natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
In those cases, an entity is required to use an alternative method that more faithfully measures the effects of changes in the liability's credit risk (see paragraph B5.7.16(b)).
Za dobave, povezane z naslednjo letino, podjetje B še ni sklenilo nobenih pogodb o dobavi kave (tj. te dobave so napovedane transakcije).
For example, if the instrument in the example contains an embedded derivative, the change in fair value of the embedded derivative is excluded in determining the amount to be presented in other comprehensive income in accordance with paragraph 5.7.7(a).
Zato je cenovno tveganje pri kavi, ki odraža referenčno kakovost, nepogodbeno določena sestavina tveganja.
As with all fair value measurements, an entity's measurement method for determining the portion of the change in the liability's fair value that is attributable to changes in its credit risk must make maximum use of relevant observable inputs and minimum use of unobservable inputs.
Podjetje B pri analizi tržne strukture upošteva, kakšno ceno imajo končne dobave kave, ki jo prejme.
HEDGE ACCOUNTING (CHAPTER 6)
Tako podjetje B na podlagi te analize tržne strukture sklene, da napovedane transakcije vključujejo tudi cenovno tveganje pri kavi, ki odraža referenčno kakovost, kot sestavino tveganja, ki jo je mogoče razločevati in zanesljivo meriti, tudi če ni pogodbeno določena.
Hedging instruments (Section 6.2)
Zato lahko podjetje B določi razmerja varovanja pred tveganjem na podlagi sestavin tveganja (za cenovno tveganje pri kavi, ki odraža referenčno kakovost) za pogodbe o dobavi kave kot tudi za napovedane transakcije.
Derivatives that are embedded in hybrid contracts, but that are not separately accounted for, cannot be designated as separate hedging instruments.
Podjetje C varuje pred tveganjem prihodnje nakupe reaktivnega goriva na podlagi napovedi glede porabe do 24 mesecev pred dobavo in sčasoma povečuje količino, ki jo varuje pred tveganjem.
An entity's own equity instruments are not financial assets or financial liabilities of the entity and therefore cannot be designated as hedging instruments.
Podjetje C se pred to izpostavljenostjo varuje z različnimi vrstami pogodb, odvisno od obdobja, ki ga zajema varovanje, kar vpliva na tržno likvidnost izvedenih finančnih instrumentov.
For hedges of foreign currency risk, the foreign currency risk component of a non-derivative financial instrument is determined in accordance with IAS 21.
Za daljša obdobja (12–24 mesecev) podjetje C uporablja pogodbe za surovo nafto, ker imajo samo te zadostno tržno likvidnost.
Written options
Za obdobja med 6 in 12 mesecev podjetje C uporablja izvedene finančne instrumente na plinsko olje, ker so dovolj likvidni.
This Standard does not restrict the circumstances in which a derivative that is measured at fair value through profit or loss may be designated as a hedging instrument, except for some written options.
Za obdobja do šest mesecev podjetje C uporablja pogodbe za reaktivno gorivo.
A written option does not qualify as a hedging instrument unless it is designated as an offset to a purchased option, including one that is embedded in another financial instrument (for example, a written call option used to hedge a callable liability).
Podjetje C pri analizi tržne strukture za nafto in naftne produkte ter oceni relevantnih dejstev in okoliščin upošteva naslednje:
For hedges other than hedges of foreign currency risk, when an entity designates a non-derivative financial asset or a non-derivative financial liability measured at fair value through profit or loss as a hedging instrument, it may only designate the non-derivative financial instrument in its entirety or a proportion of it.
podjetje C posluje na zemljepisnem območju, na katerem je nafta brent referenčna surova nafta.
A single hedging instrument may be designated as a hedging instrument of more than one type of risk, provided that there is a specific designation of the hedging instrument and of the different risk positions as hedged items.
Surova nafta je referenčna surovina, ki vpliva na ceno različnih rafiniranih naftnih produktov kot njihov najosnovnejši vložek.
