natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Concentrate for solution for infusion 1 x 5 ml vial
Koncentrat za raztopino za infundiranje 1 x 5 ml viala
The type of adverse reactions observed in this population were similar to those previously seen in adults with advanced malignancies involving the bone (see section 4.8).
Vrste neželenih učinkov v tej populaciji so bile podobne tistim pri odraslih z napredovalimi malignimi boleznimi, ki zajamejo kosti (glejte poglavje 4.8).
Longer-term repeat administration at doses bracketing the highest intended human therapeutic dose of zoledronic acid produced toxicological effects in other organs, including the gastrointestinal tract, liver, spleen and lungs, and at intravenous injection sites.
Dolgoročno večkratno dajanje v odmerkih okrog največjega terapevtskega odmerka zoledronske kisline za človeka je povzročilo toksične učinke na drugih organih, vključno s prebavili, jetri, vranico in pljuči, in na mestih intravenskega injiciranja.
Patients received either 4 mg zoledronic acid or placebo every four weeks for one year.
Bolnice so eno leto na štiri tedne dobivale bodisi 4 mg zoledronske kisline bodisi placebo.
In the zoledronic acid-treated group, statistically significant improvement in pain scores (using the Brief Pain Inventory, BPI) was seen at 4 weeks and at every subsequent time point during the study, when compared to placebo (Figure 1).
V skupini, zdravljeni z zoledronsko kislino, so v primerjavi s placebom ugotovili statistično značilno izboljšanje ocene bolečin (z uporabo lestvice BPI - Brief Pain Inventory) po 4 tednih in na vseh nadaljnjih časovnih točkah med študijo (Slika 1).
The following are the important identified risks with zoledronic acid in the approved indications: Renal function impairment, osteonecrosis of the jaw, acute phase reaction, hypocalcaemia, atrial fibrillation, anaphylaxis, interstitial lung disease.
Pomembna ugotovljena tveganja med uporabo zoledronske kisline pri odobrenih indikacijah so: okvara delovanja ledvic, osteonekroza čeljustnic, reakcija akutne faze, hipokalciemija, atrijska fibrilacija, anafilaksija, intersticijska bolezen pljuč.
Interpretation of the risk of fracture is confounded by the fact that fractures are common events in patients with severe osteogenesis imperfecta as part of the disease process.
Interpretacijo tveganja za zlome otežuje dejstvo, da so pri bolnikih s hudo osteogenesis imperfecta pogosti kot del bolezenskega dogajanja.
- Urticaria.
- Koprivnica.
- Other medicines that contain zoledronic acid which are used to treat osteoporosis and other noncancer diseases of the bone, or any other bisphosphonate, since the combined effects of these medicines taken together with Zoledronic acid Actavis are unknown.
- druga zdravila, ki vsebujejo zoledronsko kislino, kakršna se uporabljajo za zdravljenje osteoporoze in drugih nerakavih bolezni kosti, ali kakšen drug difosfonat, kajti kombinirani učinki teh zdravil, uporabljenih skupaj z zdravilom Zoledronska kislina Actavis, niso znani.
Zoledronic acid Actavis 4 mg/5 ml concentrate for solution for infusion, further diluted in 100 ml (see section 6.6), should be given as a single intravenous infusion in no less than 15 minutes.
Zdravilo Zoledronska kislina Actavis 4 mg/5 ml koncentrat za raztopino za infundiranje, dodatno redčeno v 100 ml (glejte poglavje 6.6), je treba dati v enkratni intravenski infuziji, ki traja najmanj 15 minut.
Figure 1: Mean changes from baseline in BPI scores.
Slika 1: Povprečna sprememba ocene BPI od izhodišča.
The administration of doses up to 48 mg of zoledronic acid in error has been reported.
Opisana je uporaba odmerkov do 48 mg zoledronske kisline po pomoti.
Hyperkalaemia, hypernatraemia
Hiperkaliemija, hipernatremija
events (excluding hypercalcaemia and adjusted for prior fracture), divided by the total risk period.
SRE (brez hiperkalciemije in korigiranega na predhodne zlome) in celotnega obdobja tveganja.
- The other ingredients are: mannitol, sodium citrate and water for injections.
- Pomožne snovi so: manitol, natrijev citrat in voda za injekcije.
