natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Often, health advocacy is carried out using mass and multi-media, direct political lobbying and community mobilization. 
Pogosto se zagovorništvo zdravja izvaja prek množičnih in večpredstavnostnih medijev, neposrednega političnega lobiranja in mobilizacije skupnosti.
It may materialize within an institution or through public health associations, patients ’ organisations, private sector and NGOs. 
Izrazi se lahko v instituciji ali skozi javnozdravstvena združenja in organizacije bolnikov ter v zasebnem sektorju in nevladnih organizacijah.
All health professionals have a major responsibility to act as advocates for public health at all levels in society. 
Vsi zdravstveni strokovnjaki imajo veliko odgovornost, da delujejo kot zagovorniki javnega zdravja na vseh ravneh skupnosti.
Health education 
Zdravstveno izobraževanje
One of the main tasks of health education is to inform about lifestyles and behaviours that prevent people from various diseases. 
Ena od glavnih nalog zdravstvenega izobraževanja je obveščanje o življenjskem slogu in vedenju, ki ljudi varuje pred različnimi boleznimi.
In this sense, health education aims to influence a person ’s knowledge, attitudes and behaviours connected to health in a positive way. 
Na ta način želi zdravstveno izobraževanje pri ljudeh pozitivno vplivati na znanje, odnos in vedenje, ki so v povezavi z zdravjem.
It is a process during which people learn how to take care about their own and other people ’s health. 
To je postopek, v katerem se ljudje naučijo skrbeti za svoje zdravje in zdravje drugih.
Initiatives can either focus on improving existing medical problems or preventative education (e.g. prevent people from acquiring various diseases or guide them on how to live with a disease), in any combination of planned learning activities. 
Pobude so lahko osredotočene na izboljšanje obstoječih zdravstvenih težav ali na preventivno izobraževanje (na primer zaščita pred obolevanjem za različnimi boleznimi ali kako živeti z neko boleznijo), sestavljajo pa jih različne kombinacije dejavnosti načrtovanega učenja.
Health Education models of intervention have evolved in the past three decades. 
V zadnjih treh desetletjih so se na področju zdravstvenega izobraževanja razvili različni intervencijski modeli.
The field is quite diverse in Europe on what concerns approaches and levels of integration with public health programs. 
Pristopi in raven povezanosti z obstoječimi programi javnega zdravja pa se na tem področju v Evropi precej razlikujejo.
Health literacy 
Zdravstvena pismenost
Health literacy can be defined as the capacity that an individual has to access and effectively use health-related information, in order to promote and maintain good health. 
Zdravstveno pismenost je mogoče opredeliti kot zmožnost posameznika, da ima dostop do informacij v zvezi z zdravjem in jih učinkovito uporablja ter tako spodbuja in ohranja dobro zdravje.
While literacy can enable people to understand and communicate health information and concerns, when these are applied to a health context, it is called health literacy. 
Medtem ko pismenost ljudem omogoča, da razumejo in izražajo zdravstvene informacije in težave, se za ta dejanja na zdravstvenem področju uporablja izraz zdravstvena pismenost.
A person can be literate and still have limited health literacy. 
Nekdo je morda pismen, vendar je lahko njegova zdravstveno pismenost kljub temu omejena.
In the report Healthy People 2010 , the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services define it as “the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions.” 
V poročilu Zdravi ljudje 2010 je ameriško Ministrstvo za zdravje in človeške vire zdravstveno pismenost opredelilo kot „ stopnjo, do katere so posamezniki sposobni pridobiti, obdelati in razumeti osnovne informacije o zdravju in storitvah, ki so potrebne za sprejemanje ustreznih odločitev v zvezi z zdravjem “ .
Examples of actions that require health literacy skills include properly reading and adhering to a care or prevention program as well as being able to use the available healthcare services rationally and ponder individual behavioural change. 
Primeri delovanja, ki zahtevajo veščine zdravstvene pismenosti, vključujejo pravilno branje in upoštevanje programa nege ali preventivnega programa, sposobnost racionalne uporabe razpoložljivih storitev zdravstvene nege in razmislek o spremembi vedenja.
