natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The Norwegian Government does not possess information on the worldwide market shares of the five largest companies on the NCS measured in terms of expected production.
Norveška vlada ni seznanjena z informacijami o svetovnih tržnih deležih petih največjih družb v norveškem epikontinentalnem pasu, izmerjenih glede na pričakovano proizvodnjo.
However, it is reasonable to assume that there is a direct correlation between proven reserves of crude oil and natural gas and expected future production [27].
Vendar je razumno predvidevati, da so dokazane rezerve surove nafte in zemeljskega plina neposredno povezane s pričakovano prihodnjo proizvodnjo [27].
In the light of the available information, the worldwide market shares of the largest companies on the NCS measured in terms of expected production is not likely, in any event, to lead to any change in the Authority’s assessment.
Ob upoštevanju razpoložljivih informacij ni v nobenem primeru verjetno, da bodo svetovni tržni deleži petih največjih družb v norveškem epikontinentalnem pasu, izmerjeni glede na pričakovano proizvodnjo, kakor koli spremenili oceno Nadzornega organa.
In addition, the Authority has considered information on the number of applications for licensing rounds on the NCS and new entrants on the NCS.
Poleg tega je Nadzorni organ upošteval informacije o številu vlog v okviru razpisov za izdajo dovoljenj v norveškem epikontinentalnem pasu in novih udeležencev v norveškem epikontinentalnem pasu.
Figures received from the Norwegian Government on the award of licences in the three last licensing rounds on the NCS (held in 2011 – 2012) show that the number of applications have been up to nine companies for each announced licence.
Glede na podatke, ki jih je zagotovila norveška vlada, o izdaji dovoljenj v okviru zadnjih treh razpisov za izdajo dovoljenj v norveškem epikontinentalnem pasu (ki so potekale med letoma 2011 in 2012) je za vsako objavljeno dovoljenje vloge predložilo do devet družb.
In the period from 2008 – 2012, 13 new entrants were awarded a production licence on the NCS.
V obdobju 2008–2012 so bila dovoljenja za proizvodnjo v norveškem epikontinentalnem pasu izdana trinajstim novim udeležencem.
Thus, the number of companies being awarded a licence on the NCS is considerable [28].
Število družb, ki jim je bilo izdano dovoljenje za norveški epikontinentalni pas, je torej precej visoko [28].
On the basis of the elements above, the degree of concentration on the worldwide market for exploration of crude oil and natural gas must be characterised as low.
Na podlagi zgoraj navedenega je treba stopnjo koncentracije na globalnem trgu iskanja surove nafte in zemeljskega plina označiti kot nizko.
It is likely that companies active in this market are subject to considerable competitive pressure.
Družbe, ki so dejavne na tem trgu, so verjetno pod znatnim konkurenčnim pritiskom.
There is nothing to indicate that the sector is not functioning in a market-driven fashion.
Nič ne kaže na to, da delovanje sektorja ni tržno usmerjeno.
The Authority therefore concludes that the market for exploration of crude oil and natural gas is directly exposed to competition within the meaning of Directive 2004/17/EC.
Nadzorni organ je zato sklenil, da je trg iskanja surove nafte in zemeljskega plina neposredno izpostavljen konkurenci v smislu Direktive 2004/17/ES.
Production of crude oil
Proizvodnja surove nafte
Crude oil is a global commodity and its price is determined by supply and demand on a worldwide basis.
Surova nafta je globalna tržna dobrina, čigar ceno določata ponudba in povpraševanje na svetovni ravni.
According to the established practice of the European Commission [29], the development and production of crude oil is a separate product market, the geographical scope of which is worldwide.
Glede na uveljavljeno prakso Evropske komisije [29] je razvoj in proizvodnja surove nafte ločen trg proizvodov s svetovnim geografskim območjem uporabe.
The Norwegian Government agrees with this market definition [30].
Norveška vlada se strinja s to opredelitvijo trga [30].
The Authority maintains the same market definition for the purposes of this Decision.
Nadzorni organ za namene te odločbe uporablja enako opredelitev trga.
