natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The purpose of such agreements may be to give the licensor and/or licensee an incentive to invest in and develop the licensed technology.
V takih okoliščinah zlasti ni mogoče domnevati, da bo pridobitelj licence zaradi sporazuma prenehal izkoriščati lastno tehnologijo.
The object of the agreement is therefore not necessarily to share markets.
Omejitve v sporazumih med konkurenti, ki licenco omejijo na enega ali več proizvodnih trgov oziroma enega ali več tehničnih področij uporabe [61], niso nedopustne omejitve.
According to Article 4(1)(c)(i) and for the same reason, the block exemption also applies to non-reciprocal agreements whereby the parties agree not to sell actively or passively into an exclusive territory or to an exclusive customer group reserved for the other party.
V primeru, da ni presežen 20-odstotni prag tržnega deleža, velja za take omejitve skupinska izjema ne glede na to, ali je sporazum vzajemen ali ne.
For the application of the TTBER, the Authority interprets ‘active’ and ‘passive’ sales as defined in the guidelines on vertical restraints [60].
Za take omejitve se ne šteje, da je njihov cilj dodelitev trgov ali kupcev.
Restrictions on licensee or licensor to sell actively and/or passively into the other party's territory or customer group are only block-exempted if that territory or customer group has been exclusively reserved to that other party.
Vendar pa je uporaba skupinske izjeme pogojena s tem, da omejitve, ki se nanašajo na področja uporabe, ne presegajo področja uporabe licenčnih tehnologij.
However, in some specific circumstances, agreements containing such sales restrictions may, in an individual case, also fulfil the conditions of Article 53(3) if the exclusivity is shared on an ad hoc basis, for instance if necessary to alleviate a temporary shortage in the production of the licensor or licensee to which the territory or customer group is exclusively allocated.
Na primer, če je omejeno tudi tehnično področje, na katerem lahko pridobitelji licence uporabljajo lastne tehnološke pravice, sporazum pomeni razdelitev trga.
In such cases, the licensor or licensee is still likely to be sufficiently protected against active and/or passive sales to have the incentive to license its technology or invest to work with the licensed technology.
Skupinska izjema velja ne glede na to, ali je omejitev področja uporabe simetrična ali asimetrična.
Such restraints, even where restrictive of competition, would promote pro-competitive dissemination and integration of that technology into the production assets of the licensee.
Asimetrična omejitev področja uporabe v vzajemnem licenčnem sporazumu pomeni, da je obema pogodbenicama dovoljena uporaba tehnologij, za kateri sta vsaka posebej pridobili licenco, le znotraj različnih področij uporabe.
By implication the fact that the licensor appoints the licensee as its sole licensee in a particular territory, implying that third parties will not be licensed to produce on the basis of the licensor's technology in the territory in question, does not constitute a hardcore restriction either.
Vse dokler pogodbenici nista omejeni pri izkoriščanju lastnih tehnologij, se ne domneva, da bosta zaradi sporazuma opustili vstop na področja uporabe, ki so zajeta z licenco, podeljeno drugi pogodbenici, ali se tega vzdržali.
In the case of such sole licences the block exemption applies irrespective of whether the agreement is reciprocal or not given that the agreement does not affect the ability of the parties to fully exploit their own technology rights in their respective territories.
Tudi če se pridobitelja licence opremita za izkoriščanje licenčne tehnologije znotraj področja uporabe, zajetega z licenco, ni nujno, da bo to vplivalo na proizvodne zmogljivosti, ki se uporabljajo za proizvodnjo zunaj licenčnega obsega.
Article 4(1)(c)(ii) excludes from the hardcore list, and thus block-exempts up to the market share threshold, restrictions in a non-reciprocal agreement on active sales by a licensee into the territory or to the customer group allocated by the licensor to another licensee.
V tem oziru je pomembno, da se omejitev navezuje na različne proizvodne trge, industrijske sektorje ali področja uporabe in ne na kupce, dodeljene po ozemlju ali skupini, ki kupujejo izdelke z istega proizvodnega trga ali tehničnega področja uporabe.
However, this presupposes that the protected licensee was not a competitor of the licensor when the agreement was concluded.
V slednjem primeru je tveganje za razdelitev trga znatno večje (glej točko 106 zgoraj).
It is not warranted to treat such restrictions in that situation as hardcore restrictions.
Poleg tega so omejitve v zvezi s področjem uporabe lahko nujne za spodbujanje licenciranja, ki bo za konkurenco pozitivno (glej točko 212 spodaj).
By allowing the licensor to grant a licensee, who was not already on the market, protection against active sales by licensees which are competitors of the licensor and which for that reason were already established on the market, such restrictions are likely to induce the licensee to exploit the licensed technology more efficiently.
