natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
According to Article 4(1)(c)(iii) it is also not a hardcore restriction if the licensor appoints the licensee as his sole licensee in a particular territory, implying that third parties will not be licensed to produce on the basis of the licensor’s technology in the territory in question.
V skladu s členom 4(1)(c)(iii) prav tako ne šteje za nedopustno omejitev, če dajalec licence določi pridobitelja licence kot edinega pridobitelja licence na določenem ozemlju, kar pomeni, da licenca za proizvodnjo na podlagi tehnologije dajalca licence na zadevnem ozemlju ne bo podeljena tretjim.
In the case of such sole licences the block exemption applies irrespective of whether the agreement is reciprocal or not given that the agreement does not affect the ability of the parties to fully exploit their own technology in the respective territories.
V primeru takih t. i. edinih licenc velja skupinska izjema ne glede na to, ali je sporazum vzajemen ali ne, če sporazum ne vpliva na sposobnost strank, da na zadevnih ozemljih v celoti izkoriščajo lastno tehnologijo.
Article 4(1)(c)(v) excludes from the hardcore list and thus block exempts up to the market share threshold restrictions in a non-reciprocal agreement on active sales by a licensee into the territory or to the customer group allocated by the licensor to another licensee.
Člen 4(1)(c)(v) izključuje iz seznama nedopustnih omejitev in v primeru, da ni presežen določeni prag tržnega deleža, vključuje v skupinsko izjemo omejitve v nevzajemnem sporazumu, ki se naložijo pridobitelju licence glede aktivne prodaje na ozemlju ali skupini kupcev, ki ju je dajalec licence dodelil drugemu pridobitelju licence.
It is a condition, however, that the protected licensee was not a competitor of the licensor when the agreement was concluded.
Vendar pa je pogoj, da zaščiteni pridobitelj licence v času sklenitve licenčnega sporazuma ni bil konkurent dajalcu licence.
It is not warranted to hardcore such restrictions.
Ni upravičeno, da se takšne omejitve obravnavajo kot nedopustne omejitve.
By allowing the licensor to grant a licensee, who was not already on the market, protection against active sales by licensees which are competitors of the licensor and which for that reason are already established on the market, such restrictions are likely to induce the licensee to exploit the licensed technology more efficiently.
S tem, ko se dajalcu licence dopušča, da pridobitelja licence, ki še ni bil prisoten na trgu, zaščiti pred aktivno prodajo s strani pridobiteljev licence, ki konkurirajo dajalcu licence in so zato na trgu že prisotni in uveljavljeni, bodo takšne omejitve verjetno spodbudile pridobitelja licence k učinkovitejšemu izkoriščanju licenčne tehnologije.
On the other hand, if the licensees agree between themselves not to sell actively or passively into certain territories or to certain customer groups, the agreement amounts to a cartel amongst the licensees.
Po drugi strani pa v primeru, da se pridobitelji licence med seboj dogovorijo, da ne bodo aktivno ali pasivno prodajali na določenih ozemljih ali določenim skupinam kupcev, sporazum pomeni kartel med pridobitelji licence.
Given that such agreements do not involve any transfer of technology they fall outside the scope of the TTBER.
Ker taki sporazumi ne vključujejo prenosa tehnologije, ne spadajo v področje uporabe TTBER.
According to Article 4(1)(c)(i) restrictions in agreements between competitors that limit the licence to one or more product markets or technical fields of use [44] are not hardcore restrictions.
V skladu s členom 4(1)(c)(i) omejitve v sporazumih med konkurenti, ki licenco omejijo na enega ali več proizvodnih trgov oziroma enega ali več tehničnih področij uporabe [44], niso nedopustne omejitve.
Such restrictions are block exempted up to the market share threshold of 20 % irrespective of whether the agreement is reciprocal or not.
V primeru, da ni presežen 20-odstotni prag tržnega deleža, velja za takšne omejitve skupinska izjema ne glede na to, ali je sporazum vzajemen ali ne.