Those hedged items can be in different hedging relationships.
Plinsko olje je referenčni produkt za rafinirane naftne produkte, ki se uporablja kot cenovna referenca za naftne destilate bolj na splošno.
Hedged items (Section 6.3)
To se odraža tudi v vrstah izvedenih finančnih instrumentov za trg surove nafte in trg rafiniranih naftnih produktov okolja, v katerem posluje podjetje C, kot so:
A firm commitment to acquire a business in a business combination cannot be a hedged item, except for foreign currency risk, because the other risks being hedged cannot be specifically identified and measured.
terminska pogodba za referenčno surovo nafto, ki je surova nafta brent;
Those other risks are general business risks.
terminska pogodba za referenčno plinsko olje, ki se uporablja kot cenovna referenca za destilate – na primer, izvedeni finančni instrumenti na razmik za reaktivno gorivo zajemajo razliko v ceni med reaktivnim gorivom in navedenim referenčnim plinskim oljem; in
An equity method investment cannot be a hedged item in a fair value hedge.
izvedeni finančni instrument na razmik zaradi rafiniranja (crack spread) za plinsko olje (tj. izvedeni finančni instrument na razliko v ceni med surovo nafto in plinskim oljem – maržo za rafiniranje), ki je indeksiran na surovo nafto brent;
This is because the equity method recognises in profit or loss the investor's share of the investee's profit or loss, instead of changes in the investment's fair value.
določanje cene rafiniranih naftnih produktov ni odvisno od tega, katero surovo nafto predeluje katera konkretna rafinerija, ker so ti rafinirani naftni produkti (kot sta plinsko olje in reaktivno gorivo) standardizirani produkti.
For a similar reason, an investment in a consolidated subsidiary cannot be a hedged item in a fair value hedge.
Zato podjetje C sklene, da cenovno tveganje pri nakupih reaktivnega goriva vključuje sestavino cenovnega tveganja pri surovi nafti, ki temelji na surovi nafti brent, in sestavino cenovnega tveganja pri plinskem olju, čeprav surova nafta in plinsko olje nista določena v nobenem pogodbenem sporazumu.
This is because consolidation recognises in profit or loss the subsidiary's profit or loss, instead of changes in the investment's fair value.
Podjetje C sklene, da je ti dve sestavini tveganja mogoče razločevati in zanesljivo meriti, čeprav nista pogodbeno določeni.
A hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation is different because it is a hedge of the foreign currency exposure, not a fair value hedge of the change in the value of the investment.
Zato lahko podjetje C za predvidene nakupe reaktivnega goriva določi razmerja varovanja pred tveganjem na podlagi sestavin tveganja (za surovo nafto ali plinsko olje).
Paragraph 6.3.4 permits an entity to designate as hedged items aggregated exposures that are a combination of an exposure and a derivative.
Ta analiza pomeni tudi, da če je podjetje C na primer uporabilo izvedene finančne instrumente na surovo nafto na podlagi surove nafte West Texas Intermediate (WTI), bi spremembe razlike v ceni med surovo nafto brent in surovo nafto WTI povzročile neučinkovito varovanje pred tveganjem.
When designating such a hedged item, an entity assesses whether the aggregated exposure combines an exposure with a derivative so that it creates a different aggregated exposure that is managed as one exposure for a particular risk (or risks).
Podjetje D ima v posesti dolžniški instrument s fiksno obrestno mero.
In that case, the entity may designate the hedged item on the basis of the aggregated exposure.
Ta instrument se izda v okolju s trgom, na katerem se primerja veliko število podobnih dolžniških instrumentov glede na njihov razmik od referenčne obrestne mere (na primer LIBOR), instrumenti z variabilno obrestno mero v tem okolju pa so običajno indeksirani na navedeno referenčno mero.
an entity may hedge a given quantity of highly probable coffee purchases in 15 months' time against price risk (based on US dollars) using a 15-month futures contract for coffee.
