natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Of the 89 patients who died, 63 were initially found in cardiac arrest, suggesting that many of these patients had almost certainly suffered irreparable brain injury prior to administration of hydroxocobalamin.
Od 89 bolnikov, ki so umrli, so jih 63 našli v stanju srčnega zastoja, kar kaže na to, da je veliko teh bolnikov skoraj zagotovo že imelo nepopravljive možganske poškodbe pred uporabo hidroksokobalamina.
Body weight in kg
Telesna masa v kg
The majority of the urinary excretion occurred during the first 24 hours, but red coloured urine was observed for up to 35 days following the intravenous infusion.
Večina izločanja z urinom se pojavi v prvih 24 urah, vendar so rdeče obarvani urin opažali do 35 dni po intravenskem infundiranju.
In some situations, hemodialysis was required to achieve recovery (see section 4.8).
V nekaterih primerih je bila za okrevanje potrebna hemodializa (glejte poglavje 4.8).
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
Laktat-dehidrogenaza (LDH)
No studies on fertility have been performed (see section 5.3).
Študij plodnosti niso izvedli (glejte poglavje 5.3).
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
Alaninaminotransferaza (ALT)
• soot present around mouth, nose and/or oropharynx
• prisotnost saj okrog ust, nosa in/ali orofarinksa;
In case of known pregnancy at the time of treatment with Cyanokit or in case that pregnancy becomes known after treatment with Cyanokit, health care professionals are requested to promptly report the exposure during pregnancy to the Marketing Authorisation Holder and/or Health Authorities and to carefully follow-up on the pregnancy and its outcome.
V primeru znane nosečnosti v času zdravljenja z zdravilom Cyanokit ali v primeru, da postane nosečnost znana po zdravljenju z zdravilom Cyanokit, mora zdravstveno osebje o izpostavljenosti med nosečnostjo takoj poročati imetniku dovoljenja za promet in/ali zdravstveni agenciji in skrbno spremljati nosečnost in njen izid.
Tell your doctor or other health care professional
Povejte zdravniku ali drugemu zdravstvenemu osebju,
Consequently, these and other medicinal products must not be administered simultaneously through the same intravenous line as hydroxocobalamin.
Zato se ta in druga zdravila ne smejo dajati sočasno po isti intravenski liniji kot hidroksokobalamin.
The maximal increase in blood pressure has been observed toward the end of infusion (see section 4.8).
Največje zvišanje krvnega tlaka so opazili proti koncu infundiranja (glejte poglavje 4.8).
Hydroxocobalamin may interfere with all urine colorimetric parameters.
Hidroksokobalamin lahko moti vse urinske kolorimetrične parametre.
Interference following a 10 g dose can be expected to last up to an additional 24 hours.
Pričakovati je, da bo motenje po 10-gramskem odmerku trajalo do dodatnih 24 ur.
“To be attached to the patient's medical record:
“V bolnikovo zdravstveno kartoteko je treba priložiti naslednje:
However, taken into account: - that no more than two injections of hydroxocobalamin are to be administered, - the potentially life threatening condition, - the lack of alternative treatment, hydroxocobalamin may be given to a pregnant woman.
Vendar pa se ob upoštevanju naslednjega: - uporabljeni ne bosta več kot dve injekciji hidroksokobalamina, - morebitnega smrtno nevarnega stanja, - pomanjkanja alternativnih zdravljenj, hidroksokobalamin lahko da nosečnici.
One short catheter for administration to children.
En kratek kateter za uporabo pri otrocih.
The remaining 102 subjects were healthy volunteers who had not been exposed to cyanide at the time of hydroxocobalamin administration.
Preostalih 102 oseb je bilo zdravih prostovoljcev, ki v času uporabe hidroksokobalamina niso bili izpostavljeni cianidu.
Do not use this medicine after the expiry date which is stated on the vial, the cardboard box and the carton after EXP.
Tega zdravila ne smete uporabljati po datumu izteka roka uporabnosti, ki je naveden na viali, kartonski škatli in ovojnini poleg oznake »EXP«.
Heart and blood pressure problems
Težave s srcem in krvnim tlakom
• breathing difficulties, hoarseness, difficulty in speaking
• težave pri dihanju, hripavost, težave pri govoru
Pustular rashes, which may last for several weeks, affecting mainly the face and the neck.
