natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The youngest and the elderly are those most prone to invasive pneumococcal infections, such as severe blood infection, meningitis and pneumonia. 
Za invazivne pnevmokokne okužbe, kot so huda okužba krvi, meningitis in pljučnica, so najbolj dovzetni najmlajši in starejši.
Carriage of pneumococci without symptoms in the nose of young children is common. 
Brezsimptomatsko pnevmokokno klicenoštvo v nosu majhnih otrok je dokaj pogosto.
An older generation of pneumococcal vaccines (polysaccharide vaccines) are registered throughout the world. 
Vsepovsod po svetu je registrirana starejša generacija pnevmokoknih cepiv (polisaharidnih cepiv).
They protect against invasive pneumococcal disease in adults. 
Ta ščitijo odrasle pred invazivno pnevmokokno boleznijo.
Such vaccines, instead, have little effect in children under five years of age and do not prevent the carriage without symptoms. 
Vendar pa so takšna cepiva pri otrocih, mlajših od petih let, le malo učinkovita in ne preprečujejo klicenoštva brez simptomov.
A new generation of (conjugated) vaccines appears to be highly efficient against invasive disease and it also prevents nasopharyngeal carriage. 
Kaže, da je nova generacija (konjugiranih) cepiv visoko učinkovita proti invazivni bolezni in hkrati preprečuje tudi nazifaringealno klicenoštvo.
These vaccines cover the types of the bacteria commonly seen in childhood invasive disease and also those associated with antimicrobial resistance. 
Ta cepiva pokrivajo vrste bakterij, ki so pogoste pri bolezni, invazivni v otroštvu, pa tudi tiste vrste, ki jih povezujemo z odpornostjo na antibiotike.
Polio 
Poliomielitis
Polio is caused by polioviruses, classified into types 1, 2 and 3. 
Poliomielitis povzročajo poliovirusi, razvrščeni v tipe 1, 2 in 3.
Humans are the only reservoir of infection: the poliovirus is found in the bowel and in the throat of infected individuals. 
Ljudje so edini rezervoar za okužbo: poliovirus se nahaja v črevesju in v grlu okuženih posameznikov.
Transmission occurs via the oral-faecal route or contact with saliva. 
Prenos poteka prek oralno-fekalne poti ali stika s slino.
Most infections remain completely without symptoms, while 10% of cases develop mild symptoms only, such as fever, malaise, nausea, and vomiting. 
Večina okužb ostane povsem brez simptomov, medtem ko se v 10 % primerov pojavijo samo blagi simptomi, kot so povišana telesna temperatura, slabo počutje, slabost in bruhanje.
However, after exposure and an incubation period of about one to two weeks the virus can spread from the digestive tract to the central nervous system, resulting in meningitis and neural damage with paralysis (the latter in less than 1% of cases). 
Vendar pa se po izpostavitvi in inkubacijski dobi približno enega do dveh tednov virus lahko razširi iz prebavil v centralni živčni sistem; posledica je meningitis in poškodba živcev s paralizo (slednja nastopi v manj kot 1 % primerov).
No specific therapy is available against the virus. 
Proti virusu ni na voljo nobenega posebnega zdravljenja.
Childhood immunisation programmes with live weakened oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) or with inactivated, injectable poliovirus vaccine (IPV) has been very effective. 
Programi imunizacije v otroštvu z živim oslabljenim peroralnim poliovirusnim cepivom (OPV) ali inaktiviranim poliovirusnim cepivom za injiciranje (IPV) so se izkazali za zelo učinkovite.
On the European continent, the last case of paralysis caused by polio was reported from Turkey in November 1998. In June 2002, the WHO European region was declared polio free. 
Na evropski celini so o zadnjem primeru paralize, ki jo je povzročil poliovirus, poročali iz Turčije novembra 1998. Junija 2002 je bila Evropska regija SZO razglašena za območje brez poliovirusa.
Since the virus is still present in other parts of the world, importation of cases remains possible and travellers to endemic areas should be adequately counselled. 
Ker je virus v drugih predelih sveta še vedno prisoten, še vedno obstaja možnost uvoza virusa, zato je treba potnike v endemična območja primerno poučiti.
Puumala virus infection 
Okužba z virusom Puumala
Puumala viruses occur mainly in Europe and Russia. 
