natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The cell materials in contact with process solutions must be corrosion resistant to concentrated hydrochloric acid solutions. 
Deli celic, ki so v stiku s procesno raztopino, morajo biti izdelane iz materiala, odpornega proti koroziji s koncentriranimi raztopinami solne kisline.
The cell cathodic compartment must be designed to prevent reoxidation of uranium to its higher valence state. 
Katodni prekat celice mora biti konstruiran tako, da se prepreči ponovna oksidacija urana v višje valentno stanje.
To keep the uranium in the cathodic compartment, the cell may have an impervious diaphragm membrane constructed of special cation exchange material. 
Da uran ostane v katodnem prekatu, ima lahko celica neprepustno diafragemsko membrano, izdelano iz posebnega materiala za izmenjavo kationov.
The cathode consists of a suitable solid conductor such as graphite. 
Katoda je iz primernega trdnega prevodnika, kot je grafit.
(b) Especially designed or prepared systems at the product end of the cascade for taking the U4+ out of the organic stream, adjusting the acid concentration and feeding to the electrochemical reduction cells. 
(b) To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani sistemi na koncu kaskade za odvzem U4+ iz pretoka organske komponente, uravnavanje koncentracije kisline in napajanje celic za elektrokemično redukcijo.
These systems consist of solvent extraction equipment for stripping the U4+ from the organic stream into an aqueous solution, evaporation and/or other equipment to accomplish solution pH adjustment and control, and pumps or other transfer devices for feeding to the electrochemical reduction cells. 
Ti sistemi so sestavljeni iz opreme za solventno ekstrakcijo za izločanje U4+ iz organske komponente v vodno raztopino, opreme za izparevanje in/ali druge opreme za uravnavanje in nadziranje pH raztopine, črpalk ali drugih naprav za napajanje celic za elektrokemično redukcijo.
A major design concern is to avoid contamination of the aqueous stream with certain metal ions. 
Pomembna zahteva pri konstruiranju je preprečiti onesnaženje vodnega toka z določenimi kovinskimi ioni.
Consequently, for those parts in contact with the process stream, the system is constructed of equipment made of or protected by suitable materials (such as glass, fluorocarbon polymers, polyphenyl sulfate, polyether sulfone, and resin-impregnated graphite). 
Zato dele sistema, ki so v stiku s procesnim tokom, sestavlja oprema, izdelana iz primernega materiala (kot so npr. steklo, polimeri fluoroogljika, polifenilsulfat, polietersulfon in s smolo impregnirani grafit) ali zaščitena z njimi.
Feed preparation systems (chemical exchange) 
5.6.4 Sistemi za pripravo vhodnih komponent (kemična izmenjava)
Especially designed or prepared systems for producing high-purity uranium chloride feed solutions for chemical exchange uranium isotope separation plants. 
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani sistemi za proizvodnjo vhodne raztopine uranovega klorida visoke čistosti za naprave, ki se uporabljajo pri izotopskem ločevanju urana s postopkom kemične izmenjave.
These systems consist of dissolution, solvent extraction and/or ion exchange equipment for purification and electrolytic cells for reducing the uranium U6+ or U4+ to U3+. 
Ti sistemi so sestavljeni iz opreme za raztapljanje, solventno ekstrakcijo in/ali ionsko izmenjavo za čiščenje ter iz elektrolitskih celic za redukcijo urana U6+ali U4+ v U3+.
These systems produce uranium chloride solutions having only a few parts per million of metallic impurities such as chromium, iron, vanadium, molybdenum and other bivalent or higher multi-valent cations. 
Pri tem nastane raztopina uranovega klorida, ki ima le nekaj ppm kovinskih nečistoč, kot so krom, železo, vanadij, molibden in drugi dvovalentni ali večvalentni kationi.
Materials of construction for portions of the systems processing high-purity U3+ include glass, fluorocarbon polymers, polyphenyl sulfate or polyether sulfone plastic-lined and resin-impregnated graphite. 
Konstrukcijski materiali delov sistema za pridobivanje visoko čistega U3+ so steklo, polimeri fluoroogljika, polifenilsulfat, polietersulfon ter s plastiko prevlečeni in s smolo impregnirani grafiti.