Omejitev sposobnosti pogodbenic za opravljanje raziskav in razvoja
On the other hand, if the licensees were to agree between themselves not to sell actively or passively into certain territories or to certain customer groups, the agreement would amount to a cartel amongst the licensees.
Nedopustna omejitev konkurence, določena v členu 4(1)(d), zajema na prvem mestu omejitve sposobnosti katere koli pogodbenice za opravljanje raziskav in razvoja.
Given that such an agreement does not involve any transfer of technology it would in addition fall outside the scope of the TTBER.
Obe pogodbenici morata imeti pravico opravljati neodvisne raziskave in razvoj.
Article 4(1)(c)(iii) contains a further exception to the hardcore restriction of Article 4(1)(c), namely captive use restrictions, that is to say, requirements whereby the licensee may produce the products incorporating the licensed technology only for its own use.
To pravilo velja ne glede na to, ali se omejitev nanaša na področje, zajeto z licenco, ali na druga področja.
Where the contract product is a component the licensee can thus be obliged to produce that component only for incorporation into its own products and can be obliged not to sell the components to other producers.
Vendar pa zgolj dejstvo, da sta se pogodbenici dogovorili o medsebojnem zagotavljanju prihodnjih izboljšav lastnih tehnologij, ne pomeni omejitve neodvisnih raziskav in razvoja.
The licensee must be able, however, to sell the components as spare parts for its own products and must thus be able to supply third parties that perform after sale services on these products.
Učinek takih sporazumov na konkurenco je treba presoditi glede na okoliščine posamezne zadeve.
Captive use restrictions may be necessary to encourage the dissemination of technology, particularly between competitors, and are covered by the block exemption.
Člen 4(1)(d) prav tako ne velja za omejitve, ki so pogodbenici naložene glede opravljanja raziskav in razvoja s tretjimi osebami, če je taka omejitev potrebna, da se strokovno znanje in izkušnje dajalca licence zaščitijo pred razkritjem.
Such restrictions are also dealt with in Section 4.2.5.
Omejitve, ki se naložijo z namenom zaščite strokovnega znanja in izkušenj dajalca licence pred razkritjem, morajo biti nujne za zagotavljanje take zaščite in s slednjim sorazmerne, če naj za njih velja izjema.
Finally, Article 4(1)(c)(iv) excludes from the hardcore list an obligation on the licensee in a non-reciprocal agreement to produce the contract products only for a particular customer with a view to creating an alternative source of supply for that customer.
Če sporazum na primer določa zaposlene pri pridobitelju licence, ki se bodo usposabljali in bodo odgovorni za uporabo licenčnega strokovnega znanja in izkušenj, lahko zadostuje, če se pridobitelju licence naloži obveznost, da zadevnim zaposlenim ne dovoli sodelovanja v raziskavah in razvoju s tretjimi osebami.
It is thus a condition for the application of Article 4(1)(c)(iv) that the licence is limited to creating an alternative source of supply for that particular customer.
Drugi zaščitni ukrepi so lahko enako primerni.
It is not a condition, however, that only one such licence is granted.
Omejitve izkoriščanja lastne tehnologije pridobitelja licence
Article 4(1)(c)(iv) also covers situations where more than one undertaking is licensed to supply the same specified customer.
V skladu s členom 4(1)(d) pridobitelj licence prav tako ne sme biti omejen pri uporabi lastnih konkurenčnotehnoloških pravic, pod pogojem, da pri tem ne uporablja tehnoloških pravic, ki mu jih licencira dajalec licence.
Article 4(1)(c)(iv) applies regardless of the duration of the licence agreement.
Pridobitelj licence ne sme biti omejen v zvezi z lastnimi tehnološkimi pravicami v smislu tega, kje proizvaja ali prodaja, na katerih tehničnih področjih uporabe ali proizvodnih trgih proizvaja, koliko proizvede ali proda in po kakšni ceni prodaja.
For instance, a one-off licence to fulfil the requirements of a project of a particular customer is covered by this exception.
Prav tako se mu ne sme naložiti plačilo licenčnine za izdelke, ki jih proizvaja na podlagi lastnih tehnoloških pravic (glej točko 101 zgoraj).
The potential of such agreements to share markets is limited where the licence is granted only for the purpose of supplying a particular customer.
Poleg tega pridobitelj licence ne sme biti omejen pri podeljevanju licence za lastne tehnološke pravice tretjim osebam.
In such circumstances it can, in particular, not be assumed that the agreement will cause the licensee to cease exploiting its own technology.
