natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Consequently, these guidelines make no distinction between the different types of beneficiaries in terms of their legal structure or whether they belong to the public or private sector, and all references to airports or the companies which manage them include all types of legal entity.
Zato te smernice ne razlikujejo med različnimi tipi upravičencev na podlagi njihove pravne strukture ali na podlagi njihove pripadnosti javnemu ali zasebnemu sektorju, in vsako sklicevanje na letališča ali na družbe, ki jih upravljajo, vključuje vse vrste pravnih oseb.
Moreover, these principles of non-discrimination and equality do not exempt public authorities or public companies from applying competition rules.
Poleg tega ta načela nediskriminacije in enakosti ne odvezujejo javnih organov ali javnih podjetij od uporabe pravil o konkurenci.
In general, whether the public funding benefits airports or is granted directly or indirectly by the public authorities to airlines, the Authority will assess whether it constitutes aid by considering whether “in similar circumstances a private shareholder, having regard to the foreseeability of obtaining a return and leaving aside all social, regional-policy and sectoral considerations, would have subscribed to the capital in question” [18].
Na splošno bo organ ne glede na to, ali javno financiranje koristi letališčem ali pa so ga javni organi neposredno ali posredno dodelili letalskim družbam, ocenjeval, ali to pomeni pomoč, glede na to, ali ‚bi v podobnih okoliščinah zasebni delničar na podlagi predvidljivih možnosti donosa ter ne glede na vse socialne dejavnike, dejavnike regionalne politike in sektorsko problematiko vpisal zadevni kapital‘ [18].
The Court of Justice has ruled that “the principle of equality, to which the governments refer in connection with the relationship between public and private undertakings, in general, presupposes that the two are in comparable situations. […] private undertakings determine their industrial and commercial strategy by taking into account in particular requirements of profitability.
Sodišče je odločilo, da ‚načelo enakosti, na katerega se sklicujejo vlade v zvezi z odnosi med javnimi in zasebnimi podjetji, v splošnem predpostavlja, da sta obe skupini v podobnih okoliščinah.
Decisions of public undertakings, on the other hand, may be affected by factors of a different kind within the framework of the pursuit of objectives of public interest by public authorities which may exercise an influence over those decisions.”
[…] zasebna podjetja določajo svojo industrijsko in komercialno strategijo zlasti ob upoštevanju zahtev glede donosnosti.
Thus the concept of foreseeable profitability for the operator who effectively provides the funds as a market player is of central importance.
Pojem predvidljive donosnosti je torej bistvenega pomena za izvajalca, ki dejansko zagotovi sredstva kot subjekt na trgu.
The Community Courts have also ruled that the conduct of a public investor must be compared with that of a private investor pursuing a structural policy — whether general or sectoral — and guided by prospects of profitability in the longer term [20].
Sodišča Skupnosti so tudi odločila, da je treba obnašanje javnega vlagatelja primerjati z obnašanjem zasebnega vlagatelja, ki upošteva strukturno politiko, globalno ali sektorsko, in se ravna po možnostih dolgotrajnejšega donosa [20].
These considerations are particularly pertinent to investment in infrastructure.
To velja zlasti za naložbe v infrastrukturo.
All State resources used by EFTA States or public authorities to benefit airport operators or airlines must therefore be assessed with regard to these principles.
Vsa državna sredstva, ki jih uporabi država Efte ali javni organ v korist upravljavcev letališč ali letalskih družb, je torej treba oceniti glede na ta načela.
In cases where EFTA States or public authorities act as private economic operators would, these advantages will not constitute State aid.
Če države Efte ali javni organi delujejo tako, kot bi delovali zasebni gospodarski subjekti, te ugodnosti niso državna pomoč.
If, on the other hand, public resources are made available to a company under more favourable conditions (i.e., in economic terms, at a lower cost) than would be provided by a private economic operator to a company in a comparable financial situation and facing similar competition, that company is receiving assistance which constitutes State aid.
Če pa so po drugi strani javna sredstva na voljo družbi pod ugodnejšimi pogoji (torej v ekonomskem smislu z nižjimi stroški), kot bi jih družbi v primerljivih finančnih in konkurenčnih razmerah odobril zasebni gospodarski subjekt, ta družba prejema pomoč, ki pomeni državno pomoč.
In terms of start-up aid, it is possible that a public airport gives an airline financial advantages from its own resources generated by its business activity, which would not constitute State aid if it proves to be acting as a private investor, for example by providing a business plan setting out the profitability forecasts for its airport economic activity.
