natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
It should be noted that the time of 2 seconds allowed includes the time for changing gear and, if necessary, a certain amount of latitude to catch up with the cycle.
Ročni ali polavtomatski menjalnik, glej tabeli A4a/1 in A4a/2 v tej prilogi.
Test preparation
Samodejni menjalnik
Load and inertia setting
Med preskusom se po začetni vključitvi ustrezne prestave menjalna ročica ne premika, razen v primeru iz odstavka 6.4.3.3 te priloge ali če je z menjalno ročico mogoče vklopiti hitro prestavo, če obstaja.
Load determined with vehicle road test
Pospeševanje poteka tako, da je stopnja pospeševanja ves čas preskusa čim bolj enakomerna.
The dynamometer shall be adjusted so that the total inertia of the rotating masses will simulate the inertia and other road load forces acting on the vehicle when driving on the road.
Če pospeševanja ni mogoče izvesti v predpisanem času, se potreben dodatni čas, če je to mogoče, odšteje od časa, predvidenega za menjavo prestave, sicer pa od časa enakomerne hitrosti, ki mu sledi.
The means by which this load is determined is described in paragraph 5 of this annex.
Samodejni menjalniki
Dynamometer with fixed load curve: the load simulator shall be adjusted to absorb the power exerted on the driving wheels at a steady speed of 80 km/h and the absorbed power at 50 km/h shall be noted.
Če pospeševanja ni mogoče izvesti v predpisanem času, se prestavna ročica premika skladno z zahtevami za ročne menjalnike.
Dynamometer with adjustable load curve: the load simulator shall be adjusted in order to absorb the power exerted on the driving wheels at steady speeds of 120, 100, 80, 60 and 40 and 20 km/h.
Vsa pojemanja hitrosti pri osnovnem mestnem ciklu (prvi del) se dosežejo s popolnim umikom noge s pedala za plin, pri čemer ostane sklopka vklopljena.
Load determined by vehicle reference mass
Sklopka se izklopi brez uporabe prestavne ročice pri višji hitrosti od: 10 km/h ali hitrosti, ki ustreza številu vrtljajev motorja v prostem teku.
With the manufacturer's agreement the following method may be used.
Vsa pojemanja hitrosti pri zunajmestnem ciklu (drugi del) se dosežejo s popolnim umikom noge s pedala za plin, pri čemer ostane sklopka vklopljena.
The brake is adjusted so as to absorb the load exerted at the driving wheels at a constant speed of 80 km/h, in accordance with Table A4a/3.
Pri hitrosti 50 km/h se za zadnje pojemanje hitrosti sklopka izklopi brez uporabe prestavne ročice.
If the corresponding equivalent inertia is not available on the dynamometer, the larger value closest to the vehicle reference mass will be used.
Če je čas pojemanja hitrosti daljši od predpisanega za ustrezno fazo, se za ohranjanje predvidenega časovnega poteka preskusa uporabijo zavore vozila.
In the case of vehicles other than passenger cars, with a reference mass of more than 1700 kg or vehicles with permanent all-wheel drive, the power values given in Table A4a/3 are multiplied by a factor 1,3.
Če je čas pojemanja hitrosti krajši od predpisanega za ustrezno fazo, se čas teoretičnega cikla vzpostavi tako, da se čas enakomerne hitrosti ali prostega teka združi z naslednjo delovno stopnjo.
The method used and the values obtained (equivalent inertia — characteristic adjustment parameter) shall be recorded in the test report.
Ob koncu pojemanja hitrosti (ustavitev vozila na valjih) pri osnovnem mestnem ciklu (prvi del) se menjalnik prestavi v prosti tek in vklopi sklopka.
Preliminary testing cycles
Enakomerne hitrosti
Preliminary testing cycles should be carried out if necessary to determine how best to actuate the accelerator and brake controls so as to achieve a cycle approximating to the theoretical cycle within the prescribed limits under which the cycle is carried out.
Pri prehodu s pospeševanja na naslednjo enakomerno hitrost se je treba izogibati hitremu zaporednemu pritiskanju na stopalko ali zapiranju lopute v uplinjaču.
