natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Through a set of measures, including export taxes, quantitative restrictions, subsidies to domestic producers, and public policy statements, the GOA induced the domestic soybean growers to sell soybeans locally and ‘entrusted’ or ‘directed’ them to provide this raw material in Argentina for less than adequate remuneration.
Ta razlaga je tudi skladna s ciljem in namenom Sporazuma o subvencijah in izravnalnih ukrepih, tj. „povečati in izboljšati pravila iz Splošnega sporazuma o carinah in trgovini v zvezi z uporabo subvencij in izravnalnih ukrepov“.
The measures at issue achieved the desired effect to distort the domestic market of soybeans in Argentina and to depress the price to an artificially low level to the advantage of the downstream biodiesel industry.
V skladu s to razlago je Komisija poleg tega, da je proučila, ali bi bilo sklop ukrepov, ki jih je sprejela argentinska vlada, mogoče opredeliti kot „finančni prispevek“ v obliki zagotavljanja blaga za plačilo, nižje od primernega, tudi analizirala, ali bi bilo sklop ukrepov argentinske vlade mogoče opredeliti tudi kot dohodkovno ali cenovno podporo, ki spada na področje uporabe člena 3(1)(b) osnovne uredbe.
The function to provide soybeans for less than adequate remuneration is normally vested in the government in view of the public objective to support the biodiesel industry and the practice of the soybean growers producing companies to carry it out does not, in any real sense, differ from practices normally followed by governments when pursing similar policy objectives through other forms of support (such as grants or revenue foregone).
Pri tem je Komisija proučila, prvič, ali namerava argentinska vlada podpreti vzpostavitev in razvoj industrije biodizla; drugič, kakšne ukrepe je sprejela argentinska vlada, da bi podprla industrijo biodizla; in tretjič, ali je zadevne ukrepe mogoče opredeliti kot „kakršno koli obliko dohodkovne/cenovne podpore“ v smislu člena XVI Sporazuma o carinah in trgovini iz leta 1994.
The Commission thus concluded that the GOA provided an indirect financial contribution within the meaning of Article 3(1)(a)(iv) and (iii) of the basic Regulation, as interpreted and applied in line with the relevant WTO standard under Article 1.1(a)(iv) and (iii) of the SCM Agreement.
Argentinska vlada in zbornica CARBIO sta po razkritju informativnega dokumenta trdili, da se je Komisija opirala na nesprejemljivo široko razlago izrazov „kakršna koli oblika dohodkovne ali cenovne podpore“, uporabljenih v členu 3(1)(b) osnovne uredbe, pri čemer je trdila, da „vključuje vse oblike, ki neposredno ali posredno zagotavljajo dohodkovno ali cenovno podporo“, in „vse načine, na katere vlada nekomu zagotavlja dohodkovno ali cenovno podporo“.
Price or income support
Komisija je to trditev zavrnila.
The Commission considers that the categories of ‘financial contribution’/‘income or price support’ are not mutually exclusive.
Svojo ugotovitev je oblikovala v skladu s sodno prakso STO in razlago „dohodkovne ali cenovne podpore“.
In fact, the Appellate Body has confirmed that the ‘range of government measures capable of providing subsidies [under ‘financial contribution’] is broadened still further by the concept of ‘income or price support’ in paragraph (2) of Article 1.1(a)’.
Kot je podrobneje pojasnjeno v uvodnih izjavah od 186 do 195 v nadaljevanju, Komisija ni le proučila učinkov ukrepov argentinske vlade, ampak je tudi natančno analizirala cilje politike v zvezi z ukrepi argentinske vlade, pa tudi njihovo naravo in zasnovo, pri čemer je ugotovila, da cena biodizla in soje na argentinskem domačem trgu „vključuje neposredno vladno posredovanje na trgu, zasnovano za določitev cene blaga na določeni ravni“.
