natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
This was because the production of euro banknotes was more demanding than for any national currency on account of the large number of printing works , the many raw material suppliers and the variety of equipment , techniques and processes used by those printing works .
Ta je bil potreben zato , ker je bila zaradi velikega števila sodelujočih tiskarn , množice dobaviteljev ter razlik v opremi , tehnikah in postopkih izdelava eurobankovcev bolj zahtevna od izdelave katere koli nacionalne valute .
it meant that « Quality Control for the Acceptance of the Euro Banknotes » had to be defined , i.e. detailed procedures for supervising production at the printing works .
Za ustrezno kakovost proizvodnje je bilo zato treba najprej opredeliti » nadzor kakovosti za sprejetje eurobankovcev « oziroma določiti podrobne postopke za nadzor proizvodnje v tiskarnah .
These procedures were implemented by each printing plant and were based on international standards for quality management and for the statistical inspection of production batches .
Ti postopki , ki so jih uvedle vse sodelujoče tiskarne , so temeljili na mednarodnih standardih za upravljanje kakovosti in za statistični pregled proizvodnih serij .
In this way , the banknotes that did not comply with the specifications for each of the selected parameters could be identified .
Z njimi je bilo mogoče odkriti bankovce , ki niso ustrezali specifikacijam za vsakega od izbranih parametrov .
The quality management system was then documented in detail based on these ISO standards ( the International Organization for Standardization ) .
Sistem za nadzor kakovosti je bil na osnovi standardov ISO nato podrobno dokumentiran .
All manufacturers were required to prepare their own individual quality manuals in such a way as to meet the basic requirements .
Vsak proizvajalec je moral v skladu z osnovnimi zahtevami pripraviti tudi lasten poslovnik kakovosti .
Thus , the quality manuals covered not only the final products but also the acceptance procedure for each production stage .
Tako ni pokrival le končnih izdelkov , ampak tudi postopek sprejetja za vsako stopnjo proizvodnega procesa .
A reporting structure for the statistical inspections was established between the printing works and the NCBs and the ECB .
Med tiskarnami ter nacionalnimi centralnimi bankami in ECB je bila vzpostavljena poročevalska struktura za statistične preglede .
In addition , to ensure consistency for the different steps of production , the ECB assessed the visual appearance of the first production sheets -- known as control sheets -- at the start of the print run of each denomination and for each printing works , compared them with the reference banknote sheets and eventually approved them .
Da ne bi prišlo do nihanj v kakovosti med različnimi stopnjami proizvodnje , so na začetku tiskanja vsakega apoena in za vsako tiskarno strokovnjaki ECB najprej vizualno ocenili prve proizvodne pole ( kontrolne pole ) , jih primerjali z referenčnimi bankovci in šele nato odobrili .
Once the production standards were accepted , a « ready for printing » decision was issued .
Po odobritvi proizvodnih standardov je bila končno sprejeta odločitev , da se tiskanje pravih bankovcev lahko prične .
This procedure is still followed in current production runs .
Enak postopek se uporablja tudi v sedanjih proizvodnih serijah bankovcev .
Legal and security issues with suppliers Around 40 companies were involved in the production of the banknotes , including suppliers of high-security raw materials , such as banknote paper , special printing inks and hologram patches and stripes .
PRAVNA IN VARNOSTNA VPRAŠANJA Z DOBAVITELJI Pri izdelavi bankovcev je sodelovalo približno 40 podjetij , med katerimi so bili tudi dobavitelji varovanih surovin , kot so papir za bankovce , posebne tiskarske barve ter srebrna folija za hologramski znak in trak .
Among other issues , patent rights and monopolistic supplies were taken into account .
Pri vseh je bilo treba upoštevati patentne pravice in obstoječe monopole na področju izdelkov in surovin .
Prior to the start of banknote production , contracts were signed which ensured that the raw materials could be used by the printing works without infringing existing patent rights .
Pred začetkom proizvodnje so bile podpisane pogodbe , ki so tiskarnam omogočile , da z uporabo surovin ne kršijo patentnih pravic .
The contractual arrangements also guaranteed continuity of delivery : where a single supplier was providing a particular feature , contingency arrangements guaranteeing supply were established and price ceilings agreed .
Pogodbe so obenem preprečevale motnje v dobavi : če je za določen element skrbel en sam dobavitelj ali izvajalec , so pogodbena določila v primeru izrednih razmer zagotavljala trajnost dobave in zgornjo dovoljeno mejo cen .
Typically , the ECB entered into master licensing and master supply agreements with the companies .
