natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Those situations can occur more often in electricity systems with high (intermittent) renewable penetration given that a sudden drop in the wind or the sun radiation leads to a sudden decrease of generation.
Konkurenčnost evropske industrije
Also wind and solar energy can be lower than initially expected based on the weather forecast.
Nemčija je poudarila, da naj bi odločitev, da se postopoma ukine jedrska energija in poveča delež električne energije iz obnovljivih virov, pomenila povišanje stroškov električne energije (stroškov v zvezi s proizvodnjo električne energije in prenosa električne energije), zaradi česar bodo na slabšem zlasti elektroenergetsko intenzivne panoge, kot so papirna, cementna in kemična industrija, industrija aluminija ter druge panoge industrije neželeznih kovin v primerjavi s konkurenti v drugih državah članicah, ki imajo znatno manj stroškov zaradi politik na področju energije iz obnovljivih virov.
It is observed however, that the full exemption for baseload consumers actually constitutes an incentive for those consumers not to offer interruptible load under the ABLAV Ordinance given that they would then not reach the 7000 hours of full use and thus runs against the objectives of another measure aimed at security of supply.
Z oprostitvijo naj bi bili ustvarjeni enaki konkurenčni pogoji.
For 2013, the full exemption therefore constituted a hindrance to another measure ensuring security of supply by de-incentivizing baseload consumers from offering interruptible load.
Vendar je bilo ugotovljeno, da oprostitev niti ne ustvarja enakih konkurenčnih pogojev niti ni povezana s stroški, ki naj bi jih pomenile politike na področju energije iz obnovljivih virov.
In addition, Germany has argued that the exempted baseload consumption would contribute to the promotion of renewable electricity by reducing the costs of such promotion.
S popolno oprostitvijo omrežnin, ki pomenijo individualne stroške pasovnih odjemalcev, so namreč nemški pasovni odjemalci izvzeti iz celotnih stroškov omrežja, vključno s stroški omrežne poti, ki pasovnega odjemalca povezuje z najbližjo bazno elektrarno.
In particular, Germany has indicated that the stable offtake of electricity by baseload consumers ensured that renewable electricity was always consumed when it was produced, which reduced the necessity to curtail and compensate the renewable electricity installations in case of curtailment.
Ti stroški niso povezani s politikami na področju energije iz obnovljivih virov in ustrezajo stroškom, ki jih morajo konkurenti v drugih državah plačati kot del svojih običajnih stroškov proizvodnje ter ki jih morajo odjemalci in konkurenti v Nemčiji nadomestiti prek dodatne dajatve iz člena 19.
It is noted that indeed, in the absence in 2011-2013 of storage installations coupled with renewable electricity installations and in the absence also of flexible demand and incentives to increase consumption at times when renewable electricity is abundant, the existence of baseload consumption could indirectly reduce the likelihood that renewable electricity installations be curtailed.
Nazadnje, ugotovljeno je bilo, da se zdi, da je popolna oprostitev, katere namen je izboljšati konkurenčnost zadevnih odjemalcev, v nasprotju s členom 14 Uredbe 714/2009, ker ne upošteva stroškov, in členom 32 Direktive 2009/72/ES, ker ni v skladu z načelom nediskriminacije.
The exemption could therefore be viewed as facilitating the promotion of renewable electricity.
Poleg tega se zdi, da oprostitve omrežnin, ki jih določi zakonodajalec ali vlada, niso v skladu s členom 37(1)(a) Direktive 2009/72/ES, ki določa načelo, da mora tarife določiti regulativni organ.
However, the exemption could also indirectly increase the costs of the promotion of renewable electricity.
Iz teh razlogov je bilo ugotovljeno, da popolna oprostitev omrežnin, ki ustrezajo individualnim stroškom, pripisljivim zadevnim pasovnim odjemalcem, kolikor naj bi bil njen namen okrepiti konkurenčnost upravičencev, ne more prispevati k uresničevanju cilja v skupnem interesu.
Indeed, when renewable electricity is not available due to the sudden decrease of wind or sun, the inflexibility of baseload consumers induced by the exemption will make it necessary to ramp up conventional power plants, most likely coal-fired or gas-fired power plants to cover the demand of baseload consumers in case of sudden drops in intermittent renewable electricity generation.
Potrebnost popolne oprostitve
This could be perceived as increasing the costs of the promotion of renewable electricity.
V vsakem primeru, kot je prikazano spodaj (uvodne izjave 197 do 199), tudi če bi predpostavljali, da je Nemčija dokazala, da je lahko popolna oprostitev prispevala k spodbujanju proizvodnje električne energije iz obnovljivih virov in zanesljivosti oskrbe ter je bila ustrezna za posredno zagotavljanje tega spodbujanja, ni dokazano, da je bila popolna oprostitev v obdobju 2012–2013 potrebna za dosego teh ciljev.
