natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
These checks are either carried out online ( i.e. during production ) or offline ( i.e. a sample is removed from production ) and also on a spot check or 100 % basis , depending on the parameters to be checked .
Ti pregledi navadno potekajo elektronsko ( med samim proizvodnim postopkom ) ali ročno ( na vzorcu , vzetem iz proizvodnje ) , vključujejo pa tudi pregled naključnih vzorcev ali celotne proizvodnje , odvisno od parametrov , ki jih je treba preveriti .
For example , the printing works have introduced a final automatic quality check of their banknotes on high-speed processing machines at the end of the production process .
Tako so tiskarne na primer uvedle končni samodejni pregled kakovosti bankovcev v strojih za hitro obdelavo na koncu proizvodnega procesa .
Defective banknotes are either automatically removed and subsequently destroyed , or shredded immediately in the machine .
Neustrezne bankovce stroji bodisi najprej izločijo in šele zatem uničijo ali pa razrežejo že takoj med pregledom .
Plate cylinders for printing ? 50 banknotes and a rubber printing blanket in an offset printing machine .
Ploščni valji za tiskanje bankovcev za 50 Euros in valj z gumijasto prevleko v ofsetnem tiskarskem stroju .
Plate cylinder for printing ? 50 banknotes in an intaglio printing machine .
Ploščni valj za tiskanje bankovcev za 50 Euros v tiskarskem stroju za globoki tisk .
A silkscreen printing machine for applying colour-shifting ink to ? 50 banknotes .
Tiskarski stroj za sitotisk , s katerim se tiska številka spremenljive barve na bankovcih za 50 Euros .
A numbering press .
Tiskarski stroj za številčenje .
Each banknote carries a unique serial number .
Vsak bankovec ima drugačno serijsko številko .
PRINTING BANKNOTES Location of printing works producing the euro banknotes Setec Oy , Vantaa ( FI )
Setec Oy , Vantaa ( FI ) UPRAVLJANJE MNOŽIČNE PROIZVODNJE EUROBANKOVCEV Leta 1996 je Svet EMI sklenil , da bodo pri izdelavi začetne zaloge eurobankovcev sodelovale vse tiskarne v Evropski uniji , ki so tiskale bankovce dotedanjih nacionalnih valut .
, Haarlem ( NL ) Nationale Bank van België , Brussels ( BE ) Banque Nationale de Belgique Oberthur , Chantepie ( FR ) Banque de France , Chamalières ( FR ) Bundesdruckerei , Berlin ( DE ) Giesecke & Devrient , Leipzig ( DE ) Giesecke & Devrient , Munich ( DE ) Österreichische Banknotenund Sicherheitsdruck GmbH , Vienna ( AT ) Banca d' Italia , Rome ( IT ) Bank of Greece , Athens ( GR ) Managing the largescale production of euro banknotes In 1996 , the EMI Council decided that all the printing works in the European Union that were producing national banknotes should be involved in making the initial stock of euro banknotes .
, Haarlem ( NL ) Nationale Bank van België , Bruselj ( BE ) Banque Nationale de Belgique Oberthur , Chantepie ( FR ) Banque de France , Chamalières ( FR ) Bundesdruckerei , Berlin ( DE ) Giesecke & Devrient , Leipzig ( DE ) Giesecke & Devrient , München ( DE ) Österreichische Banknotenund Sicherheitsdruck GmbH , Dunaj ( AT )
and « pooling » , in which each NCB would produce only a limited number of denominations but it would do so to meet the need for those particular denominations throughout the euro area . Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre , Madrid ( ES ) Valora , Carregado ( PT )
Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre , Madrid ( ES ) Valora , Carregado ( PT ) Banca d' Italia , Rím ( IT )
Map showing the banknote production sites which printed the initial volume .
Zemljevid vseh tiskarn , ki so sodelovale pri izdelavi začetne zaloge bankovcev .
it could not be set up until the countries adopting the euro became known . But the printing works had to order some printing equipment before that decision was made .
Dodatna težava z združevanjem je bila v tem , da bi bilo podrobnosti te ureditve mogoče določiti šele po sprejemu odločitve o številu držav , ki naj bi uvedle euro , tiskarne pa z naročilom dodatne opreme niso mogle čakati tako dolgo .