If you have pre-existing hypocalcaemia, it must be corrected before initiating the first dose of Zoledronic acid Actavis.
Če imate hipokalciemijo, jo je treba odpraviti preden prejmete prvi odmerek zdravila Zoledronska kislina Actavis.
Zoledronic acid Actavis should not be used during pregnancy.
Zdravila Zoledronska kislina Actavis se ne sme uporabljati med nosečnostjo.
- In vitro: Inhibition of osteoblast proliferation, direct cytostatic and pro-apoptotic activity on tumour cells, synergistic cytostatic effect with other anti-cancer drugs, anti-adhesion/invasion activity.
- In vitro: Zavrtje proliferacije osteoblastov, neposredno citostatično in proapoptotično delovanje na tumorske celice, sinergističen citostatični učinek z drugimi zdravili proti raku, anti adhezijsko in anti-invazivno delovanje.
- Since no data are available on the compatibility of Zoledronic acid Actavis with other intravenously administered substances, Zoledronic acid Actavis must not be mixed with other medications/substances and should always be given through a separate infusion line.
- Ker podatkov o kompatibilnosti zdravila Zoledronska kislina Actavis z drugimi intravensko uporabljanimi snovmi ni, se zdravila Zoledronska kislina Actavis ne sme mešati z drugimi zdravili/snovmi in ga je vedno treba dati z ločenim infuzijskim sistemom.
The pain score for zoledronic acid was consistently below baseline and pain reduction was accompanied by a trend in reduced analgesics score.
Z zoledronsko kislino so bile ocene bolečin ves čas pod izhodiščno vrednostjo, zmanjšanje bolečin je spremljal trend zmanjševanja na lestvici uporabe analgetikov.
Your doctor will carry out blood tests before you start treatment with Zoledronic acid Actavis and will check your response to treatment at regular intervals.
Zdravnik vam bo pred začetkom zdravljenja z zdravilom Zoledronska kislina Actavis opravil preiskave krvi in bo v rednih presledkih kontroliral vaš odziv na zdravljenje.
In patients with bone metastases presenting with mild to moderate renal impairment prior to initiation of therapy, which is defined for this population as CLcr 30-60 ml/min, the following Zoledronic acid Actavis dose is recommended (see also section 4.4):
Za bolnike z metastazami v kosteh, ki imajo pred začetkom zdravljenja blago do zmerno okvaro ledvic, ki je za to populacijo bolnikov opredeljena kot CLcr 30-60 ml/min, so priporočljivi naslednji odmerki zdravila Zoledronska kislina Actavis (glejte tudi poglavje 4.4):
Patients with TIH and evidence of deterioration in renal function should be appropriately evaluated with consideration given as to whether the potential benefit of treatment with Zoledronic acid Actavis outweighs the possible risk.
Bolnike s TIH in z znaki poslabšanja delovanja ledvic je treba ustrezno oceniti in presoditi, ali možna korist zdravljenja z zdravilom Zoledronska kislina Actavis odtehta možna tveganja.
It is an inhibitor of osteoclastic bone resorption.
Zavira osteoklastno resorpcijo kosti.
Clear and colourless concentrate for solution for infusion.
Bister in brezbarven koncentrat za raztopino za infundiranje.
The onset time is ≤ 3 days post-zoledronic acid infusion (used as indicated in sections 4.1 and 4.2), and the reaction is also referred to using the terms “flu-like” or “post-dose” symptoms.
Ti simptomi se pojavijo ≤ 3 dni po infundiranju zoledronske kisline (uporabljene, kot je navedeno v poglavjih 4.1 in 4.2); reakcijo imenujejo tudi "gripozni" simptomi ali "poodmerni" simptomi.
- If you are being treated for the prevention of bone complications due to bone metastases, you will be given one infusion of Zoledronic acid Actavis every three to four weeks.
- Če zdravilo dobivate za preprečevanje zapletov na kosteh zaradi kostnih metastaz, boste dobivali po eno infuzijo zdravila Zoledronska kislina Actavis na tri do štiri tedne.
Upon initiation of treatment in patients with bone metastases with mild to moderate renal impairment, lower doses of zoledronic acid are recommended.
Po uvedbi zdravljenja pri bolnikih z metastazami v kosteh in blago do zmerno okvaro ledvic so priporočljivi nižji odmerki zoledronske kisline.