Uranium oxidation systems (chemical exchange) 
5.6.5 Sistemi za oksidacijo urana (kemična izmenjava)
Especially designed or prepared systems for oxidation of U3+ to U4+ for return to the uranium isotope separation cascade in the chemical exchange enrichment process. 
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani sistemi za oksidacijo urana iz U3+ v U4+ in njegovo vračanje v kaskade za izotopsko ločevanje urana pri procesu obogatitve s kemično izmenjavo.
These systems may incorporate equipment such as: 
Ti sistemi lahko vsebujejo opremo, kot je:
(a) equipment for contacting chlorine and oxygen with the aqueous effluent from the isotope separation equipment and extracting the resultant U4+ into the stripped organic stream returning from the product end of the cascade, 
(a) oprema za vzpostavljanje stika med klorom in kisikom z vodnim iztokom iz opreme za ločevanje izotopov in za ekstrahiranje tako dobljenega U4+ v organski tok, ki se po desorpciji vrača s konca kaskade;
(b) equipment that separates water from hydrochloric acid so that the water and the concentrated hydrochloric acid may be reintroduced to the process at the proper locations. 
(b) oprema, ki ločuje vodo od solne kisline, tako da je mogoče vodo in koncentrirano solno kislino ponovno vrniti v postopek na primernih mestih.
Fast-reacting ion exchange resins/adsorbents (ion exchange) 
5.6.6 Visoko aktivne smole in adsorbenti za ionsko izmenjavo (ionska izmenjava)
Fast-reacting ion-exchange resins or adsorbents especially designed or prepared for uranium enrichment using the ion exchange process, including porous macroreticular resins, and/or pellicular structures in which the active chemical exchange groups are limited to a coating on the surface of an inactive porous support structure, and other composite structures in any suitable form including particles or fibres. 
Visoko aktivne smole ali adsorbenti za ionsko izmenjavo so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani za obogatitev urana z ionsko izmenjavo, vključno s poroznimi makromrežastimi smolami in/ali zrnatimi strukturami, pri katerih so aktivne skupine za kemično izmenjavo omejene na prevleko na površini neaktivne porozne nosilne strukture, in drugimi kompozitnimi strukturami v kakršni koli primerni obliki, vključno z delci ali vlakni.
These ion exchange resins/adsorbents have diameters of 0.2 mm or less and must be chemically resistant to concentrated hydrochloric acid solutions as well as physically strong enough so as not to degrade in the exchange columns. 
Te smole in adsorbenti za ionsko izmenjavo s premerom 0,2 mm ali manj morajo biti kemično odporni proti koncentrirani solni kislini in njenim raztopinam ter fizično dovolj trdni, da ne razpadejo v kolonah za ionsko izmenjavo.
The resins/adsorbents are especially designed to achieve very fast uranium isotope exchange kinetics (exchange rate half-time of less than 10 seconds) and are capable of operating at a temperature in the range of 100 °C to 200 °C. 
Smole/adsorbenti so posebej pripravljeni tako, da omogočajo zelo hitro izmenjavo izotopov urana (razpolovni čas hitrosti izmenjave manj kot 10 sekund) in lahko obratujejo pri temperaturi od 100 do 200 oC.
Ion exchange columns (ion exchange) 
5.6.7 Kolone za ionsko izmenjavo (ionska izmenjava)
Cylindrical columns greater than 1000 mm in diameter for containing and supporting packed beds of ion exchange resin/adsorbent, especially designed or prepared for uranium enrichment using the ion exchange process. 
To so valjaste kolone s premerom nad 1000 mm za namestitev slojev smol in adsorbentov za ionsko izmenjavo in so posebej konstruirane ali izdelane za obogatitev urana z ionsko izmenjavo.
These columns are made of or protected by materials (such as titanium or fluorocarbon plastics) resistant to corrosion by concentrated hydrochloric acid solutions and are capable of operating at a temperature in the range of 100 °C to 200 °C and pressures above 0,7 MPa (102 psia). 
Kolone so izdelane iz materiala, odpornega proti koroziji s koncentrirano solno kislino (kot je titan ali fluoroogljikova plastika), ali zaščitene z njim ter lahko obratujejo pri temperaturi od 100 do 200 oC in tlakih nad 0,7 MPa (102 psia).
