natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
However, on the basis of these studies it was not possible to conclude that abundance and diversity of dung insect populations (flies and beetles) will not be significantly affected by frequent and repeated use of moxidectin containing products over the years. 
Vendar na podlagi teh študij ni bilo mogoče zaključiti, da pogosta in večletna ponavljajoča se uporaba zdravil, ki vsebujejo moksidektin, ne bo pomembno vplivala na številčnost in raznolikost populacij insektov v gnoju (muh in hroščev).
In particular, in acute and chronic toxicity studies with algae, crustaceans and fish, moxidectin showed toxicity to these organisms, yielding the following endpoints: 
Zlasti pri akutnih in kroničnih študijah strupenosti pri algah, rakih in ribah je bil moksidektin strupen za te organizme, in sicer je imel naslednje vrednosti:
• Different target matrices that should be considered for the occurrence of moxidectin such as dung, surface water/suspended particles, sediment and soil. 
• Pri ugotavljanju prisotnosti moksidektina je treba upoštevati različne ciljne matrice, kot so gnoj, površinske vode/suspendirani delci, sediment in tla.
Regarding the inherent toxicity of moxidectin to aquatic organisms, the marketing authorisation holders considered that acute effects as in the acute toxicity test with D. magna, i.e. effects after 48 hours under continuous exposure, are not transferable to the field situation. 
Kar zadeva inherentno strupenost moksidektina za vodne organizme, so imetniki dovoljenj za promet z zdravilom presodili, da akutnih učinkov, kot so bili učinki iz testa akutne strupenosti z D. magna, tj. učinkov po 48 urah neprekinjene izpostavljenosti, ni mogoče prenesti v terenske razmere.
Comprehensive PEC calculations have been submitted for the relevant compartments (soil, surface water, sediment, and groundwater) covering cattle, sheep and horses, including the entry pathways run-off from pasture and direct entry to surface waters via excretion for pasture animals. 
Celoviti izračuni vrednosti PEC so bili predloženi za ustrezne ekosisteme (tla, površinska voda, sediment in podtalnica), ki zajemajo govedo, ovce in konje, vključno z vstopnimi potmi, kot sta odtekanje s pašnikov in neposreden vstop v površinske vode prek izločanja pri pašnih živalih.
To mitigate this risk, the product should be used only according to the label instructions. 
Za zmanjšanje tega tveganja se sme zdravilo uporabljati le v skladu z navodili za uporabo.
Because of the PBT status of moxidectin, emission scenarios have also been presented for stabled animals covering the spreading of manure onto soil. 
Ker ima moksidektin oceno PBT, so bili scenariji emisij predstavljeni tudi za živali v hlevu, kar pokriva širjenje gnoja v tla.
The experimental bioconcentration factor of 2543 l/kg is supported by the QSAR modelled bioconcentration factor of 2244 l/kg. 
Eksperimentalni biokoncentracijski faktor 2 543 l/kg je podprt z biokoncentracijskim faktorjem 2 244 l/kg na osnovi modela QSAR.
Additionally, a bioconcentration factor of 2244 l/kg was calculated using the following equation in a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model: log BCFfish = 0.85 x logKow -0.70, based on an experimentally derived logKow of 4.766. 
Dodatno so izračunali biokoncentracijski faktor 2 244 l/kg na kvantitativnem modelu razmerja med strukturo in aktivnostjo (QSAR) z naslednjo enačbo: log BCFribe = 0,85 x logKow -0,70 na osnovi eksperimentalno določenega logKow 4,766.
Avermectins have a very similar broad spectrum of activity, but partly achieved through different mode of action on glutamate-gated chloride channel receptors in nematode and arthropod cells, and efflux pathways at molecular levels. 
Avermektini imajo podobno širok spekter delovanja, ki pa je delno posledica drugačnega načina delovanja na receptorske od glutamata odvisne kloridne kanalčke v celicah glist in členonožcev, ter poti izločanja na molekularni ravni.
A comprehensive risk assessment for moxidectin and dung fauna has been provided. 
