natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Ammonia-Hydrogen Exchange Towers
navadno prihaja v neposredni stik s proizvodnjo jedrskih snovi ali pa jih neposredno krmili;
Ammonia-hydrogen exchange towers greater than or equal to 35 m (114,3 ft) in height with diameters of 1,5 m (4,9 ft) to 2,5 m (8,2 ft) capable of operating at pressures greater than 15 MPa (2225 psi) especially designed or prepared for heavy water production utilizing the ammonia-hydrogen exchange process.
nepredušno zatesni jedrske snovi v oblogo (srajčko);
These towers also have at least one flanged, axial opening of the same diameter as the cylindrical part through which the tower internals can be inserted or withdrawn.
preverja integriteto oblog (srajčk) zvara;
Tower internals, including stage contactors, and stage pumps, including those which are submersible, for heavy water production utilizing the ammonia-hydrogen exchange process;
preverja končno stanje zatesnjenega goriva ali
Tower Internals and Stage Pumps
se uporablja za sestavljanje elementov reaktorja.
Tower internals and stage pumps especially designed or prepared for towers for heavy water production utilizing the ammonia-hydrogen exchange process.
Obrati za proizvodnjo gorivnih elementov jedrskega reaktorja in oprema, ki je posebej konstruirana ali izdelana v ta namen
Tower internals include especially designed stage contactors which promote intimate gas/liquid contact.
UVODNA OPOMBA Gorivni elementi se izdelujejo iz enega ali več osnovnih ali posebnih cepljivih materialov, navedenih pod MATERIAL IN OPREMA te priloge.
Stage pumps include especially designed submersible pumps for circulation of liquid ammonia within a contacting stage internal to the stage towers.
Za oksidna goriva, ki so najobičajnejša vrsta goriva, se uporabi oprema za stiskanje tabletk, sintranje, brušenje in poliranje.
Ammonia crackers with operating pressures greater than or equal to 3 MPa for heavy water production utilizing the ammonia-hydrogen exchange process;
Z mešanimi oksidnimi gorivi se manipulira v komorah z rokavicami (ali podobnem zaprtem prostoru), dokler niso zatesnjena v oblogo.
Ammonia Crackers
Gorivo je vedno hermetično zatesnjeno v ustrezno oblogo, konstruirano kot primarna ovojnica, ki obdaja gorivo, da se zagotovita ustrezna učinkovitost in varnost med obratovanjem reaktorja.
Ammonia crackers with operating pressures greater than or equal to 3 MPa (450 psi) especially designed or prepared for heavy water production utilizing the ammoniahydrogen exchange process.
Predvidljiva in zajamčena učinkovitost goriva vedno terja tudi natančno nadzorovanje procesov, postopkov in opreme po izjemno visokih standardih.
Infrared absorption analysers capable of on-line hydrogen/deuterium ratio analysis where deuterium concentrations are equal to or greater than 90 %;
POJASNJEVALNA OPOMBA Deli opreme, za katere se šteje, da so zajeti v besedno zvezo „oprema, ki je posebej konstruirana ali izdelana“ za proizvodnjo gorivnih elementov, vključujejo opremo, ki: (a) običajno pride v neposredni stik z jedrskim materialom v proizvodnji ali ga neposredno predeluje ali preverja proizvodnjo jedrskega materiala; (b) nepredušno zatesni jedrski material v oblogo; (c) preverja integriteto oblog (srajčk) zvara; (d) preverja končno stanje zatesnjenega goriva ali (e) se uporablja za sestavljanje gorivnih elementov reaktorja.
Infrared Absorption Analyzers
Takšna oprema ali njeni sistemi lahko denimo vključujejo: 1) popolnoma avtomatske postaje za inšpekcijske preglede tabletk, posebej konstruirane ali izdelane za preverjanje končnih dimenzij in napak na površini gorivnih tabletk; 2) avtomatske stroje za varjenje, posebej konstruirane ali izdelane za spojitev končnih kap na gorivne palice; 3) avtomatske testne in inšpekcijske postaje, posebej konstruirane ali izdelane za preverjanje integritete dokončanih gorivnih palic; 4) sisteme, posebej konstruirane ali izdelane za proizvodnjo zaščitne obloge za reaktorsko gorivo.
