natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
indicates that this type of component has been approved according to its horizontal and vertical burning rate.
pomeni, da je bil ta tip sestavnega dela homologiran glede na njegovo hitrost vodoravnega in navpičnega gorenja.
The symbols
Simbola
indicate an approval according to Annex 7 and/or an approval as a complete device such as seats, separation walls, etc. The additional symbols are only used if applicable.
pomenita, da je bila homologacija podeljena v skladu s Prilogo 7 in/ali da je bila homologacija podeljena za samostojno enoto, npr. sedeže, pregradne stene itd. Dodatni simboli se uporabljajo le po potrebi.
Test to determine the horizontal burning rate of materials
Preskus za določanje hitrosti vodoravnega gorenja materialov
Sampling and principle
Vzorčenje in načelo
Five samples shall undergo the test in the case of an isotropic material or ten samples in the case of a non-isotropic material (five for each direction).
Preskusiti je treba pet vzorcev izotropnega materiala oziroma deset vzorcev neizotropnega materiala (pet za vsako smer).
The samples shall be taken from the material under test.
Vzorce je treba vzeti iz materiala, ki se preskuša.
In materials having different burning rates in different material directions, each direction has to be tested.
Pri materialih, ki imajo različno hitrost gorenja v različnih smereh, je treba preskušati vsako smer.
The samples are to be taken and placed in the test apparatus so that the highest burning rate will be measured.
Vzorci se vzamejo in postavijo v preskusno opremo tako, da se izmeri največja hitrost gorenja.
When the material is supplied in widths, a length of at least 500 mm shall be cut covering the entire width.
Če je material pripravljen v določenih širinah, je treba po vsej širini odrezati najmanj 500 mm dolg kos.
From this the samples shall be taken so as to be at least 100 mm from the material edge and equidistant from each other.
Iz tega kosa se odvzamejo vzorci na oddaljenosti najmanj 100 mm od roba materiala in na enakih medsebojnih razdaljah.
Samples shall be taken in the same way from finished products, when the shape of the product permits.
Na enak način je treba vzorčiti končne izdelke, če to omogoča njihova oblika.
When the thickness of the product is more than 13 mm, it shall be reduced to 13 mm by a mechanical process applied to the side which does not face the occupant compartment.
Če je izdelek debelejši od 13 mm, ga je treba na strani, ki ni obrnjena proti prostoru za potnike, z mehanskim postopkom stanjšati na 13 mm.
If it is impossible, the test shall be carried out, in accordance with the technical service, on the initial thickness of the material, which shall be mentioned in the test report.
Če to ni mogoče, je treba preskus v soglasju s tehnično službo opraviti na materialu v prvotni širini in to navesti v poročilu o preskusu.
Composite materials (see paragraph 6.1.3) shall be tested as if they were of uniform construction.
Sestavljeni materiali (glej odstavek 6.1.3) se preskušajo kot homogeni materiali.
In the case of materials made of superimposed layers of different composition which are not composite materials, all the layers of material included within a depth of 13 mm from the surface facing towards the passenger compartment shall be tested individually.
Pri materialih, sestavljenih iz več plasti različnih materialov, ki niso sestavljeni materiali, se preskusi vsaka plast materiala posebej do globine 13 mm od površine, ki je obrnjena proti prostoru za potnike.
A sample is held horizontally in a U-shaped holder and is exposed to the action of a defined flame for 15 seconds in a combustion chamber, the flame acting on the free end of the sample.
Vzorec se postavi vodoravno v nosilec s presekom v obliki črke U in se v zgorevalni komori za 15 sekund izpostavi plamenu s točno določeno močjo, ki deluje na prosti konec vzorca.
The test determines if and when the flame extinguishes or the time in which the flame passes a measured distance.
S preskusom se določi, ali in kdaj plamen ugasne oziroma koliko časa potrebuje, da doseže konec izmerjene poti.
Apparatus
Preskusna naprava
Combustion chamber (figure 1), preferably of stainless steel and having the dimensions given in figure 2.
Zgorevalna komora (slika 1), po možnosti iz nerjavnega jekla, z merami, kot so navedene na sliki 2.
