natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. the second dose given two months after the first and the third given four months after the second.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. je treba vedno dati še tretji odmerek.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. the stomach.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. želodca, ki črpajo kislino v želodec.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. the type and stage of the disease being treated.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. na isto mesto.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. the vaccine’s effect.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. odmerek.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. therefore allowing the blood vessels to widen.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. zaradi česar se krvne žile razširijo.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. therefore allowing the blood vessels to widen.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. česar se krvne žile razširijo.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. those associated with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a substance which conveys messages between nerves (neurotransmitter).
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. prenašalec).
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. to reduce the need for blood transfusions in adults with moderate anaemia who are about to undergo major orthopaedic (bone) surgery, such as hip surgery.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. za zmanjšanje potrebe po transfuziji krvi pri odraslih z blago obliko anemije pred zahtevnejšim ortopedskim kirurškim posegom (na kosteh), na primer operacijo kolkov.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. to treat persistent neutropenia in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, to reduce the risk of bacterial infections when other treatments are not appropriate.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. za zdravljenje trdovratne nevtropenije pri bolnikih z napredovalo okužbo z virusom humane imunske pomanjkljivosti (HIV), za zmanjšanje bakterijskih okužb, kadar ostale vrste zdravljenja niso primerne.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. together with the first daily dose of the levodopa preparation, and subsequent doses of Tasmar should be given approximately 6 and 12 hours later.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. dnevnim odmerkom pripravka z levodopo, nadaljnje odmerke zdravila Tasmar pa je treba dati približno 6 in 12 ur kasneje.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. tolerates the treatment.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. dan.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. treatment for as long as the doctor believes the patient is benefiting from it.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. štiritedenskega zdravljenja, ki mu sledijo štirje tedni brez zdravljenja, vse dokler je zdravnik prepričan, da zdravljenje bolniku koristi.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. treatment of both asthma and COPD, while Revinty Ellipta 184/22 microgram (184 micrograms of fluticasone furoate and 22 micrograms of vilanterol) can only be used for the treatment of asthma.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. zdravilo Revinty Ellipta 184/22 mikrogramov (184 mikrogramov flutikazon furoata in 22 mikrogramov vilanterola) uporablja samo za zdravljenje astme.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. treatment with Axura should be reassessed on a regular basis.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. zdravljenja, od takrat naprej pa je treba koristi zdravljenja z zdravilom Axura ponovno ocenjevati v rednih intervalih.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. treatment with Ebixa should be reassessed on a regular basis.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. zdravljenja, od takrat naprej pa je treba koristi zdravljenja z zdravilom Ebixa ponovno ocenjevati v rednih intervalih.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. treatment with Marixino should be reassessed on a regular basis.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. oceniti v treh mesecih od začetka zdravljenja, od takrat naprej pa je treba redno ocenjevati koristi zdravljenja z zdravilom Marixino.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. vaccinated dogs since the vaccine does not prevent Leishmania infection.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. po cepljenju in traja eno leto.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. virus.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. razvije protitelesa.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. weight is given by infusion into a vein every twelve hours, up to a maximum dose of 50 mg every 12 hours.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. na kilogram telesne mase, vse do največjega možnega odmerka 50 mg vsakih 12 ur.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. where tap water contains a lot of dissolved calcium, bottled water with a low mineral content may be used).
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. mineralov).
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. with a type of diabetes medicine called a sulphonylurea or with insulin, the dose of the sulphonylurea or insulin may need to be lowered to avoid hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar levels).
Če se zdravilo uporablja v kombinaciji z vrsto zdravila za sladkorno bolezen, ki se imenuje sulfonilsečnina, ali insulinom, bo morda treba odmerek sulfonilsečnine ali insulina zmanjšati, da se izognemo hipoglikemiji (nizki ravni sladkorja v krvi).
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. worse or side effects become unacceptable.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. učinki ne postanejo nesprejemljivi.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. years who weigh between 25 and 39 kg, the dose depends on body weight.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. med 25 in 39 kg, je odmerek odvisen od telesne mase.
Reproduction studies in the rat and the rabbit showed no effect of agomelatine on fertility (see section 5.3).
Študije o razmnoževanju na podganah in kuncih niso pokazale nikakršnega učinka agomelatina na plodnost (glejte poglavje 5.3).
Reproduction toxicity
Škodljivi učinki na sposobnost razmnoževanja
Reproduction toxicity data show that ASA is teratogenic in several laboratory animals.
2BPodatki o vplivu na sposobnost razmnoževanja kažejo teratogenost ASA pri več laboratorijskih živalih.
