natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The shares of the individual euro area countries are significantly smaller : the largest accounted for 4.3% of world GDP in 2004 .
Deleži posameznih držav euroobmočja so občutno manjši : delež največje države v svetovnem BDP je leta 2004 znašal 4,3% .
Limited dependence on Although the euro area can be significantly affected by developments in the foreign trade global economy , the fact that the euro area has a less open economy means that movements in prices of foreign goods have only a limited impact on domestic prices .
Omejena odvisnost od Čeprav lahko gibanja v svetovnem gospodarstvu precej vplivajo na euroobmočje , mednarodne menjave pa manjša odprtost njegovega gospodarstva pomeni , da imajo gibanja cen tujega blaga omejen vpliv na domače cene .
However , it is more open than either the United States or Japan .
Vseeno pa je gospodarstvo euroobmočja bolj odprto kot gospodarstvo Združenih držav Amerike ali Japonske .
Euro area expor ts of goods and services as a share of GDP were significantly higher in 2004 ( 19.4% ) than the corresponding figures for the United States ( 9.8% ) and Japan ( 13.6% ) .
Leta 2004 je bil izvoz blaga in storitev euroobmočja , ki je kot delež BDP znašal 19,4% , občutno višji kot v Združenih državah Amerike ( 9,8% ) in na Japonskem ( 13,6% ) .
With the establishment of Economic and Monetary Union ( EMU ) , A real single market for goods and services the EU has made an important step towards completing the internal market .
EU je z ustanovitvijo ekonomske in monetarne unije ( EMU ) pomembno Resničen enotni trg za blago in storitve prispevala k zaokrožitvi notranjega trga .
Consumers and firms can now easily compare prices and find the most competitive suppliers in the euro area .
Potrošniki in podjetja lahko sedaj v euroobmočju brez težav primerjajo cene in poiščejo najbolj konkurenčne dobavitelje .
Moreover , EMU is providing an environment of economic and monetary stability all over Europe which is favourable to sustainable growth and job creation , and the single currency has done away with disruptions caused by sharp movements in the exchange rates of the former national currencies .
EMU poleg tega omogoča stabilno gospodarsko in denarno okolje po celi Evropi , kar ugodno vpliva na trajnostno rast in odpiranje novih delovnih mest , z uvedbo enotne valute pa so bile odpravljene motnje , ki so jih povzročale velike spremembe deviznih tečajev nekdanjih nacionalnih valut .
The introduction of euro banknotes and coins on 1 January 2002 has made travelling simpler within the euro area .
Ko so bili 1 . januarja 2002 uvedeni eurobankovci in kovanci , je bilo potovanje po euroobmočju poenostavljeno .
Prices for goods and services can be compared at a glance and payments can be made with the same money in all the countries .
Cene blaga in storitev je sedaj mogoče enostavno primerjati , prav tako pa lahko v vseh državah plačujemo z istim denarjem .
B E N E F I T S O F T H E E U RO
PREDNOS T I UVEDBE I N UPORABE EURA
With the bir th of the euro , foreign exchange transaction costs and foreign exchange risks were eliminated within the euro area .
Z uvedbo eura so bili v euroobmočju odpravljeni stroški deviznih transakcij in tečajna tveganja .
In the past , these costs and risks hindered competition across borders .
Ti stroški so v preteklosti ovirali čezmejno konkurenco , zaradi večje konkurence pa je verjetneje , da bodo razpoložljivi viri najbolj učinkovito uporabljeni .
Increased competition makes it more likely that available resources will be used in the most efficient way . With a single currency , investment decisions are much easier , as fluctuations in the exchange rate can no longer influence the return on investment across national borders within the euro area .
Enotna valuta precej olajša sprejemanje naložbenih odločitev , saj nihanje deviznih tečajev ne vpliva več na donosnost čezmejnih naložb med državami euroobmočja .
Before the introduction of the euro , financial markets were , as a rule , national in character .
Pred uvedbo eura so bili finančni trgi praviloma nacionalnega značaja .
Financial instruments , such as government bonds and shares were denominated in national currencies .
