natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The supplementary letter referred in particular to a number of concerns raised by the Commission in respect to the market for retail of electricity to small customers, such as the high market concentration, low switching rates and vertical integration of ČEZ group.
Dopolnilni dopis se je zlasti skliceval na številne pomisleke Komisije v zvezi z maloprodajnim trgom električne energije za male odjemalce, kot so visoka tržna koncentracija, malo menjav odjemalcev in vertikalna integracija skupine ČEZ.
The Request was also accompanied by a consultant report (hereinafter referred to as ‘the CRA Report’).
Zahtevku je bilo priloženo tudi poročilo svetovalnega podjetja (v nadaljnjem besedilu: svetovalno poročilo).
The Commission submitted to the Applicant requests for additional information on 31 January 2017, 24 March 2017, 27 March 2017, 21 April 2017, 1 June 2017, 28 June 2017 and 21 December 2017 to which the Applicant replied on 16 February 2017, 28 March 2017, 31 March 2017, 3 May 2017, 10 May 2017, 9 June 2017, 1 August 2017 and 12 April 2018.
PRAVNI OKVIR
Moreover, at the request of the Applicant, the Commission met the representatives of the Applicant on 31 January 2017, 28 February 2017, 29 March 2017, 30 May 2017 and 9 June 2017.
Direktiva 2014/25/EU se uporablja za oddajo javnih naročil za opravljanje dejavnosti, povezanih z maloprodajo električne energije in plina, razen če je ta dejavnost izvzeta v skladu s členom 34 navedene direktive.
The Applicant provided also supplementary information on 27 January 2017.
Direktiva 2014/25/EU določa, da se za javna naročila, katerih namen je omogočiti izvajanje ene od dejavnosti, za katere velja direktiva, direktiva ne uporablja, če je dejavnost v državi članici, v kateri se opravlja, neposredno izpostavljena konkurenci na trgih, do katerih dostop ni omejen.
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
Neposredna izpostavljenost konkurenci se oceni na podlagi objektivnih meril, pri čemer se upoštevajo posebne značilnosti zadevnega sektorja.
Directive 2014/25/EU applies to the award of contracts for the pursuit of activities related to the retail supply of electricity and gas, unless this activity is exempted pursuant to Article 34 of that Directive.
OCENA
Under Directive 2014/25/EU, contracts intended to enable the performance of one of the activities to which the Directive applies are not to be subject to the Directive if, in the Member State in which the activity is carried out, it is directly exposed to competition on markets to which access is not restricted.
NEOMEJEN DOSTOP DO TRGA
Direct exposure to competition is assessed on the basis of objective criteria, taking account of the specific characteristics of the sector concerned.
Šteje se, da dostop do trga ni omejen, če zadevna država članica pri odpiranju določenega sektorja ali njegovega dela konkurenci izvaja in uporablja ustrezno zakonodajo Unije.
ASSESSMENT
Ta zakonodaja je navedena v Prilogi III k Direktivi 2014/25/EU.
UNRESTRICTED ACCESS TO THE MARKET
V zvezi s sektorjem električne energije ta zakonodaja obsega Direktivo 2009/72/ES Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta.
Access to a market is deemed not to be restricted if the Member State concerned has implemented and applied the relevant Union legislation opening a given sector or a part of it.
V zvezi s sektorjem zemeljskega plina ta zakonodaja obsega Direktivo 2009/73/ES Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta.
That legislation is listed in Annex III to Directive 2014/25/EU.
Češka republika je prenesla Direktivo 2009/72/ES in Direktivo 2009/73/ES v svojo nacionalno zakonodajo z aktom št. 458/2000 zb. o pogojih poslovanja in državne uprave na trgih energije (v nadaljnjem besedilu: energetski zakon).
As regards the electricity sector, it consists of Directive 2009/72/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council.
