natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The Netherlands has transposed Directive 2009/72/EC in the national Law through the Dutch Electricity act 1998 [5] (Elektriciteitswet).
V zvezi s trgi, na katere se nanaša ta sklep, je eno od meril, ki ga je treba upoštevati, tržni delež glavnih akterjev na določenem trgu.
Consequently, and in accordance with Article 34(1), access to the market should be deemed not to be restricted on the entire territory of the Netherlands.
Glede na značilnosti zadevnih trgov bi bilo treba upoštevati tudi druga merila.
Direct exposure to competition
Ta vidik je izpostavilo tudi Splošno sodišče v nedavni sodbi [7].
Direct exposure to competition should be evaluated on the basis of various indicators, none of which are, per se, decisive.
Upoštevati bi bilo treba, da je cilj tega sklepa ugotoviti, ali so storitve, na katere se nanaša zahtevek, izpostavljene takšni stopnji konkurence (na trgih, do katerih dostop ni omejen v smislu člena 34 Direktive 2014/25/EU), ki bo tudi ob odsotnosti discipline, dosežene s podrobnimi pravili o javnem naročanju iz Direktive 2014/25/EU, zagotovila pregledno in nediskriminacijsko izvajanje javnih naročil za opravljanje zadevnih dejavnosti na podlagi meril, ki naročnikom omogočajo ugotoviti, katera rešitev je v celoti ekonomsko najugodnejša.
Given the characteristics of the markets concerned, further criteria should also be taken into account.
Zato imajo družbe, za katere navedena pravila ne veljajo, pri delovanju na teh trgih možnost ustvarjanja konkurenčnega pritiska na subjekte na trgu, za katere veljajo pravila o javnem naročanju.
This Decision is without prejudice to the application of the rules on competition and other fields of Union law.
Opredelitev proizvodnega trga
In particular, the criteria and the methodology used to assess direct exposure to competition under Article 34 of Directive 2014/25/EU are not necessarily identical to those used to perform an assessment under Article 101 or 102 of the Treaty or Council Regulation (EC) No 139/2004 [6].
Na podlagi precedenčne zadeve Komisije COMP/M.4110 – E.ON/ENDESA z dne 25. aprila 2006 [9] se lahko v elektroenergetskem sektorju razlikujejo naslednji upoštevni trgi proizvodov: (i) proizvodnja in veleprodaja električne energije; (ii) posredovanje; (iii) distribucija ter (iv) maloprodaja.
This point was also upheld by the General Court in a recent judgment [7].
Čeprav je nekatere od teh trgov mogoče razdeliti še naprej, je Komisija v dosedanji praksi [10] zavračala razlikovanje med trgom proizvodnje električne energije in veleprodajnim trgom, ker je proizvodnja kot taka samo prvi korak v vrednostni verigi, proizvedena električna energija pa se trži prek veleprodajnega trga.
It should be kept in mind that the aim of this Decision is to establish whether the services concerned by the Request are exposed to such a level of competition (in markets to which access is not restricted within the meaning of Article 34 of Directive 2014/25/EU) which will ensure that, also in the absence of the discipline brought about by the detailed procurement rules set out in Directive 2014/25/EU, procurement for the pursuit of the activities concerned will be carried out in a transparent, non-discriminatory manner based on criteria allowing purchasers to identify the solution which overall is the economically most advantageous one.
Zahtevek družb DONG, Eneco in Nuon se nanaša na proizvodnjo in veleprodajo električne energije.
In this context, it is important to keep in mind that, in the market concerned, not all market players are subject to the public procurement rules [8].
Po mnenju nizozemskega organa za porabnike in trge (Autoriteit Consument & Markt, ACM) trg proizvodnje in veleprodaje električne energije vključuje proizvodnjo iz konvencionalnih in obnovljivih virov [11].
Therefore, the companies which are not subject to those rules, when acting on those markets, have the possibility to bring competitive pressure on the market players which are subject to public procurement rules.
