natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
January 1958 The same six countries establish the European Economic Community ( EEC ) and the European Atomic Energy Community ( Euratom ) .
Januar 1958 Ista šesterica držav ustanovi Evropsko gospodarsko skupnost ( EGS ) in Evropsko skupnost za atomsko energijo ( Euratom ) .
January 1973 Denmark , Ireland and the United Kingdom join the three European Communities .
Januar 1973 Trem evropskim skupnostim se pridružijo Danska , Irska in Združeno kraljestvo .
January 1981 Greece joins the three European Communities .
Januar 1981 Trem evropskim skupnostim se pridruži Grčija .
January 1986 Spain and Portugal join the three European Communities .
Januar 1986 Trem evropskim skupnostim se pridružita Španija in Portugalska .
February 1986 The Single European Act is adopted .
Februar 1986 Sprejet je Enotni evropski akt .
November 1993 The Treaty on European Union ( Maastricht Treaty ) , which was signed in February 1992 , enters into force .
November 1993 Veljati začne Pogodba o Evropski uniji ( Maastrichtska pogodba ) , podpisana februarja 1992 .
It establishes the European Union with a three-pillar structure : i ) the three European Communities ; ii ) the common foreign and security policy , and iii ) justice and home affairs / police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters .
Z njo se ustanovi Evropska unija treh stebrov , ki so : ( i ) tri evropske skupnosti , ( ii ) skupna zunanja in varnostna politika ter ( iii ) pravosodje in notranje zadeve / pravosodno sodelovanje v kazenskih zadevah .
January 1995 Austria , Finland and Sweden join the European Union .
Januar 1995 Evropski uniji se pridružijo Avstrija , Finska in Švedska .
May 1999 The Treaty of Amsterdam , which was signed on 2 October 1997 , enters into force ; it amends both the Treaty establishing the European Community and the Treaty on European Union .
Maj 1999 Veljati začne Amsterdamska pogodba , podpisana 2 . oktobra 1997 , ki spremeni tako Pogodbo o ustanovitvi Evropske skupnosti kot Pogodbo o Evropski uniji .
February 2003 The Treaties are further amended by the Treaty of Nice , which was signed in 2001 , to pave the way for an enlarged European Union .
Februar 2003 Pogodbi sta dodatno spremenjeni s Pogodbo iz Nice , podpisano leta 2001 , katere namen je utrditi pot do razširjene Evrope .
2003 The Convention on the future of Europe draws up a draft Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe .
2003 Na Konvenciji o prihodnosti Evrope je pripravljen osnutek evropske ustavne pogodbe .
May 2004 The Czech Republic , Estonia , Cyprus , Latvia , Lithuania , Hungary , Malta , Poland , Slovenia and Slovakia join the European Union , bringing the total number of Member States to 25 .
Maj 2004 Evropski uniji se pridružijo Češka , Estonija , Ciper , Latvija , Litva , Madžarka , Malta , Poljska , Slovenija in Slovaška , s čimer se število držav članic poveča na 25 .
June 2004 The EU Member States agree on a Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe .
Junij 2004 Države članice EU se dogovorijo o evropski ustavni pogodbi .
Eurosystem .
uvedbo eura .
Under the procedure laid down in Article 122 ( 2 ) of the EC Treaty , the EU Council had decided on 19 June 2000 that Greece fulfilled the conditions for adopting the euro .
33 Menjalno razmerje , ki bo začelo veljati 1 .
31 The conversion rate between the euro and the Greek drachma had been pre-announced in a Council Regulation32 on the same day .
januarja 2007 , je bilo določeno kot 239,640 slovenskega tolarja za en euro34 .
The introduction of the euro was completed with the cash changeover on 1 January 2002 : euro banknotes and coins were put into circulation and the residual function of the national currencies as non-decimal sub-divisions of the euro became obsolete .
1.2 PRAVNA PODLAGA TER ZNAâILNOSTI EKONOMSKE IN MONETARNE UNIJE ECB je bila ustanovljena s Pogodbo ES in je vključena v specifičen pravni in institucionalni okvir Evropske skupnosti .
