natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The first two digits of the approval number indicate that the approval was granted in accordance with the requirements of Regulation No 140 in its original form.
Zgornja homologacijska oznaka, nameščena na vozilo, pomeni, da je bil zadevni tip vozila homologiran v Belgiji (E6) v skladu s pravilnikoma št. 140 in 24.
MODEL B
(V primeru slednjega pravilnika je korigiran absorpcijski koeficient 1,30 m-1.)
(See paragraph 4.5 of this Regulation)
Homologacijski številki pomenita, da je bil na dan podelitve zadevnih homologacij Pravilnik št. 140 v svoji izvirni obliki, Pravilnik št. 24 pa je vključeval spremembe 02.
The above approval mark affixed to a vehicle shows that the vehicle type concerned has been approved in Belgium (E 6) pursuant to Regulations Nos 140 and 24.
Ta številka je navedena le kot primer.
(In the case of the latter Regulation the corrected absorption coefficient is 1,30 m-1).
PRILOGA 3
The approval numbers indicate that, at the dates when the respective approvals were given, Regulation No 140 was in its original form and Regulation No 24 included the 02 series of amendments.
UPORABA SIMULACIJE DINAMIČNE STABILNOSTI
This number is given merely as an example.
Učinkovitost sistema elektronskega nadzora stabilnosti se lahko določi z računalniško simulacijo.
ANNEX 3
UPORABA SIMULACIJE
USE OF THE DYNAMIC STABILITY SIMULATION
Proizvajalec vozila homologacijskemu organu ali tehnični službi dokaže funkcijo stabilnosti vozila s simulacijo dinamičnih manevrov iz odstavka 9.9 tega pravilnika.
The effectiveness of the electronic stability control system may be determined by computer simulation.
Simulacija je sredstvo, s katerim se zmogljivost stabilnosti vozila dokaže s:
USE OF THE SIMULATION
hitrost spremembe smeri 1 sekundo po zaključku sinusnega krmilnega manevra s prekinitvijo krmiljenja (čas T0 + 1);
The vehicle stability function shall be demonstrated by the vehicle manufacturer to the Type Approval Authority or Technical Service by simulating the dynamic manoeuvres of paragraph 9.9 of this Regulation.
hitrost spremembe smeri 1,75 sekunde po zaključku sinusnega krmilnega manevra s prekinitvijo krmiljenja;
The simulation shall be a means whereby the vehicle stability performance shall be demonstrated with:
bočnim premikom težišča vozila glede na njegovo začetno ravno pot.
The yaw rate, one second after completion of the Sine with Dwell steering input (time T0 + 1);
Simulacija se izvede s potrjenim modeliranjem in simulacijskim orodjem ter z uporabo dinamičnih manevrov iz odstavka 9.9 tega pravilnika v preskusnih pogojih iz odstavka 8 tega pravilnika.
The yaw rate, 1,75 seconds after completion of the Sine with Dwell steering input;
Način potrjevanja simulacijskega orodja je naveden v Prilogi 4 k temu pravilniku.
The lateral displacement of the vehicle centre of gravity with respect to its initial straight path.
PRILOGA 4
The simulation shall be carried out with a validated modelling and simulation tool and using the dynamic manoeuvres of paragraph 9.9 of this Regulation under the test conditions of paragraph 8 of this Regulation.
ORODJE ZA SIMULACIJO DINAMIČNE STABILNOSTI IN NJEGOVO POTRJEVANJE
The method by which the simulation tool is validated is given in Annex 4 to this Regulation.
SPECIFIKACIJA SIMULACIJSKEGA ORODJA
ANNEX 4
Simulacijska metoda upošteva glavne dejavnike, ki vplivajo na smerno gibanje in nagib vozila.
DYNAMIC STABILITY SIMULATION TOOL AND ITS VALIDATION
Tipični model lahko vsebuje naslednje parametre vozila v eksplicitni ali implicitni obliki:
SPECIFICATION OF THE SIMULATION TOOL
os/kolo,
The simulation method shall take into account the main factors which influence the directional and roll motion of the vehicle.
vzmetenje,
A typical model may include the following vehicle parameters in an explicit or implicit form:
pnevmatika,
Axle/wheel;
šasija/karoserija vozila,
Suspension;
pogonski sistem/prenos moči, če je primerno,
Tyre;
zavorni sistem,
Chassis/vehicle body;
koristni tovor.
