natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
2.7.2 Criteria of the Court 28 
2.7.2 Merila Sodišča 28
2.7.3 Office practice 29 
2.7.3 Praksa Urada 29
2.7.3.1 Additions 30 
2.7.3.1 Dodatki 30
2.7.3.2 Omissions 38 
2.7.3.2 Opustitve 38
2.7.3.3 Other alterations 42 
2.7.3.3 Druge spremembe 42
2.8 Use for the goods or services for which the mark is registered 49 
2.8 Uporaba za blago ali storitve, za katere je znamka registrirana 49
2.8.1 Comparison between goods/services used and specification of goods/services 50 
2.8.1 Primerjava uporabljenega blaga/storitev in njihova specifikacija 50
2.8.2 Relevance of the classification 51 
2.8.2 Pomen razvrstitve 51
2.8.3 Use and registration for general indications in ‘class headings' 52 
2.8.3 Uporaba in registracija za splošne označbe v naslovih razredov 52
2.8.4 Use for subcategories of goods/services and similar goods/services 52 
2.8.4 Uporaba za podkategorije blaga/storitev in podobnega blaga/storitev 52
2.8.4.1 Earlier mark registered for broad category of goods/services 52 
2.8.4.1 Prejšnja znamka, registrirana za široko kategorijo blaga/storitev 52
2.8.4.2 Earlier mark registered for precisely specified goods/services 54 
2.8.4.2 Prejšnja znamka, registrirana za natančno opredeljeno blago/storitve 54
2.8.4.3 Examples 54 
2.8.4.3 Primeri 54
2.8.5 Use of the mark as regards integral parts and after-sales services of the registered goods 57 
2.8.5 Uporaba znamke v zvezi s sestavnimi deli in poprodajnimi storitvami registriranega blaga 57
2.9 Use by the proprietor or on its behalf 58 
2.9 Uporaba s strani imetnika ali v njegovem imenu 58
2.9.1 Use by the proprietor 58 
2.9.1 Uporaba s strani imetnika 58
2.9.2 Use by authorised third parties 58 
2.9.2 Uporaba s strani pooblaščenih tretjih oseb 58
2.9.3 Use of collective and certification marks by authorised users 59 
2.9.3 Uporaba kolektivnih in certifikacijskih znamk s strani pooblaščenih uporabnikov 59
2.11 Justification of non-use 59 
2.11 Utemeljitev neuporabe 59
2.11.1 Business risks 60 
2.11.1 Poslovna tveganja 60
2.11.2 Government or court intervention 60 
2.11.2 Vladni poseg ali poseg sodišča 60
2.11.3 Defensive registrations 62 
2.11.3 Obrambne registracije 62
2.11.4 Force majeure 62 
2.11.4 Višja sila 62
2.11.5 Consequences of justification of non-use 62 
2.11.5 Posledice utemeljitve neuporabe 62
3 Procedure 62 
3 Postopek 62
3.1 Admissibility of the request for proof of use 62 
3.1 Dopustnost zahteve za dokaz o uporabi 62
3.1.1 Time of request 63 
3.1.1 Čas zahteve 63
3.1.2 Earlier mark registered for not less than 5 years 63 
3.1.2 Prejšnja znamka, registrirana najmanj pet let 63
3.1.2.1 Earlier EUTMs 63 
3.1.2.1 Prejšnje blagovne znamke EU 63
3.1.2.2 Earlier national marks 63 
3.1.2.2 Prejšnje nacionalne znamke 63
3.1.2.3 Earlier international registrations designating a Member State 64 
3.1.2.3 Prejšnje mednarodne registracije, v katerih je imenovana država članica 64
3.1.2.4 Earlier international registrations designating the European Union 66 
3.1.2.4 Prejšnje mednarodne registracije, v katerih je imenovana Evropska unija 66
3.1.2.5 Summary of calculation of the grace period 66 
3.1.2.5 Povzetek izračuna odložnega roka 66
3.1.3 Request must be unconditional, explicit and unambiguous 66 
3.1.3 Zahteva mora biti brezpogojna, izrecna in nedvoumna 66
3.1.4 Applicant's interest to deal with proof of use first 67 
3.1.4 Interes prijavitelja, da se najprej obravnava dokaz o uporabi 68
3.1.5 Reaction if request is invalid 68 
3.1.5 Odziv v primeru neveljavne zahteve 68
3.2 Express invitation by the Office 68 
3.2 Izrecni poziv Urada 68
3.3 Reaction from the opponent: providing proof of use 69 