Cases of osteonecrosis of the jaw have been reported, predominantly in cancer patients treated with medicinal products that inhibit bone resorption, such as zoledronic acid (see section 4.4).
O osteonekrozi čeljustnic so poročali predvsem pri bolnikih z rakom, zdravljenih z zdravili, ki zavirajo resorpcijo kosti, kakršno je zoledronska kislina (glejte poglavje 4.4).
Zoledronic acid Actavis treatment should be resumed at the same dose as that given prior to treatment interruption.
Zdravljenje z zdravilom Zoledronska kislina Actavis je treba spet začeti z enakim odmerkom, kot ga je bolnik prejemal pred prekinitvijo zdravljenja.
Zoledronic acid 4 mg was also studied in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 228 patients with documented bone metastases from breast cancer to evaluate the effect of 4 mg zoledronic acid on the skeletal related event (SRE) rate ratio, calculated as the total number of SRE
Zoledronsko kislino v odmerku 4 mg so proučevali tudi v dvojno slepem, randomiziranem, s placebom kontroliranem preskušanju pri 228 bolnicah z dokazanimi kostnimi metastazami raka dojke, da bi ocenili učinek 4 mg zoledronske kisline na pogostnost SRE, izračunano kot količnik celotnega števila
The interpatient variability in pharmacokinetic parameters for zoledronic acid was high, as seen with other bisphosphonates.
Interindividualna variabilnost farmakokinetičnih parametrov zoledronske kisline je velika, podobno kot pri drugih difosfonatih.
The decision to treat patients with bone metastases for the prevention of skeletal related events should consider that the onset of treatment effect is 2-3 months.
Pri odločitvi za preprečevanje z okostjem povezanih dogodkov pri bolnikih z metastazami v kosteh je treba upoštevati, da začne zdravljenje učinkovati šele po 2-3 mesecih.
- Low level of calcium in the blood.
- Nizka koncentracija kalcija v krvi.
Fracture adverse events of long bones in the lower extremities were reported in approximately 24% (femur) and 14% (tibia) of zoledronic acid-treated patients vs 12% and 5% of pamidronate-treated patients with severe osteogenesis imperfecta, regardless of disease type and causality but overall incidence of fractures was comparable for the zoledronic acid and pamidronate-treated patients: 43% (32/74) vs 41% (31/76).
Zlome dolgih kosti spodnjih okončin so kot neželene učinke pri bolnikih s hudo osteogenesis imperfecta zabeležili pri približno 24% (stegnenica) oz. 14% (golenica) prejemnikov zoledronske kisline in pri približno 12% (stegnenica) in 5% (golenica) prejemnikov pamidronata, in sicer ne glede na vrsto bolezni in vzročnost, toda celotna incidenca zlomov je bila med prejemniki zoledronske kisline in prejemniki pamidronata podobna: 43% (32/74) v primerjavi z 41% (31/76).
In a pooled analysis of safety data from zoledronic acid registration trials for the prevention of skeletal-related events in patients with advanced malignancies involving bone, the frequency of renal impairment adverse events suspected to be related to zoledronic acid (adverse reactions) was as follows: multiple myeloma (3.2%), prostate cancer (3.1%), breast cancer (4.3%), lung and other solid tumours (3.2%).
V skupni analizi podatkov o varnosti zoledronske kisline iz registracijskih preskušanj pri preprečevanju z okostjem povezanih dogodkov pri bolnikih z napredovalimi malignimi boleznimi, ki zajemajo kosti, so bile pogostnosti neželenih dogodkov, ki so vključevali okvaro ledvic in pri katerih je obstajal sum, da so povezani z zoledronsko kislino, (torej neželenih učinkov), naslednje: multipli mielom (3,2%), rak prostate (3,1%), rak dojke (4,3%), tumor na pljučih in drugi čvrsti tumorji (3,2%).
Median time to onset of the first SRE was not reached in the zoledronic acid-treated arm at the end of the study and was significantly prolonged compared to placebo (p=0.007).
zdravljeni z zoledronsko kislino, do konca študije ni bil dosežen in je bil značilno daljši kot s placebom (p=0,007).
In patients with mild to moderate renal impairment, reduced zoledronic acid doses are recommended (see section “Posology” above and section 4.4).
