natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
energy-saving fans controlled according to the CO2 concentration in the housing;
Glej opis v oddelku 4.6 za gnojevko.
correct distribution of heating/cooling and ventilation equipment, temperature sensors and separate heated areas.
Glej opis v oddelku 4.6.1.
Insulation of walls, floors and/or ceilings of housing.
Aerobna presnova (prezračevanje) gnoja/gnojevke.
Insulation material can be naturally impermeable or provided with an impermeable coating.
Glej opis v oddelku 4.7.
Permeable materials are provided with a vapour barrier installed, as humidity is a major cause of insulation material deterioration.
Kompostiranje hlevskega gnoja.
A variant of insulation material for poultry farms can be heat-reflecting membranes, consisting of laminated plastic foils to seal off housing from air leakage and humidity.
Razdelilnik za nanos gnojevke v pasovih, plitvo vbrizgavanje ali globoko vbrizgavanje gnojevke.
More energy-efficient lighting can be attained by:
Glej opise v oddelku 4.8.1.
i.
Glej opise v BAT 22.
Replacing conventional tungsten light bulbs or other low efficiency light bulbs with more energy-efficient lights such as fluorescent, sodium, and LED lights;
Tehnike za zmanjšanje emisij iz skladišča za hlevski gnoj
Using devices to adjust the frequency of micro flashes, dimmers to adjust artificial lighting, sensors or room entry switches to control the lighting;
Hlev je običajno preprosta stavba z neprepustnimi tlemi in streho, z zadostnim prezračevanjem, da se preprečijo anaerobni pogoji, in vrati za dostop transportnih sredstev.
Allowing more natural light to enter, e.g. by using vents or roof windows.
Posušen perutninski gnoj (npr. nastilj brojlerjev in nesnic, na zraku posušeni izločki nesnic, zbrani na traku) se iz bivalnih objektov za perutnino s trakovi ali čelnimi nakladalci transportira v hlev, kjer se lahko skladišči dlje časa brez nevarnosti ponovne navlažitve.
Natural light has to be balanced with potential heat losses;
Uporaba betonskega silosa za skladiščenje.
Applying lighting schemes, using a variable lighting period.
Temeljna plošča iz betona, neprepustnega za vodo, ki se lahko kombinira z zidovi na treh straneh in s pokritjem, npr. streho nad ploščo za gnoj, plastiko, odporno proti UV-žarkom, in podobno.
In an air-air heat exchanger, the incoming air absorbs heat from the exhaust air from the plant.
Tla so nagnjena (npr. za 2 %) proti sprednjemu odtočnemu žlebu z rešetko.
It can be composed of plates of anodised aluminium or PVC tubes.
Tekoče frakcije in morebitni odtok, ki ga povzroči deževje, se zbirajo v betonski jami, ki je varna pred iztekanjem, in obdelajo pozneje.
In the air-water heat exchanger, water flows through aluminium fins located in the exhaust ducts and absorbs heat from the exhausted air.
Skladiščenje hlevskega gnoja na polnih neprepustnih tleh, opremljenih z drenažnim sistemom in zbiralnikom za odteklo tekočino.
In the air-ground heat exchanger, fresh air is circulated through buried pipes (e.g. at a depth of about 2 metres) taking advantage of the low seasonal temperature variation of soil.
Izbira skladišča z zadostno zmogljivostjo za shranjevanje gnoja v obdobjih, ko raztresanje ni mogoče.
Heat is absorbed from various media (water, slurry, ground, air, etc.) and transferred to another location, via a fluid circulated in a sealed circuit using the reverse refrigeration cycle principle.
Obdobja, ko je raztresanje gnoja dovoljeno, so odvisna od lokalnih podnebnih razmer, zakonodaje itd.; zato je potreben skladiščni prostor z ustrezno zmogljivostjo.
The heat can be used to produce sanitised water or to feed a heating system or a cooling system.
Razpoložljiva zmogljivost omogoča tudi, da se čas raztresanja prilagodi potrebi po dušiku za posamezne poljščine.
The technique can absorb heat from various circuits, such as slurry cooling systems, geothermal energy, scrubbing water, slurry biological treatment reactors, or biogas engine exhaust gases.
