natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
the net increase of R&D&I conducted by the undertaking,
neto povečanje R&R&I, ki jih izvaja podjetje,
the contribution of the measure to the global improvement of the sector concerned as regards the level of R&D&I,
prispevek ukrepa h globalnemu izboljšanju zadevnega sektorja, kar zadeva raven R&R&I,
the contribution of the measure to the improvement of the situation in the territory covered by the EEA Agreement regarding R&D&I in the international context.
prispevek ukrepa k izboljšanju razmer na ozemlju, ki ga pokriva Sporazum EGP, kar zadeva R&R&I v mednarodnem okviru.
As indicated in Section 1, State aid may be necessary to increase R&D&I in the economy only to the extent that the market, on its own, fails to deliver an optimal outcome.
Kot je navedeno v oddelku 1, je državna pomoč lahko nujna za povečanje R&R&I v gospodarstvu samo v obsegu, v katerem trg sam ne more zagotoviti optimalnega rezultata.
It is established that certain market failures hamper the overall level of R&D&I in the territory covered by the EEA Agreement.
Ugotavlja se, da nekatere tržne nepopolnosti ovirajo skupno raven R&R&I na ozemlju, ki ga pokriva Sporazum EGP.
However, not all undertakings and sectors in the economy are confronted to these market failures to the same extent.
Vendar se s temi tržnimi nepopolnostmi ne srečujejo vsa podjetja in sektorji v gospodarstvu enako.
Consequently, as regards measures subject to a detailed assessment, the EFTA State should provide adequate information whether the aid refers to a general market failure regarding R&D&I in the territory covered by the EEA Agreement, or to a specific market failure.
Posledično morajo države Efte v zvezi z ukrepi, ki so predmet podrobne ocene, posredovati ustrezne informacije o tem, ali se pomoč nanaša na splošno tržno nepopolnost, povezano z R&R&I, na ozemlju, ki ga pokriva Sporazum EGP, ali na točno določeno tržno nepopolnost.
Depending on the specific market failure addressed, the Authority will take into consideration the following elements:
Odvisno od točno določenih tržnih nepopolnosti bo Nadzorni organ upošteval naslednje elemente:
Knowledge spill-overs: the level of information dissemination foreseen; the specificity of the knowledge created; the availability of IPR protection,
učinke prelivanja znanja: predvidena raven razširjanja informacij; posebnost ustvarjenega znanja; dostopnost zaščite pravic intelektualne lastnine,
Imperfect and asymmetric information: level of risk and complexity of research; need for external finance; characteristics of the aid beneficiary to receive external finance,
nepopolne in nesimetrične informacije: raven tveganja in zapletenosti raziskav; potreba po zunanjem financiranju; značilnosti upravičenca do pomoči za prejem zunanjega financiranja,
Coordination failures: number of collaborating undertakings; intensity of collaboration; diverging interest between collaborating partners; problems in designing contracts; problems of third parties to coordinate collaboration.
nepopolnosti pri usklajevanju: število sodelujočih podjetij; intenzivnost sodelovanja; različnost interesov med sodelujočimi partnerji; težave pri oblikovanju pogodb; težave tretjih strank pri usklajevanju sodelovanja.
For State aid targeting R&D&I projects or activities located in assisted areas, the Authority will take into account: (i) disadvantages caused by the peripherality and other regional specificities, (ii) specific local economic data, social and/or historic reasons for a low level of R&D&I activity in comparison with the relevant average data and/or situation at national and/or EEA level as appropriate; and (iii) any other relevant indicator showing an increased degree of market failure.
Pri državni pomoči, usmerjeni v projekte ali dejavnosti R&R&I, ki se izvajajo na območjih, ki prejemajo pomoč, bo Nadzorni organ upošteval: (i) slabosti, ki so posledica obrobnosti in drugih regionalnih posebnosti, (ii) posebne lokalne gospodarske podatke, socialne in/ali zgodovinske razloge za nizko raven dejavnosti R&R&I v primerjavi z ustreznimi povprečnimi podatki in/ali po potrebi z razmerami na nacionalni ravni/ravni EGP in (iii) kateri koli drug ustrezni kazalnik, ki kaže povečano stopnjo tržne nepopolnosti.
