natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
For the determination of the position of the centre of gravity in the total effective vehicle mass condition, the individual occupant mass (factored by the constant, k = 0,5) shall be positioned and rigidly held 200 mm above and 100 mm forward of the R point (which is defined in Regulation No 21, Annex 5) of the seat.
Za določitev lege težišča v stanju skupne efektivne mase se namesti masa posameznega potnika (pomnožena s konstanto, k = 0,5) in togo pridrži 200 mm nad in 100 mm pred točko R (ki je določena v Prilogi 5 k Pravilniku št. 21) sedeža.
The longitudinal (l1) and transverse (t) coordinates of centre of gravity shall be determined on a common horizontal ground (see Figure A3.1) where each wheel or twinned wheel of the vehicle is standing on an individual load cell.
Vzdolžna (l1) in prečna (t) koordinata težišča se določita na skupnih vodoravnih tleh (glej sliko A3.1), kjer vsako kolo ali dvojno kolo vozila stoji na posamezni merilni celici.
Each steered wheel shall be set to its straight-ahead position.
Vsako krmiljeno kolo se nastavi na njegov položaj v smeri vožnje naprej.
The individual load-cell readings shall be noted simultaneously and shall be used to calculate the total vehicle mass and centre of gravity position.
Posamezne vrednosti merilnih celic se sočasno zabeležijo ter uporabijo za izračun skupne mase vozila in lege težišča.
The longitudinal position of the centre of gravity relative to the centre of the contact point of the front wheels (see Figure A3.1) is given by:
Vzdolžna lega težišča glede na središče kontaktne točke sprednjih koles (glej sliko A3.1) se določi z enačbo:
reaction load on the load cell under the left-hand wheel of the first axle
reakcijska obremenitev merilne celice pod levim kolesom prve osi
reaction load on the load cell under the right-hand wheel of the first axle
reakcijska obremenitev merilne celice pod desnim kolesom prve osi
reaction load on the load cell under the left-hand wheel(s) of the second axle
reakcijska obremenitev merilne celice pod levim(-i) kolesom(-i) druge osi
reaction load on the load cell under the right-hand wheel(s) of the second axle
reakcijska obremenitev merilne celice pod desnim(-i) kolesom(-i) druge osi
reaction load on the load cell under the left-hand wheel(s) of the third axle
reakcijska obremenitev merilne celice pod levim(-i) kolesom(-i) tretje osi
reaction load on the load cell under the right-hand wheel(s) of the third axle
reakcijska obremenitev merilne celice pod desnim(-i) kolesom(-i) tretje osi
= Mk unladen kerb mass; or,
= Mk masa neobremenjenega vozila; ali
= Mt total effective vehicle mass, as appropriate
= Mt skupna efektivna masa vozila, če je to primerno
the distance from centre of wheel on 1st axle to centre of wheel on second axle
razdalja od središča kolesa na prvi osi do središča kolesa na drugi osi
the distance from centre of wheel on 1st axle to centre of wheel on third axle, if fitted.
razdalja od središča kolesa na prvi osi do središča kolesa na tretji osi, če je vgrajena
Figure A3.1
Slika A3.1
Longitudinal position of the centre of gravity
Vzdolžna lega težišča
The transverse position (t) of the vehicle's centre of gravity relative to its longitudinal vertical centre plane (see figure A3.2) is given by:
Prečna lega (t) težišča vozila glede na njegovo vzdolžno navpično srednjo ravnino (glej sliko A3.2) se določi z enačbo:
distance between the centres of the footprint of the wheel(s) at each end of the first axle
razdalja med središčem odtisa koles(-a) na obeh koncih prve osi
distance between the centres of the footprint of the wheel(s) at each end of the second axle
razdalja med središčem odtisa koles(-a) na obeh koncih druge osi
distance between the centres of the footprint of the wheel(s) at each end of the third axle.
razdalja med središčem odtisa koles(-a) na obeh koncih tretje osi
This equation assumes that a straight line can be drawn through the centre points of T1, T2, T3.
Ta enačba predvideva, de lahko skozi središčne točke T1, T2, T3 poteka ravna črta.
If this is not the case then a specialised formula will be required.
