natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
In fact, where economic activity has been opened up to competition, the decision to provide the SGEI by methods other than through a public procurement procedure that ensures the least cost to the community may lead to distortions in the form of preventing entry by competitors or making easier the expansion of the beneficiary in other markets.
Kadar se gospodarska dejavnost odpre za konkurenco, odločitev o zagotovitvi storitve splošnega gospodarskega pomena z metodami, ki niso postopki oddaje javnih naročil in zagotavljajo najnižje stroške za skupnost, lahko privede do izkrivljanja v obliki preprečevanja vstopa konkurentom ali olajšanja razširitve dejavnosti upravičenca na drugih trgih.
Distortions may also occur in the input markets.
Izkrivljanje se lahko pojavi tudi na trgih proizvodnih dejavnikov.
Aid granted to an undertaking operating on a non-liberalised market may affect trade if the recipient undertaking is also active on liberalised markets [58].
Pomoč, dodeljena podjetju, ki deluje na neliberaliziranem trgu, lahko vpliva na trgovino, če je podjetje, ki prejme pomoč, hkrati dejavno še na liberaliziranih trgih [58].
Aid measures can also have an effect on trade where the recipient undertaking does not itself participate in cross-border activities.
Ukrepi pomoči lahko vplivajo na trgovino tudi, kadar podjetje, ki prejme pomoč, samo ne sodeluje pri čezmejnih dejavnostih.
In such cases, domestic supply may be maintained or increased, with the consequence that the opportunities for undertakings established in other Contracting Parties to offer their services in that EFTA State are reduced [59].
V takih primerih se lahko domača ponudba ohranja ali povečuje, zaradi tega pa je manj priložnosti za podjetja s sedežem v drugih pogodbenicah, da bi ponudila svoje storitve v zadevni državi Efte [59].
According to the case-law of the Court of Justice, there is no threshold or percentage below which trade between Contracting Parties can be regarded as not having been affected [60].
V skladu s sodno prakso Sodišča ni praga ali odstotka, pod katerim bi se lahko štelo, da ni vpliva na trgovino med pogodbenicami [60].
The relatively small amount of aid or the relatively small size of the recipient undertaking does not a priori mean that trade between Contracting Parties may not be affected.
Sorazmerno majhen znesek pomoči ali sorazmerno majhna velikost podjetja, ki prejme pomoč, ne pomeni samodejno, da vpliv na trgovino med pogodbenicami ni mogoč.
On the other hand, the Commission has in several cases concluded that activities had a purely local character and did not affect trade between Contracting Parties.
Po drugi strani je Komisija v več zadevah ugotovila, da so bile dejavnosti v celoti lokalne in niso vplivale na trgovino med pogodbenicami.
Examples are:
Takšni primeri so:
swimming pools to be used predominantly by the local population [61];
plavalni bazeni, ki jih uporablja večinoma lokalno prebivalstvo [61],
local hospitals aimed exclusively at the local population [62];
lokalne bolnišnice, namenjene izključno lokalnemu prebivalstvu [62],
local museums unlikely to attract cross-border visitors [63]; and
lokalni muzeji, za katere ni verjetno, da bodo privabljali tuje obiskovalce [63], ter
local cultural events, whose potential audience is restricted locally [64].
lokalni kulturni dogodki, pri katerih je morebitno občinstvo omejeno na lokalno prebivalstvo [64].
Finally, the Authority does not have to examine all financial support granted by EFTA States.
Nadzornemu organu ni treba proučiti vse finančne podpore, ki jo dodelijo države Efte.
Regulation (EC) No 1998/2006 of 15 December 2006 on the application of Articles 87 and 88 of the Treaty to de minimis aid [65], stipulates that aid amounting to less than EUR 200000 per undertaking over any period of three years is not caught by Article 61(1) of the EEA Agreement.