Ion exchange reflux systems (ion exchange) 
5.6.8 Povratni sistemi za ionsko izmenjavo (ionska izmenjava)
(a) Especially designed or prepared chemical or electrochemical reduction systems for regeneration of the chemical reducing agent(s) used in ion exchange uranium enrichment cascades. 
(a) To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani sistemi za kemično ali elektrokemično redukcijo za regeneriranje kemičnega redukcijskega sredstva, ki se uporablja v kaskadah za obogatitev urana z ionsko izmenjavo.
(b) Especially designed or prepared chemical or electrochemical oxidation systems for regeneration of the chemical oxidising agent(s) used in ion exchange uranium enrichment cascades. 
(b) To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani sistemi za kemično ali elektrokemično oksidacijo za regeneriranje kemičnega redukcijskega sredstva, ki se uporablja v kaskadah za obogatitev urana z ionsko izmenjavo.
The ion exchange enrichment process may use, for example, trivalent titanium (Ti3+) as a reducing cation in which case the reduction system would regenerate Ti3+ by reducing Ti4+. 
Pri postopku obogatitve z ionsko izmenjavo se lahko kot reducirni kation uporabi npr. trivalentni titan (Ti3+); v tem primeru redukcijski sistem regenerira Ti3+ z redukcijo Ti4+.
The process may use, for example, trivalent iron (Fe3+) as an oxidant in which case the oxidation system would regenerate Fe3+ by oxidising Fe2+. 
Pri postopku se lahko uporabi npr. trivalentno železo (Fe3+) kot oksidant, v primeru katerega oksidacijski sistem regenerira Fe3+ z oksidacijo Fe2+.
Expecially designed or prepared systems, equipment and components for use in laser-based enrichment plants 
5.7 Posebej konstruirani ali izdelani sistemi, oprema in sestavni deli za uporabo v obratih za obogatitev urana z lasersko tehnologijo
Present systems for enrichment processes using lasers fall into two categories: 
Sodobni sistemi za postopke obogatitve z laserji se delijo v dve kategoriji:
those in which the process medium is atomic uranium vapour and those in which the process medium is the vapour of a uranium compound. 
tiste sisteme, pri katerih je procesni medij atomska uranova para, in sisteme, pri katerih je procesni medij para uranove spojine.
Common nomenclature for such processes include: 
Običajno se za te sisteme uporabljajo naslednji izrazi:
first category, atomic vapour laser isotope separation (AVLIS or SILVA); second category, molecular laser isotope separation (MLIS or MOLIS) and chemical reaction by isotope selective laser activation (CRISLA). 
prva kategorija, lasersko ločevanje izotopov v atomski pari (AVLIS ali SILVA); druga kategorija, lasersko ločevanje izotopov v molekularni pari (MLIS ali MOLIS) in kemična reakcija z laserskim aktiviranjem, odvisnim od izotopa (CRISLA).
The systems, equipment and components for laser enrichment plants embrace: 
Sistemi, oprema in sestavni deli za obrate za lasersko obogatitev vsebujejo:
(a) devices to feed uranium-metal vapour (for selective photo-ionisation) or devices to feed the vapour of a uranium compound (for photo-dissociation or chemical activation); 
(a) naprave za dovajanje pare kovinskega urana (za selektivno fotoionizacijo) ali naprave za dovajanje pare uranove spojine (za fotodisociacijo ali kemično aktiviranje);
(b) devices to collect enriched and depleted uranium metal as &apos;product&apos; and &apos;tails&apos; in the first category, and devices to collect dissociated or reacted compounds as &apos;product&apos; and unaffected material as &apos;tails&apos; in the second category; 
(b) naprave za zbiranje »obogatenega« in »osiromašenega« kovinskega urana v prvi kategoriji ter naprave za zbiranje disociranih ali kemično reagiranih spojin kot »obogateni« uran in nespremenjeni material kot »osiromašeni« uran v drugi kategoriji;
(c) process laser systems to selectively excite the uranium-235 species, and (d) feed preparation and product conversion equipment. 
(c) procesne laserske sisteme za selektivno vzbujanje izotopa urana-235; in (d) opremo za pripravo dovajanega materiala in pretvorbo obogatenega urana.