Če ni tako, je potrebna posebna formula.
If the value of (t) is negative, then the centre of gravity of the vehicle is situated to the right of the centreline of the vehicle.
Če je vrednost (t) negativna, je težišče vozila na desni strani srednjice vozila.
Figure A3.2
Slika A3.2
Transverse position of centre of gravity
Prečna lega težišča
The height of the centre of gravity (h0) shall be determined by tilting the vehicle longitudinally and using individual load-cells at the wheels of two axles.
Višina težišča (h0) se določi z vzdolžnim nagibanjem vozila in uporabo posameznih merilnih celic na dvoosnih kolesih.
Two load-cells shall be positioned on a common horizontal plane, to receive the front wheels.
Dve merilni celici se namestita na skupno vodoravno ravnino, da sprejmeta sprednja kolesa.
The horizontal plane shall be at sufficient height above the surrounding surfaces that the vehicle can be tilted forward to the required angle (see paragraph 2.6.2 below) without its nose touching that surface.
Vodoravna ravnina je na zadostni višini nad okoliškimi površinami, da se vozilo lahko nagne naprej do zahtevanega kota (glej spodnji odstavek 2.6.2), pri čemer se njegova konica te površine ne dotika.
A second pair of load-cells shall be placed in a common horizontal plane on top of support structures, ready to receive the wheels of the second axle of the vehicle.
Drug par merilnih celic se namesti na skupno vodoravno površino na vrh podpornih konstrukcij, ki lahko sprejme kolesa druge osi vozila.
The support structures shall be sufficiently tall to generate a significant angle of inclination α (> 20°) for the vehicle.
Podporne konstrukcije so dovolj visoke, da tvorijo nagibni kot α (> 20°) za vozilo.
The greater the angle, the more accurate will be the calculation — see figure A3.3.
Večji kot je kot, bolj natančen je izračun – glej sliko A3.3.
The vehicle is repositioned on the four load-cells, with the front wheels chocked to prevent the vehicle rolling forward.
Vozilo se ponovno namesti na štiri merilne celice, z zaustavljenimi sprednjimi kolesi, da se prepreči vožnja vozila naprej.
Each steered wheel shall be set to its straight-ahead steer position.
Vsako krmiljeno kolo se nastavi na njegov položaj krmiljenja v smeri vožnje naprej.
The individual load-cell readings shall be noted simultaneously and shall be used to check the total vehicle mass and centre of gravity position.
Posamezne vrednosti merilnih celic se sočasno zabeležijo ter uporabijo za preverjanje skupne mase vozila in lege težišča.
The inclination of the tilting test shell be determined by the equation (see figure A3.3):
Nagib preskusa nagibanja se določi z enačbo (glej sliko A3.3):
H height difference between the footprints of the wheels of the first and second axles
H višinska razlika med odtisi koles prve in druge osi
the distance from centre of wheel's first and second axles.
razdalja od središča prve in druge osi kolesa
The unladen kerb mass of the vehicle shall be checked as follows:
Masa neobremenjenega vozila se preveri, kot sledi:
reaction load on the load cell under the left hand wheel of the first axle
reakcijska obremenitev merilne celice pod levim kolesom prve osi
reaction load on the load cell under the right hand wheel of the first axle
reakcijska obremenitev merilne celice pod desnim kolesom prve osi
reaction load on the load cell under the left hand wheel of the second axle
reakcijska obremenitev merilne celice pod levim kolesom druge osi
reaction load on the load cell under the right hand wheel of the second axle
reakcijska obremenitev merilne celice pod desnim kolesom druge osi
If this equation is not fulfilled the measurement shall be repeated and/or the manufacturer shall be asked to modify the value of the unladen kerb mass in the technical description of the vehicle.
Če ta enačba ni izpolnjena, se meritev ponovi in/ali od proizvajalca zahteva, da v tehničnem opisu vozila spremeni vrednost mase neobremenjenega vozila.
The height (h0) of the vehicle centre of gravity is given by:
Višina (h0) težišča vozila se določi z enačbo:
r height of wheel centre (on first axle) above the load cell top surface.
r višina središča kolesa (na prvi osi) nad zgornjo površino merilne celice
If the articulated vehicle is tested in separate sections, the centre of gravity position shall be established separately for each section.