Reproduction toxicity data show that ASA is teratogenic in several laboratory animals.
P3B odatki o vplivu na sposobnost razmnoževanja kažejo teratogenost ASA pri več laboratorijskih živalih.
Reproduction toxicity studies with timolol showed delayed foetal ossification in rats with no adverse effects on postnatal development (7000 times the clinical dose) and increased foetal resorptions in rabbits (14000 times the clinical dose).
Študije vpliva na sposobnost razmnoževanja s timololom so pokazale zapoznelo osifikacijo pri plodu podgan, brez neželenih učinkov na poporodni razvoj (7000-kratnik kliničnega odmerka) ter povečano resorpcijo plodov pri kuncih (14000-kratnik kliničnega odmerka).
Reproduction toxicity studies with timolol showed delayed foetal ossification in rats with no adverse effects on postnatal development (at 50 mg/kg/day or 3500 times the daily clinical dose of 14 g/kg/day) and increased foetal resorptions in rabbits (at 90 mg/kg/day or 6400 times the daily clinical dose).
Študije toksičnosti timolola za razmnoževanje so pokazale zapoznelo osifikacijo pri podganjih plodovih, brez neželenih učinkov na poporodni razvoj (pri odmerku 50 mg/kg/dan oziroma pri 3500-kratniku kliničnega dnevnega odmerka 14 g/kg/dan) in povečano pogostnost resorpcije ploda pri kuncih (pri odmerku 90 mg/kg/dan oziroma pri 6400-kratniku kliničnega dnevnega odmerka).
Reproduction toxicity studies with travoprost have been undertaken in rat, mice and rabbit by systemic route.
Študije reprodukcijske toksičnosti s travoprostom so opravili s sistemsko uporabo zdravila na podganah, miših in kuncih.
Reproduction toxicity:
Vpliv na sposobnost razmnoževanja:
Reproduction toxicology findings may be related to the pharmacodynamic action of glimepiride.
Izsledke reproduktivnih toksičnih učinkov je mogoče povezati s farmakodinamičnim delovanjem glimepirida.
Reproduction: sexual dysfunction, decreased libido, male sexual difficulty.
Razmnoževanje: spolne motnje, zmanjšana spolna sla, spolne motnje pri moških.
Reproduction:sexual dysfunction, decreased libido.
Razmnoževanje: spolne motnje, zmanjšana spolna sla
Reproductive and breast disorders
Motnje reprodukcije in dojk
Reproductive and developmental toxicity studies evaluating teduglutide have been carried out in rats and rabbits at doses of 0, 2, 10 and 50 mg/kg/day subcutaneously.
Študije reproduktivne in razvojne toksičnosti teduglutida so bile opravljene na podganah in zajcih s subkutanimi odmerki po 0, 2, 10 in 50 mg/kg/dan.
Reproductive studies in animals have not shown evidence of teratogenicity and showed no effect on male or female fertility.
Reproduktivne študije na živalih niso podale dokazov o teratogenosti in so pokazale, da lamivudin ne vpliva na plodnost samcev ali samic.
Reproductive studies in animals have not shown evidence of teratogenicity and showed no effect on male or female fertility.
Reproduktivne študije na živalih niso podale dokazov o teratogenosti, pokazale pa so, da ne vpliva na plodnost samcev ali samic.
Reproductive studies in animals have shown that glucocorticoids can cause foetal abnormalities and reproductive toxicity, see section 5.3.
Reproduktivne študije pri živalih so pokazale, da lahko glukokortikoidi povzročajo nepravilnosti pri plodu in vpliva na sposobnost razmnoževanja, glejte poglavje 5.3.
Reproductive studies with artemisinin derivatives have demonstrated teratogenic potential with an increased risk during early gestation (see section 5.3).
Študije razmnoževanja z derivati artemizinina so pokazale teratogeni potencial z zvečanjem tveganja v zgodnji nosečnosti (glejte poglavje 5.3).