Finančni instrumenti , kot so državne obveznice in delnice , so bili izraženi v nacionalnih valutah .
The launch of the euro was a major step towards the integration of the financial markets in the euro area . It will continue to influence the structure of the euro area economy .
Uvedba eura pa je pomenila velik korak k povezovanju finančnih trgov v euroobmočju in bo še naprej vplivala na strukturo njegovega gospodarstva .
Evidence of integration can be found , to varying degrees , in all par ts of the financial structure : -* The euro area 's interbank money market is fully integrated .
Povezovanje je prisotno v vseh delih finančnega sistema , vendar v različnem obsegu : -* medbančni denarni trg euroobmočja je v celoti povezan ;
-* The euro-denominated bond market is well integrated , deep and liquid , and provides a wide choice of investments and funding .
-* trg obveznic , izraženih v eurih , je dobro povezan , globok in likviden ter omogoča različne vrste naložb in financiranja ;
-* The euro area equity market is increasingly viewed as a single market .
-* trg delnic euroobmočja vse bolj postaja enotni trg ;
-* Domestic and cross-border mergers and acquisitions have increased among banks in the euro area .
-* povečalo se je število domačih ter čezmejnih združitev in prevzemov med bankami v euroobmočju .
The depth and quality of an integrated financial market facilitate the financing of economic growth and thereby the creation of jobs .
Globina in kakovost povezanega finančnega trga olajšujeta financiranje gospodarske rasti , s tem pa tudi odpiranje novih delovnih mest .
People have a broader range of choices for their decisions on savings and investments . Companies can tap a very large capital market to finance their business and use new financial instruments to protect themselves against various financial risks and to enhance the management of their investments .
Posamezniki lahko pri odločitvah glede varčevanja in naložb izbirajo med več dodatnimi možnostmi , podjetja pa lahko velik kapitalski trg izkoristijo za financiranje poslovanja in se z novimi finančnimi instrumenti zaščitijo pred raznimi finančnimi tveganji ter izboljšajo upravljanje svojih naložb .
Foreign exchange risks and transaction costs eliminated
Odprava tečajnega tveganja in transakcijskih stroškov
Integration of financial markets
Povezovanje finančnih trgov
MILESTONES 1952 1979 Establishment of European Monetary System ( EMS ) .
KLJUČNI DOGODKI 1952 1979 ustanovitev evropskega monetarnega sistema ( EMS ) .
European Coal and Steel Community ( ECSC ) is established by Belgium , Germany , France , Italy , Luxembourg and the Netherlands .
Belgija , Nemčija , Francija , Italija , Luksemburg in Nizozemska ustanovijo Evropsko skupnost za premog in jeklo ( ESPJ ) .
1958 Treaties of Rome enter into force ;
1958 veljati začneta Rimski pogodbi ;
European Economic Community ( EEC ) and European Atomic Energy Community ( EURATOM ) are set up .
ustanovljeni sta Evropska gospodarska skupnost ( EGS ) in Evropska skupnost za atomsko energijo ( EURATOM ) .
Greece joins the European Communities .
Grčija se pridruži Evropskim skupnostim .
1986 Spain and Por tugal join EC .
1986 Španija in Portugalska se pridružita Evropskim skupnostim .
1987 1967 Merger Treaty combines three existing Communities ( ECSC , EEC , EURATOM ) .
1967 s Pogodbo o združitvi se povežejo tri obstoječe Skupnosti ( ESPJ , EGS , EURATOM ) . 1987
1970 Single European Act enters into force , paving the way for the single market .
1970 veljati začne Enotni evropski akt , s katerim so ustvarjeni pogoji za ustanovitev enotnega trga .
1989 Werner Repor t , first « blueprint » for a monetary union , is presented .
1989 predstavljeno je Wernerjevo poročilo oz . prvi » osnutek « monetarne unije .
1973 Denmark , Ireland and the United Kingdom join the European Communities ( EC ) .
1973 Danska , Irska in Združeno kraljestvo se pridružijo Evropskim skupnostim ( ES ) .
Delors Committee presents repor t on Economic and Monetary Union .
Delorsov odbor predstavi poročilo o ekonomski in monetarni uniji .
