natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Cladribine is an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive substance that can induce considerable toxic adverse reactions, such as myelo- and immunosuppression, long-lasting lymphocytopenia, and opportunistic infections.
Kladribin je antineoplastična in imunosupresivna učinkovina, ki lahko povzroči znatne toksične neželene učinke, kot so mielo - in imunosupresija, dolgotrajna limfocitopenija in oportunistične okužbe.
Particular caution is advised and risks/ benefits should be carefully evaluated if administration of cladribine is considered in patients with increased infection risk, manifested bone marrow failure or infiltration, myelosuppressive pre-treatments, as well as in patients with suspected or manifested renal and hepatic insufficiency.
Priporočamo posebno previdnost in skrbno vrednotenje tveganj/ koristi, če razmišljamo o dajanju kladribina bolnikom s povečanim tveganjem za okužbo, očitno odpovedjo ali infiltracijo kostnega mozga, predhodnimi mielosupresivnimi zdravljenji, in tudi pri bolnikih s sumom na popuščanje delovanja ledvic in jeter ali očitnim popuščanjem delovanja ledvic in jeter.
Although anti-infective prophylaxis is not generally recommended, it may be beneficial for patients immunocompromised prior to therapy with cladribine or for patients with a pre-existing agranulocytosis.
Čeprav anti - infektivne profilakse v splošnem ne priporočamo, je lahko koristna za bolnike, imunsko kompromitirane pred zdravljenjem s kladribinom, ali za bolnike s predhodno agranulocitozo.
It is recommended that patients receiving cladribine should receive irradiated cellular blood components/ products to prevent transfusion-related graft-versus-host disease (Ta-GVHD).
Priporočamo, da bolniki, ki prejemajo kladribin, dobivajo obsevane celične krvne sestavine/ izdelke, da preprečimo s transfuzijo povezano graft- versus- host bolezen (transfusion associated graft- versus- host disease, Ta- GVHD).
Secondary malignancies Like other nucleoside analogues, treatment with cladribine is associated with myelosuppression and profound and prolonged immunosuppression.
Sekundarna maligna obolenja Kot pri drugih nukleozidnih analogih, je tudi zdravljenje s kladribinom povezano z mielosupresijo ter globoko in podaljšano imunosupresijo.
Their frequency varies widely, ranging from 2% to 21%.
Njihova pogostnost je zelo različna, v razponu od 2% do 21%.
The cumulative frequencies of second malignancy are 5%, 10-12% and 13-14% following 5, 10 and 15 years respectively after diagnosis of hairy cell leukaemia.
Kumulativne pogostnosti sekundarnih malignomov so 5%, 10- 12% in 13- 14% po 5, 10 oziroma 15 letih po diagnozi dlakavocelične levkemije.
Following cladribine, the incidence of second malignancies ranges from 0% to 9.5% after a median observation period of 2.8 to 8.5 years.
Po kladribinu je pojavnost sekundarnih malignomov v razponu od 0% do 9, 5% po medianem obdobju opazovanja 2, 8 do 8, 5 let.
The frequency of second malignancy following treatment with LITAK was 3.4% in all 232 hairy cell leukaemia patients treated during a 10-year period.
Pogostnost sekundarnih malignomov po zdravljenju z LITAKOM je bila 3, 4% pri vseh 232 bolnikih z dlakavocelično levkemijo, zdravljenih v 10- letnem obdobju.
The highest incidence of second malignancy with LITAK was 6.5% after a median follow up of time of 8.4 years.
Najvišja pojavnost sekundarnih malignomov pri LITAKU je bila 6, 5% po medianem času sledenja 8, 4 let.
Haematology During the first month following treatment, myelosuppression is most notable and red blood cell or platelet transfusions may be required.
Hematologija V prvem mesecu po zdravljenju je zavrtje delovanja kostnega mozga najbolj opazno, morda bodo potrebne celo transfuzije eritrocitov ali trombocitov.
Patients with symptoms of bone marrow depression should be treated with caution since further suppression of bone marrow function should be anticipated.
Bolnike s simptomi zavrtja delovanja kostnega mozga je treba zdraviti previdno, ker moramo predvideti nadaljnje zavrtje delovanja kostnega mozga.