Dne 7. decembra 2017 je Komisija na ministra za zunanje zadeve Češke republike naslovila uradni opomin (sklic na postopek ugotavljanja kršitev št. 2017/2152) v zvezi z nepravilnim prenosom Direktive 2009/72/ES in Direktive 2009/73/ES v češki pravni red.
As regards the natural gas sector, it consists of Directive 2009/73/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council.
Glede na to, da se predpostavka o neomejenem dostopu do trga iz prvega pododstavka člena 34(3) Direktive 2014/25/EU ne bi smela uporabljati za zadeve, ki so del postopka ugotavljanja kršitev, je Komisija po elektronski pošti 21. decembra 2017 od prijavitelja zahtevala, da poda svoje ugotovitve o tej zadevi in pojasni, ali je dostop do trga v skladu z drugim pododstavkom člena 34(3) Direktive 2014/25/EU dejansko in pravno prost.
The Czech Republic has transposed Directives 2009/72/EC and 2009/73/EC in its national law through Act No 458/2000 Coll on conditions of business and state administration in energy markets (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Energy Act’).
Prijavitelj je v svojem odgovoru z dne 12. aprila 2018 pojasnil, da dostop do trga dejansko ni omejen, glavni argumenti pa so bili: nizki stroški vstopa, neobstoj drugih vstopnih ovir, veliko število izdanih licenc za trgovanje z električno energijo in plinom ter veliko število prodajalcev, trenutno dejavnih na trgih maloprodaje električne energije in plina.
On 7 December 2017, the Commission addressed a letter of formal notice (‘LFN’) to the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic (Ref infringement procedure No 2017/2152) regarding incorrect transposition of Directives 2009/72/EC and 2009/73/EC into the Czech legal order.
Poleg tega je prijavitelj pojasnil, da način, kako se določbe iz zakonodaje Unije, vključene v uradni opomin, odražajo v nacionalni zakonodaji, ni povzročil pravne omejitve dostopa do trgov maloprodaje električne energije in plina.
Given that the presumption of unrestricted access to the market provided for in the first subparagraph of Article 34(3) of Directive 2014/25/EU should not apply for the matters subject to the infringement procedure, the Commission requested by email of 21 December 2017, the Applicant to provide its observations on this matter and explain whether the access to the market is not restricted de facto and de jure, in accordance with the second subparagraph of Article 34(3) of Directive 2014/25/EU.
Prijavitelj je v tem smislu tudi trdil, da posebna vprašanja, izpostavljena v postopku ugotavljanja kršitev, niso zadevala dostopa do trga ali pa so bila z njim povezana samo potencialno.
The Applicant in its reply of 12 April 2018 explained that access to the market is not restricted de facto and the main arguments were: the low cost of entry, inexistence of other barriers to entry, the large number of licences granted for trading electricity and gas and the large number of retailers currently active on the markets for retail supply of electricity and retail of gas.
Kar zadeva vprašanje, ali je dostop do trga dejansko prost, se Komisija strinja z argumenti prijavitelja, zlasti kar zadeva obstoj velikega števila prodajalcev, dejavnih na nacionalni ravni na trgih maloprodaje električne energije plina in trgih maloprodaje plina, kar kaže na to, da dostop dejansko ni oviran.
Moreover, the Applicant explained that the way in which the provisions Union law concerned by the LFN were reflected in national law did not result in a de jure restriction to access to the markets of retail of electricity and gas.
Kar zadeva vprašanje, ali dostop do trga ni omejen pravno, je Komisija pozorno upoštevala razlago prijavitelja glede načina, kako so zadeve iz uradnega opomina bile obravnavane v nacionalni zakonodaji.
The Applicant also argued in this context that the specific issues, raised in the infringement procedure, either did not concern access to market or were only potentially related to it.
Komisija je ta pojasnila analizirala z vidika zahtev iz Direktive 2014/25/EU, da bi ocenila, ali bi lahko določbe v nacionalni zakonodaji in pomisleki v zvezi z njimi, izpostavljeni v postopku ugotavljanja kršitev, privedli do pravnega oviranja dostopa do trga v smislu člena 34 Direktive 2014/25/EU.
