natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
R & D and manufacture of new materials for aviation, aerospace, automobile and motorcycle light and environment-friendly (special aluminium, Aluminium-magnesium alloy materials, motorcycle aluminium alloy frame, etc.)’.
Sklep št. 40 državnega sveta o razglasitvi in izvajanju začasnih določb o spodbujanju prilagajanja industrijske strukture (v nadaljnjem besedilu: sklep št. 40).
High-tech green battery manufacturing: power nickel-metal hydride batteries, zinc-nickel batteries, zinc-silver batteries, lithium-ion Batteries, solar cells, fuel cells, etc. (except for new energy vehicles, energy-powered battery)’.
V tem sklepu je navedeno, da je „Katalog smernic za prilagajanje industrijske strukture“, ki je izvedbeni ukrep sklepa št. 40, pomembna podlaga za usmerjanje naložb.
Similarly, the Catalogue of Priority Industries for Foreign Investment in Central and Western China promotes foreign investment in industry related to electric bicycles parts which include: (i) the production of aluminium alloy materials and products, (ii) the production of servo motors and driving devices, (iii) the R&D and manufacturing of the special equipment for producing lithium batteries and other lithium products, (iv) the development and manufacturing of lightweight materials such as high-strength.
Kitajsko vlado tudi usmerja k upravljanju naložbenih projektov ter oblikovanju in izvrševanju politik na področju javnih financ, obdavčitve, kreditov, zemljišč, uvoza in izvoza.
Lithium batteries are part of the ‘encouraged’ list in the Catalogue for Guiding Industry Restructuring ((2013 Amendment) (2011 Version) (Issued by Order No. 9 of the National Development and Reform Commission).
Čeprav električna kolesa v sklepu št. 40 niso izrecno navedena, državni svet z njim vsem kitajskim finančnim institucijam nalaga, da zagotovijo kreditno podporo, in obljublja izvajanje „drugih preferenčnih politik za spodbujane projekte“.
The following documents also identify the electric bicycles industry as a strategic, prioritized and/or encouraged industry:
Katalog smernic za prilagajanje industrijske strukture hkrati v poglavju XIX navaja baterije in lahke materiale kot spodbujane industrije.
Made in China 2025 of the State Council (Decision No.28 of 2005) includes the ‘green development’ among its guiding principles.
Kar zadeva njegovo pravno naravo, je Komisija ugotovila, da je sklep št. 40 odlok državnega sveta, ki je najvišji upravni organ v LRK.
The document lists the strategic tasks to implement by 2025, including intensifying the ‘efforts in research and development of advanced energy-saving and environmental protection technology, process and equipment’, strengthening the ‘research and development of green product, generalise techniques of light weight, low power consumption and easy recovery, constantly promote energy efficiency of terminal energy-using products including motor, boiler, internal combustion engine and electric appliance, […] and energetically promote green and low-carbon development of new material industry, new energy industry, high-end equipment industry […]’.
Zato je sklep pravno zavezujoč za druge javne organe in gospodarske subjekte.
Decision No. 40 of the State Council on Promulgating and Implementing the ‘Temporary Provisions on Promoting the Industrial Structure Adjustment’ (‘Decision No. 40’).
Nacionalni okvir za srednje- in dolgoročni razvoj znanosti in tehnologije (2006–2020) podpira razvoj ključnih področij in prednostnih tem ter spodbuja finančno in fiskalno podporo za ta ključna področja in prednostne naloge.
This Decision states that the ‘Guidance Catalogue for the Industrial Structure Adjustment’, which is an implementing measure of Decision No. 40 is an important basis for guiding investment directions.
Industriji električnih koles in njihovih delov (in sicer baterij, motorjev, krmilnih enot in sestavnih delov iz lahkih kovin) se torej glede na dostopne informacije štejeta za ključni/strateški industriji, kitajska vlada pa si dejavno prizadeva, da bi se kot cilj politike ustrezno razvijali.
It also guides the GOC to administer investment projects, and to formulate and enforce policies on public finance, taxation, credit, land, import and export.
Trditve
Although electric bicycles are not explicitly mentioned in Decision No. 40, by means of it the State Council instructs all Chinese financial institutions to provide credit support and promises the implementation of ‘other preferential policies on the encouraged projects’.
Trditve kitajske vlade
At the same time, the Guidance Catalogue for the Industrial Structure Adjustment in Chapter XIX lists the batteries and lightweight material as encouraged industries.
Kitajska vlada je najprej navedla, da ni mogla najti 13. petletnega načrta za industrijo koles in električnih koles ter da zato ne more dati nobenih pripomb glede načrta.
