natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Reforma sistema lastnih sredstev (različni prejemki, ki omogočajo financiranje proračuna Skupnosti) je prav zagotovo povezana s težavami finančne perspektive, vendar pa Svet ministrov kljub večkratnim pozivom Parlamenta ni dosegel dogovora.
The reform of the ‘own-resources’ system (the main source of revenue of the EU budget) is closely linked to the Financial Perspective but the Council has so far failed to reach agreement on this, despite repeated urging from Parliament.
Evropska komisija je petindvajseterici predlagala, da razmisli o uvedbi novega sistema financiranja za EU, ki bi bil odvisen od novega davčnega vira, povezanega z energijo, DDV ali davkom od dohodka podjetij.
The Commission has asked the Council to consider a different funding system for the EU, with a new fiscal resource based on an energy tax, VAT or corporate income tax.
Zaenkrat države članice temu močno nasprotujejo.
The Member States have firmly resisted this idea so far.
Drugi kamen spotike petindvajseterice: „britanski rabat“.
Another important issue is the UK rebate.
V tistem obdobju so Britanci ocenili, da so povratna sredstva iz evropskega proračuna premajhna, ker je bil BDP na prebivalca v Veliki Britaniji manjši od povprečja v Uniji.
At the time the UK argued that it received very little from the Community budget even though Britain’s per capita GDP was well below the Community average.
Luksemburško predsedstvo je, da bi rešilo to vprašanje, predlagalo postopno odpravo britanskega rabata, ki je v letu 2004 predstavljal 5,3 milijarde EUR.
The Luxembourg presidency, in a bid to resolve the situation, has suggested phasing-out the UK rebate, which was worth €5.3bn in 2004.
Glede občutljivega vprašanja lastnih sredstev poročilo začasnega odbora omenja, da bo Parlament „ pri svojem končnem glasovanju upošteval “, kako Svet priznava potrebo po reformi sistema lastnih sredstev, da bi omogočil „ pravično “ delitev novih izdatkov med države članice.
On the own resources issue, the temporary committee’s report states that Parliament will ‘ take account in its final vote ’ of how the Council acknowledges the need to reform the own resources system so as to share out new expenditure ‘ fairly ’ among Member States.
Ozadje finančne perspektive
Historical background
Finančna perspektiva načrtuje izdatke Skupnosti v določenem obdobju, glede na pomembne politične prednostne naloge, ki so jih določile evropske institucije.
The Financial Perspective lays down a framework for Community expenditure over a given period, on the basis of broad priorities decided by the EU institutions.
Vsebuje največji obseg in sestavo predvidljivih izdatkov Skupnosti, določijo pa jo Parlament, Svet (vlade) in Komisija z medinstitucionalnim dogovorom.
It establishes the maximum figures and the breakdown of foreseeable expenditure by the Community and is decided jointly by the Parliament, the Council (national governments) and the Commission under an Interinstitutional Agreement.
Cilji finančne perspektive so torej krepitev proračunske discipline, obvladovanje skupne rasti izdatkov in zagotovitev usklajenega poteka postopka.
The aims of the FP are thus to tighten up budgetary discipline, keep the overall increase in spending under control and ensure that the budget procedure functions smoothly.
Po uvedbi tega sistema ostaja proračun Evropske unije trdno pod nadzorom , brez vsakega spodrsljaja.
Since this system was introduced, the EU budget has been kept firmly under control, without the slightest overspend.
Presežek, dosežen leto za letom, v nasprotju s proračunskimi težavami držav članic v nekaterih obdobjih, dokazuje to disciplino pri upravljanju proračunskih sredstev, celo z nezadostno izkoriščenostjo.
The fact that there is a budget surplus year after year indicates how disciplined the EU’s budgetary management has been and contrasts with the budget problems faced by the Member States in some periods.
Absolutna velikost proračuna v odstotkih BDP je skromna .
Moreover, the absolute size of the budget as a percentage of GDP is very modest.