Finally, it is noted that the exemption is granted to baseload consumers irrespective of where they are located.
Tako bi bilo samo, če bi Nemčija dokazala, da je bila popolna oprostitev potrebna za vzdrževanje pasovnega odjema in preprečevanje, da bi se pasovni odjemalci odklopili iz omrežja.
However, as the 2012 Study shows (section 2.3) under certain conditions the network can be congested because the electricity produced for instance in the North is exceeding the transmission capacity needed to deliver the electricity to the South where the consumption point is located.
Vendar kot kažejo spodnje navedbe, Nemčija ni dokazala, da bi pasovni odjemalci brez popolne oprostitve zapustili javno omrežje in zgradili neposreden vod do elektrarne ali postali samooskrbni.
That congestion could be linked to strong wind conditions.
Niti ni dokazala, da bi zadevni upravičenci brez popolne oprostitve spremenili svoj vzorec porabe in imeli spremenljiv nepredvidljiv profil obremenitve.
In fact the 2012 Study contains a scenario (Figure 2.3) in which strong wind conditions are simulated to identify potential network bottlenecks.
Popolna oprostitev ni potrebna za preprečitev, da bi pasovni odjemalci zgradili neposreden vod
In such situation, it is necessary to curtail power plants that are located before the bottleneck and ramp up power plants located after the bottleneck.
Nemčija ni dokazala, da bi pasovni odjemalci, upravičeni do oprostitve, če bi zanje še vedno veljale individualne omrežnine, kot bi običajno izhajale iz člena 24 EnWG, prenehali prispevati k uresničevanju cilja v skupnem interesu (stabilizacija omrežja in spodbujanje proizvodnje električne energije iz obnovljivih virov), tako da bi zgradili neposredno povezavo z elektrarno.
Redispatching measures involve compensation both to the curtailed power plants and to the power plants that need to ramp up.
To se zdi precej neverjetno, ker bi bile individualne omrežnine izračunane na podlagi metodologije fizične poti, pri kateri se upoštevajo stroški v zvezi z uporabo omrežne poti med mestom priključka pasovnega odjemalca na omrežje (mesto odjema) in najbližjo bazno elektrarno.
If the baseload consumer is located after the bottleneck, he will not reduce the costs of renewable electricity support but increase them.
V tem smislu individualne omrežnine posnemajo stroške, ki bi jih pomenila gradnja neposrednega voda do najbližje bazne elektrarne, ki lahko zadovolji pasovno povpraševanje pasovnega odjemalca.
As the full exemption is devoid of any locational signal and being granted without any consideration for network bottlenecks, the exemption could increase the costs of renewable electricity deployment.
Ker so vsi stroški enaki, bi pasovni odjemalec raje ostal priključen na omrežje, namesto da bi začel dolgotrajen in negotov postopek pridobivanja dovoljenj.
Unclear link between the full exemption and the security of supply
Ker gredo neposredni vodi pogosto prek zemljišč, ki ne pripadajo pasovnemu odjemalcu, so potrebna različna dovoljenja in odobritve, ki jih je težko pridobiti, ker splošna javnost pogosto nasprotuje električnim vodom.
Germany has also argued that the exemption would (indirectly) contribute to security of supply because it would ensure the presence of constant consumption which is itself a prerequisite for conventional generation capacities, which it considers to be necessary not only to provide network stabilizing services but also to meet the electricity demands in a market environment that is increasingly marked by flexible and decentralized generation capacities based on renewables energies.
Poleg tega bi bile v večini primerov individualne omrežnine dejansko nižje od stroškov gradnje neposrednega voda.
Germany and several interested parties have submitted that conventional power plants (equipped with synchronous generators) deliver a certain number of important network services that network operators need to keep the network in operation, principally voltage regulation and frequency regulation.
Neposredni vod bi namreč za zadevnega pasovnega odjemalca pomenil znatne investicijske stroške ter zahteval tudi dolgotrajne in drage postopke pridobivanja dovoljenj za gradnjo voda.
They argue that if conventional plants do not run on a continuous basis, those system services would be more difficult to acquire and in any event more expensive (for instance due to the need for a larger reserve).
Vse fiksne stroške voda bi moral nositi en sam uporabnik, medtem ko pri metodologiji fizične poti nosi samo svoj delež teh fiksnih stroškov.
Conventional power plants could however only operate on a constant basis if there is sufficient constant demand to consume the electricity produced.
