natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Similarly, State aid can prevent inefficient firms from leaving the market or even induce them to enter and gain market shares from otherwise more efficient competitors.
Tržna moč je moč vpliva na tržne cene, proizvodnjo, raznolikost ali kakovost proizvodov in storitev ali na druge parametre konkurence v daljšem časovnem obdobju v škodo potrošnikov.
If not correctly targeted, R&D&I aid may therefore support inefficient undertakings and lead to market structures in which many players operate significantly below efficient scale.
Tudi kadar pomoč tržne moči ne krepi neposredno, jo lahko krepi posredno, in sicer z odvračanjem obstoječih konkurentov od širitve, spodbujanjem njihovega izstopa ali odvračanjem novih konkurentov od vstopa.
In the long run, interfering with the competitive entry and exit processes may stifle innovation and slow down industry-wide productivity improvements.
Učinki na trgovino in izbiro lokacije
Distorting dynamic incentives
Državna pomoč za R&R&I lahko prav tako privede do izkrivljanja konkurence, če vpliva na izbiro lokacije.
R&D&I aid may distort the dynamic incentives to invest of competitors of the aid beneficiary.
Do navedenih izkrivljanj lahko prihaja po vseh državah Efte, bodisi kadar si podjetja konkurirajo na čezmejni ravni bodisi kadar izbirajo med različnimi lokacijami.
When an undertaking receives aid, the likelihood of successful R&D&I activities on its part generally increases, leading to an increased presence on the relevant product market(s) in the future.
Pomoč, namenjena premestitvi dejavnosti v drugo regijo znotraj EGP, morda neposredno ne povzroči izkrivljanja na proizvodnem trgu, vendar se zaradi nje dejavnosti ali naložbe preselijo iz ene regije v drugo.
That increased presence may lead competitors to reduce the scope of their original investment plans (crowding-out effect).
Očitni negativni učinki
Furthermore, the presence of aid may make potential beneficiaries complacent or more risk-seeking.
Načeloma je treba ukrep pomoči in okoliščine, v katerih se uporabi, analizirati, da se ugotovi, v kolikšnem obsegu se lahko šteje za primer izkrivljanja konkurence.
The long term effect on the overall performance of the sector is in this case likely to be negative.
Vendar je mogoče opredeliti nekatere razmere, v katerih so negativni učinki očitno večji od kakršnih koli pozitivnih učinkov, kar pomeni, da pomoč ne more biti združljiva z delovanjem Sporazuma EGP.
R&D&I aid may therefore, if not correctly targeted, support inefficient undertakings and lead to market structures where many market players operate significantly below efficient scale.
V skladu s splošnimi načeli Sporazuma EGP se državna pomoč ne more šteti za združljivo z delovanjem Sporazuma EGP, zlasti če je ukrep pomoči tako diskriminatoren, da ga narava državne pomoči ne upravičuje.
Creating or maintaining market power
Kot je pojasnjeno v oddelku 3, Nadzorni organ tako ne odobri nobenega ukrepa, če tak ukrep ali pogoji, ki so povezani z njim, neizogibno pomenijo kršitev Sporazuma EGP.
Aid for R&D&I may also have distortive effects in terms of increasing or maintaining the degree of market power in product markets.
To velja zlasti za ukrepe pomoči, pri katerih je dodelitev pomoči odvisna od obveznosti upravičenca, da ima svoj sedež v zadevni državi Efte (ali da ima tam večino poslovnih enot), ali obveznosti, da upravičenec uporabi doma proizvedeno blago ali storitve, ter ukrepe pomoči, ki upravičencu omejujejo možnost izkoriščanja rezultatov R&R&I v drugih državah EGP.
Market power is the power to influence market prices, output, the variety or quality of products and services, or other parameters of competition for a significant period of time, to the detriment of consumers.
Prav tako se za nezdružljivo šteje pomoč, ki pomeni samo spremembo lokacije dejavnosti R&R&I v EGP, ne da bi se pri tem spremenila narava, velikost ali obseg projekta.
