natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
State aid should be targeted towards situations where aid can bring a material improvement that the market cannot alone deliver.
V tem primeru podjetja, ki delujejo v lastnem interesu, nimajo zadostnih spodbud, da bi pri odločanju o posamezni proizvodni tehnologiji ali na ravni proizvodnje upoštevala negativne zunanje učinke, ki so posledica proizvodnje.
To establish Guidelines ensuring that aid measures achieve the common objective, Contracting Parties should identify the market failures hampering an increased level of environmental protection or a well-functioning secure, affordable and sustainable internal energy market.
To pomeni, da so stroški proizvodnje, ki jih krije podjetje, nižji od stroškov, ki jih krije družba.
Market failures related to environmental and energy objectives may be different or similar, but can prevent the optimal outcome and can lead to an inefficient outcome for the following reasons:
Zato podjetja običajno nimajo zadostnih spodbud za znižanje ravni onesnaževanja, ki ga povzročajo, ali za sprejetje posameznih ukrepov za varstvo okolja;
Negative externalities they are most common for environmental aid measures and arise when pollution is not adequately priced, that is to say, the firm in question does not face the full cost of pollution.
pozitivni zunanji učinki ker bodo poleg vlagatelja del koristi od naložbe imeli tudi drugi udeleženci na trgu, bodo podjetja vlagala premalo.
In this case, undertakings acting in their own interest may have insufficient incentives to take the negative externalities arising from production into account either when they decide on a particular production technology or when they decide on the production level.
Pozitivni zunanji učinki se lahko na primer pojavijo pri naložbah v ekoinovacije [34], stabilnost sistema, nove in inovativne tehnologije na področju obnovljivih virov energije ter inovativne ukrepe za uravnoteženje povpraševanja in ponudbe ali pri energetskih infrastrukturah ali ukrepih za zadostnost proizvodnje, od katerih imajo koristi številne pogodbenice (ali večje število potrošnikov);
In other words, the production costs that are borne by the undertaking are lower than the costs borne by society.
asimetrične informacije običajno se pojavijo na trgih v primeru neskladnosti med informacijami, ki so na voljo eni strani trga, in informacijami, ki so na voljo drugi strani trga.
Therefore undertakings typically have insufficient incentive to reduce their level of pollution or to take individual measures to protect the environment.
Takšen položaj lahko na primer nastane, kadar zunanji finančni vlagatelji nimajo informacij glede pričakovanih donosov projekta in tveganj v zvezi s projektom.
Positive externalities the fact that part of the benefit from an investment will accrue to market participants other than the investor, will lead undertakings to underinvest.
Pojavijo se lahko tudi pri sodelovanju na področju čezmejne infrastrukture, kjer ima ena stran manj informacij kot druga.
Positive externalities may occur for instance in case of investments in eco-innovation [34], system stability, new and innovative renewable technologies and innovative demand-response measures or in case of energy infrastructures or generation adequacy measures that benefit many Contracting Parties (or a wider number of consumers).
Čeprav tveganja ali negotovost sama po sebi ne povzročajo nedelovanja trga, je težava glede asimetričnih informacij povezana s stopnjo takih tveganj in negotovosti.
Asymmetric information this typically arises in markets where there is a discrepancy between the information available to one side of the market and the information available to the other side of the market.
Oboje je običajno večje pri okoljskih naložbah, za katere je značilno daljše obdobje amortizacije.
This could for instance occur where external financial investors have a lack of information about the likely returns and risks of the project.
To lahko povzroči večjo osredotočenost na kratkoročnejše naložbe, ki se lahko zaradi pogojev financiranja za takšne naložbe, zlasti za MSP, še poveča;
It may also come up in cross-border infrastructure collaboration where one party has an information disadvantage compared to the other party.
neuspešno usklajevanje prepreči lahko razvoj projekta ali njegovo učinkovito zasnovo zaradi različnih interesov in spodbud vlagateljev (tako imenovanih ločenih spodbud), stroškov sklepanja pogodb, negotovosti glede skupnega rezultata in učinkov omrežja, na primer neprekinjene dobave električne energije.
Although risk or uncertainty do not in themselves lead to the presence of a market failure, the problem of asymmetric information is linked to the degree of such risk and uncertainty.
Do neuspešnega usklajevanja lahko na primer pride v odnosu med lastnikom zgradbe in najemnikom glede uporabe energetsko učinkovitih rešitev.
Both tend to be higher for environmental investments with a typically longer amortisation period.
Težave z obveščanjem lahko še dodatno zaostrijo težave pri usklajevanju, zlasti kadar gre za asimetrične informacije.
