natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
In order to avoid inbreeding and to preserve the genetic diversity in rare breed populations, regular exchange of such animals between Member States is necessary.
Zato bi bilo treba določiti posebne pogoje za trgovino znotraj Unije z ovcami in kozami redkih pasem.
Specific conditions for intra-Union trade in ovine and caprine animals of rare breeds should therefore be laid down.
Navedeni posebni pogoji bi morali omogočiti trgovino znotraj Unije z ovcami ali kozami redkih pasem, ki ne izpolnjujejo zahtev iz točke 4.1 oddelka A poglavja A Priloge VIII k Uredbi (ES) št. 999/2001.
Those specific conditions should allow intra-Union trade in ovine or caprine animals of rare breeds which do not comply with the requirements of point 4.1 of Section A of Chapter A of Annex VIII to Regulation (EC) No 999/2001.
Izraz „redke pasme“ v zakonodaji Unije ni izrecno opredeljen.
The term ‘rare breed’ is not specifically defined in the Union legislation.
Vendar so v členu 7(2) in (3) Delegirane uredbe Komisije (EU) št. 807/2014 [9] določeni pogoji, pod katerimi se lahko uvedejo obveznosti kmetijsko-okoljsko-podnebnega ukrepa za rejo lokalnih pasem, ki jim grozi prenehanje reje.
However, Article 7(2) and (3) of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 807/2014 [9] establish the conditions under which commitments under the agri-environment-climate measure to rear local breeds in danger of being lost to farming can be made.
Navedeni pogoji zlasti zahtevajo, da ustrezen uradno priznan tehnični organ vodi in posodablja vzrejno rodovniško ali rejsko knjigo.
Those conditions notably require that a duly recognised relevant technical body registers and keeps up-to-date the herd or flock book for the breed.
V skladu z Direktivo Sveta 89/361/EGS [10] mora biti tak tehnični organ rejska organizacija ali združenje, uradno odobreno s strani države članice, v kateri je bilo ustanovljeno, ali uradni organ zadevne države članice.
In accordance with Council Directive 89/361/EEC [10], such a technical body is to be a breeders' organisation or association officially approved by the Member State in which that breeders' organisation or association is established, or an official agency of the Member State in question.
Zato bi bilo treba za namene Uredbe (ES) št. 999/2001 lokalne pasme, ki jim grozi prenehanje reje, opredeliti kot tiste pasme ovac in koz, ki izpolnjujejo pogoje iz člena 7(2) in (3) Delegirane uredbe (EU) št. 807/2014 in ki so vključene v program ohranjanja, ki ga izvaja rejska organizacija ali združenje, uradno odobreno v skladu z Direktivo 89/361/EGS, ali uradni organ zadevne države članice.
Therefore, for the purpose of Regulation (EC) No 999/2001, local breeds in danger of being lost to farming should be defined as those sheep and goat breeds that fulfil the conditions of Article 7(2) and (3) of Delegated Regulation (EU) No 807/2014, and which are subject to a preservation programme carried out by a breeders' organisation or association approved in accordance with Directive 89/361/EEC or by an official agency of the Member State in question.
Oddelek B poglavja C Priloge IX k Uredbi (ES) št. 999/2001 bi bilo treba spremeniti, da se dovoli uvoz v Unijo proizvodov govejega, ovčjega ali kozjega izvora iz tretjih držav z zanemarljivim tveganjem za BSE, tudi kadar so ti proizvodi pridobljeni iz surovin, ki deloma ali v celoti prihajajo iz držav z nadzorovanim ali nejasnim tveganjem za BSE, pod pogojem da so bile iz navedenih surovin, ki izvirajo iz držav z nadzorovanim ali nejasnim tveganjem za BSE, odstranjene snovi s specifičnim tveganjem.
Section B of Chapter C of Annex IX to Regulation (EC) No 999/2001 should be amended so as to allow the import into the Union of products of bovine, ovine or caprine origin from third countries with a negligible BSE risk also when these products are derived from raw materials coming, in part or in total, from countries with controlled or undetermined BSE risk, provided that specified risk material has been removed from those raw materials originating from countries with controlled or undetermined BSE risk.
