natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The marketing authorisation holders presented an environmental risk assessment by: a) addressing measured soil concentrations of zinc in (Danish) soils - but not taking into consideration the contributing from the repeated (annual) load of zinc from non-aged pig slurry; and b) by combining two methods for incorporating bioavailability (the so called ‘added risk approach' together with the ‘bioavailability correction approach'), yet the combination of both is not supported by the CVMP. 
Imetnika dovoljenj za promet z zdravilom sta predstavila oceno tveganja za okolje z: (a) obravnavo izmerjenih koncentracij cinka v (danski) prsti, vendar brez upoštevanja prispevka ponavljajoče se (vsakoletne) obremenitve s cinkom iz nestarane prašičje gnojevke, in s (b) kombiniranjem dveh metod za vključitev biološke uporabnosti (t. i. „pristopa dodanega tveganja“, združenega s „pristopom popravka zaradi biološke uporabnosti“), vendar odbor CVMP te kombinacije ne odobrava.
• The aetiology of the observed diarrhoea was not established in most of studies submitted. 
• V večini predloženih študij ni bila ugotovljena etiologija opažene driske.
A risk was identified for all FOCUS sediment scenarios, at both loading rates and at each time point. 
Tveganje je bilo ugotovljeno pri vseh scenarijih modela FOCUS za sedimente, in sicer pri obeh stopnjah obremenitve in ob vseh časovnih točkah.
It should be noted that no information supporting a seven days administration of zinc oxide was available. 
Omeniti je treba, da podatki o sedemdnevnem dajanju cinkovega oksida niso bili na voljo.
Much of the text was focused on the health and growth benefits of zinc oxide. 
Precejšen del besedila se je osredotočal na pozitivne učinke cinkovega oksida na zdravje in rast.
The Committee's conclusions on the points raised in the marketing authorisation holders' scientific grounds are given below. 
Zaključki odbora CHMP glede točk, ki so jih izpostavili imetniki dovoljenj za promet z zdravilom, so navedeni v nadaljevanju.
21 Forum for Co-ordination of Pesticide Fate Models and their Use (FOCUS) - link 
21 Forum for Co-ordination of Pesticide Fate Models and their Use (FOCUS) - link podtalnica in površinske vode), zato je ta tveganja treba obvladati.
The CVMP cannot support the claim by the marketing authorisation holder stating that determining the environmental risks should be based on consideration of the conditions in Germany only, as the products are nationally authorised in this Member State only. 
Prav tako ne more sprejeti trditve imetnika dovoljenja za promet z zdravilom, da je treba tveganja za okolje določati samo z upoštevanjem razmer v Nemčiji, saj sta zdravili odobreni po nacionalnem postopku samo v tej državi članici.
Zinc does not degrade in the environment, and a zinc load in the environment, once established, is difficult to remedy with existing technologies. 
Cink se v okolju ne razgradi in obremenitev okolja s cinkom je z obstoječimi tehnologijami težko odpraviti.
Overall summary of the scientific evaluation of veterinary medicinal products containing zinc oxide to be administered orally to food producing species (see Annex I) 
Splošni povzetek znanstvenega vrednotenja zdravil za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki vsebujejo cinkov oksid, za peroralno dajanje vrstam za proizvodnjo živil (glejte Prilogo I)
The combination of a conservative PNEC (not accounting for bioavailability) and PEC may result in an overestimate of the risk due to zinc in sediments. 
Kombinacija konservativne ocene vrednosti PNEC (ki ne upošteva biološke uporabnosti) in PEC lahko privede do precenjenega tveganja zaradi cinka v sedimentih.
However, while the marketing authorisation holder claims a lower exposure and annual load from their products compared to other zinc oxide veterinary medicines, they have not submitted data supporting a quantitative risk assessment, and have not considered that, while their conclusion on a limited environmental release of zinc oxide was estimated from the use of these products on 3-4 week old piglets (7-8 kg), the claim for their products is for pigs up to 40 kg/bw, and treating heavier pigs would also increase the environmental load. 
