natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
In addition, the wider policy objectives concerning climate change and promotion of renewable energies are also claimed to be negatively affected.
Poleg tega je družba Wacker trdila, da bi ukinitev ukrepov potrošnikom lahko prihranila 1 milijardo EUR letno.
They also pointed to changed circumstances since the definitive measures were adopted in December 2013, in particular the move away from support schemes at fixed prices (e.g. feed-in tariffs and feed-in premiums) towards tenders, achievement of grid parity by solar generated power in certain regions of the Union or for certain groups of customers and the ratification by the Union of the UNFCCC Paris Agreement to limit climate change in October 2016.
Ta številka je bila izračunana s primerjavo razlike med minimalno uvozno ceno in predpostavljeno ceno solarnih modulov v višini 0,42 EUR/W v preteklosti ter pričakovano ceno v višini 0,32 EUR/W v letu 2017.
Finally, some parties claimed that there is not enough module manufacturing in the Union to cover the Union demand; that the measures became ineffective due to increase in exports by third countries and that the measures mainly benefitted the exporters in third countries.
Komisija je ugotovila, da zgornja izračuna temeljita na preveč poenostavljenih predpostavkah.
Unrelated importers
Prvič, za minimalno uvozno ceno je bil določen mehanizem prilagoditve.
Two unrelated importers of modules came forward and provided answers to the questionnaire, which were subsequently verified as set out in recital 30.
Zato v večini obravnavanega obdobja med minimalno uvozno ceno in povprečno svetovno nabavno ceno modulov ni bilo velike razlike.
These unrelated importers also sent several additional submissions setting out their views on why the measures should be terminated.
Večja vrzel med tema cenama se je pojavila šele v letu 2016.
The importers of solar panels suffer from weak profitability.
Drugič, cene, ki so jih strani uporabile pri svojih izračunih, se nanašajo na multisilikonske module nižjega kakovostnega razreda.
They also provided a list of other importers and wholesalers that went bankrupt or significantly reduced their employment since the registration on Chinese solar modules was imposed in March 2013.
Po drugi strani pa je velik del modulov, prodanih v Uniji, multsilikonskih in monosilikonskih modulov z visokim izkoristkom.
The unrelated importers claim that the measures increase the price of solar power and depress the demand.
Zato je Komisija menila, da so imeli ukrepi le zelo omejen vpliv na finančno stanje potrošnikov in uporabo sončne energije.
The unrelated importers also submitted that the MIP price undertaking causes disadvantages to them and other downstream companies, active in international markets, such as EPCs (Engineering, Procurement and Construction companies), as it limits their ability to purchase modules from leading Chinese Tier 1 producers.
Več strani je tudi trdilo, da so minimalne uvozne cene zvišale cene modulov in so tako odgovorne za neuspeh pri doseganju letnih ciljev uporabe sončne energije v Nemčiji.
The undertaking does not allow the parallel sales of the product under investigation in the Union and outside of the Union.
Komisije ta povezava posledice z enim samim vzrokom ni prepričala.
Therefore, the Chinese exporters cannot deliver modules to unrelated importers who are also active in the markets outside the Union (e.g. in Switzerland or in the US) if they are part of the unrelated importers' wholesale portfolio within the Union.
Vrzel med minimalno uvozno ceno in povprečno prodajno ceno je bila manjša, kot so predvidevale strani, in ukrepi niso znatno vplivali na povpraševanje.
This is claimed to be a significant drawback for these companies' participation as wholesalers and project developers in the globally growing PV market.
Zato je Komisija tudi ugotovila, da minimalna uvozna cena ni pomembno vplivala na nedoseganje ciljev v zvezi z uporabo sončne energije.
The unrelated importers also claimed that the measures in their current form create a significant additional business risk and administrative burden.
