natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The reservoir of Lassa virus is in rodents, and humans become infected through contact with the excreta of infected rats. 
Rezervoar virusa Lassa so glodalci, ljudje pa se okužijo ob stiku z izločki okuženih podgan.
While about 80% of the infections go with no symptoms, the remaining patients develop severe multi-system disease and up to 15% of the hospitalized cases may die. 
Medtem ko približno 80 % okužb mine brez simptomov, se pri preostalih bolnikih pojavi huda multisistemska bolezen, pri čemer lahko do 15 % hospitaliziranih bolnikov umre.
Early treatment with antiviral drugs is effective, and infection is prevented through good hygiene conditions. 
Zgodnje zdravljenje s protivirusnimi zdravili je učinkovito, k preprečevanju okužbe pa prispevajo dobri higienski pogoji.
Legionnaire’s disease (legionellosis) 
Legionarska bolezen (legioneloza)
Legionellosis is a respiratory disease caused by Legionella. 
Legioneloza je bolezen dihal, ki jo povzroča Legionella.
The bacteria are able to survive in the nature at a wide range of temperatures. 
Bakterija lahko v naravi preživi pri širokem razponu temperatur.
Their reservoirs are aquatic systems like cooling towers, evaporative condensers, humidifiers, decorative fountains, hot water systems and similar systems. 
Rezervoar bakterij so vodni sistemi, kot so hladilni stolpi, izparilni kondenzatorji, vlažilniki, dekorativne fontane, toplovodni sistemi in podobni sistemi.
The most common mode of transmission is airborne by inhalation of contaminated aerosols. 
Najobičajnejši način prenosa je po zraku z vdihavanjem kontaminiranih aerosolov.
No cases of person-to-person transmission have been recorded. 
O primerih prenosa s človeka na človeka ni poročil.
After exposure, the incubation period varies from two to ten days. 
Po izpostavitvi je inkubacijska doba v razponu od dveh do deset dni.
The clinical picture is characterised by muscle ache, headache, fever, and pneumonia (associated with a dry cough). 
Za klinično sliko so značilne bolečine v mišicah, glavobol, povišana telesna temperatura in pljučnica (povezana s suhim kašljem).
In most cases legionellosis can be treated effectively with antibiotics, but death rates can be high among the elderly and in patients with a weakened immune system. 
V večini primerov je mogoče legionelozo učinkovito zdraviti z antibiotiki, kljub temu pa je lahko smrtnost med starejšimi in bolniki z oslabljenim imunskim sistemom visoka.
Prophylactic measures include regular cleaning and adequate maintenance of the particular water systems. 
Profilaktični ukrepi vključujejo redno čiščenje in ustrezno vzdrževanje določenih vodnih sistemov.
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease (transmitted from animals to humans) caused by Leptospira bacteria. 
Leptospiroza je zoonoza (prenaša se z živali na ljudi), ki jo povzroča bakterija Leptospira.
Although more common in tropical areas of the world, the disease is also present in temperate areas, including Europe. 
Bolezen je pogostejša v tropskih predelih sveta, prisotna pa je tudi v območjih z zmernim podnebjem, vključno z Evropo.
Different species of domestic and wild animals act as maintenance hosts. 
Vlogo rezervoarja imajo različne vrste domačih in divjih živali.
Humans get leptospirosis either from direct contact with the urine of infected animals, or from contact with material contaminated by it, such as water or soil. 
Ljudje se okužijo z leptospirozo bodisi ob neposrednem stiku z urinom okuženih živali bodisi ob stiku s kontaminiranim materialom, npr. vodo ali tlemi.
After exposure, the incubation period ranges between two and 30 days (with an average of 10 days). 
Po izpostavitvi je inkubacijska doba v razponu od dveh do 30 dni (povprečje je 10 dni).
The symptoms vary. 
Simptomi so raznoliki.
Fever, muscle ache and eye infection are very frequent. 
Zelo pogosto se pojavi povišana telesna temperatura, bolečine v mišicah in okužba oči.
Liver, kidney, lung, heart, and more rarely brain involvement and bleeding are the most serious symptoms. 
