natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
Vendar v zvezi z izkopavanjem premoga in drugih trdnih goriv v zadevni prilogi ni navedena nobena ustrezna zakonodaja, s katero bi se ta sektor liberaliziral.
Directive 2014/25/EU applies to the award of contracts for the pursuit of activities related to exploitation of a geographical area for the purpose of extracting coal or other solid fuels, unless this activity is exempted pursuant to Article 34 of that Directive.
Zato ni mogoče predpostavljati, da je vzpostavljen prosti dostop do trga, ter je treba dokazati, da je tak dostop dejansko in pravno prost.
Pursuant to Article 34 of Directive 2014/25/EU, contracts intended to enable the performance of an activity to which that Directive applies are not to be subject to that Directive if, in the Member State in which it is carried out, the activity is directly exposed to competition on markets to which access is not restricted.
Ta sklep ne posega v uporabo pravil o konkurenci in na druga področja prava Unije.
Direct exposure to competition is assessed on the basis of objective criteria, taking account of the specific characteristics of the sector concerned.
Zlasti merila in metodologija, uporabljena pri oceni neposredne izpostavljenosti konkurenci v skladu s členom 34 Direktive 2014/25/EU, niso nujno enaka tistim, ki se uporabljajo pri oceni v skladu s členom 101 ali 102 Pogodbe ali Uredbo Sveta (ES) št. 139/2004 [10].
Access is deemed to be unrestricted if the Member State has implemented and applied the relevant Union legislation opening a given sector or a part of it.
Ta vidik je potrdilo tudi Sodišče v nedavni sodbi [11].
That legislation is listed in Annex III to Directive 2014/25/EU.
OCENA
However for extraction of coal and other solid fuels, that annex does not list any relevant legislation liberalising this sector.
Prosti dostop do trga
Consequently, free access to the market cannot be presumed, and it has to be demonstrated de facto and de jure.
Ker ni mogoče predpostavljati, da je vzpostavljen prost dostop do trga, je treba dokazati, da je tak dostop dejansko in pravno prost.
This Decision is without prejudice to the application of the rules on competition and other fields of Union law.
Vložnik trdi, da ni zakonskih omejitev glede dostopa do trga šote.
In particular, the criteria and the methodology used to assess direct exposure to competition under Article 34 of Directive 2014/25/EU are not necessarily identical to those used to perform an assessment under Article 101 or 102 of the Treaty or Council Regulation (EC) No 139/2004 [10].
Za proizvodnjo šote je potrebno okoljsko dovoljenje, vendar tega ni mogoče šteti za omejitev dostopa do trga.
This point was upheld also by the Court in a recent judgement [11].
Poleg tega s proizvodnjo šote niso povezane posebne ali izključne pravice.
ASSESSMENT
Iz preučitve pravnih določb, ki veljajo za izdajanje dovoljenj za proizvodnjo šote na Finskem, je razvidno, da se ta zdaj podeljujejo nediskriminacijsko.
Free access to the market
Za začetek proizvodnje šote je potrebno okoljsko dovoljenje.
Since free access to the market cannot be presumed, it has to be demonstrated de facto and de jure.
Čeprav je lahko postopek pridobitve takega dovoljenja zelo dolgotrajen (traja od enega do štirih let), so postopek dodelitve dovoljenja in merila za dodelitev enaki za vse udeležence na trgu, zato tega z vidika javnega naročanja ni mogoče šteti za omejevanje dostopa do trga.
The Applicant argues that there are no legal restrictions regarding access to the peat market.
Za namene tega sklepa je mogoče šteti, da je pravno možnost pridobitve dovoljenja za proizvodnjo šote prosto dostopna.
Peat production requires an environmental permit but this cannot be deemed to restrict access to the market.
Precejšen del šotišč, primernih za proizvodnjo šote, se še ni uporabljal [12].
Moreover, there are no special or exclusive rights attached to peat production.
Vložnik tudi trdi, da se je v zadnjih letih število proizvajalcev šote povečalo [13], s čimer bi se podprla trditev, da je dostop do trga dejansko prost.
