natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
In order to remedy this situation, and to generate more financial resources to finance housing, a housing bond system was introduced in 1989, which will be described in detail below.
Da bi odpravili ta položaj in ustvarili več finančnih virov za financiranje stanovanj, je bil leta 1989 uveden sistem stanovanjskih obveznic, ki je podrobno opisan v nadaljevanju.
Act No 97/1993 on the State Housing Agency
Zakon št. 97/1993 o Državni stanovanjski agenciji
At the time of the entry into force of the EEA Agreement on 1 January 1994, the State Housing Agency was governed by Act No 97/1993 (lög nr. 97/1993, um Húsnæðisstofnun ríkisins).
Ob začetku veljavnosti Sporazuma EGP 1. januarja 1994 je delovanje Državne stanovanjske agencije urejal Zakon št. 97/1993 (lög nr. 97/1993, um Húsnæðisstofnun ríkisins).
This Act was in fact a consolidated version of Act No 86/1988 of the same name which had been subject to numerous amendments [10].According to Article 1 of the Act No 97/1993, its purpose was to promote the security of Icelanders as regards housing, through the granting of loans and through the organisation of matters relating to housing and housing construction.
Ta zakon je bil pravzaprav prečiščeno besedilo večkrat spremenjenega Zakona št. 86/1988 z istim imenom [10].Zakon št. 97/1993 je bil v skladu s členom 1 namenjen spodbujanju varnosti Islandcev glede stanovanj, in sicer z dodeljevanjem posojil in organizacijo zadev v zvezi s stanovanji in stanovanjsko gradnjo.
Furthermore, it was to promote equal rights as regards housing by provision of funds for the specific purpose of increasing people’s chances of acquiring or renting housing on manageable terms.
Poleg tega naj bi spodbujal enake pravice glede stanovanj z zagotavljanjem sredstev, izrecno namenjenih povečanju možnosti ljudi za nakup ali najem stanovanja pod obvladljivimi pogoji.
Under the terms of Act No 97/1993 four different public bodies operated in the housing system, namely: the State Housing Agency, the State Housing Board, the State Building Fund and the Workers’ Housing Fund.
V skladu z Zakonom št. 97/1993 so v stanovanjskem sistemu delovale štiri osebe javnega prava, in sicer: Državna stanovanjska agencija, Državni stanovanjski svet, Državni gradbeni sklad in Delavski stanovanjski sklad.
The State Housing Agency and the State Housing Board
Državna stanovanjska agencija in Državni stanovanjski svet
The legal basis for the State Housing Agency was laid down in Article 2 of the Act.
Pravna podlaga za Državno stanovanjsko agencijo je bila določena v členu 2 Zakona.
According to that provision, the Agency was a state institution subject to a separate board of directors (the State Housing Board) within the administrative purview of the Minister of Social Affairs, who was in supreme charge of matters relating to housing.
V skladu s to določbo je bila Agencija državna institucija, podrejena ločenemu nadzornemu svetu (Državni stanovanjski svet) in v upravni pristojnosti ministra za socialne zadeve, ki je bil odgovoren za stanovanjske zadeve na najvišji ravni.
The Agency was to manage and implement the functions relating to housing entrusted to public authorities by the Act.
Agencija naj bi upravljala in izvajala naloge v zvezi s stanovanji, za katere so bili v skladu z Zakonom zadolženi javni organi.
The Minister of Social Affairs was permitted to issue a regulation to decide in greater detail on the structure of the Agency (cf. Article 3 of the Act).
Minister za socialne zadeve je bil pooblaščen, da sprejme uredbo, s katero se natančneje določi struktura Agencije (glej člen 3 Zakona).
The Minister was also given authorisation to merge the overall management, operations and human resources of two or more divisions, departments and funds provided for in the Act.
Minister je dobil tudi pooblastilo za združitev skupnega upravljanja, dejavnosti in človeških virov dveh ali več sektorjev, oddelkov in skladov, predvidenih v Zakonu.
Costs of the operation of the State Housing Agency was to be divided between the funds operated by the Agency, having taken into account the scope of their operation and outstanding assets at the close of the fiscal year.