1990 Star t of Stage One of EMU .
1990 začetek prve faze EMU .
Amended Treaty on European Union ( Treaty of Amsterdam ) enters into force .
veljati začne spremenjena Pogodba o Evropski uniji ( Amsterdamska pogodba ) .
Treaty on European Union ( Maastricht Treaty ) enters into force .
veljati začne Pogodba o Evropski uniji ( Maastrichtska pogodba ) .
2001 Greece joins euro area as 12th country .
2001 Grčija se kot 12 . država pridruži euroobmočju .
Star t of Stage Two of EMU .
začetek druge faze EMU .
European Monetary Institute ( EMI ) is established in Frankfur t am Main .
V Frankfurtu na Majni je ustanovljen Evropski monetarni inštitut ( EMI ) .
Euro banknotes and coins are put into circulation .
uporabljati se začnejo eurobankovci in kovanci .
2003 2004 1995 Austria , Finland and Sweden join EU
1995 Avstrija , Finska in Švedska pristopijo k EU . 2003 2004
Amended Treaty on European Union ( Treaty of Nice ) enters into force .
veljati začne spremenjena Pogodba o Evropski uniji ( Pogodba iz Nice ) .
1998 EMI is liquidated ;
1998 EMI preneha obstajati ;
European Central Bank is established in Frankfur t am Main
v Frankfurtu na Majni je ustanovljena Evropska centralna banka .
1999 Ten more countries join EU on 1 May .
1999 1 . maja se deset novih držav pridruži EU .
Star t of Stage Three of EMU with 11 par ticipating countries ;
11 držav začne s tretjo fazo EMU ;
introduction of the euro as a single currency .
euro postane enotna valuta .
STRUCTURE AND TASKS
STRUKTURA IN NALOGE
THE EUROPEAN SYSTEM OF CENTRAL BANKS AND E U RO S YS T E M established in the European . It comprises banks ( NCBs )
2.1 Evropski sistem centralnih bank ( ESCB ) E VRO PSK I SI S TEM CENTRALN I H BANK I N EUROSI S TEM
The European System of Central Banks ( ESCB ) was accordance with the Maastricht Treaty and the Statute of System of Central Banks and of the European Central Bank the European Central Bank ( ECB ) and the national central of all EU Member States .
je bil ustanovljen v skladu z Maastrichtsko pogodbo in Statutom Evropskega sistema centralnih bank in Evropske centralne banke . Sestavljajo ga Evropska centralna banka ( ECB ) in nacionalne centralne banke ( NCB ) vseh držav članic EU .
The Eurosystem comprises the ECB and the NCBs of the EU Member States which have adopted the euro ( currently 12 ) .
Eurosistem obsega ECB in nacionalne centralne banke držav članic EU , ki so že sprejele euro ( teh je trenutno 12 ) .
The ECB 's decision-making bodies are the Governing Council and the Executive Board .
Organa odločanja ECB sta Svet in Izvršilni odbor ECB .
The ECB 's monetary policy decisions are taken by the Governing Council . The Executive Board implements the decisions and is responsible for the daily management of the ECB .
Svet ECB sprejema sklepe o denarni politiki , Izvršilni odbor pa jih izvaja in skrbi za dnevno upravljanje ECB .
The third decision-making body of the ECB is the General Council , which will continue to exist as long as there are EU Member States which have not yet adopted the euro as their currency .
Tretji organ odločanja ECB je Razširjeni svet , ki bo svoje naloge opravljal , dokler ne bodo vse države članice EU uvedle eura kot svoje valute .
The ECB is a supra-national organisation over from its predecessor , the European Monetary Institute ( EMI ) .
E VRO PSKA CENTRALN A BANKA ECB je nadnacionalna ECB je bila ustanovljena junija 1998 v Frankfurtu na Majni in je s tem organizacija prevzela delo svojega predhodnika -- Evropskega monetarnega inštituta .
It is a supra-national institution with its own legal personality .
2.2 nadnacionalna ustanova s svojo pravno osebnostjo .