As regards the question of whether the access to market is free de facto the Commission agrees with the arguments brought by the Applicant and in particular with the existence of a large number of retailers active at national level on the markets for retail supply of electricity and the market for retail supply of gas, which indicates that access to the market is, de facto, not restricted.
Po pregledu argumentov prijavitelja se Komisija strinja z argumentom, ki je osnova vsem pojasnilom prijavitelja, in sicer, da posebna vprašanja, izpostavljena v postopku ugotavljanja kršitev, ne zadevajo neposredno dostopa do trga.
As regards the question of whether the access to market is not restricted de jure, the Commission has taken good note of the Applicant's explanations regarding the way in which the concerns raised in the LFN were addressed in the national law.
Komisija prav tako upošteva argument prijavitelja, da je ustrezno obravnavati češki pravni sistem v celoti, zlasti kar zadeva obveznost razlage zadevnih določb nacionalne zakonodaje na način, ki je skladen z zahtevami prava EU.
The Commission analysed those explanations in the light of requirements of Directive 2014/25/EU, i.e. in order to assess whether the provisions of national law and the concerns related to them and raised in the infringement procedure could result in a de jure restriction of access to market, within the meaning of Article 34 of Directive 2014/25/EU.
Zato Komisija meni, da ob pomislekih, ki še vedno ostajajo v postopku ugotavljanja kršitev, in brez poseganja v navedeni postopek ugotavljanja kršitev dostop do trga na območju Češke republike za namene tega sklepa in postopka na podlagi Direktive 2014/25/EU pravno ni omejen.
Having reviewed the arguments of the Applicant, the Commission agrees with the argument underlying all of the Applicant's explanations that the specific issues raised in the infringement procedure do not directly concern access to the market.
Na osnovi navedenih zaključkov Komisija meni, da je pogoj v zvezi z neomejenim dostopom do trga iz člena 34(1) Direktive 2014/25/EU v tem primeru izpolnjen.
The Commission also takes into account the argument of Applicant that it is appropriate to consider the Czech legal system as a whole, in particular as regards the obligation to interpret the relevant provisions of national law in a way which is conform to the requirements of EU law.
NEPOSREDNA IZPOSTAVLJENOST KONKURENCI
Therefore, while the concerns identified in the infringement procedure still persist, and without prejudice to that infringement procedure, for the purposes of this Decision and the procedure pursuant to Directive 2014/25/EU, the Commission considers that access to the market is not restricted de jure on the territory of the Czech Republic.
Neposredno izpostavljenost konkurenci bi bilo treba oceniti na podlagi različnih kazalnikov, od katerih sam po sebi nobeden ni odločilen.
Based on the preceding conclusions the Commission considers that the condition of unrestricted access to market, referred to in Article 34(1) of Directive 2014/25/EU, is fulfilled in the present case.
Pri trgih, na katere se nanaša ta odločba, je eno od meril, ki jih je treba upoštevati, tržni delež glavnih udeležencev.
DIRECT EXPOSURE TO COMPETITION
Glede na značilnosti zadevnih trgov bi bilo treba upoštevati tudi druga merila.
Direct exposure to competition should be evaluated on the basis of various indicators, none of which are, per se, decisive.
Ta sklep ne posega v uporabo pravil o konkurenci in na druga področja prava Unije.
In respect of the markets concerned by this Decision, the market share of the main players on a given market constitutes one criterion which should be taken into account.
Zlasti merila in metodologija, uporabljena pri oceni neposredne izpostavljenosti konkurenci v skladu s členom 34 Direktive 2014/25/EU, niso nujno enaka tistim, uporabljenim pri oceni v skladu s členom 101 ali 102 PDEU ali Uredbo Sveta (ES) št. 139/2004.
Given the characteristics of the markets concerned, further criteria should also be taken into account.
Ta vidik je izpostavilo Splošno sodišče v nedavni sodbi.
