 milijona teh pa velja, da je njihova telesna teža hudo prekomerna.
How much funding is needed?
Pogosto uživanje sadja in zelenjave zmanjša tveganje za številne bolezni ter preprečuje prekomerno in hudo prekomerno težo.
When the fruit and vegetable sector of the CAP was reformed last year, the European Parliament and the Member States called for a programme to be set up for distributing fruit and vegetables in schools to encourage children to eat more healthily.
Prehranjevalne navade se oblikujejo v otroštvu in kaže, da tisti, ki se kot otroci naučijo jesti veliko sadja in zelenjave, to počnejo tudi kot odrasli.
The European Commission has proposed a budget of €90 million for this programme for the school year 2009-2010.
Ob pomoči ustreznih izobraževalnih programov bi morala služiti tudi večjemu osveščanju otrok glede menjanja letnih časov, zato bi morali v šolah prednostno razdeljevati sezonsko sadje, ki pa naj bo raznoliko.
The report calls for the Community contribution to be increased to €500 million for the year in question.
Prednost lokalnim, ekološkim in tradicionalnim sortam
Preference for produce grown in Europe
Prednost naj bi imeli sezonski in lokalni proizvodi, da bi se izognili nepotrebnim prevozom, ki imajo za posledico onesnaževanje okolja.
The report also calls for the practical arrangements for the programme to be clarified.
Posebna pozornost naj bi se namenila biološko pridelanemu sadju in zelenjavi, če sta na voljo.
MEPs say it should cover only fruit and vegetables produced within the EU.
Poslanci se še zavzemajo, da bi bilo v sistemu čim več tradicionalnih sort ter podpirajo majhne pridelovalce.
The fruit and vegetables should meet the highest quality standards and should preferably be seasonal varieties, grown locally.
Komisija je predlagala, da bi se za sistem v šolskem letu namenilo do 90 milijonov evrov, Parlament pa se zavzema za povišanje na 500 milijonov evrov.
Priority should be given to sustainable production.
Dodatni argument poslancev je, da bodo s tem, ko bo v sisteme vključeno večje število otrok, večje tudi zdravstvene koristi.
The report also suggests that the programme not only be restricted to school children in the 6-10 age group but should also be available to pre-school children.
Če je vključenih več otrok, bi bilo treba pobudi dodeliti več pomoči, kot sistemu mleka za šole.
In addition, MEPs want the fruit to be accompanied by health and dietary advice in an appropriate style for children.
Treba bi bilo tudi omogočiti, da sredstva držav članic, ki ne želijo sodelovati, uporabijo druge države članice.
20081117IPR42158 Common Agricultural Policy CAP and Common Market Organisation CMO: School Fruit Scheme (amend.
Voditelji G20 so v Washingtonu predlagali ukrepe za reševanje gospodarske krize Evropski poslanci so v torek popoldne s predstavniki sveta in Komisije razpravljali o posledicah svetovne gospodarske in finančne krize ter ukrepih, ki so jih voditelji držav G20 predlagali na srečanju v Washingtonu.
Report on the G20, from Washington to Strasbourg Parliament debated the financial and economic crisis in the light of the Washington G20 summit.
Prepričan sem, da lahko vzamemo usodo v svoje roke in, v skladu s pričakovanji Evropejcev, delujemo kot globalni igralec," je zaključil francoski minister.
I am certain we can regain control of our destiny and act, as Europeans expect, as a global player."
Poudaril je, da mora biti evropski odgovor pravočasen, natančno usmerjen in začasne narave ter vsebovati ukrepe, ki bodo gospodarstvom v pomoč tudi pri boju proti podnebnim spremembam.
"In Washington, everyone understood that all economies are interdependent so we in Europe have to accept that and come up with responses," he said.
Joseph DAUL (EPP-ED, DE): "Finančna kriza ne predstavlja poraza kapitalizma, temveč je rezultat politične napake, pomanjkanja pravil in nadzora ter pomanjkljive preglednosti finančnih trgov.
On behalf of the EPP-ED group, Joseph DAUL (FR) said the financial and economic crisis did not represent "a defeat of capitalism" but was a result of poor regulation, a lack of market transparency and the lack of proper financial supervisory bodies.