This interpretation is also consistent with the object and purpose of the SCM Agreement, which is ‘to increase and improve GATT disciplines relating to the use of both subsidies and countervailing measures’.
Kot rezultat ciljev politike, ki jih zasleduje argentinska vlada, so domače cene biodizla v primerjavi s ceno izvoženega biodizla, določene na umetno visoki ravni, s čimer podpirajo domačo industrijo biodizla (glej uvodne izjave od 189 do 195).
Article XVI of the GATT 1994 covers ‘any subsidy including any form of income or price support, which operates directly or indirectly to increase exports of any product from, or to reduce imports of any product into, its territory’.
Hkrati je cena soje določena na umetno nizki ravni zaradi izvoznega davka na sojo, ki prav tako podpira domačo industrijo biodizla.
The terms ‘any form’ indicate the broad scope of this category, in the sense that it includes all forms that directly or indirectly provide income or price support.
Po dokončnem razkritju se argentinska vlada ni strinjala z razlago Komisije, da se kategoriji „finančni prispevek“/„dohodkovna ali cenovna podpora“ medsebojno ne izključujeta, zaradi veznika „ali“ v členu 1.1.(a)(2) Sporazuma o subvencijah in izravnalnih ukrepih.
In this sense, the dictionary meaning of ‘form’ refers to ‘one of the different modes in which a thing exists or manifests itself; a species, kind, or variety’ also a ‘manner, method, way’.
V uvodni izjavi 171 je Komisija pojasnila, zakaj ni bila mnenja, da se ti kategoriji medsebojno izključujeta.
Thus, ‘any form’ includes any way or manner in which the government provides income or price support to someone.
Preprosta jezikovna razlaga besede „ali“ v besedilu Sporazuma o subvencijah in izravnalnih ukrepih ni spremenila utemeljitve Komisije, zato je bila trditev zavrnjena.
‘Support’ denotes ‘the action of contributing to the success or maintaining the value of something’.
Argentinska vlada je ponovila svojo trditev, da ugotovitve Komisije neustrezno temeljijo na nesprejemljivo široki razlagi pojmov „kakršna koli oblika dohodkovne ali cenovne podpore“, kakor sta uporabljena v členu 1.1.(a)(2) Sporazuma o subvencijah in izravnalnih ukrepih, ter da Komisija uporablja „pristop na podlagi učinkov“, ki ni v skladu s sodno prakso STO, da bi davčna ureditev v zvezi z izvoznim davkom spadala na področje določb člena 1.1.(a)(2).
The term ‘support’ is often used in the context of agriculture, as referring to government support programmes.
Ker argentinska vlada ni predložila novih dokazil, ki bi ovrgla ugotovitve Komisije, je Komisija te trditve zavrnila.
In this case, the meaning of ‘support’ in Article 1.1(a)(2) of the SCM Agreement refers to the action of the government that contributes to the success or maintaining the value of prices or of the income received by someone.
Po dokončnem razkritju je zbornica CARBIO izpodbijala tudi ugotovitve Komisije o dohodkovni in cenovni podpori, pri čemer je svoje stališče zagovarjala z drugo navedbo iz poročila posebne skupine Kitajska – GOES.
Finally, the reference ‘in the sense of Article XVI of the GATT 1994’ implies all forms of income or price support that directly or indirectly increase exports of ‘any product’ from a WTO Member's territory or reduce imports of this product within its territory.
Po mnenju zbornice CARBIO dohodkovna in cenovna podpora ne zajema primerov, ko je „gibanje cen posredni učinek druge oblike posredovanja vlade“.
This effect, potential or actual, is explicitly contemplated in Article XVI:1 of the GATT 1994: ‘… including any form of income or price support, which operates directly or indirectly to increase exports of any product from, or to reduce imports of any product into, its territory’.
Komisija je menila, da sklicevanje zbornice CARBIO na sodno prakso v zadevi Kitajska – GOES ni pomembno za to zadevo, v kateri ugotovitve o dohodkovni/cenovni podpori ne temeljijo na posrednih cenovnih učinkih, ampak na ukrepih, ki jih je mogoče pripisati argentinski vladi in katerih cilj so cenovni učinki v podporo industriji biodizla.