Učinek ukrepov na povpraševanje po solarnih napravah
In their view, additional administrative steps, such as issuance of a certificate by the China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Machinery and Electronic Products (‘CCCME’) and thorough checks by the Union customs authorities extend the overall time from order to delivery from 7 to 11 weeks.
Praktično vse strani, ki so se javile in nasprotovale ukrepom, so trdile, da ti povečujejo ceno novih solarnih naprav in zmanjšujejo povpraševanje po solarnih modulih, zaradi česar je ustvarjena sončna energija dražja za stranke.
The Commission found that even after the imposition of measures the market share of Chinese modules in the Union market remained relatively high.
Čeprav so nekatere priznale, da je upad solarnih naprav v Uniji tudi posledica sprememb in – v nekaterih državah – prekinitve ali ukinitve shem podpore, so menile, da ukrepi povzročajo umetno visoke cene in še bolj upočasnjujejo uporabo solarnih sistemov.
Even though the market share of Chinese modules in the Union went down from 66 % in 2012, it still remained at the high level of 41 % in the RIP.
Trdile so, da nedavne spremembe politike, kot je uvedba konkurenčnih razpisnih postopkov za nove solarne naprave, povečujejo škodo, ki so jo zaradi vzpostavljenih ukrepov povzročile visoke cene modulov.
Therefore, China remained the largest seller of modules in the Union, above the Union industry, which held 35 % market share in the RIP.
Po njihovem mnenju bi ukinitev ukrepov omogočila znižanje stroškov za sončno energijo v Uniji, kar bi koristilo končnim potrošnikom, pospešilo povpraševanje po solarnih panelih in na splošno znižalo stroške zagotavljanja čiste energije.
In addition, independent importers were free to source solar modules from third countries.
Komisija je na trgu sončne energije Unije opredelila tri segmente:
The cooperating importers replaced at least to some extent the Chinese modules with third country modules.
veliki omrežni solarni sistemi (ali parki), običajno talni, z nameščeno zmogljivostjo več kot 1 MW, ki so običajno povezani na visokonapetostno prenosno omrežje, v katero pošiljajo električno energijo, ki jo ustvarijo,
The cooperating importers, acting as wholesalers and systems integrators [85], also sold the Union industry's modules; therefore they benefitted both from the increase in the market share of the imports from the rest of the world (‘RoW’) and the increase in the market share of the Union industry.
komercialni solarni sistemi (ali naprave), ki so običajno nameščeni na streho uporabnikove stavbe.
Therefore, the weaker results of the cooperating importers must to be partially attributed to falling Union demand, following the boom and bust cycle that the Union solar industry went through as discussed more in detail in section 6.3.2 below.
Uporabnik je poslovni subjekt (npr. supermarket ali skladišče), sistem pa je povezan na nizkonapetostno distribucijsko omrežje.
The ban on parallel sales was introduced to avoid compensatory deals that might undermine the undertaking.
Komercialne naprave se lahko uporabljajo za lastno porabo ali napajanje omrežja,
Additional administrative steps for Chinese imports were introduced to improve the monitoring of the measures and avoid any form of circumvention that might undermine the undertaking.
stanovanjski solarni sistemi (ali naprave), ki so običajno nameščeni na strehe zasebnih hiš in katerih zmogljivost običajno ne presega 10 kW.
Following disclosure several parties claimed that the Commission disregarded the interest of the importers.
Stanovanjske naprave so običajno povezane na nizkonapetostno distribucijsko omrežje in se lahko uporabljajo za lastno porabo ali napajanje omrežja.
In their view, the measures increased the prices at which solar products could be purchased.
Komisija je menila, da so v OPP in predhodnih letih na povpraševanje v vseh treh segmentih vplivale sheme podpore, kot je navedeno v oddelku 6.3.2 spodaj.
This logically entails a certain increase in the price of the subsidised product.
Na povpraševanje po komercialnih in stanovanjskih napravah vse bolj vpliva doseganje maloprodajne paritete omrežja z davki in brez njih, kot je navedeno v oddelku 6.3.4.
