natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The feed mix matches the animal requirements more accurately in terms of energy, amino acids and minerals, depending on the animal weight and/or production stage.
Običajno imajo naklon, da urin lažje odteka.
A certain amount of protein-rich feedstuffs is substituted by low-protein feedstuffs, in order to further reduce the crude protein content.
Zgoraj navedene vrste tal se uporabljajo v opisanih sistemih nastanitve, kadar je to ustrezno.
The diet is supplemented with synthetic amino acids (e.g. lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, valine) so that there is no deficiency in the amino acid profile.
Pod rešetkastimi tlemi ograd so globoke jame, v katerih je mogoče shranjevanje gnojevke med odstranitvami, kadar se te ne izvajajo pogosto.
Use of authorised feed additives which reduce total nitrogen excreted.
Pri prašičih pitancih se lahko uporabi prelivni kanal za gnoj.
Techniques for reducing phosphorus excreted
Izhodne odprtine na dnu jame ali kanala so povezane z odtočno cevjo, ki je nameščena spodaj in se po njej odvaja gnojevka v zunanje skladišče.
The feed consists of a mix matching the phosphorus supply to the phosphorus animal requirements more accurately depending on the animal weight and/or production stage.
Gnojevka se pogosto odstranjuje, in sicer z odpiranjem ventila ali čepa v glavni cevi za gnojevko, npr. enkrat ali dvakrat tedensko; nastane rahel vakuum, ki omogoča popolno izpraznitev jame ali kanala.
Use of authorised feed additives which reduce total phosphorus excreted (e.g. phytase).
Za pravilno delovanje sistema je potrebna ustrezna globina gnojevke, da je lahko vakuum učinkovit.
Authorised (according to Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003) substances, microorganisms or preparations such as enzymes (e.g. phytase) are added to feed or water in order to favourably affect feed efficiency e.g. by improving the digestibility of phytic phosphorus in the feedstuffs or affecting the gastrointestinal flora.
Kanal je v obliki črke V, na dnu pa je odtok.
Techniques to treat emissions to air from animal housing
Zaradi naklona in gladkih sten kanala gnojevka lažje odteka.
Biofilter
Gnoj se odstranjuje najmanj dvakrat tedensko.
The exhaust air is led through a filter bed of organic material, such as root wood or wood chips, coarse bark, compost or peat.
Na vsaki strani glavnega žleba je kanal v obliki črke V z dvema nagnjenima površinama, kjer lahko urin skozi odtok na dnu kanala za gnoj odteka v zbiralno jamo.
The filter material is always kept moist by intermittent sprinkling of the surface.
Iz jame je treba trdno frakcijo gnoja pogosto (npr. dnevno) odstranjevati s strgalnikom.
Dust particles and odorous air compounds are absorbed by the wet film and are oxidised or degraded by microorganisms living on the moistened litter material.
Da bi bile površine (bolj) gladke, se priporoča dodajanje premaza na ostrgana tla.
Bioscrubber (or biotrickling filter)
Kanali za gnoj in vodo so zgrajeni na nasprotnih straneh izbočenih in gladkih polnih betonskih tal.
A packed tower filter with inert packing material which is normally maintained continuously wet by sprinkling water.
Kanal za vodo je nameščen pod tisto stranjo ograde, na kateri prašiči se prašiči običajno krmijo in napajajo.
Air pollutants are absorbed in the liquid phase and subsequently degraded by microorganisms settling on the filter elements.
Za polnjenje kanalov za vodo se lahko uporabi voda za čiščenje ograd.
An ammonia reduction of between 70 % and 95 % can be achieved.
Kanal je delno napolnjen z najmanj 10 cm vode.
Dry filter
V kanalu za gnoj so lahko rešetkasti žlebovi ali poševne stene, ki se običajno izpirajo dvakrat dnevno, na primer z vodo iz drugega kanala ali tekočo frakcijo gnojevke (vsebnost suhe snovi je največ približno 5 %).
The exhaust air is blown against a screen made of e.g. multi-layered plastic placed in front of the end wall ventilator.
Trakovi za gnoj v obliki črke V tečejo po kanalih za gnoj, pri čemer pokrivajo celotno površino, da vsi iztrebki in urin padejo nanje.
