natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
There are a number of uncertainties associated with use of the IDMM for predicting the environmental exposure of zinc from use in veterinary medicinal products, such as the effects of hydrology, dissolved organic carbon and metal aging. 
Z uporabo modela IDMM pri napovedovanju izpostavljenosti okolja cinku zaradi uporabe zdravil za uporabo v veterinarski medicini so povezane številne negotovosti, kot so hidrološki vplivi, vplivi raztopljenega organskega ogljika in staranje kovine.
The percentage of piglets with diarrhoea was significantly influenced by the administration of zinc in feed. 
Na odstotek prašičkov z drisko je bistveno vplivalo dajanje cinka v krmo.
The IDMM predicts the long-term mass balance of metals, with defined inputs (e.g. veterinary medicinal products usage) and outputs (e.g. crop off-take, ageing), and concludes that zinc will accumulate in soil following continual application of treated manure with acidic sandy soils being most vulnerable as these soils have a tendency to accumulate zinc more rapidly than other type of soils and will also have a higher drainage and run-off of zinc to surface water. 
Model IDMM napove dolgoročno masno bilanco kovin na podlagi opredeljenih vnosov (npr. uporabe zdravil v veterinarski medicini) in odvzemov (npr. pobiranja pridelkov, staranja) in je zaključil, da se bo cink po stalnem vnosu gnoja zdravljenih živali kopičil v tleh, pri čemer so najbolj občutljiva kisla peščena tla, saj se v tovrstnih tleh cink kopiči hitreje kot v drugih vrstah tal, večje pa je tudi odvodnjavanje in odtekanje cinka v površinske vode.
s r.o., Vepidan Aps, Vetlima S.A., Vetoquinol Biowet Sp. z o. o. and Vetpharma Animal Health S.L.) 
s r.o., Vepidan Aps, Vetlima S.A., Vetoquinol Biowet Sp. z o. o. in Vetpharma Animal Health S.L.)
Therefore, the CVMP, during its December 2016 meeting, considered that the overall benefit-risk balance for the veterinary medicinal products containing zinc oxide to be administered orally to food producing species is negative, as the benefits of zinc oxide for the prevention of diarrhoea in pigs do not outweigh the risks for the environment. 
Zato je na sestanku decembra 2016 presodil, da je splošno razmerje med tveganji in koristmi veterinarskih zdravil, ki vsebujejo cinkov oksid, za peroralno dajanje vrstam za proizvodnjo živil, negativno, saj koristi cinkovega oksida za preprečevanje driske pri prašičih ne odtehtajo tveganj za okolje.
Different indications and dosages are currently recommended, but zinc oxide is mainly used in the feed at a dosage of 100 mg per kg body weight (bw) per day for 14 consecutive days, that is 2500 ppm zinc in feed. 
Trenutno so priporočene različne indikacije in odmerki, vendar se cinkov oksid večinoma uporablja v krmi v odmerku 100 mg na kilogram telesne mase na dan 14 dni zapored, kar je 2 500 ppm cinka v krmi.
The marketing authorisation holder also chose to include bioavailability aspects in soil by calculating PNECbioavailable for 19 European soils by means of the Arche Soil PNEC calculator. 
Imetnik dovoljenja za promet je vključil tudi biološko uporabnost v prsti, tako da je z računalom Arche Soil PNEC izračunal PNECbiološka uporabnost za 19 vrst evropskih tal.
Besides this, the authors concluded that the current use of zinc in pig production in Denmark may lead to leaching of zinc from fields fertilised with pig slurry into the water compartments, in concentrations that may pose a risk to aquatic species. 
Poleg tega so avtorji zaključili, da lahko sedanja uporaba cinka pri prašičereji na Danskem privede do izpiranja cinka s polj, gnojenih s prašičjo gnojevko, v vodne ekosisteme, in sicer v koncentracijah, ki lahko pomenijo tveganje za vodne vrste.
