natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Exclusive or sole licensing is often accompanied by sales restrictions that limit the parties as to where they may sell products incorporating the licensed technology.
V primeru nevzajemnih sporazumov med konkurenti se skupinska izjema uporablja za omejitve aktivne in/ali pasivne prodaje pridobitelja ali dajalca licence na izključnem ozemlju ali izključni skupini kupcev, rezerviranima za drugo pogodbenico sporazuma (glej člen 4(1)(c)(i) TTBER).
Reciprocal exclusive licensing between competitors falls under Article 4(1)(c) TTBER, which identifies market and customer sharing between competitors as a hardcore restriction.
Omejitve prodaje med dajalcem in pridobiteljem licence, ki presegajo 20-odstotni prag tržnega deleža, so zajete v členu 53(1), če imata ena ali obe stranki znatno stopnjo tržne moči.
Reciprocal sole licensing between competitors is, however, block-exempted up to the market share threshold of 20 %.
Vendar pa so lahko take omejitve nujne za razširjanje tehnologij, ki imajo precejšnjo vrednost, in zato lahko izpolnjujejo pogoje iz člena 53(3).
Under such an agreement the parties mutually commit not to license their competing technologies to third parties.
To se lahko zgodi, če ima dajalec licence razmeroma šibek tržni položaj na ozemlju, na katerem sam izkorišča tehnologijo.
In cases where the parties have a significant degree of market power such agreements may facilitate collusion by ensuring that the parties are the only sources of output in the market based on the licensed technologies.
V takih okoliščinah so lahko zlasti omejitve aktivne prodaje nujne, da dajalca licence spodbudijo k podelitvi licence.
Non-reciprocal exclusive licensing between competitors is block-exempted up to the market share threshold of 20 %.
Če takih omejitev ne bi bilo, bi bil dajalec licence lahko izpostavljen aktivni konkurenci na svojem poglavitnem področju dejavnosti.
Above the market share threshold it is necessary to analyse the likely anti-competitive effects of such exclusive licensing.
Podobno so lahko nujne omejitve aktivne prodaje, ki so naložene dajalcu licence, zlasti če ima pridobitelj licence razmeroma šibek tržni položaj na ozemlju, ki mu je dodeljeno, in mora izvesti obsežne naložbe, da učinkovito izkoristi licenčno tehnologijo.
Where the exclusive licence is worldwide it implies that the licensor leaves the market.
V skupinski izjemi so zajete tudi omejitve aktivne prodaje na ozemlju ali skupini kupcev, dodeljenima drugemu pridobitelju licence, ki v času sklenitve licenčnega sporazuma z dajalcem licence slednjemu ni bil konkurent.
In cases where exclusivity is limited to a particular territory such as an EEA State the agreement implies that the licensor abstains from producing goods and services inside the territory in question.
Vendar to drži samo v primeru nevzajemnih sporazumov (glej člen 4(1)(c)(ii) TTBER).
In the context of Article 53(1), the competitive significance of the licensor must, in particular, be assessed.
Verjetno je, da so take omejitve aktivne prodaje, ki presegajo prag tržnega deleža, zajete v členu 53(1), če imata pogodbenici znatno stopnjo tržne moči.
If the licensor has a limited market position on the product market or lacks the capacity to effectively exploit the technology in the licensee's territory, the agreement is unlikely to be caught by Article 53(1).
Vendar pa je verjetno, da je omejitev nujna v smislu člena 53(3) za obdobje, ki ga zaščiteni pridobitelj licence potrebuje za prodor na nov trg in vzpostavitev tržne prisotnosti na dodeljenem ozemlju ali glede na dodeljeno skupino kupcev.
A special case exists where the licensor and the licensee only compete on the technology market and the licensor, for instance being a research institute or a small research based undertaking, lacks the production and distribution assets to effectively bring to market products incorporating the licensed technology.