Increasing health literacy rates is a means to empower patients and contribute to downgrade inequalities towards a healthier, safer, more demanding society. 
Povečanje stopnje zdravstvene pismenosti pomeni krepitev vloge bolnikov, prispevanje k zmanjševanju neenakosti ter težnja k bolj zdravi, varnejši in zahtevnejši družbi.
Human papillomavirus infection (HPV infection) 
Okužba s humanimi papiloma virusi (HPV)
Factsheet for the general public on cutaneous warts 
Osnovni podatki za javnost o kožnih bradavicah
They can appear anywhere on the body but are most commonly found on hands and feet. 
Pojavijo se lahko kjer koli na telesu, običajno pa jih najdemo na rokah in stopalih.
Factsheet for the general public on genital warts 
Osnovni podatki za javnost o genitalnih bradavicah
Genital warts are various sorts of warts found on or around the penis, anus or vagina caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). 
Genitalne bradavice so različne vrste bradavic, ki se pojavijo na penisu, anusu ali vagini ali okoli teh predelov in jih povzroča humani papiloma virus (HPV).
HEALTH TOPICS A-Z 
ZDRAVSTVENE TEME A– Ž
Risk communication 
Obveščanje o tveganjih
Risk communication needs to be considered at all stages of risk management. 
Obveščanje o tveganjih je treba upoštevati na vseh ravneh obvladovanja tveganj.
It is a sustained communication process established with a diverse audience about the likely outcomes of health and behavioural attitudes. 
Je trajnostni komunikacijski proces, ki ga oblikujejo različne skupine javnosti in se navezuje na verjetne rezultate dogajanja in ravnanja na področju zdravja.
The main goal is to engage communities in discussions about environmental and health-related risks to create public understanding about their outcomes and approaches to deal with them. 
Glavni cilj je vključitev skupnosti v razprave o okoljskih in zdravstvenih tveganjih ter tako ustvariti razumevanje javnosti o možnih rezultatih in pristopih za njihovo obvladovanje.
Risk communication can be about specific health-related choices, e.g. the perceived risks associated with getting immunised, or related to behaviours, as the risks associated with sexual behaviour. 
Obveščanje o tveganjih lahko obsega posamezne izbire, povezane z zdravjem, na primer zaznana tveganja v zvezi s cepljenjem, ali pa je povezano z obnašanjem in se na primer nanaša na tveganja, povezana s spolnim vedenjem.
This approach requires a profound understanding of the distinction between the different dimensions and models of behavioural sciences. 
Ta pristop zahteva dobro poznavanje razlik med različnimi dimenzijami in modeli vedenjske znanosti.
Scarlet fever 
Škrlatinka
Scarlet fever is … 
Škrlatinka je ...
…a disease, also known as “scarlatina”, that is caused by infection of the throat with a particular bacteria. 
... bolezen, ki jo povzroča okužba grla z določeno bakterijo.
Although it used to be a serious childhood disease, most cases now are quite mild. 
Čeprav je bila nekoč huda otroška bolezen, je danes večina primerov relativno blaga.
Scarlet fever usually starts with a sore throat, headache and fever. 
Škrlatinka se običajno začne z bolečim grlom, glavobolom in povišano telesno temperaturo.
This is followed by a fine red rash that develops into many pimples (lesions) the size of pinheads, which make the skin feel like sandpaper. 
Temu sledijo drobni rdeči izpuščaji, ki se razvijejo v več mozoljčkov (lezij) v velikosti glavice bucike, zaradi česar je koža na dotik podobna brusnemu papirju.
The rash starts on the upper trunk, armpit and neck and spreads but does not usually involve the palms of the hands, soles of the feet or face, although the patient ’s cheeks will look flushed. 
Izpuščaji se najprej pojavijo na zgornjem delu telesa, v podpazduhah in na vratu, od koder se nato širijo, vendar se običajno ne pojavijo na dlaneh, podplatih ali obrazu, čeprav so lica bolnikov videti pordela.
The rash is usually seen in those under the age of 18. The skin may be itchy but will not be painful. 
Izpuščaji se običajno pojavijo pri bolnikih, mlajših od 18 let. Koža je srbeča, vendar ne boli.