Popolna oprostitev ni potrebna za preprečitev, da bi pasovni odjemalci postali samooskrbni
More specifically, Germany claims that the 2012 Study shows that Germany would need in coming years between 8 and 25 GW of conventional power plants to ensure secured network management and has argued that in order to maintain those conventional power plants a constant and stable demand was needed.
Nemčija niti ni dokazala, da bi pri upravičencih oprostitve, če bi zanje veljale individualne omrežnine, kot bi običajno izhajale iz člena 24 EnWG, obstajalo tveganje, da postanejo samooskrbni.
It is noted first that the 2012 Study was realised after the full exemption was granted, which excludes its use to show the necessity of the full exemption to ensure the viability of the concerned conventional power plants.
Nemčija ni predložila nobenih dokumentov, ki bi kazali na trend, da pasovni odjemalci postajajo samooskrbni zaradi višine individualnih omrežnin pred uvedbo popolne oprostitve.
In addition, as will be shown below, the contribution of the exemption to the security of supply is not established.
Nasprotno pa podatki, ki jih je predložila Nemčija, kažejo, da popolna oprostitev ne vpliva na odločitev pasovnih odjemalcev za samooskrbo.
Second, the 2012 Study does not itself refer to the need to secure a certain minimum constant consumption nor has Germany indicated how the baseload consumers relate to the minimum conventional generation needs.
Nemčija je zagotovila podatke za deset največjih upravičencev v zvezi s porabo električne energije v obdobju 2013–2015 (obdobje, ki vključuje zadnje leto popolne oprostitve in dve leti, v katerih so se uporabljale individualne omrežnine).
Germany has merely explained that the baseload consumers by their constant offtake constituted an incentive for conventional power plants to remain on the market.
Ti podatki kažejo, da šest od desetih podjetij leta 2013 ni imelo obrata za samooskrbo in ni kupilo obrata za samooskrbo po ponovni uvedbi individualnih omrežnin.
However, the 2012 Study makes a distinction between conventional baseload plants (i.e. to nuclear power plants, run-of-river power plants and lignite power plants) and conventional power plants that are more flexible.
Podatki, ki se nanašajo na preostale štiri družbe, kažejo, da ena od teh družb proizvedeno električno energijo v celoti vnaša v omrežje.
The minimum generation need refers to both types of generation.
Preostale tri družbe so vse imele obrate za samooskrbo že leta 2013 in so jih še naprej uporabljale v celotnem obdobju 2013–2015, pri čemer je bil pri eni družbi trend padajoč, pri drugi naraščajoč, pri tretji pa precej stabilen.
Germany and third parties, however, in their arguments do not make this distinction and have not explained how baseload consumption relates to both types of generation.
To potrjuje, da popolna oprostitev ni potrebna za preprečevanje samooskrbe in da pasovni odjemalci izberejo samooskrbo na podlagi drugih dejavnikov.
When they refer to conventional power plants, they seem to refer to baseload power plants only given that they refer to constant production and the need to have equally constant consumption.
To je Nemčija potrdila v svojih pripombah glede državne pomoči SA.46526 (2017/N), v katerih je naprej navedla, da samooskrbne rešitve v energetsko intenzivni industriji spodbujajo sinergije s potrebami po toploti, sinergije z odpadnimi plini in ostanki pri proizvodnji in ne možnost izognitve plačilu dajatve na električno energijo, ki jo v Nemčiji plačujejo odjemniki za financiranje podpore električni energiji iz obnovljivih virov (tako imenovana dodatna dajatev na podlagi EEG).
By contrast, the 2012 Study makes clear that the conventional generation needed cannot only be baseload.
Nemčija je poleg tega pokazala, da je kljub znatnemu povišanju dodatne dajatve na podlagi EEG v obdobju 2011–2014 (pri čemer je bila dodatna dajatev na podlagi EEG višja od veleprodajne cene električne energije leta 2013) samooskrba v glavnih štirih sektorjih, ki uporabljajo samooskrbo (papirna industrija, kemična industrija, jeklarstvo, rafinerije nafte), v obdobju 2010–2014 ostala stabilna.
The 2012 Study in fact insists on the flexibility needs of the system and the time necessary to modify and adapt generation to fluctuations.
Domnevni prispevek k stabilnosti omrežja je že upoštevan v individualnih omrežninah
It is hard to see what the relationship is between those flexible plants and baseload consumers.
Nemčija se za utemeljitev popolne oprostitve sklicuje na stabilnost in predvidljivost pasovnega odjema kot pomembnega elementa, ki olajša upravljanje omrežja in s tem posredno olajša zanesljivost oskrbe.