Predložena je bila celovita ocena tveganja za moksidektin in organizme v gnoju.
A field study should be conducted to generate data on the fate and behaviour of moxidectin in different environmental matrices under actual conditions of use of veterinary medicinal products administered to pasture animals for the prevention/treatment of parasite infestation. 
Treba je izvesti terensko študijo za pridobitev podatkov o končnem stanju in obnašanju moksidektina v različnih okoljskih matrikah v dejanskih razmerah uporabe zdravil za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki se dajejo pašnim živalim za preprečevanje/zdravljenje infestacij s paraziti.
The first study was performed in accordance with OECD guideline no. 2026. 
Prva študija je bila izvedena v skladu s smernico OECD št. 2026.
At this time it is considered important to maintain the marketing authorisations for veterinary medicinal products containing moxidectin on the European market for the treatment and control of parasitoses in cattle, sheep and horses to reduce the risk of development of resistance in line with responsible use principles. 
Trenutno je pomembno, da se na evropskem trgu ohranijo dovoljenja za promet z zdravilom za zdravila za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki vsebujejo moksidektin, za zdravljenje in nadzor parazitoz pri govedu, ovcah in konjih, da se zmanjša tveganje za razvoj odpornosti, v skladu z načeli odgovorne uporabe.
Evaluation and conclusions on the benefit-risk assessment 
Vrednotenje in zaključki o oceni razmerja med tveganji in koristmi
The uptake rate constant (k1) and depuration rate constant (k2) were estimated to be 194.7108 and 0.0739, respectively, for the low dose and 165.1532 and 0.0534, respectively, for the high dose. 
Konstanta stopnje absorpcije (k1) in konstanta stopnje očiščenja (k2) sta bili ocenjeni na 194,7108 oziroma 0,0739 pri manjšem odmerku ter 165,1532 oziroma 0,0534 pri večjem odmerku.
However, it should be noted that temperatures can also be lower, resulting in slower degradation rates and degradation may also be impaired by low moisture content. 
Treba je opozoriti, da so temperature lahko tudi nižje, kar privede do počasnejše razgradnje, razgradnjo pa lahko upočasni tudi nizka vsebnost vlage.
Considering further PEC-refinement (FOCUS SW - calculations and excretion pattern evaluation for risk mitigation measures) the maximum PEC values for the relevant environmental compartments are summarised as follows: 
Glede na nadaljnje natančnejše določitve vrednosti PEC (FOCUS SW - izračuni in vrednotenje vzorca izločanja pri določanju ukrepov za zmanjšanje tveganja) so bile najvišje vrednosti PEC za ustrezne ekosisteme naslednje:
Taking into account a default DT50_sediment of 1000 days (as a water/sediment study was not available) one marketing authorisation holder calculated the PECsediment_plateau to be 55.8 µg/kg dry weight. 
Z upoštevanjem privzete vrednosti DT50_sediment 1 000 dni (ker študija, opravljena v vodi/sedimentu, ni bila na voljo) je eden od imetnikov dovoljenja za promet z zdravilom izračunal, da je PECsediment_konstantna_vrednost 55,8 µg/kg suhe teže.
The first study on transformation in soil was performed in accordance with OECD guideline no. 3072. 
Prva študija o pretvorbi v tleh je bila izvedena v skladu s smernico OECD št. 3072.
53 (cattle, pour-on) 
53 (govedo, kožni poliv)
Under the conditions of the study, the 48-hour EC50 value for immobilisation was established as 30.2 ng/l. 
V pogojih študije so določili 48-urno vrednost EC50 za imobilizacijo kot 30,2 ng/l.
Furthermore, the marketing authorisation holders argued that bioaccumulation tested under laboratory conditions, i.e. continuous exposure under flow-through conditions, is not reflecting realistic exposure in the field. 
Nadalje so imetniki za promet z zdravilom trdili, da kopičenje v organizmih, testirano v laboratorijskih pogojih, tj. neprekinjena izpostavitev v pretočnih pogojih, ne odraža realne izpostavljenosti na terenu.