In 2002 the ECB launched an international architectural competition for its future permanent headquar ters , for which a site in the eastern par t of Frankfur t has been acquired . The staff of the ECB is truly European ;
Leta 2002 je razpisala mednarodni arhitekturni natečaj za nove prostore stalnega sedeža , za katerega je pridobila zemljišče v vzhodnem delu Frankfurta .
its members come from all 25 countries of the European Union . 2.2 The ECB was established in June 1998 in Frankfur t am Main , taking
Osebje ECB je evropsko v pravem pomenu besede , saj zaposleni prihajajo iz vseh 25 držav članic Evropske unije .
T H E E U RO P E A N C E N T R A L B A N K
gl .
see Glossary
glosar
2.1 The European System of Central Banks and the Eurosystem 2.2 The European Central Bank 2.3 Tasks of the Eurosystem
2.1 Evropski sistem centralnih bank in Eurosistem 2.2 Evropska centralna banka 2.3 Naloge Eurosistema
Independence National central banks Decision-making bodies of the ECB ESCB Committees
Neodvisnost Nacionalne centralne banke Organi odločanja ECB Odbori ESCB
4 5 6 The Eurosystem has four main tasks .
6 Eurosistem ima štiri glavne naloge .
The first task is to carry out the monetary policy adopted by the Governing Council of the ECB -- e.g. decisions on the key ECB interest rates ( the minimum bid rate on the main refinancing operations as well as interest rates on the marginal lending facility and the deposit facility and , where appropriate , decisions relating to monetary objectives and the supply of reserves ) .
Prva je izvajanje denarne politike , ki jo sprejme Svet ECB . Eurosistem tako na primer izvaja sklepe o ključnih obrestnih merah ECB ( izklicna obrestna mera za operacije glavnega refinanciranja ter obrestni meri za odprto ponudbo mejnega posojanja in odprto ponudbo deponiranja likvidnosti čez noč ) , po potrebi pa tudi sklepe v zvezi s cilji denarne politike in zagotavljanjem rezerv .
The Executive Board is responsible for implementing the monetary policy , a responsibility it exercises by giving instructions to the NCBs .
Za izvajanje denarne politike je odgovoren Izvršilni odbor , ki jo izvršuje tako , da daje navodila nacionalnim centralnim bankam .
For example , the Executive Board decides once a week on the allotment of liquidity to the banking sector via the main refinancing operations .
Izvršilni odbor na primer enkrat tedensko sprejme odločitev o količini likvidnosti , ki jo dodeli bančnemu sektorju prek operacij glavnega refinanciranja .
The second and third tasks of the Eurosystem are to conduct foreign exchange operations and to hold and manage the official reserves of the euro area countries .
Druga in tretja naloga Eurosistema sta , da opravlja devizne posle in upravlja uradne devizne rezerve držav euroobmočja . ter da ima
The Eurosystem NCBs have transferred foreign reser ve assets to the ECB totalling some Euros 40 billion ( 85 % in foreign currency holdings and 15 % in gold ) . In exchange , the NCBs have received interest-bearing claims on the ECB , denominated in euro .
Svet ECB določi ključne obrestne mere Devizne rezerve , ki jih hranijo ECB in nacionalne centralne banke Nacionalne centralne banke Eurosistema so na ECB prenesle devizne rezerve v višini 40 milijard EUR ( od tega 85 % v imetjih v tuji valuti in 15 % v zlatu ) in v zameno pridobile obrestonosne terjatve do ECB , izražene v eurih .
Eurosystem NCBs are involved in the management of the ECB 's foreign reser ves : they act as agents for the ECB , in accordance with por tfolio management guidelines set by the ECB .
Nacionalne centralne banke Eurosistema sodelujejo pri upravljanju deviznih rezerv ECB , saj v skladu s smernicami za upravljanje portfelja , ki jih določi ECB , delujejo kot njene izpostave .
The remaining Eurosystem foreign reser ve assets are owned and managed by the NCBs . Transactions in those reser ve assets are regulated by the Eurosystem .
Preostale devizne rezerve Eurosistema imajo in upravljajo nacionalne centralne banke , vendar posle z njimi ureja Eurosistem .