An examination of the legal provisions applicable to issuing licenses for peat production, in Finland, shows that such licences are currently granted on non-discriminatory basis.
Tudi finski organi so potrdili, da je dostop do te dejavnosti prost [14].
In order to start peat production, an environmental permit is needed.
Za oceno pogojev iz člena 34 Direktive 2014/25/EU in brez poseganja v konkurenčno pravo ali uporabo katerega koli drugega področja prava EU se lahko glede na navedeno šteje, da je dostop do trga za izkoriščanje geografskega območja za namene izkopavanja šote dejansko in pravno prost.
Although the process of obtaining such permit may be very lengthy (from one to four years), the procedure for granting the permit, and the criteria for granting it are the same for all market operators, therefore, this cannot be deemed to restrict access to the market from a public procurement perspective.
Neposredna izpostavljenost konkurenci
For the purposes of this decision, the possibility to obtain a licence for production of peat could be considered, de jure, free.
Neposredno izpostavljenost konkurenci bi bilo treba oceniti na podlagi različnih kazalnikov, od katerih nobeden ni sam po sebi odločilen.
A significant part of the peat land suitable for peat production has not been used yet [12].
V zvezi s trgi, na katere se nanaša ta sklep, je eno od meril, ki jih je treba upoštevati, tržni delež glavnih akterjev na določenem trgu.
The Applicant also argues that the number of peat producers has grown in the recent years [13], which would support the argument that the access to the market is free de facto.
Glede na značilnosti zadevnih trgov bi bilo mogoče upoštevati tudi dodatna merila.
The free access of this activity was confirmed by the Finnish authorities [14].
Poleg tega taka opredelitev, kot je prikazano zgoraj, nikakor ne prejudicira uporabe členov 101 in/ali 102 Pogodbe in pravil o nadzoru združevanja v skladu z Uredbo (ES) št. 139/2004 ter nobene uredbe in obvestila in smernice Komisije, ki se uporabljajo in so povezani z izvajanjem pravil Unije o konkurenci, vključno z ustreznimi določbami v zvezi z opredelitvijo trga in izračunom tržnih deležev.
In view of the above, for the purposes of evaluating the conditions laid down in Article 34 of Directive 2014/25/EU and without prejudice to competition law, or the application of any other field of EU law, the access to the market for exploitation of a geographical area for the purposes of extracting peat, can be considered free de facto and de jure.
Cilj tega sklepa je ugotoviti, ali so storitve, na katere se nanaša zahtevek, izpostavljene takšni stopnji konkurence za namene javnih naročil (na trgih, do katerih dostop ni omejen v smislu člena 34 Direktive 2014/25/EU), ki bo zagotovila, da se bodo tudi ob odsotnosti discipline, dosežene s podrobnimi pravili o javnem naročanju iz Direktive 2014/25/EU, javna naročila za opravljanje zadevnih dejavnosti pregledno in nediskriminacijsko izvajala na podlagi meril, s pomočjo katerih lahko naročniki opredelijo, katera rešitev je ekonomsko najugodnejša.
Direct exposure to competition
Družba Vapo je edini naročnik, dejaven na trgu šote na Finskem, ter s tem edini subjekt, za katerega veljajo pravila Unije o javnem naročanju.
Direct exposure to competition should be evaluated on the basis of various indicators, none of which are, per se, decisive.
V tem okviru je pomembno upoštevati, da imajo družbe, za katere postopki javnega naročanja ne veljajo, pri delovanju na teh trgih možnost ustvarjanja konkurenčnega pritiska na vložnika.
In respect of the markets concerned by this decision, the market share of the main players on a given market constitutes one criterion which should be taken into account.
Upoštevni proizvodni trg
Given the characteristics of the markets concerned, further criteria may also be taken into account.
Zahtevek zajema proizvodnjo šote in njeno prodajo na debelo.