Fortunately , the test banknote project and the subsequent zero production run showed that there was no compelling technical reason to pool .
Na srečo sta projekt s testnimi bankovci in poznejša ničelna serija pokazala , da zgolj iz tehničnih razlogov združevanje ni nujno potrebno .
It was therefore decided to print the initial volume on a non-pooling basis .
Tako je bilo sklenjeno , da se začetna zaloga bankovcev natisne brez združevanja .
If , say , all the Euros 50 banknotes were to be produced by four printing works instead of 15 , pooling would make the banknotes more uniform and involve less coordination . But these efficiency gains had to be offset against the effort and cost of distributing the huge number of banknotes needed for the launch .
Nacionalne centralne banke so seveda imele možnost , da med seboj sklenejo dvostranske pogodbe za združevanje proizvodnje .
Of course , the national central banks could make bilateral pooling agreements with each other . This was especially useful for producing low volumes of the high denominations , i.e. Euros 200 and Euros 500 .
To je bilo primerno zlasti za bankovce višjih vrednosti , torej 200 Euros in 500 Euros , ki se tiskajo v manjšem številu .
For some smaller countries in particular , it was more efficient not to produce these denominations but rather to order a proportion of a bigger country 's production volume and benefit from the economies of scale .
Predvsem za nekatere manjše države je bilo smiselno , da teh apoenov ne tiskajo same , ampak raje odkupijo določen delež proizvodnje večje države in tako izkoristijo prednosti ekonomije obsega .
Although the ECB was responsible for coordinating the entire project , each national central bank was in charge of procuring its banknotes from its selected printer . Consequently , there was no centrally organised production .
Za usklajevanje celotnega projekta je bila sicer odgovorna ECB , vseeno pa je morala vsaka nacionalna centralna banka sama poskrbeti , da je iz izbrane tiskarne pravočasno dobila zadostne količine bankovcev . Centralno organizirane proizvodnje zato ni bilo .
Instead , there were eventually no fewer than 70 combinations of central bank / printing works / denomination for banknote production in 2001 .
Namesto tega se je v proizvodnji bankovcev leta 2001 na koncu izoblikovalo nič manj kot 70 različnih kombinacij med centralno banko , tiskarno in posameznimi apoeni .
Large-scale production of the banknote paper started in early 1999 and printing began that summer in Belgium , France , Germany , Italy , the Netherlands and Spain .
Množična proizvodnja papirja za bankovce se je začela v prvih mesecih leta 1999 , že poleti istega leta pa se je v Belgiji , Franciji , Nemčiji , Italiji , na Nizozemskem in v Španiji začelo tiskanje .
It was gradually extended to other printing works in the months that followed .
V naslednjih mesecih so se postopno vključevale tudi tiskarne v drugih državah .
The printing works that were the first to start production of each denomination produced the reference banknotes .
Tiste tiskarne , ki so z izdelavo posameznega apoena začele prve , so izdelale referenčne bankovce .
After these had been approved by the ECB , all printing works had to produce their banknotes to the same standard .
Ko jih je odobrila ECB , so ti bankovci postavili standard , ki so ga morale upoštevati in dosegati tudi ostale tiskarne .
Some printing works were still producing national banknotes and started euro banknote production later .
Nekatere so v tem času še vedno izdelovale nacionalne bankovce in so zato s proizvodnjo eurobankovcev začele pozneje .
Greece started printing in late 2000 as it did not become a euro area country until 2001 .
V Grčiji se je tiskanje začelo proti koncu leta 2000 , saj se je ta država euroobmočju pridružila šele leta 2001 .
Towards the end of the production run for the launch of the euro , the total production capacity needed was one billion banknotes per month , which meant 33 million per day , 1,400,000 per hour , 23,000 per minute or approximately 400 per second .
Proti koncu proizvodnje bankovcev , potrebnih za uvedbo , je skupna zmogljivost vseh tiskarn dosegla eno milijardo bankovcev na mesec , kar pomeni 33 milijonov na dan , 1,4 milijona na uro , 23.000 na minuto in približno 400 na sekundo .
