natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
However, only three state-owned banks filled in the specific questionnaire, despite a request to the GOC that covered all financial institutions which had provided loans to the sampled companies.
Nadzorni odbor ključnih finančnih institucij v državni lasti je imenovan v skladu z začasnimi določbami za nadzorni odbor v ključnih finančnih institucijah v državni lasti.
State-owned banks acting as public bodies
Komisija je na podlagi členov 3 in 5 teh začasnih določb ugotovila, da člane nadzornega odbora imenuje državni svet, ki mu tudi odgovarjajo, iz česar je razviden institucionalni nadzor države nad poslovnimi dejavnostmi sodelujočih bank v državni lasti.
The Commission ascertained whether the state-owned banks were acting as public bodies within the meaning of Articles 3 and 2 (b) of the basic Regulation.
V zvezi z zadevnimi tremi bankami v državni lasti je poleg teh splošno veljavnih indicev ugotovila naslednje:
The Commission sought information about State ownership as well as formal indicia of government control in the state-owned banks.
Kitajska izvozno-uvozna banka je bila ustanovljena in deluje v skladu z obvestilom o ustanovitvi, ki ga je izdal državni svet, ter svojim statutom.
It also analysed whether control had been exercised in a meaningful way.
V skladu s statutom te banke država neposredno imenuje njeno upravo.
For this purpose, the Commission had to partially rely on facts available due to the refusal of the GOC and the state owned banks to provide evidence on the decision making process that had led to the preferential lending.
Nadzorni odbor imenuje državni svet v skladu z „Začasnimi določbami o nadzornih svetih v ključnih finančnih institucijah v državni lasti“ (odlok državnega sveta št. 282) ter drugimi zakoni in predpisi, odbor pa odgovarja državnemu svetu.
In order to carry out this analysis, the Commission first examined information for the three state-owned banks that had filled in the specific questionnaire and allowed for verification.
V statutu je tudi navedeno, da ima odbor stranke Kitajske izvozno-uvozne banke vodilno in osrednjo politično vlogo pri zagotavljanju, da ta banka izvaja politike in pomemben razvoj stranke in države.
Cooperating state-owned banks
Vodstvo stranke je vključeno v vse vidike upravljanja družbe.
The following three state-owned banks provided a questionnaire reply, which was verified on site: EXIM, ABC, and BOC.
Poleg tega je v statutu navedeno, da je Kitajska izvozno-uvozna banka namenjena zagotavljanju podpore za razvoj zunanje trgovine in gospodarskega sodelovanja, čezmejne naložbe, pobudo „En pas, ena cesta“, sodelovanje na področju mednarodne zmogljivosti in proizvodnjo opreme.
Ownership and formal indicia of control by the GOC
Njeno področje delovanja vključuje kratko-, srednje- in dolgoročna posojila, kot so odobrena in usklajena s politikami države za zunanjo trgovino in spodbujanje naložb po svetu, kot so izvozni krediti, uvozni krediti, tuja pogodbena posojila na področju inženirstva, posojila za naložbe v tujini, posojila kitajske vlade za tujo pomoč in izvozna posojila za prodajalce.
Based on the information received in the questionnaire reply and during the verification visit, the Commission established that the GOC held, either directly or indirectly, more than 50 % of the shares in each of these financial institutions.
Kot je navedeno v členu 137 statuta Kitajske kmetijske banke, ima kitajska vlada kot glavni delničar z 79,62-odstotnim deležem pooblastila, da imenuje vse člane upravnega odbora.
Concerning the formal indicia of government control of the three cooperating state-owned banks, the Commission qualified all of them as ‘key State-owned financial institutions’.
V skladu s členom 204 statuta to velja tudi za nadzorni odbor.
In particular, the notice ‘Interim Regulations on the Board of Supervisors in Key State-owned Financial Institutions’ states that: ‘The key State-owned financial institutions mentioned in these Regulations refer to State-owned policy banks, commercial banks, financial assets management companies, securities companies, insurance companies, etc. (hereinafter referred to as State-owned financial institutions), to which the State Council dispatches boards of supervisors’.
