natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The way the active substance in Elmiron, pentosan polysulfate sodium, works is not fully understood but it passes into the urine and is thought to attach to and help repair the protective layer of mucus lining the bladder, which is deficient in patients with bladder pain syndrome. 
Delovanje zdravilne učinkovine zdravila Elmiron, natrijevega pentosan polisulfata, ni v celoti znano, vendar prehaja v urin in naj bi se pritrdila na zaščitni sloj sluznice mehurja, ki je pri bolnikih s
How does Elmiron work? 
Kako zdravilo Elmiron deluje?
How is Elmiron used? 
Kako se zdravilo Elmiron uporablja?
In most cases you will need a doctor. 
V večini primerov boste potrebovali zdravnika.
Always check both dates! 
Vedno preverite oba datuma!
Tell your relatives, friends and close colleagues the following: 
Sorodnikom, prijateljem in bližnjim sodelavcem povejte naslednje:
Your dose number may be different than the one in this example. 
Številka vašega odmerka bo morda drugačna od tiste, ki je prikazana v tem primeru.
• Always carry some sugar (at least 20 grams) with you. 
• Pri sebi vedno imejte nekaj sladkorja (vsaj 20 gramov).
Wash your hands before continuing. 
Preden nadaljujete, si umijte roke.
These include: 
Ti dejavniki vključujejo:
This step helps to ensure that you will get your full dose later on. 
Ta korak pomaga zagotoviti, da boste kasneje prejeli celoten odmerek.
Be careful when you start or stop taking another medicine. 
Previdni bodite, kadar začnete ali prenehate uporabljati katero drugo zdravilo.
If it does not work, you will need to try with a new needle. 
Če ne deluje, boste morali poskusiti z novo iglo.
• Keep it away from direct heat and light. 
• Zaščitite ga pred neposredno vročino in svetlobo.
These injections are justified even if it is not certain that you have hypoglycaemia. 
Uporaba teh injekcij je upravičena tudi, če ni gotovo, da imate hipoglikemijo.
Always tell people who are caring for you or treating you that you require insulin. 
Osebam, ki za vas skrbijo ali vas zdravijo, vedno povejte, da potrebujete insulin.
It may take up to five tries. 
Morda boste morali poskusiti tudi do petkrat.
The potency of this medicinal product is stated in units. 
Jakost tega zdravila je navedena v enotah.
Glucose Utilization Rate* (mg/kg/min) 
Hitrost porabljanja glukoze* (mg/kg/min)
Do not use it after this time period. 
Po tem času ga ne uporabljajte več.
Do not stop LUSDUNA without speaking to a doctor, who will tell you what needs to be done. 
Ne prenehajte uporabljati zdravila LUSDUNA, ne da bi se posvetovali z zdravnikom, ki vam bo povedal, kaj je treba storiti.
Be familiar with your warning symptoms. 
Poznajte svoje opozorilne simptome.
This may constitute a risk in situations where these abilities are of special importance (e.g. driving a car or using machines). 
To lahko predstavlja tveganje v okoliščinah, v katerih sta ti zmožnosti posebno pomembni (npr. pri vožnji avtomobila ali upravljanju s stroji).
In your body 
V telesu
For storage conditions after removing this medicinal product from the refrigerator, see section 6.3. 
Za pogoje shranjevanja po tem, ko se zdravilo vzame iz hladilnika, glejte poglavje 6.3.
Immediately take about 10 to 20 g sugar, such as glucose, sugar cubes or a sugar-sweetened beverage. 
Nemudoma zaužijte približno 10 do 20 gramov sladkorja, na primer v obliki glukoze, kock sladkorja ali s sladkorjem sladkane pijače.
This kills germs that might make you sick. 
To uniči bakterije, zaradi katerih bi lahko zboleli.
You normally should be able to recognise when your blood sugar is falling too much so that you can take the right actions. 
Običajno bi morali biti zmožni prepoznati, ko se vam krvni sladkor preveč zniža, tako da lahko pravilno ukrepate.
• Your doctor or nurse will show you how to use your pen. 
• Zdravnik ali medicinska sestra vam bosta pokazala, kako uporabljati injekcijski peresnik.
Particularly careful control of your diabetes, and prevention of hypoglycaemia, is important for the health of your baby. 