Appropriate Instrument
Ustrezni instrument
State aid for R&D&I can be authorised under Article 61(3)(c) of the EEA Agreement when it is necessary to achieve an objective of common interest, as an exception to the general prohibition of State aid.
Državno pomoč za R&R&I je mogoče odobriti na podlagi člena 61(3)(c) Sporazuma EGP, če je nujno potrebna za dosego cilja skupnega interesa, in sicer kot izjemo splošne prepovedi državne pomoči.
An important element in the balancing test is whether and to what extent State aid for R&D&I can be considered an appropriate instrument to increase R&D&I activities, given that other less distortive instruments may achieve the same results.
Pomemben element testa tehtanja je, ali in v kakšnem obsegu se lahko državna pomoč za R&R&I šteje za ustrezen instrument za povečanje dejavnosti R&R&I, če se lahko z drugimi, manj izkrivljajočimi instrumenti dosežejo enaki rezultati.
In its compatibility analysis, the Authority will take particular account of any impact assessment of the proposed measure which the EFTA State has made.
Nadzorni organ bo pri ugotavljanju združljivosti posebej upošteval vsako morebitno oceno učinka predlaganega ukrepa, ki jo je izvedla država Efte.
Measures for which the EFTA State has considered other policy options and for which the advantages of using a selective instrument such as State aid are established and submitted to the Authority, are considered to constitute an appropriate instrument.
Za ustrezni instrument se štejejo ukrepi, pri katerih je država Efte obravnavala druge možne politike in za katere so ugotovljene in Nadzornemu organu predložene prednosti uporabe selektivnega instrumenta, kot je državna pomoč.
Analysing the incentive effect of the aid measure is the most important condition in analysing State aid for R&D&I.
Analiza spodbujevalnega učinka ukrepa pomoči je najpomembnejši pogoj pri analizi državne pomoči za R&R&I.
Identifying the incentive effect translates into assessing whether the planned aid will induce undertakings to pursue R&D&I which they would not otherwise have pursued.
Opredelitev spodbujevalnega učinka pomeni ocenitev, ali bo načrtovana pomoč spodbudila podjetja k izvajanju R&R&I, ki jih sicer ne bi izvajala.
Section 6 provides a series of indicators that can be used by EFTA States to demonstrate an incentive effect.
V oddelku 6 je določena vrsta kazalnikov, ki jih lahko države Efte uporabijo pri dokazovanju spodbujevalnega učinka.
However, when a measure undergoes a detailed assessment, the Authority will require that the incentive effect of the aid is substantiated more precisely, to avoid undue distortions of competition.
Vendar pa bo Nadzorni organ v primeru podrobne ocene ukrepa zahteval, da se spodbujevalni učinek utemelji natančneje, da bi se izognili neupravičenemu izkrivljanju konkurence.
In its analysis, the Authority will, in addition to the indicators mentioned in Section 6, take into consideration the following elements:
Nadzorni organ bo v svoji analizi poleg kazalnikov, navedenih v oddelku 6, upošteval naslednje elemente:
Specification of intended change: the intended change in behaviour State aid aims at in the notified case has to be well specified (new project triggered, size, scope or speed of a project enhanced),
opredelitev načrtovane spremembe: Načrtovana sprememba ravnanja, ki je cilj državne pomoči v priglašenem primeru, mora biti dobro opredeljena (nov projekt, ki ga je sprožila, povečana velikost, obseg ali hitrost projekta),
Counterfactual analysis: the change of behaviour has to be identified by counterfactual analysis: what would be the level of intended activity with and without aid?
analizo nasprotnih dejstev: Sprememba ravnanja mora biti opredeljena z analizo nasprotnih dejstev: kakšna bi bila raven načrtovane dejavnosti s pomočjo in brez nje?