Power train/driveline, if applicable;
Funkcija stabilnosti vozila se v simulacijski model doda s:
Brake system;
podsistemom (model programske opreme) simulacijskega orodja ali
Pay load.
elektronsko krmilno napravo v konfiguraciji strojne opreme v zanki.
The Vehicle Stability Function shall be added to the simulation model by means of:
POTRDITEV SIMULACIJSKEGA ORODJA
A subsystem (software model) of the simulation tool; or
Veljavnost uporabljenega modeliranja in simulacijskega orodja se potrdi s primerjavami s praktičnimi preskusi vozila.
The electronic control box in a hardware-in-the-loop configuration.
Za potrjevanje se uporabijo preskusi dinamičnih manevrov iz odstavka 9.9 tega pravilnika.
VALIDATION OF THE SIMULATION TOOL
Med preskusi se v skladu z ISO 15037 del 1:2006: Splošni pogoji za osebne avtomobile ali del 22002: Splošni pogoji za težka tovorna vozila in avtobuse (odvisno od kategorije vozila) zabeležijo oziroma izračunajo naslednje spremenljivke gibanja:
The validity of the applied modelling and simulation tool shall be verified by means of comparisons with practical vehicle tests.
volanski kot (δΗ),
The tests utilised for the validation shall be the dynamic manoeuvres of paragraph 9.9 of this Regulation.
vzdolžna hitrost (vX),
During the tests, the following motion variables, as appropriate, shall be recorded or calculated in accordance with ISO 15037 Part 1:2006: General conditions for passenger cars or Part 2:2002: General conditions for heavy vehicles and buses (depending on the vehicle category):
kot stranskega zdrsa (β) ali bočna hitrost (vY) –(neobvezno),
Steering-wheel angle (δΗ);
vzdolžni pospešek (aX) – (neobvezno),
Longitudinal velocity (vX);
bočni pospešek (aY),
Sideslip angle (β) or lateral velocity (vY) — (optional);
hitrost spremembe smeri (dψ/dt),
Longitudinal acceleration (aX) — (optional);
kotalna hitrost (dφ/dt),
Lateral acceleration (aY);
hitrost nihanja okrog prečne osi vozila (dθ/dt),
Yaw velocity (dψ/dt);
kotalni kot (φ),
Roll velocity (dφ/dt);
kot nihanja okrog prečne osi vozila (θ).
Pitch velocity (dθ/dt);
Cilj je pokazati, da je simulirano obnašanje vozila in delovanje funkcije stabilnosti vozila primerljivo z videnim med praktičnimi preskusi.
Roll angle (φ);
Šteje se, da je simulator potrjen, če je rezultat primerljiv z rezultati praktičnega preskusa danega tipa vozila med dinamičnimi manevri iz odstavka 9.9 tega pravilnika.
Pitch angle (θ).
Sredstvo primerjave je odnos med aktiviranjem in zaporedjem funkcije stabilnosti vozila v simulaciji in med praktičnim preskusom vozila.
The objective is to show that the simulated vehicle behaviour and operation of the vehicle stability function is comparable with that seen in practical vehicle tests.
Fizične parametre, ki so v konfiguraciji referenčnega vozila in simuliranega vozila drugačni, je treba v simulaciji ustrezno spremeniti.
The simulator shall be deemed to be validated when its output is comparable to the practical test results produced by a given vehicle type during the dynamic manoeuvres of paragraph 9.9 of this Regulation.
Izdelati je treba poročilo o preskusu s simulatorjem, katerega vsebina je določena v Prilogi 5 k temu pravilniku; ter en izvod priložiti poročilu o homologaciji vozila.
The relationship of activation and sequence of the vehicle stability function in the simulation and in the practical vehicle test shall be the means of making the comparison.
PRILOGA 5
The physical parameters that are different between the reference vehicle and simulated vehicle configurations shall be modified accordingly in the simulation.
POROČILO O PRESKUSU FUNKCIJE STABILNOSTI VOZILA S SIMULACIJSKIM ORODJEM
A simulator test report shall be produced, a model of which is defined in Annex 5 to this Regulation, and a copy attached to the vehicle approval report.