Čeprav imetnik dovoljenja za promet z zdravilom trdi, da njegovi zdravili povzročata manjšo izpostavljenost in letno obremenitev kot druga zdravila za uporabo v veterinarski medicini s cinkovim oksidom, ni predložil podatkov, ki bi podpirali količinsko oceno tveganja, in ni upošteval, da njegov zaključek o omejenem sproščanju cinkovega oksida v okolje temelji na oceni uporabe teh zdravil pri prašičkih, starih 3-4 tedne (7-8 kg); njegovi zdravili sta po navedbi namenjeni prašičem, težkim do 40 kg, zdravljenje težjih prašičev pa bi povečalo obremenitev okolja.
Additionally, as the IDMM has been taken into consideration for the EFSA assessment of zinc exposure, it may also be considered relevant for the assessment of veterinary medicinal products in terms of environmental exposure assessment. 
Ker je bil model IDMM upoštevan pri oceni izpostavljenosti cinku, ki jo je opravila agencija EFSA, se lahko šteje za ustreznega tudi za oceno zdravil za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, kar zadeva oceno izpostavljenosti okolja.
The information provided indicates that there are errors and these are more pronounced for the sediment compartment and at low loadings. 
Predloženi podatki kažejo, da so prisotne napake, ki so še izrazitejše pri ekosistemu sedimentov in manjših obremenitvah.
The specific action (on some pathogens) or unspecific action (local action on the digestive tract) is thus not yet fully elucidated. 
Zato ni popolnoma jasno, ali gre za specifično delovanje (na določene patogene) ali nespecifično delovanje (lokalno delovanje na prebavila).
In order to better indicate the risks posed at application rates considered particularly relevant by the use of Gutal of 8.2 kg zinc ha-1 y-1, 7.2 kg zinc ha-1 a-1, 3.3 kg zinc ha-1 a-1 and 2.8 kg zinc ha-1 a-1, RQs have been extrapolated (linearly) from application rates of 4 and 7 kg zinc ha-1 a-1. 
Da bi bolje prikazali tveganja, ki jih predstavljajo odmerki, ki se štejejo za zelo pomembne pri uporabi zdravila Gutal, tj. cink v odmerkih 8,2 kg ha-1 l-1, 7,2 kg ha-1 l-1, 3,3 kg ha-1 l-1 in 2,8 kg ha-1 l-1, so bili količniki (linearno) ekstrapolirani iz odmerkov cinka 4 in 7 kg ha-1 l-1.
The proposed indication of the combined product is for treatment, but no clinical data to support the use of zinc oxide in the treatment of diarrhoea (i.e. in presence of the disease at the initiation of zinc oxide administration - infection already confirmed in the herd) was available. 
Predlagana indikacije kombiniranega zdravila je namenjena zdravljenju, vendar ni bilo na voljo kliničnih podatkov, ki bi podpirali uporabo cinkovega oksida pri zdravljenju driske (tj. v prisotnosti bolezni ob uvedbi dajanja cinkovega oksida - potrjena okužba v čredi).
Scarce data have been presented on the potential effect of using zinc oxide in the reduction of use of antibiotics and therefore no conclusions can be made in this regard. 
O morebitnih učinkih uporabe cinkovega oksida pri zmanjševanju uporabe antibiotikov je bilo predstavljenih le malo podatkov, zato v zvezi s tem ni mogoče sprejeti zaključkov.
Zinc oxide is considered to be beneficial for the prevention of post-weaning diarrhoea (i.e. reduction in the incidence of diarrhoea during the post-weaning period) in piglets. 
Cinkov oksid se šteje za koristnega pri preprečevanju driske po odstavitvi (tj. zmanjšanju pojavnosti driske v obdobju odstavitve) pri prašičkih.
Although this is in line with the criteria set out by the CVMP reflection paper on risk mitigation measures, it might be difficult not only in instances where there may not be the possibility to apply treated manure on different areas of land, but also because of the trade on manure between EU Member States and possibility for manure containing high concentrations of zinc oxide being used in susceptible soil types. 
