natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Being EMAS-registered may make internal business-to-business procedures easier for both parties.
Take koristi lahko na primer vključujejo poenostavljene obveznosti poročanja, manjše število inšpekcijskih pregledov, nižje pristojbine za odpadke in daljša obdobja med obnavljanjem dovoljenja.
Regulatory relief
Primeri vključujejo: 50-odstotno znižanje pristojbin za odpadke, 20- do 30-odstotno znižanje pristojbin za postopke izdaje licenc, do 100-odstotno znižanje pristojbin za spremljanje in izvrševanje v okviru nacionalne zakonodaje, 30-odstotno znižanje pristojbin za javne storitve, ki jih izvajajo vladne agencije, 30-odstotno znižanje pristojbin za postopke izdaje licenc v zvezi s površinsko vodo, dovoljenj za črpanje podtalnice in izdaje licenc za odlagališča odpadkov.
EMAS-registered organisations may be entitled to regulatory relief.
Obstajajo tudi koristi v zvezi z upravljanjem spremljanja nevarnih kemikalij in ravnanja z njimi, obveznostmi glede odlaganja odpadkov (ker ni treba dokazovati tehničnih nadzornih ukrepov) in spremljanjem toplogrednih plinov.
There may be benefits for companies involved in manufacturing sectors, with advantages under Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control legislation [4].Several Member States also offer advantages to EMAS-registered organisations regarding state and regional environmental laws and regulations.
Stroški in koristi
Such benefits may, for instance, involve simplified reporting obligations; fewer inspections, lower waste fees and longer periods between permit renewals.
Družbe bi morale na registracijo v sistem EMAS gledati kot na naložbo.
Examples include: a 50 % reduction in waste fees; a 20-30 % reduction in fees for licensing procedures; a reduction of up to 100 % in fees for monitoring and enforcement under national law, a 30 % reduction in fees for public services performed by government agencies, a 30 % reduction in fees for surface water licensing procedures, groundwater extraction permits and for landfill licensing procedures.
Izvajanje sistema EMAS zajema notranje in zunanje stroške, kot so nudenje svetovanja, človeški viri za izvajanje in nadaljnje spremljanje ukrepov, inšpekcijski pregledi, registracijske pristojbine itd.
There are also advantages when it comes to administration of monitoring and handling of hazardous chemicals, waste disposal obligations (by not having to demonstrate technical supervision measures) and greenhouse gases monitoring.
Dejanski stroški in koristi se zelo razlikujejo, kar je na primer odvisno od velikosti in dejavnosti organizacije, trenutnega stanja v zvezi s praksami okoljskega ravnanja, posamezne države itd., vendar sistem EMAS na splošno zagotavlja znatne prihranke.
Costs and benefits
Različne študije so pokazale, da se organizacijam stroški izvajanja zaradi večjega dobička povrnejo v razmeroma kratkem obdobju, tj. v večini primerov v enem ali dveh letih [5] [6] [7] [8] [9].Tabela 1
Businesses should regard registering for EMAS as an investment.
Stroški in možna letna stroškovna učinkovitost v sistemu EMAS [10]Vir: ‚Costs and Benefits of EMAS to Registered Organisations‘ (Stroški in koristi sistema EMAS za registrirane organizacije), študija za Evropsko komisijo, 2009.
Implementing EMAS involves internal and external costs, such as consultancy support, human resources to implement and follow up measures, inspections, registration fees, etc.
Velikost organizacije [11]
Actual costs and benefits vary widely, depending on, for example, the size and activities of the organisation, the current state of play on environmental management practices, the specific country, etc.
Možna letna stroškovna učinkovitost
But in general, EMAS does lead to significant savings.
Stroški izvajanja [12] sistema EMAS v prvem letu
Table 1 Costs and potential annual efficiency savings in EMAS [10]Source: ‘Costs and Benefits of EMAS to Registered Organisations’, study for European Commission, 2009.
