natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The market share threshold of Article 3(1) of the TTBER is applicable if the parties are actual competitors or potential competitors on the product market(s) and/or actual competitors on the technology market (for the distinction between competitors and non-competitors, see point (27) ff.).
Vendar pa se v navedenem primeru za sporazum še naprej uporablja seznam nedopustnih omejitev, ki se nanaša na sporazume med nekonkurenti, razen če se sporazum naknadno spremeni v bistvenih točkah (glej člen 4(3) TTBER in točko 39 teh smernic).
Potential competition on the technology market is not taken into account for the application of the market share threshold or the hardcore list relating to agreements between competitors.
Izračun tržnih deležev na tehnoloških trgih za uporabo varnega pristana
Outside the safe harbour of the TTBER potential competition on the technology market is taken into account but does not lead to the application of the hardcore list relating to agreements between competitors.
Izračun tržnih deležev na upoštevnih tehnoloških trgih, na katerih se podeljujejo licence za tehnološke pravice, v okviru TTBER odstopa od običajne prakse zaradi razlogov, obrazloženih v točki 87 teh smernic.
Where the undertakings party to the licensing agreement are not competitors, the market share threshold of Article 3(2) of the TTBER applies.
V primeru tehnoloških trgov iz člena 8(d) TTBER izhaja, da se tržni delež dajalca licence tako s proizvodnega kot z geografskega vidika upoštevnega trga izračuna na podlagi podatkov o prodaji izdelkov, ki vključujejo licenčno tehnologijo in ki jih proizvedejo dajalec licence in vsi njegovi pridobitelji licence skupaj.
An agreement between non-competitors is covered if the market share of each party does not exceed 30 % on the affected relevant technology and product markets.
V skladu s tem pristopom se skupna vrednost prodaje pogodbenih izdelkov, ki jih prodajo dajalec in pridobitelji licence, izračuna kot del celotne prodaje konkurenčnih izdelkov, ne glede na to, ali so ti konkurenčni izdelki proizvedeni z licenčno tehnologijo.
Where the parties become competitors within the meaning of Article 3(1) TTBER at a later point in time, for instance where the licensee was already present, before the licensing, on the relevant market where the contract products are sold and the licensor subsequently becomes an actual or potential supplier on the same relevant market, the 20 % market share threshold will apply from the point in time when they became competitors.
Ta način izračuna tržnega deleža dajalca licence na tehnološkem trgu kot njegovega „odtisa“ na ravni izdelka je bil izbran zaradi praktičnih težav pri izračunu tržnega deleža dajalca licence na osnovi prihodka iz licenčnin (glej točko 25).
However, in that case the hardcore list relevant for agreements between non-competitors will continue to apply to the agreement unless the agreement is subsequently amended in any material respect (see Article 4(3) of the TTBER and point (39) of these guidelines).
Poleg splošnih težav pri pridobivanju zanesljivih podatkov o prihodku iz licenčnin lahko dejanski prihodek iz licenčnin tudi močno podcenjuje položaj tehnologije na trgu, če se plačila licenčnin znižajo zaradi navzkrižnega licenciranja ali dobave vezanih izdelkov.
Calculating market shares for technology market(s) for the application of the safe harbour
Tako tveganje ni prisotno, če se tržni delež dajalca licence na tehnološkem trgu izračuna na osnovi izdelkov, proizvedenih s to tehnologijo, v primerjavi z izdelki, proizvedenimi s konkurenčnimi tehnologijami.
The calculation of market shares on the relevant markets where the technology rights are licensed, under the TTBER, deviates from the usual practice for the reasons explained in point (87) of these guidelines.
Tak odtis na ravni izdelka na splošno dobro odraža tržni položaj tehnologije.
In the case of technology markets, it follows from Article 8(d) of the TTBER that, both for the product and the geographic dimension of the relevant market, the licensor's market share is to be calculated on the basis of the sales of the licensor and all its licensees of products incorporating the licensed technology.