Cash denominated in the legacy currencies ceased to be legal tender by the end of February 2002 and , from that date , the euro banknotes and coins became the sole legal tender in the countries of the euro area .
Euro in ECB nista primerljiva z nacionalnimi valutami in nacionalnimi centralnimi bankami , ker imata v skupnosti suverenih držav nadnacionalen status .
EMU was created within the framework of the European Communities , which itself has increased significantly since its inception in 1952 ( see Box 4 ) . The European Union now numbers 25 Member States , with the most recent addition of ten central and eastern European and Mediterranean countries on 1 May 2004 .
Za razliko od primerljivih centralnih bank , kot sta na primer ameriška in japonska centralna banka , ki predstavljata denarno oblast vsaka svoje nacionalne države , je ECB centralni organ , ki vodi denarno politiko gospodarskega območja , ki ga sestavlja 12 sicer v veliki meri neodvisnih držav .
Council Decision 2000/427 / EC of 19 June 2000 in accordance with Article 122 ( 2 ) of the Treaty on the adoption by Greece of the Single Currency in 2001 ( OJ L 167 , 7.7.2000 , p. 20 ) .
Še ena posebnost ekonomske in monetarne unije Odločba Sveta 2006/495 / ES z dne 11 .
32 Council Regulation ( EC ) No 1478/2000 of 19 June 2000 ( OJ L 167 , 7.7.2000 , p. 1 ) .
julija 2006 v skladu s členom 122 ( 2 ) Pogodbe o uvedbi enotne valute v Sloveniji 1 .
Two other eastern European countries , Bulgaria and Romania , signed the Accession Treaty in April 2005 and are set to join the EU in 2007 .
januarja 2007 ( UL L 195 , 15.7.2006 , str .
Negotiations with two further candidates , Croatia and Turkey , started in autumn 2005 .
25 ) .
Since participation in the euro area requires an EU Member State to fulfil the necessary conditions for adopting the euro , new EU Member States do not immediately join the euro area .
34 Uredba Sveta ( ES ) št .
However , they are committed to the objectives of EMU and their respective NCBs become ex officio members of the ESCB on the date of accession and prepare themselves for their eventual integration into the Eurosystem .
1086/2006 z dne 11 .
Slovenia will be the first of the ten new EU Member States to participate in the euro area , as from 1 January 2007 . Under the procedure laid down in Article 122 ( 2 ) of the EC Treaty , the EU Council decided on 11 July 2006 that Slovenia fulfilled the conditions for adopting the euro .
julija 2006 o spremembi Uredbe ( ES ) št . 2866/98 o menjalnih razmerjih med eurom in valutami držav članic , ki sprejemajo euro ( UL L 195 , 15.7.2006 , str .
33 The conversion rate , which will take effect on 1 January 2007 , has been set at 239.640 Slovenian tolars to one euro .
1 ) . 33
Unlike comparable central banks , such as the US Federal Reserve System or the Bank of Japan , which are the monetary authorities of their respective national states , the ECB is a central authority that conducts monetary policy for an economic area consisting of 12 otherwise largely autonomous states . Another specific feature of EMU is the fact that the euro area does not encompass all EU Member States since the realisation of EMU follows an approach of differentiated integration ( see Section 1.2.2 ) .
je dejstvo , da euroobmočje ne zajema vseh držav članic EU , ker uresničitev ekonomske in monetarne unije temelji na pristopu diferenciranega povezovanja ( glej razdelek 1.2.2 ) .
1.2.1 Legal basis Monetary sovereignty has been transferred to the supranational level under the terms and conditions of the EC Treaty , as amended by the EU Treaty .
1.2.1 Pravna podlaga Denarna suverenost se je v skladu s pogoji Pogodbe ES , kot je bila spremenjena s Pogodbo EU , prenesla na nadnacionalno raven .
The present European Union is not a state .
Današnja Evropska unija ni država .
It rests on the European Communities and the policies and forms of cooperation established by the EU Treaty .
Temelji na Evropskih skupnostih ter politikah in oblikah sodelovanja , določenih v Pogodbi EU .
The first pillar comprises the European Community and the European Atomic Energy Community ( Euratom ) 35 , which both possess legal personality and are governed by separate treaties .