Ukrepe potrebujemo sedaj, kar se da hitro, zato pričakujem, da bomo ustrezne predloge dobili že decembra."
Diana WALLIS (ALDE, UK) said that as regards the world financial crisis and the Commission legislative work programme, the latter, she said should in a sense be our response to the former.
Že v prvi polovici leta, v času slovenskega predsedstva, je bilo govora o nevarnosti pregrevanja gospodarstva.
Kathy SINNOTT (IND/DEM, IE) said that while the crisis has hit different countries around Europe in different ways, one thing is certain: the financial institutions in all countries to some degree or another have bought toxic US mortgage debts based on subprime lending..
Vodje držav menijo, da se lahko vrnemo v prejšnje stanje in da je vse kar potrebujemo, gospodarska rast.
Giles CHICHESTER (EPP-ED, UK) said that Europe is presented with a big challenge because most measures of fiscal policy need to be taken at national level, yet the EU has a crucial role of coordination.
Brian CROWLEY (UEN, IE): "EU, ZDA, Indija in Kitajska morajo sodelovati, da zagotovijo enotna pravila in standarde, da bi lahko upravljali globalne finančne storitve in njihove trge v prihodnosti.
Andrew DUFF (ALDE, UK) said that the crisis is going to have a dramatic effect on the future of the euro.
Vsaka kriza je takšna, da ljudje pravijo, nikoli več ne bo enako.
Denmark and Sweden should, he said, become members before they expected and, in Britain too, it is time for the debate to begin.
Toda vse se ponavlja ciklično, vse se vrača, o tem - o plimi in oseki - vam lahko pove najpreprostejši ribič.
In 1997, he said, Mr Brown established five famous so-called tests before we could adjudge sterling's accession to the single currency.
Toda to ni odgovor ali izgovor za probleme, da bi opravičili tiste, ki so krizo povzročili.
Suddenly, in this crisis, all these five are met.
Največja nevarnost danes v poslovnem svetu, gospodarstvu in zaposlovanju v Evropi ni finančna kriza, ampak dejstvo, da banke nočejo posojati denarja malim in srednjim podjetjem.
The pound has fallen to a competitive exchange-rate level, labour markets are flexible, the City, once so proud, now risks being pushed aside by stronger supervision and regulation inside the euro zone, and the economic cycles of Britain and the euro zone are now completely in sync as we plunge into recession at the same time.
Kriza nam daje priložnost popraviti napake iz preteklosti, vlagati v raziskave in inovacije, da dajemo ljudem upanje - ljudje potrebujejo včasih le spodbudo."
"If he fails to achieve that, the pound will be like a permanent ping-pong ball, bouncing in an uncontrolled manner between the big footballs of the euro and the dollar."
Monica FRASSONI (Zeleni/ALE, IT): "Finančno krizo bi lahko zlahka napovedali.
Malcolm HARBOUR (EPP-ED, UK) said that small businesses are going to be the engines of job recreation.
EU plačuje cene za zamude pri ukrepanju.
"That is where your priorities lie.
Nismo imeli mehanizmov solidarnosti, ni bilo nadzora bank.
I do not get any sense that this is a real response to the crisis at all."
Odgovorni za zamude in tisti ki podpirajo to, da smo sedaj v recesiji, ste tudi vi, g.
We need, he said, real action on the things that are going to make real differences to jobs out there now and in the future.
Ko razpravljate, želim da tudi jasno poveste, da so imeli prav tisti, ki so želeli pravila in da ste bili vi v zmoti. (...)
Robert STURDY (EPP-ED, UK) said that at a time when the world is seeing the most important financial crisis that has ever hit us, we are looking at a failure so far on the Doha Round.
Razvrednotenje dela, ki je bilo rezultat liberalizacije, je vodilo v nepoštenost in trpljenje.
Mr Bushill-Matthews recognised that changing culture takes time and also, speaking as the coordinator for the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs for the EPP-ED Group, that committee is not always the greatest ally in the cause of better and simplified regulation.
Tudi to je del finančne krize."
He extended an invitation to the Commission President to come and address his committee - "maybe that would help make our committee help your work, and we could then become part of the solution."
Hanne DAHL (IND/DEM, DK): "Ko postanejo podjetja le mehurček v jacuzziju špekulacij, ko kapital države postane stranski proizvod, je stanje resno.
