natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Table 7 Primary and secondary clinical endpoints by treatment group in the SAVOR study* 
Preglednica 7 Primarni in sekundarni klinični opazovani dogodki po terapevtski skupini v študiji SAVOR*
Combination requiring precautions for use 
Kombinacija, ki zahteva previdnost
Komboglyze should not be used in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus or for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. 
Zdravila Komboglyze se ne sme uporabljati pri bolnikih s sladkorno boleznijo tipa 1 ali za zdravljenje diabetične ketoacidoze.
A limited amount of data suggest the use of metformin in pregnant women is not associated with an increased risk of congenital malformations. 
Maloštevilni podatki nakazujejo, da uporabe metformina pri nosečnicah ne spremlja večje tveganje za prirojene malformacije.
• decreased vitamin B12 levels 
• zmanjšana koncentracija vitamina B12
These reactions were also identified in the pre-approval clinical trials, but do not meet the criteria for Table 2. 
Ti učinki so bili prav tako ugotovljeni v kliničnih preskušanjih pred pridobitvijo dovoljenja za promet, vendar niso ustrezali kriterijem, podanim v Preglednici 2.
Primary endpoint was the proportion of patients reaching HbA1c < 7% without confirmed or severe hypoglycaemia. 
Primarni opazovani dogodek je bil delež bolnikov, ki so dosegli HbA1c < 7 % brez potrjene ali hude hipoglikemije.
Use of DPP4 inhibitors has been associated with a risk of developing acute pancreatitis. 
Uporaba zaviralcev DPP4 je bila povezana s tveganjem za pojav akutnega pankreatitisa.
• Tablet core: povidone K30, magnesium stearate. 
• Jedro tablete: povidon K30, magnezijev stearat.
- For renal function with GFR levels approaching moderate renal impairment and in elderly patients, at least 2 to 4 times per year. 
- V primeru delovanja ledvic z GFR, ki se približuje zmerni okvari ledvic, in pri starejših bolnikih, vsaj 2- do 4-krat na leto.
In in vitro studies, saxagliptin and its major metabolite neither inhibited CYP1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, or 3A4, nor induced CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C9, or 3A4. 
V študijah in vitro saksagliptin in njegov glavni presnovek nista ne zavrla CYP1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1 ali 3A4, ne inducirala CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C9 ali 3A4.
The following data are based on the findings in the studies with saxagliptin and metformin individually. 
Naslednji podatki temeljijo na izsledkih študij s saksagliptinom in metforminom posamezno.
• in combination with other medicinal products for the treatment of diabetes, including insulin, in patients inadequately controlled with metformin and these medicinal products (see sections 4.4, 4.5 and 5.1 for available data on different combinations) 
• v kombinaciji z drugimi zdravili za zdravljenje sladkorne bolezni, vključno z insulinom, pri bolnikih, ki niso ustrezno urejeni z metforminom in temi zdravili (glejte poglavja 4.4, 4.5 in 5.1 za podatke, ki so na voljo o različnih kombinacijah);
If the patient wishes to become pregnant, or if a pregnancy occurs, treatment with this medicinal product should be discontinued and switched to insulin treatment as soon as possible. 
Če bolnica želi zanositi ali če zanosi, je treba zdravljenje s tem zdravilom prekiniti in čim prej preiti na zdravljenje z insulinom.
The European Medicines Agency has waived the obligation to submit the results of studies with Komboglyze in all subsets of the paediatric population in type 2 diabetes mellitus (see section 4.2 for information on paediatric use). 
Evropska agencija za zdravila je odstopila od obveze za predložitev rezultatov študij z zdravilom Komboglyze za vse skupine pediatrične populacije v povezavi s sladkorno boleznijo tipa 2 (glejte poglavje 4.2 za informacije o uporabi pri otrocih).
If you take more Komboglyze than you should If you take more Komboglyze tablets than you should, talk to a doctor or go to a hospital straight away. 
Če ste vzeli večji odmerek zdravila Komboglyze, kot bi smeli Če ste vzeli več tablet zdravila Komboglyze, kot bi smeli, se morate takoj posvetovati z zdravnikom ali oditi v bolnišnico.
The adverse reactions are listed by system organ class and absolute frequency. 
Neželeni učinki so našteti po organskem sistemu in absolutni pogostnosti.