Hlevski gnoj se pred raztresanjem omejeno dolgo (npr. nekaj dni ali več tednov) kopiči neposredno na poljskih tleh.
A closed water circuit is installed below the floor and another is built at a deeper level for storing the excess heat or to return it to the poultry house when needed.
Lokacija shranjevanja se spremeni najmanj vsako leto in je čim dlje od površinskih in podzemnih voda.
A heat pump connects the two water circuits.
Zmanjšanje razmerja med emisijsko površino in prostornino kupa gnoja.
At the beginning of the rearing period, the floor is heated with the stored heat in order to keep the litter dry by avoiding moisture condensation; during the second rearing cycle, birds produce an excess of heat that is preserved in the storing circuit while cooling down the floor which reduces the breakdown of uric acid by reducing microbial activity.
Gnoj se lahko stisne ali pa se uporabi skladišče s tremi stranskimi zidovi.
Free ventilation in the animal house is caused by thermal effects and/or wind flow.
Uporabijo se lahko materiali, kot so plastični pokrovi, odporni proti UV žarkom, šota, žagovina ali lesni sekanci.
The animal houses can have openings in the ridge and, if necessary, also on the gable sides in addition to controllable openings in the side walls.
Tesni pokrovi zmanjšujejo izmenjavo zraka in aerobno razgradnjo v kupu gnoja, kar omogoči zmanjšanje emisij v zrak.
The openings can be equipped with wind protection nets.
Tehnike za zmanjšanje emisij iz skladišč za gnojevko
Fan assistance can be used during hot weather.
Tehnike za zmanjšanje emisij amoniaka iz skladišč za gnojevko in skladišč, vkopanih v zemljo
Techniques for reducing dust emissions
Zmanjšanje razmerja med emisijsko površino in prostornino skladišča za gnojevko.
Water fogging
Pri pravokotnih skladiščih za gnojevko je razmerje višine in površine enako 1:30–50.
Water is sprayed by nozzles at high pressure to produce fine droplets that absorb heat and fall by gravity to the floor, moistening dust particles that become heavy enough to drop as well.
Pri okroglih skladiščih se ustrezne mere zbiralnika dobijo z razmerjem med višino in premerom 1:3 do 1:4.
Wet or moist litter needs to be avoided.
Stranske stene skladišča za gnojevko se lahko povišajo.
Ionisation
Zmanjšanje hitrosti vetra in izmenjave zraka na površini gnojevke tako, da skladišče ni povsem napolnjeno.
An electrostatic field is created in the house to produce negative ions.
Znižanje ravni dovoljenega valovanja gladine (povečanje razdalje od gladine gnojevke do zgornjega roba skladišča) pri nepokritem skladišču zagotavlja zaščito pred vetrom.
Circulating airborne dust particles are charged by free negative ions; particles are collected on the floor and room surfaces by gravitational force and electrostatic field attraction.
Gnojevka naj se čim manj meša.
Oil spraying
Ta praksa vključuje naslednje:
Pure vegetable oil is sprayed by nozzles inside the house.
skladišče naj ne bo napolnjeno povsem do vrha,
A mixture of water and around 3 % vegetable oil can be also used for spraying.
gnojevka naj se črpa čim bolj z dna skladišča,
Circulating dust particles are bound to the oil drops and collected in the litter.
izogibati se je treba nepotrebni homogenizaciji in kroženju gnojevke (pred izpraznjevanjem skladišča za gnojevko).
A thin layer of vegetable oil is also applied on the litter to prevent dust emissions.
Tog pokrov.
Techniques for reducing odour emissions
Ravna ali stožčasta streha ali pokrov, ki je lahko izdelan iz betona, stekloplastičnih ali poliestrskih plošč, ter se namesti na betonske ali jeklene zbiralnike in silose.
At the planning stage of the plant/farm, adequate distances between the plant/farm and the sensitive receptors are ensured by applying minimum standard distances or performing dispersion modelling to predict/simulate odour concentration in surrounding areas.
Pokrov mora dobro tesniti, da se čim bolj zmanjša izmenjava zraka ter prepreči vdor dežja in snega.
Cover slurry or solid manure during storage.
Prožni pokrovi.
See description in Section 4.5 for solid manure.
Pokrov v obliki šotora: pokrov s podpornim drogom na sredini in špicami, ki izhajajo iz vrha.
