natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
If patients need to stop taking lamivudine or zidovudine, or need to take different doses because of problems with their kidneys, liver or blood, they will need to take medicines containing lamivudine or zidovudine separately.
Če morajo bolniki prenehati jemati lamivudin ali zidovudin ali pa morajo zaradi težav z ledvicami, jetri ali krvjo spremeniti odmerek, bodo morali jemati učinkovini lamivudin in zidovudin ločeno.
Both active substances in Combivir, lamivudine and zidovudine, are nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs).
Obe zdravilni učinkovini zdravila Combivir, lamivudin in zidovudin, sta nukleozidna zaviralca reverzne transkriptaze (NRTI).
They both work in similar ways by blocking the activity of reverse transcriptase, an enzyme produced by HIV that allows it to infect cells and make more viruses.
Obe učinkovini na podoben način zavirata delovanje reverzne transkriptaze, encima, ki ga proizvaja virus HIV in ki omogoča okužbo celic ter tvorbo novih virusov.
Combivir, taken in combination with at least one other antiviral medicine, reduces the amount of HIV in the blood and keeps it at a low level.
Zdravilo Combivir, uporabljeno v kombinaciji z vsaj enim drugim protivirusnim zdravilom, zmanjša količino virusa HIV v krvi in jo ohranja na nizki ravni.
Combivir does not cure HIV infection or AIDS, but it may delay the damage to the immune system and the development of infections and diseases associated with AIDS.
Zdravilo Combivir ne zdravi okužbe s HIV ali
Because zidovudine has been available in the European Union (EU) since the mid-1980s, and lamivudine has been approved in the EU since 1996 as Epivir, the company presented information obtained in earlier studies of the two substances taken together.
Ker je bila učinkovina zidovudin v Evropski uniji (EU) na voljo od sredine osemdesetih let prejšnjega stoletja, lamivudin pa je v EU odobren od leta 1996 pod tržnim imenom Epivir, je družba predstavila informacije, ki jih je pridobila v starejših študijah pri bolnikih, ki so obe učinkovini jemali skupaj.
The company also compared the combination tablet to separate tablets of lamivudine and zidovudine in 75 adults and adolescents who had not taken treatment for HIV infection before.
Družba je prav tako primerjala uporabo kombinirane tablete s tabletami, ki vsebujejo učinkovini lamivudin in zidovudin ločeno, pri 75 odraslih in mladostnikih, ki pred tem niso prejemali nikakršnega zdravila proti okužbi s HIV.
The main measures of effectiveness were the change in the level of HIV in the blood (viral load) and the change in the number of CD4 T-cells in the blood (CD4 cell count) after 12 weeks of treatment.
Glavni merili učinkovitosti sta bili sprememba koncentracije virusa HIV v krvi (virusnega bremena) in števila CD4 T- celic v krvi po 12 tednih zdravljenja.
CD4 T-cells are white blood cells that are important in helping to fight infections, but which are killed by HIV.
CD4 T- celice so bele krvničke, ki imajo pomembno vlogo pri premagovanju okužb, vendar pa jih virus HIV ubija.
The company also looked at the way the combined tablet was absorbed in the body in comparison with the separate tablets.
Družba je preučila tudi, kako se kombinirana tableta absorbira v telesu v primerjavi s tabletami z ločenima učinkovinama.
In order to support its recommendations for Combivir doses in children, the company presented information from studies of the levels of lamivudine and zidovudine in the blood of children taking the medicines separately.
Da bi družba utemeljila svoja priporočila glede uporabe zdravila Combivir pri otrocih, je predložila podatke iz študij, v katerih so preučevali ravni lamivudina in zidovudina v krvi otrok, ki so zdravili jemali ločeno.
It also presented information on the predicted blood levels of the two substances in children taking the two substances combined in one tablet.
Družba je predložila tudi podatke o predvidenih ravneh obeh učinkovin v krvi pri otrocih, ki so jemali obe učinkovini, kombinirani v eni tableti.
Combivir was effective at reducing viral loads and allowing CD4 cell counts to rise.
Zdravilo Combivir je bilo učinkovito pri zmanjšanju virusnega bremena in je omogočilo povečanje števila celic CD4.
