natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
In the first step , the NCBs delivered banknotes and coins to the commercial banks , which , in turn , distributed the new cash to shops , bank branches etc. The new cash was not yet legal tender and its circulation was prohibited .
frontloading ) , so nacionalne centralne banke bankovce in kovance izdale poslovnim bankam , te pa so jih nato v drugem koraku , t. i. » posredni preddobavi gotovine « ( ang . sub-frontloading ) , posredovale trgovinam , bančnim poslovalnicam in drugim prejemnikom .
But frontloading and sub-frontloading ensured that banknotes and coins were widely available well before 1 January 2002 and that cash transportation companies could use their 7,600 vehicles more efficiently , thus avoiding bottlenecks in the cash supply towards the end of 2001 .
S preddobavo in posredno preddobavo je bančni sistem zagotovil , da so bili novi bankovci in kovanci na voljo dovolj zgodaj pred 1 . januarjem 2002 in da so podjetja za prevoz gotovine lahko učinkovito usmerjala vseh svojih 7600 vozil .
A shortage of the new banknotes and coins in the early days of 2002 would not only have been bad publicity for the new currency , but it would also have prolonged the simultaneous circulation of national currencies and euro cash , which was limited to a maximum of eight weeks .
Če bi v prvih dneh leta 2002 začelo primanjkovati novih bankovcev in kovancev , to ne bi bila samo slaba popotnica za novo valuto , ampak bi se podaljšalo tudi obdobje dvojnega obtoka nacionalnih valut in eura , ki ni smelo trajati dlje kot osem tednov .
Only sufficiently large and timely deliveries of cash would ensure a smooth changeover and thus maintain and enhance both public and financial market confidence in the new currency .
Za nemoten prehod ter za zaupanje javnosti in finančnih trgov v novo valuto so bile zadostne zaloge in pravočasna dobava nove gotovine zato ključnega pomena .
In volume terms , close to 80 % of the initial banknote demand and 97 % of the total coin needs ( including the coin starter kits for the public ) for the changeover were delivered by the end of 2001 .
Povedano v številkah je bilo do konca leta 2001 dobavljenih 80 % začetne zaloge bankovcev in 97 % vseh potrebnih kovancev , vključno z začetnimi paketi kovancev za občane .
Because of differing circumstances -- the size of each euro area country , its economy , its cash supply infrastructure and the national changeover
Zaradi različnih pogojev v posameznih državah , predvsem velikosti ozemlja , gospodarskih pogojev , gotovinske infrastrukture in različnih nacionalnih scenarijev prehoda , je vsaka nacionalna centralna banka s preddobavo in posredno preddobava začela na drug datum .
Customer buying a starter kit of euro coins at a bank in Paris .
Prodaja začetnih paketov kovancev občanom v banki v Parizu .
scenario -- each NCB started to frontload and subfrontload at different times . The maximum period was four months , i.e. starting on 1 September 2001 .
Najdaljše obdobje je trajalo štiri mesece , kar pomeni , da se je preddobava začela že 1 . septembra 2001 .
An earlier start was not justified for logistical reasons and would have increased both the security risk and the risk of the premature circulation of euro cash .
Zgodnejši začetek zaradi logističnih omejitev , dodatnih varnostnih tveganj ter nevarnosti prezgodnjega obtoka eurogotovine ne bi bil smiseln .
Often , the schedules for supplying the banknotes differed from that of coins .
V več primerih je bil časovni načrt za dobavo bankovcev drugačen od načrta za kovance .
As a general rule , coins were delivered earlier because the logistical burden of transporting coins was higher than that of transporting banknotes and because their face value , and thus the security risk , was lower .
Na splošno so bili kovanci dobavljeni prej kot bankovci , saj je logistično breme zanje večje , njihova vrednost -- in s tem varnostno tveganje -- pa manjše .
Banks and retailers that received the cash were legally or contractually obliged by the supplying NCB not to pass it on to consumers before 1 January 2002 .
Poslovne banke in trgovine , ki so prejele novo gotovino , so bile pogodbeno ali pravno zavezane , da je strankam ne smejo izdajati pred 1 . januarjem 2002 .