It might reinforce a focus on a short-term horizon that could be aggravated by financing conditions for such investments in particular for SMEs.
Težave pri usklajevanju lahko nastanejo tudi zaradi potrebe po doseganju določene kritične mase, preden je zagon projekta tržno privlačen, kar je lahko zlasti pomembno pri (čezmejnih) infrastrukturnih projektih.
Coordination failures they may prevent the development of a project or its effective design due to diverging interests and incentives among investors, so called split incentives, the costs of contracting, uncertainty about the collaborative outcome and network effects, for example e.g. uninterrupted supply of electricity.
Samo nedelovanje trga v določenem okviru ni zadosten razlog za posredovanje države.
They can arise for example in the relationship between a building owner and a tenant in respect of applying energy-efficient solutions.
Zlasti so lahko že vzpostavljene druge politike in ukrepi, ki so namenjeni obravnavi ugotovljenih oblik nedelovanja trga.
Coordination problems may be further exacerbated by information problems, in particular those related to asymmetric information.
Primeri tega so sektorski predpisi, obvezni standardi glede onesnaževanja, mehanizmi določanja cen, kot je sistem za trgovanje z emisijami, in davki na ogljikov dioksid.
Coordination problems may also stem from the need to reach a certain critical mass before it is commercially attractive to start a project which may be a particularly relevant aspect in (cross-border) infrastructure projects.
Dodatni ukrepi, vključno z državno pomočjo, so lahko usmerjeni samo na preostalo nedelovanje trga, tj. nedelovanje trga, ki ga navedene druge politike in ukrepi ne obravnavajo.
The mere existence of market failures in a certain context is not sufficient to justify State intervention.
Prav tako je treba dokazati, kako državna pomoč krepi druge politike in ukrepe, ki se že izvajajo in so usmerjeni v odpravo istega nedelovanja trga.
In particular, other policies and measures may already be in place to address some of the market failures identified.
Zato je potreba po državni pomoči slabše utemeljena, če je v nasprotju z drugimi politikami, ki so namenjene odpravi istega nedelovanja trga.
Examples include sectorial regulation, mandatory pollution standards, pricing mechanisms such as the Emissions Trading System (‘ETS’) and carbon taxes.
Nadzorni organ bo štel, da je pomoč potrebna, če pogodbenica dokaže, da je pomoč učinkovito usmerjena v (preostalo) nedelovanje trga, ki še ni obravnavano.
Additional measures including State aid may only be directed at the residual market failure, that is to say the market failure that remains unaddressed by such other policies and measures.
Kljub obstoju nedelovanja trga in dejstvu, da so lahko ukrepi pomoči načeloma zasnovani tako, da so usmerjeni v učinkovit rezultat na trgu, tako nedelovanje trga ne vpliva nujno enako na vsa zadevna podjetja.
It is also important to show how State aid reinforces other policies and measures in place that aim at remedying the same market failure.
Zato bo Nadzorni organ za individualno pomoč, ki jo je treba priglasiti, ocenil specifično potrebo po pomoči v konkretnem primeru.
Therefore, the case for the necessity of State aid is weaker if it counteracts other policies targeted at the same market failure.
Pogodbenica mora dokazati, da je nedelovanje trga v primeru posamezne dejavnosti, ki ji je namenjena pomoč, še vedno prisotno in da je pomoč učinkovito usmerjena v reševanje zadevnega nedelovanja trga.
The Authority will consider that aid is needed if the Contracting Party demonstrates that the aid effectively targets a (residual) market failure which is not addressed.
Nadzorni organ bo, odvisno od posameznega obravnavanega nedelovanja trga, upošteval naslednje dejavnike:
Whereas market failures may exist in general and aid measures may be, in principle, well-designed to target an efficient market outcome, not all undertakings concerned may be confronted with these market failures to the same extent.
ali drugi ukrepi politike, zlasti obstoj okoljskih ali drugih standardov Unije, sistem za trgovanje z emisijami ali okoljski davki, že ustrezno obravnavajo nedelovanje trga;
Consequently, for notifiable individual aid, the Authority will assess the specific need for aid in the case at hand.
ali je potrebno posredovanje države ob upoštevanju stroškov uvedbe nacionalnih standardov za upravičenca do pomoči ob odsotnosti pomoči v primerjavi s stroški uvedbe navedenih standardov za glavne konkurente upravičenca do pomoči ali njihovo odsotnostjo;
It is for the Contracting Party to demonstrate that there is a market failure which is still not addressed with regard to the specific activity supported by the aid and whether the aid is effectively targeted to address that market failure.
v primeru neuspešnega usklajevanja število podjetij, ki morajo sodelovati, različne interese med sodelujočimi strankami in težave pri usklajevanju sodelovanja v praksi, kot so jezikovna vprašanja, občutljivost informacij in neusklajeni standardi.