Moreover, such definition, as seen above, does not in any way prejudge the application of Articles 101 and/or 102 of the Treaty and merger control rules under Regulation (EC) No 139/2004 as well as of all the applicable Regulations and Commission's notices and guidelines related to the enforcement of Union competition rules, including the relevant provisions regarding market definition and market shares calculation.
Proizvajalci pridobivajo in predelujejo šoto ter jo neposredno brez posrednikov prodajajo različnim obratom.
The aim of this Decision is to establish whether the services concerned by the Request are exposed to such a level of competition for public procurement purposes (in markets to which access is not restricted within the meaning of Article 34 of Directive 2014/25/EU) which will ensure that, also in the absence of the discipline brought about by the detailed procurement rules set out in Directive 2014/25/EU, procurement for the pursuit of the activities concerned will be carried out in a transparent, non-discriminatory manner based on criteria allowing purchasers to identify the solution which overall is the economically most advantageous one.
Pri preučitvi konkurence na trgu proizvodnje šote je treba upoštevati povezave med proizvodnjo in prvo prodajo/distribucijo pridobljene šote na debelo.
Vapo is the only contracting entity active in the peat market in Finland, thus the only entity subject to the Union public procurement rules.
Za ta sklep in brez poseganja v uporabo drugega prava EU se bosta proizvodnja šote in njena prodaja na debelo obravnavali skupaj na istem proizvodnem trgu.
In this context it is important to keep in mind that the companies which are not subject to the public procurement procedures, when acting on these markets, have the possibility to bring competitive pressure on the Applicant.
Vložnik trdi, da spada šota na isti upoštevni trg kot vsaj lesna goriva (tj. gozdni sekanci in stranski proizvodi gozdarske industrije).
Relevant product market
Družba Vapo je dejavna na trgih za šoto in les, vendar večino prodaje ustvari s šoto.
The Request covers production and wholesale of peat.
V skladu s prejšnjo prakso [15] finskega organa za konkurenco in potrošnike se je štelo, da spadata šota in les na ločena proizvodna trga, vendar je opredelitev ostala odprta.
The producers extract and process peat and sell it directly to different plants without intermediaries.
Razlikovanje pri opredelitvi trga za šoto in les je temeljilo na naslednjih razlogih: visoki investicijski stroški, povezani z zamenjavo/spremembo tehnologije, različne tehnične lastnosti šote in lesa, pomanjkanje zalog lesa, neobstoj posebne tržne cene za lesna goriva in dolgoročne pogodbe.
When considering competition in the market for production of peat, regard must be had to the links between production and first sale/wholesale distribution of the peat extracted.
Komisija je ocenila sedanji položaj na trgu z vrednotenjem ustreznosti navedenih razlogov.
For the purposes of this decision, and without prejudice to application of other EU law, the production and wholesale of peat will be considered together in the same product market.
Tehnološke spremembe
The Applicant argues that peat belongs to the same relevant market as, at least wood fuels (i.e. forest chips and forest industry by-products).
Vložnik trdi, da se ena od najpomembnejših sprememb v primerjavi s časom, ko bili sprejeti prejšnji sklepi finskega organa za konkurenco in potrošnike, nanaša na spremembe v tehnologiji zgorevanja v obratu, zaradi česar se je poraba lesnih goriv povečala, poraba šote pa zmanjšala.
Vapo is active in both markets for peat and wood, but its sales are mainly of peat.
Vložnik zlasti trdi, da je mogoče zdaj šoto in les uporabljati v praktično vseh toplarnah na Finskem.
Previous practice [15] of the Finnish NCA considered that peat and wood belong to separate product markets, but left the definition open.
Zato se je poraba lesnih goriv v zadnjih 15 letih povečala [16].
The differentiation in market definition for peat and wood was based on the following arguments: the high investment costs involved in switching/changing the technology, different technical qualities of peat and wood, shortages in the wood supply, lack of a specific market price for wood fuels and long-term agreements.
Finski organ za konkurenco in potrošnike je potrdil, da je v zadnjih nekaj letih les izvajal vse večji konkurenčni pritisk na šoto [17].