Some plants worked day and night , with three shifts , and on public holidays too . A total of 15 printing works produced euro banknotes for the launch of the new currency : three were in Germany , two in France and one in each of the remaining euro area countries except Luxembourg .
Nekatere tiskarne so delale brez prekinitve , v treh izmenah in tudi ob praznikih . Pri izdelavi bankovcev , potrebnih za uvedbo nove valute , je sodelovalo 15 tiskarn : tri v Nemčiji , dve v Franciji in po ena v ostalih državah euroobmočja razen Luksemburga .
One was in the United Kingdom , i.e. outside the euro area .
Ena sodelujoča tiskarna je bila tudi v Veliki Britaniji , ki ni članica euroobmočja .
An offset printing machine .
Ofsetni tiskarski stroj
Health note The seven euro banknotes as well as production materials from all sources were tested according to the most stringent European health and safety regulations .
ZDRAVSTVENO OPOZORILO Tako surovine iz vseh virov kot tudi končni bankovci vseh sedmih apoenov so bili preverjeni v skladu z najstrožjimi evropskimi zdravstvenimi in varnostnimi predpisi .
These tests , which were based on the ISO 10993 standard , were carried out by the Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research .
Te teste , ki so temeljili na standardu ISO 10993 , je izvedla nizozemska organizacija za aplikativne raziskave Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research .
They confirmed that euro banknotes do not cause any health problems in normal use .
Opravljeni testi so potrdili , da eurobankovci pri normalni uporabi ne povzročajo nikakršnih zdravstvenih težav .
- day at the Banque centrale du Luxembourg .
Euros - dan v luksemburški centralni banki .
Estimating how many banknotes to print The national central banks ( NCBs ) estimated their own euro banknote requirements for the launch and for the rest of 2002 .
KOLIKO BANKOVCEV NATISNITI ? Nacionalne centralne banke so same ocenile , koliko eurobankovcev vsaka potrebuje za zamenjavo gotovine in za ostanek leta 2002 .
The first estimate of the prospective demand was made in 1998 but it was updated annually , and planned production volumes adjusted accordingly .
Prve ocene so pripravile že leta 1998 , nato pa so jih banke vsako leto dopolnjevale in ustrezno prilagajale načrtovani obseg proizvodnje .
In the last few months prior to the changeover , the commercial banks requested more low-denomination banknotes than expected and their demands had to be met .
V zadnjih nekaj mesecih pred zamenjavo so poslovne banke zaprosile za več bankovcev nižjih vrednosti , kot je bilo pričakovano , in njihove potrebe je bilo treba seveda zadovoljiti .
The initial production run of banknotes consisted of « launch stocks » which would replace the national banknotes in circulation prior to introduction of the euro banknotes , and of « logistical stocks » which would ensure a continuous supply of banknotes throughout the year .
Začetna proizvodnja bankovcev je bila namenjena izdelavi » zaloge za zamenjavo gotovine «, ki naj bi v obtoku nadomestila nacionalne bankovce , ter izdelavi » logistične zaloge «, katere namen je bil zagotoviti neprekinjeno oskrbo z bankovci čez celo leto .
The difficulty for the NCBs was to estimate the demand for each euro denomination , as the values of the national banknotes were different from the euro denominations .
Nacionalne centralne banke so morale oceniti povpraševanje po vsakem od apoenov eurobankovcev , kar ni bilo preprosto , saj so bili apoeni nacionalnih bankovcev razdeljeni po drugačnih vrednostih kot apoeni eura .
The likely effects of replacing some national denominations with euro coins and introducing high euro denominations had to be carefully assessed .
Banke so morale natančno oceniti tudi možne posledice zamenjave nekaterih nacionalnih apoenov s kovanci eura ter posledice uvedbe najvišjih apoenov eura .
Finally , the demand from countries outside the euro area had to be taken into account .
Nenazadnje je bilo treba upoštevati tudi povpraševanje po bankovcih in kovancih v državah zunaj euroobmočja .
In particular , Deutsche Mark banknotes were used extensively outside Germany , especially in central and eastern Europe .