S povprečnim 1 % BDP v obdobju 1988–2002, kar je krepko pod določenimi zgornjimi mejami, se je odstotek izdatkov za proračun Skupnosti v primerjavi z zgornjo mejo lastnih sredstev od leta 1996 stalno zmanjševal.
The Community budget has been equivalent to an average 1% of GDP over the period 1988-2002, i.e. well below the ceilings laid down, and has steadily decreased in relation to the own resources ceiling since 1996.
Poleg tega se je naraščanje odobritev za prevzem obveznosti in odobritev plačil iz proračuna v teh zadnjih letih občutno upočasnilo.
In addition, the increase in commitment and payment appropriations under the budget has slowed down markedly in recent years.
Spomnimo se, da se je obdobje načrtovanja 2000–2006 začelo z deset milijard nižjim zneskom (–11,9 %) v odobritvah za prevzem obveznosti v primerjavi s prejšnjim obdobjem.
And it is worth noting that the programming period 2000-2006 started out at a figure of 10 billion euros less (-11.9%) in commitment appropriations than the previous period.
Letno povečanje proračuna Skupnosti je občutno bolj umirjeno kot rast nacionalnih proračunov .
Lastly, the annual increases in the Community budget have been far less than the increases in national budgets.
V obdobju 1996–2002 se je proračun Skupnosti povečal za 8,2 % glede na realne izdatke (s 77,032 milijarde EUR, porabljenih leta 1996, na 83,371 milijarde leta 2002).
For the reference period 1996-2002, the Community budget increased by 8.2% in terms of real expenditure (from 77.032 billion euros in 1996 to 83.371 billion in 2002).
V enakem obdobju so se nacionalni izdatki v 15 državah članicah iz tega obdobja povečali povprečno za 22,9 % (z 3532,28 milijarde v letu 1996 na 4342,86 milijarde v letu 2002).
In the same period, the cumulated national expenditure of the 15 current Member States increased on average by 22.9% (from 3532.28 billion in 1996 to 4342.86 billion in 2002).
Četrto izvajanje finančne perspektive
The fourth exercise of its kind
Finančne perspektive so bile uvedene leta 1988 (paket Delors I) in so poimenovane po priimku takratnega predsednika Evropske komisije, Jacquesa Delorsa, ki je sprožil pobudo.
The Financial Perspective was initially created in 1988 as part of the Delors I package, named after the President of the Commission, Jacques Delors, whose brainchild it was.
Ta srednjeročni finančni okvir je prekinil vsakoletne dolgotrajne proračunske seje, ki so pogosto vključevale spore med državami članicami in/ali institucijami in so bile sestavni del razprav Skupnosti ob koncu 70. let in začetku 80. let prejšnjega stoletja.
This medium-term financial framework put an end to the annual budget marathons, which were often a source of serious conflict between the Member States and/or the institutions and were a regular feature of news stories about the Community in the late 1970s/early 1980s.
Evropski parlament in Svet, obe veji proračunskega organa, sta si večkrat močno nasprotovala, zlasti glede povišanja neobveznih izdatkov (danes ti izdatki, glede katerih ima zadnjo besedo EP, vplivajo zlasti na socialne in regionalne sklade, raziskave, energijo, z izjemo kmetijstva).
The European Parliament and the Council of Ministers, known together as ‘ the two arms of the budgetary authority ’ , disagreed vehemently on a number of occasions, particularly over increases in non-compulsory expenditure (nowadays this expenditure, on which Parliament has the final say, includes the social and regional funds, research and energy, with the most striking exception being agriculture).
Trikrat, leta 1979, 1982 in 1985, je Parlament zavrnil proračun.
On three occasions, in 1979, 1982 and 1985, Parliament even went so far as to reject the budget.
Finančna perspektiva določa zgornje meje za skupne izdatke in posamezne kategorije izdatkov.
The Financial Perspective lays down ceilings for total expenditure and for each category of spending.