Depending on the specific market failure addressed, the Authority will take into account the following factors:
Ustreznost pomoči
whether other policy measures already sufficiently address the market failure, in particular the existence of environmental or other Union standards, the ETS or environmental taxes;
Predlagani ukrep pomoči mora biti ustrezen instrument za obravnavo zadevnega cilja politike.
whether State intervention is needed, taking into account, the cost of implementation of national standards for the aid beneficiary in the absence of aid compared to the costs, or absence thereof, of implementation of those standards for the main competitors of the aid beneficiary;
Ukrep pomoči se ne šteje za združljivega z delovanjem Sporazuma EGP, če je mogoče enak pozitiven prispevek k skupnemu cilju doseči z drugimi, manj izkrivljajočimi instrumenti politike ali drugimi, manj izkrivljajočimi vrstami instrumentov pomoči.
in the case of coordination failures, the number of undertakings required to collaborate, diverging interests between collaborating parties and practical problems to coordinate collaboration, such as linguistic issues, sensitivity of information and non-harmonised standards.
Ustreznost glede na druge instrumente politike
Appropriateness of the aid
Državna pomoč ni edini instrument politike, ki ga imajo pogodbenice na voljo za spodbujanje višje ravni varstva okolja ali vzpostavitev dobro delujočega, zanesljivega, cenovno dostopnega in trajnostnega evropskega trga z energijo.
The proposed aid measure must be an appropriate instrument to address the policy objective concerned.
Upoštevati je treba, da je navedena cilja morda mogoče doseči z drugimi, ustreznejšimi instrumenti.
An aid measure will not be considered compatible with the functioning of the EEA Agreement if the same positive contribution to the common objective is achievable through other less distortive policy instruments or other less distortive types of aid instruments.
Najpomembnejša orodja za dosego okoljskih in energetskih ciljev so regulacija in tržni instrumenti.
Appropriateness among alternative policy instruments
Tudi mehki instrumenti, kot so prostovoljni znaki za okolje in razširjanje okolju prijaznih tehnologij, imajo lahko pomembno vlogo pri doseganju višje ravni varstva okolja.
State aid is not the only policy instrument available to Contracting Parties to promote increased levels of environmental protection or to achieve a well-functioning secure, affordable and sustainable European energy market.
Različni ukrepi za odpravo enake oblike nedelovanja trga se lahko med seboj izključujejo.
It is important to keep in mind that there may be other, better placed instruments to achieve those objectives.
To velja v primerih, kadar je uveden učinkovit tržni mehanizem, ki je posebej namenjen obravnavi težave zunanjih učinkov.
Regulation and market-based instruments are the most important tools to achieve environmental and energy objectives.
Dodaten podporni ukrep za odpravo enakega nedelovanja trga bi lahko zmanjšal učinkovitost tržnega mehanizma.
Soft instruments, such as voluntary eco-labels, and the diffusion of environmentally friendly technologies may also play an important role in achieving a higher level of environmental protection.
Različni ukrepi za odpravo različnih oblik nedelovanja trga so si lahko med seboj tudi nasprotujoči.
Different measures to remedy the same market failure may counteract each other.
Ukrep, ki obravnava težavo glede zadostnosti proizvodnje, je treba uravnotežiti z okoljskim ciljem postopne odprave okolju ali gospodarstvu škodljivih subvencij, tudi za fosilna goriva.
This is the case where an efficient, market-based mechanism has been put in place to deal specifically with the problem of externalities.
Podobno lahko ukrep za zmanjšanje emisij toplogrednih plinov poveča ponudbo spremenljive energije, kar lahko negativno vpliva na zadostnost proizvodnje.
An additional support measure to address the same market failure risks to undermine the efficiency of the market-based mechanism.
Spoštovanje načela „onesnaževalec plača“ v okoljski zakonodaji načeloma zagotavlja odpravo nedelovanja trga, povezanega z negativnimi zunanjimi učinki.
Different measures to remedy different market failures may also counteract each other.
Državna pomoč zato ni ustrezen instrument in je ni mogoče dodeliti, če je bilo mogoče upravičencu do pomoči na podlagi obstoječe zakonodaje EGP ali nacionalne zakonodaje pripisati odgovornost za onesnaževanje [35].
A measure addressing a generation adequacy problem needs to be balanced with the environmental objective of phasing out environmentally or economically harmful subsidies, including for fossil fuels.