• the CVMP considered that the efficacy of veterinary medicinal products containing zinc oxide for treatment of post-weaning diarrhoea in piglets is not supported by data and cannot be demonstrated; 
• odbor CVMP je presodil, da učinkovitost zdravil za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki vsebujejo cinkov oksid, za zdravljenje driske po odstavitvi pri prašičkih ni podprta s podatki in je ni mogoče dokazati;
The marketing authorisation holders' grounds for requesting a re-examination of the CVMP opinion focused on risks for (co-)selection of resistance genes and risks for the environment. 
Razlogi imetnikov dovoljenj za promet z zdravilom za zahtevo po ponovni preučitvi mnenja CVMP so se osredotočili na tveganja za (ko)selekcijo genov za odpornost in tveganja za okolje.
No original proprietary data or clinical trials were submitted by the marketing authorisation holders in support of the indications and dose. 
Imetnika dovoljenja za promet z zdravilom v podporo indikacijam in odmerku nista predložila izvirnih lastniških podatkov ali kliničnih preskušanj.
For all compartments, risks have been identified for some scenarios at the application rates investigated. 
V vseh ekosistemih so bila pri nekaterih scenarijih tveganja ugotovljena tveganja pri vseh preučevanih odmerkih.
Risk mitigation measures 
Ukrepi za zmanjšanje tveganja
While the marketing authorisation holders acknowledge possible links between zinc oxide veterinary medicinal products to multi-resistant bacteria (e.g. LA-MRSA, E. coli) and the environment, the marketing authorisation holders regard that the benefits of their products outweigh the risks. 
Imetniki dovoljenj za promet z zdravilom sicer priznavajo obstoj morebitnih povezav med zdravili za uporabo v veterinarski medicini s cinkovim oksidom in večkratno odpornimi bakterijami (npr. LA-MRSA, E. coli) in okoljem, vendar menijo, da koristi njihovih zdravil odtehtajo tveganja.
The CVMP considers that because Enteroxid products are included within the scope of this procedure under Article 35 of Directive 2001/82/EC for veterinary medicinal products containing zinc oxide to be administered orally to food producing species, such argument is not applicable. 
Ker sta zdravili Enteroxid zajeti v ta postopek v skladu s členom 35 Direktive 2001/82/ES za zdravila za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki vsebujejo cinkov oksid, za peroralno dajanje vrstam za proizvodnjo živil, odbor CVMP meni, da ta argument ne velja.
s r.o., Vepidan Aps, Vetlima S.A., Vetoquinol Biowet Sp. z o. o. and Vetpharma Animal Health S.L. 
s r.o., Vepidan Aps, Vetlima S.A., Vetoquinol Biowet Sp. z o. o. in Vetpharma Animal Health S.L.
In conclusion, the combination of colistin and zinc oxide for the approved indication (metaphylaxis and treatment of gastrointestinal infections caused by non-invasive E. coli sensitive to colistin) for seven days duration of administration is not justified. 
Zaključek je, da sedemdnevno dajanje kombinacije kolistina in cinkovega oksida za odobreno indikacijo (metafilakso in zdravljenje prebavnih okužb, ki jih povzroča neinvazivna E. coli, občutljiva za kolistin) ni utemeljeno.
No information was available to establish the duration of the effect after the end of zinc oxide administration. 
Informacij, na podlagi katerih bi lahko določili trajanje učinka po koncu dajanja cinkovega oksida, niso bile na voljo.
The Metal Bioavailability Assessment Tool requires fewer data inputs to predict zinc bioavailability in water than the Biotic Ligand Model, and can be used to calculate site-specific PNECs. 
Orodje za ocenjevanje biološke uporabnosti kovin za napovedovanje biološke uporabnosti cinka v vodi zahteva manj vhodnih podatkov kot biotski ligandski model in se lahko uporablja za izračun vrednosti PNEC, specifičnih za posamezno mesto.
These application rates were chosen as they were the ones reported in the Monteiro et al. (2010) study for feed additives containing zinc oxide and do not represent a worst case scenario for veterinary medicinal products containing zinc oxide which would be in the range of 8 kg ha-1 a-1. 
(2010) o dodatkih za krmo, ki vsebujejo cinkov oksid, in ne predstavljata najslabšega možnega scenarija za zdravila za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki vsebujejo cinkov oksid, kar bi bil odmerek približno 8 kg ha-1 l-1.