Če se zgibno vozilo preskusi v ločenih delih, se lega težišča določi za vsak del posebej.
Figure A3.3
Slika A3.3
Determination of height of centre of gravity
Določanje višine težišča
VIEWPOINTS ON THE STRUCTURAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SUPERSTRUCTURE
MNENJA O KONSTRUKCIJSKEM OPISU NADGRADNJE
The manufacturer shall define unambiguously the superstructure of the bodywork (see figure A4.1, for example) and shall state:
Proizvajalec nedvoumno opredeli nadgradnjo karoserije (glej na primer sliko A4.1) in navede:
which bays contribute to the strength and energy absorption of the superstructure;
katere odprtine prispevajo k trdnosti in absorpciji energije nadgradnje;
which connecting elements between the bays contribute to the torsional stiffness of the superstructure;
kateri spojni elementi med odprtinami prispevajo k torzijski togosti nadgradnje;
the mass distribution among the nominated bays;
porazdelitev mase med imenovanimi odprtinami;
which elements of the superstructure are assumed as rigid parts.
kateri elementi nadgradnje so predvideni kot togi deli.
Figure A4.1
Slika A4.1
Derivation of the superstructure from the bodywork
Izpeljava nadgradnje iz karoserije
Bays
odprtine
rigid parts
togi deli
SUPERSTRUCTURE
NADGRADNJA
connecting elements
spojni elementi
The manufacturer shall supply the following information about the elements of the superstructure:
Proizvajalec zagotovi naslednje informacije o elementih nadgradnje:
drawings, with all the significant geometrical measurements necessary to produce the elements and to evaluate any change or alteration of the element;
risbe z vsemi pomembnimi geometrijskimi meritvami, potrebnimi za proizvodnjo elementov in oceno kakršne koli spremembe ali rekonstrukcije elementa;
the material of the elements referred to national, or international standards;
material elementov, ki se nanašajo na nacionalne in mednarodne standarde;
the joint technology between the structural elements (riveted, bolted, glued, welded, type of welding, etc.).
skupno tehnologijo med konstrukcijskimi elementi (zakovičeni, pritrjeni s sorniki, lepljeni, varjeni, vrsta varjenja itd.).
Every superstructure shall have at least two bays: one in front of the centre of gravity and one behind the centre of gravity.
Vsaka nadgradnja ima najmanj dve odprtini: eno pred težiščem in eno za težiščem.
No information is required about any elements of the bodywork, which are not parts of the superstructure.
Podatki o katerih koli elementih karoserije, ki niso deli nadgradnje, niso potrebni.
BAYS
ODPRTINE
A bay is defined as a structural section of the superstructure forming a closed loop between two planes which are perpendicular to the vertical longitudinal centre plane (VLCP) of the vehicle.
„Odprtina“ je opredeljena kot konstrukcijski del nadgradnje, ki oblikuje zaprto zanko med dvema ravninama, ki sta pravokotni na navpično vzdolžno srednjo ravnino (NVSR) vozila.
Every bay has a transverse centre plane (CP) perpendicular to the VLCP of the vehicle and passing through the centre points (Cp) of the window-pillars (see figure A4.2).
Vsaka odprtina ima prečno srednjo ravnino (SR), ki je pravokotna na NVSR vozila in vodi skozi središčne točke (Cp) okenskih stebričkov (glej sliko A4.2)
The Cp is defined as a point at half window height and halfway across the pillar width.
Cp je opredeljena kot točka na polovici višine okna in na pol poti širine stebrička.
If the Cp of the left-side and right-side pillars of a bay are not in the same transverse plane, the CP of the bay is set halfway between the transverse planes of the two Cp's.
Če Cp levih in desnih stebričkov odprtine niso na isti prečni ravnini, se SR odprtine določi na pol poti med prečnima ravninama dveh Cp.
The length of a bay is measured in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, and is determined by the distance between two planes perpendicular to the VLCP of the vehicle.
Dolžina odprtine se izmeri v smeri vzdolžne osi vozila in se določi z razdaljo med dvema ravninama, pravokotnima na NVSR vozila.