Tyre pressures
Obdobja enakomerne hitrosti se dosežejo z držanjem pedala za plin v stalni legi.
The tyre pressures shall be the same as that specified by the manufacturer and used for the preliminary road test for brake adjustment.
Vzorčenje
The tyre pressure may be increased by up to 50 per cent from the manufacturer's recommended setting in the case of a two-roller dynamometer.
Vzorčenje se začne (BS) pred začetkom ali ob začetku postopka zagona motorja in se konča ob zaključku zadnjega prostega teka v zunajmestnem ciklu (drugi del, konec vzorčenja (ES)) ali pri preskusu tipa VI ob zaključku zadnjega prostega teka zadnjega osnovnega mestnega cikla (prvi del).
The actual pressure used shall be recorded in the test report.
Med preskusom se hitrost zapisuje glede na čas ali se zapiše iz sistema za zbiranje podatkov, da se lahko oceni pravilnost opravljenih ciklov.
Background particulate mass measurement
Delci se merijo neprekinjeno v sistemu za vzorčenje delcev.
The particulate background level of the dilution air may be determined by passing filtered dilution air through the particulate filter.
Povprečne koncentracije se določijo z integriranjem signalov analizatorja skozi celotni preskusni cikel.
This shall be drawn from the same point as the particulate sample.
Postopki po preskusu
One measurement may be performed prior to or after the test.
Preverjanje analizatorja plina
Particulate mass measurements may be corrected by subtracting the background contribution from the dilution system.
Preveri se odčitek ničelnega in kalibrirnega plina analizatorjev, uporabljenih za neprekinjeno merjenje.
The permissible background contribution shall be ≤ 1 mg/km (or equivalent mass on the filter).
Test se šteje za sprejemljivega, če je razlika med rezultati pred preskusom in po preskusu manj kot 2 % vrednosti kalibrirnega plina.
If the background exceeds this level, the default figure of 1 mg/km (or equivalent mass on the filter) shall be employed.
Tehtanje filtra za delce
Where subtraction of the background contribution gives a negative result, the particulate mass result shall be considered to be zero.
Referenčni filtri se stehtajo v 8 urah po tehtanju preskusnih filtrov.
Background particulate number measurements
Onesnažen preskusni filter delcev se namesti v tehtalno komoro v eni uri po analizi izpušnih plinov.
The subtraction of background particulate numbers may be determined by sampling dilution air drawn from a point downstream of the particulate and hydrocarbon filters into the particulate number measurement system.
Preskusni filter se kondicionira vsaj 2 uri in največ 80 ur, nato pa stehta.
Background correction of particulate number measurements shall not be allowed for type approval, but may be used at the manufacturer's request for conformity of production and in service conformity where there are indications that tunnel contribution is significant.
Analiza vreče
Particulate mass filter selection
Izpušni plini v zbiralni vreči se analizirajo čim prej in v vsakem primeru najpozneje 20 minut po koncu preskusnega cikla.
A single particulate filter without back-up shall be employed for both urban and extra-urban phases of the cycle combined.
Pred vsako analizo vzorca je treba merilno območje analizatorja, uporabljenega za vsako onesnaževalo, z ustreznim ničelnim plinom nastaviti na ničlo.
Twin particulate filters, one for the urban, one for the extra-urban phase, may be used without back-up filters, only where the pressure-drop increase across the sample filter between the beginning and the end of the emissions test is otherwise expected to exceed 25 kPa.
Analizatorji se nato nastavijo na kalibracijske krivulje z uporabo kalibrirnih plinov, ki imajo nazivne koncentracije od 70 do 100 % celotnega razpona.
Particulate mass filter preparation
Nato se znova preverijo ničelne vrednosti na analizatorjih.
Particulate mass sampling filters shall be conditioned (as regards temperature and humidity) in an open dish that has been protected against dust ingress for at least 2 and for not more than 80 hours before the test in an air-conditioned chamber.
