natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Replacement tyres may be sold directly to end-users or through related or unrelated distributors which will then resell to the end-users.
Glavna prodajna kanala sta prodaja distributerjem, ki jih prodajo naprej lastnikom flot, ali neposredna prodaja lastnikom flot, občasno skupaj s storitvami (kontrola, vzdrževanje, servisiranje).
Main sales channels are sales to distributors who resell them to fleet owners or direct sales to fleet owners sometimes alongside services (control, maintenance, services).
Na ceno, ki so jo stranke pripravljene plačati za pnevmatike za tovornjake in avtobuse, lahko vpliva tudi znamka.
Branding also influences the price customers are willing to pay for lorry and bus tyres.
Znamke so pogosto povezane z zaznano kakovostjo in storitvami, kar še bolj velja za pnevmatike višje kakovosti.
Brands are often linked with perceived quality and service, and more for higher quality tyres.
Medsebojna povezava med novimi in protektiranimi pnevmatikami
Interconnection between new and retreaded tyres
Komisija je ugotovila, da so glavni proizvajalci Unije večinoma dejavni v prvem in drugem razredu, katerega pnevmatike so zasnovane tako, da imajo dolgo življenjsko dobo in jih je mogoče protektirati.
The Commission determined that the main Union producers concentrated in tiers 1 and 2, where tyres were/are designed to have a long life cycle and to be retreadable.
To upravičuje občutno višje cene (in stopnje dobička) za pričakovane visoke zmogljivosti pnevmatik prvega in drugega razreda.
That justified significantly higher prices (and profit margins) for expected high performances for tiers 1 and 2 tyres.
Dejansko je preiskava pokazala, da večji proizvajalci Unije dejavno tržijo možnost protektiranja njihovih pnevmatik kot način za ustvarjanje lojalnosti znamki in razlikovanje od cenejšega uvoza pnevmatik tretjega razreda.
In fact, the investigation showed that the larger Union producers actively market retreadability of their tyres as a way to create brand loyalty and distinguish themselves from lower-priced imports of tier 3 tyres.
Kot taka je preiskava pokazala, da velik del vrednosti, pripisane pnevmatikam prvega in drugega razreda, dejansko izvira iz obstoja industrije protektiranja iz tretjega razreda.
As such, the investigation has shown that a large part of the value attributed to tiers 1 and 2 tyres originate, in fact, from the existence of the retreading industry in tier 3.
Zaradi visoke zamenljivosti protektiranih in novih pnevmatik pa je tretji razred tudi najbolj občutljiv na kitajski uvoz zadevnega izdelka po nizkih cenah.
The high interchangeability of retreaded and new tyres, however, makes tier 3 also the most vulnerable to low-priced Chinese imports of the product concerned.
To velja zlasti ob upoštevanju, da se uporabniki zavedajo, da se, kar zadeva zmogljivost, protektirane pnevmatike in nove pnevmatike nizke kakovosti bistveno ne razlikujejo.
This is true in particular when considering that the users are aware that, performance-wise, retreaded and low-quality new tyres are not significantly distinguishable.
Zaradi te zamenljivosti pa je cena odločilni dejavnik, kadar se stranka odloča, ali bi kupila protektirane pnevmatike ali nove pnevmatike tretjega razreda.
That interchangeability in turn, establishes price as the determining factor in the customer's decision to purchase a retreaded or tier 3 new tyres.
Komisija poziva zainteresirane strani, da predložijo pripombe o predhodni oceni in zagotovijo informacije, ki podpirajo to analizo ali ji nasprotujejo, da bi oblikovali čim bolj popolno sliko v končni fazi te preiskave.
The Commission invites interested parties to comment on the preliminary assessment and to provide information supporting or contradicting that analysis so as to arrive at as complete a picture as possible at the final stage of this investigation.
Uvoz iz zadevne države
Volume and market share of the imports from the country concerned
Komisija je obseg uvoza določila na podlagi podatkov Eurostata.
The Commission established the volume of imports on the basis of Eurostat.