Careful and regular monitoring of peripheral blood counts is essential during, and for 2 to 4 months following, treatment with cladribine to detect potential adverse reactions and consequent
Za odkrivanje možnih neželenih učinkov in posledičnih zapletov (anemija, nevtropenija, trombocitopenija, okužbe, hemoliza ali krvavitve) ter za nadzor hematološkega
3 complications (anaemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, infections, haemolysis or bleedings), and to survey haematologic recovery.
3 okrevanja je nujno skrbno in redno spremljanje koncentracij krvnih celic periferne krvi med zdravljenjem s kladribinom in 2 do 4 mesece po njem.
Fever of unknown origin frequently occurs in patients treated for hairy cell leukaemia and is manifested predominantly during the first 4 weeks of therapy.
Povišana telesna temperatura neznanega izvora se pogosto pojavlja pri bolnikih, zdravljenih zaradi dlakavocelične levkemije, in se kaže predvsem v prvih 4 tednih zdravljenja.
In case of fever related to infections or agranulocytosis, an antibiotic treatment is indicated.
V primeru povišane telesne temperature, povezane z okužbami ali agranulocitozo, je indicirano antibiotično zdravljenje.
Renal and hepatic function There are no data on the use of LITAK in patients with renal or hepatic impairment.
Delovanje ledvic in jeter O uporabi LITAKA pri bolnikih z okvarjenim delovanjem ledvic ali jeter ni podatkov.
Clinical experience is very limited and safety of LITAK in these patients is not well established (see Section 5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties).
Klinične izkušnje so zelo omejene, varnost LITAKA pri teh bolnikih ni zadostno ugotovljena (glej poglavje 5. 2 Farmakokinetične lastnosti).
Careful treatment is required in elderly patients and in patients with known or suspected renal or hepatic dysfunction.
Pri starejših bolnikih in pri bolnikih z znano okvaro delovanja ledvic ali jeter ali s sumom na okvaro delovanja ledvic ali jeter je potrebno previdno zdravljenje.
For all patients treated with LITAK, periodic assessment of renal and hepatic function is advised as clinically indicated.
Pri vseh bolnikih, zdravljenih z LITAKOM, svetujemo redno spremljanje delovanja ledvic in jeter, kot je klinično indicirano.
Prevention of tumour lysis syndrome In patients with a high tumour burden, prophylactic allopurinol therapy to control serum levels of uric acid, together with adequate or increased hydration, should be commenced 24 hours before the start of chemotherapy.
Preprečevanje sindroma tumorskega razpada Pri bolnikih z velikim tumorskim bremenom moramo uvesti preventivno zdravljenje z alopurinolom za nadzor serumskih koncentracij sečne kisline, skupaj z zadostno ali povečano hidracijo, 24 ur pred začetkom kemoterapije.
In case of an accumulation of the serum uric acid above the normal range, the dose of allopurinol may be increased to 300 mg/ day.
V primeru kopičenja serumske sečne kisline nad normalnim razponom lahko odmerek alopurinola povišamo na 300 mg/ dan.
Impairment of fertility Men being treated with cladribine are advised not to father a child up to 6 months after treatment and to seek advice of cryoconservation of sperm prior to treatment because of the possibility of infertility due to therapy with cladribine (see Section 5.3 Preclinical safety data).
Okvara plodnosti Moškim, zdravljenim s kladribinom, odsvetujemo spočetje otroka do 6 mesecev po zdravljenju in priporočamo, da naj poiščejo svetovanje o kriokonservaciji sperme pred zdravljenjem zaradu možnosti neplodnosti kot posledice zdravljenja s kladribinom (glej poglavje 5. 3 Predklinični podatki o varnosti).
Due to a potential increase of haematological toxicity and bone marrow suppression, cladribine should not be used concomitantly with other myelosuppressive medicinal products.
Zaradi možnega povečanja hematološke toksičnosti in zaviranja delovanja kostnega mozga kladribina ne smemo uporabljati sočasno z drugimi mielosupresivnimi zdravili.
Cross-reactions with other antineoplastic agents in vitro (e. g. doxorubicin, vincristine, cytarabine, cyclophosphamide) and in vivo have not been observed.
Navzkrižnih reakcij z drugimi zdravili z delovanjem na novotvorbe in vitro (npr. doksorubicin, vinkristin, citarabin, ciklofosfamid) ter in vivo niso opažali.
Due to the similar intracellular metabolism, cross-resistance with other nucleoside analogues, such as fludarabine or 2’ -deoxycoformycin may occur.
