natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The Broad Economic Policy Guidelines ( BEPGs ) are the principal policy instrument for coordinating national economic policies .
Širše smernice ekonomskih politik so glavni instrument za usklajevanje nacionalnih ekonomskih politik45 .
45 They contain orientations for the general conduct of economic policy and make specific recommendations to each Member State and the Community .
Vsebujejo splošne usmeritve za vodenje ekonomske politike ter posebna priporočila vsaki državi članici in Skupnosti . Z orisom potrebnih ukrepov 45
By outlining the necessary measures in different policy fields -- public finances , structural reforms , taxation , labour market regulation or training and education -- the BEPGs set the standard against which subsequent national and European policy decisions must be measured . The BEPGs are adopted in the form of a recommendation and are therefore not legally binding or enforceable .
na različnih področjih politike -- kot so javne finance , strukturne reforme , obdavčenje , delovna zakonodaja ter usposabljanje in izobraževanje -- širše smernice določajo standard , s katerim je treba primerjati odločitve držav članic in Skupnosti .
Instead , they rely on persuasion and « peer pressure » to galvanise governments into appropriate policy action . However , their endorsement by the European Council46 gives them political weight .
Širše smernice ekonomskih politik se sprejemajo v obliki priporočila in zato niso pravno zavezujoče ali izvršljive .
With respect to the independence and statutory mandate of the ECB , the BEPGs do not apply to monetary policy . 46 The European Council 's endorsement of the BEPG is the only formal action by this body in EMU matters .
Namesto tega se pri spodbujanju vlad k ustreznemu ukrepanju zanašajo na prepričljivost in pritisk med enakimi ( peer pressure ) . Vendar pa jim dejstvo , da jih potrjuje Evropski svet46 , vseeno daje politično težo .
31 In addition , specific procedures , commonly called « processes » , have been developed .
Poleg njih so bili razviti posebni postopki , ki se običajno imenujejo „procesi » .
The « Luxembourg process » is the coordination procedure for national employment policies .
„Luksemburški proces » je namenjen koordinaciji nacionalnih politik zaposlovanja .
Its main policy instrument is the annual Employment Guidelines , which set out recommendations and priority areas of action , especially with regard to training and education and labour market reform , and the transposition of these orientations into national action plans .
Njegov glavni instrument so letne smernice politike zaposlovanja , ki dajejo priporočila in določajo prednostna področja delovanja , zlasti glede usposabljanja in izobraževanja ter reforme trga dela , kot tudi prenosa usmeritev v nacionalne akcijske načrte .
The « Cardiff process » is a system of monitoring and peer review of structural reforms .
„Cardifski proces » je sistem spremljanja in medsebojnega pregledovanja strukturnih reform .
The main instrument is the annual multilateral surveillance of the progress of economic reform .
Njegov glavni instrument je letni večstranski nadzor napredka pri gospodarskih reformah .
This exercise takes place on the basis of annual reports from the Member States and the European Commission and derives additional force from a more in-depth multilateral review of economic reforms by the Economic Policy Committee .
Poteka na podlagi letnih poročil držav članic in Evropske komisije , k njemu pa precej prispeva tudi podroben večstranski pregled gospodarskih reform , ki ga opravi Odbor za ekonomsko politiko .
The « Cologne process » provides for macroeconomic dialogue among the social partners , national governments , the European Commission and the ECB .
„Kölnski proces » je namenjen makroekonomskemu dialogu med socialnimi partnerji , nacionalnimi vladami , Evropsko komisijo in ECB .
The main instrument of this process is an exchange of assessments of the economic situation and prospects of the EU .
Glavni instrument tega procesa je izmenjava ocen o gospodarski situaciji in prihodnjih možnostih EU .
The macroeconomic dialogue forms part of the European Employment Pact and thus complements both the Luxembourg and Cardiff processes .
Makroekonomski dialog je del evropskega pakta zaposlovanja in tako dopolnjuje tako luksemburški kot cardifski proces .