Uredba (ES) št. 1998/2006 z dne 15. decembra 2006 o uporabi členov 87 in 88 Pogodbe pri pomoči de minimis [65] določa, da pomoč, ki ne presega 200000 EUR na podjetje v katerem koli obdobju treh proračunskih let, ne spada na področje uporabe člena 61(1) Sporazuma EGP.
Specific de minimis thresholds apply in the transport sector [66] and the Commission envisages adopting a Regulation with a specific de minimis threshold for local services of general economic interest, which will be incorporated into the EEA Agreement.
Posebne zgornje meje za pomoč de minimis se uporabljajo v transportnem sektorju [66], pri čemer namerava Komisija sprejeti uredbo s posebno zgornjo mejo za pomoč de minimis za lokalne storitve splošnega gospodarskega pomena, ki bo vključena v Sporazum EGP.
Conditions under which public service compensation does not constitute state aid
Pogoji, pod katerimi nadomestilo za javne storitve ne pomeni državne pomoči
The criteria established by the Court of Justice
3.1 Merila, ki jih je določilo Sodišče
The Court of Justice, in its Altmark judgment [67], provided further clarification regarding the conditions under which public service compensation does not constitute state aid owing to the absence of any advantage.
Sodišče je v svoji sodbi v zadevi Altmark [67] nadalje pojasnilo pogoje, pod katerimi nadomestilo za javne storitve ne pomeni državne pomoči, če ni bilo dodeljenih nobenih ugodnosti.
According to the Court of Justice,
Sodišče je navedlo,
‘Where a State measure must be regarded as compensation for the services provided by the recipient undertakings in order to discharge public service obligations, so that those undertakings do not enjoy a real financial advantage and the measure thus does not have the effect of putting them in a more favourable competitive position than the undertakings competing with them, such a measure is not caught by Article [107(1) of the Treaty].
„da se za državno intervencijo ne uporablja člen [107(1) Pogodbe], če jo je treba šteti za nadomestilo, ki pomeni plačilo za storitve, ki so jih opravila podjetja, ki prejemajo nadomestilo za izpolnjevanje obveznosti javne službe, tako da ta podjetja dejansko ne pridobijo nobene finančne koristi in da torej učinek omenjene intervencije ni, da se ta podjetja postavijo v ugodnejši konkurenčni položaj v primerjavi s konkurenčnimi podjetji.
However, for such compensation to escape qualification as State aid in a particular case, a number of conditions must be satisfied.
Da pa v konkretnem primeru takega nadomestila ne bi bilo treba šteti za državno pomoč, mora biti izpolnjenih več pogojev.
First, the recipient undertaking must actually have public service obligations to discharge, and the obligations must be clearly defined.
Prvič, podjetje, ki prejema nadomestilo, mora dejansko izpolnjevati obveznosti javne storitve, te obveznosti pa morajo biti jasno opredeljene.
Second, the parameters on the basis of which the compensation is calculated must be established in advance in an objective and transparent manner, to avoid it conferring an economic advantage which may favour the recipient undertaking over competing undertakings.
[…] Drugič, merila, na podlagi katerih se izračuna nadomestilo, morajo biti določena vnaprej ter objektivno in pregledno, da bi se preprečila ekonomska ugodnost, ki bi prejemniku dajala prednost v primerjavi konkurenčnimi podjetji.
Payment by a Member State of compensation for the loss incurred by an undertaking without the parameters of such compensation having been established beforehand, where it turns out after the event that the operation of certain services in connection with the discharge of public service obligations was not economically viable, therefore constitutes a financial measure which falls within the concept of State aid within the meaning of Article [107(1) of the Treaty].
[…] Če država članica izravna izgube nekega podjetja, ne da bi bila pred tem predhodno določena merila za tako nadomestilo, in če se naknadno izkaže, da opravljanje nekaterih storitev v okviru izpolnjevanja obveznosti javne službe ni bilo ekonomsko učinkovito, se to šteje za finančno intervencijo, ki spada v pojem državne pomoči v smislu člena [107(1) Pogodbe].