V slednjem primeru je organ ACM ugotovil, da je vetrna energija del trga veleprodaje in proizvodnje električne energije [12].
Product market definition
Dodal je, da se z električno energijo vetra trguje na istih trgih kot z električno energijo iz drugih virov [13].
According to Commission precedent Case COMP M.4110 E.ON – ENDESA, of 25 April 2006 [9], the following relevant product markets could be distinguished in the electricity sector: (i) generation and wholesale supply; (ii) transmission; (iii) distribution and (iv) retail supply.
Organ ACM je zato sklenil, da ne bo izvedel ločene ocene veleprodaje vetrne energije.
While some of these markets may be further subdivided, to date, previous Commission practice [10] rejected a distinction between an electricity generation market and a wholesale supply market since generation as such is only a first step in the value chain, but electricity volumes generated are marketed via the wholesale market.
Vložniki menijo, da je položaj električne energije iz obnovljivih virov na Nizozemskem drugačen od tistega v Nemčiji oziroma v Italiji.
The Request by DONG, Eneco and Nuon pertains to electricity generation and wholesale.
Po navedbah vložnikov je električna energija iz obnovljivih virov na Nizozemskem podvržena tržnim silam, zato je medsebojno zamenljiva s konvencionalno električno energijo.
The Dutch Authority for Consumers and Markets (Autoriteit Consument & Markt ACM) considered that the production and wholesale electricity market included generation from both conventional and renewable sources [11].
V zvezi s tem vložniki ugotavljajo, da imajo vse energetske družbe, ki so dejavne na Nizozemskem, ustanovljeno trgovinsko družbo.
In that case, ACM observed that wind energy is part of the market for the wholesale and production of electricity [12].
Trgovinske dejavnosti znotraj trgovinskih družb se uporabljajo za pridobivanje električne energije iz lastne proizvodnje in na trgu za izpolnitev obveznosti teh družb do njihovih odjemalcev na maloprodajnih trgih.
It added that electricity generated from wind is traded on the same markets as electricity produced by other sources [13].
V okviru tega portfelja trgovanja je obnovljiva električna energija v celoti medsebojno zamenljiva s konvencionalno električno energijo.
ACM thus decided not to make a separate assessment of the wholesale of wind power.
Če gospodarske družbe pridobivajo električno energijo na trgu, jo kupijo na energetskih borzah in tudi na podlagi dvostranskih sporazumov, kot so sporazumi o nakupu električne energije.
The Applicants consider that the situation of the renewable electricity in the Netherlands is different from the situation in Germany and in Italy respectively.
Trgovinske družbe sklepajo sporazume o nakupu električne energije s proizvajalci konvencionalne električne energije ter proizvajalci električne energije iz obnovljivih virov.
According to the Applicants, renewable electricity in the Netherlands is subject to market forces and is therefore interchangeable with conventional electricity.
Trgovinske družbe energetskih družb konkurirajo za prodajo sporazumov o nakupu električne energije s proizvajalci električne energije iz obnovljivih virov, ki svojo energijo prodajajo udeležencem na trgu.
In this respect, the Applicants note that all the energy companies active in the Netherlands have a trading company.
Operater prenosnega omrežja ne naroča proizvodnje energije iz obnovljivih virov.
The trading activities within the trading companies are used to source electricity by own production and on the market in order to fulfil the obligations towards their customers on the retail markets.
Zato je po mnenju vložnikov proizvodnja obnovljive energije dejansko podvržena tržnim silam, kar pomeni, da upoštevanje evropskih pravil o javnem naročanju ni potrebno.
Within this trading portfolio, renewable electricity is fully interchangeable with conventional power.
Vložniki še dodajajo, da je pravni okvir za proizvajalce konvencionalne in obnovljive električne energije podoben.
If the trading companies source electricity on the market, they purchase electricity on the power exchanges, but also via bilateral agreements such as Power Purchase Agreements (PPA).