In particular , transactions above certain thresholds require prior approval from the ECB .
ECB mora predhodno odobriti zlasti posle , ki po obsegu presegajo določen prag .
A four th main task of the Eurosystem is to promote the smooth operation of payment systems . Fur thermore , the Eurosystem contributes to the conduct of financial supervision : it advises legislators in its field of competence and it compiles monetary and financial statistics .
Četrta naloga Eurosistema je podpiranje nemotenega delovanja plačilnih sistemov , Eurosistem pa poleg tega prispeva tudi k opravljanju finančnega nadzora , saj zakonodajalcem svetuje o zadevah , ki sodijo v njegovo področje pristojnosti , ter pripravlja denarno in finančno statistiko .
The Treaty also specifies that the ECB has the exclusive right to authorise the issue of euro banknotes . Euro banknotes and coins Banking supervision
Pogodba prav tako določa , da ima ECB izključno pravico odobriti izdajanje eurobankovcev .
2.4 When performing Eurosystem-related tasks , the ECB and the national central banks must not seek or take instructions from Community institutions or bodies , from any government of an EU country or from any other body .
2.4 ECB in nacionalne centralne banke pri opravljanju nalog , povezanih z Eurosistemom , ne smejo zahtevati ali sprejemati informacij od institucij ali organov Skupnosti , vlad držav članic EU ali drugih organov .
Likewise , the Community institutions and bodies and the governments of the Member States must not seek to influence the members of the decisionmaking bodies of the ECB or of the NCBs in the performance of their tasks .
Prav tako pa tudi institucije in organi Skupnosti ter vlade držav članic ne smejo vplivati na člane organov odločanja ECB ali nacionalnih centralnih bank pri opravljanju njihovih nalog .
INDEPENDENCE
Osebna neodvisnost
Personal independence The Statute of the ESCB and of the ECB provides for security of tenure for governors of NCBs and members of the Executive Board as follows : -* a minimum term of office for NCB governors of five years ;
V statutu ESCB in ECB je varnost mandata guvernerjev nacionalnih centralnih bank in članov Izvršilnega odbora ECB določena , kot sledi : -* najmanj petletni mandat za guvernerje nacionalnih centralnih bank ;
-* a non-renewable term of office of eight years for members of the Executive Board of the ECB ;
-* enkratni osemletni mandat za člane Izvršilnega odbora ECB ;
-* removal of the Members of the Executive Board from office only in the event of incapacity or serious misconduct ;
-* razrešitev članov Izvršilnega odbora le v primeru nezmožnosti za opravljanje dela ali hujše kršitve ;
in this respect the Court of Justice of the European Communities is competent to settle any disputes .
za reševanje s tem povezanih sporov je pristojno Sodišče Evropskih skupnosti .
Functional independence
Funkcionalna neodvisnost
The Eurosystem is also functionally independent .
Eurosistem je tudi funkcionalno neodvisen .
The ECB and the NCBs have at their disposal all instruments and competencies necessary for the conduct of an efficient monetary policy and are authorised to decide autonomously how and when to use them . The Eurosystem is prohibited from granting loans to Community bodies or national public sector entities , which fur ther enhances its independence by shielding it from any influence exercised by public authorities .
ECB in nacionalne centralne banke imajo vse potrebne instrumente in pristojnosti za izvajanje učinkovite denarne politike ter imajo pravico , da jih samostojno uporabijo ali uveljavijo kadar koli ali kakor koli se jim zdi primerno . Eurosistem ne sme odobriti posojil organom Skupnosti ali subjektom iz javnega sektorja držav članic .
Moreover , the ECB 's Governing Council has the right to adopt binding regulations to carry out the tasks of the ESCB and in cer tain other cases , as laid down in specific acts of the EU Council .
Poleg tega ima Svet ECB pravico , da za namene izvajanja nalog ESCB in v nekaterih drugih primerih sprejme zavezujoče uredbe , kot je določeno v posebnih aktih Sveta EU .