Another early, characteristic symptom is a white covering of the tongue that peels away a few days later, leaving a distinctive “swollen tongue ” appearance. 
Drug značilen zgodnji simptom je bela obloga na jeziku, ki se čez nekaj dni odlušči, jezik pa potem dobi značilen „ otekel “ videz.
The tonsils may also be affected. 
Prizadeti so lahko tudi mandlji.
Other symptoms can include paleness around the mouth and swollen glands in the neck. 
Drugi simptomi so lahko bledica okoli ust in otečene bezgavke v vratu.
The skin usually peels, especially on the fingertips, toes and groin. 
Koža se običajno lušči, zlasti na blazinicah prstov, nožnih prstih in v dimljah.
The rash usually lasts for 2–4 days leading to the peeling stage, which may continue for up to six weeks. 
Izpuščaji običajno trajajo 2– 4 dni, nato pa nastopi faza luščenja, ki lahko traja še šest tednov.
Read more about scarlet fever in the factsheet for the general public . 
Več o škrlatinki preberite v osnovnih podatkih za javnost .
Social marketing 
Družbeno trženje
Using social marketing tools to conduct public health improvement programs can help to clarify goals and improve success with limited public health resources. 
Uporaba orodij družbenega trženja pri izvajanju programov za izboljšanje javnega zdravja lahko pomaga pri pojasnjevanju ciljev in doseganju boljšega uspeha z omejenimi viri javnega zdravstva.
Health-related social marketing aims at improving people ’s health and quality of their life in concrete social, political and economic environment. 
Družbeno trženje, povezano z zdravjem, teži k izboljšanju zdravja ljudi in kakovosti njihovega življenja v konkretnem družbenem, političnem in gospodarskem okolju.
It requires familiarity with the audience to whom health messages are being addressed, knowledge about relevance and importance of the problem to the target groups, ability of the group to tackle the problem and potential to promote change of an existing situation in a concrete environment. 
Zahteva poznavanje javnosti, ki ji je sporočilo namenjeno, razumevanje pomena in pomembnosti problema pri ciljnih skupinah, poznavanje zmožnosti skupine, da se sooči s konkretnim problemom, in možnosti za spodbujanje sprememb obstoječega stanja v določenem okolju.
Understanding social marketing principles and techniques is key to developing public health programs that can promote knowledge or positive behaviours as well as reduce risky ones. 
Razumevanje načel in tehnik družbenega trženja je bistvenega pomena pri oblikovanju programov javnega zdravja, ki lahko povečujejo poznavanje ali pozitivno vedenje ter zmanjšuje tvegano vedenje.
Health topics in spotlight 
Zdravstvene teme v središču
HIV/AIDS 
virus HIV/aids
HIV infection remains of major public health importance in the EU/EEA. 
Okužba z virusom HIV ostaja bistvenega pomena na področju javnega zdravja v EU/EGP.
It is characterized by distinct epidemics across countries affecting different populations. 
Zanjo so značilne posamezne epidemije v več državah, ki prizadenejo različne populacije.
Europe is now approaching the first winter season after the 2009 pandemic influenza. 
Evropa se približuje prvi zimski sezoni po pandemiji gripe v letu 2009.
What can we expect? 
Kaj lahko pričakujemo?
Has anything changed with seasonal influenza? 
So se pri sezonski gripi pojavile kakšne spremembe?
What can people do to protect themselves and others? 
Kaj lahko ljudje naredijo, da zavarujejo sebe in druge?
Surveillance 
Sprenmljanje
Surveillance is essential to understanding the epidemiology of infectious diseases. 
Nadzor je ključen za razumevanje epidemiologije nalezljivih bolezni.
Surveillance of health and disease includes ongoing data collection, analysis to convert this data into statistics, interpretation of this analysis to produce information and dissemination of this information to those who can take appropriate action. 
Spremljanje zdravja in bolezni vključuje nenehno zbiranje podatkov, njihovo analiziranje in spreminjanje v statistične podatke ter razlaganje analiz za oblikovanje informacij in njihovo posredovanje do tistih, ki lahko ustrezno ukrepajo.
