natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
From an initial speed of not less than 50 km/h, on a surface with a coefficient of adhesion of 0,3 [6] or less, the brakes of the laden vehicle shall be fully applied for a time t, during which time the energy consumed by the indirectly controlled wheels shall be taken into consideration and all directly controlled wheels shall remain under control of the anti-lock system.
„Polna sila“ pomeni največjo silo, določeno v Prilogi 3 k temu pravilniku; večja sila se lahko uporabi, če je potrebna za aktiviranje protiblokirnega sistema.
The vehicle’s engine shall then be stopped or the supply to the energy transmission storage device(s) cut off.
Namen teh preskusov je preveriti, da kolesa ne blokirajo in vozilo ostane stabilno; zato na površini ceste z nizko stopnjo oprijema vozila ni treba povsem ustavljati.
The service braking control shall then be fully actuated four times in succession with the vehicle stationary.
kH je visok koeficient oprijema površine.kL je nizek koeficient oprijema površine.kH in kL se merita, kot je določeno v Dodatku 2 k tej prilogi.
When the brakes are applied for the fifth time, it shall be possible to brake the vehicle with at least the performance prescribed for secondary braking of the laden vehicle.
Simboli in opredelitev pojmov
Additional requirements
Simbol
The coefficient of adhesion of the road surface shall be measured with the vehicle under test, by the method described in paragraph 1.1 of Appendix 2 to this annex.
medosna razdalja
The braking test shall be conducted with the engine disconnected and idling, and with the vehicle laden.
oprijem, ki ga izkorišča vozilo: kvocient najvišje stopnje zaviranja z delujočim protiblokirnim sistemom (zAL) in koeficienta oprijema (k)
The braking time t shall be determined by the formula:
vrednost ε, izmerjena na osi i (v primeru motornega vozila s protiblokirnim sistemom kategorije 3)
(but not less than 15 seconds)
vrednost ε na površini z visoko stopnjo oprijema
where t is expressed in seconds and vmax represents the maximum design speed of the vehicle expressed in km/h, with an upper limit of 160 km/h.
vrednost ε na površini z nizko stopnjo oprijema
If the time t cannot be completed in a single braking phase, further phases may be used, up to a maximum of four in all.
sila (N)
If the test is conducted in several phases, no fresh energy shall be supplied between the phases of the test.
normalna reakcija površine ceste pri dinamičnih pogojih z delujočim protiblokirnim sistemom
From the second phase, the energy consumption corresponding to the initial brake application may be taken into account, by subtracting one full brake application from the four full applications prescribed in paragraph 5.1.1.4 (and 5.1.1.5 and 5.1.2.6) of this annex for each of the second, third and fourth phases used in the test prescribed in paragraph 5.1.1 of this annex as applicable.
Fdin na osi i v primeru vozil na motorni pogon
The performance prescribed in paragraph 5.1.1.5 of this annex shall be deemed to be satisfied if, at the end of the fourth application, with the vehicle stationary, the energy level in the storage device(s) is at or above that required for secondary braking with the laden vehicle.
normalna reakcija površine ceste na os i pri statičnih pogojih
Utilisation of adhesion
skupna normalna statična reakcija površine ceste na vsa kolesa vozila na motorni pogon
The utilisation of adhesion by the anti-lock system takes into account the actual increase in braking distance beyond the theoretical minimum.
skupna normalna statična reakcija površine ceste na nezavirane in negnane osi vozila na motorni pogon
The anti-lock system shall be deemed to be satisfactory when the condition ε ≥ 0,75 is satisfied, where ε represents the adhesion utilised, as defined in paragraph 1.2 of Appendix 2 to this annex.
skupna normalna statična reakcija površine ceste na nezavirane in gnane osi vozila na motorni pogon
The adhesion utilisation ε shall be measured on road surfaces with a coefficient of adhesion of 0,3 [6] Until such test surfaces become generally available, tyres at the limit of wear, and higher values up to 0,4 may be used at the discretion of the Technical Service.
gravitacijski pospešek (9,81 m/s2)
The actual value obtained and the type of tyres and surface shall be recorded.