Kar zadeva zagonsko pomoč je možno, da javno letališče letalski družbi dodeli finančne ugodnosti iz svojih lastnih sredstev, ki jih je ustvarilo s svojo gospodarsko dejavnostjo, in to ne pomeni državne pomoči, če ta dokaže, da se obnaša kot zasebni vlagatelj, na primer s poslovnim načrtom, ki dokazuje možnosti donosa za njegovo gospodarsko dejavnost na letališču.
Conversely, if a private airport gives funding which in fact is no more than a redistribution of public resources given to it for this purpose by a public body, these subsidies must be considered as State aid if the decision to redistribute public resources is taken by the public authorities.
Nasprotno pa je treba v primeru, da zasebno letališče daje sredstva, ki so v bistvu prerazporeditev javnih sredstev, ki mu jih je v ta namen dodelil javni organ, te denarne podpore šteti za državno pomoč, če odločitev o prerazporeditvi javnih sredstev sprejmejo javni organi.
Applying the principle of the private investor, and therefore that there is no aid, presupposes the reliability of the whole economic model of the operator acting as an investor: an airport which does not finance its investments or does not pay the corresponding fees, or whose operating costs are partly covered by public funds, over and above a task undertaken in the general interest, cannot usually be considered as a private operator in a market economy, subject to a case-by-case assessment; it is therefore extremely difficult to apply this reasoning to such an operator.
Uporaba načela zasebnega vlagatelja, ki pomeni odsotnost pomoči, predvideva, da je celoten gospodarski model izvajalca, ki se šteje za vlagatelja, zanesljiv: letališče, ki ne financira svojih naložb, ali pa ne plačuje ustreznih dajatev, ali katerega operativni stroški se deloma krijejo iz javnih sredstev, ki presegajo nalogo, ki se opravlja v javnem interesu, se ob upoštevanju ocene vsakega primera posebej ponavadi ne more šteti za zasebnega izvajalca v tržnem gospodarstvu; torej bo za takega izvajalca zelo težko uporabiti ta način razmišljanja.
Financing airports
Financiranje letališč
Airport activities can be categorised as follows:
Dejavnosti letališča se lahko razdelijo v naslednje kategorije:
construction of airport infrastructure and equipment (runways, terminals, aprons, control tower) or facilities that directly support them (fire-fighting facilities, security or safety equipment);
izgradnja letališke infrastrukture in opreme (vzletno-pristajalne steze, terminali, betonske ploščadi, kontrolni stolp) ali objekti in oprema, ki jih neposredno podpirajo (protipožarna oprema, varnostna ali varstvena oprema);
operation of the infrastructure, comprising the maintenance and management of airport infrastructure;
obratovanje infrastrukture, ki vključuje vzdrževanje in upravljanje letališke infrastrukture;
provision of airport services ancillary to air transport, such as ground handling services and the use of related infrastructure, fire-fighting services, emergency services, security services, etc; and
opravljanje letaliških storitev, ki so pomožne storitve v letalskem prometu, kot so storitve oskrbe zrakoplova na letališču in uporaba sorodnih infrastruktur, protipožarne storitve, nujne storitve, varnostne storitve itd., ter
pursuit of commercial activities not directly linked to the airport's core activities, including the construction, financing, use and renting of land and buildings, not only for offices and storage but also for the hotels and industrial enterprises located within the airport, as well as shops, restaurants and car parks.
opravljanje komercialnih dejavnosti, ki niso neposredno povezane z osnovnimi dejavnostmi letališč, vključno z izgradnjo, financiranjem, rabo in najemom zemljišč ter objektov, ne samo za pisarne in skladišča, ampak tudi za hotele in industrijska podjetja, ki niso znotraj letališča, ter trgovine in restavracije in parkirišča.
As these are not transport activities, public financing of them is not covered by these guidelines and will be assessed on the basis of the relevant sectoral and general rules.
Ker to niso prevozne dejavnosti, njihovo javno financiranje ni zajeto v te smernice in bo ocenjeno glede na ustrezna sektorska in splošna pravila.
These guidelines apply to all airport activities, with the exception of safety, air traffic control and any other activities for which an EFTA State is responsible as part of its official powers as a public authority [21].
Te smernice se uporabljajo za vse letališke dejavnosti, razen za varnost, kontrolo letenja in vse druge dejavnosti, za katere je odgovorna država Efte v okviru uradnih pooblastil javne oblasti [21].