Čeprav je to v skladu z merili iz dokumenta o presoji odbora CVMP o ukrepih za zmanjšanje tveganja, je to lahko težavno ne le v primerih, ko gnoja zdravljenih živali ni mogoče vnesti na različne dele zemljišča, temveč tudi zaradi trgovine z gnojem med državami članicami in možnosti, da se gnoj, ki vsebuje visoke koncentracije cinkovega oksida, uporabi v občutljivih vrstah tal.
The CVMP acknowledges that a fraction of the zinc added in soil through manure applications will be taken up by plants and can be mineralised and be sequestrated in soil particles and is thus unavailable. 
Odbor CVMP priznava, da bodo določen delež cinka, vnesen v tla z gnojenjem, privzele rastline ter da se bo mineraliziral in uskladiščil v delcih prsti in tako ne bo uporaben.
The CVMP does not accept these arguments, where the marketing authorisation holder's products have the same proportional risk for selecting antimicrobial resistant bacteria as zinc oxide mono-products. 
Odbor CVMP teh utemeljitev ne sprejema, saj imata zdravili imetnika dovoljenja za promet z zdravilom enako sorazmerno tveganje za selekcijo bakterij s protimikrobno odpornostjo kot zdravila, ki vsebujejo samo cinkov oksid.
Overall, of the bibliographic references provided by the marketing authorisation holders there were issues with the study designs that preclude support of 2500 ppm zinc oxide in feed for 14 days post-weaning as described in the approved indications. 
Pri bibliografskih referencah, ki sta jih predložila imetnika dovoljenj za promet z zdravilom, so bile težave z zasnovo študij, ki izključujejo dodajanje 2 500 ppm cinkovega oksida v krmo v obdobju 14 dni po odstavitvi, kot je opisano v odobrenih indikacijah.
Overall, it is apparent that the long-term, continual use of zinc-containing veterinary medicinal products will result in a gradual net input of zinc to the environment. 
Na splošno je očitno, da dolgotrajna stalna uporaba zdravil za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki vsebujejo cink, privede do postopnega neto vnosa cinka v okolje.
Additionally, as the model was not made available to the CVMP, the relevance of the default input parameters could not be assessed and the model could not be run using data on specific application rates for zinc. 
Ker model odboru CVMP ni bil na voljo, ni bilo mogoče oceniti ustreznosti privzetih vhodnih parametrov niti ni bilo mogoče uporabiti modela z uporabo podatkov o odmerkih, značilnih za cink.
Data indicates that the annual application of manure coming from farms where animals are treated with veterinary products containing zinc oxide, results in the gradual and continuous increase of zinc in soil, water and sediment systems. 
Podatki kažejo, da letni vnos gnoja, ki prihaja s kmetij, na katerih živali zdravijo z zdravili za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki vsebujejo cinkov oksid, povzroča postopno in stalno povečevanje cinka v tleh, vodi in sedimentih.
The study showed that feed to which 2.5% acid was added in combination with 2500 ppm zinc during the first 14 days post-weaning significantly reduced the prevalence of diarrhoea and the mortality of piglets. 
Študija je pokazala, da je krma, v katero so v prvih 14 dneh po odstavitvi v kombinaciji z 2 500 ppm cinka dodajali 2,5-odstotno kislino, značilno zmanjšala prevalenco driske in umrljivost prašičkov.
The conclusion of this study was that adding 2400 ppm zinc (as zinc oxide) for 14 days after weaning reduces the incidence of diarrhoea. 
Zaključek te študije je, da dodajanje 2 400 ppm cinka (v obliki cinkovega dioksida) 14 dni po odstavitvi zmanjša pojavnost driske.
Therefore, exposure using application rates that are considered relevant from the use of zinc containing veterinary medicinal products are calculated from the pre-defined loading rates of the IDMM. 
Zato se izpostavljenost z uporabo odmerkov, ki veljajo za pomembne pri uporabi zdravil za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki vsebujejo cink, izračuna na podlagi vnaprej določenih stopenj obremenitve v modelu IDMM.
