natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
A study to evaluate the effects of adding high amounts of zinc in the diets of weaned pigs (Lima et al., 1994)9 included 162 piglets from a farm with a previous history of diarrhoea due to E. coli.
Študija vrednotenja učinkov dodajanja velikih količin cinka v prehrani odstavljenih prašičkov (Lima idr., 1994)9 je vključevala 162 prašičkov s kmetije, na kateri je v preteklosti že bila prisotna driska zaradi E. coli.
The available data did not include a multicentre GCP field study conducted in several geographical arears Europe and on animals representing the range of various husbandry practices.
Razpoložljivi podatki niso vključevali multicentrične terenske študije, skladne z dobro klinično prakso, izvedene na različnih geografskih območjih Evrope in na živalih, ki vključuje najrazličnejpe vzrejne prakse.
In some of the other trials, no diarrhoea was observed in the piglet groups.
V nekaterih drugih preskušanjih v skupinah prašičkov niso opazili driske.
The CVMP considered that the majority of risk assessments provided for concern products showed deficiencies in the fate models used.
Odbor CVMP je ocenil, da ima večina ocen tveganja, predloženih za zadevna zdravila, pomanjkljivosti, kar zadeva uporabljene modele končnega stanja.
Based on the totality of the data available, including the information submitted during the original assessment procedure and the detailed scientific grounds for re-examination put forward by the marketing authorisation holders, the CVMP concluded that there were not sufficient scientific grounds to revise its previous conclusions as included in its opinion of 8 December 2016, which concluded that the overall benefit-risk balance for the veterinary medicinal products containing zinc oxide to be administered orally to food producing species is negative.
Odbor CVMP je na podlagi vseh razpoložljivih podatkov, vključno s podatki, predloženimi v okviru prvotnega postopka ocenjevanja, in podrobnimi znanstvenimi razlogi za ponovno preučitev, ki so jih predložili imetniki dovoljenj za promet z zdravilom, zaključil, da ni zadostnih znanstvenih razlogov za dopolnitev predhodnih zaključkov, vključenih v njegovo mnenje z dne 8. decembra 2016, v katerem je zaključil, da je splošno razmerje med tveganji in koristmi za zdravila za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki vsebujejo cinkov oksid, za peroralno dajanje vrstam za proizvodnjo živil negativno.
Additionally the marketing authorisation holders consider that an ad hoc expert group together EFSA could help to address the environmental risks from a broader point of view.
Poleg tega menijo, da bi pri obravnavi tveganj za okolje s širšega vidika lahko pomagala ad hoc strokovna skupina skupaj z agencijo EFSA.
It is believed that bioavailability of metals in sediment can be predicted by measuring the acid volatile sulphide (AVS) and the simultaneously extracted metal (SEM) contents of sediments.
Domneva se, da je mogoče biološko uporabnost kovin v sedimentu napovedati z merjenjem vsebnosti v kislini hlapnega sulfida (AVS) in sočasno ekstrahirane kovine (SEM) v sedimentih.
• A risk of zinc to soil dwelling species will on average be reached in approximately 55 years in clay soils;
• tveganje zaradi cinka za vrste, ki živijo v tleh, v glinenih tleh v povprečju doseženo v približno 55 letih;
Concerning sediment PECs specifically, accumulation factors are not considered (e.g. deposition, re-suspension, and burial of zinc), it is assumed that suspended sediments are representative of the deposited sediment, and no account is made for acid volatile sulfide levels.
Kar zadeva vrednosti PEC za sedimente, dejavniki kopičenja niso bili upoštevani (npr. odlaganje, resuspenzija in zakopavanje cinka), zato se predvideva, da so suspendirani sedimenti reprezentativni za odložene sedimente, koncentracije v kislini hlapnih sulfidov pa niso upoštevane.
The use of zinc oxide may promote the selection of bacteria expressing zinc resistance.
Uporaba cinkovega oksida lahko spodbudi selekcijo bakterij, ki izražajo odpornost proti cinku.
