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Großmarkthalle in the 1930s © Institut für Stadtgeschichte
Grossmarkthalle v 1930-ih letih © Institut für Stadtgeschichte
The architect behind the Grossmarkthalle
Arhitekt Grossmarkthalle
The Grossmarkthalle was designed by Martin Elsaesser during his time as Stadtbaudirektor ( Director of Town Planning ) for the City of Frankfurt am Main .
Grossmarkthalle je projektiral nem &scaron; ki arhitekt Martin Elsaesser v času , ko je bil » Stadtbaudirektor « oziroma vodja urada za prostorsko načrtovanje mesta Frankfurt na Majni .
The Grossmarkthalle , built between 1926 and 1928 , is probably the most important of his construction works .
Grossmarkthalle je bila zgrajena v letih 1926 &ndash; 1928 in je verjetno njegov najpomembnej &scaron; i arhitekturni projekt .
Not only was it one of the largest building complexes in the city , but also the world 's largest free-spanning reinforced concrete structure at that time .
Bila je ne le eden največjih stavbnih kompleksov v mestu , ampak v svojem času tudi stavba z največjo samonosno konstrukcijo iz železobetona na svetu .
During Ludwig Landmann 's time as mayor , Frankfurt developed into a metropolis .
V metropolo se je Frankfurt razvil v času , ko je bil njegov župan Ludwig Landmann .
In 1925 , he appointed Elsaesser as Stadtbaudirektor for Frankfurt .
Ta je Elsaesserja za vodjo mestnega urada za prostorsko načrtovanje imenoval v letu 1925 .
Elsaesser was responsible for various public buildings , such as the Pestalozzi school in Seckbach , the Römerstadt elementary school , the psychiatric clinic in Niederrad and the indoor swimming pool in Fechenheim .
Elsaesser je bil odgovoren za različne javne stavbe , kot so &scaron; ola Pestalozzi v Seckbachu , osnovna &scaron; ola v Römerstadtu , psihiatrična klinika v Niederradu in pokriti bazen v Fechenheimu .
However , no other building was more symbolic of Frankfurt 's evolution than the Grossmarkthalle .
Vseeno ni razvoja Frankfurta nobena izražala bolje kot prav Grossmarkthalle .
Biography
Življenjepis
Academic studies and early career
&Scaron; tudij in začetek poklicne poti
Martin Elsaesser was born in Tübingen in 1884 .
Martin Elsaesser se je rodil leta 1884 v Tübingenu .
From 1901 to 1906 he studied architecture at the Technical University of Munich under Friedrich von Thiersch , and at the Technical University of Stuttgart under Theodor Fischer .
Med leti 1901 in 1906 je &scaron; tudiral arhitekturo na tehnični univerzi v Münchnu pri Friedrichu von Thierschu ter na tehnični univerzi v Stuttgartu pri Theodorju Fischerju .
In 1905 he won the competition for the design of one of the Lutheran churches in Baden-Baden and began his work as an architect .
Leta 1905 je zmagal na natečaju za eno od luteranskih cerkva v Baden-Badnu in začel delati kot arhitekt .
Between 1906 and 1908 he worked as assistant to Theodor Fischer in Munich , and from 1911 to 1913 as assistant to Professor Paul Bonatz at the Technical University of Stuttgart , where he also held a chair in building design , medieval architecture and building types from 1912 to 1920 . Career peak
Med leti 1906 in 1908 je delal kot asistent Theodorja Fischerja v Münchnu , med leti 1911 in 1913 pa kot asistent prof. Paula Bonatza na tehnični univerzi v Stuttgartu . Tu je med leti 1912 in 1920 poleg tega predaval projektiranje , srednjeve &scaron; ko arhitekturo in stavbne tipe .
Between 1920 and 1925 Elsaesser held the post of Principal Director of the School of Arts and Crafts in Cologne , later known as the Kölner Werkschulen ( Cologne Crafts Schools ) .
Med leti 1920 in 1925 je bil Elsaesser glavni direktor obrtno-tehnične &scaron; ole v Kölnu , kasneje znane kot Kölner Werkschulen .
In 1925 he was appointed to the position of Stadtbaudirektor for Frankfurt am Main by Mayor Ludwig Landmann .
Leta 1925 ga je župan Frankfurta imenoval za vodjo mestnega urada za prostorsko načrtovanje .