When a discovery of crude oil (or natural gas) is made, the licensees are, if they decide to develop the field, obliged to submit a Plan for Development and Operation (a “PDO”) of the field to the Norwegian Ministry of Petroleum and Energy for approval.
Ob odkritju surove nafte (ali zemeljskega plina) morajo imetniki dovoljenja, če se odločijo za razvoj polja, predložiti načrt za razvoj in delovanje na tem polju v odobritev norveškemu ministrstvu za nafto in energijo.
Fields on the NCS that are primarily producing oil [31] and for which a PDO has been submitted and approved during the last five years are as follows:
Polja v norveškem epikontinentalnem pasu, na katerih se proizvaja predvsem nafta [31] in za katera je bil v zadnjih petih letih predložen in odobren načrt za razvoj in delovanje, so:
(Field name and licence)
(ime polja in dovoljenje)
Awarded to
Družba imetnica dovoljenja
Thus, PDOs for the production of oil covering in total 20 companies have been accepted in the period from 2008 – 2012.
V obdobju 2008–2012 so bili torej za proizvodnjo nafte sprejeti načrti za razvoj in delovanje, ki skupaj zajemajo 20 družb.
Moreover, a PDO covering three new market entrants was accepted by the Ministry of Petroleum and Energy in 2010 [32].
Poleg tega je ministrstvo za nafto in energijo leta 2010 sprejelo načrt za razvoj in delovanje, ki je zajemal tri nove udeležence na trgu [32].
Apart from the Norwegian state-owned companies, the list shows that the licensees are large oil companies as well as smaller companies.
S seznama je razvidno, da so, poleg družb v lasti države Norveške, imetnice dovoljenj velike in manjše naftne družbe.
The Norwegian Government submits that most of the oil companies on the NCS are part of corporations with a diversified global business portfolio.
Norveška vlada je navedla, da je večina naftnih družb v norveškem epikontinentalnem pasu del korporacij z razpršenim globalnim poslovnim portfeljem.
The figure below shows the volume of sale of crude oil in 2009 from the NCS.
Slika spodaj prikazuje obseg prodaje surove nafte z območja norveškega epikontinentalnega pasu leta 2009.
Volume of sale of crude oil in 2009 from the NCS:
Obseg prodaje surove nafte z območja norveškega epikontinentalnega pasu leta 2009:
Figure.
Slika.
The total daily production of oil worldwide in 2011 amounted to 83576 thousand barrels.
Skupna svetovna dnevna proizvodnja nafte je leta 2011 znašala 83576 tisoč sodčkov.
In terms of production of crude oil on the NCS, Statoil accounted for the highest share in 2011.
Leta 2011 je največ surove nafte v norveškem epikontinentalnem pasu proizvedla družba Statoil.
Other producers on the NCS included large international oil companies such as ExxonMobil, Total, ConocoPhillips, Marathon, Shell, BP and Eni.
Drugi proizvajalci v norveškem epikontinentalnem pasu so vključevali velike mednarodne naftne družbe, kot so ExxonMobil, Total, ConocoPhillips, Marathon, Shell, BP in Eni.
The European Commission has in its decisions under Directive 2004/17EC considered that the globalised market of the production of oil is characterised by strong competition among a number of players [35].
Evropska komisija je bila pri svojih odločitvah v okviru Direktive 2004/17/ES mnenja, da je za globalizirani trg proizvodnje nafte značilna močna konkurenca med številnimi akterji [35].
There are no indications that this should have changed during recent years.
Nič ne kaže na to, da bi se to v zadnjih letih spremenilo.
In the light of the elements above, the Authority concludes that there is nothing to indicate that the sector is not functioning in a market-driven fashion, and therefore, that the market for development and production of crude oil is directly exposed to competition within the meaning of Directive 2004/17/EC.
Ob upoštevanju zgoraj navedenega je Nadzorni organ sklenil, da nič ne kaže na to, da delovanje sektorja ni tržno usmerjeno, ter da je zato trg za razvoj in proizvodnjo surove nafte neposredno izpostavljen konkurenci v smislu Direktive 2004/17/ES.