Ta zaščita pred aktivno prodajo omogoča pridobitelju licence, da preseže asimetrijo, s katero se srečuje, ker so nekateri pridobitelji licenc konkurenčna podjetja dajalcu licence in so torej na trgu že uveljavljena.
In such cases Article 53(1) is unlikely to be infringed.
Omejitve pasivne prodaje pridobiteljev licenc na ozemlju ali skupini kupcev, ki sta dodeljena drugemu pridobitelju licence, so nedopustne omejitve v skladu s členom 4(1)(c) TTBER.
Exclusive licensing between non-competitors — to the extent that it is caught by Article 53(1) [86] — is likely to fulfil the conditions of Article 53(3).
V primeru sporazumov med nekonkurenti so omejitve prodaje med dajalcem in pridobiteljem licence predmet skupinske izjeme do 30-odstotnega praga tržnega deleža.
The right to grant an exclusive licence is generally necessary in order to induce the licensee to invest in the licensed technology and to bring the products to market in a timely manner.
Pri preseženem pragu tržnega deleža so omejitve aktivne in pasivne prodaje pridobiteljev licenc na ozemljih ali skupinam kupcev, ki so rezervirani izključno za dajalca licence, lahko nujne za razširjanje tehnologij, ki imajo precejšnjo vrednost, in zato ne spadajo na področje uporabe člena 53(1) ali izpolnjujejo pogoje iz člena 53(3).
This is in particular the case where the licensee must make large investments in further developing the licensed technology.
To lahko drži, če ima dajalec licence razmeroma šibek tržni položaj na ozemlju, na katerem sam izkorišča tehnologijo.
To intervene against the exclusivity once the licensee has made a commercial success of the licensed technology would deprive the licensee of the fruits of its success and would be detrimental to competition, the dissemination of technology and innovation.
V drugih primerih so lahko omejitve prodaje pridobitelja licence zajete v členu 53(1) in lahko ne izpolnjujejo pogojev iz člena 53(3).
The Authority will therefore only exceptionally intervene against exclusive licensing in agreements between non-competitors, irrespective of the territorial scope of the licence.
To je verjetno, če ima dajalec licence sam znatno stopnjo tržne moči, pa tudi v primeru kumulativnega učinka vrste podobnih sporazumov, ki jih sklenejo dajalci licenc, ki imajo skupaj močan položaj na trgu.
However, if the licensee already owns a substitutable technology used for in-house production, the exclusive licence might not be necessary in order to give incentives to the licensee to bring a product to the market.
Če so omejitve prodaje, naložene dajalcu licence, zajete v členu 53(1), je verjetno, da izpolnjujejo pogoje iz člena 53(3), razen če tehnologija dajalca licence nima realnih alternativnih tehnologij na trgu ali so licenco za take nadomestne tehnologije pridobitelju licence podelile tretje osebe.
In such a scenario, the exclusive licensing may instead be caught by Article 53(1), in particular where the licensee has market power on the product market.
Verjetno je, da so take omejitve in zlasti omejitve aktivne prodaje nujne v smislu člena 53(3), da pridobitelja licence spodbudijo k izvajanju naložb v proizvodnjo, trženje in prodajo izdelkov, ki vključujejo licenčno tehnologijo.
The main situation in which intervention may be warranted is where a dominant licensee obtains an exclusive licence to one or more competing technologies.
Obstaja verjetnost, da so spodbude pridobitelja licence za izvajanje naložb bistveno manjše, če se sooča z neposredno konkurenco dajalca licence, čigar proizvodni stroški niso obremenjeni s plačili licenčnin, ki lahko povzročijo manj kot optimalno raven naložb.
Such agreements are likely to be caught by Article 53(1) and unlikely to fulfil the conditions of Article 53(3).
Glede omejitev prodaje med pridobitelji licenc v sporazumih med nekonkurenti so predmet skupinske izjeme TTBER omejitve aktivne prodaje med ozemlji ali skupinami kupcev.