Third, the compensation cannot exceed what is necessary to cover all or part of the costs incurred in the discharge of public service obligations, taking into account the relevant receipts and a reasonable profit …
[…] Tretjič, nadomestilo ne sme presegati tistega, kar je potrebno za kritje vseh ali dela stroškov, ki so nastali z izpolnjevanjem obveznosti javne službe ob upoštevanju realiziranih prejemkov in razumnega dobička […].
Fourth, where the undertaking which is to discharge public service obligations, in a specific case, is not chosen pursuant to a public procurement procedure which would allow for the selection of the tenderer capable of providing those services at the least cost to the community, the level of compensation needed must be determined on the basis of an analysis of the costs which a typical undertaking, well run and adequately provided with means of transport so as to be able to meet the necessary public service requirements, would have incurred in discharging those obligations, taking into account the relevant receipts and a reasonable profit for discharging the obligations’ [68].44.
[…] Četrtič, če podjetje, ki se mu naloži izpolnjevanje obveznosti javne službe, v konkretnem primeru ni izbrano s postopkom oddaje javnega naročila, ki omogoča, da se izbere tisti ponudnik, ki lahko te storitve opravlja z najnižjimi stroški za skupnost, se mora raven potrebnega nadomestila določiti na podlagi analize stroškov, ki bi jih povprečno, dobro vodeno podjetje, ki je ustrezno opremljeno s prevoznimi sredstvi, zato da lahko zadosti zahtevam javne službe, imelo pri izpolnjevanju teh obveznosti ob upoštevanju realiziranih prejemkov in razumnega dobička zaradi izpolnjevanja teh obveznosti.“ [68].44.
Sections 3.2 to 3.6 below will address the different requirements established in the Altmark case-law, namely the concept of a service of general economic interest for the purposes of Article 61 of the EEA Agreement [69], the need for an entrustment act [70], the obligation to define the parameters of compensation [71], the principles concerning the avoidance of overcompensation [72] and the principles concerning the selection of the provider [73].
V oddelkih 3.2 do 3.6 spodaj so obravnavane različne zahteve, določene v sodni praksi v zadevi Altmark, in sicer pojem storitev splošnega gospodarskega pomena za namene člena 61 Sporazuma EGP [69], potreba po aktu o pooblastitvi [70], obveznost določitve meril za nadomestila [71], načela glede izogibanja prekomernim nadomestilom [72] in načela glede izbire izvajalca [73].
Existence of a service of general economic interest
3.2 Obstoj storitve splošnega gospodarskega pomena
The concept of service of general economic interest is an evolving notion that depends, among other things, on the needs of citizens, technological and market developments and social and political preferences in the EFTA State concerned.
Pojem storitve splošnega gospodarskega pomena ni statičen, ampak se spreminja, med drugim glede na potrebe državljanov, tehnološkega in tržnega razvoja ter socialne in politične izbire v zadevni državi Efte.
The Court of Justice has established that SGEIs are services that exhibit special characteristics as compared with those of other economic activities [74].
Sodišče je določilo, da je storitev splošnega gospodarskega pomena storitev, ki ima v primerjavi z drugimi gospodarskimi dejavnostmi posebne značilnosti [74].
In the absence of specific EEA rules defining the scope for the existence of an SGEI, EFTA States have a wide margin of discretion in defining a given service as an SGEI and in granting compensation to the service provider.
Ker ni posebnih pravil na ravni EGP, ki bi opredeljevala obseg za obstoj storitev splošnega gospodarskega pomena, imajo države Efte visoko stopnjo diskrecije pri uvrščanju storitev med storitve splošnega gospodarskega pomena in dodeljevanju nadomestil izvajalcem zadevnih storitev.