The « Lisbon Strategy » established a comprehensive reform agenda which aims , among other things , to enhance the functioning of the Single Market and overcome existing fragmentation and inefficiencies in areas as varied as securities markets , access to risk capital or air traffic control .
V „lizbonski strategiji » je bil določen obsežen reformni program , katerega cilj je med drugim izboljšati delovanje enotnega trga ter preseči obstoječo razdrobljenost in neučinkovitost na tako različnih področjih , kot so trg vrednostnih papirjev , dostop do tveganega kapitala ali kontrola zračnega prometa .
Unlike the BEPGs , the « excessive deficit procedure » for fiscal policies ( Article 104 of the EC Treaty , complemented by the Stability and Growth Pact ) is legally binding and enforceable ( see Box 5 ) .
Za razliko od širših smernic ekonomskih politik pa je „postopek v zvezi s čezmernim primanjkljajem » ( člen 104 Pogodbe ES , dopolnjen s Paktom za stabilnost in rast ) , ki se uporablja v zvezi s fiskalno politiko , pravno zavezujoč in izvršljiv ( glej okvir 5 ) .
Budgetary discipline is supported by the prohibitions on granting central bank credit to the government sector ( Article 101 ) and any form of privileged access for the public sector to financial institutions ( Article 102 ) .
K proračunski disciplini prispeva prepoved centralnobančnega kreditiranja vladnega sektorja ( člen 101 ) in prepoved kakršnega koli privilegiranega dostopa javnega sektorja do finančnih institucij ( člen 102 ) .
Under the « no bail out » clause , neither the Community nor any Member State is liable for or can assume the debts incurred by another Member State ( Article 103 ) .
V skladu z določbo no bail out niti Skupnost niti posamezne države članice ne jamčijo za obveznosti druge države članice niti jih ne prevzemajo ( člen 103 ) .
Thus high government debt cannot be « inflated » away , and a government that does not stick to the rules cannot rely on being eventually bailed out by other governments .
To vladam preprečuje , da bi „napihnile » javnofinančni dolg in ga naprtile drugim , pa tudi , da bi se zanašale na finančno podporo drugih vlad , če se ne držijo pravil .
This asymmetry between the monetary and economic aspects of EMU implies that there is no « EU government » in the same way as there are national governments . However , this situation is not necessarily a flaw in the Community 's economic policy framework .
Takšna asimetričnost denarnih in ekonomskih vidikov ekonomske in monetarne unije pomeni , da ne obstaja „vlada EU » , ki bi jo lahko primerjali z nacionalnimi 46
Allowing the Member States a large degree of autonomy in decision-making in important fields of economic policy provides vital room for manoeuvre and offers scope for the beneficial effects of healthy policy competition .
Potrditev širših smernic ekonomskih politik je edini formalni ukrep Evropskega sveta v zvezi z zadevami EMU .
At the same time , the rules and procedures of the economic policy framework ensure macroeconomic stability , provided that the policy-makers respect them .
Vse druge zadeve EMU , ki zahtevajo obravnavo na ravni voditeljev držav ali vlad , zahtevajo ali medvladni sklep ali sklep Sveta EU v sestavi voditeljev držav ali vlad .
B ox 5 T h e C o m m u n i t y f r a m e wo r k f o r f i s c a l p o l i c i e s The Treaty contains several provisions aimed at ensuring sound government finances in Stage Three of EMU , given that fiscal policy remains the responsibility of the national governments .
Okvir 5 Fiskalni okvir Skupnosti Glede na to , da ostajajo nacionalne vlade odgovorne za fiskalno politiko , vsebuje Pogodba ES več določb , katerih cilj je zagotoviti zdrave javne finance v tretji fazi ekonomske in monetarne unije .
One relates to the excessive deficit procedure , as defined in Article 104 and a protocol annexed to the Treaty .