Virus Puumala se pojavlja pretežno v Evropi in Rusiji.
Infection in humans occurs through inhalation of virus in aerosol from excreta of infected rodents. 
Okužba pri ljudeh se pojavi zaradi vdihavanja virusa v aerosolu iz izločkov okuženih glodalcev.
Up to 80% of infections may be without symptoms. 
Do 80 % okužb utegne biti brez simptomov.
Clinical illness results in a syndrome called “haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome” (also called “nephropatia epidemica”). 
Klinična bolezen privede do sindroma, imenovanega »hemoragična mrzlica z ledvičnim sindromom« (imenovana tudi »epidemična nevropatija«).
The symptoms are fever, general tendency of bleeding and kidney failure. 
Simptomi so povišana telesna temperatura, splošna nagnjenost h krvavitvam in ledvična odpoved.
Less than 0.5% of those who get the infection die. 
Manj kot 0,5 % okuženih bolnikov umre.
Q fever is a common zoonosis (infection that could transmit from animals to humans), caused by Coxiella burnetii. 
Mrzlica Q je pogosta zoonoza (okužba, ki se lahko prenaša z živali na ljudi), ki jo povzroča bakterija Coxiella burnetii.
Natural reservoirs include several domestic and wild animals, most of which show no signs of disease (although infection can cause abortions). 
Naravni rezervoar je več domačih in divjih živali; večina izmed njih ne kaže znakov bolezni (čeprav lahko okužba povzroča splave).
Due to the high resilience in the environment of Coxiella, humans are most often infected by inhalation of aerosols produced in contaminated locations, but other modes of infection have been documented (including food-borne). 
Zaradi visoke vzdržljivosti bakterije Coxiella v okolju se ljudje najpogosteje okužijo z vdihavanjem aerosolov, nastalih na kontaminiranih lokacijah, vendar pa so bili zabeleženi tudi drugi načini okužbe (vključno s prenašanjem s hrano).
After an incubation period of, usually, 2–3 weeks, disease symptoms may appear but more frequently they do not. 
Po inkubacijski dobi, ki traja navadno 2– 3 tedne, se lahko pojavijo simptomi bolezni, vendar se ponavadi ne.
Which systems are in place and in use to ensure laboratory quality in the EU? 
Kateri sistemi so vzpostavljeni in se izvajajo za zagotovitev kakovosti laboratorijev v EU?
What is the role of ECDC? 
Kakšna je vloga centra ECDC?
A serious clinical picture can suddenly emerge characterised by high fever, eye infection, respiratory tract infection, and severe headache. 
Nenadoma se lahko pojavi resna klinična slika za katero je značilna močno povišana telesna temperatura, okužba oči, okužba dihal in hud glavobol.
Occasionally, the infection takes a chronic course, leading to infection of the heart valves, hepatitis and other organ involvement. 
Občasno se okužba lahko spremeni v kronično in povzroči okužbo srčnih zaklopk, hepatitis ter prizadetost drugih organov.
Acute cases respond to appropriate antibiotic treatment but infected heart valves may require surgery. 
Akutni primeri se odzovejo na ustrezno antibiotično zdravljenje, v primeru okuženih srčnih zaklopk pa utegne biti potrebna operacija.
The mainstays of prevention aim at avoiding the production and inhalation of contaminated dust and the consumption of potentially contaminated food (e.g. un-pasteurised milk). 
Glavna oblika preventive je preprečevanje nastajanja in vdihavanja kontaminiranega prahu ter uživanja potencialno okužene hrane (npr. nepasteriziranega mleka).
Rabies 
Steklina
Rabies is a disease caused by rabies virus (a Lyssavirus). 
Steklina je bolezen, ki jo povzroča virus stekline (virus lyssa).
Classic rabies is essentially a zoonosis (infection that could spread from animals to humans), and most animals are susceptible to it. 
Klasična steklina je v bistvu zoonoza (okužba, ki se lahko širi z živali na človeka), zanjo pa je dovzetnih večina živali.
The main reservoir is wild and domestic canids (dogs, wolves, foxes, coyotes, dingoes, jackals). 
Glavni rezervoar so divji in domači kanidi (psi, volkovi, lisice, kojoti, dingi, šakali).