In sum, Article 3(1)(b) of the basic Regulation covers government measures of any form that directly or indirectly provide income or price support to someone and that has as an effect, potential or actual, increasing exports of any product from a WTO Member's territory or reducing imports of this product within its territory.
Ta trditev se zato zavrne.
This interpretation is also consistent with the object and purpose of the SCM Agreement that is ‘to increase and improve GATT disciplines relating to the use of both subsidies and countervailing measures’.
Namera argentinske vlade, da podpre domačo industrijo biodizla
In line with this interpretation, in addition to examining whether the set of measures adopted by the GOA could be characterised as ‘financial contribution’ in the form of provision of goods for less than adequate remuneration, the Commission also analysed whether the GOA's set of measures could also be characterised as income or price support falling under Article 3(1)(b) of the basic Regulation.
Zakonodajni akti iz uvodnih izjav od 89 do 100 kažejo, da ima argentinska vlada izrecno politiko zagotavljanja podpore za vzpostavitev in razvoj domače industrije biodizla.
In so doing, the Commission first examined whether the GOA intends to support the creation and development of the biodiesel industry; second, what kind of measures the GOA adopted to support the biodiesel industry; and third, whether those measures qualified as ‘any form of income/price support’ in the sense of Article XVI of GATT 1994.
Zlasti z Zakonom št. 26.093 z dne 12. maja 2006 je argentinska vlada vzpostavila režim za spodbujanje domače proizvodnje in uporabe biogoriv, vključno z biodizlom.
Following disclosure of the information document, the GOA and CARBIO claimed that the Commission based itself on an inadmissibly broad interpretation of the terms ‘any form of income or price support’ used in Article 3(1)(b) of the basic Regulation, by arguing that it encompasses ‘all forms that directly or indirectly provide income or price support’ and ‘any way or manner in which the government provides income or price support to someone’.
S tem zakonom je bil ustanovljen izvršilni organ za spodbujanje in nadzor trajnostne proizvodnje in uporabe biogoriv.
The Commission rejected this claim.
Poleg tega ta zakon določa, da ministrstvo za kmetijstvo, živinorejo, ribištvo in prehrano promovira kmetijske rastline, namenjene proizvodnji biogoriv, ki spodbujajo produktivno diverzifikacijo kmetijskega sektorja, da ministrstvo za mala in srednja podjetja spodbuja pridobivanje kapitalskih sredstev s strani malih in srednjih podjetij za proizvodnjo biogoriv ter da ministrstvo za znanost, tehnologijo in produktivne inovacije spodbuja raziskave, sodelovanje in prenos tehnologij med malimi in srednjimi podjetji ter ustreznimi institucijami javnega nacionalnega sistema na področju znanosti, tehnologije in inovacij.
It made its determination in compliance with the WTO jurisprudence and interpretation of ‘income or price support’.
Argentinska vlada od leta 2001, ko je začel veljati Odlok št. 1396, zagotavlja izrecno podporo.
As detailed in recitals (186) to (195) below, the Commission did not only look at the effects of the measures taken by the GOA, but also carefully analysed the policy objectives of the measures taken by the GOA as well as their nature and design concluding that the price of biodiesel and soybeans on the Argentinian domestic market ‘include direct government intervention in the market with the design to fix the price of a good at a particular level’.
S tem odlokom je bil oblikovan načrt konkurenčnosti za biodizel, v skladu s katerim so proizvajalci oproščeni plačila davkov, „da bi spodbujali razvoj industrije biodizla“, in v katerem je navedeno, „da je davek na tekoča goriva in zemeljski plin temeljno orodje za pošiljanje ekonomskih signalov“ (dodan poudarek).
