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Evropski demografski deficit: Otroci zaželeni!
As Europe ages - how can we tackle its demographic decline?
Med tem ko se Evropska unija širi in splošna blaginja njenih državljanov neprestano raste, Staro celino pestijo druge skrbi: njena družba se stara.
On current trends the average age of people in the European Union could be 49 years of age by 2050.
Otrok je vedno manj, kar ogroža trg dela ter zdravstvene in pokojninske sisteme držav članic.
Combining this with a low birth-rate could mean serious long term implications for the people of Europe.
Demografi svarijo, da Evropejci izumiramo.
This could lead to lower tax receipts as fewer people are of working age and increasing health costs for an aging population.
Vendar pa študije pričajo o tem, da so Evropejci pripravljeni imeli več potomcev, če bi le bila zagotovljena tudi njihova prihodnost.
Encouraging immigration and trying to ensure people are employed for longer are just two potential options - although both are controversial.
Številna poročila evropskih poslancev z različnih vidikov preučujejo možne izhode iz demografske krize, med drugim s področja družinske politike, politike zaposlovanja, prenove pokojninskega in zdravstvenega sistema ter priseljevanja.
A number of reports by MEPs are already starting to examine possible ways forward.
Več o tem preberite v nadaljevanju.
In this focus we look at the issues involved in Europe's demographic decline and examine the MEP's reports - one of which will be debated by the House in February.
Evropejci izginjamo?
Ageing and shrinking Europe - what's the answer?
Danes se sooča z novim deficitom - demografskim.
However, in the coming decades this is an issue the EU will have to face.
Danes za enega upokojenega človeka, starega nad 65 let, delajo povprečno štirje zaposleni,.
As European Commissioner for Employment Affairs Vladimir Špidla explained in October last year when he launched Commission proposals: "today, there are four people of working age for every person over 65, by 2050, this ratio will have dropped to two workers paying for one pensioner."
Spremembe v demografski strukturi Evrope negativno vplivajo tudi na gospodarsko dinamiko, ustvarjalnost in inovacije, kar bi utegnilo privesti do padca rasti evropskega bruto domačega proizvoda na vsega 1,2 odstotka med letoma 2031 in 2050.
Just as a strong economy will be needed to cope with the extra strain staring it is envisaged that the EU's GDP could fall by up to 1.2% between 2031 and 2050 as the population ages.
Vendar ali bodo Evropejci, na stara leta željni lagodnega življenja, volili vlade, ki si bodo za to prizadevale?
There have been a number of suggestions as to what could be done to alleviate the situation, including:
Okrepitev družinske politike in nova politika rodnosti bi seveda lahko privedla do večje rodnosti Evropejk.
Immigration: to the South and East of Europe lie counties considerably poorer with young and growing populations.
Vendar ali ni to v nasprotju s politiko enakosti med spoloma, ki si prizadeva tudi za enakovredno zaposlovanje žensk?
However, immigration is a growing issue in its own right.
Ena izmed rešitev bi bila, da bi Evropa bolj na široko odprla vrata novim priseljencem.
Also the immigrants themselves will eventually age.
Vendar se tudi ti starajo in tudi njim pripadajo pravice v okviru sistemov socialne varnosti.
Work longer and start receiving your pension later - but are Europeans willing to vote for governments that suggest this?
Odbor za zaposlovanje in socialne zadeve trenutno pripravlja poročilo francoske poročevalke Françoise Castex (PES) o demografski prihodnosti Evrope, ki je odgovor na poročilo Evropske komisije z naslovom "Demografska prihodnost Evrope, kako spremeniti izziv v priložnost".
In September a Report by Parliament's Civil Liberties Committee - "Policy Plan on Legal Migration" was adopted.
6. novembra je Odbor za državljanske svoboščine predstavil tudi osnutek poročila o izboljšanju kakovosti življenja starejših z uporabo novih informacijskih in komunikacijskih tehnologij.