Six other Lyssaviruses are now recognised, whose potential of giving disease in humans is variable, and for which bats are the reservoir. 
Zaenkrat je znanih šest drugih vrst virusov lyssa, ki imajo različen potencial povzročanja bolezni pri ljudeh in ki imajo kot rezervoar netopirje.
Of these, two are present in Europe (European bat lyssavirus 1 and 2). 
Dve izmed teh vrst sta prisotni v Evropi (evropski netopirski različici virusa lyssa 1 in 2).
Transmission normally occurs through a bite or direct contact with the saliva of an infected animal. 
Virus se navadno prenaša z ugrizom ali neposrednim stikom s slino okužene živali.
After an incubation period of 3–8 weeks (though sometimes much longer), non-specific symptoms appear, such as headache, fever and numbness of the skin around the site of the bite. 
Po inkubacijski dobi 3– 8 tednov (ki je včasih tudi bistveno daljša) se pojavijo nespecifični simptomi, kot so glavobol, povišana telesna temperatura in odrevenelost kože okrog mesta ugriza.
Prevention is possible by vaccination, including post-exposure immunisation to be given as soon after the exposure as possible. 
Preprečevanje obsega cepljenje, vključno z imunizacijo po izpostavitvi, ki jo je treba izvesti čim prej po izpostavljenosti.
Rickettsial infection 
Okužba z rikecijo
Preventive veterinary measures include proper vaccination of cats and dogs. 
Preventivni veterinarski ukrepi vključujejo ustrezno cepljenje mačk in psov.
Oral vaccination has proven effective in preventing the spread of disease within wild animal populations. 
Peroralno cepivo se je izkazalo za učinkovito pri preprečevanju širjenja bolezni med divjimi živalskimi populacijami.
Rubella 
Rdečke
Rubella is a mild febrile rash illness caused by rubella virus. 
Rdečke so blaga febrilna bolezen z izpuščaji, ki jo povzroča virus rdečk.
It is transmitted from person to person via droplets (the virus is present in throat secretions). 
S človeka na človeka se prenaša s kapljicami (virus je prisoten v izločkih iz grla).
It affects mainly, but not only, children and when pregnant women are infected, it may result in malformation of the foetus. 
Prizadene predvsem, a ne izključno, otroke, pri okužbi nosečnic pa lahko povzroči nepravilen razvoj plodu.
Humans are the only reservoir of infection. 
Ljudje so edini rezervoar za okužbo.
About 20–50% of rubella infections remain without symptoms. 
Približno 20– 50 % okužb z rdečkami ostane brez simptomov.
Read more about rubella in the factsheet for general public and factsheet for health professionals . 
Več o rdečkah preberite v osnovnih podatkih za javnost in osnovnih podatkih za strokovnjake .
HEALTH TOPICS A-ZNETWORKEXTERNAL DOCUMENTSRELATED TOPICSEUROSURVEILLANCEREAD MORE ON ECDC SITERELATED HEALTH TOPICS 
ZDRAVSTVENE TEME A– Ž MREŽA ZUNANJI DOKUMENTI POVEZANE TEME EUROSURVEILLANCE PREBERITE VEČ NA STRANI ECDC POVEZANE ZDRAVSTVENE TEME
Salmonellosis (non-typhi, non-paratyphi) 
Salmoneloza (netifus, neparatifus)
In symptomatic cases, after an incubation period of 2–3 weeks, patients develop swollen lymph glands, malaise, rash, and upper respiratory tract symptoms. 
V simptomatskih primerih se pri bolnikih po inkubacijski dobi 2– 3 tednov pojavijo otečene bezgavke, slabo počutje, izpuščaji in simptomi zgornjih dihal.
Fever is not always present. 
Povišana telesna temperatura ni vedno prisotna.
Adult and adolescent females often manifest joint pain and joint inflammation. 
Odrasle ženske in mladoletnice pogosto občutijo bolečine v sklepih in vnetje sklepov.
Rare complications include skin bleedings, brain infection, neuritis, and inflammation of the testicles. 
Redki zapleti se kažejo kot kožne krvavitve, okužba možganov, nevritis in vnetje mod.