Najhujši simptomi so prizadetost jeter, ledvic, pljuč, srca, redkeje možganov ter krvavitve.
Timely antibiotic treatment is effective, and the death rate is low, but does increase with advancing age and may reach up to 20% or more in complicated cases with severe disease. 
Pravočasno zdravljenje z antibiotiki je učinkovito in smrtnost je nizka, vendar se s starostjo povečuje in lahko doseže do 20 % ali več pri zapletenih primerih s hudo boleznijo.
Listeriosis is a disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes . 
Listerioza je bolezen, ki jo povzroča bakterija Listeria monocytogenes .
Lyme disease 
Limska bolezen
Preventive measures include controlling rodent populations, avoiding contaminated areas and covering cuts and abraded skin when operating in the environment. 
Preventivni ukrepi vključujejo nadzor populacij glodalcev, izogibanje kontaminiranim območjem ter prekrivanje ureznin in odrgnjene kože pri gibanju na prostem.
Immunisation of persons at occupational risk of exposure has been carried out in some countries (Italy, France, Spain). 
V nekaterih državah (Italija, Francija, Španija) so izvedli imunizacijo oseb, pri katerih obstaja poklicno tveganje za izpostavitev.
Listeriosis is a disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes. 
Listerioza je bolezen, ki jo povzroča bakterija Listeria monocytogenes.
The disease primarily causes problems in pregnant women, newborns, and adults with a weakened immune system. 
Bolezen povzroča težave predvsem pri nosečnicah, novorojencih in odraslih z oslabljenim imunskim sistemom.
Listeria bacteria are ubiquitous in the environment, and food-borne outbreaks have been detected worldwide. 
Bakterija Listeria je prisotna vsepovsod v okolju in izbruhe, povezane s hrano, so odkrili po vsem svetu.
Many animals carry the bacteria in their faeces. 
Mnoge živali nosijo bakterije v blatu.
After exposure (via contaminated food) most healthy adults do not develop any symptoms, except in the case of pregnant women. 
Po izpostavitvi (prek kontaminirane hrane) se pri večini zdravih odraslih simptomi ne pojavijo, izjema so nosečnice.
After an incubation period of about three weeks pregnant women may suffer from a self-limiting influenza-like illness which may affect the uterus. 
Po inkubacijski dobi približno treh tednov lahko nosečnice zbolijo za gripi podobno boleznijo, ki sicer izzveni sama, vendar lahko prizadene maternico.
In that case, it can lead to death of the foetus and consequent abortion or to a dramatic picture of congenital listeriosis in the newborn. 
V tem primeru lahko povzroči smrt plodu in posledično splav ali privede do dramatične slike kongenitalne listerioze pri novorojencu.
In addition, listeriosis in adults with weakened immune system and the elderly may lead to meningitis, brain infection, and severe blood infection. 
Poleg tega lahko listerioza pri odraslih z oslabljenim imunskim sistemom in starejših povzroči meningitis, okužbo možganov in hudo okužbo krvi.
All clinical presentations are treatable with prolonged courses of antibiotics, but the prognosis of the most serious ones is poor. 
Vse klinične slike je mogoče ozdraviti s podaljšanim zdravljenjem z antibiotiki, vendar pa je prognoza pri najhujših primerih slaba.
Control measures should be aimed at the farm and food-processing level, in order to prevent contamination of food products. 
Da bi preprečili kontaminacijo živilskih izdelkov, bi bilo treba kontrolne ukrepe izvajati na ravni kmetij in predelave hrane.
Preventive measures include providing appropriate information for consumers on how to minimise the risk of ingesting food contaminated by Listeria. 
Preventivni ukrepi vključujejo posredovanje ustreznih informacij potrošnikom o tem, kako naj čim bolj zmanjšajo tveganje zaužitja hrane, kontaminirane z bakterijo Listeria.
Malaria 
Malarija
Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites. 
Malarijo povzročajo zajedavci, imenovani plazmodiji.
Four Plasmodium species (Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae) give disease in humans, and humans are their only relevant reservoir. 
Pri ljudeh povzročajo bolezen štiri vrste plazmodijev (Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale in Plasmodium malariae), ljudje pa so tudi njihov edini pomembni rezervoar.
