natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
This study was considered as being not valid, because: the reliability of the study cannot be evaluated; the study design and test requirements did not comply with the OECD guideline no. 307; the test substance concentrations were determined on one sample point only at day 63, consequently dissipation kinetics are not available and a sound DT50 cannot be derived; and, the reported DT50 of approximately 63 days is only a very rough estimation.
Študija je štela za neveljavno zaradi naslednjih razlogov: zanesljivosti študije ni mogoče oceniti, zasnova študije in preskusne zahteve niso bile v skladu s smernico OECD št. 307, koncentracije testne snovi so določali na enem vzorčnem mestu samo 63. dan, zato kinetika razkroja ni na voljo in zanesljive vrednosti DT50 ni mogoče izpeljati, poročana vrednost DT50 približno 63 dni je le zelo groba ocena.
Treatments should be administered only when necessary and should be based on faecal egg counts or evaluation of the risk of infestation at the animal and/or herd level.
Zdravljenje se sme izvajati le, ko je potrebno, temeljiti pa mora na številu jajčec v blatu ali ovrednotenju tveganja za infestacijo na ravni živali in/ali črede.
• Indication for seasonal variation of the moxidectin concentrations due to different temperature, humidity, soil properties and, if applicable, for regional variation as well.
• Navedbe sezonskih nihanj koncentracij moksidektina zaradi različnih temperatur, vlage, lastnosti tal in, kjer je ustrezno, tudi zaradi razlik med regijami.
As no valid and reliable higher Tier studies were provided, the PNECs derived from the Tier A standard laboratory studies with spiked cattle manure are used for further risk assessment for all target species.
Ker niso bile predložene nobene veljavne in zanesljive študije višjih stopenj, se za nadaljnjo oceno tveganja za vse ciljne vrste uporabljajo vrednosti PNEC, izpeljane iz standardnih laboratorijskih študij stopnje A z gnojem goveda z dodano učinkovino.
No appropriate risk mitigation measures can be established for dung fauna, hence, warning sentences should be included in the product information.
Za organizme v gnoju ni mogoče vzpostaviti nobenih primernih ukrepov za zmanjšanje tveganja, zato je treba v informacije o zdravilu vključiti opozorilni stavek.
Germany was of the opinion that a potential serious risk to the environment may arise from the use of veterinary medicinal products containing moxidectin and consequently, action should be taken at EU level since veterinary medicinal products containing moxidectin are authorised in the majority of the EU/EEA Member States.
Nemčija je menila, da uporaba zdravil za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki vsebujejo moksidektin, lahko pomeni morebitno resno tveganje za okolje, zato je treba ukrepati na ravni EU, saj so zdravila za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki vsebujejo moksidektin, odobrena v večini držav članic EU/EGP.
In a second study with Raphidocelis subcapitata over 72 hours, no inhibition in the growth was noted at 86.9 µg/l, the highest concentration tested.
V drugi študiji z algami Raphidocelis subcapitata v obdobju 72 ur pri najvišji testirani koncentraciji 86,9 µg/l niso opazili zavrtja rasti.
The third acute study following the same procedures was conducted in bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus).
Tretjo akutno študijo so po istih postopkih opravili na sončnem ostrižu (Lepomis macrochirus).
More importantly, moxidectin poses a hazard due to its PBT properties that can neither be eliminated by risk mitigation measures nor can the emission into the environment be prevented.
Še pomembneje je, da je moksidektin nevaren zaradi lastnosti PBT, ki jih ni mogoče odpraviti z ukrepi za zmanjšanje tveganja, prav tako pa ni mogoče preprečiti emisij v okolje.
Transformation of moxidectin in soil will indeed be faster at higher temperatures but even at 20 °C, as in the laboratory degradation study in soil, moxidectin was shown to be persistent in sandy soil.
Pretvorba moksidektina v tleh bo res hitrejša pri višjih temperaturah, vendar so tudi pri 20 °C, kot v laboratorijski študiji razgradnje, dokazali, da je moksidektin v peščenih tleh obstojen.