Zinc oxide has been authorised for several years in a number of EU Member States and experience in some of these countries suggests that zinc oxide use may be correlated with a smaller magnitude of reduction in colistin use than was previously expected, in addition, zinc used in animal farming might have a role to play in increasing the prevalence of antibiotic resistance due to co-resistance. 
Cinkov oksid je že več let odobren v številnih državah članicah in izkušnje v nekaterih od njih kažejo, da je njegova uporaba morda povezana z manjšim obsegom zmanjšanja uporabe kolistina, kot je bilo predhodno pričakovano.
The czrC zinc resistance gene has been shown to occur on SCCmec of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and zinc use has been shown to result in co-selection for MRSA carrying this gene (Cavaco et al., 2010)24. 
Dokazano je bilo, da se gen za odpornost proti cinku, tj. czrC, pojavlja v stafilokokni kromosomski kaseti SCCmec proti meticilinu odporne bakterije Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), uporaba cinka pa dokazano privede do koselekcije bakterij MRSA, ki imajo ta gen (Cavaco idr., 2010)24.
That is, notwithstanding the deficiency in the data presented it is considered that the efficacy of veterinary medicinal products containing zinc oxide for prevention of post-weaning diarrhoea in piglets is demonstrated. 
Ne glede na pomanjkljivosti v predstavljenih podatkov se šteje, da je učinkovitost zdravil za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki vsebujejo cinkov oksid, za preprečevanje driske po odstavitvi pri prašičkih dokazana.
DSM Nutritional Products and Provimi's scientific grounds for re-examination focused on efficacy of zinc oxide, risks for (co-)selection of resistance genes and risks for the environment. 
Znanstveni razlogi družb DSM Nutritional Products in Provimi za ponovno preučitev so se osredotočali na učinkovitost cinkovega oksida, tveganja za (ko)selekcijo genov za odpornost in tveganja za okolje.
For two of the FOCUS scenarios (acidic, sandy soils) the RQs are >1 for both loading rates at all time points. 
Pri dveh scenarijih modela FOCUS (kisla, peščena tla) so bili KT > 1 pri obeh stopnjah obremenitve in na vseh časovnih točkah.
Although there are uncertainties with the linear extrapolation of the IDMM results, the PEC values extrapolated from the IDMM outputs are considered to offer a ‘reasonable' reflection of the environmental exposure for use in the risk characterisation of veterinary medicinal products containing zinc oxide for use in food producing animals. 
Kljub negotovostim pri linearni ekstrapolaciji rezultatov modela IDMM velja, da vrednosti PEC, ekstrapolirane iz izhodnih podatkov modela IDMM, razumno izražajo izpostavljenost okolja za uporabo pri določanju tveganja zdravil za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki vsebujejo cinkov oksid, pri živalih za proizvodnjo živil.
• the CVMP considered that based on the available data the clinical benefit of the veterinary medicinal products containing colistin sulfate and zinc oxide cannot be demonstrated; 
• odbor CVMP je presodil, da na podlagi razpoložljivih podatkov ni mogoče dokazati klinične koristi zdravil za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki vsebujejo kolistinijev sulfat in cinkov oksid;
The authors of the report also concluded that the current use of zinc in pig production in Denmark may lead to leaching of zinc from fields fertilised with pig slurry into the water compartments, in concentrations that may pose a risk to aquatic species. 
Avtorji poročila so zaključili, da trenutna uporaba cinka pri prašičereji na Danskem lahko privede do izpiranja cinka s polj, gnojenih s prašičjo gnojevko, v vodne ekosisteme, in sicer v koncentracijah, ki lahko predstavljajo tveganje za vodne vrste.
Despite these uncertainties, considering the nature of the active substance, as an inorganic molecule, and the difficulties identified throughout the application procedure in terms of assessing the environmental risk for a compound ‘outside' of current CVMP/VICH guidance, it may be accepted that the estimated PEC values extrapolated from the IDMM outputs offer a reasonable reflection of the environmental exposure for use in the risk characterisation for Gutal. 
