natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
B OX E S Box 1 Box 2 Box 3 Box 4 Box 5 Box 6 Box 7 Box 8 Box 9 Box 10 Box 11 Box 12 Box 13 Box 14 Box 15 Box 16 The road to the euro Overview of the preparatory work carried out by the EMI Irrevocably fixed euro conversion rates Chronology of European integration The Community framework for fiscal policies Conditions necessary for the adoption of the euro The benefits of price stability Members of the Governing Council ( 1 June 1998 to 1 July 2004 ) The transmission mechanism of monetary policy Why maintain a low positive rate of inflation ?
OKVIRI Okvir 1 Okvir 2 Okvir 3 Okvir 4 Okvir 5 Okvir 6 Okvir 7 Okvir 8 Okvir 9 Okvir 10 Okvir 11 Okvir 12 Okvir 13 Okvir 14 Okvir 15 Okvir 16 Pot do eura Pregled pripravljalnih del , ki jih je opravil EMI Nepreklicno določena menjalna razmerja Kronologija evropskega povezovanja Fiskalni okvir Skupnosti Pogoji za uvedbo eura Prednosti cenovne stabilnosti Člani Sveta ECB ( od 1 . junija 1998 do 1 .
The two pillars of the ECB 's monetary policy strategy Open market operations and standing facilities Minimum reserve requirements Joint Statement on Gold ( 8 March 2004 ) From design to circulation : preparing the euro banknotes and coins Key for subscription to the ECB 's capital 16 23 26 27 33 35 46 58 78 82 84 87 90 97 104 114
Dva stebra strategije denarne politike ECB Operacije odprtega trga in odprte ponudbe Obvezne rezerve Skupna izjava o zlatu ( 8 . marec 2004 ) Od oblikovanja do obtoka : priprava eurobankovcev in eurokovancev Ključ za vpis kapitala ECB 16 23 26 27 32 34 46 57 76 80 82 85 87 94 101 111
TABLES Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 The two-group rotation system ( first stage ) -- voting frequencies of governors in each group The three-group rotation system ( second stage ) -- voting frequencies of governors in each group Eurosystem monetary policy operations Capital key of the ECB (%) 55 56 86 115
TABELE Tabela 1 Tabela 2 Tabela 3 Tabela 4 Sistem rotacije dveh skupin ( prva faza ) -- pogostost glasovanja guvernerjev v vsaki skupini Sistem rotacije treh skupin ( druga faza ) -- pogostost glasovanja guvernerjev v vsaki skupini Operacije denarne politike Eurosistema Kapitalski ključ ECB (%) 54 55 84 112
CHARTS Chart 1 The ESCB and the Eurosystem Chart 2 The stability-oriented monetary policy strategy of the ECB Chart 3 The organisational structure of the ECB 41 83 159 DIAGRAMS Diagram 1 The three-group rotation system for the ECB Governing Council ( scenario for a euro area of 27 Member States ) 57
SLIKE Slika 1 Slika 2 Slika 3 DIAGRAMI Diagram 1 Sistem rotacije treh skupin v Svetu ECB ( scenarij za euroobmočje s 27 državami članicami ) 56 ESCB in Eurosistem Stabilnostna usmeritev strategije denarne politike ECB Organizacijska struktura ECB 41 81 153
ILLUSTRATIONS 1 2 3 4 The Treaty on European Union ( Maastricht Treaty ) with the Statute of the ESCB and of the ECB , signed on 7 February 1992 1 4 Governing Council meeting at the ECB in November 2006 40 Illuminated euro symbol in front of the Eurotower 76 Jean-Claude Trichet , President of the ECB , during a hearing at the European Parliament in September 2005 122
Pogodba o Evropski uniji ( Maastrichtska pogodba ) s Statutom ESCB in ECB , podpisana 7 . februarja 1992 Seja Sveta ECB v prostorih Evropske centralne banke novembra 2006 Osvetljeni simbol eura pred Eurostolpnico ( Eurotower ) Jean-Claude Trichet , predsednik ECB , med zaslišanjem v Evropskem parlamentu septembra 2005 14 40 74 118
Jean-Claude Trichet with the G7 finance ministers and central bank governors at the Annual Meeting of the International Monetary Fund in Singapore in September 2006 The Eurotower , the ECB 's headquarters in Frankfurt am Main Model of the ECB 's future headquarters 142 154 163
Jean-Claude Trichet s finančnimi ministri držav G7 in guvernerji centralnih bank na letni skupščini Mednarodnega denarnega sklada v Singapurju septembra 2006 Eurostolpnica ( Eurotower ) , sedež ECB v Frankfurtu na Majni Model bodoče stavbe ECB
A B B R E V I AT I O N S A N D A C RO N Y M S BEPG BIS BSC CESR CMFB EBA EBC EC ECB ECJ ECOFIN ECU EEC EFC EMCF EMI EMS EMU EPC ERM ESCB EU GDP HICP IMF MFI NCB OECD OJ OLAF RTGS SGP SSS TARGET Broad Economic Policy Guideline Bank for International Settlements Banking Supervision Committee Committee of European Securities Regulators Committee on Monetary , Financial and Balance of Payments Statistics Euro Banking Association European Banking Committee European Community European Central Bank European Court of Justice Economics and Finance ( Ministers ) European Currency Unit European Economic Community Economic and Financial Committee European Monetary Cooperation Fund European Monetary Institute European Monetary System Economic and Monetary Union Economic Policy Committee exchange rate mechanism European System of Central Banks European Union gross domestic product Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices International Monetary Fund monetary financial institution national central bank Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Official Journal of the European Union European Anti-Fraud Office Real-time gross settlement Stability and Growth Pact Securities settlement system Trans-European Automated Real-time Gross settlement Express Transfer system
OKRAJ · AVE IN KRATICE BDP BIS BPRČ BSC CESR CMFB bruto domači proizvod Banka za mednarodne poravnave ( Bank for International Settlements ) bruto poravnava v realnem času Odbor za bančni nadzor ( Banking Supervision Committee ) Odbor evropskih zakonodajalcev za vrednostne papirje ( Committee of European Securities Regulators ) Odbor za monetarno , finančno in plačilnobilančno statistiko ( Committee on Monetary , Financial and Balance of Payments Statistics ) Bančno združenje za euro ( Euro Banking Association ) Evropski odbor za bančništvo ( European Banking Committee ) Evropska centralna banka Ekonomsko-finančni svet ( Economics and Finance Ministers ) evropska denarna enota ( European Currency Unit ) Ekonomsko-finančni odbor ( Economic and Financial Committee ) Evropska gospodarska skupnost Evropski monetarni inštitut evropski monetarni sistem ekonomska in monetarna unija Odbor za ekonomsko politiko ( Economic Policy Committee ) mehanizem deviznih tečajev ( exchange rate mechanism ) Evropska skupnost Evropski sistem centralnih bank Evropski sklad za monetarno sodelovanje Evropska skupnost za premog in jeklo Evropska unija harmonizirani indeks cen življenjskih potrebščin ( Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices ) Mednarodni denarni sklad monetarna finančna institucija nacionalna centralna banka Organizacija za gospodarsko sodelovanje in razvoj ( Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ) Evropski urad za boj proti goljufijam ( European Anti-Fraud Office ) transevropski sistem bruto poravnave v realnem času ( Trans-European Automated Real-time Gross settlement Express Transfer system ) Uradni list Evropske unije EBA EBC ECB ECOFIN ECU EFC EGS EMI EMS EMU EPC ERM ES ESCB ESMS ESPJ EU HICP MDS MFI NCB OECD OLAF TARGET
F O R E WO R D The ECB is fully committed to the principles of openness and transparency , and it honours this commitment in particular with a large volume of publications that explain its aims and activities .
PREDGOVOR Evropska centralna banka je v celoti zavezana odprtosti in preglednosti , to zavezo pa izpolnjuje zlasti z velikim številom publikacij , v katerih pojasnjuje svoje cilje in dejavnosti .
In addition to the frequent and extensive publications on current developments within its field of competence , the ECB publishes Working Papers and Occasional Papers on specific topics .
Poleg rednih in obsežnih publikacij o aktualnih dogajanjih s področja svoje pristojnosti objavlja tudi delovne in občasne zvezke o posebnih temah ( Working Papers in Occasional Papers ) .
It therefore devotes a significant share of its resources to communication with the world of banking , market participants , academia and the general public .
Znaten del svojih virov tako namenja komuniciranju s svetom bančništva , trgi , akademskim svetom in javnostjo .
The ECB also publishes comprehensive monographs on its role and activities .
Poleg tega objavlja tudi obsežne monografije o svoji vlogi in dejavnostih .
The first publication in this series was entitled « The Monetary Policy of the ECB » , the second edition of which was published in early 2004 .
Prva knjiga iz te serije obravnava denarno politiko ECB ( The Monetary Policy of the ECB ) in je bila ponatisnjena na začetku leta 2004 .
The present book focuses on the history , role and function of the ECB itself , approaching the organisation from the legal , institutional and organisational points of view .
Pričujoča knjiga pa se ukvarja z zgodovino , vlogo in nalogami ECB s pravnega , institucionalnega in organizacijskega vidika .
It describes the processes that led to the establishment of the ECB and the introduction of the euro , the role and the functions that are performed by the ECB as captain of the European monetary team , namely the Eurosystem , and the multiple aspects of its status as a supranational organisation established under Community law .
Opisuje procese , ki so privedli do ustanovitve ECB in uvedbe eura , kot tudi vlogo in naloge , ki jih ima ECB na čelu evropskega denarnega sistema , tj . Eurosistema , ter različne vidike njenega statusa kot nadnacionalne organizacije , ustanovljene v skladu z zakonodajo Skupnosti .
All these elements form the background to the ECB 's and the Eurosystem 's policies and activities and it is our hope that the fuller knowledge provided by this book will lead to an even better understanding of the ECB 's objectives and aims .
Vsi ti elementi predstavljajo izhodišča za politike in dejavnosti ECB in Eurosistema , zato upamo , da bo izčrpno znanje , ki je zajeto v tej knjigi , še izboljšalo razumevanje ciljev ECB .
At the same time , the book illustrates the important role of national central banks ( NCBs ) within the Eurosystem under the leadership of the ECB .
Knjiga hkrati prikazuje tudi pomembno vlogo , ki jo v Eurosistemu pod vodstvom ECB igrajo nacionalne centralne banke .
Joint action by the ECB and the NCBs and close intra-system cooperation account for the proper discharge of the Eurosystem 's mandate .
Prav skupno delovanje ECB in nacionalnih centralnih bank ter njihovo tesno medsebojno sodelovanje Eurosistemu omogoča , da uspešno opravlja svoj mandat .
The NCBs have had dozens of years to evolve , at least half a century and in some cases two centuries .
Nacionalne centralne banke so imele za svoj razvoj na razpolago več desetletij -- najmanj pol stoletja , nekatere celo dve stoletji .
In comparison , the ECB was developed in « fast motion » mode .
V primerjavi z njimi je bil razvoj ECB » pospešen «.
Ten years ago the European Monetary Institute ( EMI ) , the forerunner of the ECB , started to prepare , together with the NCBs of the European Union , the future European central banking system and its leader , the ECB .
Pred desetimi leti je Evropski monetarni inštitut ( EMI ) , predhodnik ECB , skupaj z nacionalnimi centralnimi bankami držav članic Evropske unije začel priprave za bodoči evropski centralnobančni sistem in njegovo vodilno institucijo , ECB .
Only five years later , the ECB , as the captain of the Eurosystem team , took over responsibility for the single monetary policy of the euro area , i.e. for one of the world 's two most important currencies .
Samo pet let pozneje je odgovornost za enotno denarno politiko euroobmočja in s tem za eno od dveh najpomembnejših valut na svetu že prevzela ECB , ki stoji na čelu Eurosistema .
The start of Stage Three of Economic and Monetary Union ( EMU ) in 1999 , however , did not mark the end of the ECB 's development .
Z začetkom tretje faze ekonomske in monetarne unije ( EMU ) leta 1999 pa razvoja ECB še ni bilo konec .
Many issues still needed to be settled -- in particular , the euro cash changeover in 2002 -- before the move towards EMU could be completed ; and the ECB had to develop as an organisation itself .
Da bi ekonomska in monetarna unija lahko zaživela , je bilo namreč treba urediti še veliko zadev -- zlasti leta 2002 zamenjati gotovino v eure --, poleg tega pa se je morala tudi ECB še razviti kot organizacija .
The introduction of the euro has meant a big change for everyone in the euro area .
Uvedba eura je bila velika sprememba za vse v euroobmočju .
It is also expected to arouse the demand of a large audience for information on the organisation that is responsible for the stability of the euro .
Pri širši javnosti je vzbudila tudi zanimanje za organizacijo , ki je odgovorna za njegovo stabilnost .
As the ECB operates in a highly complex environment , it is all the more important to provide a « guide » and meet the demands of the ECB 's multinational audience for information . It is for this reason that the Executive Board commissioned this book from an expert on these issues who , since the beginning of the 1990s , has
Ker ECB deluje v zelo kompleksnem okolju , je toliko pomembneje , da mednarodni javnosti ponudi „vodič » in tako zadosti temu zanimanju . Izvršilni odbor ECB je zato zaupal pripravo te knjige strokovnjaku , ki je vse od začetka devetdesetih let igral pomembno vlogo pri pripravah ekonomske in monetarne unije ter ustanovitvi in razvoju ECB .
played a prominent role in the preparation of EMU and the establishment and development of the ECB . This book is addressed to anyone who wishes to have a greater in-depth understanding of all legal , institutional and organisational aspects of the ECB .
Knjiga je namenjena vsem , ki želijo izboljšati svoje poznavanje pravnih , institucionalnih in organizacijskih vidikov ECB .
EU enlargement has further broadened this audience , and the ECB expects that the demand for information will increase accordingly .
Evropska centralna banka pričakuje , da se bo njihovo število s širitvijo EU še povečalo .
At this point I should mention that the governors of the NCBs of the new EU Member States have been members of the ECB 's General Council since 1 May 2004 and that , since the same date , these NCBs have been full members of the European System of Central Banks ( ESCB ) .
Na tem mestu moram omeniti , da so od 1 . maja 2004 nacionalne centralne banke novih držav članic polnopravne članice Evropskega sistema centralnih bank ( ESCB ) , njihovi guvernerji pa člani Razširjenega sveta ECB .
The eventual adoption of the single currency , after due convergence , is a clear prospect for all of the countries concerned , and all have committed themselves to respect the terms of the Maastricht Treaty without reservation .
Vse te države imajo pred seboj jasen cilj , da po konvergenčnem procesu uvedejo enotno valuto , saj so se vse brez izjeme zavezale , da bodo brez pridržka spoštovale določila Maastrichtske pogodbe .
The ECB , which has warmly welcomed the enlargement process , will help to prepare the convergence process with the greatest of care in close cooperation with the NCBs concerned .
ECB , ki toplo pozdravlja proces širitve , bo z največjo skrbnostjo in v tesnem sodelovanju z zadevnimi nacionalnimi centralnimi bankami pomagala pri pripravi konvergenčnega procesa .
I am sure that this book will provide useful information to all those who are interested in the work of the ECB
Prepričan sem , da bodo vsi , ki jih zanima delo ECB , v tej knjigi našli koristne informacije .
Jean-Claude Trichet President of the ECB
Jean-Claude Trichet Predsednik ECB
A C K N OW L E D G E M E N T S Heavy demand for the first edition of my book has depleted the ECB 's stock of copies and so it has been decided to print a second edition .
ZAHVALA Zaradi velikega povpraševanja so zaloge prve izdaje moje knjige kmalu pošle , zato se je ECB odločila za ponatis .
This has provided me with the opportunity to update the text to reflect new developments both within the Eurosystem and in the external environment .
To mi je dalo priložnost , da besedilo posodobim v skladu z nedavnimi dogodki tako v Eurosistemu kot zunaj njega .
In completing this task , I have continued to benefit from the most valuable assistance of my colleagues at the ECB , in particular from the ECB 's Linguistic Services Division and the Official Publications and Library Division .
Pri tem so mi še naprej nudili dragoceno pomoč moji kolegi iz ECB , zlasti iz oddelka za jezikovne storitve ter oddelka za uradne publikacije in knjižnico .
Hanspeter K. Scheller Frankfurt am Main , September 2006 .
Hanspeter K. Scheller Frankfurt na Majni , september 2006 .
I N T RO D U C T I O N Central banking in Europe always used to be tantamount to issuing and managing national currencies : a national currency became an indispensable ingredient of national sovereignty ;
UVOD Centralno bančništvo v Evropi je bilo vedno sinonim za izdajanje nacionalnih valut in upravljanje z njimi : nacionalna valuta je postala nepogrešljiva sestavina državne suverenosti ;
national banknotes , which occupied an increasingly important role in the circulation of money and eventually replaced par-value gold and silver coins as legal tender , communicated national cultures and symbols .
nacionalni bankovci , ki so imeli v kroženju denarja vse pomembnejšo vlogo in so končno povsem zamenjali zlatnike in srebrnike kot zakonito plačilno sredstvo , pa so bili izraz nacionalne kulture in simbolov .
Concurrently with the increasing role of banknotes as a means of payment in modern economic life , their issuers , the central banks , grew in importance and the conduct of monetary policy became an essential part of a nation 's economic politics .
Hkrati z vse večjim pomenom bankovcev kot plačilnega sredstva v modernem gospodarskem življenju je rasel tudi pomen centralnih bank kot izdajateljic , vodenje denarne politike pa je postalo nepogrešljiv del nacionalnih ekonomskih politik .
Against this historical background , the realisation of European Economic and Monetary Union ( EMU ) at the end of the 20th century was unique in that it introduced a new monetary regime with a single currency for a large part of Europe .
Glede na takšen zgodovinski razvoj je bila uresničitev evropske ekonomske in monetarne unije ( EMU ) konec 20 . stoletja edinstvena , saj je v večji del Evrope prinesla nov denarni režim z enotno valuto .
The 12 Member States of the EU that have so far adopted the euro represent two-thirds of the EU 's total population and the extension of the euro area to other EU Member States is expected in due course .
Dvanajst držav članic , ki so euro že uvedle , predstavlja dve tretjini celotnega prebivalstva EU , euroobmočje pa naj bi se sčasoma razširilo še na druge države članice .
The transfer of monetary policy to the Community level has required substantial changes to the European central banking framework .
Prenos denarne politike na raven Skupnosti je zahteval precejšnje spremembe evropskega centralnobančnega okvira .
The establishment of a new supranational monetary organisation , the ECB , and the integration of NCBs into a European central banking system , the ESCB , and its sub-set , the Eurosystem , are representative of the supranationalisation of European central banking .
Ustanovitev nove nadnacionalne denarne institucije ( ECB ) ter vključevanje nacionalnih centralnih bank v Evropski sistem centralnih bank ( ESCB ) in njegov podsistem ( Eurosistem ) so značilen primer nadnacionalnosti evropskega centralnobančnega sistema .
To date , no other policy area of the European Community has reached the same depth of integration as the single monetary and exchange rate policy .
Vse do danes nobena druga politika Evropske skupnosti ni dosegla takšne globine povezanosti kot prav enotna denarna in tečajna politika .
Nowhere else has the Community developed its own identity more convincingly than in the euro and the ECB .
Skupnost na nobenem drugem področju ni razvila svoje lastne identitete bolj prepričljivo kot prav na področju eura in ECB .
The ECB is also the embodiment of modern central banking : the overriding objective of its monetary policy is price stability ; it is independent within a clear and precise mandate ;
ECB je tudi utelešenje modernega centralnega bančništva : za najpomembnejši cilj svoje denarne politike si je postavila cenovno stabilnost , poleg tega je neodvisna v okviru svojega jasno opredeljenega mandata ter za njegovo opravljanje polno odgovorna državljanom in njihovim izvoljenim predstavnikom .
and it is fully accountable to the citizens and their elected representatives for the execution of this mandate . These features are not necessarily the result of purely European developments ;
Te lastnosti niso zgolj posledica evropskega razvoja dogodkov , pač pa so v skladu s svetovnimi trendi .
they are in line with the worldwide trend . However , almost nowhere are these features spelled out so clearly and firmly than in the organic law of the ECB , the Statute of the ESCB and of the ECB .
Vendar je res , da skoraj nikjer drugje niso tako jasno in odločno izražene kot prav v sistemskem zakonu ECB , tj . Statutu ESCB in ECB .
Their embodiment in the EC Treaty , with quasi-constitutional status , underlines their importance in the new monetary regime of Europe .
Njegova vključitev v Pogodbo ES , s skoraj ustavnim statusom , še poudarja pomembnost tega pravnega akta v novem evropskem denarnem režimu .
The codification of central bank law in the EC Treaty and the Statute of the ESCB is likely to serve as a benchmark for central bank law outside the EU : Switzerland , for example , has recently revised its National Bank Act along the lines of the Statute of the ESCB .
Kodifikacija centralnobančne zakonodaje v Pogodbi ES in Statutu ESCB bi prav lahko postala merilo za države zunaj EU : Švica na primer je nedavno že spremenila svoj zakon o centralni banki in se pri tem zgledovala po Statutu ESCB .
This book is designed to introduce the reader to the history , role and functions of the ECB within the framework of EMU .
Namen te knjige je , da bralcu predstavi zgodovino , vlogo in naloge ECB v okviru ekonomske in monetarne unije .
It is divided into six chapters dealing with the different aspects of the ECB as a policy-maker , as an organisation of Community law and as the core and leader of the Eurosystem .
Razdeljena je na šest poglavij , ki obravnavajo ECB z različnih vidikov , in sicer kot oblikovalko politike , kot organizacijo zakonodaje Skupnosti ter kot jedro in vodjo Eurosistema .
Chapter 1 gives a brief overview of the establishment of EMU and the ECB and the changeover to the euro .
12 Poglavje 1 podaja pregled ustanavljanja ekonomske in monetarne unije in ECB ter prehoda na euro .
It also puts the ECB in the context of the objectives and arrangements of EMU under the umbrella of the EU .
Hkrati umešča ECB v kontekst ciljev in predpisov ekonomske in monetarne unije ter v krovni kontekst EU .
Chapter 2 focuses on the legal , institutional and organisational aspects of European central banking which resulted from the realisation of EMU .
Poglavje 2 obravnava pravni , institucionalni in organizacijski vidik evropskega centralnega bančništva , kot izhaja iz uresničitve ekonomske in monetarne unije .
Chapter 3 describes ECB policies and their implementation by Eurosystem activities , as well as the intra-Eurosystem financial relationships .
Poglavje 3 opisuje politike ECB in njihovo uresničevanje prek dejavnosti Eurosistema , pa tudi finančne odnose znotraj Eurosistema .
Chapter 4 gives an overview of the ECB 's status and role in the institutional context of the European Community .
Poglavje 4 podaja pregled statusa in vloge ECB v institucionalnem kontekstu Evropske skupnosti .
Although the ECB is independent vis-à-vis the Community institutions and bodies , it is a part of the European Community 's institutional and political framework and is subject to Community law .
Ne glede na svojo neodvisnost od institucij in organov Skupnosti je ECB namreč tudi del institucionalnega in političnega okvira Skupnosti , zaradi česar zanjo velja zakonodaja Skupnosti .