The difference of the two scenarios is considered to be the impact of the aid measure and describes the incentive effect,
Razlika med obema primeroma se obravnava kot učinek ukrepa pomoči in opisuje spodbujevalni učinek,
Level of profitability: if a project would not, in itself, be profitable to undertake for a private undertaking, but would generate important benefits for society, it is more likely that the aid has an incentive effect.
raven donosnosti: Če projekt sam po sebi ne bi bil tako donosen, da bi ga zasebno podjetje izvedlo, vendar bi prinesel pomembne koristi za družbo, je bolj verjetno, da ima pomoč spodbujevalni učinek.
To evaluate the overall profitability (or lack thereof) of the project, evaluation methodologies can be used which are standard practice in the particular industry concerned [44],
Za oceno splošne donosnosti (ali njenega pomanjkanja) projekta se lahko uporabijo metodologije ocenjevanja, ki so običajna praksa v določeni zadevni industriji [44],
Amount of investment and time path of cash flows: high start-up investment, low level of appropriable cash flows and a significant fraction of cash flows arising in the very far future will be considered positive elements in assessing the incentive effect,
znesek naložbe in časovni potek denarnih tokov: Visoka zagonska naložba, nizka stopnja denarnih tokov, ki jih je mogoče pridobiti, in znaten del denarnih tokov, ki bodo na voljo v zelo daljni prihodnosti, se bodo šteli za pozitivne elemente pri oceni spodbujevalnega učinka,
Level of risk involved in the research project: on the basis of e.g. feasibility studies, risk assessments and expert opinions, the assessment of risk will in particular take into account the irreversibility of the investment, the probability of commercial failure, the risk that the project will be less productive than expected, the risk that conducting the project would undermine other activities and the risk that the project costs undermine the undertaking’s financial viability.
raven tveganja, prisotnega v raziskovalnem projektu: Na podlagi npr. študij izvedljivosti, ocen tveganja in izvedenskih mnenj se bodo pri oceni tveganja zlasti upoštevali nepovrnljivost naložbe, verjetnost poslovnega neuspeha, tveganje, da bo projekt manj produktiven, kot se pričakuje, tveganje, da bo izvajanje projekta ogrozilo druge dejavnosti, in tveganje, da bodo stroški projekta ogrozili finančno sposobnost preživetja podjetja.
For State aid targeting R&D&I projects or activities located in assisted areas, the Authority will take into account disadvantages caused by the peripherality and other regional specificities, which negatively impact on the level of risk in the research project,
Za državno pomoč, usmerjeno v projekte ali dejavnosti R&R&I, ki se izvajajo na območjih, ki prejemajo pomoč, bo Nadzorni organ upošteval slabosti, ki so posledica obrobnosti in drugih regionalnih posebnosti in negativno vplivajo na raven tveganja v raziskovalnem projektu,
Continuous evaluation: measures for which (low scale) pilot projects are foreseen, or which define well specified milestones resulting in termination of the project in case of failure and where a publicly available ex post monitoring is foreseen will be considered more positively as regards the assessment of the incentive effect.
stalno ocenjevanje: Ukrepi, za katere so predvideni pilotni projekti (v majhnem obsegu) ali ki določajo dobro opredeljene mejnike, katerih posledica je prekinitev projekta v primeru neuspeha, in za katere je predvideno javno dostopno naknadno spremljanje, se bodo obravnavali ugodneje, kar zadeva oceno spodbujevalnega učinka.
