natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The Commission also observed that there are large differences in the wholesale price in the different Member States, which means that wholesale grid parity comes at different prices depending on the Member State in question.
Združenje EU Pro Sun je navedlo več drugih ugotovitev v odprtem pismu, s katerim je odgovorilo na stališče nevladnih organizacij, ki so zahtevale odpravo ukrepov zaradi okoljskih razlogov.
Therefore, the Commission took the view that in the near future wholesale grid parity will not be achieved on a wide-spread basis in the Union, even in the absence of the measures.
Navedlo je, da bi sprejetje celotnega vidika dobavne verige v solarnem sektorju pomenilo mnogo nižji ogljični odtis panelov, proizvedenih v Uniji.
Following disclosure, several parties disagreed with the Commission's conclusion that wholesale grid parity will not be achieved on a wide-spread basis in the Union in the near future, even if the trade measures expire.
Modulov, proizvedenih v Uniji, ni treba prevažati na dolge razdalje.
These parties pointed to a 6-page report by the Becquerel Institute which examined the potential for wholesale grid parity in eleven Member States.
Zaradi proizvodnih standardov in okoljskih zahtev Unije na eni strani ter višjih stroškov energije na drugi strani solarna industrija EU sistematično zmanjšuje svojo porabo energije v primerjavi s kitajskimi proizvajalci.
This report was financed by the three parties to the investigation opposing the measures.
To je zlasti pomembno glede na dejstvo, da je proizvodnja solarnih modulov in njihovih surovin energetsko intenzivna.
The Commission observed that other sources are less optimistic than Becquerel Institute on the level of solar LCOE and consequently the timing of the achievement of grid parity by solar energy in Europe.
Združenje EU Pro Sun je opozorilo tudi na določeno protislovje med dejstvom, da so nekatere nevladne organizacije podpisale pismo s pozivom k ukinitvi ukrepov, pri čemer so se sklicevale na interes Unije, tj. tudi če so ugotovljene nepoštene trgovinske prakse, in nedavno izjavo enega od njihovih voditeljev, ki je pozval, da je treba storiti več za zagotovitev poštene in okolju prijazne trgovine.
For example, the detailed report by BNEF [77], forecasts much higher LCOE ranges for the key markets such as France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom.
Komisija je sklenila, da imajo ukrepi samo omejen učinek na doseganje kratkoročnih podnebnih ciljev Unije.
The differences are indicated in the table below:
Po razkritju se več strani ni strinjalo s trditvijo, da imajo uvoženi solarni proizvodi večji ogljični odtis kot tisti, ki so proizvedeni v Uniji.
Member State
Te strani so trdile, da proizvodnja polikristalnega silicija in rezin predstavlja največji delež povpraševanja po primarni energiji, zato je najpomembnejši izvor polikristalnega silicija in rezin.
BNEF LCOE range EUR/MWh [78]
Te strani so tudi opozorile, da ima proizvodnja električne energije v različnih državah članicah različen ogljični odtis.
Becquerel LCOE range EUR/MWh
Proizvodnja modulov in njihovih surovin je energetsko intenzivna, zato je pomembno, v kateri državi članici so bili moduli in njihovi sestavni deli proizvedeni.
Low
Komisija teh trditev ni mogla podrobno preučiti v kratkem času po razkritju.
High
Pojasnila je, da je le predstavila predložitev EU ProSun in sama nikoli ni trdila, da so uvoženi solarni proizvodi obremenjeni z večjim ogljičnim odtisom.
France
Nasprotno, ne glede na ogljični odtis modulov Unije in kitajskih modulov je Komisija ponovno poudarila glavno ugotovitev, da imajo ukrepi zaenkrat le zelo omejen učinek na povpraševanje po solarnih proizvodih.
Germany
Zato je Komisija ugotovila, da ukrepi niso pomembno vplivali na doseganje okoljskih ciljev Unije.
Italy
Nekatere od strani, ki so zahtevale ukinitev ukrepov, so trdile, da so bile v Uniji nezadostne proizvodne zmogljivosti za kritje povpraševanja po modulih v Uniji in da ukrepi niso znatno povečali proizvodnih zmogljivosti proizvajalcev celic in modulov v Uniji.
Becquerel assumed CAPEX costs at 0,726 EUR/W without differentiating between Member States.
Povpraševanje v Uniji je bilo ocenjeno na manj kot 8 GW, proizvodnjo modulov v Uniji pa so zadevne zainteresirane strani ocenile na manj kot 4 GW.
BNEF assumed much higher CAPEX and differentiated by Member States: France 0,99 EUR/W; Germany 0,9-0,94 EUR/W, Italy 0,76-0,99 EUR/W and the UK 0,9-0,94 EUR/W.
To naj bi pomenilo, da je treba vsekakor uvoziti vsaj polovico modulov.