The product should be used only according to the label instructions.
Zdravilo se sme uporabljati le v skladu z navodili za uporabo.
The marketing authorisation holders considered that degradation rates at 12 °C are overly conservative and do not reflect likely degradation rates under normal conditions of use.
Imetniki dovoljenj za promet z zdravilom so menili, da so hitrosti razgradnje pri 12 °C preveč konservativne in ne odražajo verjetnih hitrosti razgradnje v normalnih pogojih uporabe.
The EC50 and the NOEC were established as >86.9 µg/l and 86.9 µg/l.
Vrednost EC50 je bila določena kot > 86,9 µg/l, vrednost NOEC pa kot 86,9 µg/l.
Moxidectin is an anthelmintic macrocyclic lactone endectocide that is widely used in veterinary medicine.
Moksidektin je antihelmintični makrociklični laktonski endektocid, ki se pogosto uporablja v veterinarski medicini.
Delete, where applicable, the following sentence: ‘Risk to dung fauna may be reduced by avoiding treatment that coincides with periods of local high activity of dung beetles.
Kjer je ustrezno, izbrišite naslednji stavek: „Tveganje za organizme v gnoju se lahko zmanjša tako, da se obdobja zdravljenja ne prekrivajo z obdobji visoke lokalne aktivnosti iztrebkarjev.“
The CVMP recommended risk mitigation measures to be included in the product information for all concerned products in order to mitigate the risk to aquatic and sediment organisms, including exclusion times for limited access to water courses for each target species.
Odbor CVMP je priporočil, da se v informacije o zdravilu za vsa zadevna zdravila vključijo ukrepi za zmanjšanje tveganja, da se ublaži tveganja za vodne organizme in organizme v sedimentu, vključno s časi izključenosti za omejen dostop do vodotokov za vsako od ciljnih vrst.
In conclusion, withdrawal of veterinary medicinal products containing moxidectin from the European market would limit the number of adequate therapeutic alternatives which is not considered desirable from a resistance perspective.
Zaključiti je mogoče, da bi umik zdravil za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki vsebujejo moksidektin, z evropskega trga omejil število primernih terapevtskih možnosti, kar z vidika odpornosti ni zaželeno.
List of the names, pharmaceutical forms, strengths of the veterinary medicinal products, animal species, routes of administration, applicants/marketing authorisation holders in the Member States
Seznam imen, farmacevtskih oblik, jakosti zdravil za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, živalskih vrst, poti uporabe in predlagateljev/imetnikov dovoljenj za promet z zdravilom v državah članicah
Earthworms were exposed to moxidectin in artificial soil over a 28-day exposure period, followed by an additional test period of four weeks where the number of offspring hatched from the cocoons was determined.
Deževnike so izpostavili moksidektinu v umetnih tleh za 28 dni, čemur je sledilo dodatno štiritedensko testno obdobje, ko so ugotavljali število potomcev, ki so se izvalili iz kokonov.
The mean DT50 value was 104 days at 20 °C and 222 days normalised to 12 °C.
Povprečna vrednost DT50 je bila 104 dni pri 20 °C in 222 dni, normalizirano na 12 °C.
This is supported by the non-standard degradation study in soil with an estimated DT50 of 63 days at 25 °C (= DT50 of 216.6 days normalised to 12 °C).
To podpira tudi nestandardna študija razgradnje v tleh z ocenjeno DT50 63 dni pri 25 C (= DT50 216,6 dneva, normalizirano na 12 °C).
The Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use (CVMP) was requested to consider whether moxidectin meets the criteria to be classified as a PBT substance and if necessary to provide a recommendation on appropriate measures to prevent emission of moxidectin into the environment.
Zaprosila je, naj Odbor za zdravila za uporabo v veterinarski medicini (CVMP) preuči, ali moksidektin izpolnjuje merila za uvrstitev med snovi PBT, in po potrebi izda priporočilo o ustreznih ukrepih za preprečevanje emisij moksidektina v okolje.
However, on the basis of these studies it was not possible to conclude that abundance and diversity of dung insect populations (flies and beetles) will not be significantly affected by frequent and repeated use of moxidectin containing products over the years.