However, for Article 53(1) to apply entry into the technology market must be difficult and the licensed technology must constitute a real source of competition on the market.
Omejitve aktivne prodaje med ozemlji pridobiteljev licenc in skupinami kupcev, ki presegajo 30-odstotni prag tržnega deleža, omejujejo konkurenco znotraj tehnologij in verjetno je, da so zajete v členu 53(1), če ima posamezni pridobitelj licence znatno stopnjo tržne moči.
In such circumstances an exclusive licence may foreclose third-party licensees, raise the barriers to entry and allow the licensee to preserve its market power.
Take omejitve pa lahko izpolnjujejo pogoje iz člena 53(3), če so potrebne za preprečevanje pridobivanja nezasluženih koristi in pridobitelja licence spodbudijo k izvedbi naložb, potrebnih za učinkovito izkoriščanje licenčne tehnologije znotraj njegovega ozemlja, ter k pospeševanju prodaje licenčnega izdelka.
Arrangements whereby two or more parties cross-licence each other and undertake not to licence third parties give rise to particular concerns when the package of technologies resulting from the cross-licences creates a de facto industry standard to which third parties must have access in order to compete effectively on the market.
Omejitve pasivne prodaje so zajete v seznamu nedopustnih omejitev iz člena 4(2)(b) TTBER (glej točke 119 do 127 zgoraj).
In such cases the agreement creates a closed standard reserved for the parties.
Vzajemno omejevanje obsega proizvodnje v okviru licenčnih sporazumov med konkurenti spada med nedopustne omejitve iz člena 4(1)(b) TTBER (glej točko 103 zgoraj).
The Authority will assess such arrangements according to the same principles as those applied to technology pools (see Section 4.4).
Člen 4(1)(b) ne vključuje omejitev obsega proizvodnje za tehnologijo dajalca licence, ki se naložijo pridobitelju licence v nevzajemnem sporazumu ali enemu od pridobiteljev licence v vzajemnem sporazumu.
There will normally be a requirement that the technologies which support such a standard be licensed to third parties on fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory terms [87].
Take omejitve so predmet skupinske izjeme do 20-odstotnega praga tržnega deleža.
Where the parties to the arrangement compete with third parties on an existing product market and the arrangement relates to that product market, a closed standard is likely to have substantial exclusionary effects.
Če je presežen prag tržnega deleža, lahko omejitve obsega proizvodnje, naložene pridobitelju licence, omejijo konkurenco, kadar imata pogodbenici znatno stopnjo tržne moči.
This negative impact on competition can only be avoided by licensing also to third parties.
Vendar pa je verjetno, da se bo člen 53(3) uporabljal v primerih, ko je tehnologija dajalca licence znatno boljša od tehnologije pridobitelja licence ter omejitev obsega proizvodnje znatno presega obseg proizvodnje pridobitelja licence pred sklenitvijo sporazuma.
Also as regards sales restrictions there is an important distinction to be made between licensing between competitors and between non-competitors.
V navedenem primeru je učinek omejitve obsega proizvodnje omejen tudi na trgih, na katerih povpraševanje narašča.
Restrictions on active and passive sales by one or both parties in a reciprocal agreement between competitors are hardcore restrictions of competition under Article 4(1)(c) TTBER.
Pri uporabi člena 53(3) je treba upoštevati tudi, da obstaja možnost, da so take omejitve nujne, da se dajalca licence spodbudi k čim obsežnejšemu razširjanju njegove tehnologije.
Such sales restrictions are caught by Article 53(1) and are unlikely to fulfil the conditions of Article 53(3).
Dajalec licence lahko na primer ni naklonjen podelitvi licence svojim konkurentom, če licence ne more omejiti na določen proizvodni obrat s posebno zmogljivostjo (licenca, vezana na proizvodni obrat).
Such restrictions are generally considered market sharing, since they prevent the affected party from selling actively and passively into territories and to customer groups which it actually served or could realistically have served in the absence of the agreement.