Any early circulation of euro banknotes and coins would have disrupted plans and created confusion .
Obtok eurske gotovine pred tem datumom bi porušil načrte in ustvaril nepotrebno zmedo .
The banks had to take out insurance to cover the risk of destruction , theft or robbery as well as the risk of premature use of the frontloaded cash by the public .
Banke so morale skleniti zavarovanje za tveganje uničenja , kraje ali ropa ter prezgodnje uporabe preddobavljene gotovine .
Euro banknotes delivered to banks remained the property of the central banks until 00.00 on 1 January 2002 in each country .
Eurobankovci , ki so bili dobavljeni poslovnim bankam , so do polnoči 1 . januarja 2002 v vsaki državi ostali v lasti nacionalne centralne banke .
Alternatively , if the arrangements for the retention of ownership were not feasible or enforceable under the national legislation , the frontloaded euro banknotes had to be secured by collateral .
Če ohranitev lastništva ni bila izvedljiva ali skladna z nacionalno zakonodajo , so morale poslovne banke za preddobavljeno eurogotovino zagotoviti primerno zavarovanje . Za razliko od bank , trgovin in drugih organizacij občani eurogotovine niso mogli dobiti pred samo uvedbo .
Unlike banks , shops and other organisations , the public did not receive euro cash before the launch , with one important exception : they could obtain coin starter kits in the second half of December 2001 , either from banks or directly from the NCBs . The starter kits contained small amounts ranging from Euros 3.88 ( equivalent to 23 Finnish markkas ) to Euros 15.25 ( equivalent to 100 French francs ) .
Obstajala je ena sama , a pomembna izjema : v drugi polovici decembra so bili v poslovnih bankah ali neposredno v centralnih bankah naprodaj začetni paketi kovancev , v katerih je bil izbor kovancev v skupni vrednosti od 3,88 Euros ( enakovredno 23 finskim markam ) do 15,25 Euros ( enakovredno 100 francoskim frankom ) . Namen teh paketov je bil ljudem omogočiti , da se seznanijo z novimi kovanci , in jim tako olajšati prehod na novo valuto .
The idea was to familiarise the public with the coins and to make the changeover easier . People were expected to use the euro coins for payments in the early days of 2002 in order to give retailers more change .
Po pričakovanjih naj bi namreč ljudje v prvih dneh leta 2002 veliko plačevali z eurskimi kovanci in prodajalnam tako zagotovili dodaten vir drobiža .
Tight security for a shipment of euro leaving a Banca d' Italia branch near Rome .
Strogi varnostni ukrepi ob odhodu pošiljke eurov iz podružnice italijanske Banca d' Italia blizu Rima .
The NCBs said in their information campaigns that the starter kits should be spent rather than collected , but inevitably people were interested in keeping them as a memento of the historic event and were reluctant to spend them .
Nacionalne centralne banke so v informacijski kampanji pred uvedbo poudarjale , da so začetni paketi namenjeni porabi in ne zbiranju , seveda pa so jih mnogi ljudje vseeno shranili kot spomin na zgodovinski dogodek , ki so mu bili priča .
The kits were produced only in small quantities and in some countries they were sold out within 48 hours .
Začetni paketi so bili izdelani v majhnih količinah in v nekaterih državah so bili razprodani v manj kot 48 urah .
But why were banks willing to build up large stocks of euro cash well in advance of the launch date ?
Če je zanimanje splošne javnosti razumljivo , pa je manj očitno , zakaj bi si bile velike zaloge eurogotovine daleč pred datumom uvedbe pripravljene ustvariti poslovne banke .
Cash does not bear interest and creates liquidity costs for banks .
Gotovina ne prinaša obresti in za banke pomeni likvidnostne stroške .
These additional costs needed to be neutralised .
Te dodatne stroške je treba nekako nevtralizirati .
To encourage banks to accept early deliveries of banknotes and coins , a debiting model was agreed on .
Kot spodbudo , da bi banke sprejele zgodnje dobave bankovcev in kovancev , je bil tako sprejet debetni model .