Priloge II, III, V, VII, VIII in IX k Uredbi (ES) št. 999/2001 bi bilo zato treba ustrezno spremeniti.
Annexes II, III, V, VII, VIII and IX to Regulation (EC) No 999/2001 should therefore be amended accordingly.
Ukrepi iz te uredbe so v skladu z mnenjem Stalnega odbora za rastline, živali, hrano in krmo –
Article 1
Priloge II, III, V, VII, VIII in IX k Uredbi (ES) št. 999/2001 se spremenijo v skladu s Prilogo k tej uredbi.
Annexes II, III, V, VII, VIII and IX to Regulation (EC) No 999/2001 are amended in accordance with the Annex to this Regulation.
Člen 2
This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
Spremembe Priloge IX k Uredbi (ES) št. 999/2001 iz točke 6 Priloge k tej uredbi se uporabljajo od 1. julija 2017.
The amendments made to Annex IX to Regulation (EC) No 999/2001 by point 6 of the Annex to this Regulation shall apply from 1 July 2017.
Ta uredba je v celoti zavezujoča in se neposredno uporablja v vseh državah članicah.
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
V Bruslju, 18. avgusta 2016
Done at Brussels, 18 August 2016.
Za Komisijo
OJ L 147, 31.5.2001, p. 1.
Direktiva Sveta 64/433/EGS z dne 26. junija 1964 o zdravstvenih težavah, ki vplivajo na trgovanje s svežim mesom znotraj Skupnosti (UL 121, 29.7.1964, str. 2012).
Council Directive 64/433/EEC of 26 June 1964 on health conditions for the production and marketing of fresh meat (OJ 121, 29.7.1964, p. 2012).
Uredba (ES) št. 1774/2002 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 3. oktobra 2002 o določitvi zdravstvenih pravil za živalske stranske proizvode, ki niso namenjeni prehrani ljudi (UL L 273, 10.10.2002, str. 1).
Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 October 2002 laying down health rules concerning animal by-products not intended for human consumption (OJ L 273, 10.10.2002, p. 1).
Uredba Komisije (ES) št. 1974/2006 z dne 15. decembra 2006 o podrobnih pravilih glede uporabe Uredbe Sveta (ES) št. 1698/2005 o podpori za razvoj podeželja iz Evropskega kmetijskega sklada za razvoj podeželja (EKSRP) (UL L 368, 23.12.2006, str. 15).
Commission Regulation (EC) No 1974/2006 of 15 December 2006 laying down detailed rules for the application of Council Regulation (EC) No 1698/2005 on support for rural development by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) (OJ L 368, 23.12.2006, p. 15).
Uredba Komisije (EU) 2015/1162 z dne 15. julija 2015 o spremembi Priloge V k Uredbi Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta (ES) št. 999/2001 o določitvi predpisov za preprečevanje, nadzor in izkoreninjenje nekaterih transmisivnih spongiformnih encefalopatij (UL L 188, 16.7.2015, str. 3).
Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/1162 of 15 July 2015 amending Annex V to Regulation (EC) No 999/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down rules for the prevention, control and eradication of certain transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (OJ L 188, 16.7.2015, p. 3).
Ocena vloge Švedske za priznanje statusa zanemarljivega tveganja za klasični praskavec (EFSA Journal 2015;13(11):4292) in ocena vloge Finske za priznanje statusa zanemarljivega tveganja za klasični praskavec (EFSA Journal 2015;13(11):4293).
‘Evaluation of the application of Sweden to be recognised as having a negligible risk of classical scrapie’ ( EFSA Journal 2015;13(11):4292) and ‘Evaluation of the application of Finland to be recognised as having a negligible risk of classical scrapie’ ( EFSA Journal 2015;13(11):4293).
Direktiva Sveta 92/65/EGS z dne 13. julija 1992 o zahtevah zdravstvenega varstva živali za trgovino in za uvoz v Skupnost živali, semena, jajčnih celic in zarodkov, za katere ne veljajo zahteve zdravstvenega varstva živali, določene v posebnih pravilih Skupnosti iz Priloge A(I) k Direktivi 90/425/EGS (UL L 268, 14.9.1992, str. 54).