Stroški dejavnosti Državne stanovanjske agencije naj bi se razdelili med sklade, ki jih upravlja Agencija, od upoštevanju obsega njihovih dejavnosti in neporavnanih sredstev ob koncu fiskalnega leta.
The State Housing Agency was governed by the State Housing Board (the Board) that was composed of seven members elected by Parliament following each Parliamentary election (cf. Article 4 of the Act).
Državno stanovanjsko agencijo je upravljal Državni stanovanjski svet (Svet), sestavljen iz sedmih članov, ki jih je izvolil parlament po vsakih parlamentarnih volitvah (glej člen 4 Zakona).
According to Article 5 of the Act, the Board was to manage the finances, operations and other activities of the State Housing Agency, the State Building Fund and the Workers’ Housing Fund.
V skladu s členom 5 Zakona naj bi Svet upravljal finance, poslovanje in druge dejavnosti Državne stanovanjske agencije, Državnega gradbenega sklada in Delavskega stanovanjskega sklada.
It should also ensure that the Agency conducted its activities in accordance with the prevailing law and administrative provisions.
Moral bi tudi zagotavljati, da Agencija svoje dejavnosti opravlja v skladu z veljavnimi zakonskimi in upravnimi določbami.
Moreover, the Board was, inter alia, given the responsibility of allocating funds to developers for social housing.
Svet je bil med drugi tudi odgovoren za dodeljevanje sredstev izvajalcem gradnje socialnih stanovanj.
The State Housing Board was also empowered, subject to approval by the Minister of Social Affairs, to create new lending categories (cf. paragraph 2 of Article 11).
Državni stanovanjski svet je bil pooblaščen tudi za ustvarjanje novih kategorij posojil, če je to odobril minister za socialne zadeve (glej odstavek 2 člena 11).
Further specifications regarding the loans were laid down in Articles 12 to 15 of the Act.
Dodatne opredelitve v zvezi s posojili so bile določene v členih 12 do 15 Zakona.
State Building Fund
Državni gradbeni sklad
The role and task of the State Building Fund was laid down in Article 8 of Act No 97/1993.
Vloga in naloge Državnega gradbenega sklada so bile določene v členu 8 Zakona št. 97/1993.
According to that provision, the Fund was to engage in lending activities and housing bond transactions in accordance with the provisions of the Act and regulations set pursuant to the Act.
Skladno s to določbo naj bi se Sklad ukvarjal s posojilnimi dejavnostmi in posli s stanovanjskimi obveznicami v skladu z določbami Zakona in uredbami, sprejetimi v skladu z Zakonom.
The Fund was also responsible for the borrowing and lending that had taken place with respect to the fund or that might be decided in the future.
Sklad je bil pristojen tudi za najemanje in dajanje posojil, ki je potekalo v zvezi s skladom ali bi lahko potekalo v prihodnosti.
Article 9 of the Act laid down how the State Building Fund was to be financed, as follows:
V členu 9 Zakona je bilo določeno, kako naj bi se financiral Državni gradbeni sklad:
By returns on the Fund’s own capital, i.e. instalments, interests and price indexation payments on granted loans.
Z donosi iz lastnega kapitala Sklada, torej obroki, obrestmi in plačili za odobrena posojila zaradi indeksacije cen.
Through the annual State Treasury contributions as provided for in the Budget Act.
Z letnimi prispevki iz državne blagajne, kot je določeno v Zakonu o proračunu.
Through the sale of bonds to the Unemployment Insurance Fund, to pension funds as agreed between the State Housing Agency and the funds, and by any other borrowing as may be decided in further detail in the investment and credit plan applicable at any time.’