It is a condition for the application of the block exemption, however, that the field of use restrictions do not go beyond the scope of the licensed technologies.
Vendar pa je uporaba skupinske izjeme pogojena s tem, da omejitve, ki se nanašajo na področja uporabe, ne presegajo področja uporabe licenčnih tehnologij.
It is also a condition that licensees are not limited in the use of their own technology (see Article 4(1)(d)).
Prav tako velja pogoj, da pridobitelji licence niso omejeni pri uporabi lastnih tehnologij (glej člen 4(1)(d)).
Where licensees are limited in the use of their own technology the agreement amounts to market sharing.
Če so pridobitelji licence omejeni pri uporabi lastnih tehnologij, je bistvo sporazuma razdelitev trga.
The block exemption applies irrespective of whether the field of use restriction is symmetrical or asymmetrical.
Skupinska izjema velja ne glede na to, ali je omejitev področja uporabe simetrična ali asimetrična.
An asymmetrical field of use restriction in a reciprocal licence agreement implies that both parties are allowed to use the respective technologies that they license in only within different fields of use.
Asimetrična omejitev področja uporabe v vzajemnem licenčnem sporazumu pomeni, da je obema strankama dovoljena uporaba tehnologij, za kateri sta vsaka posebej pridobili licenco, le znotraj različnih področij uporabe.
As long as the parties are unrestricted in the use of their own technologies, it is not assumed that the agreement leads the parties to abandon or refrain from entering the field(s) covered by the licence to the other party.
Vse dokler stranki nista omejeni pri izkoriščanju lastnih tehnologij, se ne domneva, da bosta zaradi sporazuma opustili ali se vzdržali vstopiti na področje(-a) uporabe, ki je (so) zajeto(-a) z licenco, podeljeno drugi stranki.
Even if the licensees tool up to use the licensed technology within the licensed field of use, there may be no impact on assets used to produce outside the scope of the licence.
Tudi če se pridobitelja licence opremita za izkoriščanje licenčne tehnologije znotraj področja uporabe, zajetega z licenco, ni nujno, da bo to vplivalo na proizvodne zmogljivosti, ki se uporabljajo za proizvodnjo zunaj licenčnega področja.
It is important in this regard that the restriction relates to distinct product markets or fields of use and not to customers, allocated by territory or by group, who purchase products falling within the same product market or technical field of use.
V tem oziru je pomembno, da se omejitev navezuje na različne proizvodne trge ali področja uporabe in ne na kupce, dodeljene na podlagi ozemlja ali skupine, ki kupujejo izdelke iz istega proizvodnega trga ali tehničnega področja uporabe.
The risk of market sharing is considered substantially greater in the latter case (see paragraph 85 above).
V slednjem primeru je tveganje za razdelitev trga znatno večje (glej odstavek 85 spodaj).
In addition, field of use restrictions may be necessary to promote pro-competitive licensing (see paragraph 182 below).
Poleg tega so omejitve v zvezi s področji uporabe lahko nujne za spodbujanje licenciranja, ki bo za konkurenco pozitivno (glej odstavek 182 spodaj).
Article 4(1)(c)(vi) contains a further exception, namely captive use restrictions, i.e. a requirement whereby the licensee may produce the products incorporating the licensed technology only for his own use.
Člen 4(1)(c)(vi) vsebuje dodatno izjemo, namreč omejitve, ki se nanašajo na lastno uporabo, tj. obveznost pridobitelja licence, da proizvaja izdelke, ki vključujejo licenčno tehnologijo, le za lastno uporabo.
Where the contract product is a component the licensee can thus be obliged to produce that component only for incorporation into his own products and can be obliged not to sell the components to other producers.
Če je pogodbeni izdelek sestavni del, je torej pridobitelju licence lahko naložena obveznost, da proizvaja navedeni sestavni del le za namene vgradnje v svoje lastne izdelke in da sestavnega dela ne prodaja drugim proizvajalcem.