višina težišča, ki jo določi proizvajalec in potrdi tehnična služba, ki izvaja homologacijski preskus
or less, and of about 0,8 (dry road), with an initial speed of 50 km/h.
koeficient oprijema med pnevmatiko in cesto
To eliminate the effects of differential brake temperatures it is recommended that zAL be determined prior to the determination of k.
faktor k ene sprednje osi
The test procedure to determine the coefficient of adhesion (k) and the formulae for calculation of the adhesion utilisation (ε) shall be those laid down in Appendix 2 to this annex.
vrednost k, določena na površini z visoko stopnjo oprijema
The utilisation of adhesion by the anti-lock system shall be checked on complete vehicles equipped with anti-lock systems of categories 1 or 2.
vrednost k, določena na osi i za vozilo s protiblokirnim sistemom kategorije 3
In the case of vehicles equipped with category 3 anti-lock systems, only the axle(s) with at least one directly controlled wheel shall satisfy this requirement.
vrednost k, določena na površini z nizko stopnjo oprijema
The condition ε ≥ 0,75 shall be checked with the vehicle both laden and unladen [7].
vrednost oprijema pri 100-odstotnem zdrsu
The laden test on the high adhesion surface may be omitted if the prescribed force on the control device does not achieve full cycling of the anti-lock system.
faktor k vozila na motorni pogon
Additional checks
masa posameznega vozila (kg)
The following additional checks shall be carried out with the engine disconnected, with the vehicle laden and unladen:
razmerje med kpeak in klock
The wheels directly controlled by an anti-lock system shall not lock when the full force [8] ‘Full force’ means the maximum force laid down in Annex 3 to this Regulation; a higher force may be used if required to activate the anti-lock system.
časovni interval (s)
is suddenly applied on the control device, on the road surfaces specified in paragraph 5.2.2 of this annex, at an initial speed of v = 40 km/h and at a high initial speed v = 0,8 vmax ≤ 120 km/h [9];
povprečna vrednost t
When an axle passes from a high-adhesion surface (kH) to a low-adhesion surface (kL), where kH ≥ 0,5 and kH/kL ≥ 2 [10], with the full force [8] ‘Full force’ means the maximum force laid down in Annex 3 to this Regulation; a higher force may be used if required to activate the anti-lock system.
najmanjša vrednost t
applied on the control device, the directly controlled wheels shall not lock.
stopnja zaviranja
The running speed and the instant of applying the brakes shall be so calculated that, with the anti-lock system fully cycling on the high-adhesion surface, the passage from one surface to the other is made at high and at low speed, under the conditions laid down in paragraph 5.3.1 [9] The purpose of these tests is to check that the wheels do not lock and that the vehicle remains stable; it is not necessary, therefore, to make complete stops and bring the vehicle to a halt on the low-adhesion surface.
stopnja zaviranja z vozila z delujočim protiblokirnim sistemom
When a vehicle passes from a low-adhesion surface (kL) to a high-adhesion surface (kH) where kH ≥ 0,5 and kH/kL ≥ 2, [10] kH is the high-adhesion surface coefficient
povprečna stopnja zaviranja
kL is the low-adhesion surface coefficient
največja vrednost z
kH and kL are measured as laid down in Appendix 2 to this annex.
zAL vozila na motorni pogon na „deljeni površini“
with the full force [8] ‘Full force’ means the maximum force laid down in Annex 3 to this Regulation; a higher force may be used if required to activate the anti-lock system.
FMnd in FMd za dvoosna motorna vozila: ta simbola se lahko poenostavita v ustrezne simbole Fi.
applied on the control device, the deceleration of the vehicle shall rise to the appropriate high value within a reasonable time and the vehicle shall not deviate from its initial course.
METODA MERJENJA
The running speed and the instant of applying the brake shall be so calculated that, with the anti-lock system fully cycling on the low-adhesion surface, the passage from one surface to the other occurs at approximately 50 km/h;
Določanje koeficienta oprijema (k)
The provisions of this paragraph shall only apply to vehicles equipped with anti-lock systems of categories 1 or 2.