John PURVIS (EPP-ED, UK) expressed concern at the grave danger of rushing to excessive misguided regulation and to unintended consequences.
Moramo si prizadevati za rešitev finančne krize, tu pa hodimo kot mačka okoli vrele kaše.
An example in the new capital requirements directive, he said, is the proposed 5% retention of securitisation proceeds.
Štiri svoboščine in pakt stabilnosti stvari ne morejo olajšati, nasprotno.
Lack of securitisation possibilities is the principal reason that credit has dried up now.
Postaviti moramo nov okvir, zgraditi novo finančno arhitekturo - toda tega načrta v kakšni šoli arhitekture sploh ne bi sprejeli.
We need the banks to lend but no, this misguided principle, which lacks an impact assessment, will prevent a restart of securitisation and the credit which our business and industry so badly needs.
Nekaj moramo sprejeti glede likvidnosti.
Ask the motor car industry how it will prosper if securitisation is snuffed out.
Rada bi vam postavila nekaj vprašanj.
That is only one example.
Kaj meni EK, ko pravi "prestrukturiranje bančnega sektorja bo storjeno tako, da bomo zagotovili pošteno... " - ali to pomeni, da mora javni sektor zagotoviti kapital?
If we suspend true and fair accounting, if we go out of our way to kill hedge funds and private equity and incentives to innovators, risk takers and even bankers, as Mr Schulz and the Socialists require, we will only delay and kill altogether that recovery."
Ali bodo vzpostavljene nove bonitetne agencije, saj so prejšnje popolnoma neučinkovite in jim ne moremo zaupati?"
"Most of those in power have ignored history and accepted the ideological mumbo jumbo which we have just heard now from the last three speakers that the market is a self-balancing natural phenomenon and government has no role in interfering with it.
Tisti, ki so trgovali s svobodo trga, so izgubili tako svobodo kot denar.
It is not bankers and right-wing politicians who are losing.
Zato moramo zagotoviti, da se jim bo denar vrnil v obliki posojil podjetjem in pri tem bo treba banke strogo nadzirati."
"But whatever we do, there are people now in business, on farms and in households who cannot get small amounts of credit to keep themselves going.
Direktiva o trošarinah
MEPs aim to keep duty free shopping at land borders and regional airports
Dopolnila Parlamenta se tičejo predvsem nakupov v brezcarinskih prodajalnah in okvirnih količin za nakupe tobačnih izdelkov ter alkoholnih pijač.
Parliament says duty free shopping at regional airports and at EU-external land borders should still be possible.
Leta 2003 je bil v Evropski uniji uveden sistem za informatizacijo gibanja in nadzora trošarinskega blaga EMCS.
This position was part of a vote on Commission plans to update the rules on excise duties.
Zakonodaja še določa, kdaj nastane trošarina, kakšni so pogoji za odlog plačila in postopki za gibanje trošarinskega blaga.
Other amendments set out when can travellers have access to duty free shops, and whether there should there be guidelines for the amount of alcohol and tobacco citizens can take across borders.
V direktivi je še določeno, da lahko trošarine oproščeno blago kupujejo samo potniki na poletu ali plovbi v tretjo državo.
MEPs adopted their report by a small majority - 328 in favour to 319 against with 34 abstentions - after some fairly close votes on the issue of distance selling.
Brezcarinske prodajalne tudi na kopenskih mejnih prehodih
Duty free shopping in regional airports - and on land borders.
Besedilo direktive, kot ga predlaga Komisija, omejuje brezcarinsko nakupovanje na lete ali ladijske prevoze v tretjo državo, zato bi ta določba povzročila zapiranje brezcarinskih prodajaln na kopenskih prehodih.
The Commission’s original proposal suggested that air and sea travellers should have access to duty free purchases only when their immediate destination was outside the EU.
Parlament pa vlaga dopolnilo, ki bi ohranilo brezcarinske prodajalne tudi na kopenskih mejah EU s tretjo državo ali tretjim ozemljem, torej tudi na meji Slovenije s Hrvaško.
Parliament says those with a final destination outside the EU can also take advantage of such shopping (so if you are flying from Manchester to Shanghai via Paris, you will still be able to buy, for example, duty free whisky in Manchester, and not have to wait to make your purchase in Paris).