Reproductive system
Reproduktivni sistem
Reproductive system and
Motnje reprodukcije in dojk
Reproductive system and breast
Motnje reprodukcije in dojk
Reproductive system and breast disorder
Motnje reprodukcije in
Reproductive system and breast disorder
Organski sistem po MedDRA
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Bolezni jeter, žolčnika in žolčevodov
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Bolezni kože in podkožja
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Bolezni krvi in limfatičnega sistema
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Bolezni mišično- skeletnega sistema in vezivnega tkiva
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Bolezni mišično-skeletnega sistema in vezivnega tkiva
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Bolezni prebavil
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Bolezni reprodukcijskih organov in dojk
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Bolezni reproduktivnega sistema in dojk
Reproductive system and breast disorders
ečanje dojk pri
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Motnje produkcije in dojk
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Motnje reporodukcije in dojk
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Motnje reproduk- cije in dojk
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Motnje reproduk-ci je in dojk
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Motnje reproduk-cije in dojk
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Motnje reprodukcij e in dojk
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Motnje reprodukcije in
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Motnje reprodukcije in dojk Pogosto:
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Organski sistem
Reproductive system and breast disorders
reprodukcije in
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Splošne težave in spremembe na mestu aplikacije
Reproductive system and breast disorders uncommon: dysmenorrhoea and uterine bleeding
Motnje reprodukcije in dojk občasni: dismenoreja in krvavitev iz maternice
Reproductive system and breast disorders:
Motnje reprodukcije in dojk
Reproductive system and breast Uncommon: sexual dysfunction, libido changes  disorders:
Motnje reprodukcije in dojk: Občasni: motnje pri spolnosti, spremembe libida
Reproductive system and Uncommon: sexual dysfunction, libido changes  breast disorders
Motnje reprodukcije in dojk Občasni: motnje pri spolnosti, spremembe libida
Reproductive system bleedingsk
krvavitve v reproduktivnih organihk
Reproductive system disorders: Impotence (inability to maintain an erection)
Motnje reprodukcije: impotenca (nesposobnost vzdrževanja erekcije).
Reproductive system, and breast disorders
Motnje reprodukcije in dojk
Reproductive toxicity
Škodljivi učinki na sposobnost razmnoževanja
Reproductive toxicity and development toxicity
Vpliv na sposobnost razmnoževanja in vpliv na razvoj
Reproductive toxicity and impairment of fertility studies with CE/bazedoxifene have not been conducted.
Študije vpliva na razmnoževanje in okvare plodnosti s kombinacijo CE/bazedoksifena niso bile izvedene.
Reproductive toxicity studies have not been conducted with blinatumomab.
Študij toksičnih učinkov na sposobnost razmnoževanja z blinatumomabom niso izvedli.
Reproductive toxicity studies in rats and rabbits showed no effects on mating, fertility, pregnancy or fetal parameters.
Študije o vplivu na sposobnost razmnoževanja pri podganah in kuncih niso pokazale učinkov na parjenje, plodnost, nosečnost ali plod.
Reproductive toxicity studies in rats and rabbits with cobicistat showed no effects on mating, fertility, pregnancy or fetal parameters.
Študije vpliva kobicistata na sposobnost razmnoževanja pri podganah in kuncih niso pokazale učinka na parametre parjenja, plodnosti, nosečnost in plod.
Reproductive toxicity studies with fesoterodine in animals show minor embryotoxicity (see section 5.3).
Študije vpliva fesoterodina na sposobnost razmnoževanja na živalih so pokazale manjšo embriotoksičnost (glejte poglavje 5.3).
Reproductive toxicity testing showed no evidence of effects on fertility, embryofetal, or postnatal development.
Testiranje reproduktivne toksičnosti ni pokazalo nikakršnih dokazov o vplivih na plodnost, razvoj zarodka/plodu ali postnatalni razvoj.
Reproductive toxicity was shown in a study of cynomolgus monkeys, dosed throughout pregnancy with denosumab at AUC exposures 119-fold higher than the human dose (see section 5.3).
Reproduktivna toksičnost je bila ugotovljena v študiji na opicah cynomolgus, ki so med nosečnostjo prejemale toliko denosumaba, da je bila izpostavljenost glede na AUC 119-krat večja, kot je z odmerkom za človeka (glejte poglavje 5.3).
Reproductive toxicity was shown in a study of cynomolgus monkeys, dosed throughout pregnancy with denosumab at AUC exposures 12-fold higher than the human dose (see section 5.3).
Vpliv na sposobnost razmnoževanja je bil ugotovljen v študiji na opicah cynomolgus, ki so med nosečnostjo prejemale toliko denosumaba, da je bila izpostavljenost glede na AUC 12-krat višja kot z odmerkom za človeka (glejte poglavje 5.3).