Even where aid does not strengthen market power directly, it may do so indirectly, by discouraging the expansion of existing competitors or inducing their exit or discouraging the entry of new competitors.
Da bi bile sheme pomoči, ki jih je treba priglasiti, združljive z delovanjem Sporazuma EGP, ne smejo povzročiti znatnega izkrivljanja konkurence in trgovine.
Effects on trade and location choice
Tudi če so izkrivljanja na ravni individualne pomoči omejena (če je pomoč potrebna za doseganje skupnega cilja in sorazmerna s tem), lahko sheme pomoči kumulativno še vedno povzročajo visoko raven izkrivljanja.
State aid for R&D&I may also give rise to distortions of competition when it influences the choice of a location.
Takšno izkrivljanje je lahko na primer posledica pomoči, ki negativno vpliva na dinamične spodbude za inovacije pri konkurentih.
Those distortions can arise across EFTA States, either when firms compete across borders or consider different locations.
Pri shemi, osredotočeni na nekatere sektorje, je tveganje za taka izkrivljanja še bolj izrazito.
Aid aimed at relocating an activity in another region within the EEA may not lead directly to a distortion in the product market, but it displaces activities or investments from one region into another.
Zato morajo države Efte ne glede na točko 122 dokazati, da bodo vsi negativni učinki čim bolj omejeni, pri čemer morajo upoštevati na primer velikost zadevnih projektov, posamezne in skupne zneske pomoči, število pričakovanih upravičencev in značilnosti ciljnih sektorjev.
Manifest negative effects
Da bi države Efte Nadzornemu organu omogočile oceno verjetnih negativnih učinkov shem pomoči, ki jih je treba priglasiti, mu lahko predložijo vse ocene učinka ter naknadne ocene podobnih predhodnih shem.
In principle, an aid measure and the context in which it is applied need to be analysed to identify the extent to which it can be deemed distortive.
Izkrivljanja na proizvodnih trgih
However, certain situations can be identified where the negative effects manifestly outweigh any positive effects, meaning that aid cannot be found compatible with the functioning of the EEA Agreement.
Da bi lahko Nadzorni organ opredelil in ocenil morebitna izkrivljanja konkurence in trgovine v zvezi z individualno pomočjo, ki jo je treba priglasiti, morajo države Efte predložiti informacije o (i) zadevnih proizvodnih trgih, tj. trgih, na katere vpliva spremenjeno ravnanje upravičenca do pomoči, ter (ii) prizadetih konkurentih in strankah ali potrošnikih.
In particular, according to the general principles of the EEA Agreement, State aid cannot be considered compatible with the functioning of the EEA Agreement if the aid measure is discriminatory to an extent not justified by its State aid character.
Nadzorni organ pri oceni negativnih učinkov ukrepov pomoči svojo analizo izkrivljanja konkurence osredotoči na predvidljiv učinek, ki ga ima pomoč za R&R&I na konkurenco med podjetji na zadevnih proizvodnih trgih.
As explained in Section 3, the Authority will thus not allow any measure where such measure or the conditions attached to it entail a non-severable violation of the EEA Agreement.
Nadzorni organ daje večjo težo tveganjem za konkurenco in trgovino, ki bodo nastala v bližnji prihodnosti in imajo posebno visoko stopnjo verjetnosti.
This is particularly the case for aid measures where the award of aid is subject to the obligation for the beneficiary to have its central seat in the relevant EFTA State (or to be predominantly established in that EFTA State) or to use national products or services, as well as for aid measures restricting the possibility for the beneficiary to exploit the R&D&I results in other EEA States.
Če je posebna inovativna dejavnost povezana z več prihodnjimi proizvodnimi trgi, se učinek državne pomoči spremlja na vseh zadevnih trgih.
Likewise, aid that merely leads to a change in location of R&D&I activities within the EEA without changing the nature, size or scope of the project will not be considered compatible.