Pustulozni izpuščaji, ki lahko trajajo več tednov, predvsem na obrazu in vratu.
Treatment decisions must be made on the basis of clinical history and/or signs and symptoms of cyanide intoxication.
Odločitve o zdravljenju morajo temeljiti na klinični anamnezi in/ali znakih in simptomih intoksikacije s cianidom.
• coloured plasma, which may cause artificial elevation or reduction in the levels of certain laboratory parameters.
• obarvana plazma, ki lahko povzroči umetno zvišanje ali znižanje ravni nekaterih laboratorijskih vrednosti
Overall, the total urinary excretion was calculated to be at least 60 to 70% of the administered dose.
Izračunali so, da se z urinom skupno izloči vsaj 60 do 70% uporabljenega odmerka.
Two transfer devices.
Dve napravi za prenos.
Based on in vitro studies and pharmacokinetic data obtained in healthy volunteers the following table describes interference with laboratory tests that may be observed following a 5 g dose of hydroxocobalamin.
Na podlagi študij in vitro in farmakokinetičnih podatkov, pridobljenih pri zdravih prostovoljcih, naslednja preglednica opisuje interference laboratorijskih testov, ki jih lahko opazimo po 5-gramskem odmerku hidroksokobalamina.
The presence of altered mental status (confusion and disorientation) and/or mydriasis is suggestive of true cyanide poisoning.
Spremenjeno duševno stanje (zmedenost in dezorientiranost) in/ali midriaza kažeta na resnično zastrupitev s cianidom.
Haemodialysis may be effective in such a circumstance, but is only indicated in the event of significant hydroxocobalamin-related toxicity.
V takšnih okoliščinah je hemodializa lahko učinkovita, vendar je indicirana le pri pomembni toksičnosti, povezani s hidroksokobalaminom.
In general, the effectiveness of hydroxocobalamin in these patients was similar to that of younger patients.
Na splošno je bila učinkovitost hidroksokobalamina pri teh bolnikih podobna učinkovitosti pri mlajših bolnikih.
• changes in the results of blood tests for certain white blood cells (lymphocytes)
• spremembe rezultatov krvnih preiskav določenih levkocitov (limfocitov)
The extent and duration of interference in cyanide-poisoned patients may differ according to the severity of intoxication.
Stopnja in trajanje motenja pri bolnikih, zastrupljenih s cianidom, se lahko razlikujeta glede na stopnjo intoksikacije.
Before Cyanokit is administered, it is recommended to check affected persons for the presence of the following:
Pred uporabo zdravila Cyanokit je priporočeno pri prizadetih osebah preveriti naslednje:
Centre de Production de Semoy 2, rue du Pressoir Vert F-45400 Semoy France
Centre de Production de Semoy 2, rue du Pressoir Vert F-54400 Semoy Francija
In this setting hypotension and/or a plasma lactate concentration ≥ 10 mmol/L (higher than the one mentioned under signs and symptoms due to the fact that carbon monoxide contributes to lactic acidaemia) are highly suggestive of cyanide poisoning.
V teh okoliščinah hipotenzija in/ali koncentracija laktata v plazmi ≥ 10 mmol/l (ta vrednost je večja od tiste, ki je navedena med znaki in simptomi, ker ogljikov monoksid prispeva k laktacidemiji) močno kažeta na zastrupitev s cianidom.
This medicine is an emergency treatment.
To zdravilo se uporablja v nujnih primerih.
The relevance of this finding to humans is unlikely since it was not reported in short-term studies conducted with hydroxocobalamin.
Ta ugotovitev najverjetneje ni pomembna za človeka, saj v kratkotrajnih študijah, opravljenih s hidroksokobalaminom, o njej niso poročali.
This should be considered before haemodialysis is initiated in patients treated with hydroxocobalamin.
To je treba upoštevati preden začnemo z hemodializo pri bolnikih, ki se zdravijo s hidroksokobalaminom.
Depending upon the severity of the poisoning and the clinical response (see section 4.4), a second dose may be administered.
Glede na stopnjo zastrupitve in klinični odziv (glejte poglavje 4.4) lahko dajete naslednji odmerek.