Reproductive toxicology
Vpliv na sposobnost razmnoževanja
Reproductive toxicology studies
Študije škodljivega vpliva na zarodek
reproductive tract infections
okužbe reproduktivnih organov
reproductive tract infections;
okužbe reproduktivnih organov;
Repso 10 mg film-coated tablets HDPE tablet containers: 2 years Blisters: 2 years
Repso 10 mg filmsko obložene tablete HDPE vsebniki za tablete: 2 leti Pretisni omoti: 2 leti
Repso 10 mg film-coated tablets Repso 20 mg film-coated tablets
Repso 10 mg filmsko obložene tablete Repso 20 mg filmsko obložene tablete
Repso 10 mg tablets leflunomide
Repso 10 mg filmsko obložene tablete leflunomid
Repso 20 mg film-coated tablets are dark beige, triangle shaped, film-coated tablets, engraved with ”20” on one side and “L” on the other.
Repso 20 mg filmsko obložene tablete so temno rjavkaste, trikotne filmsko obložene tablete, z vgravirano oznako »20« na eni strani in »L« na drugi strani tablete.
Repso 20 mg film-coated tablets HDPE tablet containers: 2 years Blisters: 18 months
Repso 20 mg filmsko obložene tablete HDPE vsebniki za tablete: 2 leti Pretisni omoti: 18 mesecev
Repso 20 mg tablets leflunomide
Repso 20 mg filmsko obložene tablete leflunomid
Repso contains lactose.
Zdravilo Repso vsebuje laktozo.
Repso is a ‘generic medicine’.
Zdravilo Repso je „generično zdravilo“.
Repso is not recommended for use in children and adolescents below 18 years of age.
Uporaba zdravila Repso ni priporočljiva pri otrocih in mladostnikih, ki so mlajši od 18 let.
Repso treatment starts with a ‘loading dose’ of 100 mg once a day for three days, followed by a maintenance dose.
Zdravljenje z zdravilom Repso se začne z začetnim odmerkom 100 mg enkrat na dan prve tri dni, čemur sledi vzdrževalni odmerek.
Repso with food, drink and alcohol
Zdravila Repso skupaj s hrano, pijačo in alkoholom
Repso with food, drink and alcohol
Zdravilo Repso skupaj s hrano, pijačo in alkoholom
Request to inform the physician of all medical conditions before treatment
Zahteva, da mora bolnik pred začetkom zdravljenja zdravnika natančno obvestiti o svojem zdravstvenem stanju.
Request to inform the physician of all medical conditions before treatment.
Zahteva, da mora bolnik pred začetkom zdravljenja zdravnika natančno obvestiti o svojem zdravstvenem stanju.
require additional titration
zaključka zdravljenja z
require dose reduction when
amprenavir/ritonavir in
Required amount of pre-donated blood Required amount of pre-donated blood [units] [units]
Potrebna količina vnaprej darovane krvi Potrebna količina vnaprej darovane krvi (enote) (enote)
required for carisoprodol;
potrebna; povečajte
required for diazepam;
Prilagoditev odmerka diazepama ni
required for Victrelis or
ali tenofovirja ni treba
required for Victrelis or
zdravila Victrelis ali
Required IU = body weight (kg) × desired factor VIII rise (% of normal) × 0.5
Potrebno število enot (i.e.) = telesna masa (kg) × želeni dvig faktorja VIII (% normalne vrednosti) × 0,5
Required Power Output from Diffusera (W)
Zahtevana izhodna moč iz difuzorjaa (W)
required to obtain the desired clinical effect.
dosegli želeni klinični učinek.
required to obtain the desired clinical effect.
ranitidina, da bomo dosegli želeni klinični
Required training
Zahtevano usposabljanje
Required units = body weight (kg) x desired factor VIII rise (% or IU/dL) x reciprocal of observed recovery (i.e.
Potrebno število enot = telesna masa (kg) x želeni dvig faktorja VIII (% ali i.e./dl) x recipročna vrednost opaženega izboljšanja ( npr.
Required units = body weight [kg] x desired FVIII rise [% or IU/dl] x 0.5.
Potrebno št. enot = telesna masa [kg] x želeni dvig FVIII [% ali i.e./dl] x 0,5.
Required Volumes of 10 mg/ml VFEND Concentrate
Volumni, potrebni za 10 mg/ml VFEND koncentrata
Required Volumes of 10 mg/ml Voriconazole Hospira Concentrate
Volumni, potrebni za 10 mg/ml koncentrata zdravila Vorikonazol Hospira
required when co-administered with telaprevir.
prilagajati odmerka buprenorfina.
required when OLYSIO is
potrebno pri sočasni
required, starting with the
razmisliti o začetku
required.
ni potrebna.
required.
potrebno.