S prodajo obveznic Skladu za zavarovanje za primer brezposelnosti in pokojninskim skladom, kot je dogovorjeno med Državno stanovanjsko agencijo in skladi, ter z drugim najemanjem posojil, ki se lahko kadar koli podrobneje določi v naložbenem in posojilnem načrtu.“
Article 11 of the Act allowed the State Building Fund to grant loans in the following categories, provided that funding had been made available in its budget for the relevant year:
Člen 11 Zakona je Državnemu gradbenemu skladu omogočal dodeljevanje posojil v naslednjih kategorijah, če so bila finančna sredstva na voljo v proračunu za zadevno leto:
Loans for the construction of homes for the elderly and day-care institutions for children and the elderly.
Posojila za gradnjo domov za starejše ter ustanov za dnevno varstvo otrok in starejših.
Special loans for those with special needs.
Posebna posojila za osebe s posebnimi potrebami.
Loans or grants for technical innovations and other reforms in the construction industry.’
Posojila ali nepovratna sredstva za tehnične inovacije in druge izboljšave v gradbeni industriji.“
All loans from the State Building Fund were to be fully indexed (cf. Article 16 of the Act).
Vsaj posojila Državnega gradbenega sklada naj bi bila v celoti indeksirana (glej člen 16 Zakona).
Each loan should be secured by a first- or second-rank mortgage in the housing for which the loan had been granted.
Vsako posojilo naj bi bilo zavarovano s prvo ali drugo hipoteko na stanovanjski objekt, za katerega je bilo posojilo odobreno.
Moreover, it was permissible to require that the granted loan and mortgage should not exceed a particular proportion of the purchase price, real estate assessment or fire insurance valuation.
Poleg tega je bilo dovoljeno zahtevati, naj odobreno posojilo in hipoteka ne presežeta določenega deleža nakupne cene, ocene nepremičnine ali ocene vrednosti zavarovanja pred požarom.
Housing Bonds
Stanovanjske obveznice
According to Article 19 of the Act, the role of the Housing Bonds Divisions was:
V skladu s členom 19 Zakona je bila vloga Sektorja za stanovanjske obveznice:
To issue categories of marketable bonds in the name of the State Building Fund, hereafter referred to as housing bonds, subject to the terms and conditions laid down in this Act, or by regulation.
Izdajanje kategorij tržnih obveznic v imenu Državnega gradbenega sklada (v nadaljnjem besedilu: tržne obveznice) v skladu s pogoji, določenimi v tem zakonu ali z uredbo.
To exchange debt instruments secured by mortgage upon residential housing issued in connection with the purchase of real estate, construction of new housing, or extensive additions or improvements to, or renovation of, used residential housing […].
Zamenjava dolžniških instrumentov, zavarovanih s hipoteko na stanovanjski objekt, izdanih v zvezi z nakupom nepremičnine, gradnjo, obsežnim dograjevanjem ali izboljšavami stanovanj ali prenovo starih stanovanjskih objektov […].
To promote the saleability of housing bonds in the market at all times.’
Nenehno spodbujanje možnosti za prodajo stanovanjskih obveznic na trgu.“
The housing bond system was not a traditional mortgage loan system, but a bond swap system, meaning that homebuyers applied to the Housing Bonds Division to issue a mortgage bond, which was secured against the property to be bought.
Sistem stanovanjskih obveznic ni bil tradicionalni sistem hipotekarnih posojil, ampak sistem zamenjave obveznic, kar pomeni, da so kupci stanovanj Sektor za stanovanjske obveznice zaprosili, naj izda hipotekarno obveznico, zavarovano z nepremičnino, ki bo kupljena.
The Housing Bonds Division then bought this bond from the homebuyer and paid for it by issuing housing bonds to the seller.
Sektor za stanovanjske obveznice je nato odkupil to obveznico od kupca stanovanja in jo plačal z izdajo stanovanjskih obveznic prodajalcu.
These housing bonds could then be freely traded in the securities market.
S temi stanovanjskimi obveznicami je bilo nato mogoče prosto trgovati na trgu vrednostnih papirjev.
The seller could sell the bonds on the securities market, use them as means of payment or keep them.
Prodajalec je lahko obveznice prodal na trgu vrednostnih papirjev, jih uporabil kot plačilno sredstvo ali jih obdržal.
According to Article 21 of the Act, the Housing Bonds Division was permitted to claim an interest margin to cover its operating expenses and estimated losses from outstanding loans.