Infrared absorption analyzers capable of “on-line” hydrogen/deuterium ratio analysis where deuterium concentrations are equal to or greater than 90 %.
Točka 3 običajno vključuje opremo za: a) rentgensko preiskavo zvarov na končnih kapah palic, b) odkrivanje uhajanja helija iz palic pod pritiskom in c) skeniranje palic z žarki gama, da se preveri, ali so gorivne tabletke v notranjosti pravilno naložene.
Catalytic burners for the conversion of enriched deuterium gas into heavy water utilizing the ammonia-hydrogen exchange process;
Obrat za predelavo obsevanih gorivnih elementov iz „jedrskih reaktorjev“ in posebej konstruirana ali izdelana oprema zanj.
Catalytic Burners
Točka 0B006 vključuje:
Catalytic burners for the conversion of enriched deuterium gas into heavy water especially designed or prepared for heavy water production utilizing the ammoniahydrogen exchange process.
obrat za predelavo obsevanih gorivnih elementov iz „jedrskih reaktorjev“, vključno z opremo, pa tudi sestavnimi deli, ki navadno pridejo v neposredni stik z obsevanim gorivom, večjo količino jedrskega materiala in cepitvenimi produkti in jih neposredno krmilijo;
Complete heavy water upgrade systems, or columns therefor, for the upgrade of heavy water to reactor-grade deuterium concentration;
Obrati za predelavo obsevanih gorivnih elementov in oprema, ki je posebej konstruirana ali izdelana v ta namen
Complete heavy water upgrade systems or columns therefor
Pri predelavi obsevanega jedrskega goriva se plutonij in uran ločita od močno radioaktivnih cepitvenih produktov in drugih transuranov.
Complete heavy water upgrade systems, or columns therefor, especially designed or prepared for the upgrade of heavy water to reactor-grade deuterium concentration.
Za to ločevanje je mogoče uporabiti različne tehnične procese.
EXPLANATORY NOTE These systems, which usually employ water distillation to separate heavy water from light water, are especially designed or prepared to produce reactor-grade heavy water (i.e., typically 99,75 % deuterium oxide) from heavy water feedstock of lesser concentration.
Vendar je z leti postal najbolj uporaben in sprejemljiv proces Purex.
Ammonia synthesis converters or synthesis units specially designed or prepared for heavy water production utilizing the ammonia-hydrogen exchange process
Pri Purexu se v dušikovi kislini raztopi obsevano jedrsko gorivo, čemur sledi ločevanje urana, plutonija in cepitvenih produktov s solventno ekstrakcijo, za katero se uporablja mešanica tributilfosfata v organski raztopini.
Ammonia synthesis converters or synthesis units
V objektih za Purex potekajo postopki, ki so si med sabo podobni, denimo: rezanje obsevanih gorivnih elementov, raztapljanje goriva, solventna ekstrakcija in shranjevanje procesnih raztopin.
Ammonia synthesis converters or synthesis units especially designed or prepared for heavy water production utilizing the ammonia-hydrogen exchange process.
Lahko so opremljeni tudi za termalno denitracijo uranovega nitrata, pretvorbo plutonijevega nitrata v oksid ali kovino in za obdelavo odpadnih tekočin cepitvenih produktov v obliko, primerno za dolgoročno shranjevanje ali odlaganje.
EXPLANATORY NOTE These converters or units take synthesis gas (nitrogen and hydrogen) from an ammonia/hydrogen high-pressure exchange column (or columns), and the synthesized ammonia is returned to the exchange column (or columns).
Vendar se lahko v objektih za Purex značilna vrsta in konfiguracija opreme za izvajanje navedenih postopkov razlikujeta iz več razlogov, na primer zaradi vrste in količine obsevanega jedrskega goriva za predelavo in zaradi predvidene uporabe pridobljenega materiala ter varnosti in vzdrževanja, upoštevanih pri projektiranju objekta.
Plant specially designed for the fabrication of “nuclear reactor” fuel elements and specially designed or prepared equipment therefor.