required: increase at
odmerek: povečujte ga v
Requirement to dry the wound using standard techniques (e.g., intermittent application of compresses, swabs, use of suction devices) prior to using the product
zahtevano je, da je treba pred uporabo zdravila rano osušiti s standardnimi tehnikami (npr. z uporabo kompres, tamponov ali uporabo sesalnih naprav med postopkom)
requirement to dry the wound using standard techniques (e.g., intermittent application of compresses, swabs, use of suction devices) prior to using the product requirement to closely monitor blood pressure, pulse rate, oxygen saturation, and end tidal CO2 when spraying the product, for the occurrence of gas embolism. which regulator(s) should be used, in line with manufacturer recommendations and the SmPC instructions for use
tem, da je treba površino rane osušiti s standardnimi tehnikami (npr. z večkratno aplikacijo kompres, blazinic, z uporabo sesalnih pripomočkov) pred uporabo zdravila; tem, da je treba med pršenjem zdravila skrbno spremljati krvni tlak, srčni utrip, nasičenost s kisikom in izdihan CO2 zaradi možnosti pojava plinske embolije; tem, kateri(-e) regulator(-je) je treba uporabiti, skladno s priporočili proizvajalca in navodili za uporabo, ki so navedeni v Povzetku glavnih značilnosti zdravila.
Requirements before first SYLVANT administration
zahtevana vrednost pred prvim odmerjanjem zdravila SYLVANT
Requirements for home infusion (home condition, patient assessment, emergency treatment);
zahteve za infuzije na domu (stanje doma, ocena bolnika, urgentno zdravljenje);
requirements for submission of periodic safety update reports for this medicinal product are set out in the list of Union reference dates (EURD list) provided for under Article 107c(7) of Directive 2001/83/EC and any subsequent updates published on the European medicines web-portal.
Zahteve glede predložitve rednega posodobljenega poročila o varnosti zdravila za to zdravilo so določene v seznamu referenčnih datumov EU (seznamu EURD), opredeljenem v členu 107c(7) Direktive 2001/83/ES, in vseh kasnejših posodobitvah, objavljenih na evropskem spletnem portalu o zdravilih.
Requirements in the event of pregnancy
zahteve v primeru nosečnosti:
Requires a pregnancy status check before treatment
zahteva preverjanje nosečnosti pred uvedbo zdravljenja,
Requires concomitant use of effective contraception in women of child-bearing potential
zahteva sočasno uporabo učinkovite kontracepcije pri ženskah v rodni dobi,
Requires parenteral or enteral support
Bolnica potrebuje parenteralno ali enteralno podporo.
Requiring rescue therapy, n (%) p-value a
Bolniki, ki so potrebovali zdravljenje z rešilnim zdravilom, n (%) vrednost pa
Requiring transfusion (≥ 4 units)
Zahteva transfuzijo (≥ 4 enote)
Requiring transfusion (≥4 units)
Zahteva transfuzijo (≥ 4 enote)
Rescue medicinal products
Zdravila za prvo pomoč
Rescue therapies allowed in the study were IVIG, platelet transfusions, anti-D immunoglobulin, and corticosteroids. e Stable dose defined as dose maintained within ± 1 µg/kg during the last 8 weeks of treatment.
V študiji dovoljena rešilna zdravila so bila IVIG, transfuzije trombocitov, anti-D imunoglobulin in kortikosteroidi. e Stabilni odmerek je opredeljen kot odmerek, ki je bil v zadnjih 8 tednih zdravljenja znotraj ± 1 µg/kg.
Research has shown a link between the occurrence of a factor IX inhibitor and allergic reactions.
Raziskave so pokazale, da obstaja povezava med pojavom inhibitorja faktorja IX in alergijskimi reakcijami.
Research has shown an increased risk of birth defects in children of women taking anti-epileptic medicines.
Raziskava je pokazala, da je pri ženskah, ki jemljejo antiepileptike, tveganje za pojav prirojenih okvar pri otrocih večja.
Research has shown an increased risk of birth defects in children of women taking anti-epileptic medicines.
Raziskave so pokazale, da je pri otrocih žensk, ki jemljejo antiepileptična zdravila, tveganje prirojenih okvar zvečano.
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-4627 USA
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-4627 ZDA
Reservoir
Merilna skala na pokrovčku
reservoir holder
prostor za tekočino
RESET was a randomised withdrawal trial in 20 patients with Non-24 (median age 55 years) that was designed to evaluate the maintenance of efficacy of tasimelteon after 12-weeks.
RESET je bila randomizirana študija o prekinitvi zdravljenja, v kateri je sodelovalo 20 bolnikov z ne-24- urnim ciklusom (mediana starosti 55 let) in ki je bila zasnovana za oceno ohranitve učinkovitosti tasimelteona po 12 tednih.
Residual scale
merilo
Residual scale
merilo preostanka