natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The Light Industry Development Plan also lists some concrete policy measures to promote the key industries, such as electric bicycles and battery industries, as described in the next three recitals.
„Izvajati preferenčne politike ustreznih davkov in pristojbin, zmanjšati stroške podjetij za ‚pet skladov socialnega zavarovanja in en stanovanjski sklad‘, razumno prilagoditi politiko davka na potrošnjo“.
The first set of measures concerns the increase of market access reform, mainly through a simplification of the administrative steps (i.e. cancel unnecessary approvals, reduce and standardise the fees and approval process).
„Spodbujati podjetja, da povečajo naložbe v raziskave in razvoj zelenih izdelkov, pri vladnih nakupih dajati prednost izdelkom s certifikatom o zelenem izdelku“.
Moreover, the GOC lists the industries fields and business where investment is prohibited or limited (i.e. investment catalogues, see recital (126).
Namen ukrepov v tretjem sklopu je povečati podporo finančni politiki, zlasti:
The second set of measures concerns the increase of finance tax policy support:
„Izvajati finančno politiko, ki podpira razvoj srednjih in malih podjetij, dodatno raziskati finančne kanale srednjih in malih podjetij, izpopolniti sistem za zavarovanje kreditov za srednja in mala podjetja“.
‘Give full play to the leading role of the development fund for medium and small sized enterprises, lead the medium and small sized enterprises to increase the investment on technology innovation, structure adjustment, energy-conservation and emission reduction, implement various preferential policies, perfect service system for medium and small sized enterprises’.
„Pospešiti razvoj finančnih produktov in storitev za podporo podjetništvu in inovacijam med prebivalstvom na področju lahke industrije“.
‘Implement the accelerating depreciation policy for fixed assets, guide enterprises to increase investment on advanced equipment’.
„Povečati finančno podporo za tehnološko preobrazbo in posodobitev opreme podjetij“.
‘Give play to the role of special funds of cleaning production, guide the application of production technology and promotion of cleaning production technology in key industries’.
„Spodbujati bančne finančne institucije, da razvijejo posojilne storitve, ki za jamstvo uporabljajo tudi neopredmetena sredstva, vključno z lastnimi znamkami, posebnimi pravicami uporabe znamk, da bi se podprla graditev znamk na področju lahke industrije“.
‘Implement preferential policies of relevant tax and fee, reduce enterprises cost of “five social insurance and one housing fund”, reasonably adjust the policy of consumption tax’.
„Še naprej igrati vlogo financiranja politik in razvoja, podpirati finančne institucije v obliki sindiciranih posojil, izvoznih kreditov, projektnega financiranja, da se vzpostavi platforma finančnih storitev za mednarodne raziskave in razvoj, proizvodni sistem, promocijo znamk za podjetja“.
‘Encourage enterprises to increase the R&D investment of green products, give top priority to the products with green product certificate in governments purchasing’.
„Povečati podporo za zavarovanje izvoznih kreditov podjetij z uveljavljenimi znamkami, spodbujati poslovne banke, da aktivno opravlja dejavnost financiranja politike zavarovanja izvoznih kreditov“.
The third set of measures concerns the increase of financial policy support, in particular:
Načrti razvoja lahke industrije nastajajo tudi na lokalni ravni.
‘Implement the financial policy that supports the development of medium and small sized enterprises, further explore the financial channels of medium and small sized enterprises, perfect the credit guarantee system of medium and small sized enterprises’.
Tak primer je občinski načrt razvoja lahke industrije in tekstilnih izdelkov v Tianjinu za 12. petletno obdobje (2011–2015), ki je zagovarjal vzpostavitev štirih industrijskih baz v provinci na nacionalni ravni: „Mesto Tianjin zgradi bazo za proizvodnjo in izvoz koles na nacionalni ravni.
‘Accelerate the development of financial products and services to support popular entrepreneurship and innovation in light industry field’.