V nekaterih primerih se na tehnoloških trgih trguje s samimi rezultati dejavnosti R&R&I, na primer s pravicami intelektualne lastnine, in sicer z izdajanjem licenc za patente ali trgovanjem z njimi.
In order to be compatible with the functioning of the EEA Agreement, notifiable aid schemes must not lead to significant distortions of competition and trade.
V teh primerih lahko Nadzorni organ upošteva tudi učinek pomoči na konkurenco na tehnoloških trgih.
In particular, even where distortions may be considered limited at individual level (provided the aid is necessary and proportional to achieve the common objective), on a cumulative basis aid schemes might still lead to high levels of distortions.
Nadzorni organ uporabi različna merila za oceno mogočih primerov izkrivljanja konkurence, in sicer izkrivljanje dinamičnih spodbud, ustvarjanje ali ohranjanje tržne moči ter ohranjanje neučinkovitih tržnih struktur.
Such distortions may for instance result from aid that negatively affects dynamic incentives to innovate on the part of competitors.
Nadzorni organ v svoji analizi morebitnega izkrivljanja dinamičnih spodbud upošteva naslednje elemente:
In the case of a scheme focusing on certain sectors, the risk of that kind of distortions is even more pronounced.
rast trga
Without prejudice to point 122, EFTA States therefore must demonstrate that any negative effects will be limited to the minimum taking into account, for example, the size of the projects concerned, the individual and cumulative aid amounts, the number of expected beneficiaries as well as the characteristics of the targeted sectors.
večja kot bo rast trga v prihodnje, manj verjetno je, da bo pomoč negativno vplivala na spodbude konkurentov, glede na to, da je še vedno veliko priložnosti za razvoj donosnih poslov,
In order to enable the Authority to assess the likely negative effects of notifiable aid schemes, EFTA States may submit any impact assessment as well as ex-post evaluations carried out for similar predecessor schemes.
znesek pomoči
Distortions in product markets
ukrepi pomoči, ki vključujejo visoke zneske pomoči, verjetneje povzročijo znatne učinke izrinjanja.
For notifiable individual aid, in order to enable the Authority to identify and assess potential distortions of competition and trade, EFTA States should provide information on (i) the product markets concerned, that is to say the markets affected by the change in behaviour of the aid beneficiary; and (ii) the competitors and customers or consumers affected.
Višina zneska pomoči se bo merila predvsem glede na znesek, ki so ga glavni udeleženci na trgu porabili pri podobnih projektih,
In assessing the negative effects of the aid measure, the Authority will focus its analysis of the distortions of competition on the foreseeable impact of the R&D&I aid on competition between undertakings in the product markets concerned.
bližina trga/kategorija pomoči
The Authority will give more weight to risks for competition and trade that arise in the near future and with particular likelihood.
bolj kot je ukrep pomoči usmerjen v dejavnosti R&R&I, ki so blizu trgu, verjetneje je, da bo povzročil znatne učinke izrinjanja,
To the extent that a specific innovative activity will be associated with multiple future product markets, the impact of State aid will be looked upon on the set of markets concerned.
odprt izbirni postopek
In certain cases the results of R&D&I activities, for example in the form of IPR, are themselves traded in technology markets, for instance through patent licensing or trading.
kadar je pomoč dodeljena na podlagi preglednih, objektivnih in nediskriminatornih meril, je Nadzorni organ bolj pozitivno naravnan,
In those cases, the Authority may also consider the effect of the aid on competition in technology markets.
izstopne ovire
The Authority will use various criteria to assess the potential distortions of competition, namely distorting dynamic incentives, creating or maintaining market power, and maintaining inefficient market structures.
konkurenti verjetneje ohranijo ali celo povečajo svoje naložbene načrte, kadar so izstopne ovire v inovacijskem procesu velike.