Enteric infections due to Salmonella bacteria are generally referred to by the term ‘salmonellosis ’ when they are due to Salmonella species other than Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi. 
Črevesne okužbe, ki jih povzročajo bakterije salmonele, skupno imenujemo „ salmoneloza “ , če je povzročitelj iz rodu Salmonella, razen v primeru vrst Salmonella typhi in Salmonella paratyphi.
The most serious consequences of rubella infection occur when it is acquired during the first 3 months of pregnancy. 
Najhujše posledice okužbe z rdečkami nastopijo, če se nosečnica okuži v prvih 3 mesecih nosečnosti.
In this situation the virus can affect all the organs of the developing foetus, causing foetal death, miscarriage, or congenital malformation. 
V takšnem primeru lahko virus prizadene vse organe razvijajočega se plodu, povzroči fetalno smrt, splav ali kongenitalno deformacijo.
An infant infected with rubella during pregnancy can continue to shed the virus for about one year, sometimes longer. 
Dojenček, ki se je z rdečkami okužil med nosečnostjo, lahko izloča virus še približno eno leto, včasih dlje.
Enteric infections due to Salmonella bacteria are generally referred to by the term ‘salmonellosis’ when they are due to Salmonella species other than Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi. 
Črevesne okužbe, ki jih povzročajo bakterije salmonele, skupno imenujemo »salmoneloza«, če je povzročitelj iz rodu Salmonella, razen v primeru vrst Salmonella typhi in Salmonella paratyphi.
Various animals (especially poultry, pigs, cattle, and reptiles) can be reservoirs for Salmonella, and humans generally become infected by eating poorly cooked, contaminated food. 
Številne živali (zlasti perutnina, prašiči, govedo in plazilci) so lahko rezervoar salmonele, ljudje pa se navadno okužijo z zaužitjem nezadostno kuhane kontaminirane hrane.
The incubation period and the symptoms depend on the amount of bacteria present in the food, the immune status of the person and the type of Salmonella. 
Inkubacijska doba in simptomi so odvisni od količine bakterij v hrani, imunskega stanja osebe in vrste salmonele.
In general, 12 to 36 hours after the consumption of contaminated food, a clinical picture characterised by fever, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting may appear. 
Navadno se 12 do 36 ur po zaužitju kontaminirane hrane pojavi klinična slika, za katero je značilna povišana telesna temperatura, driska, bolečine v trebuhu, slabost in bruhanje.
Symptoms usually last for a few days. 
Simptomi navadno trajajo nekaj dni.
Due to the effects of dehydration, hospital admission may sometimes be required. 
Zaradi posledic dehidracije je včasih potreben sprejem v bolnišnico.
In the elderly and otherwise weak patients death sometimes occurs. 
Pri starejših in kako drugače šibkih bolnikih lahko nastopi smrt.
Elderly patients are also more prone to developing severe blood infection. 
Starejši bolniki so tudi bolj dovzetni za hudo okužbo krvi.
In addition, post-infectious complications, such as reactive joint inflammation occur in about 10% of the cases. 
Dodatno lahko v približno 10 % primerov nastopijo zapleti po okužbi, kot so reaktivno vnetje sklepov.
Diarrhoea-causing Salmonellae are present worldwide. 
Salmonela, ki povzroča drisko, je prisotna po vsem svetu.
Prophylactic measures are aimed at all stages of food supply, from production to distribution and consumption. 
Profilaktični ukrepi se izvajajo v vseh fazah oskrbe s hrano, od proizvodnje do distribucije in potrošnje.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 
Sindrom akutne respiratorne stiske (SARS)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a life-threatening respiratory disease caused by a recently identified coronavirus; the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). 
Sindrom akutne respiratorne stiske (SARS) je smrtno nevarna bolezen dihal, ki jo povzroča nedavno odkrit koronavirus, tj. s SARS-om povezani koronavirus (SARS-CoV).
This is believed to be an animal virus that recently crossed the species barrier to infect humans. 
Velja mnenje, da je to živalski virus, ki je nedavno prestopil mejo med vrstami in okužil ljudi.
Schistosomiasis 
Shistosomoza
The first cases of disease in humans are believed to have occurred in Guangdong province, China, in November 2002, but the syndrome was only recognised three months later. 
