natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The obligation to provide free digital and physical learning material constitutes a considerable financial burden on the Norwegian county authorities.
Kot element v prizadevanjih za zmanjšanje stroškov posameznega učenca prek razširjenega dostopa do digitalnega učnega gradiva in njegove uporabe vlada predlaga, da se znesek 50000000 NOK nameni razvoju in uporabi digitalnega učnega gradiva.
In view of these additional costs, the Norwegian government decided in 2006 to provide additional funds.
Okrajne vloge lahko vključujejo eno, več ali vse srednje šole v okraju ter lahko obravnavajo eno ali več tem.
The provision of these funds was included in a revised State budget which was adopted on 12 May 2006:
Cilj tega prispevka je spodbuditi razvoj in uporabo digitalnega učnega gradiva ter prispevati k zmanjšanju stroškov učencev, povezanih z učnim gradivom.
‘The government's goal is to introduce learning materials in secondary schools free of charge.
Sredstva se lahko uporabijo za javno naročanje ali lokalni razvoj digitalnega učnega gradiva.
At the same time the government wants to stimulate the use of digital learning materials in secondary schools.
Ne smejo pa se uporabiti za razvoj digitalne infrastrukture.
As an element in the work for reduced costs for the single pupil through extended access to and use of digital learning materials, the Government suggests that NOK 50000000,- should be used for the development and use of digital learning material.
Načrt je dati (sic.) [prednost] aplikacijam na podlagi sodelovanja med okraji.“ [13] (neuradni prevod norveških organov)
The applications from counties can include one, several or all secondary schools in the county and it can include one or several topics.
Poziv k oddaji vlog
The goal with this contribution is to stimulate the development and use of digital learning material and to contribute to the reduction of the pupils costs related to learning materials.
„Povečanje dostopa do digitalnega učnega gradiva v višjih srednjih šolah in zagotavljanje njegove široke uporabe.
The funds shall not be used for developing digital infrastructure.
Povečanje obsega in raznolikosti digitalnega učnega gradiva, namenjenega višjemu srednješolskemu izobraževanju.
The plan is to give (sic.) [priority] to applications based on cooperation between counties.’ [13] (unofficial translation by the Norwegian authorities)
Zmanjšanje stroškov učencev, povezanih s pridobivanjem učnega gradiva.“ (neuradni prevod norveških organov)
Invitation to Submit an Application
[…] V [revidiranem državnem proračunu] za leto 2006 vlada navaja:
In a letter dated 19 June 2006 the Ministry of Education and Research submitted an invitation to the county authorities to apply separately or jointly for the NOK 50 million that had been made available by 15 August 2006.
Vodje na področju šolstva 19 norveških okrajnih organov so se avgusta 2006 sestali, da bi razpravljali o morebitni skupni vlogi za pridobitev sredstev.
The letter describes the objectives and the concept of the initiative as follows:
Medtem ko je okrajni organ Osla sklenil, da se ne bo vključil v projekt sodelovanja, se je ostalih 18 okrajnih organov odločilo udeležiti medobčinskega sodelovanja in ustanoviti podjetje NDLA, ki bo za nedoločen čas upravljalo proces.
Increase the volume and diversity of digital teaching material intended fort upper secondary education.
Glede na informacije na spletišču podjetja NDLA, je bil razlog Akershusa za ponoven pristop ta, da „[s]e je od izstopa iz podjetja NDLA močno povečala uporaba predmetov na spletnem mestu ndla.no.“ (neuradni prevod), kar pomeni, da podjetje NDLA od danes naprej vključuje 18 okrajnih organov.
A reduction of student expenditure related to the acquisition of teaching material.’ (unofficial translation by the Norwegian authorities)
SREDSTVA ZA OKRAJNE ORGANE
(…) In the [revised State budget] for 2006 the government states the following:
Vseh 18 okrajnih organov je 15. oktobra 2006 skupaj oddalo vlogo za državna sredstva ministrstvu za izobraževanje in raziskave, ki je vlogo predhodno odobrilo in dodelilo nepovratna sredstva v znesku 2 milijona NOK za načrtovanje projekta ter dodatnih 15 milijonov NOK za razvoj in nakup vsebin (tj. skupaj 17 milijonov NOK).