Several of the publications submitted in support of the dose were not relevant since the investigations either focused on the growth benefits of zinc oxide or clinical trials combining both zinc oxide and antimicrobials. 
Več objav, predloženih v podporo odmerka, ni bilo ustreznih, saj so bile raziskave osredotočene na pozitivne učinke cinkovega oksida na rast ali pa so bila klinična preskušanja opravljena s kombinacijo cinkovega oksida in protimikrobnih učinkovin.
However, the potential reduction in antimicrobial use secondary to zinc oxide use is not considered to qualify as an 'additional benefit' in this case. 
Vendar se morebitna manjša uporaba protimikrobnih učinkovin zaradi uporabe cinkovega oksida v tem primeru ne šteje za dodatno korist.
The results of the environmental risk assessment for Gutal reflect the conclusion from EFSA on zinc i.e. there is a potential environmental concern related to the aquatic compartment (including sediment), with acidic, sandy, well-drained soils being most vulnerable to these processes. 
Rezultati ocene tveganja za okolje za zdravilo Gutal izražajo zaključke agencije EFSA glede cinka, tj. da obstaja morebitno tveganje za okolje, povezano z vodnim ekosistemom (vključno s sedimenti), pri čemer so za te procese najbolj občutljiva kisla, peščena tla z dobrim odvodnjavanjem.
Zinc supplementation may also directly influence the antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacteria via other mechanisms based on work in E. coli (Bednortz C. et al., 2013)26. 
Dodajanje cinka lahko tudi neposredno vpliva na profile protimikrobne odpornosti bakterij prek drugih mehanizmov, kot kažejo raziskave E. coli (Bednortz C.
However, this would just delay the total zinc accumulation in the environment (i.e. the time when PEC will exceed PNECs), but given the nature of zinc risk mitigation measures cannot guarantee that they can effectively eliminate short term (2020) risks identified in the risk assessment. 
Vendar bi s tem samo odložili kopičenje skupnega cinka v okolju (tj. podaljšali čas, ko bo vrednost PEC presegala vrednosti PNEC), vendar glede na naravo ukrepov za zmanjšanje tveganja zaradi cinka ni mogoče zagotoviti, da bi s temi ukrepi učinkovito odpravili kratkoročna tveganja (do leta 2020), ugotovljena v oceni tveganja.
Following the CVMP opinion of 8 December 2016 on this referral procedure, several marketing authorisation holders (aniMedica GmbH, Huvepharma N.V., DSM Nutritional Products (UK) Ltd., Provimi Ltd., Andrés Pintaluba S.A., Bio Vet Aps, Calier Portugal S.A., Dunavet-B Zrt., Industrial Veterinaria S.A., Laboratorios Calier S.A., Laboratorios Support Pharma S.L., S.C. Crida Pharm S.R.L., ScanVet Animal Health A/S, Sintofarm S.p.A, Tekro, spol. 
Na podlagi mnenja odbora CVMP z dne 8. decembra 2016 o tem napotitvenem postopku je več imetnikov dovoljenj za promet z zdravilom (aniMedica GmbH, Huvepharma N.V., DSM Nutritional Products (UK) Ltd., Provimi Ltd., Andrés Pintaluba S.A., Bio Vet Aps, Calier Portugal S.A., DunavetB Zrt., Industrial Veterinaria S.A., Laboratorios Calier S.A., Laboratorios Support Pharma S.L., S.C. Crida Pharm S.R.L., ScanVet Animal Health A/S, Sintofarm S.p.A, Tekro, spol.
No data from proprietary or published studies are available to support the efficacy of zinc oxide for the treatment of post-weaning diarrhoea in piglets. 
Na voljo ni podatkov iz lastniških ali objavljenih študij, ki bi podpirali učinkovitost cinkovega oksida pri zdravljenju driske po odstavitvi pri prašičkih.
This increase in zinc concentrations in soil and consequent risks identified for selected compartments is established in this assessment only considering exposure of zinc coming from veterinary products. 
To povečanje koncentracije cinka v tleh in posledična tveganja za izbrane ekosisteme so v tej oceni ugotovljeni le z upoštevanjem izpostavljenosti cinku, ki izhaja iz zdravil za uporabo v veterinarski medicini.