Chlamydia 
Klamidija
Chlamydia is the most common sexually transmitted infection in Europe and particularly affects young people. Chlamydia is the most frequently reported sexually transmitted infection in Europe, and the number of cases is steadily increasing. 
Klamidija je najpogostejša spolno prenosljiva okužba v Evropi in prizadene predvsem mlade ljudi. Klamidija je spolno prenosljiva okužba, o kateri v Evropi najpogosteje poročajo, število okužb pa stalno narašča.
Tick-borne diseases 
Bolezni, ki jih prenašajo klopi
Ticks can carry disease. 
Klopi lahko prenašajo bolezni.
Ticks are abundant in woodlands all across Europe from early spring to late autumn. 
Na gozdnih območjih po vsej Evropi je klopov veliko od zgodnje pomladi do pozne jeseni.
They live by sucking blood from animals and occasionally bite humans. 
Živijo od sesanja živalske krvi, občasno pa ugriznejo tudi človeka.
Vaccines are powerful tools for protecting our health . 
Cepiva so močno orodje za zaščito našega zdravja .
Immunisations have lead to the control and elimination of diseases in Europe that in the past caused death and disability for millions of people. 
Imunizacije so zagotovile nadzor in izkoreninjenje nekaterih bolezni v Evropi, ki so v preteklosti povzročale smrt in invalidnost milijonov ljudi.
Tuberculosis, a global challenge 
Tuberkuloza, svetovni izziv
The treatment success rate in the EU/EEA is too low to meet global targets . 
Uspešnost zdravljenja v EU/EGP je premajhna, da bi dosegla svetovne cilje .
Only three countries successfully treated 85% or more of all previously untreated, culture-confirmed pulmonary TB cases from the 2007 cohort. 
Le v treh državah so v kohorti iz leta 2007 uspešno pozdravili 85 % ali več vseh primerov, pri katerih je bila potrjena kultura pljučne tuberkuloze in ki prej niso bili zdravljeni.
This is four countries fewer than in 2006. 
To so štiri države manj kot leta 2006.
TOP SIX HEALTH TOPICS 
NAJPOMEMBNEJŠIH ŠEST ZDRAVSTVENIH TEM
Streptococcus suis 
Streptokok suis
Streptococcus suis is an opportunistic bacterium which usually colonises the upper respiratory tract of adult pigs without causing any disease. 
Streptokok suis je oportunistična bakterija, ki običajno kolonizira zgornja dihala odraslih prašičev, ne da bi pri tem povzročila kakšno bolezen.
It can, however, be the reason for severe disease in piglets, and it is known to be responsible for large economical losses in the swine industry. 
Lahko pa je vzrok za hudo bolezen pri prašičkih in znano je, da lahko v industriji prašičereje povzroči veliko gospodarsko izgubo.
Streptococcus suis is transmitted to humans through close contact with infected pigs or pork, and people in occupational contact with pigs (e.g. pig farmers, abattoir workers, veterinarians) represent the principal risk group for the disease. 
Streptokok suis se na ljudi prenaša s stikom z okuženim prašičem ali svinjino, najbolj ogrožena skupina ljudi pa so posamezniki, ki so v poklicnem stiku s prašiči (na primer prašičerejci, delavci v klavnicah, veterinarji).
The pathogen can cause serious systemic infections, most commonly meningitis and sepsis. 
Patogen lahko povzroči hude sistemske okužbe, najpogosteje meningitis in sepso.
Other disease manifestations include pneumonia, arthritis, endocarditis, and streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (STSS). 
Drugi simptomi bolezni so pljučnica, artritis, endokarditis in sindrom, podoben streptokoknemu toksičnemu šoku.
Deafness is reported as common sequelae of the disease. 
Poročajo tudi, da je pogosta posledica bolezni gluhost.
The majority of the 700 human cases which have been reported since 1968 originated from Southeast Asia, i.e. China, Vietnam, and Northern Thailand. 
Večina od 700 primerov, o katerih so poročali od leta 1968, izvira iz jugovzhodne Azije, tj. Kitajske, Vietnama in severne Tajske.
Streptococcus suis meningitis is currently the second most common cause of acute bacterial meningitis in adults in Thailand. 