Poleg tega upravni odbor v skladu s statutom Kitajske kmetijske banke določa strategijo banke, odloča o njenem proračunu in naložbah, imenuje predsednika in sekretarja upravnega odbora ter vzpostavi in spremlja sistem obvladovanja tveganja banke.
The Board of Supervisors of the key State-owned financial institutions is appointed according to the ‘Interim Regulations of Board of Supervisors of State-owned Key Financial Institutions’.
Iz tega nepopolnega seznama pristojnosti je razviden institucionalni nadzor države nad dnevnim poslovanjem Kitajske kmetijske banke.
Based on Articles 3 and 5 of these Interim Regulations, the Commission established that Members of the Board of Supervisors are dispatched by and accountable to the State Council, thus illustrating the institutional control of the State on the cooperating state-owned banks' business activities.
Komisija je tudi ugotovila, da so finančne institucije, ki so v državni lasti, vključno s Kitajsko kmetijsko banko in Banko Kitajske, leta 2017 spremenile svoje statute, da bi povečale vlogo Komunistične partije Kitajske na najvišji ravni odločanja bank.
In addition to these generally applicable indicia, the Commission found the following with respect to the three state-owned banks:
Ti novi statuti določajo, da:
EXIM was formed and operates in accordance with ‘The Notice of Establishing Export-Import Bank of China’ issued by the State Council, as well as the Articles of Association of EXIM.
sta predsednik upravnega odbora in sekretar odbora stranke ista oseba;
According to its Articles of Association, the State directly nominates the management of EXIM.
je naloga Komunistične partije Kitajske zagotavljati in nadzorovati izvajanje politik in smernic Komunistične partije Kitajske in države s strani bank ter imeti vodilno in nadzorno vlogo pri imenovanju osebja (vključno z višjimi vodstvenimi delavci) ter
The Board of Supervisors is appointed by the State Council in accordance with the ‘Interim Regulations on the Boards of Supervisors in Key State-owned Financial Institutions’ (State Council Decree No 282) and other laws and regulations, and it is responsible to the State Council.
da pred sprejetjem kakšnih koli pomembnih odločitev mnenja odbora stranke obravnava upravni odbor.
The Articles of Association also mention that the Party Committee of EXIM plays a leading and political core role to ensure that policies and major deployment of the Party and the state are implemented by EXIM.
Kot je navedeno v členu 125 statuta, ima kitajska vlada kot glavni delničar s 64,63-odstotnim deležem pooblastila, da imenuje izvršne in neizvršne direktorje banke, ki sestavljajo upravni odbor.
The Party's leadership is integrated into all aspects of corporate governance.
Poleg tega upravni odbor v skladu s statutom Banke Kitajske med drugim določa strateška načela, poslovne načrte in glavne naložbene načrte finančne institucije ter imenuje ali razrešuje višje uslužbence, kot so predsednik in sekretar upravnega odbora, podpredsednik in drugo višje vodstveno osebje.
The Articles of Association further state that EXIM is dedicated to supporting the development of foreign trade and economic cooperation, cross-border investment, the One Belt One Road Initiative, cooperation in international capacity and equipment manufacturing.
Odbor odloča tudi o izvajanju resolucij na skupščini delničarjev in odobri politike upravljanja podjetja.
Its scope of business includes short-term, medium-term and long-term loans as approved and in line with the state's foreign trade and ‘going out’ policies, such as export credit, import credit, foreign contracted engineering loans, overseas investment loans, Chinese government foreign aid loans and export buyer loans.
Iz tega nepopolnega seznama pristojnosti je razviden institucionalni nadzor države nad dnevnim poslovanjem Banke Kitajske.
As mentioned in Article 137 of ABC's Articles of Association, the GOC, in its capacity of main shareholder holding 79,62 %, has the power to appoint all of the Directors in the Board of Directors.