The Chinese subsidised products had held a very high market share in the Union before the measures were imposed.
Učinek sprememb in – v nekaterih državah članicah – prekinitve ali ukinitve shem podpore
Their market share dropped after the measures were imposed.
Nasprotniki ukrepov so trdili, da solarni izdelki zaradi minimalne uvozne cene niso mogli slediti stroškovni krivulji učenja, medtem ko se je stopnja državne pomoči prilagodila tej krivulji učenja.
However, as discussed at length in section 6.3 the Commission found that this price increase caused by restoring the non-injurious price level had only a limited impact on the overall Union demand.
To neskladje med vse manjšo državno pomočjo in stagnirajočimi cenami je po njihovem mnenju povzročilo zmanjšanje povpraševanja po solarnih panelih v Uniji.
Therefore, the Commission concluded that unrelated importers suffered only marginally from the decrease in demand caused by the measures.
Menili so, da se niso uresničila pričakovanja Komisije, izražena v prvotni uredbi, da se bodo sheme podpore sčasoma prilagajale v skladu z razvojem cen projektov [90].
Downstream Industry
Vse družbe višje in nižje v prodajni verigi zato trpijo resne posledice krčenja trga Unije.
More than 140 downstream companies registered as interested parties.
Navedli so, da je ta ugotovitev med drugim priznana v študiji nemškega ministrstva za gospodarstvo in energijo („BMWi“) [91].
The downstream companies are installers of solar panels; EPCs (Engineering, Procurement and Construction), operation & maintenance companies and companies active in project finance.
Te strani so trdile, da je minimalna uvozna cena od leta 2013 ostala razmeroma stabilna, medtem ko je krivulja učenja, ki ji je še naprej sledila solarna industrija, dosegla 21 % [92].
While a majority of companies just registered as interested parties with no follow-up, around 30 companies provided more substantiated submissions opposing the measures.
Taka krivulja učenja pomeni, da se stroški proizvodnje z vsako podvojitvijo skupne nameščene solarne zmogljivosti znižajo za 21 %.
Three EPCs submitted a questionnaire reply.
Skupna svetovna solarna zmogljivost je leta 2013 znašala približno 130 GW, konec leta 2016 pa naj bi dosegla 290 GW.
In addition, more than 400 downstream companies from all the member states were signatories to an open letter calling to terminate the measures.
To pomeni, da se je do zdaj podvojila in da so se predvideni stroški proizvodnje znižali za 21 %.
More than 30 pan-European and national associations representing solar companies sent letters opposing the measures.
Navedle so, da je bila minimalna uvozna cena po navedbah PVInsights in drugih virov leta 2016 v določenem trenutku za 30 % višja od svetovne pogodbene prodajne cene.
Among them was the European Association of Electrical Contractors (AIE), claiming to represent the interests of the Union installers at the European level.
To po njihovem mnenju pomeni, da so bili evropski potrošniki dejansko izločeni iz ugodnosti svetovnega znižanja stroškov proizvodnje.
The most active associations were SPE and SAFE.
Komisija je glede na navedene trditve priznala, da solarna industrija sledi strmi krivulji učenja in da so se stroški proizvodnje zniževali.
SAFE is an ad hoc association of 50 German companies whilst SPE claims to be the most representative association of the Solar Power industry in Europe with more than 100 European members, out of which more than 80 support its position on termination of the measures on both solar modules and cells.
Zato je bil za zavezo/minimalno uvozno ceno določen mehanizem prilagoditve, ki je temeljil na cenah, ki jih je ponudila ena od agencij za zagotavljanje tržnih informacij, tj. Bloomberg.
EU Pro Sun pointed out that several large solar national associations stayed neutral towards the measures, although some of them are a member of SPE.
Cene na konkurenčnem trgu naj bi odražale zniževanje stroškov proizvodnje.
