natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
According to a customer survey carried out by the Applicant, small customers across the three distribution areas would switch electricity supplier ‘in response to price increases of 5-10 %’.
V mnenju NUVK je navedeno tudi, da so dobavitelji svojim odjemalcem začeli ponujati konkurenčne pogodbe z občutnimi popusti, da bi jih zadržali, posledično pa se je, glede na notranje podatke ČEZ Prodej, pomemben del njihovih odjemalcev odločil sprejeti bolj ugodno ceno od ČEZ Prodej kot pa da bi menjali dobavitelja.
The NCA Opinion indicated that according to the customer survey ordered by ČEZ Prodej, customers are very sensitive to prices and willing to switch.
Mnenje NUVK ugotavlja, da je z združitvijo stopnje zunanjih menjav s stopnjo notranjih menjav pri ČEZ Prodej skupna stopnja menjav v gospodinjstvih bila […] %.
Moreover, the NCA Opinion indicated that ‘suppliers started to make pro-competitive retention offers to their customers with significant discounts’ and consequently, based on internal data of ČEZ Prodej, ‘a substantial part of the customers of ČEZ Prodej that would otherwise switch to another supplier chose switching to a more advantageous price of ČEZ Prodej’.
Vendar Komisija ugotavlja, da so stopnje notranjih menjav, glede na zadnje javno razpoložljive informacije, v gospodinjstvih v Češki republiki precej nizke.
Also, the NCA Opinion concluded that by combining external switching rate with the internal switching rate of ČEZ Prodej, the combined level of switching rates for households was of […] %.
Konkretno, triletno povprečje stopenj notranjih menjav dobaviteljev električne energije v gospodinjstvih dosega samo 2 %, medtem ko petletno povprečje stopenj zunanjih menjav dobaviteljev električne energije v gospodinjstvih dosega 6 %.
The Commission notes however that, according to the latest available public information, internal switching rates for households appear to be rather low in the Czech Republic.
Poleg tega Komisija ugotavlja, da češki nacionalni regulator (ERO) v zvezi z maloprodajnim trgom električne energije izpostavlja določene nejasne pogodbene pogoje v pogodbah za določeno obdobje s samodejnim podaljševanjem, kar lahko odjemalcem oteži ugotovitev datuma in pogojev, pod katerimi lahko odpovedo pogodbo.
In particular, the three-year average of internal switching rates of electricity for household customers' accounts for 2 % only, while the five-year average of external switching of electricity for household customers is 6 %.
Iste ugotovitve v zvezi s pogodbami za določeno obdobje s samodejnim podaljševanjem so bile ponovno predstavljene v zadnjem razpoložljivem nacionalnem poročilu ERO za leto 2016.
Moreover, the Commission notes that the Czech National Regulator (ERO) points out, in relation to the retail market for electricity, certain unclear contractual conditions in fixed-term contracts with automatic extension, which may make it more difficult for customers to identify the dates and conditions on which contracts can be terminated.
Dostop do veleprodajnega trga električne energije
The same point regarding contracts with fixed term and automatic extension was reiterated in the latest available ERO National Report of 2016.
Likvidnost veleprodajnega trga je pomemben kazalnik konkurence, saj zadostne količine na strani ponudbe in povpraševanja za ustrezne veleprodajne produkte (npr. za osnovno obremenitev, konično obremenitev, urne bloke za različne časovne okvire) dobaviteljem, ki nimajo lastne proizvodnje, nudijo priložnosti za zagotavljanje virov in varovanje pred tveganjem, kar jim omogoča vstop na maloprodajni trg in konkuriranje vertikalno integriranim dobaviteljem z lastnimi proizvodnimi zmogljivostmi.
Access to wholesale electricity
Skupina ČEZ ostaja daleč največji proizvajalec električne energije
The liquidity of the wholesale market is a relevant indicator for competition, as sufficient volumes on both the supply and the demand side for the relevant wholesale products (e.g. baseload, peak load, hourly blocs for different timeframes) provide sourcing and hedging opportunities to suppliers that do not dispose of own generation, enabling them to enter the retail markets and to compete with vertically integrated suppliers with own generation capacity.