Zaradi podobne znotrajcelične presnove se lahko pojavi navzkrižna odpornost z drugimi nukleozidnimi analogi, kot sta fludarabin ali 2 ’ - deoksikoformicin.
Since interactions with drugs undergoing intracellular phosphorylation, such as antiviral agents, or with inhibitors of adenosine uptake may be expected, their concomitant use with cladribine is not recommended.
Ker lahko pričakujemo medsebojna delovanja z zdravili, ki so podvržena znotrajcelični fosforilaciji, kot so protivirusna sredstva, ali z zaviralci privzema adenozina, njihova sočasna uporaba s kladribinom ni priporočena.
Cladribine is contraindicated during pregnancy.
Kladribin je med nosečnostjo kontraindiciran.
Women of childbearing potential have to use effective contraception during treatment with cladribine.
Ženske v rodni dobi morajo uporabljati učinkovito kontracepcijo med zdravljenjem s kladribinom.
In case of pregnancy during therapy with cladribine, the woman should be informed about the potential hazard to the foetus.
V primeru zanositve v času zdravljenja s kladribinom, moramo žensko obvestiti o možnem tveganju za plod.
Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants, cladribine is contraindicated during lactation.
Zaradi možnosti za resne neželene učinke pri dojenčkih je kladribin v času dojenja kontraindiciran.
Therefore, nursing is contraindicated during or following treatment with cladribine.
Zato je med zdravljenjem s kladribinom ali po njem dojenje kontraindicirano.
4 Cladribine may strongly impair the patient’ s performance.
4 Kladribin lahko močno okvari bolnikovo izvajanje.
In case of drowsiness or dizziness, driving a vehicle or operating machines should be avoided.
V primeru zaspanosti ali omotice se je treba vožnji ali upravljanju s stroji izogibati.
Very common adverse reactions observed during the three most relevant clinical trials with LITAK in 279 patients treated for various indications and in 62 patients with hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) were myelosuppression, especially severe neutropenia (41% (113/ 279), 98% (HCL, 61/ 62)), severe thrombocytopenia (21% (58/ 279), 50% (HCL, 31/ 62)) and severe anaemia (14% (21/ 150), 55% (HCL, 34/ 62)), as well as severe immunosuppression/ lymphopenia (63% (176/ 279), 95% (HCL, 59/ 62)), infections (39% (110/ 279), 58% (HCL, 36/ 62)) and fever (up to 64%).
Zelo pogosti neželeni učinki, opažani v treh najpomembnejših kliničnih preskušanjih z LITAKOM pri 279 bolnikih, zdravljenih za različne indikacije, ter pri 62 bolnikih z dlakavocelično levkemijo (DCL), so bili mielosupresija, posebno huda nevtropenija (41% (113/ 279), 98% (DCL, 61/ 62)), huda trombocitopenija (21% (58/ 279), 50% (DCL, 31/ 62)) in huda anemija (14% (21/ 150), 55% (DCL, 34/ 62)), pa tudi huda imunosupresija/ limfopenija (63% (176/ 279), 95% (DCL, 59/ 62)), okužbe (39% (110/ 279), 58% (DCL, 36/ 62)) ter povišana telesna temperatura (do 64%).
Culture-negative fever following treatment with cladribine occurs in 10-40% of patients with hairy cell leukaemia and is rarely observed in patients with other neoplastic disorders.
Povišana telesna temperatura z negativnimi kulturami po zdravljenju s kladribinom se pojavlja pri 10−40% bolnikov z dlakavocelično levkemijo in jo le redko opažamo pri bolnikih z drugimi neoplastičnimi motnjami.
Skin rashes (2 - 31%) are mainly described in patients with other concomitant medications known to cause rash (antibiotics and/ or allopurinol).
Kožne izpuščaje (2−31%) opisujejo predvsem pri bolnikih, ki sočasno prejemajo druga zdravila, za katera je znano, da povzročajo izpuščaj (antibiotiki in/ ali alopurinol).
Gastrointestinal adverse events like nausea (5 - 28%), vomiting (1 - 13%), and diarrhoea (3 - 12%) as well as fatigue (2 - 48%), headache (1 - 23%), and decreased appetite (1 - 22%) have been reported during treatment with cladribine.