Mikro
(EUR)
3000–10000
Organisation size [11]
Majhna
Potential annual efficiency savings
20000–40000
First year implementation costs [12] of EMAS
Srednja
EMAS Annual costs [13]
Do 100000
Micro
Velika
3000 – 10000
Do 400000
Small
Podatki v stolpcu ‚Možna letna stroškovna učinkovitost‘ temeljijo le na prihranku energije.
20000 – 40000
Podatki v zvezi s prihrankom zaradi učinkovite rabe virov niso na voljo.
Medium
Zbirka orodij EMAS za majhne organizacije [14] zagotavlja veliko drugih primerov prihrankov pri stroških/koristih.
Up to 100000
Mikro in majhne organizacije se v splošnem soočajo s sorazmerno višjimi fiksnimi in zunanjimi stroški kot srednje in velike organizacije, saj imajo slednje prednost zaradi ekonomije obsega, pri čemer višji delež stroškov notranje nosijo okoljski oddelki, ter nižje zunanje stroške, saj potrebujejo manj svetovalcev.
Large
Vendar se celo zelo velikim organizacijam svetuje podrobna proučitev stroškov izvajanja.
Up to 400000
Sistem EMAS in sistemi okoljskega ravnanja, kot sta standarda EN 16001 in ISO 50001, so precej podobni.
Data on ‘Potential annual efficiency savings’ are based on energy savings only.
Ker je upravljanje porabe energije del sistema EMAS, organizacije, registrirane v sistemu EMAS, že izboljšujejo svojo energetsko učinkovitost, zato izpolnjujejo večino zahtev iz standardov EN 16001 in ISO 50001.
No data are available on resource efficiency savings
To lahko prav tako povzroči znižanje stroškov.
The EMAS ‘Toolkit for small organisations’ [14] provides many other examples of cost/benefit savings.
Organizacije, ki premišljujejo o registraciji v sistem EMAS, bi morale upoštevati tudi tehnično in finančno podporo ali subvencije, ki jih omogočajo države članice, nacionalni, regionalni ali lokalni organi in pristojni organi sistema EMAS.
As a whole, micro and small organisations face proportionally higher fixed and external costs than medium or large organisations, since the latter benefit from economies of scale, with a higher proportion of costs borne internally by environment departments, and lower external costs as they have less need for consultants.
UREDBA EMAS
However, even very large organisations are advised to investigate implementation costs in detail.
Sistem EMAS je bil ustanovljen z Uredbo (ES) št. 1221/2009 (znano tudi kot EMAS III) in se neposredno uporablja v vseh državah članicah.
EMAS and energy management systems such as EN 16001 and ISO 50001 are quite similar.
SPLOŠNO
As management of energy use is part of EMAS, EMAS registered organisations already improve their energy efficiency, consequently they fulfil most EN 16001 and ISO 50001 requirements.
PODROČJE UPORABE
Therefore this can also result in cost reductions.
Od leta 2001 lahko sistem EMAS izvaja vsaka javna ali zasebna organizacija.
Organisations considering EMAS registration should also take into account the technical and financial support or subsidies that Member States, national, regional or local authorities and EMAS Competent Bodies offer.
Sistem je od sprejetja uredbe EMAS III dostopen tudi neevropskim organizacijam ali evropskim družbam, ki delujejo v neevropskih državah.
EMAS REGULATION
V zvezi z zadnjim vprašanjem obstajajo posebna navodila za registracijo družb na ravni EU in tretjih držav ter globalno registracijo.
The EMAS scheme was established in Regulation (EC) No 1221/2009 (also known as EMAS III) and is directly applicable in all Member States.
‚‚Organizacija‘ pomeni družbo, korporacijo, podjetje, organ ali institucijo znotraj ali zunaj Skupnosti ali del ali kombinacijo teh, ki je bodisi združena ali ne, javna ali zasebna in ima lastne naloge in upravo.‘
GENERAL
‚Sistem EMAS je mogoče izvajati na eni, več ali vseh lokacijah, ki pripadajo zasebnim ali javnim organizacijam v katerem koli sektorju dejavnosti [15].
