natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
In such a scenario, the parties can be presumed to be actual competitors, until a blocking position is proven (in particular by a final court judgment).
Glede na navedeno pridobitelja licence ni mogoče opisati kot potencialnega konkurenta, če njegov vstop na trg ni ekonomsko izvedljiva strategija [33].
The licensee can be considered a potential competitor on the product market if it is likely that, in the absence of the agreement, it would undertake the necessary additional investments to enter the relevant market in response to a small but permanent increase in product prices.
V specifičnem primeru pravic intelektualne lastnine se pri ugotavljanju, ali sta pogodbenici potencialna konkurenta na posameznem trgu ali ne, upošteva dodatni dejavnik, in sicer možnost pogodbenic, da jima njune pravice intelektualne lastnine omogočajo blokiranje, kar pomeni, da pridobitelj licence ne more vstopiti na zadevni trg, ne da bi kršil pravice intelektualne lastnine druge pogodbenice.
Likely entry should be assessed on realistic grounds, that is to say based on the facts of the case at hand.
Brez gotovosti v obliki končne sodne odločbe, da obstaja možnost blokiranja, in torej brez gotovosti v zvezi s tem vprašanjem, se bosta morala pogodbenici pri ugotavljanju, ali sta potencialna konkurenta, opreti na vsa razpoložljiva dejstva v danem trenutku, med drugim tudi na možnost, da se kršijo pravice intelektualne lastnine, in ali je v posameznem primeru dejansko mogoče zaobiti obstoječe pravice intelektualne lastnine.
Entry is more likely if the licensee possesses assets that can easily be used to enter the market without incurring significant sunk costs or if it has already developed plans, or started to invest otherwise, to enter the market.
Že opravljene znatne naložbe ali izdelani načrti za vstop na posamezni trg lahko potrdijo stališče, da sta pogodbenici vsaj potencialna konkurenta, četudi ni mogoče izločiti možnosti blokiranja.
There have to be real concrete possibilities for the licensee to enter the relevant market and compete with established undertakings [32].
Še posebej prepričljiv dokaz o obstoju možnosti blokiranja se lahko zahteva v primeru, ko imata pogodbenici skupni interes pri zatrjevanju obstoja možnosti blokiranja, da bi se šteli za nekonkurenta, na primer, če domnevna možnost blokiranja zadeva tehnologiji, ki sta med seboj nadomestni (glej točko 22) ali če dajalec licence ponuja precejšnjo finančno spodbudo pridobitelju licence.
Accordingly, the licensee cannot be described as a potential competitor if its entry into a market is not an economically viable strategy [33].
Da bi vstop na trg pomenil realen konkurenčni pritisk, mora biti verjetno, da se bo zgodil v kratkem času [34].
In the specific context of intellectual property rights, an additional factor for assessing whether the parties are potential competitors on a particular market is the possibility that their intellectual property rights are in a blocking position, that is to say that the licensee cannot enter the respective market without infringing the intellectual property rights of the other party.
Navadno je to obdobje enega do dveh let.
In the absence of certainty in the form of a final court decision that a blocking position exists and therefore of certainty on this point, the parties, when addressing the question whether they are potential competitors, will have to base themselves on all the available evidence at the time, including the possibility that intellectual property rights are infringed and whether there are, in a specific case, effective possibilities to work around existing intellectual property rights.
Vendar se lahko v posameznih primerih upoštevajo tudi daljša obdobja.
Substantial investments already made or advanced plans to enter a particular market, can support the view that the parties are at least potential competitors, even if a blocking position cannot be excluded.
Kot merilo za določanje tega obdobja se lahko uporabi čas, ki je potreben, da na trgu že dejavna podjetja prilagodijo svoje zmogljivosti.
Particularly convincing evidence of the existence of a blocking position may be required where the parties have a common interest in claiming the existence of a blocking position in order to be qualified as non-competitors, for instance where the alleged blocking position concerns technologies that are technological substitutes (see point (22) above) or if there is a significant financial inducement from the licensor to the licensee.
Pogodbenici bosta na primer verjetno veljali za potencialna konkurenta na proizvodnem trgu, kadar pridobitelj licence proizvaja na podlagi lastne tehnologije na enem geografskem trgu in začne proizvajati na drugem geografskem trgu na podlagi licenčne konkurenčne tehnologije.
In order to constitute a realistic competitive constraint entry has to be likely to occur within a short period [34].
V takih okoliščinah je verjetno, da bi imel pridobitelj licence možnost vstopiti na drugi geografski trg na podlagi lastne tehnologije, razen v primeru, da tak vstop onemogočajo objektivni dejavniki, med drugim obstoj možnosti blokiranja pravic intelektualne lastnine.