Koeficient oprijema (k) se določi kot kvocient največjih zavornih sil brez blokiranja koles in ustrezne dinamične obremenitve na zavirani osi.
, the directly controlled wheels shall not lock when the full force [8] ‘Full force’ means the maximum force laid down in Annex 3 to this Regulation; a higher force may be used if required to activate the anti-lock system. is suddenly applied on the control device at a speed of 50 km/h;
Zavorne sile morajo biti porazdeljene med kolesa osi tako, da se doseže največji zavorni učinek.
Furthermore, laden vehicles equipped with anti-lock systems of category 1 shall, under the conditions of paragraph 5.3.4 of this annex satisfy the prescribed braking rate in Appendix 3 to this annex;
Protiblokirni sistem mora biti med hitrostjo 40 km/h in 20 km/h odklopljen ali ne sme delovati.
However, in the tests provided in paragraphs 5.3.1, 5.3.2, 5.3.3, 5.3.4 and 5.3.5 of this annex, brief periods of wheel-locking shall be allowed.
Za določanje najvišje stopnje zaviranja vozila (zmaks) je treba izvesti več preskusov ob različnih višinah tlaka v vodih.
Furthermore, wheel-locking is permitted when the vehicle speed is less than 15 km/h; likewise, locking of indirectly controlled wheels is permitted at any speed, but stability and steerability shall not be affected and the vehicle shall not exceed a yaw angle of 15° or deviate from a 3,5 m wide lane;
Med vsakim preskusom se mora vzdrževati nespremenljiva vhodna sila, stopnja zaviranja pa se določi glede na čas (t), porabljen za zmanjšanje hitrosti s 40 km/h na 20 km/h, s pomočjo formule:
During the tests provided in paragraphs 5.3.4 and 5.3.5 of this annex, steering correction is permitted, if the angular rotation of the steering control is within 120° during the initial 2 seconds, and not more than 240° in all.
zmaks je najvišja vrednost z; čas t je izražen v sekundah.
Furthermore, at the beginning of these tests the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle shall pass over the boundary between the high- and low-adhesion surfaces and during these tests no part of the outer tyres shall cross this boundary [7] Until a uniform test procedure is established, the tests required by this paragraph may have to be repeated for vehicles equipped with electrical regenerative braking systems, in order to determine the effect of different braking distribution values provided by automatic functions on the vehicle.
Blokiranje koles lahko nastopi pri hitrosti, nižji od 20 km/h.
Anti-lock systems with select-high control are deemed to include both directly and indirectly controlled wheels; in systems with select-low control, all sensed wheels are deemed to be directly controlled wheels.
Začne se z najnižjo izmerjeno vrednostjo t, označeno kot tmin, nato se izberejo tri vrednosti t med tmin in 1,05 tmin ter se izračuna njihova aritmetična srednja vrednost tm, nato se izračuna:
The manufacturer shall provide the Technical Service with documentation relating to the controller(s) which follows the format set out in Annex 8.
Če se izkaže, da zgoraj določenih treh vrednosti iz praktičnih razlogov ni mogoče doseči, se lahko uporabi najkrajši čas tmin.
The warning signal may light up again while the vehicle is stationary, provided that it is extinguished before the vehicle speed reaches 10 km/h or 15 km/h, as appropriate, when no defect is present.
Vendar zahteve iz odstavka 1.3 še vedno veljajo.
Until uniform test procedures have been agreed, the manufacturers shall provide the Technical Services with their test procedures and results.
Zavorne sile se izračunajo iz izmerjene stopnje zaviranja in kotalnega upora nezavirane osi, ki je enak 0,015 in 0,010 statične obremenitve osi za gnano oziroma negnano os.
It is understood that devices changing the control mode of the anti-lock system are not subject to paragraph 4.4 of this annex if in the changed control mode condition all requirements to the category of anti-lock systems, with which the vehicle is equipped, are fulfilled.
Dinamična obremenitev osi se določi s formulami iz Priloge 5 k temu pravilniku.
Until such test surfaces become generally available, tyres at the limit of wear, and higher values up to 0,4 may be used at the discretion of the Technical Service.
Vrednost k se zaokroži na tri decimalna mesta.