The earlier studies showed that the active substances, lamivudine and zidovudine, taken together could reduce viral loads and allow CD4 cell counts to rise after up to one year of treatment.
Starejše študije so pokazale, da lahko zdravilni učinkovini lamivudin in zidovudin, zaužiti skupaj, znižata virusno breme in povečata število celic CD4 po največ enem letu zdravljenja.
In the new study, patients taking Combivir and those taking the two active substances separately had similar falls in viral load.
V novi študiji se je virusno breme pri bolnikih, ki so jemali zdravilo Combivir, in tistih, ki so prejemali obe zdravilni učinkovini ločeno, znižalo v podobnem obsegu.
After 12 weeks, the viral load had fallen by more than 95%.
Po 12 tednih je virusno breme padlo za več kot 95%.
The two groups also had similar rises in CD4 cell counts.
Obe skupini sta imeli tudi podobno povišanje števila celic CD4.
The combination tablet was absorbed in the body in the same way as the separate tablets.
Kombinirano tableto je telo absorbiralo enako kot tablete z ločenima učinkovinama.
In addition, the recommended doses of Combivir in children produced similar levels of the two active substances as in adults.
Poleg tega so priporočeni odmerki zdravila Combivir pri otrocih privedli do podobnih ravni obeh zdravilnih učinkovin kot pri odraslih.
Combivir should not be used by people who may be hypersensitive (allergic) to lamivudine, zidovudine or any of the other ingredients.
Zdravila Combivir ne smejo uporabljati osebe, ki utegnejo biti preobčutljive za (alergične na) lamivudin, zidovudin ali katerokoli drugo sestavino zdravila.
Because it contains zidovudine, it should also not be used by patients with low neutrophil counts (a type of white blood cell) or anaemia (low red blood cell counts).
Ker zdravilo vsebuje učinkovino zidovudin, ga prav tako ne smejo jemati bolniki, ki imajo nizko število nevtrofilcev (vrste belih krvničk) ali anemijo (nizko število rdečih krvničk).
Combivir should not be taken with some other medicines.
Zdravilo Combivir se ne sme jemati sočasno z nekaterimi drugimi zdravili.
See the Package Leaflet for more information.
Za več informacij glejte navodilo za uporabo.
As with other anti-HIV medicines, patients taking Combivir may be at risk of developing lipodystrophy (changes in the distribution of body fat), osteonecrosis (death of bone tissue) or immune reactivation syndrome (symptoms of infection caused by the recovering immune system).
Enako kot pri drugih zdravilih proti virusu HIV obstaja pri bolnikih, ki prejemajo zdravilo Combivir, tveganje za lipodistrofijo (spremembe v porazdelitvi telesne maščobe), osteonekrozo (odmiranje kostnega tkiva) ali sindrom imunske reaktivacije (simptome okužbe, ki jih povzroči izboljšanje stanja imunskega sistema).
Patients who have problems with their liver (including hepatitis B or C infection) may be at an elevated risk of liver damage when taking Combivir.
Bolniki, ki imajo težave z jetri (vključno z okužbo s hepatitisom B ali C) so z jemanjem zdravila Combivir izpostavljeni večjemu tveganju, da pride do poškodb jeter.
As with all other NRTIs, Combivir may also cause lactic acidosis (a build-up of lactic acid in the body) and, in the babies of mothers taking Combivir during pregnancy, mitochondrial dysfunction (damage to the energy-producing components within cells that can cause problems in the blood).
Tako kot drugi zaviralci nukleozidne reverzne transkriptaze lahko tudi zdravilo zdravilo Combivir povzroči laktoacidozo (kopičenje mlečne kisline v telesu), pri dojenčkih mater, ki so med nosečnostjo jemale zdravilo Combivir, pa mitohondrijsko disfunkcijo (poškodbo komponent za proizvajanje energije v celicah, kar se lahko odraža v težavah s krvjo).
The Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) decided that Combivir’ s benefits are greater than its risks in antiretroviral combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.
Odbor za zdravila za uporabo v humani medicini (CHMP) je zaključil, da so koristi zdravila Combivir pri protiretrovirusnem kombinacijskem zdravljenju okužb z virusom HIV večje od z njim povezanih tveganj.
The Committee recommended that Combivir be given marketing authorisation.
Odbor je zato priporočil, da se za zdravilo Combivir odobri dovoljenje za promet.