Nationale Bank van België / Banque Nationale de Belgique Deutsche Bundesbank Bank of Greece Banco de España Banque de France Central Bank and Financial Services Authority of Ireland Banca d' Italia Banque centrale du Luxembourg De Nederlandsche Bank Oesterreichische Nationalbank Banco de Por tugal Suomen Pankki Finlands Bank
Nationale Bank van België / Banque Nationale de Belgique Deutsche Bundesbank Banka Grčije Banco de España Banque de France Central Bank and Financial Services Authority of Ireland Banca d' Italia Banque centrale du Luxembourg De Nederlandsche Bank Oesterreichische Nationalbank Banco de Por tugal Suomen Pankki Finlands Bank
2.5 The national central banks of the Eurosystem have a legal personality ( under the law of their respective country ) which is separate from that of the ECB .
2.5 Nacionalne centralne banke Eurosistema so pravne osebe ( v skladu z zakonodajo svoje države ) in kot take ločene od pravne osebnosti ECB .
At the same time , they are an integral part of the Eurosystem , which is responsible for price stability in the euro area ; they operate in line with the ECB 's guidelines and instructions in the performance of the Eurosystem 's tasks .
Vendar so hkrati tudi sestavni del Eurosistema , ki je odgovoren za stabilnost cen v euroobmočju , pri opravljanju nalog Eurosistema pa delujejo v skladu s smernicami in navodili ECB . N ACION ALNE CENTRALNE BANKE
N AT I O N A L C E N T R A L B A N K S NCBs carry out monetary policy The NCBs are involved in conducting the single monetary policy of the euro operations area .
Nacionalne centralne banke izvajajo Nacionalne centralne banke sodelujejo pri izvajanju enotne denarne politike operacije denarne politike euroobmočja .
They carr y out monetar y policy operations , such as providing central bank money to credit institutions , and they ensure settlement of cashless domestic and cross-border payments .
Tako izvršujejo operacije denarne politike , kot je oskrbovanje kreditnih institucij s centralnobančnim denarjem , in zagotavljajo poravnavanje domačih in čezmejnih brezgotovinskih plačil .
Moreover , they under take foreign reser ve management operations on their own account and as agents for the ECB .
Poleg tega zase in za ECB izvajajo operacije upravljanja z deviznimi rezervami .
In addition , the NCBs are largely responsible for collecting national statistical data and for issuing and handling euro banknotes in their respective countries . The NCBs also perform functions outside the scope of the Statute , unless the Governing Council deems them to be incompatible with the objectives and tasks of the Eurosystem .
Nacionalne centralne banke so tudi v veliki meri odgovorne za zbiranje nacionalnih statističnih podatkov ter za izdajanje eurobankovcev in ravnanje z njimi v svoji državi , opravljajo pa tudi funkcije , ki niso določene v Statutu , vendar le , če Svet ECB meni , da so združljive s cilji in nalogami Eurosistema .
Under national laws , the NCBs can be assigned other functions that are not related to monetary policy functions : some NCBs are involved in banking supervision and / or act as the government 's principal banker .
V nacionalni zakonodaji je lahko določeno , da NCB opravlja tudi druge funkcije , ki niso povezane z denarno politiko . Nekatere nacionalne centralne banke tako sodelujejo pri bančnem nadzoru in / ali imajo vlogo glavnega državnega bankirja .
DECISION-MAKING BODIES OF THE ECB Governing Council meets every The Governing Council of the ECB comprises the members of the second Thursday Executive Board of the ECB and the governors of the NCBs of the euro area
O RG AN I O D LO Č A N J A ECB Svet ECB sestavljajo člani Izvršilnega odbora ECB in guvernerji nacionalnih Svet ECB se sestaja vsak drugi četrtek centralnih bank držav euroobmočja .
countries .
sestati vsaj desetkrat na leto .
The Statute of the ESCB states that the Governing Council of the ECB must meet at least ten times a year .
Datume zasedanj določi Svet na predlog Izvršilnega odbora .
The dates of its meetings are decided by the Governing Council itself on the basis of a proposal from the Executive Board . Unless at least three governors object , meetings may also be held by see Glossary
Zasedanja lahko potekajo tudi v obliki telekonference , razen če temu nasprotujejo najmanj trije guvernerji .