natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Vaccination against hepatitis C is not yet available. 
Cepiva proti hepatitisu C še ni.
HIV infection 
Okužba s HIV
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains one of the most important communicable diseases in Europe. 
Virus humane imunske pomanjkljivosti (HIV) ostaja ena najpomembnejših nalezljivih bolezni v Evropi.
It is an infection associated with serious disease, persistently high costs of treatment and care, significant number of deaths and shortened life expectancy. 
Gre za okužbo, ki je povezana s hudo boleznijo, trajno visokimi stroški zdravljenja in nege, visoko stopnjo umrljivosti in krajšo življenjsko dobo.
HIV is a virus, which attacks the immune system and causes a lifelong severe illness with a long incubation period. 
HIV je virus, ki napada imunski sistem in povzroča doživljenjsko hudo bolezen z dolgo inkubacijsko dobo.
HIV is spread by sexual contact with an infected person, by sharing needles or syringes (primarily for drug injection) with someone who is infected, or, less commonly (and now very rarely in countries where blood is screened for HIV antibodies), through transfusions of infected blood or blood clotting factors. 
HIV se širi s spolnim stikom z okuženo osebo, z izmenjavo igel ali brizg (zlasti za injiciranje droge) z okuženo osebo ali manj pogosteje (in danes zelo redko v državah, v katerih se kri testira na prisotnost protiteles HIV) s transfuzijo okužene krvi ali koagulacijskih faktorjev.
Babies born to HIV-infected women may become infected before or during birth or through breast-feeding. 
Dojenčki, ki so jih rodile ženske, okužene s HIV, se lahko okužijo pred ali med porodom ali z dojenjem.
The end-stage of the infection, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), results from the destruction of the immune system. 
Končna stopnja okužbe, imenovana sindrom pridobljene imunske pomanjkljivosti (aids), je posledica uničenja imunskega sistema.
Effective combination therapies, introduced in the mid-1990s and widely used in industrialised countries, have had a profound effect on the course of HIV infection, improving the quality of life and delaying the onset of AIDS and death in HIV-infected individuals. 
Učinkovite kombinirane terapije, ki so bile uvedene v sredini 90-ih let in se pogosto uporabljajo v industrializiranih državah, so močno vplivale na potek okužbe s HIV; izboljšale so kakovost življenja in odložile nastop aidsa in smrti pri osebah, okuženih s tem virusom.
However, intolerance to side effects and appearance of resistant strains remain causes for concern. 
Ne glede na to pa nesposobnost prenašanja neželenih učinkov in pojav odpornih sevov ostajata razlog za zaskrbljenost.
Antimicrobial resistance 
Odpornost na protimikrobna zdravila
Since their discovery, antibiotics have revolutionised the way we treat patients with bacterial infections and have contributed to reducing the mortality and morbidity from bacterial diseases. 
Z odkritjem antibiotikov se je korenito spremenil način zdravljenja bolnikov z bakterijskimi okužbami, zmanjšala pa sta se tudi umrljivost in obolevnost zaradi bakterijskih bolezni.
They are also an essential tool for modern medicine and common procedures such as transplants, chemotherapy for cancer and even orthopaedic surgery could not be performed without the availability of potent antibiotics. 
Antibiotiki so ključno orodje v sodobni medicini in običajnih postopkih, kot so presaditve in kemoterapevtsko zdravljenje raka. Tudi ortopedskih operacij ne bi bilo mogoče izvajati brez pomoči močnih antibiotikov.
Unfortunately antibiotics have also been liable to misuse. 
Na žalost pa se antibiotiki uporabljajo tudi napačno.
Antibiotics are often unnecessarily prescribed for viral infections, against which they have no effect. 
Pogosto se po nepotrebnem predpisujejo proti virusnim okužbam, proti katerim sploh nimajo učinka.
Similarly when diagnoses are not accurately made, more often than not, broad-spectrum antibiotics, i.e. antibiotics that kill a large proportion of various bacteria and not only the bacteria responsible for the disease, are prescribed because the micro-organism responsible for the infection is not known. 