V idealnem primeru se tak odtis izračuna tako, da se iz proizvodnega trga izključi izdelke, proizvedene z internimi tehnologijami, za katere niso podeljene licence tretjim osebam, saj te interne tehnologije pomenijo le posredno omejitev za licenčno tehnologijo.
Under this approach the combined sales of the licensor and its licensees of contract products are calculated as part of all sales of competing products, irrespective of whether these competing products are produced with a technology that is being licensed.
Ker pa je mogoče, da v praksi dajalec in pridobitelji licenc stežka vedo, ali so drugi izdelki na istem proizvodnem trgu proizvedeni z licenčnimi ali internimi tehnologijami, izračun tržnega deleža na tehnološkem trgu za namene TTBER temelji na izdelkih, proizvedenih z licenčno tehnologijo, kot delu vseh izdelkov, prodanih na zadevnem proizvodnem trgu.
This approach of calculating the market share of the licensor on the technology market as its ‘footprint’ at the product level, has been chosen because of the practical difficulties in calculating a licensor's market share based on royalty income (see point (25) above).
Po tem pristopu, ki temelji na odtisu tehnologije na skupnih proizvodnih trgih, je mogoče pričakovati zmanjšanje izračunanega tržnega deleža, in sicer z vključitvijo izdelkov, proizvedenih z internimi tehnologijami, vendar je na splošno dober pokazatelj moči tehnologije.
In addition to the general difficulty of obtaining reliable royalty income data, the actual royalty income may also seriously underestimate a technology's position on the market in the event that royalty payments are reduced as a result of cross-licensing or of the supply of tied products.
Najprej, ker zajema vso potencialno konkurenco, ki jo predstavljajo podjetja, ki proizvajajo s pomočjo lastne tehnologije in ki bodo slednjo verjetno začela licencirati v primeru majhnega, a trajnega povišanja cen za licence.
Basing the licensor's market share on the technology market on the products produced with that technology as compared with products produced with competing technologies would not carry that risk.
Drugič, tudi če ni verjetno, da bodo drugi lastniki tehnologij začeli podeljevati licence, dajalec licence nima nujno tržne moči na tehnološkemu trgu, četudi ima visok delež prihodka iz licenčnin.
Such a footprint at the product level will in general reflect the market position of the technology well.
Če je prodajni proizvodni trg konkurenčen, lahko konkurenca na tej ravni učinkovito omejuje dajalca licence.
Ideally that footprint would be calculated by excluding from the product market the products produced with in-house technologies that are not licensed out, as those in-house technologies are only an indirect constraint on the licensed technology.
Dvig licenčnin na nabavnem trgu vpliva na stroške pridobitelja licence, s čimer slednji postane manj konkurenčen in se lahko zato njegovi prihodki iz prodaje zmanjšajo.
However, as it may be difficult in practice for licensor and licensees to know whether other products in the same product market are produced with licensed or in-house technologies, the calculation of the technology market share, for the purposes of the TTBER, is based on the products produced with the licensed technology as part of all products sold in that product market.
Tržni delež tehnologije na proizvodnem trgu zajema tudi ta vidik in je zato običajno dober pokazatelj tržne moči dajalca licence na tehnološkem trgu.
This approach based on the technology's footprint on the overall product market(s) can be expected to reduce the calculated market share by including products produced with in-house technologies, but will nonetheless in general provide a good indicator of the strength of the technology.
Pri presoji moči tehnologije je treba upoštevati tudi geografske razsežnosti tehnološkega trga.
First, it captures any potential competition from undertakings that are producing with their own technology and that are likely to start licensing in the event of a small but permanent increase in the price for licenses.
Te se včasih lahko razlikujejo od geografskih razsežnosti zadevnega prodajnega proizvodnega trga.
Secondly, even where it is unlikely that other technology owners would start licensing, the licensor does not necessarily have market power on the technology market even if it has a high share of licensing income.