National Socialist Germany
Nemčija v času nacionalsocializma
He held this position until 1932 , before moving to Munich , where he continued his work as an architect , and from 1937 to 1945 he lived in Berlin .
Na položaju » Stadtbaudirektorja « je Elsaesser ostal do leta 1932 , ko se je preselil v München , kjer je &scaron; e naprej delal kot arhitekt . Nato je leta 1937 od &scaron; el v Berlin , kjer je ostal do leta 1945 .
In National Socialist Germany , he did not secure any planning commissions , but was able to undertake various projects in Turkey , including the construction of the Sümerbank headquarters in Ankara . Post-war years
V času nacionalsocializma ni dobil nobenega naročila za projektiranje , uspelo pa mu je izvesti nekaj projektov v Turčiji , med drugim gradnjo sedeža poslovne banke Sümerbank v Ankari .
In 1945 he left Berlin and moved back to Stuttgart , in the hope of being commissioned for reconstruction works .
Leta 1945 je zapustil Berlin in se v upanju , da bo dobil naročila pri obnovitvenih delih , preselil v Stuttgart .
However , although Elsaesser published a range of key texts on urban planning , he was still unable to secure any planning commissions .
Vseeno mu kljub dejstvu , da je objavil vrsto temeljnih del o urbanističnem načrtovanju , ni uspelo dobiti nobenega naročila .
Therefore , in 1948 he took up the temporary cover position as Full Professor of Design at the Technical University of Munich , which he held until he retired in 1955 .
Zato je leta 1948 sprejel začasno mesto rednega profesorja oblikovanja na tehnični univerzi v Münchnu , kjer je ostal do upokojitve v letu 1955 .
Martin Elsaesser died in Stuttgart in 1957 .
Martin Elsaesser je umrl v Stuttgartu leta 1957 .
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EDITORIAL 13 March 2008 - Monthly Bulletin
13 . marec 2008 - Mesečni bilten
On the basis of its regular economic and monetary analyses , the Governing Council of the ECB decided at its meeting on 6 March 2008 to leave the key ECB interest rates unchanged .
Svet ECB je na seji 6 . marca 2008 na podlagi redne ekonomske in denarne analize sklenil , da pusti ključne obrestne mere ECB nespremenjene .
The information that has become available since the previous meeting of the Governing Council on 7 February has confirmed the existence of strong short-term upward pressure on inflation .
Informacije , ki so postale dostopne po zadnji seji Sveta ECB 7 . februarja 2008 , so potrdile , da obstajajo močni kratkoročni pritiski na rast inflacije .
It has also confirmed the assessment that there are upside risks to price stability over the medium term , in a context of very vigorous money and credit growth .
Potrdile so tudi , da so ob zelo živahni rasti denarja in kreditov tveganja za cenovno stabilnost v srednjeročnem obdobju usmerjena navzgor .
Incoming macroeconomic data point to moderating but ongoing real GDP growth .
Zadnji makroekonomski podatki kažejo , da se realna rast BDP sicer upočasnjuje , vendar se še vedno nadaljuje .
Yet the level of uncertainty resulting from the turmoil in financial markets remains high .
Vseeno raven negotovosti , ki jo povzročajo pretresi na finančnih trgih , ostaja visoka .
Indeed , the firm anchoring of medium to longer-term inflation expectations is of the highest priority .
Dejansko je trdno zasidranje srednjeročnih do dolgoročnejših inflacijskih pričakovanj glavna prednostna naloga Sveta ECB .
The Governing Council believes that the current monetary policy stance will contribute to achieving this objective , and remains strongly committed to preventing second-round effects and the materialisation of upside risks to price stability over the medium term .
Svet je prepričan , da bo denarna politika s svojo sedanjo naravnanostjo prispevala k doseganju tega cilja , ter ostaja trdno odločen , da prepreči sekundarne učinke in uresničitev navzgor usmerjenih tveganj za stabilnost cen v srednjeročnem obdobju .
Considering first the economic analysis , the latest information on economic activity confirms the picture of moderating growth around the turn of the year .
V ekonomski analizi najnovejši podatki o gospodarski aktivnosti potrjujejo , da se je v obdobju okrog konca leta rast nekoliko upočasnila .
According to Eurostat 's first estimate , the quarter-on-quarter growth rate of euro area real GDP in the fourth quarter of 2007 was 0.4% , following 0.8% in the previous quarter .
Po Eurostatovi prvi oceni je medčetrtletna stopnja rasti realnega BDP v euroobmočju v četrtem četrtletju leta 2007 znašala 0,4% , medtem ko je bila v četrtletju prej na ravni 0,8% .