Financing of airport infrastructure
Financiranje letališke infrastrukture
This section concerns aid for the construction of airport infrastructure and equipment or facilities that directly support them as defined in paragraphs 43(i) and 44 above.
Ta oddelek obravnava pomoč za izgradnjo letališke infrastrukture in opreme ali objektov, ki jo neposredno podpirajo, kot je opredeljeno v zgornjih odstavkih 43(i) in 44.
Infrastructure is the basis for the economic activities carried out by the airport operator.
Infrastruktura je podlaga za gospodarske dejavnosti, ki jih opravlja upravljavec letališča.
However, it also represents one of the ways in which the State can affect regional economic development, land-use planning policy, transport policy, etc.
Je pa tudi eden od načinov, kako lahko država vpliva na regionalni gospodarski razvoj, politiko načrtovanja rabe prostora, prometno politiko itd.
Any airport operator engaging in an economic activity within the meaning of the judgment referred to in paragraph 21 should finance the costs of using or building the infrastructure it manages from its own resources.
Upravljavec letališča, ki opravlja gospodarsko dejavnost v smislu sodbe iz odstavka 21, bi moral stroške uporabe ali izgradnje infrastrukture, ki jo upravlja, financirati iz lastnih sredstev.
Consequently, the provision of airport infrastructure to an operator by an EFTA State (including regional or local authorities) not acting as a private investor without adequate financial consideration or the granting to an airport operator of public subsidies intended to finance infrastructure can give that airport operator an economic advantage over its competitors and must therefore be notified and examined in the light of the rules on State aid.
Če upravljavcu letališko infrastrukturo zagotovi država Efte (vključno z regionalnimi ali lokalnimi organi), ki ne ravna kot zasebni vlagatelj brez ustreznega finančnega nadomestila, ali če so upravljavcu letališča dodeljene javne subvencije za financiranje infrastrukture, lahko to upravljavcu letališča daje gospodarsko ugodnost pred konkurenti ter je zato to treba priglasiti in preučiti glede na pravila o državni pomoči.
The European Commission and the Authority have already had occasion to spell out the conditions under which operations such as the sale of land or buildings [22] or the privatisation of an undertaking [23] does not, in its opinion, involve the possibility of State aid.
Evropska komisija in organ sta v preteklosti že imela priložnost opredeliti, v kakšnih pogojih prodaja zemljišča ali objektov [22] ali privatizacija podjetja [23] po njunem mnenju ne vključujejo možnosti državne pomoči.
This is generally the case if these operations are made at market prices, in particular where the price is the outcome of a sufficiently well-publicised, open, unconditional and non-discriminatory bidding procedure which ensures that potential applicants are treated equally.
Ponavadi je to v primeru, ko se te transakcije opravijo po tržnih cenah, zlasti če je cena rezultat dovolj široko oglaševanega, odprtega, brezpogojnega in nediskriminacijskega postopka za oddajo naročila, ki zagotavlja enako obravnavanje možnih kandidatov.
Without prejudice to the obligations deriving from the rules and principles applicable to public procurement and concessions, when these are applicable, the same kind of reasoning applies in principle, mutatis mutandis, to the sale or provision of infrastructure by public authorities.
Ne glede na obveznosti, ki izhajajo iz pravil in načel, ki se uporabljajo za javna naročila in koncesije, kadar so ta uporabljena, se taki argumenti načeloma smiselno uporabljajo, kadar javni organi prodajo ali dodelijo infrastrukturo.
In any case, it is not possible to rule out the possibility that particular cases may contain elements of aid.
V vsakem primeru pa ni mogoče izključiti možnosti, da lahko posebni primeri vsebujejo elemente pomoči.
For example, there might be aid if the infrastructure in question were allotted to a predetermined manager which gained undue advantage therefrom, or if an unjustifiable difference between the sale price and a recent construction price were to give the purchaser an undue advantage.
Pomoč bi obstajala, če bi se na primer izkazalo, da je bila zadevna infrastruktura dodeljena vnaprej določenemu upravljavcu, ki bi se s tem neupravičeno okoristil, ali če bi neupravičena razlika med prodajno ceno in ceno ob nedavni izgradnji pomenila neupravičeno korist za kupca.
In particular, when additional infrastructure, which was not planned when the existing infrastructure was allotted, is made available to the airport operator, the operator must pay rent at market values commensurate with the costs of the new infrastructure and the duration of its use.