The front of the chamber contains a flame-resistant observation window, which may cover the front and which can be constructed as an access panel.
Na sprednji strani komore je okno za opazovanje, odporno proti ognju, ki lahko pokriva celo prednjo stran in je lahko izdelano kot polnilna odprtina.
The bottom of the chamber has vent holes, and the top has a vent slot all around.
Na dnu komore so odprtine za zrak, na obodu zgornjega dela pa reža za zrak.
The combustion chamber is placed on four feet, 10 mm high.
Zgorevalna komora je postavljena na štirih nogah, visokih 10 mm.
The chamber may have a hole at one end for the introduction of the sample holder containing the sample; in the opposite end, a hole is provided for the gas line.
Komora ima lahko na enem koncu odprtino za vstavljanje nosilca z vzorcem, na nasprotni strani pa je odprtina za priključek plina.
Melted material is caught in a pan (see figure 3) which is placed on the bottom of the chamber between vent holes without covering any vent hole area.
Kaplje raztopljenega materiala se lovijo v posodo (slika 3) na dnu komore med odprtinami za zrak, ne da bi jih pokrivala.
Example of combustion chamber with sample holder and drip tray
Primer zgorevalne komore z nosilcem vzorca in posodo za lovljenje raztopljenega materiala
Example of combustion chamber
Primer zgorevalne komore
(Dimensions in millimetres)
(mere v milimetrih)
Vent slot
Reža za zrak
Gas burner
Plinski gorilnik
Typical drip pan
Primer posode za lovljenje raztopljenega materiala
Sample holder, consisting of two U-shaped metal plates or frames of corrosion-proof material.
Nosilec vzorca, ki ga sestavljata dve kovinski plošči s presekom v obliki črke U ali okvirja iz korozijsko odpornega materiala.
Dimensions are given in figure 4.
Mere so navedene na sliki 4.
The lower plate is equipped with pins, the upper one with corresponding holes in order to ensure a consistent holding of the sample.
Spodnja plošča je opremljena s čepi, zgornja pa z ustreznimi odprtinami, ki omogočajo trdno vpetje vzorca.
The pins also serve as the measuring points at the beginning and end of the burning distance.
Čepi se uporabijo tudi kot merilne točke na začetku in na koncu poti gorenja.
A support shall be provided in the form of 0,25 mm diameter heat resistant wires spanning the frame at 25 mm intervals over the bottom U-shaped frame (see figure 5).
Uporabi se nosilec iz toplotno odporne žice s premerom 0,25 mm, ki je napeta na razdalji 25 mm preko spodnje plošče s presekom v obliki črke U (glej sliko 5).
Example of sample holder
Primer nosilca vzorca
Cover plate
plošča
Example of section of lower U-frame design for wire support facility
Primer preseka spodnjega okvirja s presekom v obliki črke U z utori za žico
Grooves 0.5 x 0.5
Utori 0,5 x 0,5
(direction sample)
(usmeritev vzorca)
Outer
Zunanja
frame side
stran okvirja
Grooves 2 x 2
Utori 2 x 2
The small ignition source is provided by a Bunsen burner having an inside diameter of 9,5 ± 0,5 mm. It is located in the test cabinet so that the centre of its nozzle is 19 mm below the centre of the bottom edge of the open end of the sample (see figure 2).
Vžig se izvede z Bunsenovim gorilnikom z notranjim premerom 9,5 ± 0,5 mm. Gorilnik se v preskusni komori postavi tako, da je središče šobe 19 mm pod središčem spodnjega roba prostega konca vzorca (glej sliko 2).
Test gas
Plin za preskus
The gas supplied to the burner shall have a calorific value near 38 MJ/m3 (for example natural gas).
Uporabljeni plin mora imeti kalorično vrednost približno 38 MJ/m3 (npr. zemeljski plin).
Metal comb, at least 110 mm in length, with seven to eight smooth rounded teeth per 25 mm.
Kovinski glavnik, dolg najmanj 110 mm, s sedmimi ali osmimi gladkimi zaobljenimi zobci na 25 mm dolžine.
Stop-watch, accurate to 0,5 seconds.
