natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Communication from the European Commission to the Member States on the application of Article 107 and 108 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to short-term export-credit insurance, (OJ C 392, 19.12.2012, p. 1).
Sporočilo Komisije državam članicam o uporabi členov 107 in 108 Pogodbe o delovanju Evropske unije za kratkoročno zavarovanje izvoznih kreditov (UL C 392, 19.12.2012, str. 1).
GUIDELINES ON SHORT-TERM EXPORT-CREDIT INSURANCE [1]1 Introduction
SMERNICE O KRATKOROČNEM ZAVAROVANJU IZVOZNIH KREDITOV [1]1 Uvod
Export subsidies can adversely affect competition in the marketplace among potential rival suppliers of goods and services.
Izvozne premije imajo lahko negativen učinek na konkurenco na trgu med potencialnimi konkurenčnimi ponudniki blaga in storitev.
That is why the European Commission and the EFTA Surveillance Authority (‘the Authority’), as the guardians of competition under the the EC Treaty and the EEA Agreement, have always strongly condemned export aid for intra-EEA trade and for exports outside the EEA.
Zato sta Evropska komisija in Nadzorni organ Efte (v nadaljnjem besedilu: Nadzorni organ) kot varuha konkurence v skladu s Pogodbo ES in Sporazumom EGP vedno strogo nasprotovala izvozni pomoči za trgovino znotraj EGP ter za izvoz zunaj EGP.
To prevent EEA States’ support for export-credit insurance from distorting competition, its assessment under EEA state aid rules needs to be clarified.
Da podpora držav EGP za zavarovanje izvoznih kreditov ne bi izkrivljala konkurence, je treba pojasniti, kako se taka podpora ocenjuje v skladu s pravili EGP.
In 1998, the Authority laid down the principles for state intervention in its Guidelines on short-term export-credit insurance [2].
Leta 1998 je Nadzorni organ določil načela za posredovanje države v smernicah o kratkoročnem zavarovanju izvoznih kreditov [2].
Experience gained in applying the 1998 Guidelines, in particular during the financial crisis between 2009 and 2011, suggests that the Authority’s policy in this area should be reviewed.
Izkušnje, pridobljene pri uporabi smernic iz leta 1998, zlasti med finančno krizo v letih 2009–2011, kažejo, da je treba pregledati politiko Nadzornega organa na tem področju.
The rules set out in these Guidelines will help to ensure that state aid does not distort competition among private and public or publicly supported export-credit insurers and to create a level-playing field among exporters.
Pravila iz teh smernic bodo pripomogla k preprečevanju tega, da bi državne pomoči izkrivljale konkurenco med zasebnimi in javnimi ali javno podprtimi zavarovatelji izvoznih kreditov, ter ustvarjanju enakih konkurenčnih pogojev za izvoznike.
Their aim is to give the EFTA States more detailed guidance about the principles on which the Authority intends to base its interpretation of Articles 61 and 62 of the EEA Agreement and their application to short-term export-credit insurance.
Cilj smernic je državam Efte zagotoviti podrobne smernice o načelih, po katerih namerava Nadzorni organ razlagati člena 61 in 62 Sporazuma EGP, ter o uporabi teh členov za kratkoročno zavarovanje izvoznih kreditov.
They should make the Authority’s policy in this area as transparent as possible and ensure predictability and equal treatment.
Politika Nadzornega organa na tem področju naj bi tako postala čim bolj pregledna, zagotovili pa naj bi se tudi predvidljivost in enaka obravnava.
To that end, they lays down a set of conditions that must be fulfilled when state insurers wish to enter the short-term export- credit insurance market for marketable risks.
Smernice v ta namen določajo vrsto pogojev, ki morajo biti izpolnjeni, če želijo državni zavarovatelji vstopiti na trg kratkoročnega zavarovanja izvoznih kreditov za tržna tveganja.
Risks that are in principle non-marketable are outside the scope of these Guidelines.
Tveganja, ki načeloma niso tržna, ne spadajo na področje uporabe teh smernic.