Other information about Combivir:
2/ 3 Druge informacije o zdravilu Combivir:
The European Commission granted a marketing authorisation valid throughout the EU for Combivir to Glaxo Group Ltd on 18 March 1998.
Evropska komisija je dovoljenje za promet z zdravilom Combivir, veljavno po vsej EU, odobrila družbi Glaxo Group Ltd dne 18. marca 1998.
The marketing authorisation was renewed on 18 March 2003 and on 18 March 2008.
Dovoljenje za promet je bilo obnovljeno dne 18. marca 2003 in 18. marca 2008.
The full EPAR for Combivir is available here.
Celotno evropsko javno poročilo o oceni zdravila (EPAR) za zdravilo Combivir je na voljo tukaj.
Combivir 150 mg/ 300 mg film-coated tablets
Combivir 150 mg/ 300 mg filmsko obložene tablete
White to off-white, capsule-shaped film-coated scored tablets engraved with “ GXFC3” on both sides.
Bele do sivobele filmsko obložene tablete v obliki kapsule z zarezo in oznako "GXFC3", odtisnjeno na obeh straneh.
Combivir is indicated in antiretroviral combination therapy for the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection (see section 4.2).
Zdravilo Combivir je indicirano za kombinirano protiretrovirusno zdravljenje okužb z virusom humane imunske pomanjkljivosti (HIV) (glejte poglavje 4. 2).
For patients who are unable to swallow tablets, tablets may be crushed and added to a small amount of semi-solid food or liquid, all of which should be consumed immediately (see section 5.2).
Bolnik, ki tablet ne more pogoltniti, lahko tablete zdrobi in jih doda v manjšo količino redke hrane ali tekočine, ki jo mora nato v celoti takoj zaužiti (glejte poglavje 5. 2).
Adults and adolescents weighing at least 30 kg: the recommended dose of Combivir is one tablet twice daily.
Priporočeni odmerek zdravila Combivir je ena tableta dvakrat na dan.
Children weighing between 21 kg and 30 kg: the recommended oral dose of COMBIVIR is one-half tablet taken in the morning and one whole tablet taken in the evening.
Priporočeni peroralni odmerek zdravila COMBIVIR je polovica tablete zjutraj in ena cela tableta zvečer.
Children weighing from 14 kg to 21 kg: the recommended oral dose of COMBIVIR is one-half tablet taken twice daily.
Priporočeni peroralni odmerek zdravila COMBIVIR je polovica tablete dvakrat na dan.
Combivir tablets should not be used for children weighing less than 14 kg, since doses can not be appropriately adjusted for the weight of the child.
Pri otrocih s telesno maso manjšo od 14 kg se Combivir tablet ne sme uporabljati, saj pri teh otrocih odmerka ni možno ustrezno prilagoditi otrokovi telesni masi.
In these patients, lamivudine and zidovudine should be taken as separate formulations according to the prescribed dosing recommendations for these products.
Tem bolnikom je treba predpisati uporabo lamivudina in zidovudina kot ločeni zdravilni učinkovini v skladu z navodili za odmerjanje
2 For situations where discontinuation of therapy with one of the active substances of Combivir, or dose reduction is necessary separate preparations of lamivudine and zidovudine are available in tablets/ capsules and oral solution.
Za te bolnike in bolnike, ki ne morejo pogoltniti tablet, sta lamivudin in zidovudin na voljo tudi v obliki peroralne raztopine.
Renal impairment:
Oslabljeno delovanje ledvic:
Lamivudine and zidovudine concentrations are increased in patients with renal impairment due to decreased clearance.
Zaradi manjšega očistka so koncentracije lamivudina in zidovudina pri bolnikih z oslabljenim delovanjem ledvic povečane.
Therefore as dosage adjustment of these may be necessary it is recommended that separate preparations of lamivudine and zidovudine be administered to patients with reduced renal function (creatinine clearance ≤ 50 ml/ min).
Ker bo tako verjetno potrebno odmerek posamezne učinkovine prilagoditi, je pri bolnikih z oslabljenim delovanjem ledvic (kreatininski očistek ≤50 ml/ min) priporočljivo uporabljati lamivudin in zidovudin kot samostojni zdravili.