V skladu s členom 21 Zakona je lahko Sektor za stanovanjske obveznice terjal obrestno maržo za pokritje svojih stroškov poslovanja in ocenjenih izgub iz neodplačanih posojil.
The Minister of Social Affairs was to determine the level of the interest margin following the proposal of the State Housing Board.
Minister za socialne zadeve je moral na predlog Državnega stanovanjskega sveta določiti raven obrestne marže.
The mortgage instruments purchased by the Housing Bonds Division were to be issued for a maximum loan period of 25 years (cf. Article 26 of the Act).
Hipotekarni instrumenti, ki jih je kupil Sektor za stanovanjske obveznice, naj bi se izdali za dobo odplačila največ 25 let (glej člen 26 Zakona).
According to Article 27, these mortgage instruments could be exchanged for housing bonds amounting to a maximum of 75 % of a property’s reasonably assessed price.
V skladu s členom 27 so se lahko ti hipotekarni instrumenti zamenjali za stanovanjske obveznice v vrednosti največ 75 % ustrezno ocenjene cene nepremičnine.
The Minister of Social Affairs was empowered to decide on the maximum percentage through a Regulation whereby he could decide on a higher percentage for new construction and the first-time purchase of residential housing.
Minister za socialne zadeve je bil pooblaščen, da z uredbo določi najvišji odstotni delež, pri čemer je lahko določil višji odstotni delež za nove gradnje in prvi nakup stanovanjskega objekta.
According to Article 29 of the Act, the Housing Bonds Division was to promote the saleability of the housing bonds on the market.
V skladu s členom 29 Zakona je moral Sektor za stanovanjske obveznice spodbujati možnosti za prodajo stanovanjskih obveznic na trgu.
For that purpose the Division was to seek cooperation with banks, pension funds and other entities on the financial market.
Zato naj bi Sektor zaprosil za sodelovanje banke, pokojninske sklade in druge subjekte na finančnem trgu.
Furthermore, the State Building Fund was permitted to dispose of a proportion of its funds for transaction in housing bonds to promote equilibrium on the market.
Državni stanovanjski sklad je poleg tega lahko namenil del svojih sredstev za poslovanje s stanovanjskimi obveznicami, da bi spodbudil ravnotežje na trgu.
The Act did not itself contain provisions on who was eligible for loans under the housing bonds system.
V Zakonu ni bilo določb o tem, kdo je upravičen do posojil v sistemu stanovanjskih obveznic.
Instead, such rules were laid down in Regulation No 467/1991 on the Housing Bonds Division and housing bonds transactions (um húsbréfadeild og húsbréfaviðskipti).With regard to lending to undertakings the Regulation provided that building contractors qualified for loans from the system.
Dodatna pravila o stanovanjskih obveznicah so bila določena v Uredbi št. 467/1991 o Sektorju za stanovanjske obveznice in poslih s stanovanjskimi obveznicami (um húsbréfadeild og húsbréfaviðskipti). Uredba je v zvezi s posojanjem podjetjem določala, da so izvajalci gradenj lahko upravičeni do posojil iz sistema.
A building contractor was defined as any recognised entity building and selling completed apartments in accordance with the relevant industrial standard (cf. Article 1 of the Regulation).
Izvajalec gradenj je bil opredeljen kot kateri koli priznani subjekt, ki gradi in prodaja končana stanovanja v skladu z ustreznim industrijskim standardom (glej člen 1 Uredbe).
Rules regarding loans for new buildings were laid down in Article 10 of the Regulation and Article 25 imposed a special requirement on contractors under which they were required to submit a guarantee from a financial institution or a municipality.
Pravila v zvezi s posojili za nove gradnje so bila določena v členu 10 Uredbe, v členu 25 pa je bila določena posebna zahteva za izvajalce, v skladu s katero so morali predložiti jamstvo finančne ustanove ali občine.
Workers’ Housing Fund
Delavski stanovanjski sklad
The role of the Workers’ Housing Fund was to take care of the provision of loans for social housing with the aim of solving the housing needs of those who require special assistance thereto (cf. Article 47 of the Act).