See description in Section 4.6 for slurry.
Čez špice se napne ponjava, ki se pričvrsti na opornice oboda.
See description in Section 4.6.1.
Nepokritih odprtin naj bo čim manj.
Aerobic digestion (aeration) of liquid manure/slurry.
Pokrov v obliki kupole: pokrov z upognjenim nosilnim ogrodjem, ki se z jeklenimi elementi in veznimi prirobnicami namesti nad okrogla skladišča.
See description in Section 4.7.
Raven pokrov: pokrov iz prožnega in samopodpornega sestavljenega materiala, ki je z zatiči pritrjen na kovinsko konstrukcijo.
Compost solid manure.
Plavajoči pokrovi.
Band spreader, shallow injector or deep injector for slurry landspreading.
Naravna skorja.
See descriptions in Section 4.8.1.
Na površini gnojevke se lahko naredi plast skorje, ki ima zadostno vsebnost suhe snovi (vsaj 2 %), odvisno od narave trdnih snovi v gnojevki.
See descriptions in BAT 22.
Skorja je učinkovita, če je debela, se ne posega vanjo in pokriva celotno površino gnojevke.
Techniques for reducing emissions from the storage of solid manure
Po nastanku skorje se gnojevka v skladišče dovaja pod površino, da skorja ne poči.
The barn is usually a simple construction with an impermeable floor and a roof, with sufficient ventilation to avoid anaerobic conditions and an access door for transport.
Slama.
A foundation slab of water-impermeable concrete that can be combined with walls on three sides and with a cover e.g. roofing over the manure platform, UV-stabilised plastic, etc.
Priporoča se najmanj 10 cm debela plast.
The floor is sloped (e.g. 2 %) towards a front drain gutter.
Pihanje zraka se lahko zmanjša z dodajanjem slame v času dovajanja gnojevke.
Liquid fractions and any run-off caused by rainfall are collected in a leak-tight concrete pit and handled afterwards.
Plasti slame je med letom morda treba delno ali v celoti obnoviti.
Store solid manure on solid impermeable floor equipped with a drainage system and a collection tank for run-off.
Plastični peleti.
The storage is equipped with a solid impermeable floor, a drainage system such as drains, and connected to a tank for collection of liquid fractions and any run-off caused by rainfall.
Za pokrivanje površine gnojevke se uporabljajo polistirenske kroglice s premerom 20 cm in težo 100 g.
Select a storage facility with a sufficient capacity to hold the manure during periods in which landspreading is not possible.
Redno je treba nadomeščati kroglice v slabem stanju in na nepokrita mesta dodajati nove.
The periods when manure landspreading is allowed depend on the local climatic conditions and legislation, etc.; thus, requiring a storage area with a suitable capacity.
Lahki nepakirani materiali.
The available capacity also allows the landspreading time to be aligned to the nitrogen requirements of the crops.
Na površino gnojevke se dodajo materiali, kot so lahki agregati iz ekspandirane gline, in proizvodi iz takih agregatov, perliti ali zeoliti, da tvorijo plavajočo plast.
Solid manure is stacked directly on the soil in the field prior to landspreading over a limited period of time (e.g. for a few days or several weeks).
Priporoča se 10–12 cm debela plavajoča plast.
The storage location is changed at least every year and situated as far as possible from surface and groundwater.
V primeru manjših delcev iz agregatov iz ekspandirane gline je lahko učinkovita tudi tanjša plast.
Reduce the ratio between the emitting surface area and volume of the manure heap.
Plavajoči prožni pokrovi.
Manure can be compacted or a three-sided wall store can be used.
Na površino gnojevke se položijo plastična plavajoča pokrivala (npr. odeje, ponjave, mrene).
Materials such as UV-stabilised plastic covers, peat, sawdust, or wood chips can be used.
Namestijo se plovci in cevi, ki pokrivalo držijo na mestu in hkrati ohranjajo prazen prostor pod njim.
Tight covers decrease air exchange and aerobic decomposition in the manure heap, resulting in a reduction of emissions to air.
Ta tehnika se lahko kombinira s stabilizacijskimi elementi in konstrukcijami, ki omogočajo navpične premike.