The passing air is subject to strong changes of direction causing the separation of particles by centrifugal force.
Zaženejo se vsaj dvakrat dnevno, da se z njimi urin in iztrebki ločeno odstranijo v zaprto skladišče za gnoj.
Two-stage or three-stage air cleaning system
Trakovi so izdelani iz plastike (iz polipropilena ali polietilena).
In a two-stage system, the first stage (wet acid scrubber) is usually combined with a bioscrubber (second stage).
Zmanjšana jama za gnoj (v primeru delno rešetkastih tal).
In a three-stage system, a first stage consisting of a water scrubber is usually combined with a second stage (wet acid scrubber), followed by a biofilter (third stage).
V ogradi je ozka jama, široka približno 0,6 m.
Water scrubber
Jama je lahko umeščena v zunanji prehod.
The exhaust air is blown through a packed filter medium by transverse flow.
Pogosto odstranjevanje gnojevke z izplakovanjem (v primeru popolnoma ali delno rešetkastih tal).
Water is continuously sprayed on the packing material.
Zelo pogosto odstranjevanje gnojevke (npr. enkrat ali dvakrat dnevno) se izvaja z izplakovanjem kanalov s tekočo frakcijo gnojevke (vsebnost suhe snovi je največ približno 5 %) ali vodo.
Dust is removed and settles in the water tank, which is emptied before refilling.
Tekoča frakcija gnojevke se lahko pred izpiranjem tudi prezračuje.
Water trap
Ta tehnika se lahko kombinira s posameznimi različicami tal kanalov ali boksov, npr. žlebov z rešetko, cevi ali stalnih plasti gnojevke.
The exhaust air is directed by ventilation fans down onto a water bath where dust particles get soaked.
Nastanitev v pokritih delih boksa ali utah (v primeru delno rešetkastih tal).
The flow is then redirected 180 degrees upward.
V ogradah bivalnih prostorov z naravnim prezračevanjem so organizirane ločene funkcionalne površine.
The water level is topped up regularly to compensate for evaporation.
Ležalna površina (približno 50–60 % celotne površine) je sestavljena iz ravnih izoliranih betonskih tal s pokritimi, izoliranimi utami ali pokritimi deli boksa s streho na tečajih, ki se lahko dvigne ali spusti za nadzor temperature in prezračevanja.
Wet acid scrubber
Aktivne površine in površine za hranjenje so na rešetkastih tleh, pod katerimi je jama za gnoj in s katerih se gnoj pogosto odstranjuje, npr. z vakuumom.
The exhaust air is forced through a filter (e.g. packed wall) where a circulating acid liquid (e.g. sulphuric acid) is sprayed.
Polna betonska tla se lahko prekrijejo s slamo.
Techniques for pig houses
Tla, v celoti prekrita z nastiljem (v primeru polnih betonskih tal).
Description of floor types and techniques for reducing ammonia emissions in pig houses
Polna betonska tla so skoraj v celoti prekrita s plastjo slame ali drugega lignoceluloznega materiala.
Type of floor
V sistemih, kjer so tla prekrita z nastiljem, se hlevski gnoj pogosto odstranjuje (npr. dvakrat tedensko).
Fully slatted floor
V sistemih z globokim nastiljem se lahko po vrhu dodaja sveža slama, nabrani gnoj pa se odstrani ob koncu rejnega cikla.
A floor where the whole area is slatted using metal, concrete or plastic floor with openings that allows faeces and urine to drop into a channel or a pit beneath.
Ločene funkcionalne površine se lahko organizirajo v površine za ležanje, hranjenje, hojo in iztrebljanje.
Partly slatted floor
Zunanji prehod, pokrit z nastiljem (v primeru polnih betonskih tal).
A floor that is partly solid and partly slatted using metal, concrete or plastic floor with openings that allows faeces and urine to drop into a channel or a pit beneath.
Vratca prašičem omogočajo, da zapustijo prostor in se iztrebijo v zunanjem prehodu, v katerem so tla betonska in prekrita z nastiljem.
Fouling of the solid floor is prevented by proper management of the indoor climate parameters, especially under hot conditions, and/or by proper design of the housing systems.
Gnoj pade v kanal, iz katerega se postrga enkrat dnevno.