Any unused veterinary medicinal product or waste material derived from such veterinary medicinal products should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements. 
Vsako neporabljeno zdravilo za uporabo v veterinarski medicini ali odpadne snovi, ki nastanejo iz teh zdravil, je treba odstraniti v skladu z lokalnimi predpisi.
2 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline for the testing of chemicals no. 307: Aerobic and Anaerobic Transformation in Soil - link respectively, and a moisture content adjusted to 50% of the maximum water holding capacity). 
2 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline for the testing of chemicals no. 307: Aerobic and Anaerobic Transformation in Soil - link prilagojeno na 50 % največje zmožnosti zadrževanja vode).
During the refinement steps, processes such as sorption onto soil or partitioning into sediment were also taken into account. 
Med natančnejšim določanjem so upoštevali procese, kot sta sorpcija v tla in porazdelitev v sediment.
From a clinical point of view avermectins are considered the most suitable treatment alternative to moxidectin, given the similar spectrum of activity against internal and external parasitic species in cattle, sheep and horses. 
S kliničnega stališča so avermektini najprimernejša terapevtska alternativa moksidektinu, saj imajo podoben spekter delovanja proti notranjim in zunanjim vrstam parazitov pri govedu, ovcah in konjih.
In the context of marketing authorisation applications submitted to the German national competent authority, Bundesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit, under Article 13 of Directive 2001/82/EC as amended, i.e., a generic application, for veterinary medicinal products containing moxidectin, as pour-on solution for cattle, a study on bioaccumulation was provided. 
V okviru vloge za pridobitev dovoljenja za promet z zdravilom, predložene nemškemu pristojnemu nacionalnemu organu, Bundesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit, v skladu s členom 13 Direktive 2001/82/ES, kakor je bila spremenjena, tj. generične vloge, za zdravila za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki vsebujejo moksidektin, v obliki kožnega poliva, raztopine, za govedo, je bila predložena študija kopičenja v organizmih.
The worst-case DT50 was 296.6 days at 12 °C, extrapolated from 139 days at 20 °C in sandy soil. 
Najslabša vrednost DT50 je bila 296,6 dneva pri 12 °C, ekstrapolirana iz 139 dni pri 20 °C, v peščenih tleh.
• Faeces containing moxidectin excreted onto pasture by treated animals may temporarily reduce the abundance of dung feeding organisms. 
• Blato, ki vsebuje moksidektin in ga zdravljene živali izločijo na pašnik, lahko začasno zmanjša številčnost organizmov, ki se hranijo z gnojem.
The NOEC for bodyweight change, the most sensitive study endpoint, was established as 1 mg/kg. 
Vrednost NOEC za spremembo telesne mase, najobčutljivejši opazovani dogodek študije, so določili kot 1 mg/kg.
A comprehensive risk assessment for dung organisms was also provided, resulting in risk quotients (PEC/PNEC) of >5000 and >1000 for dung flies and dung beetles, respectively, indicating a risk for dung fauna. 
Predložena je bila tudi celovita ocena tveganja za organizme v gnoju, iz katere so pridobili količnik tveganja (PEC/PNEC) > 5 000 za jesensko muho in > 1 000 za iztrebkarja, kar pomeni, da obstaja tveganje za organizme v gnoju.
Further, a full secondary poisoning assessment was performed for moxidectin by dividing the Predicted Environmental Concentrationoral_predator by the Predicted No Effect Concentrationoral. 
Za moksidektin so opravili tudi celovito oceno sekundarne zastrupitve, tako da so delili predvideno koncentracijo v okoljuoralni_plenilec s predvideno koncentracijo brez učinkaperoralno.
A study with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was performed over 72 hours as limit test with 0.5 mg/l corresponding to a mean measured concentration of 0.11 mg/l. 
Študijo z algami Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata so izvedli v obdobju 72 ur kot mejni test s koncentracijo 0,5 mg/l, kar ustreza povprečni izmerjeni koncentraciji 0,11 mg/l.