Za potrebe obvladovanja obrestnega tveganja se pogosto uporabljajo zamenjave obrestnih mer na podlagi navedene referenčne mere, ne glede na razmik dolžniških instrumentov od navedene referenčne mere.
The highly probable coffee purchases and the futures contract for coffee in combination can be viewed as a 15-month fixed-amount US dollar foreign currency risk exposure for risk management purposes (ie like any fixed-amount US dollar cash outflow in 15 months' time).
Cena dolžniških instrumentov s fiksno obrestno mero niha in je neposredno odvisna od sprememb referenčne mere, ko do teh prihaja.
an entity may hedge the foreign currency risk for the entire term of a 10-year fixed-rate debt denominated in a foreign currency.
Podjetje D sklene, da je referenčna obrestna mera sestavina, ki jo je mogoče razločevati in zanesljivo meriti.
However, the entity requires fixed-rate exposure in its functional currency only for a short to medium term (say two years) and floating rate exposure in its functional currency for the remaining term to maturity.
Zato lahko podjetje D za dolžniški instrument s fiksno obrestno mero določi razmerje varovanja pred tveganjem na podlagi sestavine tveganja za tveganje referenčne obrestne mere.
At the end of each of the two-year intervals (ie on a two-year rolling basis) the entity fixes the next two years' interest rate exposure (if the interest level is such that the entity wants to fix interest rates).
Kadar se sestavina tveganja določi kot pred tveganjem varovana postavka, se za to sestavino tveganja uporabljajo zahteve glede obračunavanja varovanja pred tveganjem na enak način, kot se uporabljajo za druge pred tveganjem varovane postavke, ki niso sestavine tveganja.
In such a situation an entity may enter into a 10-year fixed-to-floating cross-currency interest rate swap that swaps the fixed-rate foreign currency debt into a variable-rate functional currency exposure.
Na primer, uporabljajo se merila glede ustreznosti, vključno s tem, da mora razmerje varovanja pred tveganjem izpolnjevati zahteve glede učinkovitosti varovanja, vse neučinkovitosti pri varovanju pred tveganjem pa se morajo meriti in pripoznati.
This is overlaid with a two-year interest rate swap that—on the basis of the functional currency—swaps variable-rate debt into fixed-rate debt.
Podjetje lahko določi tudi samo spremembe denarnih tokov ali poštene vrednosti pred tveganjem varovane postavke nad ali pod določeno ceno ali drugo spremenljivko (enostransko tveganje).
In effect, the fixed-rate foreign currency debt and the 10-year fixed-to-floating cross-currency interest rate swap in combination are viewed as a 10-year variable-rate debt functional currency exposure for risk management purposes.
Notranja vrednost kupljene opcije kot instrumenta za varovanje pred tveganjem (ob predpostavki, da zanjo veljajo enaki osnovni pogoji kot za tveganje, ki je bilo določeno) odraža enostransko tveganje v pred tveganjem varovani postavki, vendar pa to ne velja tudi za njeno časovno vrednost.
When designating the hedged item on the basis of the aggregated exposure, an entity considers the combined effect of the items that constitute the aggregated exposure for the purpose of assessing hedge effectiveness and measuring hedge ineffectiveness.
Podjetje lahko tako na primer določi spremenljivost prihodnjih gibanj denarnih tokov, ki so posledica povišanja cene napovedanega nakupa blaga.
However, the items that constitute the aggregated exposure remain accounted for separately.
V tem primeru podjetje označi samo izgube denarnih tokov, ki so posledica povišanja cene nad določeno ravnjo.