Until a uniform test procedure is established, the tests required by this paragraph may have to be repeated for vehicles equipped with electrical regenerative braking systems, in order to determine the effect of different braking distribution values provided by automatic functions on the vehicle.
Nato se preskus ponovi za druge osi, kot je opredeljeno v odstavkih od 1.1.1 do 1.1.6.
‘Full force’ means the maximum force laid down in Annex 3 to this Regulation; a higher force may be used if required to activate the anti-lock system.
Na primer, pri dvoosnem vozilu s pogonom na zadnja kolesa in z zavirano prednjo osjo (1) se koeficient oprijema (k) izračuna tako:
The purpose of these tests is to check that the wheels do not lock and that the vehicle remains stable; it is not necessary, therefore, to make complete stops and bring the vehicle to a halt on the low-adhesion surface.
Drugi simboli (P, h, E) so opredeljeni v Prilogi 5 k temu pravilniku.
kH is the high-adhesion surface coefficientkL is the low-adhesion surface coefficientkH and kL are measured as laid down in Appendix 2 to this annex.
En koeficient se določi za sprednjo os kf in en za zadnjo os kr.
Symbols and definitions
Določitev izkoriščenega oprijema (ε)
Symbol
Izkoriščeni oprijem (ε) se določi kot kvocient najvišje stopnje zaviranja z delujočim protiblokirnim sistemom (zAL) in koeficienta oprijema (kM), tj.
Wheelbase
Od začetne hitrosti vozila 55 km/h se najvišja stopnja zaviranja (zAL) izmeri z maksimalnim uravnavanjem zavorne sile s protiblokirnim zavornim sistemom in temelji na povprečni vrednosti treh preskusov, kot je določeno v odstavku 1.1.3 tega dodatka, pri čemer je uporabljen čas, potreben za zmanjšanje hitrosti s 45 km/h na 15 km/h, v skladu z naslednjo formulo:
The adhesion utilised of the vehicle: quotient of the maximum braking rate with the anti-lock system operative (zAL) and the coefficient of adhesion (k)
Koeficient oprijema kM se določi s povečevanjem dinamičnih obremenitev osi:
The ε-value measured on axle i (in the case of a motor vehicle with a category 3 anti-lock system)
pri čemer je:
The ε-value on the high-adhesion surface
Vrednost ε se zaokroži na dve decimalni mesti.
The ε-value on the low-adhesion surface
Pri vozilu, opremljenem s protiblokirnim sistemom kategorije 1 ali 2, vrednost zAL temelji na celotnem vozilu z delujočim protiblokirnim sistemom, izkoriščeni oprijem (ε) pa se izračuna z enako formulo, kot je navedena v odstavku 1.2.1 tega dodatka.
Force (N)
Pri vozilu, opremljenem s protiblokirnim sistemom kategorije 3, se vrednost zAL izmeri na vsaki osi, ki ima vsaj eno neposredno upravljano kolo.
Normal reaction of road surface under dynamic conditions with the anti-lock system operative
Na primer, pri dvoosnem vozilu s pogonom na zadnja kolesa in protiblokirnim sistemom, ki deluje le na zadnjo os (2), se izkoriščeni oprijem (ε) izračuna na naslednji način:
Fdyn on axle i in case of power-driven vehicles
Ta izračun se naredi za vsako os, ki ima vsaj eno neposredno upravljano kolo.
Normal reaction of road surface on axle i under static conditions
Če je ε > 1,00, se meritve koeficientov oprijema ponovijo.
Total normal static reaction of road surface on all wheels of power-driven vehicle
Dopustna je razlika do 10 %.
Total normal static reaction of road surface on the unbraked and non-driven axles of the power-driven vehicle
Dodatek 3
FWM [1]
Predpisana stopnja zaviranja iz odstavka 5.3.5 te priloge se lahko izračuna glede na izmerjeni koeficient oprijema na dveh površinah, na katerih se izvaja preskus.
Acceleration due to gravity (9,81 m/s2)
Ti dve površini morata izpolnjevati pogoje, predpisane v odstavku 5.3.4 te priloge.