V večini primerov je ECB z dobavitelji podpisala krovno licenčno in dobavno pogodbo , na tej osnovi pa so potem nacionalne centralne banke sestavile svoje pogodbe z dobavitelji .
The NCBs based their individual delivery contracts on these framework agreements . As the design of the euro banknotes progressed and the security features were selected , practical measures to protect the detailed design information from premature disclosure and the security features from loss or theft had to be considered .
Ko je oblikovanje eurobankovcev napredovalo in so bili zaščitni elementi izbrani , je bilo treba uvesti tudi praktične ukrepe za zaščito posameznih elementov oblikovne podobe pred prezgodnjim razkritjem ter za varstvo zaščitnih elementov pred izgubo ali krajo .
Any disclosure of information or loss or theft of the security features would give criminals an opportunity to produce counterfeit euro banknotes before the public had become familiar with them , thus undermining confidence in the new currency .
Vsakršno razkritje informacij oziroma izguba ali kraja zaščitnih elementov bi ponarejevalcem omogočila , da izdelajo ponaredke , še preden bi se z eurobankovci lahko dodobra seznanili zakoniti uporabniki , to pa bi seveda omajalo zaupanje javnosti v novo valuto .
Practical security measures were taken to protect both the information and the features during development , production and transport . They reflected the best security practices used by the NCBs to protect their own currencies .
Praktični varnostni ukrepi , ki so bili sprejeti za varstvo informacij in zaščitnih elementov v času razvoja , izdelave in transporta , so temeljili na dobrih varnostnih praksah , ki so jih nacionalne centralne banke dotlej uporabljale za zaščito nacionalnih valut .
The measures had to take account of the risks arising in each country as a result of the introduction of a common currency .
Pri ukrepih je bilo treba preprečiti tveganja , ki bi se z uvedbo skupne valute lahko pojavila v vsaki od sodelujočih držav .
To put it simply , criminals , like the euro , do not recognise national borders .
Z drugimi besedami , treba je bilo upoštevati dejstvo , da tako kot euro tudi zločinci ne priznavajo nacionalnih meja .
A system of inspections was developed to ensure that all manufacturers of the security features of the banknotes had physical security measures and internal process controls that complied with these security requirements .
Vzpostavljen je bil tudi sistem inšpekcijskih pregledov , ki je zagotavljal , da vsi proizvajalci zaščitnih elementov bankovcev izvajajo ukrepe fizičnega varovanja in vzdržujejo notranje nadzorne mehanizme , ki so usklajeni s sprejetimi varnostnimi zahtevami .
The inspections were ( and are ) repeated at regular intervals to ensure that the security measures keep pace with the changing risk environment .
Ti pregledi so potekali ( oz . še vedno potekajo ) v rednih presledkih , da so se varnostni ukrepi lahko dovolj hitro prilagajali spreminjajočemu se okolju tveganj .
Euro banknote paper is made from cotton waste from the textile industry .
Papir eurobankovcev je izdelan iz odpadnega bombaža v tekstilni industriji .
Paper-making Euro banknote paper is made of the highest quality pure cotton fibres .
IZDELAVA PAPIRJA Papir eurobankovcev je izdelan iz najkakovostnejših vlaken čistega bombaža .
This composition gives it greater physical and mechanical resistance than normal paper-based products , an essential characteristic considering that banknotes pass from hand to hand many times and are not always treated « kindly » .
Zato je fizično in mehansko bolj odporen od običajnih izdelkov iz papirja , kar je zelo pomembno , saj bankovci ves čas prehajajo iz rok v roke , ki z njimi niso vedno nežne .
The first step in making banknote paper is to bleach the cotton fibres with caustic soda and hydrogen peroxide in water at high pressure and high temperature .
Prvi korak pri izdelavi papirja za bankovce je beljenje bombažnih vlaken s kavstično sodo in vodikovim peroksidom v vodi pri visokem pritisku in visoki temperaturi .
For environmental reasons , chlorine is not used .
Iz okoljevarstvenih razlogov se klor ne uporablja .
After the fibres are bleached , dyes are added to the fibre pulp to obtain the specified final tint of the paper .
Ko so vlakna pobeljena , se papirni kaši dodajo barvila , ki papirju na koncu dajo izbrani odtenek .
The second step is to « refine » the fibres , which consists of cutting and « fraying » the cotton fibres to improve both the mechanical and physical properties of the final paper .
Drugi korak je » čiščenje « vlaken . V tem postopku se bombažna vlakna režejo in » meljejo «, da se izboljšajo mehanske in fizične lastnosti izdelanega papirja .
A careful balance has to be reached between fibre « shortening » and « fraying » .
Pri tem je treba doseči natančno ravnovesje med » krajšanjem « in » mletjem « vlaken .