Independently of the criteria mentioned in Section 5, the EFTA State concerned should provide the additional following information:
Ne glede na merila, navedena v oddelku 5, mora zadevna država Efte posredovati tudi naslednje informacije:
Open selection process: where there are multiple (potential) candidates for undertaking the R&D&I project in an EFTA State, the proportionality requirement is more likely to be met if the project has been allocated on the basis of transparent, objective and non-discriminatory criteria,
odprt izbirni postopek: Kadar je v državi Efte več (morebitnih) kandidatov za izvajanje projekta R&R&I, je bolj verjetno, da bo izpolnjena zahteva po sorazmernosti, če je bil projekt dodeljen na podlagi preglednih, objektivnih in nediskriminacijskih meril,
Aid to the minimum: EFTA States have to explain how the amount given has been calculated to ensure that it is limited to the minimum necessary.
najnižjo potrebno pomoč: Države Efte morajo pojasniti, kako je bil dodeljeni znesek izračunan, s čimer se zagotovi, da je omejen na najnižji potrebni znesek.
State aid for R&D&I may impact on competition at two levels: (i) competition in the innovation process, i.e. competition in terms of R&D&I which takes place upstream of product markets and (ii) competition in the product markets where the results of the R&D&I activities are exploited.
Državna pomoč za R&R&I lahko vpliva na konkurenco na dveh ravneh: (i) konkurenca v inovacijskem procesu, tj. konkurenca v smislu R&R&I, ki se izvaja na stopnjah, predhodnih proizvodnim trgom, in (ii) konkurenca na proizvodnih trgih, na katerih se izkoriščajo rezultati dejavnosti R&R&I.
In assessing the negative effects of the aid measure, the Authority will focus its analysis of the distortions of competition on the foreseeable impact the R&D&I aid has on competition between undertakings in the product markets concerned.
Nadzorni organ bo pri ocenjevanju negativnih učinkov ukrepov pomoči svojo analizo izkrivljanja konkurence osredotočil na predvidljiv učinek pomoči R&R&I na konkurenco med podjetji na zadevnih proizvodnih trgih.
The Authority will give more weight to risks for competition and trade that arise in a predictable future and with particular likelihood.
Nadzorni organ bo dal večjo težo tveganjem za konkurenco in trgovino, ki bodo nastala v predvidljivi prihodnosti in so še posebej verjetna.
The impact on competition in the innovation process will be relevant insofar as it has a foreseeable impact on the outcome of future product market competition.
Učinek na konkurenco v inovacijskem procesu bo pomemben, če ima predvidljiv učinek na izid prihodnje konkurence na proizvodnem trgu.
In certain cases the results of R&D&I, for example, in the form of intellectual property rights, are themselves traded in so-called technology markets, for instance through patent licensing.
V nekaterih primerih se s samimi rezultati R&R&I, na primer v obliki pravic intelektualne lastnine, trguje na tako imenovanih tehnoloških trgih, npr. z izdajanjem licenc za patente.
In these cases, the Authority may also consider the effect of the aid on competition in the technology markets.
V teh primerih lahko Nadzorni organ upošteva tudi učinek pomoči na konkurenco na tehnoloških trgih.
The impact of R&D&I on product markets is largely dynamic and the analysis will therefore be of a forward-looking nature.
Učinek R&R&I na proizvodne trge je večinoma dinamičen in zato bo analiza usmerjena v prihodnost.
Frequently, the same innovative activity will be associated with multiple future product markets.
Pogosto bo ista inovativna dejavnost povezana z več prihodnjimi proizvodnimi trgi.
If so, the impact of State aid will be looked upon on the set of markets concerned.
V tem primeru se bo upošteval učinek državne pomoči na vse zadevne trge.
There are three distinct ways in which R&D&I aid can distort competition in product markets:
Obstajajo trije različni načini, na katere lahko pomoč R&R&I izkrivlja konkurenco na proizvodnih trgih:
R&D&I aid can distort the dynamic incentives of market players to invest (crowding out effect);
pomoč R&R&I lahko izkrivlja dinamične spodbude akterjev na trgu za naložbe (učinek izrinjanja);
R&D&I aid can create or maintain positions of market power;
pomoč R&R&I lahko ustvari ali ohrani položaj tržne moči;
R&D&I aid can maintain an inefficient market structure.
pomoč R&R&I lahko ohrani neučinkovito strukturo trga.