Transmission requires an intermediate mosquito (anopheles) host, which is found worldwide. 
Prenos poteka prek vmesnega gostitelja komarja (anofeles), ki je prisoten po vsem svetu.
Following exposure (an infected mosquito bite) the incubation period varies between one and four weeks in most cases. 
Po izpostavitvi (piku okuženega komarja) je inkubacijska doba v večini primerov od enega do štiri tedne.
Depending on the plasmodium species involved, much longer incubation periods are possible. 
Glede na vrsto prisotnega plazmodija so možne mnogo daljše inkubacijske dobe.
Once the Plasmodia multiply inside the red blood cells, fever and multi-organ disease may ensue, which can be life-threatening when P. falciparum is involved. 
Ko se plazmodiji razmnožijo v rdečih krvničkah, lahko nastopi povišana telesna temperatura in multiorganska bolezen, ki je lahko v primeru P. falciparum smrtno nevarna.
Symptoms are much reduced if the patient is semi-immune by repeated previous infection. 
Simptomi so bistveno blažji, če je bolnik zaradi večkratnih predhodnih okužb postal delno odporen.
Several drugs are available for both treatment and prophylaxis. 
Tako za zdravljenje kot za profilakso je na voljo več zdravil.
During the 20th century, malaria was eradicated from many temperate areas, including the whole of the EU. 
V 20. stoletju so malarijo izkoreninili na številnih zmernih območjih, vključno s celotno EU.
As a result, the disease is now essentially limited to tropical countries. 
Posledično je bolezen dandanes načeloma omejena na tropske države.
With global climate change, the potential for the reappearance of malaria in countries where it was previously eradicated is a growing concern. 
Zaradi globalnih sprememb podnebja predstavlja možnost ponovnega pojava malarije v državah, v katerih je že bila izkoreninjena, vedno večjo skrb.
Anopheles mosquitoes are in fact still present in those areas, including in Europe. 
Komarji anofeles so na teh območjih, tudi v Evropi, dejansko še vedno prisotni.
Due to the large number of imported cases in Europe, malaria is mainly a travel medicine issue. 
Zaradi velikega števila uvoženih primerov v Evropi je malarija pretežno tema potovalne medicine.
Measles 
Ošpice
Measles is an acute illness caused by morbillivirus. 
Ošpice so akutna bolezen, ki jo povzroča virus morbilli.
The disease is transmitted via airborne respiratory droplets, or by direct contact with nasal and throat secretions of infected individuals. 
Bolezen se prenaša po zraku prek kapljic v izdihanem zraku ali ob neposrednem stiku z izločki iz nosu in grla okuženih posameznikov.
The main symptoms are fever, rash, cough, running nose and eye infection, appearing after an incubation period of 10 to 12 days. 
Glavni simptomi so povišana telesna temperatura, izpuščaji, kašelj, izcedek iz nosu in okužba oči, ki se pojavijo po inkubacijski dobi 10 do 12 dni.
Complications are possible, including pulmonary infection, brain infection and secondary bacterial infections. 
Možni so zapleti, vključno z okužbo pljuč, okužbo možganov in sekundarnimi bakterijskimi okužbami.
Only the latter require treatment, by the use of antibiotics. 
Zdravijo se samo slednje, in sicer z antibiotiki.
The disease is preventable by a vaccine providing lifelong immunity to most recipients. 
Bolezen je mogoče preprečiti s cepivom, ki večini prejemnikov zagotavlja trajno odpornost.
The elimination of measles by 2010 (interruption of indigenous measles transmission) is part of the WHO strategic plan for measles and congenital rubella infection in the WHO European Region. 
Del strateškega načrta SZO proti okužbi z ošpicami in kongenitalnimi rdečkami v Evropski regiji SZO je izkoreninjenje ošpic do leta 2010 (prekinitev prenosa avtohtonih ošpic) .
Meningococcal disease 
Meningokokna bolezen
Meningococcal disease is caused by Neisseria meningitidis, a bacterium with human carriers as the only reservoir. 
Meningokokno bolezen povzroča bakterija Neisseria meningitidis, katere edini rezervoar in prenašalci so ljudje.