The Authority’s competence in this respect is limited to checking whether the EFTA State has made a manifest error when defining the service as an SGEI [75] and to assessing any state aid involved in the compensation.
Pristojnost Nadzornega organa na tem področju je omejena na preverjanje, ali je država Efte naredila očitno napako pri uvrščanju storitve med storitve splošnega gospodarskega pomena [75], in na ocenjevanje, ali gre pri dodelitvi nadomestila za državno pomoč.
Where specific EEA rules exist, the EFTA States' discretion is further bound by those rules, without prejudice to the Authority's duty to carry out an assessment of whether the SGEI has been correctly defined for the purpose of state aid control.
Če obstajajo specifična pravila EGP, mora država Efte pri izvajanju diskrecijske pravice upoštevati tudi ta pravila, kar pa ne vpliva na dolžnost Nadzornega organa, da opravi oceno, ali je bila storitev splošnega gospodarskega pomena za namene nadzora državne pomoči pravilno uvrščena.
The first Altmark criterion requires the definition of an SGEI task.
Prvo merilo sodbe v zadevi Altmark zahteva opredelitev naloge izvajanja storitve splošnega gospodarskega pomena.
This requirement coincides with that of Article 59(2) of the EEA Agreement [76].
Ta zahteva sovpada z zahtevo iz člena 59(2) Sporazuma EGP [76].
It transpires from Article 59(2) of the EEA Agreement that undertakings entrusted with the operation of SGEIs are undertakings entrusted with ‘a particular task’ [77].
Iz člena 59(2) Sporazuma EGP izhaja, da so podjetja, pooblaščena za opravljanje storitev splošnega gospodarskega pomena, podjetja, ki jim je zaupana „posebna naloga“ [77].
Generally speaking, the entrustment of a ‘particular public service task’ implies the supply of services which, if it were considering its own commercial interest, an undertaking would not assume or would not assume to the same extent or under the same conditions [78].
Pooblastitev podjetja za izvajanje „posebne naloge opravljanja javnih storitev“ pomeni zagotavljanje storitev, ki jih podjetje, če bi upoštevalo le lasten poslovni interes, ne bi opravljalo ali jih ne bi opravljalo v istem obsegu ali pod istimi pogoji [78].
Applying a general interest criterion, EFTA States or the EEA Agreement may attach specific obligations to such services.
Države Efte ali Sporazum EGP lahko na podlagi merila splošnega pomena za opravljanje teh storitev določijo posebne obveznosti.
The Authority thus considers that it would not be appropriate to attach specific public service obligations to an activity which is already provided or can be provided satisfactorily and under conditions, such as price, objective quality characteristics, continuity and access to the service, consistent with the public interest, as defined by the State, by undertakings operating under normal market conditions [79].
Nadzorni organ zato meni, da ni ustrezno s posebnimi zahtevami opravljanja javne storitve pogojevati dejavnosti, ki jo podjetja, ki poslujejo pod običajnimi tržnimi pogoji, že opravljajo oziroma bi jo lahko opravljala zadovoljivo in pod pogoji, kot so cena, objektivne kakovostne lastnosti, kontinuiteta in dostop do storitve, ki so skladni z javnim interesom, kakor ga opredeli država [79].
As for the question of whether a service can be provided by the market, the Authority's assessment is limited to checking whether the EFTA State has made a manifest error.
V zvezi z vprašanjem, ali lahko trg omogoča opravljanje storitve, je ocena Nadzornega organa omejena na preverjanje, ali je država Efte naredila očitno napako.
An important example of this principle is the broadband sector, for which the Authority has already given clear indications as to the types of activities that can be regarded as SGEIs.
Dober primer za to načelo je sektor širokopasovnih povezav, za katerega je Nadzorni organ že jasno navedel, katere vrste dejavnosti se lahko obravnavajo kot storitve splošnega gospodarskega pomena.