Z industrijskim parkom ‚Kitajsko kolesarsko kraljestvo‘ v okrožju Wuqing in industrijskim parkom za (električna) kolesa v okrožju Binhai kot jedrom bomo intenzivno razvijali predelovalne industrije (električnih) koles, nadomestnih delov itd.“.
‘Increase financial support for technology transformation and equipment update of the enterprises’.
Podobno 13. petletni načrt Tianjina za razvoj industrijskega gospodarstva določa jasne podporne cilje za industriji koles in električnih koles, vključno z industrijami nadomestnih delov, kot so:
‘Encourage banking financial institutions to develop the loan services using as guarantees also intangible assets, including: their own brands, the special rights to use the trademarks, to support brands construction in the light industry field’.
„Odločno razvijati industrijo koles“;
‘Further play the role of policy and development finance, support the financial institutions, by the mode of syndicated loan, export credit, project financing, to set up a financial service platform of international R&D, production system, brands promotion for the enterprises’.
„Pospešiti graditev značilnih industrijskih baz, vključno s […] proizvodnjo koles, v okrožjih Jinghai in Wuqing“;
‘Increase the support of export credit insurance to brand enterprises, encourage the commercial banks to actively carry out the financing business of the export credit insurance policy’.
„Pospešiti preobrazbo in posodobitev podjetij.
Light Industry Development plans are also developed at local level.
Energično izvajati strategijo znamk, usmerjati podjetja, da okrepijo tehnološke inovacije in popularizacijo izdelkov, ter krepiti in spodbujati tržne položaje konkurenčnih izdelkov, vključno s kolesi.
It is the case for the Tianjin Municipal Light Industry and Textile Development Plan for the 12th Five-Year (2011-2015), which advocated the creation of four National-level Light industrial bases in the Province: ‘The City of Tianjin shall construct a national-level bicycles production and export base.
Spodbujati priključevanje in reorganizacijo podjetij ter celovito izboljšati inovacijsko zmogljivost in dodano vrednost izdelkov pri srednjih in malih podjetjih ter zasebnih podjetjih“;
By taking the “China bicycle kingdom” industrial park in the district of Wuqing, and (electro-) bicycle industrial park in the district of Binhai as the core, we shall intensively develop the manufacturing industries of (electro-) bicycle, spare parts, etc.’.
„Pospešiti graditev posebnih parkov, vključno z industrijskimi parki za kolesa v Quqingu in Jinghalu“;
Similarly, the 13th Five Year Plan of Tianjin for Industry Economic Development sets clear support goals for the bicycle and electric bicycle industries including the parts industries, such as:
„Odločno razviti baterijo za hrambo energije“; in
‘Emphatically develop the bicycle industry’;
„Razširiti področja z razločnimi prednostmi.
‘Accelerate construction of characteristic industrial bases including […] bicycle production, in Jinghai District and Wuqing District’;
Vzeti litij-ionsko baterijo kot jedro za spodbujanje razvoja superkondenzatorja in visokozmogljive napajalne baterije“.
‘Accelerate enterprise transformation and upgrading.
Natančneje, 13. petletni načrt za industrijo koles in električnih koles (v nadaljnjem besedilu: 13. načrt za kolesa), ki ga je izdalo Kitajsko združenje za kolesa (v nadaljnjem besedilu: združenje CBA), uvršča kolesa med „nastajajoče industrije“: „Nastajajoče industrije se dvigujejo na raven nacionalne strategije, kot so nova energija, nov material, internet, ohranjanje energije in varstvo okolja ter informacijska tehnologija, zato je pri tradicionalnih industrijah vstop v srednje- in visokocenovno skupnost postal neizogiben trend.