State aid may also have a negative effect on trade in the market covered by the EEA Agreement.
Državna pomoč ima lahko tudi negativen učinek na trgovino na trgu, ki ga pokriva Sporazum EGP.
In particular where R&D&I aid leads to the crowding out of competitors, the aid measures may essentially result in a shift of trade flows and location of economic activity.
Zlasti kadar pomoč R&R&I pripelje do izrinjanja konkurentov, lahko ukrepi pomoči sčasoma povzročijo premik trgovinskih tokov in lokacije gospodarske dejavnosti.
Distorting dynamic incentives
Izkrivljanje dinamičnih spodbud
The main concern related to R&D&I aid to undertakings is that competitors’ dynamic incentives to invest are distorted.
Glavni pomislek pri pomoči R&R&I za podjetja je, da se izkrivljajo dinamične spodbude konkurentov za naložbe.
When an undertaking receives aid, this generally increases the likelihood of successful R&D&I on the part of this undertaking leading to an increased presence on the product market(s) in the future.
Ko podjetje prejme pomoč, to na splošno poveča verjetnost uspešnih R&R&I tega podjetja, kar pripelje do povečane prisotnosti na proizvodnem(-ih) trgu(-ih) v prihodnosti.
This increased presence may lead competitors to reduce the scope of their original investment plans (crowding out effect).
Ta povečana prisotnost lahko konkurente spodbudi k zmanjšanju obsega njihovih prvotnih naložbenih načrtov (učinek izrinjanja).
In its analysis, the Authority will consider the following elements:
Nadzorni organ bo v svoji analizi upošteval naslednje elemente:
Aid amount: aid measures which involve significant amounts of aid are more likely to lead to significant crowding out effects.
znesek pomoči: Ukrepi pomoči, ki vključujejo visoke zneske pomoči, bolj verjetno povzročijo znatne učinke izrinjanja.
The significance of the aid amount will be measured with reference to total private R&D expenditure in the sector, and the amount spent by the main players,
Pomen zneska pomoči se bo meril glede na skupne zasebne izdatke za raziskave in razvoj v sektorju in znesek, ki so ga porabili glavni akterji,
Closeness to the market/category of the aid: the more the aid measure is aimed at R&D&I activity close to the market, the more it is liable to develop significant crowding out effects,
bližino trga/kategorijo pomoči: Bolj ko je ukrep pomoči usmerjen v dejavnost R&R&I, ki je blizu trgu, bolj je verjetno, da bo povzročil znatne učinke izrinjanja,
Open selection process: where the grant is given on the basis of objective and non-discriminatory criteria, the Authority will take a more positive stance,
odprt izbirni postopek: Kadar bo pomoč dodeljena na podlagi objektivnih in nediskriminacijskih meril, bo Nadzorni organ bolj pozitivno naravnan,
Exit barriers: competitors are more likely to maintain (or even to increase) their investment plans when exit barriers to the innovation process are high.
izstopne ovire: Konkurenti bolj verjetno ohranijo (ali celo povečajo) svoje naložbene načrte, če so izstopne ovire za inovacijski proces visoke.
This may be the case when many of the competitors’ past investments are locked into a particular R&D&I trajectory,
To se lahko zgodi, če je veliko preteklih naložb konkurentov vezanih na določen potek R&R&I,
Incentives to compete for a future market: R&D&I aid may lead to a situation where competitors to the aid beneficiary renounce competing for a future market, because the advantage provided by the aid (in terms of the degree of technological advance or in terms of timing) reduces the possibility for them to profitably enter this future market,
spodbude za konkuriranje za prihodnji trg: Pomoč R&R&I lahko pripelje do položaja, ko konkurenti upravičencu pomoči naznanijo, da se odrekajo konkuriranju za prihodnji trg, ker prednost, ki jo prinaša pomoč (v smislu stopnje tehnološkega napredka ali v časovnem smislu), zmanjšuje njihove možnosti za donosen vstop na ta prihodnji trg,
Product differentiation and intensity of competition: where product innovation is rather about developing differentiated products (related, for example, to distinct brands, standards, technologies, consumer groups) competitors are less likely to be affected.
razlikovanje med proizvodi in intenzivnost konkurence: Kadar so inovacije proizvodov bolj usmerjene v razvoj različnih proizvodov (povezanih npr. z različnimi znamkami, standardi, tehnologijami, skupinami potrošnikov), je manj verjetno, da bodo konkurenti prizadeti.