Še zlasti nemške marke so bile zelo razširjene zunaj Nemčije , predvsem v državah srednje in vzhodne Evrope .
In value terms , it was estimated that around one-third of DM banknotes ( equivalent to Euros 32-45 billion ) was used outside Germany .
Po ocenah je bila po vrednosti približno tretjina vseh nemških mark ( okrog 32 do 45 milijard EUR ) v obtoku zunaj Nemčije .
It was impossible to know how much of this would be changed into euro and to what extent other euro area countries bordering on eastern Europe would exchange these banknotes .
Nemogoče je bilo vedeti , koliko tega denarja bodo imetniki zamenjali v eure in koliko mark bodo v eure zamenjale druge države , ki mejijo na vzhodno Evropo .
The initial production volume was fixed in 2001 at 14.9 billion banknotes ( representing a value of more than Euros 633 billion ) , of which nine to ten billion were to be the launch stocks , replacing the national banknotes in circulation , and around five billion banknotes would make up the logistical stocks .
Začetni obseg proizvodnje je bil določen v letu 2001 in je znašal 14,9 milijarde bankovcev ( v vrednosti prek 633 milijard EUR ) , od tega je devet do deset milijard odpadlo na zalogo za zamenjavo gotovine , približno pet milijard pa na logistične zaloge .
The estimate for the launch stocks was derived from national banknotes in circulation ( 11.7 billion banknotes at end-2000 ) , although it turned out that fewer banknotes were needed .
Ocenjeni obseg zaloge za zamenjavo gotovine je bil določen na osnovi števila nacionalnih bankovcev v obtoku ( 11,7 milijarde bankovcev ob koncu leta 2000 ) , čeprav se je pozneje izkazalo , da je bilo potrebnih manj bankovcev .
One year after their introduction , 8.2 billion euro banknotes were in circulation .
Eno leto po uvedbi je bilo v obtoku 8,2 milijarde bankovcev .
By the end of 2006 , this figure had increased to 11.3 billion .
Do konca leta 2006 je njihovo število naraslo na 11,3 milijarde .
In addition to the launch and logistical stocks , the ECB 's Governing Council decided in early 2001 to establish a « central reserve stock » ( CRS ) of euro banknotes as a back-up in the event of production problems , quantity and quality shortfalls and / or surges in demand for particular denominations .
Poleg začetne in logistične zaloge je Svet ECB v začetku leta 2001 sklenil oblikovati še » glavno rezervno zalogo « eurobankovcev za primer motenj v proizvodnji , težav s količino ali kakovostjo bankovcev in nenadnih skokov v povpraševanju po posameznih apoenih .
The CRS consisted of 1.9 billion banknotes ( made up of the banknote denominations that are most commonly used for payments , notably Euros 5 , Euros 10 , Euros 20 , Euros 50 and Euros 100 ) and was mainly produced by a consortium of European printing works that still had some spare capacity .
Glavna rezervna zaloga je obsegala 1,9 milijarde bankovcev v apoenih , ki se najpogosteje uporabljajo za plačevanje , torej 5 Euros , 10 Euros , 20 Euros , 50 Euros in 100 Euros .
The ECB placed this order and bought the banknotes .
Večino teh bankovcev je zagotovil konzorcij evropskih tiskarn , ki so imele še nekaj prostih zmogljivosti .
NCBs in need of banknotes from the CRS had to buy them from the ECB .
ECB je izdala naročilo ter bankovce kupila , nacionalne centralne banke , ki so jih hotele črpati iz glavne rezervne zaloge , pa so bankovce nato kupile od ECB .
Around 30 % of this stock was used before and during the changeover . The remaining part of the CRS was fully transferred to the Eurosystem Strategic Stock .
Približno 30 % te zaloge so banke porabile pred zamenjavo gotovine in med njo , ostanek pa je prešel v strateško zalogo Eurosistema .
Initial production volume showing each national central bank 's share .
3,7 % 32,1 % 4,2 % 12,9 % 15,2 % 2,0 % 16,4 % 0,3 % 4,4 % 3,7 % 3,6 % 1,5 % SKUPAJ 100 % Deleži nacionalnih centralnih bank v začetni zalogi bankovcev .