The complexity of the spectroscopy of uranium atoms and compounds may require incorporation of any of a number of available laser technologies. 
Zaradi zahtevnosti spektroskopije uranovih atomov in spojin je lahko vključena katera koli od številnih laserskih tehnologij, ki je na razpolago.
Many of the items listed in this section come into direct contact with uranium metal vapour or liquid or with process gas consisting of UF6 or a mixture of UF6 and other gases. 
Večina postavk, naštetih v tem oddelku, prihajajo v neposreden stik s kovinskim uranom v plinasti ali staljeni obliki ali s procesnim plinom, sestavljenim iz UF6 ali zmesi UF6 in drugih plinov.
All surfaces that come into contact with the uranium or UF6 are wholly made of or protected by corrosion-resistant materials. 
Vse površine, ki prihajajo v stik z uranom ali UF6, so v celoti izdelane iz materiala, ki je odporen proti koroziji, ali prevlečene z njim.
For the purposes of the section relating to laser-based enrichment items, the materials resistant to corrosion by the vapour or liquid of uranium metal or uranium alloys include yttria-coated graphite and tantalum; and the materials resistant to corrosion by UF6 include copper, stainless steel, aluminium, aluminium alloys, nickel or alloys containing 60 % or more nickel and UF6-resistant fully fluorinated hydrocarbon polymers. 
Za namene točke, ki se nanaša na postavke za obogatitev z lasersko tehnologijo, so materiali, ki so odporni proti koroziji z uparjenim ali tekočim kovinskim uranom ali uranovimi zlitinami, z itrijem prevlečen grafit in tantal; materiali, odporni proti koroziji z UF6, pa baker, nerjavno jeklo, aluminij, aluminijeve zlitine, nikelj ali zlitine z najmanj 60% niklja in popolnoma fluorirani polimeri ogljikovodika, odporni proti UF6.
Uranium vaporisation systems (AVLIS) 
5.7.1 Sistemi za uparjanje urana (AVLIS)
Especially designed or prepared uranium vaporisation systems which contain high-power strip or scanning electron beam guns with a delivered power on the target of more than 2,5 kW/cm. 
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani sistemi za uparjanje urana, sestavljeni iz pasovnih ali skenirnih elektronskih topov, ki oddajajo elektronske curke z močjo, ki na tarči znaša več kot 2,5 kW/cm.
Liquid uranium metal handling systems (AVLIS) 
5.7.2 Sistemi za ravnanje s staljenim kovinskim uranom (AVLIS)
Especially designed or prepared liquid metal handling systems for molten uranium or uranium alloys, consisting of crucibles and cooling equipment for the crucibles. 
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani sistemi za ravnanje s talinami kovinskega urana ali njegovih zlitin, sestavljeni iz talilnih loncev in opreme za njihovo hlajenje.
The crucibles and other parts of this system that come into contact with molten uranium and uranium alloys are made of or protected by materials of suitable corrosion and heat resistance. 
Talilni lonci in drugi deli tega sistema, ki pridejo v stik s staljenim uranom ali uranovimi zlitinami, so izdelani iz materiala, ki je primerno odporen proti koroziji in visokim temperaturam, ali pa so zaščiteni s takim materialom.
Suitable materials include tantalum, yttria-coated graphite, graphite coated with other rare earth oxides or mixtures thereof. 
Primerni materiali so tantal, grafit, s prevleko iz itrija, grafit s prevleko iz oksidov redkih zemelj ali njihove zmesi.
Uranium metal &apos;product&apos; and &apos;tails&apos; collector assemblies (AVLIS) 
5.7.3 Sistem za zbiranje obogatenega in osiromašenega kovinskega urana (AVLIS)
Especially designed or prepared &apos;product&apos; and &apos;tails&apos; collector assemblies for uranium metal in liquid or solid form. 
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani zbiralniki za zbiranje obogatenega in osiromašenega urana v talini ali v trdni obliki.
Components for these assemblies are made of or protected by materials resistant to the heat and corrosion of uranium metal vapour or liquid (such as yttria-coated graphite or tantalum) and may include pipes, valves, fittings, &apos;gutters&apos;, feed-throughs, heat exchangers and collector plates for magnetic, electrostatic or other separation methods. 