Ena od njih se nanaša na postopek v zvezi s čezmernim primanjkljajem , kot je določen v členu 104 in v Pogodbi priloženem protokolu .
This procedure lays down the conditions that must prevail for a budgetary position to be judged sound .
Določa , kateri pogoji morajo biti izpolnjeni , da bi se proračun štel za zdravega .
Article 104 decrees that « Member States shall avoid excessive government deficits » .
Člen 104 predpisuje : „Države članice se izogibajo čezmernemu javnofinančnemu primanjkljaju ."
Compliance with this requirement is assessed on the basis of a reference value for the government deficit-to-GDP ratio of 3 %, and a reference value for the government debt-to-GDP ratio of 60 %.
Skladnost s to zahtevo se ocenjuje na podlagi referenčne vrednosti , ki za proračunski primanjkljaj znaša 3 % BDP , za javni dolg pa 60 % BDP .
Under conditions defined in the Treaty and further specified in the Stability and Growth Pact ( SGP ) , such as an annual fall of real GDP of at least 2 %, deficit or debt ratios above the reference values may be tolerated , and will not be considered as implying the existence of an excessive deficit .
Pod pogoji iz Pogodbe , ki jih podrobneje določa Pakt za stabilnost in rast ( kot je na primer padec realnega BDP za 2 % ali več na letni ravni ) , je dovoljen tudi delež javnofinančnega primanjkljaja ali dolga , ki presega referenčno vrednost , in ni nujno povod za ugotavljanje čezmernega primanjkljaja .
Should the EU Council decide that an excessive deficit exists in a certain country , the excessive deficit procedure provides for further steps to be taken , including sanctions .
Če Svet EU odloči , da v določeni državi obstaja čezmerni primanjkljaj , so v postopku v zvezi s čezmernim primanjkljajem predvideni nadaljnji koraki , vključno s sankcijami .
The SGP was adopted in 1997 , and complements and further clarifies the implementation of the excessive deficit procedure .
Pakt za stabilnost in rast je bil sprejet leta 1997 ter dopolnjuje in pojasnjuje izvajanje postopka v zvezi s čezmernim primanjkljajem .
It consists of the Resolution of the European Council on the SGP , the « Council Regulation on the strengthening of the surveillance of budgetary positions and the surveillance and coordination of economic policies » and the « Council Regulation on speeding up and clarifying the implementation of the excessive deficit procedure » .
Sestavljajo ga Resolucija Evropskega sveta o Paktu za stabilnost in rast , „Uredba Sveta o krepitvi nadzora nad proračunskim stanjem ter o nadzoru in usklajevanju gospodarskih politik » in „Uredba Sveta o pospešitvi in razjasnitvi izvajanja postopka v zvezi s čezmernim primanjkljajem » .
By agreeing to the SGP , Member States have committed themselves to pursuing the medium-term objective of budgetary positions « close to balance or in surplus » .
S sprejetjem Pakta za stabilnost in rast so se države članice zavezale , da bodo vzdrževale srednjeročni cilj proračunskega stanja „blizu ravnotežja ali v presežku » .
The idea is that having such positions would allow them to deal with the budgetary impact of normal cyclical fluctuations without breaching the 3 % of GDP reference value .
Takšno proračunsko stanje bi jim omogočilo obvladati vpliv normalnih cikličnih nihanj , ne da bi pri tem proračunski primanjkljaj presegel referenčno vrednost 3 % BDP .
In a framework of multilateral surveillance , euro area participants are obliged to submit stability programmes to the EU Council and the European Commission .
V okviru večstranskega nadzora morajo države članice , ki sodelujejo v euroobmočju , Svetu EU in Evropski komisiji predložiti svoje programe stabilnosti .
The non-participating Member States have to submit convergence programmes .
Nesodelujoče države morajo predložiti svoje konvergenčne programe .
Both of these contain the information needed to assess the budgetary adjustments envisaged over the medium term to reach the close-to-balance or in-surplus position .