According to the « linear debiting model » , the cash was not debited to the respective bank at once , but one-third of it was debited at face value to the banks on 2 , 23 and 30 January 2002 respectively .
Pri » linearnem debetnem modelu « gotovina v breme ustrezne banke ni bila knjižena naenkrat , ampak je bila po ena tretjina nominalne vrednosti knjižena 2 .
58/59 These dates took account of the main refinancing operations , in which the ECB provided ( and provides ) liquidity to commercial banks , in early 2002 .
Ti datumi so upoštevali operacije glavnega refinanciranja , s katerimi je ECB v začetku leta 2002 zagotavljala ( oz . še vedno zagotavlja ) likvidnost poslovnim bankam .
The ECB 's Governing Council agreed that the debiting model should remain the only instrument at Eurosystem level that would neutralise the costs incurred by those involved in the cash changeover .
Svet ECB je sklenil , da na ravni Eurosistema debetni model ostane edini instrument za nevtralizacijo stroškov , ki so jih banke in druge organizacije imele z zamenjavo gotovine .
But at national level , the introduction of restricted and specific exceptions was possible , provided that the foreseen measures facilitated the cash changeover .
Posamezne izjeme so bile mogoče na nacionalni ravni , pod pogojem , da predvideni ukrepi omogočajo zamenjavo gotovine .
For example , some NCBs offered financial incentives to banks which accepted early deliveries of low-denomination banknotes or which returned national currency early .
Tako so na primer nekatere nacionalne banke ponudile finančne spodbude poslovnim bankam , ki so zgodaj sprejele pošiljke bankovcev nižjih vrednosti ali zgodaj vrnile nacionalne bankovce .
Since a significant number of banknotes issued by the NCBs were circulating outside the euro area , early deliveries of cash were made to these areas as well , although they were of a more restricted kind .
Ker je bilo precejšnje število nacionalnih bankovcev v obtoku tudi v državah zunaj euroobmočja , so zgodnje pošiljke gotovine , čeprav v bolj omejenem obsegu , prejele tudi te države .
An ECB guideline governed the distribution of cash to commercial banks outside the euro area by banks located inside the euro area as from 1 December 2001 .
Distribucijo gotovine poslovnim bankam zunaj euroobmočja je urejala smernica ECB , ki je bankam s sedežem v euroobmočju omogočila , da od 1 .
Banks were allowed to distribute euro banknotes to their branches and headquarters located outside the euro area .
decembra 2001 eurobankovce posredujejo svojim podružnicam zunaj euroobmočja .
Armed guards protect a euro-carrying truck as it comes off a ferry in Greece .
Oboroženi stražarji varujejo tovornjak s pošiljko eurobankovcev pred vkrcanjem na trajekt v Grčiji .
addition , banks were allowed to pass cash on to their subsidiaries , as well as to other banks with headquarters and / or branch networks outside the euro area .
Banke so gotovino smele posredovati tudi drugim bankam s sedežem ali podružnicami zunaj euroobmočja .
A subsequent ECB guideline extended the possibility of the early delivery of euro banknotes outside the euro area .
Poznejša smernica ECB je to možnost razširila na zgodnje dobave bankovcev zunaj euroobmočja .
Banks outside the euro area that specialised in the wholesale distribution of banknotes could receive cash from NCBs and pass it on to their customer banks outside the euro area .
Banke zunaj euroobmočja , ki so se specializirale za grosistično distribucijo bankovcev , so gotovino lahko prejele od svoje nacionalne centralne banke in jo posredovale bankam , s katerimi so poslovale .
In addition , NCBs outside the euro area could receive euro banknotes and deliver them to banks in their jurisdiction .
Poleg tega so nacionalne centralne banke držav zunaj euroobmočja lahko prejele eurobankovce in jih posredovale bankam na območju v svoji pristojnosti .
But passing on cash to retailers , for example , was not allowed outside the euro area .
Nasprotno pa na primer ni bilo dovoljeno posredovati gotovine trgovcem na drobno zunaj euroobmočja .