The CVMP considered the results acceptable for use in the derivation of risk mitigation measures for the aquatic and sediment compartment. 
Odbor CVMP je preučil rezultate, ki so bili sprejemljivi za uporabo pri izpeljavi ukrepov za zmanjšanje tveganja za vodni in sedimentni ekosistem.
In the second study no effects on D. magna survival and reproduction were seen at a concentration of 10 ng/l over the test period. 
V drugi študiji v testnem obdobju učinkov na preživetje in razmnoževanje D. magna pri koncentraciji 10 ng/l niso opazili.
Concerning the assessment of persistence, the high adsorption of moxidectin onto solid particles, its metabolism and biotransformation and abiotic degradation via photolysis were considered, as well as the appropriateness of the transformation studies in soil. 
Pri ocenjevanju obstojnosti so upoštevali visoko adsorpcijo moksidektina na trdne delce, njegovo presnovo in biotransformacijo ter abiotsko razgradnjo s fotolizo in še ustreznost študij pretvorbe v tleh.
The bioconcentration factors (BCFs) at the various time intervals were calculated by dividing the fish [3H]-residue concentration (parent equivalents in mg/kg), by the nominal concentration (parent equivalents in mg/l) of [3H]-residues in the test medium. 
Biokoncentracijske faktorje (BCF) ob različnih časovnih intervalih so izračunali tako, da so delili koncentracijo [3H]-ostankov v ribah (ustrezna starševska vrednost v mg/kg) z nazivno koncentracijo (ustrezna starševska vrednost v mg/l) [3H]ostankov v testnem mediju.
The 21-day LC50 for parental mortality (based on immobilisation) was determined to be 0.028 μg/l, with complete mortality observed at the highest mean measured test concentration of 0.14 μg/l. 
21-dnevno vrednost LC50 za starševsko umrljivost (na podlagi imobilizacije) so določili kot 0,028 μg/l, celotno umrljivostjo pa so opazili pri najvišji povprečni izmerjeni testni koncentraciji 0,14 μg/l.
BCFKL = kinetic bioconcentration factor corrected for 5% lipid content 
BCFKL = kinetični biokoncentracijski faktor, korigiran na 5-odstotno vsebnost maščob
Additionally, the Committee recommended that the product information for the concerned products should include information on the hazard posed by moxidectin due to its PBT properties and advice to administer these products only when infestation is confirmed. 
Poleg tega je odbor priporočil, da se v informacije o zdravilu za zadevna zdravila vključijo informacije o nevarnosti moksidektina zaradi njegovih lastnosti PBT, in navodilo, naj se ta zdravila uporabljajo le, ko je infestacija potrjena.
The study was conducted over a 28-day post-hatch period under continuous flow conditions. 
Študijo so opravili v 28-dnevnem obdobju po izvalitvi v pretočnih pogojih.
While the BCF for moxidectin exceeds the established threshold for classification as a bioaccumulative substance, marketing authorisation holders argued that the metabolism studies in the target animals showed no indication of bioaccumulation, based on a steady decline of moxidectin levels in fat after treatment with half-lives of 9 days for muscle to 12-14 days for fat tissues. 
BCF za moksidektin presega uveljavljeno mejno vrednost za uvrstitev med snov, ki se kopiči v organizmih, vendar so imetniki dovoljenja za promet z zdravilom trdili, da v študijah presnove v ciljnih živalih niso našli znakov kopičenja v organizmih, in sicer na podlagi stalnega upadanja ravni moksidektina v maščobi po zdravljenju, z razpolovnima dobama 9 dni v mišicah in 12-14 dni v maščobnem tkivu.
Further PEC refinements were performed by the marketing authorisation holders for each concerned product and for all target animal species and routes of administration by application of the FOCUS models. 
Imetniki dovoljenj za promet z zdravilom so v nadaljevanju natančneje določili vrednosti PEC za vsako zadevno zdravilo ter za vse ciljne živalske vrste in poti uporabe, in sicer z uporabo modelov FOCUS.
