natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Having, therefore, regard to the traditionally minor supplies to the U.S., the maturity of the industry in EEA markets, and the related limited risk of trade diversion stemming therefrom, the Commission considers that imports of the products concerned from EEA members may only have very marginally, if at all contributed to the threat of serious injury.
Trdijo, da bi ukrepi skoraj gotovo privedli do pomanjkanja ponudbe, zaradi česar bi bila industrija Unije v močnejšem pogajalskem položaju, da izvaja pritisk na cene.
Consequently, the Commission has not identified other factors that would weaken the causal link between the increase in imports and the serious injury to the Union producers.
Trdijo tudi, da so viri dobave že omejeni z uvedbo protidampinških in protisubvencijskih ukrepov in da morajo biti izdelki, ki niso na voljo pri proizvajalcih v Uniji ali niso na voljo v zadostnih količinah ali z ustreznimi tehničnimi specifikacijami, izključeni iz zaščitnih ukrepov.
Nevertheless, a more detailed examination of all other factors that have or may have contributed to the injury will be undertaken in the remainder of the investigation.
Za vzpostavitev pravega ravnovesja med različnimi legitimnimi interesi in ker je tveganje za nastanek resne škode v tem primeru povezano predvsem s preusmeritvijo trgovine, Komisija meni, da bi morali zaščitni ukrepi ohraniti pretekle ravni uvoza in da bi se morali ukrepi uporabljati le za uvoz, ki presega to raven.
CRITICAL SITUATION
V zvezi s tem sistem tarifnih kvot, ki ne omejuje tradicionalnih trgovinskih tokov, zagotavlja usklajenost zaščitnih ukrepov z interesom Unije.
As indicated above, Union steel producers are globally in a situation of threat of injury and serious injury is clearly imminent.
S tako obliko ukrepov bi se preprečili negativni učinki preusmeritve trgovine za industrijo Unije, hkrati pa bi se ohranili tradicionalni viri dobave in učinkovita konkurenca na trgu jekla.
For some individual product categories, there are already indications pointing towards serious injury.
V takih okoliščinah Komisija meni, da tveganje, da bi se zaradi sprejetih ukrepov zmanjšala dobava ali povišale cene, ni verjetno.
The Commission has examined whether critical circumstances exist in which delay would cause damage which it would be difficult to repair.
Zato Komisija začasno ugotavlja, da je v interesu Unije, da se sprejmejo začasni zaščitni ukrepi v obliki povišanja dajatev, ki se bo uporabljalo zunaj tradicionalnih trgovinskih tokov za posamezne kategorije izdelkov.
In particular it was examined whether imports have continued to increase in the most recent period.
SKLEPNE UGOTOVITVE IN SPREJETJE ZAČASNIH UKREPOV
Based on a comparison between imports of steel products in the first quarter 2018 and the first quarter 2017, it appears that for 18 of the 23 product categories imports increased by 26 %.
Sprejetje začasnih ukrepov
This increase of imports is significantly more important than that experienced in the period 2016-2017, which was around 2 %.
Predhodno je bilo sklenjeno, da za jeklarsko industrijo Unije obstaja tveganje za nastanek resne škode za 23 kategorij izdelkov v ocenjevanju in da bo v bližnji prihodnosti verjetno nastala dejanska resna škoda.
The 25 % tariffs under Section 232 on steel products were introduced on 23 March 2018.
Glede na kritične okoliščine se šteje, da je treba sprejeti začasne zaščitne ukrepe, da se prepreči škoda jeklarski industriji EU, ki bi jo bilo težko odpraviti pred zaključkom te preiskave.
It is at this stage not possible to assess the full effect of the U.S. measures in terms of trade diversion.
Oblika in raven ukrepov
The increase of imports into the Union in the first quarter 2018 could however be seen as an anticipation of their effects and, therefore, give a good indication of what could be the potential future development of Union imports after the US measures have been imposed.