Council Directive 92/65/EEC of 13 July 1992 laying down animal health requirements governing trade in and imports into the Community of animals, semen, ova and embryos not subject to animal health requirements laid down in specific Community rules referred to in Annex A (I) to Directive 90/425/EEC (OJ L 268, 14.9.1992, p. 54).
Delegirana uredba Komisije (EU) št. 807/2014 z dne 11. marca 2014 o dopolnitvi Uredbe (EU) št. 1305/2013 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta o podpori za razvoj podeželja iz Evropskega kmetijskega sklada za razvoj podeželja (EKSRP) in o uvedbi prehodnih določb (UL L 227, 31.7.2014, str. 1).
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 807/2014 of 11 March 2014 supplementing Regulation (EU) No 1305/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council on support for rural development by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) and introducing transitional provisions (OJ L 227, 31.7.2014, p. 1).
Direktiva Sveta 89/361/EGS z dne 30. maja 1989 o čistopasemskih plemenskih ovcah in kozah (UL L 153, 6.6.1989, str. 30).
Council Directive 89/361/EEC of 30 May 1989 concerning pure-bred breeding sheep and goats (OJ L 153, 6.6.1989, p. 30).
PRILOGA
ANNEX
Priloge II, III, V, VII, VIII in IX k Uredbi (ES) št. 999/2001 se spremenijo:
Annexes II, III, V, VII, VIII and IX to Regulation (EC) No 999/2001 are amended as follows:
v Prilogi II se prvi odstavek poglavja A nadomesti z naslednjim:
In Annex II, the first paragraph of Chapter A is replaced by the following:
„BSE-status držav članic ali tretjih držav ali njihovih regij (v nadaljnjem besedilu: držav ali regij) se določa na podlagi meril iz točk od (a) do (e).
‘The BSE status of Member States or third countries or regions thereof (hereinafter referred to as countries or regions), shall be determined on the basis of the criteria set out in points (a) to (e).
Za namene te priloge „BSE“ izključuje „atipično BSE“ kot stanje, ki naj bi se pri vseh populacijah goveda spontano pojavljalo v zelo majhnem obsegu.“;
For the purpose of this Annex, “BSE” excludes “atypical BSE” as a condition believed to occur spontaneously in all cattle populations at a very low rate.’
v Prilogi III se poglavje A spremeni:
In Annex III, Chapter A is amended as follows:
v delu I se točka 6 nadomesti z naslednjim:
In Part I, point 6 is replaced by the following:
Ukrepi po izvedenih preiskavah
Measures following testing
Če se pri živali, zaklani za prehrano ljudi, opravi preiskava na BSE, se trup navedene živali ne označi z oznako zdravstvene ustreznosti iz poglavja III oddelka I Priloge I k Uredbi (ES) št. 854/2004 do prejema negativnega rezultata hitrega testa.
Where an animal slaughtered for human consumption has been selected for testing for BSE, the health marking provided for in Chapter III of Section I of Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 854/2004 shall not be carried out on the carcase of that animal until a negative result to the rapid test has been obtained.
Države članice lahko odstopajo od točke 6.1, če je v klavnici vzpostavljen uradni sistem, ki zagotavlja, da noben del pregledanih živali, označen z oznako zdravstvene ustreznosti, ne zapusti klavnice do prejema negativnega rezultata hitrega testa.
Member States may derogate from point 6.1 where an official system is in place in the slaughterhouse ensuring that no parts of examined animals bearing the health mark leave the slaughterhouse until a negative result to the rapid test has been obtained.
Vsi deli telesa živali, ki se testira na BSE, vključno s kožo, se zadržijo pod uradnim nadzorom do prejema negativnega rezultata hitrega testa, razen če se odstranijo v skladu s členom 12(a) ali (b) Uredbe (ES) št. 1069/2009 ali če se njihove maščobe predelajo v skladu z Uredbo (EU) št. 142/2011 in uporabijo v skladu s členom 12(e) Uredbe (ES) št. 1069/2009 ali uporabijo za proizvodnjo pridobljenih proizvodov iz člena 36 navedene uredbe.