For the purpose of ambulatory use, Cyanokit may be exposed during short periods to the temperature variations of usual transport (15 days submitted to temperatures ranging from 5°C to 40°C), transport in the desert (4 days submitted to temperatures ranging from 5°C to 60°C) and freezing/defrosting cycles (15 days submitted to temperatures ranging from -20°C to 40°C).
Pri ambulantni uporabi se lahko zdravilo Cyanokit krajši čas izpostavlja temperaturnim razlikam, ki nastanejo med običajnim transportom (15 dni temperaturam od 5 °C do 40 °C), med transportom v puščavi (4 dni temperaturam od 5 °C do 60 °C) in ciklom zamrzovanja/odmrzovanja (15 dni temperaturam od -20 °C do 40 °C).
Allergy (hypersensitivity)
Alergija (preobčutljivost)
• discomfort in your stomach
• občutek neugodja v želodcu
Cyanokit is to be administered together with appropriate decontamination and supportive measures (see section 4.4).
Zdravilo Cyanokit je treba uporabiti skupaj z ustrezno dekontaminacijo in podpornimi ukrepi (glejte poglavje 4.4).
Cyanokit is to be administered together with appropriate decontamination and supportive measures.
Zdravilo Cyanokit je treba uporabiti skupaj z ustrezno dekontaminacijo in podpornimi ukrepi.
Creatinine Total and conjugate bilirubin** Triglycerides Cholesterol Total protein Glucose Albumin Alkaline phosphatase
Kreatinin Skupni in konjugirani bilirubin** Trigliceridi Holesterol Skupne beljakovine Glukoza Albumin Alkalna fosfataza
The maximum total recommended dose is 10 g for adults, and 140 mg/kg in children up to a maximum of 10 g.
Največji skupni priporočeni odmerek je 10 g za odrasle in 140 mg/kg za otroke, do največ 10 g.
Known hypersensitivity to hydroxocobalamin or vitamin B12 must be taken into benefit-risk consideration before administration of Cyanokit, since hypersensitive reactions may occur in patients receiving hydroxocobalamin (see section 4.8).
Znano preobčutljivost za hidroksokobalamin ali vitamin B12 je treba upoštevati pri oceni koristi in tveganja pred uporabo zdravila Cyanokit, saj pri bolnikih, ki prejmejo hidroksokobalamin, lahko pride do preobčutljivostnih reakcij (glejte poglavje 4.8).
Cyanocobalamin is a stable, non-toxic compound that is excreted in the urine.
Cianokobalamin je stabilna, netoksična spojina, ki se izloča z urinom.
Adults: The maximum total recommended dose is 10 g.
Odrasli: Največji skupni priporočeni odmerek je 10 g.
In vitro tests indicate that the extent and duration of the interference is dependant on numerous factors such as the dose of hydroxocobalamin, analyte, analyte concentration, methodology, analyser, concentrations of cobalamins-(III) including cyanocobalamin and partially the time between sampling and measurement.
Preskusi in vitro kažejo, da sta stopnja in trajanje motenja odvisna od številnih dejavnikov, kot so odmerek hidroksokobalamina, analit, koncentracija analita, metodologija, analizator, koncentracije kobalaminov-(III), vključno s cianokobalaminom, ter delno od časa med odvzemom vzorca in meritvijo.
• a feeling of tightness in the throat
• občutek stiskanja v grlu
In-use stability of the reconstituted solution
Stabilnost rekonstituirane raztopine
In order to reflect the exposure to the sum of all derivatives, pharmacokinetics of cobalamins-(III) were investigated instead of hydroxocobalamin, requiring the concentration unit µg eq/mL (i.e. cobalamin-(III) entity without specific ligand).
Da bi ocenili izpostavljenost celotni količini vseh derivatov, so namesto farmakokinetike hidroksokobalamina raziskovali farmakokinetiko kobalaminov-(III), pri kateri so uporabili enoto koncentracije µg eq/ml (tj. entiteto kobalamina-(III) brez specifičnega liganda).
Maximum dose
Največji odmerek
CARDBOARD BOX
KARTONSKA ŠKATLA
• red colouration of the urine.
• rdeče obarvanje urina
Cyanokit does not substitute oxygen therapy and must not delay the set up of the above measures.
Zdravilo Cyanokit ni nadomestek za zdravljenje s kisikom in zaradi njegove uporabe se ne sme odlašati z zgoraj navedenimi ukrepi.