Section 2 describes the scope of these Guidelines and the definitions used.
V oddelku 2 so navedeni področje uporabe teh smernic ter opredelitve pojmov.
Section 3 deals with the applicability of Article 61(1) of the EEA Agreement and the general prohibition of state aid for the export-credit insurance of marketable risks.
Oddelek 3 obravnava uporabo člena 61(1) Sporazuma EGP in splošno prepoved državne pomoči za zavarovanje izvoznih kreditov za tržna tveganja.
Finally, Section 4 provides for some exceptions from the definition of marketable risks and specifies the conditions for state intervention in the insurance of temporarily non-marketable risks.
V oddelku 4 so navedene nekatere izjeme od opredelitve tržnih tveganj ter pogoji za posredovanje države pri zavarovanju začasnih netržnih tveganj.
2 Scope of the Guidelines and definitions
2 Področje uporabe smernic in opredelitve pojmov
The Authority will apply the principles set out in these Guidelines only to export-credit insurance with a risk period of less than two years.
Nadzorni organ bo načela iz teh smernic uporabljal samo za zavarovanje izvoznih kreditov z obdobjem tveganja manj kot dve leti.
All other export finance instruments are excluded from the scope of these Guidelines.
Vsi drugi instrumenti za financiranje izvoza so izključeni s področja uporabe teh smernic.
For the purposes of these Guidelines the following definitions will apply:
V teh smernicah se uporabljajo naslednje opredelitve pojmov:
‘co-insurance’ means the percentage of each insured loss that is not indemnified by the insurer but is borne by another insurer;
„sozavarovanje“ pomeni odstotek zavarovane škode, ki ga ne krije zavarovatelj, pač pa drug zavarovatelj;
‘credit period’ means the period of time given to the buyer to pay for the delivered goods and services under an export-credit transaction;
„kreditno obdobje“ pomeni obdobje, ki je kupcu v okviru izvozno-kreditnega posla na voljo za plačilo dostavljenega blaga in storitev;
‘commercial risks’ means risks including, in particular:
„komercialna tveganja“ pomenijo tveganja, ki vključujejo zlasti:
arbitrary repudiation of a contract by a buyer, that is to say any arbitrary decision made by a non-public buyer to interrupt or terminate the contract without a legitimate reason;
samovoljno odpoved pogodbe s strani kupca, to pomeni kakršno koli samovoljno odločitev zasebnega kupca o prekinitvi ali prenehanju pogodbe brez upravičenega razloga;
arbitrary refusal of a non-public buyer to accept the goods covered by the contract without a legitimate reason;
samovoljno odklonitev zasebnega kupca, da bi sprejel blago iz pogodbe, brez upravičenega razloga;
insolvency of a non-public buyer and its guarantor;
plačilno nesposobnost zasebnega kupca ali njegovega garanta;
protracted default, that is to say non-payment by a non-public buyer and by its guarantor of a debt resulting from the contract;
podaljšano zamudo plačila, se pravi neplačilo dolga iz pogodbe s strani zasebnega kupca ali njegovega garanta;
‘export-credit insurance’ means an insurance product whereby the insurer provides insurance against a commercial and political risk related to payment obligations in an export transaction;
„zavarovanje izvoznih kreditov“ pomeni zavarovalni produkt, s katerim zavarovatelj zagotovi zavarovanje pred komercialnimi in političnimi tveganji, povezanimi s plačilnimi obveznostmi v izvoznem poslu;
‘manufacturing period’ means the period between the date of an order and the delivery of the goods or services;
„obdobje proizvodnje“ pomeni obdobje od datuma naročila do datuma dostave blaga ali storitev;
‘marketable risks’ means commercial and political risks with a maximum risk period of less than two years, on public and non-public buyers in the countries listed in the Appendix;
„tržna tveganja“ pomenijo komercialna in politična tveganja z najdaljšim obdobjem tveganja manj kot dve leti, ki veljajo za javne in zasebne kupce v državah iz Dodatka k temu sporočilu;
all other risks are considered non-marketable for the purposes of these Guidelines.
