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Official Journal of the European Union C 52/37
C 52/37 EVROPSKA CENTRALNA BANKA MNENJE EVROPSKE CENTRALNE BANKE z dne 17 .
EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK OPINION OF THE EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK of 17 February 2005 at the request of the Council of the European Union on a proposal for directives of the European Parliament and of the Council recasting Directive 2000/12 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 March 2000 relating to the taking up and pursuit of the business of credit institutions and Council Directive 93/6 / EEC of 15 March 1993 on the capital adequacy of investment firms and credit institutions ( CON / 2005/4 ) ( 2005 / C 52/10 ) 1 .
marca 2000 o začetku opravljanja in opravljanju dejavnosti kreditnih institucij ter Direktive Sveta 93/6 / EGS z dne 15 . marca 1993 o kapitalski ustreznosti investicijskih družb in kreditnih institucij ( CON / 2005/4 ) ( 2005 / C 52/10 ) 1 .
On 15 September 2004 , the European Central Bank ( ECB ) received a request from the Council of the European Union for an opinion on a proposal for two directives of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 1 ) : the first directive ( hereinafter the « proposed banking directive ') recasting Directive 2000/12 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 March 2000 relating to the taking up and pursuit of the business of credit institutions ( 2 ) and the second directive ( hereinafter the « proposed capital adequacy directive ') recasting Council Directive 93/6 / EEC of 15 March 1993 on the capital adequacy of investment firms and credit institutions ( 3 ) ( hereinafter together the « proposed directives ') .
septembra 2004 prejela zahtevo Sveta Evropske unije za mnenje o predlogu za direktivi Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta ( 1 ) : prva direktiva ( v nadaljevanju : „predlagana bančna direktiva ") o ponovnem sprejetju Direktive 2000/12 / ES Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 20 . marca 2000 o začetku opravljanja in opravljanju dejavnosti kreditnih institucij ( 2 ) in druga direktiva ( v nadaljevanju : „predlagana direktiva o kapitalski ustreznosti ") o ponovnem sprejetju Direktive Sveta 93/6 / EGS z dne 15 .
institutions and investment firms .
marca 1993 o kapitalski ustreznosti investicijskih družb in kreditnih institucij ( 3 ) ( v nadaljevanju skupaj : „predlagani direktivi ") .
They will ensure the coherent application throughout the EU of the revised framework for international convergence of capital measurement and capital standards for internationally active banks ( 4 ) ( hereinafter « Basel II ') agreed in June 2004 by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision ( BCBS ) and endorsed by the central bank governors and heads of bank supervisory authorities in the Group of Ten countries .
uporabo revidiranega okvirja za mednarodno zbliževanje izračunavanja kapitala in kapitalskih standardov za mednarodno dejavne banke ( 4 ) ( v nadaljevanju : „Basel II ") , ki ga je v juniju 2004 sprejel Baselski odbor za bančni nadzor ( Basel Committee on Banking Supervision -- BCBS ) in potrdili guvernerji centralnih bank in predstojniki organov bančnega nadzora v državah skupine G-10 .
In particular , the proposed directives provide for a more comprehensive and risk-sensitive approach , fostering enhanced risk management by financial institutions , which will contribute to financial stability , inspire confidence in financial institutions and strengthen consumer protection .
Predlagani direktivi zlasti določata celovitejši in za tveganja občutljivejši pristop , ki omogoča boljše upravljanje s tveganji v finančnih institucijah , kar bo prispevalo k finančni stabilnosti , vlivalo zaupanje v finančne institucije in krepilo varstvo potrošnikov .
The proposed directives contain provisions which are essential for the soundness and stability of the financial system .
Predlagani direktivi vsebujeta določbe , ki so bistvene za trdnost in stabilnost finančnega sistema .
In accordance with the first sentence of Article 17.5 of the Rules of Procedure of the European Central Bank , the Governing Council has adopted this opinion .
V skladu s prvim stavkom člena 17.5 Poslovnika Evropske centralne banke je to mnenje sprejel Svet ECB . 3 .
In its previous contributions ( 5 ) , the ECB has been very supportive of the work of the BCBS and the European Commission over recent years to establish a revised set of rules on capital adequacy for credit institutions and investment firms .
ECB je v svojih prejšnjih prispevkih ( 5 ) nadvse podpirala delo BCBS in Evropske komisije v zadnjih letih , usmerjeno v vzpostavitev revidiranega sklopa pravil o kapitalski ustreznosti za kreditne institucije in investicijske družbe .
The ECB welcomes the fact that the BCBS reached a final agreement on Basel II .
ECB pozdravlja dejstvo , da je BCBS dosegel končni dogovor o Baslu II .