Podobno se v primeru, kadar diagnoza ni natančno postavljena, največkrat predpisujejo antibiotiki s širokim spektrom delovanja, tj. antibiotiki, ki ubijejo velik del različnih bakterij in ne le bakterij, ki so odgovorne za bolezen, saj mikroorganizem, ki povzroča okužbo, ni znan.
These examples of misuse promote the emergence and the selection of resistant bacteria. 
Takšni primeri napačne uporabe spodbujajo pojav in selekcijo odpornih bakterij.
Considering the mechanisms behind the emergence of AMR, the strategy to fight it is rather straightforward: 
Z ozirom na mehanizme, ki delujejo v ozadju pojava odpornosti na antibiotike, je strategija boja zoper njo razmeroma jasna:
- use less antibiotics, i.e. only when they are needed to treat patients; 
- uporabljati je treba manj antibiotikov, tj. samo takrat, kadar so resnično potrebni za zdravljenje bolnikov;
- prevent the spread of resistant strains between persons. 
- preprečiti je treba širjenje odpornih sevov med ljudmi.
Anthrax 
Vranični prisad
Anthrax is a zoonotic disease (could be transferred from animals to humans) caused by the spore-producing bacterium Bacillus anthracis. 
Vranični prisad je zoonoza (bolezen, ki se lahko prenaša z živali na ljudi), ki jo povzroča sporogena bakterija Bacillus anthracis.
Reservoirs are grass-eating animals, and the spores can survive in the environment for decades. 
Rezervoar so rastlinojede živali, spore pa lahko v okolju preživijo več desetletij.
The disease is endemic in several regions of the world, including southern and eastern Europe. 
Bolezen je endemična v mnogih regijah sveta, vključno z južno in vzhodno Evropo.
Humans may acquire the infection after exposure to spores, and symptoms appear one to seven days (up to 60 days) later. 
Ljudje se lahko okužijo po izpostavitvi sporam, simptomi pa nastopijo en do sedem dni (tudi do 60 dni) pozneje.
Clinical presentations include skin anthrax, lung anthrax, (with 75% death rate) and gastrointestinal forms (that may progress to blood infection and death). 
Klinične slike vključujejo kožni antraks, pljučni antraks (s 75-odstotno smrtnostjo) in gastrointestinalne oblike (ki lahko napredujejo do okužbe krvi in smrti).
Antibiotic treatment is effective if given at an early stage. 
Zdravljenje z antibiotiki je učinkovito, če se antibiotiki dajejo v zgodnji fazi bolezni.
Control measures include the correct disposal of dead animal: 
Kontrolni ukrepi vključujejo pravilno odstranjevanje mrtvih živali:
disinfection, decontamination and disposal of contaminated materials and decontamination of the environment. 
dezinfekcijo, dekontaminacijo in odstranjevanje kontaminiranega materiala ter dekontaminacijo okolja.
Protective equipment must be used by workers. 
Delavci morajo uporabljati zaščitno opremo.
Vaccination of exposed animals and humans is required. 
Potrebno je cepljenje izpostavljenih živali in ljudi.
Anthrax-related bioterrorist threats have been investigated in Europe. 
V Evropi so preiskovali bioteroristične grožnje, povezane z vraničnim prisadom.
The agent was not confirmed, but a preparedness and response programme for attacks by biological and chemical agents (BICHAT) was developed in 2002 by the European Commission. 
Prisotnosti učinkovine niso potrdili, vendar pa je Evropska komisija leta 2002 oblikovala program za pripravljenost in odziv na biološke in kemične napade (BICHAT).
Avian influenza 
Aviarna influenca
Influenza is an acute infectious disease of the respiratory tract caused by the influenza virus which occurs in three types: 
Influenca ali gripa je akutna infekcijska bolezen dihal, ki jo povzroča virus gripe, nastopajoč v treh tipih:
These are divided into those of high and low pathogenicity according to the severity of infection in birds. 
Ti se glede na resnost okužbe pri pticah delijo na visoko in nizko patogene.
Since 1997 a new and more deadly strain of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (A/H5N1) has appeared in domestic poultry and humans, initially in southern China where the first human-to-human transmission took place. 