vsa druga tveganja za namene teh smernic veljajo za netržna;
‘political risks’ means risks including, in particular:
„politična tveganja“ pomenijo tveganja, ki vključujejo zlasti:
the risk that a public buyer or country prevents the completion of a transaction or does not pay on time;
tveganje, da bosta javni kupec ali država preprečila izvedbo posla ali ne bosta plačala pravočasno;
a risk that is beyond the scope of an individual buyer or falls outside the individual buyer’s responsibility;
tveganje, ki presega zmožnosti posameznega kupca ali njegovo odgovornost;
the risk that a country fails to transfer to the country of the insured the moneys paid by buyers domiciled in that country;
tveganje, da država sredstev, ki so jih plačali kupci s sedežem v njej, ne bo prenesla državi zavarovanca;
the risk that a case of force majeure occurs outside the country of the insurer, which could include warlike events, in so far as its effects are not otherwise insured;
tveganje višje sile zunaj države zavarovatelja, ki bi lahko vključevala vojne razmere, če njeni učinki niso zavarovani drugače;
‘private credit insurer’ means a company or organisation other than a state insurer that provides export-credit insurance;
„zasebni zavarovatelj kreditov“ pomeni družbo ali organizacijo, ki ni državni zavarovatelj in ponuja zavarovanje izvoznih kreditov;
‘quota-share’ means reinsurance that requires the insurer to transfer, and the reinsurer to accept, a given percentage of every risk within a defined category of business written by the insurer;
„kvotno pozavarovanje“ pomeni pozavarovanje, pri katerem mora zavarovatelj prenesti, pozavarovatelj pa sprejeti določen odstotek vsakega tveganja znotraj opredeljene kategorije posla, ki ga sklene zavarovatelj;
‘reinsurance’ means insurance that is purchased by an insurer from another insurer to manage risk by lowering its own risk;
„pozavarovanje“ pomeni zavarovanje, ki ga zavarovatelj kupi pri drugem zavarovatelju zaradi upravljanja tveganj z zmanjšanjem lastnega tveganja;
‘risk period’ means the manufacturing period plus the credit period;
„obdobje tveganja“ pomeni obdobje proizvodnje plus kreditno obdobje;
‘single-risk cover’ means cover for all sales to one buyer or for a single contract with one buyer;
„kritje enega tveganja“ pomeni kritje za celotno prodajo določenemu kupcu ali eno pogodbo z določenim kupcem;
‘state insurer’ means a company or other organisation that provides export-credit insurance with the support of, or on behalf of, an EEA State, or an EEA State that provides export-credit insurance;
„državni zavarovatelj“ pomeni družbo ali drugo organizacijo, ki nudi zavarovanje izvoznih kreditov s podporo ali v imenu države EGP, ali državo EGP, ki nudi zavarovanje izvoznih kreditov;
‘top-up cover’ means additional cover over a credit limit established by another insurer;
„dodatno kritje“ pomeni dodatno kritje nad kreditnim limitom, ki ga določi drug zavarovatelj.
3 Applicability of Article 61(1) of the EEA Agreement
3 Uporaba člena 61(1) Sporazuma EGP
Article 61(1) of the EEA Agreement states that ‘any aid granted by a EC Member States, EFTA States or through state resources in any form whatsoever which distorts or threatens to distort competition by favouring certain undertakings or the production of certain goods shall, in so far as it affects trade between Contracting Parties, be incompatible with the functioning of this Agreement’.
Člen 61(1) Sporazuma EGP določa, da „je vsaka pomoč, ki jo dodelijo države članice ES, države Efte ali je dodeljena v kakršni koli obliki iz državnih sredstev, ki izkrivlja ali bi lahko izkrivljala konkurenco z dajanjem prednosti posameznim podjetjem ali proizvodnji posameznega blaga, nezdružljiva z delovanjem tega sporazuma, kolikor škodi trgovini med pogodbenicami“.
If export-credit insurance is provided by state insurers, it involves state resources.