Za namen uporabe TTBER se tudi geografske razsežnosti upoštevnega tehnološkega trga določa s pomočjo proizvodnih trgov.
If the downstream product market is competitive, competition at this level may effectively constrain the licensor.
Vendar pa je zunaj varnega pristana TTBER lahko primerno upoštevati tudi morebitno širše geografsko območje, na katerem so dajalec in pridobitelji licenc za konkurenčne tehnologije vključeni v licenciranje teh tehnologij, na katerem so pogoji konkurence dovolj homogeni ter ki ga je mogoče razlikovati od sosednjih območij zato, ker so pogoji konkurence na teh območjih občutno drugačni.
An increase in royalties upstream affects the costs of the licensee, which makes it less competitive and thereby may cause it to lose sales.
Novim tehnologijam, ki v preteklem koledarskem letu niso ustvarile prodaje, se pripiše tržni delež nič.
A technology's market share on the product market also captures this element and is thus normally a good indicator of licensor market power on the technology market.
Z začetkom prodaje bo tehnologija začela pridobivati tržni delež.
To estimate the strength of the technology, the geographic dimension of the technology market has also to be taken into account.
Če se tržni delež pozneje poveča nad upoštevni prag 20 ali 30 %, se bo varni pristan še naprej uporabljal v obdobju dveh zaporednih koledarskih let, ki sledita letu, v katerem je bil prag prvič presežen (glej člen 8(e) TTBER).
This might sometimes differ from the geographic dimension of the respective downstream product market.
Izračun tržnih deležev na proizvodnih trgih za uporabo varnega pristana
For the purpose of applying the TTBER, the geographic dimension of the relevant technology market is also determined by the product market(s).
Pri upoštevnih trgih, na katerih se prodajajo pogodbeni izdelki, se tržni delež pridobitelja licence izračuna na podlagi prodaje izdelkov, ki vključujejo tehnologijo dajalca licence, in konkurenčnih izdelkov, ki jo opravi pridobitelj licence, torej na podlagi celotne prodaje pridobitelja licence na danem proizvodnem trgu.
However, outside the TTBER safe harbour it may be appropriate to also consider a possibly wider geographic area, in which the licensor and licensees of competing technologies are involved in the licensing of these technologies, in which the conditions of competition are sufficiently homogeneous and which can be distinguished from neighbouring areas because the conditions of competition are appreciably different in those areas.
Če je dajalec licence hkrati tudi dobavitelj izdelkov na upoštevnem trgu, je treba upoštevati tudi prodajo dajalca licence na danem proizvodnem trgu.
In the case of new technologies that did not generate any sales in the preceding calendar year, a zero market share is assigned.
Vendar pa se pri izračunu tržnih deležev pridobitelja licence in/ali dajalca licence na proizvodnih trgih ne upošteva prodaja drugih pridobiteljev licence.
When sales commence the technology will start accumulating market share.
Tržne deleže bi bilo treba izračunati na podlagi podatkov o vrednosti prodaje v preteklem letu, če so taki podatki na voljo.
If the market share rises subsequently above the relevant threshold of 20 % or 30 %, the safe harbour will continue to apply for a period of two consecutive calendar years following the year in which the threshold was exceeded (see Article 8(e) of the TTBER).
Taki podatki so navadno natančnejši pokazatelj moči tehnologije kot podatki o količini.
Calculating market shares for product market(s) for the application of the safe harbour
Vendar pa se v primeru, ko podatki, osnovani na vrednosti prodaje, niso na voljo, lahko uporabijo ocene, ki temeljijo na drugih zanesljivih tržnih informacijah, vključno s tržnimi podatki o prodani količini.
In the case of relevant markets where the contract products are sold, the licensee's market share is to be calculated on the basis of the licensee's sales of products incorporating the licensor's technology and competing products, that is to say, the total sales of the licensee on the product market in question.