Poleg tega se nove določbe v zvezi z vlogo Komunistične partije Kitajske iz uvodne izjave 181 uporabljajo tudi za Banko Kitajske.
The same applies to the Board of Supervisors according to Article 204 of the Articles of Association.
Dokazi, iz katerih je razvidno, da je vlada izvajala smiseln nadzor nad ravnanjem navedenih institucij
Moreover, according to ABC's Articles of Association, the Board of Directors determines the strategy of the bank, decides on the budget of the bank, takes investment decisions, appoints the President and the Board Secretary of the bank, and establishes and monitors the risk management system of the bank.
Komisija je želela pridobiti tudi informacije o tem, ali je kitajska vlada izvajala smiseln nadzor nad ravnanjem treh sodelujočih bank v državni lasti v zvezi z njihovimi posojilnimi politikami in oceno tveganja, kadar so dodeljevale posojila industriji pnevmatik.
This non-exhaustive list of responsibilities illustrates the institutional control of the State on ABC's daily business.
V zvezi s tem so se upoštevali naslednji regulativni dokumenti:
The Commission also found that state-owned financial institutions, including ABC and BOC, have changed their Articles of Associations in 2017 to increase the role of the China Communist Party (‘CCP’) at the highest decision-making level of the banks.
člen 34 zakona LRK o poslovnih bankah („zakon o bankah“);
These new Articles of Association stipulate that:
člen 15 splošnih pravil o posojilih (ki jih izvaja Ljudska banka Kitajske);
the Chairman of the Board of Directors shall be the same person as the Secretary of the Party Committee;
poglavje 4 13. petletnega načrta za petrokemično industrijo;
the CCP's role is to ensure and supervise the Bank's implementation of policies and guidelines of the CCP and the State; as well as to play a leadership and gate keeping role in the appointment of personnel (including senior management); and
sklep št. 40;
the opinions of the Party Committee shall be heard by the Board of Directors for any major decisions to be taken.
preambula k Politiki za industrijo pnevmatik;
As mentioned in Article 125 of the Articles of Association, the GOC, in its capacity of main shareholder holding 64,63 %, has the power to appoint both the executive and the non-executive Directors of the bank, which constitute the Board of Directors.
izvedbeni ukrepi komisije bančnih regulatorjev Kitajske za vprašanja pridobitve upravnih dovoljenj za poslovne banke, ki jih financira Kitajska (odlok komisije bančnih regulatorjev Kitajske (2017) št. 1);
Moreover, according to BOC's Articles of Association, the Board of Directors decides, inter alia, the financial institution's strategic principles, business plans and major investment plans, appoints or dismisses senior staff such as the President and Secretary of the Board, the Vice President, and other senior management personnel.
izvedbeni ukrepi komisije bančnih regulatorjev Kitajske za vprašanja pridobitve upravnih dovoljenj, povezana s poslovnimi bankami, ki se financirajo s tujim kapitalom (odlok komisije bančnih regulatorjev Kitajske (2015) št. 4);
The Board further decides on the implementation of resolutions at the shareholders' meeting, and approves corporate governance policies.
upravni ukrepi za kvalifikacije direktorjev in višjih uradnikov finančnih institucij v bančnem sektorju (odlok komisije bančnih regulatorjev Kitajske (2013) št. 3).
This non-exhaustive list of responsibilities illustrates the institutional control of the State on BOC's daily business.
Komisija je pri pregledovanju teh regulativnih dokumentov ugotovila, da finančne institucije v LRK poslujejo v splošnem pravnem okolju, ki jim nalaga, da se pri sprejemanju finančnih odločitev prilagodijo industrijski politiki kitajske vlade iz naslednjih razlogov.
In addition, the new stipulations concerning the role of the CCP mentioned in recital (181) above also apply to BOC.