Normally a period of one to two years is appropriate.
Pogodbenici sta dejanska konkurenta na tehnološkem trgu, če obe že podeljujeta licenco za nadomestne tehnologije ali če pridobitelj licence že podeljuje licenco za lastno tehnologijo in dajalec licence vstopi na tehnološki trg s podelitvijo licence pridobitelju licence za konkurenčno tehnologijo.
However, in individual cases longer periods can be taken into account.
Pogodbenici se štejeta za potencialna konkurenta na tehnološkem trgu, če imata v lasti med seboj nadomestne tehnologije in pridobitelj licence ne podeljuje licence lastne tehnologije, če pa bi to verjetno počel v primeru majhnega, a trajnega povišanja cen tehnologije.
The period of time needed for undertakings already on the market to adjust their capacities can be used as a yardstick to determine this period.
Na splošno je v primeru tehnoloških trgov težje presoditi, ali sta pogodbenici potencialna konkurenta.
For instance, the parties are likely to be considered potential competitors on the product market where the licensee produces on the basis of its own technology in one geographic market and starts producing in another geographic market on the basis of a licensed competing technology.
Zato se pri uporabi TTBER ne upošteva potencialna konkurenca na tehnološkem trgu (glej točko 83) in se pogodbenici za namene uporabe štejeta za nekonkurenta.
In such circumstances, it is likely that the licensee would have been able to enter the second geographic market on the basis of its own technology, unless such entry is precluded by objective factors, including the existence of blocking intellectual property rights.
V nekaterih primerih je možno tudi ugotoviti, da čeprav dajalec in pridobitelj licence proizvajata konkurenčne izdelke, si nista konkurenta na upoštevnem proizvodnem trgu in upoštevnem tehnološkem trgu, saj licenčna tehnologija pomeni tako izrazito inovacijo, da je tehnologija pridobitelja licence zaradi tega postala zastarela ali ni več konkurenčna.
The parties are actual competitors on the technology market if they are either already both licensing out substitutable technology, or the licensee is already licensing out its technology and the licensor enters the technology market by granting a licence for a competing technology to the licensee.
V takih primerih tehnologija dajalca licence bodisi ustvari nov trg bodisi izključi tehnologijo pridobitelja licence s trga.
The parties are considered to be potential competitors on the technology market if they own substitutable technologies and the licensee is not licensing-out its own technology, provided that it would be likely to do so in the event of a small but permanent increase in technology prices.
Vendar pogosto ni mogoče priti do take ugotovitve v času sklenitve sporazuma.
In the case of technology markets, it is generally more difficult to assess whether the parties are potential competitors.
Ponavadi postane očitno, da je starejša tehnologija zastarela ali nekonkurenčna, šele takrat, ko so tehnologija ali izdelki, ki jo vključujejo, že nekaj časa na voljo potrošnikom.
This is why, for the application of the TTBER, potential competition on the technology market is not taken into account (see point (83) below) and the parties are treated as non-competitors.
Ko je bila na primer razvita CD tehnologija in so bili na trg dani predvajalniki in zgoščenke, še ni bilo jasno, da bo ta nova tehnologija nadomestila LP tehnologijo.
In some cases it may also be possible to conclude that while the licensor and the licensee produce competing products, they are non-competitors on the relevant product market and the relevant technology market because the licensed technology represents such a drastic innovation that the technology of the licensee has become obsolete or uncompetitive.
To se je izkazalo šele nekaj let pozneje.
In such cases the licensor's technology either creates a new market or excludes the licensee's technology from the existing market.
Zato bo veljalo, da sta si pogodbenici konkurenta, če v času sklenitve sporazuma ni jasno, da je tehnologija pridobitelja licence zastarela ali nekonkurenčna.
It is, however, often not possible to come to this conclusion at the time the agreement is concluded.
Ker pa se morata člen 53(1) in člen 53(3) uporabljati glede na dejanske okoliščine, v katerih deluje sporazum, je treba pri presoji upoštevati bistvene spremembe dejstev.
It is usually only when the technology or the products incorporating it have been available to consumers for some time that it becomes apparent that the older technology has become obsolete or uncompetitive.
Razmerje med pogodbenicama se zato spremeni v razmerje nekonkurentov, če tehnologija pridobitelja licence pozneje postane zastarela ali nekonkurenčna na trgu.
For instance, when CD technology was developed and players and discs were put on the market, it was not obvious that this new technology would replace LP technology.