This is the case in particular for Bundesverband Solarwirtschaft (BSW), Germany (Europe's biggest solar association); British Photovoltaic Association (BPVA); Syndicat des Energies Renouvenables (SER), France; and ANIE Rinnovabili (renewable energy section of Confindustria), Italy.
Vendar se je indeks gibanja cen, ki ga je uporabljala Komisija, zelo malo spremenil.
In addition, EU Pro Sun also claims to have support from 150 European installers.
S tem se postavlja vprašanje, ki ga Komisija v tej preiskavi ni analizirala, in sicer, ali Bloombergov indeks še vedno ustrezno odraža gibanje cen na svetovnem trgu.
However, no installer has openly come forward in support of the measures.
Ker je to pregled zaradi izteka ukrepov, s katerim se ne more spremeniti stopnja ali oblika ukrepov, ni bilo potrebe po nadaljnji proučitvi tega vprašanja.
The European Trade Union Confederation and IndustriALL European Trade Union sent a joint letter supporting the measures.
Če zainteresirane strani menijo, da obstaja boljši način za izražanje krivulje učenja solarne industrije in posledičnega gibanja cen na svetovnem trgu v stopnji ukrepov, se lahko na njihovo zahtevo izvede vmesni pregled.
A German Association of Energy Consumers (Bund der Energieverbraucher) sent a letter in favour of the measures at the level which reflects the cost savings stemming from technological development.
Analiza zgoraj navedene študije BMWi, ki jo je opravila Komisija, je pokazala, da je bil glavni razlog za nedoseganje cilja 2500 MW novih naprav v Nemčiji leta 2014 stalno zniževanje stopnje nadomestila skupaj s stagniranjem cen naprav.
Following disclosure EU ProSun contested the statement that no installer had openly come forward in support of the measures.
Študija je pokazala tudi, da cene na trgu sončne energije niso nujno izražale stroškov proizvodnje, temveč so nanje vplivale znatne presežne zmogljivosti na svetovni ravni.
EU Pro Sun pointed to a letter by 150 installers supporting the measures and a letter signed by two members of the Fachpartnerbeirat der Solar World AG, both sent in October 2016.
Komisija je ugotovila, da veleprodajne cene na področju sončne energije niso stagnirale le v Uniji, temveč po vsem svetu.
The Commission noted that the 150 installers asked for anonymity, therefore the Commission continued to consider that they had not openly come forward in support of the measures.
Dejansko so se svetovne cene solarnih modulov, izražene v eurih, v drugi polovici leta 2014 celo povišale, kot je poročalo več agencij za zagotavljanje tržnih informacij, kot sta PV Insights [93] in BNEF [94].
The Commission also noted that Fachpartnerbeirat der Solar World AG claimed to represent over 800 installers, but the names of these installers were not provided.
Komisija je nadalje ugotovila, da so bile sheme podpore v nekaterih državah članicah v letih pred uvedbo ukrepov na visoki ravni, ker so bile prilagojene ravni cen Unije in cen iz drugih tretjih držav, kot so Japonska, Tajvan ali Združene države Amerike.
The Commission confirmed, however, that the two installers who signed an open latter on behalf of Fachpartnerbeirat der Solar World AG came openly in support of the measures.
Nekatere sheme podpore niso bile zasnovane tako, da bi bile kos množičnemu dotoku modulov s Kitajske po subvencioniranih cenah.
The parties opposing the measures on Union interest grounds claimed that downstream companies account for more than 80 % of the employment and value added in the European solar value chain.
Tak dotok je v letih pred uvedbo ukrepov povzročil povečanje povpraševanja za solarne naprave.
They pointed to the much higher number of jobs that they create compared to the cell and modules manufacturers in the Union.
Te so dosegle vrh leta 2011, ko so bili v nekaterih državah članicah znatno preseženi cilji uporabe solarnih sistemov.