As to its legal nature, the Commission noted that Decision No. 40 is an Order from the State Council, which is the highest administrative body in the PRC.
Kitajska vlada je v izpolnjenem vprašalniku tudi navedla, da je združenje CBA le industrijsko združenje prostovoljno organiziranih proizvajalcev koles in električnih koles ter nadomestnih delov zanje.
In that regard, the decision is legally binding for other public bodies and the economic operators.
Kitajska vlada je tudi zatrdila, da združenje CBA ni vladni oddelek.
The National Outline for the Medium and Long-term Science and Technology Development (2006 – 2020) supports the development of key fields and priority themes, and encourages financial and fiscal support to these key fields and priorities.
Trditve Kitajskega združenja za kolesa
In conclusion, according to the information available, the electric bicycle industry and its parts (namely battery, engine, control units and light metal components) are thus regarded as key/strategic industries, whose development is actively pursued by the GOC as a policy objective.
Združenje CBA je zatrdilo, da je neodvisno telo, ki ga kitajska vlada ne nadzoruje.
Claims
V podporo temu so se sklicevali na „Splošni načrt ločitve gospodarskih zbornic in upravnih organov“, ki sta ga izdali glavna pisarna centralnega komiteja Komunistične partije Kitajske in glavna pisarna državnega sveta.
Claims by the GOC
Združenje CBA je tudi zatrdilo, da je 13. petletni načrt za kolesa zaupen.
The GOC also indicated in its reply to the questionnaire that CBA is only an industrial association, organized voluntarily by producers of bicycles, electric bicycles and their spare parts.
Po razkritju je skupina Giant Group trdila, da je ena njenih povezanih družb samo proizvajala podobni izdelek, ni pa izvažala električnih koles v Unijo.
The GOC also claimed that CBA is not a government department.
Zato nobene subvencije, ki jo je prejela ta družba, ni mogoče samodejno šteti za subvencijo, ki je bila dodeljena izdelku, sproščenemu v prosti promet v Uniji, in povzročila škodo industriji Unije.
Claims made by the China Bicycles Association
Kakršne koli ugodnosti take dodeljene subvencije prav tako niso bile prenesene povezani družbi, ki je izvažala zadevni izdelek v Unijo.
CBA claimed to be an independent body with no control from the GOC.
Skupina Giant Group je zato trdila, da nobena subvencija, ki jo je prejela družba, ki proizvaja podobni izdelek, ni koristila izvozu, zato jo je treba izključiti iz izračuna zneska subvencije izvozne družbe.
In support, they referred to the ‘Overall Plan for Decoupling Chambers of Commerce and Administrative Organs’ issued by the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council.
Izpodbijanje trditev
CBA also claimed that the 13th Five Year Bicycles Plan was confidential.
Obstoj in zaupnost 13. načrta za kolesa
Claims made by Giant Group
Komisija je menila, da bi kitajska vlada morala najti 13. načrt za kolesa in da se ta na podlagi naslednjih dejstev ne bi smel šteti za omejen:
Following disclosure Giant Group claimed that one of its related companies was merely producing the like product but did not export electrical bicycles to the Union.
združenje CBA je na svojem javnem spletišču objavilo sporočilo za javnost, da je bil 13. petletni načrt za kolesa uradno sprejet 14. junija 2016 (http://www.china-bicycle.com/News/View/b8da75cd-607f-4d84-8412-a487e07a0b78).
Any benefit of such subsidy granted was also not passed on to the related company that was exporting the product concerned to the Union.
Združenje CBA je v sporočilu za javnost širši javnosti razkrilo povzetek načrta: „Predsednik Ma Zhongchao je predstavil zahteve glede razvoja industrije med obdobjem ‚13. petletnega načrta‘: jedro ‚13. petletnega načrta‘ sta preobrazba in posodobitev, cilj pa je spremeniti se iz velikega v močnega z ustvaritvijo zlate priložnosti za razvoj industrije.
Giant Group thus claimed that any subsidy received by the company producing the like product did not benefit the exports and it should therefore be excluded from the calculation of the amount of subsidisation of the exporting company.
Obdobje je postalo zlato razvojno obdobje.
Claim rebuttals
V ta namen mora industrija dobro razumeti naslednje točke: prvič, razumeti mora strateško umeščenost ‚13. petletnega‘ razvoja industrije; drugič, voditi mora preobrazbo načina razvoja s preobrazbo razvojnega koncepta […].“
Existence and confidentiality of the 13th Bicycle Plan
Nasprotno, kitajska vlada je Komisijo obvestila, da načrta ni bilo mogoče najti, čeprav je bila njegova odobritev javno objavljena na spletišču združenja CBA in čeprav je bilo združenje CBA junija 2016 še vedno pod vplivom kitajske vlade, saj „Splošni načrt ločitve gospodarskih zbornic in upravnih organov“ še ni začel veljati.