Surveys of business and consumer confidence , which have followed a downward trend since the summer of 2007 , overall remain consistent with ongoing growth .
Ankete o zaupanju podjetij in potrošnikov , ki od poletja 2007 kažejo trendno upadanje zaupanja , ostajajo na splošno skladne z nadaljevanjem gospodarske rasti .
Looking ahead , in 2008 both domestic and foreign demand are expected to support ongoing real GDP growth in the euro area , albeit at lower rates than during 2007 .
Kar zadeva gibanja v prihodnosti , bosta v letu 2008 nadaljnjo rast BDP v euroobmočju predvidoma podpirala tako domače kot tudi tuje povpraševanje , čeprav na nižji ravni kot v letu 2007 .
The fundamentals of the euro area economy remain sound and the euro area economy does not suffer from major imbalances .
Gospodarski temelji ostajajo trdni in v gospodarstvu euroobmočja ni večjih neravnovesij .
While being dampened by the global slowdown , investment growth should provide ongoing support , as capacity utilisation is high and profitability has been sustained .
Investicije sicer zavira počasnejša svetovna rast , vendar bodo predvidoma še naprej podpirale rast euroobmočja , saj je izkoriščenost zmogljivosti visoka , dobičkonosnost pa je ostala na doseženi ravni .
At the same time , as a result of the improved economic conditions and wage moderation , employment and labour force participation have increased significantly and unemployment rates have fallen to levels not seen for 25 years .
Obenem sta se zaradi izboljšanih gospodarskih razmer in zmernejše rasti plač občutno izboljšali zaposlenost in delež aktivnega prebivalstva , brezposelnost pa je padla na najnižjo raven v zadnjih 25 letih .
Despite the dampening effect of higher commodity prices , consumption growth should continue to contribute to economic expansion , in line with rising employment .
Kljub zaviralnim učinkom višjih cen surovin bo rast potrošnje predvidoma še naprej prispevala k gospodarski ekspanziji sorazmerno z rastočo zaposlenostjo .
These factors are also reflected in the March 2008 ECB staff macroeconomic projections .
Ti dejavniki so opisani tudi v makroekonomskih projekcijah strokovnjakov ECB iz marca 2008 .
Annual real GDP growth is projected to lie in the range of 1.3% to 2.1% in 2008 , and to be between 1.3% and 2.3% in 2009 .
Realna rast BDP se bo po projekcijah v letu 2008 gibala med 1,3% in 2,1% , v letu 2009 pa med 1,3% in 2,3% .
In comparison with the December 2007 Eurosystem staff macroeconomic projections , the ranges projected for real GDP growth in 2008 and 2009 have been revised downwards , reflecting weaker global demand , stronger pressure from commodity prices and less favourable financing conditions than were foreseen in December .
V primerjavi z decembrskimi projekcijami strokovnjakov Eurosistema so bili predvideni razponi realne rasti BDP za leti 2008 in 2009 popravljeni navzdol , kar odraža šibkejše svetovno povpraševanje , močnejše pritiske s strani cen surovin in manj ugodne pogoje financiranje , kot so bili predvideni decembra .
In the view of the Governing Council , uncertainty about the prospects for economic growth remains unusually high .
Po mnenju Sveta ECB je negotovost glede prihodnje gospodarske rasti še vedno neobičajno visoka .
Downside risks to the outlook for economic activity continue to exist .
Še vedno obstajajo tveganja , da se bo gospodarska rast upočasnila .
They relate mainly to a potentially broader than currently expected impact of financial market developments .
Njihov glavni vir predstavlja možnost , da bodo sedanja gibanja na finančnih trgih imela širše učinke , kot je pričakovano .
Further downside risks stem from the scope for additional commodity price rises , protectionist pressures and the possibility of disorderly developments owing to global imbalances .
Nadaljnja tveganja za počasnejšo rast izhajajo iz možnosti za dodatna zvišanja cen surovin in stopnjevanje protekcionističnih pritiskov ter morebitnih neobvladljivih gibanj zaradi svetovnih neravnovesij .
With regard to price developments , according to Eurostat 's flash estimate , the annual HICP inflation rate was 3.2% in February 2008 , unchanged from January .
Na področju cenovnih gibanj je po Eurostatovi prvi oceni medletna inflacija , merjena z indeksom HICP , februarja 2008 znašala 3,2% , kar je enako kot januarja .