Leta 1997 se je pojavil nov in bolj smrtonosen sev visoko patogenega virusa aviarne influence (A/H5N1) pri domači perutnini in ljudeh, najprej v južni Kitajski, kjer je prišlo do prvega prenosa s človeka na človeka.
After 2003, influenza A/H5N1 appeared in many Asian countries causing huge outbreaks in birds and a small number of severe human infections, almost entirely among people with close contacts with domestic poultry. 
Po letu 2003 se je influenca A/H5N1 pojavila v mnogih azijskih državah, kjer je povzročila ogromne izbruhe okužb pri pticah in manjše število hudih okužb ljudi, in sicer skoraj izključno med ljudmi, ki so bili v tesnem stiku z domačo perutnino.
There have been a few examples of person-to-person transmissions but no further spread. 
Bilo je nekaj primerov prenosov s človeka na človeka, vendar brez nadaljnjega širjenja.
This A/H5N1 group has shown itself to be unusually stable for an avian influenza strain and has spread among birds in two waves, the second of which took it out of south and south-east Asia to Europe and Africa through migratory birds and trade. 
Ta skupina A/H5N1 se je izkazala kot nenavadno stabilna za sev aviarne influence in se je širila med pticami v dveh valovih, pri čemer se je drugi val s pticami selivkami in trgovino razširil iz južne in jugovzhodne Azije v Evropo in Afriko.
The virus is poorly adapted to humans who are difficult to infect except at high doses. 
Virus je slabo prilagojen na ljudi, ki se posledično težko okužijo, razen ob visokih odmerkih.
The danger to humans lies in the fact that the strain is highly pathogenic in those few humans that do become infected. 
Nevarnost za ljudi predstavlja dejstvo, da je sev pri tistem majhnem številu ljudi, ki se okužijo, visoko patogen.
However, there is generally no transmission from one human to another. 
Vendar pa prenosa s človeka na človeka v splošnem ni.
Botulism 
Botulizem
Botulism is a serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. 
Botulizem je huda paralitična bolezen, ki jo povzroča nevrotoksin, ki ga tvori bakterija Clostridium botulinum.
The disease may occur after eating foods containing the toxin or due to development of the spores within the intestine of young children or within wounds. 
Bolezen se lahko pojavi po zaužitju hrane, ki vsebuje toksin, ali pa zaradi razvoja spor v črevesju majhnih otrok ali v ranah.
Food botulism is the dominating form of the disease, and paralytic symptoms generally appear after an incubation period of 12–36 hours (up to several days) after consumption of the toxin-containing food. 
Botulizem zaradi zaužitja kontaminirane hrane je prevladujoča oblika bolezni, paralitični simptomi pa se navadno pojavijo po inkubacijski dobi 12– 36 ur (do nekaj dni) po zaužitju hrane, ki vsebuje toksin.
The symptoms may be very severe, and require intensive-care treatment and the administration of an anti-toxin. 
Simptomi so lahko zelo hudi ter zahtevajo intenzivno nego in dajanje antitoksina.
Even where these are available, between 5 and 10 % of the patients die. 
Tudi če je ustrezna oskrba na voljo, 5 do 10 % bolnikov umre.
Due to the extremely high potency of the toxin, botulism is included among the potential bio-terrorist threats. 
Zaradi izjemno visoke jakosti toksina spada botulizem med potencialne bioteroristične nevarnosti.
Following laboratory accidents, the toxin has also caused symptoms on inhalation, with a substantially reduced incubation period. 
Na podlagi nesreč v laboratorijih je bilo ugotovljeno, da toksin povzroča tudi simptome, povezane z dihanjem, z bistveno krajšo inkubacijsko dobo.
Brucellosis is an infection caused by Brucella bacteria. 
Bruceloza je okužba, ki jo povzročajo brucele (bakterije iz rodu Brucella).
The common reservoirs for Brucella bacteria that may infect humans are cattle, dogs, sheep, goats, and pigs. 
Običajni rezervoar bakterij Brucella, ki lahko okužijo ljudi, so govedo, psi, ovce, koze in prašiči.
Brucellosis occurs worldwide but the Mediterranean region has been particularly affected. 
Bruceloza se pojavlja po celem svetu, posebno prizadeto pa je Sredozemlje.