V obdobju sedanjega načrtovanja je teh kategorij sedem: kmetijstvo, strukturni ukrepi, notranja politika, zunanji ukrepi, upravni izdatki, rezerve, predpristopna pomoč.
For the current programming period, there are seven categories: agriculture, structural measures, internal policies, external action, administrative expenditure, reserves and pre-accession aid.
Letni proračunski postopek je še vedno potreben za določanje ravni izdatkov po postavkah.
An annual budgetary procedure is still needed to decide on the level of expenditure for each item each year.
Po zasedanju Evropskega sveta v Edinburgu leta 1992 je bil sklenjen drugi tristranski dogovor za sedem let (paket Delors II), nato pa še eden leta 1999, po zasedanju Evropskega sveta v Berlinu, ki je sprejel Agendo 2000.
Following the Edinburgh European Council in 1992, another agreement was reached covering the next seven years (Delors II package).
Ta tretji medinstitucionalni dogovor je določil finančni okvir za 2000–2006 in je vanj vključil potrebna proračunska sredstva za širitev.
A third accord, reached in 1999 at the Berlin European Council which adopted Agenda 2000, laid down a financial framework for 2000-2006.
Vsakokrat je finančna perspektiva odražala strateške usmeritve in glavne politične izbire:
On each occasion the Financial Perspective has reflected the strategic principles and policy choices of the time:
– 1988-1992 : konec proračunske krize, konec vodilne vloge kmetijstva v proračunu, začetek strukturnih politik;
– 1988-1992 : budgetary crises end, agriculture ceases to dominate the budget, structural policies are launched;
– 1993-1999 : veliko povečanje strukturnih skladov (+41 %), ki so postali glavno orodje gospodarske in socialne kohezije, osnova za skupno valuto;
– 1993-1999: the structural funds are substantially increased (+41%) and become the chief instrument for the economic and social cohesion needed to underpin the single currency;
– 2000-2006 : stabilizacija proračuna Skupnosti, mirovanje lastnih sredstev, ustvarjanje prihrankov za financiranje širitve.
– 2000-2006 : the Community budget is stabilised, own resources do not increase, savings are made to finance enlargement.
Dogovor o finančni perspektivi so vsakokrat spremljala pogajanja o medistitucionalnem sporazumu med Evropsko komisijo, Evropskim parlamentom in Svetom ministrov.
The agreement on the Financial Perspective has been accompanied every time by the negotiation of an Interinstitutional Agreement between the Commission, Parliament and the Council of Ministers.
Ti medinstitucionalni dogovori niso pravno zavezujoči in jih lahko prekine Svet ali Parlament.
These Interinstitutional Agreements are not legally binding and can be abrogated by the Council or Parliament.
Do sedaj so zmanjšali napetosti in podprli iskanje skupnih rešitev.
However, they have so far reduced tension by encouraging both sides to try and reach negotiated solutions.
Omogočili so, da letni proračun že deset let ostaja pod najvišjimi mejami, čeprav ima Parlament še vedno veliko manevrskega prostora za izboljšanje neobveznih izdatkov.
For the last ten years they have also enabled annual budgets to be kept under the maximum limits, although Parliament still has significant room for manoeuvre to amend non-compulsory expenditure.
Končno poročilo začasnega odbora EP.(v angleščini)
Final report of the EP’s Temporary Committee
Izobraževanje brez meja; po Erasmusovih stopinjah
Education without borders; in the footsteps of Erasmus
Ne zgodi se ravno vsak dan, da bi program EU navdihoval popularne filme, a v znamenitem filmu Cédrica Klapischa "Španski hotel" je bil vir navdiha prav program mednarodne izmenjave študentov Erasmus.
It is not every day that an EU programme inspires a popular film, but in Cédric Klapisch's famous film "L’auberge espagnole" (the Spanish youth hostel) the Erasmus student exchange programme proved the inspiration.
V filmu iz leta 2002 se skupina mladih študentov različnih narodnosti, ki so se odločili za enoletni program "Erasmus" na tuji univerzi, znajde v skupnem stanovanju v Barceloni.