This envisages a scheme whereby skilled immigrants are allowed to work and live in the EU.
Pripravila ga je britanska poročevalka Neena Gill (PSE), odbor pa bo o njem glasoval 19. decembra.
The European Commission has already raised the possibility of a US style "Blue Card" to offer future skilled workers.
Februarja lani je Odboru za zaposlovanje o demografskih izzivih in solidarnosti med generacijami poročal britanski poročevalec Philip Bushill-Matthews (EPP-ED).
Living longer is a sign of a healthy and successful society, but when this is coupled with a low birth rate it raises issues that need to be considered now.
Lakota, umrljivost dojenčkov, epidemije in vojne so bili nekoč dejavniki, ki so negativno vplivali na število prebivalstva.
A little face of the future Across Europe couples are on average having 1.5 children, below the 2.1 needed to replace the population.
V zvezi z materialnimi težavami, s katerimi se soočajo študenti z otroki, Panayotopoulos-Cassiotoujeva predlaga, da naj visokošolski zavodi in zavodi za poklicno izobraževanje pri izračunu šolnine upoštevajo njihovo finančno stanje, posojilodajalci pa naj olajšajo odobritev kreditov.
access to childcare under the same criteria as working parents Ageing and shrinking Europe - what's the answer?
Maria Panayotopoulos-Cassiotou je države članice v svojem poročilu še pozvala, naj povečajo ponudbo cenovno ugodnih stanovanj, prilagojenih potrebam študentov (tako parom kot staršem samohranilcem), ki vzdržujejo otroke, ter omogočijo zadostne storitve otroškega varstva po sprejemljivi ceni.
Draft report on the demographic future of Europe European Parliament resolution on reconciling professional, family and private lives Report on regulatory framework
Poročilo o usklajevanju družinskega življenja in študijskega časa za mlade ženske v Evropski uniji
Is immigration the cure for a declining working population?
Zdravilo iz tujine?
Is the queue into the EU about to get easier?
Ali je priseljevanje rešitev za demografski primanjkljaj v Evropi?
The demographic make-up of Europe is changing.
Medtem ko so se Evropejci v preteklosti dve stoletji izseljevali iz Evrope, so evropske države v zadnjih 60 letih postopoma postale obljubljena dežela za mnoge priseljence in iskalce azila.
We are getting older and the number of people of working age is decreasing.
Evropski načrt priseljevanja je lahko uspešen le, če bo v njegovem okviru poskrbljeno tudi za ustrezno vključitev priseljencev in njihovih družinskih članov v gospodarsko in družbeno okolje držav gostiteljic.
Working population provides tax revenue Having sufficient people of working age is vital not only for the economy but also for tax revenue.
Številne države članice menijo, da bi se tu utegnili pojaviti problemi.
This money will be needed to fund the pension and health needs of the growing numbers of elderly people.
Modra karta za visoko usposobljene priseljence
Steps to manage migration A proposed European "blue card" based on the American green card has been one way suggested of managing immigration.
O tem pričata primera iz Irske in Španije: v obdobju med letoma 1999 in 2005 je bila gospodarska rast v obeh državah znatno nad povprečjem drugih držav območja evra.
Neither country would have achieved the strong economic growth they did between 1999 and 2005 without foreign labour.
Tako visoke gospodarske rasti in rasti zaposlovanja ne bi nobena izmed njiju uspela doseči brez velikega pritoka tujih delavcev.
The Parliament and EU immigration policy The ongoing problem of illegal immigration into the EU continues to overshadow attempts to manage the influx.
Skupni evropski standardi za vračanje nezakonitih priseljencev Poročilo o načrtu politike zakonitega priseljevanja Poročilo o prednostnih nalogah politike v boju proti nezakonitemu priseljevanju državljanov tretjih držav
Gruber report on the Policy Plan on Legal Migration Sanchez report on policy priorities in the fight against illegal immigration of third-country nationals: Françoise Castex draft report on the demographic future of Europe
Pogovor z evropsko poslanko Françoise Castex
Interview with Françoise Castex
Evropska poslanka Françoise Castex Bo Evropa osivela?