This means that, for example:
Tveganje, pred katerim je postavka varovana, ne vključuje časovne vrednosti kupljene opcije, saj časovna vrednost ni sestavina napovedane transakcije, ki vpliva na poslovni izid.
derivatives that are part of an aggregated exposure are recognised as separate assets or liabilities measured at fair value; and
Obstaja ovrgljiva predpostavka, da inflacijskega tveganja, ki ni pogodbeno določeno, ni mogoče razločevati in zanesljivo meriti ter se zato ne more določiti kot sestavina tveganja finančnega instrumenta.
if a hedging relationship is designated between the items that constitute the aggregated exposure, the way in which a derivative is included as part of an aggregated exposure must be consistent with the designation of that derivative as the hedging instrument at the level of the aggregated exposure.
Vendar je v omejenih primerih možno opredeliti sestavino tveganja za inflacijsko tveganje, ki jo je mogoče razločevati in zanesljivo meriti zaradi specifičnih okoliščin inflacijskega okolja in zadevnega dolžniškega trga.
For example, if an entity excludes the forward element of a derivative from its designation as the hedging instrument for the hedging relationship between the items that constitute the aggregated exposure, it must also exclude the forward element when including that derivative as a hedged item as part of the aggregated exposure.
Na primer, podjetje izda dolg v okolju, v katerem so na inflacijo vezane obveznice prisotne v taki količini in imajo tako časovno strukturo obrestnih mer, da obstaja dovolj likviden trg, ki omogoča izračun časovne strukture realnih obrestnih mer za brezkuponske obveznice.
Otherwise, the aggregated exposure shall include a derivative, either in its entirety or a proportion of it.
To pomeni, da je za zadevno valuto inflacija relevanten dejavnik, ki se ga na dolžniških trgih obravnava ločeno.
Paragraph 6.3.6 states that in consolidated financial statements the foreign currency risk of a highly probable forecast intragroup transaction may qualify as a hedged item in a cash flow hedge, provided that the transaction is denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity entering into that transaction and that the foreign currency risk will affect consolidated profit or loss.
V takih okoliščinah bi se lahko sestavina inflacijskega tveganja določila z diskontiranjem denarnih tokov pred tveganjem varovanega dolžniškega instrumenta z uporabo časovne strukture realnih obrestnih mer za brezkuponske obveznice (tj. na podoben način, kot se lahko določi sestavina netvegane (nominalne) obrestne mere).
For this purpose an entity can be a parent, subsidiary, associate, joint arrangement or branch.
Nasprotno sestavine inflacijskega tveganja v številnih primerih ni mogoče razločevati in zanesljivo meriti.
If the foreign currency risk of a forecast intragroup transaction does not affect consolidated profit or loss, the intragroup transaction cannot qualify as a hedged item.
Na primer, podjetje izda samo dolg z nominalno obrestno mero v okolju, v katerem trg za na inflacijo vezane obveznice ni dovolj likviden, da bi omogočal izračun časovne strukture realnih obrestnih mer za brezkuponske obveznice.
This is usually the case for royalty payments, interest payments or management charges between members of the same group, unless there is a related external transaction.
V tem primeru analiza tržne strukture ter dejstev in okoliščin ne podpira zaključka podjetja, da je inflacija relevanten dejavnik, ki se ga na dolžniških trgih obravnava ločeno.
However, when the foreign currency risk of a forecast intragroup transaction will affect consolidated profit or loss, the intragroup transaction can qualify as a hedged item.
Zato podjetje ne more ovreči ovrgljive predpostavke, da inflacijskega tveganja, ki ni pogodbeno določeno, ni mogoče razločevati in zanesljivo meriti.
An example is forecast sales or purchases of inventories between members of the same group if there is an onward sale of the inventory to a party external to the group.
Posledično sestavina inflacijskega tveganja ne bi bila primerna za določitev kot pred tveganjem varovana postavka.
Similarly, a forecast intragroup sale of plant and equipment from the group entity that manufactured it to a group entity that will use the plant and equipment in its operations may affect consolidated profit or loss.