The market for the development, production and wholesale of gas has been examined by the European Commission under the EU Merger Regulation [36] in a number of decisions in which it has considered that there is one market for the upstream supply of gas (comprising also the development and production of gas) to customers in the EEA (i.e. gas produced at the gas fields and sold to customers – including the national incumbents – in the EEA) [37].
Trg za razvoj, proizvodnjo in veleprodajo plina je Evropska komisija proučila pri številnih odločitvah v okviru Uredbe ES o združitvah [36], pri katerih je sklenila, da na začetku prodajne verige obstaja skupni trg (ki zajema tudi razvoj in proizvodnjo plina) za dobavo plina strankam, ki so del EGP (tj. plin, proizveden na plinskih poljih in prodan strankam – vključno z uveljavljenimi nacionalnimi podjetji – ki so del EGP) [37].
LNG versus piped gas
Utekočinjen zemeljski plin v primerjavi s plinom, dobavljenim po plinovodih
Natural gas can be transported through up-stream gas pipelines or by vessels in the form of Liquefied Natural Gas (“LNG”).
Zemeljski plin se lahko dobavlja po pridobivalnih plinovodih ali s plovili v obliki utekočinjenega zemeljskega plina (v nadaljnjem besedilu: UZP).
Norway’s gas export for 2012 was approximately 112 billion cubic meters, of which 107 billion cubic meters was piped gas and 5 billion cubic meters was shipped as LNG [38].
Norveška je leta 2012 izvozila približno 112 milijard kubičnih metrov plina, od katerih je bilo 107 milijard kubičnih metrov prenesenih po plinovodih, 5 milijard kubičnih metrov pa je bilo odpremljenih kot UZP [38].
The Norwegian Government submits that LNG supplies are substitutable and compete directly with piped gas.
Norveška vlada je navedla, da je oskrba z UZP zamenljiva in neposredno konkurira oskrbi po plinovodih.
Once the LNG is regasified it can enter the natural gas pipeline grid interchangeably with the gas that is supplied through pipelines from the upstream fields.
Ko je UZP ponovno uplinjen, lahko vstopi v plinovodsko omrežje zemeljskega plina, pri čemer je zamenljiv s plinom, dobavljenim po plinovodih s pridobivalnih polj.
Regasification capacity in the EEA is approaching 200 billion cubic metres.
Čeprav infrastrukture za ponovno uplinjenje nimajo vse države EGP, zmogljivost za ponovno uplinjenje v zadnjih letih močno narašča in bo v EGP kmalu dosegla 200 milijard kubičnih metrov.
With the expansion of the pipeline network, LNG is becoming available to an increasing number of EEA customers.
S širjenjem plinovodskega omrežja postaja UZP razpoložljiv vedno večjemu številu strank v EGP.
The European Commission has in recent decisions left open the question whether LNG supplied gas should be distinguished from supplies of piped gas [39].
Evropska komisija je v svojih zadnjih odločbah pustila odprto vprašanje, ali bi bilo treba plin, dobavljen kot UZP, razlikovati od plina, dobavljenega po plinovodih [39].
For the purpose of the present Decision, the Authority finds that the question of whether a distinction should be made between piped gas and LNG can likewise be left open.
Nadzorni organ ugotavlja, da se lahko vprašanje, ali je treba razlikovati med plinom, dobavljenim po plinovodih, in UZP, pusti odprto tudi za namene te odločbe.
High Calorific Value versus Low Calorific Value
Visoka kalorična vrednost v primerjavi z nizko kalorično vrednostjo
Downstream there are separate networks in place for the distribution of HCV gas and LCV gas and end-users are connected to the appropriate grid for their supply.
Na koncu prodajne verige so ločena omrežja za distribucijo plina z visoko kalorično vrednostjo in plina z nizko kalorično vrednostjo, pri čemer so končni uporabniki povezani z ustreznim omrežjem za oskrbo.
HCV gas can be converted to LCV gas and vice versa.