Če zavarovanje izvoznih kreditov nudijo državni zavarovatelji, so vključena državna sredstva.
The involvement of the State may give the insurers and/or the exporters a selective advantage and could thereby distort or threaten to distort competition and affect trade between EEA States.
Zaradi udeležbe države imajo lahko zavarovatelji in/ali izvozniki selektivno prednost, zaradi česar se lahko izkrivlja konkurenca ali lahko obstaja nevarnost izkrivljanja konkurence, lahko pa tudi vpliva na trgovino med državami EGP.
The following principles are designed to provide guidance on how such measures will be assessed under state aid rules.
Naslednja načela so namenjena zagotavljanju smernic o tem, kako se taki ukrepi ocenjujejo v skladu s pravili o državni pomoči.
Aid for insurers
Pomoč za zavarovatelje
If state insurers have certain advantages compared to private credit insurers, state aid may be involved.
Če imajo državni zavarovatelji določene prednosti pred zasebnimi zavarovatelji kreditov, je lahko vključena državna pomoč.
The advantages can take different forms and might include, for example:
Te prednosti so lahko različnih oblik in lahko med drugim vključujejo:
state guarantees of borrowing and losses;
državna jamstva za zadolževanje in izgube;
exemption from the requirement to constitute adequate reserves and the other requirements stemming from the exclusion of export-credit insurance operations for the account of or guaranteed by the State from First Council Directive 73/239/EEC of 24 July 1973 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the taking-up and pursuit of the business of direct insurance other than life assurance [4];
oprostitev zahteve po zagotavljanju zadostnih rezerv in drugih zahtev, ki izhajajo iz izključitve zavarovanja izvoznih kreditov za račun države ali z njenim jamstvom iz Prve Direktive Sveta 73/239/EGS z dne 24. julija 1973 o usklajevanju zakonov in drugih predpisov o začetku opravljanja in opravljanju dejavnosti neposrednega zavarovanja razen življenjskega zavarovanja [4];
relief or exemption from taxes normally payable (such as company taxes and taxes levied on insurance policies);
delno ali popolno oprostitev davkov, ki se običajno plačujejo (na primer davek od dobička podjetij in davek od zavarovalnih poslov);
awards of aid or provisions of capital by the State or other forms of financing that are not in accordance with the market economy investor principle;
dodelitev pomoči ali sredstev s strani države ali druge oblike financiranja, ki niso skladne z načelom investitorja pod tržnimi pogoji;
provision by the State of services in kind, such as access to and use of state infrastructure, facilities or privileged information, on terms that do not reflect their market value;
zagotavljanje storitev s strani države, na primer dostopa do in uporabe državne infrastrukture, opreme ali zaupnih podatkov pod pogoji, ki ne odražajo njihove tržne vrednosti;
direct reinsurance by the State or a direct state reinsurance guarantee on terms more favourable than those available on the private reinsurance market, leading to under-pricing of the reinsurance cover or to the artificial creation of capacity that would not be forthcoming from the private market.
neposredno pozavarovanje s strani države ali jamstvo za neposredno državno pozavarovanje pod ugodnejšimi pogoji, kot so na voljo na trgu zasebnih pozavarovateljev, kar vodi k nerealno nizkim cenam pozavarovanja ali umetnemu ustvarjanju zmogljivosti, ki jih na zasebnem trgu ne bi bilo.
Prohibition of state aid for export credits
Prepoved državne pomoči za izvozne kredite
The advantages for state insurers listed in point 12 with regard to marketable risks affect intra-EEA trade in credit insurance services.
Ugodnosti za državne zavarovatelje iz točke 12 v zvezi s tržnimi tveganji vplivajo na trgovanje s storitvami zavarovanja kreditov znotraj EGP.
They lead to variations in the insurance cover available for marketable risks in different EEA States.
Povzročajo razlike v razpoložljivih zavarovalnih kritjih za tržna tveganja v različnih državah EGP.