Edina pomembna razlika je po njihovem mnenju subvencija, ki jo prejemajo proizvajalci električne energije iz obnovljivih virov in je namenjena pokritju razlike med stroškom električne energije iz obnovljivih virov in tržno ceno.
Trading companies enter into PPAs with producers of conventional power as well as producers of renewable power.
Shema subvencij, vzpostavljena na Nizozemskem, se imenuje Stimulering Duurzame Energieproductie (SDE+).
The trading companies of the energy companies compete for the sale of PPAs with renewable electricity producers who sell their power to market parties.
Leta 2012 je Komisija izdala sklepa o izvzetju v zvezi z nemškim in italijanskim trgom električne energije [14].
The Transmission System Operator (TSO) does not procure any of the renewable production.
V primeru Nemčije je Komisija menila, da „proizvodnja in trženje električne energije, urejena po EEG“, ni del „trga za proizvodnjo in prvo prodajo električne energije, proizvedene iz konvencionalnih virov“, ker se „električna energija EEG običajno ne prodaja neposredno na veleprodajnem trgu, temveč jo po zakonsko določeni stopnji plačila najprej kupijo upravljavci prenosnega omrežja“.
Therefore, according to the Applicants, the production of renewable electricity is indeed subject to market forces, which means that it is not necessary to follow the European public procurement rules.
Podobno je Komisija v primeru Italije menila, da je „trg za proizvodnjo in veleprodajo električne energije, proizvedene iz obnovljivih virov“, ločen od „trga za proizvodnjo in veleprodajo električne energije, proizvedene iz konvencionalnih virov“, ker se „električna energija, proizvedena iz obnovljivih virov, za katero se uporabljata mehanizma CIP6 in FIT, prodaja predvsem prek upravljavca energetskih storitev“.
The Applicants add that the legal framework for producers of conventional and renewable electricity is similar.
Ključni razlog, zaradi katerega Komisija izvaja tako razlikovanje, je predvsem dejstvo, da proizvajalci električne energije iz obnovljivih virov svojo proizvodnjo prodajajo netržnemu subjektu (operaterju prenosnega omrežja v Nemčiji in družbi Gestore dei Servizi Energetici (GSE) v Italiji).
The only significant difference in their view is the subsidy received by renewable electricity generators, designed to cover the difference between the cost of renewable electricity and the market price.
Dodatna pomisleka, izražena pri teh dveh precedenčnih zadevah, sta naslednja: (i) prednostni odjem za obnovljive vire energije; (ii) zakonsko določena stopnja plačila.
The subsidy scheme in place in the Netherlands is known as Stimulering Duurzame Energieproductie (SDE+).
Komisija je zato ugotovila, da proizvodnja obnovljive energije v Nemčiji in Italiji ni podvržena tržnim silam.
In 2012, the Commission issued exemption decisions in relation to the German and the Italian electricity markets [14].
V obravnavani zadevi proizvajalci električne energije iz obnovljivih virov prodajajo svojo električno energijo neposredno na veleprodajnem trgu, kjer konkurirajo proizvajalcem konvencionalne električne energije.
For Germany, the Commission considered that the ‘production and marketing of electricity regulated under EEG’ is not part of the ‘market for generation and first sale of electricity produced from conventional sources’ because ‘EEG is normally not directly sold on the wholesale market but first bought by the transmission grid operators for a statutory rate of remuneration’.
Poleg tega nizozemski zakon o električni energiji ne določa prednostnega odjema za obnovljive vire energije.
Similarly, for Italy the Commission considered that the market for ‘production and wholesale of electricity generated from renewable sources’ is separate from the ‘market for production and wholesale of electricity generated from conventional sources’ because ‘the sale of the electricity generated from renewable sources which are subject to the CIP6 and FIT mechanisms mostly takes place via the energy service operator’.
Prednostni dostop za obnovljive vire energije je predviden v pravilih za upravljanje prezasedenosti in velja samo v primeru prezasedenosti omrežja.