This Decision is without prejudice to the application of the rules on competition and other fields of Union law.
Upoštevati bi bilo treba, da je cilj tega sklepa ugotoviti, ali so dejavnosti, na katere se nanaša zahtevek, izpostavljene stopnji konkurence (na trgih, do katerih dostop ni omejen v smislu člena 34 Direktive 2014/25/EU), ki bo tudi ob odsotnosti discipline, dosežene s podrobnimi pravili o javnem naročanju iz Direktive 2014/25/EU, zagotovila pregledno in nediskriminacijsko izvajanje javnih naročil za opravljanje zadevnih dejavnosti na podlagi meril, ki naročnikom omogočajo ugotoviti, katera rešitev je v celoti ekonomsko najugodnejša.
In particular, the criteria and the methodology used to assess direct exposure to competition under Article 34 of Directive 2014/25/EU are not necessarily identical to those used to perform an assessment under Article 101 or 102 TFEU or Council Regulation (EC) No 139/2004.
V tem okviru je pomembno omeniti, da na zadevnih trgih pravila o javnem naročanju ne veljajo za vse tržne udeležence.
This point was upheld by the General Court in a recent judgment.
Zato bi običajno imele družbe, za katere navedena pravila ne veljajo, pri delovanju na teh trgih možnost ustvarjanja konkurenčnega pritiska na tržne udeležence, za katere veljajo pravila o javnem naročanju.
It should be kept in mind that the aim of this Decision is to establish whether the activities concerned by the Request are exposed to a level of competition, on markets to which access is not restricted within the meaning of Article 34 of Directive 2014/25/EU, which will ensure that, also in the absence of the discipline brought about by the detailed procurement rules set out in Directive 2014/25/EU, procurement for the pursuit of the activities concerned will be carried out in a transparent, non-discriminatory manner based on criteria allowing purchasers to identify the solution which overall is the economically most advantageous one.
UPOŠTEVNI PROIZVODNI TRGI
In this context, it is important to mention that, in the markets concerned, not all market players are subject to the public procurement rules.
Maloprodaja električne energije
Therefore, the companies which are not subject to those rules, when acting on those markets, would normally have the possibility to exert competitive pressure on the market players which are subject to the public procurement rules.
Kot je Komisija ugotovila v preteklosti, maloprodaja električne energije obsega celotno prodajo električne energije končnim odjemalcem, torej gospodinjstvom ter malim industrijskim in poslovnim odjemalcem na eni strani (tj. odjemalcem, pri katerih se ne izvajajo stalne meritve in so priključeni na nizkonapetostno omrežje) ter velikim industrijskim in poslovnim odjemalcem na drugi strani (tj. odjemalcem, pri katerih se izvajajo polurne meritve in so običajno priključeni na srednje- in visokonapetostno omrežje).
RELEVANT PRODUCT MARKETS
V svoji praksi odločanja je češki NUVK preučil tudi razdelitev trga maloprodaje na različne kategorije končnih odjemalcev, vendar je na koncu opredelitev pustil odprto.
Retail supply of electricity
Prijavitelj razlikuje med tremi različnimi kategorijami odjemalcev:
As the Commission has found in the past, the retail supply of electricity encompasses the overall sale of electricity to final customers, that is household and small industrial and commercial customers on the one hand (i.e. customers who are not subject to continual metering and connected to the low voltage grid) and large industrial and commercial customers on the other hand (i.e. customers who are ‘half-hourly metered’ and typically connected to high and medium voltage grids).
veliki poslovni odjemalci, označeni kot (i) odjemalci s „samodejnimi stalnimi meritvami“, v bistvu odjemalci z meritvami bremena, ki so priključeni na visoko- in srednjenapetostno omrežje, in (ii) odjemalci z „ročnimi stalnimi meritvami“, v bistvu odjemalci, ki so priključeni na nizkonapetostno omrežje.