Prvi primeri bolezni pri ljudeh naj bi se bili pojavili v provinci Guangdong na Kitajskem novembra 2002, vendar so sindrom prepoznali šele tri mesece pozneje.
Following its emergence, transmission of the virus occurred person to person, mostly via droplets (inhalation). 
Po pojavu je prišlo do prenosa s človeka na človeka, večinoma kapljično (z vdihavanjem).
The incubation period ranges between 3 and 10 days. 
Inkubacijska doba je v razponu od 3 do 10 dni.
A high fever then appears accompanied by general symptoms and, often, by diarrhoea. 
Za tem se pojavi močno povišana telesna temperatura, ki jo spremljajo splošni simptomi, pogosto tudi driska.
Some days later, pneumonia becomes manifest, which in some cases progresses to produce fatal respiratory failure (overall death rate has been about 10%, but exceeded 50% for patients aged over 60 years). 
Nekaj dni pozneje se pokaže pljučnica, ki v nekaterih primerih napreduje v usodno dihalno odpoved (splošna stopnja umrljivosti je približno 10 %, vendar pri bolnikih, starejših od 60 let, preseže 50 %).
The natural reservoirs of SARS-CoV have not been identified, but a number of species of wildlife (e.g. civets, ferrets) consumed as delicacies in southern China have been found to be infected by a related coronavirus. 
Naravni rezervoarji SARS-CoV niso bili ugotovljeni, vendar so odkrili, da so bile mnoge vrste divjih živali (npr. cibetovke, beli dihurji), ki jih na južnem Kitajskem uživajo kot specialitete, okužene s sorodnim koronavirusom.
Domestic cats living in the Amoy Gardens apartment block in Hong Kong (which was heavily hit by the outbreak) were also found to be infected. 
Odkrili so, da so okužene tudi domače mačke, ki živijo v stanovanjskem kompleksu Amoy Gardens v Hong Kongu (ki ga je izbruh hudo prizadel).
Schistosomiasis, also called bilharziosis or snail fever, is a parasitic disease caused by several species of parasitic flatworms (platyhelminthes), belonging to the genus Schistosoma . 
Shistosomoza, imenovana tudi bilharzioza ali polžja mrzlica, je zajedavska bolezen, ki jo povzroča več vrst zajedavskih ploskih črvov (Platyhelminthes), ki sodijo v rod Schistosoma .
The flatworms are generally known as flukes. 
Ti ploski črvi so na splošno znani kot metljaji.
Acute Schistosoma infection is often asymptomatic, but chronic illness is frequent and manifests in different ways according to the location of the parasite, involving the gastro-intestinal, urinary or neurological system. 
Akutna okužba z metljajem Schistosoma pogosto poteka brez simptomov, kronična bolezen pa je pogosta in se kaže na različne načine, odvisne od lokacije zajedavca, ki je lahko prisoten v prebavnem, sečnem ali živčnem sistemu.
More recently, bats, ferrets and domestic cats were experimentally infected with SARS-CoV and found to efficiently transmit it. 
Nedavno so s SARS-CoV poskusno okužili netopirje, bele dihurje in domače mačke, in odkrili, da so virus uspešno prenašali.
These findings indicate that the reservoir for this pathogen may include a wide range of animal species. 
Te ugotovitve dokazujejo, da so lahko rezervoar tega patogena številne živalske vrste.
Influenza is an infectious disease with mostly respiratory symptoms caused by influenza viruses. 
Gripa je infekcijska bolezen s pretežno dihalnimi simptomi, ki jih povzročajo virusi gripe.
The southern hemisphere has a similar epidemic in its winter (June to October). 
Podobna epidemija pozimi (med junijem in oktobrom) prizadene tudi južno poloblo.
The disease can be anything from mild to very severe. 
Bolezen se lahko razvije od blage do zelo hude bolezni.
Each year there are many thousands of avoidable deaths from influenza. 
Gripa povzroči vsako leto več tisoč primerov smrti, ki bi jih bilo mogoče preprečiti.
Though death is considerably more common in older people and those with other illnesses (such as heart disease and chronic lung disease) severe disease and some deaths occur each year in healthy young and middle aged adults and children. 