There are two limits which define the length of a bay: the window (door) arrangement, and the shape and construction of the window (door) pillars.)
Obstajata dve omejitvi, ki določata dolžino odprtine: razporeditev oken (vrat) ter oblika in konstrukcija okenskih (vratnih) stebričkov.
Figure A4.2
Slika A4.2
Definition of length of bays
Opredelitev dolžine odprtin
rear axle
zadnja os
front axle
sprednja os
The maximum length of a bay is defined by the length of the two neighbouring window (door) frames
Največja dolžina odprtine se določi z dolžino dveh sosednjih okenskih (vratnih) okvirov.
a the length of the window (door) frame behind the jth pillar, and
a dolžina okenskega (vratnega) okvirja za stebričkom j, in
b the length of the window (door) frame in front of the jth pillar
b dolžina okenskega (vratnega) okvirja pred stebričkom j
If the pillars on opposite sides of the bay are not in one transverse plane, or the window frames on each side of the vehicle have different lengths (see figure A4.3), the overall length, Wj of the bay is defined by:
Če stebrički na nasprotni strani odprtine niso v prečni ravnini ali pa so okenski okvirji na vsaki strani vozila različno dolgi (glej sliko A4.3), se celotna dolžina, Wj odprtine določi z enačbo:
the smaller value of aright side or aleft side
manjša vrednost adesna stran ali aleva stran
the smaller value of bright side or bleft side
manjša vrednost bdesna stran ali bleva stran
L the longitudinal offset between the centrelines of the pillars on the left and right sides of the vehicle.
L vzdolžna izravnava med srednjicami stebričkov na levi strani in desni strani vozila
Figure A4.3
Slika A4.3
Definition of bay length when pillars on each side of the bay are not in one transverse plane
Opredelitev dolžine odprtine, kadar stebrički na vsaki strani odprtine niso v eni prečni ravnini
The minimum length of a bay shall include the whole window pillar (including its inclination, corner radii, etc.).
Najmanjša dolžina odprtine vključuje celoten okenski stebriček (vključno z nagibom, kotnimi polmeri itd.).
If the inclination and corner radii exceed half the length of the adjacent window then the next pillar shall be included in the bay.
Če nagib in kotni polmeri presegajo polovico dolžine sosednjega okna, se naslednji stebriček vključi v odprtino.
The distance between two bays shall be defined as the distance between their CP's.
Razdalja med dvema odprtinama se določi kot razdalja med njunima SR.
The distance of a bay from the centre of gravity of the vehicle shall be defined as the perpendicular distance from its CP to the vehicle centre of gravity.
Razdalja odprtine od težišča vozila se določi kot pravokotna razdalja od njene SR do težišča vozila.
CONNECTING STRUCTURES BETWEEN THE BAYS
POVEZOVALNE KONSTRUKCIJE MED ODPRTINAMI
the connecting structures between bays shall be clearly defined in the superstructure.
Povezovalne konstrukcije med odprtinami se v nadgradnji jasno določijo.
These structural elements fall into two distinct categories:
Ti konstrukcijski elementi spadajo v dve različni kategoriji:
The connecting structures which form part of the superstructure.
Povezovalne konstrukcije, ki so del nadgradnje.
These elements shall be identified by the manufacturer, in this design submission: they include:
Te elemente označi proizvajalec v predložitvi tega načrta. Elementi vključujejo:
side-wall structure, roof structure, floor structure, which connect several bays;
konstrukcijo stranske stene, strešno konstrukcijo, talno konstrukcijo, ki povezujejo več odprtin;
structural elements which reinforce one or more bays; for example, boxes under seats, wheel arches, seat structures connecting side-wall to floor, kitchen, wardrobe and toilet structures.
konstrukcijske elemente, ki utrjujejo eno ali več odprtin, na primer predeli pod sedeži, okrovi koles, sedežne konstrukcije, ki povezujejo stransko steno s tlemi, konstrukcije kuhinje, garderobe in stranišča.
The additional elements which do not contribute to the structural strength of the vehicle but which may intrude into the residual space, for example: ventilation ducts, hand luggage boxes, heating ducts.