Med zdravljenjem s kladribinom so poročali o neželenih dogodkih v prebavilih, kot so slabost (5 - 28%), bruhanje (1−13%) in diareja (3−12%), pa tudi utrujenost (2−48%), glavobol (1−23%) in zmanjšan apetit (1−22%).
LITAK is unlikely to cause alopecia; mild and transient alopecia for a few days was observed in 4/ 523 patients during the treatment with LITAK, but could not clearly be associated with cladribine.
Za LITAK ni verjetno, da bi povzročil izpadanje las; blago in prehodno izpadanje las za nekaj dni so opažali pri 4/ 523 bolnikov med zdravljenjem z LITAKOM, vendar ga niso mogli jasno povezati s kladribinom.
Adverse reactions that have been reported including information on frequency are listed in the table below.
Neželeni učinki, o katerih so poročali, vključujoč podatke o pogostnosti, so našteti v spodnji preglednici.
The frequencies are defined as follows:
Pogostnosti so določene kot sledi:
Very common (> 1/ 10), common (> 1/ 100 ,< 1/10), uncommon (> 1/ 1,000 ,< 1/100), rare (> 1/ 10,000, < 1/ 1,000), very rare (< 1/ 10,000) including isolated reports.
Zelo pogosti (> 1/ 10), pogosti (> 1/ 100, < 1/ 10), občasni (> 1/ 1. 000, < 1/ 100), redki (> 1/ 10. 000, < 1/ 1. 000), zelo redki (< 1/ 10. 000), vključujoč osamljena poročila.
For severity, please see text below the table.
Za hudost, prosimo, glejte besedilo pod preglednico.
5 Infections and infestations Very common: infections * (e. g. pneumonia *, septicaemia *) Neoplasms benign, malignant Common: second malignancies * and unspecified
5 Infekcijske in parazitske bolezni Zelo pogosti: okužbe * (npr. pljučnica *, septikemija *) Benigne, maligne in neopredeljene neoplazme
Very common: pancytopenia/ myelosuppression *, purpura Common: petechiae, haemorrhages *
Pogosti: sekundarni malignomi *
Very common: immunosuppression * Uncommon: haemolytic anaemia * Very rare: graft-versus-host disease *, tumour lysis syndrome *
Zelo pogosti: pancitopenija/ mielosupresija *, purpura Pogosti: petehije, krvavitve *
Very common: decreased appetite
Zelo pogosti: imunosupresija * Občasni: hemolitična anemija * Zelo redki: bolezen graft- versus- host *, sindrom tumorskega razpada *
Nervous system disorders
Presnovne in prehranske motnje Bolezni živčevja
Very common: headache, dizziness Common: insomnia, anxiety Uncommon: somnolence, paraesthesia, weakness, lethargy, polyneuropathy, confusion, ataxia Very rare: depression, epileptic seizure
Zelo pogosti: zmanjšan apetit Zelo pogosti: glavobol, omotica Pogosti: nespečnost, tesnoba Občasni: zaspanost, parestezije, šibkost, letargija, polinevropatija, zmedenost, ataksija Zelo redki: depresija, epileptični napad
Very common: abnormal breath sounds, abnormal chest sounds, cough Common: shortness of breath, pulmonary interstitial infiltrates mostly due to infectious aetiology, mucositis Uncommon: pharyngitis Very rare: lung embolism
Zelo pogosti: nenormalni dihalni zvoki, nenormalni zvoki nad prsnim košem, kašelj Pogosti: zadihanost, pljučni intersticijski infiltrati večinoma infekcijske etiologije, mukozitis Občasni: faringitis Zelo redki: pljučna embolija
Very common: nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhoea Common: gastrointestinal pain, flatulence
Zelo pogosti: slabost, bruhanje, zaprtje, diareja Pogosti: bolečine v prebavilih, flatulenca
Common: reversible, mostly mild increases in bilirubin and transaminases Very rare: cholecystitis
Pogosti: reverzibilna, večinoma blaga povišanja vrednosti bilirubina in transaminaz Zelo redki: holecistitis
Very common: rash, localised exanthema, diaphoresis Common: pruritus, skin pain, erythema, urticaria Uncommon: phlebitis
Zelo pogosti: izpuščaj, omejen izpuščaj kože, čezmerno znojenje Pogosti: srbenje, bolečine kože, eritem, koprivnica Občasni: flebitis
General disorders and administration site conditions * see descriptive section below.