Height of centre of gravity specified by the manufacturer and agreed by the Technical Service conducting the approval test
Koeficient oprijema (kH in kL) površin z visoko in nizko stopnjo oprijema je treba določiti v skladu z določbami odstavka 1.1 Dodatka 2 k tej prilogi.
Coefficient of adhesion between tyre and road
Stopnja zaviranja (zMALS) pri obremenjenih vozilih je:
k — factor of one front axle
Dodatek 4
k — value determined on the high-adhesion surface
Metoda izbiranja površine ceste z nizko stopnjo oprijema
k — value determined on axle i for a vehicle with a category 3 anti-lock system
Podrobnosti o koeficientu oprijema površine ceste, ki je izbrana v skladu z odstavkom 5.1.1.2 te priloge, je treba predložiti tehnični službi.
k — value determined on the low-adhesion surface
Ti podatki morajo vsebovati krivuljo koeficienta oprijema v primerjavi z zdrsom (zdrs od 0 do 100 %) za približno hitrost 40 km/h.
Value of adhesion for 100 per cent slip
Najvišjo vrednost krivulje predstavlja kpeak, vrednost pri 100-odstotnem zdrsu pa predstavlja klock.
k — factor of the power-driven vehicle
Razmerje R se določi kot kvocient kpeak in klock.
Maximum value of the curve ‘adhesion versus slip’
Vrednost R se zaokroži na eno decimalno mesto.
k — factor of one rear axle
Razmerje R površine ceste, ki se uporabi za preskus, mora biti med 1,0 in 2,0 [1].
Mass of individual vehicle (kg)
Pred preskusom mora tehnična služba zagotoviti, da izbrana površina ceste izpolnjuje posebne zahteve, zato jo je treba obvestiti o naslednjem:
Ratio of kpeak to klock
preskusni metodi za določanje vrednosti R,
Time interval (s)
tipu vozila,
Mean value of t
obremenitvah osi in pnevmatikah (preskusiti je treba različne obremenitve in različne pnevmatike ter rezultate predložiti tehnični službi, ki se odloči, ali so reprezentativni za vozilo v postopku homologacije).
Minimum value of t
Vrednost R se navede v poročilu o preskusu.
Braking rate
Kalibracija površine ceste se izvaja vsaj enkrat na leto z reprezentativnim vozilom, da se preveri nespremenljivost vrednosti R.
Braking rate z of the vehicle with the anti-lock system operative
Dokler takšne preskusne površine niso povsod na voljo, je po dogovoru s tehnično službo sprejemljivo razmerje R do 2,5.
Mean braking rate
PRILOGA 7
Maximum value of z
POSTOPEK PRESKUŠANJA ZAVORNIH OBLOG NA VZTRAJNOSTNEM DINAMOMETRU
zAL of the power-driven vehicle on a ‘split surface’
Postopek, opisan v tej prilogi, se lahko uporabi v primeru spremembe tipa vozila, ki je posledica namestitve zavornih oblog drugega tipa na vozila, homologirana v skladu s tem pravilnikom.
FMnd and FMd in case of two-axled motor vehicles: these symbols may be simplified to corresponding Fi— symbols.
Alternativni tipi zavornih oblog se preverijo tako, da se njihov učinek primerja z učinkom zavornih oblog, s katerimi je bilo vozilo opremljeno v času homologacije, in so skladne s sestavnimi deli, opredeljenimi v ustreznem opisnem listu, čigar vzorec je v Prilogi 1 k temu pravilniku.
METHOD OF MEASUREMENT
Tehnična služba, pristojna za izvajanje homologacijskih preskusov, lahko po lastni presoji zahteva, da se izvede primerjava učinka zavornih oblog v skladu z ustreznimi določbami iz Priloge 3 k temu pravilniku.
Determination of the coefficient of adhesion (k)
Vlogo za homologacijo, pridobljeno s primerjavo, vloži proizvajalec vozila ali njegov pooblaščeni zastopnik.
The coefficient of adhesion (k) shall be determined as the quotient of the maximum braking forces without locking the wheels and the corresponding dynamic load on the axle being braked.