Grounds for the refusal of the marketing authorisations and for withdrawal of the existing marketing authorisations
Podlaga za zavrnitev dovoljenj za promet z zdravilom in umik obstoječih dovoljenj za promet z zdravilom
Considering the duration of the administration of high amounts of zinc in the feed of weaned piglets (between 2500 and 3000 ppm of zinc), Hollis (2000)6 advises that administration of high zinc content feed should not be prolonged for more than two weeks after weaning, and that zinc used should be in the form of zinc oxide.
Glede na trajanje dajanje velikih količin cinka v krmo odstavljenih prašičkov (od 2 500 do 3 000 ppm cinka) Hollis (2000)6 svetuje, da dajanje krme z veliko vsebnostjo cinka ne sme trajati dlje kot dva tedna po odstavitvi in da mora biti uporabljeni cink v obliki cinkovega oksida.
Several marketing authorisation holders provided proprietary studies for veterinary medicinal products containing zinc oxide as single active substance.
Več imetnikov dovoljenj za promet z zdravilom je predložilo lastniške študije za zdravila za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki vsebujejo cinkov oksid kot edino zdravilno učinkovino.
Advantages of the combination sulfagunidine and zinc oxide versus the use of the individual substances were not provided.
Dokazi o prednostih kombinacije sulfagvanidina in cinkovega oksida v primerjavi z uporabo posameznih učinkovin niso bili predloženi.
A target animal safety study was performed at the recommended dose (100 mg/kg bw per day during 14 days) and no significant side effects have been observed.
Opravljena je bila študija varnosti pri ciljnih živalih s priporočenim odmerkom (100 mg/kg telesne mase v obdobju 14 dni), v kateri niso bili opaženi pomembni neželeni učinki.
The marketing authorisation holders presented an environmental risk assessment by: a) addressing measured soil concentrations of zinc in (Danish) soils - but not taking into consideration the contributing from the repeated (annual) load of zinc from non-aged pig slurry; and b) by combining two methods for incorporating bioavailability (the so called ‘added risk approach' together with the ‘bioavailability correction approach'), yet the combination of both is not supported by the CVMP.
Imetnika dovoljenj za promet z zdravilom sta predstavila oceno tveganja za okolje z: (a) obravnavo izmerjenih koncentracij cinka v (danski) prsti, vendar brez upoštevanja prispevka ponavljajoče se (vsakoletne) obremenitve s cinkom iz nestarane prašičje gnojevke, in s (b) kombiniranjem dveh metod za vključitev biološke uporabnosti (t. i. „pristopa dodanega tveganja“, združenega s „pristopom popravka zaradi biološke uporabnosti“), vendar odbor CVMP te kombinacije ne odobrava.
• The aetiology of the observed diarrhoea was not established in most of studies submitted.
• V večini predloženih študij ni bila ugotovljena etiologija opažene driske.
A risk was identified for all FOCUS sediment scenarios, at both loading rates and at each time point.
Tveganje je bilo ugotovljeno pri vseh scenarijih modela FOCUS za sedimente, in sicer pri obeh stopnjah obremenitve in ob vseh časovnih točkah.
It should be noted that no information supporting a seven days administration of zinc oxide was available.
Omeniti je treba, da podatki o sedemdnevnem dajanju cinkovega oksida niso bili na voljo.
Much of the text was focused on the health and growth benefits of zinc oxide.
Precejšen del besedila se je osredotočal na pozitivne učinke cinkovega oksida na zdravje in rast.
The Committee's conclusions on the points raised in the marketing authorisation holders' scientific grounds are given below.
Zaključki odbora CHMP glede točk, ki so jih izpostavili imetniki dovoljenj za promet z zdravilom, so navedeni v nadaljevanju.
21 Forum for Co-ordination of Pesticide Fate Models and their Use (FOCUS) - link
21 Forum for Co-ordination of Pesticide Fate Models and their Use (FOCUS) - link podtalnica in površinske vode), zato je ta tveganja treba obvladati.
The CVMP cannot support the claim by the marketing authorisation holder stating that determining the environmental risks should be based on consideration of the conditions in Germany only, as the products are nationally authorised in this Member State only.