The licensee must be able, however, to sell the components as spare parts for his own products and must thus be able to supply third parties that perform after sale services on these products.
Vendar pa mora biti pridobitelju licence omogočeno, da prodaja sestavne dele kot nadomestne dele za svoje lastne izdelke in torej dobavlja tretjim, ki izvajajo poprodajne storitve v zvezi s temi izdelki.
Captive use restrictions as defined may be necessary to encourage the dissemination of technology, particularly between competitors, and are covered by the block exemption.
Omejitve, ki se nanašajo na lastno uporabo, kakor so opredeljene v teh smernicah, so lahko potrebne za spodbujanje razširjanja tehnologije, zlasti med konkurenti, in so zajete s skupinsko izjemo.
Such restrictions are also dealt with in section IV.2.5 below.
Takšne omejitve so obravnavane tudi v podpoglavju IV.2.5 spodaj.
Finally, Article 4(1)(c)(vii) excludes from the hardcore list an obligation on the licensee in a non-reciprocal agreement to produce the contract products only for a particular customer with a view to creating an alternative source of supply for that customer.
Končno člen 4(1)(c)(vii) izključuje iz seznama nedopustnih omejitev obveznost, naloženo pridobitelju licence v nevzajemnem sporazumu, da proizvaja pogodbene izdelke izključno za določenega kupca z namenom oblikovanja alternativnega vira dobave za zadevnega kupca.
It is thus a condition for the application of Article 4(1)(c)(vii) that the licence is limited to creating an alternative source of supply for that particular customer.
Pogoj za uporabo člena 4(1)(c)(vii) je torej, da je licenca omejena na oblikovanje alternativnega vira dobave za tega določenega kupca.
It is not a condition, however, that only one such licence is granted.
Vendar pa ni pogoj, da se podeli samo ena taka licenca.
Article 4(1)(c)(vii) also covers situations where more than one undertaking is licensed to supply the same specified customer.
Člen 4(1)(c)(vii) zajema tudi okoliščine, v katerih se več kot enemu podjetju podeli licenca za dobavljanje istemu kupcu.
The potential of such agreements to share markets is limited where the licence is granted only for the purpose of supplying a particular customer.
Možnost, da bi takšni sporazumi privedli do razdelitve trga, je omejena, če se licenca podeli zgolj za namen dobavljanja točno določenemu kupcu.
In particular, in such circumstances it cannot be assumed that the agreement will cause the licensee to cease exploiting his own technology.
Zlasti v takšnih okoliščinah ni mogoče domnevati, da bo pridobitelj licence zaradi sporazuma prenehal izkoriščati svojo lastno tehnologijo.
The hardcore restriction of competition set out in Article 4(1)(d) covers firstly restrictions on any of the parties’ ability to carry out research and development.
Nedopustna omejitev konkurence, določena v členu 4(1)(d), zajema na prvem mestu omejitve zmožnosti katere koli stranke, da izvaja raziskave in razvoj.
Both parties must be free to carry out independent research and development.
Obe stranki morata imeti pravico izvajati neodvisne raziskave in razvoj.
This rule applies irrespective of whether the restriction applies to a field covered by the licence or to other fields.
To pravilo velja ne glede na to, ali se omejitev nanaša na področje, zajeto z licenco, ali na druga področja.
However, the mere fact that the parties agree to provide each other with future improvements of their respective technologies does not amount to a restriction on independent research and development.
Vendar pa zgolj dejstvo, da sta se stranki dogovorili o medsebojnem zagotavljanju prihodnjih izboljšav njunih tehnologij, ne pomeni omejitve neodvisnih raziskav in razvoja.
The effect on competition of such agreements must be assessed in light of the circumstances of the individual case.
Učinek takšnih sporazumov na konkurenco se mora presoditi glede na okoliščine posamezne zadeve.