This distorts competition among insurers in different EEA States and has secondary effects on intra-EEA trade regardless of whether intra-EEA exports or exports outside the EEA are concerned [5].
Zaradi tega se izkrivlja konkurenca med zavarovatelji v različnih državah EGP, ima pa tudi sekundarne učinke na trgovino znotraj EGP ne glede na to, ali gre za izvoz znotraj ali izven EGP [5].
It is necessary to define the conditions under which state insurers can operate if they have such advantages compared to private credit insurers, in order to ensure they do not benefit from state aid.
Treba je opredeliti pogoje, pod katerimi lahko delujejo državni zavarovatelji, če imajo take prednosti pred zasebnimi zavarovatelji kreditov, da se zagotovi, da ne prejmejo državne pomoči.
This requires that they should not be able to insure marketable risks.
Zaradi tega jim ne sme biti dovoljeno, da bi zavarovali tržna tveganja.
Advantages for state insurers are also sometimes passed on to exporters, at least in part.
Ugodnosti za državne zavarovatelje je včasih tudi mogoče vsaj deloma prenesti na izvoznike.
Such advantages may distort competition and trade and constitute state aid within the meaning of Article 61(1) of the EEA Agreement.
Take ugodnosti lahko izkrivljajo konkurenco in trgovino ter pomenijo državno pomoč v smislu člena 61(1) Sporazuma EGP.
However, if the conditions for the provision of export-credit insurance for temporarily non-marketable risks, as set out in section 4.3 of these Guidelines, are fulfilled, the Authority will consider that no undue advantage has been passed on to exporters.
Če pa so izpolnjeni pogoji za zagotavljanje zavarovanja izvoznih kreditov za začasno netržna tveganja, kot so določeni v oddelku 4.3 teh smernic, bo Nadzorni organ štel, da na izvoznike niso bile prenesene neupravičene ugodnosti.
4 Conditions for providing export-credit insurance for temporarily non-marketable risks
4 Pogoji za nudenje zavarovanja izvoznih kreditov za začasno netržna tveganja
As stated in point 13, if state insurers have any advantages compared to private credit insurers, as described in point 12, they must not insure marketable risks.
Če imajo državni zavarovatelji pred zasebnimi zavarovatelji kreditov katere od prednosti iz točke 12, v skladu s točko 13 ne smejo zavarovati tržnih tveganj.
If state insurers or their subsidiaries wish to insure marketable risks, it must be ensured that in so doing, they do not directly or indirectly benefit from state aid.
Če želijo državni zavarovatelji ali njihova hčerinska podjetja zavarovati tržna tveganja, je treba zagotoviti, da pri tem nimajo neposrednih ali posrednih koristi od državne pomoči.
To this end, they must have a certain amount of own funds (a solvency margin, including a guarantee fund) and technical provisions (an equalisation reserve) and must have obtained the required authorisation in accordance with Directive 73/239/EEC.
Za to morajo imeti določeno količino lastnih sredstev (minimalni kapital, vključno z jamstvenim skladom) in zavarovalno-tehnične rezervacije (izravnalno rezervacijo) ter ustrezno dovoljenje v skladu z Direktivo 73/239/EGS.
They must also at least keep a separate administration account and separate accounts for their insurance of marketable risks and non-marketable risks for the account of or guaranteed by the State, to show that they do not receive state aid for their insurance of marketable risks.
Pogoj je tudi, da so ohranili vsaj ločen račun za upravo ter ločene račune za zavarovanje tržnih in netržnih tveganj za račun države ali z njenim jamstvom v dokaz, da za zavarovanje tržnih tveganj ne prejemajo državne pomoči.
The accounts for businesses insured on the insurer’s own account should comply with Council Directive 91/674/EC [6].
Računovodski izkazi za posle, zavarovane na zavarovateljev račun, morajo biti v skladu z Direktivo Sveta 91/674/ES [6].
EFTA States providing reinsurance cover to an export-credit insurer by way of participation or involvement in private sector reinsurance treaties covering marketable and non-marketable risks, must be able to demonstrate that the arrangements do not involve state aid as referred to in point 12(f).