SCOPE
Lokacija je najmanjša enota, ki jo je mogoče registrirati.‘
Since 2001, any public or private organisation can implement EMAS.
‚‚Lokacija‘ pomeni določen geografski prostor pod upravljavskim nadzorom organizacije, ki zajema dejavnosti, proizvode in storitve, vključno z vso infrastrukturo, opremo in materiali; lokacija je najmanjša enota, ki se upošteva za registracijo.‘
With EMAS III, the scheme is also available to non-European organisations or European companies operating in non-European countries.
‚Določen geografski prostor‘ bi bilo treba razumeti kot:
On the latter issue, there is specific guidance on EU corporate registration, third country and global registration.
‚fizično kontinuiteto zemljišč, stavb, opreme ali infrastrukture, ki jo lahko prekinjajo zunanji elementi, če je zagotovljena funkcionalna in organizacijska kontinuiteta dejavnosti.‘
‘“Organisation” means a company, corporation, firm, enterprise, authority or institution, located inside or outside the Community, or part or combination thereof, whether incorporated or not, public or private, which has its own functions and administration.’
ZAHTEVE
EMAS can be implemented in one, several or all sites belonging to private or public organisations in any sector of activity [15].
Splošni postopek izvajanja sistema EMAS je mogoče povzeti na naslednji način:
The smallest entity that can be registered is a site.‘“Site” means a distinct geographic location under the management control of an organisation covering activities, products and services, including all infrastructure, equipment and materials; a site is the smallest entity to be considered for registration.’
organizacija bi morala začeti okoljski pregled, tj. začetno analizo vseh dejavnosti, ki jih organizacija izvaja, da se opredelijo ustrezni neposredni in posredni okoljski vidiki ter veljavna okoljska zakonodaja;
A ‘distinct geographic location’ should be understood as:
nato je treba izvesti sistem okoljskega ravnanja v skladu z zahtevami iz standarda EN ISO 14001 (Priloga II k uredbi EMAS);
‘A physical continuity of land, buildings, equipment or infrastructures, possibly interrupted by external elements provided that functional and organizational continuity of activities is assured.’
sistem je treba preveriti z izvajanjem notranjih presoj in vodstvenega pregleda;
REQUIREMENTS
organizacija pripravi okoljsko izjavo EMAS;
The general procedure for implementing EMAS can be summarised as follows:
okoljski pregled in sistem okoljskega ravnanja se preverita, pri čemer izjavo potrdi akreditirani ali licencirani preveritelj EMAS;
The organisation should start with an environmental review, an initial analysis of all activities the organisation carries out, to identify relevant direct and indirect environmental aspects, and the applicable environmental legislation;
organizacija po preveritvi predloži prijavo za registracijo pristojnemu organu.
Then an environmental management system needs to be implemented, in line with the requirements of EN ISO 14001 (Annex II of EMAS Regulation);
V skladu s členom 46 uredbe EMAS Evropska komisija v posvetovanju z državami članicami in drugimi zainteresiranimi stranmi pripravlja sektorske referenčne dokumente [16] (SRD) za številne prednostne sektorje.Vsak dokument zajema naslednje elemente:
The system needs to be checked by carrying out internal audits and a management review;
najboljšo prakso okoljskega ravnanja,
The organisation writes an EMAS environmental statement;
kazalnike okoljske uspešnosti za posamezne zadevne sektorje,
The environmental review and the environmental management system are verified and the statement is validated by an accredited or licensed EMAS verifier;
po potrebi merila odličnosti in sisteme za ocenjevanje ravni okoljske uspešnosti.
Once the organisation has been verified, it submits an application for registration to the Competent Body.