Za bolnike z blago do zmerno okvaro ledvic so priporočljivi nižji odmerki zoledronske kisline (glejte poglavje "Odmerjanje" zgoraj in poglavje 4.4).
Zoledronic acid belongs to the class of bisphosphonates and acts primarily on bone.
Zoledronska kislina spada v skupino difosfonatov in deluje predvsem na kost.
Adults and older people
Zdravljenje TIH Odrasli in starejši bolniki
After initiating the infusion of zoledronic acid, the plasma concentrations of zoledronic acid rapidly increased, achieving their peak at the end of the infusion period, followed by a rapid decline to < 10% of peak after 4 hours and < 1% of peak after 24 hours, with a subsequent prolonged period of very low concentrations not exceeding 0.1% of peak prior to the second infusion of zoledronic acid on day 28.
dosegla vrh ob koncu infundiranja, nato je sledilo hitro zmanjšanje na < 10% najvišje koncentracije po 4 urah in na < 1% najvišje koncentracije po 24 urah; sledilo je dolgotrajno obdobje zelo nizke koncentracije, ki pred drugo infuzijo zoledronske kisline 28. dan ni presegla 0,1% najvišje koncentracije.
For storage conditions of Zoledronic acid Actavis after dilution, see section 6.3.
Za pogoje shranjevanja zdravila Zoledronska kislina Actavis po redčenju glejte poglavje 6.3.
Patients who have received doses higher than those recommended (see section 4.2) should be carefully monitored, since renal function impairment (including renal failure) and serum electrolyte (including calcium, phosphorus and magnesium) abnormalities have been observed.
Bolnike, ki so dobili večje odmerke od priporočenih (glejte poglavje 4.2), je treba natančno kontrolirati, ker so pri takšnih bolnikih opažali okvaro delovanja ledvic (vključno z ledvično odpovedjo) in nepravilnosti elektrolitov v serumu
Median time to relapse (re-increase of albumin-corrected serum calcium ≥ 2.9 mmol/l) was 30 to 40 days for patients treated with zoledronic acid versus 17 days for those treated with pamidronate 90 mg (p-values: 0.001 for 4 mg and 0.007 for 8 mg zoledronic acid).
Mediani časa do ponovitve (ponovno zvišanje za albumin korigiranega serumskega kalcija ≥ 2,9 mmol/l) je bil pri prejemnikih zoledronske kisline od 30 do 40 dni in pri prejemnikih 90 mg pamidronata 17 dni (vrednosti p 0,001 za 4 mg in 0,007 za 8 mg zoledronske kisline).
Zoledronic acid Actavis must only be prescribed and administered to patients by healthcare professionals experienced in the administration of intravenous bisphosphonates.
Zdravilo Zoledronska kislina Actavis smejo predpisovati in dajati bolnikom samo zdravstveni delavci, ki imajo izkušnje z uporabo intravenskih difosfonatov.
Zoledronic acid Actavis is contraindicated in breast-feeding women (see section 4.3).
Zdravilo Zoledronska kislina Actavis je pri doječih ženskah kontraindicirano (glejte poglavje 4.3).
Patients being treated with Zoledronic acid Actavis should not be treated with such products or any other bisphosphonate concomitantly, since the combined effects of these agents are unknown.
Bolniki, ki dobivajo zdravilo Zoledronska kislina Actavis, sočasno ne smejo dobivati takšnih zdravil ali kakšnega drugega difosfonata, kajti učinki kombinacije teh učinkovin niso znani.
Contents of the pack and other information What Zoledronic acid Actavis contains
Vsebina pakiranja in dodatne informacije Kaj vsebuje zdravilo Zoledronska kislina Actavis
In view of the potential impact of zoledronic acid on renal function, the lack of clinical safety data in patients with severe renal impairment (in clinical trials defined as serum creatinine ≥ 400 micromol/l or ≥ 4.5 mg/dl for patients with TIH and ≥ 265 micromol/l or ≥ 3.0 mg/dl for patients with cancer and bone metastases, respectively) at baseline and only limited pharmacokinetic data in patients with severe renal impairment at baseline (creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min), the use of Zoledronic acid Actavis is not recommended in patients with severe renal impairment.