It is carried in the nose, where it can remain for long periods without producing symptoms. 
Prenaša se v nosu, kjer lahko ostane dolgo časa, ne da bi povzročala simptome.
Following exposure (inhalation of infective droplets) the carrier state may develop and last for some time. 
Po izpostavitvi (vdihavanje infektivnih kapljic) lahko oseba postane prenašalec, to stanje pa lahko traja nekaj časa.
Due to a series of factors, a very low proportion of carriers (less than 1%) will eventually become ill. 
Zaradi številnih dejavnikov zboli zelo majhen delež prenašalcev (manj kot 1 %).
This most frequently occurs in young children, but a second disease peak is observed among adolescents and young adults. 
Najpogosteje zbolijo majhni otroci, drugi vrhunec pogostosti pa bolezen doseže med mladostniki in mladimi odraslimi.
The clinical picture is very serious, and may present as meningitis and severe blood infection. 
Klinična slika je zelo huda in se lahko kaže kot meningitis in huda okužba krvi.
Timely, appropriate antibiotic therapy can usually cure the meningitis (although serious complications including deafness, neurological problems and even amputations are still possible), whereas the severe blood infection leads to death in about 8% of cases. 
Pravočasno in ustrezno zdravljenje z antibiotiki lahko običajno meningitis pozdravi (čeprav so še vedno mogoči hudi zapleti, vključno z gluhostjo, nevrološkimi težavami in celo amputacijami), medtem ko huda okužba krvi v približno 8 % primerov povzroči smrt.
Vaccines are available against serogroups A, C, Y and W135. 
Proti serološkim skupinam A, C, Y in W135 so na voljo cepiva.
To date, no vaccine is available against serogroup B. 
V trenutku pisanja cepivo proti serološki skupini B še ni na voljo.
It is characterised by fever and swelling of one or more salivary glands (mumps is the only cause of epidemic infectious parotitis). 
Zanjo je značilna povišana telesna temperatura in otekanje ene ali več žlez slinavk (mumps je edini vzrok epidemičnega infektivnega parotitisa).
Humans are the only reservoirs of the virus, which is transmitted from person to person via droplets and/or saliva. 
Ljudje so edini rezervoar virusa, ki se prenaša s človeka na človeka s kapljicami in/ali slino.
Following infection, the incubation period lasts on average 16–18 days. 
Po okužbi traja inkubacijska doba v povprečju 16– 18 dni.
Salivary glands apart, other organs may be involved and symptoms might include infection in the testicles (in post-pubertal males), prostate gland, thyroid gland, and pancreas. 
Poleg žlez slinavk so lahko prizadeti tudi drugi organi, simptomi pa lahko vključujejo okužbo mod (pri moških po puberteti), prostate, ščitnice in trebušne slinavke.
Brain involvement is frequent, but mostly without symptoms. 
Pogosto so vključeni tudi možgani, vendar običajno brez simptomov.
Mumps is preventable by a vaccine, which is most often administered in association with anti-rubella and anti-measles vaccines (MMR). 
Mumps je mogoče preprečiti s cepivom, ki se najpogosteje daje v povezavi s cepivi proti rdečkam in ošpicam (MMR).
Norovirus infection 
Okužba z norovirusi
Norovirus cause gastrointestinal illness to humans. 
Norovirusi povzročajo pri ljudeh gastrointestinalno bolezen.
Norovirus infection can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and stomach pain. 
Okužba z norovirusom lahko povzroči bruhanje, drisko in bolečine v želodcu.
Less common symptoms are low fever, chills and headache. 
Manj pogosti simptomi so zmerno povišana telesna temperatura, mrzlica in glavobol.
Vomiting can be sudden and frequent resulting in remarkable fluid loss. 
Bruhanje je lahko nenadno in pogosto, kar privede do precejšnje izgube tekočine.
Death is rare but remains as a risk especially for elderly or persons with weakened immune system. 
Smrt je redka, ogroža pa zlasti starejše in osebe z oslabljenim imunskim sistemom.
Recovery occurs usually in one or two days. 
Oseba navadno ozdravi v enem ali dveh dneh.
The incubation period ranges between 12 and 48 hours. 