Splošne težave in spremembe na Zelo pogosti: reakcije na mestu injiciranja, povišana telesna mestu aplikacije * glej opisno poglavje spodaj.
Very common: injection site reactions, fever, fatigue, chills, asthenia Common: oedema, malaise, pain Uncommon: cachexia Very rare: amyloidosis
temperatura, utrujenost, mrazenje, astenija Pogosti: edem, izčrpanost, bolečine Občasni: kaheksija Zelo redki: amiloidoza
Non-haematological adverse reactions are generally mild to moderate in severity.
Nehematološki neželeni učinki so v splošnem blage do zmerne hudosti.
Since patients with an active hairy cell leukaemia mostly present with low blood counts, especially low neutrophil counts, more than 90% of the cases have transient severe neutropenias (< 1.0 x 109/ l).
Ker imajo bolniki ob odkritju aktivne dlakavocelične levkemije večinoma nizke koncentracije krvnih celic, posebno nevtrofilcev, ima več kot 90% primerov prehodne hude nevtropenije (< 1, 0 x 109/ l).
The use of haematopoietic growth factors neither improves the recovery of neutrophil counts nor decreases the incidence of fever.
Uporaba hematopoetskih rastnih faktorjev ne izboljša popravljanja koncentracij nevtrofilcev niti ne zniža pojavnosti povišane telesne temperature.
Severe thrombocytopenias (< 50 x 109/ l) are observed in about 20% to 30% of all patients.
Pri približno 20% do 30% vseh bolnikov opažamo hude trombocitopenije (< 50 x 109/ l).
The recovery of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells occurs within 3 to 12 months.
Popravljanje koncentracij citotoksičnih T - limfocitov in naravnih celic ubijalk se pojavi v 3 do 12 mesecih.
A complete recovery of T-helper cells and B-lymphocytes is delayed for up to 2 years.
Popolna poprava T celic- pomagalk in B- limfocitov je odložena do 2 leti.
6 Cladribine induces a severe and prolonged reduction of CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes.
6 Kladribin povzroči hudo in podaljšano znižanje koncentracij CD4+ in CD8+ T- limfocitov.
Severe long-term lymphocytopenias are reported occasionally which, however, could not be associated with late infectious complications.
Občasno poročajo o hudih dolgotrajnih limfocitopenijah, ki pa jih ne moremo povezovati s poznimi infekcijskimi zapleti.
The most common severe complications with partially fatal outcome are opportunistic infections (e. g. pneumocystis carinii, toxoplasmosa gondii, listeria, candida, herpes viruses, cytomegalovirus and atypical mycobacteria).
Pneumocystis carinii, Toxoplasma gondii, Listeria, Candida, herpes virusi, citomegalovirus in atipična mikobakterija).
Forty percent of the patients who were treated with LITAK at a dose of 0.7 mg/ kg body weight per cycle suffered from infections.
Štirideset odstotkov bolnikov, zdravljenih z LITAKOM v odmerku 0, 7 mg/ kg telesne mase na cikel, je utrpelo okužbe.
These were on average more severe than the infections manifested in 27% of all patients receiving a reduced dose of 0.5 mg/ kg body weight per cycle.
Te so bile povprečno hujše kot okužbe pri 27% vseh bolnikov, ki so prejemali znižani odmerek 0, 5 mg/ kg telesne mase na cikel.
Forty-three percent of patients with hairy cell leukaemia experienced infectious complications at standard dosage regimen.
Triinštirideset odstotkov bolnikov z dlakavocelično levkemijo je imelo ob standardnem režimu odmerjanja infekcijske zaplete.
One third of these infections have to be considered as severe (e. g. septicaemia, pneumonia).
Eno tretjino teh okužb so predstavljale hude okužbe (npr. septikemija, pljučnica).
At least 10 cases with acute autoimmune haemolytic anaemia are known.
Znanih je vsaj 10 primerov z akutno avtoimuno hemolitično anemijo.
All patients have been successfully treated by corticosteroids.
Vse bolnike so uspešno zdravili s kortikosteroidi.
Serious adverse events like ileus, severe hepatic failure, renal failure, cardiac failure, atrial fibrillation, cardiac decompensation, apoplexy, neurological disturbances in speech and swallowing, tumour lysis syndrome with acute renal failure, transfusion-related graft-versus-host disease, Stevens-Johnson syndrome / Lyell syndrome (toxic epidermal necrolysis), haemolytic anaemia, hypereosinophilia (with erythematous skin rash, pruritus, and facial oedema) are rare.