Kljub tem negotovostim je ob upoštevanju narave zdravilne učinkovine, ki je anorganska molekula, in težav pri ocenjevanju tveganja za okolje za spojino, ki ni obravnavana v veljavni smernici odbora CVMP/VICH, ki so bile prisotne v celotnem postopku obravnavanja vloge, lahko sprejemljivo, da so ocenjene vrednosti PEC, ekstrapolirane iz izhodnih podatkov modela IDMM, zadovoljiv odraz izpostavljenosti okolja in se lahko uporabijo pri določanju tveganja za zdravilo Gutal.
Combination of zinc oxide and colistin or sulfaguanidine Based on the data presented, the combinations of zinc oxide, recommended for the prevention of unspecific diarrhoea during the post-weaning period, with any antimicrobial substance recommended for treatment and metaphylaxis of diarrhoea induced by target pathogen(s), are not justified. 
Kombinacija cinkovega oksida in kolistina ali sulfagvanidina Na podlagi predstavljenih podatkov kombinacije cinkovega oksida, priporočenega za preprečevanje nespecifične driske v obdobju po odstavitvi, s katero koli protimikrobno učinkovino, priporočeno za zdravljenje in metafilakso driske, ki jo povzročajo ciljni patogeni, niso utemeljene.
At a site-specific level, PNEC bioavailability corrections in sediment as a result of AVS/SEM content in sediment, can be made if the necessary data are available; however, such data are scarce. 
Če so na voljo potrebni podatki, so na posameznem mestu mogoči popravki vrednosti PNEC glede na biološko uporabnost v sedimentu kot rezultat vsebnosti AVS/SEM v sedimentu, vendar so takšni podatki omejeni.
Consequently, the CVMP considers that the environmental risk assessment provided during the referral procedure under Article 33(4) of Directive 2001/82/EC for Gutal (EMEA/V/A/108) is scientifically sound and should be used in the benefit-risk evaluation for products containing zinc oxide to be administered orally to food producing species. 
Zato meni, da je ocena tveganja za okolje, predložena v napotitvenem postopku v skladu s členom 33(4) Direktive 2001/82/ES za zdravilo Gutal (EMEA/V/A/108), znanstveno utemeljena in jo je treba uporabiti pri vrednotenju razmerja med tveganji in koristmi za zdravila, ki vsebujejo cinkov oksid, za peroralno dajanje vrstam za proizvodnjo živil.
The data presented support the use of veterinary medicinal product containing zinc oxide for prevention of post-weaning diarrhoea in piglets at the dose of 100 mg/kg bw per day (equivalent to 2500 ppm zinc in feed), for a duration of 14 days. 
Predstavljeni podatki podpirajo uporabo zdravila za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki vsebuje cinkov oksid, za preprečevanje driske po odstavitvi pri prašičkih v odmerku 100 mg/kg telesne mase na dan (kar ustreza 2 500 ppm cinka v krmi) v obdobju 14 dni.
Consequently, the CVMP considers that in the light of overall data available, environmental risks identified by the continuous annual accumulation of zinc in soil from the spreading of manure in agricultural land cannot be effectively controlled through the application of the two risk mitigation measures presented above. 
Zato odbor CVMP meni, da glede na vse razpoložljive podatke ugotovljenih tveganj za okolje zaradi stalnega vsakoletnega kopičenja cinka v tleh kot posledice gnojenja kmetijskih zemljišč ni mogoče učinkovito nadzorovati z uporabo dveh zgoraj predstavljenih ukrepov za zmanjšanje tveganja.
In soil, properties such as pH, organic carbon content, cation exchange capacity, and clay content determine bioavailability in the terrestrial compartment. 
V kopenskem ekosistemu biološko uporabnosti določajo lastnosti, kot so pH, vsebnost organskega ogljika, kationska izmenjalna kapaciteta in vsebnost gline v tleh.
Considering the use of these products, current EU rules and Good Agricultural Practice on manure spreading, how the target animals are kept and how manure is managed, the suggested risk mitigation measures (dilution of manure and distance to surface waters), although they are in line with the CVMP/VICH guideline (CVMP/VICH/790/03) and were recommended for the referral procedure under Article 33(4) of Directive 2001/82 for Gutal (EMEA/V/A/108), in order to reduce the accumulation of zinc in each compartment, cannot guarantee that they can effectively eliminate either the imminent and future environmental risks identified from the risk assessment, but will just delay the total zinc accumulation in the environment (i.e. the time when the PEC will exceed the PNECs). 