Vendar na podlagi teh študij ni bilo mogoče zaključiti, da pogosta in večletna ponavljajoča se uporaba zdravil, ki vsebujejo moksidektin, ne bo pomembno vplivala na številčnost in raznolikost populacij insektov v gnoju (muh in hroščev).
In particular, in acute and chronic toxicity studies with algae, crustaceans and fish, moxidectin showed toxicity to these organisms, yielding the following endpoints:
Zlasti pri akutnih in kroničnih študijah strupenosti pri algah, rakih in ribah je bil moksidektin strupen za te organizme, in sicer je imel naslednje vrednosti:
• Different target matrices that should be considered for the occurrence of moxidectin such as dung, surface water/suspended particles, sediment and soil.
• Pri ugotavljanju prisotnosti moksidektina je treba upoštevati različne ciljne matrice, kot so gnoj, površinske vode/suspendirani delci, sediment in tla.
Regarding the inherent toxicity of moxidectin to aquatic organisms, the marketing authorisation holders considered that acute effects as in the acute toxicity test with D. magna, i.e. effects after 48 hours under continuous exposure, are not transferable to the field situation.
Kar zadeva inherentno strupenost moksidektina za vodne organizme, so imetniki dovoljenj za promet z zdravilom presodili, da akutnih učinkov, kot so bili učinki iz testa akutne strupenosti z D. magna, tj. učinkov po 48 urah neprekinjene izpostavljenosti, ni mogoče prenesti v terenske razmere.
Comprehensive PEC calculations have been submitted for the relevant compartments (soil, surface water, sediment, and groundwater) covering cattle, sheep and horses, including the entry pathways run-off from pasture and direct entry to surface waters via excretion for pasture animals.
Celoviti izračuni vrednosti PEC so bili predloženi za ustrezne ekosisteme (tla, površinska voda, sediment in podtalnica), ki zajemajo govedo, ovce in konje, vključno z vstopnimi potmi, kot sta odtekanje s pašnikov in neposreden vstop v površinske vode prek izločanja pri pašnih živalih.
To mitigate this risk, the product should be used only according to the label instructions.
Za zmanjšanje tega tveganja se sme zdravilo uporabljati le v skladu z navodili za uporabo.
Because of the PBT status of moxidectin, emission scenarios have also been presented for stabled animals covering the spreading of manure onto soil.
Ker ima moksidektin oceno PBT, so bili scenariji emisij predstavljeni tudi za živali v hlevu, kar pokriva širjenje gnoja v tla.
The experimental bioconcentration factor of 2543 l/kg is supported by the QSAR modelled bioconcentration factor of 2244 l/kg.
Eksperimentalni biokoncentracijski faktor 2 543 l/kg je podprt z biokoncentracijskim faktorjem 2 244 l/kg na osnovi modela QSAR.
Additionally, a bioconcentration factor of 2244 l/kg was calculated using the following equation in a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model: log BCFfish = 0.85 x logKow -0.70, based on an experimentally derived logKow of 4.766.
Dodatno so izračunali biokoncentracijski faktor 2 244 l/kg na kvantitativnem modelu razmerja med strukturo in aktivnostjo (QSAR) z naslednjo enačbo: log BCFribe = 0,85 x logKow -0,70 na osnovi eksperimentalno določenega logKow 4,766.
Avermectins have a very similar broad spectrum of activity, but partly achieved through different mode of action on glutamate-gated chloride channel receptors in nematode and arthropod cells, and efflux pathways at molecular levels.
Avermektini imajo podobno širok spekter delovanja, ki pa je delno posledica drugačnega načina delovanja na receptorske od glutamata odvisne kloridne kanalčke v celicah glist in členonožcev, ter poti izločanja na molekularni ravni.
A comprehensive risk assessment for moxidectin and dung fauna has been provided.
Predložena je bila celovita ocena tveganja za moksidektin in organizme v gnoju.