Prav tako ne more sprejeti trditve imetnika dovoljenja za promet z zdravilom, da je treba tveganja za okolje določati samo z upoštevanjem razmer v Nemčiji, saj sta zdravili odobreni po nacionalnem postopku samo v tej državi članici.
Zinc does not degrade in the environment, and a zinc load in the environment, once established, is difficult to remedy with existing technologies.
Cink se v okolju ne razgradi in obremenitev okolja s cinkom je z obstoječimi tehnologijami težko odpraviti.
Overall summary of the scientific evaluation of veterinary medicinal products containing zinc oxide to be administered orally to food producing species (see Annex I)
Splošni povzetek znanstvenega vrednotenja zdravil za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki vsebujejo cinkov oksid, za peroralno dajanje vrstam za proizvodnjo živil (glejte Prilogo I)
The combination of a conservative PNEC (not accounting for bioavailability) and PEC may result in an overestimate of the risk due to zinc in sediments.
Kombinacija konservativne ocene vrednosti PNEC (ki ne upošteva biološke uporabnosti) in PEC lahko privede do precenjenega tveganja zaradi cinka v sedimentih.
However, while the marketing authorisation holder claims a lower exposure and annual load from their products compared to other zinc oxide veterinary medicines, they have not submitted data supporting a quantitative risk assessment, and have not considered that, while their conclusion on a limited environmental release of zinc oxide was estimated from the use of these products on 3-4 week old piglets (7-8 kg), the claim for their products is for pigs up to 40 kg/bw, and treating heavier pigs would also increase the environmental load.
Čeprav imetnik dovoljenja za promet z zdravilom trdi, da njegovi zdravili povzročata manjšo izpostavljenost in letno obremenitev kot druga zdravila za uporabo v veterinarski medicini s cinkovim oksidom, ni predložil podatkov, ki bi podpirali količinsko oceno tveganja, in ni upošteval, da njegov zaključek o omejenem sproščanju cinkovega oksida v okolje temelji na oceni uporabe teh zdravil pri prašičkih, starih 3-4 tedne (7-8 kg); njegovi zdravili sta po navedbi namenjeni prašičem, težkim do 40 kg, zdravljenje težjih prašičev pa bi povečalo obremenitev okolja.
Additionally, as the IDMM has been taken into consideration for the EFSA assessment of zinc exposure, it may also be considered relevant for the assessment of veterinary medicinal products in terms of environmental exposure assessment.
Ker je bil model IDMM upoštevan pri oceni izpostavljenosti cinku, ki jo je opravila agencija EFSA, se lahko šteje za ustreznega tudi za oceno zdravil za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, kar zadeva oceno izpostavljenosti okolja.
The information provided indicates that there are errors and these are more pronounced for the sediment compartment and at low loadings.
Predloženi podatki kažejo, da so prisotne napake, ki so še izrazitejše pri ekosistemu sedimentov in manjših obremenitvah.
The specific action (on some pathogens) or unspecific action (local action on the digestive tract) is thus not yet fully elucidated.
Zato ni popolnoma jasno, ali gre za specifično delovanje (na določene patogene) ali nespecifično delovanje (lokalno delovanje na prebavila).
In order to better indicate the risks posed at application rates considered particularly relevant by the use of Gutal of 8.2 kg zinc ha-1 y-1, 7.2 kg zinc ha-1 a-1, 3.3 kg zinc ha-1 a-1 and 2.8 kg zinc ha-1 a-1, RQs have been extrapolated (linearly) from application rates of 4 and 7 kg zinc ha-1 a-1.
Da bi bolje prikazali tveganja, ki jih predstavljajo odmerki, ki se štejejo za zelo pomembne pri uporabi zdravila Gutal, tj. cink v odmerkih 8,2 kg ha-1 l-1, 7,2 kg ha-1 l-1, 3,3 kg ha-1 l-1 in 2,8 kg ha-1 l-1, so bili količniki (linearno) ekstrapolirani iz odmerkov cinka 4 in 7 kg ha-1 l-1.
The proposed indication of the combined product is for treatment, but no clinical data to support the use of zinc oxide in the treatment of diarrhoea (i.e. in presence of the disease at the initiation of zinc oxide administration - infection already confirmed in the herd) was available.