It also welcomes the fact that the Commission shortly afterwards adopted proposals which will ensure a consistent and timely implementation of Basel II by internationally active banks and investment firms in the EU , and will also extend the Basel II approach to other EU financial institutions , taking into account their specific features .
Prav tako pozdravlja dejstvo , da je Komisija kmalu po tem sprejela predloge , ki bodo zagotovili , da bodo mednarodno dejavne banke in investicijske družbe v EU dosledno in pravočasno izvedle Basel II , in ki bodo tudi razširili pristop Basla II na druge finančne institucije v EU ob upoštevanju njihovih posebnosti .
( 4 ) Basel Committee on Banking Supervision , « International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards : A Revised Framework » , Bank for International Settlements ( BIS ) , June 2004 ;
( 4 ) Baselski odbor za bančni nadzor , „International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards : A Revised Framework » ( Mednarodno zbliževanje izračunavanja kapitala in kapitalskih standardov : revidirani okvir ) , Banka za mednarodne poravnave ( BIS ) , junij 2004 ;
available on the BIS 's website .
na voljo na spletni strani BIS .
5 ( ) See in particular the comments of the ECB on the BCBS 's second consultative package of 31 May 2001 , the reply of the ECB to the BCBS 's third consultative proposals ( CP3 ) of August 2003 , and the comments of the ECB on the third consultative document of the European Commission on regulatory capital review ( hereinafter the « third consultative document ') of November 2003 ;
( 5 ) Glej zlasti pripombe ECB na drugi sklop posvetovanj BCBS z dne 31 . maja 2001 , odgovor ECB na tretje posvetovalne predloge BCBS ( CP3 ) iz avgusta 2003 in pripombe ECB na tretji dokument o posvetovanju Evropske komisije o pregledu regulativnih kapitalskih zahtev ( v nadaljevanju : „tretji dokument o posvetovanju ") iz novembra 2003 ;
documents all available on the ECB 's website . 3 .
vsi dokumenti so na voljo na spletni strani ECB .
Directive as last amended by Directive 2004/39 / EC ( OJ L 145 , 30.4.2004 , p. 1 ) . C 52/38
C 52/38 SL
The ECB is convinced that the proposed directives , once properly transposed by the Member States , will considerably strengthen the soundness and stability of the EU banking system through the application of more sophisticated , risk-sensitive capital standards .
ECB je prepričana , da bosta predlagani direktivi , ko ju bodo države članice ustrezno prenesle v nacionalno zakonodajo , znatno okrepili trdnost in stabilnost bančnega sistema EU z uporabo bolj izpopolnjenih in za tveganja občutljivih kapitalskih standardov .
The ECB therefore stresses its generally positive view of the proposed directives .
ECB zato poudarja svoje splošno pozitivno stališče do predlaganih direktiv .
However , without prejudice to this general view , the ECB has a number of general and specific remarks with regard to the proposed directives and their future application ( 1 ) .
Ne glede na to splošno mnenje pa ima ECB vrsto splošnih in posebnih pripomb v zvezi s predlaganima direktivama in njuno uporabo v prihodnosti ( 1 ) .
power to adopt , in accordance with the « comitology » procedure referred to in Article 151 of the proposed banking directive , « adjustment [ s ] of the provisions in Annexes V to XII in order to take account of developments on financial markets in particular new financial products , or in accounting standards or requirements set out in Community legislation » .
v prilogah od V do XII , s katerimi se bo upošteval razvoj na finančnih trgih , zlasti novi finančni produkti , ali pri računovodskih standardih ali zahtevah , določenih v zakonodaji Skupnosti » .
GENERAL REMARKS
Splošne pripombe
Legal instruments for consistent implementation across the EU
Pravni instrumenti za enotno izvajanje po EU
The ECB has on several occasions , in particular in ECB Opinion CON / 2004/7 on the proposed committee structure directive ( 2 ) ( which aimed to introduce into a number of existing Community directives the required amendments for the extension of the « Lamfalussy process » for financial regulation from the securities sector to all other financial sectors ) , supported the recommendations of the Inter-Institutional Monitoring Group to limit Level 1 Community legal acts to framework principles and use regulations wherever possible at Level 2 .
ECB je ob več priložnostih , zlasti v svojem Mnenju CON / 2004/7 o predlagani direktivi o strukturi odborov ( 2 ) ( katere namen je uvesti v vrsto veljavnih direktiv Skupnosti spremembe , potrebne za razširitev „Lamfalussyjevega procesa » v zvezi s finančnimi predpisi iz sektorja vrednostnih papirjev na vse ostale finančne sektorje ) , podprla priporočila Medinstitucionalne skupine za spremljanje , da se pravni akti Skupnosti na ravni ena omejijo na okvirna načela in da se na ravni dva , kadar je to le mogoče , uporabljajo uredbe .