Prvi steber obsega Evropsko skupnost in Evropsko skupnost za atomsko energijo ( Euratom ) 35 , ki sta pravni osebi in ju urejata posebni pogodbi .
These two Communities are of a supranational nature , acting within the limits of powers which have been delegated to them by the Member States .
Obe Skupnosti sta nadnacionalne narave in delujeta v okviru pristojnosti , ki so jima jih podelile države članice .
The second and third pillars of the EU are essentially intergovernmental Council Decision 2006/495 / EC of 11 July 2006 in accordance with Article 122 ( 2 ) of the Treaty on the adoption by Slovenia of the single currency on 1 January 2007 ( OJ L 195 , 15.7.2006 , p. 25 ) .
Drugi in tretji steber EU sta dejansko medvladna dogovora o skupni zunanji in varnostni politiki ( SZVP ) ter o pravosodnem sodelovanju v kazenskih zadevah .
34 Council Regulation ( EC ) No 1086/2006 of 11 July 2006 amending Regulation ( EC ) No 2866/98 on the conversion rates between the euro and the currencies of the Member States adopting the euro ( OJ L 195 , 15.7.2006 , p. 1 ) 35 The third Community , the European Coal and Steel Community ( ECSC ) , established in 1952 , was dissolved in July 2002 when the ECSC Treaty , concluded for 50 years , expired .
Teoretično bi bilo možno skleniti posebno pogodbo o ekonomski in monetarni uniji kot četrtem stebru Evropske unije , o čemer se je razmišljalo na prvih medvladnih konferencah o ekonomski in monetarni uniji36 , vendar je bilo to nazadnje zavrnjeno .
arrangements on the common foreign and security policy ( CFSP ) and police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters . In theory , it would have been possible to conclude a separate Treaty on EMU as a fourth pillar of the European Union ;
Namesto tega so bili pravni temelji ekonomske in monetarne unije postavljeni v Pogodbi ES , s tem pa se je razširila pristojnost Evropske gospodarske skupnosti .
Instead the legal foundations of EMU were enshrined in the EC Treaty , thus expanding the competence of the European Economic Community . Although Article 2 of the EU Treaty makes a brief reference to EMU as one of the Union 's objectives , all the substantive , procedural and institutional provisions are laid down in the EC Treaty .
Čeprav se člen 2 Pogodbe EU bežno sklicuje na ekonomsko in monetarno unijo kot enega od ciljev Unije , so vse vsebinske , postopkovne in institucionalne zadeve določene v Pogodbi ES .
As regards monetary policy , the Treaty provisions are further specified and substantiated in the Statute of the ESCB , which is annexed to the EC Treaty as a Protocol and thereby forms an integral part of primary Community law .
Pogodbene določbe glede denarne politike so podrobneje določene in utemeljene v Statutu ESCB , ki je priložen Pogodbi ES v obliki protokola in je tako sestavni del primarne zakonodaje Skupnosti .
This means that EMU is governed by Community law and not by intergovernmental law .
To pomeni , da za ekonomsko in monetarno unijo velja zakonodaja Skupnosti in ne medvladna zakonodaja .
This approach has built on and further developed the existing institutional framework ( avoiding the establishment of separate institutions ) and greatly facilitated the setting-up of the ECB as an organisation which is independent vis-à-vis the Member States and the Community bodies .
Takšen pristop je izhajal iz obstoječega institucionalnega okvira in ga še razvijal , vendar brez nepotrebnega ustanavljanja posebnih institucij , ter je zelo olajšal ustanovitev ECB kot organizacije , ki je neodvisna od držav članic in organov Skupnosti .
The EC Treaty also provides for the possibility of secondary Community legislation on EMU matters with a view to dealing with all those aspects of EMU that are not laid down in an exhaustive manner in primary Community law , for example , aspects of the euro itself .
Pogodba ES poleg tega dopušča možnost sprejetja sekundarne zakonodaje Skupnosti o zadevah ekonomske in monetarne unije , ki niso dovolj izčrpno opredeljene v primarni zakonodaji Skupnosti , na primer v zvezi z eurom samim .