Če so pridobitelju licence naložene omejitve glede uporabe lastnih tehnoloških pravic ali pravice opravljanja raziskav in razvoja, se konkurenčnost tehnologije pridobitelja licence zmanjša.
Restrictions in agreements between competitors that limit the licence to one or more product markets or technical fields of use [61] are not hardcore restrictions.
To povzroča zmanjšanje konkurence na obstoječih proizvodnih in tehnoloških trgih in zmanjšanje spodbude za pridobitelja licence, da vlaga v razvoj in izboljšave lastne tehnologije.
Such restrictions are block-exempted up to the market share threshold of 20 % irrespective of whether the agreement is reciprocal or not.
Člen 4(1)(d) ne velja za omejitve, ki so pridobitelju licence naložene glede uporabe tehnologije tretjih oseb, ki konkurira licenčni tehnologiji.
Such restrictions are not considered to have as their object the allocation of markets or customers.
Take prepovedi konkurence imajo sicer lahko učinke omejevanja dostopa na trg, kar zadeva tehnologijo tretjih oseb (glej poglavje 4.2.7), vendar navadno ne zmanjšujejo spodbude pridobiteljev licence za vlaganje v razvoj in izboljšave lastne tehnologije.
It is a condition for the application of the block exemption, however, that the field of use restrictions do not go beyond the scope of the licensed technologies.
Člen 4(2) TTBER vsebuje seznam nedopustnih omejitev, ki se nanašajo na podeljevanje licenc med nekonkurenti.
For instance, where licensees are also limited in the technical fields in which they can use their own technology rights, the agreement amounts to market sharing.
V skladu s to določbo TTBER ne zajema sporazumov, ki imajo, neposredno ali posredno, posamično ali skupaj z drugimi dejavniki, nad katerimi imata pogodbenici nadzor, za cilj kar koli od spodaj navedenega:
The block exemption applies irrespective of whether the field of use restriction is symmetrical or asymmetrical.
omejevanje sposobnosti pogodbenice za določanje cen pri prodaji izdelkov tretjim osebam, ne da bi to posegalo v možnost določanja najvišje prodajne cene ali priporočanja prodajne cene, pod pogojem, da to nima za posledico fiksne ali najnižje prodajne cene zaradi pritiskov ali spodbud katere koli od pogodbenic sporazuma;
An asymmetrical field of use restriction in a reciprocal licence agreement implies that both parties are allowed to use the respective technologies that they license-in only within different fields of use.
omejevanje ozemlja, na katerem pridobitelj licence lahko pasivno prodaja pogodbene izdelke, ali kupcev, ki jim pridobitelj licence lahko pasivno prodaja pogodbene izdelke, razen:
As long as the parties are unrestricted in the use of their own technologies, there is no assumption that the agreement leads the parties to abandon or refrain from entering the field(s) covered by the licence to the other party.
omejevanja pasivne prodaje na izključnem ozemlju ali izključni skupini kupcev, rezerviranima za dajalca licence;
Even if the licensees tool up to use the licensed technology within the licensed field of use, there may be no impact on assets used to produce outside the scope of the licence.
obveznosti, da proizvaja pogodbene izdelke samo za lastno uporabo pod pogojem, da za pridobitelja licence ni omejitve za aktivno in pasivno prodajo pogodbenih izdelkov kot rezervnih delov za njegove lastne izdelke;
It is important in this regard that the restriction relates to distinct product markets, industrial sectors or fields of use and not to customers, allocated by territory or by group, who purchase products falling within the same product market or technical field of use.
obveznosti, da proizvaja pogodbene izdelke samo za določenega kupca, kadar je bila licenca podeljena zaradi oblikovanja alternativnega vira dobave za tega kupca;
The risk of market sharing is considered substantially greater in the latter case (see point (106) above).
omejevanja prodaje končnim uporabnikom s strani pridobitelja licence, ki se ukvarja z veleprodajo;
In addition, field of use restrictions may be necessary to promote pro-competitive licensing (see point (212) below).
omejevanja prodaje nepooblaščenim distributerjem s strani članov sistema selektivne distribucije;
Restrictions on the parties' ability to carry out research and development
omejevanje aktivne ali pasivne prodaje končnim uporabnikom s strani pridobitelja licence, ki je član sistema selektivne distribucije in ki se ukvarja z maloprodajo, ne da bi to posegalo v možnost prepovedi članu sistema, da posluje iz nepooblaščene poslovne enote.
The hardcore restriction of competition set out in Article 4(1)(d) covers restrictions on any of the parties' ability to carry out research and development.
Določanje cen
Both parties must be free to carry out independent research and development.