Key reasons for the Commission to make such a distinction were, essentially, the sale by renewable electricity producers of their production to a non-market entity (Transmission system Operator — TSO in Germany and Gestore dei Servizi Energetici – GSE in Italy).
Vendar je treba opozoriti, da v zadnjih letih na Nizozemskem ni bilo vprašanj v zvezi z upravljanjem prezasedenosti.
Additional considerations put forward in these two precedents were: (i) priority feed-in for renewables; (ii) a statutory rate of remuneration.
Edini element, ki je skupen z nemško in italijansko precedenčno zadevo, se nanaša na zakonsko določeno stopnjo plačila.
The Commission remarked that in Germany and Italy renewable generation was therefore not subject to market forces.
Vendar je treba pripomniti, da se tudi ta element pomembno razlikuje od navedenih dveh precedenčnih zadev.
In the present case, renewable electricity producers sell their electricity directly on the wholesale market, in competition with conventional electricity producers.
Komisija v zvezi s tem ugotavlja, da je dodelitev subvencije SDE+ izpostavljena konkurenci prek postopka za zbiranje ponudb, s katerim se vzpostavlja disciplina pri ravnanju proizvajalcev električne energije iz obnovljivih virov glede njihove politike javnih naročil [15].
Furthermore, the Dutch Electricity Act does not mandate priority feed-in for renewables.
Dejansko se morajo v okviru sheme subvencije SDE+ projekti z različnimi tehnologijami za energijo iz obnovljivih virov potegovati za vnaprej določen znesek razpoložljivih sredstev.
Priority access for renewables is foreseen in the rules of congestion management and applies only in case of congestion in the grid.
Taka konkurenca je tehnološko nevtralna.
However, it is noted that in the last years there have been no congestion management issues in the Netherlands.
Projekti in/ali tehnologije, ki oddajo ponudbo z najnižjo ceno, bodo prvi prejeli subvencijo, vse dokler sredstva za subvencijo niso več na voljo.
The only common element with the German and Italian precedents concerns the statutory rate of remuneration.
Z nizozemskim sistemom SDE+ se tako spodbujajo konkurenčne ponudbe, obenem pa bi morali konkurenti poskušati čim bolj zmanjšati svoje stroške (zato tudi tolikšna vrednost subvencije).
However, it should be noted that even this element presents significant differences with these two precedents.
Zato so proizvajalci električne energije iz obnovljivih virov na Nizozemskem ob upoštevanju navedenih pomislekov podvrženi konkurenčnim pritiskom.
In this regard, the Commission notes that the allocation of the SDE+ subsidy is exposed to competition through a bidding process which disciplines the behaviour of renewable electricity producers with regard to their procurement policy [15].
Ob upoštevanju zgornjih posebnosti nizozemskega trga z električno energijo je za namene ocenjevanja pogojev, določenih v členu 34(1) Direktive 2014/25/EU, in brez poseganja v konkurenčno pravo upoštevni proizvodni trg opredeljen kot trg za proizvodnjo in veleprodajo električne energije, proizvedene iz konvencionalnih in obnovljivih virov.
Indeed, under the SDE+ subsidy regime, projects with different renewable technologies must compete for a predetermined amount of available funds.
Opredelitve geografskega trga
That competition is technology neutral.
Glede na uporabo se zahtevek nanaša na dejavnosti na ozemlju Nizozemske.
The projects and/or technologies that submit a bid with the lowest price will receive a subsidy first, until no more subsidy funds are available.
V svojem sklepu o RWE/Essent [16] je Komisija menila, da je geografski obseg trga bodisi enak Nemčiji in Nizozemski (za nekonično obremenitev) in nacionalen (za konično obremenitev) ali nacionalen (za vsa obdobja), odvisno torej, ali se izvaja razlikovanje med konično in nekonično obremenitvijo [17].