Številka poročila o preskusu: …
ANNEX 5
IDENTIFIKACIJA
VEHICLE STABILITY FUNCTION SIMULATION TOOL TEST REPORT
Naziv in naslov proizvajalca simulacijskega orodja: …
Test Report Number: …
Identifikacija simulacijskega orodja: ime/model/številka (strojna in programska oprema) …
IDENTIFICATION
PODROČJE UPORABE
Name and address of the simulation tool manufacturer …
Tip vozila: …
Simulation tool identification: name/model/number (hardware and software) …
Konfiguracije vozila: …
SCOPE OF APPLICATION
PREVERJANJE PRESKUSA VOZILA
Vehicle type: …
Opis vozil: …
Vehicle configurations: …
Identifikacija vozil: znamka/model/identifikacijska številka vozila …
VERIFYING VEHICLE TEST
Opis vozila, vključno z vzmetenjem/kolesi, motorjem in prenosom moči, zavornimi sistemi, krmilnim sistemom, z oznako imena/modela/številke: …
Description of vehicle(s): …
Podatki o vozilu, uporabljenem v simulaciji (eksplicitni): …
Vehicle(s) identification: make/model/VIN …
Opis krajev, stanja površine ceste/preskusnega območja, temperatura in datumi: …
Vehicle description, including suspension/wheels, engine and drive line, braking system(s), steering system, with name/model/number identification: …
Rezultati z vključeno in izključeno funkcijo stabilnosti vozila, vključno s spremenljivkami gibanja iz odstavka 2.1 Priloge 4, kot je ustrezno: …
Vehicle data used in the simulation (explicit): …
REZULTATI SIMULACIJE
Description of location(s), road/test area surface conditions, temperature and date(s): …
Parametri vozila in vrednosti, uporabljene v simulaciji, ki niso vzeti iz dejanskega preskusa vozila (implicitni): …
Results with the vehicle stability function switched on and off, including the motion variables referred to in Annex 4, paragraph 2.1 as appropriate: …
Stabilnost spremembe smeri in bočni premik v skladu z odstavki 7.1 do 7.3 tega pravilnika: …
SIMULATION RESULTS
Ta preskus je bil opravljen in rezultati sporočeni v skladu s Prilogo 4 k Pravilniku št. 140.
Vehicle parameters and the values used in the simulation that are not taken from the actual test vehicle (implicit): …
Tehnična služba, ki je izvedla preskus …
Yaw stability and lateral displacement according to paragraphs 7.1 to 7.3 of this Regulation: …
Podpis: …
This test has been carried out and the results reported in accordance with Annex 4 to Regulation No 140.
Datum: …
Regulation No 141 of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UN/ECE) — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to their Tyre Pressure Monitoring Systems (TPMS) [2018/1593]
Pravilnik št. 141 Ekonomske komisije Združenih narodov za Evropo (UN/ECE) – Enotne določbe o homologaciji vozil glede na njihove sisteme za nadzor tlaka v pnevmatikah (TPMS) [2018/1593]
Date of entry into force: 22 January 2017
Datum začetka veljavnosti: 22. januar 2017
Supplementary information
Dopolnilne informacije
Test requirements for Tyre Pressure Monitoring Systems (TPMS)
Preskusne zahteve za sisteme za nadzor tlaka v pnevmatikah (TPMS)
This Regulation applies to the approval of vehicles of category M1 up to a maximum mass of 3500 kg and N1 when equipped with a tyre pressure monitoring system, except for vehicles fitted with dual wheels on an axle.
Ta pravilnik se uporablja za homologacijo vozil kategorije M1 z največjo maso 3500 kg in N1, če so opremljena s sistemom za nadzor tlaka v pnevmatikah, razen za vozila, opremljena z dvojnimi kolesi na osi.
‘Approval of a vehicle’ means the approval of a vehicle type with regard to its tyre pressure monitoring system.