As a result of the policy objectives pursued by the GOA, the domestic biodiesel prices, when compared to the price of the exported biodiesel, are set at an artificially high level, supporting the domestic biodiesel industry (see recitals (189) and (195).
Ta načrt je leta 2001 podprl podsekretar za goriva, ki je spodbujevalcem projektov na področju proizvodnje biodizla zagotovil, da bo biodizel tudi v prihodnje neobdavčeno gorivo, ter potrdil vlogo argentinske vlade z obljubo, da bo vzpostavil stabilen regulativni okvir, in izjavo, da bodo projekti na področju biodizla upravičeni do ugodnosti režima spodbujanja industrije in kreditov.
At the same time, the price of soybeans is set at an artificially low level through an export tax on soybeans which also supports the domestic biodiesel industry.
Poleg tega je navedel, da morajo imeti pri razvoju biodizla glavno vlogo kmetijski pridelovalci.
Following final disclosure, the GOA did not agree with the Commission's interpretation that the categories of ‘financial contribution’/‘income or price support’ are not mutually exclusive, because of the conjunction ‘or’ in Article 1.1.(a)(2) of the SCM Agreement.
Spodbujanje domačega biodizla je bilo konsolidirano leta 2004 z Resolucijo št. 1156, s katero je bil vzpostavljen nacionalni program za biogoriva, ki je spodbujal tehnološki razvoj domače industrije biodizla s strani ministrstva za gospodarstvo in proizvodnjo.
In recital (171), the Commission explained why it did not consider these categories mutually exclusive.
Argentinska vlada je izrecno obravnavala spodbujanje domače industrije biodizla v okviru argentinskega makroekonomskega modela.
The simple linguistic explanation of the word ‘or’ in the text of the SCM Agreement did not alter the Commission's reasoning and therefore the claim was rejected.
Centro de Economía Internacional je leta 2011 navedel, da je cilj razvoja domačega biodizla povečati dodano vrednost soje in ne zmanjšati uporabe fosilnih goriv.
The GOA reiterated its claim that the Commission's findings are inappropriately based on an inadmissibly broad interpretation of the terms ‘any form of income or price support’ as used in Article 1.1.(a)(2) of the SCM Agreement and that in order for the export tax regime to fall within the provisions of Article 1.1.(a)(2), the Commission applies an ‘effect-based approach’, which is inconsistent with WTO jurisprudence.
Razlogi za razvoj industrije biodizla, ki jih je navedel ta raziskovalni organ, so bili med drugim povečanje možnosti za zadovoljitev potreb zunanjih trgov in razlike v smislu izvoznih dajatev, kar je spodbudilo proizvodnjo izdelkov z večjo dodano vrednostjo v primerjavi s pridelavo osnovnih proizvodov, kot je soja.
As the GOA did not bring any new supporting evidence to rebut the Commission's conclusions, the Commission rejected the claims.
Poleg tega je bilo v študiji, ki jo je leta 2011 izvedel vladni subjekt, tj. Nacionalni inštitut za kmetijsko tehnologijo („Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria“, INTA) ugotovljeno, da „je običajno, da država iz različnih razlogov spodbuja trg biodizla z različnimi politikami“, „[z] drugimi besedami, da obstaja verjetnost, da se trg umetno spodbuja in da bi brez države izgubil gospodarski pomen“ ter da je „logično sklepati, da biodizel verjetno ne spodbuja pridelave soje, ampak da je vzročna zveza ravno obratna“.
Following final disclosure, CARBIO also disputed the Commission's findings of income and price support, quoting in their favour another part of the China — GOES Panel Report.
Ta podpora se nadaljuje še po koncu obdobja preiskave, saj so se februarja 2018 minister za energetiko, guverner province Santa Fe in zbornica CARBIO dogovorili, da bodo ustanovili skupno delovno skupino, da bi bolje zasnovali in izboljšali nacionalno strategijo za biodizel.
According to CARBIO, income and price support does not cover situations where ‘a movement in prices is an indirect effect of another form of government intervention’.