„Obrat za predelavo obsevanih gorivnih elementov“ vključuje opremo in sestavne dele, ki običajno pridejo v neposredni stik s procesnim tokom obsevanega goriva in glavnim tokom jedrskega materiala in cepitvenih produktov in jih neposredno krmilijo.
Specially designed or prepared equipment for the fabrication of “nuclear reactor” fuel elements includes equipment which:
Ti procesi, vključno s celovitim sistemom za pretvorbo plutonija in za izdelavo plutonijeve kovine, se lahko prepoznajo po ukrepih za preprečevanje kritičnosti (npr. z geometrijo), izpostavljenosti sevanju (npr. s ščitenjem) in za preprečevanje nevarnosti zastrupitve (npr. z osamitvijo).
Normally comes into direct contact with or directly processes or controls the production flow of nuclear materials;
stroje za sekanje ali drobljenje gorivnih elementov, ki so daljinsko upravljani in so namenjeni za rezanje ali sekanje obsevanih gorivnih elementov, svežnjev ali palic iz „jedrskih reaktorjev“;
Seals the nuclear materials within the cladding;
Stroji za rezanje obsevanih gorivnih elementov
Checks the integrity of the cladding or the seal;
Daljinsko upravljana oprema, ki je posebej konstruirana ali izdelana za uporabo v obratih za predelavo obsevanega jedrskega goriva in se uporablja za rezanje, sekanje ali striženje obsevanih gorivnih svežnjev, snopov ali palic.
Checks the finish treatment of the sealed fuel; or
POJASNJEVALNA OPOMBA Ta oprema prebije oblogo goriva in tako izpostavi obsevani jedrski material raztopitvi.
Is used for assembling reactor elements.
Najpogosteje se uporabljajo posebej zasnovane kovinske rezalne škarje, čeprav se lahko uporablja tudi sodobnejša oprema, kot so laserji.
Plants for the fabrication of nuclear reactor fuel elements, and equipment especially designed or prepared therefor
kritično varne posode za raztapljanje (npr. posode majhnega premera, okrogle ali ploščaste oblike), posebej konstruirane ali izdelane za raztapljanje obsevanega goriva iz „jedrskih reaktorjev“, ki so odporne proti vročim, močno korozivnim tekočinam in omogočajo polnjenje in vzdrževanje na daljavo;
INTRODUCTORY NOTE Nuclear fuel elements are manufactured from one or more of the source or special fissionable materials mentioned in MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENT of this annex.
Posode za raztapljanje
For oxide fuels, the most common type of fuel, equipment for pressing pellets, sintering, grinding and grading will be present.
Kritično varne posode (npr. posode majhnega premera, obročaste ali ploščate oblike), ki so posebej konstruirane ali izdelane za uporabo v obratih za predelavo obsevanega jedrskega goriva, se uporabljajo za raztapljanje tega goriva in so odporne proti vročim, močno korozivnim tekočinam ter omogočajo daljinsko upravljano polnjenje in vzdrževanje.
Mixed oxide fuels are handled in glove boxes (or equivalent containment) until they are sealed in the cladding.
POJASNJEVALNA OPOMBA V posode za raztapljanje se običajno daje razsekano izrabljeno gorivo.
In all cases, the fuel is hermetically sealed inside a suitable cladding which is designed to be the primary envelope encasing the fuel so as to provide suitable performance and safety during reactor operation.
V teh kritično varnih posodah se obsevano jedrsko gorivo raztopi v dušikovi kislini in se preostale komore odstranijo iz postopka.
Also, in all cases, precise control of processes, procedures and equipment to extremely high standards is necessary in order to ensure predictable and safe fuel performance.
solventne ekstraktorje, kot so polnjene ali pulzne kolone, mešalci-vsedalniki ali centrifugalni kontraktorji, odporni proti koroziji z dušikovo kislino in posebej izdelani ali pripravljeni za uporabo v obratih za predelavo obsevanega „naravnega urana“, „osiromašenega urana“ ali „posebnih cepljivih materialov“;
EXPLANATORY NOTE Items of equipment that are considered to fall within the meaning of the phrase “and equipment especially designed or prepared” for the fabrication of fuel elements include equipment which: (a) normally comes in direct contact with, or directly processes, or controls, the production flow of nuclear material; (b) seals the nuclear material within the cladding; (c) checks the integrity of the cladding or the seal; (d) checks the finish treatment of the sealed fuel; or (e) is used for assembling reactor fuel elements.