Štoparica z natančnostjo 0,5 sekunde.
Fume cupboard.
Komora za odsesavanje.
The combustion chamber may be placed in a fume cupboard assembly provided that the internal volume is at least 20 times, but not more than 110 times, greater than the volume of the combustion chamber and provided that no single height, width, or length dimension of the fume cupboard is greater than 2,5 times either of the other two dimensions.
Zgorevalna komora se lahko postavi v komoro za odsesavanje, če je njena notranja prostornina najmanj 20-krat in največ 110-krat večja od prostornine zgorevalne komore in če nobena od njenih mer (višina, širina ali dolžina) ni več kot 2,5-krat večja od drugih dveh mer.
Before the test, the vertical velocity of the air through the fume cupboard shall be measured 100 mm in front of and behind the final position where the combustion chamber will be located.
Pred preskusom je treba 100 mm pred predvideno končno lego namestitve zgorevalne komore in 100 mm za njo izmeriti navpično hitrost zraka skozi komoro za odsesavanje.
It shall be between 0,10 and 0,30 m/s in order to avoid possible discomfort, by combustion products, to the operator.
Ta hitrost mora biti od 0,10 m/s do 0,30 m/s, tako da produkti zgorevanja uporabniku ne povzročajo težav.
It is possible to use a fume cupboard with a natural ventilation and an appropriate air velocity.
Uporabi se lahko komora za odsesavanje z naravnim prezračevanjem in ustrezno hitrostjo zraka.
Shape and dimensions
Oblika in mere
It shall not be more than 13 mm. When taking the sample permits, the sample shall have a constant section over its entire length.
Debelina vzorca ustreza debelini preskušanega izdelka, vendar ne sme biti večja od 13 mm. Če je mogoče, mora imeti vzorec pri vzorčenju enak presek po vsej dolžini.
If the shape and dimensions of a product do not permit taking a sample of the given size, the following minimum dimensions shall be maintained:
Če zaradi oblike in mer izdelka ni mogoče odvzeti vzorca z določeno velikostjo, je treba upoštevati naslednje najmanjše mere:
for samples having a width of 3 to 60 mm, the length shall be 356 mm. In this case the material is tested in the product’s width;
vzorci, široki od 3 do 60 mm, morajo biti dolgi 356 mm. V tem primeru se material preskuša po širini;
for samples having a width of 60 to 100 mm, the length shall be at least 138 mm. In this case the potential burning distance corresponds to the length of the sample, the measurement starting at the first measuring point.
vzorci, široki od 60 do 100 mm, morajo biti dolgi najmanj 138 mm. V tem primeru potencialna pot gorenja ustreza dolžini vzorca, pri čemer se merjenje začne v prvi merilni točki.
The samples shall be conditioned for at least 24 hours but not more than 7 days at a temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C and a relative humidity of 50 ± 5 per cent and shall be maintained under these conditions until immediately prior to testing.
Vzorci se kondicionirajo najmanj 24 ur oziroma največ 7 dni pri temperaturi 23 ± 2 °C in relativni vlažnosti 50 ± 5 % ter hranijo pri teh pogojih do začetka preskusa.
Place samples with napped or tufted surfaces on a flat surface and comb twice against the nap using the comb (paragraph 2.5).
Vzorec s hrapavo oziroma kosmato površino se postavi na ravno podlago, pri čemer se z glavnikom dvakrat potegne po njem v smeri, ki je nasprotna usmerjenosti vlaken (odstavek 2.5).
Place the sample in the sample holder (paragraph 2.2) so that the exposed side will be downwards to the flame.
Vzorec se postavi v nosilec (odstavek 2.2) s stranjo, ki jo je treba preskusiti, obrnjeno proti plamenu.
Adjust the gas flame to a height of 38 mm using the mark in the chamber, the air intake of the burner being closed.
Z oznako v komori se plamen plina nastavi na višino 38 mm, pri čemer je odprtina za zrak na gorilniku zaprta.
Before starting the first test, the flame shall burn at least for 1 min for stabilisation.
Pred začetkom prvega preskusa mora plamen goreti vsaj eno minuto, da se stabilizira.