Creation of the NDLA
Načrt projekta, ki je bil prejet 16. februarja 2007, je bil odobren 20. aprila 2007, pri čemer je bilo dodatnih 15 milijonov NOK dodeljenih pod več pogoji:
In August 2006, the heads of education of the 19 Norwegian county authorities met to discuss the possibility of a joint application for the funds.
„Sredstva se uporabijo za nakup, razvoj in/ali prilagajanje digitalnih učnih orodij v zvezi s predmetoma norveški jezik in naravoslovje za VGI [18] od jeseni 2007.
While the county authority of Oslo decided not to participate in a cooperative project, the other 18 county authorities decided to enter into an inter-municipal cooperation and to set up the NDLA to manage the process for an indefinite period.
Ta subjekt je lahko npr. podjetje, medobčinsko sodelovanje ali okrajni organ gostitelj, ki pa ne sme opravljati gospodarske dejavnosti.
Each of these county authorities subsequently adopted the following resolution:
[…] Ministrstvo pričakuje, da se nakup digitalnega učnega gradiva in razvoj storitev izvajata v skladu s predpisi javnega naročanja.
‘The County Council passes a resolution for the following counties, Akershus, Aust-Agder, Buskerud, Finnmark, Hedmark, Hordaland, Nordland, Nord-Trøndelag, Møre og Romsdal, Oppland, Rogaland, Sogn og Fjordane, Sør-Trøndelag, Telemark, Troms, Vest-Agder, Vestfold and Østfold, to establish an inter-municipal cooperation, the NDLA, with its own Board in accordance with §27 of the Local Government Act.
Razvoj digitalnih učnih virov s strani uslužbencev okrajnega organa se obravnava kot dejavnost za svoj račun, če okrajni organi od te dejavnosti nimajo nobenega dobička.
The purpose of this collaboration is to facilitate the purchase, development, deployment and organisation of digital learning resources for all subjects in upper secondary education.
Razvoj s strani oseb, ki niso uslužbenci okrajnega organa, je treba obravnavati kot nakup storitev ter na običajen način oceniti na podlagi pravil in predpisov za javno naročanje.“ [19] (neuradni prevod)(26) Po odobritvi sredstev je ministrstvo za izobraževanje in raziskave projektu NDLA v obdobju treh let namenilo 30,5 milijona NOK (2 milijona NOK in 15 milijonov NOK v obdobju 2006–2007, 9 milijonov NOK leta 2008 za razvoj (digitalnega) učnega gradiva ter 4,5 milijona NOK leta 2009 za infrastrukturo in tehnično podporo) (glej povzetek v preglednici iz uvodne izjave 27) [20].
The result shall be free digital learning material that facilitates active learning and sharing (…)’ [15] (unofficial translation by the Norwegian authorities) (24) On 1 December 2012, Akershus decided to leave the NDLA, but then decided to rejoin the NDLA as of 1 January 2014.
Poleg tega so okrajni organi po spremembi Zakona o šolstvu leta 2007 prejeli nadomestilo za obveznosti zagotovitve (fizičnega in digitalnega) učnega gradiva v obliki zvišanja nepovratnih sredstev, ki jih okrajnim organom dodeli ministrstvo za lokalno samoupravo in regionalni razvoj, ki je bilo 1. januarja 2014 preimenovano v ministrstvo za lokalno samoupravo in modernizacijo [21].
FUNDS FOR THE COUNTY AUTHORITIES
Leto
The grant for NOK 15 million was not to be awarded before the project plan was approved [17].
Državna nepovratna sredstva, dodeljena okrajnim organom za namene zagotovitve brezplačnega učnega gradiva (splošno)
The project plan, which was received on 16 February 2007, was approved on 20 April 2007 and the additional NOK 15 million was granted subject to a number of conditions:
287 milijonov NOK
‘The funds shall be used for the purchasing, development and/or adaptation of digital learning tools in the subjects Norwegian, and natural sciences, for VGI [18], from fall 2007 (…)
211 milijonov NOK
The Ministry requests further that the county authorities jointly identify a responsible legal entity that will take care of the county authorities' responsibility for digital learning resources under this initiative.