3.3 Odziv vložnika ugovora: predložitev dokaza o uporabi 69
3.3.1 Time limit for providing proof of use 69 
3.3.1 Rok za predložitev dokaza o uporabi 69
3.3.2 Means of evidence 70 
3.3.2 Dokazi 70
3.3.2.2 References 72 
3.3.2.2 Sklicevanja 72
3.4 Reaction from the applicant 75 
3.4 Odziv prijavitelja 75
3.4.1 Forwarding of evidence 75 
3.4.1 Posredovanje dokazov 75
3.4.2 No evidence or no relevant evidence submitted 75 
3.4.2 Dokazi niso predloženi oziroma predloženi dokazi niso ustrezni 75
3.4.3 No reaction from applicant 76 
3.4.3 Nobenega odziva od prijavitelja 75
3.4.4 Formal withdrawal of the request 76 
3.4.4 Formalni umik zahteve 75
3.5 Further reaction from the opponent 76 
3.5 Nadaljnji odziv vložnika ugovora 76
3.6 Languages in proof of use proceedings 76 
3.6 Jeziki v postopkih v zvezi z dokazom o uporabi 76
3.7 Decision 77 
3.7 Odločba 77
3.7.1 Competence of the Office 77 
3.7.1 Pristojnost Urada 77
3.7.2 Need for assessing proof of use 78 
3.7.2 Potreba po presoji dokaza o uporabi 77
3.7.3 Overall assessment of the evidence presented 78 
3.7.3 Celovita presoja predloženih dokazov 78
3.7.4 Treatment of confidential information 79 
3.7.4 Obravnavanje zaupnih informacij 78
3.7.5 Examples 79 
3.7.5 Primeri 79
3.7.5.1 Genuine use accepted 80 
3.7.5.1 Sprejeta resna in dejanska uporaba 79
3.7.5.2 Genuine use not accepted 81 
3.7.5.2 Zavrnjena resna in dejanska uporaba 80
Annex: 5year period for assessing use of national trade marks 83 
Priloga: Petletno obdobje za presojo uporabe nacionalnih blagovnih znamk 82
Guidelines for Examination in the Office, Part C, Opposition Page 40 
Smernice za preizkušanje v Uradu, del C, Ugovor stran 85
1 General Considerations 
Splošni premisleki
1.1 Function of proof of use 
Funkcija dokaza o uporabi
European Union legislation on trade marks establishes an obligation for the owner of a registered trade mark to use that mark in a genuine manner. 
V zakonodaji Evropske unije je glede blagovnih znamk določena obveznost imetnika registrirane blagovne znamke, da navedeno znamko uporablja resno in dejansko.
The obligation of use is not applicable immediately after registration of the earlier mark. 
Obveznost uporabe se ne začne takoj po registraciji prejšnje znamke.
Instead, the owner of a registered mark has a ‘grace period' of 5 years, during which it is not necessary to demonstrate use of the mark in order to rely upon it - including in opposition proceedings before the Office. 
Namesto tega ima imetnik registrirane znamke na voljo petletni odložni rok, v katerem mu ni treba dokazati uporabe znamke, da se lahko nanjo sklicuje - tudi v postopku ugovora pred Uradom.
After this grace period, the owner may be required to demonstrate use of the earlier mark for the relevant goods and services. 
Po tem odložnem roku se lahko od imetnika zahteva, da dokaže uporabo prejšnje znamke za zadevno blago in storitve.
Before this period lapses, the mere formal registration gives the mark full protection. 
Pred iztekom tega obdobja je znamka v celoti zaščitena le na podlagi formalne registracije.
The reason behind the requirement that earlier marks can be required to demonstrate that they have been put to genuine use is to restrict the number of trade marks registered and protected and, consequently, the number of conflicts between them (12/03/2003, T174/01, Silk Cocoon, EU:T:2003:68, § 38). 
Od imetnika prejšnje znamke se lahko zahteva, naj dokaže njeno resno in dejansko uporabo, da se omeji število registriranih in zaščitenih blagovnih znamk ter posledično število sporov med njimi (12/03/2003, T174/01, Silk Cocoon, EU:T:2003:68, § 38).