Indeed, as already mentioned in recital 96, for conventional power plants that can be ramped up rapidly like gas turbines, baseload consumers will not constitute an incentive to remain on the market as their profitability is linked to the possibility to obtain higher electricity prices when the system is under stress.
Ugotovljeno je, da so vsi ti elementi že upoštevani pri izračunu individualnih omrežnin, saj so pri tem izračunu vsakemu pasovnemu odjemalcu dodeljeni samo stroški, povezani z omrežno povezavo med tem pasovnim odjemalcem in najbližjo bazno elektrarno, ki lahko krije njegovo povpraševanje.
In addition, the argument that the exemption would contribute to security of supply because helping to secure the existence of (baseload) conventional power plants is based on a circular reasoning: As baseload consumers themselves require continuous electricity supply they are themselves accountable for a part of the minimum generation identified in the 2012 Study.
Stroški za izravnalno energijo v nobenem primeru niso vključeni niti v omrežnine na splošno niti v individualne omrežnine.
By arguing that baseload consumers are needed to maintain the operation of power plants, Germany and the interested parties are using a circular argument insofar as those power plants are required to cover those consumers' own demand.
Ker so pri tem izračunu vsakemu pasovnemu odjemalcu dodeljeni samo stroški, povezani z omrežno povezavo med tem pasovnim odjemalcem in najbližjo bazno elektrarno, ki lahko krije njegovo povpraševanje, je treba ugotoviti, da individualne omrežnine že ustrezno upoštevajo koristi, ki jih pomenijo pasovni odjemalci v zvezi z upravljanjem omrežja in posredno v zvezi z zanesljivostjo oskrbe.
Such an argument cannot support the view that the full exemption was appropriate to achieve security of supply.
Torej ni nobene potrebe po ukrepu pomoči v obliki popolne oprostitve in Nemčija ni predložila nobenega dokaza o tem, da naj bi upravičenci z omrežninami, ki temeljijo na individualnih stroških (npr. z uporabo metodologije fizične poti), postali odjemalci s spremenljivim in nepredvidljivim profilom porabe.
Finally, it is noted that Germany's and interested parties' argument rests on the assumption that baseload consumers are decisive to secure the offtake of the electricity produced by those plants and their viability.
Spodbujevalni učinek
However, the 2012 Study reveals that the existence of baseload consumers is not sufficient to ensure constant offtake from baseload power plants and to guarantee their viability.
Nadalje, Nemčija ni dokazala, da ima popolna oprostitev omrežnin spodbujevalni učinek.
On page 1 of the 2012 Study, it is observed that the continuous deployment of renewable electricity installations and the priority dispatch of renewable electricity lead to a reduction of electricity supply by conventional (including conventional baseload) power plants.
Pomoč ima spodbujevalni učinek, če ravnanje zadevnih podjetij tako spremeni, da začnejo opravljati dodatno dejavnost, ki je brez pomoči ne bi opravljala ali bi jo opravljala omejeno ali drugače.
In addition, Germany itself admits that at times of lower demand and high renewable electricity production, the baseload consumers would consume the renewable electricity due to priority dispatch and access instead of consuming the electricity that would normally have been supplied by conventional baseload power plants.
Več elementov iz spisa kaže, da je bila v številnih primerih popolna oprostitev odobrena pasovnim odjemalcem za vzpostavitev vzorca porabe, ki ustreza njihovemu običajnemu vzorcu porabe, ker njihov proizvodni proces vključuje stalno porabo električne energije.
This shows that the consumption by baseload consumers will not ensure the viability of conventional baseload power plants and will not make redundant the system stability measures (higher reserve requirements, quick ramping up of power plants when renewable production decreases, etc.) that Germany and interested parties claim could be spared with a continuous operation of conventional power plants.
Vsaj pri pasovnih odjemalcih, ki so že koristili individualne omrežnine v okviru tega prvotnega sistema, popolna oprostitev torej ni spremenila njihovega ravnanja v primerjavi z njihovim ravnanjem v času uporabe individualnih omrežnin in zato ni imela spodbujevalnega učinka.
Conclusion on the appropriateness of the aid to ensure security of supply and to promote renewable electricity
Poleg tega je število pasovnih odjemalcev, ki so leta 2014 pridobili individualne omrežnine, zelo podobno številu pasovnih odjemalcev, ki so pridobili oprostitev v obdobju 2011–2013, vlagatelji zahtevkov pa so pogosto isti.
Based on the above elements, the Commission concludes that Germany has not demonstrated that the full exemption could contribute to and was appropriate to contribute to the security of supply or indirectly to the promotion of renewable electricity.