Transient increase in blood pressure, usually resolving within several hours; hot flush.
Prehodno zvišanje krvnega tlaka, ki se navadno vrne na izhodiščno vrednost v nekaj urah; vročinski obliv.
Although the safety and efficacy of hydroxocobalamin have not been studied in renal and hepatic impairments, Cyanokit is administered as emergency therapy in an acute, life-threatening situation only and no dose adjustment is required in these patients.
Čeprav varnosti in učinkovitosti hidroksokobalamina pri bolnikih z okvarami ledvic in jeter niso raziskovali, se zdravilo Cyanokit uporablja samo kot nujno zdravljenje pri akutnih, smrtno nevarnih primerih, pri teh bolnikih pa prilagoditev odmerka ni potrebna.
Because hydroxocobalamin will be administered in potentially life-threatening situations, breastfeeding is not a contraindication to its use.
Ker se hidroksokobalamin uporablja v potencialno smrtno nevarnih primerih, dojenje ni kontraindikacija za njegovo uporabo.
In general, the effectiveness of hydroxocobalamin in paediatric patients was similar to that of adults.
Na splošno je bila učinkovitost hidroksokobalamina pri pediatričnih bolnikih podobna učinkovitosti pri odraslih.
There is no widely available, rapid, confirmatory cyanide blood test.
Splošno dostopnega, hitrega potrditvenega krvnega testa za zastrupitev s cianidom ni.
While determination of blood cyanide concentration is not required and must not delay treatment with hydroxocobalamin, it may be useful for documenting cyanide poisoning.
Določanje koncentracije cianida v krvi ni nujno in se zaradi njega ne sme odlašati z zdravljenjem s hidroksokobalaminom, vendar je lahko koristno za dokumentiranje zastrupitve s cianidom.
Signs and symptoms of cyanide poisoning
Znaki in simptomi zastrupitve s cianidom
What Cyanokit is and what it is used for
Kaj je zdravilo Cyanokit in za kaj ga uporabljamo
For storage conditions of the reconstituted medicine, see 'Handling instructions' at the end of this package leaflet.
Za pogoje shranjevanja rekonstituiranega zdravila glejte poglavje »Navodila za ravnanje« na koncu tega navodila za uporabo.
Use with other cyanide antidotes
Uporaba z drugimi antidoti za cianid
The effectiveness of hydroxocobalamin was examined in a controlled study in cyanide-poisoned adult dogs.
Učinkovitost hidroksokobalamina so ugotavljali v nadzorovani študiji na odraslih psih, zastrupljenih s cianidom.
Because the reconstituted solution is a dark red solution, some insoluble particles may not be seen.
Rekonstituirana raztopina je temno rdeča, zato morda nekateri netopni delci niso vidni.
The pharmacokinetics of total cobalamins-(III) in this population may be affected by the body's cyanide load, since cyanocobalamin was reported to exhibit a 2-3 times lower half-life than total cobalamins-(III) in healthy volunteers.
Na farmakokinetiko skupnih kobalaminov-(III) pri teh bolnikih lahko vpliva obremenitev telesa s cianidom, saj so poročali, da je razpolovni čas cianokobalamina 2- do 3-krat krajši kot razpolovni čas skupnih kobalaminov-(III) pri zdravih prostovoljcih.
Where neurological assessment over time was possible, (96 patients of the 171 patients who presented with neurological symptoms prior to hydroxocobalamin administration), 51 (53%) patients receiving hydroxocobalamin showed improvement or a complete restoration.
Od bolnikov, pri katerih je bila ocena nevrološkega stanja po zdravljenju mogoča (96 od 171 bolnikov, ki so pred uporabo hidroksokobalamina imeli nevrološke simptome), je pri 51 bolnikih (53%), ki so prejeli hidroksokobalamin, prišlo do izboljšanja ali popolnega okrevanja.
In the setting of multiple casualties such as terrorism or chemical disaster, panic symptoms including tachypnoea and vomiting may mimic early cyanide poisoning signs.
Pri nesrečah z več žrtvami, kot so teroristični napadi ali kemijske nesreče, so lahko simptomi panike, vključno s tahipnejo in bruhanjem, podobni zgodnjim znakom zastrupitve s cianidom.