When it comes to the requirement to prove use in opposition proceedings before the Office, it is important to bear in mind that the purpose of Article 47(2) and (3) EUTMR is not to assess commercial success or to review the economic strategy of an undertaking, nor is it to restrict trade-mark protection to only large-scale commercial use of the marks (08/07/2004, T334/01, Hipoviton, EU:T:2004:223, § 32; 08/07/2004, T203/02, Vitafruit, EU:T:2004:225, § 38). 
V zvezi z zahtevo, da je treba v postopku ugovora pred Uradom dokazati uporabo, je treba upoštevati, da namen člena 47(2) in (3) Uredbe o blagovni znamki EU ni niti presoja poslovnega uspeha ali pregled poslovne strategije podjetja niti pridržanje varstva blagovnih znamk samo za njihovo količinsko obsežno komercialno uporabo (08/07/2004, T334/01, Hipoviton, EU:T:2004:223, § 32; 08/07/2004, T203/02, Vitafruit, EU:T:2004:225, § 38).
The Office does not inquire ex officio whether the earlier mark has been used. 
Urad po uradni dolžnosti ne preiskuje, ali se je prejšnja znamka uporabljala.
Such examination takes place only when the EUTM applicant makes an explicit request for proof of use. 
Takšno preverjanje poteka le, kadar prijavitelj blagovne znamke EU vloži izrecno zahtevo za dokaz o uporabi.
Such a request, if the legal requirements are met, triggers the procedural and substantive consequences laid down in the EUTMR, EUTMDR and EUTMIR. 
Če so izpolnjene pravne zahteve, takšna zahteva sproži postopkovne in materialne posledice iz Uredbe o blagovni znamki EU, Delegirane uredbe in Izvedbene uredbe.
1.2 Legislative framework 
Zakonodajni okvir
The legislative framework consists of provisions of the EUTMR, the EUTMDR, the EUTMIR and Directive (EU) 2015/2436 approximating the laws of the Member States relating to trade marks (the Directive), as implemented in the national law of the Member States. 
Zakonodajni okvir zajema določbe Uredbe o blagovni znamki EU, Delegirane uredbe, Izvedbene uredbe in Direktive (EU) 2015/2436 o približevanju zakonodaje držav članic v zvezi z blagovnimi znamkami (v nadaljnjem besedilu: Direktiva), kot se izvajajo v nacionalnem pravu držav članic.
[2: Directive (EU) 2015/2436 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2015 to approximate the laws of the Member States relating to trade marks] 
[2: Direktiva (EU) 2015/2436 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 16. decembra 2015 o približevanju zakonodaje držav članic v zvezi z blagovnimi znamkami.]
1.2.1 EUTMR, EUTMDR and EUTMIR 
Uredba o blagovni znamki EU, Delegirana uredba in Izvedbena uredba
1.2.1.1 Article 18 EUTMR - obligation to use registered marks 
Člen 18 Uredbe o blagovni znamki EU - obveznost uporabe registriranih blagovnih znamk
Article 18 EUTMR stipulates the basic substantive requirement for the obligation to use registered marks. 
Člen 18 Uredbe o blagovni znamki EU določa temeljno vsebinsko zahtevo za obveznost uporabe registriranih blagovnih znamk.
It reads as follows: 
Ta člen določa:
If, within a period of five years following registration, the proprietor has not put the EU trade mark to genuine use in the Union in connection with the goods or services in respect of which it is registered, or if such use has been suspended during an uninterrupted period of five years, the EU trade mark shall be subject to the sanctions provided for in this Regulation, unless there are proper reasons for non-use. 
Če v obdobju petih let po registraciji imetnik ni začel resno in dejansko uporabljati blagovne znamke EU v Uniji za blago ali storitve, za katere jo je registriral, ali če je bila takšna uporaba prekinjena v obdobju petih zaporednih let, se za blagovno znamko EU uporabljajo sankcije iz te Uredbe, razen če obstajajo upravičeni razlogi za neuporabo.
According to Article 18(1)(a) and (b) EUTMR, use of the EUTM in a form differing in elements that do not alter the distinctive character of the mark in the form in which it was registered, regardless of whether or not the trade mark in the form as used is also registered in the name of the proprietor, and the affixing of the EUTM to goods or to the packaging thereof in the European Union solely for export purposes, also constitute use within the meaning of Article 18(1) EUTMR. 