A field study should be conducted to generate data on the fate and behaviour of moxidectin in different environmental matrices under actual conditions of use of veterinary medicinal products administered to pasture animals for the prevention/treatment of parasite infestation.
Treba je izvesti terensko študijo za pridobitev podatkov o končnem stanju in obnašanju moksidektina v različnih okoljskih matrikah v dejanskih razmerah uporabe zdravil za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki se dajejo pašnim živalim za preprečevanje/zdravljenje infestacij s paraziti.
The first study was performed in accordance with OECD guideline no. 2026.
Prva študija je bila izvedena v skladu s smernico OECD št. 2026.
At this time it is considered important to maintain the marketing authorisations for veterinary medicinal products containing moxidectin on the European market for the treatment and control of parasitoses in cattle, sheep and horses to reduce the risk of development of resistance in line with responsible use principles.
Trenutno je pomembno, da se na evropskem trgu ohranijo dovoljenja za promet z zdravilom za zdravila za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki vsebujejo moksidektin, za zdravljenje in nadzor parazitoz pri govedu, ovcah in konjih, da se zmanjša tveganje za razvoj odpornosti, v skladu z načeli odgovorne uporabe.
Evaluation and conclusions on the benefit-risk assessment
Vrednotenje in zaključki o oceni razmerja med tveganji in koristmi
The uptake rate constant (k1) and depuration rate constant (k2) were estimated to be 194.7108 and 0.0739, respectively, for the low dose and 165.1532 and 0.0534, respectively, for the high dose.
Konstanta stopnje absorpcije (k1) in konstanta stopnje očiščenja (k2) sta bili ocenjeni na 194,7108 oziroma 0,0739 pri manjšem odmerku ter 165,1532 oziroma 0,0534 pri večjem odmerku.
However, it should be noted that temperatures can also be lower, resulting in slower degradation rates and degradation may also be impaired by low moisture content.
Treba je opozoriti, da so temperature lahko tudi nižje, kar privede do počasnejše razgradnje, razgradnjo pa lahko upočasni tudi nizka vsebnost vlage.
Considering further PEC-refinement (FOCUS SW - calculations and excretion pattern evaluation for risk mitigation measures) the maximum PEC values for the relevant environmental compartments are summarised as follows:
Glede na nadaljnje natančnejše določitve vrednosti PEC (FOCUS SW - izračuni in vrednotenje vzorca izločanja pri določanju ukrepov za zmanjšanje tveganja) so bile najvišje vrednosti PEC za ustrezne ekosisteme naslednje:
Taking into account a default DT50_sediment of 1000 days (as a water/sediment study was not available) one marketing authorisation holder calculated the PECsediment_plateau to be 55.8 µg/kg dry weight.
Z upoštevanjem privzete vrednosti DT50_sediment 1 000 dni (ker študija, opravljena v vodi/sedimentu, ni bila na voljo) je eden od imetnikov dovoljenja za promet z zdravilom izračunal, da je PECsediment_konstantna_vrednost 55,8 µg/kg suhe teže.
The first study on transformation in soil was performed in accordance with OECD guideline no. 3072.
Prva študija o pretvorbi v tleh je bila izvedena v skladu s smernico OECD št. 3072.
53 (cattle, pour-on)
53 (govedo, kožni poliv)
Under the conditions of the study, the 48-hour EC50 value for immobilisation was established as 30.2 ng/l.
V pogojih študije so določili 48-urno vrednost EC50 za imobilizacijo kot 30,2 ng/l.
Furthermore, the marketing authorisation holders argued that bioaccumulation tested under laboratory conditions, i.e. continuous exposure under flow-through conditions, is not reflecting realistic exposure in the field.
Nadalje so imetniki za promet z zdravilom trdili, da kopičenje v organizmih, testirano v laboratorijskih pogojih, tj. neprekinjena izpostavitev v pretočnih pogojih, ne odraža realne izpostavljenosti na terenu.
Any unused veterinary medicinal product or waste material derived from such veterinary medicinal products should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.
Vsako neporabljeno zdravilo za uporabo v veterinarski medicini ali odpadne snovi, ki nastanejo iz teh zdravil, je treba odstraniti v skladu z lokalnimi predpisi.
