natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
In addition, regional airports often have to overcome a poor image and low profile due to their location in areas affected by economic difficulties.
Poleg tega se morajo regionalna letališča pogosto spopadati s slabo podobo in neprepoznavnostjo, ki je posledica tega, da so na območjih v gospodarskih težavah.
This is why in these guidelines the Authority has taken a positive approach to developing regional airports, while at the same time ensuring strict compliance with the principles of transparency, non-discrimination and proportionality so as to prevent any distortion of competition which would not be in the common interest in terms of public funding to regional airports and State aid to airlines.
Zato organ v teh smernicah sprejema pristop, ki je naklonjen razvoju regionalnih letališč, pri tem pa zagotavlja popolno spoštovanje načel preglednosti, nediskriminacije in sorazmernosti, da bi preprečil kakršno koli izkrivljanje konkurence v nasprotju s skupnim interesom v zvezi z javnim financiranjem regionalnih letališč in državno pomočjo letalskim družbam.
This approach must also fit in with the general aims of transport policy, in particular intermodality with railways.
Ta pristop se mora ujemati tudi s splošnimi cilji prometne politike in zlasti z intermodalnostjo z železnicami.
In recent years a significant contribution has been made, in terms of both policy and financing, to the pursuit of ambitious programmes to develop a high-speed rail network.
Prispevek k nadaljevanju zahtevnih programov za razvoj železniškega omrežja za visoke hitrosti je bil v zadnjih letih velik, tako politično kot finančno.
High-speed rail offers a highly attractive alternative to air travel in terms of time, price, comfort and sustainable development.
Železnica za visoke hitrosti pomeni zelo privlačno zamenjavo za letalski prevoz glede časa, cene, udobja in trajnostnega razvoja.
Notwithstanding the work that remains to be done to extend the high-speed rail network to the whole area covered by the EEA Agreement, it should therefore seek to benefit from the capacity of high-speed rail travel to provide efficient, high-quality connections, and encourage rail and air operators to cooperate in accordance with Article 53 of the EEA Agreement in order to develop complementarily between the two modes in the interest of users.
Ne glede na delo, ki ga je še treba opraviti, da bi železniško omrežje za visoke hitrosti razširili na celotno območje, ki ga zajema Sporazum EGP, je treba poskusiti izkoristiti zmogljivost železniških prog za visoke hitrosti, da se zagotovijo učinkovite in kakovostne povezave, ter spodbujati železniški in letalski sektor k sodelovanju v skladu s členom 53 Sporazuma EGP zaradi razvoja medsebojnega dopolnjevanja med sektorjema v interesu uporabnikov.
Insofar as these guidelines take a stand on issues such as the absence or presence of aid, they set out, for information purposes, the Authority's general interpretation of these issues at the time of drafting.
Če te smernice vsebujejo mnenja o vprašanjih, ki se nanašajo na odsotnost ali prisotnost pomoči, zagotavljajo informacije o tem, kako organ v času njihove priprave na splošno razlaga ta vprašanja.
This is purely indicative, and without prejudice to the interpretation of this concept by the EFTA Court or the Community Courts.
Ta mnenja so okvirna in ne vplivajo na razlago Sodišča Efte ali sodišč Skupnosti.
Scope and common compatibility rules
Področje uporabe in skupna pravila o skladnosti
Scope and legal basis
Področje uporabe in pravna podlaga
This framework specifies to what extent and how public financing of airports and State aid for starting up air routes will be assessed by the Authority in the light of the rules and procedures on State aid.
Ta okvir določa, koliko in kako bo organ v skladu s pravili in postopki glede državne pomoči ocenjeval javno financiranje letališč in državne pomoči za zagon letalskih prog.
The Authority will base its assessment on Article 59(2) or Article 61(3)(a), (b) or (c) of the EEA Agreement.
Za to oceno bo organ uporabil člen 59(2) ali člen 61(3)(a), (b) ali (c) Sporazuma EGP.
Article 59(2) of the EEA Agreement allows EFTA States to derogate from the rules on State aid in respect of undertakings entrusted with the operation of services of general economic interest if the application of such rules obstructs the performance, in law or in fact, of the particular tasks assigned to them and provided the development of trade is not affected to such an extent as would be contrary to the interests of the Contracting Parties.
Člen 59(2) Sporazuma EGP omogoča državam Efte odstopanje od pravil o državni pomoči glede podjetij, pooblaščenih za opravljanje storitev splošnega gospodarskega pomena, če uporaba takih pravil pravno ali dejansko ovira izvajanje posebne naloge, ki jim je dodeljena, in če vpliv na razvoj trgovine ni tolikšen, da bi bil v nasprotju z interesom pogodbenic.