Humans become infected by direct or indirect contact with animals or with contaminated animal products (including unpasteurised milk and dairy products) or by the inhalation of aerosols. 
Ljudje se okužijo ob neposrednem ali posrednem stiku z živalmi ali z okuženimi živalskimi izdelki (vključno z nepasteriziranim mlekom in mlečnimi izdelki) ali z vdihavanjem aerosolov.
After an incubation period of five to 60 days, symptoms may appear either acutely or insidiously. 
Po inkubacijski dobi pet do 60 dni se lahko simptomi pojavijo akutno ali bolj prikrito.
Untreated, the disease may become chronic. 
Če bolezni ne zdravimo, lahko postane kronična.
The various symptoms are both general (fever, weakness, joint pain) and organ-specific (including infections in the brain infection and heart valves). 
Različni simptomi so tako splošni (povišana telesna temperatura, šibkost, bolečine v sklepih) kot specifični za posamezen organ (vključno z okužbami v možganih in okužbo srčnih zaklopk).
Untreated, brucellosis can lead to death. 
Če bruceloze ne zdravimo, lahko povzroči smrt.
Prolonged antibiotic treatment is usually effective. 
Podaljšano zdravljenje z antibiotiki je običajno učinkovito.
Control measures include animal vaccination and/or test-and-slaughter of infected animals, as well as pasteurisation of milk and dairy products. 
Kontrolni ukrepi vključujejo cepljenje živali in/ali testiranje in zakol okuženih živali ter pasterizacijo mleka in mlečnih izdelkov.
Campylobacter infection 
Okužba z bakterijo Campylobacter
Campylobacteriosis is a diarrhoeal disease caused by Campylobacter bacteria, found in animals such as poultry, cattle, pigs, wild birds and wild mammals. 
Kampilobakterioza je bolezen z drisko, ki jo povzroča bakterija Campylobacter, ki je prisotna v živalih, kot so perutnina, govedo, prašiči, divje ptice in divji sesalci.
The most frequent way of getting infected is through the consumption of contaminated food (mainly poultry) or water. 
Najpogostejši način okužbe je zaužitje kontaminirane hrane (predvsem perutnine) ali vode.
Other risk factors include swimming in natural surface-waters and direct contact with infected animals. 
Drugi dejavniki tveganja so plavanje v naravnih površinskih vodah in neposredni stik z okuženimi živalmi.
After an incubation period of 2–5 days (range 1–10 days) common symptoms are severe abdominal pain, watery and/or bloody diarrhoea and fever. 
Po inkubacijski dobi 2– 5 dni (v razponu 1– 10 dni) so pogosti simptomi hude bolečine v trebuhu, vodena in/ali krvava driska in povišana telesna temperatura.
Chikungunya fever 
Vročica Čikenganja
Chikungunya is present in parts of Africa, Southeast Asia and on the Indian subcontinent. 
Čikenganja je prisotna v nekaterih delih Afrike, jugovzhodne Azije in na Indijski podcelini.
Usually, symptoms last for a few days and the disease is self-limiting but occasionally they will persist and result in hospitalisation. 
Simptomi navadno trajajo nekaj dni in bolezen izzveni sama, občasno pa simptomi ne izginejo in privedejo do hospitalizacije.
Antimicrobial therapy is seldom needed. 
V redkih primerih je potrebno protimikrobno zdravljenje.
Campylobacter infection has been associated with complications such as later joint inflammation (5–10% of cases) and, on rare occasions, Guillain-Barré syndrome (a temporary but severe paralysis that may be total). 
Okužbo z bakterijo iz rodu Campylobacter povezujemo z zapleti, kot so kasnejše vnetje sklepov (v 5– 10 % primerov), v redkih primerih pa tudi z Guillain-Barréjevim sindromom (prehodno, a hudo paralizo, ki lahko prizadene celo telo).
The most recent large outbreaks were reported in 2005–2006 from Réunion Island, Mauritius, Mayotte and several Indian states. 
O nedavnih obsežnih izbruhih so poročali v letih 2005– 2006 z otokov La Réunion, Mauricius in Mayotte ter iz več indijskih držav.