• Do not take a double dose of this medicine to make up for a forgotten dose. 
• Ne vzemite dvojnega odmerka tega zdravila, če ste pozabili vzeti prejšnji odmerek.
If acidosis of either form occurs, this medicinal product must be stopped immediately and other appropriate corrective measures initiated. 
Če se pojavi kakršna koli oblika acidoze, je treba zdravljenje s tem zdravilom nemudoma končati in uvesti ustrezne korektivne ukrepe.
The following statements reflect the pharmacokinetic properties of the individual active substances of Komboglyze. 
Naslednje navedbe temeljijo na farmakokinetičnih lastnostih posameznih učinkovin zdravila Komboglyze.
Onset of symptoms following initiation of drug therapy may be rapid or may occur after longer periods of treatment. 
Simptomi se lahko pojavijo hitro po uvedbi zdravila, lahko pa se pojavijo po daljšem obdobju zdravljenja.
What Komboglyze is and what it is used for 
Kaj je zdravilo Komboglyze in za kaj ga uporabljamo
Along with diet and exercise, this helps lower your blood sugar. 
Vse to - skupaj z dieto in telesno dejavnostjo - pomaga znižati krvni sladkor.
p-value = 0.0063 (between group comparisons significant at α = 0.05). 
p-vrednost = 0,0063 (primerjava med skupinami je značilna pri α = 0,05).
Patients experienced relief of symptoms after discontinuation of the medicinal product and some experienced recurrence of symptoms with reintroduction of the same or another DPP4 inhibitor. 
Bolnikom so simptomi po prenehanju jemanja zdravila izginili, nekaterim bolnikom pa so se simptomi znova pojavili po ponovni uvedbi istega ali drugega zaviralca DPP4.
* Intent-to-treat population 
* Populacija z namenom zdravljenja
Follow the recommendations for skin and foot care that your doctor or nurse gave you. 
Upoštevajte priporočila za nego kože in stopal, ki vam jih je dal zdravnik ali medicinska sestra.
No benefit was observed for MACE or all-cause mortality. 
Ugotovili niso nobene koristi ne glede MACE ne glede umrljivosti zaradi vseh vzrokov.
If you have ever had heart failure or you have other risk factors for developing heart failure such as problems with your kidneys. 
če ste kdaj imeli srčno popuščanje, ali imate kakšen drug dejavnik tveganja za pojav srčnega popuščanja, na primer težave z ledvicami.
• inflamed nose or throat such as with a cold or sore throat 
• vnetje nosu ali žrela, npr. prehlad ali boleče žrelo
When driving or using machines, it should be taken into account that dizziness has been reported in studies with saxagliptin. 
Pri vožnji ali upravljanju strojev je treba upoštevati, da je bila v študijah saksagliptina opisana omotica.
Do not take Komboglyze - If you are allergic to saxagliptin, metformin or any of the other ingredients of this medicine (listed in section 6); - If you have had a serious allergic (hypersensitive) reaction to any other similar medications that you take to control your blood sugar. 
Ne jemljite zdravila Komboglyze: če ste alergični na saksagliptin, metformin ali katero koli sestavino tega zdravila (navedeno v poglavju 6); če ste kdaj imeli resno alergijsko (preobčutljivostno) reakcijo na katera druga podobna zdravila, ki jih jemljete za uravnavanje vašega sladkorja v krvi.
Adverse reactions of hypoglycaemia were based on all reports of hypoglycaemia; a concurrent glucose measurement was not required. 
Neželeni učinki hipoglikemije temeljijo na vseh poročilih o hipoglikemijah; sočasna meritev glukoze ni bila potrebna.
This has been shown at therapeutic doses in controlled, medium-term or long-term clinical studies: metformin reduces total cholesterol, LDL-C and triglyceride levels. 
To je bilo v terapevtskih odmerkih dokazano v kontroliranih srednjeročnih in dolgoročnih kliničnih študijah: metformin zmanjša koncentracijo celotnega holesterola, holesterola LDL in trigliceridov.
Arthralgia has also been reported during postmarketing surveillance (see section 4.4). 
O artralgiji so poročali tudi med nadzorom v obdobju trženja (glejte poglavje 4.4).
The intra-subject coefficients of variation for saxagliptin Cmax and AUC were less than 12%. 