The Commission assessed the current situation of the market, by evaluating the pertinence of the arguments above.
Opazil je, da so proizvajalci energije vlagali v obrate na več goriv, v katerih se lahko uporabljajo šota, les in celo premog, da bi se lahko čim bolj prilagodili različnim tržnim razmeram ter okoljski in davčni politiki.
Technological changes
Trenutno 20 največjih uporabnikov šote [18] na Finskem uporablja kurilno šoto skupaj z lesom in tudi premogom (za obrate, ki ležijo ob obali) [19].
The Applicant argues that one of the most significant changes compared to the time of the previous decisions by the Finnish NCA relate to the changes in the plant's burning technology which resulted in an increase of wood fuel consumption, and a decrease of peat consumption.
Od 400 elektrarn in toplarn, ki uporabljajo šoto in les, le manj kot 20 malih toplarn uporablja samo šoto [20].
It particular, the Applicant argues that it is nowadays possible to combust peat and wood, practically in all heating plants in Finland.
Vendar pa je poraba v teh toplarnah komaj vredna omembe [21].
This lead to an increase of consumption of wood fuels in the past 15 years [16].
Tehnične lastnosti šote in lesa
The Finnish NCA confirmed that over the past few years peat has been facing an increasing competitive pressure from wood [17].
Komisija glede tehničnih razlik ugotavlja, da se lahko danes tehnično učinkovito izgorevanje doseže tako, da se skupaj z lesom dodajajo kemikalije.
The Finnish NCA observed that energy producers carried out investment in multi-fuel plants, which can use peat, wood and even coal, in order to allow their maximum of flexibility vis-à-vis different market conditions as well as environmental and taxation policies.
Opozarja se, da se z izključno uporabo lesa povečuje korozija kotla, zato se za preprečevanje korozije med postopkom zgorevanja običajno doda zelo majhen delež šote (ki naravno vsebuje žveplo), premoga ali kemikalij, kot sta žveplo ali apnenec.
The 20 largest peat-users [18] in Finland are currently all using peat fuel along with wood and also with coal (for plants situated along the coast) [19].
Optimizirani delež potrebne kurilne šote se precej razlikuje in znaša od 0 do 60 %, odvisen pa je od tehnologije obrata in načrtovanih emisij [22].
Out of the 400 power and heating plants using peat and wood, only less than 20 small heating plants are using peat alone [20].
Komisija je vložnika vprašala [23] glede sezonskih vzorcev pri dobavi mešanice šote in lesa med letom, natančneje, ali so morali odjemalci dejansko uporabljati samo šoto ali samo les.
However, the consumption of these plants is marginal [21].
Vložnik je pojasnil [24], da je poraba šote največja od januarja do marca, medtem ko je poleti majhna, saj se gorivo ne uporablja za ogrevanje.
Technical qualities of peat and wood
Za primer je uporabil razmere iz leta 2015, ko so bile temperature zelo nizke [25] ter so obrati za daljinsko ogrevanje namesto lesa porabili več šote in nafte.
As regards the technical differences, the Commission notes that nowadays technically efficient burning can be achieved by adding chemicals together with wood.
Vendar so bile nadomeščene količine glede na skupno porabo majhne.
It is noted that using only wood increases the corrosion of the boiler and a minimum percentage of peat (which is naturally sulphurous), coal or chemicals such as sulphur or lime are usually added in the combustion process to prevent corrosion.
Razpoložljivost lesnih goriv
The optimised percentage of fuel peat needed varies significantly, depending on the plant technology, on the planned emission, and it ranges between 0 and 60 % [22].
Vložnik glede pomanjkanja lesa trdi, da so sedanje razmere povsem drugačne kot ob sprejetju prejšnjih sklepov organa za konkurenco in potrošnike, saj so gospodarski subjekti vlagali v stroje za sečnjo lesa, zaradi česar se je trg lesa znatno povečal [26].