All parts of the body of an animal tested for BSE including the hide shall be retained under official control until a negative result to the rapid test has been obtained, unless they are disposed of in accordance with Article 12(a) or (b) of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009, or unless its fats are processed in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 142/2011 and used in accordance with Article 12(e) of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 or used for the manufacture of derived products referred to in Article 36 of that Regulation.
Vsi deli telesa živali, pri kateri je rezultat hitrega testa pozitiven ali ni dokončen, vključno s kožo, se odstranijo v skladu členom 12(a) ali (b) Uredbe (ES) št. 1069/2009, razen snovi, ki se zadržijo zaradi evidence iz dela III poglavja B te priloge, in razen maščob, pridobljenih iz takega telesa, če se te maščobe predelajo v skladu z Uredbo (EU) št. 142/2011 in uporabijo v skladu s členom 12(e) Uredbe (ES) št. 1069/2009 ali uporabijo za proizvodnjo pridobljenih proizvodov iz člena 36 navedene uredbe.
All parts of the body of an animal found positive or inconclusive to the rapid test including the hide shall be disposed of in accordance with Article 12(a) or (b) of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009, apart from material to be retained in conjunction with the records provided for in Chapter B, Part III of this Annex, and apart from the fats obtained from such a body, provided that these fats are processed in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 142/2011 and used in accordance with Article 12(e) of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 or used for the manufacture of derived products referred to in Article 36 of that Regulation.
Kadar je rezultat hitrega testa pri živali, zaklani za prehrano ljudi, pozitiven ali nedokončen, je treba v skladu s točko 6.4 poleg trupa živali s pozitivnim ali nedokončnim rezultatom testa na isti klavni liniji uničiti vsaj en trup neposredno pred in dva trupa neposredno za navedenim trupom.
Where an animal slaughtered for human consumption is found positive or inconclusive to the rapid test, at least the carcase immediately preceding and the two carcases immediately following the animal tested positive or inconclusive on the same slaughter line shall be destroyed in accordance with point 6.4.
Z odstopanjem od prvega odstavka te točke lahko države članice uničijo navedene trupe samo, če je pozitiven ali nedokončen rezultat hitrega testa potrjen po potrditvenih preiskavah iz točke 3.1(b) poglavja C Priloge X.
By way of derogation from the first paragraph of this point, Member States may decide to destroy the aforementioned carcases only if the result of the rapid test is confirmed to be positive or inconclusive by confirmatory examinations referred to in Annex X, Chapter C, point 3.1(b).
Države članice lahko odstopajo od določb točke 6.5, če je v klavnici vzpostavljen sistem za preprečevanje kontaminacije med trupi.“;
Member States may derogate from the provisions of point 6.5 where a system is in place in the slaughterhouse preventing contamination between carcases.’
v delu II se točki 7.3 in 7.4 nadomestita z naslednjim:
In Part II, points 7.3 and 7.4 are replaced by the following:
Vsi deli telesa testirane živali, vključno s kožo, do prejetja negativnega rezultata hitrega testa ostanejo pod uradnim nadzorom, razen če se odstranijo v skladu s členom 12(a) ali (b) Uredbe (ES) št. 1069/2009 ali če se njihove maščobe predelajo v skladu z Uredbo (EU) št. 142/2011 in uporabijo v skladu s členom 12(e) Uredbe (ES) št. 1069/2009 ali uporabijo za proizvodnjo pridobljenih proizvodov iz člena 36 navedene uredbe.
All parts of the body of a tested animal, including the hide, shall be retained under official control until a negative result has been obtained to the rapid test, unless they are disposed of in accordance with Article 12(a) or (b) of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009, or unless its fats are processed in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 142/2011 and used in accordance with Article 12(e) of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 or used for the manufacture of derived products referred to in Article 36 of that Regulation.