Glede na možni vpliv zoledronske kisline na delovanje ledvic ter na pomanjkanje kliničnih podatkov o varnosti pri bolnikih s hudo izhodiščno okvaro ledvic (v kliničnih preskušanjih opredeljeno kot serumski kreatinin ≥ 400 mikromolov/l ali ≥ 4,5 mg/dl pri bolnikih s TIH oziroma kot serumski kreatinin ≥ 265 mikromolov/l ali ≥ 3,0 mg/dl pri bolnikih z rakom in metastazami v kosteh) in glede na omejene farmakokinetične podatke pri bolnikih s hudo izhodiščno okvaro ledvic (očistek kreatinina
There are no adequate data on the use of zoledronic acid in pregnant women.
O uporabi zoledronske kisline pri nosečnicah ni dovolj podatkov.
Prevention of skeletal related events in patients with advanced malignancies involving bone: When initiating treatment with Zoledronic acid Actavis in patients with multiple myeloma or metastatic bone lesions from solid tumours, serum creatinine and creatinine clearance (CLcr) should be determined.
Preprečevanje z okostjem povezanih dogodkov pri bolnikih z napredovalimi malignimi boleznimi, ki zajamejo kosti: Ob uvedbi zdravila Zoledronska kislina Actavis pri bolnikih z multiplim mielomom ali metastatskimi kostnimi lezijami zaradi parenhimskih tumorjev je treba določiti serumski kreatinin in očistek kreatinina (CLcr).
- Gastrointestinal reactions such as nausea and vomiting as well as loss of appetite.
- Prebavne reakcije, npr. slabost v želodcu in bruhanje, pa tudi izguba apetita.
What you need to know before you are given Zoledronic acid Actavis
Kaj morate vedeti, preden boste dobili zdravilo Zoledronska kislina Actavis
These fractures occur after minimal or no trauma and some patients experience thigh or groin pain, often associated with imaging features of stress fractures, weeks to months before presenting with a completed femoral fracture.
Nekateri bolniki imajo bolečine v stegnu ali dimljah, pogosto hkrati z znaki stresnega zloma na slikah, že več tednov ali mesecev pred nastankom popolnega zloma stegnenice.
Vomiting, nausea
Bruhanje, navzea
- Low level of magnesium and potassium in the blood.
- Nizka koncentracija magnezija in kalija v krvi.
Zoledronic acid, used as indicated in sections 4.1 and 4.2, has been associated with reports of renal dysfunction.
Zoledronska kislina, uporabljena, kot je navedeno v poglavjih 4.1 in 4.2, je bila povezana s poročili o motenem delovanju ledvic.
This medicine contains less than 1 mmol sodium (23 mg) per dose, i.e. it is essentially “sodium-free”.
Zdravilo vsebuje manj kot 1 mmol natrija (23 mg) na odmerek, kar pomeni, da je praktično "brez natrija".
During post-marketing experience the following reactions have been reported (frequency rare): Atypical subtrochanteric and diaphyseal femoral fractures (bisphopsphonate class adverse reaction).
Med postmarketinško uporabo so bili opisani naslednji (po pogostnosti redki) učinki: atipični subtrohanterni zlomi stegnenice in zlomi diafize stegnenice (neželen učinek difosfonatov kot skupine).
- Unusual fracture of the thigh bone particularly in patients on long-term treatment for osteoporosis may occur rarely.
- Redko se lahko pojavi nenavaden zlom stegnenice, predvsem pri bolnikih, ki dolgotrajno prejemajo zdravljenje za osteoporozo.
10 x 5 ml vials
10 x 5 ml viale
Placebo Zoledronic acid
Placebo Zoledronska kislina
In clinical trials 69 patients who relapsed or were refractory to initial treatment (zoledronic acid 4 mg, 8 mg or pamidronate 90 mg) were retreated with 8 mg zoledronic acid.
V kliničnih preskušanjih so 69 bolnikov s ponovitvijo ali odpornostjo proti uvodnemu zdravljenju (4 ali 8 mg zoledronske kisline ali 90 mg pamidronata) ponovno zdravili z 8 mg zoledronske kisline.
Hypomagnesaemia, hypokalaemia
Hipomagneziemija, hipokaliemija
Only clear solution free from particles and discolouration should be used.
Uporabiti se sme le bistro raztopino brez delcev in nespremenjene barve.
The primary endpoint of the study was the percent change from baseline in lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) after 12 months of treatment.