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Antidotes, ATC code: V03AB33
FARMAKOLOŠKE LASTNOSTI 5.1 Farmakodinamične lastnosti Farmakoterapevtska skupina: Antidoti, oznaka ATC: V03AB33
If there is clinical suspicion of cyanide poisoning, it is strongly recommended that Cyanokit be administered without delay.
Če obstaja klinični sum na zastrupitev s cianidom, je močno priporočeno uporabiti zdravilo Cyanokit brez odlašanja.
The mean total amount of cobalamins-(III) excreted in urine during the collection period of 72 hours was approximately 60% of a 5 g dose and approximately 50% of a 10 g dose of Cyanokit.
Povprečna skupna količina kobalaminov-(III), izločenih z urinom v 72-urnem obdobju zbiranja, je bila pri 5-gramskem odmerku zdravila Cyanokit približno 60%, pri 10-gramskem pa približno 50%.
As physical and chemical incompatibilities were observed with a number of selected medicinal products that are frequently used in resuscitation efforts, these and other medicinal products must not be administered simultaneously in the same intravenous line as hydroxocobalamin.
Ker so pri številnih izbranih zdravilih, ki se pogosto uporabljajo pri oživljanju, opazili fizikalne in kemijske inkompatibilnosti, se ta in druga zdravila ne smejo dajati sočasno po isti intravenski liniji kot hidroksokobalamin.
• Acute renal failure with acute tubular necrosis, renal impairment, urine calcium oxalate crystals present (see section 4.4).
• Akutna odpoved ledvic z akutno tubularno nekrozo, okvaro ledvic in prisotnostjo kristalov kalcijevega oksalata v urinu (glejte poglavje 4.4).
- burn assessement.
oceno opeklin.
Doses as high as 15 g have been administered without reported specific dose related adverse reactions.
Odmerke do 15 g so aplicirali brez specifičnih neželenih učinkov, odvisnih od odmerka.
Cyanokit may interfere with the assessment as it causes red coloration of the skin.
Zdravilo Cyanokit lahko vpliva na oceno, saj povzroča rdeče obarvanje kože.
Your doctor or health care professional will give you Cyanokit by infusion into a vein.
Zdravnik ali zdravstveno osebje vam bodo zdravilo Cyanokit infundirali v veno.
What you need to know before Cyanokit is used
Kaj morate vedeti pred uporabo zdravila Cyanokit
Interference with laboratory tests
Motenje laboratorijskih preiskav
Out of the 20 paediatric patients without initial cardiac arrest, 18 (90%) survived, of whom 4 with sequelae.
Od 20 pediatričnih bolnikov, ki niso imeli srčnega zastoja, jih je preživelo 18 (90 %), med njimi 4 s posledicami.
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
Sečna kislina Aspartataminotransferaza (AST)
This kit does not contain diluent.
Komplet ne vsebuje topila.
The action of hydroxocobalamin in the treatment of cyanide poisoning is based on its ability to tightly bind cyanide ions.
Delovanje hidroksokobalamina pri zdravljenju zastrupitve s cianidom temelji na njegovi zmožnosti močne vezave cianidnih ionov.
When normalized for body weight, male and female subjects revealed no major differences in plasma and urinary pharmacokinetic parameters of free and total cobalamins-(III) following the administration of 5 g or 10 g Cyanokit.
Pri normalizaciji na telesno maso pri moških in ženskah ni bilo pomembnih razlik pri plazemskih in urinskih farmakokinetičnih parametrih prostih in skupnih kobalaminov-(III) po uporabi 5 g ali 10 g zdravila Cyanokit.
For the purpose of ambulatory use, Cyanokit may be exposed during short periods to the temperature variations of
Pri ambulantni uporabi se lahko zdravilo Cyanokit za kratek čas izpostavi naslednjim temperaturnim območjem:
The safety of administering other cyanide antidotes simultaneously with Cyanokit has not been established (see section 6.2).
Varnost sočasne uporabe drugih antidotov proti cianidu in zdravila Cyanokit ni ugotovljena (glejte poglavje 6.2).
Cyanokit may cause red discolouration of the plasma, which may cause artificial elevation or reduction in the levels of certain laboratory parameters (see section 4.4).