French Socialist MEP Françoise Castex Is Europe turning grey?
Leta 2050 naj bi bila povprečna starost Evropejca 49 let, rodnost pa je že danes zastrašujoče nizka.
By 2050 the average age in the EU could be 49.
Zakaj je temu tako?
Women in Europe are having fewer children than required to halt the population decline.
Castex nam je v pogovoru orisala sliko Evrope, ki se sooča s svojo demografsko usodo.
MEPs will vote on the report in February.
Napovedi o demografski prihodnosti Evrope so zaskrbljujoče.
In an interview, Ms Castex paints a picture of a Europe struggling with its own demography.
Ali je že prepozno, da ukrepamo?
Population projections are alarming for Europe: Is it too late?
"To so le napovedi in ne prerokbe.
These are only projections, not predictions.
Statistični podatki pričajo o tem, da je demografski problem na obzorju: do leta 2050 naj bi se povprečna starost v EU z 39 povečala na 49 let.
We now have statistical data which indicates a problem of demographics on the horizon of 2050: between now and 2050, the average age could increase from 39 years to 49 years.
Torej se bo znižalo število delovno sposobnega prebivalstva in povečala potreba po zdravstvenem varstvu, saj bo vedno več starejših ljudi.
The problems that this may cause are a decrease in the number of people of working age and an increase in the demand for care facilities as people become older.
Vse to pa bo močno obremenilo javne finance in splošno dinamiko Evropske unije.
All this is a problem for public finance and the general dynamism of the European Union.
Seveda pa lahko še ukrepamo, tako na področju zaposlovanja, kot na področju rodnosti."
But there is still room for action, whether in terms of full employment, or in terms of birth rates.
"Povprečna stopnja rojstev v Evropi je 1,2 otroka na žensko, kar je izjemno nizko.
An average birth rate of 1.2 is abnormally low, but you can raise the birth rate with appropriate policies.
Vloga ženske v družbi se je namreč v 20. stoletju bistveno spremenila: današnja dekleta so bolj izobražena in lahko s pomočjo kontracepcije nadzorujejo nosečnosti.
Girls are educated and they can now control their own fertility - notably through contraception.
Tu pa sta še gospodarska negotovost in nejasna prihodnost, ki sta veliki oviri pri odločitvi za otroka.
At the same time, economic insecurity and fears about the future are major impediments to births.
Brezposelni oziroma tisti, katerih prihodnost v naslednjih 5 do 10 letih je negotova, se tej odločitvi seveda upirajo.
If you are unemployed or cannot forecast 5-10 years ahead, there is a reluctance to have children.
Kako lahko spodbudimo rodnost?
How can we encourage childbearing?
Zaposlenost ženk ni ovira, kot so o tem prepričane nekatere države članice, kot denimo Nemčija.
Contrary to the beliefs of some states, such as Germany, women working is not a brake on the birth rate.
Prav nasprotno: ženskam moramo pomagati, da uskladijo poklicno in družinsko življenje.
On the contrary, we must help women to reconcile work and family life.
Države članice morajo zagotoviti sistem, ki bo v prid večjemu rojstvu otrok.
Member States must put in place facilities for children.
Študije so pokazale, da si Evropejci želijo več otrok, kot jih dejansko imajo.
Studies show that couples want more children than they did.
Torej je napredek na tem področju mogoče doseči, vendar moramo najprej sprejeti ustrezne ukrepe za spodbujanje rodnosti."
So there are progressions margins, as long as we take adequate measures to promote the birth rate.
Ali se bo z nizko rodnostjo starost delovnega prebivalstva premaknila nad 70 let ali pa bodo na kocko postavljene pokojnine?
As the working population decreases: will it increase the active life span beyond 70 years or jeopardize retirement pay?
"Prevladuje težnja po podaljšanju delovne dobe: govorimo o povišanju upokojitvene starosti.