Tržni delež uvoza je bil določen na podlagi potrošnje Unije iz preglednice 1.
The market share of the imports was established on the basis of the Union consumption in Table 1.
Uvoz iz zadevne države v Unijo se je gibal na naslednji način:
Imports into the Union from the country concerned developed as follows:
Preglednica 2
Table 2
Obseg uvoza (v kosih) in tržni delež
Import volume (in items) and market share
Vir: Eurostatova podatkovna zbirka COMEXT.
Source: Eurostat Comext
Obseg uvoza iz PRC (v kosih)
Volume of imports from PRC (in items)
Tržni delež (%)
Market share (%)
Na podlagi podatkov Eurostata se je obseg uvoza iz LRK v obravnavanem obdobju povečal za 32 %, in sicer s približno 3,5 milijona pnevmatik v letu 2014 na približno 4,6 milijona pnevmatik v obdobju preiskave.
On the basis of Eurostat, the import volumes from the PRC increased by 32 % during the period considered, from around 3,5 million tyres in 2014 to around 4,6 million tyres in the investigation period.
To je na rastočem trgu povzročilo povečanje tržnega deleža kitajskega uvoza s 17,1 % na 21,3 %.
This resulted in an increase of the market share of Chinese imports, in a growing market, from 17,1 % to 21,3 %.
Cene uvoza iz zadevne države
Prices of the imports from the country concerned
Komisija je cene uvoza določila na podlagi podatkov Eurostata.
The Commission established the prices of imports on the basis of Eurostat.
Nelojalno nižanje prodajnih cen uvoza je bilo ugotovljeno na podlagi podatkov vzorčenih kitajskih proizvajalcev izvoznikov.
Price undercutting of the imports was established on the basis of the sampled Chinese exporting producers.
Povprečna cena uvoza iz zadevne države v Unijo se je gibala na naslednji način:
The average price of imports into the Union from the country concerned developed as follows:
Preglednica 3
Table 3
Uvozne cene (v EUR/kos)
Import prices (EUR/item)
LRK
PRC
V obravnavanem obdobju so se cene kitajskega uvoza v Unijo znižale za 11 %.
Over the period considered the Chinese imports prices into the Union decreased by 11 %.
Nelojalno nižanje prodajnih cen
Price undercutting
Komisija je nelojalno nižanje prodajnih cen v obdobju preiskave določila tako, da je primerjala:
The Commission determined the price undercutting during the investigation period by comparing:
tehtane povprečne prodajne cene vzorčenih proizvajalcev Unije za posamezno vrsto izdelka in segment, zaračunane nepovezanim strankam na trgu Unije in prilagojene na raven cene franko tovarna, ter
the weighted average sales prices per product type and segment of the sampled Union producers charged to unrelated customers on the Union market, adjusted to an ex-works level; and
ustrezno tehtano povprečje cen za posamezno uvoženo vrsto izdelka in segment vzorčenih kitajskih proizvajalcev izvoznikov, zaračunanih prvi neodvisni stranki na trgu Unije in določenih na podlagi CIF (stroški, zavarovanje in prevoznina) z ustreznimi prilagoditvami za carine in stroške po uvozu.
the corresponding weighted average prices per product type and segment of the imports from the sampled Chinese exporting producers to the first independent customer on the Union market, established on a cost, insurance, freight (CIF) basis, with appropriate adjustments for customs duties and post-importation costs.
Primerjava cen je bila izvedena za vsako vrsto transakcije posebej na isti ravni trgovine in po morebitni ustrezni prilagoditvi ter odbitku rabatov in popustov.
The price comparison was made on a type-by-type basis for transactions at the same level of trade, duly adjusted where necessary, and after deduction of rebates and discounts.
Rezultat primerjave je bil izražen kot odstotek prihodkov od prodaje vzorčenih proizvajalcev Unije v obdobju preiskave.
The result of the comparison was expressed as a percentage of the sampled Union producers' turnover during the investigation period.
Pokazal je tehtano povprečno stopnjo nelojalnega nižanja prodajnih cen od 21 % do 31 % uvoza zadevnega izdelka iz zadevne države na trg Unije.