Article 4(1)(d) also does not extend to restrictions on a party to carry out research and development with third parties, where such restriction is necessary to protect the licensor’s know-how against disclosure.
Člen 4(1)(d) prav tako ne velja za omejitve, ki so stranki naložene glede izvajanja raziskav in razvoja s tretjimi, če je takšna omejitev potrebna, da se znanje in izkušnje dajalca licence zaščitijo pred razkritjem.
In order to be covered by the exception, the restrictions imposed to protect the licensor’s know-how against disclosure must be necessary and proportionate to ensure such protection.
Omejitve, ki se naložijo z namenom zaščite znanja in izkušenj dajalca licence pred razkritjem, morajo biti nujne za zagotavljanje takšne zaščite in s slednjim sorazmerne, če naj za njih velja izjema.
For instance, where the agreement designates particular employees of the licensee to be trained in and responsible for the use of the licensed know-how, it may be sufficient to oblige the licensee not to allow those employees to be involved in research and development with third parties.
Če sporazum na primer določa zaposlene pri pridobitelju licence, ki se bodo usposabljali in bodo odgovorni za uporabo licenčnega znanja in izkušenj, lahko zadostuje, če se pridobitelju licence naloži obveznost, da zadevnim zaposlenim ne dovoli sodelovanja v raziskavah in razvoju s tretjimi.
Other safeguards may be equally appropriate.
Drugi zaščitni ukrepi so lahko enako primerni.
According to Article 4(1)(d) the licensee must also be unrestricted in the use of his own competing technology provided that in so doing he does not make use of the technology licensed from the licensor.
V skladu s členom 4(1)(d) pridobitelj licence tudi ne sme biti omejen pri uporabi svoje lastne konkurenčne tehnologije, pod pogojem, da pri tem ne uporablja tehnologije, ki mu jo licencira dajalec licence.
In relation to his own technology the licensee must not be subject to limitations in terms of where he produces or sells, how much he produces or sells, and at what price he sells.
Pridobitelj licence ne sme biti omejen v zvezi s svojo lastno tehnologijo v smislu tega, kje proizvaja ali prodaja, koliko proizvede ali proda in po kakšni ceni prodaja.
He must also not be obliged to pay royalties on products produced on the basis of his own technology (cf. paragraph 81 above).
Prav tako se mu ne sme naložiti plačilo licenčnine za izdelke, ki jih proizvaja na podlagi svoje lastne tehnologije (glej odstavek 81 zgoraj).
Moreover, the licensee must not be restricted in licensing his own technology to third parties.
Poleg tega pridobitelj licence ne sme biti omejen pri licenciranju svoje lastne tehnologije tretjim.
When restrictions are imposed on the licensee’s use of his own technology or to carry out research and development, the competitiveness of the licensee’s technology is reduced.
Če so pridobitelju licence naložene omejitve glede uporabe njegove lastne tehnologije ali izvajanja raziskav in razvoja, se konkurenčnost tehnologije pridobitelja licence zmanjša.
The effect of this is to reduce competition on existing product and technology markets and to reduce the licensee’s incentive to invest in the development and improvement of his technology.
To vodi do zmanjšanja konkurence na obstoječih proizvodnih in tehnoloških trgih ter zmanjšanja spodbude za pridobitelja licence, da vlaga v razvoj in izboljšave svoje tehnologije.
Agreements between non-competitors
Sporazumi med nekonkurenti
Article 4(2) lists the hardcore restrictions for licensing between non-competitors.
Člen 4(2) vsebuje seznam nedopustnih omejitev za podeljevanje licenc med nekonkurenti.