The following Regulations form the core of the Community currency law : -* Council Regulation ( EC ) No 1103/97 of 17 June 1997 on certain provisions relating to the introduction of the euro37 , as amended by Regulation ( EC ) No. 2595/2000 of 27 November 200038 ;
Naslednje uredbe predstavljajo jedro valutne zakonodaje Skupnosti : -* Uredba Sveta ( ES ) št . 1103/97 z dne 17 .
-* Council Regulation ( EC ) No 974/98 of 3 May 1998 on the introduction of the euro39 , as amended by Regulation ( EC ) No 2596/2000 of 27 November 200040 ;
junija 1997 o nekaterih določbah v zvezi z uvajanjem eura37 , kot je bila spremenjena z Uredbo ( ES ) št . 2595/2000 z dne 27 .
-* Council Regulation ( EC ) No 2866/98 of 31 December 1998 on the conversion rates between the euro and the currencies of the Member States adopting the euro4141 , as amended by Regulation ( EC ) No 1478/2000 of 19 June 200042 ;
novembra 200038 ;
-* Council Regulation ( EC ) No 1338/2001 of 28 June 2001 laying down measures necessary for the protection of the euro against counterfeiting43 , the provisions of which were extended to the Member States not participating in the euro area by Regulation ( EC ) No 1339/200144 of the same date .
Tretja skupnost , namreč leta 1952 ustanovljena Evropska skupnost za premog in jeklo ( ESPJ ) , je bila razpuščena julija 2002 z iztekom Pogodbe ESPJ , ki je bila sklenjena za 50 let .
See Zilioli / Selmayr ( 2001 ) , p. 12 .
36 Glej Zilioli / Selmayr ( 2001 ) , str . 12 .
OJ L 162 , 19.6.1997 , p. 1 .
37 UL L 162 , 19.6.1997 , str . 1 .
38 OJ L 300 , 29.11.2000 , p. 1 .
38 UL L 300 , 29.11.2000 , str . 1 .
39 OJ L 139 , 11.5.1998 , p. 1 .
974/98 z dne 3 . maja 1998 o uvedbi eura39 , kot je bila spremenjena z Uredbo ( ES ) št .
40 OJ L 300 , 29.11.2000 , p. 2 .
2596/2000 z dne 27 . novembra 200040 ;
41 OJ L 359 , 31.12.1998 , p. 1 .
decembra 1998 o menjalnih razmerjih med eurom in valutami držav članic , ki uvajajo euro41 , kot je bila spremenjena z Uredbo ( ES ) št .
42 OJ L 167 , 7.7.2000 , p. 1 .
1478/2000 z dne 19 .
43 OJ L 181 , 4.7.2001 , p. 6 .
junija 2001 o določitvi ukrepov , potrebnih za zaščito eura pred ponarejanjem43 , katere določbe so bile z Uredbo ( ES ) št .
44 OJ L 181 , 4.7.2001 , p. 11 . 36 37
1339/200144 z istega dne razširjene na države članice , ki ne sodelujejo v euroobmočju .
In addition , the EC Treaty and the Statute of the ESCB provide for secondary Community legislation to complement some specific provisions of the Statute ( see Section 2.5.4 ) and endow the ECB with its own regulatory powers ( see Section 2.5.3 ) .
Poleg tega je tudi v Pogodbi ES in Statutu ESCB predvidena možnost dopolnitve nekaterih posebnih določb Statuta s sekundarnim pravom Skupnosti ( glej razdelek 2.5.4 ) , ECB pa so dodeljena normativna pooblastila ( glej razdelek 2.5.3 ) .
The current EU and EC Treaties were due to be superseded by the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe in November 2006 , subject to its ratification by all 25 EU Member States .
Po načrtih naj bi veljavni Pogodbi EU in ES novembra 2006 nadomestila evropska ustavna pogodba , če bi jo ratificiralo vseh 25 držav članic .
This Treaty was drawn up by the Convention on the future of Europe in 2003 and was eventually adopted by the IGC in June 2004 and subsequently ratified by 15 Member States .
To pogodbo je zasnovala Konvencija o prihodnosti Evrope leta 2003 in je bila končno sprejeta na medvladni konferenci junija 2004 , nakar jo je ratificiralo 15 držav članic .