Solventni ekstraktorji in oprema zanje
Such equipment or systems of equipment may include, for example: 1) fully automatic pellet inspection stations especially designed or prepared for checking final dimensions and surface defects of the fuel pellets; 2) automatic welding machines especially designed or prepared for welding end caps onto the fuel pins (or rods); 3) automatic test and inspection stations especially designed or prepared for checking the integrity of completed fuel pins (or rods); 4) systems especially designed or prepared to manufacture nuclear fuel cladding.
Posebej konstruirani ali izdelani solventni ekstraktorji, na primer polnjene ali pulzne kolone, mešalni usedalniki ali centrifugalni kontaktorji, ki se uporabljajo v obratih za predelavo obsevanega goriva.
Item 3 typically includes equipment for: a) x-ray examination of pin (or rod) end cap welds, b) helium leak detection from pressurized pins (or rods), and c) gamma-ray scanning of the pins (or rods) to check for correct loading of the fuel pellets inside.
Solventni ekstraktorji morajo biti odporni proti koroziji z dušikovo kislino.
Plant for the reprocessing of irradiated “nuclear reactor” fuel elements, and specially designed or prepared equipment and components therefor.
Običajno so narejeni po izjemno visokih standardih (vključno s posebnim tehnikami varjenja, inšpekcijskimi pregledi ter tehnikami kontrole in zagotavljanja kakovosti) iz nizkoogljičnega nerjavnega jekla, titana, cirkonija ali drugih visokokakovostnih materialov.
0B006 includes:
POJASNJEVALNA OPOMBA V solventnem ekstraktorju sta raztopina obsevanega goriva iz posod za raztapljanje in organska raztopina, s katero se ločujejo uran, plutonij in produkti cepitve.
Plant for the reprocessing of irradiated “nuclear reactor” fuel elements including equipment and components which normally come into direct contact with and directly control the irradiated fuel and the major nuclear material and fission product processing streams;
Oprema za solventno ekstrakcijo je običajno zasnovana tako, da ustreza strogim obratovalnim parametrom, kot so dolga obratovalna življenjska doba brez zahtev po vzdrževanju ali z možnostjo enostavne zamenjave, enostavnost delovanja in nadzora ter prilagodljivost različnim razmeram, v katerih poteka postopek.
Plants for the reprocessing of irradiated fuel elements, and equipment especially designed or prepared therefor
posode za shranjevanje kemikalij, ki so varne pred kritičnostjo in so odporne proti koroziji z dušikovo kislino.
Reprocessing irradiated nuclear fuel separates plutonium and uranium from intensely radioactive fission products and other transuranic elements.
Posode za shranjevanje imajo lahko naslednje lastnosti:
Different technical processes can accomplish this separation.
stene ali notranje dele z najmanj dvema odstotkoma borovega ekvivalenta (računano na vse sestavne elemente, kot so opredeljeni v opombi k točki 0C004);
However, over the years Purex has become the most commonly used and accepted process.
največji premer 175 mm za valjaste oblike ali
Purex involves the dissolution of irradiated nuclear fuel in nitric acid, followed by separation of the uranium, plutonium, and fission products by solvent extraction using a mixture of tributyl phosphate in an organic diluent.
največjo širino 75 mm za ploščate ali okrogle oblike.
Purex facilities have process functions similar to each other, including: irradiated fuel element chopping, fuel dissolution, solvent extraction, and process liquor storage.
Posode za zadrževanje ali shranjevanje kemikalij
There may also be equipment for thermal denitration of uranium nitrate, conversion of plutonium nitrate to oxide or metal, and treatment of fission product waste liquor to a form suitable for long term storage or disposal.
Posebej konstruirane ali izdelane zadrževalne ali shranjevalne posode, ki se uporabljajo v obratih za predelavo obsevanega goriva.