Če ima licenčni sporazum za posledico stvarno povezovanje komplementarnih sredstev, lahko omejitve obsega proizvodnje, naložene pridobitelju licence, posledično izpolnjujejo pogoje iz člena 53(3).
In the case of non-reciprocal agreements between competitors the block exemption applies to restrictions on active and/or passive sales by the licensee or the licensor into the exclusive territory or to the exclusive customer group reserved for the other party (see Article 4(1)(c)(i) TTBER).
Vendar pa je to malo verjetno, če imata pogodbenici znatno tržno moč.
Above the market share threshold of 20 % sales restrictions between licensor and licensee are caught by Article 53(1) when one or both of the parties have a significant degree of market power.
Omejitve obsega proizvodnje v okviru licenčnih sporazumov med nekonkurenti so predmet skupinske izjeme do 30-odstotnega praga tržnega deleža.
Such restrictions may, however, be indispensable for the dissemination of valuable technologies and may therefore fulfil the conditions of Article 53(3).
Poglavitno protikonkurenčno tveganje, ki izhaja iz omejitev obsega proizvodnje, naloženih pridobiteljem licenc v okviru sporazumov med nekonkurenti, je zmanjšana konkurenca med pridobitelji licenc znotraj tehnologij.
This may be the case where the licensor has a relatively weak market position in the territory where it exploits the technology itself.
Teža takih protikonkurenčnih učinkov je odvisna od tržnega položaja dajalca licence in pridobiteljev licenc ter obsega, v katerem omejitev proizvodnje pridobitelju licence preprečuje, da zadosti povpraševanju po izdelkih, ki vključujejo licenčno tehnologijo.
In such circumstances restrictions on active sales in particular may be indispensable to induce the licensor to grant the licence.
Če so omejitve obsega proizvodnje kombinirane z omejitvami, vezanimi na dodelitev izključnih ozemelj ali izključnih skupin kupcev, se povečajo tudi omejevalni učinki.
In the absence of such restrictions the licensor would risk facing active competition in its main area of activity.
V primeru kombinacije obeh vrst omejitev je bolj verjetno, da je cilj sporazuma razdelitev trgov.
Similarly, restrictions on active sales by the licensor may be indispensable, in particular, where the licensee has a relatively weak market position in the territory allocated to it and has to make significant investments in order to efficiently exploit the licensed technology.
Omejitve obsega proizvodnje, naložene pridobitelju licence v okviru sporazumov med nekonkurenti, imajo lahko tudi učinke, ki spodbujajo konkurenco, ker pospešujejo razširjanje tehnologije.
The block exemption also covers restrictions on active sales into the territory or to the customer group allocated to another licensee, which was not a competitor of the licensor at the time when it concluded the licence agreement with the licensor.
Dajalec licence bi moral navadno kot dobavitelj tehnologije prosto določati obseg proizvodnje pridobitelja licence na podlagi licenčne tehnologije.
This is, however, only the case when the agreement between the parties in question is non-reciprocal (see Article 4(1)(c)(ii) TTBER).
Če dajalec licence ne bi imel pravice prosto določati obsega proizvodnje pridobitelja licence, se številni licenčni sporazumi sploh ne bi mogli uresničiti, kar bi imelo negativen učinek na razširjanje novih tehnologij.
Above the market share threshold such active sales restrictions are likely to be caught by Article 53(1) when the parties have a significant degree of market power.
To je zlasti verjetno, če je dajalec licence tudi proizvajalec, ker se lahko proizvodnja pridobiteljev licenc ponovno vključi v poglavitno področje dejavnosti dajalca licence in tako neposredno vpliva na te dejavnosti.
The restraint is nevertheless likely to be indispensable within the meaning of Article 53(3) for the period of time required for the protected licensee to penetrate a new market and establish a market presence in the allocated territory or vis-à-vis the allocated customer group.