The Dutch SDE+ system thus encourages competitive bids, whereas the competitors would try to minimise their cost (hence the value of the subsidy).
Organ ACM je v zadevi Nuon-Reliant ugotovil, da je trg za proizvodnjo in veleprodajo električne energije po obsegu najmanj nacionalen [18].
Therefore, in view of the above considerations, renewable electricity producers in the Netherlands are subject to competitive constraints.
Organ ACM je upošteval konkurenčni pritisk uvoza.
Taking into account the above specificities of the Dutch electricity market, for the purposes of evaluating the conditions laid down in Article 34(1) of Directive 2014/25/EU, and without prejudice to competition law, the relevant product market is hereby defined as the market for generation and wholesale of electricity produced from both conventional and renewable sources.
Ugotovil je, da geografski trg za zunajkonično obremenitev zajema vsaj Nizozemsko in Nemčijo [19].
Geographic market definition
Vendar je hkrati ugotovil, da je bil med obdobjem visokega povpraševanja konkurenčni pritisk uvoza zaradi omejene zmogljivosti medsebojnih povezav omejen.
According to the application, the request pertains to activities on the territory of the Netherlands.
Organ ACM je ugotovil, da je bila med cenami na Nizozemskem in tistimi v Nemčiji omejena povezava.
In its decision on RWE/Essent [16], the Commission took the view that the geographic scope of the market was either equal to Germany and the Netherlands (for off-peak hours) and national (for peak hours), or national (for all hours) – i.e. depending on whether a further distinction is made between peak and non-peak hours [17].
Organ ACM je opozoril na znake, da bi lahko bil geografski trg tudi med koničnimi obremenitvami širši od nacionalnega.
ACM observed in the Nuon-Reliant case that the market for production and wholesale of electricity is at least national in scope [18].
Napovedal je, da bo tako v primeru, če bi bila dejansko razpoložljiva uvozna zmogljivost razširjena na vsaj 6500 MW [20].
ACM took into account the competitive pressure of imports.
Poleg Nizozemske bi ta trg vključeval tudi Nemčijo ali Belgijo.
ACM observed that the geographical market for off-peak hours at least covers the Netherlands and Germany [19].
Če bi poleg tega bil na voljo trg za „najvišjo konično obremenitev“ (kar je organ ACM na koncu pustil odprto) [21], bi geografski trg vključeval najmanj Nizozemsko in Nemčijo, če bi bila dejansko razpoložljiva uvozna zmogljivost razširjena na vsaj 8250 MW [22].
However, ACM did note that during high demand the competitive pressure of imports was restricted because of limited interconnection capacity.
Od sprejetja sklepa v zadevi Nuon/Essent so se izvajali različni projekti, katerih namen je bil povečati zmogljivosti medsebojnih povezav do Nizozemske ali iz nje.
ACM observed that there was a limited correlation between the prices in the Netherlands and those in Germany.
Povezava NorNed med Norveško in Nizozemsko obratuje od leta 2008 z zmogljivostjo 700 MW.
ACM did refer to indications that the geographical market could be wider than national during peak hours as well.
Povezava BritNed med Britanijo in Nizozemsko obratuje od leta 2011 z zmogljivostjo 1000 MW.
ACM predicted that that would be the case if the effectively available import capacity would be expanded to at least 6500 MW [20].
Izvajajo se številni drugi projekti:
Apart from the Netherlands, that market would also include Germany or Belgium.
Meja
Additionally, in case there would be a market for ‘super peak hours’ (which ACM ultimately left open) [21], the geographical market would include at least the Netherlands and Germany if the effectively available import capacity would be expanded to at least 8250 MW [22].
Povezovalni daljnovod
Since the Nuon/Essent decision, there have been various projects aimed at increasing interconnection capacity to and from the Netherlands.
Zmogljivost (MW)
The NorNed cable between Norway and the Netherlands has been in service since 2008 with a capacity of 700 MW.