Foil-wrapped euro banknotes in storage at the Banco de España in Madrid .
Skladiščenje bankovcev v Banco de España v Madridu .
Banknote circulation and banknote stocks Banknotes ( and coins ) are said to be « in circulation » after being issued , usually to commercial banks , by a national central bank ( NCB ) .
BANKOVCI V OBTOKU IN V SKLADIŠČIH Za bankovce ( in kovance ) pravimo , da so » v obtoku «, ko zapustijo nacionalno centralno banko oziroma ko jih ta » izda « -- in sicer navadno poslovnim bankam .
The circulation figure decreases when the banknotes are sent back to an NCB .
Ko jih poslovne banke in drugi uporabniki pošljejo nazaj v centralno banko , bankovci niso več v obtoku , zato se obseg obtoka zmanjša .
« Banknotes in circulation » means banknotes issued minus banknotes returned .
Izraz » bankovci v obtoku « tako pomeni bankovce , ki so bili izdani , razen tistih , ki so bili vrnjeni v centralno banko .
Banknotes are also « in circulation » if they are not being used in payments , but are stored at banks or deposited in piggy banks . 54/55
Bankovci so » v obtoku « tudi takrat , ko se ne uporabljajo za plačevanje , ampak so shranjeni v bankah ali hranilnikih .
Over time , there may be imbalances ( surpluses or deficits ) in the logistical stocks at an NCB because of people travelling from one euro area country to another and taking euro banknotes with them . Should an NCB run short of a particular denomination it will draw on the Eurosystem Strategic Stock if the surplus logistical stocks of other NCBs are insufficient .
Eurosistem vzdržuje dve vrsti zalog bankovcev : logistične zaloge in strateške zaloge . Prve so delovne zaloge nacionalnih centralnih bank , ki z njimi zadovoljujejo povpraševanje po bankovcih v normalnih razmerah in tudi v obdobjih sezonsko povečanega povpraševanja .
Two types of banknote stocks are held by the Eurosystem : logistical and strategic .
V logističnih zalogah posamezne nacionalne centralne banke včasih nastane neravnovesje ( presežek ali primanjkljaj ) , ker ljudje potujejo iz ene države euroobmočja v drugo in eurobankovce nosijo s seboj .
Logistical stocks are the working stocks of the NCBs and meet the demand for banknotes in normal situations , including seasonal peak demand .
Če nacionalni banki primanjkuje bankovcev določene vrednosti , jih črpa iz presežnih logističnih zalog drugih nacionalnih bank , če te ne zadoščajo , pa iz strateške zaloge Eurosistema .
Armed escort for euro cash at the banknote printing works in Carregado , Portugal .
Oboroženo spremstvo eurogotovine v tiskarni bankovcev v mestu Carregado na Portugalskem .
Stock management scheme for the changeover As a result of the regular revision of the NCBs » banknote production plans and the establishment of the CRS , it was assumed that the Eurosystem had sufficient stocks of euro banknotes prior to the cash changeover .
UPRAVLJANJE REZERV ZA ZAMENJAVO GOTOVINE Na osnovi rednega pregleda načrtov za proizvodnjo bankovcev v nacionalnih centralnih bankah ter po vzpostavitvi glavne rezervne zaloge je Eurosistem presodil , da pripravljene zaloge eurobankovcev zadoščajo za zamenjavo gotovine .
But in the months just before the launch , because of the very high volumes of low-denomination banknotes being provided to commercial banks , there were doubts about whether each NCB 's supplies would indeed be sufficient to meet demand in early 2002 .
Toda nekaj mesecev pred uvedbo je zaradi zelo velikih dobav nižjih apoenov poslovnim bankam postalo vprašljivo , ali bodo zaloge vsake od sodelujočih nacionalnih centralnih bank dejansko zadoščale za zadostitev povpraševanja v prvih mesecih leta 2002 .
This was particularly true for the Euros 5 banknotes .
Zlasti vprašljive so bile zaloge bankovcev za 5 Euros .
For this reason , the Eurosystem established a stock management system to minimise the risk of any regional shortages .