Inkubacijska doba je od 12 do 48 ur.
Sometimes, symptoms can be milder and last for a week but no long-term adverse health effects have been reported. 
Včasih so simptomi blažji in trajajo en teden, vendar o dolgotrajnih neželenih učinkih na zdravje niso poročali.
At irregular intervals, usually of a few decades, a new influenza virus emerges which is novel to all or most people which means that there can be little specific immunity among humans. 
V nerednih intervalih, navadno vsakih nekaj desetletij, se pojavi nov virus gripe, ki je za vse ali večino ljudi nov, kar pomeni, da obstaja med ljudmi le majhna specifična imunost.
This new virus can then spread rapidly from human to humans all over the world. 
Ta novi virus se lahko nato hitro širi s človeka na človeka po vsem svetu.
Because of the lack of human immunity the virus is often more aggressive and causes more serious disease and deaths. 
Zaradi odsotnosti imunosti pri ljudeh je virus pogosto agresivnejši ter povzroča resnejše bolezni in smrti.
At least some of the three pandemics during the last (20th) century are thought to have come from an animal or bird influenza virus that itself mutated or swapped genes with a human influenza strain (so called recombination) and acquired the ability to both infect humans and, more importantly, spread between them. 
Prevladuje mnenje, da je najmanj dve izmed treh pandemij v zadnjem (20.) stoletju povzročil virus živalske ali ptičje gripe, ki je mutiral ali zamenjal gene s sevom humane gripe (tako imenovana rekombinacija), s čimer je pridobil sposobnost, da okuži tudi ljudi in, kar je pomembneje, da se širi med njimi.
It is thought that as animal/bird influenza adapts to humans and becomes transmissible it also loses some of its severity for humans. 
Ocenjuje se, da postane živalska/ptičja gripa, potem ko se prilagodi na ljudi in se začne prenašati, manj nevarna za ljudi.
Eventually as immunity increases among humans, and the pandemic virus changes the pandemic strain becomes part of and tends to dominate the mix of seasonal influenza viruses. 
Ko se naposled med ljudmi poveča imunost in se pandemični virus spremeni, postane pandemični sev del mešanice virusov sezonske gripe, z nagnjenostjo k prevladi.
Pertussis 
Oslovski kašelj
Pertussis is an acute bacterial infection of the respiratory tract caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. 
Oslovski kašelj je akutna bakterijska okužba dihal, ki jo povzroča bakterija Bordetella pertussis.
The disease is characterised by a severe cough, sometimes lasting for two months or even longer. 
Za bolezen je značilen hud kašelj, ki včasih traja dva meseca ali več.
Humans are the only reservoir. 
Ljudje so edini rezervoar.
Healthy carriers probably do not exist, but infected adults, who usually have only mild symptoms, can spread bacteria for weeks. 
Zdravih prenašalcev najverjetneje ni; okuženi odrasli, ki imajo običajno le blage simptome, lahko širijo bakterijo več tednov.
Following infection (by inhalation of droplets), susceptible individuals develop symptoms after an incubation period of about 10 days. 
Po okužbi (z vdihavanjem kapljic) se pri dovzetnih posameznikih po inkubacijski dobi približno 10 dni pojavijo simptomi.
The typical cough is usually seen in young children. 
Značilen kašelj se običajno pojavi pri majhnih otrocih.
Babies less than six months old do not cough, but they manifest shortness of breath and severely deficient supply of oxygen to the body (asphyxia) and are the most likely to die of the disease unless they receive suitable treatment. 
Dojenčki, mlajši od šestih mesecev, ne kašljajo, se pa pri njih kaže oteženo dihanje in resno zmanjšan dovod kisika v telo (asfiksija). Če niso deležni ustreznega zdravljenja, za boleznijo zelo pogosto umrejo.
Affected children are also exposed to complications such as pneumonia, partial collapse of lung tissue, weight loss, hernia, seizures, brain damage (probably due to oxygen deficit). 
Oboleli otroci so izpostavljeni tudi zapletom, kot so pljučnica, delni kolaps pljučnega tkiva, hujšanje, hernija, krči, poškodbe možganov (najverjetneje zaradi pomanjkanja kisika).