Resni neželeni dogodki, kot je ileus, hudo odpovedovanje jeter, odpoved ledvic, odpoved srca, atrijska fibrilacija, dekompenzacija srca, apopleksija, nevrološke motnje govora in požiranja, sindrom tumorskega razpada z akutno ledvično odpovedjo, s transfuzijo povezana bolezen graft- versus- host, Stevens- Johnsonov sindrom / Lyellov sindrom (toksična epidermalna nekroliza), hemolitična anemija, hipereozinofilija (z eritematoznim izpuščajem kože, srbenjem in edemom obraza) so redki.
The majority of deaths related to the medicinal product are due to infectious complications.
Večina smrti, povezanih z zdravilom, je posledica infekcijskih zapletov.
Further rare cases with fatal outcome, reported in association with LITAK chemotherapy, were second malignancy, cerebro- and cardiovascular infarctions, graft-versus-host disease caused by multiple transfusions of non-irradiated blood, as well as tumour lysis syndrome with hyperuricaemia, metabolic acidosis, and acute renal failure.
Nadaljnji redki primeri s smrtnim izidom, o katerih so poročali v povezavi s kemoterapijo z LITAKOM, so bili sekundarni malignomi, cerebro - in kardiovaskularni infarkti, bolezen graft- versus- host, povzročena z večkratnimi transfuzijami neobsevane krvi, kot tudi sindrom tumorskega razpada s hiperurikemijo, presnovno acidozo ter akutna ledvična odpoved.
Common symptoms of overdosage are nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, severe bone marrow depression (including anaemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and agranulocytosis), acute renal insufficiency as well as irreversible neurologic toxicity (paraparesis / quadriparesis), Guillan-Barré syndrome, and Brown-Séquard syndrome.
Pogosti simptomi prevelikega odmerjanja so slabost, bruhanje, diareja, hudo zavrtje delovanja kostnega mozga (vključujoč anemijo, trombocitopenijo, levkopenijo in agranulocitozo), akutno ledvično odpoved, pa tudi ireverzibilno nevrološko toksičnost (paraparezo / kvadriparezo), Guillan - Barréjev sindrom in Brown- Séquardov sindrom.
Acute, irreversible neuro- and nephrotoxicity have been described in individual patients treated at a dose which was ≥ 4 times higher than the recommended regimen for hairy cell leukaemia.
Pri posameznih bolnikih, zdravljenih v odmerku, ki je bil ≥ 4- krat višji kot priporočeni režim zdravljenja za dlakavocelično levkemijo, so opisovali akutno, ireverzibilno nevro - in nefrotoksičnost.
No specific antidotal therapy exists.
Specifično antidotno zdravljenje ne obstaja.
Immediate discontinuation of therapy, careful observation, and initiation of appropriate supportive measures (blood transfusions, dialysis, haemofiltration, antiinfectious therapy, etc.) are the indicated treatment of overdosage of cladribine.
Indicirano zdravljenje za preveliko odmerjanje kladribina so takojšnja prekinitev zdravljenja, skrbno opazovanje in uvedba ustreznih podpornih ukrepov (transfuzije krvi, dializa, hemofiltracija, zdravljenje proti okužbi, itd.).
Patients who have been exposed to overdosage of cladribibe should be monitored haematologically for at least four weeks.
Bolnike, ki so bili izpostavljeni prevelikemu odmerjanju kladribina, je treba hematološko spremljati vsaj štiri tedne.
Purine analogue (cytostatic medicinal product)
Farmakoterapevtska skupina: analog purinskih baz (citostatično zdravilo)
LITAK contains cladribine as active substance, a purine nucleoside analogue acting as an antimetabolite.
LITAK vsebuje kladribin kot zdravilno učinkovino, purinski nukleozidni analog, ki deluje kot antimetabolit.
The single substitution of chlorine for hydrogen at position 2 distinguishes cladribine from its natural counterpart 2'-deoxyadenosine and renders the molecule resistant to deamination by adenosine deaminase.
Ena sama substitucija klora za vodik na mestu 2 razlikuje kladribin od svojega naravnega dvojnika 2 '- deoksiadenozina in daje molekulo, odporno proti deaminaciji z adenozinsko deaminazo.