Načela, določena v poglavju 3.3 teh smernic je mogoče ponazoriti z naslednjimi primeri:
Where the licensor is also a supplier of products on the relevant market, the licensor's sales on the product market in question must also be taken into account.
Podeljevanje licenc med nekonkurenti
In the calculation of market shares for product markets, however, sales made by other licensees are not taken into account when calculating the licensee's and/or licensor's market share.
Primer 1
Market shares should be calculated on the basis of sales value data of the preceding year where such data are available.
Družba A se je specializirala za razvoj izdelkov in tehnik na področju biotehnologije ter je razvila nov izdelek, imenovan Xeran.
Such data normally provide a more accurate indication of the strength of a technology than volume data.
Zadevna družba ni dejavna kot proizvajalec Xerana, saj za to nima ne proizvodnih ne distribucijskih zmogljivosti.
However, where value based data are not available, estimates based on other reliable market information may be used, including market sales volume data.
Družba B je eden od proizvajalcev konkurenčnih izdelkov, ki se proizvajajo s prosto dostopnimi tehnologijami, ki niso zaščitene s pravicami intelektualne lastnine.
The principles set out in Section 3.3 of these guidelines can be illustrated by the following examples:
V drugem letu, tj. letu, ko se skleneta licenčna sporazuma, je tržni delež družbe A na tehnološkem trgu 0 %, saj je treba tržni delež družbe A izračunati na podlagi vrednosti celotnih prihodkov od prodaje Xerana v predhodnem letu.
Licensing between non-competitors
V drugem letu je tržni delež družbe B na proizvodnem trgu 12,5 %, kar odraža prihodke od prodaje te družbe v višini 25 milijonov EUR v prvem letu.
Example 1
Ker so bili licenčni sporazumi med družbama A in B ter družbama A in C sklenjeni med nekonkurenti in so posamični tržni deleži družb A, B in C vsako leto pod pragom 30 %, vsak od teh sporazumov spada v varni pristan TTBER.
Company A is specialised in developing bio-technological products and techniques and has developed a new product Xeran.
Primer 2
It is not active as a producer of Xeran, for which it has neither the production nor the distribution facilities.
Okoliščine so enake kot pri prvem primeru, vendar pa družbi B in C zdaj delujeta na dveh različnih geografskih trgih.
Company B is one of the producers of competing products, produced with freely available non-proprietary technologies.
Ugotovi se, da skupni trg za Xeran in nadomestne izdelke letno ustvari prihodke v skupni višini 100 milijonov EUR na vsakem izmed geografskih trgov.
It is established that the total market of Xeran and its substitutes where B and C are active is worth EUR 200 million in each year.
Licenčni sporazum med družbama A in C zato ves čas trajanja spada v okvir varnega pristana skupinske izjeme.
In year 4 and thereafter A's market share on the technology market is 27,5 %, reflecting the value of Xeran produced by B and C in the preceding year.
Družbi A in B sta dejavni na istem upoštevnem proizvodnem in geografskem trgu danega kemičnega izdelka.
C's market share on the product market is 0 % in year 1 and 2, 5 % in year 3 and 7,5 % thereafter.
Od tretjega leta naprej je tržni delež družbe A na tehnološkem trgu 20 %, kar odraža prihodke od prodaje izdelka, ki je bil izdelan s tehnologijo družbe A ter sta ga proizvedli in prodali družbi A in B, v skupni višini 20 milijonov EUR (vsaka od njiju 10 milijonov EUR).
As the licence agreements between A and B, and between A and C, are between non-competitors and the individual market shares of A, B and C are below 30 % each year, each agreement falls within the safe harbour of the TTBER.
Podobno znaša tržni delež družbe B na tehnološkem trgu v drugem letu 20 % in naslednja leta 25 %.
Example 2
Tržna deleža družb A in B na proizvodnem trgu sta odvisna od prihodkov iz naslova prodaje izdelkov, ki sta jih ustvarili vsaka posebej v predhodnem letu, ne glede na uporabljeno tehnologijo.