V skladu s členom 18(1)(a) in (b) Uredbe o blagovni znamki EU se za uporabo v smislu člena 18(1) Uredbe o blagovni znamki EU štejeta tudi uporaba blagovne znamke EU v obliki, ki se razlikuje v elementih, ki ne spreminjajo razlikovalnega značaja znamke v obliki, v kateri je bila registrirana, ne glede na to, ali je blagovna znamka v obliki, v kateri se uporablja, tudi registrirana v imenu imetnika, in namestitev blagovne znamke EU na blago ali njegovo embalažo v Evropski uniji zgolj za potrebe izvoza.
According to Article 18(2) EUTMR, use of the EUTM with the consent of the proprietor will be deemed to constitute use by the proprietor. 
V skladu s členom 18(2) Uredbe o blagovni znamki EU se šteje, da uporaba blagovne znamke EU s soglasjem imetnika pomeni uporabo s strani imetnika.
1.2.1.2 Article 47 EUTMR - consequences of lack of use 
Člen 47 Uredbe o blagovni znamki EU - posledice neuporabe
The consequences of a lack of use in opposition proceedings are dealt with in Article 47(2) and (3) EUTMR. 
Posledice neuporabe v postopku ugovora so obravnavane v členu 47(2) in (3) Uredbe o blagovni znamki EU.
According to Article 47(2) EUTMR: 
V skladu s členom 47(2) Uredbe o blagovni znamki EU:
In the absence of proof to this effect, the opposition shall be rejected. 
To besedilo je rezultat Uredbe (EU) 2015/2424 o spremembi, ki je začela veljati 23. marca 2016.
This wording is the result of Amending Regulation (EU) 2015/2424 , which entered into force on 23/03/2016. 
[3: Uredba (EU) 2015/2424 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 16. decembra 2015 o spremembi Uredbe Sveta (ES) št.
In accordance with Article 47(3) EUTMR: 
Člen 47(3) Uredbe o blagovni znamki EU določa:
Paragraph 2 shall apply to earlier national trade marks referred to in Article 8(2)(a), by substituting use in the Member State in which the earlier national trade mark is protected for use in the Union. 
Odstavek 2 se uporabi za prejšnje nacionalne blagovne znamke iz člena 8(2)(a), pri čemer se uporaba v državi članici, v kateri je prejšnja nacionalna blagovna znamka varovana, zamenja z uporabo v Uniji.
There is no express provision in the EUTMR that such forms of use as mentioned in Article 18(1) and (2) EUTMR may also be regarded as use of earlier national trade marks. 
V Uredbi o blagovni znamki EU ni izrecne določbe, da je mogoče za uporabo prejšnjih nacionalnih blagovnih znamk šteti tudi takšne oblike uporabe, ki so navedene v členu 18(1) in (2) Uredbe o blagovni znamki EU.
However, the concept of the obligation to use the registered mark is harmonised as a consequence of Article 10(2) and (3) of Directive 2008/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2008 to approximate the laws of the Member States relating to trade marks (Codified version). 
Vendar je bil pojem obveznost uporabe registrirane znamke usklajen s členom 10(2) in (3) Direktive 2008/95/ES Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 22. oktobra 2008 o približevanju zakonodaje držav članic v zvezi z znamkami (kodificirana različica).
Hence, it is appropriate to apply the same substantive provision as Article 18(1) and (2) EUTMR to the use of earlier national trade marks, with the only difference being that such use must be made in the Member State in which the national mark is registered. 
Zato je ustrezno, da se enaka vsebinska določba uporablja kot člen 18(1) in (2) Uredbe o blagovni znamki EU tudi za uporabo prejšnjih nacionalnih blagovnih znamk z edino razliko, da je morala taka uporaba potekati v državi članici, v kateri je zadevna nacionalna znamka registrirana.
Moreover, it follows from the wording of Article 47(2) and (3) EUTMR that proof of use can only be requested if the earlier right is an EUTM or other trade mark having effect in the EU or an EU Member State, as defined in Article 8(2)(a) EUTMR. 
Poleg tega iz besedila člena 47(2) in (3) Uredbe o blagovni znamki EU izhaja, da je mogoče dokaz o uporabi zahtevati le, če je prejšnja pravica blagovna znamka EU ali druga blagovna znamka z učinkom v EU ali državi članici EU, kot je določeno v členu 8(2)(a) Uredbe o blagovni znamki EU.
Since oppositions brought under Article 8(4) EUTMR cannot be based on either EUTMs or other trade marks referred to in Article 8(2)(a) EUTMR, the EUTM applicant is not entitled to request proof of use for earlier rights relied upon in oppositions brought under this provision. 