Nedopustna omejitev konkurence, določena v členu 4(2)(a), zadeva določanje cen, ki se zaračunajo pri prodaji izdelkov tretjim osebam.
This rule applies irrespective of whether the restriction applies to a field covered by the licence or to other fields.
Natančneje, ta določba zajema omejitve, katerih neposredni ali posredni cilj je določanje fiksne ali najnižje prodajne cene oziroma fiksne ali najnižje cenovne ravni, ki jo morata dajalec oziroma pridobitelj licence upoštevati pri prodaji izdelkov tretjim.
However, the mere fact that the parties agree to provide each other with future improvements of their respective technologies does not amount to a restriction on independent research and development.
Pri sporazumih, ki neposredno določajo prodajno ceno, je obstoj omejitve očiten.
The effect on competition of such agreements must be assessed in the light of the circumstances of the individual case.
Vendar pa se lahko določanje prodajnih cen doseže tudi s posrednimi sredstvi.
Article 4(1)(d) also does not extend to restrictions on a party to carry out research and development with third parties, where such restriction is necessary to protect the licensor's know-how against disclosure.
Primeri slednjega vključujejo določanje marž, določanje najvišje stopnje popustov, vezanje prodajne cene na prodajne cene konkurentov, grožnje, ustrahovanje, opozorila, kazni ali odpoved pogodbe v primeru neupoštevanja dane cenovne ravni.
In order to be covered by the exception, the restrictions imposed to protect the licensor's know-how against disclosure must be necessary and proportionate to ensure such protection.
Neposredna ali posredna sredstva za določanje cen so lahko učinkovitejša, če so kombinirana z ukrepi za odkrivanje zniževanja cen, kot je uvedba sistema za spremljanje cen ali obveznost za pridobitelje licence, da poročajo o cenovnih odstopanjih.
For instance, where the agreement designates particular employees of the licensee to be trained in and responsible for the use of the licensed know-how, it may be sufficient to oblige the licensee not to allow those employees to be involved in research and development with third parties.
Podobno lahko neposredno ali posredno določanje cen postane učinkovitejše, če se kombinira z ukrepi, ki zmanjšujejo spodbudo pridobitelja licence za znižanje njegovih prodajnih cen, kot je na primer obveznost, ki jo dajalec licence naloži pridobitelju licence, da mora slednji uporabljati klavzule o kupcih z največjimi ugodnostmi, torej obveznost, da se kupcu zagotovijo kakršni koli ugodnejši pogoji, ki so priznani drugim kupcem.
Other safeguards may be equally appropriate.
Ista sredstva je mogoče uporabiti za to, da najvišje ali priporočene cene delujejo kot fiksne ali najnižje prodajne cene.
Restrictions on the use of the licensee's own technology
Vendar pa dejstvo, da dajalec licence pridobitelju licence predloži seznam priporočenih cen ali mu predpiše najvišjo ceno, samo po sebi ne pomeni določanja fiksnih ali najnižjih prodajnih cen.
According to Article 4(1)(d) the licensee must also be unrestricted in the use of its own competing technology rights provided that in doing so it does not make use of the technology rights licensed from the licensor.
Omejitve pasivne prodaje pridobitelja licence
In relation to its own technology rights the licensee must not be subject to limitations in terms of where it produces or sells, the technical fields of use or product markets within which it produces, how much it produces or sells and the price at which it sells.
Člen 4(2)(b) opredeljuje kot nedopustne omejitve konkurence sporazume ali usklajena ravnanja, katerih neposredni ali posredni cilj je omejitev pridobitelja licence pri pasivni prodaji izdelkov [62], ki vključujejo licenčno tehnologijo [63].
It must also not be obliged to pay royalties on products produced on the basis of its own technology rights (see point (101) above).
Omejitve pasivne prodaje za pridobitelja licence so lahko rezultat neposrednih obveznosti, kot je obveznost, da ne prodaja določenim kupcem ali kupcem na določenih ozemljih, ali obveznost, da naročila teh kupcev preusmeri na druge pridobitelje licence.
Moreover, the licensee must not be restricted in licensing its own technology rights to third parties.
Prav tako so lahko posledica posrednih ukrepov, namenjenih prepričevanju pridobitelja licence, da se vzdrži take prodaje, kot so finančne spodbude in uvedba sistema za spremljanje, namenjenega preverjanju dejanskega namembnega kraja licenčnih izdelkov.
When restrictions are imposed on the licensee's use of its own technology rights or its right to carry out research and development, the competitiveness of the licensee's technology is reduced.
Omejitve količine so lahko posredno sredstvo za omejitev pasivne prodaje.