Plin z visoko kalorično vrednostjo je mogoče pretvoriti v plin z nizko kalorično vrednostjo in obratno.
Norwegian gas producers supply gas of the HCV type.
Norveški proizvajalci plina dobavljajo plin z visoko kalorično vrednostjo.
The Norwegian Government submits that the level of substitutability between LCV gas and HCV gas should imply that these products fall within the same gas supply market from an upstream perspective.
Norveška vlada navaja, da bi morala stopnja zamenljivosti med plinom z nizko kalorično vrednostjo in plinom z visoko kalorično vrednostjo pomeniti, da z vidika dobave na začetku prodajne verige ta izdelka spadata na isti trg oskrbe s plinom.
It is also submitted that the supply of LCV gas make up a relatively small part of the total supply of gas to the EEA: some 10 %.
Navaja tudi, da oskrba s plinom z nizko kalorično vrednostjo predstavlja razmeroma majhen del celotne oskrbe strank EGP s plinom – približno 10 %.
For the purpose of the present Decision, the Authority finds that the question of whether a distinction should be made between HCV gas and LCV gas can be left open.
Nadzorni organ ugotavlja, da se lahko vprašanje, ali je treba razlikovati med plinom z visoko kalorično vrednostjo in plinom z nizko kalorično vrednostjo, za namene te odločbe pusti odprto.
Conclusion on product market definition
Sklep o opredelitvi proizvodnega trga
With respect to the product market definition, for the purposes of this Decision, the Authority considers that there is one market for the upstream supply of gas (comprising also the development and production of gas).
V zvezi z opredelitvijo proizvodnega trga Nadzorni organ za namene te odločbe meni, da obstaja skupni trg za dobavo plina na začetku prodajne verige (zajema tudi razvoj in proizvodnjo plina).
The questions whether LNG or LCV gas are included in the relevant product market are immaterial to the outcome of this Decision.
Vprašanje, ali je plin z nizko kalorično vrednostjo ali plin z visoko kalorično vrednostjo vključen v upoštevni proizvodni trg, za izid te odločbe ni pomembno.
The Norwegian Government submits that the three gas market directives have created a liberalised and integrated natural gas market in North-West Europe.
Norveška vlada navaja, da so tri direktive o trgu s plinom v severozahodni Evropi ustvarile liberaliziran in integriran trg z zemeljskim plinom.
Once the gas has reached the border of the European internal market, it is submitted, it will flow freely to where it is needed according to the sources of supply and demand.
Ko plin doseže mejo evropskega notranjega trga, je po navedbah prosto usmerjen tja, kjer je potreben glede na vire ponudbe in povpraševanja.
Of the pipeline export of gas from the NCS, some 70 % was transported to receiving terminals in Germany and the UK, the remaining share to terminals in Belgium and France.
Približno 70 % plina, ki je bil iz norveškega epikontinentalnega pasu izvožen po plinovodih, je bilo prenesenih na sprejemne terminale v Nemčiji in Združenem kraljestvu, preostali delež pa na terminale v Belgiji in Franciji.
Pipeline gas from Norway is sold via pipeline connections and swap-agreements to an additional number of EEA States: more than 10 EEA States in total.
Plin z Norveške, ki se dobavlja po plinovodih, se prek plinovodnih povezav in pogodb o zamenjavi prodaja tudi nekaterim drugim državam EGP, in sicer skupaj več kot desetim državam EGP.
Of the LNG production from the NCS, some two-thirds has historically been sold to the EEA.
V preteklosti sta se državam EGP prodajali približno dve tretjini UZP, proizvedenega v norveškem epikontinentalnem pasu.
This means that almost all Norwegian gas is exported to the EEA.
To pomeni, da se skoraj ves plin z Norveške izvaža v države EGP.
Furthermore, the Norwegian Government submits that gas buyers in the EEA have a number of different supply sources available.
Poleg tega norveška vlada navaja, da imajo kupci plina v EGP na voljo številne različne vire oskrbe.