347 milijonov NOK
Such an entity can be e.g. a corporation, an inter-municipal cooperation or a host county authority but it cannot itself engage in economic activity.
308 milijonov NOK
The Ministry expects that the purchase of digital learning materials and development services are performed in accordance with the regulations for public procurement.
Nepovratna sredstva, ki jih je ministrstvo za izobraževanje in raziskave dodelilo podjetju NDLA (specifično)
The development of digital learning resources by county authority employees is to be regarded as an activity for its own account, provided that the county authorities do not gain any profits from this activity.
17 milijonov NOK
The development by people who are not county authority employees must be regarded as the purchase of services and should be evaluated based on the rules and regulations for public procurement in the usual way.’
9 milijonov NOK
(unofficial translation)(26) Following the approval of the funds the Ministry of Education and Research transferred NOK 30,5 million over a period of three years (NOK 2 million and 15 million in 2006-2007, NOK 9 million in 2008 for the development of (digital) learning material and NOK 4,5 million in 2009 for infrastructure and technical support) to the NDLA project (see summary in table below in paragraph 27) [20].
4,5 [23] milijona NOK
In addition to this, following the amendment of the Education Act in 2007, the county authorities were compensated for the obligations to provide (physical and digital) learning material through an increase in the county authority grant scheme from the Ministry of Local Governments and Regional Development, which was renamed the Ministry of Local Governments and Modernisation as of 1 January 2014 [21].
Financiranje podjetja NDLA s strani okrajnih organov
This compensation was based on the estimated costs of providing learning materials in all subjects.
Sodelujoči okrajni organi so sklenili, da bodo del sredstev iz splošne sheme nepovratnih sredstev iz uvodne izjave 27 namenili projektu NDLA.
The compensation amounts are summarised below [22]:
Dodeljena proračunska sredstva okrajnih organov so povzeta spodaj [24]:
Year
Nepovratna sredstva, ki so jih okrajni organi [25] dodelili podjetju NDLA
2006-2007
21,1 milijona NOK
State grant to the county authorities in order for them to provide free learning material (general)
34,7 milijona NOK
NOK 287 million
58,8 [26] milijona NOK
NOK 211 million
57,7 [27] milijona NOK
NOK 347 million
64,9 [28] milijona NOK
NOK 308 million
Delež/znesek proračunskih sredstev okrajnih organov, dodeljenih podjetju NDLA za brezplačno učno gradivo
Grant from Ministry of Education and Research to NDLA (specific)
355 NOK na učenca
NOK 17 million
400 NOK na učenca
NOK 9 million
Čeprav se je način stekanja sredstev v podjetje NDLA sčasoma spremenil, je osnovni vir financiranja ostal isti, tj. nepovratna sredstva države, in sicer prek ministrstva za izobraževanje in raziskave ter ministrstva za lokalno samoupravo in modernizacijo.
NOK 4,5 million [23]
Podjetje NDLA je v prvem letu poslovanja dejansko prejelo nepovratna sredstva neposredno od ministrstva za izobraževanje in raziskave (17 milijonov NOK leta 2007).
Funding of the NDLA by the County Authorities
Drugo in tretje leto so podjetje NDLA neposredno financirali država in okrajni organi, ki so podjetju NDLA del svojih nepovratnih sredstev dodelili prek države.
The participating county authorities decided to use part of the funds from the general grant scheme, referred to in paragraph 27 above, for the NDLA project.
Ministrstvo za izobraževanje in raziskave je krilo le stroške tehnične podpore in infrastrukture podjetja NDLA, tj. širjenje in selitev sistema upravljanja vsebine, v znesku 4,5 milijona NOK, ki ga je dodelilo leta 2009, saj je bila finančna odgovornost za brezplačno učno gradivo s 1. julijem 2009 prenesena na okrajne organe [29].