The prevailing idea is to extend the effective life: we are talking about raising the age of retirement.
Trenutno se delovna doba začne med 25. in 30. letom starosti, stopnja zaposlovanja pa začne padati pri 51 do 52 letih.
Currently, most employees start work at 25-30 years and the employment rate plummets from 51-52 years.
Rekla bi, da moramo začeti tam, kjer vidimo možnost za povečanje delovne sile in v tem okviru zagotovimo, da bo aktivna delovna doba trajala 40 let.
I say: start with where we see margins for increase in the labour force and make sure that everyone has 40 years of active life!
Verjamem, da bo že leta 2010 nujno in možno doseči polno zaposlenost.
I think that as early as 2010, the goal of full employment will become increasingly necessary and achievable.
V svojem poročilo sem predlagala koncept življenjskih ciklov.
In my report, I propose the concept of cycles of life.
Če želimo imeti najbolj konkurenčno gospodarstvo na svetu, potem potrebujemo resnično politično usposabljanje, načrtovanje kariere in organizacijo za poklicno pot skozi življenjski cikel, ki traja 40 let.
If you want to be the most competitive economy in the world that requires real political training, career planning and organising routes for professionals throughout the life cycle of about 40 years.
Stopnja zaposlovanja starejših ljudi je trenutno nizka, ker podjetja zaposlujejo mlade ljudi, ki jih potem slabo plačujejo.
Currently, the employment rate for older people is low because companies prefer to employ younger people with lower salaries.
Vendar se ta račun ne izide: podjetja morajo med svoje izdatke vključiti tudi izobraževanje.
It is a miscalculation: companies must integrate training into their capital spending.
Kmalu bodo spoznala, da jim primanjkuje delovne sile, česar ne bo mogoče rešiti zgolj s priseljenci, ki jih izberejo glede na poklicni profil, ki ga trenutno potrebujejo."
They will soon realize that there is a shortage of labour, which cannot be resolved solely through immigration chosen.
Mnogi demografi pa trdijo, da je lahko rešitev demografskega deficita v Evropi priseljevanje.
Immigration feeds a lot of anxiety in Europe, while many demographers say it could be a solution.
Je mogoče to protislovje rešiti?
How can we resolve this contradiction?
"Države članice morajo do priseljevanja nujno pristopiti strpno.
It is urgent that Member States have a calm approach to immigration.
Da, priseljence potrebujemo, in to ne le zaradi naše prihodnosti, temveč tudi, ker je to del naše zgodovine.
To say 'yes', we need immigration, not only for the future but becasuse it is also part of our history.
Priseljevanje v Evropsko unijo ni nič novega in s tem se moramo sprijazniti.
Immigration into the European Union is not a new development, we must accept it.
Ljudje nismo roboti: tudi priseljenci so ljudje, ki se lahko v državi gostiteljici zaljubijo, želijo tam ostati in imeti družino.
People are not machines: they are also people who can fall in love in their host country and want to remain and have a family.
Do priseljevanja ne moremo imeti zgolj kvantitativnega in ekonomskega pristopa.
I do not think we can have a purely quantitative and economic approach to immigration.
Priseljevanje potrebujemo tudi za obnovitev naše populacije.
We need this immigration, also to renew ourselves.
Ko torej razmišljamo, ali je treba povečati priseljevanje, moramo biti pri tem predvsem strpni."
So before seeing if we need to increase immigration, we need to manage it calmly.
Osnutek poročila o demografski prihodnosti Evrope Françoise Castex
Françoise Castex draft report on the demographic future of Europe Françoise Castex
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Povzetek plenarnega zasedanja - Bruselj, 30. in 31. januar 2008
January Brussels Plenary: Iran, Gaza, Postal Services
Evropski notranji trg za poštne storitve
MEPs voted on opening the postal market
Iran in Gaza: poslancem sta o iranskem jedrskem programu in razmerah v Gazi govorila visoki predstavnik za skupno zunanjo in varnostno politiko Javier Solana ter komisarka za zunanje odnose Benita Ferrero-Waldner.