Če odčitana vrednost za več kot 2 % obsega skale odstopa od razpona iz odstavka 6.5.3.2 te priloge, se za ta analizator postopek ponovi.
After this conditioning, the uncontaminated filters will be weighed and stored until they are used.
Nato se vzorci analizirajo.
If the filters are not used within 1 hour of their removal from the weighing chamber they shall be re-weighed.
Po analizi se z istimi plini ponovno preverijo ničelne točke in točke za določitev merilnega območja.
The 1 hour limit may be replaced by an 8-hour limit if one or both of the following conditions are met:
Če to ponovno preverjanje vrednosti ne odstopa za več kot ± 2 % od tistih iz odstavka 6.5.3.3 te priloge, se analiza šteje za sprejemljivo.
A stabilised filter is placed and kept in a sealed filter holder assembly with the ends plugged; or
Na vseh točkah v tem odstavku so stopnje pretoka in tlaki različnih plinov enaki uporabljenim pri kalibraciji analizatorjev.
A stabilised filter is placed in a sealed filter holder assembly which is then immediately placed in a sample line through which there is no flow.
Veljavna vrednost, ki kaže vsebnost plinov v vsakem od izmerjenih onesnaževal, je tista, ki se na merilni napravi odčita po stabilizaciji.
The particulate sampling system shall be started and prepared for sampling.
Mase emisij ogljikovodikov pri motorjih s kompresijskim vžigom se izračunajo iz integrirane vrednosti, odčitane na ogrevanem plamensko-ionizacijskem detektorju (HFID), po potrebi popravljene zaradi spreminjanja pretoka, kakor je prikazano v odstavku 6.6.6 te priloge.
Particulate number measurement preparation
Izračun emisij
The particulate specific dilution system and measurement equipment shall be started and readied for sampling.
Ugotavljanje prostornine
Prior to the test(s) the correct function of the particulate counter and volatile particulate remover elements of the particulate sampling system shall be confirmed according to paragraphs 2.3.1 and 2.3.3 of Appendix 5 to this annex.
Izračun prostornine, kadar se uporablja naprava za spremenljivo redčenje z regulatorjem za zagotavljanje stalnega pretoka z zaslonko ali venturijevo cevjo.
The particulate counter response shall be tested at near zero prior to each test and, on a daily basis, at high particulate concentrations using ambient air.
Parametri, ki kažejo volumenski pretok, se stalno zapisujejo in izračuna se skupna prostornina med celotnim trajanjem preskusa.
When the inlet is equipped with a High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filter, it shall be demonstrated that the entire particulate sampling system is free from any leaks.
Izračun prostornine pri uporabi volumetrične črpalke
Checking the gas analysers
Prostornina razredčenega izpušnega plina, merjenega pri sistemih z volumetrično črpalko, se izračuna z naslednjo formulo:
The emissions analysers for the gases shall be set at zero and spanned.
V prostornina razredčenega plina, izražena v litrih, na preskus (pred popravkom),
The sample bags shall be evacuated.
prostornina plina, ki ga je pri preskusnih pogojih dovedla volumetrična črpalka, v litrih na vrtljaj,
Conditioning procedure
N število vrtljajev na preskus.
For the purpose of measuring particulates, at most 36 hours and at least 6 hours before testing, the Part Two cycle described in paragraph 6.1 of this annex shall be used for vehicle pre-conditioning.
Popravek prostornine glede na standardne pogoje
Three consecutive cycles shall be driven.
Prostornina razredčenih izpušnih plinov se popravi z naslednjo formulo:
The dynamometer setting shall be indicated as in paragraph 6.2.1 of this annex.
zračni tlak v preskusnem prostoru v kPa,
At the request of the manufacturer, vehicles fitted with indirect injection positive ignition engines may be preconditioned with one Part One and two Part Two driving cycles.
podtlak na vstopni odprtini volumetrične črpalke v kPa glede na zračni tlak okolice,
In a test facility in which there may be possible contamination of a low particulate emitting vehicle test with residue from a previous test on a high particulate emitting vehicle, it is recommended, for the purpose of sampling equipment pre-conditioning, that a 120 km/h steady state drive cycle of 20 minutes duration followed by three consecutive Part Two cycles be driven by a low particulate emitting vehicle.
povprečna temperatura razredčenih izpušnih plinov na vstopu v volumetrično črpalko med preskusom (K).
After this preconditioning, and before testing, vehicles shall be kept in a room in which the temperature remains relatively constant between 293 and 303 K (20 °C and 30 °C).
Skupna masa emisij plinastih onesnaževal in delcev, ki onesnažujejo
This conditioning shall be carried out for at least 6 hours and continue until the engine oil temperature and coolant, if any, are within ±2 K of the temperature of the room.
Masa M vsakega onesnaževala, ki se sprošča iz vozila med preskusom, se določi z zmnožkom prostorninske koncentracije in prostornine zadevnega plina ob upoštevanju naslednjih gostot pod zgoraj navedenimi referenčnimi pogoji:
If the manufacturer so requests, the test shall be carried out not later than 30 hours after the vehicle has been run at its normal temperature.
za ogljikov monoksid (CO):
For positive ignition engined vehicles fuelled with LPG or NG/biomethane or so equipped that they can be fuelled with either petrol or LPG or NG/biomethane, between the tests on the first gaseous reference fuel and the second gaseous reference fuel, the vehicle shall be preconditioned before the test on the second reference fuel.
za ogljikovodike:
This preconditioning is done on the second reference fuel by driving a preconditioning cycle consisting of one Part One (urban part) and two times Part Two (extra-urban part) of the test cycle described in paragraph 6.1 of this annex.
za bencin (E5) (C1H1,89O0,016)
On the manufacturer's request and with the agreement of the Technical Service this preconditioning may be extended.
za bencin (E10) (C1H1, 93O0,033)
The dynamometer setting shall be the one indicated in paragraph 6.2 of this annex.
za dizelsko gorivo (B5) (C1Hl,86O0,005)
Starting-up the engine
za dizelsko gorivo (B7) (C1Hl,86O0,007)
The engine shall be started up by means of the devices provided for this purpose according to the manufacturer's instructions, as incorporated in the drivers' handbook of production vehicles.
za UNP (CH2,525)
The first cycle starts on the initiation of the engine start-up procedure.
za ZP/biometan (C1H4)
In cases where LPG or NG/biomethane is used as a fuel it is permissible that the engine is started on petrol and switched to LPG or NG/biomethane after a predetermined period of time which cannot be changed by the driver.
za etanol (E85) (C1H2,74O0,385)
This period of time shall not exceed 60 seconds.
d = 0,932 g/l
Manual-shift or semi-automatic gearbox, see Tables A4a/1 and A4a/2 of this annex.
za etanol (E75) (C1H2,61O0,329)
Automatic-shift gearbox
d = 0,886 g/l
After initial engagement the selector shall not be operated at any time during the test except in the case specified in paragraph 6.4.3.3 of this annex or if the selector can actuate the overdrive, if any.
za dušikove okside (NOx):
Accelerations shall be so performed that the rate of acceleration is as constant as possible throughout the operation.
d = 2,05 g/l
If an acceleration cannot be carried out in the prescribed time, the extra time required shall be deducted from the time allowed for changing gear, if possible, but otherwise from the subsequent steady-speed period.
Mase emisij plinastih onesnaževal se izračunajo po naslednji formuli:
Automatic-shift gearboxes
masa emisije onesnaževala i v gramih na kilometer,
If acceleration cannot be carried out in the prescribed time, the gear selector shall operate in accordance with requirements for manual-shift gearboxes.
prostornina razredčenega izpušnega plina, izražena v litrih na preskus in popravljena glede na standardne pogoje (273,2 K in 101,33 kPa),
All decelerations of the elementary urban cycle (Part One) shall be effected by removing the foot completely from the accelerator with the clutch remaining engaged.
gostota onesnaževala i v gramih na liter pri normalni temperaturi in tlaku (273,2 K in 101,33 kPa),
The clutch shall be disengaged, without use of the gear lever, at the higher of the following speeds: 10 km/h or the speed corresponding to the engine idle speed.
korekcijski faktor za vlažnost, ki se uporablja pri izračunavanju mase emisije dušikovih oksidov.
All decelerations of the extra-urban cycle (Part Two) shall be effected by removing the foot completely from the accelerator, the clutch remaining engaged.
Za HC in CO ni korekcijske vlažnosti,
The clutch shall be disengaged, without use of the gear lever, at a speed of 50 km/h for the last deceleration.
koncentracija škodljive snovi i v razredčenih izpušnih plinih, izražena v ppm in popravljena za količino onesnaževala i, ki jo vsebuje zrak za redčenje,
If the period of deceleration is longer than that prescribed for the corresponding phase, the vehicle's brakes shall be used to enable compliance with the timing of the cycle.
d razdalja, ki ustreza obratovalnemu ciklu v kilometrih.
If the period of deceleration is shorter than that prescribed for the corresponding phase, the timing of the theoretical cycle shall be restored by constant speed or an idling period merging into the following operation.
Popravek za koncentracijo zraka za redčenje
At the end of the deceleration period (halt of the vehicle on the rollers) of the elementary urban cycle (Part One), the gears shall be placed in neutral and the clutch engaged.
Koncentracija onesnaževala v razredčenih izpušnih plinih se popravi s količino onesnaževala v zraku za redčenje, kot sledi:
Steady speeds
koncentracija onesnaževala i v razredčenem izpušnem plinu, izražena v ppm in popravljena s količino i v zraku za redčenje,
‘Pumping’ or the closing of the throttle shall be avoided when passing from acceleration to the following steady speed.
koncentracija onesnaževala i v razredčenem izpušnem plinu, izražena v ppm,
Periods of constant speed shall be achieved by keeping the accelerator position fixed.
izmerjena koncentracija onesnaževala i v zraku, uporabljenem za redčenje, izražena v ppm,
Sampling
DF faktor redčenja.
Sampling shall begin (BS) before or at the initiation of the engine start up procedure and end on conclusion of the final idling period in the extra-urban cycle (Part Two, end of sampling (ES)) or, in the case of the Type VI test, on conclusion of the final idling period of the last elementary urban cycle (Part One).
Faktor redčenja se izračuna:
During the test the speed is recorded against time or collected by the data-acquisition system so that the correctness of the cycles performed can be assessed.
Za vsako referenčno gorivo razen vodika:
Particulates shall be measured continuously in the particulate sampling system.
Za gorivo s sestavo CxHyOz je splošna formula:
The average concentrations shall be determined by integrating the analyser signals over the test cycle.
Spodaj so navedeni faktorji redčenja za referenčna goriva, ki jih zajema ta pravilnik:
Post-test procedures
za bencin (E5)
Gas analyser check
za bencin (E10)
Zero and span gas reading of the analysers used for continuous measurement shall be checked.
za dizelsko gorivo (B5)
The test shall be considered acceptable if the difference between the pre-test and post-test results is less than 2 per cent of the span gas value.
za dizelsko gorivo (B7)
Particulate filter weighing
za UNP
Reference filters shall be weighed within 8 hours of the test filter weighing.
za ZP/biometan
The contaminated particulate test filter shall be taken to the weighing chamber within 1 hour following the analyses of the exhaust gases.
za etanol (E85)
The test filter shall be conditioned for at least 2 hours and not more than 80 hours and then weighed.
za etanol (E75)
Bag analysis
za vodik
The exhaust gases contained in the bag shall be analysed as soon as possible and in any event not later than 20 minutes after the end of the test cycle.
V teh enačbah:
Prior to each sample analysis, the analyser range to be used for each pollutant shall be set to zero with the appropriate zero gas.
koncentracija CO2 v razredčenem izpušnem plinu v vreči za zbiranje vzorcev, izražena v volumskem odstotku,
The analysers shall then be set to the calibration curves by means of span gases of nominal concentrations of 70 to 100 per cent of the range.
koncentracija HC v razredčenem izpušnem plinu v vreči za zbiranje vzorcev, izražena v ppm ekvivalenta ogljika,
The analysers' zero settings shall then be rechecked: if any reading differs by more than 2 per cent of the range from that set in paragraph 6.5.3.2 of this annex, the procedure shall be repeated for that analyser.
koncentracija CO v razredčenem izpušnem plinu v vreči za zbiranje vzorcev, izražena v ppm,
The samples shall then be analysed.
koncentracija H2O v razredčenem izpušnem plinu v vreči za zbiranje vzorcev, izražena v volumskem odstotku,
After the analysis, zero and span points shall be rechecked using the same gases.
koncentracija H2O v zraku, uporabljenem za redčenje, izražena v volumskem odstotku,
If these rechecks are within ±2 per cent of those in paragraph 6.5.3.3 of this annex, the analysis shall be considered acceptable.
koncentracija vodika v razredčenem izpušnem plinu v vreči za zbiranje vzorcev, izražena v ppm,
At all points in this paragraph, the flow-rates and pressures of the various gases shall be the same as those used during calibration of the analysers.
Koncentracija nemetanskih ogljikovodikov se izračuna:
The figure adopted for the content of the gases in each of the pollutants measured shall be that read off after stabilisation of the measuring device.
popravljena koncentracija NMHC v razredčenem izpušnem plinu, izražena v ppm ekvivalenta ogljika,
Hydrocarbon mass emissions of compression-ignition engines shall be calculated from the integrated Heated Flame Ionisation Detector (HFID) reading, corrected for varying flow if necessary, as shown in paragraph 6.6.6 of this annex.
koncentracija THC v razredčenem izpušnem plinu, izražena v ppm ekvivalenta ogljika in popravljena s količino THC v zraku za redčenje,
Calculation of emissions
koncentracija CH4 v razredčenem izpušnem plinu, izražena v ppm ekvivalenta ogljika in popravljena s količino CH4 v zraku za redčenje,
Determination of volume
faktor odzivnosti FID na metan iz odstavka 2.3.3 Dodatka 3 te priloge.
Calculation of the volume when a variable dilution device with constant flow control by orifice or venturi is used.
Izračun korekcijskega faktorja NO zaradi vlažnosti
Calculation of volume when a positive displacement pump is used
kjer je:
V volume of the diluted gas expressed in litres per test (prior to correction),
relativna vlažnost zraka okolice, izražena v odstotkih,
N number of revolutions per test.
atmosferski tlak v prostoru, izražen v kPa.
The diluted exhaust-gas volume is corrected by means of the following formula:
Za izračun mase emisij HC iz motorjev s kompresijskim vžigom se povprečna koncentracija HC izračuna:
barometric pressure in the test room in kPa,
integral zapisa ogretega FID med preskusom (t2 – t1)
vacuum at the inlet to the positive displacement pump in kPa relative to the ambient barometric pressure,
koncentracija HC, merjena v razredčenem izpušnem plinu, izražena v ppm Ci, nadomešča CHC v vseh ustreznih enačbah.
average temperature of the diluted exhaust gas entering the positive displacement pump during the test (K).
Ugotavljanje delcev
Total mass of gaseous and particulate pollutants emitted
Emisija delcev Mp (g/km) se izračuna z naslednjo enačbo:
The mass M of each pollutant emitted by the vehicle during the test shall be determined by obtaining the product of the volumetric concentration and the volume of the gas in question, with due regard for the following densities under abovementioned reference conditions:
kjer so izpušni plini izpuščeni zunaj tunela;
In the case of carbon monoxide (CO):
kjer se izpušni plini vrnejo v tunel;
In the case of hydrocarbons:
prostornina razredčenega izpušnega plina (glej odstavek 6.6.1 te priloge) pri standardnih pogojih,
For petrol (E5) (C1H1,89O0,016)
prostornina izpušnega plina, ki se pretaka skozi filter za delce pri standardnih pogojih,
d = 0,631 g/1
masa delcev, izločena s filtri,