The county authorities' budget allocation is summarised below [24]:
Od leta 2010 se podjetje NDLA financira le iz proračunov okrajnih organov, ki v zameno uporabljajo sredstva, ki jih prejmejo v okviru splošne sheme nepovratnih sredstev, s katero upravlja ministrstvo za lokalno samoupravo in modernizacijo.
Grant from the county authorities [25] to the NDLA
Pravna podlaga financiranja
NOK 21,1 million
Pravna podlaga za sredstva, ki jih je ministrstvo za izobraževanje in raziskave dodelilo podjetju NDLA, je resolucija Parlamenta o državnem proračunu skupaj s prenosom pristojnosti za odobritev vlog za nepovratna sredstva na ministrstvo.
NOK 34,7 million
Pravno podlago za nepovratna sredstva, ki so jih podjetju NDLA dodelili okrajni organi, zagotavljajo proračunske resolucije sodelujočih okrajnih organov [30].
NOK 58,8 million [26]
USTANOVITEV PODJETJA NDLA [31]
NOK 57,7 million [27]
Ad hoc sodelovanje: 15. oktober 2006–1. julij 2009
NOK 64,9 million [28]
Podjetje NDLA je od 15. oktobra 2006 [32] do 1. julija 2009 izvajalo ad hoc sodelovanje, preden je bilo uradno ustanovljeno kot subjekt za izvajanje medobčinskega sodelovanja v skladu s členom 27 Zakona o lokalni samoupravi.
Percentage/amount of the county authorities budget for free learning materials to the NDLA
Okrajni organi, ki sodelujejo s podjetjem NDLA, so se od 15. oktobra do 15. februarja 2007 osredotočali na oblikovanje načrta projekta, ki bi ga predložili ministrstvu za izobraževanje in raziskave, da bi pridobili odobritev in financiranje za podjetje NDLA.
NOK 355 per student
Ministrstvo je načrt projekta prejelo 16. februarja 2007 in ga odobrilo aprila 2007 [33].
NOK 400 per student
Takrat je strateške odločitve v zvezi s projektom sprejemal „forum vodij okrajnih organov na področju izobraževanja“ (v nadaljnjem besedilu: FFU) [34].
Whilst the manner in which the funds were funnelled to the NDLA changed over time, the ultimate source of the funding remained the same, namely grants from the State, through the Ministry of Education and Research and the Ministry of Local Governments and Modernisation.
Za vsakodnevno upravljanje projekta je bil odgovoren upravni odbor, ki ga je imenoval FFU in je vključeval pet članov; ti člani so bili tudi direktorji zavodov za izobraževanje na ravni okrajnih organov.
Indeed, in its first year of operation, the NDLA was granted funds directly from the Ministry of Education and Research (NOK 17 million in 2007).
Po navedbah norveških organov je odbor vključeval vsaj enega predstavnika iz treh regij usposabljanja (tj. severna regija, jugozahodna regija in vzhodna regija) in vodjo FFU [35].
Then in its second and third year, the NDLA was financed both directly from the State, as well as from the county authorities, which allocated part of their grants from the State to the NDLA.
Poleg teh petih članov odbora so se s projektom ukvarjali štirje uslužbenci iz različnih okrajnih organov [36].
The Ministry of Education and Research only covered the cost of the technical support and infrastructure to the NDLA, i.e. up-scaling and moving of the content management system, of NOK 4.5 million in 2009, as the financial responsibility for free teaching materials was transferred to the county authorities as of 1 July 2009 [29].
Upravni odbor podjetja NDLA je izvajal dogovorjen mandat, ki so ga določili sodelujoči okrajni organi in je vključeval dva posebna cilja [37]:
From 2010 until now, the NDLA has been financed solely from the county authorities' budgets, which in turn use the funds they receive from the general grant scheme administered by the Ministry of Local Governments and Modernisation.
ustanovitev organizacije, ki bi lahko zagotovila brezplačen dostop do digitalnega učnega gradiva, z dolgoročnim ciljem zadovoljiti potrebe vseh tem in tematskih področij višjih srednjih šol ter
Legal Basis for the Funding
zagotoviti digitalno učno gradivo za dve specifični temi, in sicer norveški jezik in naravoslovje (drugi letnik), v višjih srednjih šolah pred jesenjo 2007.