Solid concrete floor
Svinje bivajo v ogradi, ki je razdeljena na dve funkcionalni površini: glavno površino, pokrito z nastiljem, in več ograjenih prostorov za hranjenje/ležanje na polnih tleh.
A floor where the entire area consists of solid concrete.
Gnoj se zbira na slami ali drugemu lignoceluloznemu materialu, ki se redno dodaja in nadomešča.
The floor can be covered with litter (e.g. straw) to varying degrees.
Gnoj se zbira v vodi za čiščenje, ki se zadržuje v kanalu za gnoj in se doliva do višine približno 120–150 mm.
The floor is usually sloped to facilitate the drainage of urine.
Poševne stene kanala so izbirne.
The floor types listed above are used in the described housing systems, when appropriate:
Po vsakem rejnem ciklu se kanal z gnojem izprazni.
Pens are equipped with a deep pit below the slatted floor that allows for the storage of the slurry between infrequent removals.
Kombinacija kanalov za vodo in gnoj (v primeru popolnoma rešetkastih tal).
For fattening pigs, an overflow manure channel can be used.
Svinja se stalno zadržuje na enem mestu (z uporabo prasitvene košare), ki ima določeno površino za iztrebljanje.
Removal of slurry for landspreading or to outdoor store takes place as frequent as possible (e.g. at least every two months) unless there are technical restrictions (e.g. storage capacity).
Jama za gnoj je razdeljena na dva dela, spredaj je širok kanal za vodo, zadaj pa majhen kanal za gnoj, površina za gnoj je zmanjšana.
Outlets at the bottom of the pit or channel are connected to a discharge pipe underneath which transfers slurry to outdoor storage.
Sprednji kanal je delno napolnjen z vodo.
Slurry is frequently discharged by opening a valve or a plug in the main slurry pipe, e.g. once or twice every week; a slight vacuum develops and allows the complete emptying of the pit or channel.
Posoda za gnoj (v primeru popolnoma ali delno rešetkastih tal).
A certain depth of slurry needs to be obtained before the system can operate properly to allow the vacuum to be effective.
Pod rešetkasta tla se namesti montažna posoda (ali jama).
The manure channel creates a V section with the point of discharge at the bottom.
Posoda je na enem koncu globlja in ima naklon najmanj 3° proti sredinskemu kanalu za gnoj; gnoj izteka, ko je posoda napolnjena do višine približno 12 cm.
The slope and the smoothness of the surface facilitate the slurry discharge.
V primeru kanala za vodo je posoda lahko razdeljena na del za vodo in del za gnoj.
Manure removal is carried out at least twice every week.
Sistem toka slame (v primeru polnih betonskih tal).
There is a V-shaped channel with two inclined surfaces on each side of a central gutter, where urine can be drained to a collection pit through a drain in the bottom of the manure channel.
Prašiči se redijo v ogradah s polnimi tlemi, z določeno nagnjeno površino za ležanje in površino za izločanje.
From the pit, the solid fraction of the manure is extracted frequently (e.g. daily) by a scraper.
Živalim se slama dnevno dodaja.
The addition of a coating on the scraped floor is recommended in order to achieve a smooth(er) surface.
Prašiči s svojim gibanjem potiskajo in razporedijo nastilj po nagnjenih tleh ograde navzdol (4–10 %) v hodnik za zbiranje gnoja.
Manure and water channels are built at opposite sides of the convex and smooth solid concrete floor.
Trdna frakcija se lahko s strgalnikom pogosteje odstranjuje (npr. dnevno).
The water channel is installed underneath the side of the pen where the pigs tend to eat and drink.
Prasitveni boksi imajo ločene funkcionalne površine: nastlano ležišče, prostor za hojo in blatišče z rešetkastimi ali perforiranimi tlemi ter površino za hranjenje na polnih tleh.
Water for cleaning the pens may be used to fill the water channels.
Za sesne pujske je urejeno nastlano in pokrito gnezdo.
The channel is partially filled with at least 10 cm of water.
Gnojevka se pogosto odstranjuje s strgalnikom.
The manure channel can be built with flashed gutters or slanted walls which are normally flushed twice every day for example with water from the other channel or the liquid fraction of the slurry (dry matter content no higher than approximately 5 %).