Techniques for reducing emissions from slurry storage
Potrebna sta izpuščanje zraka in odstranjevanje deževnice, ki se nabere na pokrovu.
Techniques for reducing ammonia emissions from slurry stores and earth-banked storage
Geometrične plastične ploščice.
Reduce the ratio between the emitting surface area and the volume of the slurry store.
Plavajoče šesterokotne plastične ploščice se samodejno porazdelijo po površini gnojevke.
For rectangular slurry stores, the proportion of height and surface area is equivalent to 1:30-50.
Pokrije se lahko približno 95 % površine.
For circular stores, favourable container dimensions are obtained with a height — diameter ratio of 1:3 to 1:4.
Z zrakom napolnjen pokrov.
The side walls of the slurry store may be increased in height.
Pokrov, ki je izdelan iz tkanine iz PVC in ima napihljiv žep, s katerim je omogočeno lebdenje na gnojevki.
Reduce wind velocity and air exchange on the slurry surface by operating at a lower level of fill.
Tkanina se s sidrnimi vrvmi pritrdi na kovinsko konstrukcijo oboda.
Increasing the freeboard (the length between the slurry surface and the upper rim of the slurry store) of the uncovered store provides a windshield effect.
Prožne plastične ponjave.
Keep the stirring of slurry to a minimum.
Neprepustne plastične ponjave, odporne proti UV-žarkom (npr. iz polietilena visoke gostote – HDPE), se pritrdijo na zgornje dele robov in podprejo s plovci.
This practice involves:
Tako se ponjava med mešanjem gnojevke ne obrača in veter je ne more dvigniti.
filling the store below surface level;
Ponjave se lahko opremijo tudi z zbirnimi cevmi za odvajanje plinov, drugimi vzdrževalnimi odprtinami (npr. za uporabo homogenizacijske opreme) ter sistemom za zbiranje in odstranjevanje deževnice.
discharging as close as possible to the base of the store;
Tehnike za zmanjševanje emisij v tla in vodo iz skladišč za gnojevko
avoiding unnecessary homogenisation and circulation of slurry (before emptying the slurry store).
Uporabijo se lahko ustrezne betonske mešanice in v številnih primerih obloge betonskih sten ali neprepustne plasti na jeklenih ploščah.
Rigid cover.
Glej oddelek 4.5.
A roof or a lid which can be made of concrete, fibreglass panels or polyester sheets with a flat deck or conical shape, applied to concrete or steel tanks and silos.
Tehnike za predelavo gnoja na kmetiji
It is well-sealed and 'tight' to minimise air exchange and to prevent rain and snow from entering.
Ločevanje tekočih in trdnih frakcij z različno vsebnostjo suhe snovi, npr. z uporabo vretenskih stiskalnic, separatorjev z dekantacijsko centrifugo, separacije s siti in tlačnega filtriranja.
Flexible covers.
Separacija se lahko okrepi s koagulacijo in flokulacijo trdnih delcev.
Tent Cover: a cover with a central supporting pole and spokes radiating from the tip.
Anaerobni mikroorganizmi razkrojijo organsko snov gnoja v zaprtem reaktorju ob odsotnosti kisika.
A fabric membrane is spread over the spokes and tied to a rim brace.
Bioplin se proizvaja in zbira za proizvodnjo energije, tj. proizvodnjo toplote, soproizvodnjo toplote in električne energije in/ali transportno gorivo.
Non-covered openings are kept to a minimum.
Nekaj proizvedene toplote se v tem procesu reciklira.
Dome-shaped cover: a cover with a curved structural frame installed over round stores with the use of steel components and bolted joints.
Stabilizirani ostanki (pregnito blato) se lahko uporabijo kot gnojilo (z dovolj trdnim pregnitim blatom po kompostiranju).
Flat cover: a cover consisting of a flexible and self-supporting composite material held by plugs on a metal structure.
Hlevski gnoj se lahko presnavlja skupaj z gnojevko in/ali drugimi substrati, pri čemer se zagotavlja vsebnost suhe snovi manj kot 12 %.
Floating covers.
Gnoj se zbira iz bivalnih objektov za nesnice in odstrani s trakovi, ki ga odpeljejo iz objektov v namensko zaprto konstrukcijo z več perforiranimi trakovi, ki se med seboj prekrivajo in tvorijo tunel.