„homologacija vozila“ pomeni homologacijo tipa vozila glede na sistem za nadzor tlaka v pnevmatikah;
‘Vehicle type’ means vehicles which do not differ significantly in such essential aspects as:
„tip vozila“ pomeni vozila, ki se ne razlikujejo bistveno v naslednjih ključnih vidikih:
Vehicle features which significantly influence the performances of the tyre pressure monitoring system;
lastnostih vozila, ki bistveno vplivajo na delovanje sistema za nadzor tlaka v pnevmatikah;
The design of the tyre pressure monitoring system.
zasnovi sistema za nadzor tlaka v pnevmatikah;
‘Wheel’ means a complete wheel consisting of a rim and a wheel disc;
„platišče“ pomeni celotno platišče, sestavljeno iz kolesnega obroča in koluta;
‘Tyre’ means a pneumatic tyre, being a reinforced flexible envelope that is provided with, or forms in conjunction with the wheel on which it is mounted, a continuous, essentially toroidal, closed chamber containing a gas (usually air) or a gas and liquid, that is intended normally to be used at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure;
„pnevmatika“ pomeni pnevmatiko, ki je okrepljen prožen ovoj z neprekinjenim, v osnovi toroidnim zaprtim prostorom, ki vsebuje plin (običajno zrak) ali plin in tekočino, ali tvori takšen prostor skupaj s platiščem, na katerega je pritrjen, pri čemer je običajno namenjen za uporabo pri tlaku, ki je večji od atmosferskega tlaka;
‘Maximum mass’ means the maximum value of the vehicle stated by the manufacturer to be technically permissible (this mass may be higher than the ‘permissible maximum mass’ laid down by the national administration);
„največja masa“ pomeni najvišjo vrednost mase vozila, ki jo je proizvajalec vozila določil kot tehnično dovoljeno (ta masa je lahko večja od „največje dovoljene mase“, ki jo določi državni upravni organ);
‘Tyre Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)’ means a system fitted on a vehicle, able to perform a function to evaluate the inflation pressure of the tyres or the variation of this inflation pressure over time and to transmit corresponding information to the user while the vehicle is running;
„priporočeni tlak v hladnih pnevmatikah (Prec)“ pomeni tlak, ki ga proizvajalec vozila priporoči za vsak položaj pnevmatike in za predvidene pogoje uporabe (npr. hitrost in obremenitev) zadevnega vozila, kot je določen na tablici vozila in/ali v navodilih za uporabo vozila;
‘Cold tyre inflation pressure’ means the tyre pressure at ambient temperature, in the absence of any pressure build-up due to tyre usage;
„delovni tlak med uporabo (Pwarm)“ pomeni tlak za vsak položaj pnevmatike, ki je zaradi temperaturnih učinkov med uporabo vozila večji od tlaka v hladnih pnevmatikah (Prec);
‘Recommended cold inflation pressure (Prec)’ means the pressure recommended for each tyre position by the vehicle manufacturer, for the intended service conditions (e.g. speed and load) of the given vehicle, as defined on the vehicle placard and/or the vehicle owner's manual;
„preskusni tlak (Ptest)“ pomeni dejanski tlak v pnevmatikah, izbran za vsak položaj pnevmatike po izpraznitvi med preskusnim postopkom;
‘In service operating pressure (Pwarm)’ means the inflation pressure for each tyre position elevated from the cold pressure (Prec) by temperature effects during vehicle usage;
VLOGA ZA PODELITEV HOMOLOGACIJE
‘Test Pressure (Ptest)’ means the actual pressure of the tyre(s) selected for each tyre position after deflation during the test procedure.
Vlogo za podelitev homologacije tipa vozila glede na sistem za nadzor tlaka v pnevmatikah vloži proizvajalec vozila ali njegov ustrezno pooblaščeni zastopnik.
APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL
Vlogi se v treh izvodih priloži opis tipa vozila glede na elemente iz Priloge 1 k temu pravilniku.
The application for approval of a vehicle type with regard to its tyre pressure monitoring system shall be submitted by the vehicle manufacturer or by his duly accredited representative;
Vozilo, ki je predstavnik tipa vozila v postopku homologacije, se predloži homologacijskemu organu ali tehnični službi, ki izvaja homologacijske preskuse.
It shall be accompanied, in triplicate, by a description of the vehicle type with regard to the items specified in Annex 1 to this Regulation:
Homologacijski organ pred podelitvijo homologacije preveri, ali obstajajo zadovoljivi ukrepi za zagotovitev učinkovitega nadzora skladnosti proizvodnje.
A vehicle representative of the vehicle type to be approved shall be submitted to the Type Approval Authority or the Technical Service responsible for conducting the approval tests.