Na ravni proizvodnje je skupina ČEZ proizvedla […] % električne energije, proizvedene v Češki republiki v letu 2016.
ČEZ group remains by far the largest electricity generator
Drugi največji proizvajalec (Elektrárna Počerady a.s.) je imel […]-odstotni tržni delež, naslednji trije največji proizvajalci (Sokolovská Uhelná a.s., Elektrárna Dětmarovice a.s. in Severní Energetická a.s.) pa so vsi bili pod […] %.
At the generation level, ČEZ group produced […] % of the electricity generated in the Czech Republic in 2016.
Naslednjih šest proizvajalcev je bilo pod 3 %, preostanek kategorije (približno 17 % proizvedene električne energije) pa je obsegal veliko majhnih sončnih/vetrnih elektrarn ter kmetijskih podjetij.
The second largest generator (Elektrárna Počerady a.s.) had a […] % market share and the following three largest generators (Sokolovská Uhelná a.s., Elektrárna Dětmarovice a.s. and Severní Energetická a.s.) were all below […] % each.
E.ON, PRE in drugi manjši prodajalci na drobno (npr. Bohemia Energy, CENTROPOL) v Češki republiki nimajo lastnih proizvodnih sredstev.
The following six producers were below 3 % and the remaining category (representing around 17 % of the electricity generated) consisted in a multitude of small solar/wind power plants and agricultural undertakings.
Zato skupina ČEZ ostaja največji proizvajalec električne energije v Češki republiki.
E.ON, PRE and the other smaller retailers (e.g. Bohemia Energy, CENTROPOL) do not own generation assets in the Czech Republic.
Njen tržni delež na ravni proizvodnje odraža njen privilegirani dostop do najcenejših proizvodnih virov v Češki republiki (jedrsko gorivo, lignit, premog).
ČEZ group remains therefore the largest electricity generator of the Czech Republic.
Kar zadeva proizvodnjo v jedrskih elektrarnah, je treba poudariti, da je v obdobju 2016–2017 skupino ČEZ prizadelo več padcev proizvodnje na njenih številnih jedrskih reaktorjih […].
Its market share at generation level reflects its privileged access to the cheapest sources of generation in the Czech Republic (nuclear, lignite, coal).
Glede na češki dolgoročni strateški energetski načrt bi morala proizvodnja v jedrskih elektrarnah do leta 2050 znašati polovico skupne porabe električne energije v državi (od sedanje ene tretjine).
As regards nuclear generation, it should be noted that in 2016-2017, ČEZ group experienced several shortfalls at a number of its nuclear reactors […].
Češki organi načrtujejo postopno zaprtje štirih enot jedrske elektrarne Dukovany od leta 2035 naprej, hkrati pa načrtujejo izgradnjo novih reaktorjev na dveh obstoječih jedrskih lokacijah (Dukovany in Temelin) z možnostjo državnega nakupa jedrskega dela skupine ČEZ ali pa financiranja novih elektrarn s strani skupine ČEZ.
Under the Czech long-term energy strategy plan of the Czech Republic, nuclear generation should account for around half of the country's total electricity consumption by 2050 (up from around one third at present).
V tem scenariju, s polnim ponovnim zagonom reaktorjev in predvidenim povečanjem proizvodnje v naslednjem letu, se bo tržni delež skupine ČEZ v proizvodnji predvidoma povečal na prejšnjo raven.
The Czech authorities plan to phase out four units at Dukovany from 2035 onwards and at the same time they plan to build new reactors at the two existing nuclear sites (Dukovany and Temelin) with an option either for the State to acquire ČEZ group's nuclear division or for ČEZ group to finance the new plants.
Uporaba veleprodajnega trga
In this scenario, with the full re-start of its reactors and forecast increase of power generation for next year, ČEZ group's share of the generation market will likely increase to previous levels.
Na veleprodajni ravni se električna energija prodaja interno znotraj vertikalno integriranih družb, ki so dejavne na področju proizvodnje in maloprodaje (kot so enote skupine ČEZ), ali pa se prodaja prek različnih kanalov: prek izrecno dvostranskih (OTC) ali dogovorjenih pogodb; na terminskih trgih, ki jih organizira borza Power Exchange Central Europe, a.s.