Delavski stanovanjski sklad naj bi skrbel za zagotavljanje posojil za socialna stanovanja, da bi se zadovoljile stanovanjske potrebe oseb, ki pri tem potrebujejo posebno pomoč (glej člen 47 Zakona).
Article 48 concerned the financing of the Workers’ Housing Fund, which was achieved as follows:
Člen 48 se je nanašal na financiranje Delavskega stanovanjskega sklada, ki se je izvajalo:
by returns on the Fund’s own capital, i.e. instalments, interest and price indexation payments on granted loans;
z donosi iz lastnega kapitala Sklada, torej obroki, obrestmi in plačili za odobrena posojila zaradi indeksacije cen;
by annual State Treasury contributions as provided for in the Budget Act from time to time;
z letnimi prispevki iz državne blagajne, kot je občasno določeno v Zakonu o proračunu;
by loans from municipalities to the State Housing Agency (cf. Article 42);
s posojili občin Državni stanovanjski agenciji (glej člen 42);
by the sale of bonds to pension funds in accordance with agreements made between the State Housing Agency and pension funds;
s prodajo obveznic pokojninskim skladom v skladu s sporazumi med Državno stanovanjsko agencijo in pokojninskimi skladi;
by special borrowings, decided in the investment and credit plans from time to time, when disposable funds pursuant to sub-paragraphs a to d are not sufficient for planned developments.’
z najemanjem posebnih posojil, občasno določenih v naložbenih in posojilnih načrtih, kadar razpoložljiva sredstva v skladu s pododstavki a do d ne zadoščajo za načrtovane projekte.“
The loan categories of the Workers’ Housing Fund were listed in Article 50 of the Act and were the following:
Kategorije posojil Delavskega stanovanjskega sklada so bile navedene v členu 50 Zakona:
Loans for lease-purchase social housing (for 90 % of the purchase price).
Posojila za zakup socialnih stanovanj (za 90 % nakupne cene).
Loans for privately owned social housing (for 90 % of the purchase price).
Posojila za socialna stanovanja v zasebni lasti (za 90 % nakupne cene).
Loans for rented social housing (for 90 % of the purchase price).
Posojila za najemna socialna stanovanja (za 90 % nakupne cene).
Loans for general lease-purchase housing (for 70 % and 20 % of the purchase price).
Posojila za splošni zakup stanovanj (za 70 % in 20 % nakupne cene).
Loans for social housing were granted by the State Housing Board from the Workers’ Housing Fund (cf. Article 52 of the Act).
Posojila za socialna stanovanja je odobril Državni stanovanjski svet iz Delavskega stanovanjskega sklada (glej člen 52 Zakona).
The loan could be up to 90 % of the construction cost or purchase price, however, not exceeding 90 % of the costs basis approved by the State Housing Board, less a 3,5 % special contribution of the municipalities for each social assistance apartment (cf. paragraph 2 of Article 42 of the Act) [11].
Posojilo je lahko znašalo največ 90 % gradbenih stroškov ali nakupne cene, vendar ni smelo presegati 90 % stroškovne podlage, ki jo je odobril Državni stanovanjski svet, in je bilo zmanjšano še za 3,5 % posebnega prispevka občin za vsako socialno stanovanje (glej odstavek 2 člena 42 Zakona) [11].
With regard to entitlement to social assistance, Article 64 of the Act stated that the right to loans for private owned social housing was limited to those who fulfilled the following conditions:
V zvezi z upravičenostjo do socialne pomoči je bilo v členu 64 Zakona navedeno, da je pravica do posojil za socialna stanovanja v zasebni lasti omejena na tiste, ki izpolnjujejo naslednje pogoje:
Do not already own an apartment or a comparable asset in another form.
Še niso lastniki stanovanja ali primerljivega premoženja v drugi obliki.
Have had an average income over the past three years before allocation takes place of an amount not exceeding […].
So imeli v zadnjih treh letih pred dodelitvijo povprečen dohodek, ki ne presega zneska […].