Pri izbiri ustrezne oblike ukrepov je Komisija upoštevala naslednje tri elemente.
On 30 May 2018, the U.S. also decided that Section 232 measures should be enforced against the Union, Mexico and Canada.
Prvič, zaradi preusmeritve izvoza jekla iz ZDA v Unijo zaradi ukrepov na podlagi oddelka 232 bo verjetno nastala resna škoda za celotno jeklarsko industrijo Unije.
The Commission considers that this is a further critical element since it would not only restrict Union exports but also increase the risk of trade diversion from the other two important steel producing countries.
Drugič, šteje se, da bi bilo treba ohraniti odprtost trga Unije in tradicionalni tok uvoza.
Given the vulnerable situation of the industry, and in view of the most recent increase of imports, a further oversupply of steel products on the Union market, and the resulting pressure on prices, will undoubtedly have serious consequences on the situation of the Union producers.
Glavno grožnjo položaju jeklarske industrije zares predstavlja uvoz, ki presega te tradicionalne trgovinske tokove.
Therefore, the Commission considers that, on account of the real risk of trade diversion and the further restriction of imports to the U.S. of important steel producing countries, there are critical circumstances by which any delay in the adoption of provisional safeguard measures would cause damage which would be difficult to repair.
Končno bi morali biti v skladu s členom 7(2) Uredbe (EU) 2015/478 in mednarodnimi obveznostmi Unije, zlasti členom 6 Sporazuma STO o zaščitnih ukrepih, začasni ukrepi v obliki tarifnih ukrepov.
The Commission therefore concludes that provisional safeguard measures should be adopted without delay.
Kot je navedeno v uvodni izjavi 93, Komisija na podlagi navedenega meni, da bi morali biti začasni zaščitni ukrepi v obliki sistema tarifnih kvot, nad katerimi se bo plačala dodatna dajatev.
UNION INTEREST
Stopnjo dodatne dajatve za količino nad kvoto bi bilo treba določiti na ravni, ki je skladna s ciljem preprečevanja resne škode za industrijo Unije.
In accordance with Article 16 of Regulation 2015/478, it has been examined whether, despite the provisional finding of threat of serious injury, compelling reasons exist for concluding that it is not in the Union interest to adopt provisional measures in this particular case.
Glede na ugotovitve o tveganju za nastanek resne škode in dejstvo, da do resne škode na splošno še ni prišlo, se Komisiji izračun stopnje škode na podlagi konstruirane povprečne neškodljive cene izdelkov industrije Unije na tono v zadnjem obdobju ne zdi primeren.
The analysis of the Union interest was based on an appraisal of all the various interests involved, including those of the Union producers, importers, and users.
V teh okoliščinah Komisija meni, da je primernejši v prihodnost usmerjen pristop, pri katerem bi se raven dajatve, potrebne za odvračanje uvoza, ki presega tradicionalne trgovinske tokove in povzroča resno škodo industriji Unije, določila, ko bi bila kvota dosežena.
The Union industry is composed of around 40 producers, located in many different Member States of the Union, and employing directly more than 180000 people in relation to the 25 products concerned in the period 2013-2017.
V zvezi s tem je industrija Unije predložila dve dopolnilni metodi za izračun dajatve z zadostnim odvračalnim učinkom, ki se zdita Komisiji ustrezni; prva je model delnega ravnotežja trga Unije za jeklo, z drugo pa se izračunavajo pribitki za pokritje za izdelke iz jekla.
It has been established that the Union industry faces a threat of serious injury caused by an increase of imports.
Model delnega ravnotežja je niz enačb glede povpraševanja in ponudbe, osredotočenih na en del gospodarstva, za preostalo gospodarstvo pa velja predpostavka ceteris paribus.
It is recalled that the Union industry has not benefited from an increase in consumption and that the economic situation of the Union industry remains fragile and vulnerable to further increase of imports.