In its analysis of the potential distortion of dynamic incentives, the Authority will consider the following elements:
To se lahko zgodi, če je veliko preteklih naložb konkurentov vezanih na določen potek R&R&I,
market growth
spodbude za konkuriranje za prihodnji trg
the more the market is expected to grow in the future, the less likely that the competitors' incentives will be negatively affected by the aid, given that there remain ample opportunities to develop a profitable business,
pomoč za R&R&I lahko privede do tega, da se konkurenti upravičenca do pomoči odrečejo konkuriranju za prihodnji trg, na katerem „zmagovalec pobere vse“ („winner takes all“), ker prednost, ki jo pomoč prinaša v smislu stopnje tehnološkega napredka, ekonomije obsega, mrežnih učinkov ali časa, zmanjšuje njihove možnosti, da potencialno uspešno vstopijo na ta prihodnji trg,
aid amount
razlikovanje med proizvodi in intenzivnost konkurence
aid measures which involve significant amounts of aid are more likely to lead to significant crowding out effects.
kadar so inovacije proizvodov bolj usmerjene v razvoj različnih proizvodov, povezanih na primer z določenimi znamkami, standardi, tehnologijami ali skupinami potrošnikov, je verjetnost, da bodo konkurenti prizadeti, manjša.
The significance of the aid amount will be measured mainly with reference to the amount spent by the main market players on projects of a similar kind,
Enako velja, če je na trgu veliko učinkovitih konkurentov.
closeness to the market/category of the aid
Nadzorni organ je zlasti zaskrbljen zaradi tistih ukrepov R&R&I, ki upravičencu do pomoči omogočajo, da utrdi tržno moč, ki jo ima na obstoječih proizvodnih trgih, ali da jo prenese na prihodnje proizvodne trge.
the more the aid measure is aimed at activities close to the market, the more it is liable to develop significant crowding-out effects,
Zato v primerih, kadar ima upravičenec do pomoči tržni delež pod 25 %, in na trgih, ki imajo tržno koncentracijo z indeksom Herfindahl-Hirschman (HHI) pod 2000, verjetno ne bo ugotovil konkurenčnih pomislekov v zvezi s tržno močjo.
open selection process
Nadzorni organ v svoji analizi tržne moči upošteva naslednje elemente:
where the aid is awarded on the basis of transparent, objective and non-discriminatory criteria, the Authority will take a more positive stance,
tržno moč upravičenca do pomoči in strukturo trga
exit barriers
kadar prejemnik že prevladuje na proizvodnem trgu, lahko ukrep pomoči to prevlado utrdi z dodatnim zmanjšanjem konkurenčne omejitve, ki jo lahko konkurenti uveljavijo pri podjetju, ki prejema pomoč.
competitors are more likely to maintain, or even to increase their investment plans when exit barriers to the innovation process are high.
Podobno lahko imajo ukrepi državne pomoči znaten učinek na oligopolnih trgih, kjer je dejavnih malo udeležencev,
That may be the case when many of the competitors' past investments are locked into a particular R&D&I trajectory,
stopnjo vstopnih ovir
incentives to compete for a future market
na področju R&R&I lahko za nove udeležence obstajajo precejšnje vstopne ovire.
R&D&I aid may lead to a situation where competitors of the aid beneficiary renounce competing for a future ‘winner takes all’ market, because the advantage provided by the aid, in terms of degree of technological advance, economies of scale, network effects or timing, reduces their possibility to potentially successfully enter that future market,
Te ovire vključujejo pravne vstopne ovire (zlasti v zvezi s pravicami intelektualne lastnine), ekonomije obsega in povezanih proizvodov, ovire dostopa do mrež in infrastrukture ter druge strateške ovire za vstop ali razširitev,
product differentiation and intensity of competition
kupno moč
where product innovation is rather about developing differentiated products, related for example to distinct brands, standards, technologies or consumer groups, competitors are less likely to be affected.
tržna moč podjetja je lahko omejena tudi s tržnim položajem kupcev.
The same situation arises where there are many effective competitors in the market.