To velja ne glede na to, ali je podjetje dejansko sklenilo kakršen koli instrument za varovanje pred inflacijskim tveganjem.
This could occur, for example, because the plant and equipment will be depreciated by the purchasing entity and the amount initially recognised for the plant and equipment may change if the forecast intragroup transaction is denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the purchasing entity.
Podjetje zlasti ne sme dolgu z nominalno obrestno mero preprosto pripisati pogojev dejanskega instrumenta za varovanje pred inflacijskim tveganjem.
If a hedge of a forecast intragroup transaction qualifies for hedge accounting, any gain or loss is recognised in, and taken out of, other comprehensive income in accordance with paragraph 6.5.11.
Pogodbeno določeno sestavino inflacijskega tveganja v denarnih tokovih pripoznane obveznice, vezane na inflacijo (ob predpostavki, da ni zahteve po ločenem obračunavanju vgrajenih izvedenih finančnih instrumentov), je mogoče razločevati in zanesljivo meriti, dokler sestavina inflacijskega tveganja ne vpliva na druge denarne tokove instrumenta.
A component is a hedged item that is less than the entire item.
Obstajata dve vrsti sestavin nominalnih zneskov, ki se lahko določita kot pred tveganjem varovana postavka v razmerju varovanja pred tveganjem: sestavina, ki je del celotne postavke, ali plastna sestavina.
Consequently, a component reflects only some of the risks of the item of which it is a part or reflects the risks only to some extent (for example, when designating a proportion of an item).
Vrsta sestavine spremeni računovodski rezultat.
Risk components
Podjetje določi sestavino za namene obračunavanja skladno s svojim ciljem glede obvladovanja tveganj.
To be eligible for designation as a hedged item, a risk component must be a separately identifiable component of the financial or the non-financial item, and the changes in the cash flows or the fair value of the item attributable to changes in that risk component must be reliably measurable.
Primer sestavine, ki je del celotne postavke, je 50 odstotkov pogodbenih denarnih tokov posojila.
When identifying what risk components qualify for designation as a hedged item, an entity assesses such risk components within the context of the particular market structure to which the risk or risks relate and in which the hedging activity takes place.
Plastna sestavina, se lahko določi na podlagi opredeljene, vendar odprte populacije ali opredeljenega nominalnega zneska.
Such a determination requires an evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances, which differ by risk and market.
Primeri vključujejo:
When designating risk components as hedged items, an entity considers whether the risk components are explicitly specified in a contract (contractually specified risk components) or whether they are implicit in the fair value or the cash flows of an item of which they are a part (non-contractually specified risk components).
del zneska denarnega posla, na primer naslednji denarni tokovi v višini 10 TDE iz naslova prodaje, izražene v tuji valuti, po prvih 20 TDE v marcu 201X [2];
Non-contractually specified risk components can relate to items that are not a contract (for example, forecast transactions) or contracts that do not explicitly specify the component (for example, a firm commitment that includes only one single price instead of a pricing formula that references different underlyings).
del fizične količine, na primer spodnje plasti zemeljskega plina, shranjenega na lokaciji XYZ, ki obsega 5 milijonov kubičnih metrov;
Entity A has a long-term supply contract for natural gas that is priced using a contractually specified formula that references commodities and other factors (for example, gas oil, fuel oil and other components such as transport charges).
del fizične ali druge količine, ki je predmet posla, na primer, prvih 100 sodčkov nafte, kupljene junija 201X, ali prvih 100 MWh električne energije, prodane junija 201X; ali
Entity A hedges the gas oil component in that supply contract using a gas oil forward contract.
plast iz nominalnega zneska pred tveganjem varovane postavke, na primer zadnjih 80 milijonov DE trdne obveze v višini 100 milijonov DE, spodnja plast v višini 20 milijonov DE pri obveznici s fiksnim donosom v vrednosti 100 milijonov DE ali zgornja plast v višini 30 milijonov DE dolga s fiksno obrestno mero v vrednosti 100 milijonov DE, ki se lahko predčasno odplača po pošteni vrednosti (opredeljeni nominalni znesek je 100 milijonov DE).