Glede na uporabo teh zdravil, veljavna pravila EU in dobro kmetijsko prakso gnojenja, način vzreje ciljnih živali in način ravnanja z gnojem predlagani ukrepi za zmanjšanje tveganja (redčenje gnoja in oddaljenost od površinskih vod), čeprav so skladni s smernico odbora CVMP/VICH (CVMP/VICH/790/03) in so bili priporočeni za napotitveni postopek v skladu s členom 33(4) Direktive 2001/82 za zdravilo Gutal (EMEA/V/A/108) za zmanjšanje kopičenja cinka v vseh ekosistemih, ne morejo zagotoviti učinkovite odprave takojšnjega in prihodnjega tveganja za okolje, ki je bilo ugotovljeno v oceni tveganja, temveč bodo skupno kopičenje cinka v okolju le odložili (tj. podaljšali čas, ko bo vrednost PEC presegla vrednosti PNEC).
A total of five different environmental risk assessments on products containing zinc oxide to be administered orally to piglets for 2-6 weeks, at concentrations ranging between 2500 to 3100 ppm zinc oxide in feed were made available to the CVMP during this referral procedure. 
Odbor CVMP je imel v tem napotitvenem postopku skupaj na voljo pet različnih ocen tveganja za okolje za zdravila, ki vsebujejo cinkov oksid za 2- do 6-tedensko peroralno dajanje prašičkom v koncentracijskem razponu med 2 500 in 3 100 ppm cinkovega oksida v krmi.
Considering the use of these products, current EU rules and Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) on manure spreading, how the target animals are kept and how manure is managed, the risk mitigation measures proposed above, although they are in line with the CVMP/VICH guideline (CVMP/VICH/790/03) and were proposed for the referral procedure on Gutal under Article 33(4) of Directive 2001/82/EC (EMEA/V/A/108) in order to reduce the accumulation of zinc in each compartment, cannot guarantee that they can effectively eliminate imminent and future environmental risks identified in the risk assessment, but will just delay the total zinc accumulation in the environment, (i.e. the time when PEC will exceed PNECs). 
Glede na uporabo teh zdravil, trenutna pravila EU in dobro kmetijsko prakso gnojenja, način vzreje ciljnih živali in način ravnanja z gnojem zgoraj predlagani ukrepi za zmanjšanje tveganja, čeprav so v skladu s smernico odbora CVMP/VICH (CVMP/VICH/790/03) in so bili predlagani za napotitveni postopek v skladu s členom 33(4) Direktive 2001/82/ES za zdravilo Gutal (EMEA/V/A/108) za zmanjšanje kopičenja cinka v vseh ekosistemih, ne morejo učinkovito odpraviti takojšnjega in prihodnjega tveganja za okolje, ki je bilo ugotovljeno pri oceni tveganja, temveč bodo skupno kopičenje cinka v okolju le odložili (tj. podaljšali čas, ko bo vrednost PEC presegla vrednosti PNEC).
Supporting field studies on zinc accumulation in soils were not available during the referral procedure under Article 33(4) of Directive 2001/82/EC for Gutal (EMEA/V/A/108). 
Podporne terenske študije o kopičenju cinka v prsti v okviru napotitvenega postopka v skladu s členom 33(4) Direktive 2001/82/ES za zdravilo Gutal (EMEA/V/A/108) niso bile na voljo.
The CVMP considered that the combinations of zinc oxide, recommended for the prevention of nonspecific diarrhoea during the post-weaning period, with any antimicrobial substance recommended for treatment and metaphylaxis of diarrhoea induced by target pathogen(s), are not justified. 
Odbor CVMP je presodil, da kombinacije cinkovega oksida, priporočenega za preprečevanje nespecifične driske v obdobju po odstavitvi, s katero koli protimikrobno učinkovino, priporočeno za zdravljenje in metafilakso driske, ki jo povzročajo ciljni patogeni, niso utemeljene.
modulates expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and tight junction protein in early weaned pigs. 
Diosmectite - zinc oxide composite improves intestinal barrier function, modulates expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and tight junction protein in early weaned pigs.