The legal basis for the funds paid by the Ministry of Education and Research to the NDLA is the State budget resolution of the Parliament in combination with the delegation of competence to the Ministry of Education and Research to approve applications for grants.
Zaradi zagotovitve državnega financiranja je ministrstvo za izobraževanje in raziskave zahtevalo, da je za projekt odgovoren pravni subjekt.
The legal basis for the grants from the county authorities to the NDLA is to be found in the budget resolutions of the participating county authorities [30].
V odziv na to zahtevo je bil kot odgovorni pravni subjekt imenovan okrajni organ Hordalanda.
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NDLA [31]
To imenovanje je bilo potrjeno s sklepom okrajnega organa Hordalanda z dne 16. oktobra 2007 [38], drugi sodelujoči okrajni organi pa so soglasje zagotovili prek svojih odborov.
Ad hoc Cooperation: 15 October 2006 — 1 July 2009
Sodelujoči okrajni organi so v obdobju 2008–2009 razpravljali o tem, kako je treba podjetje NDLA organizirati v prihodnje.
From 15 October 2006 [32] until 1 July 2009, the NDLA was active as an ad hoc cooperation, before it was formally established as an inter-municipal cooperation pursuant Article 27 of the Local Government Act.
Cilj je bil oblikovati dogovor, hkrati pa čim bolj zmanjšati potrebne spremembe obstoječega sodelovanja [39].
From 15 October until 15 February 2007, the county authorities participating in the NDLA focused on putting together a project plan to submit to the Ministry of Education and Research with a view to obtaining approval and funding for the NDLA.
Nazadnje so odbori vseh okrajnih organov sprejeli popolnoma enake resolucije, s katerimi so odobrili vključitev okrajnih organov v medobčinsko sodelovanje v skladu z oddelkom 27 Zakona o lokalni samoupravi.
The project plan was received by the Ministry on 16 February 2007 and was approved in April 2007 [33].
V resolucijah je bilo navedeno, da je cilj podjetja NDLA nakup, razvoj in distribucija digitalnega učnega gradiva za vse predmete, ki se poučujejo v višjih srednjih šolah na Norveškem.
At that time, the strategic decisions related to the project were taken by the ‘forum for the county authorities Heads of Education’ (‘FFU’) [34].
Okrajni organi so sklenili, da sodelovanje ne sme biti ločen pravni subjekt, kar izraža tudi statut podjetja NDLA [40].
The day-to-day management of the project was led by a board of directors, appointed by the FFU, composed of five members; these five members were also directors of education at county authority level.
Glede na datum, naveden v statutu, je bilo podjetje NDLA kot medobčinsko sodelovanje uradno ustanovljeno 1. julija 2009.
According to the information provided by the Norwegian authorities the board consisted of at least one representative from the three training regions (i.e. Northern Region, South Western Region and Eastern Region) and the leader of the FFU [35].
Ta datum so norveški organi potrdili kot točen datum ustanovitve [41].
In addition to these five board members, four employees from different county authorities worked on the project [36].
Po navedbah norveških organov je bil statut leta 2012 nekoliko spremenjen [42].
The NDLA's board of directors followed an agreed mandate established by the participating county authorities, which included two specific goals [37]:
Ta sprememba ni spremenila pristojnosti podjetja NDLA, kot je določena v uvodni izjavi 52.
Establishing an organisation that could offer free accessible digital learning material with the long term goal of covering the need of every topic and topic-area in upper secondary schools; and
Medobčinsko sodelovaje – nadzorni svet in upravni odbor
Offering digital learning material covering two specific topics, namely Norwegian language and science (second grade), in upper secondary schools before the autumn of 2007.
V skladu s statutom prevzame FFU vlogo nadzornega sveta [43] in s tem ostane pristojen za splošno upravljanje, tako kot v fazi ad hoc sodelovanja.
In order to benefit from state funding, the Ministry of Education and Research required that a legal entity be responsible for the project.