Vigorously implement brand strategy, lead enterprises to intensify technological innovation and product popularization, and strengthen and promote the market positions of competitive products including bicycles. Promote annexation and reorganization of enterprises and comprehensively improve innovative capacity and product added value of middle and small-sized enterprises and private enterprises’;
Zlasti po tem, ko je bilo na peti plenarni seji predlagano ‚spodbujanje nizkoogljičnega razvoja prometa in prevoza ter zelenih potovanj s kolesi‘, se bodo industriji koles zagotovo ponudile nove zgodovinske priložnosti za razvoj.“
‘Accelerate the construction of featured parks, including bicycle industrial parks in Quqing and Jinghai’;
načrt za kolesa določa merljive cilje, ki naj bi jih kitajska vlada dosegla v industriji koles do leta 2020: „Prihodki iz glavnih dejavnosti nadpovprečnih podjetij v celotni industriji bodo letno povprečno rasli po 6-odstotni stopnji ter do leta 2020 presegli 200 milijard RMB.
‘Emphatically develop energy storage battery’; and
Obseg izvoza koles in nadomestnih delov bo ostal stabilen, izvoz električnih koles pa se bo močno povečal.
‘Expand areas with distinctive advantages. Take lithium-ion battery as core to promote the development of supercapacitor and high-performance power battery’.
Integracija industrije se bo še naprej krepila, prispevek vodilnih podjetij k obsegu proizvodnje pa bo presegel 50 %.
More specifically, the 13th Five Year Plan for Bicycle and Electric Bicycle Industry (‘the 13th Bicycle Plan’), issued by the China Bicycle Association (‘CBA’) includes the bicycles among the ‘emerging industries’: ‘the emerging industries have been promoted to the level of national strategy, such as, new energy, new material, internet, energy conservation and environmental protection, and information technology, so it has become an inevitable trend for traditional industries to enter the mid-end and high-end community.
Industrija bo negovala, skupaj zgradila in izboljšala 3–5 industrijskih grozdov in značilnih regij.
Especially after the Fifth Plenary Session put forward to “promote the low-carbon development of traffic and transportation and encourage the green travel by bicycle”, the bicycle industry will certainly enjoy the new historic opportunities for development.’
Delež srednje- in visokocenovnih koles in električnih koles na litijevo baterijo se bo vsako leto povečal.“
The 13th Bicycle Plan sets measurable goals to be attained by the GOC by 2020 in the bicycle industry: ‘the revenue from main businesses of the above-scale enterprises in the whole industry will achieve the annual average growth rate 6 %, and exceed RMB 200 billion by 2020.
Poleg tega 13. načrt za kolesa predvideva, da bosta „zgrajeni ena ali dve mednarodno znani znamki“.
The export scale of bicycles and spare parts will keep stable and the export of electric bicycles will be dramatically increased.
Poleg obstoječih nagrad, ki so jih proizvajalci električnih koles že pridobili (npr. znana kitajska znamka, uveljavljena kitajska znamka, sistem za razvoj znamk v lahki industriji, izjemna znamka iz lahke industrije in priznanje za podjetje, ki kaže razvoj industrijske znamke), načrt predvideva tudi izboljšanje „sistema za razvoj znamk“ ter izvedbo „kvantifikacije in ocene vrednosti znamke“.
The industry integration will be further strengthened, and the contribution of leading enterprises to the output volume will exceed 50 %.
Prav tako je ena glavnih nalog iz 13. načrta za kolesa „nadaljevati spodbujanje razvoja raznovrstnih, oznamčenih in visokocenovnih koles v industriji ter postopoma povečati delež ljudi, ki potujejo s kolesom, in delež srednje- ter visokocenovnih koles; ustvariti lahka pametna električna kolesa na litijevo baterijo ter nenehno izboljševati tržni delež koles na litijevo baterijo in delež izvoza električnih koles“.
The industry will nurture, jointly construct and improve 3-5 industry clusters and characteristic regions.
Poleg tega 13. načrt za kolesa kot glavni cilj navaja tudi povečanje „deleža izvoza neodvisnih znamk električnih koles in njihovih pravic glede oblikovanja cen“.
The proportion of mid-end and high-end bicycle and lithium battery electric bicycle will increase year.’