It showed a weighted average undercutting margin of between 21 % and 31 % by the imports of the product concerned from the country concerned on the Union market.
Poleg tega je bila ugotovljena precejšnja tehtana povprečna stopnja nelojalnega nižanja v vseh treh razredih, in sicer: 24 % za prvi in drugi razred ter od 21 % do 31 % za tretji razred.
Moreover, the weighted average undercutting margin in the three tiers was found to be significant: 24 % for tiers 1 and 2 and between 21 % and 31 % for tier 3.
Visoka raven nelojalnega nižanja kaže na znaten učinek dampinga v tem primeru.
The substantial level of undercutting demonstrates the pronounced effect of dumping in this case.
Gospodarski položaj industrije Unije
General remarks
V skladu s členom 3(5) osnovne uredbe je preiskava učinka dampinškega uvoza na industrijo Unije vključevala proučitev vseh gospodarskih kazalnikov, ki so vplivali na stanje industrije Unije v obravnavanem obdobju.
In accordance with Article 3(5) of the basic Regulation, the examination of the impact of the dumped imports on the Union industry included an evaluation of all economic indicators having a bearing on the state of the Union industry during the period considered.
Kot je navedeno v uvodnih izjavah 19 do 27, je bilo vzorčenje uporabljeno za ugotavljanje morebitne škode, ki jo je utrpela industrija Unije.
As mentioned in recitals (19) to (27), sampling was used for the determination of possible injury suffered by the Union industry.
Komisija je za določitev škode razlikovala med makro- in mikroekonomskimi kazalniki škode.
For the injury determination, the Commission distinguished between macroeconomic and microeconomic injury indicators.
Komisija je makroekonomske kazalnike ocenila na podlagi podatkov iz pritožbe, Eurostatovih statističnih podatkov in navedb združenja ETRMA, kakor je bilo ustrezno, tako da je zagotovila, da so se podatki nanašali na vse proizvajalce Unije.
The Commission evaluated the microeconomic indicators on the basis of data contained in the questionnaire replies from the sampled Union producers and the submission of ETRMA.
Podatki so se nanašali na vzorčene proizvajalce Unije.
The data related to the sampled Union producers.
Za oba sklopa podatkov je bilo ugotovljeno, da sta reprezentativna za gospodarski položaj industrije Unije.
Both sets of data were found to be representative of the economic situation of the Union industry.
Makroekonomski kazalniki so: proizvodnja, proizvodna zmogljivost, izkoriščenost zmogljivosti, obseg prodaje, tržni delež, rast, zaposlenost, produktivnost in višina stopnje dampinga.
The macroeconomic indicators are: production, production capacity, capacity utilisation, sales volume, market share, growth, employment, productivity, magnitude of the dumping margin.
Mikroekonomski kazalniki so: povprečne cene na enoto, stroški na enoto, stroški dela, zaloge, dobičkonosnost, denarni tok, naložbe, donosnost naložb in zmožnost zbiranja kapitala.
The microeconomic indicators are: average unit prices, unit costs, labour costs, inventories, profitability, cash flow, investments, return on investments, and ability to raise capital.
V zvezi z metodologijo za analizo kazalnikov škode se pojavljata dve opombi.
There are two remarks concerning the methodology for the analysis of the injury indicators.
Zato je Komisija sklenila, da bo ponderirala rezultate vzorčenih proizvajalcev Unije v skladu s tržnim deležem vsake kategorije podjetij.
As mentioned in recital (23), the Union producers are composed of two categories of companies in terms of size: large companies and SMEs (highly fragmented), representing 85 % and 15 % respectively of the total Union sales of the Union producers in 2016.
Ker so MSP dejavna samo v segmentu tretjega razreda, je bila neposredna posledica te prilagoditve povečanje deleža prodaje tretjega razreda v okviru podatkov vzorčenih proizvajalcev Unije.
However, as a result of the sampling of the Union producers, the sales data of the sampled SMEs represented around 4 % of the total Union sales of sampled Union producers.