Kar zadeva Kitajsko izvozno-uvozno banko, so njena pooblastila v okviru javne politike določena v obvestilu o njeni ustanovitvi in v njenem statutu.
Evidence showing that the Government exercised meaningful control over the conduct of those institutions
Člen 34 zakona o bankah se uporablja za vse finančne institucije, ki delujejo na Kitajskem, in na splošni ravni določa, da „poslovne banke svojo posojilno dejavnost izvajajo v skladu s potrebami nacionalnega gospodarskega in družbenega razvoja ter smernicami industrijske politike države“.
The Commission further sought information about whether the GOC exercised meaningful control over the conduct of the three cooperating state-owned banks with respect to their lending policies and assessment of risk, where they provided loans to the tyres industry.
Čeprav člen 4 zakona o bankah določa, da „poslovne banke opravljajo posle brez vmešavanja katere koli enote ali posameznika in da so civilno odgovorne z vsem svojim premoženjem, ki ga imajo kot pravne osebe“, je preiskava pokazala, da se člen 4 zakona o bankah uporablja v skladu s členom 34 zakona o bankah, tj. kadar država vzpostavi javno politiko, jo banke izvajajo in sledijo njenim navodilom.
The following regulatory documents have been taken into account in this respect:
Poleg tega člen 15 splošnih pravil o posojilih določa: „V skladu z državno politiko lahko ustrezne službe subvencionirajo posojilne obresti, in sicer z namenom spodbujanja rasti nekaterih industrij in gospodarskega razvoja na nekaterih območjih.“
Article 34 of the Law of the PRC on Commercial Banks (‘Bank law’);
Po razkritju informativnega dokumenta je kitajska vlada navedla, da je Komisija napačno razlagala člen 34 zakona o bankah.
Article 15 of the General Rules on Loans (implemented by the People's Bank of China)
Člen 34 se ne bi smel brati ločeno, člen 4, ki je del splošnih določb, pa ima vsesplošen vpliv na preostale člene zakona.
Chapter 4 of the 13th Five-year Petrochemical Plan,
Vendar ugotovitve te preiskave (in ugotovitve Komisije v prejšnjih preiskavah v zvezi z istim programom subvencij) niso podprle trditve, da banke pri odločitvah o odobritvi posojil ne upoštevajo vladne politike in načrtov.
Decision No 40;
Potrdile so ravno nasprotno, kakor je opisano v uvodnih izjavah od 202 do 206.
Preamble to the Tyres Industry Policy
Komisija je tako ugotovila, da člen 4 zakona o bankah poslovnim bankam ni preprečeval, da upoštevajo industrijsko politiko in načrte vlade.
Implementing Measures of the China Banking Regulatory Commission (‘CBRC’) for Administrative Licensing Matters for Chinese-funded Commercial Banks (Order of the CBRC [2017] No 1)
Kitajska vlada je tudi zahtevala, naj se ne upošteva člen 15 splošnih pravil o posojilih, saj je bil določen pred več kot 20 leti in je bil dolgo časa neaktiven.
Implementing Measures of the CBRC for Administrative Licensing Matters relating to Foreign-funded Banks (Order of the CBRC [2015] No 4)
Vendar je kitajska vlada hkrati priznala, da splošna pravila o posojilih uradno še niso bila razveljavljena.
Administrative Measures for the Qualifications of Directors and Senior Officers of Financial Institutions in the Banking Sector (CBRC [2013] No 3)
Komisija je zato menila, da je njeno sklicevanje na splošna pravila o posojilih še vedno veljavno.
Reviewing these regulatory documents, the Commission found that financial institutions in the PRC are operating in a general legal environment that directs them to align themselves with the GOC's industrial policy objectives when taking financial decisions, for the following reasons.
Industrijska politika države je določena s centralnim načrtovanjem, kot je pojasnjeno v oddelku 3.1.
With respect to EXIM, its public policy mandate is established in the notice of establishing the Import Export Bank of China as well as in its Articles of Association.