However, the report did not explain the methodology for the calculation of this high number of employees.
Te spremembe so bile potrebne tudi za že nameščene naprave, pri katerih bi sicer podpora povzročila čezmerna nadomestila za vlagatelje [96].
Another party indicated that the downstream sector employs around 65000 people, based on the assumption of roughly 7FTE/MW/year.
Gibanja na trgu sončne energije v Združenem kraljestvu v obdobju 2014–2016 prav tako dokazujejo, da je bila raven shem podpore glavna gonilna sila povpraševanja v Uniji.
However, this party did not substantiate their assumptions, either.
Dokler so bile na voljo zagotovljene odkupne cene, je trg cvetel, čeprav so bili vzpostavljeni ukrepi trgovinske zaščite.
Based on the analysis of some representative projects in ground mounted, commercial and residential sectors, the Commission found that the amount of jobs involved in the downstream sector does not exceed 50000 people.
Po ukinitvi zagotovljenih odkupnih cen v začetku leta 2016 pa je obseg novih naprav upadel.
This figure is based on the assumption that total installation (total installation includes project and site development, distribution, logistics, actual installation and the overhead for all these activities) requires an average of 5,2 FTE/MW/year [86], while operation and maintenance requires roughly 0,08 FTE/MW/year.
To je priznano tudi v svetovnih napovedih Solar Power Europe: Na nedavni razcvet trga solarne energije v Združenem kraljestvu kot zamudniku v Evropi so prav tako vplivale predvsem spodbude za omrežne solarne sisteme, ki so se končale marca 2016 [97].
Nonetheless, given that cell and module manufacturing provides roughly 8000 jobs, the claim that the downstream sector generates significantly higher employment than the production of cells and modules is correct.
Čeprav agencije za zagotavljanje tržnih informacij v večini svojih poročil kot glavna razloga za stagnacijo povpraševanja Unije po sončni energiji običajno navajajo vse manjše sheme podpore in zakonodajno negotovost, zelo redko omenjajo ukrepe.
The Commission's investigation also found that most of the jobs involved in the downstream solar sector consist in the installation of modules on residential and commercial rooftops and mounting them on the ground.
V svetovnih tržnih napovedih agencije Solar Power Europe so prav tako navedene zmanjšane spodbude in negotovosti glede razvoja trga, pa tudi znižanja shem podpore za obstoječe naprave, da bi preprečili čezmerna nadomestila kot glavni razlog za zmanjšanje na evropskih trgih sončne energije; v zvezi s položajem Nemčije je v svetovnih napovedih Solar Power Europe za leto 2015 na primer navedeno: „Nemčija je kot druga v letu 2014 namestila manj kot 2 GW (1,9 GW), kar je manj od uradnega cilja 2,5 GW.
These jobs usually do not require a significant capital investment specific to solar installation — many tools and machines such as cranes, diggers, drills etc. can be also used for other construction works.
Vodilna država na svetu na področju fotovoltaike [tj. Nemčija] je bila pod pritiskom, naj zniža stroške podpornega sistema in novi predpisi so v dveh letih zmanjšali trg za 75 % (s 7,6 GW na 1,9 GW)“ [98].
While some installers are solely focused on the solar sector and are able to perform very high value added tasks, many installers also perform other jobs in the construction or energy sector or can easily switch to those sectors, without much impact on their revenue.
Komisija je ugotovila, da se je med letoma 2010 in 2013 močno povečalo povpraševanje po solarnih napravah, kar je bilo v nekaterih državah članicah posledica neskladja med zagotovljenimi odkupnimi cenami, določenimi na ravni poštene cene modulov, in splošno ravnjo cen, na katero vplivajo nepošteno subvencionirani kitajski moduli.
One interested party submitted that many installers were recently switching to the building sector because of low margins in solar installation and increasing margins in the construction of buildings in Germany.