However, the specific type and configuration of the equipment performing these functions may differ between Purex facilities for several reasons, including the type and quantity of irradiated nuclear fuel to be reprocessed and the intended disposition of the recovered materials, and the safety and maintenance philosophy incorporated into the design of the facility.
Zadrževalne ali shranjevalne posode morajo biti odporne proti koroziji z dušikovo kislino.
A “plant for the reprocessing of irradiated fuel elements”, includes the equipment and components which normally come in direct contact with and directly control the irradiated fuel and the major nuclear material and fission product processing streams.
Zadrževalne ali shranjevalne posode so običajno narejene iz nizkoogljičnega nerjavnega jekla, titana ali cirkonija ali drugih visokokakovostnih materialov.
These processes, including the complete systems for plutonium conversion and plutonium metal production, may be identified by the measures taken to avoid criticality (e.g. by geometry), radiation exposure (e.g. by shielding), and toxicity hazards (e.g. by containment).
Opremljene so lahko z daljinskim upravljanjem in vzdrževanjem ter lahko imajo naslednje lastnosti za nadzor jedrske kritičnosti:
Fuel element chopping or shredding machines, i.e. remotely operated equipment to cut, chop or shear irradiated “nuclear reactor” fuel assemblies, bundles or rods;
stene ali notranji deli, izdelani iz materialov, ki vsebujejo najmanj 2 % ekvivalenta bora, ali
Irradiated fuel element chopping machines
največji premer 175 mm (7 palcev) za valjaste oblike ali
Remotely operated equipment especially designed or prepared for use in a reprocessing plant as identified above and intended to cut, chop or shear irradiated nuclear fuel assemblies, bundles or rods.
največjo širino 75 mm (3 palci) za ploščate ali okrogle oblike.
EXPLANATORY NOTE This equipment breaches the cladding of the fuel to expose the irradiated nuclear material to dissolution.
POJASNJEVALNA OPOMBA Rezultat faze s solventno ekstrakcijo so trije glavni tokovi procesne tekočine.
Especially designed metal cutting shears are the most commonly employed, although advanced equipment, such as lasers, may be used.
Pri nadaljnji obdelavi vseh treh tokov se uporabljajo zadrževalne ali shranjevalne posode, in sicer:
Dissolvers, critically safe tanks (e.g. small diameter, annular or slab tanks) specially designed or prepared for the dissolution of irradiated “nuclear reactor” fuel, which are capable of withstanding hot, highly corrosive liquids, and which can be remotely loaded and maintained;
raztopina čistega uranovega nitrata se koncentrira s pomočjo uparjanja in prenese v postopek denitracije, kjer se pretvori v uranov oksid.
Dissolvers
Ta oksid se ponovno uporabi v jedrskem gorivnem ciklu.
Critically safe tanks (e.g. small diameter, annular or slab tanks) especially designed or prepared for use in a reprocessing plant as identified above, intended for dissolution of irradiated nuclear fuel and which are capable of withstanding hot, highly corrosive liquid, and which can be remotely loaded and maintained.
Raztopina intenzivno radioaktivnih produktov cepitve se običajno koncentrira z uparjanjem in shranjuje kot koncentrat procesne tekočine.
EXPLANATORY NOTE Dissolvers normally receive the chopped-up spent fuel.
Ta koncentrat se lahko kasneje uparja in pretvori v obliko, ki je primerna za shranjevanje ali odstranjevanje.
In these critically safe vessels, the irradiated nuclear material is dissolved in nitric acid and the remaining hulls removed from the process stream.
Raztopina čistega plutonijevega nitrata se koncentrira in shrani, dokler ne gre v nadaljnji postopek.
Solvent extractors, such as packed or pulsed columns, mixer settlers or centrifugal contractors, resistant to the corrosive effects of nitric acid and specially designed or prepared for use in a plant for the reprocessing of irradiated “natural uranium”, “depleted uranium” or “special fissile materials”;
Zlasti pa so posode za zadrževanje ali shranjevanje plutonijevih raztopin zasnovane tako, da ne pride do kritičnosti, ki lahko nastane zaradi sprememb koncentracije in oblike tega toka.
