natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
In the context of such agreements the parties can also determine the conditions for licensing the fruits of the research and development agreement to third parties.
V okviru takšnih sporazumov lahko stranke tudi določijo pogoje za licenciranje rezultatov, pridobljenih na podlagi sporazumov o raziskavah in razvoju, tretjim.
However, since third party licensees are not party to the research and development agreement, the individual licence agreement concluded with third parties is not covered by the Research and Development Block Exemption.
Vendar pa glede na to, da tretji pridobitelji licence niso stranke sporazuma o raziskavah in razvoju, posamični licenčni sporazumi, ki se sklenejo s tretjimi, niso zajeti s Skupinsko izjemo za sporazume o raziskavah in razvoju.
Such licence agreements are block exempted by the TTBER where they fulfil the conditions of that act.
Takšni licenčni sporazumi so predmet skupinske izjeme v okviru TTBER, če izpolnjujejo pogoje iz navedenega akta.
The Block Exemption on vertical agreements
Skupinska izjema za vertikalne sporazume
The Vertical Block Exemption covers agreements entered into between two or more undertakings each operating, for the purposes of the agreement, at different levels of the production or distribution chain, and relating to the conditions under which the parties may purchase, sell or resell certain goods or services.
Skupinska izjema za vertikalne sporazume zajema sporazume med dvema ali več podjetji, kadar za potrebe sporazuma vsako od teh podjetij deluje na različnih stopnjah proizvodnje ali distribucije in kadar ti sporazumi določajo pogoje, pod katerimi lahko stranke kupujejo, prodajajo ali preprodajajo določeno blago ali storitve.
It thus covers supply and distribution agreements.
Zajema torej sporazume o dobavi in distribuciji.
Given that the TTBER only covers agreements between two parties and that a licensee, selling products incorporating the licensed technology, is a supplier for the purposes of the Vertical Block Exemption, these two block exemptions are closely related.
Ker TTBER zajema samo sporazume med dvema strankama in ker je pridobitelj licence, ki prodaja izdelke, v katerih je vključena licenčna tehnologija, dobavitelj v smislu Skupinske izjeme za vertikalne sporazume, sta ti dve skupinski izjemi tesno povezani.
The agreement between licensor and licensee is subject to the TTBER whereas agreements concluded between a licensee and buyers are subject to the Vertical Block Exemption and the Guidelines on Vertical Restraints [36].
Sporazum med dajalcem licence in pridobiteljem licence je predmet TTBER, medtem ko so sporazumi, sklenjeni med pridobiteljem licence in kupci, predmet Skupinske izjeme za vertikalne sporazume in Smernic o vertikalnih omejitvah [36].
The TTBER also block exempts agreements between the licensor and the licensee where the agreement imposes obligations on the licensee as to the way in which he must sell the products incorporating the licensed technology.
Na podlagi TTBER so skupinsko izvzeti tudi sporazumi med dajalcem in pridobiteljem licence, če sporazum pridobitelju licence nalaga obveznosti glede načina, na katerega mora prodajati izdelke, ki vključujejo licenčno tehnologijo.
In particular, the licensee can be obliged to establish a certain type of distribution system such as exclusive distribution or selective distribution.
Zlasti je pridobitelju licence lahko naložena obveznost, da vzpostavi določeno vrsto distribucijskega sistema, kot sta na primer izključna distribucija ali selektivna distribucija.
However, the distribution agreements concluded for the purposes of implementing such obligations must, in order to be block exempted, comply with the Vertical Block Exemption.
Vendar pa morajo sporazumi o distribuciji, sklenjeni z namenom izvajanja takšnih obveznosti, izpolnjevati pogoje iz Skupinske izjeme za vertikalne sporazume, da se zanje lahko uporabi skupinska izjema.
For instance, the licensor can oblige the licensee to establish a system based on exclusive distribution in accordance with specified rules.
Dajalec licence lahko na primer od pridobitelja licence zahteva, da vzpostavi sistem izključne distribucije, ki bo temeljil na posebej določenih pravilih.