Article 61(3) of the EEA Agreement lists the aid that may be declared compatible with the functioning of the EEA Agreement.
V členu 61(3) Sporazuma EGP je seznam pomoči, ki se lahko štejejo za združljive z delovanjem Sporazuma EGP.
Article 61(3)(a) and (c) provide for derogations for aid granted to promote or facilitate the development of certain areas and/or certain economic activities.
Člen 61(3)(a) in (c) predvideva odstopanja za pomoč, dodeljeno za spodbujanje ali pospeševanje razvoja nekaterih območij in/ali nekaterih gospodarskih dejavnosti.
In Chapter 25 of the State Aid Guidelines on national regional aid (hereinafter the guidelines on national regional aid), the Authority has indicated the conditions under which regional aid can be considered compatible with the functioning of the EEA Agreement in accordance with Article 61(3)(a) and (c).
V poglavju 25 Smernic o državni pomoči za nacionalno regionalno pomoč (v nadaljnjem besedilu ‚smernice o nacionalni regionalni pomoči‘) je organ navedel pogoje, pod katerimi se regionalna pomoč lahko šteje za združljivo z delovanjem Sporazuma EGP v skladu s členom 61(3)(a) in (c).
Operating aid [9] granted to airports or airlines (such as start-up aid) can only be declared compatible under exceptional circumstances and under strict conditions in underprivileged regions, i.e. regions covered by the derogation set out in Article 61(3)(a) of the EEA Agreement, and for sparsely populated areas [10].
Pomoč za tekoče poslovanje [9], dodeljena letališčem ali letalskim družbam (na primer zagonska pomoč), se lahko šteje kot skladna le v izjemnih okoliščinah in pod strogimi pogoji v najrevnejših regijah, to je v regijah, zajetih v odstopanju iz člena 61(3)(a) Sporazuma EGP, ter v regijah z nizko gostoto prebivalstva [10].
In accordance with Article 61(3)(b), aid to promote the execution of an important project of common European interest may be considered to be compatible with the functioning of the EEA Agreement.
V skladu s členom 61(3)(b) se lahko pomoč za pospeševanje izvedbe pomembnega projekta v skupnem evropskem interesu šteje za skladno z delovanjem Sporazuma EGP.
Particular reference is made to projects relating to trans-European networks, which may include airport projects.
Posebno so poudarjeni projekti v okviru vseevropskih omrežij, ki lahko vsebujejo letališke projekte.
When the above provisions are not applicable, the Authority will evaluate the compatibility of the aid given to airports and start-up aid under Article 61(3)(c) of the EEA Agreement.
Kadar se navedene določbe ne uporabljajo, bo Komisija skladnost pomoči, dodeljene letališčem, in zagonske pomoči ocenila v skladu s členom 61(3)(c) Sporazuma EGP.
The following provisions set out the principles the Authority will follow in carrying out its assessment.
Naslednje določbe določajo načela, po katerih se bo organ ravnal pri ocenjevanju.
Airports' economic activity
Gospodarska dejavnost letališč
The EEA Agreement adopts a neutral stance on the question of whether a State opts for public or private ownership of airports.
Sporazum EGP je neopredeljen glede vprašanja, ali država izbere javno ali zasebno lastništvo letališč.
As regards the existence of State aid, the essential point is whether the beneficiary is engaged in an economic activity [11].
V zvezi z obstojem državne pomoči je bistveno, ali prejemnik opravlja gospodarsko dejavnost [11].
There can be no doubt that airlines are engaged in an economic activity.
Letališke družbe brez dvoma opravljajo gospodarsko dejavnost.
Likewise, once an airport engages in economic activities, regardless of its legal status or the way in which it is financed, it constitutes an undertaking within the meaning of Article 61(1) of the EEA Agreement, and the rules on State aid therefore apply [12].
Ko letališče začne opravljati gospodarske dejavnosti pomeni ne glede na svoj pravni status ali način financiranja podjetje v smislu člena 61(1) Sporazuma EGP, zato se zanj uporabljajo pravila o državni pomoči [12].
In the “Aéroports de Paris” case [13], the European Court of Justice (hereinafter the Court of Justice) ruled that airport management and operation activities consisting in the provision of airport services to airlines and to the various service providers within airports are economic activities because they consist in the provision of airport facilities to airlines and the various service providers, in return for a fee at a rate freely fixed by the manager, and do not fall within the exercise of its official powers as a public authority and are separable from its activities in the exercise of such powers.