Eni in drugi vsebujejo podatke , potrebne za oceno predvidenega srednjeročnega proračunskega prilagajanja , ki naj privede do skoraj uravnoteženega proračuna ali proračunskega presežka .
An essential complement to these ways of promoting stability-oriented fiscal policies is the Treaty 's « no bail-out » clause .
Bistvena dopolnitev instrumentov spodbujanja stabilnostno usmerjene fiskalne politike je tudi določba Pogodbe , ki prepoveduje solidarnostno odgovornost za obveznosti posameznih držav članic ( tako imenovana določba no bail out ) .
Article 103 ( 1 ) of the Treaty states : « The Community shall not be liable for or assume the commitments of central governments , regional , local or other public authorities , other bodies governed by public law , or public undertakings of any Member State [...
Člen 103 ( 1 ) Pogodbe pravi : „Skupnost ne jamči za obveznosti niti ne prevzema obveznosti institucionalnih enot centralne , regionalne ali lokalne ravni države in drugih oseb javnega prava ali javnih podjetij katere koli države članice [...
A Member State shall not be liable for or assume the commitments of central governments , regional , local or other public authorities , other bodies governed by public law , or public undertakings of another Member State » .
Država članica ne jamči za obveznosti niti ne prevzema obveznosti institucionalnih enot centralne , regionalne ali lokalne ravni države in drugih oseb javnega prava ali javnih podjetij katere koli države članice [...
This clause ensures that the responsibility for repaying public debt remains national .
Ta določba zagotavlja , da odgovornost odplačila javnega dolga ostaja odgovornost vsake države članice .
It thus encourages prudent fiscal policies at the national level .
S tem spodbuja previdno fiskalno politiko na nacionalni ravni .
Further provisions contributing to fiscal discipline are the prohibitions of monetary financing of budget deficits and of any form of privileged access for the public sector to financial institutions . Article 101 of the Treaty forbids the ECB and the NCBs to provide monetary financing for public deficits using « overdraft facilities or any other type of
32 Okvir 5 Fiskalni okvir Skupnosti Druge določbe , ki prav tako prispevajo k fiskalni disciplini , so prepoved denarnega financiranja proračunskega primanjkljaja in prepoved kakršnega koli privilegiranega dostopa javnega sektorja do finančnih institucij .
B ox 5 T h e C o m m u n i t y f r a m e wo r k f o r f i s c a l p o l i c i e s ( c o n t « d ) credit facility with the ECB or with the central banks of the Member States » .
Člen 101 Pogodbe Evropski centralni banki in nacionalnim centralnim bankam prepoveduje denarno financiranje javnega primanjkljaja z uporabo „prekoračitev pozitivnega stanja na računu ali druge oblike kreditov pri ECB ali pri centralnih bankah držav članic » .
Article 102 of the Treaty prohibits any measure that may establish privileged access to financial institutions for governments and Community institutions or bodies .
Člen 102 Pogodbe prepoveduje vse ukrepe , ki ustvarjajo privilegiran dostop vlad in institucij ali organov Skupnosti do finančnih institucij .
In addition to increasing the incentives to pursue sound public finances and prudent fiscal policies , these provisions contribute to the credibility of the single monetary policy in the pursuit of price stability .
Te določbe ne spodbujajo le prizadevanj za zdrave javne finance in previdno fiskalno politiko , pač pa prispevajo tudi k verodostojnosti enotne denarne politike pri zasledovanju cenovne stabilnosti .
Excerpts from ECB ( 2004 ) , The monetary policy of the ECB , p. 23 .
Odlomek iz ECB ( 2004 ) , The Monetary Policy of the ECB , str . 23 .
D i f f e re n t i a t e d i n t e g r a t i o n EU membership does not automatically imply participation in the euro area .