However , following a rejection of this Treaty in France and the Netherlands by referenda in 2005 , several Member States have suspended the ratification process .
Ker pa je bila leta 2005 zavrnjena na referendumu v Franciji in na Nizozemskem , je več držav članic prekinilo postopek ratifikacije .
1.2.2 Characteristics Neither EMU nor the creation of the Single Market have been an end in themselves ; they have been instrumental in furthering the fundamental objectives of the Community .
1.2.2 Znaãilnosti Niti ekonomska in monetarna unija niti oblikovanje enotnega trga nista bila sama sebi namen , pač pa predstavljata sredstvo za pospeševanje temeljnih ciljev Skupnosti .
Article 2 of the EC Treaty states that these fundamental objectives include « a harmonious , balanced and sustainable development of economic activities , a high level of employment [...
Člen 2 Pogodbe kot temeljne cilje Skupnosti med drugim navaja „skladen , uravnotežen in trajnosten razvoj gospodarskih dejavnosti , visoko stopnjo zaposlenosti [...
] , sustainable and noninflationary growth a high degree of competitiveness and convergence of economic performance [...
] , trajnostno in neinflatorno rast [ ter ] visoko stopnjo konkurenčnosti in konvergence ekonomskih učinkov [...
Under Article 4 of the EC Treaty , the guiding principles with constitutional status to achieve these fundamental objectives are « stable prices , sound public finances and monetary conditions and a sustainable balance of payments » and the « principle of an open market economy with free competition » .
Po členu 4 Pogodbe ES so vodilna načela z ustavnim statusom za doseganje teh temeljnih ciljev „stabilne cene , zdrave javne finance in monetarni pogoji ter uravnotežena plačilna bilanca » , ter tudi „načelo odprtega tržnega gospodarstva s svobodno konkurenco » .
Within this overall policy framework , the EC Treaty assigns clear responsibilities to both monetary and economic policy .
V okviru tega splošnega okvira usmeritev Pogodba ES nalaga jasne naloge tako denarni kot ekonomski politiki .
The monetary and economic aspects of EMU The monetary and economic aspects of EMU have been organised differently .
Denarni in ekonomski vidiki ekonomske in monetarne unije Denarni in ekonomski vidiki ekonomske in monetarne unije so organizirani različno .
Whereas monetary and exchange rate policies have been denationalised and centralised at the Community level , the responsibility for economic policy has remained with the Member States although national economic policies are to be conducted within a Community framework for cooperation in macroeconomic policies .
Medtem ko sta se denarna in tečajna politika prenesli z ravni držav članic na raven Skupnosti in se s tem centralizirali , pa je odgovornost za ekonomsko politiko ostala v rokah držav članic , pri čemer jih morajo slednje zaradi sodelovanja na področju makroekonomske politike voditi v okviru Skupnosti .
The differences in organisation respect the principle of subsidiarity ( Article 5 of the EC Treaty ) , i.e. the allocation of policy responsibilities to the Community level is only justified : -* if the Member States cannot sufficiently achieve the given objectives by themselves ; or -* if the Community , by reason of the scale or effects of the proposed action , is better placed to achieve the objectives .
Razlike v organizaciji odražajo načelo subsidiarnosti ( člen 5 Pogodbe ES ) , tj . dejstvo , da je prenos politične odgovornosti na raven Skupnosti upravičen le : -* če države članice same ne morejo zadovoljivo doseči zadanih ciljev oziroma -* če je Skupnost primernejša za dosego ciljev zaradi obsega ali učinkov predlaganih ukrepov .
As explained below , centralisation at the Community level is justified for monetary and exchange rate policy because a single currency and national monetary and exchange rate policies are mutually exclusive .
Kot je razloženo v nadaljevanju , je centralizacija na ravni Skupnosti upravičena le v primeru denarne in tečajne politike , ker se enotna valuta ter nacionalna denarna in tečajna politika medsebojno izključujejo .
The situation is different for economic policies .
Situacija pa je drugačna v primeru ekonomskih politik .