Ker ugovori na podlagi člena 8(4) Uredbe o blagovni znamki EU ne morejo temeljiti na blagovnih znamkah EU ali drugih blagovnih znamkah iz člena 8(2)(a) Uredbe o blagovni znamki EU, prijavitelj blagovne znamke EU ne more zahtevati dokaza o uporabi za prejšnje pravice, ki se uveljavljajo v ugovorih, vloženih na podlagi te določbe.
Nevertheless, Article 8(4) EUTMR requires the opponent to prove use in the course of trade of more than mere local significance for the earlier rights in question. 
Vendar mora vložnik ugovora v skladu s členom 8(4) Uredbe o blagovni znamki EU dokazati uporabo zadevnih prejšnjih pravic v gospodarskem prometu, ki nima le lokalnega pomena.
As for Article 8(3) EUTMR, the Office's practice is that requests for proof of use of the earlier right cannot be made. 
Praksa Urada v zvezi s členom 8(3) Uredbe o blagovni znamki EU je, da ni mogoče predložiti zahtev za dokaz o uporabi prejšnje pravice.
The reason is that such earlier rights include both trade marks having effect in the EU/EU Member States (EUTMs, national trade marks, IRs) and national non-EUTMs, requests for proof of use of the latter not being possible under the EUTMR. 
Takšne prejšnje pravice namreč vključujejo blagovne znamke z učinkom v EU/državah članicah EU (blagovne znamke EU, nacionalne blagovne znamke, mednarodne registracije) in nacionalne blagovne znamke, registrirane v tretjih državah, pri čemer v skladu z Uredbo o blagovni znamki EU ni mogoče predložiti zahtev za dokaz o uporabi zadnjenavedenih.
It would be discriminatory to request proof of use for some countries' trade marks but not for others. 
Zahtevati dokaz o uporabi za blagovne znamke nekaterih držav, in ne za blagovne znamke drugih bi bilo diskriminacijsko.
Accordingly, and in view of the specific subject matter for protection under Article 8(3) EUTMR, while the use or lack of use made of the earlier rights may have a bearing on arguments regarding the justification for applying for the EUTM, the opponent cannot be obliged to provide proof of use under Article 47(3) EUTMR for any earlier rights thereby relied upon. 
V skladu s tem in zaradi posebnega predmeta varstva na podlagi člena 8(3) Uredbe o blagovni znamki EU od vložnika ugovora ni mogoče zahtevati, naj predloži dokaz o uporabi na podlagi člena 47(3) Uredbe o blagovni znamki EU za vse tako uveljavljane prejšnje pravice, čeprav lahko uporaba oziroma neuporaba prejšnjih pravic vpliva na trditve glede utemeljenosti prijave blagovne znamke EU.
1.2.1.3 Article 10 EUTMDR - procedural rules, evidence and language 
Člen 10 Delegirane uredbe - postopkovna pravila, dokazi in jezik
In accordance with Article 10(2) EUTMDR, where, pursuant to Article 47(2) or (3) EUTMR, the opponent has to submit proof of use or show that there are proper reasons for non-use, the Office will invite the opponent to provide the proof required within a period specified by the Office. 
V skladu s členom 10(2) Delegirane uredbe velja, da če mora vložnik ugovora v skladu s členom 47(2) ali (3) Uredbe o blagovni znamki EU predložiti dokaz o uporabi ali dokazati, da obstajajo upravičeni razlogi za neuporabo, ga bo Urad pozval, naj zahtevani dokaz predloži v določenem roku.
If the opponent does not provide such proof before the time limit expires, the Office will reject the opposition. 
Če vložnik ugovora takšnega dokaza ne predloži pred iztekom roka, bo Urad zavrnil ugovor.
In accordance with Article 10(3) EUTMDR, the indications and evidence required to prove use must consist of indications concerning the place, time, extent and nature of use of the opposing trade mark for the goods and services in respect of which it is registered and on which the opposition is based, and evidence in support of these indications in accordance with paragraph 4. 
V skladu s členom 10(3) Delegirane uredbe morajo podatki in dokazila za dokaz o uporabi zajemati podatke o kraju, času, obsegu in naravi uporabe blagovne znamke v koliziji za blago in storitve, za katere je registrirana in na kateri temelji ugovor, in dokazi, ki podpirajo te podatke v skladu z odstavkom 4.