2 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline for the testing of chemicals no. 307: Aerobic and Anaerobic Transformation in Soil - link respectively, and a moisture content adjusted to 50% of the maximum water holding capacity).
2 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline for the testing of chemicals no. 307: Aerobic and Anaerobic Transformation in Soil - link prilagojeno na 50 % največje zmožnosti zadrževanja vode).
During the refinement steps, processes such as sorption onto soil or partitioning into sediment were also taken into account.
Med natančnejšim določanjem so upoštevali procese, kot sta sorpcija v tla in porazdelitev v sediment.
From a clinical point of view avermectins are considered the most suitable treatment alternative to moxidectin, given the similar spectrum of activity against internal and external parasitic species in cattle, sheep and horses.
S kliničnega stališča so avermektini najprimernejša terapevtska alternativa moksidektinu, saj imajo podoben spekter delovanja proti notranjim in zunanjim vrstam parazitov pri govedu, ovcah in konjih.
In the context of marketing authorisation applications submitted to the German national competent authority, Bundesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit, under Article 13 of Directive 2001/82/EC as amended, i.e., a generic application, for veterinary medicinal products containing moxidectin, as pour-on solution for cattle, a study on bioaccumulation was provided.
V okviru vloge za pridobitev dovoljenja za promet z zdravilom, predložene nemškemu pristojnemu nacionalnemu organu, Bundesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit, v skladu s členom 13 Direktive 2001/82/ES, kakor je bila spremenjena, tj. generične vloge, za zdravila za uporabo v veterinarski medicini, ki vsebujejo moksidektin, v obliki kožnega poliva, raztopine, za govedo, je bila predložena študija kopičenja v organizmih.
The worst-case DT50 was 296.6 days at 12 °C, extrapolated from 139 days at 20 °C in sandy soil.
Najslabša vrednost DT50 je bila 296,6 dneva pri 12 °C, ekstrapolirana iz 139 dni pri 20 °C, v peščenih tleh.
• Faeces containing moxidectin excreted onto pasture by treated animals may temporarily reduce the abundance of dung feeding organisms.
• Blato, ki vsebuje moksidektin in ga zdravljene živali izločijo na pašnik, lahko začasno zmanjša številčnost organizmov, ki se hranijo z gnojem.
The NOEC for bodyweight change, the most sensitive study endpoint, was established as 1 mg/kg.
Vrednost NOEC za spremembo telesne mase, najobčutljivejši opazovani dogodek študije, so določili kot 1 mg/kg.
A comprehensive risk assessment for dung organisms was also provided, resulting in risk quotients (PEC/PNEC) of >5000 and >1000 for dung flies and dung beetles, respectively, indicating a risk for dung fauna.
Predložena je bila tudi celovita ocena tveganja za organizme v gnoju, iz katere so pridobili količnik tveganja (PEC/PNEC) > 5 000 za jesensko muho in > 1 000 za iztrebkarja, kar pomeni, da obstaja tveganje za organizme v gnoju.
Further, a full secondary poisoning assessment was performed for moxidectin by dividing the Predicted Environmental Concentrationoral_predator by the Predicted No Effect Concentrationoral.
Za moksidektin so opravili tudi celovito oceno sekundarne zastrupitve, tako da so delili predvideno koncentracijo v okoljuoralni_plenilec s predvideno koncentracijo brez učinkaperoralno.
A study with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was performed over 72 hours as limit test with 0.5 mg/l corresponding to a mean measured concentration of 0.11 mg/l.
Študijo z algami Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata so izvedli v obdobju 72 ur kot mejni test s koncentracijo 0,5 mg/l, kar ustreza povprečni izmerjeni koncentraciji 0,11 mg/l.
The CVMP considered the results acceptable for use in the derivation of risk mitigation measures for the aquatic and sediment compartment.
Odbor CVMP je preučil rezultate, ki so bili sprejemljivi za uporabo pri izpeljavi ukrepov za zmanjšanje tveganja za vodni in sedimentni ekosistem.