Predlagana indikacije kombiniranega zdravila je namenjena zdravljenju, vendar ni bilo na voljo kliničnih podatkov, ki bi podpirali uporabo cinkovega oksida pri zdravljenju driske (tj. v prisotnosti bolezni ob uvedbi dajanja cinkovega oksida - potrjena okužba v čredi).
Scarce data have been presented on the potential effect of using zinc oxide in the reduction of use of antibiotics and therefore no conclusions can be made in this regard.
O morebitnih učinkih uporabe cinkovega oksida pri zmanjševanju uporabe antibiotikov je bilo predstavljenih le malo podatkov, zato v zvezi s tem ni mogoče sprejeti zaključkov.
Zinc oxide is considered to be beneficial for the prevention of post-weaning diarrhoea (i.e. reduction in the incidence of diarrhoea during the post-weaning period) in piglets.
Cinkov oksid se šteje za koristnega pri preprečevanju driske po odstavitvi (tj. zmanjšanju pojavnosti driske v obdobju odstavitve) pri prašičkih.
Although this is in line with the criteria set out by the CVMP reflection paper on risk mitigation measures, it might be difficult not only in instances where there may not be the possibility to apply treated manure on different areas of land, but also because of the trade on manure between EU Member States and possibility for manure containing high concentrations of zinc oxide being used in susceptible soil types.
Čeprav je to v skladu z merili iz dokumenta o presoji odbora CVMP o ukrepih za zmanjšanje tveganja, je to lahko težavno ne le v primerih, ko gnoja zdravljenih živali ni mogoče vnesti na različne dele zemljišča, temveč tudi zaradi trgovine z gnojem med državami članicami in možnosti, da se gnoj, ki vsebuje visoke koncentracije cinkovega oksida, uporabi v občutljivih vrstah tal.
The CVMP acknowledges that a fraction of the zinc added in soil through manure applications will be taken up by plants and can be mineralised and be sequestrated in soil particles and is thus unavailable.
Odbor CVMP priznava, da bodo določen delež cinka, vnesen v tla z gnojenjem, privzele rastline ter da se bo mineraliziral in uskladiščil v delcih prsti in tako ne bo uporaben.
The CVMP does not accept these arguments, where the marketing authorisation holder's products have the same proportional risk for selecting antimicrobial resistant bacteria as zinc oxide mono-products.
Odbor CVMP teh utemeljitev ne sprejema, saj imata zdravili imetnika dovoljenja za promet z zdravilom enako sorazmerno tveganje za selekcijo bakterij s protimikrobno odpornostjo kot zdravila, ki vsebujejo samo cinkov oksid.
Overall, of the bibliographic references provided by the marketing authorisation holders there were issues with the study designs that preclude support of 2500 ppm zinc oxide in feed for 14 days post-weaning as described in the approved indications.
Pri bibliografskih referencah, ki sta jih predložila imetnika dovoljenj za promet z zdravilom, so bile težave z zasnovo študij, ki izključujejo dodajanje 2 500 ppm cinkovega oksida v krmo v obdobju 14 dni po odstavitvi, kot je opisano v odobrenih indikacijah.
Overall, it is apparent that the long-term, continual use of zinc-containing veterinary medicinal products will result in a gradual net input of zinc to the environment.
Na splošno je očitno, da dolgotrajna stalna uporaba zdravil za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki vsebujejo cink, privede do postopnega neto vnosa cinka v okolje.
Additionally, as the model was not made available to the CVMP, the relevance of the default input parameters could not be assessed and the model could not be run using data on specific application rates for zinc.
Ker model odboru CVMP ni bil na voljo, ni bilo mogoče oceniti ustreznosti privzetih vhodnih parametrov niti ni bilo mogoče uporabiti modela z uporabo podatkov o odmerkih, značilnih za cink.
Data indicates that the annual application of manure coming from farms where animals are treated with veterinary products containing zinc oxide, results in the gradual and continuous increase of zinc in soil, water and sediment systems.
Podatki kažejo, da letni vnos gnoja, ki prihaja s kmetij, na katerih živali zdravijo z zdravili za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki vsebujejo cinkov oksid, povzroča postopno in stalno povečevanje cinka v tleh, vodi in sedimentih.