Posebno skrbno spremljanje vaše sladkorne bolezni in preprečevanje hipoglikemij sta pomembna za zdravje vašega otroka.
Careful monitoring of glucose control is essential. 
Natančno spremljanje urejenosti glukoze je ključnega pomena.
Repeat until you see insulin 
Ponavljajte, dokler ne zagledate insulina
See Step 9 for how to remove a needle. 
Glejte 9. korak o tem, kako odstranite iglo.
Check your insulin 
Preverite svoj insulin
Your doctor will show you in which area of the skin you should inject LUSDUNA. 
Zdravnik vam bo pokazal, v kateri predel kože morate injicirati zdravilo LUSDUNA.
Patients with type 1 diabetes must continue to consume at least a small amount of carbohydrates on a regular basis, even if they are able to eat only little or no food, or are vomiting etc. and they must never omit insulin entirely. 
Bolniki s sladkorno boleznijo tipa 1 morajo še naprej redno uživati vsaj malo ogljikovih hidratov, tudi če lahko zaužijejo le malo ali nič hrane, ali če bruhajo, itd. ter ne smejo nikoli povsem opustiti insulina.
Some medicines cause changes in the blood sugar level (decrease, increase or both depending on the situation). 
Nekatera zdravila povzročijo spremembo koncentracije krvnega sladkorja (znižanje, zvišanje ali oboje, odvisno od okoliščin).
Pioglitazone should be discontinued if any deterioration in cardiac symptoms occurs. 
Piaglitazon je treba ukiniti, če se pojavi kakršno koli poslabšanje srčnih simptomov.
Do a safety check 
Opravite varnostni preizkus
You should know these factors so that you are able to react correctly to changes in your blood sugar level and to prevent it from becoming too high or too low. 
Te dejavnike morate poznati, da se boste lahko pravilno odzvali na spremembe v koncentraciji krvnega sladkorja in preprečili, da bi postala previsoka ali prenizka.
Before travelling consult your doctor. 
Preden se odpravite na potovanje, se posvetujte z zdravnikom.
If you have not yet cleaned your injection site, do it now before you inject. 
Če še niste očistili mesta za injiciranje, naredite to pred injiciranjem.
This is a modified insulin, very similar to human insulin. 
To je modificiran insulin, zelo podoben humanemu (človeškemu) insulinu.
During the first weeks the reduction should, at least partially, be compensated by an increase in mealtime insulin, after this period the regimen should be adjusted individually. 
V prvih tednih je treba to zmanjšanje vsaj delno nadomestiti s povečanjem odmerkov insulina ob obrokih, po tem obdobju pa je treba zdravljenje prilagajati individualno.
Examples include: - you have not injected your insulin or not injected enough, or if it has become less effective, for 
Med možnimi vzroki so: - insulina si niste injicirali, ga niste injicirali dovolj ali je postal manj učinkovit, na primer zaradi
Do not shake or mix it before use. 
Pred uporabo ne pretresajte in ne mešajte.
Needles and alcohol swabs are not included. 
Igle in alkoholni zloženci niso priloženi.
This can spread around the injection site. 
To se lahko razširi okoli mesta injiciranja.
Transferring a patient to another type or brand of insulin should be done under strict medical supervision. 
Prehod bolnika na drugo vrsto ali znamko insulina se mora opraviti pod strogim zdravniškim nadzorom.
Secondary endpoints included all-cause mortality and a composite microvascular outcome. 
Sekundarni opazovani dogodki so vključevali umrljivost zaradi vseh vzrokov in sestavljen mikrovaskularni izid.
The time of occurrence of hypoglycaemia depends on the action profile of the insulins used and may, therefore, change when the treatment regimen is changed. 
Čas pojava hipoglikemije je odvisen od profila delovanja uporabljenih insulinov in se zato lahko spremeni, ko se spremeni shema zdravljenja.
If you are not confident about recognising your warning symptoms, avoid situations (such as driving a car) in which you or others would be put at risk by hypoglycaemia. 
Če se ne morete povsem zanesti na prepoznavo svojih opozorilnih simptomov, se izogibajte okoliščinam (npr. vožnji avta), v katerih bi zaradi hipoglikemije ogrožali sebe ali druge.
You must use the pen as described in these Instructions for Use. 