As stated in paragraph 6 of ECB Opinion CON / 2004/7 , the ECB considers that implementation of the Inter-Institutional Monitoring Group 's recommendations could gradually lead to Level 2 acts emerging as the main body of technical rules applicable to EU financial institutions .
Kot je navedeno v odstavku 6 Mnenja CON / 2004/7 ECB , bi po mnenju ECB izvedba priporočil Medinstitucionalne skupine za spremljanje postopoma lahko privedla do tega , da bi akti na ravni dva postali glavni del tehničnih pravil , ki veljajo za finančne institucije v EU .
However , in line with the agreement to extend the Lamfalussy process from the securities sector to all other financial sectors ( 3 ) , it would have been preferable to have limited the proposed directives to cover framework principles reflecting the basic political choices and substantive matters in the field of capital adequacy for credit institutions and investment firms and to have brought the technical provisions on capital adequacy together in one directly applicable Level 2 regulation .
Vendar pa bi bilo v skladu s sporazumom o razširitvi Lamfalussyjevega procesa iz sektorja vrednostnih papirjev na vse ostale finančne sektorje ( 3 ) bolj zaželeno omejiti predlagani direktivi tako , da bi zajemali okvirna načela , ki odražajo osnovne politične odločitve in vsebinska vprašanja na področju kapitalske ustreznosti za kreditne institucije in investicijske družbe , in združiti tehnične določbe o kapitalski ustreznosti v eno neposredno uporabljivo uredbo na ravni dva .
This approach would reinforce a convergent implementation of Basel II throughout the EU , facilitate compliance by financial groups operating across different EU countries and reduce costs , as well as promoting a level playing field and further financial integration .
Ta pristop bi okrepil enotno izvajanje Basla II po vsej EU , finančnim skupinam , ki delujejo v različnih državah EU , bi olajšal spoštovanje predpisov in zmanjšal stroške , spodbujal pa bi tudi enake konkurenčne pogoje in nadaljnje finančno združevanje .
If it is considered that the proposed directives cannot at this stage be amended in line with this approach , the ECB considers that the envisaged legal structure should not be viewed as the final desirable outcome , but rather as one step in a long-term process towards establishing , whenever possible , a directly applicable set of Level 2 technical rules for financial institutions within the EU .
Če se šteje , da predlaganih direktiv na tej stopnji ni mogoče spremeniti v skladu s tem pristopom , ECB meni , da se predvidena pravna struktura ne bi smela šteti za dokončno zaželeni izid , ampak prej za enega od korakov v dolgoročnem postopku v smeri vzpostavitve , kjer je to mogoče , neposredno uporabljivega sklopa tehničnih pravil na ravni dva za finančne institucije v EU .
In the same vein , in its comments on the third consultative document , the ECB suggested that in order to implement Basel II the technical annexes to the proposed directives should be adopted directly as Level 2 measures , and , where compatible with necessary flexibility in terms of national implementation , via Community regulations .
V istem smislu je ECB v svojih pripombah na tretji dokument o posvetovanju predlagala , da bi za izvedbo Basla II morale biti tehnične priloge k predlaganima direktivama sprejete neposredno kot ukrepi na ravni dva in , kjer bi bilo to združljivo z nujno prožnostjo pri nacionalni izvedbi , z uredbami Skupnosti . Omejitev možnosti izbire in diskrecije na nacionalni ravni
In the ECB 's view , the implementation of Basel II offered a unique opportunity to revise EU capital requirements along these lines , which has not been seized .
Izvedba Basla II je po mnenju ECB ponudila enkratno priložnost za revidiranje kapitalskih zahtev EU v tej smeri , ki pa ni bila izkoriščena .
The ECB acknowledges that pursuant to Article 150 ( 1 ) of the proposed banking directive , the Commission will have the ( 1 ) It is noted that at its meeting on 7 December 2004 the ECOFIN Council agreed on a general approach regarding the proposed directives ( hereinafter the « Council 's general approach ') .
ECB priznava , da bo Komisija po členu 150 ( 1 ) predlagane bančne direktive imela , v skladu s „komitološkim » postopkom iz člena 151 predlagane bančne direktive , pooblastila za sprejetje „uskladitev določb ( 1 ) Upoštevano je , da se je Ekonomsko-finančni svet na svoji seji dne 7 . decembra 2004 sporazumel o splošnem pristopu v zvezi s predlaganima direktivama ( v nadaljevanju : „splošni pristop Sveta ") .