Very short fibres will produce paper with high specific volume and good « see-through » properties together with a clear watermark , but with weak mechanical characteristics .
Iz zelo kratkih vlaken nastane papir z visokim specifičnim volumnom in dobro » prosojnostjo « ter jasnim vodnim znakom , a slabimi mehanskimi lastnostmi .
Highly frayed fibres will produce extremely strong paper but with extremely bad « see-through » properties and watermark quality .
Po drugi strani nastane iz močno nacefranih , torej daljših vlaken izjemno močan papir , ki pa ima nizko prosojnost in slabše viden vodni znak .
The third step in the process is on the paper machine .
Tretji korak v postopku je papirni stroj .
Banknote paper machines are very different to standard paper machines as they use a unique cylinder-mould process , in which the « refined » pulp is fed into a vat containing a partially submerged , wire mesh-covered mould cylinder .
Papirni stroji za bankovce se precej razlikujejo od standardnih papirnih strojev , saj uporabljajo poseben postopek s cilindričnim kalupom , v katerem se » očiščena « papirna masa uvaja v kad , v kateri je delno potopljeno žičnato sito valjaste oblike .
The cylinder rotates continuously and a fibre-mat forms over its surface as a deposit of the pulp as the water is filtered through the cylinder cover .
Valj se ves čas vrti , zato se na njegovi površini kot usedlina papirne mase nabere plast vlaknin , ko se voda filtrira skozi pokrov valja .
The fibre mat is then transferred into the main part of the paper machine .
Tako nastali trak vlaknin nato potuje v glavni del papirnega stroja .
The fibre-mat constitutes a paper web that leaves the cylinder surface with approximately 5 % of solids ( fibres and additives ) in 95 % of water .
Trak sestavlja papirna mreža , ki površino valja zapusti s približno 5 % trdnih delcev ( vlaken in dodatkov ) ter 95 % vode .
The paper web is then wet pressed , dried , sized with chemical glue , given a final drying and pressing , and then rolled up as finished paper with 5 % of water in 95 % of solids in reels weighing up to 2.5 tonnes each .
Papirna mreža potuje skozi stiskalne valje za odvodnjavanje , sledi sušenje , obdelava s kemičnim lepilom , končno sušenje in stiskanje , nato pa se dokončani papir , ki vsebuje 5 % vode in 95 % trdne snovi , navije v zvitke , od katerih vsak tehta dve in pol toni .
Different chemical additives are applied to the paper substrate during the manufacturing process to meet the demanding physical and chemical specifications for the banknotes .
Med izdelavo se papirnemu substratu dodajo različne kemične primesi , ki papirju dajo fizikalne in kemijske lastnosti , zahtevane za bankovce .
The last step in the process is to cut the paper
Zadnji korak v izdelavi papirja je rezanje dokončanega papirja v pole za tiskanje .
Euro banknote sheets are packed in « reams » ( stacks of 500 ) in the size required by the printing works , to accommodate from 24 to 60 banknotes per sheet .
60 bankovcev .
As the paperweight is 85 grams per square meter , the weight of one ream varies from 10-20 kg , depending on the actual size .
Ker je teža papirja 85 gramov na kvadratni meter , posamezen paket tehta od 10 do 24 kilogramov , odvisno od velikosti pol v paketu .
During production , quality controls of the highest standards are applied to both product and process , as banknote paper is very sophisticated .
Papir bankovcev je izjemno kakovosten , zato se pri njegovi proizvodnji izvaja strog nadzor kakovosti tako za sam izdelek kot tudi za proizvodni proces .
The latest computer-aided-manufacturing and computer-based inspection systems are used to ensure compliance with these quality standards .
Za doseganje predpisanih standardov se pri izdelavi papirja uporabljajo najsodobnejše računalniško podprte tehnologije in nadzorni sistemi .
Security is the other key characteristic of euro banknote paper .
Druga ključna značilnost papirja bankovcev je varnost .
Watermarks , security fibres , security threads and special inks are some of the security features included in the banknote paper to make the banknotes as difficult to counterfeit as possible .
Vodni znak , varnostna vlakna , varnostna nit in posebne tiskarske barve so le nekateri od zaščitnih elementov , ki se uporabljajo pri papirju bankovcev , da bi bilo te čim težje ponarediti .
Watermarks can be easily seen as ghostlike images inside the paper when a banknote is held against the light .
Vodni znak je z nekaj domišljije videti kot duh , ki ga vidimo ujetega v papirju , če bankovec pogledamo proti svetlobi .
The cylinder mould cover used for screening the fibres from the pulp has images embossed in a regular pattern that causes a variation in the deposited fibre-mat thickness .