In accordance with Article 10(4) EUTMDR, the evidence must consist of written documents and in principle be confined to supporting documents and items such as packages, labels, price lists, catalogues, invoices, photographs, newspaper advertisements, and statements in writing as referred to in Article 97(1)(f) EUTMR. 
V skladu s členom 10(4) Delegirane uredbe morajo dokazi zajemati pisne dokumente in biti načeloma omejena na dodatno dokumentacijo in predmete, kot so embalaže, nalepke, ceniki, katalogi, računi, fotografije, časopisni oglasi in pisne izjave iz člena 97(1)(f) Uredbe o blagovni znamki EU.
In accordance with Article 10(5) EUTMDR, a request for proof of use may be submitted at the same time as observations on the grounds on which the opposition is based. 
V skladu s členom 10(5) Delegirane uredbe se lahko zahteva za dokaz o uporabi predloži skupaj s pripombami o razlogih, na katerih temelji ugovor.
Such observations may also be filed together with the observations in reply to the proof of use. 
Te pripombe se lahko vložijo tudi skupaj s pripombami v odgovor na dokaz o uporabi.
In accordance with Article 10(6) EUTMDR, where the evidence submitted pursuant to paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 is not in the language of the opposition proceedings, the Office may require the opponent to submit a translation of the evidence in that language, within a period specified by the Office. 
Če v skladu s členom 10(6) Delegirane uredbe dokazi, predloženi na podlagi odstavkov 1, 2 in 3, niso v jeziku postopka ugovora, lahko Urad od vložnika ugovora zahteva, naj predloži prevod teh dokazov v navedenem jeziku v roku, ki ga določi Urad.
1.2.2 The Directive and national law implementing it 
Direktiva in nacionalno pravo, s katerim se izvaja
Article 16 of the Directive contains provisions identical to Article 18 EUTMR, except with ‘use in the Union' being replaced by ‘use in the Member State'. 
Člen 16 Direktive vsebuje določbe, ki so enake tistim iz člena 18 Uredbe o blagovni znamki EU, le izraz uporaba v Evropski uniji je bil nadomeščen z izrazom uporaba v državi članici.
2 Substantive Law 
Materialno pravo
2.1 Genuine use: the principles of the Court of Justice 
Resna in dejanska uporaba: načela Sodišča
The EUTMR, the EUTMDR and the EUTMIR do not define what is to be regarded as ‘genuine use'. 
Uredba o blagovni znamki EU, Delegirana uredba in Izvedbena uredba ne vključujejo opredelitve pojma resna in dejanska uporaba.
However, the Court of Justice (the ‘Court') has laid down several important principles as regards the interpretation of this term. 
Vendar je Sodišče določilo več pomembnih načel v zvezi z razlago tega izraza.
In Minimax (11/03/2003, C40/01, Minimax, EU:C:2003:145), the Court established the following principles: 
Sodišče je v sodbi v zadevi Minimax (11/03/2003, C40/01, Minimax, EU:C:2003:145) opredelilo naslednja načela:
genuine use means actual use of the mark (paragraph 35); 
resna in dejanska uporaba pomeni dejansko uporabo znamke (točka 35),
genuine use must, therefore, be understood to denote use that is not merely token, serving solely to preserve the rights conferred by the mark (paragraph 36); 
resno in dejansko uporabo je treba zato razumeti kot uporabo, ki ni zgolj simbolična in katere edini cilj ni ohranjanje varstva pravic znamke (točka 36),
genuine use must be consistent with the essential function of a trade mark, which is to guarantee the identity of the origin of goods or services to the consumer or end user by enabling the latter, without any possibility of confusion, to distinguish the product or service from others that have another origin (paragraph 36); 
resna in dejanska uporaba blagovne znamke mora biti skladna z bistveno funkcijo blagovne znamke, kar pomeni, da mora potrošniku ali končnemu uporabniku zagotavljati istovetnost izvora proizvoda ali storitve in mu brez verjetnosti zmede omogočiti razlikovanje tega proizvoda ali storitve od tistih, ki izvirajo od drugod (točka 36),
genuine use entails use of the mark on the market for the goods or services protected by that mark and not just internal use by the undertaking concerned (paragraph 37); 
resna in dejanska uporaba znamke pomeni uporabo znamke na trgu za blago ali storitve, ki so varovani s to znamko, in ne samo za notranjo uporabo zadevnega podjetja (točka 37),