Sestavni deli za te sklope so izdelani iz materiala, ki je odporen proti vročini in koroziji z uparjenim ali tekočim kovinskim uranom, ali pa so zaščiteni z njimi (kot je grafit s prevleko iz itrija ali tantal) in lahko obsegajo cevi, ventile, vezne kose, »žlebove«, napajalne kanale, toplotne izmenjevalnike in kolektorske plošče za magnetne, elektrostatične ali druge metode ločevanja.
Separator module housings (AVLIS) 
5.7.4 Ohišja ločevalnika (AVLIS)
Especially designed or prepared cylindrical or rectangular vessels for containing the uranium metal vapour source, the electron beam gun, and the &apos;product&apos; and &apos;tails&apos; collectors. 
To so posebej konstruirane ali izdelane valjaste ali pravokotne posode za namestitev izvora uparjenega kovinskega urana, elektronskega topa in sistema za zbiranje »obogatenega« in »osiromašenega« urana.
These housings have multiplicity of ports for electrical and water feed-throughs, laser beam windows, vacuum pump connections and instrumentation diagnostics and monitoring. 
Ta ohišja imajo večje število vhodov za napajanje z elektriko in vodo, odprtine za laserski curek, priključke za vakuumsko črpalko ter opremo za diagnostiko in nadzor instrumentov.
They have provisions for opening and closure to allow refurbishment of internal components. 
Opremljena so s pripravami za odpiranje in zapiranje, kar omogoča obnavljanje notranjih sestavnih delov.
Supersonic expansion nozzles (MLIS) 
5.7.5 Nadzvočne ekspanzijske šobe (MLIS)
Especially designed or prepared supersonic expansion nozzles for cooling mixtures of UF6 and carrier gas to 150 K or less and which are corrosion resistant to UF6. 
To so posebej konstruirane ali izdelane nadzvočne ekspanzijske šobe za hlajenje mešanice UF6 in nosilnega plina do temperature 150 K ali manj ter so odporne proti koroziji z UF6.
Uranium pentafluoride product collectors (MLIS) 
5.7.6 Zbiralniki za uranov pentafluorid (MLIS)
Especially designed or prepared uranium pentafluoride (UF5) solid product collectors consisting of filter, impact, or cyclone-type collectors, or combinations thereof, and which are corrosion resistant to the UF5/UF6 environment. 
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani zbiralniki za zbiranje uranovega pentafluorida (UF5)v trdnem agregatnem stanju, ki je sestavljen iz filtra, udarnega ali ciklonskega zbiralnika ali iz kombinacije obeh in so odporni proti koroziji z UF5 in UF6.
UF6/carrier gas compressors (MLIS) 
5.7.7 Kompresorji za mešanico UF6 in nosilnega plina (MLIS)
Especially designed or prepared compressors for UF6/carrier gas mixtures, designed for long term operation in a UF6 environment. 
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani kompresorji za mešanico UF6 in nosilnega plina, za dolgotrajno obratovanje v okolju z UF6.
The components of these compressors that come into contact with process gas are made of or protected by materials resistant to corrosion by UF6. 
Sestavni deli in komponente kompresorja, ki prihajajo v stik s procesnim plinom so izdelani iz materiala, ki je odporen proti koroziji z UF6, ali prevlečeni z njim.
Rotary shaft seals (MLIS) 
5.7.8 Tesnila gredi (MLIS)
Especially designed or prepared rotary shaft seals, with seal feed and seal exhaust connections, for sealing the shaft connecting the compressor rotor with the driver motor so as to ensure a reliable seal against out-leakage of process gas or in-leakage of air or seal gas into the inner chamber of the compressor which is filled with a UF6/carrier gas mixture. 
To so posebej konstruirana ali izdelana tesnila gredi z dovodnim in odvodnim priključkom za tesnilno sredstvo, ki tesnijo gred rotorja, ki povezuje kompresor in pogonski motor, tako da preprečujejo puščanje procesnega plina ali vdiranje zraka ali tesnilnega plina v notranjo komoro kompresorja, napolnjeno z mešanico UF6 in nosilnega plina.