Sodišče Evropskih skupnosti (v nadaljnjem besedilu ‚sodišče‘) je v zadevi ‚Aéroports de Paris‘ [13] odločilo, da dejavnosti upravljanja in obratovanja letališč, ki vključujejo ponudbo letaliških storitev letalskim družbam in različnim izvajalcem storitev na letališčih, spadajo med gospodarske dejavnosti, saj vključujejo ponudbo letaliških zmogljivosti letalskim družbam in različnim izvajalcem storitev proti plačilu pristojbine, katere stopnjo določi upravljavec sam, in ne spadajo v okvir izvajanja uradnih pooblastil javne oblasti in so ločene od dejavnosti, ki se nanašajo na izvajanje teh pooblastil.
Thus, the airport operator, in principle, is engaged in an economic activity within the meaning of Article 61(1) of the EEA Agreement, to which the rules on State aid apply.
Tako upravljavec letališča načeloma izvaja gospodarsko dejavnost v smislu člena 61(1) Sporazuma EGP, za katero se uporabljajo pravila o državni pomoči.
However, not all the activities of an airport operator are necessarily of an economic nature.
Vendar pa vse dejavnosti upravljavca letališča niso nujno ekonomske narave.
It is necessary to distinguish between its activities and to establish to what extent its activities are of an economic nature [14].
Treba je ločevati med njegovimi dejavnostmi in določiti, koliko so te dejavnosti ekonomske narave [14].
The Court of Justice has held that activities that normally fall under State responsibility in the exercise of its official powers as a public authority are not of an economic nature and do not fall within the scope of the rules on State aid.
Sodišče meni, da dejavnosti, ki običajno spadajo v pristojnost države pri izvajanju uradnih pooblastil kot javne oblasti, niso ekonomske narave in zanje ne veljajo pravila o državni pomoči.
Such activities include safety, air traffic control, police, customs, etc. Generally speaking, the financing of these activities must be strictly limited to compensation of the costs to which they give rise and may not be used instead to fund other economic activities [15].
Tovrstne dejavnosti vključujejo varnost, kontrolo zračnega prometa, policijo, carine itd. Na splošno mora biti financiranje teh dejavnosti strogo omejeno na povrnitev stroškov teh dejavnosti in ne sme biti preusmerjeno v korist drugih dejavnosti ekonomske narave [15].
As explained by the European Commission in its Communication of 10 October 2001 following the attacks of 11 September 2001, “It goes without saying that, if certain measures are imposed directly on airlines and other operators in the sector such as airports, suppliers of ground handling services and providers of air navigation services, the financing of such measures by the public authorities must not give rise to operating aid incompatible with the Treaty.”
Kot je Evropska Komisija obrazložila v Sporočilu z dne 10. oktobra 2001 po napadih z dne 11. septembra 2001: ‚Samo po sebi se razume, da, če se nekateri ukrepi naložijo neposredno letalskim družbam in drugim izvajalcem sektorja, kot so letališča, izvajalci storitev oskrbe zrakoplova na letališču in izvajalci storitev letalske navigacije, državno financiranje teh ukrepov ne sme biti povod za pomoč za tekoče poslovanje, ki je nezdružljiva s Pogodbo‘.
Airport activities constituting services of general economic interest
Dejavnosti letališč, ki so storitev splošnega gospodarskega pomena
Certain economic activities carried out by airports can be considered by the public authority as constituting a service of general economic interest.
Javni organi lahko štejejo nekatere gospodarske dejavnosti letališč za storitev splošnega gospodarskega pomena.
In this case, the authority imposes on the airport operator certain public service obligations in order to ensure that the general public interest is appropriately served.
V tem primeru javni organ naloži upravljavcu letališča določeno število obveznosti javnih storitev, da bi zagotovil primerno uresničevanje splošnega javnega interesa.
In such circumstances, the airport operator may be compensated by the public authorities for the additional costs deriving from the public service obligation.
V teh okoliščinah lahko javni organi upravljavcu letališča povrnejo dodatne stroške, ki nastanejo zaradi izvajanja obveznosti javnih storitev.
It is not impossible for the overall management of an airport, in exceptional cases, to be considered a service of general economic interest.
S tega vidika ni izključeno, da se v izjemnih primerih upravljanje letališča v celoti lahko šteje za storitev splošnega gospodarskega pomena.
In this case, the public authority might impose public service obligations on an airport — for example, an airport located in an isolated region — and might decide to pay compensation for these obligations.
Javni organ bi lahko v tem primeru letališču – na primer letališču na oddaljenem območju – naložil obveznosti javnih storitev in se morebiti odločil, da mu zanje plača nadomestilo.