Če je verjetno, da si bodo kupci prizadevali za ohranitev zadostne konkurence na trgu, lahko prisotnost močnih kupcev služi za preprečevanje močnega tržnega položaja,
The Authority is concerned mainly about those R&D&I measures which enable the aid beneficiary to strengthen market power held on existing product markets or to transfer it to future product markets.
izbirni postopek
The Authority is therefore unlikely to identify competition concerns related to market power in cases where the aid beneficiary has a market share below 25 % and in markets with a market concentration below 2000 on the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI).
ukrepi pomoči, ki podjetjem z močnim tržnim položajem omogočajo, da vplivajo na izbirni postopek, tako da imajo na primer pravico priporočati podjetja v izbirnem postopku ali da vplivajo na raziskovalno pot na način, ki neutemeljeno odklanja alternativno pot, lahko pri Nadzornem organu vzbudijo pomisleke.
In its analysis of market power, the Authority will consider the following elements:
Ohranjanje neučinkovitih tržnih struktur
market power of the aid beneficiary and market structure
Nadzorni organ v svoji analizi tržnih struktur upošteva, ali je pomoč dodeljena na trgih s presežno zmogljivostjo ali v nazadujočih gospodarskih panogah.
where the aid recipient is already dominant on a product market, the aid measure may reinforce that dominance by further weakening the competitive constraint that competitors can exert on the recipient undertaking.
Kadar trg raste ali je verjetno, da bo državna pomoč za R&R&I spremenila splošno dinamiko rasti sektorja, zlasti z uvajanjem novih tehnologij, je verjetnost pomislekov manjša.
Similarly, State aid measures may have a significant impact in oligopolistic markets where only a few players are active,
Vpliv na izbiro lokacije
level of entry barriers
Zlasti kadar je pomoč za R&R&I blizu trgu, to lahko povzroči, da imajo nekatera ozemlja ugodnejše pogoje, kar zadeva dodatno proizvodnjo, zlasti zaradi razmeroma nižjih proizvodnih stroškov, ki so posledica pomoči ali višjih ravni dejavnosti R&R&I, ki jim je bila namenjena pomoč.
in the field of R&D&I, there may be significant barriers to entry for new entrants.
Zaradi tega se lahko podjetja odločijo za selitev na navedena ozemlja.
Those barriers include legal entry barriers (in particular in respect of IPR), economies of scale and scope, access barriers to networks and infrastructure, and other strategic barriers to entry or expansion,
Vpliv na izbiro lokacije je lahko pomemben tudi za raziskovalne infrastrukture.
buyer power
Če se pomoč pretežno uporabi za privabljanje ene infrastrukture v določeno regijo na račun druge, ne bo prispevala k spodbujanju nadaljnjih dejavnosti R&R&I v EGP.
the market power of an undertaking may also be limited by the market position of the buyers.
Nadzorni organ v svoji analizi individualne pomoči, ki jo je treba priglasiti, ustrezno upošteva vse dokaze, iz katerih je razvidno, da je upravičenec do pomoči izbiral med različnimi lokacijami.
The presence of strong buyers can serve to counter a finding of a strong market position if it is likely that the buyers will seek to preserve sufficient competition in the market,
Države Efte morajo od 1. julija 2016 na nacionalni ali regionalni ravni na obsežnem spletišču za državno pomoč objaviti vsaj naslednje informacije o priglašenih ukrepih državne pomoči, razen dodelitev individualnih pomoči, nižjih od 500000 EUR:
selection process
celotno besedilo sheme pomoči in njenih izvedbenih določb ali pravno podlago za individualno pomoč ali povezavo na ta besedila;
aid measures which allow undertakings with a strong market position to influence the selection process, for example by having the right to recommend undertakings in the selection process or influencing the research path in a way which disfavours alternative paths on unjustified grounds, are liable to raise concern by the Authority.
identiteto organa, ki dodeljuje pomoč;
Maintaining inefficient market structures
identiteto posameznih upravičencev;
In its analysis of market structures, the Authority will consider whether the aid is awarded in markets featuring overcapacity or in declining industries.