Zlasti kadar je upravljavcu letališča dodeljena dodatna infrastruktura, ki ni bila predvidena ob dodelitvi obstoječe infrastrukture, mora upravljavec plačevati najemnino, ki ustreza tržni vrednosti in je sorazmerna s stroški nove infrastrukture in trajanjem njene uporabe.
Moreover, if further development of the infrastructure was not provided for in the original contract, the additional infrastructure must be closely linked to use of the existing infrastructure and the subject of the manager's initial contract must stay the same.
Če pa nadaljnji razvoj infrastrukture ni bil predviden v prvotni pogodbi, mora biti dodatna infrastruktura tesno povezana z uporabo obstoječe infrastrukture, predmet prvotne pogodbe upravljavca pa mora ostati isti.
If it is not possible to rule out the possibility of State aid, the measure in question must be notified.
Če ni mogoče izključiti obstoja državne pomoči, je treba zadevni ukrep priglasiti.
If it is confirmed that the measure involves aid, such aid may be declared compatible, in particular pursuant to Articles 61(3)(a), (b) or (c) or 59(2) of the EEA Agreement and, where applicable, their implementing provisions.
Če je potrjeno, da gre pri ukrepu za pomoč, je ta pomoč lahko razglašena za združljivo, zlasti v skladu s členom 61(3)(a), (b) ali (c) in členom 59(2) Sporazuma EGP in, če je ustrezno, izvedbenimi določbami.
To that end, the Authority will in particular examine whether:
Zato bo organ zlasti preveril, ali:
construction and operation of the infrastructure meets a clearly defined objective of general interest (regional development, accessibility, etc.),
izgradnja in uporaba infrastrukture ustrezata jasno opredeljenemu cilju splošnega interesa (regionalni razvoj, dostopnost itd.),
the infrastructure is necessary and proportional to the objective which has been set,
je infrastruktura potrebna in sorazmerna z zastavljenim ciljem,
the infrastructure has satisfactory medium-term prospects for use, in particular as regards the use of existing infrastructure,
infrastruktura ponuja zadovoljive srednjeročne možnosti uporabe, zlasti glede na uporabo obstoječe infrastrukture,
all potential users of the infrastructure have access to it in an equal and non-discriminatory manner,
je dostop do infrastruktur odprt za vse morebitne uporabnike enako in brez razlikovanja,
the development of trade is not affected to an extent contrary to the functioning of the EEA Agreement.
vpliv na razvoj trgovine ni v nasprotju z delovanjem Sporazuma EGP.
Aid for operation of airport infrastructure
Pomoč za obratovanje letališke infrastrukture
In principle, the Authority considers that an airport operator, like any other business, should meet the normal costs of running and maintaining the airport infrastructure from its own resources.
Načeloma organ meni, da bi moral upravljavec letališča, tako kot vsak gospodarski subjekt, kriti običajne stroške upravljanja in vzdrževanja letališke infrastrukture iz svojih lastnih sredstev.
Any public financing of these services would reduce the expenses normally borne by the airport operator in carrying out its current operations.
Tako bi vsako javno financiranje teh storitev zmanjšalo stroške, ki jih običajno krije upravljavec letališča pri opravljanju svojih tekočih dejavnosti.
Such funding does not constitute State aid if it is compensation for public services allocated for management of the airport in accordance with the conditions established by the Altmark judgment [24].
To financiranje ne pomeni državne pomoči, če je nadomestilo za izvajanje javne storitve, dodeljeno za upravljanje letališča v skladu s pogoji, določenimi s sodbo Altmark [24].
In other cases, operating subsidies are operating aid.
V drugih primerih subvencije za obratovanje pomenijo pomoč za tekoče poslovanje.
As Stated in Part 30A.3.1 of these guidelines, such aid may be declared compatible with the functioning of the EEA Agreement only on the basis of Article 61(3)(a) or (c), under certain conditions, in disadvantaged regions, or on the basis of Article 59(2) if it meets certain conditions which ensure that it is necessary for the operation of a service of general economic interest and does not affect trade to an extent contrary to the interests of the Contracting Parties.