However, the marketing authorisation holders argue that additional risk mitigation measures could be considered to reduce or limit emission of zinc oxide to the environment from the use of pig manure, but did not propose any additional risk mitigation measures. 
Trdijo sicer, da bi lahko razmislili o dodatnih ukrepih za zmanjšanje tveganja, s katerimi bi zmanjšali ali omejili emisije cinkovega oksida v okolje zaradi uporabe prašičjega gnoja, vendar niso predlagali dodatnih ukrepov za zmanjšanje tveganja.
This Danish national monitoring study confirms the results obtained with the IDMM and CVMP guidelines that the use of veterinary medicinal products containing zinc oxide leads to a significant increase in the soil zinc concentrations (and such is ultimately reflected in water concentrations). 
Danska nacionalna študija spremljanja potrjuje rezultate, dobljene z modelom IDMM, in smernice odbora CVMP, da uporaba zdravil za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki vsebujejo cinkov oksid, povzroči pomembno povečano koncentracijo cinka v tleh (kar se ne nazadnje izraža v koncentracijah v vodi).
The results indicate that for both clay and sandy soils a risk is identified using added-risk approach, with PEC values being above the PNECsoil of 26 mg/kg. 
Rezultati, dobljeni z uporabo pristopa dodanega tveganja, kažejo na tveganje v glinenih in peščenih tleh, pri čemer vrednosti PEC presegajo vrednost PNECtla , ki je 26 mg/kg.
D-48308 Senden-Bösensell Germany aniMedica Enteroxid N Zinc oxide Colistin sulfate 
D-48308 Senden-Bösensell Germany aniMedica Enteroxid N cinkov oksid kolistinijev sulfat
However, differences between the 2500 ppm and the 4000 ppm groups were not observed in this respect. 
Pri tem ni bilo razlik med skupinama, ki sta prejemali 2 500 ppm ali 4 000 ppm cinka.
Yet, for higher application rates than those reported using the IDMM (EFSA, 2012)20 extrapolation is required, and the relationship between the zinc loading rate and the PEC values calculated by the IDMM is not linear, which could question the validity of the extrapolated PECs at the highest zinc application rates. 
Vendar je pri odmerkih, večjih od odmerkov, o katerih so poročali pri uporabi modela IDMM (EFSA, 2012),20 potrebna ekstrapolacija, povezava med stopnjo obremenitve s cinkom in vrednostmi PEC, izračunanimi z modelom IDMM, pa ni linearna, kar lahko povzroča pomisleke glede veljavnosti ekstrapoliranih vrednosti PEC pri največjih odmerkih cinka.
No study was provided to demonstrate the efficacy for the treatment of post-weaning diarrhoeas in piglets. 
Predložena ni bila nobena študija, ki bi dokazala učinkovitost pri zdravljenju driske po odstavitvi pri prašičkih.
The CVMP notes that after further considerations regarding the current EU rules and Good Agricultural Practice on manure spreading, and how the target animals are kept and how manure is be managed, the initially suggested risk mitigation measures would slow down the accumulation of zinc in each compartment. 
Odbor CVMP se strinja, da bi po nadaljnji preučitvi veljavnih pravil EU in dobre kmetijske prakse o gnojenju ter o nastanitvi ciljnih živali in ravnanju z gnojem prvotno predlagani ukrepi za zmanjšanje tveganja upočasnili kopičenje cinka v posameznem ekosistemu.
Therefore, the continued beneficial effect of zinc oxide after cessation of treatment remains unclear. 
Posledično še vedno ni jasno, ali so trajni pozitivni učinki cinkovega oksida prisotni tudi po prenehanju zdravljenja.
In conclusion the combination of zinc oxide and sulfaguanidine is not justified. 
Zaključili so, da kombinacija cinkovega oksida in sulfagvanidina ni utemeljena.