The situation is the same as in example 1, however now B and C are operating in different geographic markets.
Tržni delež družbe A na proizvodnem trgu je 15 % v drugem letu in 20 % v naslednjih letih.
It is established that the total market of Xeran and its substitutes is worth EUR 100 million annually in each geographic market.
Tržni delež družbe B na proizvodnem trgu je 20 % v drugem letu in 25 % v naslednjih letih.
In this case, A's market share on the relevant technology markets has to be calculated on the basis of product sales data of each of the two geographic product markets separately.
Ker je bil sporazum sklenjen med konkurentoma, mora biti njun skupni tržni delež na tehnološkem in tudi na proizvodnem trgu pod 20-odstotnim pragom tržnega deleža, da bi sporazum lahko užival ugodnost varnega pristana skupinske izjeme.
In the market where B is active, A's market share depends on the sale of Xeran by B. As in this example the total market is assumed to be EUR 100 million, that is to say, half the size of the market in example 1, the market share of A is 0 % in year 2, 15 % in year 3 and 40 % thereafter.
Jasno je, da v danem primeru navedeno ne velja.
B's market share is 25 % in year 2, 30 % in year 3 and 40 % thereafter.
Skupni tržni delež na tehnološkem trgu in na proizvodnem trgu je 35 % v drugem letu in 45 % vsa naslednja leta.
In years 2 and 3, both A's and B's market share does not exceed the 30 % threshold.
Ta sporazum med konkurentoma bo zato treba presoditi posamično.
The market share of C on the product market is the same:
V skladu s sodno prakso Sodišča in Splošnega sodišča [54] je taka omejitev lahko posledica jasnega namena sporazuma ali okoliščin posamezne zadeve (glej točko 14).
0 % in year 2, 10 % in year 3 and 15 % thereafter.
Nedopustne omejitve so izjemoma lahko objektivno potrebne za obstoj sporazuma posebne vrste ali s posebnimi značilnostmi [55] in zato ne spadajo na področje uporabe člena 53(1) Sporazuma EGP.
The licence agreement between A and C therefore falls within the safe harbour for the whole period.
Poleg tega lahko podjetja v posameznih primerih vedno zaprosijo za upoštevanje izboljšanja učinkovitosti na podlagi člena 53(3) [56].
Licensing between competitors
Iz člena 4(1) in (2) TTBER izhaja, da – če sporazum o prenosu tehnologije vsebuje nedopustno omejitev konkurence – sporazum kot celota ne spada na področje uporabe skupinske izjeme.
Example 3
Za namene uporabe TTBER nedopustnih omejitev ni mogoče ločiti od preostalega sporazuma.
Companies A and B are active on the same relevant product and geographic market for a certain chemical product.
Poleg tega Nadzorni organ meni, da je v okviru posamične presoje malo verjetno, da bi nedopustne omejitve konkurence izpolnjevale štiri pogoje iz člena 53(3) (glej točko 18).
They also each own a patent on different technologies used to produce this product.
Člen 4 TTBER razlikuje med sporazumi med konkurenti in sporazumi med nekonkurenti.
From that year onward, A sells EUR 10 million of the product produced with its own technology and EUR 10 million of the product produced with B's technology.
razdelitev trgov ali kupcev, razen:
From year 2, B sells EUR 15 million of the product produced with its own technology and EUR 10 million of the product produced with A's technology.
obveznosti dajalca in/ali pridobitelja licence na podlagi nevzajemnega sporazuma, da z licenčnimi tehnološkimi pravicami ne bosta proizvajala na izključnem ozemlju, rezerviranem za drugo pogodbenico sporazuma, in/ali prodajala, tako aktivno kot pasivno ali samo aktivno, na izključnem ozemlju ali izključni skupini kupcev, rezervirani za drugo pogodbenico sporazuma;
It is established that the total market of the product and its substitutes is worth EUR 100 million in each year.