These include both gas from the EU (typically Denmark, Netherlands, and the UK) or from neighbouring countries (typically Russia, Algeria, and Libya in addition to Norway) or from countries further afield (for example, the Middle East countries or Nigeria, in the form of LNG).
Ti vključujejo plin iz EU (običajno z Danske, Nizozemske in iz Združenega kraljestva) ali iz sosednjih držav (poleg Norveške običajno iz Rusije, Alžirije in Libije) ali drugih držav (na primer držav Bližnjega vzhoda ali Nigerije, v obliki UZP).
The Norwegian Government also submits that hubs both in the UK and on the European continent are increasingly liquid and price formation on the different hubs show that a considerable level of integration has been reached.
Norveška vlada tudi navaja, da je na vozliščih v Združenem kraljestvu in na evropski celini vedno bolj prisoten UZP, pri čemer je na podlagi oblikovanja cen na različnih vozliščih razvidno, da je bila dosežena znatna stopnja integracije.
Regardless of the geographic definition considered, that concentration would not give rise to competitive concerns in the market for upstream supply of gas.
Ne glede na zadevno geografsko opredelitev velja, da koncentracija z vidika konkurence na trgu dobave plina na začetku prodajne verige ni zaskrbljujoča.
For the purpose of the present Decision, and for the reasons set out below, the Authority finds that it is not necessary to decide on the exact scope of the geographical market for natural gas.
Za namene te odločbe in zaradi spodaj navedenih razlogov Nadzorni organ ugotavlja, da ni potrebno sprejeti odločitve o natančnem območju uporabe geografskega trga zemeljskega plina.
Under any reasonable geographic market delineation the Authority holds that the sector concerned is directly exposed to competition.
Nadzorni organ trdi, da je v okviru kakršne koli razumne geografske zamejitve trga zadevni sektor neposredno izpostavljen konkurenci.
When a discovery of natural gas (or crude oil) is made, the licensees are, if they decide to develop the field, obliged to submit a Plan for Development and Operation (a “PDO”) of the field to the Norwegian Ministry of Petroleum and Energy for approval.
Ob odkritju zemeljskega plina (ali surove nafte) morajo imetniki dovoljenja, če se odločijo za razvoj polja, predložiti načrt za razvoj in delovanje na tem polju v odobritev norveškemu Ministrstvu za nafto in energijo.
The fields that are primarily producing gas on the NCS [41], and for which a PDO has been submitted and approved the last few years, are as follows:
Polja v norveškem epikontinentalnem pasu, na katerih se proizvaja predvsem plin [41] ter za katera je bil v zadnjih nekaj letih predložen in odobren načrt za razvoj in delovanje, so:
PDOs for the production of gas covering in total 14 companies have been accepted during the period from 2008 – 2012.
V obdobju 2008–2012 so bili za proizvodnjo plina sprejeti načrti za razvoj in delovanje, ki vključujejo skupaj 14 družb.
PDOs covering three new entrants have been accepted in the period from 2009 – 2011 [42].
Načrti za razvoj in delovanje, ki vključujejo tri nove udeležence, so bili sprejeti v obdobju 2009–2011 [42].
More than 25 companies on the NCS export gas to the EEA [43].
Več kot 25 družb v norveškem epikontinentalnem pasu izvaža plin v države EGP [43].
In 2011, the production of gas in Norway amounted to 101,4 billion cubic meters representing 3,1 % of the world-wide production [44].
Proizvodnja plina na Norveškem je leta 2011 znašala 101,4 milijarde kubičnih metrov, kar predstavlja 3,1 % svetovne proizvodnje [44].
More than 95 % of the production on the NCS is exported to the EEA via gas pipelines to six landing points in four countries (the UK, Germany, Belgium, and France) [45].
Več kot 95 % proizvodnje v norveškem epikontinentalnem pasu se izvaža v države EGP, in sicer prek plinovodov do šestih pristajalnih terminalov v štirih državah (Združenem kraljestvu, Nemčiji, Belgiji in Franciji) [45].
Approximately 1,4 billion cubic meters (less than 2 %) of the gas produced on the NCS was consumed domestically in Norway.