Ustreznost glede na različne instrumente pomoči
Similarly, a measure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions can increase the supply of variable power which might negatively affect generation adequacy concerns.
Okoljsko in energetsko pomoč je mogoče dodeliti v različnih oblikah.
Respect for the ‘polluter pays principle’ (‘PPP’) through environmental legislation ensures in principle that the market failure linked to negative externalities will be rectified.
Vendar mora pogodbenica zagotoviti, da je pomoč dodeljena v obliki, ki bo verjetno povzročila najmanjše izkrivljanje trgovine in konkurence.
Therefore, State aid is not an appropriate instrument and cannot be granted in so far as the beneficiary of the aid could be held liable for the pollution under existing EEA or national law [35].
Pogodbenica mora torej dokazati, zakaj so druge potencialno manj izkrivljajoče oblike pomoči, kot so vračljiva predplačila v primerjavi z neposrednimi nepovratnimi sredstvi ali davčni odbitki v primerjavi z nižjo obdavčitvijo, ali oblike pomoči, ki temeljijo na finančnih instrumentih, kot so dolžniški ali lastniški instrumenti (npr. posojila z nižjo obrestno mero ali subvencionirane obrestne mere, državna poroštva ali drugačno zagotavljanje kapitala pod ugodnimi pogoji), manj ustrezne.
Appropriateness among different aid instruments
Izbira instrumenta pomoči mora biti prilagojena nedelovanju trga, ki se želi odpraviti z ukrepom pomoči.
Environmental and energy aid can be awarded in various forms.
Zlasti kadar so dejanski prihodki negotovi, kot je to v primeru ukrepov za prihranek energije, je lahko vračljivo predplačilo ustrezen instrument.
The Contracting Party should however ensure that the aid is awarded in the form that is likely to generate the least distortions of trade and competition.
Za sheme pomoči, v okviru katerih se izvajajo cilji in prednostne naloge operativnih programov, se finančni instrument, izbran v zadevnem programu, načeloma šteje za ustrezen instrument.
In that respect, the Contracting Party is required to demonstrate why other potentially less distortive forms of aid such as repayable advances as compared to direct grants or tax credits as compared to tax reductions or forms of aid that are based on financial instruments such as debt or equity instruments (for example, low-interest loans or interest rebates, State guarantees, or an alternative provision of capital on favourable terms) are less appropriate.
V primeru pomoči za tekoče poslovanje mora pogodbenica dokazati, da je pomoč ustrezna za dosego cilja sheme, v katero je usmerjena.
The choice of the aid instrument should be coherent with the market failure that the aid measure aims at addressing.
Kot dokaz o ustreznosti pomoči lahko pogodbenica vnaprej izračuna znesek pomoči kot fiksen znesek za kritje pričakovanih dodatnih stroškov v zadevnem obdobju, s čimer se podjetja spodbuja, da čim bolj omejijo stroške in sčasoma začnejo poslovati učinkoviteje [36].
In particular where the actual revenues are uncertain, for instance in case of energy saving measures, a repayable advance may constitute the appropriate instrument.
Za dokazovanje ustreznosti shem lahko pogodbenice uporabijo tudi rezultate preteklih ocen, kot je opisano v poglavju 4.
For aid schemes implementing the objectives and priorities of operational programmes, the financing instrument chosen in this programme is in principle presumed to be an appropriate instrument.
Spodbujevalni učinek
For operating aid, the Contracting Party must demonstrate that the aid is appropriate to achieve the objective of the scheme to which the aid is targeted.
Okoljska in energetska pomoč se lahko štejeta za združljivi z delovanjem Sporazuma EGP le, če imata spodbujevalni učinek.
To demonstrate that the aid is appropriate, the Contracting Party may calculate the aid amount ex ante as a fixed sum covering the expected additional costs over a given period, to incentivise undertakings to minimise their costs and develop their business in a more efficient manner over time [36].
Do spodbujevalnega učinka pride, kadar pomoč upravičenca spodbudi k spremembi ravnanja, tako da ta zviša raven varstva okolja ali izboljša delovanje zanesljivega, cenovno dostopnega in trajnostnega trga z energijo, česar brez pomoči ne bi storil.
For the purpose of demonstrating the appropriateness of schemes, the Contracting Party can also rely on the results of past evaluations as described in Chapter 4.
Pomoč ne sme subvencionirati stroškov dejavnosti, ki bi jih podjetje imelo v vsakem primeru, in ne sme biti nadomestilo za običajno poslovno tveganje gospodarske dejavnosti.