Organizacije, registrirane v sistemu EMAS, morajo sektorske referenčne dokumente, kadar so ti na voljo za njihov zadevni sektor, upoštevati na dveh različnih ravneh:
In accordance with the Article 46 of the EMAS Regulation the European Commission is developing ‘Sectoral Reference Documents’ [16] (SRDs) for a number of priority sectors in consultation with Member States and other stakeholders.Each document includes the following elements:
pri oblikovanju in izvajanju sistema okoljskega ravnanja ob upoštevanju okoljskih pregledov (člen 4(1)(b));
best environmental management practice;
pri pripravi okoljske izjave (člen 4(1)(d) in člen 4(4)).
environmental performance indicators for the specific sectors concerned;
Sodelovanje v sistemu EMAS je stalen proces.
where appropriate, benchmarks of excellence and rating systems identifying environmental performance levels.
Organizacija prouči posamezne teme v sektorskem referenčnem dokumentu (kadar je na voljo) vsakič, kadar pregleduje svojo okoljsko uspešnost in načrtuje izboljšave, da dobi navdih glede naslednjih vprašanj, ki jih bo obravnavala v okviru postopnega pristopa.
When available for their specific sector, EMAS registered organisations are to take SRDs into account at two different levels:
Slika 2
When developing and implementing their environmental management system in light of the environmental reviews (Article 4(1)(b));
Splošni potek izvajanja sistema EMAS
When preparing the environmental statement (Article 4(1)(d) and Article 4(4)).
Okoljska izjava EMAS
EMAS participation is an ongoing process.
Registracija: pristojni organ
Every time an organisation reviews its environmental performance and plans improvements it shall consult the SRD (when available) on specific topics to find inspiration about which issues to tackle next in a step-wise approach.
Preverjanje in potrjevanje
Figure 2
Notranja presoja/ Vodstveni pregled
General schedule for EMAS implementation
* Splošne zahteve
EMAS environmental statement
* Izvajanje in delovanje
Registration: Competent Body
* Preverjanje obstoječih zahtev
Verification and Validation
Sistem okoljskega ravnanja
* General requirements
Tabela 2
* Environmental policy * Planning
Okvirni časovni razpored za izvajanje sistema EMAS.
* Implementation and operation
Naveden je povprečen čas za vsako dejavnost, ki je lahko krajši ali daljši glede na državo članico, velikost organizacije itd.
* Checking requirements in place
mesec
Environmental management system
mesec
Environmental review
mesec
Table 2
mesec
Indicative time schedule for the implementation of EMAS.
mesec
The time involved in each activity is an average, which can be shorter or longer depending on the Member State, the organisation size, etc.
mesec
Month 1
mesec
Month 2
mesec
Month 3
mesec
Month 4
mesec
Month 5
Splošne zahteve
Month 6
Okoljska politika
Month 7
Načrtovanje: Splošni in posamični okoljski cilji
Month 8
Načrtovanje: Okoljski program
Month 9
Izvajanje in delovanje: Viri, vloge, odgovornosti in pooblastila
Month 10
Izvajanje in delovanje: Kompetentnost, usposabljanje in ozaveščanje osebja, vključno z udeležbo zaposlenih
General requirements
Izvajanje in delovanje: Komunikacija (notranja in zunanja)
Environmental policy
Izvajanje in delovanje: Dokumentacija in kontrola dokumentov
Planning: Environmental Objectives and targets
Izvajanje in delovanje: Nadzor nad delovanjem
Planning: Environmental programme
Izvajanje in delovanje: Načrti ukrepov ob izrednih razmerah
Implementation and operation: Resources, roles, responsibility and authority
Preverjanje: Spremljanje in merjenje, ocena ustreznosti, neskladnost, korektivni ukrepi in preventivni ukrepi, pregled evidenc
Implementation and operation: Staff competence, training and awareness, including employee involvement
Preverjanje: notranja presoja
Implementation and operation: Communication (internal and external)
Vodstveni pregled
Implementation and operation: Documentation and control of documents
Registracija
Implementation and operation: Operational control
NAČIN IZVAJANJA SISTEMA EMAS
Implementation and operation: Emergency plans
OKOLJSKI PREGLED
Checking: Monitoring and measuring, evaluation of compliance, non-conformity, corrective and preventive action, control of records
Prvi korak pri primernem izvajanju sistema EMAS je izvedba temeljite analize notranje strukture in dejavnosti organizacije.