Poleg tega je skupna prodaja proizvajalcev Unije v treh razredih obsegala naslednje deleže: prvi razred: 51 %, drugi razred: 23 % in tretji razred: 26 %.
Therefore, the Commission decided to weight the results of the sampled Union producers in accordance with the market share of each category of companies.
Vendar pa podatki o prodaji vzorčenih proizvajalcev Unije tudi po prilagoditvi, opisani v uvodni izjavi 161, niso odražali dejanskega deleža prodaje Unije v posameznem razredu.
As SMEs are active only in tier 3 segment, this adjustment had as a direct consequence to increase the share of tier 3 sales within the set of data originating from the sampled Union producers.
Zato je Komisija sklenila, da bo ponderirala rezultate vzorčenih proizvajalcev Unije v skladu z deležem vsakega razreda v skupni prodaji proizvajalcev Unije, da bi tako zagotovila ustrezno zastopanost vsakega od treh razredov v skladu z njegovim deležem v skupni prodaji Unije v vseh mikrokazalnikih.
Moreover, the total Union sales of the Union producers were split between the three tiers in the following proportion: tier 1: 51 %, tier 2: 23 % and tier 3: 26 %.
Več strank je navedlo, da je treba, če Komisija izvaja segmentacijo glede na tri razrede, tudi škodo določiti na ravni razredov.
However, the Union sales data of the sampled Union producers, even after the adjustment described in recital (161), did not reflect the real proportion of Union sales per tier.
Zlasti je bilo treba na podlagi razredov oceniti stanje industrije Unije ter vpliv uvoza, tj. oceniti je treba na primer vpliv uvoza drugega razreda (tako iz Kitajske kot iz drugih držav) na proizvajalce Unije iz drugega razreda.
Therefore, the Commission decided to weight the results of the sampled Union producers in accordance with the share of each tier in the total Union sales of the Union producers to ensure that the three tiers were represented according to their share in the total Union sales in all micro-indicators.
Komisija je menila, da imajo kljub segmentaciji trga Unije pnevmatike, kot so opredeljene v uvodni izjavi 78, enake osnovne fizikalne, kemične in tehnične lastnosti ter so zamenljive.
Several parties submitted that if the Commission follows the segmentation by the three tiers the determination of injury needs to be carried out also at the level of tiers.
Zato je bila škoda za zadevni izdelek določena v skladu s protidampinškim sporazumom STO.
In particular, the status of the Union industry as well as the impact of imports needed to be evaluated on a tier basis, for example the impact of tier 2 imports (both Chinese and from other countries) need to be assessed on tier 2 Union producers.
Pritožbeni organ STO je zlasti ugotovil, da „če preiskovalni organi preiščejo en del domače industrije, morajo načeloma na podoben način preiskati vse ostale dele te industrije, kakor tudi industrijo kot celoto“.
The Commission considered that despite the segmentation of the Union market, the tyres as defined in recital (78) share the same basic physical, chemical and technical characteristics and are interchangeable.
Zato je v skladu s pravom STO analiza po segmentih mogoča, vendar jo mora spremljati analiza celotne industrije.
Consequently, the determination of injury was done for the product concerned in compliance with the WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement.
Podobno je Splošno sodišče sprejelo, da se lahko analiza škode osredotoči na razred, na katerega je najbolj vplival dampinški uvoz.
In particular, the Appellate Body's found that ‘where investigating authorities undertake an examination of one part of a domestic industry, they should, in principle, examine, in like manner, all of the other parts that make up that industry, as well as examine the industry as a whole’.
Komisija je zato opravila analizo nekaterih kazalnikov na ravni razredov.
Therefore, a segmental analysis is possible under WTO law, but it has to be accompanied by an analysis of the whole industry.
Kot je prikazano v uvodnih izjavah 212 do 216, ta analiza potrjuje, da je utrpela škodo industrija Unije na splošno ter da se trendi za zadevni izdelek, obravnavani v celoti, v glavnem ujemajo s trendi, obravnavanimi ločeno po razredih.