The Commission considered that the 13th Bicycle Plan should have been identified by the GOC and that it should not be considered as limited based on the following facts:
Prejšnji 12. načrt za kolesa je bil javen dokument, čeprav je bil podobne narave kot 13. načrt za kolesa.
The CBA published a press release on its public website informing that the 13th Five Year Bicycle Plan was officially adopted on 14 June 2016 (http://www.china-bicycle.com/News/View/b8da75cd-607f-4d84-8412-a487e07a0b78).
Poleg tega nobeden od teh dokumentov ni vseboval nobenih podatkov o posameznih družbah.
This was also reported by other websites such as Xuenshu.com (https://www.xueshu.com/zgzxc/201607/21087310.html).
Nazadnje, združenje CBA ni predložilo dokazov o zaupnosti 13. načrta za kolesa.
In the press release, CBA disclosed a summary of the plan to the general public: ‘Chairman Ma Zhongchao put forward requirements for the development of the industry during the “13th Five-Year Plan” period: the core of the “13th Five-Year Plan” is transformation and upgrading, and the goal is to change from big to strong, and the means is to create a golden opportunity for the development of the industry.
Domnevna neodvisnost združenja CBA od kitajske vlade
The period became a golden development period.
Komisija je zbrala številne elemente, ki so pripeljali do sklepa, da je bilo združenje CBA močno povezano s kitajsko vlado, zlasti leta 2016, ko je bil načrt za kolesa odobren:
To this end, the industry needs to firmly grasp the following points: First, grasp the strategic positioning of the industry's “13th Five-Year” development; second, lead the transformation of the development mode with the transformation of the development concept […].’
Člen 3 statuta združenja CBA (javno dostopen na spletišču združenja CBA: http://www.china-bicycle.com/information/?cid=33) določa: „Namen in naloge tega združenja so: […] izvajanje nacionalne industrijske politike in zagotavljanje pomoči vladnim oddelkom pri krepitvi industrije, […] igranje vloge mostu ter vezi med vlado in podjetji, prizadevanje za delovanje v dobro podjetij, industrije in vlade ter spodbujanje trajnostnega in zdravega razvoja industrije.“ Člen 4 krepi to povezavo in določa naslednje: „Ta svet sprejema poslovne smernice in nadzor komisije državnega sveta za nadzor in upravljanje premoženja v državni lasti, ministrstva za civilne zadeve in pristojne poslovne enote družbe.“
The 13th Bicycle Plan was submitted in the open version of the Complaint and made publicly available as of 21 December 2017.
Na spletišču združenja CBA (http://www.china-bicycle.com/information/?cid=11) je navedeno: „Združenje usmerjajo in upravljajo državna uprava državnega sveta, komisija državnega sveta za upravljanje premoženja v državni lasti, Kitajsko združenje lahke industrije in uprava za registracijo podjetij ministrstva za civilne zadeve.“
However, until the verification visit held in September 2018 at the GOC premises, neither CBA nor the GOC made any claims about the confidentiality of the plan.
Komisija je na podlagi navedenega zavrnila trditve glede obstoja in zaupnosti 13. načrta za kolesa ter neodvisnosti združenja CBA.
On the contrary, the GOC informed the Commission that the plan could not be identified, despite the fact that its approval was made public on CBA's website and despite the fact that in June 2016 the CBA was still under the GOC influence, since the ‘Overall Plan for Decoupling Chambers of Commerce and Administrative Organs’ had not yet entered into force.
Kar zadeva trditev skupine Giant Group, je Komisija menila, da so vse različne pravne osebe, ki proizvajajo in prodajajo električna kolesa, del iste skupine.
The previous 12th Bicycles Plan was a public document, although having a similar nature to the 13th Bicycles Plan.
Temu skupina Giant Group ni oporekala.
Furthermore, none of these documents contained any company specific data.
Zato se je posebna vloga prejemnika (ne glede na to, ali je v obdobju preiskave neposredno izvažal zadevni izdelek) štela za nepomembno, če je bil prejemnik povezan s proizvajalcem izvoznikom in je prejel ugodnosti, povezane z izdelkom v preiskavi.
Finally, CBA did not provide any evidence on the confidential nature of the 13th Bicycle Plan.
Skupina Giant Group ni zanikala, da je dejansko prejela take ugodnosti.