In the 2002 film, a group of young students from different nationalities find themselves sharing an apartment in Barcelona when they do an "Erasmus year" at a foreign university.
Klapischov film je pridobil precej oboževalcev med več kot enim milijonom obiskovalcev kina v Evropi, ki so zaključili program Erasmus.
Klapisch's film won a considerable cult following among the over one million European film goers who had themselves completed the Erasmus course.
Obravnava temo prvega bivanja v tujini, prilagajanja različnim kulturam, jezikom in ustvarjanja vezi z vrstniki iz povsem različnih kulturnih okolij.
The film covers the issues of living abroad for the first time, adjusting to different cultures, languages and forming a common bond with people of your age group from totally diverse cultural backgrounds.
Bržkone ni potrebno posebej poudarjati, da je zgodba začinjena z neizogibnimi fizičnimi odnosi med nekaterimi osebami - in s skušnjavami, s katerimi se soočajo daleč proč od doma.
Needless to say the film is spiced up considerably by the inevitable physical relationships that develop between some of the characters - and the temptations they face when being away from home.
Iz Rusije z ljubeznijo
From Russia with love
Klapisch se vrne k tej temi v nadaljevanju filma, ki je junija doživel evropsko premiero.
This is a theme that Klapisch returns to in the sequel to the film that went on general European release in June.
Po režiserjevih besedah "še vedno spoznavajo življenje, vendar so korak naprej, že služijo denar, delajo kariere in iščejo idealnega življenjskega partnerja.
As the director says "they are still learning about life, but this time it's the next step, earning money, having a career and finding an ideal partner for the rest of their life.
To je predvsem film o ljubezni".
It's above all though a film about love".
Naj vas zadnji stavek ne zavede; dosedanje kritike so bile večodel dobre.
Don't let the last sentence put you off though; the reviews thus far have generally been positive.
Erasmus Rotterdamski
Erasmus of Rotterdam
Kaj bi na oba filma porekel veliki filozof, teolog in humanist Erasmus Rotterdamski (1466-1536), ne vemo.
It is not entirely clear what the great philosopher, theologian and humanist Erasmus of Rotterdam (1466-1536) would have made of the films.
Iz njegovega življenjskega prispevka k učenju pa lahko upravičeno sklepamo, da bi zagotovo podprl program, ki je bil poimenovan njemu v čast.
However, given his lifelong contribution to learning we can reasonably assume that he would have supported the programme named in his honour.
Erasmus je vse življenje živel in delal v različnih delih Evrope, kjer je pisal, študiral in poučeval ljudi iz različnih držav.
Erasmus spent his life working and living in different parts of Europe, writing, studying and educating audiences from several countries.
Ponekod ga imenujejo "intelektualni oče reformacije".
He has been described as "intellectual father of the Reformation".
Erasmus danes
Erasmus today
EU je obstoječi program Erasmus uvedla v letu 1987 in odtlej je več kot 1,2 milijona študentov zaključilo program izmenjave na univerzah zunaj meja svojih matičnih držav.
The present Erasmus programme was launched in 1987 by the EU and since then over 1.2 million students have completed exchange courses at universities outside their own countries.
V študijskem letu 2003/2004 je več kot 135.000 študentov obiskovalo 2.199 sodelujočih univerz.
In the 2003/2004 academic year over 135,000 students took part in 2,199 participating universities.
Evropska unija je za obdobje od leta 2000 do 2006 namenila 950 milijonov EUR za projekt, ki podpira izmenjave, medtem ko nacionalne vlade, univerze same in druge organizacije krijejo ostale stroške.
The European Union has allocated €950 million for the project for the period 2000 to 2006 to fund the exchanges while national governments, universities themselves and other organisations make up the shortfalls in funding.
Program že od samega začetka uživa precejšnjo podporo vseh političnih skupin v Evropskem parlamentu.
The programme has always enjoyed considerable cross party support in the European Parliament.