Solvent extractors and solvent extraction equipment
sisteme za merjenje nevtronov, posebej izdelane ali pripravljene za vgradnjo v avtomatizirane sisteme za nadzorovanje procesov in uporabo v njih v obratu za predelavo obsevanega „naravnega urana“, „osiromašenega urana“ ali „posebnih cepljivih materialov“.
Especially designed or prepared solvent extractors such as packed or pulse columns, mixer settlers or centrifugal contactors for use in a plant for the reprocessing of irradiated fuel.
Sistemi za merjenje nevtronov z namenom nadzorovanja procesov
Solvent extractors must be resistant to the corrosive effect of nitric acid.
Sistemi za merjenje nevtronov, ki so posebej izdelani ali pripravljeni za vgradnjo v avtomatizirane sisteme za nadzorovanje procesov in uporabo v njih v obratu za predelavo obsevanih gorivnih elementov.
Solvent extractors are normally fabricated to extremely high standards (including special welding and inspection and quality assurance and quality control techniques) out of low carbon stainless steels, titanium, zirconium, or other high quality materials.
POJASNJEVALNA OPOMBA Pri teh sistemih sta možna aktivno in pasivno merjenje in razločevanje nevtronov, da se določita količina in sestava cepljivega materiala.
EXPLANATORY NOTE Solvent extractors both receive the solution of irradiated fuel from the dissolvers and the organic solution which separates the uranium, plutonium, and fission products.
Celotni sistem sestavljajo nevtronski generator, detektor nevtronov, pospeševalniki in signalna-procesna elektronika.
Solvent extraction equipment is normally designed to meet strict operating parameters, such as long operating lifetimes with no maintenance requirements or adaptability to easy replacement, simplicity of operation and control, and flexibility for variations in process conditions.
Ta točka ne vključuje instrumentov za detekcijo nevtronov in merilnih instrumentov, ki so posebej konstruirani za vodenje evidenc in nadzorovanje jedrskega materiala ali katero koli drugo uporabo, ki ni povezana z vgradnjo v avtomatizirane sisteme za nadzorovanje procesov in uporabo v njih v obratu za predelavo obsevanih gorivnih elementov.
Holding or storage vessels specially designed to be critically safe and resistant to the corrosive effects of nitric acid;
Obrat za pretvorbo plutonija in pripadajoča oprema, ki je posebej izdelana ali pripravljena v ta namen:
Holding or storage vessels may have the following features:
Posebej konstruirani ali izdelani sistemi za pretvorbo plutonijevega nitrata v oksid
Walls or internal structures with a boron equivalent (calculated for all constituent elements as defined in the note to 0C004) of at least two per cent;
a. sistemi za pretvorbo plutonijevega nitrata v plutonijev oksid;
A maximum diameter of 175 mm for cylindrical vessels; or
POJASNJEVALNA OPOMBA Glavne funkcije tega postopka so: skladiščenje in prilagajanje dovajanega procesnega materiala, obarjanje in ločevanje na trdno snov in tekočino, kalciniranje, ravnanje s produkti, prezračevanje, ravnanje z odpadki in nadziranje postopka.
A maximum width of 75 mm for either a slab or annular vessel.
Sistemi za ta postopek so posebej prirejeni, da preprečijo jedrsko kritičnost in učinke sevanja ter kar najbolj zmanjšajo nevarnost zastrupitve.
Chemical holding or storage vessels
V večini predelovalnih obratov ta postopek obsega pretvorbo plutonijevega nitrata v plutonijev dioksid.
Especially designed or prepared holding or storage vessels for use in a plant for the reprocessing of irradiated fuel.
Drugi postopki lahko zajemajo obarjanje plutonijevega oksalata ali plutonijevega peroksida.
The holding or storage vessels must be resistant to the corrosive effect of nitric acid.
b. sistemi za pridobivanje kovinskega plutonija.
The holding or storage vessels are normally fabricated of materials such as low carbon stainless steels, titanium or zirconium, or other high quality materials.
Sistemi, posebej konstruirani ali izdelani za proizvodnjo kovinskega plutonija