V spremenjenem besedilu statuta iz leta 2012 je bilo izbrisano sklicevanje na FFU, vendar ostaja sestava in funkcija nadzornega sveta nespremenjena.
As a result of this request, the county authority of Hordaland was appointed as the responsible legal entity.
To izraža namen in strukturo medobčinskega sodelovanja, pri katerem morajo biti v najvišjem organu sprejemanja odločitev zastopani vsi sodelujoči okrajni organi [44].
This was confirmed by way of a decision by the Hordaland county authority on 16 October 2007 [38] and consented to by the other participating county authorities through their own boards.
V skladu s statutom upravni odbor vključuje vsaj pet članov, vključno z vsaj enim predstavnikom posamezne regije usposabljanja (tj. severna regija, jugozahodna regija in vzhodna regija), tj. enaka sestava kot v fazi ad hoc sodelovanja [45].
During the course of 2008 and 2009, the participating county authorities discussed how the NDLA should be organised for the future.
V skladu s statutom [46] je naloga upravnega odbora zagotoviti, da podjetje NDLA lahko izvaja svoje naloge v skladu s statutom, tj. zagotavlja, (1) da je uporabnikom na voljo brezplačno digitalno izobraževalno gradivo, (2) da sta sodelovanje in izmenjava značilnosti višjega srednjega šolstva, (3) da učenci in učitelji dejavno sodelujejo pri poučevanju in učenju, (4) da so akademske ustanove in omrežja z vse države gonilna sila razvoja kakovostnega digitalnega učnega gradiva ter (5) da so za potrebe učencev in učiteljev na voljo ustrezne vsebine in storitve.
The objective was to formalise the arrangement whilst minimising the changes needed to the existing cooperation [39].
Čeprav ima upravni odbor pristojnost, da prevzame finančne obveznosti v imenu udeležencev, je v statutu izrecno navedeno, da upravni odbor izvaja svojo pristojnost le na podlagi sklepov o prenosu, ki jih sprejme nadzorni svet, ki lahko tudi daje navodila upravnemu odboru in ovrže njegove sklepe.
Eventually, the boards of all the county authorities passed identical resolutions authorising the county authorities to participate in an inter-municipal cooperation in accordance with Section 27 of the Local Government Act.
V spremenjenem besedilu statuta iz leta 2012 je pristojnost prevzema finančnih obveznosti v imenu sodelujočih članov podjetja NDLA implicitna, vendar ostaja delovanje upravnega odbora enako.
The resolutions stated that the goal of the NDLA was to buy, develop and distribute digital learning material in all subjects that are taught in upper secondary schools in Norway.
Vsekakor je kakršna koli takšna finančna obveznost omejena s proračunom, ki so ga sodelujoči okrajni organi določili za podjetje NDLA.
The county authorities decided that the collaboration should not be a separate legal entity and this was reflected in the NDLA Articles of Association [40].
V zvezi s tem je treba navesti, da vse finančne posle podjetja NDLA izvajata okrajni organ Hordalanda in okrajna enota za nakup BTV (za dodatne podrobnosti glej uvodno izjavo 54).
The NDLA was formally established as an inter-municipal cooperation on 1 July 2009, which is the date stated in the Articles of Association.
Poleg tega je v statutu določeno, da upravni odbor in nadzorni svet ne smeta sklepati kreditnih dogovorov ali izdajati jamstev v imenu medobčinskega sodelovanja.
This date has been confirmed by the Norwegian authorities as the correct date of establishment [41].
Norveški organi so v zvezi s tem pojasnili, da nadzorni svet, upravni odbor in uprava v praksi ne prevzemajo novih finančnih obveznosti v imenu okrajnih organov.
According to the information provided by the Norwegian authorities, the Articles of Association were slightly amended in 2012 [42].
Sklepi okrajnih organov o sprejetju medobčinskega sodelovanja
This amendment did not change the NDLA's competence, as set out below in paragraph 52.
Leta 2009 je 18 različnih okrajnih organov sprejelo sklepe o potrditvi dogovora in statusov o ustanovitvi podjetja NDLA kot medobčinskega sodelovanja.