Intraindividualna koeficienta variacije za Cmax in AUC saksagliptina sta bila manj kot 12 %.
Mean absolute lymphocyte counts remained stable with daily dosing up to 102 weeks in duration. 
Povprečno absolutno število limfocitov je ostalo stabilno med dnevno uporabo do 102. tedna.
Saxagliptin (N=8280) 
Saksagliptin (N = 8280)
Clinical data described below suggest that the risk for clinically meaningful interactions with co-administered medicinal products is low. 
Spodaj opisani klinični podatki kažejo, da je tveganje za klinično pomembna medsebojna delovanja med sočasno uporabo z drugimi zdravili majhno.
• inflamed stomach (gastritis) or gut, sometimes caused by an infection (gastro-enteritis) 
• vnetje želodca (gastritis) ali črevesa, včasih zaradi okužbe (gastroenteritis)
As initial combination with metformin: gastritis (common), arthralgia 
Kot uvodna kombinacija z metforminom: gastritis (pogosto), artralgija
Renal clearance of metformin is > 400 mL/min, indicating that metformin is eliminated by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. 
Ledvični očistek metformina je > 400 ml/min, kar kaže, da se metformin izloča z glomerulno filtracijo in tubularno sekrecijo.
A study conducted in seven normal healthy volunteers showed that cimetidine, administered as 400 mg twice daily, increased metformin systemic exposure (AUC) by 50% and Cmax by 81%. 
Študija, opravljena pri sedmih normalnih zdravih prostovoljcih, je pokazala, da je cimetidin v odmerku 400 mg dvakrat na dan povečal sistemsko izpostavljenost (AUC) metforminu za 50 % in Cmax za 81 %.
p< 0.0001 compared to placebo. 
p < 0,0001 v primerjavi s placebom.
Other medicines and Komboglyze 
Druga zdravila in zdravilo Komboglyze
p-value < 0.0001. p-value=0.0166. 
Vrednost p = 0,0166.
• infection of your sinuses, sometimes with a feeling of pain and fullness behind your cheeks and eyes (sinusitis) 
• okužba obnosnih votlin, včasih z bolečinami in občutkom polnosti za lici in očmi (sinuzitis)
Kidney tests or checks 
Preiskave ali preverjanje ledvic
Diabetic skin lesions are a common complication of diabetes. 
Diabetične kožne spremembe so pogost zaplet sladkorne bolezni.
Thus, changes in blood protein levels in various disease states (e.g. renal or hepatic impairment) are not expected to alter the disposition of saxagliptin. 
Zato ni pričakovati, da bi spremembe v koncentraciji beljakovin v krvi pri različnih bolezenskih stanjih (npr. okvari ledvic ali jeter) spremenile odstranjevanje saksagliptina.
Saxagliptin is a highly potent (Ki: 1.3 nM), selective, reversible, competitive, DPP4 inhibitor. 
Saksagliptin je zelo močan (Ki: 1,3 nM), selektiven, reverzibilen in kompetitiven zaviralec DPP4.
Komboglyze must be discontinued at the time of surgery with general, spinal or epidural anaesthesia. 
Uporabo zdravila Komboglyze je treba v času kirurškega posega pod splošno, spinalno ali epiduralno anestezijo prekiniti.
- Metformin is contraindicated in patients with a GFR < 30 mL/min and should be temporarily discontinued in the presence of conditions that alter renal function (see section 4.3). 
- Metformin je kontraindiciran pri bolnikih z GFR< 30 ml/min in ga je treba začasno ukiniti, če se pojavijo stanja, ki spremenijo delovanje ledvic (glejte poglavje 4.3).
It is unknown whether saxagliptin is excreted in human milk, but metformin is excreted in human milk in small amounts. 
Ni znano, ali se saksagliptin pri človeku izloča v materino mleko, metformin pa se pri človeku izloča v materino mleko v majhni količini.
Saxagliptin and metformin work together to control your blood sugar. 
Saksagliptin in metformin delujeta skupaj in uravnavata vaš krvni sladkor.
The effects of smoking, diet, herbal products, and alcohol use on the pharmacokinetics of saxagliptin have not been specifically studied. 
Vplivi kajenja, prehrane, pripravkov rastlinskega izvora in alkohola na farmakokinetiko saksagliptina, niso posebej raziskani.