However, it follows from Article 4(b) of the Vertical Block Exemption) that distributors must be free to make passive sales into the territories of other exclusive distributors.
Vendar pa iz člena 4(b) Skupinske izjeme za vertikalne sporazume izhaja, da mora biti distributerjem dovoljena pasivna prodaja na ozemljih drugih izključnih distributerjev.
Furthermore, distributors must in principle be free to sell both actively and passively into territories covered by the distribution systems of other licensees producing their own products on the basis of the licensed technology.
Poleg tega mora biti distributerjem v načelu omogočeno, da aktivno in tudi pasivno prodajajo na ozemljih, zajetih z distribucijskimi sistemi drugih pridobiteljev licenc, ki svoje lastne izdelke proizvajajo na podlagi licenčne tehnologije.
This is because for the purposes of the Vertical Block Exemption each licensee is a separate supplier.
To pa zato, ker je za namene Skupinske izjeme o vertikalnih sporazumih vsak pridobitelj licence samostojen dobavitelj.
However, the reasons underlying the block exemption contained in that act may also apply where the products incorporating the licensed technology are sold by the licensees under a common brand belonging to the licensor.
Vendar lahko razlogi, ki dopuščajo skupinsko izjemo v okviru navedenega akta, veljajo tudi v primerih, ko pridobitelji licence prodajajo izdelke, ki vključujejo licenčno tehnologijo, pod skupno znamko, ki pripada dajalcu licence.
When the products incorporating the licensed technology are sold under a common brand identity there may be the same efficiency reasons for applying the same types of restraints between licensees’ distribution systems as within a single vertical distribution system.
Če se izdelki, ki vključujejo licenčno tehnologijo, prodajajo pod skupno znamko, se lahko omejitve, ki se uporabljajo med distribucijskimi sistemi pridobiteljev licence, iz istih, z učinkovitostjo povezanih razlogov uporabijo tudi znotraj enega samega vertikalnega distribucijskega sistema.
In such cases the EFTA Surveillance Authority would be unlikely to challenge restraints where by analogy the requirements of the Vertical Block Exemption are fulfilled.
V takšnih primerih ni verjetno, da bi Nadzorni organ EFTA izpodbijal omejitve, če so po analogiji izpolnjene zahteve iz Skupinske izjeme za vertikalne sporazume.
For a common brand identity to exist the products must be sold and marketed under a common brand, which is predominant in terms of conveying quality and other relevant information to the consumer.
Da bi obstajala skupna identiteta znamke, se morajo izdelki prodajati in tržiti pod skupno znamko, ki bolj kot katera koli druga sporoča kakovost in druge, za potrošnika pomembne informacije.
It does not suffice that in addition to the licensees’ brands the product carries the licensor’s brand, which identifies him as the source of the licensed technology.
Ne zadostuje, da izdelek poleg znamke pridobiteljev licence nosi tudi znamko dajalca licence, ki slednjega opredeljuje kot vir licenčne tehnologije.
The safe harbour established by the Block Exemption
Varni pristan, vzpostavljen s skupinsko izjemo
According to Article 3 of the TTBER the block exemption of restrictive agreements is subject to market share thresholds, confining the scope of the block exemption to agreements that although they may be restrictive of competition can generally be presumed to fulfil the conditions of Article 53(3) of the EEA Agreement.
V skladu s členom 3 TTBER je skupinska izjema za omejevalne sporazume pogojena s pragovi tržnih deležev, s katerimi se obseg skupinske izjeme omeji na sporazume, za katere se na splošno lahko domneva, da izpolnjujejo pogoje iz člena 53(3) Sporazuma EGP, tudi če omejujejo konkurenco.
Outside the safe harbour created by the market share thresholds individual assessment is required.
Zunaj varnega pristana skupinske izjeme, ustvarjenega s pragovi tržnih deležev, je potrebna posamična presoja sporazumov.