Injekcijski peresnik morate uporabljati, kot je opisano v teh navodilih za uporabo.
In many cases urine tests for ketones are indicated, and often it is necessary to adjust the insulin dose. 
V številnih primerih je indicirano testiranje urina za ketone in je treba pogosto prilagoditi odmerek insulina.
Immediate-type allergic reactions to insulin are rare. 
Alergijske reakcije takojšnjega tipa na insulin so redke.
You need one injection of LUSDUNA every day, at the same time of the day. 
Vsak dan potrebujete eno injekcijo zdravila LUSDUNA, vsak dan ob istem času.
If no medicine comes out, dial 2 units again and press the injection button again. 
Če iz injekcijskega peresnika ne pride nič zdravila, znova nastavite 2 enoti in znova pritisnite gumb za injiciranje.
Stomach pain, fast and deep breathing, sleepiness or even loss of consciousness may be signs of a serious condition (ketoacidosis) resulting from lack of insulin. 
Bolečine v trebuhu, hitro in globoko dihanje, zaspanost ali celo izguba zavesti so lahko znaki resnega stanja (ketoacidoze), ki se pojavi zaradi pomanjkanja insulina.
Throw away the inner cap; you will not need it again. 
Notranji pokrovček zavrzite, ker ga ne boste več potrebovali.
You should keep it at room temperature (below 30°C). 
Shranjevati ga morate na sobni temperaturi (do 30 °C).
The switch from one insulin therapy to another requires medical prescription, medical supervision and blood glucose monitoring. 
Prehod z enega insulina na drugega zahteva zdravniški recept, zdravniški nadzor in spremljanje glukoze v krvi.
Instructions for use online at www.lusdunanexvue.com 
Navodila za uporabo so na voljo na spletni strani www.lusdunanexvue.com.
Most minor reactions to insulins usually disappear in a few days to a few weeks. 
Večina manjših reakcij na insuline ponavadi izzveni v nekaj dneh do nekaj tednih.
Insulin requirements may decrease during the first trimester and generally increase during the second and third trimesters. 
V prvem trimesečju se lahko potreba po insulinu zmanjša, v drugem in tretjem trimesečju pa se na splošno poveča.
In your brain 
V možganih
Figure 1: Activity Profile in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes 
Slika 1: Potek delovanja pri bolnikih s sladkorno boleznijo tipa 1
It is important that you know how your insulin helps you and how to avoid the most common side effect - low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia), which can be serious. 
Pomembno je, da veste, kako vam insulin pomaga in kako preprečiti najpogostejši neželeni učineknizek krvni sladkor (hipoglikemijo), ki je lahko resen.
PLEASE READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE USE. 
PRED UPORABO PREBERITE TA NAVODILA.
Use a new needle each time. 
Vsakič uporabite novo iglo.
To prevent the possible transmission of disease, never share your pen with anyone else. 
Da bi preprečili morebiten prenos bolezni, svojega injekcijskega peresnika nikoli ne smete deliti z nikomer.
(needle will attach here) 
(sem bo nameščena igla)
Do not inject LUSDUNA in a vein, since this will change its action and may cause hypoglycaemia. 
Zdravila LUSDUNA ne smete injicirati v veno, ker to spremeni njegovo delovanje in lahko povzroči hipoglikemijo.
• Never use the pen if it is damaged or if you are not sure that it is working properly. 
• Nikoli ne uporabljajte injekcijskega peresnika, če je poškodovan ali če niste prepričani, da
Do not reuse the needle; throw it away safely following the directions. 
Igle ne uporabite ponovno, temveč jo varno zavrzite v skladu z navodili.
Do not use this medicine after the expiry date which is stated on the carton and on the label of the pen after “EXP”. 
Tega zdravila ne smete uporabljati po datumu izteka roka uporabnosti, ki je naveden na škatli in nalepki injekcijskega peresnika poleg oznake "EXP".
• This pen is only for your use. 
• Ta peresnik je namenjen samo za vašo uporabo.
In general, the safety profile for children and adolescents (≤ 18 years of age) is similar to the safety profile for adults. 
Na splošno je varnostni profil pri otrocih in mladostnikih (starih ≤ 18 let) podoben kot pri odraslih.
Severe allergic reactions to insulins may become life-threatening. 