The marketing authorisation holder also argues the lack of justification for rejecting risk mitigation measures proposed during the procedure under Article 33(4) of Directive 2001/82 for Gutal (EMEA/V/A/108). 
Imetnik dovoljenja za promet z zdravilom tudi trdi, da ni zavrnitev ukrepov za zmanjšanje tveganja, predlaganih v okviru postopka v skladu s členom 33(4) Direktive 2001/82 za zdravilo Gutal (EMEA/V/A/108), ni utemeljena.
Nonetheless, for each compartment, risks have been identified for some scenarios at each application rate investigated. 
Ne glede na to so bila pri nekaterih scenarijih tveganja ugotovljena v vseh ekosistemih in pri vseh preučevanih odmerkih.
According to recently published data, zinc used in animal farming might increase the prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria due to co-selection for antimicrobial resistance genes. 
Glede na nedavno objavljene podatke bi lahko cink, uporabljen pri vzreji živali, zaradi koselekcije genov za protimikrobno odpornost povečal prevalenco bakterij, odpornih proti antibiotikom.
30 g/100 g 18,45 g/100 g 
30 g/100 g g/100 g peroralni prašek
Several published studies demonstrated during in vivo experiments or by investigating environmental isolates a correlation between high doses of zinc supplementation in food and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria (LA-MRSA) or of multi-resistant bacterial clones (E. coli). 
V več objavljenih študijah je bila v poskusih in vivo ali s preučevanjem izolatov iz okolja dokazana povezava med velikimi odmerki dodanega cinka v krmo in prevalenco bakterij s protimikrobno odpornostjo (LA-MRSA) ali večkratno odpornih bakterijskih klonov (E. coli).
This beneficial effect of zinc oxide was demonstrated at a dose of 100 mg/kg bw per day (equivalent to 2500 ppm in feed), administered during 12-14 days from weaning. 
Ta pozitivni učinek cinkovega oksida je bil dokazan pri odmerku 100 mg/kg telesne mase na dan (kar ustreza 2 500 ppm v krmi), ki se daje 12-14 dni po odstavitvi.
The CVMP does not agree with the marketing authorisation holder's argument that the initial benefit-risk assessment was concluded to be positive for the procedure under Article 33(4) of Directive 2001/82 for Gutal (EMEA/V/A/108). 
Odbor CVMP se ne strinja z utemeljitvijo imetnika dovoljenja za promet z zdravilom, da je bila prvotna ocena razmerja med tveganji in koristmi v postopku v skladu s členom 33(4) Direktive 2001/82 za zdravilo Gutal (EMEA/V/A/108) pozitivna.
The CVMP considers that the environmental risks identified by the yearly accumulation of zinc in soil from the spreading of manure in agricultural land cannot be controlled with risk mitigation measures. 
Odbor CVMP meni, da tveganja za okolje zaradi vsakoletnega kopičenja cinka v tleh zaradi gnojenja kmetijskih zemljišč ni mogoče nadzorovati z ukrepi za zmanjšanje tveganja.
This trend of zinc accumulation on agricultural soils from the veterinary use of zinc oxide has been recently reported by Bak et al. (2015). 
O navedeni težnji kopičenja cinka na kmetijskih zemljiščih zaradi uporabe cinkovega oksida v veterinarski medicini so nedavno poročali Bak idr.
The data available shows a beneficial effect of zinc oxide at the dose of 100 mg/kg bw per day (equivalent to 2500 ppm zinc in feed), given in the feed for 12-14 days. 
Razpoložljivi podatki kažejo na pozitivne učinke cinkovega oksida v odmerku 100 mg/kg telesne mase na dan (kar ustreza 2 500 ppm cinka v prehrani), ki se daje v krmo 12-14 dni.
• the CVMP considered that based on the available data the efficacy of veterinary medicinal products containing zinc oxide for prevention of post-weaning diarrhoea in piglets is demonstrated; 
• odbor CVMP je presodil, da je na podlagi razpoložljivih podatkov učinkovitost zdravil za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki vsebujejo cinkov oksid, za preprečevanje driske po odstavitvi pri prašičkih dokazana;