Hlevski gnoj se dnevno ročno odstranjuje s površin s polnimi tlemi.
V-shaped manure belts roll inside the manure channels covering the whole surface, so that all faeces and urine are dropped on them.
Nastilj se redno dodaja.
Belts are run at least twice every day to separately carry urine and faeces to closed manure storage.
Sistem se lahko kombinira z ogrado.
Belts are made of plastic (polypropylene or polyethylene).
Na površini kanalov za gnoj plavajo žogice, ki so do polovice napolnjene z vodo in izdelane iz posebne plastike z nelepljivim premazom.
Reduced manure pit (in case of partly slatted floor).
Tehnike za hlajenje gnojevke
The pen is equipped with a narrow pit with a width of about 0,6 m.
Cevi za hlajenje gnojevke
The pit can be placed in an external alley.
Znižanje temperature gnojevke (običajno manj kot 12 °C) se doseže z namestitvijo sistema za hlajenje nad gnojevko, nad betonska tla ali vgraditvijo v tla.
Frequent slurry removal by flushing (in case of fully or partly slatted floor).
Uporabi se lahko jakost hlajenja od 10 W/m2 do 50 W/m2 za breje svinje in prašiče pitance, ki so nastanjeni na delno rešetkastih tleh.
A very frequent removal (e.g. once or twice per day) of the slurry is performed by flushing the channels with the liquid fraction of the slurry (dry matter content no higher than approximately 5 %) or water.
Sistem je sestavljen iz cevi, po katerih kroži hladilno sredstvo ali voda.
The liquid fraction of the slurry can also be aerated before flushing.
Cevi so povezane z izmenjevalnikom toplote za rekuperacijo toplote, ki se lahko uporabi za ogrevanje drugih delov kmetije.
This technique can be combined with individual variations of the bottoms of channels or pits, e.g. gutters, tubes or a permanent slurry layer.
Jamo ali kanale je treba pogosto prazniti zaradi sorazmerno majhne izmenjevalne površine cevi.
Kennel/hut housing (in case of partly slatted floor).
Tehnike za znižanje pH vrednosti gnojevke
Separate functional areas are organised in the pens of naturally ventilated houses.
Gnojevki se doda žveplova kislina, da se pH vrednost v jami za gnojevko zniža na približno 5,5.
The lying area (about 50-60 % of the total area) consists of a levelled insulated concrete floor with covered, insulated huts or kennels, with a hinged roof that can be raised or lowered to control temperature and ventilation.
Dodajanje se lahko izvede v procesnem rezervoarju, sledita pa prezračevanje in homogenizacija.
The activity and feeding areas lie on a slatted floor with a manure pit underneath and frequent manure removal, e.g. by vacuum.
Del obdelane gnojevke se prečrpa nazaj v shranjevalno jamo pod tlemi bivalnih prostorov.
Straw can be used on the solid concrete floor.
Sistem obdelave je povsem avtomatiziran.
Full litter system (in case of solid concrete floor).
Pred razvozom na kisla tla (ali po njem) je morda potrebno dodajanje apna, da se nevtralizira pH tal.
A fully concrete floor almost completely covered with a layer of straw or other lignocellulosic material.
Zakisovanje gnojevke se lahko izvede tudi neposredno v skladišču za gnojevko ali se neprekinjeno izvaja med razvozom.
In the litter-floored system, solid manure is frequently removed (e.g. twice per week).
Tehnike za bivalne objekte za perutnino
Alternatively in the deep litter system, fresh straw is added on top and the accumulated manure is removed at the end of the rearing cycle.
Tehnike za zmanjšanje emisij amoniaka iz bivalnih objektov za nesnice, plemenske brojlerje ali jarkice
Separate functional areas can be organised into lying, feeding, walking and defecating areas.
Sistem reje
Littered external alley (in case of solid concrete floor).
Sistem baterijske reje z neobogatenimi kletkami
A small door allows the pig to go out to defecate in an external alley with a concrete littered floor.
Plemenski brojlerji so nastanjeni v sistemih baterijske reje z neobogatenimi kletkami, ki so opremljeni z gredmi, prostori za nastilj in gnezdi.
The manure falls into a channel from where it is scraped once every day.