V nekaterih primerih lahko pogodbenici postaneta konkurenta po sklenitvi sporazuma, ker pridobitelj licence razvije ali pridobi in začne izkoriščati konkurenčno tehnologijo.
This only became apparent some years later.
V takih primerih je treba upoštevati dejstvo, da pogodbenici nista bili konkurenta v času sklenitve sporazuma in da je bil sporazum sklenjen v navedenih pogojih.
The parties will therefore be considered to be competitors if at the time of the conclusion of the agreement it is not obvious that the licensee's technology is obsolete or uncompetitive.
Nadzorni organ se bo zato osredotočal predvsem na učinek, ki ga ima sporazum na sposobnost pridobitelja licence, da izkorišča lastno (konkurenčno) tehnologijo.
However, given that both Articles 53(1) and Article 53(3) must be applied in the light of the actual context in which the agreement occurs, the assessment is sensitive to material changes in the facts.
Zlasti se seznam nedopustnih omejitev, ki se uporablja za sporazume med konkurenti, ne bo uporabljal za take sporazume, razen v primeru, da se sporazum pozneje, ko pogodbenici postaneta konkurenta, spremeni v bistvenih točkah (glej člen 4(3) TTBER).
The classification of the relationship between the parties will therefore change into a relationship of non-competitors, if at a later point in time the licensee's technology becomes obsolete or uncompetitive on the market.
Prav tako lahko podjetja, ki so pogodbenice sporazuma, postanejo konkurenti po sklenitvi sporazuma, če je bil pridobitelj licence na upoštevnem proizvodnem trgu, na katerem se prodaja pogodbeni izdelek, dejaven že pred pridobitvijo licence in če dajalec licence pozneje vstopi na upoštevni proizvodni trg bodisi na podlagi licenčne tehnološke pravice bodisi nove tehnologije.
In some cases the parties may become competitors subsequent to the conclusion of the agreement because the licensee develops or acquires and starts exploiting a competing technology.
Tudi v tem primeru se seznam nedopustnih omejitev, ki se uporablja za sporazume med nekonkurenti, še naprej uporablja za sporazum, razen v primeru, da se sporazum pozneje spremeni v bistvenih točkah (glej člen 4(3) TTBER).
In such cases the fact that the parties were non-competitors at the time of conclusion of the agreement and that the agreement was concluded in that context must be taken into account.
Bistvene spremembe vključujejo sklenitev novega sporazuma o prenosu tehnologije med pogodbenicama, ki zadeva konkurenčnotehnološke pravice, ki se lahko uporabljajo za proizvodnjo izdelkov, konkurenčnih pogodbenim izdelkom.
The Authority will therefore mainly focus on the impact of the agreement on the licensee's ability to exploit its own (competing) technology.
Skupine sporazumov o prenosu tehnologije, ki izpolnjujejo pogoje, določene v TTBER, so izvzete iz uporabe prepovedi iz člena 53(1).
In particular, the list of hardcore restrictions applying to agreements between competitors will not be applied to such agreements unless the agreement is subsequently amended in any material respect after the parties have become competitors (see Article 4(3) of the TTBER).
Sporazumi, za katere velja skupinska izjema, so pravno veljavni in izvršljivi.
The undertakings party to an agreement may also become competitors subsequent to the conclusion of the agreement where the licensee was already active on the relevant market where the contract product is sold prior to the licence and where the licensor subsequently enters the relevant market either on the basis of the licensed technology rights or a new technology.
Taki sporazumi se lahko prepovejo le v prihodnje in zgolj na podlagi odprave skupinske izjeme s strani Nadzornega organa in organov, pristojnih za konkurenco v državah Efte.
In this case also the hardcore list relevant for agreements between non-competitors will continue to apply to the agreement unless the agreement is subsequently amended in any material respect (see Article 4(3) of the TTBER).
Po členu 53 nacionalna sodišča v zasebnih sporih ne morejo prepovedati sporazumov, za katere velja skupinska izjema.
A material amendment includes the conclusion of a new technology transfer agreement between the parties concerning competing technology rights which can be used for the production of products competing with the contract products.
Skupinska izjema posameznih vrst sporazumov o prenosu tehnologije temelji na predpostavki, da ti sporazumi – kolikor so zajeti v členu 53(1) – izpolnjujejo štiri pogoje iz člena 53(3).
Categories of technology transfer agreements that fulfil the conditions set out in the TTBER are exempted from the prohibition rule contained in Article 53(1).