Alleged independence of CBA from the GOC
Komisija je menila, da se ugodnosti, ki so jih prejele pravne osebe iste skupine, vključene v proizvodnjo in prodajo električnih koles, združijo na ravni skupine in porazdelijo, kjer je to primerno.
The Commission collected a number of elements leading to the conclusion that the CBA had a strong link to the GOC in particular during 2016, when the Bicycles Plan was approved:
Na podlagi tega je bilo treba to trditev zavrniti.
Article 3 of CBA's Articles of Association (publicly available on CBA's website: http://www.china-bicycle.com/information/?cid=33) provides that ‘The purpose and tasks of this association are: […]implement the national industrial policy and assist the government departments to strengthen the industry, […] play a role as a bridge and link between the government and enterprises, and strive to serve the enterprise, the industry, and the government, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of the industry.’
Delno nesodelovanje in uporaba razpoložljivih dejstev
Article 4 strengthens this link and provides that: ‘This Council accepts the business guidance and supervision of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council, the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the competent business unit of the society.’
Preferenčna posojila
CBA's website (http://www.china-bicycle.com/information/?cid=11) indicates that: ‘The association is guided and managed by the State Administration of the State Council, the State-owned Assets Management Committee of the State Council, the China Light Industry Association and the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the Company Registration Administration.’
Komisija je kitajsko vlado zaprosila, naj posebne vprašalnike pošlje šestim bankam v državni lasti, navedenim v pritožbi, in vsem drugim finančnim institucijam, ki so vzorčenim proizvajalcem izvoznikom zagotavljale posojila ali izvozne kredite.
The ‘Overall Plan for Decoupling Chambers of Commerce and Administrative Organs’ issued by the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council was adopted on 8 July 2015.
Kitajska vlada je zatrdila, da je stopila v stik z navedenimi finančnimi institucijami.
However, it envisages a pilot project in 2016 and the extension to other industry associations and a full entry into force only in 2017.
Kljub temu so vprašalnik izpolnile le štiri banke v državni lasti, ki so bile izrecno navedene v pritožbi.
Therefore on this basis, the Commission concluded that when the 13th Bicycle Plan was approved in 2016, CBA was under the management of the State Council and entrusted to implement government policy and could therefore not be considered as an independent body.
Kitajska vlada je navedla, da ni bila pristojna, da bi od bank v državni lasti, ki niso izpolnile vprašalnika, zahtevala informacije, saj delujejo neodvisno od nje.
Based on the above, the Commission rejected the claims relating to the existence and confidentiality of the 13th Bicycle Plan and on the independence of CBA.
Menila je tudi, da ji je Komisija naložila nerazumno breme in da so bila navodila za predložitev zahtevanih informacij in pripravo nezaupnih različic odgovorov nezadostna.
As far as Giant Group's claim is concerned, the Commission considered that the various legal entities that produce and sell electric bicycles are all part of the same group.
Komisija se s tem stališčem ni strinjala.
This was not contested by the Giant Group.
Prvič, informacije, ki so se zahtevale od subjektov v državni lasti, so kitajski vladi na voljo za vse subjekte, v katerih je kitajska vlada glavni ali večinski delničar.
Therefore, the specific role of the recipient (as directly exporting the product concerned or not during the investigation period) was considered irrelevant provided that it was related to the exporting producer and that it received benefits relating to the product under investigation.
Dejansko v skladu z zakonom Ljudske republike Kitajske o državnem premoženju v podjetjih agencije za nadzor in upravljanje premoženja v državni lasti, ki jih je ustanovila komisija državnega sveta za nadzor in upravljanje premoženja v državni lasti, in lokalne ljudske vlade v imenu vlade izvajajo naloge in odgovornosti vlagatelja kapitala v podjetja, v katera se vlaga državni kapital.
It was not contested by Giant Group that such benefits were indeed received.
Take agencije so tako upravičene do prejemanja donosa na sredstva, sodelovanja pri pomembnih odločitvah in izbiranja vodstvenih uslužbencev podjetij, v katera se vlaga državni kapital.
The Commission considered that the benefits received by the legal entities of the same group that are involved in the production and sales of electric bicycles are aggregated at group level and apportioned where relevant.
Poleg tega podjetja, v katera se vlaga državni kapital, v skladu s členom 17 zgoraj navedenega zakona o državnem premoženju sprejmejo upravljanje in nadzor s strani vlad ter ustreznih vladnih oddelkov in agencij ter javni nadzor in odgovarjajo vlagateljem kapitala.
On this basis, this claim had to be rejected.
Povrhu ima Kitajska vlada potrebna pooblastila za sodelovanje s finančnimi institucijami, tudi če niso v državni lasti, saj so vse v pristojnosti kitajskega bančnega regulativnega organa.