HOMOLOGACIJA
The Type Approval Authority shall verify the existence of satisfactory arrangements for ensuring effective control of the conformity of production before type approval is granted.
Če vozilo, predloženo v homologacijo v skladu s tem pravilnikom, izpolnjuje vse zahteve iz odstavka 5, se homologacija navedenega tipa vozila podeli.
If the vehicle submitted for approval pursuant to this Regulation meets all the requirements of paragraph 5. below, approval of that vehicle type shall be granted.
Prvi dve števki (zdaj 00 za Pravilnik v njegovi izvirni obliki) označujeta spremembe, vključno z zadnjimi večjimi tehničnimi spremembami Pravilnika ob izdaji homologacije.
An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved.
Ista pogodbenica ne sme dodeliti enake številke drugemu tipu vozila.
Its first two digits (at present 00 for the regulation in its original form) shall indicate the series of amendments incorporating the most recent major technical amendments made to the regulation at the time of issue of the approval.
Obvestilo o podelitvi, razširitvi ali zavrnitvi homologacije tipa vozila v skladu s tem pravilnikom se pošlje pogodbenicam Sporazuma, ki uporabljajo ta pravilnik, na obrazcu, ki je v skladu z vzorcem iz Priloge 1 k temu pravilniku.
The same Contracting Party may not assign the same number to another type of vehicle.
Na vsakem vozilu, ki je v skladu s tipom vozila, homologiranim po tem pravilniku, je na vidnem in zlahka dostopnem mestu, opredeljenem na homologacijskem obrazcu, nameščena mednarodna homologacijska oznaka, sestavljena iz:
Notice of approval or of extension or of refusal of approval of a vehicle type pursuant to this Regulation shall be communicated to the Contracting Parties to the Agreement which apply this Regulation by means of a form conforming to the model in Annex 1 to this Regulation.
kroga, ki obkroža črko „E“ in številčno oznako države, ki je podelila homologacijo;
There shall be affixed, conspicuously and in a readily accessible place specified on the approval form, to every vehicle conforming to a vehicle type approved under this Regulation an international approval mark consisting of:
številke tega pravilnika, ki ji sledijo črka „R“, pomišljaj in homologacijska številka, na desni strani kroga iz odstavka 4.4.1.
A circle surrounding the letter ‘E’ followed by the distinguishing number of the country which granted approval;
Če je vozilo v skladu s tipom vozila, homologiranim po enem ali več pravilnikih, ki so priloženi Sporazumu, v državi, ki je podelila homologacijo v skladu s tem pravilnikom, simbola iz odstavka 4.4.1 ni treba ponoviti; v takem primeru se v navpičnih stolpcih na desni strani simbola iz odstavka 4.4.1 navedejo številke pravilnikov, homologacijske številke in dodatni simboli vseh pravilnikov, v skladu s katerimi je bila podeljena homologacija v državi, ki je podelila homologacijo v skladu s tem pravilnikom.
The number of this Regulation, followed by the letter ‘R’, a dash and the approval number to the right of the markings prescribed in paragraph 4.4.1.
Homologacijska oznaka mora biti jasno berljiva in neizbrisna.
If the vehicle conforms to a vehicle type approved, under one or more regulations annexed to the Agreement, in the country which granted approval under this Regulation, the symbol prescribed in paragraph 4.4.1 need not be repeated; in such a case, the regulation and approval numbers and the additional symbols for all the regulations under which approval has been granted in the country which granted approval under this Regulation shall be placed in vertical columns to the right of the symbol prescribed in paragraph 4.4.1.
Homologacijska oznaka se namesti blizu napisne ploščice vozila, ki jo namesti proizvajalec, ali nanjo.
The approval mark shall be clearly legible and be indelible.
V Prilogi 2 k temu pravilniku so prikazani primeri homologacijskih oznak.
The approval mark shall be placed close to or on the vehicle data plate affixed by the manufacturer.
SPECIFIKACIJE IN PRESKUSI
Annex 2 to this Regulation gives examples of approval marks.
Splošno
SPECIFICATIONS AND TESTS
Katero koli vozilo kategorij M1 do 3500 kg in N1, ki ima v obeh primerih vse osi opremljene z enojnimi pnevmatikami in je opremljeno s sistemom za nadzor tlaka v pnevmatikah, ki je v skladu z opredelitvijo iz odstavka 2.7, mora izpolnjevati zahteve glede zmogljivosti iz odstavkov 5.1.2 do 5.5.5 tega pravilnika v zvezi s številnimi cestnimi in okoljskimi pogoji na ozemlju pogodbenic.