Predpostavlja tudi, da makroekonomski učinki analiziranega scenarija niso dovolj veliki, da bi vplivali na makroekonomske agregate, kot je na primer splošna raven plač v gospodarstvu.
The strategic importance of the steel industry has long been recognised.
Model, ki ga predlaga industrija Unije, temelji na javno dostopni kodi, ki je programirana in rešena v programu za obdelavo razpredelnic.
It is in the Union interest to have a healthy and competitive steel industry.
Modeli delnega ravnovesja so bolj na splošno standardno orodje za analizo trgovinske politike s strani preiskovalnih organov, vključno s Komisijo.
It is clear that if no measures are taken, both the prices and the market share of the Union producers will further decrease resulting in reduced production, increased financial losses and loss of employment, both in the steel industry and in related industries.
Kot večina drugih modelov tudi tale uporablja tako imenovano Armingtonovo predpostavko, da so izdelki različnega izvora nepopolni nadomestki.
Imposing provisional safeguard measures will temporary remedy the serious injury and facilitate the adjustment by the Union industry.
V skladu s tem modelom se obravnava samo funkcija ponudbe na trgu Unije, in sicer domača ponudba v Uniji, uvoz s strani držav, za katere veljajo zaščitni ukrepi, in uvoz s strani držav, ki so izvzete iz zaščitnih ukrepov.
Users and importers, in general, seek the lowest possible price for steel, and it is clear that, without measures, prices would be lower.
Končno se uporablja funkcija povpraševanja v Uniji, ki ustreza skupni ravni cen, za opredelitev povpraševanja po jeklu na skupni ravni, to pa se porazdeli glede na relativne cene na tri navedene vire ponudbe.
However, it is also in their interests to have a competitive and viable Union steel industry, able to meet their future needs.
Ta zadnji proces urejajo tako imenovane Armingtonove elastičnosti, tj. ekonomski parametri, ki predstavljajo elastičnost zamenjave med izdelki iz različnih držav porekla, ki se razlikujejo glede na vrsto izdelka in trge.
In this context, several interested parties to the investigation have claimed that it would not be in the interest of the Union to impose provisional safeguard measures.
Podatki za model izvirajo iz združenja Eurofer in Eurostata.
They claim that measures would almost certainly result in a supply shortage and would therefore place that Union industry in a stronger negotiating position to exert pressure on prices.
Armingtonove elastičnosti ter elastičnost ponudbe in povpraševanja izhajajo iz uveljavljenih virov, na primer United States International Trade Commission in Global Trade Analysis Project.
They further argued that the sources of supply are already limited by the imposition of anti-dumping and anti-subsidy measures and that products which are not available from Union producers or not available sufficiently or with the proper technical specifications must be excluded from safeguard measures.
Armingtonova elastičnost je določena na 3,75, elastičnost povpraševanja je določena na – 0,5, tri elastičnosti ponudbe pa so v skladu s temi viri določene na 4.
In this respect, a system of Tariff Rate Quotas under which no obstacle is raised against traditional trade flows guarantees that the safeguard measures are in line with the Union interest.
Prvič, predpostavlja se, da bodo ti ukrepi s trga ZDA uspešno izključili trenutni izvoz iz držav, za katere veljajo ukrepi na podlagi oddelka 232.
Such a form of measure would prevent the negative effects of trade diversion for the Union industry, while at the same time preserve traditional trade supply sources and effective competition in the steel market.
V naslednjem koraku se delež tega izključenega izvoza, ki bo preusmerjen na trg EU, za vsako državo proizvajalko, ki trenutno izvaža v ZDA, izračuna po metodologiji, ki upošteva in tehta štiri različna merila: oddaljenost od Unije, razpoložljivost držav, ki so sposobne absorbirati preusmerjeni izvoz, v zadevni regiji, obstoj držav s precejšnjimi presežnimi zmogljivostmi v regiji in obstoj veljavnih ukrepov trgovinske zaščite v državi.