Similarly, the General Court accepted that the injury analysis may focus on the tier most affected by dumped imports.
Gospodarski položaj industrije Unije je analiziran na zbirni osnovi in v primeru nekaterih mikroekonomskih kazalnikov tudi na ravni razredov glede na segmentacijo trga Unije.
The Commission conducted hence the analysis of certain indicators at the tier level.
Makroekonomski kazalniki
As shown in recitals (212) to (216), this analysis confirms that overall the Union industry suffered injury and that the trends for the product concerned considered as a whole in general correspond to those for the tiers considered separately.
Proizvodnja, proizvodna zmogljivost in izkoriščenost zmogljivosti
The economic situation of the Union industry is analysed on an aggregated basis and, in certain microeconomic indicators, also at the level of tiers given the Union market segmentation.
Ocenjena celotna proizvodnja, proizvodna zmogljivost in izkoriščenost zmogljivosti Unije so se v obravnavanem obdobju gibale na naslednji način:
Production, production capacity and capacity utilisation
Vir: ETRMA, Eurostatova podatkovna zbirka COMEXT za podatke o uvozu in izvozu ter informacije, ki jih je predložil pritožnik
The estimated total Union production, production capacity and capacity utilisation developed over the period considered as follows:
Obseg proizvodnje (v kosih)
Table 4
Zmogljivost proizvodnje (v kosih)
Source: ETRMA, Eurostat Comext for import and export data and information submitted by the complainant
Izkoriščenost zmogljivosti (%)
Production volume (in items)
Kot je prikazano v preglednici 4, je bila proizvodnja še naprej razmeroma stabilna, pri čemer je bilo v obdobju preiskave proizvedenega 20,9 milijona enot, medtem ko se je v istem obdobju izkoriščenost zmogljivosti povečala za 9 odstotnih točk.
Production capacity (in items)
Glavni razlog za boljšo izkoriščenost zmogljivosti se lahko pripiše samo znatnemu zmanjšanju proizvodnih zmogljivosti za 10 %.
Capacity utilisation (%)
To se je nanašalo zlasti na dejavnosti protektiranja, saj je v obravnavanem obdobju vsaj 85 MSP, ki se nahajajo v skoraj vseh državah članicah, prenehalo proizvodnjo protektiranih pnevmatik, prav tako pa tudi na zaprtje podrejenih družb velikih družb.
As shown in the Table 4, production remained relatively stable, with 20,9 million units in the investigation period, while the capacity utilisation rate increased 9 percentage points over the same period.
Trend upadanja proizvodnje Unije in zapiranja družb je v nasprotju z naraščajočo potrošnjo v Uniji po krizi, od katere bi lahko imela korist industrija Unije.
The main cause of the increase in capacity utilisation can only be attributed to the significant decrease in production capacity by 10 %.
Obseg prodaje in tržni delež
That concerned mainly the retreading activity as during the period considered, at least 85 SMEs located in virtually all Member States stopped producing retreading tyres but also the closure of subsidiaries of large companies.
Obseg prodaje in tržni delež industrije Unije sta se v obravnavanem obdobju gibala na naslednji način:
The flat trend of the Union production and the closure of companies are in contrast with the post-crisis growing consumption in the Union from which the Union industry could have benefited.
Preglednica 5
Sales volume and market share
Vir: Združenje ETRMA in Eurostatova podatkovna zbirka COMEXT za podatke o uvozu.
The Union industry's sales volume and market share developed over the period considered as follows:
Celotni obseg prodaje na trgu Unije (v kosih)
Table 5
Na rastočem trgu je prodaja v Uniji v obravnavanem obdobju ostala stabilna.
Source: ETRMA and Eurostat Comext for import data
To pomeni zmanjšanje tržnega deleža za 5,2 odstotne točke (z 72,0 % na 66,8 %), medtem ko se je obseg prodaje kitajskih dampinških pnevmatik povečal za 1,1 milijona pnevmatik.
Total sales volume on the Union market (in items)
Rast (169) Potrošnja Unije se je v obravnavanem obdobju povečala za 6,6 %.