Push the sample-holder into the combustion chamber so that the end of the sample is exposed to the flame, and after 15 seconds cut off the gas flow.
Nosilec vzorca se potisne v zgorevalno komoro tako, da je prosti konec vzorca izpostavljen plamenu; po 15 sekundah se dovod plina zapre.
The measurement of the burning time starts at the moment when the foot of the flame passes the first measuring point.
Čas gorenja se začne meriti v trenutku, ko gre prijemališče plamena skozi prvo merilno točko.
Observe the flame propagation on the side burning faster than the other (upper or lower side).
Širjenje plamena se opazuje na strani, ki gori hitreje od druge (zgornja oziroma spodnja stran).
Measurement of burning time is completed when the flame has come to the last measuring point or when the flame extinguishes before coming to the last measuring point.
Merjenje časa gorenja se konča, ko plamen doseže zadnjo merilno točko oziroma ko plamen ugasne, preden je dosegel zadnjo merilno točko.
If the flame does not reach the last measuring point, measure the burnt distance up to the point where the flame extinguished.
Če plamen ne doseže zadnje merilne točke, se izmeri pot gorenja do točke, na kateri je plamen ugasnil.
Burnt distance is the decomposed part of the sample, which is destroyed on its surface or in the interior by burning.
Pot gorenja je razkrojen del vzorca, ki je zaradi gorenja uničen na površini ali v notranjosti.
In so far as the sample does not ignite or does not continue burning after the burner has been extinguished, or when the flame extinguishes before reaching the first measuring point, so that no burning time is measured note in the test report that the burning rate is 0 mm/min.
Če se vzorec ne vname ali če se gorenje ne nadaljuje, potem se gorilnik ugasne, oziroma če plamen ugasne, preden je dosegel prvo merilno točko, tako da časa gorenja ni mogoče izmeriti, se v poročilu o preskusu zabeleži hitrost gorenja 0 mm/min.
When running a series of tests or repeat tests, ensure that the combustion chamber and sample holder have a maximum temperature of 30 °C before starting the next test.
Pri zaporednem izvajanju več preskusov ali pri ponavljanju preskusov je treba pred začetkom naslednjega preskusa zagotoviti, da temperatura zgorevalne komore in nosilca vzorca ne presega 30 °C.
The burning rate, B [1], in millimetres per minute, is given by the formula:
Hitrost gorenja B [1], izražena v milimetrih na minuto, se izračuna po formuli:
s the burnt distance, in millimetres;
s pot gorenja v milimetrih;
t the time, in seconds, to burn distance s.
t čas v sekundah, ki ga je plamen potreboval za gorenje po poti s.
The burning rate (B) for each sample is only calculated in the case where the flame reaches the last measuring point or the end of the sample.
Hitrost gorenja (B) za vsak vzorec se izračuna le, če plamen doseže zadnjo merilno točko ali konec vzorca.
Test to determine the melting behaviour of materials
Preskus za določanje taljivosti materialov
Four samples, for both faces (if they are not identical) shall undergo the test.
Preskusiti je treba štiri vzorce na obeh straneh (če nista enaki).
A sample is placed in a horizontal position and is exposed to an electric radiator.
Vzorec se postavi v vodoraven položaj in izpostavi električnemu grelnemu telesu.
A receptacle is positioned under the specimen to collect the resultant drops.
Pod preskušanec se postavi posoda za lovljenje kapelj raztopljenega materiala.
Some cotton wool is put in this receptacle in order to verify if any drop is flaming.
V posodo se položi košček vate, da se ugotovi, ali kaplje gorijo.
The apparatus shall consist of (figure 1):
Napravo sestavljajo (slika 1):
an electric radiator;
električno grelno telo;
a support for the sample with grill;
nosilec vzorca z rešetko;
a receptacle (for resultant drops);
posoda (za kaplje raztopljenega materiala);
a support (for the apparatus)
nosilec (za preskusno napravo).
The source of heat is an electric radiator with a useful output of 500 W.
Vir toplote je električno grelno telo z nazivno močjo 500 W.
The radiating surface must be made of a transparent quartz plate with a diameter of 100 ± 5 mm.