Checking: Internal Audit
Cilj je opredeliti okoljske vidike (kot so opredeljeni spodaj), povezane z vplivi na okolje.
Management review
To je podlaga za določitev uradnega sistema okoljskega ravnanja.
Registration
‚‚Okoljski pregled‘ pomeni začetno celovito analizo okoljskih vidikov, vplivov in uspešnosti, povezanih z dejavnostmi, proizvodi in storitvami organizacije.‘
HOW TO IMPLEMENT EMAS
Analiza mora vključevati:
ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW
zakonske zahteve, ki se uporabljajo za organizacijo,
The first step in implementing EMAS properly is to conduct a thorough analysis of an organisation's internal structure and activities.
opredelitev neposrednih in posrednih okoljskih vidikov,
The aim is to identify environmental aspects (as defined below) associated with environmental impacts.
merila za oceno pomembnosti okoljskih vidikov,
That is the basis for setting up a formal environmental management system.
pregled vseh obstoječih praks in postopkov v zvezi z okoljskim ravnanjem ter
‘“Environmental Review” means an initial comprehensive analysis of environmental aspects, environmental impacts and environmental performance related to an organisation's activities, products and services.’
oceno povratnih informacij po preiskavi preteklih incidentov.
The analysis must include:
‚‚Okoljski vidik‘ pomeni element dejavnosti, proizvodov ali storitev organizacije, ki vpliva ali lahko vpliva na okolje.‘ Okoljski vidiki so lahko povezani z vnosi (na primer porabo surovin in energije) ali iznosi (emisije v zrak, nastajanje odpadkov itd.).
Legal requirements that apply to the organisation;
Slika 3
Identification of direct and indirect environmental aspects;
Razmerje med dejavnostmi, okoljskimi vidiki in vplivi na okolje
Criteria for assessing the significance of the environmental aspects;
Vplivi na okolje
Examination of all existing environmental management practices and procedures;
Splošni in posamični cilji nadzora
Evaluation of feedback after investigation of incidents in the past.
Dejavnosti/ proizvodi/ storitve
‘Environmental aspect’ means an element of an organisation's activities, products or services that has or can have an impact on the environment.
Organizacija potrebuje postopke za zagotavljanje, da se dejavnosti, opredeljene kot bistvene med prvim okoljskim pregledom, pozneje ustrezno spremljajo.
Environmental aspects may be input related (consumption of raw materials and energy, for instance) or output related (air emissions, waste generation, etc.).
Okoljski vidiki in povezani vplivi se lahko spremenijo, kar velja tudi za dejavnosti organizacije.
Figure 3
Če so spremembe znatne, je okoljski pregled morda treba posodobiti.
Relation between activities, environmental aspects and environmental impacts
Organizacija bi morala poznati tudi novosti v razvoju, nove tehnike, rezultate raziskav itd., da bi lahko lažje znova ocenila pomembnost svojih okoljskih vidikov in morebitno potrebo po izvedbi novega okoljskega pregleda, če se dejavnosti organizacije bistveno spremenijo.
Environmental impacts
Kakšen je postopek za izvedbo okoljskega pregleda?
Environmental aspects
Organizacije morajo:
Activities/ Products/ Services
opredeliti okoljske vidike, ki izhajajo iz njihovih proizvodnih postopkov, dejavnosti ali storitev, in
The organisation needs procedures to ensure that activities identified as significant during the first environmental review are properly followed up later.
določiti merila za oceno pomembnosti teh vidikov.
Environmental aspects and related impacts may change, as may the organisation's activities.
Merila morajo biti celovita, pri čemer mora biti mogoče njihovo neodvisno preverjanje.
If the changes are substantial, the environmental review may have to be updated.
Organizacija bi se morala zavedati, da bo morala zunanjim zainteresiranim stranem razkriti okoljske vidike, ki jih bo opredelila, in rezultate ocene.