na podlagi nevzajemnega sporazuma, omejevanja aktivne prodaje s strani pridobitelja licence na izključnem ozemlju ali izključni skupini kupcev, ki jo je dajalec licence dodelil drugemu pridobitelju licence, pod pogojem, da slednji ni konkurenčno podjetje dajalca licence v času sklepanja njegove lastne licence;
To assess the licence agreement under the TTBER, the market shares of A and B have to be calculated both on the technology market and the product market.
obveznosti pridobitelja licence, da proizvaja pogodbene izdelke samo za lastno uporabo pod pogojem, da za pridobitelja licence ni omejitve aktivne in pasivne prodaje pogodbenih izdelkov kot rezervnih delov za njegove lastne izdelke;
The market share of A on the technology market depends on the amount of the product sold in the preceding year that was produced, by both A and B, with A's technology.
na podlagi nevzajemnega sporazuma, obveznosti pridobitelja licence, da proizvaja pogodbene izdelke samo za določenega kupca, kadar je bila licenca podeljena zaradi oblikovanja alternativnega vira dobav za tega kupca;
In year 2, the market share of A on the technology market is therefore 15 %, reflecting its own production and sales of EUR 15 million in year 1.
omejevanje sposobnosti pridobitelja licence za izkoriščanje pravic iz njegove lastne tehnologije ali omejevanje sposobnosti katere koli od pogodbenic sporazuma za opravljanje raziskav in razvoja, razen če ta omejitev ni nujno potrebna za preprečitev razkritja licenčnega strokovnega znanja in izkušenj tretjim osebam.
From year 3, A's market share on the technology market is 20 %, reflecting the EUR 20 million sales of the product produced with A's technology and produced and sold by A and B (EUR 10 million each).
Razlika med vzajemnimi in nevzajemnimi sporazumi med konkurenti
Similarly, in year 2, B's market share on the technology market is 20 % and thereafter 25 %.
TTBER v zvezi s številnimi nedopustnimi omejitvami razlikuje med vzajemnimi in nevzajemnimi sporazumi.
The market shares of A and B on the product market depend on their respective sales of the product in the previous year, irrespective of the technology used.
Seznam nedopustnih omejitev je strožji za vzajemne sporazume kot za nevzajemne sporazume med konkurenti.
The market share of A on the product market is 15 % in year 2 and 20 % thereafter.
Vzajemni sporazumi so sporazumi o navzkrižnem licenciranju, pri čemer so si licenčne tehnologije konkurenčne ali se lahko uporabljajo za proizvodnjo konkurenčnih izdelkov.
The market share of B on the product market is 20 % in year 2 and 25 % thereafter.
Nevzajemni sporazum je sporazum, v okviru katerega zgolj ena od pogodbenic licencira lastne tehnološke pravice drugi pogodbenici ali pa v primeru navzkrižnega licenciranja licenčne tehnološke pravice niso konkurenčne tehnologije in licenčnih pravic ni mogoče uporabljati za proizvodnjo konkurenčnih izdelkov.
As the agreement is between competitors, their combined market share, both on the technology and on the product market, has to be below the 20 % market share threshold in order to benefit from the safe harbour.
Sporazum za namene TTBER ni vzajemen zgolj zaradi tega, ker vsebuje obveznost povratnega odstopa licence ali ker pridobitelj licence povratno licencira lastne izboljšave licenčne tehnologije.
It is clear that this is not the case here.
Če nevzajemni sporazum pozneje postane vzajemen zaradi podelitve druge licence med istima pogodbenicama, bosta slednji morda morali ponovno proučiti prvo licenco, da bi preprečili pojav morebitnih nedopustnih omejitev v sporazumu.
The combined market share on the technology market and on the product market is 35 % in year 2 and 45 % thereafter.
Nadzorni organ bo pri presoji posamezne zadeve upošteval čas, ki je pretekel med podelitvijo prve in druge licence.