In its decisional practice, the Czech NCA also considered a segmentation of the retail market by different categories of final customers, but ultimately left the definition open.
Veliki odjemalci od dobaviteljev običajno prejemajo individualizirane pogodbe ali električno energijo kupujejo neposredno na borzah.
The Applicant differentiates between three categories of customers.
Leta 2015 so v celotni porabi električne energije pomenili približno […], kar je količinsko gledano […] TWh od […] TWh;
Large commercial customers, identified by (i) ‘automated continual metering’ customers — essentially load-measured customers that are connected to the high and medium voltage grid; and (ii) ‘manual continual metering’ customers — essentially customers that are connected to the low voltage grid.
mali poslovni odjemalci in gospodinjstva, označeni z „nestalne meritve“.
Large customers typically receive individualised offers from suppliers or buy electricity directly on commodity exchanges.
Ti odjemalci od dobaviteljev prejemajo standardizirane pogodbe in od leta 2006 lahko prosto izbirajo dobavitelja električne energije.
In 2015, they represented around […] of total electricity consumption, namely in volume, […] TWh out of […] TWh.
Leta 2015 je ta kategorija v celotni porabi električne energije pomenila približno […], kar je količinsko gledano […] TWh od […] TWhGlej svetovalno poročilo, stran 18, tabela 3.
Small commercial customers and households, identified by ‘non-continual metering’.
drugi odjemalci.
These customers receive standardised offers from suppliers and are free to choose their electricity supplier since 2006.
Ta tretja kategorija je sestavljena iz velikih poslovnih odjemalcev, kot so operaterji lokalnih distribucijskih con, ki so hkrati proizvajalci električni energije, prodajalci na drobno in industrijski parki, priključeni na lokalne distribucijske cone.
In 2015, this category represented around […] of total electricity consumption, namely in volume, […] TWh out of […] TWhSee CRA Report, page 18, Table 3.
Ti veliki odjemalci lahko električno energijo kupujejo od drugih dobaviteljev, ki niso operaterji lokalnih distribucijskih con, zato sodijo v kategorijo velikih odjemalcev, kot je opredeljena zgoraj.
Other customers.
Leta 2015 je ta tretja kategorija v celotni porabi električne energije pomenila približno […] %, kar je količinsko gledano […] TWh od […] TWh.
This third category consists of large commercial customers such as operators of the local distribution zones (‘LDZs’) who are at the same time electricity producers and retailers and industrial parks connected to LDZs.
Ob upoštevanju dejavnikov, navedenih v uvodnih izjavah od (21) do (23), so za oceno, ali so pogoji iz člena 34 Direktive 2014/25/EU izpolnjeni, in brez poseganja v uporabo drugega prava Unije upoštevni proizvodni trgi za namene tega sklepa in, kar zadeva maloprodajo električne energije v Češki republiki, naslednji: (a) maloprodaja električne energije velikim odjemalcem (veliki industrijski in poslovni odjemalci s stalnimi meritvami, vključno s tistimi iz tretje kategorije, omenjene v uvodni izjavi 23(c)) in (b) maloprodaja električne energije malim odjemalcem (gospodinjstva in mali poslovni odjemalci z nestalnimi meritvami).
These large customers may purchase electricity from other suppliers than the operators of the LDZs, therefore they fall under the category of large customers as defined above.
Maloprodaja zemeljskega plina
In 2015, this third category accounted for around […] % of total electricity consumption, namely, in volume, […] TWh out of […] TWh.
Kar zadeva maloprodajo plina, Komisija razlikuje med dobavo zemeljskega plina malim odjemalcem in dobavo zemeljskega plina velikim odjemalcem, ki so razdeljeni na velike industrijske odjemalce in elektrarne.
In view of the factors listed in recitals 21 to 23, for the purposes of assessing whether the conditions laid down in Article 34 of Directive 2014/25/EU are fulfilled, and without prejudice to the application of other Union law, the relevant product markets for this Decision, as regards the retail supply of electricity in the Czech Republic, are the following: (a) retail supply of electricity to large customers (continual metering large industrial and commercial consumers including those in the third category mentioned in recital 23(c)); and (b) retail supply of electricity to small customers (non-continual metering households and small commercial customers).