Reductions in A1c were seen across subgroups including gender, age, race, and baseline BMI. 
Zmanjšanje A1c so ugotovili tudi po podskupinah, vključno po spolu, starosti, rasi in izhodiščnem indeksu telesne mase (ITM).
The average renal clearance of saxagliptin (230 mL/min) was greater than the average estimated glomerular filtration rate (120 mL/min), suggesting some active renal excretion. 
Povprečni ledvični očistek saksagliptina (230 ml/min) je bil večji kot povprečna ocenjena hitrost glomerularne filtracije (120 ml/min), kar kaže določeno mero aktivnega ledvičnega izločanja.
Animal studies with metformin do not indicate harmful effects with respect to pregnancy, embryonic or foetal development, parturition or postnatal development (see section 5.3). 
Študije metformina na živalih ne kažejo škodljivih učinkov na nosečnost, embrionalni ali fetalni razvoj, porod ali poporodni razvoj (glejte poglavje 5.3).
If you have an allergic reaction, stop taking this medicine and call your doctor right away. 
Če se pri vas pojavi alergijska reakcija, prenehajte jemati to zdravilo in takoj obvestite zdravnika.
Komboglyze may cause a very rare, but very serious side effect called lactic acidosis, particularly if your kidneys are not working properly. 
Zdravilo Komboglyze lahko povzroči zelo redek, a zelo resen neželeni učinek, imenovan laktacidoza, zlasti če ledvice ne delujejo pravilno.
Cationic substances that are eliminated by renal tubular secretion (e.g. cimetidine) may interact with metformin by competing for common renal tubular transport systems. 
Kationske snovi, ki se izločajo z ledvično tubulno sekrecijo (npr. cimetidin), lahko medsebojno delujejo z metforminom s tekmovanjem za skupne ledvične tubulne transportne sisteme.
In case of suspected symptoms, the patient should stop taking Komboglyze and seek immediate medical attention. 
Ob sumu na simptome mora bolnik prenehati z jemanjem zdravila Komboglyze in takoj poiskati zdravniško pomoč.
Other side effects of Komboglyze include: 
Med drugimi neželenimi učinki zdravila Komboglyze so:
In particular, if you are following a diabetic weight control diet, keep on with this while you are taking this medicine. 
Še zlasti če se držite diabetične diete za obvladovanje telesne mase, dieto nadaljujte tudi med jemanjem tega zdravila.
Metformin was uptitrated from 500 to 2000 mg per day as tolerated. 
Odmerek metformina so povečevali od 500 do 2000 mg na dan, kot je bolnik prenesel.
Saxagliptin and its major metabolite can be removed by haemodialysis (23% of dose over 4 hours). 
Saksagliptin in njegov glavni presnovek je mogoče odstraniti s hemodializo (23 % odmerka v 4 urah).
The mean metformin dose was approximately 1900 mg in each treatment group. 
Povprečni odmerek metformina je bil v obeh terapevtskih skupinah približno 1900 mg.
Glucocorticoids (given by systemic and local routes), beta-2 agonists, and diuretics have intrinsic hyperglycaemic activity. 
Glukokortikoidi (uporabljeni sistemsko ali lokalno), agonisti beta-2 in diuretiki imajo intrinzično hiperglikemično delovanje.
Special caution should be exercised in situations where renal function may become impaired, for example when initiating antihypertensive or diuretic therapy or when starting treatment with a NSAID. 
Posebna pozornost je potrebna v okoliščinah, ko bi se lahko pojavila okvara delovanja ledvic, npr. na začetku zdravljenja z antihipertenzivi ali diuretiki ali ob uvedbi zdravljenja z NSAID.
The effect of saxagliptin on fertility in humans has not been studied. 
Vpliv saksagliptina na plodnost pri človeku ni raziskan.
Evaluation should include serum electrolytes and ketones, blood glucose and, if indicated, blood pH, lactate, pyruvate, and metformin levels. 
Ocena mora vključevati serumske elektrolite in ketone, glukozo v krvi in, če je indicirano, pH krvi in koncentracijo laktata, piruvata in metformina v krvi.
Events accumulated consistently over time, and the event rates for saxagliptin and placebo did not diverge notably over time. 