According to this provision, the TTBER does not cover agreements which, directly or indirectly, in isolation or in combination with other factors under the control of the parties, have as their object:
V skladu s to določbo TTBER ne zajema sporazumov, ki imajo, neposredno ali posredno, posamično ali skupaj z drugimi dejavniki pod nadzorom strank, za cilj:
the restriction of a party’s ability to determine its prices when selling products to third parties, without prejudice to the possibility to impose a maximum sale price or recommend a sale price, provided that it does not amount to a fixed or minimum sale price as a result of pressure from, or incentives offered by, any of the parties;
omejevanje sposobnosti stranke za določanje cen pri prodaji izdelkov tretjim, ne da bi to posegalo v možnost določanja najvišje prodajne cene ali priporočanja prodajne cene, pod pogojem, da to nima za posledico fiksne ali najnižje prodajne cene zaradi pritiskov ali spodbud katere koli od strank sporazuma;
the restriction of passive sales into an exclusive territory or to an exclusive customer group reserved for the licensor;
omejevanja pasivne prodaje na izključnem ozemlju ali izključni skupini kupcev, rezerviranima za dajalca licence;
the restriction of passive sales into an exclusive territory or to an exclusive customer group allocated by the licensor to another licensee during the first two years that this other licensee is selling the contract products in that territory or to that customer group;
omejevanja pasivne prodaje na izključnem ozemlju ali izključni skupini kupcev, ki ju dajalec licence dodeli drugemu pridobitelju licence v prvih dveh letih, v katerih ta drugi pridobitelj licence prodaja pogodbene izdelke na tem ozemlju ali tej skupini kupcev;
the obligation to produce the contract products only for its own use provided that the licensee is not restricted in selling the contract products actively and passively as spare parts for its own products;
obveznosti, da proizvaja pogodbene izdelke samo za lastno uporabo pod pogojem, da za pridobitelja licence ni omejitve za aktivno in pasivno prodajo pogodbenih izdelkov kot rezervnih delov za njegove lastne izdelke;
the obligation to produce the contract products only for a particular customer, where the licence was granted in order to create an alternative source of supply for that customer;
obveznosti, da proizvaja pogodbene izdelke samo za določenega kupca, kadar je bila licenca podeljena zaradi oblikovanja alternativnega vira dobav za tega kupca;
the restriction of sales to end users by a licensee operating at the wholesale level of trade;
omejevanja prodaje končnim uporabnikom s strani pridobitelja licence, ki se ukvarja z veleprodajo;
the restriction of active or passive sales to end users by a licensee which is a member of a selective distribution system and which operates at the retail level, without prejudice to the possibility of prohibiting a member of the system from operating out of an unauthorised place of establishment.
omejevanje aktivne ali pasivne prodaje končnim uporabnikom s strani pridobitelja licence, ki je član sistema selektivne distribucije in ki se ukvarja z maloprodajo, ne da bi to posegalo v možnost prepovedi članu sistema, da posluje iz nepooblaščene poslovne enote.
The hardcore restriction of competition set out in Article 4(2)(a) concerns the fixing of prices charged when selling products to third parties.
Nedopustna omejitev konkurence, določena v členu 4(2)(a), zadeva določanje cen, ki se zaračunajo pri prodaji izdelkov tretjim.
More specifically, this provision covers restrictions which have as their direct or indirect object the establishment of a fixed or a minimum selling price or a fixed or minimum price level to be observed by the licensor or the licensee when selling products to third parties.
Natančneje, ta določba zajema omejitve, katerih neposredni ali posredni cilj je določanje fiksne ali najnižje prodajne cene oziroma fiksne ali najnižje cenovne ravni, ki jo morata dajalec oziroma pridobitelj licence upoštevati pri prodaji izdelkov tretjim.
In the case of agreements that directly establish the selling price, the restriction is clear-cut.
Pri sporazumih, ki neposredno določajo prodajno ceno, je obstoj omejitve očiten.
However, the fixing of selling prices can also be achieved through indirect means.
Vendar pa se lahko določanje prodajnih cen doseže tudi s posrednimi sredstvi.
Examples of the latter are agreements fixing the margin, fixing the maximum level of discounts, linking the sales price to the sales prices of competitors, threats, intimidation, warnings, penalties, or contract terminations in relation to observance of a given price level.