The same is true if there are many effective competitors in the market.
Enako velja, če je na trgu veliko učinkovitih konkurentov.
Aid in support of R&D&I may have distortive effects in terms of increasing or maintaining the degree of market power in product markets.
Pomoč za podporo R&R&I ima lahko izkrivljajoče učinke v smislu povečanja ali ohranjanja stopnje tržne moči na proizvodnih trgih.
Market power is the power to influence market prices, output, the variety or quality of goods and services, or other parameters of competition on the market for a significant period of time, to the detriment of consumers.
Tržna moč je moč vplivanja na tržne cene, proizvodnjo, raznolikost ali kakovost blaga in storitev ali na druge parametre konkurence na trgu v daljšem časovnem obdobju na račun potrošnikov.
The Authority will assess the market power before the aid is granted, and the change in market power, which can be expected as a result of the aid.
Nadzorni organ bo pred dodelitvijo pomoči ocenil tržno moč in spremembe tržne moči, ki jih je mogoče pričakovati kot posledico pomoči.
The Authority is concerned mainly about those R&D&I measures allowing the aid beneficiary to transfer or strengthen market power held on existing product markets to future product markets.
Nadzorni organ je zlasti zaskrbljen zaradi tistih ukrepov R&R&I, ki upravičencu do pomoči omogočajo, da prenese ali utrdi tržno moč, ki jo ima na obstoječih proizvodnih trgih, na prihodnje proizvodne trge.
The Authority is therefore unlikely to identify competition concerns related to market power in markets where each aid beneficiary has a market share below 25 % and in markets having a market concentration with Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) below 2000.
Nadzorni organ zato verjetno ne bo opredelil pomislekov glede konkurence v povezavi s tržno močjo na trgih, na katerih ima vsak upravičenec do pomoči tržni delež pod 25 %, in na trgih, ki imajo tržno koncentracijo z indeksom Herfindahl-Hirschman (HHI) pod 2000.
Market power of aid beneficiary and market structure: where the recipient is already dominant on a product market, the aid measure may reinforce this dominance by further weakening the competitive constraint that competitors can exert on the recipient undertaking.
tržno moč upravičenca do pomoči in strukturo trga: Kadar prejemnik že prevladuje na proizvodnem trgu, lahko ukrep pomoči utrdi to prevlado z dodatnim zmanjšanjem konkurenčne omejitve, ki jo lahko konkurenti uveljavijo pri podjetju prejemnika.
Similarly, State aid measures may have significant impact in oligopolistic markets where only a few players are active,
Podobno lahko ukrepi državne pomoči znatno vplivajo na oligopolne trge, na katerih je dejavnih le nekaj akterjev,
Level of entry barriers: in the field of R&D&I, significant entry barriers may exist for new entrants.
stopnjo vstopnih ovir: Na področju R&R&I lahko za nove udeležence obstajajo precejšnje vstopne ovire.
These barriers include legal entry barriers (in particular intellectual property rights), economies of scale and scope, access barriers to networks and infrastructure, and other strategic barriers to entry or expansion,
Te ovire vključujejo pravne vstopne ovire (zlasti pravice intelektualne lastnine), ekonomije obsega in dosega, ovire dostopa do mrež in infrastrukture ter druge strateške ovire za vstop ali razširitev,
Buyer power: the market power of an undertaking may also be limited by the market position of the buyers.
kupno moč: Tržna moč podjetja je lahko omejena tudi s tržnim položajem kupcev.