The effect of this is to reduce competition on existing product and technology markets and to reduce the licensee's incentive to invest in the development and improvement of its technology.
Nadzorni organ ne bo domneval, da omejitve količine kot take služijo temu namenu.
Article 4(1)(d) does not extend to restrictions on the licensee's use of third-party technology which competes with the licensed technology.
Vendar pa bo domnevala drugače, če se omejitve količine uporabijo za izvajanje sporazuma, ki je v osnovi sporazum o razdelitvi trga.
Although such non-compete obligations may have foreclosure effects on third-party technologies (see Section 4.2.7), they usually do not have the effect of reducing the incentive of licensees to invest in the development and improvement of their own technologies.
Dokazi za obstoj takega sporazuma vključujejo postopno prilagoditev količine, da se pokrije zgolj lokalno povpraševanje, kombinacijo količinskih omejitev in obveznosti, da se na določenem ozemlju prodajo minimalne količine, obveznosti o minimalni licenčnini, povezane s prodajo na določenem ozemlju, diferencirane stopnje licenčnine, ki so odvisne od namembnega kraja izdelkov, in sistem za spremljanje namembnega kraja izdelkov, ki jih prodajo posamezni pridobitelji licence.
Article 4(2) TTBER lists the hardcore restrictions for licensing between non-competitors.
Vendar pa obstajajo za splošno nedopustno omejitev, ki se nanaša na pasivno prodajo s strani pridobiteljev licence, številne izjeme, ki so obravnavane v točkah 120 do 125.
According to this provision, the TTBER does not cover agreements which, directly or indirectly, in isolation or in combination with other factors under the control of the parties, have as their object any of the following:
Izjema 1:
the restriction of a party's ability to determine its prices when selling products to third parties, without prejudice to the possibility to impose a maximum sale price or recommend a sale price, provided that it does not amount to a fixed or minimum sale price as a result of pressure from, or incentives offered by, any of the parties;
Člen 4(2)(b) ne zajema omejitev prodaje (aktivne in pasivne), ki veljajo za dajalca licence.
the restriction of the territory into which, or of the customers to whom, the licensee may passively sell the contract products, except:
Vse omejitve prodaje, naložene dajalcu licence, so predmet skupinske izjeme do praga tržnega deleža v višini 30 %.
the restriction of passive sales into an exclusive territory or to an exclusive customer group reserved for the licensor;
Enako velja za vse omejitve aktivne prodaje, ki so naložene pridobitelju licence, z izjemo tega, kar je v zvezi z aktivno prodajo navedeno v točki 125.
the obligation to produce the contract products only for its own use provided that the licensee is not restricted in selling the contract products actively and passively as spare parts for its own products;
Skupinska izjema za omejitve aktivne prodaje temelji na domnevi, da take omejitve spodbujajo naložbe, necenovno konkurenco in izboljšave v kakovosti storitev, ki jih nudi pridobitelj licence, s tem da rešujejo probleme pridobivanja nezasluženih koristi in t. i. probleme zadržanja.
the obligation to produce the contract products only for a particular customer, where the licence was granted in order to create an alternative source of supply for that customer;
Pri omejitvah aktivne prodaje med ozemlji ali skupinami kupcev, ki so dodeljeni pridobiteljem licence, ni treba, da je bilo zaščitenemu pridobitelju licence odobreno izključno ozemlje ali izključna skupina kupcev.
the restriction of sales to end-users by a licensee operating at the wholesale level of trade;
Skupinska izjema se uporablja tudi za omejitve aktivne prodaje, pri katerih sta določeno ozemlje ali določena skupina kupcev dodeljena več kot le enemu pridobitelju licence.
the restriction of sales to unauthorised distributors by the members of a selective distribution system;
Verjetno je, da se bodo naložbe v povečanje učinkovitosti spodbujale, če se pridobitelj licence lahko zanaša na to, da bo konkurenci na področju aktivne prodaje izpostavljen samo s strani omejenega števila pridobiteljev licence znotraj določenega ozemlja in ne tudi s strani pridobiteljev licence zunaj tega ozemlja.
the restriction of active or passive sales to end-users by a licensee which is a member of a selective distribution system and which operates at the retail level, without prejudice to the possibility of prohibiting a member of the system from operating out of an unauthorised place of establishment.
Izjema 2:
Price fixing
Omejitve, ki so pridobiteljem licence naložene glede aktivne in pasivne prodaje na izključnem ozemlju ali izključni skupini kupcev, ki sta rezervirana za dajalca licence, ne pomenijo nedopustnih omejitev konkurence (glej člen 4(2)(b)(i)) in se zanje uporablja skupinska izjema.