Most importantly, the Authority considers that in areas where private investors have already invested in broadband network infrastructure (or are in the process of expanding further their network infrastructure) and are already providing competitive broadband services with adequate coverage, setting up parallel broadband infrastructure should not be considered as an SGEI.
Nadzorni organ zlasti poudarja dejstvo, da se postavitev vzporedne širokopasovne infrastrukture na območjih, na katerih so zasebni vlagatelji že opravili naložbe v širokopasovno omrežno infrastrukturo (ali dodatno večajo svojo omrežno infrastrukturo) in že zagotavljajo konkurenčne širokopasovne storitve z zadostno pokritostjo, ne bi smela obravnavati kot storitev splošnega gospodarskega pomena.
In contrast, where investors are not in a position to provide adequate broadband coverage, SGEI compensation may be granted under certain conditions [80].
V nasprotnem primeru, tj. kadar vlagatelji ne morejo zagotoviti ustrezne pokritosti s širokopasovnim dostopom, se nadomestilo za storitve splošnega gospodarskega pomena lahko dodeli pod določenimi pogoji [80].
The Authority also considers that the services to be classified as SGEIs must be addressed to citizens or be in the interest of society as a whole.
Nadzorni organ je tudi mnenja, da morajo biti storitve, uvrščene med storitve splošnega gospodarskega pomena, namenjene državljanom ali biti v interesu celotne družbe.
Entrustment act
3.3 Akt o pooblastitvi
For Article 59(2) of the EEA Agreement to apply, the operation of an SGEI must be entrusted to one or more undertakings.
Člen 59(2) Sporazuma EGP se uporablja, če je za izvajanje storitve splošnega gospodarskega pomena pooblaščeno eno ali več podjetij.
The undertakings in question must therefore have been entrusted with a special task by the State [81].
Torej mora država zadevna podjetja pooblastiti za opravljanje posebne naloge [81].
Also the first Altmark criterion requires that the undertaking has a public service obligation to discharge.
Prvo merilo sodbe v zadevi Altmark določa tudi, da mora biti podjetju naložena obveznost opravljanja javne storitve.
Accordingly, in order to comply with the Altmark case-law, a public service assignment is necessary that defines the obligations of the undertakings in question and of the authority.
Da bi se upoštevala sodna praksa iz zadeve Altmark, morajo biti z dodelitvijo javne storitve določene tudi obveznosti zadevnih podjetij in organa.
The public service task must be assigned by way of an act that, depending on the legislation in EFTA States, may take the form of a legislative or regulatory instrument or a contract.
Nalogo opravljanja javnih storitev je treba dodeliti z aktom, ki ima lahko glede na zakonodajo posamezne države Efte obliko zakona ali podzakonskega akta ali pogodbe.
It may also be laid down in several acts.
Lahko se določi tudi v več aktih.
Based on the approach taken by the Commission and the Authority in such cases, the act or series of acts must at least specify:
Komisija in Nadzorni organ v takih primerih običajno zahtevata, da mora akt ali vrsta aktov določati vsaj:
the content and duration of the public service obligations;
vsebino in trajanje obveznosti javne storitve,
the undertaking and, where applicable, the territory concerned;
zadevno podjetje in, če je primerno, ozemlje,
the nature of any exclusive or special rights assigned to the undertaking by the authority in question;
vrsto vseh izključnih ali posebnih pravic, ki jih podjetju dodeli zadevni organ,
the parameters for calculating, controlling and reviewing the compensation; and
merila za izračun, nadzor in pregled nadomestila ter
the arrangements for avoiding and recovering any overcompensation.
ureditve za preprečitev kakršnega koli prekomernega nadomestila in njegovo izterjavo.
The involvement of the service provider in the process by which it is entrusted with a public service task does not mean that that task does not derive from an act of public authority, even if the entrustment is issued at the request of the service provider [82].
Udeležba izvajalca storitve v postopku, s katerim se mu dodeli naloga javne storitve, ne pomeni, da naloga ne izhaja iz akta javnega organa.