obliko in znesek pomoči, dodeljene vsakemu upravičencu;
Situations where the market is growing or where State aid for R&D&I is likely to change the overall growth dynamics of the sector, notably by introducing new technologies, are less likely to give rise to concerns.
datum dodelitve;
Location effects
vrsto upravičenca (MSP ali veliko podjetje);
In particular where R&D&I aid is close to the market, it may result in some territories benefiting from more favourable conditions in respect of subsequent production, particularly because of comparatively lower production costs as a result of the aid or due to higher levels of R&D&I activities pursued through the aid.
regijo, v kateri ima upravičenec sedež (statistična regija na ravni 2 [50]), in glavni gospodarski sektor, v katerem deluje upravičenec (na ravni skupine NACE) [51].
This may lead undertakings to relocate to those territories.
Te informacije morajo biti objavljene v šestih mesecih po sprejetju odločbe o dodelitvi pomoči ali v enem letu po datumu davčne napovedi, če gre za davčne ukrepe;
Location effects may also be relevant to research infrastructures.
hraniti jih je treba vsaj deset let, splošni javnosti pa morajo biti dostopni brez omejitev [52].
If aid is mainly used to attract an infrastructure to a particular region at the expense of another, it will not contribute to promoting further R&D&I activities in the EEA.
Da bi Nadzorni organ dodatno omejil izkrivljanje konkurence in trgovine, lahko zahteva, da za sheme pomoči, ki jih je treba priglasiti, veljata časovna omejitev in obveznost ocene iz točke 37.
In its analysis of notifiable individual aid, the Authority will accordingly take into account any evidence that the aid beneficiary has considered alternative locations.
Ocene je treba opraviti zlasti za sheme, pri katerih so možnosti izkrivljanja še posebno velike, to so sheme, pri katerih obstaja tveganje, da bi znatno omejile konkurenco, če se njihovo izvajanje ne pregleda pravočasno.
As from 1 July 2016, and with the exception of individual aid awards below EUR 500000, EFTA States must publish on a comprehensive State aid website, at national or regional level, at least the following information on notified State aid measures:
Glede na cilje zahteve iz točke 120 ter za zagotovitev, da se državam Efte in manjšim ukrepom pomoči ne naloži nesorazmerno veliko breme, ta zahteva velja samo za sheme pomoči z velikim proračunom, ki imajo nove značilnosti, ali če so predvidene pomembne tržne ali tehnološke spremembe oziroma spremembe predpisov.
the full text of the aid scheme and its implementing provisions or legal basis for individual aid, or a link to it;
Oceno mora na podlagi skupne metodologije [53] opraviti strokovnjak, neodvisen od organa, ki dodeljuje pomoč, in jo je treba nato objaviti.
the identity of the aid awarding authority;
Države Efte morajo skupaj z zadevno shemo pomoči priglasiti osnutek načrta ocenjevanja, ki bo sestavni del ocene sheme Nadzornega organa.
the identity of individual beneficiaries;
Nadzorni organ v primeru shem pomoči, ki so s področja uporabe uredbe o skupinskih izjemah izključene izključno zaradi svojega velikega proračuna, njihovo združljivost oceni zgolj na podlagi načrta ocenjevanja.
the form and amount of aid awarded to each beneficiary;
Oceno je treba Nadzornemu organu predložiti pravočasno, da lahko oceni morebitno podaljšanje sheme pomoči, v vsakem primeru pa ob izteku sheme.
the date of award;
Natančen obseg in način priprave vsake ocene bosta opredeljena v sklepu o odobritvi sheme pomoči.
the type of beneficiary (SME or large enterprise);
Vsak naslednji ukrep pomoči s podobnim ciljem, vključno s katero koli spremembo shem pomoči iz točke 122, mora upoštevati rezultate ocene.
the region in which the beneficiary is located (at statistical region level 2 [50]);
Države Efte morajo v skladu s Sporazumom o nadzornem organu in sodišču ter prečiščeno različico Odločbe Nadzornega organa št. 195/04/COL [54] Nadzornemu organu predložiti letna poročila.