Considering a DT50_soil of 222 days for 12 °C the PECsoil_plateau has been calculated to 6.15 µg/kg dry weight for the bi-annual application. 
Z upoštevanjem DT50_tla 222 dni pri 12 °C so izračunali, da je PECtla_konstantna_vrednost 6,15 µg/kg suhe teže pri uporabi dvakrat na leto.
The bioaccumulation study in fish was performed in accordance with the OECD guideline no. 3053 via aqueous exposure under flow-through conditions with continuous renewal of the test media at nominal [3H]-moxidectin concentrations of 0.00055 and 0.0011 μg/l (based on an acute LC50 (the concentration of a test substance which results in a 50% mortality of the test species) value of 0.11 µg/l). 
Študijo kopičenja v organizmih pri ribah so izvedli v skladu s smernico OECD št. 3053 prek izpostavljenosti v vodi pod pretočnimi pogoji s stalnim obnavljanjem preskusnega medija z nazivnima koncentracijama [3H]-moksidektina 0,00055 in 0,0011 μg/l (na osnovi akutne vrednosti LC50 (koncentracije testne snovi, ki povzroči 50-odstotno smrtnost testne vrste) 0,11 µg/l).
Veterinary medicinal products containing moxidectin as a sole active substance or in combination with another antiparasitic active substance(s) (e.g. triclabendazole or praziquatel) are widely used for the treatment and prevention of internal and external parasitic infections in foodproducing animals and companion animals. 
Zdravila za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki vsebujejo moksidektin kot edino zdravilno učinkovino ali v kombinaciji z drugo(-imi) antiparazitsko(-imi) zdravilno(-imi) učinkovino(-ami) (npr. triklabendazolom ali prazikantelom), se pogosto uporabljajo za zdravljenje in preprečevanje notranjih in zunanjih parazitskih infestacij pri živalih za proizvodnjo živil in hišnih živalih.
Clostridium chauvoei, Corynebacteriu m pseudotubercul osis 
Clostridium chauvoei, Corynebacteriu m pseudotubercul osis raztopina za injiciranje
It is noted that according to the CVMP reflection paper on the authorisation of VMPs containing PBT or vPvB substances (EMA/CVMP/448211/2015)17 further measures intended to ensure responsible use of antiparasitic veterinary medicinal products, for example, targeted selective treatment of individual animals on farm level, are considered to limit environmental exposure. 
V skladu z dokumentom o presoji odbora CVMP o pridobitvi dovoljenja za promet z zdravili za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki vsebujejo snovi PBT ali vPvB (EMA/CVMP/448211/2015),17 je treba za omejevanje izpostavljenosti okolja preučiti še druge ukrepe za zagotavljanje odgovorne uporabe antiparazitskih zdravil za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, na primer ciljno in selektivno zdravljenje posameznih živali na ravni kmetije.
Given the limited number of different classes of end-/ectoparasiticides and the responsible use principle requiring the use of substances of different classes of antiparasitics for the control of parasitoses in order to reduce the risk of resistance development, veterinary medicinal products containing moxidectin are considered an important therapeutic option. 
Glede na omejeno število različnih razredov endo-/ektoparaziticidov in načelo odgovorne uporabe, ki pri zatiranju parazitoz zahteva uporabo učinkovin iz različnih razredov antiparazitikov, da se zmanjša tveganje za razvoj odpornosti, veljajo zdravila za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki vsebujejo moksidektin, za pomembno terapevtsko možnost.
Like other macrocyclic lactones, moxidectin has the potential to adversely affect non-target organisms: 
Kot drugi makrociklični laktoni ima tudi moksidektin potencial, da negativno vpliva na neciljne organizme.
Zoetis Hungary Kft. 1123 Budapest Alkotás u. 53. 
Madžarska Zoetis Hungary Kft. 1123 Budapest
The Tier A studies have been performed according to OECD standard guidelines. 
Študije stopnje A so izvedli v skladu s standardnimi smernicami OECD.