Zdravilo Cyanokit lahko povzroči rdeče obarvanje plazme, ki lahko umetno zviša ali zniža ravni nekaterih laboratorijskih parametrov (glejte poglavje 4.4).
In the presence of the above signs, treatment with Cyanokit must not be delayed to obtain a plasma lactate concentration.
Če so prisotni zgoraj navedeni znaki, se zdravljenja z zdravilom Cyanokit ne sme odlašati zaradi določanja koncentracije laktata v plazmi.
Creatine kinase (CK) Creatine kinase isoenzym MB (CKMB)
Kreatin-kinaza (CK) Kreatin-kinaza izoencim MB (CKMB)
The mean age of the paediatric patients was about six years and the mean dose of hydroxocobalamin was about 120 mg/kg body weight.
Povprečna starost pediatričnih bolnikov je bila približno 6 let, povprečen odmerek hidroksokobalamina pa približno 120 mg/kg telesne mase.
You will have the first infusion of Cyanokit over 15 minutes.
Prvo infundiranje zdravila Cyanokit bo trajalo 15 minut.
Consideration must be given to decontamination measures based on the route of exposure.
Glede na pot izpostavitve je treba poskrbeti tudi za dekontaminacijske ukrepe.
Subsequent dose
Naslednji odmerek
Each pack contains two vials (each vial packed in one cardboard box), two sterile transfer devices, one sterile intravenous infusion set and one sterile short catheter for administration to children.
V enem pakiranju sta po dve viali (vsaka viala je pakirana v kartonsko škatlo), dve sterilni napravi za prenos, en sterilen komplet za intravensko infundiranje in en sterilen kratek kateter za uporabo pri otrocih.
Not all smoke inhalation victims necessarily will have cyanide poisoning, but may present with burns, trauma, and exposure to additional toxic substances aggravating the clinical picture.
Ni nujno, da so vse žrtve vdihavanja dima zastrupljene s cianidom, vendar opekline, poškodbe in izpostavljenost drugim strupenim snovem lahko poslabšajo klinično sliko.
Furthermore, in 34 patients with known cyanide concentrations above the lethal threshold (≥ 100 µmol/L), 21 (62%) survived following treatment with hydroxocobalamin.
Od 34 bolnikov, pri katerih so bile koncentracije cianida nad pragom smrtnega odmerka (≥ 100 µmol/l), jih je po zdravljenju s hidroksokobalaminom preživelo 21 (62 %).
For adults, the initial dose is 5 g. For children, it is 70 mg/kg body weight, up to a maximum dose of 5 g. If you need a second infusion, you will have it over 15 minutes to 2 hours.
Začetni odmerek za odrasle je 5 g. Za otroke je 70 mg/kg telesne mase, do največjega odmerka 5 g. Če potrebujete drugo infundiranje, bo trajalo 15 minut do 2 uri.
Therefore, as a precaution, after Cyanokit administration, regular monitoring of renal function (including blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine) should be performed until 7 days after drug onset.
Zato je zaradi previdnosti potrebno po dajanju zdravila Cyanokit redno spremljanje delovanja ledvic (vključno z dušikomsečnine v krvi in kreatininom v serumu) do 7 dni po uvedbi zdravila.
• breathing difficulties
• težave pri dihanju
It must not be shaken as shaking the vial may cause foam and therefore may make checking reconstitution less easy.
Viale ne smete pretresati, ker se zaradi pretresanja lahko ustvari pena, zaradi česar se težje vidi, ali je rekonstitucija uspela.
Allergic reactions including angioneurotic oedema, skin eruption, urticaria and pruritus.
Alergijske reakcije, vključno z angionevrotičnim edemom, kožnim izpuščajem, urtikarijo in pruritusom.
Sources of cyanide poisoning include hydrogen cyanide and its salts, cyanogens, including cyanogenic plants, aliphatic nitriles, or prolonged exposure to sodium nitroprusside.
Med viri zastrupitve s cianidom so vodikov cianid in njegove soli, cianogeni, vključno s cianogenimi rastlinami, alifatskimi nitrili ali dolgotrajno izpostavljenostjo natrijevemu nitroprusidu.
Initial dose of Cyanokit is administered as an intravenous infusion over 15 minutes.
Začetni odmerek zdravila Cyanokit se daje v obliki 15-minutne intravenske infuzije.