It requested the Presidency of the Council to continue contacts with representatives of the European Parliament in order to explore the possibility of adopting the proposed directives at the first reading .
Od predsedstva Sveta je zahteval , da nadaljuje stike s predstavniki Evropskega parlamenta z namenom raziskati možnost , da se predlagani direktivi sprejmeta v prvem branju .
The Council 's general approach also addresses some of the issues that the ECB raises in this opinion .
Splošni pristop Sveta obravnava tudi nekatera vprašanja , ki jih ECB izpostavlja v tem mnenju .
Where appropriate , reference is made to the Council 's general approach .
Kjer je to primerno , se to mnenje sklicuje na splošni pristop Sveta .
( 2 ) ECB Opinion CON / 2004/7 of 20 February 2004 at the request of the Council of the European Union on a proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Council Directives 73/239 / EEC , 85/611 / EEC , 91/675 / EEC , 93/6 / EEC and 94/19 / EC and Directives 2000/12 / EC , 2002/83 / EC and 2002/87 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council , in order to establish a new financial services committee organisational structure ( OJ C 58 , 6.3.2004 , p. 23 ) .
2 ( ) Mnenje ECB CON / 2004/7 z dne 20 . februarja 2004 na zahtevo Sveta Evropske unije o predlogu za direktivo Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta o spremembah direktiv Sveta 73/239 / EGS , 85/611 / EGS , 91/675 / EGS , 93/6 / EGS in 94/19 / ES ter direktiv 2000/12 / ES , 2002/83 / ES in 2002/87 / ES Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta za vzpostavitev nove organizacijske strukture odborov za finančne storitve ( UL C 58 , 6.3.2004 , str .
The reduction of national options is of the utmost importance , as this would simplify the regulatory framework , assist the convergence of supervisory practices and contribute to a level playing field .
Omejitev možnosti izbire na nacionalni ravni je nadvse pomembna , saj bi poenostavila pravni okvir , pomagala pri zbliževanju postopkov nadzora in prispevala k enakim konkurenčnim pogojem .
The ECB recognises the progress that has been achieved by the Committee of European Banking Supervisors ( CEBS ) towards reducing the number of options and waivers .
ECB priznava napredek , ki ga je dosegel Odbor evropskih bančnih nadzornikov ( Committee of European Banking Supervisors -- CEBS ) pri zmanjševanju primerov možnosti izbire in odstopanj .
It fully supports the endeavours of CEBS and strongly encourages further work in this field as , despite the progress achieved , a significant number of options remain which potentially hinder a level playing field .
Popolnoma podpira prizadevanja CEBS in močno spodbuja nadaljnje delo na tem področju , saj kljub doseženemu napredku še vedno ostaja precej možnosti izbire , ki bi lahko predstavljale oviro za enake konkurenčne pogoje .
Articles 68 to 73 of the proposed banking directive contain options to waive capital requirements at ( 3 ) See page 12 of the press release of the 2 580th ECOFIN Council Meeting held in Brussels on 11 May 2004 ; available on the Council 's website .
Členi od 68 do 73 predlagane bančne direktive vsebujejo možnosti za odstopanje od kapitalskih zahtev na različnih ravneh znotraj skupin . Če se te možnosti štejejo za preveč ( 3 ) Glej stran 12 sporočila za javnost o 2580 .
2.3.2005 EN
na voljo na spletni strani Sveta . 2.3.2005
various levels within groups . In the ECB 's view , if these options are considered too important to dispense with in some jurisdictions , there should at least be convergence and transparency on the situations in which they are exercised , to ensure a level playing field in the EU .
pomembne , da bi se jih v nekaterih državah odpravilo , bi morala po mnenju ECB obstajati vsaj zbliževanje in preglednost glede situacij , v katerih se izvajajo , da bi se tako zagotovili enaki konkurenčni pogoji v EU .
Given the need for a further reduction in national options , the ECB would support the introduction of a specific provision requiring the Commission to monitor the progress made in this direction and , within a reasonable period of time ( e.g. three years ) , to report to the Community institutions on the use of residual national discretion , assessing how necessary it is and whether there is a need for further regulatory initiatives .
Glede na potrebo po nadaljnjem omejevanju možnosti izbire na nacionalni ravni bi ECB podpirala uvedbo posebne določbe , ki bi od Komisije zahtevala spremljanje napredka v tej smeri in , v nekem razumnem obdobju ( npr . treh let ) , poročanje institucijam Skupnosti o uporabi preostalih primerov diskrecije na nacionalni ravni , v katerem bo ocenjeno , kako potrebna je in ali so potrebne nadaljnje regulativne pobude .