The first transmission within continental Europe was reported from north-eastern Italy in August 2007. Every year, imported cases among tourists are identified in several European countries 
O prvem prenosu na celinsko Evropo so poročali avgusta leta 2007 v severovzhodni Italiji. Vsako leto v številnih evropskih državah poročajo o primerih, ko bolezen prinesejo turisti.
Chlamydia infection 
Okužba s klamidijo
As a prophylactic measure, control of Campylobacter colonisation in poultry is important, as well as hygienic processing of meat, and the protection and control of private drinking water supplies. 
Kot profilaktični ukrep je pomemben nadzor kolonizacije bakterije Campylobacter pri perutnini, pa tudi higiensko neoporečna predelava mesa ter zaščita in nadzor zasebnih sistemov za oskrbo s pitno vodo.
Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) 
Krimsko-kongoška hemoragična mrzlica (CCHF)
Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne viral disease with symptoms such as high fever, muscle pain, dizziness, abnormal sensitivity to light, abdominal pain and vomiting. 
Krimsko-kongoška hemoragična mrzlica (CCHF) je virusna bolezen, ki jo prenašajo klopi, s simptomi, kot so močno povišana telesna temperatura, bolečine v mišicah, omotica, nenormalna občutljivost na svetlobo, bolečine v trebuhu in bruhanje.
Later on, sharp mood swings may occur, and the patient may become confused and aggressive. 
Pozneje se lahko pojavijo huda nihanja razpoloženja, bolnik lahko postane zmeden in agresiven.
CCHF virus is widespread and evidence for the virus has been found among ticks in Africa, Asia, the Middle East and Eastern Europe. 
Virus CCHF je široko razširjen, njegovo prisotnost so odkrili pri klopih v Afriki, Aziji, na Bližnjem vzhodu in v Vzhodni Evropi.
Recently outbreaks have occurred in the Balkans and in North-Eastern Turkey. 
Nedavno so se pojavili izbruhi na Balkanu in v severovzhodni Turčiji.
Chikungunya fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease with symptoms such as fever, joint pain, muscle pain, headache and nose and gum bleeding. 
Čikenganja je virusna vročinska bolezen, ki jo prenašajo komarji, s simptomi, kot so povišana telesna temperatura, bolečine v sklepih, bolečine v mišicah, glavobol ter krvavitve iz nosu in dlesni.
Chikungunya is present in parts of Africa, Southeast Asia and on the Indian sub-continent. 
Čikenganja je prisotna v nekaterih delih Afrike, jugovzhodne Azije in na Indijski podcelini.
Recent and very large outbreaks have been reported from La Réunion, Mauritius, Mayotte and several Indian states. 
O nedavnih zelo obsežnih izbruhih so poročali z otokov La Réunion, Mauricius, Mayotte in iz več indijskih držav.
Imported cases among tourists have been identified in several European countries. 
V številnih evropskih državah so ugotovili primere, ko so bolezen prinesli turisti.
The first spread within Europe was reported from North-Eastern Italy in August 2007. 
O prvem širjenju po Evropi so poročali iz severovzhodne Italije avgusta 2007.
Chlamydiae are bacteria capable of producing infection in several organ systems. 
Klamidija so bakterije, ki povzročajo okužbo v več organskih sistemih.
In Europe the most important infections are sexually transmitted infections (STI). 
V Evropi so najpomembnejše spolno prenosljive okužbe (SPO).
They are due to Chlamydia trachomatis causing uro-genital disease and “lymphogranuloma venereum” (LGV), a systemic disease with swollen lymph nodes in the groin. 
Povzroča jih Chlamydia trachomatis, ki povzroča urogenitalno bolezen in venerični limfogranulom (LGV), sistemsko bolezen z oteklimi bezgavkami v dimljah.
The incubation period of chlamydia STIs is between two and three weeks. 
Inkubacijska doba za SPO s klamidijo je dva do tri tedne.
Chlamydia trachomatis responds promptly to antibiotic treatment. 
Chlamydia trachomatis se takoj odzove na antibiotično zdravljenje.
However, uro-genital Chlamydia infection often remain without symptoms and can undetected cause infertility. 