Približno 1,4 milijarde kubičnih metrov (manj kot 2 %) plina, proizvedenega v norveškem epikontinentalnem pasu, je bilo porabljene na domačem trgu na Norveškem.
There are a number of independent companies who are active in the production of gas on the NCS.
Na področju proizvodnje plina v norveškem epikontinentalnem pasu so dejavne številne neodvisne družbe.
Moreover, new companies are accepted as licensees.
Poleg tega se kot imetnice dovoljenj sprejemajo nove družbe.
The five largest gas producing companies on the NCS, measured in terms of annual production level, are: Petoro, Statoil, Exxon Mobil, Total and Shell.
Pet največjih družb za proizvodnjo plina v norveškem epikontinentalnem pasu glede na letno raven proizvodnje vključuje: Petoro, Statoil, Exxon Mobil, Total in Shell.
Statoil is the largest gas-producing company on the NCS.
Statoil je največja družba za proizvodnjo plina v norveškem epikontinentalnem pasu.
The three largest gas-producing companies’ combined share of total production of gas on the NCS does not exceed 50 % [46].
Skupni delež skupne proizvodnje plina treh največjih družb za proizvodnjo plina v norveškem epikontinentalnem pasu ne presega 50 % [46].
The EU Member States consume about 500 billion cubic metres gas per year.
Države članice EU porabijo približno 500 milijard kubičnih metrov plina na leto.
According to Eurogas [47], in 2011, gas supplies from the EU Member States accounted for 33 % of total net supplies, followed by Russia (24 %), Norway (19 %) [48] and Algeria (9 %), delivered both by pipeline and as LNG.
Po podatkih družbe Eurogas [47] je leta 2011 oskrba s plinom iz držav članic EU znašala 33 % skupne neto oskrbe, sledile pa so ji Rusija (24 %), Norveška (19 %) [48] in Alžirija (9 %), pri čemer se je plin dobavljal po plinovodih in kot UZP.
Other sources from different parts of the world contributed the remaining 15 %.
Preostalih 15 % so prispevali drugi viri iz različnih delov sveta.
All licensees on the NCS are responsible for selling their own gas.
Vsi imetniki dovoljenj v norveškem epikontinentalnem pasu so odgovorni za prodajo lastnega plina.
Producing companies on the NCS have gas sales agreements with buyers in a number of EU Member States.
Družbe proizvajalke v norveškem epikontinentalnem pasu so s kupci iz številnih držav članic EU sklenile sporazume o prodaji plina.
The share in 2011 of the total consumption of gas which was provided by Norwegian gas in each of the six EU Member States importing the most gas from the NCS was as follows [49]:
Leta 2011 je bil delež skupne porabe plina, uvoženega iz Norveške, v posameznih šestih državah članicah EU, ki večino plina uvažajo iz norveškega epikontinentalnega pasu, naslednji [49]:
EEA national gas consumption – IHS CERA
Nacionalna poraba plina v državah EGP – IHS CERA.
EEA State
Država EGP
Statoil is the second largest gas supplier to the EEA after Gazprom with approximately 20 % [50] of total EEA consumption.
Družba Statoil je takoj za družbo Gazprom druga največja dobaviteljica plina državam EGP, pri čemer njena prodaja pokriva približno 20 % [50] skupne porabe v državah EGP.
As can be seen from the table above, in the main EEA States to which Norwegian gas is supplied, the NCS suppliers face competition from suppliers who source their gas from other geographical areas.
Kot je razvidno iz zgornje preglednice, se dobavitelji iz norveškega epikontinentalnega pasu v najpomembnejših državah EGP, katerim se dobavlja plin iz Norveške, srečujejo s konkurenco dobaviteljev, ki pridobivajo plin z drugih geografskih območij.
Consequently, buyers at the wholesale level in these EEA States have alternative sources of supply to gas from the NCS.
Tako imajo kupci na ravni veleprodaje v teh državah EGP poleg plina iz norveškega epikontinentalnega pasu na voljo druge vire oskrbe.