The fact that market shares exceed the thresholds does not give rise to any presumption either that the agreement is caught by Article 53(1) or that the agreement does not fulfil the conditions of Article 53(3).
Dejstvo, da tržni deleži presegajo pragove, ne vodi do nikakršne domneve, da je sporazum zajet s prepovedjo iz člena 53(1) ali da ne izpolnjuje pogojev iz člena 53(3).
In the absence of hardcore restrictions, market analysis is required.
Če sporazum ne vsebuje nedopustnih omejitev, se mora izvesti tržna analiza.
The market share threshold to be applied for the purpose of the safe harbour of the TTBER depends on whether the agreement is concluded between competitors or non-competitors.
Uporaba posameznih pragov tržnih deležev za namene varnega pristana TTBER je odvisna od tega, ali je bil sporazum sklenjen med konkurenti ali nekonkurenti.
For the purposes of the TTBER undertakings are competitors on the relevant technology market when they license competing technologies.
Za namene TTBER so podjetja konkurenti na upoštevnem tehnološkem trgu, kadar licencirajo konkurenčne tehnologije.
Potential competition on the technology market is not taken into account for the application of the market share threshold or the hardcore list.
Potencialna konkurenca na tehnološkem trgu se ne upošteva pri uporabi pragov tržnih deležev ali seznama nedopustnih omejitev.
Outside the safe harbour of the TTBER potential competition on the technology market is taken into account but does not lead to the application of the hardcore list relating to agreements between competitors (see also paragraph 31 above).
Zunaj varnega pristana TTBER se potencialna konkurenca na tehnološkem trgu upošteva, vendar ne vodi do uporabe seznama nedopustnih omejitev, ki se nanaša na sporazume med konkurenti (glej tudi odstavek 31 zgoraj).
Undertakings are competitors on the relevant product market where both undertakings are active on the same product and geographic market(s) on which the products incorporating the licensed technology are sold (actual competitors).
Podjetji sta konkurenta na upoštevnem proizvodnem trgu, kadar sta obe dejavni na istem(-ih) proizvodnem(-ih) in geografskem(-ih) trgu(-ih), na katerih se prodajajo izdelki, ki vključujejo licenčno tehnologijo (dejanska konkurenta).
They are also considered competitors where they would be likely, on realistic grounds, to undertake the necessary additional investments or other necessary switching costs to enter the relevant product and geographic market(s) within a reasonably short period of time [37] in response to a small and permanent increase in relative prices (potential competitors).
Prav tako podjetji veljata za konkurenta, če je mogoče realno pričakovati, da bosta v primeru majhnega in trajnega povišanja zadevnih cen v sorazmerno kratkem času [37] opravili potrebne dodatne naložbe ali prevzeli druge potrebne stroške prehoda za vstop na upoštevni(-e) proizvodni(-e) in geografski(-e) trg(-e) (potencialna konkurenta).
It follows from paragraphs 66 and 67 that two undertakings are not competitors for the purposes of the TTBER where the licensor is neither an actual nor a potential supplier of products on the relevant market and the licensee, already present on the product market, is not licensing out a competing technology even if he owns a competing technology and produces on the basis of that technology.
Iz odstavkov 66 in 67 izhaja, da podjetji nista konkurenta za namene TTBER, če dajalec licence ni ne dejanski ne potencialni dobavitelj izdelkov na upoštevnem trgu in pridobitelj licence, ki je že prisoten na proizvodnem trgu, ne licencira konkurenčne tehnologije, četudi je lastnik konkurenčne tehnologije in proizvaja na podlagi navedene tehnologije.
However, the parties become competitors if at a later point in time the licensee starts licensing out his technology or the licensor becomes an actual or potential supplier of products on the relevant market.
Vendar pa stranki postaneta konkurenta, če pridobitelj licence pozneje začne licencirati svojo tehnologijo ali dajalec licence postane dejanski ali potencialni dobavitelj izdelkov na upoštevnem trgu.