Kar zadeva industrijo pnevmatik, so v poglavju 5 13. petletnega načrta za petrokemično industrijo predvideni „krepitev povezave med finančnimi, davčnimi in trgovinskimi politikami ter industrijskimi politikami.
At the general level, Article 34 of the Bank law, which applies to all financial institutions operating in China, provides that ‘Commercial banks shall conduct their business of lending in accordance with the needs of the national economic and social development and under the guidance of the industrial policies of the State’.
Uresničevanje povezave med bankami in podjetji ter politik sodelovanja na področju proizvodnje.
Although Article 4 of the Bank Law states that ‘Commercial banks shall, pursuant to law, conduct business operations without interference from any unit or individual.
Krepitev finančne podpore za ključna podjetja in ključne projekte.
Commercial banks shall independently assume civil liability with their entire legal person property’, the investigation showed that Article 4 of the Bank law is applied subject to Article 34 of the Bank law, i.e. where the State establishes a public policy the banks implement it and follow State instructions.
Izkoriščanje obstoječih posebnih kanalov financiranja (posebni projekti in skladi itd.) za nadaljnje podpiranje industrijske posodobitve in tehnične obnove.“
In addition, Article 15 of the General Rules on Loans provides: ‘In accordance with the State's policy, relevant departments may subsidize interests on loans, with a view to promoting the growth of certain industries and economic development in some areas.’
Poleg tega se Politika za industrijo pnevmatik „uporablja kot podlaga za vse ustrezne oddelke“, kar zadeva „kreditno financiranje takih projektov na področju industrije pnevmatik“.
Following the disclosure of the Information Document, the GOC commented that the Commission had misinterpreted Article 34 of the Bank law.
Podobno se s sklepom št. 40 vsem finančnim institucijam daje navodila, naj kreditno podporo zagotavljajo zlasti „spodbujanim“ projektom.
Article 34 should not be read in isolation, and Article 4, being part of the General Provisions, has an overarching effect over the remaining articles of the law.
Kot je pojasnjeno že v oddelku 3.1, spadajo projekti industrije pnevmatik v „spodbujano“ kategorijo.
However, the findings of this investigation (as well as the Commission's findings in previous investigations concerning the same subsidy programme) did not support the claim that banks do not take government policy and plans into account while making lending decisions.
Sklep št. 40 torej potrjuje predhodno ugotovitev v zvezi z zakonom o bankah, in sicer da banke izvajajo pooblastila vlade v obliki preferenčnih kreditnih poslov.
It rather confirmed the contrary, as has been described in recitals (202) to (206) below.
Kitajska vlada je v odgovor na informativni dokument navedla, da je v skladu s sklepom št. 40 kreditna podpora dovoljena le, če temelji na načelih zagotavljanja kreditov.
Therefore, the Commission found that Article 4 of the Bank law did not prevent commercial banks from taking government industrial policy and plans into account.
Komisija je priznala, da člena 17 in 18 istega sklepa vsebujeta zahtevo, da morajo banke upoštevati kreditna načela.
The GOC also requested to disregard Article 15 of the General Rules on Loans, since it was established more than 20 years ago, and has remained inactive for a long period.
Vendar, kot je pojasnjeno v uvodnih izjavah od 202 do 206, Komisija med preiskavo ni ugotovila, da bi se ta zahteva izvajala v praksi.
However, the GOC at the same time acknowledged that the General Rules on Loans had not been formally repealed yet.
Komisija je tudi ugotovila, da ima komisija bančnih regulatorjev Kitajske obsežna pooblastila za odobritev vseh vidikov upravljanja vseh finančnih institucij s sedežem v LRK (vključno s finančnimi institucijami v zasebni in tuji lasti), kot so:
The Commission thus considered that its reference to the General Rules on Loans remains valid.
odobritev imenovanja vseh vodstvenih delavcev finančnih institucij, tako na ravni sedežev kot na ravni lokalnih podružnic.