Dosage adjustments in patients with haematological adverse reactions:
Prilagajanje odmerka pri bolnikih z neželenimi hematološkimi reakcijami:
Dosage adjustment of zidovudine may be necessary if the haemoglobin level falls below 9 g/ dl or 5.59 mmol/ l or the neutrophil count falls below 1.0 x 109/ l (see sections 4.3 and 4.4).
Če se vrednost hemoglobina zmanjša pod 9 g/ dl ali 5, 59 mmol/ l, ali se število nevtrofilcev zmanjša pod 1, 0 x 109/ l (glejte poglavji 4. 3 in 4. 4), bo verjetno potrebno odmerek zidovudina prilagoditi.
Dosage in the elderly:
Odmerjanje pri starostnikih:
No specific data are available, however special care is advised in this age group due to age associated changes such as the decrease in renal function and alteration of haematological parameters.
Specifični podatki niso na voljo, vendar pa je pri tej starostni skupini, zaradi s starostjo povezanih sprememb, kot sta zmanjšano delovanje ledvic in spremembe v hematoloških parametrih, potrebna posebna previdnost pri odmerjanju.
Zidovudine is contraindicated in patients with abnormally low neutrophil counts (< 0.75 x 109/ l), or abnormally low haemoglobin levels (< 7.5 g/ dl or 4.65 mmol/ l).
Zidovudin je kontraindiciran pri bolnikih z izredno nizkim številom nevtrofilcev (< 0, 75 x 109/ l) ali izredno nizkimi vrednostmi hemoglobina (< 7, 5 g/ dl ali 4, 65 mmol/ l).
Combivir is therefore contra- indicated in these patients (see section 4.4).
Zdravilo Combivir je torej pri teh bolnikih kontraindicirano (glejte poglavje 4. 4).
It is recommended that separate preparations of lamivudine and zidovudine should be administered in cases where dosage adjustment is necessary (see section 4.2).
V primerih, ko je potrebno odmerek posamezne učinkovine prilagoditi, je priporočljivo uporabiti lamivudin in zidovudin kot samostojni zdravili (glejte poglavje 4. 2).
The concomitant use of stavudine with zidovudine should be avoided (see section 4.5).
Sočasni uporabi stavudina in zidovudina se je treba izogibati (glejte poglavje 4. 5).
Therefore patients should remain under close clinical observation by physicians experienced in the treatment of HIV infection.
Ker se pri bolnikih, ki se zdravijo z zdravilom Combivir ali s katerim koli drugim protiretrovirusnim zdravljenjem, še vedno lahko pojavijo oportunistične okužbe in drugi zapleti vezani na okužbo z virusom HIV, morajo bolniki ostati pod skrbnim kliničnim nadzorom zdravnikov z izkušnjami pri zdravljenju okužbe z virusom HIV.
Transmission of HIV:
Prenos virusa HIV:
Appropriate precautions should continue to be taken.
Bolnikom je potrebno pojasniti, da ni bilo dokazano, da bi trenutna
3 Haematological adverse reactions:
3 protiretrovirusna zdravljenja, vključno z zdravilom Combivir, preprečila tveganje za prenos virusa HIV na druge med spolnim stikom ali z okuženo krvjo.
These occurred more frequently at higher zidovudine dosages (1200-1500 mg/ day) and in patients with poor bone marrow reserve prior to treatment, particularly with advanced HIV disease.
Te so se pogosteje pojavile pri višjih odmerkih zidovudina (1200 do 1500 mg/ dan) in pri bolnikih, ki so že pred začetkom zdravljenja imeli zmanjšano zalogo kostnega mozga, še posebej pri tistih v napredovalem obdobju HIV bolezni.
Haematological parameters should therefore be carefully monitored (see section 4.3) in patients receiving Combivir.
Hematološke parametre je torej potrebno pri bolnikih, ki prejemajo zdravilo Combivir, skrbno nadzorovati (glejte poglavje 4. 3).
Additionally dosage adjustment of zidovudine may be required if severe anaemia or myelosuppression occurs during treatment with Combivir, or in patients with pre-existing bone marrow compromise e. g. haemoglobin < 9 g/ dl (5.59 mmol/ l) or neutrophil count < 1.0 x 109/ l (see section 4.2).