Po drugi strani je manj verjetno, da bi bile omejitve obsega proizvodnje potrebne za zagotovitev razširjanja tehnologije dajalca licence, če so kombinirane z omejitvami prodaje, naloženimi pridobitelju licence, ki slednjemu ne dovoljujejo prodajati na ozemlju ali skupini kupcev, ki sta rezervirana za dajalca licence.
This protection against active sales allows the licensee to overcome the asymmetry, which it faces due to the fact that some of the licensees are competing undertakings of the licensor and thus already established on the market.
V okviru omejitve področja uporabe je licenca omejena bodisi na eno ali več tehničnih področij uporabe bodisi na enega ali več proizvodnih trgov ali industrijskih sektorjev.
Restrictions on passive sales by licensees into a territory or to a customer group allocated to another licensee are hardcore restrictions under Article 4(1)(c) of the TTBER.
Industrijski sektor lahko zajema več proizvodnih trgov, ne pa dela proizvodnega trga.
In the case of agreements between non-competitors sales restrictions between the licensor and a licensee are block-exempted up to the market share threshold of 30 %.
V mnogih primerih se ista tehnologija lahko uporablja za proizvajanje različnih izdelkov ali se lahko vključi v izdelke, ki pripadajo različnim proizvodnim trgom.
Above the market share threshold restrictions on active and passive sales by licensees to territories or customer groups reserved exclusively for the licensor may be indispensable for the dissemination of valuable technologies and therefore fall outside Article 53(1) or fulfil the conditions of Article 53(3).
Nove tehnologije izdelave modelov se lahko na primer uporabijo pri izdelavi plastenk in plastičnih kozarcev, pri čemer vsak izdelek pripada ločenemu proizvodnemu trgu.
This may be the case where the licensor has a relatively weak market position in the territory where it exploits itself the technology.
Vendar pa lahko en sam proizvodni trg zajema več tehničnih področij uporabe.
In other cases sales restrictions on the licensee may be caught by Article 53(1) and may not fulfil the conditions of Article 53(3).
Nova tehnologija motorjev se na primer lahko uporabi pri štirivaljnih in šestvaljnih motorjih.
This is likely to be the case where the licensor individually has a significant degree of market power and also where a series of similar agreements concluded by licensors which together hold a strong position on the market have a cumulative effect.
Podobno se lahko tehnologija za proizvodnjo sistemskih naborov uporabi za proizvajanje sistemskih naborov z največ štirimi centralnimi procesnimi enotami in sistemskih naborov z več kot štirimi centralnimi procesnimi enotami.
Sales restrictions on the licensor, when caught by Article 53(1), are likely to fulfil the conditions of Article 53(3) unless there are no real alternatives to the licensor's technology on the market or such alternatives are licensed by the licensee from third parties.
Licenca, ki omejuje uporabo licenčne tehnologije, na primer na proizvodnjo štirivaljnih motorjev in sistemskih naborov z največ štirimi centralnimi procesnimi enotami, pomeni omejitev tehničnega področja uporabe.
Such restrictions and in particular restrictions on active sales are likely to be indispensable within the meaning of Article 53(3) in order to induce the licensee to invest in the production, marketing and sale of the products incorporating the licensed technology.
Ker so omejitve področja uporabe zajete s skupinsko izjemo in nekatere omejitve, ki se nanašajo na kupce, spadajo med nedopustne omejitve v skladu s členom 4(1)(c) in 4(2)(b) TTBER, je treba razlikovati med dvema skupinama omejitev.
It is likely that the licensee's incentive to invest would be significantly reduced if it faced direct competition from the licensor whose production costs are not burdened by royalty payments, possibly leading to sub-optimal levels of investment.
Omejitev, ki se nanaša na kupce, predpostavlja, da so bile opredeljene posebne skupine kupcev in da sta pogodbenici sporazuma omejeni pri prodaji tem opredeljenim skupinam.
As regards sales restrictions between licensees in agreements between non-competitors, the TTBER block-exempts restrictions on active selling between territories or customer groups.