Države Efte, ki nudijo pozavarovanje zavarovateljem izvoznih kreditov s sodelovanjem v pozavarovalnih pogodbah v zasebnem sektorju, ki pokrivajo tržna in netržna tveganja, morajo dokazati, da programi ne vključujejo državne pomoči iz točke 12(f).
State insurers may provide export-credit insurance for temporarily non-marketable risks, subject to the conditions set out in these Gudelines.
Državni zavarovatelji lahko pod pogoji iz teh smernic nudijo zavarovanje izvoznih kreditov za začasno netržna tveganja.
Exceptions to the definition of marketable risks:
Izjeme od opredelitve tržnih tveganj:
temporarily non-marketable risks
začasno netržna tveganja
Notwithstanding the definition of marketable risks, certain commercial and political risks on buyers established in the countries listed in the Appendix, are considered temporarily non-marketable in the following cases:
Ne glede na opredelitev tržnih tveganj se nekatera komercialna in politična tveganja za kupce, ustanovljene v državah iz Dodatka, v naslednjih primerih štejejo za začasno netržna:
if the Authority decides to temporarily remove one or more countries from the list of marketable risk countries in the Appendix, by means of the mechanism described in Section 5.2, because the capacity of the private insurance market is insufficient to cover all economically justifiable risks in the country or countries concerned;
če se Nadzorni organ odloči, da bo v skladu z mehanizmom iz oddelka 5.2 eno ali več držav začasno umaknil s seznama držav s tržnimi tveganji iz Dodatka, ker so zmogljivosti trga zasebnih zavarovateljev premajhne, da bi krile vsa ekonomsko upravičljiva tveganja v zadevnih državah;
if the Authority, after having received a notification from an EFTA State, decides that the risks incurred by small and medium-sized enterprises as defined by the Commission Recommendation of 6 May 2003 concerning the definition of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises [7], with a total annual export turnover not exceeding EUR 2 million, are temporarily non-marketable for exporters in the notifying EFTA State;
če Nadzorni organ po prejemu obvestila države Efte odloči, da so tveganja za mala in srednje velika podjetja, kot so opredeljena v Priporočilu Komisije z dne 6. maja 2003 o opredelitvi mikro, malih in srednje velikih podjetij [7] in katerih skupni letni izvozni promet ne presega 2 milijonov EUR, za izvoznike v državi Efti priglasiteljici začasno netržna;
if the Authority, after having received a notification from an EFTA State, decides that single-risk cover with a risk period of at least 181 days and less than two years is temporarily non-marketable for exporters in the notifying EFTA State;
če Nadzorni organ po prejemu obvestila države Efte odloči, da je kritje enega tveganja z obdobjem tveganja vsaj 181 dni in manj kot dve leti za izvoznike v državi Efti priglasiteljici začasno netržno;
if the Authority, after having received a notification from an EFTA State, decides that due to a shortage of export-credit insurance, certain risks are temporarily non-marketable for exporters in the notifying EFTA State.
če Nadzorni organ po prejemu obvestila države Efte odloči, da so zaradi pomanjkanja zavarovanja izvoznih kreditov nekatera tveganja za izvoznike v državi Efti priglasiteljici začasno netržna.
To minimise distortions of competition in the EEA market, risks which are considered temporarily non-marketable in accordance with point 18 can be covered by state insurers, provided they fulfil the conditions in section 4.3.
Za čim večje zmanjšanje izkrivljanj konkurence na trgu EGP lahko tveganja, ki v skladu s točko 18 veljajo za začasno netržna, krijejo državni zavarovatelji, če so izpolnjeni pogoji iz oddelka 4.3.
Conditions for providing cover for temporarily non-marketable risks
Pogoji za nudenje zavarovanja za začasno netržna tveganja
Quality of cover
Kakovost kritja
The quality of cover offered by state insurers must be consistent with market standards.
Kakovost kritja, ki ga zagotavljajo državni zavarovatelji, mora biti skladna s tržnimi standardi.