Dodatni elementi, ki ne prispevajo h konstrukcijski trdnosti vozila, vendar lahko segajo v prostor za preživetje, na primer: prezračevalni vodi, ročna prtljaga, ogrevalni vodi.
MASS DISTRIBUTION
PORAZDELITEV MASE
The manufacturer shall clearly define the portion of the mass of the vehicle attributed to each of the bays of the superstructure.
Proizvajalec jasno opredeli delež mase vozila, dodeljen vsaki odprtini nadgradnje.
This mass distribution shall express the energy absorbing capability and load bearing capacity of each bay.
Ta porazdelitev mase izraža sposobnost absorpcije energije in nosilne zmogljivosti vsake odprtine.
The following requirements shall be met when defining the distribution of mass:
Pri določanju porazdelitve mase morajo biti izpolnjene naslednje zahteve:
the sum of the masses attributed to each bay shall be related to the mass M of the complete vehicle:
vsota mas, dodeljenih vsaki odprtini, je povezana z maso M celotnega vozila:
the mass attributed to the jth bay
masa, dodeljena odprtini j
n the number of bays in the superstructure
n število odprtin v nadgradnji
M Mk, unladen kerb mass; or,
M Mk, masa neobremenjenega vozila; ali
Mt, total effective vehicle mass, as appropriate
Mt, skupna efektivna masa vozila, če je to primerno
the centre of gravity of the distributed masses shall be in the same position as the centre of gravity of the vehicle:
težišče porazdeljenih mas je v enaki legi kot težišče vozila:
the distance of the jth bay from the centre of gravity of the vehicle (see paragraph 2.3),
razdalja odprtine j od težišča vozila (glej odstavek 2.3).
lj is positive, if the bay is in front of the centre of gravity and negative if it is behind it.
lj je pozitivna, če je odprtina pred težiščem, in negativna, če je odprtina za njim.
The mass ‘mj’ of each bay of the superstructure shall be defined by the manufacturer, as follows:
Maso „mj“ vsake odprtine nadgradnje določi proizvajalec, kot sledi:
the masses of the components of the ‘jth’ bay shall be related to its mass ‘mj’ by:
mase sestavnih delov odprtine „j“ so povezane z njeno maso „mj“ z enačbo:
the mass of each component of the bay
masa vsakega sestavnega dela odprtine
s the number of individual masses on the bay;
s število posameznih mas v odprtini
the centre of gravity of the component masses of a bay shall have the same transverse position inside the bay as the bay's centre of gravity (see figure A4.4):
težišče mas sestavnih delov odprtine ima enako prečno lego v odprtini kot težišče odprtine (glej sliko A4.4):
the distance of the kth mass component of the bay from the axis ‘Z’ (see figure A4.4).
razdalja mase k sestavnega dela odprtine od osi „Z“ (glej sliko A4.4).
yk will have a positive value on one side of the axis and a negative value on the other side.
yk bo imela pozitivno vrednost na eni strani osi in negativno vrednost na drugi strani.
the distance of the kth mass component of the bay from the axis ‘Y’,
razdalja mase k sestavnega dela odprtine od osi „Y“.
zk will have a positive value on one side of the axis and a negative value on the other side.
zk bo imela pozitivno vrednost na eni strani osi in negativno vrednost na drugi strani.
In the case where occupant restraints are part of the vehicle specification, the occupant mass attributed to a bay shall be attached to that part of the superstructure which is designed to absorb seat and occupant loadings.
Če so zadrževalni sistemi del specifikacije vozila, se masa potnikov, dodeljena odprtini, doda tistemu delu nadgradnje, ki je namenjen absorpciji sedeža in obremenitev potnikov.
Figure A4.4
Slika A4.4
Distribution of mass in the cross section of a bay
Porazdelitev mase v preseku odprtine
Bay j
Odprtina „j“
ROLLOVER TEST AS THE BASIC APPROVAL METHOD
PRESKUS S PREVRAČANJEM KOT OSNOVNA HOMOLOGACIJSKA METODA
THE TILTING BENCH
NAGIBNA DELOVNA MIZA
The tilting platform shall be sufficiently rigid and the rotation sufficiently controlled to ensure simultaneous lifting of the axles of the vehicle with a difference of less than 1o in the platform's tilt angles measured below the axles.