Crustaceans (Water fleas) 
Raki (vodne bolhe)
One major degradation product (>10% of applied radioactivity) was observed in all four soils which reached mean maximum levels of 37.81%, 29.12%, 42.97% and 31.14% of applied radioactivity, respectively. 
V vseh štirih vrstah tal so opazili en večji produkt razgradnje (> 10 % dodane radioaktivnosti), ki je dosegel povprečne najvišje ravni dodane radioaktivnosti 37,81 %, 29,12 %, 42,97 % oziroma 31,14 %.
Additionally, data on faecal excretion were considered by the marketing authorisation holders for the justification of the proposed risk mitigation measures and warnings, respectively. 
Poleg tega so imetniki dovoljenj za promet z zdravilom pri utemeljitvi predlaganih ukrepov za zmanjšanje tveganja oziroma opozoril preučili tudi podatke o izločanju z blatom.
The marketing authorisation holders argued that under realistic conditions, aquatic exposure to moxidectin will be either unlikely or extremely low due to strong adsorption of moxidectin onto soil or will not be maintained longer than 24 hours due to rapid partitioning into sediment. 
Imetniki dovoljenj za promet z zdravilom so trdili, da je v realnih pogojih vodna izpostavljenost moksidektinu zelo malo verjetna ali izjemno majhna, in sicer zaradi močne adsorpcije moksidektina na tla, oziroma zaradi hitre porazdelitve v sediment ne bo trajala dlje kot 24 ur.
Like other macrocyclic lactones, moxidectin has the potential to adversely affect non-target organisms, in particular aquatic organisms and dung fauna. 
Kot drugi makrociklični laktoni ima tudi moksidektin potencial, da negativno vpliva na neciljne organizme, zlasti na vodne organizme in organizme v gnoju.
The CVMP considered the experimental study on bioaccumulation in fish in accordance with OECD guideline no. 305 the most appropriate and reliable reference for assessing the bioaccumulation potential of moxidectin. 
Odbor CVMP je presodil, da je eksperimentalna študija kopičenja v ribah v skladu s smernico OECD št. 305 najprimernejša in najzanesljivejša referenca za ocenjevanje potenciala moksidektina za kopičenje v organizmih.
Thus, the Committee recommended warning sentences to be added to the product information, taking account of the risk of toxic residues in dung to dung fauna. 
Zato je odbor priporočil, da se v informacije o zdravilu dodajo opozorilni stavki, da je treba upoštevati tveganje za ostanke v gnoju, ki so strupeni za organizme v gnoju.
The environmental profile of therapeutic alternatives including the group of macrocyclic lactones (ivermectin, abamectin, eprinomectin, and doramectin) and other groups of parasiticides such as organophosphates, synthetic pyrethroids and insect growth regulators has been considered based on available data. 
Na podlagi razpoložljivih podatkov je bil preučen okoljski profil drugih terapevtskih možnosti, vključno s skupino makrocikličnih laktonov (ivermektin, abamektin, eprinomektin in doramektin) ter drugih skupin paraziticidov, kot so organofosfati, sintetični piretroidi in regulatorji rasti insektov.
The degradation of [3H]-moxidectin was investigated under aerobic conditions at 20±2 ºC for 120 days in the dark, following application at a nominal rate of 0.01 mg/kg soil to four different types of soil (i.e. sandy loam, sand, clay loam and loam with organic carbon content of 1.0%, 0.4%, 2.0% and 4.5%, 
Razgradnjo [3H]moksidektina so preučevali pod aerobnimi pogoji pri 20 ± 2 ºC 120 dni v temi, po vnosu nazivne vsebnosti 0,01 mg/kg tal v štiri različne vrste tal (tj. peščeno-glinena, peščena, glineno-ilovnata in ilovnata z vsebnostjo organskega ogljika 1,0 %, 0,4 %, 2,0 % oziroma 4,5 % ter vsebnostjo vlage,
However, it has to be noted that other factors such as low moisture content also lead to reduced degradation. 
Treba je opozoriti, da na zmanjšano razgradnjo vplivajo tudi drugi dejavniki, na primer nizka vsebnost vlage.