To the extent that the Community framework ensures that national economic policies are actually in line with the aforementioned objectives of EMU , the conduct of such policies is best located at the national level . Thus , even a fully integrated economic zone like the euro
Če okvir Skupnosti zagotavlja skladnost nacionalnih ekonomskih politik s prej omenjenimi cilji ekonomske in monetarne unije , je najboljše , da se te politike vodijo na nacionalni ravni .
area does not provide a compelling argument for a full transfer of economic policy responsibilities to the Community .
Tako niti povsem integrirano območje , kot je območje enotne valute , ne daje prepričljivega argumenta za popoln prenos odgovornosti za ekonomsko politiko na raven Skupnosti .
Monetary and exchange rate policy The ECB , as the core of both the ESCB and the Eurosystem , has been assigned exclusive responsibility for the single monetary policy for the euro area ( see Section 2.1 ) .
Denarna in teãajna politika ECB , ki je središče ESCB in Eurosistema , je prevzela izključno odgovornost za enotno denarno politiko euroobmočja ( glej razdelek 2.1 ) .
A single currency requires a single monetary policy with centralised decision-making .
Enotna valuta namreč zahteva enotno denarno politiko s centraliziranim odločanjem .
Since some monetary policy decisions need to be taken on a day-to-day basis , the decision-making framework must be permanent and institutionalised in a legal entity that is liable and politically accountable for its activities .
Ker je treba nekatere sklepe o denarni politiki sprejemati dnevno , mora biti okvir za sprejemanje odločitev trajen in institucionaliziran v okviru pravne osebe , ki je tudi politično odgovorna za svoje delovanje .
Furthermore , given the mandate of monetary policy to maintain price stability , decision-making had to be entrusted to a body that was independent of both the Community institutions and the Member States ( see Section 4.1 ) .
Poleg tega je bilo treba postopek sprejemanja odločitev o denarni politiki -- glede na njen cilj ohranjanja cenovne stabilnosti -- zaupati organu , ki je neodvisen tako od institucij Skupnosti kot od držav članic ( glej razdelek 4.1 ) .
Exchange rate policy has also been denationalised and centralised .
Tudi tečajna politika je bila denacionalizirana in centralizirana .
As a single currency has a single exchange rate , there can only be one single exchange rate policy .
Enotna valuta ima namreč enoten tečaj , zato lahko obstaja samo ena tečajna politika .
Exchange rate policy decisions for the euro area are made jointly by the ECB and the ECOFIN Council , with the Council having the final say ( see Section 3.2.1 ) .
Odločitve o tečajni politiki euroobmočja sprejemata skupaj ECB in Ekonomsko-finančni svet , pri čemer ima slednji zadnjo besedo ( glej razdelek 3.2.1 ) .
Economic policy Unlike monetary and exchange rate policy , the responsibility for economic policy has largely remained with the Member States .
Ekonomska politika Za razliko od denarne in tečajne politike je odgovornost za ekonomsko politiko v veliki meri ostala v pristojnosti držav članic .
Under Article 4 ( 1 ) of the EC Treaty , the Community 's economic policy is based on « the close coordination of Member States » economic policies , on the internal market and on the definition of common objectives [...
V skladu s členom 4 ( 1 ) Pogodbe ES ekonomska politika Skupnosti temelji na „tesnem usklajevanju ekonomskih politik držav članic , notranjem trgu in opredelitvi skupnih ciljev [...
Article 98 of the EC Treaty states that « Member States shall conduct their economic policies with a view to contributing to the achievement of the objectives of the Community [...
Člen 98 Pogodbe ES določa , da „države članice vodijo svoje ekonomske politike tako , da bi prispevale k doseganju ciljev Skupnosti [...
] and in the context of the broad guidelines referred to in Article 99 ( 2 ) » .
] , in v okviru širših smernic , navedenih v členu 99 ( 2 ) » .
Article 99 ( 1 ) of the EC Treaty requires the Member States « to regard their economic policies as a matter of common concern » and « to coordinate them within the Council » .
Člen 99 ( 1 ) Pogodbe ES od držav članic zahteva , da „obravnavajo svoje ekonomske politike kot zadevo skupnega pomena in jih usklajujejo v okviru Sveta » .