Natural crust.
Skozi trakove piha topel zrak, ki gnoj posuši v približno dveh ali treh dneh.
A crust layer can be formed on the surface of slurry that has a sufficient dry matter (DM) content (at least 2 %) depending on the nature of the slurry solids.
V tunelu se uporabi zrak, odsesan iz bivalnih prostorov za nesnice.
In order to be effective, the crust must be thick, not be disturbed and cover the whole slurry surface.
Biološka razgradnja organske snovi v aerobnih razmerah.
The store is filled from below the surface once the cover is formed to avoid breaking it up.
Shranjena gnojevka se prezračuje s potopljenimi ali plavajočimi aeratorji, in sicer stalno ali v serijah.
Straw.
Operativne spremenljivke se nadzirajo, da se prepreči odstranitev dušika, na primer z dopuščanjem čim manjšega mešanja gnojevke.
Chopped straw is added to the slurry and a straw-induced crust is formed.
Ostanki se lahko po koncentriranju uporabijo kot gnojilo (kompostirano ali ne).
This generally works well for DM higher than 4-5 %.
Del organskega dušika se pretvori v amonij.
A layer thickness of at least 10 cm is recommended.
Nitrifikacijske bakterije oksidirajo amonij v nitrit in nitrat.
Air blowing can be reduced by adding straw at the time of slurry addition.
Z uporabo anaerobnih faz se lahko nitrat v prisotnosti organskega ogljika pretvori v N2.
Straw layers may need to be partially or completely renewed during the year.
V sekundarnem bazenu se blato usede, del tega blata pa se znova uporabi v aeracijskem bazenu.
Plastic pellets.
Nadzorovana aerobna razgradnja hlevskega gnoja, ki jo opravijo mikroorganizmi, pri čemer nastane končni produkt (kompost), ki je dovolj stabilen za prevoz, skladiščenje in raztresanje po kmetijskih površinah.
Polystyrene balls of 20 cm in diameter and 100 g in weight are used to cover the slurry surface.
Zmanjšajo se vonjave, mikrobni patogeni in vsebnost vode v gnoju.
A regular replacement of deteriorated elements and a refill for uncovered spots are necessary.
Tudi trdna frakcija gnojevke se lahko kompostira.
Light bulk materials.
Dovajanje kisika se doseže z mehanskim preobračanjem kompostnih kupov ali s prisilnim prezračevanjem kupov.
Materials such as LECA (Light expanded clay aggregates), LECA based products, perlite or zeolite are added to the slurry surface to form a floating layer.
Uporabijo se lahko tudi kompostni bobni in zabojniki.
A floating layer of 10-12 cm is recommended.
Biološki inokulum, zeleni ostanki ali drugi organski odpadki (npr. pregnito blato) se lahko kompostirajo skupaj s hlevskim gnojem.
A thinner layer can be effective for smaller LECA particles.
Tehnike za raztresanje gnoja
Floating flexible covers.
Tehnike za razvoz gnojevke
Plastic floating covers (e.g. blankets, canvas, films) rest over the slurry surface.
Razredčenje gnojevke.
Floats and tubes are installed to keep the cover in place, while maintaining a void beneath the cover.
Razmerje za redčenje gnojevke (voda: gnojevka) je od 1: 1 do 50: 1.
This technique can be combined with stabilising elements and structures to allow vertical movements.
Vsebnost suhe snovi v razredčeni gnojevki je manj kot 2 %.
Venting is needed as well as removal of rainwater that gathers on top.
Uporabita se lahko tudi očiščena tekoča frakcija iz mehanske separacije gnojevke in pregnito blato iz anaerobne presnove.
Geometrical plastic tiles.
Nizkotlačni vodni namakalni sistem.
Floating hexagonal plastic bodies are automatically distributed on the slurry surface.
Razredčena gnojevka se vbrizga v cevovod za vodo za namakanje in se pod nizkim tlakom črpa v namakalni sistem (npr. razpršilnik ali prevozni namakalni stroj).
About 95 % of the surface can be covered.
Razdelilnik za nanos gnojevke v pasovih (vlečena cev).
Air-inflated cover.
Vzporedno pritrjene gibljive cevi visijo s širokega droga, nameščenega na cisterno za gnojevko.