The difference could be explained to some extent by the fact that Becquerel assumed the module prices free of the measures.
Te strani so navedle, da se ni uresničilo pričakovanje Evropske komisije, izraženo v prvotni uredbi, in sicer da je „za srednjeročno obdobje […] smiselno domnevati, da bo industrija Unije razširila svoje proizvodne zmogljivosti in tako zadovoljila povpraševanje, kar ji bo omogočilo, da doseže ekonomije obsega, zaradi česar bi se lahko cene nadalje znižale“.
However, so much lower CAPEX appears unlikely, especially given that, according to BNEF, CAPEX is anyway lower in the Union than in other countries where trade defence measures do not apply, e.g. Turkey 1,04 EUR/W and the United Arab Emirates 1,14 EUR/W.
Komisija je ugotovila, da tudi če proizvodnja modulov v Uniji ne krije povpraševanja Unije, v Uniji ni nikoli primanjkovalo modulov.
Therefore, Becquerel and BNEF have divergent forecasts.
Cenovna zaveza/minimalna uvozna cena je dopustila uvoz iz Kitajske po poštenih cenah.
For France, Becquerel assumes that it has already happened, for the United Kingdom; and Germany Becquerel assumes it will happen in 2018 and in 2020 respectively.
Torej so ukrepi industriji Unije omogočili, da je povečala proizvodnjo in prodajo glede na velikost trga Unije ter pokrila večji del povpraševanja.
BNEF, however, assumes that utility-scale solar power will become definitively cheaper than fossil power plants only somewhere between 2025 and 2030 for all the three Member States [79].
Kot je navedeno v oddelku 5.3.2 zgoraj, se je potrošnja Unije močno zmanjšala zaradi zmanjšanja shem podpore, kar zelo otežuje rast industrije Unije.
Consequently, according to BNEF utility scale solar power plants will be deployed on a larger scale only after 2025 in most parts of the Union [80].
Kljub temu se je industriji Unije uspelo konsolidirati in znatno znižati stroške.
Finally, the Becquerel report concludes that: ‘PV electricity could become competitive in several of Europe's largest markets by 2019, and in most European countries […] within the five coming years’.
Poleg tega je v Uniji znatna neizkoriščena zmogljivost za proizvodnjo modulov, ki bi lahko znova začela obratovati, če bi se povečalo povpraševanje.
This means that most of the Member States, including Germany, are expected to achieve grid parity only when the measures are set to expire in 2019, even in the disputed case that the assumptions and findings of the Becquerel report were proven to be correct by then.
Zato je Komisija menila, da ukrepi ne povzročajo pomanjkanja oskrbe z moduli na trgu Unije in da so učinkovito razširili proizvodnjo Unije glede na velikost njenega trga.
The opponents of the measures also submitted that the rooftop solar installations have already achieved retail grid parity, i.e. they became economically viable, even without subsidies, in the Member States where the retail electricity prices are high, such as Germany.
Zato so nasprotniki ukrepov navedli, da se niso uresničila pričakovanja Komisije, izražena v prvotni uredbi, da druge tretje države svojega izvoza ne bi znatno usmerile na trg Unije [93].
One of the parties illustrated the point with an example of a commercial centre.
Preiskava Komisije je pokazala, da se je tržni delež uvoza iz LRK v Unijo zmanjšal s 66 % leta 2012 na 41 % v OPP, medtem ko se je tržni delež uvoza iz preostalega sveta razen LRK (predvsem Tajvana, Malezije, Koreje in Singapurja) povečal z 9 % na 25 %.
It has a large rooftop area for the panels to be installed and it needs energy during daytime while the main activity goes on.
Tržni delež proizvajalcev Unije v Uniji se je s 25 % leta 2012 povečal na 35 % v OPP.
So its energy demand coincides with the peak solar production.
Uvoz iz tretjih držav torej industriji Unije ni preprečil, da bi ponovno pridobila znaten tržni delež v Uniji.
In Germany the price they need to pay for each kWh is currently around EUR 20 cents/kWh, while the LCOE of a rooftop solar installation is around EUR 10 cents/kWh.
Komisija je nadalje ugotovila, da se zmogljivosti za proizvodnjo modulov v Jugovzhodni Aziji hitro povečujejo, vendar še vedno predstavljajo le del zmogljivosti na Kitajskem [94].
Therefore, installing the panels can yield significant savings on electricity charges, especially to customers who use a lot of energy during the day.
Tovarne v Jugovzhodni Aziji prodajajo velike količine tudi na trg ZDA in v druge države, ki so uvedle trgovinske ukrepe za kitajske module, kot sta Indija in Kanada.
In the situation when the subsidies are no longer relevant, it is the final module price that influences a customer's decision to install solar system and currently this price is increased by the measures.