Wednesday saw the EU's foreign policy chief Javier Solana discuss Iran's nuclear intentions and events in the Gaza Strip with MEPs.
Parlament je predlog podprl, vendar z jasnejšimi opredelitvami pojma "krizne razmere" in oblik sodelovanja med državami.
On Thursday MEPs voted to open up the EU's postal services.
Naslednje plenarno zasedanje bo od 18. do 21. februarja v Strasbourgu.
Read more about these and other issues in our focus.
Evropske poslance je na začetku sredinega plenarnega zasedanja nagovoril visoki predstavnik za skupno zunanjo in varnostno politiko Javier Solana ter spregovoril o položaju v Iranu in Gazi.
Crisis in Gaza - not exactly child's play Javier Solana, the EU's foreign affairs chief was in Parliament on Wednesday to report to MEPs on relations with Iran and events in the Gaza strip.
Raketni ščit ZDA
Read the detailed report of the debate on this website.
Po izjavah Sveta EU in Komisije so evropski poslanci razpravljali o spornem obrambnem sistemu ZDA z raketnimi ščiti, ki naj bi bil odgovor na nevarnost potencialnih novo nastajajočih jedrskih sil.
US anti-missile system Following Council and Commission statements, MEPs debated the controversial US anti-missile defence system designed to counter threats from potential emerging nuclear powers.
Poštne storitve
Other speakers said it is up to Poland and the Czech Republic to take measures they consider necessary for their security.
Evropski poslanci pa so v sredo razpravljali tudi o notranjem trgu poštnih storitev.
Postal services MEPs debated the accomplishment of the internal market in postal services, including the expiry of remaining postal service monopolies by 2011, - or 2013 for some Member States.
Resolucija Evropskega parlamenta o Iranu Evropski poslanci skeptični do izjav iranskega jedrskega pogajalca Parlament o Iranu ter raketnem ščitu Zadnji korak k potrditvi direktive o poštnih storitvah
MEPs also supported the outcome of the recent Bali climate change conference (3-14 December 2007 Iran debate Iran's chief nuclear negotiator meets MEPs US anti-missile defence system Postal services: market opening by 2011 on track Post briefing - full round up from the session
Jezikovni pouk za Rome na Slovaškem Na četrtkovem zasedanju so evropski poslanci sprejeli resolucijo o akcijskem načrtu za boj proti podnebnim spremembam in resolucijo o evropski strategiji, kako izboljšati položaj 10 milijonov v EU živečih Romov.
Roma language classes in Slovakia Thursday saw MEPs adopt resolutions on an action plan to combat climate change and on a European strategy to improve the position of the 10 million Roma people in the EU.
Industrijske države bi morale do leta 2020 zmanjšati svoje izpuste CO2 vsaj za 30 odstotkov v primerjavi z letom 1990.
Thursday also saw an incident in the Chamber sparked by a row over a procedural matter.
Evropski poslanci so pozdravili dejstvo, da akcijski načrt z Balija vsebuje jasen časovni razpored, rok za sklenitev sporazuma - leto 2009 - in ključna vprašanja, ki bodo obravnavana na pogajanjih, kar je dobra podlaga za pogajalski proces.
Climate change roadmap on track A resolution adopted by MEPs welcomed the Bali roadmap's 2009 deadline for the conclusion of an international agreement on climate change.
V Evropi je 12 do 15 milijonov Romov, od katerih jih približno 10 milijonov živi v Evropski uniji.
Call for better rights for Roma people Out of the 12 to 15 million Roma living in Europe, about 10 million live in EU countries.
Prepir v dvorani zasedanja
Parliament focused on domestic energy use and on private homes in particular, while the headlines homed in on the report's recommendation on outdoor "patio" heaters.
