Contents Executive summary Introduction What is Antimicrobial Resistance Why fighting AMR is complicated Global actions to fight antimicrobial resistance EU actions to fight antimicrobial resistance Audit scope and approach Observations Commission and ECDC support for Member StatesŐ One Health approach has not yet delivered demonstrable results in reducing AMR Commission funded actions supported the fight against AMR but faced challenges ECDC actions provided valuable support to the Commission and Member States in fighting AMR There were gaps in information on outcomes and surveillance of AMR The prudent use of veterinary antimicrobials in the Member States has improved Some Member States have deployed successful strategies to reduce the use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine The new EU legal framework addressed some known weaknesses Monitoring of certain resistant bacteria in food and animals has improved, but gaps remain The EU budget provides significant support for AMR research but this has not yet resulted in major breakthroughs The Commission coordinates AMR research efforts but has not comprehensively evaluated its approach EU funded research produced some positive results, while struggling to address some significant challenges Paragraph I-IX 01-17 01-05 06-08 09-11 12-17 18-19 20-61 20-36 21-27 28-30 31-36 37-45 38-39 40-43 44-45 46-61 47-49 50-57 2 Commission initiatives have not yet resolved the market failures in antimicrobial research and development Conclusions and recommendations Annexes Annex I Đ Annual sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents for food-producing species, in mg/PCU, for selected European countries, from 2011 to 2016 Annex II Đ ND4BB projects mapped against the drug development process Acronyms and abbreviations Glossary Replies of the Commission Audit team Timeline 58-61 62-75 3 
Vsebina Povzetek Uvod Kaj je protimikrobna odpornost Zakaj je boj zoper protimikrobno odpornost zapleten Globalni ukrepi za boj zoper protimikrobno odpornost Ukrepi EU za boj zoper protimikrobno odpornost Obseg revizije in revizijski pristop Opažanja Podpora Komisije in ECDC pristopu držav članic k protimikrobni odpornosti „eno zdravje” pri njenem zmanjšanju še ni pokazala dokazljivih rezultatov Z ukrepi, ki jih je financirala Komisija, se je podpiral boj zoper protimikrobno odpornost, vendar so se pri njih pojavljali izzivi Z ukrepi centra ECDC se je Komisiji in državam članicam zagotovila dragocena podpora v boju zoper protimikrobno odpornost V informacijah o izidih in nadzoru v zvezi s protimikrobno odpornostjo so bile vrzeli Uporaba antimikrobikov, namenjenih za veterinarsko medicino, je postala v državah članicah preudarnejša Nekatere države članice so uvedle uspešne strategije za zmanjšanje uporabe antibiotikov v veterinarski medicini V novem pravnem okviru EU so obravnavane nekatere znane slabosti Spremljanje nekaterih odpornih bakterij v živilih in živalih se je izboljšalo, vendar vrzeli ostajajo Odstavek I–IX 01–17 01–05 06–08 09–11 12–17 18–19 20–61 20–36 21–27 28–30 31–36 37–45 38–39 40–43 44–45 2 Proračun EU zagotavlja znatno podporo raziskavam na področju protimikrobne odpornosti, vendar to še ni privedlo do pomembnih prebojev Komisija usklajuje raziskovalna prizadevanja na področju protimikrobne odpornosti, vendar svojega pristopa ni celovito ocenila Raziskave, ki jih je financirala EU, so imele nekaj pozitivnih rezultatov, obravnava nekaterih izzivov pa je bila težka naloga Pobude Komisije doslej še niso odpravile nedelovanja trga pri raziskavah in razvoju antimikrobikov Zaključki in priporočila Prilogi Priloga I – Letna prodaja protimikrobnih sredstev za uporabo v veterinarski medicini pri živalskih vrstah za proizvodnjo živil, v mg/PKE, za izbrane evropske države v obdobju 2011–2016 Priloga II – Projekti programa „nova zdravila za slabe bacile” glede na proces razvoja zdravil Kratice in okrajšave Glosar Odgovori Komisije Revizijska ekipa Časovnica 46–61 47–49 50–57 58–61 62–75 3