Nemška poslanka Helga Truepel, ki pripada Skupini Zelenih in je podpredsednica parlamentarnega Odbora za kulturo in izobraževanje, je program Erasmus opisala kot "enega najuspešnejših programov, ki jih je EU kdaj uvedla".
Helga Truepel, a German Green member who is Vice-Chairwoman of the parliament's education committee recently described Erasmus as "one of the most successful programmes the EU has ever launched".
Pozvala je k temu, da bi ga razširili, rekoč, da bi moral imeti "vsak študent priložnost sodelovati".
She called for it to be extended saying "every student (should have) the opportunity to participate".
V letu 1995 so program strnili v program EU "Socrates", ki obsega izobraževanje od osnovne do visoke šole in še naprej.
In 1995 the programme was merged into the EU's "Socrates" programme that covers education from school to university and beyond.
Poleg programa Erasmus, ki je namenjen predvsem študentom, obstajajo tudi manjše štipendije "Erasmus Mundus" za tiste, ki bi radi sodelovali v podiplomskih programih.
In addition to the Erasmus course, mainly aimed at undergraduates, there are also smaller "Erasmus Mundus" scholarships for students who want to complete a Masters course.
Kdor razmišlja o tem, da bi izkoristil katero od danih priložnosti in o vloženem naporu, naj ne pozabi Erasmusove misli:"Če dobim malo denarja, si kupim knjigo, in če ga kaj ostane, si kupim še hrano in oblačila".
For those considering taking advantage of these opportunities and the dedication they require, it may be worth bearing in mind another Erasmus quote "when I get a little money, I buy books; and if any is left I buy food and clothes".
Uporabne podrobnosti o programu Erasmus (v angleščini) Preglednica dejstev o izobraževalni politiki EU (v angleščini) Povezava k Odboru za kulturo in izobraževanje Evropskega parlamenta (v angleščini) Spletna stran za Erasmusove študente (v angleščini) Na tej spletni strani je predstavljen profil Erasmusovega življenja in dela (v angleščini) Spletna stran, posvečena zadnjemu filmu Cédrica Klapischa
Practical details about the Erasmus programme Fact sheet on EU education policy Link to the Education and Culture Committee of the European Parliament Website for Erasmus students This website features a profile of the life and work of Erasmus A website dedicated to Cédric Klapisch's latest film
Direktiva o storitvah: navodila za uporabo
Services Directive: Directions for use
Prosti pretok storitev
Free movement of services
Nihče ne ugovarja, vsaj ne odkrito, cilju vzpostavitve pravega notranjega trga storitev v Uniji.
Nobody challenges, at least not openly, the goal of establishing a genuine internal market in services in the Union.
Razhajanja se pojavijo le v zvezi s sredstvi za dosego tega cilja in z obsežnostjo liberalizacije.
However, opinions differ on how to achieve this goal and on the extent of liberalisation.
Dan pred sprejetjem sklepa Evropskega parlamenta je nekaj gotovo: predlog direktive Evropske komisije bo temeljito spremenjen.
On the eve of the European Parliament’s decision one thing is certain: the European Commission’s proposal for a Directive is due to undergo a major face lift.
Cilj o zagotovitvi prostega pretoka storitev v Evropi ni nov.
The objective of ensuring free movement of services in Europe is not new.
Od leta 1957 se je šest držav ustanoviteljic Evropske gospodarske skupnosti zavzemalo za vzpostavitev velikega trga, kjer bi se prosto gibali ljudje, blago, kapital in storitve.
Indeed, as early as 1957, the six founding countries of the European Economic Community undertook to create an important market in which persons, goods, capital and services would circulate freely.
Petinštirideset let pozneje ni bila od štirih svoboščin iz Rimske pogodbe uresničena le tista v zvezi s storitvami:
Forty-five years later, of the four freedoms inscribed in the Treaty of Rome, that covering services has not been achieved:
(...) „treba je potrditi, da se vizija o Evropski uniji z združenim gospodarstvom in resničnost, ki jo evropski državljani in ponudniki storitev vsak dan doživljajo, močno razhajata“, je zapisala Evropska komisija v sporočilu iz leta 2000.