Hude alergijske reakcije na insuline lahko postanejo življenjsko nevarne.
Needles are not included in the pack. 
Igle niso priložene v pakiranju.
Based on your life-style and the results of your blood sugar (glucose) tests and your previous insulin usage, your doctor will 
Glede na vaš življenjski slog, rezultate meritev krvnega sladkorja (glukoze) in vašo prejšnjo uporabo insulina, bo zdravnik:
Pharmacokinetics in children aged 2 to less than 6 years with type 1 diabetes mellitus was assessed in one clinical study (see section 5.1). 
Farmakokinetiko pri otrocih s sladkorno boleznijo tipa 1, starih od 2 do manj kot 6 let, so ocenili v eni klinični študiji (glejte poglavje 5.1).
Check your blood sugar frequently. 
Krvni sladkor si pogosto merite.
The medicinal product may be stored for a maximum of 28 days up to 30°C and away from direct heat or direct light. 
Zdravilo je dovoljeno shranjevati največ 28 dni pri temperaturi do 30 °C in zaščiteno pred neposredno toploto ali svetlobo.
Your doctor may tell you to use it in combination with a short-acting insulin or with tablets used to treat high blood sugar levels. 
Zdravnik vam lahko naroči, da ga uporabljajte v kombinaciji s kratkodelujočim insulinom ali s tabletami za zdravljenje visokega krvnega sladkorja.
The dose regimen (dose and timing) should be individually adjusted. 
Shemo odmerjanja (odmerek in čas uporabe) je treba prilagoditi vsakemu bolniku posamezno.
If necessary, more frequent blood sugar testing can help to identify mild hypoglycaemic episodes that may otherwise be overlooked. 
Če je treba, lahko pogostejše merjenje krvnega sladkorja pomaga odkriti blage hipoglikemije, ki bi sicer ostale prezrte.
Manufacturer NV Organon Molenstraat 110 5342 CC Oss The Netherlands 
Izdelovalec NV Organon Molenstraat 110 5342 CC Oss Nizozemska
Hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar) can be very serious and is very common with insulin treatment (may affect more than 1 in 10 people). 
Hipoglikemija (nizek krvni sladkor) je lahko zelo resna in je zelo pogosta pri zdravljenju z insulinom (pojavi se lahko pri več kot 1 od 10 bolnikov).
This helps to make sure you get the right insulin dose and it lowers your chances of any pain or illness from germs. 
To pomaga zagotoviti, da dobite pravi odmerek insulina in zmanjša možnost za bolečine ali bolezen zaradi bacilov.
In general, to prevent hypoglycaemia you must eat more food and monitor your blood sugar. 
Da bi preprečili hipoglikemijo, morate na splošno zaužiti več hrane in kontrolirati krvni sladkor.
• If your injection is given by another person, special caution must be taken by this person to avoid accidental needle injury and transmission of infection. 
• Če vam injekcijo daje druga oseba, mora posebej paziti, da se izogne naključni poškodbi z iglo
Adjustments in dose of the medicinal product, meal patterns, or physical activity may be needed. 
Morda bodo potrebne prilagoditve odmerka zdravila, razporeda obrokov ali telesne aktivnosti.
Patients should be aware of circumstances where warning symptoms of hypoglycaemia are diminished. 
Bolniki se morajo zavedati okoliščin, v katerih se opozorilni simptomi hipoglikemije lahko zmanjšajo.
Keep this possible problem in mind in all situations where you might put yourself and others at risk (such as driving a car or using machines). 
Na to bodite pozorni v vseh okoliščinah, v katerih bi lahko ogrozili sebe ali druge (npr. pri vožnji avtomobila ali upravljanju strojev).
It is essential for patients with pre-existing or gestational diabetes to maintain good metabolic control throughout pregnancy to prevent adverse outcomes associated with hyperglycaemia. 
Nujno je, da bolnice z obstoječim ali gestacijskim diabetesom vso nosečnost vzdržujejo dobro urejeno metabolno presnovo, da preprečijo neželene izide, povezane s hiperglikemijo.