Enako velja za bolnike, ki imajo kostni mozeg prizadet že pred začetkom zdravljenja, npr. hemoglobin < 9 g/ dl (5, 59 mmol/ l) ali število nevtrofilcev < 1, 0 x 109/ l (glejte poglavje 4. 2).
Pancreatitis:
Pankreatitis:
Cases of pancreatitis have occurred rarely in patients treated with lamivudine and zidovudine.
Pri bolnikih, ki so se zdravili z lamivudinom in zidovudinom so bili primeri pankreatitisa redki.
Lactic acidosis: lactic acidosis usually associated with hepatomegaly and hepatic steatosis has been reported with the use of nucleoside analogues.
Pri uporabi nukleozidnih analogov so poročali o laktacidozi, navadno povezani s hepatomegalijo in z jetrno steatozo.
Early symptoms (symptomatic hyperlactatemia) include benign digestive symptoms (nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain) non-specific malaise, loss of appetite, weight loss, respiratory symptoms (rapid and/ or deep breathing) or neurological symptoms (including motor weakness).
Zgodnji simptomi (simptomatska hiperlaktatemija) vključujejo blažje prebavne simptome (navzeo, bruhanje in abdominalno bolečino), nespecifičen občutek slabosti, izgubo apetita, hujšanje, respiratorne simptome (hitro in/ ali globoko dihanje) ali nevrološke simptome (vključno z motorično oslabelostjo).
Treatment with nucleoside analogues should be discontinued if there is symptomatic hyperlactatemia and metabolic/ lactic acidosis, progressive hepatomegaly, or rapidly elevating aminotransferase levels.
Zdravljenje z nukleozidnimi analogi je potrebno prekiniti v primeru simptomatske hiperlaktatemije in metabolične acidoze/ laktacidoze, progresivne hepatomegalije ali v primeru naglega naraščanja vrednosti aminotransferaze.
Caution should be exercised when administering nucleoside analogues to any patient (particularly obese women) with hepatomegaly, hepatitis or other known risk factors for liver disease and hepatic steatosis (including certain medicinal products and alcohol).
Pri dajanju nukleozidnih analogov kateremu koli bolniku (še posebej bolnicam s prekomerno telesno maso) s hepatomegalijo, hepatitisom ali z drugimi znanimi dejavniki tveganja za jetrno bolezen in jetrno steatozo (vključno z določenimi zdravil in alkoholom) je potrebna previdnost.
Patients co-infected with hepatitis C and treated with alpha interferon and ribavirin may constitute a special risk.
Še posebno tveganje lahko predstavljajo bolniki, ki so sočasno okuženi z virusom hepatitisa C in se zdravijo z alfa interferonom ter ribavirinom.
Patients at increased risk should be followed closely.
Bolnike s povečanim tveganjem je potrebno skrbno nadzirati.
Mitochondrial dysfunction:
Mitohondrijska disfunkcija:
Nucleoside and nucleotide analogues have been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo to cause a variable degree of mitochondrial damage.
In vitro in in vivo je bilo dokazano, da nukleozidni in nukleotidni analogi povzročajo različno stopnjo okvare mitohondrijev.
There have been reports of mitochondrial dysfunction in HIV-negative infants exposed in utero and/ or post-natally to nucleoside analogues.
Obstajajo poročila o mitohondrijski disfunkciji pri HIV- negativnih dojenčkih, ki so bili in utero in/ ali postnatalno izpostavljeni nukleozidnim analogom.
These events are often transitory.
Ti neželeni učinki so pogosto prehodni.
Some late-onset neurological disorders have been reported (hypertonia, convulsion, abnormal behaviour).
Poročali so o nekaterih
4 Lipodystrophy:
4 primerih nevroloških motenj, ki nastopijo kasneje (hipertonija, konvulzije, nenormalno obnašanje).
Combination antiretroviral therapy has been associated with the redistribution of body fat (lipodystrophy) in HIV patients.
Te ugotovitve ne vplivajo na trenutna nacionalna priporočila o uporabi protiretrovirusnega zdravljenja pri nosečnicah za preprečitev vertikalnega prenosa okužbe z virusom HIV.
The long-term consequences of these events are currently unknown.
Pri bolnikih, okuženih z virusom HIV, je bilo kombinirano protiretrovirusno zdravljenje povezano s prerazdelitvijo telesnega maščevja (lipodistrofija).