A cover made of PVC fabric supported by an inflatable pocket that floats over the slurry.
Gnojevka teče iz cevi pri tleh v širokih vzporednih pasovih.
The fabric is fixed by guy ropes to a peripheral metal structure.
Izvedljivo je tudi nanašanje med vrste rastočih poljščin.
Flexible plastic sheets.
Razdelilnik za nanos gnojevke v pasovih (vlečene sani).
Impermeable UV-stabilised plastic sheets (e.g. HDPE) are secured at the bank tops and supported on floats.
Gnojevka teče skozi toge cevi, ki imajo na koncu kovinske „sani“, oblikovane tako, da se gnojevka v ozkih pasovih nanaša neposredno na površino tal in pod nadzemni del poljščine.
This prevents the cover from turning during manure mixing and being lifted off by wind.
Nekateri tipi vlečenih sani so oblikovani tako, da v tla vrežejo plitve reže, s čimer se olajša pronicanje.
The covers can also be fitted with collection piping for removal of gases, other maintenance openings (e.g. for the use of homogenisation equipment) and a system for rainwater collection and removal.
Plitvo vbrizgavanje (odprte reže).
Techniques for reducing emissions to soil and water from slurry stores
Z brano ali kultivatorjem z diski se v zemljo vrežejo navpične zareze (običajno globoke 4–6 cm), s čimer se oblikujejo brazde, v katere se odloži gnojevka.
Appropriate concrete mixtures and, in many cases, lining on concrete walls or impermeable layers on steel sheets can be applied.
Vbrizgana gnojevka se povsem ali delno vnese pod površino tal, po vnosu gnojevke pa so brazde običajno odprte.
See Section 4.5.
Globoko vbrizgavanje (zaprte reže).
Techniques for on farm manure processing
Za obdelavo tal in odlaganje gnojevke vanjo se uporabljajo brane ali kultivatorji z diski, nato se gnojevka povsem prekrije s krožnimi branami ali valjarji.
Separation of liquid and solid fractions with different dry matter content, using e.g. screw press separators, decanter-centrifuge separators, separation by sieves and filter pressing.
Globina zaprtih rež je od 10 cm do 20 cm.
Separation can be enhanced by coagulation-flocculation of solid particles.
Zakisovanje gnojevke
Anaerobic microorganisms decompose the organic matter of manure in a closed reactor in the absence of oxygen.
Glej oddelek 4.12.3.
Biogas is produced and collected to serve energy generation i.e. production of heat, combined heat and power, and/or transport fuel.
Tehnike za monitoring
Some of the heat produced is recycled in the process.
Tehnike za monitoring izločanja dušika (N) in fosforja (P)
The stabilised residue (digestate) can be used as fertiliser (with sufficiently solid digestate after composting).
Izračun z uporabo masne bilance dušika in fosforja na podlagi zaužite krme, vsebnosti surovih beljakovin v prehrani, skupnega fosforja in proizvodnosti živali.
Solid manure can be co-digested with slurry and/or other co-substrates, while ensuring a dry matter content lower than 12 %.
Masna bilanca se izračuna za vsako kategorijo živali, ki se redi na kmetiji, pri čemer se mora to ujemati s koncem rejnega cikla, z naslednjima enačbama:
Manure is collected from the laying hen houses and removed by belts that convey it outdoors to a dedicated closed structure, containing a series of perforated overlapping belts that form the tunnel.
Nizločen = Nprehrana – Nzadržanje
Warm air is blown through the belts, drying the manure in about two or three days.
Pizločen = Pprehrana – Pzadržanje
The tunnel is ventilated with air extracted from the laying hens' house.
Nprehrana temelji na količini zaužite krme in vsebnosti surovih beljakovin v prehrani.
The biological decomposition of organic matter under aerobic conditions.
Pprehrana temelji na količini zaužite krme in vsebnosti skupnega fosforja v prehrani.
Stored slurry is aerated by means of submerged or floating aerators in a continuous or batch process.
Vsebnost surovih beljakovin in skupnega fosforja se lahko pridobi z eno od naslednjih metod:
Operating variables are controlled to prevent nitrogen removal, such as keeping slurry agitation as low as possible.
v primeru zunanje dobave krme: iz spremne dokumentacije,