The study showed that feed to which 2.5% acid was added in combination with 2500 ppm zinc during the first 14 days post-weaning significantly reduced the prevalence of diarrhoea and the mortality of piglets.
Študija je pokazala, da je krma, v katero so v prvih 14 dneh po odstavitvi v kombinaciji z 2 500 ppm cinka dodajali 2,5-odstotno kislino, značilno zmanjšala prevalenco driske in umrljivost prašičkov.
The conclusion of this study was that adding 2400 ppm zinc (as zinc oxide) for 14 days after weaning reduces the incidence of diarrhoea.
Zaključek te študije je, da dodajanje 2 400 ppm cinka (v obliki cinkovega dioksida) 14 dni po odstavitvi zmanjša pojavnost driske.
Therefore, exposure using application rates that are considered relevant from the use of zinc containing veterinary medicinal products are calculated from the pre-defined loading rates of the IDMM.
Zato se izpostavljenost z uporabo odmerkov, ki veljajo za pomembne pri uporabi zdravil za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki vsebujejo cink, izračuna na podlagi vnaprej določenih stopenj obremenitve v modelu IDMM.
Several of the publications submitted in support of the dose were not relevant since the investigations either focused on the growth benefits of zinc oxide or clinical trials combining both zinc oxide and antimicrobials.
Več objav, predloženih v podporo odmerka, ni bilo ustreznih, saj so bile raziskave osredotočene na pozitivne učinke cinkovega oksida na rast ali pa so bila klinična preskušanja opravljena s kombinacijo cinkovega oksida in protimikrobnih učinkovin.
However, the potential reduction in antimicrobial use secondary to zinc oxide use is not considered to qualify as an 'additional benefit' in this case.
Vendar se morebitna manjša uporaba protimikrobnih učinkovin zaradi uporabe cinkovega oksida v tem primeru ne šteje za dodatno korist.
The results of the environmental risk assessment for Gutal reflect the conclusion from EFSA on zinc i.e. there is a potential environmental concern related to the aquatic compartment (including sediment), with acidic, sandy, well-drained soils being most vulnerable to these processes.
Rezultati ocene tveganja za okolje za zdravilo Gutal izražajo zaključke agencije EFSA glede cinka, tj. da obstaja morebitno tveganje za okolje, povezano z vodnim ekosistemom (vključno s sedimenti), pri čemer so za te procese najbolj občutljiva kisla, peščena tla z dobrim odvodnjavanjem.
Zinc supplementation may also directly influence the antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacteria via other mechanisms based on work in E. coli (Bednortz C. et al., 2013)26.
Dodajanje cinka lahko tudi neposredno vpliva na profile protimikrobne odpornosti bakterij prek drugih mehanizmov, kot kažejo raziskave E. coli (Bednortz C.
However, this would just delay the total zinc accumulation in the environment (i.e. the time when PEC will exceed PNECs), but given the nature of zinc risk mitigation measures cannot guarantee that they can effectively eliminate short term (2020) risks identified in the risk assessment.
Vendar bi s tem samo odložili kopičenje skupnega cinka v okolju (tj. podaljšali čas, ko bo vrednost PEC presegala vrednosti PNEC), vendar glede na naravo ukrepov za zmanjšanje tveganja zaradi cinka ni mogoče zagotoviti, da bi s temi ukrepi učinkovito odpravili kratkoročna tveganja (do leta 2020), ugotovljena v oceni tveganja.
Following the CVMP opinion of 8 December 2016 on this referral procedure, several marketing authorisation holders (aniMedica GmbH, Huvepharma N.V., DSM Nutritional Products (UK) Ltd., Provimi Ltd., Andrés Pintaluba S.A., Bio Vet Aps, Calier Portugal S.A., Dunavet-B Zrt., Industrial Veterinaria S.A., Laboratorios Calier S.A., Laboratorios Support Pharma S.L., S.C. Crida Pharm S.R.L., ScanVet Animal Health A/S, Sintofarm S.p.A, Tekro, spol.