Kot je navedeno v delu 30A.3.1 teh smernic, se takšna pomoč lahko razglasi za združljivo z izvajanjem Sporazuma EGP samo pod določenimi pogoji na podlagi člena 61(3)(a) ali (c) v prikrajšanih regijah, ali na podlagi člena 59(2), če izpolnjuje nekatere pogoje, ki zagotavljajo, da je nujno potrebna za upravljanje storitve splošnega gospodarskega pomena in da vpliv na razvoj trgovine ni v nasprotju z interesi pogodbenic.
As regards the application of Article 59(2) of the EEA Agreement, as Stated in point 31 of these guidelines, the Commission Decision of 13 July 2005 on the application of Article 86 of the Treaty to State aid in the form of public service compensation considers compensation for public services constituting State aid granted to category D airports to be compatible, subject to certain conditions [25].
Glede uporabe člena 59(2) Sporazuma EGP, kot je navedeno v točki 31 teh smernic, se v skladu z Odločbo Komisije z dne 13. julija 2005 o uporabi člena 86 Pogodbe za državno pomoč v obliki nadomestila za javne storitve šteje, da so nadomestila za izvajanje javnih storitev, ki pomenijo državno pomoč, dodeljeno letališčem kategorije D, združljiva pod nekaterimi pogoji [25].
To that end, the Authority will verify that the airport really has been entrusted with the operation of a service of general interest and that the compensation does not exceed what is necessary to cover the costs incurred in discharging the public service obligations, taking into account the relevant receipts and a reasonable profit.
Zato bo organ preveril, ali je letališču res zaupano opravljanje javnih storitev v splošnem interesu in ali ob upoštevanju vseh ustreznih prihodkov in primernega dobička znesek nadomestila ne presega potrebnega zneska za kritje stroškov, ki nastanejo pri izvajanju obveznosti javnih storitev.
The award of public service missions to the airport must be recorded in one or more official documents, the form of which may be determined by each EFTA State.
Dodelitev nalog opravljanja javnih storitev letališču mora biti zabeležena v enem uradnem dokumentu ali več uradnih dokumentih, katerih obliko lahko določijo države Efte.
These documents should contain all the information needed to identify the specific costs of the public service, and must in particular specify;
Ti dokumenti bi morali vsebovati vse potrebne informacije za opredelitev posebnih stroškov javne storitve in podrobno opredeliti zlasti:
the precise nature of the public service obligation,
natančno naravo obveznosti javne storitve,
the operators and the territory in question,
zadevne upravljavce in ozemlje,
the nature of any special or exclusive rights granted to the airport,
naravo vseh posebnih ali izključnih pravic, dodeljenih letališču,
the arrangements for calculating, monitoring and reviewing compensation,
ureditve za izračun, spremljanje in revizijo nadomestila,
the means of preventing and correcting any over- or under compensation.
načine za preprečevanje in popravek morebitnega prevelikega ali premajhnega nadomestila.
When calculating the amount of compensation, the costs and revenues to be taken into consideration must include all costs and revenues linked to performance of the service of general economic interest.
Za izračun zneska nadomestila morajo upoštevani stroški in prihodki vključevati vse stroške in prihodke, povezane z izvajanjem storitve splošnega gospodarskega pomena.
If the airport operator in question has other special or exclusive rights associated with this service of general economic interest, the associated revenues must also be taken into account.
Če ima upravljavec zadevnega letališča druge posebne ali izključne pravice, ki so povezane s to storitvijo splošnega gospodarskega pomena, je treba upoštevati tudi prihodke iz tega.
Consequently, there must be a transparent accounting system and separation of the accounts for the operator's different activities [26].
Zato je treba vzpostaviti pregleden računovodski sistem in ločevanje računov med različnimi dejavnostmi upravljavca [26].
Aid for airport services
Pomoč za letališke storitve
Ground handling services are a commercial activity open to competition over a threshold of 2 million passengers annually under Directive 96/67/EC [27].
Storitve oskrbe zrakoplova na letališču so gospodarska dejavnost, odprta konkurenci nad pragom 2 milijonov potnikov letno na podlagi Direktive 96/67/ES [27].
An airport operator acting as a provider of ground handling services may charge different rates for the ground handling charges invoiced to airlines if these different rates reflect cost differences linked to the nature or scale of the services provided [28].
Upravljavec letališča, ki deluje kot izvajalec storitev oskrbe zrakoplova na letališču, lahko uporabi različne tarife za stroške oskrbe zrakoplova na letališču, zaračunane letalskim družbam, če te razlike v tarifah odražajo razliko v stroških, ki so povezani z naravo ali obsegom izvedenih storitev [28].