Katalog naložbenih projektov, za katere sta potrebna vladna preveritev in odobritev kitajske vlade, kaže na povečano dajanje prednosti vozilom na alternativne vire energije, vključno z električnimi kolesi: „Proizvodna zmogljivost, ki povečuje število vozil, ki jih poganjajo tradicionalna goriva, se strogo nadzoruje tako, da se graditev pri novih proizvajalcih vozil, ki jih poganjajo tradicionalna goriva, praviloma ne bo preverjala in odobravala.
Furthermore, the 13th Bicycle Plan envisages that ‘one to two international famous brands will be built’.
Prizadevati si je treba za aktivno usmerjanje zdravega in urejenega razvoja vozil na alternativne vire energije.“
Beside the existing awards already obtained by electric bicycles producers (e.g. China Famous Brand, China Well-known Trademark, Light Industry Brand Cultivation System, Advantageous Light Industry Brand and Industry Brand Cultivation Demonstration Enterprise recognition) the plan also envisages to improve the ‘Brand Cultivation System’ and carry out the ‘Brand Value Quantification and Assessment’.
Po drugi strani je kitajska vlada mopede na gorivo uvrstila na seznam „zastarelih izdelkov“ v Katalogu za usmerjanje prestrukturiranja industrije (različica iz leta 2011, sprememba iz leta 2013).
Also, one of the main tasks listed in 13th Bicycle Plan is to ‘Continue promoting the development of diverse, branded and high-end bicycles in the industry, and gradually increase the proportion of people travelling by bicycle and the proportion of mid-end and high-end bicycles; realize the lightweight, lithium battery and smart electric bicycles, and constantly improve the market share of lithium battery bicycles and the export proportion of electric bicycles’.
Prizadevanja kitajske vlade pa niso omejena na električna kolesa, temveč zajemajo tudi njihove dele, in sicer motorje, krmilno enoto in baterije.
In addition, the 13th Bicycle Plan also lists the enhancement of ‘the export proportion and pricing rights of independent brands of electric bicycles’ as a main goal.
načrt za kolesa je izrecno vzpostavil povezavo med razvojem električnih koles in njihovih delov, saj priporoča: „Nenehno širjenje uporabe aluminijeve zlitine, magnezijeve zlitine, titanove zlitine in drugih lahkih zlitin, ogljikovih vlaken in drugih kompozitov v končanih kolesih in delih.
In the Catalogue of Investment Projects subject to Government Verification and Approval GOC signals an increased prioritisation of alternative energy vehicles, including electric bicycles: ‘Production capacity that increases the number of traditional fuel-powered vehicles shall be strictly controlled such that in principle new manufacturers of traditional fuel-powered vehicles shall no longer be verified and approved for construction.
Povečanje zmožnosti neodvisne izdelave celotnih koles z izboljšanjem kakovosti in ravni delov.
Efforts shall be made to actively guide the healthy and orderly development of alternative energy vehicles.’
Dodatno izboljšanje celovitega delovanja štirih glavnih električnih delov, in sicer krmilnika, baterije, motorja in polnilnika, da se razvije učinkovit, energijsko varčen, varen in zanesljiv električni sistem električnega kolesa“.
However, the efforts of the GOC are not limited to the electric bicycles but also embrace their parts, namely engines, control unit and batteries.
Spodbujanje in uporaba visokotrdnih in lahkih materialov“;
The 13th Bicycle Plan explicitly established the link between the development of electric bicycles and their parts, by recommending to ‘Continuously expand the application of aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, titanium alloy and other light alloys, carbon fiber and other composites in the finished bicycles and parts. Improve the ability to making complete bicycles independently through enhancing the quality and level of parts. Further better the comprehensive performance of four major electric components, namely, controller, battery, motor and charger, with an aim to develop the efficient, energy-saving, safe and reliable electric system of electric bicycle’.