Fluorination systems (MLIS) 
5.7.9 Sistemi za fluoriranje (MLIS)
Especially designed or prepared systems for fluorinating UF5 (solid) to UF6 (gas). 
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani sistemi za fluoriranje trdnega UF5 v plinasti UF6.
These systems are designed to fluorinate the collected UF5 powder to UF6 for subsequent collection in product containers or for transfer as feed to MLIS units for additional enrichment. 
Ti sistemi so konstruirani za fluoriranje zbranega praškastega UF5 v UF6, ki se zbira v vsebnike za obogateni UF6 ali se dovaja v enote MLIS, kjer se dodatno obogati.
In one approach, the fluorination reaction may be accomplished within the isotope separation system to react and recover directly off the &apos;product&apos; collectors. 
Po prvi metodi reakcija fluoriranja lahko poteka v sistemu za ločevanje izotopov, kjer pride do reakcije in se pridobi obogateni UF6 neposredno po izstopu iz zbiralnikov.
In another approach, the UF5 powder may be removed/transferred from the &apos;product&apos; collectors into a suitable reaction vessel (e.g., fluidised-bed reactor, screw reactor or flame tower) for fluorination. 
Po drugi metodi pa se lahko praškasti UF5 odstrani in vodi iz zbiralnika »obogatenega« UF5 v primerno reakcijsko posodo (npr. reaktor s fluidiziranim slojem, vijačni reaktor ali plamenski stolp) za fluoriranje.
In both approaches, equipment for storage and transfer of fluorine (or other suitable fluorinating agents) and for collection and transfer of UF6 are used. 
Po obeh metodah se uporablja oprema za shranjevanje in prenos fluora (ali kakega drugega primernega sredstva za fluoriranje) in za zbiranje in prenos UF6.
UF6 mass spectrometers/ion sources (MLIS) 
5.7.10 UF6 masni spektrometri in ionski izvori
1.unit resolution for mass greater than 320; 
enotno ločljivost za enoto atomske mase nad 320;
3.electron bombardment ionisation sources; 
ionske izvore za obstreljevanje z elektroni;
Feed systems/product and tails withdrawal systems (MLIS) 
5.7.11Napajalni sistemi in sistemi za odvajanje osiromašenega in obogatenega UF6 (MLIS)
UF6/carrier gas separation systems (MLIS) 
5.7.12Sistemi za ločevanje UF6 od nosilnega plina (MLIS)
Especially designed or prepared process systems for separating UF6 from carrier gas. 
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani sistemi za ločevanje UF6 od nosilnega plina.
The carrier gas may be nitrogen, argon, or other gas. 
Nosilni plin je lahko dušik, argon ali drug plin.
(a) cryogenic heat exchangers or cryoseparators capable of temperatures of -120 °C or less, or 
(a) kriogeni toplotni izmenjevaniki ali kriogeni ločevalniki, za temperature -120 °C ali manj ali
(c) UF6 cold traps capable of temperatures of -20 °C or less. 
(c) hladne pasti za UF6, za temperature - 20 °C ali manj.
Laser systems (AVLIS, MLIS and CRISLA) 
5.7.13 Laserski sistemi (AVLIS, MLIS in CRISLA)
Lasers or laser systems especially designed or prepared for the separation of uranium isotopes. 
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani laserji ali laserski sistemi za ločevanje uranovih izotopov.
The laser system for the AVLIS process usually consists of two lasers: 
Laserski sistem za postopek AVLIS je običajno sestavljen iz dveh laserjev:
a copper vapour laser and a dye laser. 
laserja z bakrovo paro in laserja z barvilom kot aktivnim sredstvom.
The laser system for MLIS usually consists of a CO2 or excimer laser and a multipass optical cell with revolving mirrors at both ends. 
Laserski sistem za MLIS je običajno sestavljen iz CO2 laserja ali laserja s plinskimi molekulami, obstojnimi samo v vzbujenem stanju (excimer), in optičnih celic za večkratni prehod z vrtljivimi zrcali na obeh koncih.
Lasers or laser systems for both processes require a spectrum frequency stabiliser for operation over extended periods of time. 
Pri laserjih ali laserskih sistemih je za oba postopka potreben stabilizator frekvenčnega spektra, ki omogoča delovanje v daljšem časovnem obdobju.