Primarni opazovani dogodek študije je bila odstotna sprememba mineralne gostote kosti (MGK) v ledveni hrbtenici po 12 mesecih zdravljenja v primerjavi z izhodiščem.
- The solution containing zoledronic acid is given as a single 15-minute intravenous infusion in a separate infusion line.
- Raztopino, ki vsebuje zoledronsko kislino, je treba dati kot samostojno 15-minutno intravensko infuzijo z ločenim infuzijskim sistemom.
Population analysis showed that for a patient with creatinine clearance of 20 ml/min (severe renal impairment), or 50 ml/min (moderate impairment), the corresponding predicted clearance of zoledronic acid would be 37% or 72%, respectively, of that of a patient showing creatinine clearance of 84 ml/min.
Populacijska analiza je pokazala, da bi bil pri bolniku z očistkom kreatinina 20 ml/min (huda okvara ledvic) ustrezni predvideni očistek 37% tistega pri bolniku z očistkom kreatinina 84 ml/min, pri bolniku z očistkom 50 ml/min (zmerna okvara) pa 72% tistega pri bolniku z očistkom 84 ml/min.
This resulted in exaggerated pharmacological effects considered to be related to the compound's inhibition of skeletal calcium metabolisation, resulting in periparturient hypocalcaemia, a bisphosphonate class effect, dystocia and early termination of the study.
Prišlo je do poudarjenega farmakološkega delovanja, domnevno zaradi zaviranja presnove kalcija v kosteh; to je povzročilo peripartalno hipokalciemijo, kar je učinek difosfonatov kot skupine, distocijo in predčasno prekinitev študije.
In patients who show evidence of renal deterioration during treatment, Zoledronic acid Actavis should be withheld.
Bolnikom, ki se jim med zdravljenjem poslabša delovanje ledvic, je treba zdravilo Zoledronska kislina Actavis ukiniti.
Over the first 24 hours, 39 ± 16% of the administered dose is recovered in the urine, while the remainder is principally bound to bone tissue.
V prvih 24 urah se izloči v urinu 39 ± 16%
Adverse reactions are ranked under headings of frequency, the most frequent first, using the following convention: Very common (≥1/10), common (≥1/100 to <1/10), uncommon (≥1/1,000 to <1/100), rare (≥1/10,000 to <1/1,000), very rare (<1/10,000), not known (cannot be estimated from the available data).
Neželeni učinki so razvrščeni po oznakah pogostnosti, najpogostejši najprej, upoštevaje naslednji dogovor: zelo pogosti (≥ 1/10), pogosti (≥ 1/100 do < 1/10), občasni (≥ 1/1.000 do < 1/100), redki
Contact your doctor if you experience pain, weakness or discomfort in your thigh, hip or groin as this may be an early indication of a possible fracture of the thigh bone.
Če se vam pojavijo bolečine, šibkost ali nelagodje v stegnu, kolku ali dimljah, se morate posvetovati s svojim zdravnikom, kajti to so lahko zgodnji znaki možnega zloma stegnenice.
Zoledronic acid was well tolerated when administered subcutaneously to rats and intravenously to dogs at doses up to 0.02 mg/kg daily for 4 weeks.
Podgane so dobro prenašale subkutano dano zoledronsko kislino, psi pa intravensko dano v odmerkih do 0,02 mg/kg na dan 4 tedne dolgo.
Caution is advised when zoledronic acid is administered with medicinal products known to cause hypocalcaemia, as they may have a synergistic effect resulting in severe hypocalcaemia (see section 4.5).
Pri dajanju zdravila Zoledronska kislina Actavis skupaj z zdravili, za katera je znano, da povzročajo hipokalciemijo, je potrebna previdnost, saj lahko delujejo sinergistično in povzročijo hudo hipokalciemijo (glejte poglavje 4.5).
All patients should be encouraged to maintain good oral hygiene, undergo routine dental check-ups, and immediately report any oral symptoms such as dental mobility, pain or swelling, or non-healing of sores or discharge during treatment with Zoledronic acid Actavis.
Vsem bolnikom je treba naročiti, naj v času zdravljenja z zdravilom Zoledronska kislina Actavis skrbijo za dobro ustno higieno in redno hodijo na preglede k zobozdravniku, v primeru simptomov v ustni votlini, kot so majavost zob, bolečine, otekline ali neceljenje ran ali vnetje, pa naj takoj obvestijo zdravnika.