Argentinska vlada je leta 2010 uvedla obveznost mešanja goriv za domači trg, v skladu s katero se od družb za oskrbo z gorivom v Argentini zahteva, da kupujejo biodizel in ga pred prodajo zmešajo z mineralnim dizlom.
The Commission considered that CARBIO's reference to the case-law from China — GOES is not relevant in the present case where the conclusions on income/price support are not based on indirect price effects, but on actions attributable to the GOA which are designed, and which have as their objective, price effects that support the biodiesel industry.
Kot je navedeno v uvodnih izjavah od 265 do 267, argentinska vlada po letu 2015 ni podpisala nobenih sporazumov o dobavi biodizla, ampak je še naprej dodeljevala kvote in določila ceno, po kateri morajo družbe, ki mešajo goriva, kupovati biodizel.
This claim is therefore rejected.
Kvota je temeljila na pričakovani količini, ki jo je domači trg potreboval za izpolnitev obveznosti mešanja goriv.
The GOA's intention to support the domestic biodiesel industry
Preostala argentinska proizvodnja se je lahko samo izvažala.
The legislative acts referred to in recitals (89) to (100) show that the GOA has an explicit policy to support the creation and development of the domestic biodiesel industry.
V obdobju preiskave se je cena biodizla na domačem trgu določala mesečno in je bila različna za velika, velika nepovezana ter mala in srednja podjetja.
In particular, through Law 26.093 of 12 May 2006, the GOA set out a regime to promote the domestic production and use of biofuels, including biodiesel.
Domača cena biodizla je temeljila na naslednji formuli:
That law set up an enforcement authority with the role to promote and control sustainable biofuel production and use.
stroški sojinega olja (kot jih je objavilo ministrstvo za kmetijstvo) + stroški metanola + stroški dela + drugi stroški + donosnost kapitala (ki je bila določena na 3 %)
Furthermore, that law provides that the Department of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Food shall promote crops destined to the production of biofuels that encourage productive diversification of the agricultural sector, the Department of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises shall promote the acquisition of capital assets by small and medium-sized enterprises destined to biofuel production, and the Department of Science, Technology and Productive Innovation shall promote the research, cooperation and transfer of technology between small and medium-sized enterprises and relevant institutions of the Public National Science, Technology and Innovation System.
V obdobju preiskave nobena od vzorčenih skupin proizvajalcev izvoznikov ni prejela kvote in oskrbovala domačega trga.
The GOA has provided explicit support since 2001, when Decree 1396 entered into force.
Vendar se zdi, da so povprečne določene cene na domačem trgu višje od povprečne izvozne cene, zlasti za male, srednje in velike nepovezane proizvajalce biodizla.
That Plan was supported by the Undersecretary of Fuels in 2001, who assured the promoters of biodiesel production projects that biodiesel would remain tax-free fuel, and affirmed the role of the GOA by promising the establishment of a stable regulatory framework and by announcing that projects on biodiesel would enjoy the benefits of the industrial promotion regime and credits.
Argentinska vlada je po razkritju informativnega dokumenta nasprotovala ugotovitvi, da je domača cena biodizla določena na umetno visoki ravni.
He further declared that the development of biodiesel must have agricultural producers as protagonists.
Komisija je za oceno ravni domače cene biodizla uporabila javne podatke, ki jih je zagotovila argentinska vlada.
The promotion of domestic biodiesel was consolidated by Resolution 1156 in 2004, creating the National Biofuels Programme which promoted the technological development of the domestic biodiesel industry by Ministry of Economy and Production.
Ti javni podatki so kazali, da domačo ceno določa argentinska vlada in tako ni prepuščena tržnim silam.
The GOA explicitly considered the promotion of the domestic biodiesel industry as part of the Argentinian macroeconomic model.
Argentinska vlada ni izpodbijala navedbe, da določa domače cene biodizla.
The Centro de Economía Internacional stated in 2011 that the development of domestic biodiesel was aimed at maximising the added value of soy, rather than reducing the use of fossil fuels.
Poleg tega so javni podatki kazali, da so bile cene na domačem trgu, ki so jih plačevale družbe, ki so imele dostop do tega trga (tj. mala in srednja podjetja), dejansko višje od izvozne cene.
Reasons for the development of the biodiesel industry given by this research body were, among others, the growing opportunity to supply the needs of external markets and the differentials in terms of export duties, encouraging production with greater added value over that of basic products such as soybeans.
Tudi tej razliki v ceni argentinska vlada ni nasprotovala.
Furthermore, a study conducted by a governmental entity, the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (‘Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria’, INTA) in 2011 concluded that ‘it is common to the biodiesel market that it is stimulated by the State for different reasons through different policies’, ‘[i]n other words, it is likely that the market is artificially stimulated and that, without the presence of the State, it loses economic relevance’, and that ‘the obvious conclusion is that biodiesel does not seem to push the production of soybeans but that the causality goes in the opposite direction’.
Zato je Komisija sklenila, da je domača cena biodizla določena na umetno visoki ravni.
This support has continued until after the investigation period, as in February 2018 the Minister of Energy, the Governor of Santa Fe and CARBIO agreed to set up a joint working group to better design and improve the national strategy for biodiesel.
Ta trditev je bila zato zavrnjena.
In 2010, the GOA set a blending mandate for the domestic market, requiring the fuel companies in Argentina to purchase biodiesel and blend it with mineral diesel before sale.
Argentinska vlada je po razkritju informativnega dokumenta trdila, da vzročne zveze med domnevno dohodkovno ali cenovno podporo in poznejšim učinkom povečanja izvoza ali zmanjšanja uvoza ni mogoče pozitivno potrditi ter da za največje proizvajalce obstajajo ovire za prodajo na domačem trgu.
This blending mandate was set up together with Biodiesel Supply Agreements between the GOA and biodiesel producers from 2010 until 2015.
Z reguliranjem domačega trga biodizla in dodelitvijo kvote samo manjšim podjetjem za proizvodnjo biodizla je argentinska vlada vzpostavila industrijo, v kateri se morajo največji proizvajalci soočiti z ovirami pri prodaji doma in so zato v celoti izvozno usmerjeni, s čimer spodbujajo izvozno konkurenčnost industrije biodizla.
Those Supply Agreements were established ‘because of the importance of the insertion of biofuels into the energy scheme of the country’ and it was therefore ‘necessary to establish clear guidelines that guarantee efficiently and effectively the achievement of the objectives proposed by the national executive power’, and further ‘taking into account the objectives of the national state to promote the agro industrial activity generating added value to the raw materials produced on national territory’.
Poleg tega preglednica 2 iz uvodne izjave 209 zagotavlja podatke o argentinski proizvodnji biodizla od leta 2008 (ko se je v Argentini začela proizvodnja v velikem obsegu) in izvozu biodizla.
As discussed in recitals (265) to (267), the GOA did not sign any Biodiesel Supply Agreements after 2015 but continued to allocate quotas and set the price at which the blending companies have to purchase biodiesel.
Preglednica 2 kaže, da dohodkovna podpora za industrijo biodizla pozitivno vpliva na izvoz, saj je bila industrija biodizla ustvarjena kot izvozno usmerjena industrija, kar je še danes.
The quota was based upon the expected quantity required by the domestic market to fulfil the blending mandate.
Kot je pojasnjeno v uvodnih izjavah od 186 do 191, je argentinska vlada izrazila namero, da bo podprla celotno domačo industrijo biodizla, ne glede na to, ali je usmerjena v prodajo na domačem trgu ali v izvoz.
The rest of the Argentinian production could only be exported.
Vendar v obdobju preiskave nobeden od vzorčenih proizvajalcev izvoznikov ni prodajal večjih količin na domačem trgu.