In that case the hardcore list relevant for agreements between non-competitors will continue to apply to the agreement unless the agreement is subsequently amended in any material respect, see Article 4(3) of the TTBER and paragraph 31 above.
V navedenem primeru se za sporazum še naprej uporablja seznam nedopustnih omejitev, ki se nanaša na sporazume med nekonkurenti, razen v primeru, da se sporazum naknadno spremeni v bistvenih točkah (glej člen 4(3) TTBER in odstavek 31 zgoraj).
In the case of agreements between competitors the market share threshold is 20 % and in the case of agreements between non-competitors it is 30 % (cf. Article 3(1) and (2) of the TTBER).
Za sporazume med konkurenti velja 20-odstotni prag tržnega deleža, pri sporazumih med nekonkurenti pa ta prag znaša 30 % tržnega deleža (glej člen 3(1) in (2) TTBER).
Where the undertakings party to the licensing agreement are not competitors the agreement is covered if the market share of neither party exceeds 30 % on the affected relevant technology and product markets.
Kadar podjetji, ki sta stranki licenčnega sporazuma, nista konkurenta, je sporazum zajet v skupinski izjemi, če tržni delež nobene izmed strank ne presega 30 % na zadevnih upoštevnih tehnoloških in proizvodnih trgih.
Where the undertakings party to the licensing agreement are competitors the agreement is covered if the combined market shares of the parties do not exceed 20 % on the relevant technology and product markets.
Kadar sta podjetji, ki sta stranki licenčnega sporazuma, konkurenta, je sporazum zajet v skupinski izjemi, če skupni tržni delež strank ne presega 20 % na upoštevnih tehnoloških in proizvodnih trgih.
The market share thresholds apply both to technology markets and markets for products incorporating the licensed technology.
Pragovi tržnih deležev se uporabljajo za tehnološke trge in tudi za trge izdelkov, ki vključujejo licenčno tehnologijo.
If the applicable market share threshold is exceeded on an affected relevant market, the block exemption does not apply to the agreement for that relevant market.
Če je veljavni prag tržnega deleža na nekem zadevnem upoštevnem trgu presežen, skupinska izjema ne velja za sporazum na tem upoštevnem trgu.
For instance, if the licence agreement concerns two separate product markets or two separate geographic markets, the block exemption may apply to one of the markets and not to the other.
Če na primer licenčni sporazum zadeva dva ločena proizvodna trga ali dva ločena geografska trga, se lahko skupinska izjema uporablja za en trg, medtem ko se za drugi trg ne uporablja.
In the case of technology markets, it follows from Article 3(3) of the TTBER that the licensor’s market share is to be calculated on the basis of the sales of the licensor and all his licensees of products incorporating the licensed technology and this for each relevant market separately [38].
V zvezi s tehnološkimi trgi iz člena 3(3) TTBER izhaja, da se tržni delež dajalca licence izračuna na osnovi podatkov o vrednosti prodaje izdelkov, ki vključujejo licenčno tehnologijo, s strani dajalca licence in vseh pridobiteljev licence, in sicer za vsak upoštevni trg posebej [38].
Where the parties are competitors on the technology market, sales of products incorporating the licensee’s own technology must be combined with the sales of the products incorporating the licensed technology.
Če sta stranki konkurenta na tehnološkem trgu, je treba vrednosti prodaje izdelkov, ki vključujejo tehnologijo samega pridobitelja licence, prišteti vrednost prodaje izdelkov, ki vključujejo licenčno tehnologijo.
In the case of new technologies that have not yet generated any sales, a zero market share is assigned.
Novim tehnologijam, ki še niso ustvarile prodaje, se pripiše tržni delež nič.
When sales commence the technology will start accumulating market share.
Z začetkom prodaje bo tehnologija začela pridobivati tržni delež.
In the case of product markets, the licensee’s market share is to be calculated on the basis of the licensee’s sales of products incorporating the licensor’s technology and competing products, i.e. the total sales of the licensee on the product market in question.