The distribution of euro banknotes to any location outside the euro area was only allowed from 1 December 2001 .
Distribucija eurskih bankovcev kamorkoli zunaj euroobmočja je bila dovoljena šele po 1 . decembru 2001 .
In terms of value , Euros 4.1 billion was delivered to specialised credit institutions and NCBs outside the euro area .
Po vrednosti so specializirane kreditne institucije in nacionalne centralne banke zunaj euroobmočja prejele 4,1 milijarde EUR bankovcev .
Germany 's Bundesbank was responsible for 78 % of the distribution and the French central bank for 12 %.
Nemška centralna banka je bila odgovorna za 78 % distribucije , francoska pa za 12 %.
Eastern Europe , including the western Balkans and Turkey ( where
Vzhodna Evropa , vključno z zahodnim Balkanom in Turčijo ( kjer je
the parallel circulation of Deutsche Mark banknotes was quite large ) , received more than half of all banknotes shipped outside the euro area .
bilo v vzporednem obtoku precej nemških mark ) , je prejela več kot polovico vseh bankovcev , ki so bili dobavljeni zunaj euroobmočja .
Large amounts were also transferred to North Africa and to international wholesale banks in , for example , Switzerland and the United Kingdom .
Velike količine bankovcev so prejele tudi države severne Afrike ter mednarodne banke za podjetja , npr .
Frontloading and sub-frontloading « Frontloading » was the physical delivery of euro banknotes and coins from NCBs to commercial banks or their appointed agents ( cash transportation companies ) between 1 September and 31 December 2001 .
PREDDOBAVA IN POSREDNA PREDDOBAVA GOTOVINE » Preddobava « je bila fizična dobava eurobankovcev in eurokovancev iz nacionalnih centralnih bank v poslovne banke in njihove pooblaščene zastopnike ( podjetja za prevoz gotovine ) , ki je potekala med 1 . septembrom in 31 .
The passingon of frontloaded banknotes and coins as from 1 September 2001 to third parties , such as shops , restaurants as well as manufacturers and owners of vending machines , was called « subfrontloading » .
trgovinam in restavracijam ter izdelovalcem in lastnikom prodajnih avtomatov ) , ki se je začela 1 . septembra 2001 , se je imenovala » posredna preddobava «.
The instruments of frontloading and sub-frontloading , including the debiting model for the frontloaded and sub-frontloaded amounts , were governed by ECB guidelines .
Instrumente preddobave in posredne preddobave , vključno z debetnim modelom za preddobavljene in posredno preddobavljene bankovce in kovance , so urejale smernice ECB .
Facilitating the cash changeover for retailers Many retailers were concerned that they would have to hold large amounts of coins during the early days of 2002 , given that shops were to be the main distribution channel for the new coins ( whereas most banknotes would be issued via cash dispensers ) .
UKREPI ZA ZAMENJAVO GOTOVINE V TRGOVINI NA DROBNO Številne trgovce je skrbelo , ali bodo v prvih dneh leta 2002 imeli velike količine kovancev . Pričakovano je bilo namreč , da bodo trgovine glavni distribucijski kanal za nove kovance in tako opravile vlogo , ki naj bi jo za bankovce bankomati .
The coin starter kits were intended to alleviate their concerns and , for the same reason , banks were encouraged to put lowvalue rather than high-value banknotes in their dispensers .
Bojazni trgovcev naj bi nekoliko ublažili začetni paketi kovancev , iz istega razloga pa je bilo predvideno , da poslovne banke svoje bankomate napolnijo predvsem z bankovci nižjih vrednosti .
Also , official bodies were urged to make welfare payments ( which are often paid in cash ) in low-value banknotes .
Prav tako je bilo zaželeno , da državne službe nadomestila za brezposelnost ( ki se navadno izplačujejo v gotovini ) izplačujejo v bankovcih nižjih apoenov .
The public too was called on to help .
K nemotenemu prehodu naj bi prispevali tudi občani .