General
Magnetna ali električna polja ne smejo negativno vplivati na pravilno delovanje sistema za nadzor tlaka v pnevmatikah, vgrajenega v vozilo.
Any vehicle of categories M1 up to 3,500 kg and N1, in both cases with all axles equipped with single tyres, and fitted with a tyre pressure monitoring system complying with the definition of paragraph 2.7 shall meet the performance requirements contained in paragraphs 5.1.2 to 5.5.5 of this Regulation over a wide range of road and environmental conditions encountered within the territory of the Contacting Parties.
To se dokaže z izpolnjevanjem tehničnih zahtev in upoštevanjem prehodnih določb Pravilnika št. 10 z uporabo:
The effectiveness of the tyre pressure monitoring system fitted on a vehicle shall not be adversely affected by magnetic or electrical fields.
sprememb 03 za vozila brez priključnega sistema za polnjenje sistema za shranjevanje električne energije z možnostjo ponovnega polnjenja (pogonski akumulatorji);
This shall be demonstrated by fulfilling the technical requirements and respecting the transitional provisions of Regulation No 10 by applying:
sprememb 04 za vozila s priključnim sistemom za polnjenje sistema za shranjevanje električne energije z možnostjo ponovnega polnjenja (pogonski akumulatorji).
The 03 series of amendments for vehicles without a coupling system for charging the Rechargeable Electric Energy Storage System (traction batteries);
Sistem mora delovati od hitrosti 40 km/h ali manj do najvišje konstrukcijsko določene hitrosti vozila.
The 04 series of amendments for vehicles with a coupling system for charging the Rechargeable Electric Energy Storage System (traction batteries)
Vozilo mora uspešno opraviti preskuse (predrtje, difuzija in okvara), kot je določeno v Prilogi 3.
The system shall operate from a speed of 40 km/h or below, up to the vehicle's maximum design speed.
Zaznavanje tlaka v pnevmatikah v primeru izgube tlaka zaradi nezgode
The vehicle shall fulfil the tests (puncture, diffusion and malfunction) as specified in Annex 3.
Sistem za nadzor tlaka v pnevmatikah vklopi svetlobni opozorilni signal iz odstavka 5.5 v največ desetih minutah skupnega časa vožnje potem, ko se je delovni tlak v eni izmed pnevmatik vozila znižal za dvajset odstotkov ali je dosegel najnižji tlak 150 kPa, kar koli je več.
Tyre pressure detection for incident-related pressure loss.
Zaznavanje ravni tlaka v pnevmatikah, ki je bistveno pod priporočenim tlakom za optimalno delovanje, vključno s porabo goriva in varnostjo
The TPMS shall illuminate the warning signal described in paragraph 5.5 within not more than ten minutes of cumulative driving time after the in service operating pressure in one of the vehicle's tyres has been reduced by twenty per cent or it is at a minimum pressure of 150 kPa, whatever is higher.
Sistem za nadzor tlaka v pnevmatikah vklopi svetlobni opozorilni signal iz odstavka 5.5 v največ šestdesetih minutah skupnega časa vožnje potem, ko se je delovni tlak v eni do štirih pnevmatikah vozila znižal za dvajset odstotkov ali je dosegel najnižji tlak 150 kPa, kar koli je več.
Detection for a tyre pressure level significantly below the recommended pressure for optimum performance including fuel consumption and safety.
Zaznavanje okvare
The TPMS shall illuminate the warning signal described in paragraph 5.5 within not more than sixty minutes of cumulative driving time after the in-service operating pressure in any of the vehicle's tyres, up to a total of four tyres, has been reduced by twenty per cent or it is at a minimum pressure of 150 kPa, whatever is higher.
Sistem za nadzor tlaka v pnevmatikah vklopi svetlobni opozorilni signal iz odstavka 5.5 v največ desetih minutah po nastopu okvare, ki vpliva na ustvarjanje ali prenos krmilnih ali odzivnih signalov v sistemu za nadzor tlaka v pnevmatikah vozila.
Malfunction detection.
Opozorilni znak