In a communication published in 2000 the Commission wrote: (…) ‘a decade after the envisaged completion of the internal market, there is a huge gap between the vision of an integrated EU economy and the reality as experienced by European citizens and European service providers.’
Pričakovane koristi liberalizacije storitev?
Benefits expected from the liberalisation of services
Evropska komisija ocenjuje, da storitve predstavljajo 70 % v Uniji proizvedenega premoženja in zaposlitev.
The European Commission estimates that services represent 70% of the wealth and jobs generated in the Union.
Evropa ni v celoti izkoristila možnosti tega hitro razvijajočega se trga v zvezi z rastjo in ustvarjanjem novih delovnih mest zaradi stalnega oviranja prostega pretoka storitev.
Europe has not fully exploited the potential of this rapidly expanding market in terms of growth and job creation because of persistent obstacles to the free movement of services.
Poročilo Komisije, objavljeno leta 2002, natančno našteva upravne ovire ali zaščitne ukrepe, prikrite ali diskriminacijske.
A Commission Report published in 2002 scrupulously lists hundreds of disguised or discriminatory administrative obstacles or protectionist measures.
Danes, na primer, mora podjetnik, ki se želi uveljaviti v drugi državi članici, v nekaterih primerih dokazati, da je njegova dejavnost „potrebna za gospodarstvo“.
Nowadays, for example, if a businessman wishes to establish himself in another Member State he must, in certain cases, prove that his activity is ‘economically necessary’.
Kot „potrebno“ se večinoma razume dejavnost, ki ni konkurenčna lokalnim ponudnikom.
‘Necessary’ usually has to be understood as an activity which does not compete with local service providers.
Ponudnik mora tako najprej izvesti študije trga, ki so včasih zelo drage.
This forces the service provider to carry out market studies, which can be very costly.
Odprtost sektorja konkurenci lahko, po mnenju Komisije, spodbudi rast evropskega gospodarstva in ustvarjanje novih delovnih mest.
According to the Commission, opening up the sector to competition could stimulate growth in the European economy and create jobs.
Ta cilj je del lizbonske strategije, ki jo je odobril Evropski parlament in v skladu s katero naj bi evropsko gospodarstvo postalo bolj konkurenčno.
This objective is part of the Lisbon strategy, aimed at making the European economy more competitive, a strategy to which the European Parliament subscribes.
Poleg tega mora imeti tudi potrošnik koristi od liberalizacije storitev.
Besides, the consumer should be able to benefit from this liberalisation too.
Izbira storitev bo večja.
There would be a wider choice of services.
S poenostavitvijo ponudbe storitev v tujini bo imel potrošnik lažji dostop do njih.
If it were simpler to supply services from one country to another, the consumer could access them more easily.
Danes, na primer, veliko držav davkoplačevalcem dodeljuje davčne olajšave v zvezi s poklicnim izobraževanjem, zlasti z učenjem tujega jezika.
For example, many States currently grant tax deductions for professional training and in particular for learning a foreign language.
Toda nacionalne uprave podeljujejo olajšave le kandidatom, ki se izobražujejo v državi izvora in ne v Združenem kraljestvu za angleščino ali v Španiji za španščino.
However, national governments grant these deductions only if the candidates take the courses in their countries of origin and not in the United Kingdom for English or Spain for Spanish.
Vloga Evropskega parlamenta in časovni razpored
The role of the European Parliament and the timetable
V resolucijah iz leta 2001 in 2003 je Evropski parlament menil, da je dokončanje notranjega trga z vzpostavitvijo notranjega trga storitev „najpomembnejša prednostna naloga“.
In its resolutions of 2001 and 2003 the European Parliament regards completion of the internal market by establishing an internal market in services as ‘the top priority’.