natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
One member of an MNE [multinational enterprise] group may fund some or all of the development, enhancement, maintenance, and protection of an intangible, while one or more other members perform all of the relevant functions. When assessing the appropriate anticipated return to funding in such circumstances, it should be recognised that in arm's length transactions, a party that provides funding, but does not control the risks or perform other functions associated with the funded activity or asset, generally does not receive anticipated returns equivalent to those received by an otherwise similarly-situated investor who also performs and controls important functions and controls important risks associated with the funded activity. […]’.
Amazon Final Transcripts: [podpredsednik in direktor, odgovoren za nemški trg, v družbi Amazon Deutschland Services GmbH, München, Nemčija], 5. november 2014, točka 984: 5–25.
See the 1995 and 2010 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 6.27: ‘In assessing whether the conditions of a transaction involving intangible property reflect arm's length dealings, the amount, nature, and incidence of the costs incurred in developing or maintaining the intangible property might be examined as an aid to determining comparability or possibly relative value of the contributions of each party […]’.
Pričanje [podpredsednika in direktorja, odgovornega za nemški trg, v družbi Amazon Deutschland Services GmbH, München, Nemčija], 13. junij 2014, str. 50, točke 6 do 13.
See Table 9.
Pričanje [podpredsednika in direktorja, odgovornega za nemški trg, v družbi Amazon Deutschland Services GmbH, München, Nemčija], 13. junij 2014, str. 52, točke 8 do 15.
See Table 9 and Recital 474.
Amazon Final Transcripts: [podpredsednik enote Prodaja na drobno v Evropi, odgovoren za vse maloprodajne dejavnosti v Evropi, v družbi LuxOpCo, Luksemburg, nekdanji direktor, odgovoren za francoski trg, v družbi Amazon.fr SAS, Clichy, Francija], 5. november 2014, točka 939:23–25, točka 940: 1–2.
In 2006, LuxSCS lent out funds to the limit of its subscribed capital, whereas the amounts lent to group companies going forward increased in proportion to the profits accumulated from the royalty payments it received from LuxOpCo.
Amazon Final Transcripts: [direktor divizije za finance v družbi Amazon Instant Video Limited, London, Združeno kraljestvo, nekdanji vodja in direktor divizije za finance v družbi Amazon.co.uk, London, Združeno kraljestvo], 5. november 2014, točka 1104: 6–25, točka 1105: 1–2.
The outstanding amount of the credit facility increased in the period 2006-2013 by EUR [1500 – 2000] million (see Recital 183), while the royalty payments due from LuxOpCo to LuxSCS exceeded the payments due from LuxSCS to Amazon US in the same period by EUR [1500 – 2000] million (EUR [3000 – 3500] million – EUR [1500 – 2000] million, see tables 2 and 10 respectively).
Glej tudi pričanje [podpredsednika in direktorja, odgovornega za nemški trg, v družbi Amazon Deutschland Services GmbH, München, Nemčija], 13. junij 2014, str. 49, točke 18 do 25: za nemške stranke skupine Amazon je to, da „Amazon deluje“ oziroma da drži obljube, pomembnejše od cene, kar je v nasprotju z mnenjem ameriških strank, za katere je cena najpomembnejši element. „If you ask a German customer today why do you love Amazon, they would say because it works, and you can find many studies showing you exactly that and price would come somewhere ranked third, a second, third at best, depending on the category.
See footnote 176 and 178 for explanation of interdependence between the royalty and the Credit Facility.
Where in the U.S., people would say Amazon has great prices, right?“ Glej tudi pričanje [podpredsednika in direktorja, odgovornega za nemški trg, v družbi Amazon Deutschland Services GmbH, München, Nemčija], 13. junij 2014, str. 151, točke 10 do 14: v Nemčiji ni v oglasih skupine Amazon nikoli v ospredju cena, saj je ta manj pomembna. „In the U.S. at that time you would show a commercial based on price, right, Amazon attractive prices.
2010 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 9.23 and 9.26.
And I said that in Germany that would be meaningless, because our largest category would not have attractive prices […]“.
See also 1995 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 1.25-1.27 and 2017 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 1.61, 1.65 and 1.70.
Notranji akt skupine Amazon: „Amazon Who Is Our Customer FR Customers Report June 2016“, str. 5 in 6.
2010 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 9.29.