Tehnologija precizne obdelave sestavnih delov prenosa moči v kolesu“;
In addition, the 13th Bicycle Plan envisages that during the ‘13th five-year’ period, ‘breakthroughs will be achieved in the following key technologies’:
Celovito izboljšanje delovanja električnega krmilnega sistema v električnem kolesu“;
Precision processing technology of transmission components in bicycle’;
Uporaba in spodbujanje tehnologije zaznavanja navora“;
Comprehensive performance improvement of electric control system in electric bicycle’;
Uporaba in spodbujanje digitalne tehnologije, tehnologije interneta stvari in inteligentne tehnologije“.
Comprehensive performance improvement of lead-acid battery and lithium-ion battery’;
Povezava med razvojem električnih koles in njihovih delov je bila že vzpostavljena v 12. petletnem načrtu za industrijo koles in električnih koles.
Application and promotion of torque sensing technology’;
V dokumentu se obsežno omenjata integracija „proizvodnih verig“ ter potreba po „pospešitvi raziskav in razvoja ključne tehnologije, skupne industrijam“.
Application and promotion of digital technology, internet of things technology and intelligent technology’.
Natančneje, 12. načrt za kolesa med glavnimi cilji razvoja industrije v 12. petletnem obdobju navaja:
The link between the development of electric bicycles and their parts was already set in the 12th Five Year Plan for Bicycles and Electric Bicycles industry.
„nadaljnjo krepitev integracije industrije“;
The document extensively refers to the integration of ‘production chains’ and the need to ‘speed up the research and development of industry common key technology’.
„vzpostavitev profesionalnega oddelka za mehanizem dela višje in nižje v verigi, nadomestne dele za končana vozila in proizvodnjo, učenje ter raziskave“.
More specifically, the 12th Bicycles Plan lists among the main goals of the industry development during the 12th Five-Year Period:
„uporabo litij-ionske baterije“;
‘the industry integration will be further strengthened’;
„uporabo trajnega magneta, hitrih električnih strojev s ščetkami v električnih kolesih“;
‘a professional division of labor mechanism with upstream and downstream, spare parts of finished vehicles and production, learning and research will be formed’.
„uporabo tehnologije mikroračunalniškega krmiljenja v električnih kolesih“.
The 12th Bicycles Plan also lists the key technological innovations to be achieved during the 12th Five Year period.
petletni načrt v poglavju 23 izrecno omenja podporo kitajske vlade razvoju „visokoučinkovite hrambe energije“ (glej tudi uvodno izjavo 97).
These include, inter alia,
Načrt razvoja lahke industrije (2016–2020) med „ključnimi industrijami“ navaja tudi industrijo baterij.
‘the application of lithium ion battery’;
Poleg splošnih ukrepov politik, obravnavanih v uvodnih izjavah 96 do 107, načrt priporoča tudi izvajanje „specifikacij industrije svinčevih baterij“.
‘the application of permanent magnet, high-speed and brush electric machines in electric bicycles’;
Občinski načrt razvoja lahke industrije in tekstilnih izdelkov v Tianjinu za 13. petletno obdobje (2016–2020) vzpostavlja povezavo med podporo proizvodnji električnih koles in njihovih delov: „Spodbujali bomo uporabo novih materialov, vključno s kompozitnimi materiali ter lahkolegiranim in nizkolegiranim jeklom, v proizvodnji koles in električnih koles.
‘the application of microcomputer control technology in electric bicycles’.
Spodbujali bomo uporabo tehnike mikroračunalniškega krmiljenja, novih energijskih baterij ter učinkovitih električnih strojev in električnih baterij.“
A further indication of subordination of the development of upstream components to the development of the downstream industry of electric bicycles can be retrieved in the Notice of the Suzhou Municipal Government General Office of circulating the Administrative Measures on the Special Fund of the Municipal Industry and Economic Upgrading (SU FU BAN 2014-137) and the related Notice on application for year 2016 Suzhou Municipal Fiscal Special Fund Program.