In the second study no effects on D. magna survival and reproduction were seen at a concentration of 10 ng/l over the test period.
V drugi študiji v testnem obdobju učinkov na preživetje in razmnoževanje D. magna pri koncentraciji 10 ng/l niso opazili.
Concerning the assessment of persistence, the high adsorption of moxidectin onto solid particles, its metabolism and biotransformation and abiotic degradation via photolysis were considered, as well as the appropriateness of the transformation studies in soil.
Pri ocenjevanju obstojnosti so upoštevali visoko adsorpcijo moksidektina na trdne delce, njegovo presnovo in biotransformacijo ter abiotsko razgradnjo s fotolizo in še ustreznost študij pretvorbe v tleh.
The bioconcentration factors (BCFs) at the various time intervals were calculated by dividing the fish [3H]-residue concentration (parent equivalents in mg/kg), by the nominal concentration (parent equivalents in mg/l) of [3H]-residues in the test medium.
Biokoncentracijske faktorje (BCF) ob različnih časovnih intervalih so izračunali tako, da so delili koncentracijo [3H]-ostankov v ribah (ustrezna starševska vrednost v mg/kg) z nazivno koncentracijo (ustrezna starševska vrednost v mg/l) [3H]ostankov v testnem mediju.
The 21-day LC50 for parental mortality (based on immobilisation) was determined to be 0.028 μg/l, with complete mortality observed at the highest mean measured test concentration of 0.14 μg/l.
21-dnevno vrednost LC50 za starševsko umrljivost (na podlagi imobilizacije) so določili kot 0,028 μg/l, celotno umrljivostjo pa so opazili pri najvišji povprečni izmerjeni testni koncentraciji 0,14 μg/l.
BCFKL = kinetic bioconcentration factor corrected for 5% lipid content
BCFKL = kinetični biokoncentracijski faktor, korigiran na 5-odstotno vsebnost maščob
Additionally, the Committee recommended that the product information for the concerned products should include information on the hazard posed by moxidectin due to its PBT properties and advice to administer these products only when infestation is confirmed.
Poleg tega je odbor priporočil, da se v informacije o zdravilu za zadevna zdravila vključijo informacije o nevarnosti moksidektina zaradi njegovih lastnosti PBT, in navodilo, naj se ta zdravila uporabljajo le, ko je infestacija potrjena.
The study was conducted over a 28-day post-hatch period under continuous flow conditions.
Študijo so opravili v 28-dnevnem obdobju po izvalitvi v pretočnih pogojih.
While the BCF for moxidectin exceeds the established threshold for classification as a bioaccumulative substance, marketing authorisation holders argued that the metabolism studies in the target animals showed no indication of bioaccumulation, based on a steady decline of moxidectin levels in fat after treatment with half-lives of 9 days for muscle to 12-14 days for fat tissues.
BCF za moksidektin presega uveljavljeno mejno vrednost za uvrstitev med snov, ki se kopiči v organizmih, vendar so imetniki dovoljenja za promet z zdravilom trdili, da v študijah presnove v ciljnih živalih niso našli znakov kopičenja v organizmih, in sicer na podlagi stalnega upadanja ravni moksidektina v maščobi po zdravljenju, z razpolovnima dobama 9 dni v mišicah in 12-14 dni v maščobnem tkivu.
Further PEC refinements were performed by the marketing authorisation holders for each concerned product and for all target animal species and routes of administration by application of the FOCUS models.
Imetniki dovoljenj za promet z zdravilom so v nadaljevanju natančneje določili vrednosti PEC za vsako zadevno zdravilo ter za vse ciljne živalske vrste in poti uporabe, in sicer z uporabo modelov FOCUS.
Considering a DT50_soil of 222 days for 12 °C the PECsoil_plateau has been calculated to 6.15 µg/kg dry weight for the bi-annual application.
Z upoštevanjem DT50_tla 222 dni pri 12 °C so izračunali, da je PECtla_konstantna_vrednost 6,15 µg/kg suhe teže pri uporabi dvakrat na leto.