In these circumstances, the Commission considers that the risk that the adopted measure triggers a supply shortage or a price increase is not material.
Model je opredeljen z zgoraj navedenimi parametri in tržnimi podatki, popravljenimi glede na predpostavke iz prejšnjih dveh uvodnih izjav.
Similarly, the claim that certain specific product categories must be excluded from safeguard measures as they are not available from Union producers or not available sufficiently or with the proper technical specifications should be rejected since traditional trade flows will be guaranteed.
Model se nato reši s preskusi zaščitnih tarifnih ukrepov v različnem obsegu za uvoz v Unijo zunaj kvote.
Therefore, on balance, the Commission provisionally concludes that the Union interest requires the adoption of provisional safeguard measures under the specific form of a tariff increase which will be applied beyond traditional trade flows on a product category basis.
Z dajatvijo v višini 41 % pa bi se uvoz ohranil na ravni iz obdobja 2015–2017.
CONCLUSIONS AND ADOPTION OF PROVISIONAL MEASURES
Rezultati makroekonomskega trgovinskega modela se dopolnijo z nizom mikroekonomskih simulacij tipičnih pribitkov za pokritje za 12 različnih kategorij izdelkov v ocenjevanju.
Adoption of provisional measures
Predpostavka za analizo je, da bi v primeru padca cen proizvajalci še naprej v celoti izkoriščali svoje zmogljivosti in izvažali v Unijo, dokler bi bili pokriti variabilni stroški.
It was preliminary concluded that the Union steel industry is in a situation of threat of serious injury for the 23 product categories under assessment and that this situation is likely to develop into actual serious injury in the foreseeable future.
Razlika med prodajno ceno in variabilnimi stroški se imenuje pribitek za pokritje.
Given the critical circumstances, it is considered that provisional safeguard measures should be taken in order to prevent damage to the EU steel industry which would be difficult to repair before the conclusion of the current investigation.
To pomeni, da bi proizvajalec proizvajal še naprej, dokler stopnja pribitka za pokritje ne bi bila nenegativna.
Form and level of measures
V analizi je za vsako od 12 kategorij izdelkov v ocenjevanju določena cena za uvoz v Unijo, pri kateri bi bila stopnja pribitka za pokritje za izvoznike v EU v celoti izčrpana.
For the selection of the appropriate form of measure, the Commission considered the three following elements.
Razlika med to ceno in neškodljivo domačo ceno na trgu Unije bi morala biti tako dajatev za uvoz zunaj kvote, ki je potrebna za zagotavljanje neškodljive ravni cen na trgu Unije.
First, serious injury to the global Union steel industry is likely to materialise due to the diversion of steel exports to the US to the EU as a consequence of the Section 232 measures.
Pri analizi je bila uporabljena košarica cen surovin na podlagi javnih indeksov podjetja Metal Bulletin, variabilnih stroškov kitajskih podjetij iz zbirke podatkov CRU in predvidenih stroškov prevoza med Kitajsko in EU v višini 60 USD na tono, kar naj bi bila konzervativna ocena.
Second, it is considered that the openness of the Union market should be preserved and the traditional flow of imports should be maintained.
Analiza kaže, da bi morali biti pribitki za pokritje in tako tudi potrebne odvračilne dajatve za uvoz zunaj kvote v razponu 19–45 % z mediano 34 %, kar bi v bistvu potrdilo višino dajatve za uvoz zunaj kvote, opredeljene z modelom delnega ravnotežja.
Indeed, it is basically the excess of imports above these traditional trade flows that are considered to be the main threat for the situation of the steel industry.
Na podlagi navedenega je Komisija predhodno ugotovila, da bi začasna dajatev za uvoz zunaj kvote v višini 25 % zadostovala za preprečitev resne škode.
Finally, in conformity with Article 7(2) of Regulation (EU) 2015/478 and the Union's international obligations, in particular Article 6 of the WTO Agreement on Safeguards, the provisional measures should take the form of tariff measures.
Ob upoštevanju interesa Unije, pričakovanju pripomb zainteresiranih strani po sprejetju začasnih ukrepov in ob natančnejši študiji o gibanju uvoza pred uvedbo dokončnih ukrepov pomeni ta dajatev, ki je nižja od dajatve v višini 32 % na podlagi modela za zagotavljanje tradicionalne trgovine s povečanjem toka uvoza za 10 %, previden pristop.
On that basis the Commission considers that, as mentioned in recital (93), the provisional safeguard measures should take the form of a system of tariff rate quotas in excess of which an additional duty will be paid.
Upravljanje kvot
To ensure access to the Union market to all traditional suppliers, such tariff rate quotas should be based on the average of the annual level of imports in the years 2015, 2016, and 2017.
Najboljši način za zagotavljanje optimalne uporabe tarifnih kvot je, da se dodeljujejo v kronološkem vrstnem redu datumov, na katere se sprejmejo deklaracije za sprostitev v prosti promet, kot je določeno v Izvedbeni uredbi Komisije (EU) 2015/2447.
As the tariff rate quotas will be in operation for 200 calendar days, the quotas should be set at a corresponding pro-rata level to the annual figure.
Vsem uvoznikom v Uniji bi bilo treba zagotoviti enak in neprekinjen dostop do kvot.
Given the conclusions on threat of serious injury and the fact that serious injury did not occur yet in overall terms, the Commission considers that calculating an injury margin on the basis of the constructed average non-injurious price per tonne of the Union industry's products in the most recent period does not seem to be appropriate.
Ali je blago, uvoženo iz držav v razvoju, upravičeno do izključitve iz tarifne kvote, je odvisno od njegovega porekla.
Under these circumstances, the Commission rather considers it more appropriate to take a forward-looking approach to assessing the level of the duty necessary to deter imports in excess of traditional trade flows from materialising and producing serious injury to the Union industry once the level of the quota has been reached.
Zato je treba uporabiti merila za določanje nepreferencialnega porekla, ki trenutno veljajo v Uniji.
A partial equilibrium model is a set of demand and supply equations focusing on one part of the economy and applying the ceteris paribus assumption to the rest of the economy.
V nadaljevanju preiskave in ob upoštevanju vpliva začasnih ukrepov bo opredeljeno, ali bi bilo dobro določiti kvote po državah izvoznicah, da bi se zagotovili tradicionalni trgovinski tokovi iz teh držav.
It also assumes that the macroeconomic impacts of the scenario that is analysed are not large enough to influence macroeconomic aggregates such as the overall wage level in an economy.
Komisija bo morala proučiti potencialni učinek protidampinških in protisubvencijskih ukrepov, ki se trenutno uporabljajo, na dodeljevanje in uporabo kvot za posamezne države.
The model proposed by the Union industry is based on publically available code that is programmed and solved in a spreadsheet-software.
Veljavni protidampinški in protisubvencijski ukrepi
Partial equilibrium models more broadly are a standard tool for trade policy analysis by investigating authorities, including the Commission.
Ko se doseže določena kvota brez dajatev, se bodo uporabili zaščitni ukrepi.
The model, as most others, applies the so-called Armington assumption that products from different origins are imperfect substitutes.
Več zainteresiranih strani je trdilo, da bi kombinacija že uvedenih protidampinških in izravnalnih ukrepov za številne kategorije izdelkov z zaščitnimi ukrepi za isti uvoz pomenila nerazumno veliko obremenitev za nekatere proizvajalce izvoznike, ki želijo izvažati v EU, zaradi česar bi jim bil onemogočen dostop do trga Unije.
The model looks at the Union market only using a supply function each for Union domestic supply, import supply by countries subject to safeguards and import supply by countries exempted from safeguards.
Za 12 kategorij izdelkov iz jekla, za katere veljajo začasni zaščitni ukrepi, se za nekatere države porekla dejansko uporabljajo protidampinške in izravnalne dajatve.
Finally, it employs an Union demand function that responds to the overall price level to determine demand for steel at the aggregate level and distributes this according to relative prices to the three mentioned sources of supply.
Zato je treba proučiti, ali bi bil lahko učinek kombinacije teh ukrepov in zaščitnih ukrepov večji od zaželenega.
This latter process is governed by the so-called Armington Elasticities, i.e. economic parameters representing the elasticity of substitution between products from different countries of origin that differ between product types and markets.
Da bi se izognili uvedbi „dvojnih ukrepov“, kadar je tarifna kvota presežena, se obstoječa protidampinška in izravnalna stopnja začasno opusti ali zmanjša, da bi se zagotovilo, da skupni učinek teh ukrepov ne preseže najvišje ravni zaščitnih ukrepov ali protidampinških/izravnalnih dajatev.
The data for the model comes from Eurofer and Eurostat.
Trajanje
The Armington Elasticities, as well as the supply and demand elasticities come from established sources such as the U.S. ITC and the Global Trade Analysis Project (‘GTAP’).
Začasni ukrepi bi se morali uporabljati 200 koledarskih dni od datuma začetka veljavnosti te uredbe.
The Armington Elasticity is set at 3,75, the demand elasticity is set at – 0,5 and the three supply elasticities are set at 4 in accordance with these sources.
IZKLJUČITVE NEKATERIH DRŽAV S PODROČJA UPORABE ZAČASNIH UKREPOV
Being a one-country-model certain explicit and implicit assumptions need to be made, notably concerning the U.S. steel market and the impact of the measures imposed by invoking Section 232.
V skladu s členom 18 Uredbe 2015/478 in mednarodnimi obveznostmi Unije se začasni ukrepi ne bi smeli uporabljati za izdelke s poreklom iz držav v razvoju, če delež uvoza tega izdelka iz te države v Unijo ne presega 3 %, pod pogojem, da države v razvoju, ki so članice STO in katerih delež izvoza v Unijo je manjši od 3 %, skupaj ne dosegajo več kot 9 % celotnega izvoza zadevnega izdelka v Unijo.
First, it is assumed that these measures will succeed in excluding from the U.S. market the current exports of countries subjected to Section 232 measures.
Predhodna ugotovitev Komisije kaže, da zadevne kategorije izdelkov, ki izvirajo iz nekaterih držav v razvoju, izpolnjujejo zahteve za upravičenost do zgoraj navedenega odstopanja.
In the next step, the proportion of these excluded exports that will be diverted towards the EU market for each producer country currently exporting to the U.S. is calculated according to a methodology under which four different criteria are considered and weighted: distance to the Union, availability in the relevant region of countries capable of absorbing diverted exports, existence of countries in the region with significant overcapacity, and the existence in the country of trade defence measures in place.
V Prilogi IV (Seznam izdelkov s poreklom iz držav v razvoju, za katere se uporabljajo začasni ukrepi) so navedene države v razvoju za namene te uredbe.
According to this calculation, 72 % of current US imports of steel will be diverted to the EU market, which corresponds to 55 % of total Union imports of steel in 2017.
Prav tako so za vsako od 23 kategorij izdelkov navedene države v razvoju, za katere se uporabljajo začasni ukrepi.
It is further assumed that these additional imports will displace Union production of the same amount.
Komisija meni, da je na tej stopnji primerno izračunati obseg uvoza iz držav v razvoju na podlagi vsake kategorije izdelka, saj je tarifna kvota določena tudi s sklicevanjem na tradicionalne trgovinske tokove za vsako kategorijo posebej.
The model is specified with the above mentioned parameters and the market data corrected for the assumptions made in the two previous recitals.
To ne vpliva na prihodnje odločitve glede tega, ali se država lahko šteje za državo v razvoju.