Velika stopnja samostojnosti , ki jo države članice uživajo pri odločanju o pomembnih zadevah ekonomske politike , zagotavlja nujno potreben manevrski prostor in omogoča , da pridejo do izraza učinki zdrave konkurence na področju politik . Hkrati pa pravila in postopki okvira ekonomske politike zagotavljajo makroekonomsko stabilnost , če jih le oblikovalci politik spoštujejo .
Besides the aforementioned special status of Denmark and the United Kingdom , participation in the euro area requires a Member State to fulfil the conditions necessary for the adoption of the single currency .
Diferencirano povezovanje Članstvo v EU samo po sebi še ne pomeni tudi sodelovanja v euroobmočju . Če odmislimo prej omenjeni posebni status , ki ga uživata Danska in Združeno kraljestvo , sodelovanje v euroobmočju od države članice zahteva izpolnjevanje pogojev , potrebnih za uvedbo enotne valute .
The conditions necessary for the adoption of the single currency are a high degree of sustainable convergence ( economic convergence ) and the compatibility of national legislation with the Treaty provisions on EMU ( legal convergence ) ( see Box 6 ) .
Pogoji , potrebni za uvedbo enotne valute , so visoka stopnja trajnostne konvergence ( ekonomska konvergenca ) in združljivost nacionalne zakonodaje z določbami Pogodbe o ekonomski in monetarni uniji ( pravna konvergenca ) ( glej okvir 6 ) .
Under Article 121 ( 1 ) of the EC Treaty , the achievement of a high degree of sustainable economic convergence is assessed by reference to the following criteria : -* a high degree of price stability ;
Doseganje visoke stopnje trajnostne konvergence se po členu 121 ( 1 ) Pogodbe ES presoja s pomočjo naslednjih kriterijev : -* visoka stopnja stabilnosti cen ;
-* the sustainability of the government 's financial position ;
-* vzdržnost stanja javnih financ ;
-* the observance of the normal fluctuation margins provided for by the exchange rate mechanism of the European Monetary System for at least two years ;
-* spoštovanje normalnih meja nihanja , predvidenih z mehanizmom deviznega tečaja evropskega monetarnega sistema , v obdobju najmanj dveh let ;
-* the durability of convergence achieved by the Member State and of its participation in the exchange rate mechanism of the European Monetary System , as reflected in the long-term interest rate levels . Before a Member State can join the euro area , it must prove that it has fulfilled these criteria in a lasting manner .
-* trajnost dosežene konvergence in sodelovanja države članice v mehanizmu deviznega tečaja evropskega monetarnega sistema , kar se kaže v ravni dolgoročnih obrestnih mer .
This provision ensures that EMU remains in line with its fundamental objectives and guiding principles , in particular stable prices , sound public finances and monetary conditions , and a sustainable balance of payments .
Preden se lahko država članica pridruži euroobmočju , mora dokazati , da je omenjene kriterije trajno izpolnila .
The requirement of legal convergence obliges each Member State to adapt national legislation to ensure the independence of the respective NCB and to integrate it into the ESCB . The European Commission and the ECB ( in 1998 , the EMI ) independently assess both economic and legal convergence and report their findings to the EU Council ( meeting in both the ECOFIN composition and the composition of the Heads of State or Government ) , which takes the final decision .
Ta določba zagotavlja , da ekonomska in monetarna unija ostaja v skladu s svojimi temeljnimi cilji in vodilnimi načeli , zlasti glede stabilnih cen , zdravih javnih financ in denarnih pogojev ter uravnotežene plačilne bilance . 33
34 B ox 6 C o n d i t i o n s n e c e s s a r y f o r t h e a d o p t i o n o f t h e e u ro The conditions for the adoption of the euro are laid down in Article 121 of the EC Treaty and the Protocol annexed to the EC Treaty on the convergence criteria referred to in Article 121 .
Okvir 6 Pogoji za uvedbo eura Pogoji za uvedbo eura so določeni v členu 121 Pogodbe ES in v Protokolu o konvergenčnih kriterijih , ki ga omenja člen 121 Pogodbe in je priložen Pogodbi .