The industrial policy of the State is established through central planning, as explained in section 3.1 above.
Odobritev komisije bančnih regulatorjev Kitajske se zahteva pri zaposlovanju vodstvenega osebja na vseh ravneh, od najvišjih funkcij do vodij podružnic, in vključuje celo vodstvene delavce, imenovane v podružnicah v tujini, pa tudi pristojne za podporne funkcije (npr. upravljavce IT), ter
With regards to the tyres industry, chapter 5 of the 13th Five Year Petrochemical Plan provides to ‘Strengthen the connection between financial, taxation, trading policies and industrial policies. Realize bank-enterprise connection and production cooperation policies. Strengthen financing support on key enterprises and key projects. Make use of existing special capital channels (special projects and funds, etc.) to keep supporting industrial upgrading and technical reconstruction’.
zelo dolg seznam upravnih odobritev, vključno z odobritvami za ustanovitev podružnic, uvedbo novih poslovnih področij ali prodajo novih izdelkov, spremembo statuta banke, prodajo več kot 5 % njihovih delnic, povečanje kapitala, spremembe sedeža, spremembe organizacijske oblike itd.
Furthermore, the Tires Industry Policy ‘shall serve as the basis for all relevant departments’ concerning ‘credit financing for such tire industry projects’.
Zakon o bankah je pravno zavezujoč.
Similarly, Decision No 40 instructs all financial institutions to provide credit support specifically to ‘encouraged’ projects.
V oddelku 3.1 je bilo ugotovljeno, da je narava petletnih načrtov in sklepa št. 40 zavezujoča.
As already explained in section 3.1, projects of the tyres industry belong to the ‘encouraged’ category.
Zavezujoča narava regulativnih dokumentov komisije bančnih regulatorjev Kitajske izhaja iz njenih pooblastil kot bančnega regulativnega organa.
Decision No 40 hence confirms the previous finding with respect to the Bank law that banks exercise governmental authority in the form of preferential credit operations.
Zavezujoča narava drugih dokumentov je razvidna iz klavzul o nadzoru in vrednotenju, ki jih vsebujejo.
In response to the Information Document, the GOC commented that Decision No 40 only allows credit support if it is based on the principles of credit lending.
Komisija je na tej podlagi ugotovila, da je kitajska vlada vzpostavila normativni okvir, ki ga morajo upoštevati vodstveni delavci in nadzorniki, ki jih imenuje kitajska vlada in ki tej vladi tudi odgovarjajo.
The Commission acknowledged that Articles 17 and 18 of the same Decision also ask the banks to respect credit principles.
Kitajska vlada se je torej pri izvajanju smiselnega nadzora nad ravnanjem treh sodelujočih bank v državni lasti, kadar so te zagotavljale posojila industriji pnevmatik, opirala na normativni okvir.
However, as explained in more detail in recitals (202) to (206) below, the Commission could not establish during the investigation that this was done in practice.
Komisija je želela pridobiti tudi oprijemljive dokaze o izvajanju smiselnega nadzora na podlagi konkretnih posojil.
The Commission also found that the China Banking and Regulatory Commission (‘CBRC’) has far-reaching approval authority over all aspects of the management of all financial institutions established in the PRC (including privately owned and foreign owned financial institutions), such as:
Med preveritvenim obiskom so tri sodelujoče banke v državni lasti trdile, da so pri dodeljevanju spornih posojil v praksi uporabljale izpopolnjene politike in modele za oceno kreditnega tveganja.
approval of the appointment of all managers of the financial institutions, both at the level of headquarters and at the level of local branches.
Med preveritvenim obiskom pri kitajski vladi so predstavniki Kitajske kmetijske banke in Banke Kitajske tudi navedli, da so v zadnjih dveh letih zmanjšali celotno kreditno izpostavljenost do industrije pnevmatik, ker so odkrili nekaj težav, povezanih s presežno zmogljivostjo v sektorju.