Use of the wholesale market
(„PXE“) ali borza Czech Moravian Commodity Exchange Kladno („CMCEK“); na promptnih trgih, ki jih organizira češki operater trga električne energije in plina, podjetje OTE a.s.
At the wholesale level, electricity is either sold internally within vertically integrated undertakings carrying out both generation and retail supply activities (such as ČEZ group entities) or traded through various channels: under purely bilateral (over-the-counter or ‘OTC’) or brokered contracts; at the futures markets organised by Power Exchange Central Europe, a.s.
Trgovci z električno energijo lahko za nakup in prodajo uporabijo katero koli kombinacijo dvostranskih pogodb in borznih produktov, vključno s platformo OTE in tujimi borzami.
(‘PXE’) or the Czech Moravian Commodity Exchange Kladno (‘CMCEK’); and at spot markets organised by the Czech electricity and gas market operator, the company OTE a.s.
Veleprodajna cena na borzi PXE tradicionalno sledi cenam na borzi EEX.
Electricity traders can use any combination of bilateral contracts and energy exchange products, including OTE's platforms and foreign exchanges, for buying and selling.
V tem smislu prijavitelj trdi, da družba ČEZ Prodej nima konkurenčne prednosti pred drugimi prodajalci na drobno, ki električno energijo kupujejo na borzi PXE, saj […].
Wholesale prices at the PXE exchange traditionally follow the prices on the EEX exchange.
Vendar je treba poudariti, da ta cenovna raven temelji izključno na pogodbenem dogovoru med dvema družbama, ki pripadata isti skupini, zato se lahko kadar koli spremeni in nima vpliva na celotni dobiček skupine ČEZ.
In this regard, the Applicant claims that ČEZ Prodej has no competitive advantage compared with other retailers on the market procuring their electricity on the PXE exchange, because […].
Količine, s katerimi se je v Češki republiki leta 2016 trgovalo na veleprodajnih trgih (promptnem ali terminskem, pogodbeno dogovorjene ali dosežene na borzah) ([…] TWh), so predstavljale približno […] letne porabe električne energije.
However, it should be noted that this price level is based on a purely contractual arrangement between two companies belonging to the same group, and can therefore be changed at any time and has no impact on the total profit of ČEZ group.
Zlasti so količine OTC, sklenjene prek posredniških platform, kot je Trayport, v letu 2016 dosegle […] TWh (od skupne trgovane količine […] TWh) in so od leta 2008 nekoliko narasle ([…] TWh).
The volumes traded on the wholesale markets (spot and forward, brokered and exchanges) in the Czech Republic in 2016 ([…] TWh) were around […] the amount of annual electricity consumption.
Za primerjavo, velikost nemškega veleprodajnega trga je bila desetkrat večja od skupne količine odjema električne energije.
In particular, OTC volumes traded on broker platforms such as Trayport amounted to […] TWh (out of a total traded volume of […] TWh) in 2016, increasing slightly since 2008 ([…] TWh).
V Češki republiki je bil zabeležen majhen obseg trgovanja s terminskimi pogodbami na največji borzi (PXE), medtem ko so na domačih trgovalnih mestih, kot je CMCEK, bile dosežene zelo majhne količine (2–3 TWh).
In comparison, the size of the German wholesale market was ten times bigger than the total volumes of electricity withdrawals.
Trgovalne količine na trgih za dan vnaprej in znotraj dneva (promptni trg OTE), ki jih prodajalci na drobno potrebujejo, da se lahko zanesejo na veleprodajne trge, so se od leta 2008 povečale, vendar količine ostajajo majhne.
In the Czech Republic, low futures trading volumes were registered in the largest power exchange (PXE), while very small volumes (2-3 TWh) were traded in domestic trading venues such as the CMCEK.
Pomanjkljivi podatki o neposredni (OTC) dvostranski prodaji tudi ne omogočajo Komisiji, da oceni, ali novim udeležencem zadostujejo za konkuriranje na trgu.