Knowledge about the mechanism is incomplete.
Dolgoročne posledice tega učinka trenutno niso poznane, vedenje o mehanizmu pa je nepopolno.
A connection between visceral lipomatosis and protease inhibitors (PIs) and lipoatrophy and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) has been hypothesised.
Domneva se, da gre za povezavo med visceralno lipomatozo in zaviralci proteaz (PI- ji) ter lipoatrofijo in zaviralci nukleozidne in nukleotidne reverzne transkriptaze (NRTI- ji).
A higher risk of lipodystrophy has been associated with individual factors such as older age, and with drug related factors such as longer duration of antiretroviral treatment and associated metabolic disturbances.
Večje tveganje za lipodistrofijo je bilo povezano z individualnimi dejavniki, kot je višja starost, in z od zdravila odvisnimi dejavniki, kot je dolgotrajno protiretrovirusno zdravljenje, in z njimi povezanimi metaboličnimi motnjami.
Clinical examination should include evaluation for physical signs of fat redistribution.
Klinični pregled mora vključevati oceno telesnih znakov prerazdelitve maščevja.
Immune Reactivation Syndrome:
Sindrom imunske reaktivacije:
Relevant examples are cytomegalovirus retinitis, generalised and/ or focal mycobacterium infections, and Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (formerly known as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia).
Ustrezni primeri so citomegalovirusni retinitis, generalizirane in/ ali žariščne okužbe z mikobakterijami in s Pneumocystis jiroveci povzročena pljučnica (pred tem znana kot s Pneumocystis carinii povzročena pljučnica).
Liver disease:
Bolezni jeter:
If lamivudine is being used concomitantly for the treatment of HIV and HBV, additional information relating to the use of lamivudine in the treatment of hepatitis B infection is available in the Zeffix SPC.
V primeru sočasnega zdravljenja bolezni HIV in hepatitisa B z lamivudinom, so dodatne informacije, ki se nanašajo na uporabo lamivudina pri zdravljenju okužbe z virusom hepatitisa B, na voljo v Povzetku glavnih značilnosti zdravila Zeffix.
Patients co-infected with hepatitis C virus:
Bolniki, sočasno okuženi z virusom hepatitisa C:
The concomitant use of ribavirin with zidovudine is not recommended due to an increased risk of anaemia (see section 4.5).
Zaradi večjega tveganja za pojav anemije sočasne uporabe ribavirina in zidovudina ne priporočamo (glejte poglavje 4. 5).
Although the etiology is considered to be multifactorial (including corticosteroid use, alcohol consumption, severe immunosuppression, higher body mass index), cases of osteonecrosis have been reported particularly in patients with advanced HIV-disease and/ or long-term exposure to combination antiretroviral therapy (CART).
Bolnikom je
Patients should be advised to seek medical advice if they experience joint aches and pain, joint stiffness or difficulty in movement.
5 treba svetovati, naj poiščejo zdravniško pomoč, če se jim pojavijo bolečine v sklepih, togost sklepov ali težave z gibljivostjo.
As Combivir contains lamivudine and zidovudine, any interactions that have been identified with these agents individually may occur with Combivir.
Ker zdravilo Combivir vsebuje lamivudin in zidovudin, se lahko pri njegovi uporabi pojavi katera koli interakcija, ki je bila opažena pri uporabi vsake posamezne učinkovine.
The likelihood of metabolic interactions with lamivudine is low due to limited metabolism and plasma protein binding, and almost complete renal clearance.
Zaradi omejene presnove in vezave na plazemske proteine ter skoraj popolnega ledvičnega očistka je verjetnost presnovnih interakcij z lamivudinom majhna.
Zidovudine is primarily eliminated by hepatic conjugation to an inactive glucuronidated metabolite.
Zidovudin se v glavnem izloča s pomočjo konjugacije v jetrih v neaktiven glukuronidiran presnovek.
Medicinal products which are primarily eliminated by hepatic metabolism especially via glucuronidation may have the potential to inhibit metabolism of zidovudine.
Zdravila, ki se pretežno izločajo s presnovo v jetrih, zlasti s pomočjo glukuronidacije, utegnejo potencialno zavirati presnovo zidovudina.