V razpravi o postopkovnih vprašanjih je britanski poslanec Daniel Hannan (EPP-ED) sprožil vprašanje o pravilnosti postopka, med katerim je nekatere postopke EP primerjal s parlamentarnimi potezami leta 1930 v Nemčiji, in tako močno razburil evropske poslance.
Incident in the chamber In the course of proceedings a point of order raised by a British Member Daniel Hannan (EPP-ED), during which he drew a parallel between some of the European Parliament’s procedures and parliamentary manoeuvrings in 1930s Germany, provoked strong protests from MEPs across the House.
Zaključki konference o podnebnih spremembah na Baliju "Evropa brez meja mora veljati tudi za Rome!"
I respect Mr Hannan as an MEP but his remarks this morning are incompatible with the EPP-ED Group's values.
Liberalizacija trga poštnih storitev z letom 2011 Poslanci proti getoizaciji in diskriminacij Romov Akcijski načrt za energetsko učinkovitost
It is for this reason that I will ask the Group to proceed with the expulsion of Mr Hannan, according to our Rules of Procedure and after consultation with the Members of the British Delegation European Parliament supports Bali roadmap, calls for urgent review on EU biofuels policy: Roma in Europe: MEPs vote on anti-discrimination measures Postal services vote Roma rights Energy saving measures
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Teden zunanjih dejavnosti Teden zunanjih dejavnosti
A week when Parliament reinforces contacts outside EU A week when Parliament reinforces contacts outside EU
Evropski parlament svoje odnose s tretjimi državami vzdržuje in razvija v glavnem s dvostranskimi stiki s parlamenti teh držav.
Interparliamentary delegations are one way the European Parliament builds relations with countries outside the EU.
Parlamentarni odbori priložnostno pošiljajo manjše delegacije v tretje države, da te raziščejo določena politična področja.
They maintain contact with the Parliament's of EU partner countries.
Delegacije s svojim delom prispevajo k spodbujanju temeljnih vrednot EU v teh državah, namreč načelo svobode, demokracije, spoštovanja človekovih pravic, temeljnih svoboščin in pravne države.
Parliament's Committees also sometimes send delegations to investigate policy areas in further depth.
Ta teden so na programu številne mednarodne seje:
This week sees a number of international meetings:
dve medparlamentarni seji: prva med EP in Bosno in Hercegovino v Sarajevu, druga med EP in Kambodžo v Phnom Penhu;
Two interparliamentary meetings take place: the 10 th EP/Bosnia Herzegovina meeting in Sarajevo, and the 2nd EP/Cambodia meeting in Phnom Penh;
delegacija odbora za podnebne spremembe se odpravlja v Indijo in Bangladeš, delegacija odbora za zunanje zadeve pa v Zagreb.
A delegation from the EP's Climate Change Committee is going to India and Bangladesh, while a delegation from the Foreign Affairs Committee is going to Zagreb in Croatia.
Dvanajstčlanska delegacija odbora za razvoj bo obiskala Svetovno banko v Washingtonu, delegacija odbora za zaposlovanje in socialne zadeva pa Komisijo OZN za socialni razvoj.
A 12-member delegation from the Development Committee is visiting the World Bank, in Washington, and a delegation of the Employment and Social Affairs Committee is visiting the UN Commission for Social Development.
20080204INS20393 Načela, ki urejajo dejavnosti delegacij Delegacije
20080204INS20393 Delegations More on Delegations
Beseda tedna: Zakonodajna resolucija Beseda tedna: Zakonodajna resolucija
"MEPs pass a legislative resolution" - but what exactly is that?
Ta oblika resolucije vključuje zakonodajno besedilo, ki je bilo sprejeto na plenarnem zasedanju.
"MEPs pass a legislative resolution" - but what exactly is that?
Evropski poslanci o zakonodajnem aktu najprej razpravljajo in glasujejo v ustreznem parlamentarnem odboru in nato na plenarnem zasedanju.
During the 5-year term of a Parliament, MEPs pass many legislative resolutions when they vote on proposals for laws that are binding across the EU.