Pri proizvodnih trgih se tržni delež pridobitelja licence izračuna na podlagi vrednosti prodaje izdelkov s strani pridobitelja licence, ki vključujejo tehnologijo dajalca licence, in konkurenčnih izdelkov, tj. na podlagi vrednosti celotne prodaje pridobitelja licence na danem proizvodnem trgu.
Where the licensor is also a supplier of products on the relevant market, the licensor’s sales on the product market in question must also be taken into account.
Če je dajalec licence hkrati tudi dobavitelj izdelkov na upoštevnem trgu, je treba upoštevati tudi vrednost prodaje dajalca licence na danem proizvodnem trgu.
In the calculation of market shares for product markets, however, sales made by other licensees are not taken into account when calculating the licensee’s and/or licensor’s market share.
Vendar pa se pri izračunu tržnih deležev pridobitelja licence in/ali dajalca licence na proizvodnih trgih ne upošteva vrednost prodaje drugih pridobiteljev licence.
Market shares should be calculated on the basis of sales value data where such data are available.
Tržne deleže je treba izračunati na podlagi podatkov o vrednosti prodaje, če so takšni podatki na voljo.
Such data normally provide a more accurate indication of the strength of a technology than volume data.
Ti podatki so navadno natančnejši pokazatelj moči tehnologije kot podatki o količini.
However, where value based data are not available, estimates based on other reliable market information may be used, including market sales volume data.
Vendar pa se v primeru, da podatki, osnovani na vrednosti prodaje, niso na voljo, lahko uporabijo ocene, ki temeljijo na drugih zanesljivih tržnih informacijah, vključno s tržnimi podatki o prodani količini.
The principles set out above can be illustrated by the following examples:
Zgoraj določena načela se lahko ponazorijo z naslednjimi primeri:
Licensing between non-competitors
Licenciranje med nekonkurenti
Company A is specialised in developing bio-technological products and techniques and has developed a new product Xeran.
Družba A se je specializirala za razvijanje izdelkov in tehnik na področju biotehnologije ter je razvila nov izdelek, imenovan Xeran.
It is not active as a producer of Xeran, for which it has neither the production nor the distribution facilities.
Zadevna družba ni dejavna kot proizvajalec Xerana, saj za to nima ne proizvodnih ne distribucijskih zmogljivosti.
Company B is one of the producers of competing products, produced with freely available non-proprietary technologies.
Družba B je eden od proizvajalcev konkurenčnih izdelkov, ki se proizvajajo s prosto dostopnimi tehnologijami, ki niso zaščitene s pravicami intelektualne lastnine.
In year one, B was selling EUR 25 million worth of products produced with the freely available technologies. In year two, A gives a licence to B to produce Xeran.
V prvem letu je B s prodajo izdelkov, proizvedenih s pomočjo prosto dostopnih tehnologij, ustvarila prihodke v višini 25 milijonov EUR. Drugo leto A podeli licenco družbi B za proizvodnjo Xerana.
In that year B sells EUR 15 million produced with the help of the freely available technologies and EUR 15 million of Xeran. In year three and the following years B produces and sells only Xeran worth EUR 40 million annually. In addition in year two, A is also licensing to C. C was not active on that product market before.
V tem letu B s prodajo izdelkov, proizvedenih s pomočjo prosto dostopnih tehnologij, ustvari prihodke v višini 15 milijonov EUR, in s prodajo Xerana prihodke v višini 15 milijonov EUR. Tretje leto in v naslednjih letih B proizvaja in prodaja samo Xeran, s čimer ustvari letne prihodke v višini 40 milijonov EUR. Poleg tega A drugo leto podeli licenco tudi C, ki pred tem ni bila dejavna na zadevnem proizvodnem trgu.
C produces and sells only Xeran, EUR 10 million in year two and EUR 15 million in year three and thereafter.
C proizvaja in prodaja samo Xeran in s tem ustvari prihodke v višini 10 milijonov EUR v drugem letu ter 15 milijonov EUR tretje leto in pozneje.