Primeri slednjega vključujejo določanje marže, določanje najvišje stopnje popustov, vezanje prodajne cene na prodajne cene konkurentov, grožnje, ustrahovanje, opozorila, kazni ali odpoved pogodbe v primeru neupoštevanja dane cenovne ravni.
Direct or indirect means of achieving price fixing can be made more effective when combined with measures to identify price-cutting, such as the implementation of a price monitoring system, or the obligation on licensees to report price deviations.
Neposredna ali posredna sredstva za določanje cen so lahko učinkovitejša, če so združena z ukrepi za odkrivanje zniževanja cen, kot je uvedba sistema za spremljanje cen ali obveznost za pridobitelje licence, da poročajo o cenovnih odstopanjih.
Similarly, direct or indirect price fixing can be made more effective when combined with measures that reduce the licensee’s incentive to lower his selling price, such as the licensor obliging the licensee to apply a most-favoured-customer clause, i.e. an obligation to grant to a customer any more favourable terms granted to any other customer.
Podobno lahko neposredno ali posredno določanje cen postane učinkovitejše, če se združi z ukrepi, ki zmanjšujejo spodbudo pridobitelja licence za znižanje njegovih prodajnih cen, kot je na primer obveznost, ki jo dajalec licence naloži pridobitelju licence, da mora slednji uporabljati klavzule o kupcih z največjimi ugodnostmi, tj. obveznost, da se kupcu zagotovijo kakršne koli ugodnosti, ki so priznane drugim kupcem.
The same means can be used to make maximum or recommended prices work as fixed or minimum selling prices.
Ista sredstva se lahko uporabijo za to, da najvišje ali priporočene cene delujejo kot fiksne ali najnižje prodajne cene.
However, the provision of a list of recommended prices to or the imposition of a maximum price on the licensee by the licensor is not considered in itself as leading to fixed or minimum selling prices.
Vendar pa dejstvo, da dajalec licence pridobitelju licence predloži seznam priporočenih cen ali mu predpiše najvišjo ceno, samo po sebi ne pomeni določanja fiksnih ali najnižjih prodajnih cen.
Article 4(2)(b) identifies as hardcore restrictions of competition agreements or concerted practices that have as their direct or indirect object the restriction of passive sales by licensees of products incorporating the licensed technology [45].
Člen 4(2)(b) opredeljuje kot nedopustne omejitve konkurence sporazume ali usklajena ravnanja, katerih neposredni ali posredni cilj je omejitev pridobitelja licence pri pasivni prodaji izdelkov, ki vključujejo licenčno tehnologijo [45].
Passive sales restrictions on the licensee may be the result of direct obligations, such as the obligation not to sell to certain customers or to customers in certain territories or the obligation to refer orders from these customers to other licensees.
Omejitve pasivne prodaje za pridobitelja licence so lahko rezultat neposrednih obveznosti, kot je obveznost, da ne prodaja določenim kupcem ali kupcem na določenih ozemljih, ali obveznost, da naročila teh kupcev preusmeri na druge pridobitelje licence.
It may also result from indirect measures aimed at inducing the licensee to refrain from making such sales, such as financial incentives and the implementation of a monitoring system aimed at verifying the effective destination of the licensed products.
Prav tako so lahko posledica posrednih ukrepov, namenjenih prepričevanju pridobitelja licence, da se vzdrži take prodaje, kot so finančne spodbude in uvedba kontrolnega sistema, namenjenega preverjanju dejanskega namembnega kraja licenčnih izdelkov.
Quantity limitations may be an indirect means to restrict passive sales.
Omejitve količine so lahko posredno sredstvo za omejitev pasivne prodaje.
The EFTA Surveillance Authority will not assume that quantity limitations as such serve this purpose.
Nadzorni organ EFTA ne bo domneval, da omejitve količine kot take služijo temu namenu.