Partial non-cooperation and use of facts available
Na primer, v skladu s členoma 33 in 36 zakona o bančnem nadzoru lahko komisija bančnih regulatorjev Kitajske od vseh finančnih institucij s sedežem v LRK zahteva, naj predložijo informacije, kot so računovodski izkazi, statistična poročila ter informacije v zvezi s poslovanjem in upravljanjem.
Preferential lending
Komisija bančnih regulatorjev Kitajske lahko finančnim institucijam tudi naroči, naj razkrijejo informacije javnosti.
The Commission requested the GOC to forward specific questionnaires to six state-owned banks identified in the complaint as well as any other financial institution that provided loans or export credits to the sampled exporting producers.
Glede na to Komisija ne razume, zakaj kitajska vlada finančnih institucij ni zaprosila, naj izpolnijo posebni vprašalnik, ki ga je Komisija pripravila za to preiskavo.
The GOC claimed that it had contacted the above-mentioned financial institutions.
Kitajska vlada ni bila zaprošena, naj zbere, pregleda in pripravi zahtevane informacije.
However, only four state-owned banks specifically mentioned by the complainant responded to the questionnaire.
Zaprošena je bila le za pomoč Komisiji pri pridobivanju potrebnih informacij od finančnih institucij.
According to the GOC, it had no authority to demand information from the state-owned banks that did not reply to the questionnaire, as they operate independently of the GOC.
Nadalje, čeprav so sodelujoče banke v državni lasti zagotovile nekaj splošnih pojasnil o delovanju svojih sistemov odobritve posojil in obvladovanja tveganja, pa nobena od njih ni predložila posebnih informacij v zvezi s posojili, ki so jih zagotavljale vzorčenim proizvajalcem izvoznikom, češ da jih zakonske in regulativne zahteve ter pogodbene klavzule zavezujejo k zaupnosti informacij, povezanih z vzorčenimi proizvajalci izvozniki.
The GOC also considered that the Commission had imposed an unreasonable burden on it and that there was insufficient guidance as for how to submit the requested information and how to prepare the non-confidential versions of the replies.
Zato je Komisija menila, da kitajski vladi ni naložila nerazumnega bremena.
The Commission disagreed with this view.
Že na začetku je svojo preiskavo omejila na finančne institucije, ki so zagotovile posojila vzorčenim proizvajalcem izvoznikom.
First, the information requested from State-owned entities is available to the GOC for all entities where the GOC is the main or major shareholder.
Komisija je menila tudi, da je vprašalnik vseboval zadostna navodila za predložitev zahtevanih informacij in pripravo nezaupnih različic odgovorov.
Indeed, according to the Law of the People's Republic of China on State-Owned Assets of Enterprises, State-owned assets supervision and administration agencies established by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council and local people's governments perform the duties and responsibilities of the capital contributor of a State-invested enterprise on behalf of the government.
Kitajska vlada niti ni navedla, katera navodila v vprašalniku so bila domnevno nerazumljena.
Such agencies are thus entitled to receive returns on assets, to participate in major decision making and to select managerial personnel of State-invested enterprises.
Zaradi jasnosti je treba povedati, da je Komisija kitajsko vlado zaprosila le za pomoč pri pridobivanju potrebnih informacij od finančnih institucij, te pa kljub temu niso sodelovale.
Furthermore, according to Article 17 of the above mentioned Law on State-owned Assets, State-invested enterprises shall accept administration and supervision by governments and relevant governmental departments and agencies, accept public supervision, and be responsible to capital contributors.
Zato meni, da so bile zahteve do kitajske vlade razumne, navodila pa zadostna.
In addition, the GOC also has the necessary authority to interact with the financial institutions even when they are not State-owned, since they all fall under the jurisdiction of the Chinese banking regulatory authority.
Poleg tega je Komisija sodelujoče banke zaprosila, da vzorčene proizvajalce izvoznike vprašajo za dovoljenje za dostop do informacij o posameznih družbah, ki jih hranijo banke.
For example, according to Articles 33 & 36 of the Banking Supervision Law, the CBRC has the authority to require all financial institutions established in the PRC to submit information, such as financial statements, statistical reports and information concerning business operations and management.
Kljub izrecni prošnji Komisije tega ni storila ne kitajska vlada ne nobena sodelujoča banka.
The CBRC can also instruct financial institutions to disclose information to the public.
Komisija je vzorčene proizvajalce izvoznike zaprosila tudi za odobritev dostopa do informacij o posameznih družbah, ki jih hranijo vse banke, bodisi v državni lasti bodisi zasebne, od katerih so prejemali posojila.