However, it should be noted that the overall management of an airport as a service of general economic interest should not cover activities which are not directly linked to its basic activities and listed in paragraph 43(iv).
Vendar je treba dodati, da upravljanje letališča kot celote kot storitev splošnega gospodarskega pomena ne bi smelo vključevati dejavnosti, ki niso neposredno povezane z njegovimi osnovnimi dejavnostmi, navedenimi v odstavku 43(iv).
In this connection, the Authority draws attention to the judgment by the Court of Justice in the Altmark case [16], which established case law in this regard.
V zvezi s tem organ opozarja na sodbo Sodišča v zadevi Altmark [16], ki je vzpostavila sodno prakso na tem področju.
The Court of Justice ruled that compensation for public service does not constitute State aid within the meaning of Article 87 of the EC Treaty provided that the following four criteria are met:
Sodišče je odločilo, da nadomestila za izvajanje javnih storitev ne pomenijo državne pomoči v smislu člena 87 Pogodbe ES, kadar so izpolnjena naslednja štiri merila:
the recipient undertaking must actually have public service obligations to discharge and the obligations must be clearly defined;
upravičeno podjetje mora dejansko opravljati obveznosti javnih storitev in te obveznosti morajo biti jasno opredeljene;
the parameters on the basis of which the compensation is calculated must be established in advance in an objective and transparent manner;
parametri, na podlagi katerih je izračunano nadomestilo, morajo biti določeni vnaprej na objektiven in pregleden način;
the compensation cannot exceed what is necessary to cover all or part of the costs incurred in the discharge of public service obligations, taking into account the relevant receipts and a reasonable profit for discharging those obligations; and
nadomestilo ne sme preseči zneska, ki je potreben za kritje vseh stroškov ali dela stroškov, ki nastanejo pri izvajanju obveznosti javnih storitev, z upoštevanjem ustreznih prihodkov ter primerne koristi zaradi izvajanja teh obveznosti ter
where the undertaking which is to discharge public service obligations, in a specific case, is not chosen pursuant to a public procurement procedure which would allow for the selection of the tendered capable of providing those services at the least cost to the community, the level of compensation needed must be determined on the basis of an analysis of the costs which a typical undertaking, well run and adequately provided with means of transport so as to be able to meet the necessary public service requirements, would have incurred in discharging those obligations, taking into account the relevant revenues and a reasonable profit for discharging the obligations.
kadar podjetje, ki bi bilo pooblaščeno za izvajanje obveznosti javnih storitev v posameznem primeru, ni izbrano v okviru postopka za javna naročila, ki omogoča izbiro ponudnika, zmožnega opravljanja teh storitev z najnižjimi stroški za Skupnost, je treba ob upoštevanju ustreznih prihodkov in ustreznega dobička za izvajanje teh obveznosti določiti stopnjo potrebnega nadomestila na podlagi analize stroškov, ki bi jih pri izvajanju teh obveznosti imelo običajno podjetje, ki je dobro vodeno in ima zagotovljena ustrezna prevozna sredstva za izpolnjevanje potrebnih zahtev po javnih storitvah.
When it complies with the conditions established by the Altmark judgment, compensation for public service obligations imposed on an airport operator do not constitute State aid.
Nadomestilo za izvajanje obveznosti javnih storitev, naloženih letališkemu upravljavcu, ne pomeni državne pomoči, če je skladno s pogoji, določenimi s sodbo v zadevi Altmark.
Public financing of airports other than those referred to above may constitute State aid within the meaning of Article 61(1) of the EEA Agreement if it affects competition and trade between Contracting Parties to the EEA Agreement.
Javna financiranja letališč, ki niso navedena zgoraj, se lahko štejejo za državno pomoč v smislu člena 61(1) Sporazuma EGP, kadar vplivajo na konkurenco in trgovino med pogodbenicami Sporazuma EGP.
Effects of financing given to airports on competition and trade between Contracting Parties to the EEA Agreement
Učinki financiranja letališč na konkurenco in trgovino med pogodbenicami Sporazuma EGP
Competition between airports can be assessed in the light of airlines' criteria of choice, and in particular by comparing factors such as the type of airport services provided and the clients concerned, population or economic activity, congestion, whether there is access by land, and also the level of charges for use of the airport infrastructure and services.
Konkurenca med letališči se lahko oceni glede na merila, ki jih izberejo letalske družbe, in zlasti s primerjavo dejavnikov, kot so vrsta ponujenih letaliških storitev in zadevne stranke, prebivalstvo ali gospodarska dejavnost, preobremenjenost, možnost dostopa po kopnem, kot tudi višina pristojbin za uporabo letališke infrastrukture in storitev.