Nagibna ploščad je dovolj toga in vrtenje dovolj nadzorovano, da se zagotovi sočasno dviganje osi vozila z razliko, manjšo od 1o v nagibnih kotih ploščadi, izmerjenih pod osmi.
The height difference between the horizontal lower plane of the ditch (see figure A5.1) and the plane of the tilting platform on which the bus is standing, shall be 800 ± 20 mm.
Višinska razlika med vodoravno spodnjo ravnino jarka (glej sliko A5.1) in ravnino nagibne ploščadi, na kateri stoji avtobus, je 800 ± 20 mm.
The tilting platform, related to the ditch, shall be placed as follows (see figure A5.1):
Nagibna ploščad, ki je povezana z jarkom, se namesti na naslednji način (glej sliko A5.1):
the axis of its rotation is max 100 mm from the vertical wall of the ditch;
os njenega vrtenja je oddaljena največ 100 mm od navpične stene jarka;
the axis of the rotation is max 100 mm below the plane of the horizontal tilting platform.
os vrtenja je največ 100 mm pod ravnino vodoravne nagibne ploščadi.
Figure A5.1
Slika A5.1
Geometry of the tilting bench
Geometrija nagibne delovne mize
wheel support
podpora kolesa
wheel of the widest axle
podpora kolesa
tilting platform
nagibna ploščad
Wheel supports shall be applied at the wheels being close to the axis of rotation against sliding of the vehicle sideways when tilting it.
Podpore kolesa se uporabljajo na kolesih blizu osi vrtenja, da se ob nagibanju prepreči bočno drsenje vozila.
The main characteristics of the wheel supports (see figure A5.1) shall be:
Glavne značilnosti podpor kolesa (glej sliko A5.1) so naslednje:
dimensions of the wheel support:
Dimenzije podpore kolesa:
height:
Višina:
shall not be greater than two-thirds of the distance between the surface on which the vehicle stands before it is tilted and part of the rim of the wheel which is nearest to the surface
ni večja od dveh tretjin razdalje med površino, na kateri stoji vozilo pred nagibom, in delom platišča kolesa, ki je najbliže površini
width:
Širina:
edge radius:
Kotni polmer:
length:
Dolžina:
500 mm minimum;
najmanj 500 mm;
the wheel supports at the widest axle shall be placed on the tilting platform so that the side of the tyre is at maximum 100 mm from the axis of rotation;
podpore kolesa na največji osi se namestijo na nagibno ploščad tako, da je bočna stran pnevmatike oddaljena največ 100 mm od osi vrtenja;
the wheel supports at the other axles shall be adjusted so that the vertical longitudinal centre plane (VLCP) of the vehicle shall be parallel to the axis of rotation.
podpore kolesa na drugih oseh se prilagodijo tako, da je navpična vzdolžna srednja ravnina (NVSR) vozila vzporedna z osjo vrtenja.
The tilting platform shall be constructed to prevent the vehicle moving along its longitudinal axis.
Nagibna ploščad se izdela tako, da se prepreči premikanje vozila po njegovi vzdolžni osi.
The impact area of the ditch shall have a horizontal, uniform, dry and smooth concrete surface.
Udarno območje jarka ima vodoravno, enakomerno, suho in gladko betonsko površino.
PREPARATION OF TEST VEHICLE
PRIPRAVA PRESKUSNEGA VOZILA
The vehicle to be tested need not be in a fully finished, ‘ready for operation’ condition.
Ni treba, da je preskusno vozilo v povsem dodelanem stanju, „pripravljenem za delovanje“.
Generally, any alteration from the fully finished condition is acceptable if the basic features and behaviour of the superstructure are not influenced by it.
Na splošno je sprejemljiva vsaka sprememba povsem dokončnega stanja, če ne vpliva na osnovne značilnosti in obnašanje nadgradnje.
The test vehicle shall be the same as its fully finished version in respect of the following:
Preskusno vozilo je enako kot njegova povsem dodelana različica ob upoštevanju naslednjega: