natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Consequently, the primary objective of the GOA's measures has been achieved: domestically produced soybeans have fully satisfied domestic demand for an input for domestic biodiesel production to the detriment of the soybean producers who would rather optimise their profits and either export all of their produce or sell domestically at higher prices but for the export restraints.
Jasno je tudi, da te politike spodbujajo številne male pridelovalce soje (približno 64000), da skoraj vse svoje pridelke prodajo na domačem trgu, in sicer po nižjih cenah, kot bi jih sicer dosegli na mednarodnih trgih, čeprav argentinska vlada izvoza njihovih pridelkov uradno ne preprečuje.
According to the relevant WTO case-law, as explained in particular at recitals (78), in most cases there should be some form of threat or inducement by the government to the suppliers of inputs to evidence the existence of entrustment and direction.
V spisu ni dokazov, da poskuša argentinska vlada kakor koli spodbujati in/ali dejavno, neposredno ali posredno, podpirati povečanje izvoza in s tem povečanje dobička pridelovalcev soje, kljub znanim težavam malih kmetov pri iskanju strank v tujini, komuniciranju v tujem jeziku in urejanju vseh obremenjujočih upravnih formalnosti za izvoz.
Leaving a margin of discretion does not automatically discard that finding.
Ker v spisu ni dokazov o nasprotnem in zaradi nezadostnega sodelovanja argentinske vlade, da bi se zagotovili ustrezni dokazi in informacije v zvezi s tem, je Komisija ugotovila, da ti dokazi kažejo, da so bili pridelovalci soje spodbujeni k prodaji svojih pridelkov doma v korist industrij na koncu proizvodne verige (vključno s proizvajalci biodizla) namesto da bi povečali svoj donos, tudi z iskanjem drugih načinov, kot je prilagajanje obsega pridelave ali celo preusmeritev na drugo vrsto pridelave (npr. druga žita).
This case-by-case analysis is evidence-based.
Dejstvo, da imajo pridelovalci soje vsaj formalno še vedno določeno stopnjo proste presoje pri prodaji v tujino in da je zelo omejen izvoz obstajal, ne spremeni glavne ugotovitve o tem, da je bilo pridelovalcem soje dano pooblastilo ali navodilo v skladu s sodno prakso STO v zadevi DRAMS.
In this case, the fact that the exports are rather limited in a highly international commodity market whereby Argentina is one of the leading soybeans world producers is remarkable, especially considering that the price in international markets is significantly higher than the domestic price in Argentina (see Graph 3 in recital (158).
Poleg tega je Komisija analizirala morebiten vpliv ponudbe soje zaradi ukrepov argentinske vlade na domačo ceno soje v Argentini.
The evidence contained in the Argentinian legislation (see recitals (91) to (99) shows that the GOA's policy objective is to develop and favour the higher added-value downstream industries, including biodiesel.
Pri tem je uporabila povprečno domačo ceno soje v Argentini, ki temelji na mesečnih podatkih žitne borze v Buenos Airesu za mesta Rosario, Bahia Blanca in Quequen, ki jih je zagotovilo ministrstvo za kmetijske dejavnosti na ravni države.
In addition, the GOA clearly stated its objective to shield the downstream industries from the rise of international prices.
Vzorčeni proizvajalci izvozniki so nekaj soje uvozili.
After disclosure of the information document, CARBIO claimed that the Commission failed to provide any evidence for the statement that soybean producers would rather optimise their profits.
Čeprav družbe te uvožene soje niso uporabile za proizvodnjo biodizla, ampak za proizvodnjo sojinega olja, ki se je nato izvozilo, bi se lahko cena tega uvoza štela za reprezentativno, saj se je soja uvozila za namene drobljenja in ponovno izvozila kot sojino olje, njena cena pa je odražala ceno soje na svetovnem trgu.
Since the Commission did not receive direct information from the soybean growers, as explained in recitals (61) to (64), the Commission assumed that soybean growers are rational economic operators in a market economy that would optimise their benefits whenever possible.
Domača cena se je mesečno primerjala s povprečno uvozno ceno FOB soje vzorčenih proizvajalcev izvoznikov.
Therefore, it is considered an irrational decision to increase the production of soybeans when prices are decreased because of an increased export tax.
Graf 3 v nadaljevanju prikazuje nihanja cene v obravnavanem obdobju ter razliko v odstotkih med argentinsko domačo ceno in ceno na svetovnem trgu.
The fact that soybean growers continue to supply soybeans despite the various restrictive measures adopted by the GOA is the result of the actions adopted by the GOA to induce soybean growers as entities implementing the stated policy objectives to support the biodiesel industry.
Graf 3
Therefore, the claim was rejected.
Argentinska domača cena v primerjavi s ceno na svetovnem trgu
The GOA claimed no evidence has been shown that the processing of soybeans in Argentina has been altered in any way as a result of the export taxes on soybeans.
Razlika v ceni (%)
At the outset, the Commission recalls that the GOA did not assist the Commission in obtaining the necessary information from the soybean growers to better assess their behaviour.
Cena na svetovnem trgu (ARS/MT)
Thus, the Commission considered that, on the basis of the information available, the GOA's measures (including the export tax) altered the soybean growers' behaviour to achieve the effects intended by the GOA.
Argentinska domača cena (ARS/MT)
As can been seen in Table 1, despite an increase in the export tax on soybeans in 2007, i.e. at the start of large-scale production of biodiesel, the production of soybeans increased significantly.
Vir: Bloomberg in predložitev argentinske vlade, ki temelji na javno dostopnih podatkih.
On top of that, the export of soybean oil has been significantly replaced by the export of biodiesel during the same period, showing that the GOA's measures have incentivised a structural change to improve the competitiveness of the biodiesel industry.
Graf 3 prikazuje razliko med argentinsko domačo ceno in ceno na svetovnem trgu, ki jo je mogoče pojasniti zlasti z izvoznim davkom na sojo.
Consequently, the claim was rejected.
Usmerjevalna politika argentinske vlade pridelovalcem soje preprečuje, da bi ustvarjali dobiček na podlagi cen na svetovnem trgu.
It is also clear that the countless small soybeans farmers (approximately 64000), even though not formally prevented by the GOA from exporting their products, are induced by these policies to sell domestically almost all of their production and at lower prices that they would have otherwise achieved in the international markets.
Pridelovalci soje so dejansko prikrajšani za racionalno odločitev za prodajo na mednarodnih trgih po višjih cenah.
There is no evidence on file that the GOA is in any way trying to encourage and/or actively support directly or indirectly an increase of exports and hence a maximisation of profits for the soybeans farmers despite the known difficulties of small farmers to find clients abroad, communicate in a foreign language, and arrange all the burdensome administrative formalities for exports.
Namesto tega dosegajo primerljiv dobiček na domačem in mednarodnem trgu na račun zniževanja domačih cen za znesek izvoznega davka.
In the absence of other evidence to the contrary on file, and given the lack of sufficient cooperation by the GOA to provide relevant evidence and information in this respect, the Commission concluded that this evidence shows the inducement of soybean growers to sell their production domestically for the benefit of the downstream industries (including the biodiesel producers) rather than maximising their returns, such as by finding other ways such as adapting their production output or even switching to other type of production (e.g. other grains).
S tem argentinska vlada znižuje domače cene v korist domače predelovalne industrije.
The fact that there is still some degree of discretion for soybean growers to sell abroad at least formally and that very limited exports did take place does not undermine the main conclusion on the existence of their entrustment or direction in line with the WTO case-law in DRAMS.
Argentinska vlada usmerja pridelovalce soje z onemogočanjem njihove racionalne odločitve.
Further, the Commission analysed the impact of the supply of soybeans due to the GOA's measures on the domestic price of soybeans in Argentina, if any.
Poleg tega, kot je razvidno iz grafa, razlika med domačimi in mednarodnimi cenami ostaja precejšnja ter ščiti industrijo biodizla in vse druge industrije na koncu proizvodne verige (kot so obrati za drobljenje, ki so večinoma povezani s proizvajalci biodizla) pred največjimi zvišanji cen na mednarodnem trgu.
The Commission used the average domestic price of soybeans in Argentina which is based on monthly data from Buenos Aires Grain Exchange for Rosario, Bahia Blanca, and Quequen provided by the Ministry of Agribusiness at a country level.
Zato je bil dosežen predhodno opredeljen cilj sklopa ukrepov argentinske vlade, tj. znižanje domačih cen glede na zviševanje mednarodnih cen v korist domače industrije z dodano vrednostjo, vključno z industrijo biodizla.
The sampled exporting producers did import some soybeans.
Ob upoštevanju navedenega je Komisija sklenila, da je bilo pridelovalcem soje v Argentini dano pooblastilo ali navodilo, naj zagotavljajo sojo domači industriji biodizla za plačilo, nižje od primernega.
Although the companies did not use these imports for the production of biodiesel — they were used to make soybean oil which was then exported, the price of these imports could be considered representative, as the soybeans were imported to be crushed and re-exported as soybean oil and their price mirrored the world market price of soybeans.
Naloga, ki bi bila običajno v pristojnosti vlade, in praksa, ki se dejansko ne razlikuje od praks, ki jih običajno izvajajo vlade
The domestic price was compared to the average FOB import price of soybeans by the sampled exporting producers on a monthly basis.
V zvezi z merilom „običajne pristojnosti“, ki ga posebna skupina še ni dodatno pojasnila, je Komisija menila, da je zagotavljanje surovin, ki so v državi, nacionalnim družbam, naloga, ki je običajno v pristojnosti vlade.
Graph 3 below shows the price fluctuations over the period considered and the price difference in percentages between the Argentinian domestic price and the world market price.
Po splošnem mednarodnem pravu imajo države suverenost nad svojimi naravni viri.
Graph 3
Čeprav imajo veliko diskrecijsko pravico glede organizacije izkoriščanja svojih naravnih virov, se njihova suverenost običajno spremeni v regulativno vladno pristojnost za opravljanje te naloge.
Argentinian domestic price versus world market price
V zvezi s tem ni pomembno, ali bi vlada običajno opravljala to nalogo ali ne.
Price difference (%)
Komisija je zato ugotovila, da je zagotavljanje soje, ki se nahaja na argentinskem ozemlju, argentinski industriji biodizla naloga, ki je običajno v pristojnosti vlade.
World market price (ARS/MT)
Zbornica CARBIO je po razkritju informativnega dokumenta ugovarjala odločitvi Komisije, da mora država odgovarjati za odločitve, ki jih sprejmejo zasebni dobavitelji soje, gojene v zadevni državi.
Argentinian domestic price (ARS/MT)
Da bi bilo izpolnjeno merilo „običajne pristojnosti“, bi bilo po navedbah zbornice CARBIO treba vse odločitve v zvezi s sojo sprejeti v javnem interesu.
Source: Bloomberg and the submission of GOA based on publicly available data.
Vendar je zbornica v svoji predložitvi navedla, da „se lahko država odloči, da bo sprejela ukrepe v zvezi s svojimi naravnimi viri“.
Graph 3 shows a price difference between the Argentinian domestic price and the world market price which can be explained mainly by the export tax on soybeans.
To potrjuje stališče Komisije, da se taka suverenost običajno odraža v regulativni vladni pristojnosti za ureditev izkoriščanja naravnih virov države.
The directing policy of the GOA prevents the soybean growers from realising profits based on world market prices.
Zato ni potrebno, da se vse odločitve v zvezi s sojo sprejmejo v javnem interesu, zato da bi se izpolnilo merilo „običajne pristojnosti“.
The soybean growers are effectively deprived of a rational choice to sell on international markets at much higher prices.
Sicer bi se taki subjekti lahko šteli za „javne organe“, ki bi lahko svoja dejanja pripisali državi, kar pa ne velja za scenarij pooblastila ali navodila.
Instead, they are achieving comparable profits on both the domestic and international market, at the expense of reducing domestic prices by the amount of the export tax.
V skladu s tem zadnjim scenarijem ni potrebno, da je vse ukrepe zasebnih subjektov mogoče pripisati državi, dovolj je že, če to velja za določen proučen ukrep (tj. zagotavljanje surovin za plačilo, nižje od primernega).
Thereby, the GOA suppresses the domestic prices to the benefit of the domestic processing industry.
Zato je Komisija trditev zavrnila in sklenila, da je zagotavljanje surovin, kot je soja, pri uresničevanju ciljev javnega interesa (kot je razvoj industrije biodizla) naloga, ki je običajno v pristojnosti vlade.
The GOA directs by withholding a rational choice from the soybean growers.
Kar zadeva merilo „se dejansko ne razlikuje“, je Komisija ugotovila, da to besedilo izhaja iz poročila posebne skupine o pregledu v skladu s členom XVI:5 iz leta 1960, v katerem je bilo uporabljeno podobno besedilo v zvezi z dajatvami, ki jih financira proizvajalec, za katere se je štelo, da se dejansko ne razlikujejo od vladnih praks obdavčitve in subvencioniranja.
In addition, as can be observed from the chart, the price difference between domestic prices and international prices has not only remained substantial, but has also shielded the biodiesel industry and all other downstream industries (such as the crushers, mainly integrated with biodiesel producers) from the highest price increases on the international market.
Ob upoštevanju navedenega to merilo zahteva pozitivno ugotovitev, da se zagotavljanje blaga s strani pooblaščenih zasebnih organov dejansko ne razlikuje od hipoteze, da je tako blago zagotavljala vlada sama.
Consequently, the GOA's set of measures have achieved their pre-defined goal, namely to reduce domestic prices in the context of rising international prices to the benefit of the domestic value added industry, including biodiesel.
Komisija meni, da je ta zahteva v tem primeru izpolnjena.
In light of the foregoing, the Commission concluded that the soybean growers in Argentina were entrusted or directed to provide soybeans to the domestic biodiesel industry for less than adequate remuneration.
Namesto da bi argentinska vlada zagotavljala surovine neposredno industriji biodizla, da bi se dosegli cilji javne politike argentinske vlade glede spodbujanja in razvoja industrije biodizla, vključno z njenim izvoznim potencialom, s sklopom ukrepov spodbuja zasebne subjekte, da počnejo to v njenem imenu.
The function which would normally be vested in the government and the practice, which, in no real sense, differs from practices normally followed by governments
Po dokončnem razkritju sta argentinska vlada in zbornica CARBIO trdili, da Komisija ni predložila nobenega dokaza, iz katerega bi bilo razvidno, da odločitve dobaviteljev v zasebni lasti o proizvodnji in prodaji soje, ki se prideluje na zemljiščih v zasebni lasti v Argentini, odražajo funkcijo, ki je običajno v pristojnosti argentinske vlade.
With respect to the ‘normally vested’ criterion, which had not been further clarified by the Panel yet, the Commission considered that the provision of raw materials located within a country to national companies is a function which is normally vested in the government.
Komisija je, kot je navedla v uvodni izjavi 164, menila, da je zagotavljanje surovin, ki se nahajajo v državi, nacionalnim družbam funkcija, ki je običajno v pristojnosti vlade.
Under general international law, States have sovereignty over their natural resources.
Argentinska vlada ali zbornica CARBIO nista predložili nobenih vsebinskih argumentov ali dokazov za izpodbijanje te ugotovitve, zato je bila ta trditev zavrnjena.
While they enjoy large discretion how to organise the exploitation of their natural resources, their sovereignty normally translates into a regulatory governmental power to do so.
Argentinska vlada uporablja pridelovalce soje za doseganje določenega cilja politike, take razmere pa niso nič drugačne od razmer, v katerih bi bila argentinska vlada sama neposredna pridelovalka soje.
In this respect, it is irrelevant whether or not a government would habitually engage in this function.
Zaključek
The Commission therefore found that the provision of soybeans located on Argentinian soil to the Argentinian biodiesel industry is a function which is normally vested in the government.
Argentinska vlada je s sklopom ukrepov, vključno z izvoznimi davki, količinskimi omejitvami, subvencijami za domače proizvajalce in javnimi izjavami o politiki spodbujala domače pridelovalce soje, da so sojo prodajali lokalno, ter jim dala „pooblastilo“ ali „navodilo“, naj zagotavljajo to surovino v Argentini za plačilo, nižje od primernega.
Following disclosure of the information document, CARBIO objected to the Commission's decision that a State must be held accountable for the decisions taken by privately owned suppliers of soybeans cultivated within that State.
Z zadevnimi ukrepi je bil dosežen želeni učinek izkrivljanja domačega trga soje v Argentini in znižanja cene na umetno nizko raven v korist industrije biodizla na koncu proizvodne verige.
In order to fulfil the ‘normally vested’ criterion, CARBIO claimed, that all decisions regarding soybeans must be taken for a public purpose.
Naloga zagotavljanja soje za plačilo, nižje od primernega, bi bila glede na javni cilj podpiranja industrije biodizla običajno v pristojnosti vlade, praksa pridelovalcev soje, da opravljajo to nalogo, pa se dejansko ne razlikuje od praks, ki jih običajno izvajajo vlade pri uresničevanju podobnih ciljev politike z drugimi oblikami podpore (kot so nepovratna sredstva ali opuščeni prihodki).
However, as CARBIO stated in its submission, ‘a State may elect to take action regarding its natural resources.’
Komisija je zato sklenila, da je argentinska vlada zagotovila posreden finančni prispevek v smislu člena 3(1)(a)(iv) in (iii) osnovne uredbe, kot se razlaga in uporablja v skladu z ustreznim standardom STO iz člena 1.1(a)(iv) in (iii) Sporazuma o subvencijah in izravnalnih ukrepih.
This confirms the Commission's stance that such sovereignty normally translates into a regulatory governmental power to organise the exploitation of a state's natural resources.
Cenovna ali dohodkovna podpora
Therefore, it is not necessary that all decisions regarding soybeans must be taken for a public purpose in order to fulfil the ‘normally vested’ criterion.
Komisija meni, da se kategoriji „finančni prispevek“/„dohodkovna ali cenovna podpora“ medsebojno ne izključujeta.
Otherwise, such entities could be considered as ‘public bodies’ and attribute their actions to the State, which is not the case under the entrustment or direction scenario.
Dejansko je pritožbeni organ potrdil, da „so različni vladni ukrepi, ki lahko zagotavljajo subvencije [v okviru ‚finančnega prispevka‘], dodatno razširjeni s pojmom ‚dohodkovna ali cenovna podpora‘ iz odstavka 2 člena 1.1(a)“.
Under this latter case, there is no need that all actions from private bodies can be attributed to the State, but only the specific action examined (i.e. the provision of inputs for less than adequate remuneration).
Ta razlaga je tudi skladna s ciljem in namenom Sporazuma o subvencijah in izravnalnih ukrepih, tj. „povečati in izboljšati pravila iz Splošnega sporazuma o carinah in trgovini v zvezi z uporabo subvencij in izravnalnih ukrepov“.
Consequently, the Commission rejected the claim and concluded that the provision of raw materials, such as soybeans, in pursuing objectives of public interests (such as the development of the biodiesel industry) is a function which is normally vested in the government.
Člen XVI Splošnega sporazuma o carinah in trgovini iz leta 1994 vključuje „vse subvencije, vključno s kakršno koli obliko dohodkovne ali cenovne podpore, ki se uporablja neposredno ali posredno za povečanje izvoza katerega koli izdelka z ozemlja [države članice STO] ali zmanjšanje uvoza katerega koli izdelka na njeno ozemlje“.
As regards the ‘in no real sense differs’ criterion, the Commission noted that the language originated in the 1960 report of the Panel on Review Pursuant to Article XVI:5, in which similar language was used in respect of producer-funded levies that were deemed not to differ, in any real sense, from government practices of taxation and subsidisation.
Izraz „kakršna koli oblika“ izraža širok obseg te kategorije v smislu, da vključuje vse oblike, ki neposredno ali posredno zagotavljajo dohodkovno ali cenovno podporo.
Against that background, this criterion requires an affirmative finding that the provision of goods by the entrusted private bodies does not, in any real sense, differ from the hypothesis that the government had provided such goods itself.
V tem smislu se slovarski pomen besede „oblika“ nanaša na „enega od različnih načinov obstoja ali izražanja stvari; vrsto ali sorto“, pa tudi „način, metodo“.
The Commission considers this to be the case.
Tako izraz „kakršna koli oblika“ vključuje kakršen koli način, na katerega vlada nekomu zagotavlja dohodkovno ali cenovno podporo.
Rather than providing the inputs directly to the biodiesel industry in order to achieve the GOA's public policy objectives of boosting the development of the biodiesel industry, including its export potential, the GOA through a set of measures induces private entities to do so on behalf of the GOA.
„Podpora“ pomeni „ukrep, ki prispeva k uspehu ali ohranjanju vrednosti nečesa“.
Following final disclosure, the GOA and CARBIO claimed that the Commission failed to provide any evidence showing that decisions taken by privately owned suppliers on the production and sales of soybeans, cultivated on privately owned land in Argentina, reflect a function that is normally vested in the GOA.
Izraz „podpora“ se pogosto uporablja v okviru kmetijstva, saj se nanaša na vladne programe podpore.
As the Commission set out in recital (164), it considered that the provision of raw materials located within a country to national companies is a function which is normally vested in the government.
V tej zadevi se pomen izraza „podpora“ iz člena 1.1(a)(2) Sporazuma o subvencijah in izravnalnih ukrepih nanaša na ukrep vlade, ki prispeva k uspehu ali ohranjanju vrednosti cen ali dohodka, ki ga nekdo prejema.
The GOA or CARBIO did not provide any substantive arguments or evidence rebutting this conclusion and therefore this claim was rejected.
Nazadnje, navedba „v smislu člena XVI Splošnega sporazuma o carinah in trgovini iz leta 1994“ pomeni vse oblike dohodkovne ali cenovne podpore, s katero se neposredno ali posredno poveča izvoz „katerega koli izdelka“ z ozemlja države članice STO ali zmanjša uvoz tega izdelka na njeno ozemlje.
The GOA uses soybean growers to achieve a particular policy objective which does not differ to a situation where the GOA itself were the grower of the soybeans directly.
Ta možni ali dejanski učinek je izrecno obravnavan v členu XVI:1 Sporazuma o carinah in trgovini iz leta 1994: „[…] vključno s kakršno koli obliko dohodkovne ali cenovne podpore, ki se uporablja neposredno ali posredno za povečanje izvoza katerega koli izdelka z ozemlja [države članice STO] ali zmanjšanje uvoza katerega koli izdelka na njeno ozemlje“.
Conclusion
Na kratko, člen 3(1)(b) osnovne uredbe zajema vladne ukrepe v kakršni koli obliki, ki nekomu neposredno ali posredno zagotavljajo dohodkovno ali cenovno podporo in potencialno ali dejansko vplivajo na povečevanje izvoza katerega koli izdelka z ozemlja države članice STO ali zmanjševanje uvoza tega izdelka na njenem ozemlju.