Dogodki so se skozi čas kopičili stalno in deleži dogodkov se s saksagliptinom in placebom skozi čas niso občutno razhajali.
< 30 Metformin is contraindicated. 
Metformin je kontraindiciran.
Event rate per 100 patient-years 
Dogodki na 100 bolnik-let
• Lactic acidosis, Komboglyze may cause a very rare (may affect up to 1 user in 10,000), but very serious side effect called lactic acidosis (see section “Warnings and precautions”). 
• Laktacidoza, zdravilo Komboglyze lahko povzroči zelo redek (pojavi se lahko pri največ 1 od 10.000 bolnikov), a zelo resen neželeni učinek, imenovan laktacidoza (glejte poglavje "Opozorila in previdnostni ukrepi").
The use of Komboglyze or saxagliptin has not been studied in pregnant women. 
Uporaba zdravila Komboglyze ali saksagliptina pri nosečnicah ni raziskana.
So it is important to keep following the advice about diet and exercise from your doctor or nurse. 
Zato je pomembno, da še naprej upoštevate navodila za dieto in telesno dejavnost, ki ste jih dobili od zdravnika ali medicinske sestre.
The time for saxagliptin to reach Cmax (Tmax) was increased by approximately 0.5 hours with food compared with the fasted state. 
Čas, v katerem je saksagliptin dosegel Cmax (tmax), se je ob zaužitju s hrano podaljšal za približno 0,5 ure v primerjavi s stanjem na tešče.
A small decrease in absolute lymphocyte count was observed. 
Opazili so majhno zmanjšanje absolutnega števila limfocitov.
Stop taking Komboglyze for a short time if you have a condition that may be associated with dehydration (significant loss of body fluids) such as severe vomiting, diarrhoea, fever, exposure to heat or if you drink less fluid than normal. 
Za kratek čas prenehajte jemati zdravilo Komboglyze, če imate stanje, ki je lahko povezano z dehidracijo (znatna izguba telesnih tekočin), kot je hudo bruhanje, driska, zvišana telesna temperatura, izpostavljenost vročini ali če pijete manj tekočine, kot običajno.
Food decreases the extent and slightly delays the absorption of metformin. 
Hrana zmanjša absorpcijo metformina in jo rahlo upočasni.
Saxagliptin or metformin has a negligible influence on the ability to drive and use machines. 
Saksagliptin ali metformin imata zanemarljiv vpliv na sposobnost vožnje in upravljanja strojev.
Therefore, in keeping with routine care of the diabetic patient, monitoring for skin disorders, such as blistering, ulceration or rash, is recommended. 
Zato je v skladu z rutinsko oskrbo sladkornega bolnika priporočljivo spremljanje glede kožnih sprememb, npr. mehurjev, razjed ali izpuščaja.
In rabbits, co-administration was poorly tolerated in many mothers, resulting in death, moribundity or abortion. 
Pri kuncih so številne samice-matere sočasno uporabo slabo prenašale in je povzročila smrt, moribundnost ali splav.
Saxagliptin was not genotoxic in a conventional battery of genotoxicity studies in vitro and in vivo. 
Saksagliptin ni bil genotoksičen v konvencionalni skupini študij genotoksičnosti in vitro in in vivo.
Avoid excessive alcohol intake while taking Komboglyze since this may increase the risk of lactic acidosis (see “Warnings and precautions”). 
Med jemanjem zdravila Komboglyze ne uživajte čezmernih količin alkohola, saj lahko to poveča tveganje za laktacidozo (glejte poglavje "Opozorila in previdnostni ukrepi").
What you need to know before you take Komboglyze 
Kaj morate vedeti, preden boste vzeli zdravilo Komboglyze
You may need more frequent blood glucose and kidney function tests, or your doctor may adjust the dosage of Komboglyze. 
Morda boste morali pogosteje opravljati preiskave glukoze v krvi in delovanja ledvic, zdravnik pa bo morda moral prilagoditi odmerek zdravila Komboglyze.
Caution is warranted if this medicinal product is used in patients who have known risk factors for hospitalisation for heart failure, such as a history of heart failure or moderate to severe renal impairment. 