The volumes traded in the day-ahead and intra-day markets (OTE-Spot), which are also required for retailers to be able to rely on wholesale markets, increased since 2008 but the volumes involved remain small.
Uvozne priložnosti
Finally, the lack of data about direct (OTC) bilateral sales does not allow the Commission to assess whether they are sufficient for new entrants to compete in the market.
Kar zadeva uvoz, prijavitelj trdi, da na češko-nemški meji obstajajo zadostne prenosne zmogljivosti.
Import opportunities
Vendar je češki operater prenosnega sistema poročal o več kritičnih situacijah v češkem prenosnem sistemu, nastalih zaradi nepredvidenih tranzitnih tokov (ali krožnih tokov), ki so dosegli več GW.
With regard to imports, the Applicant has argued that there is ‘ample interconnector capacity on the Czech/German border’.
Po mnenju češkega operaterja prenosnega sistema so krožni tokovi zlasti težava za stabilnost omrežja in omejujoč dejavnik za trgovanje na čeških mejah, še posebej na češko-nemški meji.
However, the Czech TSO has reported several critical situations in the Czech transmission system due to unplanned transit flows (or ‘loop flows’) amounting to several GW.
Podatki, ki jih je posredoval prijavitelj, kažejo, da se je uvozna zmogljivost, ki je na meji z Nemčijo bila razpoložljiva za trgovanje, v obdobju 2014–2016 občutno zmanjšala.
Figures submitted by the Applicant shows that the import capacity commercially available at the border with Germany has substantially decreased in the period 2014-2016.
Tako je bilo v obdobju 2012–2016, ko je bila povprečna razlika v ceni za dan vnaprej na češki meji negativna, namreč – 3,9 EUR/MWh na meji s Poljsko; – 0,4 EUR/MWh na meji z Avstrijo; – 0,6 EUR/MWh na meji s Slovaško, samo na meji z Nemčijo pa je bila rahlo pozitivna (0,4 EUR/MWh).
Moreover, the scope for imports from neighbouring countries could be reduced due to the traditionally low wholesale prices in the Czech Republic.
Ne glede na zgoraj navedeno prijavitelj trdi, da je v letu 2016 približno 8,6 TWh uvoznih zmogljivosti bilo dodeljenih udeležencem na trgu, medtem ko je 7,9 TWh, ki predstavljajo „približno 13 % skupne porabe električne energije“, bilo uvoženih zaradi nenadnih izklopov v jedrskih elektrarnah skupine ČEZ.
This has been the case during the period 2012-2016 when the average day-ahead price differential across the Czech borders was negative, namely – 3,9 EUR/MWh with Poland; – 0,4 EUR/MWh with Austria; – 0,6 EUR/MWh with Slovakia, and only with Germany was it slightly positive (0,4 EUR/MWh).
Vendar se stanje popravlja in nekateri reaktorji so bili ponovno zagnani, za ostale pa je to kmalu predvideno.
Notwithstanding the above, the Applicant has argued that in 2016, around 8,6 TWh of import capacity was allocated to market participants, while 7,9 TWh, representing ‘roughly 13 % of total electricity consumption’, were imported in response to the sudden outages of ČEZ group's nuclear power plants.
Posledično se lahko pričakuje, da bo uvoz v prihodnosti postopno upadal, saj se bodo cene električne energije s povečevanjem proizvodnje v jedrskih elektrarnah ob nizkih mejnih stroških v Češki republiki znižale.
This exceptional circumstance may explain the volumes of capacity imported and allocated to market participants in 2016.
Cenovna konkurenca in regulacija cen
Indeed, ČEZ group has calculated that, in the absence of those shortfalls, it would have produced additional […] TWh of electricity.
Cena električne energije za končne odjemalce je sestavljena iz dveh glavnih delov: prvi, ki pomeni 45 % skupne končne cene, vključuje fiksne stroške za distribucijo električne energije, pomožne storitve, sistemske stroške itd.; drugi, ki pomeni 37 % skupne končne cene, je električna energija, ki vključuje maloprodajno maržo.
However, the situation is recovering and some of the reactors have restarted while others are planned to restart soon.
Ta drugi del ni reguliran.