Vsi deli telesa živali, pri kateri je rezultat hitrega testa pozitiven, vključno s kožo, se neposredno odstranijo v skladu členom 12(a) ali (b) Uredbe (ES) št. 1069/2009, razen snovi, ki se zadržijo zaradi evidence iz dela III poglavja B te priloge, in razen topljenih maščob, pridobljenih iz takega telesa, če se te topljene maščobe predelajo v skladu z Uredbo (EU) št. 142/2011 in uporabijo v skladu s členom 12(e) Uredbe (ES) št. 1069/2009 ali uporabijo za proizvodnjo pridobljenih proizvodov iz člena 36 navedene uredbe.“;
All parts of the body of an animal found positive to the rapid test, including the hide, shall be directly disposed of in accordance with Article 12(a) or (b) of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009, apart from the material to be retained in conjunction with the records provided for in Chapter B, Part III of this Annex, and apart from rendered fats derived from such a body provided that these rendered fats are processed in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 142/2011 and used in accordance with Article 12(e) of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 or used for the manufacture of derived products referred to in Article 36 of that Regulation.’
Priloga V se spremeni:
Annex V is amended as follows:
točki 3 in 4 se nadomestita z naslednjim:
points 3 and 4 are replaced by the following:
Označevanje in uničevanje
Marking and disposal
Snovi s specifičnim tveganjem se obarvajo z barvilom ali po potrebi drugače označijo neposredno po odstranitvi ter uničijo v skladu s pravili iz Uredbe (ES) št. 1069/2009 in zlasti člena 12 Uredbe.
Specified risk material shall be stained with a dye or, as appropriate, otherwise marked, immediately on removal, and disposed of in accordance with the rules laid down in Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009, and in particular in Article 12 thereof.
Odstranitev snovi s specifičnim tveganjem
Removal of specified risk material
Snovi s specifičnim tveganjem se odstranjujejo v:
Specified risk material shall be removed at:
klavnicah ali po potrebi na drugih mestih za zakol;
slaughterhouses, or, as appropriate, other places of slaughter;
razsekovalnicah, če gre za hrbtenico goveda;
cutting plants, in the case of vertebral column of bovine animals;
če je primerno, v odobrenih obratih ali objektih iz člena 24(1)(h) Uredbe (ES) št. 1069/2009.
where appropriate, in approved establishments or plants referred to in Article 24(1)(h) of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009.
Z odstopanjem od točke 4.1 se uporaba alternativnega testa za odstranjevanje snovi s specifičnim tveganjem iz člena 8(2) lahko odobri v skladu s postopkom iz člena 24(3) te uredbe, če je navedeni alternativni test naveden v Prilogi X, in sicer v skladu z naslednjimi pogoji:
By way of derogation from point 4.1, the use of an alternative test to the removal of specified risk material, referred to in Article 8(2), may be authorised in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 24(3) of this Regulation, provided that that alternative test is listed in Annex X, in accordance with the following conditions:
alternativni testi se morajo izvajati v klavnicah na vseh živalih, primernih za odstranitev snovi s specifičnim tveganjem;
the alternative tests must be carried out in slaughterhouses on all animals eligible for the removal of specified risk material;
noben goveji, ovčji ali kozji proizvod, ki je namenjen za prehrano ljudi ali živali, ne sme zapustiti klavnice, dokler pristojni organ ne prejme in sprejme rezultatov alternativnih testov za vse zaklane živali, pri katerih obstaja možnost kontaminacije, če je BSE bila potrjena pri eni od njih;
no bovine, ovine or caprine product intended for human consumption or animal feed may leave the slaughterhouse before the competent authority has received and accepted the results of the alternative tests on all slaughtered animals potentially contaminated if BSE has been confirmed in one of them;
če je rezultat alternativnega testa pozitiven, se morajo vse goveje, ovčje in kozje snovi, pri katerih obstaja možnost kontaminacije v klavnici, uničiti v skladu s točko 3, razen če je vse dele telesa, vključno s kožo prizadete živali, mogoče identificirati in shraniti ločeno od drugih.
when an alternative test gives a positive result, all bovine, ovine and caprine material which has been potentially contaminated in the slaughterhouse must be destroyed in accordance with point 3, unless all parts of the body including the hide of the affected animal can be identified and kept separate.