Dejstvo, da lahko omejitev tehničnega področja uporabe sovpada z nekaterimi skupinami kupcev na proizvodnem trgu, ne pomeni, da je treba omejitev opredeliti kot omejitev, ki se nanaša na kupce.
Above the market share threshold of 30 % restrictions on active sales between licensees' territories and customer groups limit intra-technology competition and are likely to be caught by Article 53(1) when the individual licensee has a significant degree of market power.
Na primer dejstvo, da nekateri kupci kupujejo pretežno ali izključno sistemske nabore z več kot štirimi centralnimi procesnimi enotami, ne pomeni, da spada licenca, omejena na sistemske nabore z največ štirimi centralnimi procesnimi enotami, med omejitve, ki se nanašajo na kupce.
However, such restrictions may fulfil the conditions of Article 53(3) where they are necessary to prevent free riding and to induce the licensee to make the investment necessary for efficient exploitation of the licensed technology inside its territory and to promote sales of the licensed product.
Vendar pa je treba področje uporabe opredeliti objektivno s sklicevanjem na opredeljene in pomembne tehnične lastnosti pogodbenega izdelka.
Restrictions on passive sales are covered by the hardcore list of Article 4(2)(b) of the TTBER (see points (119) to (127) above).
Ker nekatere omejitve obsega proizvodnje spadajo med nedopustne omejitve v skladu s členom 4(1)(b) TTBER, je pomembno poudariti, da se omejitve področja uporabe ne štejejo za omejitve obsega proizvodnje, ker omejitev področja uporabe ne omejuje obsega proizvodnje pridobitelja licence znotraj licenčnega področja uporabe.
Reciprocal output restrictions in licence agreements between competitors constitute a hardcore restriction as set out in Article 4(1)(b) of the TTBER (see point (103) above).
Omejitev področja uporabe omejuje pridobitelja licence pri izkoriščanju licenčne tehnologije na eno ali več posameznih področij uporabe, ne da bi omejevala sposobnost dajalca licence za izkoriščanje licenčne tehnologije.
Article 4(1)(b) does not cover output restrictions on the licensor's technology imposed on the licensee in a non-reciprocal agreement or on one of the licensees in an reciprocal agreement.
Poleg tega se lahko ta področja uporabe, kakor to velja za ozemlja, dodelijo pridobitelju licence v okviru izključne ali edine licence.
Such restrictions are block-exempted up to the market share threshold of 20 %.
Omejitve področja uporabe, kombinirane z izključno ali edino licenco, prav tako omejujejo sposobnost dajalca licence za izkoriščanje lastne tehnologije, tako da mu preprečujejo, da jo izkorišča sam, tudi s podeljevanjem licence drugim.
Above the market share threshold, output restrictions on the licensee may restrict competition where the parties have a significant degree of market power.
V primeru edine licence je omejeno le podeljevanje licenc tretjim osebam.
However, Article 53(3) is likely to apply in cases where the licensor's technology is substantially better than the licensee's technology and the output limitation substantially exceeds the output of the licensee prior to the conclusion of the agreement.
Omejitve področja uporabe, kombinirane z izključnimi ali edinimi licencami, se obravnavajo na enak način kot izključne in edine licence v poglavju 4.2.2. zgoraj.
In that case the effect of the output limitation is limited even in markets where demand is growing.
Za podeljevanje licenc med konkurenti to zlasti pomeni, da se vzajemno podeljevanje izključnih licenc šteje za nedopustno omejitev v skladu s členom 4(1)(c).
In the application of Article 53(3) it must also be taken into account that such restrictions may be necessary in order to induce the licensor to disseminate its technology as widely as possible.
Omejitve področja uporabe imajo lahko učinke, ki so pozitivni za konkurenco, ker dajalca licence spodbujajo k licenciranju njegove tehnologije za načine uporabe, ki ne spadajo na njegovo poglavitno področje delovanja.