As a result it can be expected that imports will gradually decrease in the future as the ramping up of nuclear generation with low marginal cost will push down electricity prices in the Czech Republic.
Kar zadeva cene električne energije za končne odjemalce, tako velike kot male, je raven cen z davki pod povprečjem za EU-28, kar velja tudi v primeru, če se davki izvzamejo.
Price competition and price regulation
Prijavitelj ugotavlja, da so te cene v obdobju 2007–2015 bile stalno nižje od primerljivih cen v Nemčiji.
The price of electricity supply to end customers, has two main components: the first one, accounting for 45 % of the total final price, includes fixed costs for electricity distribution, auxiliary services, system charges, etc.; the second one, accounting for 37 % of the total final price, is the electricity component, which includes the retail supply margin.
Zlasti kar zadeva velike industrijske odjemalce, prijavitelj ugotavlja, da se je del za energijo na Češkem znižal za več kot 40 % med drugo polovico leta 2012 in drugo polovico leta 2015, ko je bil 24 % nižji (0,0300–0,0400 EUR/kWh) od dela za energijo v Nemčiji (0,0400–0,0500 EUR/kWh).
This second component is not regulated.
Kar zadeva gospodinjstva, prijavitelj ugotavlja, da se je po drugi polovici leta 2009 del za energijo na Češkem konstantno zniževal in je v drugi polovici leta 2015 znašal skoraj 0,0400 EUR/kWh, kar pomeni, da je bil 49 % nižji od dela za energijo v Nemčiji (0,0700–0,0800 EUR/kWh).
With regard to prices of electricity to end consumers, for both large and small customers, the price level including taxes is smaller than the EU-28 average, and also smaller than the EU-28 average if taxes are excluded.
Prijavitelj iz teh številk, ki temeljijo na podatkih Eurostata, ugotavlja, da je stopnja konkurence na češkem trgu višja kot na nemškem trgu, ki je, glede na nedavno odločitev Komisije o izvzetju nemškega maloprodajnega trga, neposredno izpostavljen konkurenci.
The Applicant observes that these prices were consistently lower than the corresponding prices in Germany over the period 2007-2015.
Vendar to ni podprto z dokazi, še posebej primerjava cen med češkim in nemškim trgom.
In particular, with regard to large industrial customers, the Applicant observes that the Czech energy component decreased by more than 40 % between the second half of 2012 and the second half of 2015, when it was 24 % lower (0,0300-0,0400 EUR per kWh) than the German energy component (0,0400-0,0500 EUR per kWh).
Ekonomska teorija pravi, da lahko imajo bolj koncentrirani trgi pod določenimi pogoji (npr. mejni stroški in elastičnost povpraševanja) nižje cene kot manj koncentrirani trgi.
With regard to households, the Applicant observes that, after the second half of 2009, the Czech energy component was constantly declining and in the second half of 2015 it was almost 0,0400 EUR per kWh, which means that it was 49 % lower than the German energy component (0,0700-0,0800 EUR per kWh).
Še pomembneje, primerjava cen je odvisna od izbire enote.
The Applicant concludes from these figures, based on Eurostat data, that ‘the degree of competition is larger in the Czech market than in the German market that is directly exposed to competition according to the Commission's recent German Retail Exemption Decision’.
Dejansko so v zadnjih letih cene v Nemčiji v absolutnem smislu bile nad cenami na Češkem, vendar pa so bile nižje v smislu standarda kupne moči (SKM); s tega vidika so bile cene na Češkem v letu 2015 višje.
However, this is not corroborated by evidence, in particular with regard to the price comparison between the Czech and German markets.
Poleg tega je v zvezi z določenimi cenami za gospodinjstva Agencija za sodelovanje energetskih regulatorjev (ACER) opazila, da na podlagi ocen, prejetih od nacionalnih regulatorjev, lahko obstajajo nepravilnosti v podatkih o cenah električne energije za gospodinjstva.
Under certain conditions (e.g. marginal cost levels and elasticities of demand), economic theory suggests that highly concentrated markets could have lower prices than less concentrated markets.
Te rezultate bi zato bilo treba razlagati previdno.
More importantly, the price comparison depended on the choice of unit.