Report to the European Food Safety Authority - link 20 EFSA Scientific Opinion on safety and efficacy of zinc compounds (E6) as feed additive for all animal species: Zinc oxide, based on a dossier submitted by Grillo Zinkoxid GmbH/EMFEMA - link validation of the IDMM has been performed by the comparison of model predictions against published monitoring data for zinc applications. 
Report to the European Food Safety Authority - link 20 EFSA Scientific Opinion on safety and efficacy of zinc compounds (E6) as feed additive for all animal species: Zinc oxide, based on a dossier submitted by Grillo Zinkoxid GmbH/EMFEMA - link ni boljše možnosti, velja, da se lahko z modelom IDMM pridobi smiselna ocena tveganja za okolje, ki jo pomeni uporaba zdravila Gutal ali drugega zdravila za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki vsebuje cink.
The study was performed on 260 piglets from 36 litters weaned at the age of 28 days and assigned, according to initial body weight and the litter of origin, to one of six treatment groups: 0 ppm zinc, 100 ppm zinc; 200 ppm zinc; 1000 ppm zinc; 2500 ppm zinc and 4000 ppm zinc. 
Študijo so izvedli na 260 prašičkih iz 36 legel, ki so jih odstavili pri starosti 28 dni in nato glede na začetno telesno maso in izvorno leglo razdelili v šest skupin zdravljenja: 0 ppm cinka, 100 ppm cinka, 200 ppm cinka, 1 000 ppm cinka, 2 500 ppm cinka in 4 000 ppm cinka.
Therefore the information submitted by those marketing authorisation holders at the stage of reexamination was taken into consideration in order to safeguard their rights. 
Zato so se pri ponovni preučitvi upoštevali podatki, ki sta jih predložila navedena imetnika dovoljenja za promet z zdravilom, in sicer za zaščito njunih pravic.
Although there were uncertainties in both PEC and PNEC calculations on environmental compartments, the overall risk assessment was viewed as conservative and as a result various risk mitigation measures were proposed, which were anticipated to reduce the accumulation of zinc in the environment. 
Kljub negotovostim pri izračunavanju vrednosti PEC in PNEC v ekosistemih je splošna ocena tveganja obveljala za konservativno, zato so bili predlagani različni ukrepi za zmanjšanje tveganja, ki naj bi predvidoma zmanjšali kopičenje cinka v okolju.
• the CVMP acknowledged that there is a risk of co-selection for resistance associated with the use of zinc oxide, but at the present time, that risk is not quantifiable; 
• odbor CVMP je priznal, da obstaja tveganje za koselekcijo odpornosti, povezano z uporabo cinkovega oksida, vendar trenutno tega tveganja ni mogoče količinsko opredeliti;
Effect assessment 
Ocena učinka
The marketing authorisation holders, while acknowledging that there is a risk to the environment due to accumulation of zinc, are proposing to collect data on the sale and consumption of veterinary medicinal products containing zinc oxide within the ESVAC activity, as it is already done with antibiotics, as such data would help to further investigate the use and consequent environmental impact of zinc oxide when used as a veterinary medicinal product. 
Imetniki dovoljenj za promet z zdravilom sicer priznavajo, da zaradi kopičenja cinka obstaja tveganje za okolje, vendar v okviru dejavnosti ESVAC predlagajo zbiranje podatkov o prodaji in porabi zdravil za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki vsebujejo cinkov oksid, kot se že izvaja za antibiotike, saj bi takšni podatki pripomogli k nadaljnji preučitvi uporabe cinkovega oksida kot zdravila za uporabo v veterinarski medicini in njegovega posledičnega vpliva na okolje.
The CVMP was requested to review all available data and to evaluate the overall benefit-risk balance of the products concerned in order to determine the benefits associated with the use of zinc oxide in food producing species and also the risks for the environment and risks of (co-)selection of resistance genes. 
Odbor CVMP je bil zaprošen, naj pregleda vse razpoložljive podatke in ovrednoti splošno razmerje med tveganji in koristmi za zadevna zdravila ter tako ugotovi koristi, povezane z uporabo cinkovega oksida pri vrstah za proizvodnjo živil, ter tveganja za okolje in (ko)selekcijo genov za odpornost.