Na podlagi mnenja odbora CVMP z dne 8. decembra 2016 o tem napotitvenem postopku je več imetnikov dovoljenj za promet z zdravilom (aniMedica GmbH, Huvepharma N.V., DSM Nutritional Products (UK) Ltd., Provimi Ltd., Andrés Pintaluba S.A., Bio Vet Aps, Calier Portugal S.A., DunavetB Zrt., Industrial Veterinaria S.A., Laboratorios Calier S.A., Laboratorios Support Pharma S.L., S.C. Crida Pharm S.R.L., ScanVet Animal Health A/S, Sintofarm S.p.A, Tekro, spol.
No data from proprietary or published studies are available to support the efficacy of zinc oxide for the treatment of post-weaning diarrhoea in piglets.
Na voljo ni podatkov iz lastniških ali objavljenih študij, ki bi podpirali učinkovitost cinkovega oksida pri zdravljenju driske po odstavitvi pri prašičkih.
This increase in zinc concentrations in soil and consequent risks identified for selected compartments is established in this assessment only considering exposure of zinc coming from veterinary products.
To povečanje koncentracije cinka v tleh in posledična tveganja za izbrane ekosisteme so v tej oceni ugotovljeni le z upoštevanjem izpostavljenosti cinku, ki izhaja iz zdravil za uporabo v veterinarski medicini.
However, the marketing authorisation holders argue that additional risk mitigation measures could be considered to reduce or limit emission of zinc oxide to the environment from the use of pig manure, but did not propose any additional risk mitigation measures.
Trdijo sicer, da bi lahko razmislili o dodatnih ukrepih za zmanjšanje tveganja, s katerimi bi zmanjšali ali omejili emisije cinkovega oksida v okolje zaradi uporabe prašičjega gnoja, vendar niso predlagali dodatnih ukrepov za zmanjšanje tveganja.
This Danish national monitoring study confirms the results obtained with the IDMM and CVMP guidelines that the use of veterinary medicinal products containing zinc oxide leads to a significant increase in the soil zinc concentrations (and such is ultimately reflected in water concentrations).
Danska nacionalna študija spremljanja potrjuje rezultate, dobljene z modelom IDMM, in smernice odbora CVMP, da uporaba zdravil za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki vsebujejo cinkov oksid, povzroči pomembno povečano koncentracijo cinka v tleh (kar se ne nazadnje izraža v koncentracijah v vodi).
The results indicate that for both clay and sandy soils a risk is identified using added-risk approach, with PEC values being above the PNECsoil of 26 mg/kg.
Rezultati, dobljeni z uporabo pristopa dodanega tveganja, kažejo na tveganje v glinenih in peščenih tleh, pri čemer vrednosti PEC presegajo vrednost PNECtla , ki je 26 mg/kg.
D-48308 Senden-Bösensell Germany aniMedica Enteroxid N Zinc oxide Colistin sulfate
D-48308 Senden-Bösensell Germany aniMedica Enteroxid N cinkov oksid kolistinijev sulfat
However, differences between the 2500 ppm and the 4000 ppm groups were not observed in this respect.
Pri tem ni bilo razlik med skupinama, ki sta prejemali 2 500 ppm ali 4 000 ppm cinka.
Yet, for higher application rates than those reported using the IDMM (EFSA, 2012)20 extrapolation is required, and the relationship between the zinc loading rate and the PEC values calculated by the IDMM is not linear, which could question the validity of the extrapolated PECs at the highest zinc application rates.
Vendar je pri odmerkih, večjih od odmerkov, o katerih so poročali pri uporabi modela IDMM (EFSA, 2012),20 potrebna ekstrapolacija, povezava med stopnjo obremenitve s cinkom in vrednostmi PEC, izračunanimi z modelom IDMM, pa ni linearna, kar lahko povzroča pomisleke glede veljavnosti ekstrapoliranih vrednosti PEC pri največjih odmerkih cinka.
No study was provided to demonstrate the efficacy for the treatment of post-weaning diarrhoeas in piglets.
Predložena ni bila nobena študija, ki bi dokazala učinkovitost pri zdravljenju driske po odstavitvi pri prašičkih.