The charge level is a key factor, since public funding granted to an airport could be used to maintain airport charges at an artificially low level in order to attract traffic and may significantly distort competition.
Višina pristojbin je ključni dejavnik, ker bi se lahko javno financiranje, odobreno letališču, uporabilo za umetno ohranjanje letaliških pristojbin na nizki stopnji zaradi privabljanja prometa in bi lahko bistveno izkrivilo konkurenco.
However, on the basis of these guidelines, the Authority considers that the categories identified in point 7 can provide an indication of the extent to which airports are competing with one another and therefore also the extent to which public funding granted to an airport may distort competition.
Vendar pa na podlagi teh smernic organ meni, da lahko kategorije iz točke 7 služijo kot pokazatelj, koliko so letališča med seboj v konkurenci in torej tudi koliko lahko javno financiranje, dodeljeno letališču, izkrivlja konkurenco.
Thus, public financing granted to national and EEA airports (categories A and B) will normally be considered to distort or threaten to distort competition and to affect trade between the Contracting Parties to the EEA Agreement.
Zato se običajno šteje, da javno financiranje, odobreno nacionalnim letališčem in letališčem EGP (kategoriji A in B), izkrivlja ali preti, da bo izkrivljajo konkurenco in vplivalo na trgovino med pogodbenicami Sporazuma EGP.
Conversely, funding granted to small regional airports (category D) is unlikely to distort competition or affect trade to an extent contrary to the common interest.
Nasprotno pa je malo verjetno, da bo financiranje, odobreno majhnim regionalnim letališčem (kategorija D), izkrivljalo konkurenco ali vplivalo na trgovino v obsegu, ki bi bil v nasprotju s splošnim interesom.
However, beyond these general indications, it is not possible to establish rules covering every possible case, particularly for airports in categories C and D.
Vendar pa poleg teh splošnih podatkov ni mogoče določiti pravil, ki bi zajela vse možne primere, zlasti za letališča kategorij C in D.
For this reason any measure which may constitute State aid to an airport must be notified so that its impact on competition and trade between Contracting Parties to the EEA Agreement can be examined, and, where appropriate, its compatibility with the functioning of the EEA Agreement.
Zato je treba priglasiti vsak ukrep, ki bi lahko pomenil državno pomoč letališču, da se preveri njegov vpliv na konkurenco in trgovino med pogodbenicami Sporazuma EGP in po potrebi skladnost z delovanjem Sporazuma EGP.
The Commission Decision of 13 July 2005 on the application of Article 86 of the EC Treaty on State aid in the form of public service compensation applies when airports in category D are entrusted with a mission of general economic interest.
Odločba Komisije z dne 13. julija 2005 o uporabi člena 86 Pogodbe ES za državno pomoč v obliki nadomestila za javne storitve se uporablja, kadar so letališča kategorije D pooblaščena za opravljanje storitev splošnega gospodarskega pomena.
Public service compensation constituting State aid is however exempted from the prior notification requirement, as long as the compensation complies with certain conditions laid down in the Decision [17].
Za nadomestila za opravljanje javnih storitev, ki so državna pomoč, pa vseeno ne velja zahteva po predhodni priglasitvi, če nadomestilo izpolnjuje nekatere pogoje iz Sklepa [17].
The Commission Decision has not yet been incorporated into the EEA Agreement.
Odločba Komisije še ni bila vključena v Sporazum EGP.
The principle of private investor in a market economy
Načelo zasebnega vlagatelja v tržnem gospodarstvu
Article 125 of the EEA Agreement States that the Agreement in no way prejudices the rules of the Contracting Parties governing the system of property ownership.
Člen 125 Sporazuma EGP pravi, da pogodba v ničemer ne posega v pravila pogodbenic, ki urejajo sistem lastninskih razmerij.
Contracting Parties can accordingly own and manage undertakings, and can purchase shares or other interests in public or private undertakings.
V skladu s tem imajo lahko pogodbenice v lasti in upravljajo podjetja, kupijo delnice ali drugačne deleže v javnih ali zasebnih podjetjih.
This principle means that the Authority's action cannot penalise or give more favourable treatment to public authorities which subscribe to the capital of certain companies.
To načelo pomeni, da ukrepi organa ne morejo niti kaznovati niti bolj ugodno obravnavati javnih organov, ki vpišejo kapital nekaterih družb.
Similarly, it is not for the Authority to make any judgment on the choices made by undertakings between different types of financing.
Prav tako organu ni treba presojati izbire podjetij med različnimi načini financiranja.