The following related adverse reactions from clinical trials are listed below as MedDRA preferred term by system organ class and in order of decreasing incidence (very common: ≥ 1/10; common: ≥ 1/100 to < 1/10; uncommon: ≥ 1/1,000 to < 1/100; rare: ≥ 1/10,000 to < 1/1,000; very rare: 
Naslednji z zdravilom povezani neželeni učinki iz kliničnih preskušanj so spodaj našteti po organskih sistemih glede na MedDRA terminologijo in po padajoči pogostnosti (zelo pogosti: ≥ 1/10, pogosti: ≥ 1/100 do < 1/10, občasni: ≥ 1/1.000 do < 1/100, redki: ≥ 1/10.000 do < 1/1.000, zelo redki:
*determined as amount of glucose infused to maintain constant plasma glucose levels (hourly mean values) 
*določena kot količina infundirane glukoze, potrebna za vzdrževanje stalne koncentracije glukoze v plazmi (povprečne urne vrednosti).
If you have type 1 diabetes (insulin dependent diabetes mellitus), do not stop your insulin and continue to get enough carbohydrates. 
Če imate sladkorno bolezen tipa 1 (od insulina odvisno sladkorno bolezen), ne prenehajte uporabljati insulina in še naprej uživajte dovolj ogljikovih hidratov.
Speak to a doctor immediately if you are not able to control the hypoglycaemia or if it recurs. 
Takoj se pogovorite z zdravnikom, če hipoglikemije ne morete obvladati ali se ponavlja.
Caution: Artificial sweeteners and foods with artificial sweeteners (such as diet drinks) are of no help in treating hypoglycaemia. 
Pozor: Umetna sladila in hrana z umetnimi sladili (na primer dietne pijače) pri hipoglikemiji ne pomagajo.
Then eat something that has a long-acting effect in raising your blood sugar (such as bread or pasta). 
Potem zaužijte nekaj, kar krvni sladkor zviša za dalj časa (na primer kruh ali testenine).
LUSDUNA should be administered once daily at any time but at the same time each day. 
Zdravilo LUSDUNA je treba aplicirati enkrat na dan kadar koli, vendar vsak dan ob istem času.
- determine how much LUSDUNA per day you will need and at what time, - tell you when to check your blood sugar level, and whether you need to carry out urine tests, - tell you when you may need to inject a higher or lower dose of LUSDUNA. 
- določil, koliko zdravila LUSDUNA na dan boste potrebovali in ob katerem času, - povedal, kdaj morate izmeriti krvni sladkor in ali morate opravljati teste urina, - povedal, kdaj boste morda morali zvečati ali zmanjšati odmerek zdravila LUSDUNA.
Mixing or diluting can change its time/action profile and mixing can cause precipitation. 
Mešanje ali redčenje lahko spremeni profil časovnega poteka/delovanja; mešanje lahko povzroči precipitacijo.
Is the insulin clear, colourless and free of particles? 
Je insulin bister, brezbarven in brez delcev?
If normal or decreased values for glycated haemoglobin are noted, the possibility of recurrent, unrecognised (especially nocturnal) episodes of hypoglycaemia must be considered. 
V primeru normalnih ali znižanih vrednosti glikoziliranega hemoglobina je treba pomisliti na možnost ponavljajočih se, neprepoznanih (zlasti nočnih) hipoglikemij.
Intercurrent illness requires intensified metabolic monitoring. 
V primeru sočasnih bolezni je potreben intenzivnejši nadzor metabolne presnove.
Follow closely the instructions for posology, monitoring (blood and urine tests), diet and physical activity (physical work and exercise), injection technique as discussed with your doctor. 
Natančno upoštevajte navodila za odmerjanje, nadzorovanje bolezni (preiskave krvi in urina), prehrano in telesno aktivnost (fizično delo in telovadbo) ter postopek injiciranja, kot ste se dogovorili z zdravnikom.
Clinical study safety data are not available for children under 2 years. 
Podatkov o varnosti iz kliničnih študij pri otrocih, mlajših od 2 let, ni na voljo.
If you need to inject more than the number of units left in the pen, you may either: - inject the amount left in your pen and then use a new pen to give the rest of your dose, or - get a new pen and inject the full dose. 
Če morate injicirati več enot, kot jih je v injekcijskem peresniku, lahko: - injicirajte količino, ki je še ostala v injekcijskem peresniku, nato pa uporabite nov peresnik, da boste injicirali še preostanek odmerka, ali - vzemite novi injekcijski peresnik in z njim injicirajte celoten odmerek.