These income limits shall be determined by the State Housing Board at the beginning of each year […].
Te omejitve prihodka določi Državni stanovanjski svet na začetku vsakega leta […].
Demonstrate payment ability which is assessed by the housing committee of a municipality […].’
Dokažejo plačilno sposobnost, ki jo oceni stanovanjski odbor občine […].“
Article 65 provided that those applying for rental apartments had to fulfil the conditions in sub-paragraphs (a) and (b).
V členu 65 je bilo določeno, da morajo osebe, ki zaprosijo za najemna stanovanja, izpolnjevati pogoje iz pododstavkov (a) in (b).
The owner of a social assistance apartment who intended to sell this apartment was to notify the housing committee or other developer of such intentions (cf. Article 85 of the Act).
Lastnik socialnega stanovanja, ki ga je nameraval prodati, je moral o tem obvestiti stanovanjski odbor ali izvajalca (glej člen 85 Zakona).
The developer was to purchase the apartment and resell it in accordance with the Act and regulations set pursuant to the Act.
Izvajalec naj bi to stanovanje odkupil in ga znova prodal v skladu z Zakonom in uredbami, sprejetimi v skladu z Zakonom.
On the purchase of an apartment, its seller should be refunded the contribution he provided on the purchase of the apartment and the instalments he had paid on the loan from the Workers’ Housing Fund from the time the purchase agreement was entered into.
Ob nakupu stanovanja je treba prodajalcu povrniti prispevek, ki ga je zagotovil ob nakupu stanovanja, in obroke, ki jih je plačal za posojilo Delavskega stanovanjskega sklada od začetka veljavnosti kupne pogodbe.
Article 86 entrusted the municipalities with the task of calculating the sales price of social housing.
V skladu s členom 86 so bile za izračunavanje prodajne cene socialnih stanovanj zadolžene občine.
The Housing Act No 44/1998
Stanovanjski zakon št. 44/1998
Introduction — main changes
Uvod – glavne spremembe
At the same time the abovementioned Act No 97/1993 on the State Housing Agency was repealed.
Sočasno je bil razveljavljen zgoraj navedeni Zakon št. 97/1993 o Državni stanovanjski agenciji.
According to Article 1 of the Housing Act, the purpose of the Act is to promote security and equal rights as regards housing to Icelanders, through the granting of loans and through organisation of matters relating to housing, and that funds are provided for the specific purpose of increasing people’s chances of acquiring or renting housing on manageable terms.
Stanovanjski zakon je v skladu s členom 1 namenjen spodbujanju varnosti in enakih pravic Islandcev glede stanovanj, in sicer z dodeljevanjem posojil in organizacijo zadev v zvezi s stanovanji, ter zagotavljanju sredstev, izrecno namenjenih povečanju možnosti ljudi za nakup ali najem stanovanja pod obvladljivimi pogoji.
In other words, the purpose of the Act corresponds fully to that laid down in the abovementioned Article 1 of the former Act No 97/1993.
Povedano drugače, namen Zakona v celoti ustreza namenu, določenemu v zgoraj navedenem členu 1 razveljavljenega Zakona št. 97/1993.
In the bill, which subsequently became the Housing Act, the main amendments were described in the following terms:
V predlogu zakona, ki je pozneje postal Stanovanjski zakon, so se glavne spremembe glasile tako:
‘The main changes contained in the bill concern the social housing system.
„Glavne spremembe, ki jih vsebuje predlog zakona, se nanašajo na sistem socialnih stanovanj.
The principal change being proposed is that the building and purchase of privately owned social apartments will be stopped and instead a new social lending system will be established.
Najpomembnejša predlagana sprememba je, da bosta ustavljena gradnja in nakup socialnih stanovanj v zasebni lasti, namesto tega pa bo vzpostavljen nov sistem socialnih posojil.
The current provisions on the building of rental apartments will remain in place but it is proposed that the Articles on lease-purchase be abolished.
Sedanje določbe o gradnji najemnih stanovanj se bodo ohranile, vendar se predlaga, naj se odpravijo členi o zakupu.