MALOPRODAJA ZEMELJSKEGA PLINA
In fact, German prices were above Czech ones in absolute terms in the last years but they were lower in terms of purchasing power standard (PPS); in that respect Czech prices were higher in 2015 .
Najnovejši podatki energetskega regulatorja kažejo, da je v letu 2016 v Češki republiki bilo dejavnih 98 trgovcev za dobavo plina odjemalcem.
Moreover, with regard in particular to household prices, the Agency for Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER) has observed, on the basis of information received from the national regulators, that ‘there may be irregularities in the data for household electricity prices. These results should therefore be interpreted with caution’.
Skupni stroški vstopa na trg maloprodaje plina so nizki in zdi se, da niso vstopna ovira.
RETAIL SUPPLY OF NATURAL GAS
V prejšnjih sklepih je v zvezi s trgom maloprodaje plina Komisija menila, da je združeni tržni delež največjih treh družb eden izmed relevantnih kazalnikov za oceno tržne koncentracije in splošnega stanja konkurence.
Latest figures from the ERO indicate that in 2016, 98 active traders supplying gas to customers operated in the Czech Republic.
Glede na to, da pravila o javnem naročanju ne veljajo za vse tržne udeležence, se analiza osredotoča predvsem na tržni položaj in konkurenčne omejitve za posamezne tržne udeležence, za katere veljajo pravila o javnem naročanju, v bistvu torej ČEZ Prodej in PP.
The total cost of entry into the market for retail supply of gas is low, and does not seem to constitute a barrier to entry.
Glede na najnovejše podatke so največji dobavitelji z vidika količin, dobavljenih odjemalcem, RWE (zdaj Innogy Energie, s.r.o.) s skoraj […]-odstotnim tržnim deležem, sledita pa mu PP in E.ON, kjer je tržni delež […]-odstoten.
In previous decisions, the Commission considered that, concerning the gas retail supply market, the combined market share of the largest three undertakings is one of the relevant indicators to assess the market concentration and assess the general competition situation.
Tudi družba ČEZ Prodej je aktivna na tem trgu, njen tržni delež pa je […]-odstoten.
According to the most recent figures, the largest suppliers of gas in terms of quantity supplied to customers are RWE (now, Innogy Energie, s.r.o.) with almost […] % market share, followed by PP and E.ON with […] % market share.
Maloprodaja zemeljskega plina velikim odjemalcem
Also ČEZ Prodej is active in this market with a market share of […] %.
Glede na podatke za leto 2016, ki jih je predložil prijavitelj, je RWE največji dobavitelj velikim odjemalcem, s tržnim deležem v višini […] %, sledi mu ČEZ Prodej s tržnim deležem v višini […] % in E.ON s tržnim deležem v višini […] %.
Retail supply of natural gas to large customers
Komisija ugotavlja, da sta samo družbi PP in ČEZ Prodej naročnik v smislu člena 4 Direktive 2014/25/EU in zato za njiju veljajo pravila o javnem naročanju.
According to the 2016 figures supplied by the Applicant, RWE is the largest supplier to large customers with a market share of […] %, followed by ČEZ Prodej with a market share of […] % and E.ON with a market share of […] %.
Združeni tržni delež največjih treh dobaviteljev velikim odjemalcem na češkem trgu plina je 51-odstoten.
The Commission notes that only PP and ČEZ Prodej are considered contracting entities in the sense of Article 4 of Directive 2014/25/EU, and hence are subject to procurement rules.
Indeks HHI, izračunan za ta trg, je 1341.
The combined market share of the three largest retailers to large customers on the Czech gas market is 51 %.
Maloprodaja plina malim odjemalcem
The HHI calculated for this market is 1341.
Glede na podatke za leto 2016, ki jih je predložil prijavitelj, so trije največji dobavitelji malim odjemalcem RWE, s tržnim deležem v višini […] %, sledi mu PP s tržnim deležem v višini […] % in E.ON s tržnim deležem v višini […] %.
Gas retail supply to small customers
Tudi družba ČEZ Prodej (četrti največji dobavitelj) je aktivna na tem trgu, njen tržni delež pa je […]-odstoten.