This confirms the strong upward pressure on inflation in the short term , stemming mainly from the increases in energy and food prices in recent months .
Ti podatki potrjujejo , da kratkoročno obstajajo močni pritiski na rast inflacije , ki izhajajo predvsem iz rasti cen energentov in hrane v zadnjih mesecih .
Looking ahead , the Governing Council expects a more protracted period of relatively high rates of inflation than it did a few months ago. The annual HICP inflation rate will most likely remain significantly above 2 % in the coming months and moderate only gradually later in the year .
Glede gibanj v prihodnosti Svet ECB pričakuje , da bo obdobje razmeroma visokih stopenj inflacije trajalo dlje , kot je bilo pričakovano pred nekaj meseci . Inflacija po HICP bo v prihodnjih mesecih najverjetneje ostala precej nad 2 % in se bo tekom leta le postopno umirjala .
The March 2008 ECB staff macroeconomic projections foresee annual HICP inflation of between 2.6% and 3.2% in 2008 , and between 1.5% and 2.7% in 2009 .
Po marčnih makroekonomskih projekcijah strokovnjakov ECB bo medletna inflacija , merjena z indeksom HICP , leta 2008 znašala med 2,6% in 3,2% , leta 2009 pa med 1,5% in 2,7% .
Compared with the December 2007 Eurosystem staff macroeconomic projections , the projected ranges for HICP inflation have shifted upwards , mainly reflecting significant additional increases in food and energy prices .
V primerjavi z decembrskimi makroekonomskimi projekcijami strokovnjakov Eurosistema so bili napovedani razponi inflacije po HICP popravljeni navzgor , predvsem zaradi precejšnjih dodatnih podražitev hrane in energentov .
It is important to recall that these staff projections are based on a number of assumptions which are of a purely technical nature and unrelated to policy intentions .
Ob tem je treba poudariti , da projekcije temeljijo na vrsti predpostavk , ki so povsem tehnične narave in niso povezane z namerami politike .
In particular , the technical assumptions for short-term interest rates are taken from market expectations as at mid-February .
Predvsem je pomembno , da so tehnične predpostavke o kratkoročnih obrestnih merah vzete iz tržnih pričakovanj , ki so prevladovala sredi februarja .
Moreover , it should be noted that the projections are based on the assumptions that the recent dynamism in commodity prices will diminish over the projection horizon , in line with futures prices , and that pressure from labour costs and profit margins will be limited .
Nadalje projekcije temeljijo tudi na predpostavki , da se nedavna dinamika cen surovin v obdobju projekcij ne bo umirila , kot kažejo cene terminskih pogodb , ter da bo pritisk stroškov dela in profitnih marž omejen .
In the view of the Governing Council , the risks to the outlook for inflation over the medium term are on the upside .
Po mnenju Sveta ECB so tveganja , povezana z inflacijskimi obeti v srednjeročnem obdobju , na strani naraščanja inflacije .
These risks include further rises in oil and agricultural prices , continuing the strong upward trend observed in recent months .
Njihov glavni vir je možna nadaljnja rast cen nafte in kmetijskih izdelkov , ki nadaljujejo močan trend naraščanja iz zadnjih mesecev .
Furthermore , they include the possibility that stronger than currently expected wage growth may emerge , taking into account high capacity utilisation and tight labour market conditions .
Tveganja vključujejo tudi možnost , da bodo zaradi visoke izkoriščenosti zmogljivosti in zaostrenih razmer na trgu dela plače naraščale hitreje , kot je pričakovano .
Moreover , the pricing power of firms , notably in market segments with low competition , could be stronger than expected .
Sedanja pričakovanja utegne preseči tudi moč podjetij pri oblikovanju cen , zlasti v tržnih segmentih z manjšo konkurenco .
Increases in administered prices and indirect taxes beyond those foreseen thus far also pose upside risks to the inflation outlook .
Nadaljnja tveganja za rast inflacije izhajajo tudi iz morebitnih doslej nepričakovanih povečanj nadzorovanih cen in posrednih davkov .
At this juncture , it is imperative that all parties concerned meet their responsibilities and that second-round effects on price-setting , on the one hand , and on wages , on the other hand , stemming from current inflation rates be avoided .
V sedanjih razmerah je zato nujno , da vse strani ravnajo odgovorno ter da se preprečijo sekundarni učinki na oblikovanje cen in plač , ki izhajajo iz sedanje stopnje inflacije .