Z odstopanjem od točke 4.1 države članice lahko odobrijo:
By way of derogation from point 4.1, Member States may decide to allow:
odstranjevanje hrbtenjače ovac in koz v razsekovalnicah, ki so za to posebej pooblaščene;
the removal of the spinal cord of ovine and caprine animals in cutting plants specifically authorised for that purpose;
odstranjevanje hrbtenice iz trupov ali delov trupov goveda v mesnicah, ki so za to posebej pooblaščene, nadzorovane in registrirane;
the removal of the vertebral column of bovine animals from carcasses or parts of carcasses in butcher shops specifically authorised, monitored and registered for that purpose;
odstranjevanje mesa z glave goveda v razsekovalnicah, ki so za to posebej pooblaščene v skladu s točko 9.
the harvesting of head meat from bovine animals in cutting plants specifically authorised for that purpose in accordance with point 9.
Pravila za odstranjevanje snovi s specifičnim tveganjem iz tega poglavja se ne uporabljajo za snovi kategorije 1, ki se v skladu s členom 18(2)(a) Uredbe (ES) št. 1069/2009 uporabljajo za krmljenje živali v živalskih vrtovih, ter snovi kategorije 1, ki se v skladu s členom 18(2)(b) navedene uredbe uporabljajo za krmljenje ogroženih ali zaščitenih vrst ptic mrhovinark in drugih vrst, ki živijo v svojem naravnem habitatu, zaradi spodbujanja biotske raznovrstnosti.“;
The rules on the removal of specified risk material set out in this Chapter shall not apply to Category 1 material used in accordance with Article 18(2)(a) of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 for feeding to zoo animals, as well as to Category 1 material used in accordance with Article 18(2)(b) of that Regulation for feeding to endangered or protected species of necrophagous birds and other species living in their natural habitat, for the promotion of biodiversity.’
točki 6 in 7 se nadomestita z naslednjim:
points 6 and 7 are replaced by the following:
Ukrepi v zvezi z uničenjem tkiv
Measures concerning laceration of tissues
Prepoved iz člena 8(3) glede uporabe uničenja, po omamljanju, centralnega živčnega tkiva s podolgovatim paličastim instrumentom, ki prodre v kranialno votlino, ali z vbrizgavanjem plina v kranialno votlino v državah članicah ali njihovih regijah z nadzorovanim ali nejasnim tveganjem za BSE za govedo, ovce in koze, katerih meso je namenjeno za prehrano ljudi ali živali, se uporablja tudi v državah članicah z zanemarljivim tveganjem za BSE.
In addition to the prohibition laid down in Article 8(3) against the use, in Member States, or regions thereof, with a controlled or undetermined BSE risk, of laceration, after stunning, of central nervous tissue by means of an elongated rod-shaped instrument introduced into the cranial cavity, or by means of gas injection into the cranial cavity, in bovine, ovine or caprine animals whose meat is intended for human or animal consumption, that prohibition shall also be applicable in Member States with a negligible BSE risk.
Izrezovanje jezikov iz goveda
Harvesting of tongues from bovine animals
Jeziki goveda vseh starosti, namenjeni za prehrano ljudi ali živali, se izrezujejo v klavnici s prečnim rezom pred podaljškom osnovne jezične kosti, razen jezikov goveda s poreklom iz držav članic z zanemarljivim tveganjem za BSE.“;
The tongues of bovine animals of all ages intended for human or animal consumption shall be harvested at the slaughterhouse by a transverse cut rostral to the lingual process of the basihyoid bone, except for tongues of bovine animals whose origin is in Member States with a negligible BSE risk.’
točka 11 se nadomesti z naslednjim:
point 11 is replaced by the following:
Nadzor
Controls
Države članice pogosto izvajajo uradni nadzor, da preverijo pravilno uporabo te priloge, in zagotavljajo, da se izvajajo ukrepi za preprečevanje kontaminacije, zlasti v klavnicah, razsekovalnicah ali drugih mestih, kjer se odstranjujejo snovi s specifičnim tveganjem, kot so mesnice ali obrati iz točke 4.1(c).