V tej prilogi „vozilo“ pomeni tip vozila, ki je homologiran v skladu s tem pravilnikom in za katerega se zahteva, da je primerjava zadovoljiva.
The brakes shall be applied on only one axle of the vehicle under test, at an initial speed of 50 km/h.
PRESKUSNA OPREMA
The braking forces shall be distributed between the wheels of the axle to reach maximum performance.
V preskusih se uporabi dinamometer z naslednjimi značilnostmi:
The anti-lock system shall be disconnected, or inoperative, between 40 km/h and 20 km/h.
biti mora sposoben ustvarjati vztrajnost, zahtevano v odstavku 3.1 te priloge, in izpolnjevati zahteve iz odstavka 1.5 Priloge 3 k temu pravilniku glede preskusa pojemanja zavornega učinka tipa I;
A number of tests at increments of line pressure shall be carried out to determine the maximum braking rate of the vehicle (zmax).
nameščene zavore morajo biti popolnoma enake kot zavore zadevnega originalnega tipa vozila;
During each test, a constant input force shall be maintained and the braking rate will be determined by reference to the time taken (t) for the speed to reduce from 40 km/h to 20 km/h using the formula:
hlajenje z zrakom, če se uporablja, mora biti v skladu z odstavkom 3.4 te priloge;
zmax is the maximum value of z; t is in seconds.
naprave, ki se uporabljajo pri izvajanju preskusa, morajo beležiti vsaj naslednje podatke:
Wheel lock may occur below 20 km/h.
stalno beleženje hitrosti vrtenja zavornega koluta ali bobna;
Starting from the minimum measured value of t, called tmin, then select three values of t comprised within tmin and 1,05 tmin and calculate their arithmetical mean value tm, then calculate:
število vrtljajev, opravljenih v času enega zaviranja do ustavitve; z natančnostjo najmanj 1/8 vrtljaja;
If it is demonstrated that for practical reasons the three values defined above cannot be obtained, then the minimum time tmin may be utilised.
čas zaviranja do ustavitve;
However, the requirements of paragraph 1.3 shall still apply.
stalno beleženje temperature, izmerjene v sredini sledi naleganja zavorne obloge ali v sredini debeline zavornega koluta, bobna ali obloge;
The braking forces shall be calculated from the measured braking rate and the rolling resistance of the unbraked axle which is equal to 0,015 and 0,010 of the static axle load for a driven axle and a non-driven axle, respectively.
stalno beleženje tlaka v cevovodu do zavornega valja ali sile na stopalki zavore;
The dynamic load on the axle shall be that given by the formulae in Annex 5 to this Regulation.
stalno beleženje izhodnega zavornega navora.
The value of k shall be rounded to three decimal places.
PRESKUSNI POGOJI
Then, the test will be repeated for the other axle(s) as defined in paragraphs 1.1.1 to 1.1.6 above.
Dinamometer mora biti nastavljen čimbolj točno z dovoljenim odstopanjem ± 5 % na rotacijsko vztrajnost, ki je enakovredna tistemu delu skupne vztrajnosti vozila, ki jo zavirajo ustrezna kolesa, v skladu z naslednjo formulo:
For example, in the case of a two-axle rear-wheel drive vehicle, with the front axle (1) being braked, the coefficient of adhesion (k) is given by:
pri čemer je:
The other symbols (P, h, E) are defined in Annex 5 to this Regulation.
I rotacijska vztrajnost (kg • m2),
One coefficient will be determined for the front axle kf and one for the rear axle kr.
R dinamični polmer pnevmatike (m),
Determination of the adhesion utilised (ε)
M tisti del največje mase vozila, ki jo zavirajo ustrezna kolesa.
The adhesion utilised (ε) is defined as the quotient of the maximum braking rate with the anti-lock system operative (zAL) and the coefficient of adhesion (kM), i.e.
Pri dinamometru z enim valjem se ta del izračuna iz konstrukcijsko predvidene razdelitve zavornega učinka, ko je pojemek skladen z ustrezno vrednostjo iz vrstice (A) preglednice iz odstavka 2.1.1 Priloge 3 k temu pravilniku.