Deli koles ter zlasti baterije in lahke kovine za okvire so del seznama „spodbujanih industrij“ v Katalogu smernic za industrije s tujimi naložbami (revidirano leta 2017).
In particular, Article A3.1 of the latter lists among the conditions to obtain the grant: ‘The products have features like great market potential, high driving force and “filling the gap” in the industrial chain.’
Seznam zajema zlasti naslednje:
The 13th Five Year Plan explicitly refers to the GOC support to the development of ‘high-efficiency energy storage’ in Chapter 23 (see also recital (97)).
Razvoj in raziskave ter izdelava novih materialov za letalsko, vesoljsko, avtomobilsko industrijo in industrijo motornih koles, ki so lahki in do okolja prijazni (posebni materiali iz aluminijeve zlitine, zlitine aluminija in magnezija, okvir motornega kolesa iz aluminijeve zlitine itd.)“.
The Light Industry Development Plan (2016-2020), also lists the battery industry among the ‘key industries’.
Visokotehnološka izdelava zelenih baterij: napajalnih nikelj-kovinsko-hidridnih baterij, cink-nikljevih baterij, cink-srebrnih baterij, litij-ionskih baterij, sončnih celic, gorivnih celic itd. (razen za vozila na pogon z novimi viri energije, baterije, ki se napajajo z novimi viri energije)“.
Beside the general policy measures discussed in recitals (96) to (107), the plan recommends as well the implementation of the ‘Specifications of Lead Battery Industry’.
Podobno Katalog prednostnih industrij za tuje naložbe v srednji in zahodni Kitajski spodbuja tuje naložbe v industrijo, povezano z deli električnih koles, kar zajema: (i) proizvodnjo materialov in izdelkov iz aluminijeve zlitine, (ii) proizvodnjo servomotorjev in pogonskih naprav, (iii) raziskave in razvoj ter izdelavo posebne opreme za proizvodnjo litijevih baterij in drugih litijevih izdelkov, (iv) razvoj in izdelavo lahkih materialov, kot so visokotrdni materiali.
The Tianjin Municipal Light Industry and Textile Development Plan for the 13th Five-Year (2016-2020) makes the link between the support to the electric bicycle production and their parts: ‘We shall promote application of new materials including composite materials, light alloy, low alloy steel in production of bicycles and electric bicycles.
Litijeve baterije so del „spodbujanega“ seznama iz Kataloga za usmerjanje prestrukturiranja industrije (sprememba iz leta 2013, različica iz leta 2011) (izdan z odlokom št. 9 Komisije za nacionalni razvoj in reforme).
We shall propel application of microcomputer control technique, newly energetic batteries and efficient electrical machines in electrical batteries.’
Industrija električnih koles je kot strateška, prednostna in/ali spodbujana industrija opredeljena tudi v naslednjih dokumentih:
Bicycles parts and in specific battery and light metals for frames are part of the list of ‘encouraged industries’ in the Catalogue of the Guidance of Foreign Investment Industries (Revised 2017).
Made in China 2025 državnega sveta (sklep št. 28 iz leta 2005) v svoja vodilna načela vključuje „zeleni razvoj“.
In particular, the list includes:
Dokument navaja strateške naloge, ki jih je treba izvesti do leta 2025, vključno s krepitvijo „prizadevanj na področju raziskav in razvoja napredne energijsko varčne tehnologije in okoljevarstvene tehnologije, procesov in opreme“, krepitvijo „raziskav in razvoja zelenih izdelkov, posplošitvijo tehnik za izdelavo lahkih izdelkov, majhno porabo energije in preprosto predelavo, nenehnim spodbujanjem energijske učinkovitosti končnih izdelkov, ki rabijo energijo, vključno z motorji, kotli, motorji z notranjim zgorevanjem in električnimi aparati, […] in energičnim spodbujanjem zelenega in nizkoogljičnega razvoja industrije novih materialov, industrije novih virov energije, industrije visokocenovne opreme […]“.