Because the gas oil component is specified by the terms and conditions of the supply contract it is a contractually specified risk component.
Če je plastna sestavina določena v varovanju poštene vrednosti pred tveganjem, jo mora podjetje opredeliti iz določenega nominalnega zneska.
Hence, because of the pricing formula, Entity A concludes that the gas oil price exposure is separately identifiable.
Da izpolnjuje zahteve glede ustreznih varovanj poštene vrednosti pred tveganjem, mora podjetje ponovno izmeriti pred tveganjem varovano postavko, da preveri, ali je prišlo do sprememb poštene vrednosti (tj. ponovno izmeriti postavko, da ugotovi spremembe poštene vrednosti, ki se lahko pripišejo tveganju, pred katerim se varuje).
At the same time, there is a market for gas oil forward contracts.
Prilagoditev za varovanje poštene vrednosti pred tveganjem mora biti pripoznana v poslovnem izidu najkasneje takrat, ko se odpravi pripoznanje za postavko.
Hence, Entity A concludes that the gas oil price exposure is reliably measurable.
Zato je treba spremljati postavko, na katero se nanaša prilagoditev za varovanje poštene vrednosti pred tveganjem.
Consequently, the gas oil price exposure in the supply contract is a risk component that is eligible for designation as a hedged item.
Za plastno sestavino v varovanju poštene vrednosti pred tveganjem to od podjetja zahteva, da spremlja nominalni znesek, iz katerega se opredeli.
Entity B hedges its future coffee purchases based on its production forecast.
Na primer, v B6.3.18.(d) členu se mora spremljati skupni določeni nominalni znesek v višini 100 milijonov DE, da se lahko spremlja spodnja plast 20 milijonov DE ali zgornja plast 30 milijonov DE.
Hedging starts up to 15 months before delivery for part of the forecast purchase volume.
Plastna sestavina, ki vključuje opcijo predčasnega odplačila, ne izpolnjuje pogojev za določitev kot pred tveganjem varovana postavka v varovanju poštene vrednosti pred tveganjem, če na pošteno vrednost opcije predčasnega odplačila vplivajo spremembe tveganja, pred katerim se varuje, razen če določena plast vključuje učinke povezane opcije predčasnega odplačila, ko se ugotavlja sprememba poštene vrednosti pred tveganjem varovane postavke.
Entity B increases the hedged volume over time (as the delivery date approaches).
Razmerje med sestavinami in vsemi denarnimi tokovi postavke
Entity B uses two different types of contracts to manage its coffee price risk:
Če je sestavina denarnih tokov finančne ali nefinančne postavke določena kot pred tveganjem varovana postavka, mora biti taka sestavina manjša ali enaka kot vsi denarni tokovi celotne postavke.
exchange-traded coffee futures contracts; and
Vendar se lahko vsi denarni tokovi celotne postavke določijo kot pred tveganjem varovana postavka in varujejo samo pred enim točno določenim tveganjem (na primer, samo za tiste spremembe, ki se lahko pripišejo spremembam LIBOR ali referenčne cene blaga).
coffee supply contracts for Arabica coffee from Colombia delivered to a specific manufacturing site.
Na primer, v primeru finančne obveznosti, katere efektivna obrestna mera je nižja od LIBOR, podjetje ne more določiti:
These contracts price a tonne of coffee based on the exchange-traded coffee futures contract price plus a fixed price differential plus a variable logistics services charge using a pricing formula.
sestavine obveznosti, ki je enaka obrestim po LIBOR (skupaj z zneskom glavnice v primeru varovanja poštene vrednosti pred tveganjem), in
The coffee supply contract is an executory contract in accordance with which Entity B takes actual delivery of coffee.
negativne preostale sestavine.