Jarkice morajo izkusiti ustrezne upravljavske prakse (npr. posebne sisteme hranjenja in napajanja) in okoljske razmere (npr. naravno svetlobo, gredi, nastilj), da se bodo lahko prilagodile na živinorejske sisteme, s katerimi se bodo srečale pozneje v življenju.
Sows are kept in a pen divided into two functional areas, the main one littered and a series of feeding/lying boxes over a solid floor.
Kletke so običajno razvrščene v treh ali več etažah.
Manure is captured in the straw or other lignocellulosic material, which is regularly supplied and replaced.
Sistem baterijske reje z obogatenimi kletkami
Manure is collected in the cleaning water that is kept in the manure channel and refilled up to a level of around 120-150 mm.
Obogatene kletke imajo nagnjena tla, izdelane so iz varjene žične mreže ali plastičnih letvic ter opremljene s pripomočki in večjim prostorom za hranjenje, napajanje, gnezdenje, brskanje, sedenje na gredi in zbiranje jajc.
Slanted channel walls are optional.
Zmogljivost kletk je lahko od približno 10 do 60 živali.
After each rearing cycle, the manure channel is emptied.
Globok nastilj z jamo za gnoj
A combination of water and manure channels (in case of fully slatted floor).
Vsaj tretjina celotne površine tal v bivalnem objektu je prekrita z nastiljem (npr. s peskom, lesnimi oblanci, slamo).
The sow is kept in a fixed place (by using a farrowing crate) with a specific defecating area.
Preostala površina tal je rešetkasta, pod njo pa je jama za gnoj.
The manure pit is split up into a wide water channel at the front and a small manure channel at the back, with a reduced manure surface.
Pripomočki za hranjenje in napajanje so nameščeni nad območjem z rešetkastimi tlemi.
The front channel is partly filled with water.
V bivalnem objektu ali zunaj njega so lahko dodatne konstrukcije, kot so verande in sistemi za prosto rejo.
Manure pan (in case of fully or partly slatted floor).
Voliere
A prefabricated pan (or pit) is placed under the slatted floor.
Voliere so razdeljene na različne funkcionalne površine za hranjenje, napajanje, valjenje jajc, brskanje in počivanje.
The pan is deepest at one end with a slope of at least 3° towards a central manure channel; the manure discharges when its level reaches around 12 cm.
Uporabna površina je povečana z dvignjenimi rešetkastimi tlemi, kar se kombinira s postavitvijo na več nivojih.
If a water channel exists, the pan can be subdivided into a water section and a manure section.
Rešetkasta tla zajemajo od 30 % do 60 % celotne površine tal.
Straw flow system (in case of solid concrete floor).
Preostali del tal je običajno prekrit z nastiljem.
Pigs are reared in pens with solid floors, where a sloped lying area and an excretion area are defined.
V napravah za nesnice in plemenske brojlerje se sistem lahko kombinira z verandami s sistemom za prosto rejo ali brez njega.
Straw is provided to the animals daily.
Trakovi za odstranjevanje gnoja so nameščeni pod kletkami.
Pig activity pushes and distributes the litter down the pen's slope (4-10 %) to the manure collection aisle.
Gnoj se lahko odstranjuje enkrat tedensko (s sušenjem z zrakom) ali večkrat (brez sušenja z zrakom).
The solid fraction can be removed frequently (e.g. daily) with a scraper.
Zbirni trak se lahko prezračuje, da se gnoj posuši.
Farrowing pens are equipped with separate functional areas: a bedded lying area, walking and dung areas with slatted or perforated floors, and a feeding area on a solid floor.
Na traku se lahko uporabi tudi sušenje s pahljačami.
Piglets are provided with a littered and covered nest.
Gnoj se odstranjuje s strgalniki (redno) ali trakovi (enkrat tedensko v primeru sušenega gnoja oziroma dvakrat tedensko, kadar gnoj ni sušen).
Slurry is frequently removed with a scraper.
Sistem z globokim nastiljem (glej opis zgoraj) se kombinira z nepogostim odstranjevanjem gnoja, npr. ob koncu rejnega cikla.
Solid manure is manually removed from the solid floor areas on a daily basis.
Zagotovi se najmanjša vsebnost suhe snovi v gnoju približno 50–60 %.
Litter is regularly provided.