In the Euro 2002 Information Campaign they were asked to : minimise mixed payments , i.e. of national currency and euro ; start using euro banknotes and coins as soon as possible ;
V informacijski kampanji Euro 2002 so bili namreč naprošeni , da v obdobju dvojnega obtoka opravljajo čim manj mešanih plačil v nacionalni valuti in eurih , da začnejo čimprej uporabljati eurske bankovce in kovance ter po možnosti vedno plačajo z natančnim zneskom .
offer the exact amount in payment wherever possible .
eurokovancev ter količine umaknjenih nacionalnih valut .
total number of banknotes in circulation after the launch of euro cash .
Graf na strani 63 prikazuje skupno število bankovcev v obtoku po uvedbi eurske gotovine .
As all frontloaded banknotes were recorded as being « in circulation » , the circulation went up to a value of Euros 403 billion on 1 January 2002 , exceeding the banknotes in circulation at the same point in time in 2001 by 6 %.
Ker so bili vsi preddobavljeni bankovci evidentirani kot » bankovci v obtoku «, je 1 . januarja obseg obtoka narasel na vrednost 403 milijarde EUR , kar je 6 % več kot na isti dan v letu 2001 .
The total number of banknotes in circulation went down day by day , as the volume of national banknotes withdrawn invariably exceeded the issuance of euro banknotes .
Skupno število bankovcev v obtoku se je vsak dan zmanjševalo , saj so se bankovci nacionalnih valut iz obtoka umikali hitreje , kot so eurobankovci vanj prihajali .
On 28 February 2002 , for the first time , more euro banknotes were issued than national banknotes withdrawn .
Šele 28 . februarja 2002 je v obtok prvič prišlo več eurobankovcev , kot se je nacionalnih bankovcev iz obtoka umaknilo .
On that day , the total value of banknotes in circulation amounted to Euros 285.1 billion , which was about onequarter less than on 28 February 2001 .
Na ta dan je skupna vrednost bankovcev v obtoku znašala 285,1 milijarde EUR , kar je približno za četrtino manj kot 28 . februarja 2001 .
The demand for Euros 5 and Euros 10 banknotes was extremely high at the beginning of the cash changeover period because the Eurosystem had urged banks to distribute mainly low-value banknotes .
Povpraševanje po bankovcih za 5 Euros in 10 Euros je bilo v začetku prehoda izjemno visoko , ker je Eurosistem banke spodbujal , da distribuirajo predvsem nižje apoene .
After the first days of the changeover , the circulation of these low denominations decreased rapidly -- by more than 30 % ( Euros 5 ) and nearly 20 % ( Euros 10 ) within just one month .
Obtok teh apoenov se je kasneje zelo hitro zmanjšal -- v samo enem mesecu za več kot 30 % ( 5 Euros ) oziroma za skoraj 20 % ( 10 Euros ) .
The demand for high-value banknotes , by contrast , increased steadily .
Nasprotno je povpraševanje po višjih apoenih vztrajno naraščalo .
This is reflected in the average value of a euro banknote in circulation , which increased from Euros 28 in January 2002 to Euros 44 by the end of that year .
Ta rast se je pokazala tudi v povprečni vrednosti eurobankovca v obtoku , ki se je z 28 Euros v januarju 2002 do konca leta zvišala na 44 Euros .
In December 2006 , the average value of a euro banknote in circulation was Euros 55 .
Slaba štiri leta pozneje , decembra 2006 je povprečna vrednost bankovcev v obtoku dosegla 55 Euros .
The share of cash payments in the total volume of payments increased in most euro area countries in the first two weeks of January as people used up their national currencies and familiarised themselves with the euro .
Delež gotovinskih plačil v skupnem obsegu plačil se je v prvih tednih januarja v večini držav euroobmočja povečal , saj so ljudje želeli porabiti bankovce in kovance svoje nacionalne valute in se seznaniti z euri .
This situation began to return to normal during the second half of January .
Razmere so se začele normalizirati v drugi polovici januarja .
The share of the euro in cash payments averaged 75 % by 7 January and exceeded 90 % by mid-January .