Sevalna površina mora biti iz prozorne kremenaste plošče s premerom 100 ± 5 mm.
The radiated heat from the apparatus, measured on a surface which is situated parallel to the surface of the radiator at a distance of 30 mm, shall be 3 W/cm2.
Toplota, ki seva iz grelnega telesa in se meri na površini, vzporedni s površino grelnega telesa na oddaljenosti 30 mm, mora biti 3 W/cm2.
For calibration of the radiator, a heat flux meter (radiometer) of the Gardon (foil) type with a design range not exceeding 10 W/cm2 shall be used.
Za kalibracijo grelnega telesa se uporabi merilnik toplotnega toka (merilnik sevanja) tipa Gardon s konstrukcijsko določenim območjem največ 10 W/cm2.
The target receiving radiation, and possibly to a small extent convection, shall be flat, circular, not more than 10 mm in diameter and coated with a durable matt black finish.
Sprejemna plošča za toplotno sevanje in v majhni meri tudi za konvekcijo mora biti ploščata, okrogla, s premerom, manjšim od 10 mm, in prevlečena s trajno črno mat barvo.
The target shall be contained within a water cooled body the front face of which shall be of highly polished metal, flat, coinciding with the plane of the target and circular, with a diameter of about 25 mm.
Sprejemna plošča mora biti v vodno hlajenem ohišju, katerega prednja stran je iz visoko polirane kovine, biti mora ploščata, okrogla s premerom približno 25 mm in sovpadati z ravnino sprejemne plošče.
Radiation shall not pass through any window before reaching the target.
Preden toplotno sevanje doseže sprejemno ploščo, ne sme prehajati skozi nobeno okno.
The instrument shall be robust, simple to set up and use, insensitive to draughts, and stable in calibration.
Instrument mora biti robusten, enostaven za postavitev in uporabo, neobčutljiv na prepih in stabilen glede kalibracije.
The instrument shall have an accuracy of within ± 3 per cent and a repeatability within 0,5 per cent.
Natančnost instrumenta mora biti v razponu ±3 % in ponovljivost v 0,5 %.
The calibration of the heat flux meter shall be checked whenever a recalibration of the radiator is carried out, by comparison with an instrument held as a reference standard and not used for any other purpose.
Umerjenost merilnika toplotnega toka je treba preveriti ob vsaki ponovni kalibraciji grelnega telesa z instrumentom, ki se uporablja kot referenčni etalon in se ne uporablja za nobene druge namene.
The reference standard instrument shall be fully calibrated at yearly intervals in accordance with a national standard.
Instrument, ki se uporablja kot referenčni etalon, mora biti redno kalibriran vsako leto v skladu z nacionalnim predpisom.
Calibration check
Preverjanje kalibracije
The irradiance produced by the power input which the initial calibration has shown to correspond to an irradiance of 3 W/cm2 shall be frequently checked (at least once every 50 operating hours) and the apparatus shall be recalibrated if such a check reveals a deviation greater than 0,06 W/cm2.
Z dovedeno energijo doseženo gostoto obsevanja, ki glede na osnovno kalibracijo ustreza gostoti obsevanja 3 W/cm2, je treba pogosto preveriti (vsaj enkrat na vsakih 50 delovnih ur), pri čemer je treba preskusno napravo ponovno kalibrirati, če je odmik pri kontroli več kot 0,06 W/cm2.
The apparatus shall be placed in an environment essentially free of air currents (not more than 0,2 m/s).
Preskusna naprava se postavi v prostor brez prepiha (največ 0,2 m/s).
Place the heat flux meter in the apparatus in the specimen position so that the target of the heat flux meter is located centrally within the radiator surface.
Merilnik toplotnega toka se postavi v preskusno napravo na mesto preskušanca tako, da je sprejemna plošča merilnika na sredini glede na površino grelnega telesa.
Switch on the electricity supply and establish the power input of the controller required to produce irradiance at the centre of the radiator surface of 3 W/cm2.
Nato se vklopi napajalnik in napaja regulator tako, da se v središču površine grelnega telesa doseže gostota obsevanja 3 W/cm2.