Amazon Final Transcripts, [podpredsednik in direktor, odgovoren za nemški trg, v družbi Amazon Deutschland Services GmbH, München, Nemčija], 5. november 2014, točka 1046: 1–6: „So my — part of my team's job is to make sure that the customer finds the relevant content on the website.
See also 1995 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 1.26 and 2017 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 1.64.
That would mean we would be adding pictures and product description.
2010 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 9.23.
We would work on customer reviews and — that are visible changes on the website“.
See also 1995 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 1.25 and 2017 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 1.61 and 1.65.
Pričanje [podpredsednika in direktorja, odgovornega za nemški trg, v družbi Amazon Deutschland Services GmbH, München, Nemčija], 13. junij 2014, str. 34, točke 12 do 23: „To translate a legal text by Google, you need an individual to put it in correct wording again and that's the same thing that we do on our website, that we present to our customer, and consistency of presentation is very important in my store because, you know, the detail pages need to look the same.
According to paragraph 1.49 of the 2010 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 1.49, a ‘factor to consider in examining the economic substance of a purported risk allocation is the consequence of such an allocation in arm's length transactions. In arm's length transactions it generally makes sense for parties to be allocated a greater share of those risks over which they have relatively more control.’
The language, you can't call color, color on this page and something else on the next page, so you need to have people that make sure you use consistent German terminology, otherwise the customer is completely lost.“
The same requirement is presented in point 1.27 of the 1995 OECD TP Guidelines and illustrated in the following terms: ‘suppose that Company A contracts to produce and ship goods to Company B, and the level of production and shipment of goods are to be at the discretion of Company B. In such a case, Company A would be unlikely to agree to take on substantial inventory risk, since it exercises no control over the inventory level while Company B does. Of course, there are many risks, such as general business cycle risks, over which typically neither party has significant control and which at arm's length, could therefore be allocated to one or the other party to a transaction.
Amazon Final Transcripts [Vice President eCommerce platform], 24. oktober 2014, točka 215: 8–23: […].
Analysis is required to determine to what extent each party bears such risks’.
Amazon Final Transcripts: [Vice President International Retail, Amazon Corporate LLC, US, former Head of European Retail Business, responsible for all retail operations in Europe, LuxOpCo, Luxembourg], 3. november 2014, točka 493: 8–25, točka 494: 1–5: […].
See also 2017 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 1.59 -1.60.
Amazon Final Transcripts: [Vice President International Retail, Amazon Corporate LLC, US, former Head of European Retail Business, responsible for all retail operations in Europe, LuxOpCo, Luxembourg], 3. november 2014, točka 503: 24 in 25, točka 504: 1 do 25: […].
1995 OECD TP Guidelines present this consideration in paragraph 1.26, according to which, ‘in relation to contractual terms, it may be considered whether a purported allocation of risk is consistent with the economic substance of the transaction.
Pričanje [podpredsednika in direktorja, odgovornega za nemški trg, v družbi Amazon Deutschland Services GmbH, München, Nemčija], 13. junij 2014, str. 35, točke 5 do 18: […].
In this regard, the parties' conduct should generally be taken as the best evidence concerning the true allocation of risk.’
Amazon Final Transcripts: [podpredsednik in direktor, odgovoren za nemški trg, v družbi Amazon Deutschland Services GmbH, München, Nemčija], 5. november 2014, točka 976: 6–17: „And to a certain extent, you can hear, we phonetically used the U.S. expression of the brand name so we're not saying Amazon.de but we say Amazon.de, because we didn't want customers in Germany for a minute to think about that this is a U.S. store, right.
In such instances tax administrations would have to determine what is the underlying reality behind a contractual arrangement in applying the arm's length principle.’
You work with all the things that you're familiar in Germany.
See also 2010 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 1.67 and 9.14.
You find all the product that is relevant to you in Germany, and that is very, very different from France, UK, from the U.S.“
See Recital 116 and Table 13 (Functions and Risks).
Povzetek po končanem sojenju v zvezi s skupino Amazon, str. 31, točka 80.
As explained in Recital 116, LuxOpCo did, by way of its exclusive license, agree to perform all activities related to the development, enhancement, management and exploitation of the Intangibles in the European Territory, and to take over all risk associated with those activities.
Glej tudi pričanje [podpredsednik divizije Product Management-Retail in nekdanji podpredsednik/generalni direktor divizije Worldwide Operations v družbi Amazon Corporate LLC, ZDA], 15. julij 2014, str. 25, točke 18 do 23: „So because the networks are different, you would want to have supply chain people that understand the individual network.
See also the 2010 TP OECD Guidelines, Chapter IX, Business restructurings, Example (B): Transfer of valuable intangibles to a shell company, and in particular, the conclusion in paragraph 9.192: ‘A full consideration of all of the facts and circumstances warrants a conclusion that the economic substance of the arrangement differs from its form.
Supply chain people in the US for the US network; supply chain people to understand the European network; supply chain people to understand the European network.“
In particular, the facts indicate that Company Z has no real capability to assume the risks it is allocated under the arrangement as characterised and structured by the parties. Furthermore, there is no evidence of any business reasons for the arrangement.
Amazon Final Transcripts, [podpredsednik in direktor, odgovoren za nemški trg, v družbi Amazon Deutschland Services GmbH, München, Nemčija], 4. november 2014, točka 588: 11–20: „Yes.
In such a case paragraph 1.65 allows a tax administration to not recognise the structure adopted by the parties’.
There isn't and there wasn't a European transportation carrier, so we had to deal with Royal Mail in the UK, Deutsche Post in Germany, and with LaPoste in France.
An illustrative example is presented in paragraph 9.25 of the 2010 OECD TP Guidelines and 1.70 of the 2017 OECD TP Guidelines of an investor that hires a fund manager to invest funds on its account.
At that time we had to deal with Royal Mail, and Deutsche Post or LaPoste.
See Table 14.
There was not much alternative.
See footnote 409, which reproduces 2010 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 9.24.
Some small couriers were starting to grow, but we had to negotiate with the quality of service, the type of the support, and the type of delivery with the three big players in those three countries.“
See Recitals 363 and following.
Pričanje [podpredsednik divizije Product Management-Retail in nekdanji podpredsednik/generalni direktor divizije Worldwide Operations v družbi Amazon Corporate LLC, ZDA], 15. julij 2014, str. 37, točke 2 do 7, str. 55, točke 22 do 25, str. 126, točki 24 in 25, str. 127, točke 1 do 8: „The physical process in the UK and Germany had been designed by, principally by a German team.
‘Constant development of the Intangibles is critical to Amazon European business' success (or failure).
And that process just was totally different from the one that was principally Crisplant-based“.
As such, by developing and controlling the Intangibles Lux SCS takes on significant business risk’, see Amazon's submission of 18 January 2016, p. 4.
Pričanje [podpredsednik divizije Product Management-Retail in nekdanji podpredsednik/generalni direktor divizije Worldwide Operations v družbi Amazon Corporate LLC, ZDA], 15. julij 2014, str. 56, točke 13 do 15. „So they were — those two were very different, even though the physical processes was the same in both plants.“
License Agreement, paragraph 1.5 (Licensed Purpose).
Pričanje [podpredsednika in direktorja, odgovornega za nemški trg, v družbi Amazon Deutschland Services GmbH, München, Nemčija], 13. junij 2014, str. 64, točka 25, str. 65, točke 2 do 10: „So, I did not decide the color of the walls or which equipment to put into the operations.
Amazon submission of 7 June 2017, p. 2-3.
What I delivered, the most relevant input factor, which was the expected number of articles, ASINs that we're planning to sell.
See Recital 199.
That's what determines the size and the equipment, but then operations figures out the layout of the building and when and where to build it, so I do not pick the land.
As of 1 January 2014 the proportion of the Development Costs to be borne by LuxSCS was determined by the proportion of gross profit generated by the European operations to the global gross profits of Amazon (see Recital 204).
I do not build the building, but I tell them I'm gonna sell washing machines, which makes a huge difference in the shelving than selling books“.
See Recital 104.
Pričanje [podpredsednika in direktorja, odgovornega za nemški trg, v družbi Amazon Deutschland Services GmbH, München, Nemčija], 13. junij 2014, str. 110, točke 22 do 25, str. 111, točke 2 do 9: „[…] I would deliver forecasts based on what selection growth and additions I would expect and then they would determine how many square meters, […]“, str. 176, točke 19 do 25, str. 177, točke 2 do 4, str. 178, točke 2 do 7: „[…] I'm setting the biggest guidance by saying we going to sell washing machines or books and then everything follows that strain, and the cost and the margin calculation would be highly determined on that input.“
See Recital 436, which shows that it is the parties' actual conduct and not the contractual arrangements that prevail in transfer pricing.
V Nemčiji je družba Amazon.de od svoje ekipe za maloprodajo zahtevala, naj z dobavitelji opredeli najučinkovitejši način za pošiljanje in prejemanje izdelkov.
As it is LuxOpCo, who manages and assumes the risks related to the Intangibles and to the operation of Amazon's business in Europe (see Section 9.2.1.2), LuxOpCo should keep both the upside and downside result of its activity i.e. including losses, which would potentially occur if LuxOpCo does not generate enough profit to pay an arm's length royalty for the Intangibles.
Pričanje [podpredsednika in direktorja, odgovornega za nemški trg, v družbi Amazon Deutschland Services GmbH, München, Nemčija], 13. junij 2014, str. 166, točke 2 do 25, str. 137, točke 16 do 23: „So, this is the team that I, for example, sent to the inbox to make their life more efficient because I have the relation to the vendor and can change the vendor behaviour […]“ in „So, this would be people from, from my retail team that would be on the dock engineering the inbound, right?
The Commission presents a methodology to determine a remuneration to LuxSCS, which better reflects the economic reality of the contested transaction, in Section 9.2.1.4.
Like, if you sign up vendors you want to, you want to teach them how to deliver so that our fulfilment center can efficiently handle the product“.
License Agreement, paragraph 4.3: ‘Termination After Failure to Cure for Failure of Performance.
Amazon Final Transcripts: [direktor divizije za finance v družbi Amazon Instant Video Limited, London, Združeno kraljestvo, nekdanji vodja in direktor divizije za finance v družbi Amazon.co.uk, London, Združeno kraljestvo], 5. november 2014, točka 1108: 25, točka 1109: 1–19.
If either party fails to perform any of its covenants contained in this Agreement and fails to cure such default within sixty (60) days after receiving a notice from the non-defaulting party, the non-defaulting party may terminate this Agreement immediately by giving written notice to the defaulting party’.
Pričanje [podpredsednika in direktorja, odgovornega za nemški trg, v družbi Amazon Deutschland Services GmbH, München, Nemčija], 13. junij 2014, str. 88, točke 13 do 25, str. 89, točke 2 do 13: „That's just a small piece of innovation.
As explained in the 2017 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 6.63: ‘The extent and form of the activities that will be necessary to exercise control over the financial risk attached to the provision of funding will depend on the riskiness of the investment for the funder, taking into account the amount of money at stake and the investment for which these funds are used.
No, innovation is not always inventing Kindle.
In accordance with the definition of control as reflected in paragraphs 1.65 and 1.66 of these Guidelines, exercising control over a specific financial risk requires the capability to make the relevant decisions related to the risk bearing opportunity, in this case the provision of the funding, together with the actual performance of these decision making functions. In addition, the party exercising control over the financial risk must perform the activities as indicated in paragraph 1.65 and 1.66 in relation to the day-to-day risk mitigation activities related to these risks when these are outsourced and related to any preparatory work necessary to facilitate its decision making, if it does not perform these activities itself’.
Innovation is make a process work for specific customer behavior that is existing.“
For instance, LuxOpCo's employees from the EU Retail Pricing Committee are responsible for setting the pricing guidelines and approving all retail pricing on the EU websites.
Sporočilo skupine Amazon z dne 8. februarja 2017, str. 2, v zvezi s financiranjem družbe LuxOpCo in namenom tega financiranja, ter uvodna izjava 183.
See Amazon Internal Document: EU Policies and Procedures Manual, effective 1 May 2006, p. 5.
Kolikor je bila katera od teh funkcij prenesena na evropske povezane družbe, bile te plačane po metodi dodatka na stroške.
As explained in Recital 104, the only income of LuxSCS is the royalty and interest payments from its subsidiaries.
Družba LuxOpCo je torej dejansko absorbirala stroške, povezane s temi funkcijami.
See Recital 183 and footnote 177.
Do [400–500] milijonov EUR leta 2013.
See Table 12.
Glej uvodno izjavo 343.
License Agreement, paragraph 1.2: ‘“Amazon EHT [LuxSCS] Intellectual Property” means: (a) any and all intellectual property rights throughout the world, owned or otherwise held by Amazon EHT [LuxSCS] whether existing under intellectual property, unfair competition or trade secret laws, or under statute or at common law or equity, including but not limited to: (i) copyrights and author's rights (including but not limited to reviews and editorial content), trade secrets, trademarks, patents, inventions, designs, logos, and trade dress, look and feel, ‘moral rights,’ mask works, rights of personality, publicity or privacy, rights in associate or vendor information, rights in customer information (including but not limited to customer lists and customer data), and any other intellectual property and proprietary rights (including but not limited to rights in databases, marketing strategies and marketing surveys); (ii) any application or right to apply for any of the rights referred to in this clause; and (iii) any and all renewals, extensions, future equivalents and restorations thereof, now or hereafter in force and effect; (b) any and all intellectual property licensed, transferred or assigned to Amazon EHT [LuxSCS] by any third party or Affiliate; and (c) any and all Derivative Works assigned to Amazon EHT [LuxSCS] pursuant to Section 2.1(b) ’.
Glej preglednico 6.
Pursuant to the License Agreement, paragraph 2.1 (a), LuxOpCO was irrevocably granted an exclusive license ‘solely for the Licensed Purpose, to: (i) make, use, reproduce, copy, modify, translate, integrate into or extract from a database and create derivative works of Amazon EHT [LuxSCS] Intellectual Property; (ii) publicly perform or display, import, broadcast, transmit, distribute and communicate to the public by any means whatsoever, including but not limited to wire or wireless transmission process, using broadcasting, satellite, cable or network, license, offer to sell, and sell, rent, lease or lend originals and copies of, and otherwise commercially or non-commercially exploit any Amazon EHT [LuxSCS] Intellectual Property (and derivative works thereof)’.
Glej preglednico 5: prefakturiranje prevoznih stroškov in naročnina Prime.
The ‘Licensed Purpose’ is set out in paragraph 1.5 as ‘(a) operating any and all World Wide Web sites accessed via the European Country code top level domains (including but not limited to.de,.uk, and.fr) for the sale of goods or services where any person or entity (including but not limited to Amazon.com, Inc. or any of its Affiliates) is the seller of record for such goods or services, (b) using Amazon EHT [LuxSCS] Intellectual Property for the purposes of providing World Wide Web services to any third party or Affiliate that contracts for such services with respect to a World Wide Web site that utilizes a European Country code top level domain, and (c) using Amazon EHT [LuxSCS] Intellectual Property within the European Country geographic territory for any other purpose.’
Čeprav Prime ponuja nabor storitev, ki je veliko širši od samo brezplačne dostave, se je pri analizi kategorij stroškov v korist neopredmetenih sredstev konservativno štelo, da se s prihodki iz naročnin Prime v celoti krijejo samo prevozni stroški.
The Licensed purpose is identical with the Licensed Purpose for the license rights received by LuxSCS under the CSA (CSA, paragraph 1.13).
Glej uvodno izjavo 339.
AEU [LuxOpCo] shall take all necessary actions to maintain such rights’.
Odstavki od 6.36 do 6.39 smernic OECD iz leta 1995 in leta 2010 se nanašajo na položaje, v katerih družba ni lastnica blagovnih znamk ali trgovskih imen, ki jih promovira.
License Agreement, paragraph 9.2: ‘Preventing Infringement. (a) AEU [LuxOpCo] shall, at its sole expense, use its best efforts to prevent, investigate, and prosecute any unauthorized use of any Amazon EHT [LuxSCS] Intellectual Property.
V takih okoliščinah je sposobnost podjetja, da je deležno prihodnjih koristi, ki izhajajo iz dejavnosti trženja, odvisna od vsebine pravic, ki jih ima na teh blagovnih znamkah ali trgovskih imenih.
AEU [LuxOpCo] agrees to promptly inform Amazon EHT of any such unauthorized use that comes to the AEU's [LuxOpCo's] attention.
V tem smislu imajo lahko stroški oglaševanja in promocije pomembno vlogo pri ohranjanju vrednosti blagovne znamke.
To facilitate coordination of enforcement activities, AEU [LuxOpCo] shall consult with Amazon EHT [LuxSCS] before undertaking any actions to prevent such unauthorized use of Amazon EHT [LuxSCS] Intellectual Property. (b) AEU [LuxOpCo] may, at its sole expense, institute and conduct suits to protect its rights under this Agreement against infringement and may retain all recoveries from any such suits.’.
Za ponazoritev je v odstavku 6.36 opisan naslednji primer: „Če pa distributer dejansko sam nosi stroške svoje trženjske dejavnosti (to je, če ni dogovorjeno, da mu lastnik te stroške povrne), se postavlja vprašanje, v kolikšnem obsegu je lahko distributer udeležen pri morebitnih koristih iz teh dejavnosti.