To potrjuje tudi, da pri večini pasovnih odjemalcev popolna oprostitev ni spremenila njihovega ravnanja v primerjavi s tem, kako bi ravnali v vsakem primeru na podlagi individualnih omrežnin.
Even assuming that full exemption from network charges of baseload consumers was appropriate to contribute to the objective of ensuring the security of supply and indirectly the deployment of electricity from renewable sources it still is necessary to verify whether it can be considered as necessary to reach those objectives, has an incentive effect, is proportionate and whether the negative impact of the measure remain smaller than its positive effect.
Nemška nacionalna sodišča so ugotovila enako (glej uvodno izjavo 52).
It will be demonstrated below that these requirements have not been fulfilled.
Nazadnje, tudi v poročilu o vrednotenju iz leta 2015 je poudarjeno, da je več operaterjev omrežja ugotovilo, da so imeli zadevni pasovni odjemalci enak vzorec porabe že pred uvedbo popolne oprostitve.
This reasoning constitutes subsidiary reasoning, as the Commission considers that the aid cannot be declared compatible already for the sole reason that it is not, in reality, capable of contributing to an objective of common interest.
Sorazmernost, negativen vpliv na pogoje poslovanja in splošna uravnoteženost
Competitiveness of the European industry
Tudi če bi se predpostavljalo, da je bila za nekatere pasovne odjemalce popolna oprostitev ustrezna ter da je bila potrebna kot prispevek k uresničevanju cilja v skupnem interesu in je imela spodbujevalni učinek, je treba opozoriti, da popolna oprostitev ni bila sorazmerna in da negativni vpliv pomoči presega njen hipotetični pozitivni vpliv.
Germany has underlined that the decision to phase out nuclear energy and to increase the share of renewable electricity would imply an increase in electricity costs (both costs related to electricity production and electricity transmission) which will penalize in particular electro-intensive industries like paper, cement, chemical, aluminium and other non-ferrous metal industries in comparison to competitors in other Member States facing significantly less costs from renewable policies.
Da bi bila sorazmerna, bi morala biti omejena na obseg, potreben za spodbuditev spremembe ravnanja zadevnih pasovnih odjemalcev, ki bi bila koristna za zanesljivost oskrbe ali spodbujanje proizvodnje električne energije iz obnovljivih virov.
The exemption would create a level playing field.
Vendar Nemčija ni dokazala, da je popolna oprostitev opredeljena tako, da bi bila omejena na to, kar je potrebno za spodbudo spremembe vzorca porabe pasovnih odjemalcev, niti da je popolna oprostitev najmanj izkrivljajoče orodje za ohranitev prispevka pasovnih odjemalcev k stabilnosti in zanesljivosti omrežja.
It is noted however that the exemption is not creating a level playing field nor is it linked to costs that would be induced by renewable energy policies.
V zvezi s tem nekaj zainteresiranih strani trdi, da so morali njihovi zaposleni za zagotovitev, da se doseže 7000 ur polne uporabe, del svojega časa nameniti spremljanju porabe ter da je stalna poraba pomenila tudi stalno proizvodnjo in s tem morda povečane zaloge, kadar se je povpraševanje po energiji zmanjševalo.
Indeed, the full exemption from network charges representing the individual costs of the baseload consumers is exempting German baseload consumers from their entire network costs, including the costs of the network path that is connecting the baseload consumer to the closest baseload power plant.
Vendar ista zainteresirana stran priznava, da so se ti stroški po podjetjih razlikovali.
Those costs have no relationship with renewable energy policies and correspond to costs that competitors in other Member States have to pay as part of their normal production costs and that consumers and competitors in Germany need to compensate via the Paragraph 19-surcharge.
Tudi če se predpostavlja, da so imeli nekateri pasovni odjemalci dodatne stroške, da so dosegli 7000 ur polne uporabe, ni bilo zagotovila, da je oprostitev v vseh primerih ustrezala tistemu, kar bi bilo potrebno za kritje teh dodatnih stroškov, in Nemčija ni dokazala, da je bilo tako.
Finally, it is noted that the full exemption aiming at improving the competitiveness of the concerned consumers seems to be contrary to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 714/2009 as not being cost-reflective, and to Article 32 of Directive 2009/72/EC as not in line with the non-discrimination principle.
Poleg tega je bilo ugotovljeno, da se zdi, da ukrep ne spodbuja zanesljivosti oskrbe bolj, kot je že upoštevana pri izračunu individualnih omrežnin.
In addition, exemptions from network charges decided by the legislator or the Government do not seem in line with Article 37(1)(a) of Directive 2009/72/EC establishing the principle that tariffs must be established by the regulator.
Tak dodaten prispevek ni bil dokazan.