Predpostavlja se torej, da sporazumi ustvarjajo gospodarske učinkovitosti, da so omejitve iz sporazumov nepogrešljive za uresničitev teh učinkovitosti, da je potrošnikom na prizadetih trgih zagotovljen pravičen delež povečanih učinkovitosti in da sporazumi zadevnim podjetjem ne dajejo možnosti za izključitev konkurence glede znatnega dela zadevnih izdelkov.
Block-exempted agreements are legally valid and enforceable.
Kot je navedeno v poglavju 4 teh smernic, številni licenčni sporazumi ne spadajo na področje uporabe člena 53(1), bodisi ker sploh ne omejujejo konkurence bodisi ker omejevanje konkurence ni znatno [35].
Such agreements can only be prohibited for the future and only upon withdrawal of the block exemption by the Authority and the competition authorities of the EFTA states.
Kolikor bi taki sporazumi kljub temu spadali na področje uporabe TTBER, ni treba ugotoviti, ali so zajeti v prepoved iz člena 53(1) [36].
Block-exempted agreements cannot be prohibited under Article 53 by national courts in the context of private litigation.
Pri sporazumih, ki ne spadajo v področje uporabe skupinske izjeme, je pomembno proučiti, ali je sporazum v posameznem primeru zajet v prepoved iz člena 53(1) in, če je tako, ali so pogoji iz člena 53(3) izpolnjeni.
The market share thresholds (Article 3), the hardcore list (Article 4) and the excluded restrictions (Article 5) set out in the TTBER aim at ensuring that only restrictive agreements that can reasonably be presumed to fulfil the four conditions of Article 53(3) are block-exempted.
Potrebna je posamična presoja verjetnih učinkov sporazuma.
As set out in Section 4 of these guidelines, many licence agreements fall outside Article 53(1), either because they do not restrict competition at all or because the restriction of competition is not appreciable [35].
TTBER in te smernice se nanašajo na sporazume o prenosu tehnologije.
To the extent that such agreements would anyhow fall within the scope of the TTBER, there is no need to determine whether they are caught by Article 53(1) [36].
V skladu s členom 1(1)(b) TTBER koncept „tehnološke pravice“ zajema strokovno znanje in izkušnje ter patente, uporabne modele, pravice iz modela, topografije polprevodniških vezij, dodatne varstvene certifikate za medicinske proizvode ali druge izdelke, za katere je mogoče pridobiti take dodatne varstvene certifikate, potrdila gojiteljev rastlin, avtorske pravice na programski opremi ali kombinacijo naštetega ter vloge za te pravice in za njihovo registracijo.
Outside the scope of the block exemption it is relevant to examine whether in the individual case the agreement is caught by Article 53(1) and if so, whether the conditions of Article 53(3) are satisfied.
Licenčne tehnološke pravice morajo pridobitelju licence omogočiti, da s pomočjo dodatnih proizvodnih dejavnikov ali brez njih proizvaja pogodbene izdelke.
There is no presumption that technology transfer agreements falling outside the block exemption are caught by Article 53(1) or fail to satisfy the conditions of Article 53(3).
TTBER se uporablja le v državah EGP, v katerih ima dajalec licence zadevne tehnološke pravice;
The TTBER and these guidelines cover agreements for the transfer of technology.
„Bistveno“ pomeni, da strokovno znanje in izkušnje vključujejo informacije, ki so pomembne in uporabne za proizvodnjo izdelkov, zajetih z licenčnim sporazumom, ali uporabo procesov, ki jih zajema licenčni sporazum.
According to Article 1(1)(b) of the TTBER the concept of ‘technology rights’ covers know-how as well as patents, utility models, design rights, topographies of semiconductor products, supplementary protection certificates for medicinal products or other products for which such supplementary protection certificates may be obtained, plant breeder's certificates and software copyrights or a combination thereof as well as applications for these rights and for registration of these rights.
Z drugimi besedami, informacije morajo bistveno prispevati k proizvodnji pogodbenih izdelkov oziroma jo bistveno olajšati.
The licensed technology rights should allow the licensee, with or without other input, to produce the contract products.
V primerih, ko se licenčno znanje in izkušnje navezujejo na izdelek in ne na proces, ta pogoj pomeni, da so znanje in izkušnje uporabni za proizvodnjo pogodbenega izdelka.
The TTBER only applies in EEA States where the licensor holds relevant technology rights.
Ta pogoj ni izpolnjen, če je mogoče pogodbeni izdelek proizvajati na podlagi prosto dostopne tehnologije.
Otherwise, there are no technology rights to be transferred within the meaning of the TTBER.
Vendar pa navedeni pogoj ne pomeni, da mora imeti pogodbeni izdelek večjo vrednost od izdelkov, ki se proizvedejo s prosto dostopno tehnologijo.