Delež gotovinskih plačil v eurih je do 7 . januarja dosegel povprečje 75 % in se do srede januarja povzpel čez 90 %.
Putting euro cash into circulation The total amount of banknotes in circulation during the first days of the cash changeover exceeded forecasts .
IZDAJA EUROGOTOVINE V OBTOK 60/61 Skupna vrednost bankovcev v obtoku v prvih dneh po zamenjavi je presegla napovedi .
If the banknotes coming into circulation are likened to the water filling a bathtub , then the bathtub became increasingly full , and fuller than expected .
Če bankovce , ki prihajajo v obtok , primerjamo z vodo , ki teče v kopalno kad , potem se je kad polnila dokaj hitro in je bila vsekakor bolj polna , kot je bilo pričakovano .
This was caused by the high flow rate from the « euro tap » , which could be opened wide thanks to the large volumes of cash delivered before the changeover .
Razlog za to je bil hiter pretok iz » euro-pipe «, ki jo je bilo mogoče na široko odpreti zaradi velikih količin pred zamenjavo dobavljene gotovine .
But the « drainage pipe » for the national banknotes was of a more limited capacity , which led to the slow removal of national currencies from circulation .
Na drugi strani je bila » odtočna odprtina « za bankovce nacionalnih valut precej manjša , zato so nacionalne valute iz obtoka odtekale počasneje .
During the changeover period , the ECB monitored the volume of euro banknotes and coins issued and the volume of national currencies withdrawn on a daily basis . The chart on page 63 shows the
V obdobju zamenjave gotovine je ECB vseskozi spremljala količine izdanih eurobankovcev in 1 .
60/61 1 January 2002 , just after midnight : some brand new euro banknotes are closely examined in Maastricht .
januar 2002 , tik po polnoči : ljudje v Maastrichtu skrbno pregledujejo povsem sveže eurobankovce .
Withdrawing national banknotes and coins Most national authorities tried in advance to reduce the workload of banks , retailers and cash transportation companies during the changeover period by encouraging the public to deposit national coins at banks long before January 2002 .
UMIK NACIONALNIH BANKOVCEV IN KOVANCEV Vlade so skušale že vnaprej čimbolj zmanjšati obseg dela , ki so ga z zamenjavo gotovine imele banke , trgovine in podjetja za prevoz gotovine . Zato so občane spodbujale , naj kovance nacionalnih valut pred januarjem 2002 položijo na bančni račun .
In addition , charities organised campaigns to get people to donate their « old » coins .
Podobno so dobrodelne organizacije ljudi pozivale , da svoje » stare « kovance darujejo v dobrodelne namene .
The total circulation of national coins decreased by 9 % in value in 2001 : from Euros 17.9 billion at the end of 2000 to Euros 16.3 billion 12 months later .
Posledično se je v letu 2001 skupni obseg nacionalnih kovancev v obtoku zmanjšal za 9 % s 17,9 milijarde EUR ob koncu leta 2000 na 16,3 milijarde EUR dvanajst mesecev pozneje .
In volume terms , 107.5 billion national coins were still in circulation at the end of 2001 , which was more than twice the total volume of coins produced for the introduction of the euro .
Vseeno je bilo ob koncu leta 2001 po količini v obtoku še vedno 107,5 milijarde nacionalnih kovancev , kar je več kot dvakrat več od skupnega obsega kovancev , izdelanih za uvedbo eura .
This discrepancy can be explained by the hoarding behaviour of some coin users .
Ta razkorak je mogoče pojasniti z zbirateljsko žilico nekaterih uporabnikov kovancev .
Low-value coins in particular are often collected over a long period of time ( e.g. in piggy banks ) and thus disappear from circulation .
Zlasti kovance nižjih vrednosti ljudje pogosto hranijo dalj časa ( npr .
Furthermore , these coins may end up being retained by collectors , who may pay little attention to the overall value of their holdings .
v hranilnikih ) , kar pomeni , da ti kovanci izginejo iz obtoka . Pogosto jih zadržijo tudi zbiratelji , katerim nominalna vrednost teh kovancev pogosto ni tako pomembna .