The application of these provisions has been assessed in the convergence reports issued by the EMI and the ECB .
Uporaba teh določb se ocenjuje v konvergenčnih poročilih ECB ( prej EMI ) .
The conditions for the adoption of the euro are : -* achievement of a high degree of sustainable convergence (" economic convergence ") ;
Pogoji za uvedbo eura so : -* doseganje visoke stopnje trajnostne konvergence ( „ekonomska konvergenca ") ;
-* compatibility of each Member State 's national legislation with Articles 108 and 109 of the EC Treaty and the Statute of the ESCB (" legal convergence ") .
-* združljivost nacionalne zakonodaje vsake države članice s členoma 108 in 109 Pogodbe ES in Statutom ESCB ( „pravna konvergenca ") .
E c o n o m i c c o nve r g e n c e Whether the Member State in question has achieved a high degree of sustainable convergence is assessed on the basis of four criteria : price stability , sound fiscal position , exchange rate stability and converging interest rates .
Ekonomska konvergenca Ali zadevna država članica dosega visoko stopnjo trajnostne konvergence ali ne , se presoja na podlagi štirih kriterijev : stabilnosti cen , zdravega javnofinančnega položaja , stabilnosti deviznih tečajev in zbliževanja obrestnih mer .
P r i c e d eve l o p m e n t s The first indent of Article 121 ( 1 ) of the EC Treaty requires « the achievement of a high degree of price stability » , and states that « this will be apparent from a rate of inflation which is close to that of , at most , the three best performing Member States in terms of price stability » .
Cenovna gibanja Prva alinea člena 121 ( 1 ) Pogodbe ES zahteva „doseganje visoke stopnje stabilnosti cen » in pravi , da je to „razvidno iz stopnje inflacije , ki je blizu stopnji inflacije največ treh držav članic z najboljšimi doseženimi rezultati glede stabilnosti cen » .
Article 1 of the Protocol states that « the criterion on price stability [...
Člen 1 Protokola pravi , da „kriterij stabilnosti cen [...
] shall mean that a Member State has a price performance that is sustainable and an average rate of inflation , observed over a period of one year before the examination , that does not exceed by more than 1 ½ percentage points that of , at most , the three best performing Member States in terms of price stability .
] pomeni , da ima zadevna država članica trajno stabilne cene in povprečno stopnjo inflacije , zabeleženo v enem letu pred pregledom , ki ne presega za več kakor 1 ½ odstotne točke stopnje inflacije največ treh držav članic z najboljšimi doseženimi rezultati glede stabilnosti cen .
Inflation shall be measured by means of the consumer price index on a comparable basis , taking into account differences in national definitions » .
Višina inflacije se izračuna z uporabo indeksa cen življenjskih potrebščin na primerljivi osnovi , upoštevaje razlike v definicijah posameznih držav » .
F i s c a l d eve l o p m e n t s The second indent of Article 121 ( 1 ) of the EC Treaty requires « the sustainability of the government financial position » , and states that « this will be apparent from having achieved a government budgetary position without a deficit that is excessive as determined in accordance with Article 104 ( 6 ) » .
Fiskalna gibanja Druga alinea člena 121 ( 1 ) Pogodbe ES zahteva „vzdržnost stanja javnih financ » in pravi , da to „izhaja iz doseženega proračunskega stanja brez čezmernega primanjkljaja v skladu s členom 104 ( 6 ) » .
Article 2 of the Protocol states that this criterion « [...
Člen 2 Protokola poleg tega določa , da ta kriterij „ [...
] shall mean that at the time of the examination the Member State is not the subject of a Council decision under Article 104 ( 6 ) of this Treaty that an excessive deficit exists » . 35
] pomeni , da v času pregleda za zadevno državo članico ne velja odločba Sveta iz člena 104 ( 6 ) te pogodbe o obstoju čezmernega primanjkljaja » .