In some national systems, it is not uncommon for authorities to finance services which were developed and proposed by the provider itself.
To drži tudi v primeru, če se pooblastitev izda na zahtevo izvajalca storitve [82].
However, the national authority has to decide whether it approves the provider's proposal before it may grant any compensation.
V nekaterih nacionalnih sistemih ni neobičajno, da organi financirajo storitve, ki jih je zasnoval in predlagal izvajalec sam.
It is irrelevant whether the necessary elements of the entrustment act are inserted directly into the decision to accept the provider's proposal or whether a separate legal act, for example, a contract with the provider, is put in place.
Vendar se mora nacionalni organ odločiti glede odobritve izvajalčevega predloga pred dodelitvijo kakršnih koli nadomestil. Obvezni sestavni deli akta o pooblastitvi se lahko vstavijo neposredno v sklep o sprejetju predloga izvajalca ali pa se sprejme ločen pravni akt, npr. pogodba z izvajalcem.
Parameters of compensation
3.4 Merila za nadomestilo
The parameters that serve as the basis for calculating compensation must be established in advance in an objective and transparent manner in order to ensure that they do not confer an economic advantage that could favour the recipient undertaking over competing undertakings.
Merila, ki so podlaga za izračun nadomestila, morajo biti objektivno in pregledno določena vnaprej, da podjetja, ki prejmejo nadomestilo, ne bi imela gospodarske prednosti pred konkurenčnimi podjetji.
The need to establish the compensation parameters in advance does not mean that the compensation has to be calculated on the basis of a specific formula (for example, a certain price per day, per meal, per passenger or per number of users).
Vnaprejšnja določitev meril za nadomestilo ne pomeni, da mora biti nadomestilo izračunano na podlagi posebne formule (npr. cene na dan, obrok, potnika ali število uporabnikov).
What matters is only that it is clear from the outset how the compensation is to be determined.
Pomembno je samo, da je od začetka jasno, kako se bo nadomestilo določilo.
Where the national authority decides to compensate all cost items of the provider, it must determine at the outset how those costs will be determined and calculated.
Kadar se nacionalni organ odloči, da bo dodelil nadomestilo za kritje vseh stroškov izvajalca, mora že na začetku določiti, kako se bodo ti stroški določili in izračunali.
Only the costs directly associated with the provision of the SGEI can be taken into account in that context.
V navedenem okviru se lahko upoštevajo samo stroški, ki so neposredno povezani z opravljanjem storitve splošnega gospodarskega pomena.
All the revenue accruing to the undertaking from the provision of the SGEI must be deducted.
Odbiti se morajo vsi prihodki, ki jih ima podjetje z opravljanjem storitve splošnega gospodarskega pomena.
Where the undertaking is offered a reasonable profit as part of its compensation, the entrustment act must also establish the criteria for calculating that profit.
Kadar se podjetju v okviru nadomestila ponudi tudi zmerni dobiček, je treba v aktu o pooblastitvi prav tako določiti merila za izračun tega dobička.
Where a review of the amount of compensation during the entrustment period is provided for, the entrustment act must specify the arrangements for the review and any impact it may have on the total amount of compensation.
Kadar je predviden pregled zneska nadomestila med obdobjem pooblastitve, morata biti v aktu o pooblastitvi določena način izvedbe tega pregleda in morebiten učinek, ki ga lahko ima na celotni znesek nadomestila.
If the SGEI is assigned under a tendering procedure, the method for calculating the compensation must be included in the information provided to all the undertakings wishing to take part in the procedure.
Če se storitev splošnega gospodarskega pomena dodeli s postopkom javnega razpisa, je treba način izračuna nadomestila vključiti v dokumentacijo, ki se zagotovi vsem podjetjem, ki si želijo sodelovati v postopku.
Avoidance of overcompensation
3.5 Izogibanje prekomernemu nadomestilu