To se doseže z ustreznim sistemom prisilnega prezračevanja (npr. z ventilatorji in odsesovalnimi sistemi, nameščenimi na ravni tal).
A yard can be combined with the system.
Umetno sušenje gnoja z zrakom prek cevi (v primeru globokega nastilja z jamo za gnoj).
Balls half-filled with water and made of special plastic with non-sticky coating, float on the surface of the manure channels.
Sistem z globokim nastiljem (glej opis zgoraj) se kombinira s sušenjem gnoja s prisilnim prezračevanjem, ki se izvaja s cevmi, iz katerih piha zrak (npr. pri 17–20 °C in 1,2 m3/žival) nad gnojem, shranjenim pod rešetkastimi tlemi.
Techniques for cooling slurry
Sistem z globokim nastiljem (glej opis zgoraj) je opremljen s perforiranimi tlemi, na katerih je gnoj in ki omogočajo prisilno vpihovanje zraka od spodaj.
Slurry cooling pipes
Gnoj se odstrani ob koncu rejnega cikla.
A reduction of slurry temperature (usually less than 12 °C) is achieved by installing a cooling system placed above the slurry, above the concrete floor or cast into the floor.
Gnoj se zbira na trakovih pod rešetkastimi tlemi in se najmanj enkrat tedensko odstranjuje s prezračevanimi ali neprezračevanimi trakovi.
The applied cooling intensity can be from 10 W/m2 to 50 W/m2 for gestating sows and fattening pigs housed on partly slatted floors.
V volierah za jarkice se lahko kombinirajo tla z nastiljem in polna tla.
The system consists of pipes in which a refrigerant or water is circulated.
V sistemu z globokim nastiljem brez jame za gnoj se lahko za sušenje nastilja uporabljajo sistemi za recirkulacijo notranjega zraka, pri čemer je treba upoštevati fiziološke potrebe živali.
The pipes are connected to a heat exchange device to recover energy that may be used for heating other parts of the farm.
V ta namen se lahko uporabijo ventilatorji, izmenjevalniki toplote in/ali grelci.
The pit or the channels need to be frequently emptied due to a relatively small exchanging surface of the pipes.
Tehnike za zmanjšanje emisij amoniaka iz bivalnih objektov za brojlerje
Techniques for reducing the pH of slurry
Stavba je zaprta in dobro izolirana, v njej je naravno ali prisilno prezračevanje in kombinira se lahko z verando in/ali sistemom za prosto rejo.
Sulphuric acid is added to slurry in order to lower the pH to about 5,5 in the slurry pit.
Polna tla so v celoti prekrita z nastiljem, ki se po potrebi lahko dodaja.
The addition can be carried out in a process tank, followed by aeration and homogenisation.
Izolacija tal (npr. z betonom, glino, membrano) preprečuje kondenzacijo vode v nastilju.
Part of the treated slurry is pumped back to the storage pit under the housing floors.
Hlevski gnoj se odstrani ob koncu rejnega cikla.
The treatment system is fully automated.
Oblika in način delovanja sistema pitne vode preprečujeta kapljanje in razlitje vode na nastilj.
Prior to (or after) landspreading on acid soils, lime addition may be required to neutralise the pH of the soil.
Za sušenje nastilja se lahko uporabljajo sistemi za recirkulacijo notranjega zraka, pri čemer je treba upoštevati fiziološke potrebe živali.
Alternatively, acidification can be performed directly in the slurry store or continuously during landspreading.
Večnadstropni sistem na več nivojih, opremljen s trakovi za gnoj, ki so prekriti z nastiljem.
Techniques for poultry housing
Med posameznimi vrstami nivojev se pustijo koridorji za prezračevanje.
Techniques for reducing ammonia emissions from houses for laying hens, broiler breeders or pullets
Zrak prodira skozi en koridor in se usmeri v nastilj na traku za gnoj.
Housing system
Nastilj se odstrani ob koncu rejnega cikla.
Unenriched cage system
Sistem se lahko uporablja v kombinaciji z ločeno začetno fazo, ko se brojlerski piščanci izvalijo in nekaj časa gojijo na trakovih za gnoj z nastiljem v večnivojskem sistemu.
Broiler breeders are housed in unenriched cage systems fitted with perches, litter area and nest.
Glej oddelek 4.2.