Adjustment to the power unit to record 3 W/cm2 should be followed by a five minute period without further adjustment to ensure equilibrium.
Po nastavitvi napajalnika na jakost, potrebno, da se doseže vrednost 3 W/cm2, se 5 minut nastavitve ne smejo spremeniti, da se doseže stabilizirano stanje.
The support for the samples shall be a metallic ring (figure 1).
Nosilec vzorca mora biti kovinski obroč (slika 1).
On top of this support a grill, made of stainless steel wire, is placed with the following dimensions:
Na vrhu nosilca se namesti mrežna rešetka, izdelana iz žice iz nerjavnega jekla, z naslednjimi merami:
interior diameter: 118 mm,
notranji premer: 118 mm,
dimension of the holes: 2,10 mm square,
velikost zanke: 2,10 mm2,
diameter of the steel wire: 0,70 mm.
premer jeklene žice: 0,70 mm.
The receptacle shall consist of a cylindrical tube with an interior diameter of 118 mm and a depth of 12 mm. The receptacle shall be filled with cotton wool.
Posoda za lovljenje kapelj mora biti valjasta posoda z notranjim premerom 118 mm in globino 12 mm. Posoda se napolni z vato.
A vertical column shall support the items specified in paragraphs 2.1, 2.3 and 2.4.
Deli iz odstavkov 2.1, 2.3 in 2.4 morajo biti podprti z navpičnim stojalom.
The radiator is placed on top of the support in a manner such that the radiating surface is horizontal and the radiation is downwards.
Grelno telo je na nosilcu postavljeno tako, da je sevalna površina vodoravna, sevanje pa je usmerjeno navzdol.
A lever/pedal shall be provided in the column to lift the support of the radiator slowly.
Stojalo je opremljeno z ročico/pedalom, s katerim se nosilec grelnega telesa počasi dviguje.
It shall also be provided with a catch in order to ensure that the radiator can be brought back in its normal position.
Z zaskočko se zagotovi, da se lahko grelno telo spet vrne v normalno lego.
In their normal position, the axes of the radiator, the support for the sample and the receptacle must coincide.
V normalni legi morajo osi grelnega telesa, nosilca vzorca in posode za kaplje sovpadati.
The test samples shall measure: 70 mm × 70 mm. Samples shall be taken in the same way from finished products, when the shape of the product permits.
Velikost vzorcev mora biti: 70 mm × 70 mm. Na enak način je treba vzorčiti končne izdelke, če to dovoljuje njihova oblika.
If it is impossible, the test shall be carried out, in accordance with the technical service, on the initial width of the material which shall be mentioned in the test report.
Če to ni mogoče, je treba preskus v soglasju s tehnično službo opraviti na materialu v prvotni širini in to navesti v poročilu o preskusu.
Composite materials (see paragraph 6.1.3 of the Regulation) shall be tested as if they were of uniform construction.
Sestavljeni materiali (glej odstavek 6.1.3 Pravilnika) se preskušajo kot homogeni materiali.
The total mass of the sample to be tested shall be at least 2 g. If the mass of one sample is less, a sufficient number of samples shall be added.
Skupna masa preskušanega vzorca mora biti najmanj 2 g. Če je masa enega vzorca manjša, je treba dodati zadostno število vzorcev.
If the two faces of the material differ, both faces must be tested, which means that eight samples are to be tested.
Če sta obe strani materiala različni, se preskušata obe strani, kar pomeni, da je treba opraviti preskus na osmih vzorcih.
The samples and the cotton wool shall be conditioned for at least 24 hours at a temperature 23 °C ± 2 °C and a relative humidity of 50 ± 5 per cent and shall be maintained under these conditions until immediately prior to testing
Vzorci in vata se kondicionirajo najmanj 24 ur pri temperaturi 23 ± 2 °C in relativni vlažnosti 50 ± 5 % ter hranijo pri teh pogojih do začetka preskusa.
The sample is placed on the support and the latter is so positioned that the distance between the surface of the radiator and the upper side of the sample is 30 mm.
Vzorec se položi na nosilec, ki se namesti tako, da je razdalja med površino grelnega telesa in zgornjo stranjo vzorca 30 mm.