Nastane tako , da se v papirnem stroju plast vlaknin razporeja po površini cilindričnega kalupa , na katerem so v enakomernih razmikih razporejene izbočene reliefne slike , zato v papirni masi pride do razlik v debelini natečenega sloja .
When the paper dries , the image embossed in the mould cover is reproduced in a unique way .
Ko se papir posuši , slika s površine kalupa v značilni obliki postane vidna na papirju .
The euro banknotes include two different kinds of watermark for use by the public .
Na eurobankovcih se uporabljata dve različni vrsti vodnih znakov , namenjenih splošni javnosti .
The first shows the banknote 's main motif in a three-dimensional multi-tonal image . Just below it , the second watermark indicates the banknote 's face value .
Prvi prikazuje glavni motiv bankovca v tridimenzionalni večtonski sliki , drugi , ki je nameščen tik pod njim , pa označuje nominalno vrednost bankovca .
This Cotton fibres after the bleaching process .
Ta postane jasno viden , če bankovec pogledamo proti svetlobi .
can be seen in clear characters when the banknote is held against the light .
Izdelava vodnega znaka je umetniški postopek , ki Bombažna vlakna po beljenju .
Watermark origination is an artistic process that has been enhanced by the use of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing .
ga dopolnjuje računalniško podprto oblikovanje in računalniško vodena proizvodna tehnologija .
Two other security features usually applied to the low-denomination banknote paper as part of the paper-making process are the hologram stripe and , on the reverse side , a glossy stripe .
Druga dva zaščitna elementa , ki se na papir bankovcev nižje vrednosti navadno nanašata že med postopkom izdelave papirja , sta srebrn hologramski trak na sprednji in zlatorumeni trak na hrbtni strani bankovca .
The process for applying these security features are not typical paper-making ones , but as it is more efficient to do it in a reel-to-reel machine before cutting the reels into sheets , paper-makers usually perform this task .
Nanos teh dveh zaščitnih elementov sicer ni tipičen papirniški postopek , vendar ga je lažje opraviti na stopnji , ko je papir še v zvitkih , zato se navadno opravi v papirnici .
The hologram stripe is hot-stamped onto the paper , while the glossy stripe is usually printed by silkscreen .
Hologramski trak se na papir nanese s toplotnim tiskom , zlatorumeni trak pa navadno s sitotiskom .
Cylinder mould paper machine producing a paper web .
Stroj za papir s cilindričnim kalupom , ki izdeluje papirno mrežo .
Printing Euro banknotes entail four printing techniques : offset , intaglio , silkscreen and letterpress .
TISKANJE Za tiskanje eurobankovcev se uporabljajo štiri tiskarske tehnike : ofsetni tisk , globoki tisk , sitotisk in knjigotisk .
Different types of plates or forms and special inks are used for these processes .
Pri teh postopkih se uporabljajo različne vrste plošč ali tiskovnih matric ter posebne tiskarske barve .
Printing of high-denomination banknotes usually starts with offset printing , providing the pattern for the graphic background of the banknote .
Tiskanje bankovcev višjih vrednosti se navadno začne z ofsetnim tiskom , s katerim nastane vzorec za grafično ozadje bankovca .
Offset printing is an indirect printing technique , as the inks are not directly printed from the plate onto the paper . Rather , they are first transferred from four printing plates ( each clamped to a print cylinder ) onto a rubber printing blanket .
Ofsetni tisk je posredna tiskarska tehnika , saj se tiskarska barva ne prenaša neposredno s plošče na papir , ampak se s štirih tiskarskih plošč , od katerih je vsaka vpeta na svoj tiskarski valj , najprej prenese na prevleko gumijastega valja , šele od tod pa na papir .
From there , the inks are transferred onto the paper . The special configuration of the offset machines used for euro banknote printing means that the front and back of the banknote are printed simultaneously .
Zaradi posebne nastavitve tiskarskih strojev za ofsetni tisk , ki se uporabljajo pri tiskanju eurobankovcev , se obe strani bankovca lahko tiskata istočasno .
This allows an accurate alignment of the images on the front and back and can be checked by looking at the see-through number ( the incomplete marks on both sides which combine to form the value numeral when the banknote is held against the light ) .
To omogoča natančno poravnavo slik na obeh straneh , ki jo lahko preverimo v t. i. preglednem motivu oziroma sestavljeni številki -- nepravilnih likih na obeh straneh bankovca , ki skupaj sestavijo številko vrednosti , če bankovec pogledamo proti svetlobi .
Intaglio printing -- an Italian word meaning « to cut in » -- gives banknotes their special feel .
Globoki tisk ali intaglio -- italijanska beseda , ki pomeni » vrezati « -- omogoča , da bankovce lahko prepoznamo z otipom .
The initials of the ECB in the five linguistic variants , the value numerals and the windows and gateways can be felt with the fingertip .
Otipni elementi na eurskih bankovcih so kratica ECB v petih jezikih , številka vrednosti ter okna in vrata .
These image elements are engraved into the intaglio plate , forming recesses .
Ti elementi se najprej vgravirajo v tiskarsko ploščo , v kateri tako nastanejo vdolbine .
From an original plate , which is usually made of copper , the printing plates are made by means of a galvanic bath .
Iz izvirne plošče , ki je navadno izdelana iz bakra , se v galvanski kopeli nato izdelajo tiskarske plošče .
The ink applied to the printing plate fills the engraved areas and the surface ( non-image
Tiskarska barva ob nanosu napolni vdolbine , z negraviranih površin ( deli tiskovne matrice , kjer ni slike ) pa jo čistilni valj , ki se vrti v nasprotno smer od plošče , obriše .
5 banknote paper , showing the embossed images for the watermarks . areas ) is wiped clean of ink by a counter-rotating roller .
Cilindrični kalup za izdelavo bankovcev za 5 Euros , na katerem so vidni izbočeni deli za vodni znak .
This roller is cleaned of the residual ink by solvents and a doctor blade .
Ostanek barve se z valja očisti s topili in s posebnim rezilom , imenovanim doctor blade .
During printing , the ink is transferred from the plate , which is fixed to a print cylinder , onto the paper .
Pri tiskanju se barva s plošče , ki je pritrjena na tiskovni valj , prenese na papir .
In this process , the paper is compressed into the ink-filled recesses , leading to an embossing of the paper and the creation of the ink relief on the banknote .
Pri tem papir valji pritisnejo v vdolbine , napolnjene s tiskarsko barvo , in tako v papirju nastanejo izdolbine , ki jih občutimo kot barvni relief na bankovcu .
To achieve the desired relief , very high printing pressures of around 30 tonnes are needed .
Za nastanek ustreznega reliefa je potreben zelo velik pritisk , ki znaša približno 30 ton .
After intaglio printing , another security feature is printed on the reverse side : the colour-shifting ink , which forms the value numeral on the high denominations ( for low denominations , the glossy stripe is applied using the same printing technique at the paper mill ) .
Ko je globoki tisk dokončan , se na hrbtno stran bankovcev višjih vrednosti natisne še en zaščitni element -- številka spremenljive barve ( za bankovce nižjih vrednosti se z isto tiskarsko tehniko že v papirnici nanese zlatorumen trak ) .
Both of these inks are applied by silkscreen printing , which ensures the thick ink films necessary to achieve the full optical effects of these features .
Številka spremenljive barve kot tudi zlatorumeni trak se tiskata s sitotiskom , ki ustvari dovolj debelo plast barve , da nastane potreben optični učinek .
The hologram patch is then hotstamped onto the paper ( for the low-denomination banknotes , a continuous hologram stripe is applied using a similar process ) . This process uses machinery capable of operating at speeds of 8,000 sheets an hour .
Naslednji tiskarski postopek je toplotni tisk , s katerim se na papir odtisne hologramski znak na srebrni foliji ( za bankovce nižjih vrednosti se s podobnim postopkom nanese nepretrgan hologramski trak ) .
The sheets are then numbered using a printing technique called letterpress .
Pri tem postopku se uporabljajo stroji , ki na uro obdelajo do 8000 pol papirja .
They are fed into a numbering press , where the banknote numbers are applied on the reverse side of the banknotes by two different numbering units .
S tiskarsko tehniko , imenovano knjigotisk , se pole z dokončanimi bankovci nato oštevilčijo .
After numbering , the sheets are automatically cut into banknotes and packaged .
Dve ločeni številčni enoti v številčnem tiskarskem stroju odtisneta številke na hrbtno stran bankovcev .
The sheets are cut length - and crosswise , producing packets of 100 banknotes , which are banded and stacked together in bundles of ten packets .
Ko so vsi ti tiskarski postopki končani , se pole razrežejo po dolžini in širini , s čimer nastanejo paketi po 100 bankovcev .
The bundles are then shrink-wrapped in transparent plastic film .
Te nato zvežejo in zložijo v svežnje po deset paketov ter zavijejo v prosojno plastično folijo .
The sheets and the print quality are checked at various stages during the production process .
Kakovost pol in tiska v tiskarnah preverjajo na več stopnjah v proizvodnem procesu .