Leto izgradnje
The BritNed cable between Britain and the Netherlands has been in service since 2011 with a capacity of 1000 MW.
Nemčija
Several other projects are under way:
Doetinchem-Wesel (novo)
Border
2016 (začetek obratovanja v letu 2018)
Interconnector
Meeden-Diele (razširitev)
Capacity (MW)
Danska
Built
Belgija
Doetinchem-Wesel (new)
Pomembno povečanje zmogljivosti medsebojnih povezav med Nizozemsko in sosednjimi državami je najverjetneje imelo ugoden učinek na konkurenco na nizozemskem trgu za proizvodnjo električne energije.
2016 (entry in service in 2018)
Komisija je seznanjena z vse večjim pomenom uvoza na nizozemskem trgu za proizvodnjo in veleprodajo električne energije ter meni, da je za namene ocenjevanja pogojev iz člena 34(1) Direktive 2014/25/EU in brez poseganja v konkurenčno pravo nizozemski trg za proizvodnjo in veleprodajo električne energije treba obravnavati kot najmanj nacionalen po obsegu.
Meeden-Diele (expansion)
Tržna analiza
Denmark
Tržni deleži
Belgium
V prejšnjih sklepih [23] je Komisija menila, da je v zvezi s trgom za proizvodnjo in veleprodajo pomemben skupni tržni delež največjih treh podjetij.
700-900
Vendar ker pravila o javnem naročanju ne veljajo za vse subjekte na trgu, se analiza osredotoča na tržni položaj in konkurenčne pritiske na posamezne subjekte na trgu, za katere veljajo pravila o javnem naročanju.
The significant increase in interconnection capacity between the Netherlands and neighbouring countries is likely to have had a favourable impact on competition in the Dutch electricity generation market.
Pomembna so lahko tudi druga merila koncentracije.
The Commission takes note of the growing importance of imports on the Dutch electricity generation and wholesale market and takes the view that, for the purposes of evaluating the conditions laid down in Article 34(1) of Directive 2014/25/EU, and without prejudice to the competition law, the Dutch generation and wholesale electricity market is to be considered to be at least national in scope.
Nizozemski osrednji statistični urad (Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek, v nadaljnjem besedilu: CBS) je februarja 2015 izdal poročilo o trgu električne energije na Nizozemskem [24].
Market analysis
Glede na poročilo je bila inštalirana moč na Nizozemskem okoli 31,5 GW, od tega 20,1 GW centralizirane inštalirane moči in 11,5 GW decentralizirane inštalirane moči.
Market shares
Kot centralizirana je opredeljena proizvodnja električne energije v termoelektrarnah ali jedrskih elektrarnah, ki neposredno oskrbujejo visokonapetostno omrežje.
In previous decisions [23], the Commission considered that, concerning production and wholesale market, the cumulated market share of the largest three undertakings is relevant.
Vsa ostala proizvodnja električne energije v toplotnih napravah ter vetrna, vodna in sončna energija se imenuje decentralizirana proizvodnja.
However, given that not all market players are subject to the public procurement rules, the analysis focuses on the market position and competitive constraints on the individual market players subject to the public procurement rules.
Razpredelnica 1
Other measures of concentration may also be considered relevant.
Inštalirana moč (MW in število naprav) v letih 2012, 2013 in 2014
The Dutch Central Statistical Office (Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek, hereinafter CBS), issued a report in February 2015 on the electricity market in the Netherlands.
(Vir: CBS)
According to the report, installed capacity in the Netherlands was about 31,5 GW, of which 20,1 GW was centralised installed capacity and 11,5 GW was decentralised installed capacity.
2012 (število)
Central production is defined as production of electricity by thermal or nuclear plants that supply directly to the high-voltage grid.
2013 (število)
All other electricity production is called decentralised production, by thermal installations, wind power, water power and solar power.
2014 (število)
Installed capacity (MW and number of installations) in 2012, 2013 and 2014
Decentralizirano