Previdnost je potrebna, če je to zdravilo uporabljeno pri bolnikih z znanimi dejavniki tveganja za hospitalizacijo zaradi srčnega popuščanja, npr. pri bolnikih z anamnezo srčnega popuščanja ali z zmerno do hudo okvaro ledvic.
• in patients inadequately controlled on their maximally tolerated dose of metformin alone 
• ki je nezadostno urejena z največjim toleriranim odmerkom samega metformina;
Adjusted mean change from baseline adjusted for baseline value (ANCOVA). 
Korigirana povprečna sprememba od izhodišča, korigirana za izhodiščno vrednosti (ANCOVA).
At the usual metformin doses and dosing schedules, steady state plasma concentrations are reached within 24-48 h and are generally less than 1 μg/mL. 
Ob običajnih odmerkih in odmernih shemah metformina je koncentracija v stanju dinamičnega ravnovesja v plazmi dosežena v 24 do 48 urah in je na splošno manjša od 1 µg/ml.
• flatulence 
• flatulenca
Decrease in body weight in the treatment groups given saxagliptin in combination with metformin was similar to that in the groups given metformin alone. 
Zmanjšanje telesne mase v terapevtskih skupinah, ki so dobivale saksagliptin v kombinaciji z metforminom, je bilo podobno kot v skupinah, ki so dobivale samo metformin.
In case of dehydration (severe diarrhoea or vomiting, fever, heat, reduced fluid intake), Komboglyze should be temporarily discontinued and contact with a health care professional is recommended. 
V primeru dehidracije (huda driska ali bruhanje, zvišana telesna temperatura ali zmanjšan vnos tekočine) je treba jemanje zdravila Komboglyze začasno prekiniti; priporoča se posvet z zdravstvenim delavcem.
In addition, patients should be alerted to the risk of hypoglycaemia when Komboglyze is used in combination with other antidiabetic medicinal products known to cause hypoglycaemia (e.g. insulin, sulphonylureas). 
Poleg tega je treba bolnike opozoriti na tveganje za hipoglikemijo, če je zdravilo Komboglyze uporabljeno v kombinaciji z drugimi antidiabetičnimi zdravili, za katere je znano, da povzročajo hipoglikemijo (npr. insulin, sulfonilsečnine).
The other ingredients (excipients) are: 
Druge sestavine zdravila (pomožne snovi) so:
Renal function As metformin is excreted by the kidney, renal function should be assessed: - Before initiation of treatment and regularly thereafter (see sections 4.2, 4.8, 5.1 and 5.2). 
Delovanje ledvic Ker se metformin izloča skozi ledvice, je treba oceniti delovanje ledvic: - Pred uvedbo zdravila in nato redno (glejte poglavja 4.2, 4.8, 5.1 in 5.2).
Includes saxagliptin in add-on to metformin and initial combination with metformin. 
Vključuje saksagliptin kot dodatek metforminu in začetno kombinacijo z metforminom.
There have been no formal interaction studies for Komboglyze. 
Z zdravilom Komboglyze niso izvedli formalnih študij medsebojnega delovanja.
Komboglyze with alcohol 
Zdravilo Komboglyze skupaj z alkoholom
Table 4 The frequency of metformin adverse reactions identified from clinical trial and postmarketing data 
Preglednica 4 Pogostnost neželenih učinkov metformina, ugotovljenih v kliničnih preskušanjih in iz obdobja trženja
If you forget to take Komboglyze 
Če ste pozabili vzeti zdravilo Komboglyze
What Komboglyze is and what it is used for What you need to know before you take Komboglyze How to take Komboglyze 
Kaj je zdravilo Komboglyze in za kaj ga uporabljamo Kaj morate vedeti, preden boste vzeli zdravilo Komboglyze Kako jemati zdravilo Komboglyze Možni neželeni učinki
This is because metformin passes into human milk in small amounts. 
Metformin namreč v majhni količini prehaja v materino mleko.
The rise in insulin from pancreatic beta-cells and the decrease in glucagon from pancreatic alpha-cells were associated with lower fasting glucose concentrations and reduced glucose excursion following an oral glucose load or a meal. 
Povečanje insulina iz pankreatičnih celic beta in zmanjšanje glukagona iz pankreatičnih celic alfa sta bili povezani z manjšo koncentracijo glukoze na tešče in manjšim porastom glukoze po peroralni obremenitvi z glukozo ali po obroku.