Da bi zmanjšal nevarnost regionalnih primanjkljajev , je Eurosistem zato vzpostavil sistem za upravljanje rezerv .
This system allowed NCBs facing an imminent banknote shortage to quickly access the CRS .
Ta sistem je nacionalnim centralnim bankam omogočil , da v primeru , če jim bankovcev začne primanjkovati , lahko hitro dostopajo do glavne rezervne zaloge .
In addition , all the NCBs made a commitment to assist each other by making available any surplus banknotes .
Banke so se obenem zavezale , da si bodo medsebojno pomagale tako , da druga drugi omogočijo dostop do presežnih količin bankovcev .
If an NCB were running short of banknotes , it first had to resort to the CRS .
Če bi določeni nacionalni centralni banki začelo primanjkovati bankovcev , bi morala črpati iz glavne rezervne zaloge .
If the CRS could not handle the request , the remaining NCBs would be ready to make emergency transfers of any surpluses from their logistical stocks .
Če ta ne bi mogla izpolniti zahteve , bi bile druge nacionalne centralne banke pripravljene , da iz svojih logističnih zalog hitro zagotovijo potrebno količino bankovcev .
To this end , NCBs updated their forecast in December 2001 regarding the maximum quantities needed until the end of February 2002 and also provided the ECB with detailed data regarding the inventory levels of banknotes they required to ensure a smooth banknote supply .
V skladu s tem dogovorom so nacionalne centralne banke decembra 2001 popravile svojo napoved največjega obsega bankovcev , potrebnih do konca februarja 2002 , in ECB posredovale podrobne podatke o ravni zalog , ki jih potrebujejo za nemoteno oskrbo z bankovci .
This information , together with daily updates on the number of banknotes put into circulation as of 1 January 2002 , enabled the ECB to monitor the demand for , and supply of , euro banknotes during the critical days of the changeover .
Na osnovi teh informacij ter vsakodnevnih poročil o številu bankovcev , ki so bili v obtok izdani od 1 . januarja 2002 naprej , je ECB v kritičnih dneh zamenjave lahko natančno spremljala povpraševanje po bankovcih in njihovo ponudbo .
Between November 2001 and January 2002 , a few NCBs requested more than 500 million Euros 5 and Euros 10 banknotes from the CRS .
Od novembra 2001 do januarja 2002 je nekaj nacionalnih centralnih bank od glavne rezervne zaloge zaprosilo več kot 500 milijonov bankovcev za 5 Euros in 10 Euros .
But the bulk of these banknotes were not actually issued during the changeover period , as the quantities initially provided to banks turned out to cover most of their needs , and during the first weeks of January 2002 , withdrawals by banks from NCBs remained low .
Večina teh bankovcev med zamenjavo na koncu ni prišla v obtok , saj se je izkazalo , da so poslovne banke v začetku dejansko prejele dovolj bankovcev , zato so v prvih tednih januarja pri nacionalnih centralnih bankah dvigovale manj denarja , kot je bilo pričakovano .
Nevertheless , the stock management system helped to prevent any disruption and paved the way for a permanent stock management system after the cash changeover .
Kljub temu je sistem za upravljanje rezerv pomagal preprečiti motnje v dobavi in utrl pot za trajen sistem upravljanja rezerv v obdobju po zamenjavi gotovine .
Delivery of euro cash to a supermarket in Austria in late 2001 .
Pošiljka eurogotovine nakupovalnemu središču v Avstriji konec leta 2001 .
Early distribution of banknotes and coins In the last four months of 2001 , while the banknotes and coins of the national currencies were still circulating , businesses all over the euro area , notably banks and shops , built up stocks of euro banknotes and coins in two steps known as « frontloading » and « sub-frontloading » .
PREDHODNA DISTRIBUCIJA BANKOVCEV IN KOVANCEV V zadnjih štirih mesecih leta 2001 , ko so bili še vedno v obtoku nacionalni bankovci in kovanci , so podjetja , predvsem banke in trgovine , povsod v euroobmočju v dveh korakih oblikovale začetne zaloge eurskih bankovcev in kovancev . V prvem koraku , imenovanem » preddobava gotovine « ( ang .