It is established that the total market of Xeran and its substitutes where B and C are active is worth EUR 200 million in each year.
Ugotovi se, da se na skupnem trgu za Xeran in nadomestne izdelke, na katerem sta dejavni B in C, vsako leto ustvarijo prihodki od prodaje v skupni višini 200 milijonov EUR.
In year two, the year the licence agreement is concluded, A’s market share on the technology market is 0 % as its market share has to be calculated on the basis of the total sales of Xeran in the preceding year.
Drugo leto, tj. leto, ko se sklene licenčni sporazum, je tržni delež A na tehnološkem trgu 0 %, saj mora biti tržni delež A izračunan na podlagi vrednosti celotnih prihodkov od prodaje Xerana v predhodnem letu.
In year two B’s market share on the product market is 12,5 %, reflecting B’s EUR 25 million sales in year one.
Drugo leto je tržni delež B na proizvodnem trgu 12,5 %, kar odraža prihodke od prodaje s strani B v višini 25 milijonov EUR v prvem letu.
As the licence agreements are between non-competitors and the individual market shares of A, B and C are below 30 % each year, the agreements fall within the safe harbour of the TTBER.
Ker so bili licenčni sporazumi sklenjeni med nekonkurenti in so posamični tržni deleži A, B in C vsako leto pod pragom 30 %, sporazumi spadajo v varni pristan TTBER.
The situation is the same as in example 1, however now B and C are operating in different geographic markets.
Okoliščine so enake kot pri prvem primeru, vendar pa B in C zdaj delujeta na dveh različnih geografskih trgih.
It is established that the total market of Xeran and its substitutes is worth EUR 100 million annually in each geographic market.
Ugotovi se, da skupni trg za Xeran in nadomestne izdelke letno ustvari prihodke v skupni višini 100 milijonov EUR na vsakem izmed geografskih trgov.
In this case, A’s market share on the technology market has to be calculated for each of the two geographic markets.
V tem primeru se mora tržni delež A na tehnološkem trgu izračunati za vsakega od obeh geografskih trgov.
In the market where B is active A’s market share depends on the sale of Xeran by B. As in this example the total market is assumed to be EUR 100 million, i.e. half the size of the market in example 1, the market share of A is 0 % in year two, 15 % in year three and 40 % thereafter.
Na trgu, kjer je dejavna B, je tržni delež A odvisen od prodaje Xerana, ki jo ustvari B. Ker se v tem primeru predpostavlja, da je skupni trg vreden 100 milijonov EUR, tj. polovica velikosti trga iz prvega primera, znaša tržni delež A v drugem letu 0 %, v tretjem letu 15 % in vsa naslednja leta 40 %.
B’s market share is 25 % in year two, 30 % in year three and 40 % thereafter.
Tržni delež B je 25 % v drugem letu, 30 % v tretjem letu in 40 % vsa naslednja leta.
In the market where C is active A’s market share depends on the sale of Xeran by C. A’s market share on the technology market, based on C’s sales in the previous year, is therefore 0 % in year two, 10 % in year three and 15 % thereafter.
Na trgu, kjer je dejavna C, je tržni delež A odvisen od prodaje Xerana, ki jo ustvari C. Zato tržni delež A na tehnološkem trgu, ki je osnovan na ustvarjeni prodaji C v predhodnem letu, znaša 0 % v drugem letu, 10 % v tretjem letu in 15 % vsa naslednja leta.
The market share of C on the product market is the same: 0 % in year two, 10 % in year three and 15 % thereafter.
Tržni delež C na proizvodnem trgu je enak: 0 % v drugem letu, 10 % v tretjem letu in 15 % vsa naslednja leta.
The licence agreement between A and C therefore falls within the safe harbour for the whole period.
Licenčni sporazum med A in C zato cel čas trajanja spada v okvir varnega pristana skupinske izjeme.
Licensing between competitors
Licenciranje med konkurenti