In the view of the Governing Council , this is of key importance in order to preserve price stability in the medium term and thereby the purchasing power of all euro area citizens .
Po mnenju Sveta ECB je to ključnega pomena za ohranitev cenovne stabilnosti v srednjeročnem obdobju in s tem kupne moči vseh državljanov euroobmočja .
The monetary analysis confirms the prevailing upside risks to price stability at medium to longer-term horizons . Annual M3 growth remained very vigorous at 11.5% in January , supported by the continued strong growth of MFI loans to the private sector .
Denarna analiza potrjuje , da srednjeročno in dolgoročneje prevladujejo navzgor usmerjena tveganja za stabilnost cen . Medletna rast agregata M3 je januarja ob podpori nadaljnje hitre rasti posojil MFI zasebnemu sektorju ostala živahna na ravni 11,5% .
A number of temporary factors suggest that M3 growth currently overstates the pace of the underlying monetary expansion .
Več začasnih dejavnikov kaže , da rast agregata M3 trenutno prehiteva stopnjo osnovne denarne ekspanzije .
The relatively flat yield curve in particular has made holding monetary assets more attractive .
Predvsem postajajo zaradi razmeroma položne krivulje donosnosti bolj privlačna denarna sredstva .
However , even after taking such effects into account , a broad-based assessment of the latest data confirms that the underlying rate of money and credit growth remains strong .
Vseeno celo ob upoštevanju teh dejavnikov širša ocena najnovejših podatkov potrjuje , da osnovna stopnja rasti denarja ostaja visoka .
Bank borrowing by euro area non-financial corporations grew at an annual rate of 14.6% in the year to January 2008 .
Zadolževanje nefinančnih družb v euroobmočju pri bankah je v letu do januarja 2008 raslo po medletni stopnji 14,6% .
Overall , bank loans to the domestic private sector have grown at around 11 % on an annual basis for the past two years .
Skupno bančna posojila domačemu zasebnemu sektorju v zadnjih dveh letih beležijo približno 11-odstotno rast na medletni ravni .
For the time being , there is little evidence that the financial market turbulence since early August 2007 strongly influenced the overall dynamics of broad money and credit aggregates up to January 2008 .
Zaenkrat ni veliko znakov , da bi v obdobju do januarja 2008 nemirna dogajanja na finančnih trgih , ki trajajo od začetka avgusta lani , močneje vplivala na dinamiko agregatov širokega denarja in kreditov .
In addition , according to the available data , the turmoil has not led to substantial portfolio shifts into monetary assets , as were observed between 2001 and 2003 .
Poleg tega sodeč po razpoložljivih podatkih pretresi niso povzročili večjih portfeljskih premikov v denarna sredstva , kot se je zgodilo med letoma 2001 in 2003 .
Notwithstanding the tightening of credit standards reported in the bank lending survey for the euro area , continued strong loan growth to non-financial corporations suggests that the supply of bank credit to firms in the euro area has not been significantly impaired by the financial turmoil thus far .
Kljub zaostrovanju kreditnih standardov , o katerem banke poročajo v anketi o bančnih posojilih za euroobmočje , je iz nadaljnje visoke rasti posojil nefinančnim družbam mogoče sklepati , da finančni pretresi doslej niso občutno prizadeli ponudbe bančnih kreditov podjetjem v euroobmočju .
To sum up , a cross-check of the outcome of the economic analysis with that of the monetary analysis fully confirms the assessment that there are upside risks to price stability over the medium term , in a context of very vigorous money and credit growth . The economic fundamentals of the euro area are sound .
Če povzamemo , navzkrižna primerjava rezultatov ekonomske in denarne analize v celoti potrjuje oceno , da v srednjeročnem obdobju obstajajo navzgor usmerjena tveganja za stabilnost cen , saj je rast denarja in kreditov v euroobmočju zelo živahna , gospodarski temelji euroobmočja pa so trdni .
Incoming macroeconomic data point to moderating but ongoing real GDP growth .
Zadnji makroekonomski podatki kažejo , da se realna rast BDP sicer umirja , vendar se še vedno nadaljuje .
The Governing Council emphasises that the firm anchoring of medium to longer-term inflation expectations is of the highest priority .
Svet ECB poudarja , da je trdno zasidranje srednjeročnih do dolgoročnejših inflacijskih pričakovanj najpomembnejša prednostna naloga Sveta ECB .