Know-how is defined in Article 1(1)(i) of the TTBER as a package of practical information, resulting from experience and testing, which is secret, substantial and identified:
Pri tehnoloških procesih ta pogoj pomeni, da so strokovno znanje in izkušnje uporabni v smislu, da je v času sklenitve sporazuma mogoče upravičeno pričakovati, da bodo pomembno izboljšali konkurenčni položaj pridobitelja licence, na primer z zmanjšanjem njegovih proizvodnih stroškov.
‘Secret’ means that the know-how is not generally known or easily accessible.
„Opredeljeno“ pomeni, da je mogoče preveriti, ali licenčno strokovno znanje in izkušnje izpolnjujejo merili tajnosti in bistvenosti.
‘Substantial’ means that the know-how includes information which is significant and useful for the production of the products covered by the licence agreement or the application of the process covered by the licence agreement.
Ta pogoj je izpolnjen, če so licenčno strokovno znanje in izkušnje opisani v priročnikih ali drugi pisni obliki.
In other words, the information must significantly contribute to or facilitate the production of the contract products.
Vendar pa to v nekaterih primerih iz objektivnih razlogov morda ni mogoče.
In cases where the licensed know-how relates to a product as opposed to a process, this condition implies that the know-how is useful for the production of the contract product.
Licenčno strokovno znanje in izkušnje lahko obsegajo praktično znanje, ki ga imajo zaposleni pri dajalcu licence.
This condition is not satisfied where the contract product can be produced on the basis of freely available technology.
Ti zaposleni imajo na primer lahko tajno in bistveno znanje o določenem proizvodnem procesu, ki se na pridobitelja licence prenese v obliki usposabljanja zaposlenih pri pridobitelju licence.
However, the condition does not require that the contract product is of higher value than products produced with freely available technology.
V takih primerih zadostuje, da je v sporazumu opisana splošna narava strokovnega znanja in izkušenj ter da so navedeni zaposleni, ki so bili udeleženi pri prenosu tega strokovnega znanja in izkušenj na pridobitelja licence ali bodo pri tem udeleženi.
In the case of process technologies, this condition implies that the know-how is useful in the sense that it can reasonably be expected at the date of conclusion of the agreement to be capable of significantly improving the competitive position of the licensee, for instance by reducing its production costs.
Določbe v sporazumih o prenosu tehnologije v zvezi z nakupom izdelkov s strani pridobitelja licence so zajete s TTBER le, če in kolikor so navedene določbe neposredno povezane s proizvodnjo ali prodajo pogodbenih izdelkov.
‘Identified’ means that it is possible to verify that the licensed know-how fulfils the criteria of secrecy and substantiality.
Zato se TTBER ne uporablja za tiste dele sporazumov o prenosu tehnologije, ki zadevajo proizvodne dejavnike in/ali opremo, ki se uporabljajo za druge namene kot za proizvodnjo pogodbenih izdelkov.
This condition is satisfied where the licensed know-how is described in manuals or other written form.
Če se na primer mleko prodaja skupaj s podeljevanjem licence za tehnologijo za proizvodnjo sira, TTBER zajema samo mleko, ki se uporablja za proizvodnjo sira z licenčno tehnologijo.
However, in some cases this may not be reasonably possible.
Določbe sporazumov o prenosu tehnologije v zvezi s podeljevanjem licenc za druge vrste intelektualne lastnine, kot so znamke in avtorske pravice, razen avtorskih pravic na programski opremi (glede avtorskih pravic na programski opremi glej točki 44 in 62), so zajete s TTBER le, če in kolikor so neposredno povezane s proizvodnjo ali prodajo pogodbenih izdelkov.
The licensed know-how may consist of practical knowledge possessed by the licensor's employees.
Ta pogoj zagotavlja, da so določbe, ki zajemajo druge vrste pravic intelektualne lastnine, skupinsko izvzete le, kolikor te druge pravice intelektualne lastnine pridobitelju licence omogočajo boljše izkoriščanje licenčne tehnološke pravice.
For instance, the licensor's employees may possess secret and substantial knowledge about a certain production process which is passed on to the licensee in the form of training of the licensee's employees.
Na primer, če dajalec licence pooblasti pridobitelja licence za uporabo njegove znamke za izdelke, ki vključujejo licenčno tehnologijo, lahko ta licenca za znamko pridobitelju licence omogoči boljše izkoriščanje licenčne tehnologije, saj bodo tako potrošniki izdelek neposredno povezali z značilnostmi, ki mu jih pripisujejo licenčne tehnološke pravice.