An organisation should also be aware of new developments, techniques, research results, etc. to help it reassess the significance of its environmental aspects and the possible need to carry out a new environmental review if its activities change significantly.
Kako bi bilo treba opredeliti okoljske vidike?
What is the procedure for carrying out an environmental review?
Zbrati je treba vse ustrezne informacije.
Organisations must:
To lahko pomeni:
identify environmental aspects stemming from their manufacturing processes, activities or services; and
obisk lokacij za preverjanje procesnih vnosov in iznosov (beleženje opomb, izdelovanje potrebnih skic),
establish criteria to assess the significance of these aspects.
zbiranje kart in fotografij lokacije,
The criteria need to be comprehensive and it must be possible to verify them independently.
opredelitev veljavne okoljske zakonodaje,
The organisation should remember that it will have to disclose the environmental aspects it identifies and the results of the evaluation to external stakeholders.
zbiranje vseh okoljskih dovoljenj, licenc in podobnih dokumentov,
How should environmental aspects be identified?
preverjanje vseh virov informacij (prejeti računi, števci, podatki v zvezi z opremo itd.),
All relevant information needs to be gathered.
preverjanje uporabe proizvodov (nabavni in prodajni oddelek sta pogosto koristni začetni točki),
This can mean:
opredelitev ključnih oseb (vodstva in delavcev).
Visiting sites to check process inputs and outputs (taking notes, making drawings as required);
Delavce, ki so vključeni v vse notranje sisteme, bi bilo treba vprašati za mnenje,
Collecting location maps and pictures;
zahtevanje informacij od podizvajalcev, ki lahko bistveno vplivajo na okoljsko uspešnost organizacije,
Identifying applicable environmental legislation;
upoštevanje preteklih nesreč, rezultatov spremljanja in inšpekcijskih pregledov ter
Collecting all environmental permits, licences and similar documents;
opredelitev razmer ob zagonu in zaustavitvi ter opredeljenih tveganj.
Checking all sources of information (incoming invoices, counters, data concerning equipment, etc.);
Upoštevati je treba neposredne in posredne okoljske vidike, pri njihovem določanju pa bi lahko koristili spodnji opredelitvi:
Checking the use of products (often the purchasing and sales departments are useful starting points);
‚‚Neposredni okoljski vidik‘ pomeni okoljske vidike, povezane z dejavnostmi, proizvodi in storitvami samih organizacij, nad katerimi imajo neposreden upravljavski nadzor.‘
Identifying key persons (management and workers).
‚‚Posredni okoljski vidik‘ pomeni okoljske vidike, ki so lahko posledica povezav organizacije s tretjimi osebami in na katere lahko do razumne meje vpliva organizacija.‘
Workers involved in all internal systems should be asked for input;
Bistveno je obravnavanje posrednih vidikov.
Requesting information from subcontractors, who may have a significant influence on an organisation's environmental performance;
To velja za zasebni in javni sektor, zato lokalni organi, storitvene družbe ali finančne institucije na primer v svojem pregledu ne smejo upoštevati le vidikov lokacije.
Taking into account past accidents, the results of monitoring and inspections; and
Organizacije morajo biti zmožne dokazati, da so ugotovile znatne okoljske vidike, povezane z njihovimi postopki naročil, in da sistem ravnanja obravnava pomembne okoljske vplive, povezane s temi vidiki.
Identifying start-up and shut down situations and identified risks.
Tabela 3
Both direct and indirect environmental aspects must be taken into account, and the definitions below should be helpful in identifying these:
Primeri neposrednih in posrednih vidikov
‘“direct environmental aspect” means an environmental aspect associated with activities, products and services of the organisation itself over which it has direct management control.’
Neposredni vidiki
‘“indirect environmental aspect” means an environmental aspect which can result from the interaction of an organisation with third parties and which can to a reasonable degree be influenced by an organisation.’
Posredni vidiki
It is essential to consider indirect aspects.
emisije v zrak
This applies both to the private and public sectors, so local authorities, service companies or financial institutions, for instance, need to extend their review beyond site aspects.
izpusti v vodo