Count to 10 slowly after you see 0 and the green stripe. 
Potem, ko zagledate 0 in zeleno črto, počasi preštejte do 10.
Severe hypoglycaemic attacks, especially if recurrent, may lead to neurological damage. 
Hude hipoglikemije, zlasti ponavljajoče se, lahko povzročijo nevrološke okvare.
Do not use LUSDUNA - If you are allergic to insulin glargine or any of the other ingredients of this medicine (listed in 
Ne uporabljajte zdravila LUSDUNA - če ste alergični na insulin glargin ali katero koli sestavino tega zdravila (navedeno v poglavju 6).
These units are exclusive to insulin glargine and are not the same as IU or the units used to express the potency of other insulin analogues (see section 5.1). 
Te enote veljajo izključno za insulin glargin in niso enake mednarodnim enotam (i.e.) ali enotam, ki se uporabljajo za izražanje moči drugih insulinskih analogov (glejte poglavje 5.1).
This should be kept in mind if treatment with the combination of pioglitazone and LUSDUNA is considered. 
To je treba upoštevati pri odločitvi glede zdravljenja s kombinacijo pioglitazona in zdravila LUSDUNA.
Continuous rotation of the injection site within the given injection area may help to reduce or prevent these reactions. 
Stalna menjava mest injiciranja na posameznem predelu za injiciranje pomaga zmanjšati ali preprečiti te reakcije.
Patients should be advised to take precautions to avoid hypoglycaemia whilst driving. 
Bolnikom je treba naročiti, naj upoštevajo previdnostne ukrepe za preprečitev hipoglikemije med vožnjo.
If the combination is used, patients should be observed for signs and symptoms of heart failure, weight gain and oedema. 
V primeru uporabe kombinacije je treba bolnike spremljati glede znakov in simptomov srčnega popuščanja, povečevanja telesne mase in edemov.
Only use needles that are compatible for use with Nexvue (see “Nexvue Instructions for Use”). 
Uporabljajte le igle, ki so združljive s peresnikom Nexvue (glejte "Navodila za uporabo injekcijskega peresnika Nexvue").
Changes in strength, brand (manufacturer), type (regular, NPH, lente, long-acting, etc.), origin (animal, human, human insulin analogue) and/or method of manufacture may result in the need for a change in dose. 
Spremembe jakosti, znamke (izdelovalca), vrste (običajni, NPH, lente, dolgodelujoči, itd.), izvora (živalski, humani, analog humanega insulina) in/ali načina izdelave lahko zahtevajo spremembo odmerka.
What you need to know before you use LUSDUNA 
Kaj morate vedeti, preden boste uporabili zdravilo LUSDUNA
Over the course of this 6-year study, 42 % of the insulin glargine group did not experience any hypoglycaemia. 
Med to 6-letno študijo 42 % bolnikov v skupini z insulinom glargin ni imelo nobene hipoglikemije.
LUSDUNA is not the insulin of choice for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. 
Zdravilo LUSDUNA ni insulin prve izbire za zdravljenje diabetične ketoacidoze.
Your insulin dose may need to be changed during pregnancy and after giving birth. 
Odmerek insulina bo med nosečnostjo in po porodu morda potrebno spremeniti.
A large amount of data on pregnant women (more than 1,000 pregnancy outcomes) indicate no specific adverse effects of insulin glargine on pregnancy and no specific malformative nor foeto/neonatal toxicity of insulin glargine. 
Velika količina podatkov o nosečnicah (več kot 1.000 izidov nosečnosti) ne kaže specifičnih neželenih učinkov insulina glargin na nosečnost in ne kaže nobenih specifičnih malformacij ali fetotoksičnih učinkov/toksičnih učinkov na novorojenčka.
QR code linking to the instructions for use to be included. 
Vstaviti je treba QR-kodo s povezavo na navodila za uporabo.
What LUSDUNA is and what it is used for 
Kaj je zdravilo LUSDUNA in za kaj ga uporabljamo
For insulin glargine no clinical data on exposed pregnancies from controlled clinical studies are available. 
Za insulin glargin iz kontroliranih kliničnih študij ni na voljo kliničnih podatkov o nosečnicah, ki so bile izpostavljene zdravilu.