The Commission queried [23] the Applicant with regards to the seasonal patterns in the supply mix of peat and wood during a year, more precisely whether customers had to use de facto only peat or only wood.
V skladu z zahtevkom [27] je na voljo veliko goriv, ki so alternativa šoti.
The Applicant explained [24] that the consumption of peat is the highest from January to March, while in the summer the consumption is low as the fuel is not needed for heating.
Na severu in vzhodu Finske so lesna goriva brez težav dosegljiva, na južnih in zahodnih območjih pa bi bilo zaradi razpoložljivosti domačih lesnih goriv povečanje uporabe lesnih sekancev v prihodnosti lahko omejeno [28].
The Applicant used as example the situation of 2015 when temperatures were very low [25] and district heating plants used more peat and oil instead of wood.
Alternativna goriva, ki se uporabljajo, so premog (v obalnih regijah), les, uvožen iz Rusije, in plin (kjer potekajo plinovodi).
However, the volumes replaced were marginal in the overall consumption.
Čeprav lahko povpraševanje presega ponudbo lesa, je to le začasno [29].
Wood fuel availability
Finski organ za konkurenco in potrošnike je navedel: „Danes so trgi za gozdne sekance in stranske proizvode gozdarske industrije postali bolj tržno usmerjeni in so okrepili svoj položaj v primerjavi s šoto“ [30].
As regards shortages of wood, the Applicant argues that the current situation is completely different from the one at the time of the previous NCA decisions, as the operators invested in wood harvesting machinery which led to a substantial increase of the market for wood [26].
Glede na javno razpoložljive podatke [31] je iz časovne vrste o energetskih virih za proizvodnjo električne energije razvidno nenehno povečevanje glede porabe lesnih goriv in zmanjševanje glede šote, zlasti od leta 2010.
According to the Request [27] the availability of alternative fuels to peat is good.
Določanje cene goriva
In the north and the east of Finland wood fuels are readily available, while in the southern and western areas the availability of domestic wood fuels may limit the increase of the use of wood chips in the future [28].
Finska ima koristi od shem pomoči za tekoče poslovanje [32] za elektrarne na gozdne sekance, katerih cilj je povečati proizvodnjo energije iz obnovljivih virov s spodbujanjem zamenjave goriva s šote na biomaso.
The alternative fuels used are coal (on the coastal regions), wood imported from Russia and gas (where gas pipelines are located).
Cilj EU do leta 2020 za energijo iz obnovljivih virov za Finsko je 38 %.
Although demand may exceed supply of wood, this is only on a temporary basis [29].
Delež energije iz obnovljivih virov v bruto končni porabi energije na Finskem se je z 28,5 % leta 2005 povečal na 36,8 % leta 2013 [33].
Finnish NCA indicated that ‘Today the markets for both forest chips and by-products of the forest industry have become more commercialised and have strengthened their position in comparison with peat.’ [30]
Vložnik potrjuje [34], da so vsi njegovi najpomembnejši odjemalci upravičeni do navedene pomoči.
According to the data publicly available [31], the time series on energy sources for electricity generation show a steady increase in respect of wood fuel consumption and a decrease in respect of peat, in particular from 2010 onwards.
Na Finskem se davki na energijo pobirajo za električno energijo, premog, zemeljski plin, kurilno šoto, talovo olje in tekoča goriva.
Fuel pricing
V skladu z najnovejšo zakonodajo [36] se je novi davek na kurilno šoto s 3,40 EUR/MWh znižal na 1,90 EUR/MWh.
Finland benefits from operating aid schemes [32] for forest-chip-fired power plants, which aim to increase renewable energy generation by incentivising a fuel switch from peat to biomass.
Ta novi davek je prav tako začel veljati 1. marca 2016.
The share of energy from renewable sources in the gross final consumption of energy in Finland increased from 28,5 % in 2005 to 36,8 % in 2013 [33].
Ob sprejetju prejšnjega sklepa organa za konkurenco in potrošnike [37] davek na emisije še ni veljal.
The Applicant confirms [34] that all of its main customers are eligible for the abovementioned aid.