Meningitis zaradi streptokoka suis je trenutno drugi najpogostejši vzrok akutnega bakterijskega meningitisa pri odraslih na Tajskem.
Several sporadic cases have also been reported from European countries. 
O več sporadičnih primerih so poročali tudi iz evropskih držav.
Outbreaks of human infections mainly occur in low-income countries with intensive pig production, which is largely due to close contact of humans to pigs and lack of awareness of the disease within the population at risk. 
Izbruhi okužb pri ljudeh se pojavljajo predvsem v državah z nizkimi dohodki in intenzivno prašičerejo, predvsem zaradi tesnega stika ljudi s prašiči in nezadostnega poznavanja bolezni pri ogroženi populaciji.
HEALTH TOPICS A-ZRELATED HEALTH TOPICSREAD MORE ON ECDC SITE 
ZDRAVSTVENE TEME A– Ž POVEZANE ZDRAVSTVENE TEME PREBERITE VEČ NA STRANI ECDC
Zika virus is a member of the Flaviviridae family and is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes. 
Virus Zika sodi v družino Flaviviridae in se na ljudi prenaša prek komarjev.
It is related to other pathogenic vector borne flaviviruses including dengue, West-Nile and Japanese encephalitis viruses but produces a comparatively mild disease in humans. 
V sorodu je z drugimi flavivirusi, ki jih prenašajo patogeni vektorji, vključno z virusom denga, virusom zahodnega Nila in virusom japonskega encefalitisa, vendar v primerjavi z njimi pri ljudeh povzroča relativno blago obliko bolezni.
In 2007, Zika virus caused an outbreak on the island of Yap in the Pacific. 
Leta 2007 je virus Zika povzročil izbruh na otoku Yap v Tihem oceanu.
This was the first documented transmission outside of its traditional endemic areas in Africa and Asia, and Zika virus is considered an emerging infectious disease with the potential to spread to new areas where the Aedes mosquito vector is present. 
To je bil prvi dokumentiran prenos zunaj običajnih endemičnih območij v Afriki in Aziji, zato za virus Zika velja, da povzroča nastajajočo nalezljivo bolezen z možnostjo širjenja na nova območja, kjer je prisoten vektor, komar Aedes .
There is no evidence of transmission Zika virus in Europe to date and imported cases are rare. 
Do danes ni dokazov o prenosu virusa Zika v Evropo, uvoženi primeri pa so redki.
2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic 
Pandemija gripe A (H1N1) leta 2009
The present influenza A(H1N1)v virus is a new virus subtype of influenza affecting humans, which contains segments of genes from pig, bird and human influenza viruses in a combination that has never been observed before anywhere in the world. 
Ta virus gripe A (H1N1)v je nova podvrsta virusa gripe, ki prizadene ljudi in vsebuje segmente genov virusa prašičje, ptičje in človeške gripe, pred tem pa ga niso opazili še nikjer na svetu.
New viruses are often the result of a re-assortment of genes from two other viruses (swap of genes). 
Novi virusi so pogosto posledica sestavljanja genov iz dveh drugih virusov (izmenjava genov).
This A(H1N1)v virus is the result of a combination of two swine influenza viruses that contained genes of avian and human origin. 
Virus A(H1N1)v je posledica kombiniranja dveh virusov prašičje gripe, ki sta vsebovala gene ptičjega in človeškega izvora.
In focus 
V središču
New! 
Novo!
Summaries of the pandemic 
Povzetki o pandemiji
Timeline of the pandemic in Europe 
Časovni potek pandemije v Evropi
Recently updated! 
Nedavno posodobljeno!
Evaluations of the 2009 pandemic 
Ocene pandemije leta 2009
Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 – WHO declares Post Pandemic Phase 
Pandemija (H1N1) leta 2009 – SZO razglasil fazo po pandemiji
Anthrax 
Antraks (vranični prisad)
HEALTH TOPICS A-ZREAD MORE ON ECDC SITERELATED HEALTH TOPICSANNUAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL REPORTEPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA 
ZDRAVSTVENE TEME A– Ž PREBERITE VEČ NA STRANI ECDC POVEZANE ZDRAVSTVENE TEME LETNO EPIDEMIOLOŠKO POROČILO EPIDEMIOLOŠKI PODATKI
Arenavirus infection 
Okužba z arenavirusi
Arenaviruses are enveloped viruses (about 120 nm diameter) with a bi-segmented negative strand RNA genome. 