Čeprav je smrt bistveno pogostejša pri starejših ljudeh in osebah z drugimi boleznimi (kot je na primer bolezen srca in kronična bolezen pljuč), vsako leto nastopijo primeri hude bolezni in nekaj primerov smrti med zdravimi mladimi odraslimi, odraslimi srednjih let in otroki.
Because the viruses causing each year's epidemics are usually similar to the last year's it is possible to produce a vaccine for the coming influenza season with a good chance that it will be protective. 
Ker so virusi, ki določeno leto povzročajo epidemijo, običajno podobni virusom iz preteklega leta, je mogoče izdelati cepivo za prihodnjo sezono gripe z velikimi možnostmi, da bo nudilo zaščito.
Shigellosis 
Griža
Shigellosis is caused by Shigella bacteria, with humans as the main reservoir. 
Grižo povzroča bakterija Shigella, katere glavni rezervoar so ljudje.
Transmission occurs by the oral-faecal route, either directly person to person or spread via contaminated food or water. 
Prenos poteka prek oralno-fekalne poti neposredno s človeka na človeka ali s širjenjem s kontaminirano hrano ali vodo.
The infective dose may be very low. 
Odmerek, ki lahko povzroči okužbo, je lahko zelo nizek.
More recently, sexual transmission among men that have sex with men has become a more common cause of outbreaks in several countries. 
Nedavno je v več državah postal pogost vzrok izbruhov prenos s spolnimi odnosi med moškimi, ki imajo spolne odnose z moškimi.
The symptoms may therefore vary between a mild enteric infection (watery, self-limiting diarrhoea) and very serious symptoms (high fever, dysentery, intestinal perforation, kidney failure). 
Simptomi so lahko v razponu od blage črevesne okužbe (vodena driska, ki izzveni sama) do zelo hudih simptomov (močno povišana telesna temperatura, griža, črevesna perforacija, odpoved ledvic).
Reactive joint inflammation and urethritis can follow the enteric symptoms. 
Črevesnim simptomom lahko sledita reaktivno vnetje sklepov in uretritis.
Antibiotic therapy and fluid replacement are effective. 
Učinkovita sta zdravljenje z antibiotiki in nadomeščanje tekočine.
Shigellosis is a leading cause of childhood deaths in developing countries. 
Griža je poglavitni razlog smrti v otroštvu v državah v razvoju.
Prevention measures are based on good general food and waste hygiene and proper hand-washing. 
Preventivni ukrepi obsegajo dobro splošno higieno hrane in odpadkov ter temeljito umivanje rok.
Smallpox 
Črne koze
Smallpox was a systemic disease, officially eradicated since 1979, caused by infection with the Variola major virus, whose only reservoir was infected humans. 
Črne koze so bile sistemska bolezen, ki je uradno izkoreninjena od leta 1979. Povzročala jo je okužba z virusom Variola major, katere edini rezervoar so bili okuženi ljudje.
The infection was usually transmitted via inhalation of droplets. 
Okužba se je običajno prenašala z vdihavanjem kapljic.
After an average incubation period of 12 days, a high fever accompanied by non-specific general symptoms abruptly appeared. 
Po povprečni inkubacijski dobi 12 dni se je nenadoma pojavila močno povišana telesna temperatura, ki so jo spremljali nespecifični splošni simptomi.
The fever then receded and a characteristic skin eruption appeared. 
Temperatura je nato upadla, pojavili pa so se značilni kožni izpuščaji.
Subsequently the fever rose again, and serious complications generally developed (pulmonary, cardio-circulatory, neurological, etc.), resulting in death in up to 50% of cases. 
Pozneje je telesna temperatura ponovno narasla in običajno so se pojavili hudi zapleti (pljučni, kardiocirkulatorni, nevrološki itd.), ki so se v do 50 % primerov zaključili s smrtjo.
Survivors who overcame this phase would see the rash resolving, leaving permanent scars. 
Pri osebah, ki so preživele to fazo, so začeli izpuščaji izginjati, vendar so pustili trajne brazgotine.
No effective therapy was available. 
Učinkovitega zdravljenja ni bilo na voljo.
The disease was preventable by an effective vaccine, whose large scale use lead to its eradication. 
Bolezen je bilo mogoče preprečiti z učinkovitim cepivom, ki je ob obsežni uporabi privedel do njenega izkoreninjenja.