Vendar pa urogenitalna okužba s klamidijo pogosto nima simptomov in lahko, če je ne odkrijemo, povzroči neplodnost.
Chlamydia infection is the most frequently reported bacterial STI in several European countries. 
Okužba s klamidijo je najpogostejša bakterijska SPO v več evropskih državah.
LGV is now also increasing, having until recently occurred only sporadically in the western world and since 2004, LGV infection has been noted in several large European cities among men who have sex with men. 
Zdaj se širi tudi LGV, ki se je do nedavnega v zahodnem svetu pojavljal le sporadično, od leta 2004 pa so okužbo z LGV zabeležili v več velikih evropskih mestih med moškimi, ki imajo spolne odnose z moškimi.
Sexual partners need to be evaluated and eventually treated to prevent mutual re-infection and/or further spread of disease. 
Spolne partnerje je treba testirati in jih po potrebi zdraviti, s čimer se prepreči vzajemna ponovna okužba in/ali nadaljnje širjenje bolezni.
Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholera of serogroups O1 or O139. 
Kolera je akutna okužba z drisko, ki jo povzroča bakterija Vibrio cholera serološke skupine O1 ali O139.
Humans are the only relevant reservoir, even though Vibrios can survive for a long time in coastal waters contaminated by human excreta. 
Ljudje so edini pomembni rezervoar, čeprav lahko bakterija Vibrio dolgo časa preživi v obalnih vodah, kontaminiranih s človeškimi izločki.
Consumption of contaminated water and food, especially seafood eaten under-cooked, results in infection. 
Okužbo povzroča zaužitje kontaminirane vode in hrane, zlasti nezadostno kuhane morske hrane.
After a short incubation period of less than five days, the typical symptoms might develop, characterised by vomiting and watery diarrhoea. 
Po kratki inkubacijski dobi manj kot pet dni se lahko pojavijo značilni simptomi, ki jih zaznamujeta bruhanje in vodena driska.
In most cases, though, symptoms are mild or absent and infected individuals become carriers with no symptoms. 
Vendar pa so v večini primerov simptomi blagi ali jih ni, okuženi posamezniki pa postanejo prenašalci brez simptomov.
With timely treatment (fluid replacement and antibiotics), less than 1% of patients with symptoms die. 
Ob pravočasnem zdravljenju (nadomeščanje tekočine in antibiotiki) umre manj kot 1 % bolnikov s simptomi.
The disease has not been endemic in Europe for a long time, and thanks to high hygiene standards the potential for imported cases to generate further ones is low. 
Bolezen v Evropi dolgo časa ni bila endemična in po zaslugi visokih higienskih standardov je verjetnost, da bi zaradi uvoženih primerov nastali novi primeri, majhna.
Climate change 
Podnebne spremembe
Clostridium difficile infection 
Okužba s Clostridium difficile
Clostridium difficile is a bacterium that is widely distributed in soil and intestinal tracts of animals. 
Clostridium difficile je bakterija, ki je široko razširjena v tleh in črevesnih traktih živali.
The clinical spectrum ranges from mild diarrhoea to severe life threatening infection of the wall of the large bowel. 
Klinični spekter je v razponu od blage driske do hude smrtno nevarne okužbe stene debelega črevesa.
The disease is often (but not always) associated with previous antibiotic use, and has mainly been spread within hospitals. 
Bolezen je pogosto (a ne vedno) povezana s predhodno uporabo antibiotikov in se je širila pretežno v bolnišnicah.
There is an increase of reports of community-acquired infection. 
Vedno več pa je poročil o zunajbolnišničnih okužbah.
The transmission of C. difficile can be patient-to-patient, via contaminated hands of healthcare workers or by environmental contamination. 
C. difficile se lahko prenaša z bolnika na bolnika, z nečistimi rokami zdravstvenih delavcev ali prek kontaminiranega okolja.
Since March 2003, increasing rates of Clostridium difficile infection with a more severe course, higher mortality, and more complications have been reported in Canada and USA. 
Od marca 2003 so v Kanadi in ZDA poročali o porastu okužb s Clostridium difficile s hujšim potekom, večjo umrljivostjo in več zapleti.
Cryptosporidiosis 
Kriptosporidioza