Uvedba tega davka je bila spodbuda za velike naložbe v nove obrate na več goriv ter predelavo starih obratov, tako da lahko uporabljajo les in druga fosilna goriva.
The amendment of the aid level imposed by the Government [35] came into force on 1 March 2016.
Vložnik trdi [38], da je ob upoštevanju vseh davkov na šoto in pomoči za les iz primerjave stroškov, ki jih ima odjemalec za kurilno šoto (vključno z davkom na šoto in stroški za pravice do emisij CO2), s stroški za lesno gorivo razvidno, da so stroški lesnih goriv in kurilne šote za odjemalca primerljivi, pri čemer je les še vedno cenejši od šote.
According to this act, the maximum subsidy level of the electricity produced by forest chips was increased from EUR 15,90 per MWh to EUR 18 per MWh.
Finski organi so potrdili [39], da so med anketo, izvedeno med odjemalci in konkurenti družbe Vapo, „številni udeleženci ankete navedli, da so v praksi za odjemalce končni stroški za šoto in les trenutno enaki zaradi veljavnih stopenj pomoči, davka in pravic do emisije“.
In Finland, energy taxes are levied on electricity, coal, natural gas, fuel peat, tall oil and liquid fuels.
Dolgoročne pogodbe
According to the latest legislation [36], the new tax on fuel peat is EUR 1,90 per MWh, decreasing from 3,40 EUR per MWh.
Ob sprejetju prejšnjih sklepov organa za konkurenco in potrošnike je vladalo pomanjkanje zalog šote, lesna goriva pa niso bila alternativa v tolikšnem obsegu kot danes.
This new tax came into force on 1 March 2016 as well.
Odjemalci so bili pripravljeni sklepati dolgoročne pogodbe, da bi si zagotovili ustrezne količine zalog.
The use of peat and other fossil fuels, as opposed to the use of wood, in the energy sector is subject to the CO2 emission tax.
Družba Vapo zdaj deluje na podlagi okvirnih pogodb z odjemalci.
At the time of the previous NCA decision [37], the emission tax was not in force.
Te okvirne pogodbe običajno veljajo več kot eno leto, cene in količine zalog pa se dogovorijo enkrat letno ali za krajše obdobje, odvisno od položaja na trgu.
The introduction of this tax prompted large investments in new multi-fuel plants and in the conversion of old plants in such a way that they can use both wood and other fossil fuels.
Družba Vapo nima izključnih pogodb o distribuciji in vsi njeni odjemalci lahko šoto naročajo pri drugih proizvajalcih.
The Applicant argues [38] that considering all taxes for peat and aid for wood, the comparison of peat fuel cost to customer (including peat tax and CO2 emission rights cost) and wood fuel cost, shows that both wood fuels and peat fuel have comparable costs to the customer, with wood still cheaper than peat.
Tako odjemalci kljub obstoječim okvirnim pogodbam niso dolgoročno zavezani za nabavo pri družbi Vapo.
The Finnish authorities confirmed [39], that, in the course of the survey carried out among Vapo's customers and competitors ‘many respondents mentioned that, in practice, the final cost to the customers is currently the same for peat and wood, due to the levels of aid, tax and emission allowances in force’.
Ob upoštevanju sedanjega položaja na trgu za šoto in les, kot je opisan v uvodnih izjavah 27 do 50, in sedanje sheme državne pomoči za les se zdi, da na kurilno šoto precejšen konkurenčni pritisk izvajajo med drugim lesna goriva.
Long-term contracts
Komisija glede na navedeno za oceno pogojev iz člena 34 Direktive 2014/25/EU in brez poseganja v konkurenčno pravo ali uporabo katerega koli drugega prava EU meni, da si kurilna šota in lesna goriva (gozdni sekanci in stranski proizvodi gozdarske industrije) trenutno medsebojno konkurirajo.
At the time of the previous NCA decisions, there were shortages of peat supplies and wood fuel was not an alternative to such a degree than it is today.
Upoštevni geografski trg