V svojem sklepu M.4238 E.ON/PP v zvezi s češkim maloprodajnim trgom plina je Komisija pustila opredelitev odprto, saj zadevna transakcija pod nobeno alternativno opredelitvijo ni povzročila pomislekov glede konkurence.
Retail supply of natural gas
V svoji praksi odločanja je češki NUVK preučil tudi razdelitev trga maloprodaje plina na različne kategorije končnih odjemalcev, vendar je na koncu opredelitev pustil odprto.
In respect of retail supply of gas, the Commission differentiates between the supply of natural gas to small customers and the supply of natural gas to large customers, which are subdivided into large industrial customers and power stations.
Prijavitelj tudi razlikuje med velikimi in malimi odjemalci plina.
In its Decision M.4238 — E.ON/PP concerning the Czech gas retail market, the Commission left the definition open, as the transaction concerned did not lead to competition concerns under any alternative definition.
Veliki odjemalci plina so poslovni odjemalci s (i) samodejnimi stalnimi meritvami z daljinskim (A) ali (B) mesečnim odčitavanjem z letno porabo vsaj 4,2 GWh ali z (ii) neintervalnimi meritvami z mesečnim odčitavanjem z letno porabo med 0,63 GWh in 4,2 GWh.
In its decisional practice, the Czech NCA also considered a segmentation of the gas retail market by the different categories of final customers, but ultimately left the definition open.
Od dobaviteljev običajno prejemajo individualizirane ponudbe.
The Applicant also differentiates between large and small gas supply customers.
Mali odjemalci so poslovni odjemalci in gospodinjstva z neintervalnimi meritvami z odčitavanjem, ki ni mesečno odčitavanje, z letno porabo pod 0,63 GWh.
Large gas supply customers are commercial customers with (i) automated continual metering with remote (A) or monthly (B) reading that have annual consumption of at least 4,2 GWh; or with (ii) non-interval metering with monthly reading that have annual consumption of between 0,63 and 4,2 GWh.
Običajno prejemajo standardizirane ponudbe.
They normally receive individualised offers from suppliers.
Vsaki kategoriji se lahko pripiše približno polovica celotne porabe plina.
Small customers are commercial and household customers with non-interval metering with other than monthly reading that have annual consumption of less than 0,63 GWh.
Ob upoštevanju dejavnikov, navedenih v uvodnih izjavah (25) do (28), so za oceno, ali so pogoji iz člena 34 Direktive 2014/25/EU izpolnjeni, in brez poseganja v uporabo drugega prava Unije upoštevni proizvodni trgi naslednji: (a) maloprodaja zemeljskega plina velikim odjemalcem; (b) maloprodaja zemeljskega plina malim odjemalcem.
They generally receive standardised offers.
UPOŠTEVNI GEOGRAFSKI TRGI
Each category accounts for around half of the total gas consumption.
Komisija je v preteklosti ugotovila, da je maloprodaja električne energije velikim odjemalcem nacionalnega obsega, medtem ko se za maloprodajo električne energije malim odjemalcem lahko upoštevajo ožji regionalni trgi.
In view of the factors listed in recitals 25 to 28, for the purposes of assessing whether the conditions laid down in Article 34 of Directive 2014/25/EU are fulfilled, and without prejudice to the application of other Union law, the relevant product markets are the following: (a) retail supply of natural gas to large customers; (b) retail supply of natural gas to small customers.
V sklepu M. 4238 E.ON/PP v zvezi s češkim maloprodajnim trgom je na podlagi preiskave trga bilo potrjeno, da je trg v primeru maloprodaje električne energije vsaj nacionalen.
RELEVANT GEOGRAPHIC MARKETS
Vendar je natančni geografski obseg trga ostal odprt.