The general wording of several provisions of the proposed directives leaves a substantial margin for divergent interpretations by national authorities , thereby creating the risk of there not being a level playing field throughout the EU .
Splošnost besedila pri več določbah predlaganih direktiv dopušča nacionalnim organom precej prostora za različne razlage , zaradi česar obstaja tveganje za neenakost konkurenčnih pogojev po EU .
A specific , but not unique , example of this issue is Article 84 ( 2 ) of the proposed banking directive , which provides that the competent authorities may allow the use of the Internal Ratings Based Approach ( hereinafter the « IRB Approach ') by a credit institution if its systems for the management and rating of credit risk exposures comply with a number of conditions ( such as being « sound » , « implemented with integrity » and providing for a « meaningful assessment ') .
Poseben , a ne osamljen tak primer je člen 84 ( 2 ) predlagane bančne direktive , ki določa , da lahko pristojni organi dopustijo kreditni instituciji uporabo pristopa , temelječega na internih bonitetnih ocenah ( Internal Ratings Based Approach , v nadaljevanju : „pristop IRB ") , če njeni sistemi za upravljanje in ocenjevanje izpostavljenosti kreditnemu tveganju izpolnjujejo vrsto pogojev ( npr . da so „trdni » , „neoporečno izvedeni » in zagotavljajo „smiselno oceno ") .
This article refers to additional conditions laid down in Part 4 of Annex VII to the proposed banking directive , which leave a large degree of discretion to national implementation .
Ta člen se sklicuje na dodatne pogoje , določene v Delu 4 Priloge VII k predlagani bančni direktivi , ki dopuščajo visoko stopnjo diskrecije pri nacionalni izvedbi .
While the ECB acknowledges that it is sometimes necessary to use wording which leaves a significant degree of discretion to national authorities ( for instance in order not to hamper the development of risk management practices in credit institutions or to facilitate flexible transposition and application taking into account the different structures of national banking systems or national regulatory regimes ) , as best practices emerge in the market it would be beneficial to foster a consistent interpretation of such terms by the competent authorities .
Čeprav ECB priznava , da je včasih treba uporabiti besedilo , ki nacionalnim organom dopušča precejšnjo stopnjo diskrecije ( npr . da se ne zavira razvoj praks upravljanja s tveganji v kreditnih institucijah ali da se olajšata prožna prenos v nacionalno zakonodajo in uporaba ob upoštevanju različnih struktur nacionalnih bančnih sistemov ali nacionalnih pravnih ureditev ) , saj najboljše prakse nastanejo na trgu , bi bilo koristno omogočiti enotno razlago takšnih izrazov s strani pristojnih organov .
To this end , the Commission may decide to issue recommendations based on advice from CEBS .
Komisija bi se v ta namen lahko odločila za izdajo priporočil na podlagi nasvetov CEBS .
in Articles 129 to 132 of the proposed banking directive , is a step forward , which may , however , raise complex issues when the proposed directive is transposed and applied .
na konsolidirani osnovi ") , kot je predvideno v členih od 129 do 132 predlagane bančne direktive , korak naprej , ob katerem pa se lahko pojavijo kompleksna vprašanja , ko se bo predlagana direktiva prenašala v nacionalno zakonodajo in uporabljala .
The coordinating role provided for in Article 129 ( 1 ) , together with the provisions on information sharing laid down in Article 130 ( 2 ) and Article 132 , will streamline relations between supervisory authorities and between supervisory authorities and banks , thereby increasing efficiency by facilitating the decision-making process and reducing the overall cost of supervision .
Usklajevalna vloga , predvidena v členu 129 ( 1 ) , bo skupaj z določbami o delitvi informacij , vsebovanimi v členu 130 ( 2 ) in členu 132 , poenostavila odnose med nadzornimi organi ter med nadzornimi organi in bankami , s čimer se bo zaradi olajšanja postopka odločanja in znižanja celotnih stroškov nadzora povečala učinkovitost .
This constitutes an appropriate response to the increasing demand from banking groups with substantial crossborder activities ( 1 ) to reduce the costs they incur in meeting supervisory and regulatory requirements imposed on them by different national supervisors and regulators , which in some cases overlap or are not fully harmonised .
To predstavlja primeren odziv na naraščajočo zahtevo bančnih skupin s precejšnjo čezmejno dejavnostjo ( 1 ) po zmanjšanju stroškov , ki jim nastanejo pri izpolnjevanju nadzornih in regulativnih zahtev , ki jim jih postavljajo razni nacionalni nadzorniki in regulatorji in ki se v nekaterih primerih prekrivajo ali niso v celoti harmonizirane .