In a growing market, sales in the Union remained stable over the period considered.
Obseg prodaje industrije Unije se je kljub naraščajoči potrošnji zmanjšal za 1 %, zaradi česar je industrija Unije izgubila tržni delež.
This results in a decrease by 5,2 percentage points of market share (from 72,0 % to 66,8 %) while sales volume of Chinese dumped tyres increased by 1,1 million of tyres.
Tržni delež uvoza iz zadevne države se je v obravnavanem obdobju povečal.
The Union consumption increased by 6,6 % during the period considered.
Zaposlenost in produktivnost sta se v obravnavanem obdobju gibali na naslednji način:
The sales volumes of the Union industry decreased by 1 % in spite of the growing consumption, which resulted in the Union industry losing market share.
Preglednica 6
The market share of the imports of the country concerned increased during the period considered.
Vir: Preverjeni podatki iz izpolnjenih vprašalnikov vzorčenih proizvajalcev Unije ter navedbe dobaviteljev tekalnih plasti in združenja EMTRA.
Employment and productivity developed over the period considered as follows:
Produktivnost (v enotah/zaposlenega)
Table 6
V obravnavanem obdobju je bilo neposredno izgubljenih več kot 4200 delovnih mest, vpliv pa je bil zaznan tako pri MSP, od katerih je vsaj 85 proizvajalcev Unije prenehalo proizvodnjo, kot pri velikih družbah, ki so zaprle nekatere tovarne.
Source: Verified questionnaire replies of the sampled Union producers and submissions from tread suppliers and ETRMA.
Poleg tega je italijansko združenje za protektiranje (v nadaljnjem besedilu: AIRP) trdilo, da sektor protektiranja v Uniji obsega približno 13000 delovnih mest v produkciji in distribuciji.
Number of employees
Dejavnost protektiranja je precej delovno intenzivna, s protektiranimi pnevmatikami pa se podpira od tri do štirikrat več delovnih mest kot z novimi pnevmatikami.
Productivity (unit/employee)
Po navedbah AIRP več družb iz združenja trenutno zmanjšuje število zaposlenih ali v zelo veliki meri uporablja sklade za zavarovanje za primer brezposelnosti.
There were over 4200 direct jobs lost over the period considered and affecting both SMEs where at least 85 producers located throughout the Union have stopped production and the large companies which have shut down several plants.
Hkrati se je produktivnost povečala s 539 enot na zaposlenega v letu 2014 na 610 enot na zaposlenega v obdobju preiskave.
Moreover, the Italian association of retreaders (‘AIRP’) claimed that the retreading sector in the Union accounts for around 13000 jobs for production and distribution.
Višina stopnje dampinga
Retreading activity is a rather labour intensive activity and a retreaded tyre supports 3 to 4 times the number of jobs of a new tyre.
Vse stopnje dampinga so bile znatno višje od stopnje de minimis.
According to AIRP, several companies associated are currently reducing personnel or making a massive use of unemployment insurance funds.
Višina dejanskih stopenj dampinga glede na obseg in cene uvoza iz zadevne države je znatno vplivala na industrijo Unije.
In parallel, productivity developed from 539 units per employee in 2014 to 610 units per employee in the investigation period.
To je prva protidampinška preiskava zadevnega izdelka v Uniji.
Magnitude of the dumping margin
Zato ni bilo na voljo nobenih podatkov za oceno učinkov morebitnega preteklega dampinga.
The impact of the magnitude of the actual margins of dumping on the Union industry was substantial, given the volume and prices of imports from the country concerned.
Cene in dejavniki, ki vplivajo nanje
This is the first anti-dumping investigation regarding the product concerned in the Union.
Povprečje prodajnih cen na enoto vzorčenih proizvajalcev Unije za nepovezane stranke v Uniji se je v obravnavanem obdobju gibalo na naslednji način:
Therefore, no data were available to assess the effects of possible past dumping.
Preglednica 7
Microeconomic indicators
Prodajne cene v Uniji in proizvodni stroški