Incentive effect
Nadzorni organ meni, da pomoč nima spodbujevalnega učinka za upravičenca, če se je delo na projektu že začelo, preden je upravičenec nacionalnim organom predložil vlogo za pomoč.
Environmental and energy aid can only be found compatible with the functioning of the EEA Agreement if it has an incentive effect.
V takih primerih, ko upravičenec začne izvajati projekt, preden zaprosi za pomoč, se nobena pomoč, dodeljena za ta projekt, ne bo štela za združljivo z delovanjem Sporazuma EGP.
An incentive effect occurs when the aid induces the beneficiary to change its behaviour to increase the level of environmental protection or to improve the functioning of a secure, affordable and sustainable energy market, a change in behaviour which it would not undertake without the aid.
Pogodbenice morajo za pomoč uvesti in uporabljati obrazec za zaprosilo za pomoč.
The aid must not subsidise the costs of an activity that an undertaking would anyhow incur and must not compensate for the normal business risk of an economic activity.
V obrazcu je treba navesti vsaj ime prosilca in velikost podjetja, opis projekta, vključno z njegovo lokacijo ter datumom začetka in zaključka, znesek pomoči, ki je potreben za izvedbo projekta, in upravičene stroške.
The Authority considers that aid does not present an incentive effect for the beneficiary in all cases where work on the project had already started prior to the aid application by the beneficiary to the national authorities.
Na obrazcu morajo upravičenci opisati stanje brez pomoči, ki se imenuje obratni hipotetični scenarij ali nadomestni scenarij ali projekt.
In such cases, where the beneficiary starts implementing a project before applying for aid, any aid granted in respect of that project will not be considered compatible with the functioning of the EEA Agreement.
Velika podjetja morajo poleg tega predložiti dokazila v podporo obratnemu hipotetičnemu scenariju, opisanemu na obrazcu.
Contracting Parties must introduce and use an application form for aid.
Organ, ki dodeljuje pomoč, mora ob prejemu obrazca preveriti verodostojnost obratnega hipotetičnega scenarija in potrditi, da ima pomoč zahtevani spodbujevalni učinek.
The application form includes at least the applicant's name and the size of the undertaking, a description of the project, including its location and start and end dates, the amount of aid needed to carry it out and the eligible costs.
Obratni hipotetični scenarij je verodostojen, če je resničen in se nanaša na dejavnike odločanja, ki prevladujejo v času odločitve upravičenca glede naložbe.
In the application form, beneficiaries must describe the situation without the aid, i.e., a situation that is referred to as the counterfactual scenario, or the alternative scenario or project.
Ni nujno, da so izpolnjeni pogoji iz odstavkov 45 in 46, kadar se pomoč dodeli na podlagi konkurenčnega postopka zbiranja ponudb.
In addition, large undertakings must submit documentary evidence in support of the counterfactual scenario described in the application form.
Spodbujevalni učinek in prilagajanje na standarde Unije
When receiving an application form, the granting authority must carry out a credibility check of the counterfactual scenario and confirm that the aid has the required incentive effect.
Nadzorni organ meni, da pomoč, dodeljena za prilagajanje prihodnjim standardom Unije, načeloma ima spodbujevalni učinek, tudi kadar je standard že sprejet, vendar še ne velja.
A counterfactual scenario is credible if it is genuine and relates to the decision-making factors prevalent at the time of the decision by the beneficiary regarding the investment.
Vendar ima v tem primeru pomoč spodbujevalni učinek, če spodbuja izvajanje naložbe že dolgo pred začetkom veljavnosti standarda.
It is not required to meet the conditions of paragraphs 45 and 46 where the aid is awarded on the basis of a competitive bidding process.
Štelo se bo, da ima pomoč, dodeljena za prilagajanje standardom Unije, ki so že sprejeti, vendar še ne veljajo, spodbujevalni učinek, če bo naložba izvedena in zaključena vsaj eno leto pred začetkom veljavnosti standardov Unije.
Incentive effect and adaptation to Union standards
Z nadaljnjim odstopanjem od odstavka 48 se lahko šteje, da ima pomoč spodbujevalni učinek, če se dodeli za:
The Authority considers that aid granted to adapt to future Union standards has in principle an incentive effect, including when the standard has already been adopted but is not yet in force.
nakup novih prevoznih sredstev za cestni in železniški prevoz ter prevoz po celinskih plovnih poteh in pomorski prevoz, ki izpolnjujejo sprejete standarde Unije, če je bil nakup opravljen pred začetkom veljavnosti teh standardov in če se ti standardi, potem ko začnejo veljati, ne uporabljajo za že kupljena prevozna sredstva; ali