Arenavirusi so virusi z ovojnico (premera okoli 120 nm) z dvoverižno negativno verigo genoma RNK.
The typical image in electronic microscopy showing grainy ribosomal particles (“ arena ” in latin) inside the virions gave the name to this family of viruses. 
Ime je ta družina virusov dobila zaradi značilne slike v elektronski mikroskopiji, ki v notranjosti viriona kaže zrnate delce ribosomov (latinsko „ arena “ ).
In 1933, the first virus of the Arenaviridae family, the Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis (LCM) virus, was isolated in North America from a human with aseptic meningitis. 
Prvi virus iz družine virusov Arenaviridae je bil odkrit leta 1933. To je bil virus limfocitnega horiomeningitisa (LCMV), ki je bil izoliran v Severni Ameriki pri bolniku z aseptičnim meningitisom.
Other viruses causing hemorrhagic fevers were reported in South America: 
O drugih virusih, ki povzročajo hemoragične mrzlice, so poročali iz Južne Amerike:
Machupo in 1956 in the Beni province of Bolivia, Junín in north Argentina, Guanarito in Portuguesa state in Venezuela in 1989, Sabia in Brazil in 1990 and more recently Chapare in 2004 in Bolivia. 
virus Machupo se je pojavil leta 1956 v provinci Beni v Boliviji, Junín so opazili v severni Argentini, virus Guanarito so odkrili leta 1989 v pokrajini Portuguesa v Venezueli, virus Sabia se je pojavil leta 1990 v Braziliji, nazadnje pa so poročali o virusu Chapare leta 2004 v Boliviji.
Lassa fever was identified in Nigeria in 1969. 
Mrzlico Lassa so odkrili leta 1969 v Nigeriji.
Avian influenza in humans 
Aviarna influenca pri ljudeh
Influenza is a large family of different viruses, some of which affect humans and many of which affect other animals and especially birds. 
<img style="border-right:1px solid;border-top:1px solid;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid" alt=" Delci virusa aviarne influence H5N1, transmisijski elektronski mikrograf " src="http://staging.ecdcdmz.europa.eu/en/healthtopics/avian_influenza/PublishingImages/1009_influenza_avian_startpage_pic.jpg" align=right border=1> Influenca je velika družina različnih virusov – nekateri od njih prizadenejo ljudi, veliko pa jih prizadene druge živali, zlasti ptice.
Flu in birds is quite common. 
Gripa je pri pticah precej običajna.
Indeed birds are thought to be the natural hosts for these infections with wild fowl (wild ducks etc) playing the most important role. 
Ptice naj bi bile naravne gostiteljice za te okužbe, pri tem pa igra najpomembnejšo vlogo divja perutnina (divje race itd.).
Most strains of bird flu (or avian influenza to give it its scientific name) are relatively harmless to their natural bird hosts and do not infect humans - this sort is known as low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI). 
Večina sevov ptičje gripe (z znanstvenim imenom aviarne influence) je razmeroma neškodljivih za svoje naravne gostiteljice ptice in ne vpliva na ljudi – ta vrsta je znana kot nizko patogena aviarna influenca (LPAI).
However, some types of bird flu are more harmful for certain birds and animals. 
Nekatere vrste ptičje gripe pa so za nekatere ptiče in živali bolj škodljive.
They are called highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). 
Imenujejo se visoko patogena aviarna influenca (HPAI).
Since 1997, a particularly aggressive strain of highly pathogenic bird flu known as A/H5N1 has emerged. 
Od leta 1997 se pojavlja zelo agresiven sev visoko patogene ptičje gripe, znan kot A/H5N1.
It was first identified in Hong Kong where influenza cases are well reported but may have been around for longer than that elsewhere in the Far East. 
Najprej so ga odkrili v Hong Kongu, kjer so o primerih influence pogosto poročali, vendar je verjetno, da je bil v drugih predelih daljnega vzhoda prisoten že prej.