Antibiotics may reduce the duration of the disease, especially if administered in its early stages. 
Antibiotiki lahko skrajšajo trajanje bolezni, še zlasti če se uporabijo v zgodnjih fazah.
To protect children, effective vaccines are available, to be administered very early on after birth. 
Za zaščito otrok so na voljo učinkovita cepiva, ki jih je treba aplicirati zelo kmalu po rojstvu.
Plague 
Kuga
Plague is caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. 
Kugo povzroča bakterija Yersinia pestis.
Blood sucking fleas transmit the bacteria among animals, and various species of rodents can become infected. 
Med živali se bakterija prenaša z bolhami, ki pijejo kri; okužijo se lahko številne vrste glodalcev.
Human cases are most likely to occur when domestic rats are involved, as these live in close proximity to humans. 
Med ljudmi je največja verjetnost nastopa okužb takrat, kadar so okužene domače podgane, ker te živijo v neposredni bližini ljudi.
Sporadic human cases appear after exposure to rodents and/or their fleas (bubonic plague). 
Sporadični primeri pri ljudeh se pojavijo po izpostavitvi glodalcem in/ali njihovim bolham (bubonska kuga).
In cases of primary pulmonary plague, patients become infected by inhaling bacteria-rich aerosols produced by individuals who developed secondary pneumonia in the course of plague severe blood infection. 
V primerih primarne pljučne kuge se bolniki okužijo z vdihavanjem aerosolov z veliko količino bakterij, ki jih tvorijo osebe, pri katerih se je med kugo s hudo okužbo krvi (septikemično kugo) razvila sekundarna pljučnica.
Following a short incubation period (1-7 days) the patient develops a high fever and a severe blood infection, with a very high death toll, which remains substantial even if appropriate antibiotic therapy is administered. 
Po kratki inkubacijski dobi (1– 7 dni) se pri bolniku pojavi močno povišana telesna temperatura in huda okužba krvi z zelo visokim številom smrtnih primerov, ki ostane dokaj visoko tudi v primeru ustreznega zdravljenja z antibiotiki.
If the patient survives, bubonic plague is characterised by swelling of regional lymph nodes (bubos), which later resolve, and then the patient usually goes on to recover. 
Če bolnik preživi, se bubonska kuga kaže kot otekanje lokalnih bezgavk (bubov), ki pozneje mine, bolnik pa nato navadno okreva.
Plague prevention is based on general environmental hygiene, with special regards to waste disposal and control of domestic rats. 
Preprečevanje kuge temelji na splošni higieni okolja, s posebnim poudarkom na odstranjevanju odpadkov in kontroli domačih podgan.
Pneumococcal infection 
Pnevmokokna okužba
Despite good access to effective antibiotics, Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci) is still a major cause of disease and death in both developing and developed countries. 
Kljub veliki dostopnosti učinkovitih antibiotikov so Streptococcus pneumoniae (pnevmokoki) še vedno glavni vzrok bolezni in smrti tako v državah v razvoju kot v razvitih državah.
Pneumococci are the main cause of bacterial respiratory tract infections, such as pneumonia, middle ear infection, and sinusitis, in all age groups. 
Pnevmokoki so v vseh starostnih skupinah glavni vzrok bakterijskih okužb dihal, kot so pljučnica, okužba srednjega ušesa in sinuzitis.
Read more about pneumococcal disease in the factsheet for general public and factsheet for health professionals . 
Več o pnevmokokni bolezni preberite v osnovnih podatkih za javnost in osnovnih podatkih za strokovnjake .
READ MORE ON ECDC SITERELATED TOPICSHEALTH TOPICS A-ZRELATED HEALTH TOPICS 
PREBERITE VEČ NA STRANI ECDC POVEZANE TEME ZDRAVSTVENE TEME A– Ž POVEZANE ZDRAVSTVENE TEME
Poliomyelitis 
Otroška paraliza
Read more about polio in the factsheet for general public and factsheet for health professionals 
Več o otroški paralizi preberite v osnovnih podatkih za javnost in osnovnih podatkih za strokovnjake .
Q fever 
Mrzlica Q
Quality 
Kakovost