Zmanjšanje povpraševanja leta 2013 in v naslednjih letih je bilo neizogibna posledica povpraševanja po napravah v predhodnih letih.
Therefore, the survival or economic welfare of many installers is not dependent on the solar sector alone.
Potrošnja/namestitev solarnih modulov se je začela znatno zmanjševati že leta 2012, kar je sovpadlo z znatnim znižanjem zagotovljenih odkupnih cen v navedenem letu v nekaterih državah članicah.
The same holds partially true for most of the EPCs that came forward in the investigation.
Med letom 2014 in OPP se je povpraševanje Unije povečevalo samo v Združenem kraljestvu, ki je bilo v tistem času država članica z najprivlačnejšimi shemami podpore.
Most of them are also involved in the development of other renewable sources of energy or are large construction companies developing projects in general building sector.
Zato je Komisija ugotovila, da so bile sheme podpore glavna gonilna sila povpraševanja v OPP in predhodnih letih.
The impact of the measures on the revenue and employment of the downstream companies depend on the impact of the measures on demand, which is discussed in the section 6.3 below.
Torej je mogoče sklepati, da je nepovezane uvoznike ter industrijo višje in nižje v prodajni verigi znatno prizadel upad potrošnje Unije, ki ni povezan z uvedbo ukrepov.
Following disclosure several parties contested the Commission's consideration that the E&Y report did not explain the methodology for its calculation of employment in the solar downstream sector.
Vpliv ukrepov na velike omrežne solarne sisteme
Solar Power Europe provided some additional information on the methodology.
V skladu z novimi pravili o državni pomoči [99] morajo do začetka leta 2017 sheme podpore temeljiti na „tržnih mehanizmih“ za vse velike naprave nad 1 MW [100], razen če so sheme podpore odobrene pred začetkom veljavnosti novih pravil.
Even after the additional information was provided, the Commission continued to consider that the methodology was still unclear, in particular neither the report nor the additional information indicated how many people were employed in installation of a representative solar project in each key segment.
V tem primeru lahko ostanejo nespremenjene do konca obdobja odobritve [101].
Following disclosure, several parties claimed that the Commission underestimated the amount of jobs involved in the downstream sector in the Union.
Tržni mehanizmi so zeleni certifikati in konkurenčni razpisni postopki.
These parties provided additional reports estimating the number of jobs at 120250 [87] in the Union in 2014 according to ‘Eurobserver’ and at 31600 in Germany according to GWS/DIW/DLR in 2015 [88].
Konkurenčni razpisni postopki so eden od tržnih mehanizmov, določenih v teh novih pravilih o državni pomoči.
The Commission observed that the report by the GWS/DIW/DLR covered the total employment in the whole solar value chain.
V skladu s takim mehanizmom dajo vlade količino zmogljivosti, ki jo želijo namestiti, na dražbo.
Consequently, the 31600 jobs indicated in that report includes also the upstream sector as well as cell and module manufacturing.
V skladu s pravili Unije o državni pomoči so konkurenčni razpisni postopki načeloma tehnološko nevtralni, vendar so lahko tudi tehnološko specifični, kadar se to na primer zahteva za zagotovitev potrebne raznolikosti energetskih virov.
The German upstream sector is believed to employ several thousand people — Wacker alone claimed to provide around 3000 jobs.
Razvijalci solarnih parkov dajo ponudbo za najnižjo ceno, za katero se dogovorijo, da se bo plačala za energijo, ki jo bodo dovajali v omrežje v življenjski dobi solarnega parka.
The solar manufacturing equipment and balance of plant equipment manufactures also claimed to employ a few thousand people.
Nasprotniki ukrepov trdijo, da bo imela minimalna uvozna cena v okviru novega cenovno občutljivega sistema konkurenčnih razpisnih postopkov vse večji negativni učinek na uporabo solarnih sistemov, ker zvišuje ceno modulov, ki so njihovi glavni sestavni deli.