Komisija je zato sklenila, da zmogljivosti za proizvodnjo modulov v Jugovzhodni Aziji ne zadostujejo za kritje znatnega deleža povpraševanja v Uniji in ne povzročajo neučinkovitosti ukrepov.
The Commission investigated in more detail the market for retail grid parity in Germany, because parties have extensively commented on it during the investigation.
Vsekakor je namen ukrepov zagotoviti, da se solarni moduli in celice iz LRK uvažajo po poštenih in nedampinških cenah, dejstvo, da je lahko industrija Unije izpostavljena konkurenci iz drugih držav, pa ne pomeni, da so ukrepi neučinkoviti.
It is necessary to distinguish between installations that are for self-consumption, and installations that feed electricity into the grid.
Ena stran je navedla, da gibanje tržnih deležev kaže, da so ukrepi zagotovili ugodnosti predvsem uvoznikom iz tretjih držav.
The Commission concurred with the view that achieving the grid parity by solar energy is a very desirable development as it helps combatting climate change and reducing consumers' electricity bill.
Trdila je, da je položaj podoben zadevi v zvezi z gojenim atlantskim lososom [95], v kateri je Komisija ukinila ukrepe, ker bi povzročili znaten neto prenos bogastva zunaj Unije, prenos bogastva dobaviteljem iz tretjih držav pa bi močno presegel vse ugodnosti, ki bi jih industrija Unije imela zaradi ukrepov.
It found that removing the measures would reduce the price of solar panels, hence increasing the number of locations at which retail grid parity can be achieved.
Kot je navedeno zgoraj, je industriji Unije med letom 2012 in OPP uspelo povečati svoj tržni delež v Uniji s 25 % na 35 %.
At the same time the Commission found that during the RIP, investments into commercial and residential rooftop installations for self-consumption, which do not benefit from any support scheme, have been hold back by regulatory uncertainty about the inclusion, or not, of those installations into the levy for financing the German support scheme — EEG surcharge.
To pomeni, da tretje države niso prevzele večine tržnega deleža, ki so ga prej imeli kitajski proizvajalci.
Following a regulatory change proposed by Germany in order to comply with Union State aid law, the entities which self-consume the power from their renewable energy sources (sometimes called prosumers) are obliged to pay a levy of more than EUR 2 cents per kWh in Germany.
V sedanji zadevi so ukrepi prinesli znatne ugodnosti za industrijo Unije.
Therefore, if a project has an LCOE of 10 cents/kWh, the levy alone makes the electricity generated by it 20 % more expensive [82].
Zato se zadeva v zvezi z gojenim atlantskim lososom ne more uporabiti kot precedens.
The Commission aims at decreasing regulatory uncertainty for the future.
Po navedbah strani, ki so nasprotovale ukrepom, proizvajalci Unije niso najavili nobenih verodostojnih načrtov za razširitev zmogljivosti.
Under the proposal for the Electricity Market Design and the Renewable Energy Directive, ‘renewable self-consumers […] are entitled to carry out self-consumption […] without being subject to disproportionate procedures and charges that are not cost-reflective’ [83].
Namesto tega je največji proizvajalec Unije Solar World v svojih evropskih obratih pred kratkim odpustil več sto delavcev, zaposlenih za določen čas, in sklenil pogodbe za proizvajalce originalne opreme za proizvodnjo solarnih panelov na Tajskem.
Reports by market intelligence also point to the fact that regulatory changes have an impact on demand.
Strani, ki so nasprotovale ukrepom, so trdile, da je to še en dokaz, da je lahko proizvodnja solarnih modulov uspešna samo v velikih proizvodnih obratih, kot so azijski.
One of the latest BNEF's reports states: the German commercial and residential small-scale PV sector was languishing ever since monthly degressions [in the feed-in remuneration] and the surcharge on self-consumption came into force [84].
Zato je bila pravilna ekonomska odločitev, da odloži kapitalsko intenzivno razširitev svojih proizvodnih zmogljivosti do konca te preiskave in namesto tega začasno uporabi razpoložljive zmogljivosti pogodbenih proizvajalcev.
All elements considered, the example of retail price parity achievement set out above shows that solar modules can already generate the electricity much below the retail delivery price in Germany.
Družba Solar World je navedla tudi, da so bili vsi moduli, ki jih je proizvedel njihov partner proizvajalec originalne opreme zunaj Unije, odpremljeni zunaj Unije.
Once the necessary regulatory certainty will be achieved by Union legislation, demand that is not based on support schemes can be expected to pick up.
Tržne informacije so potrdile, da je bila prva polovica leta 2016 obdobje razcveta, druga polovica leta 2016 pa obdobje majhnega povpraševanja, kar je povzročilo nenaden padec cen zaradi presežne ponudbe modulov [97].
That demand is likely to be more sensitive to the price level of solar panels, and therefore likely to be more sensitive to the measures as well.
V tem okviru se lahko odločitev družbe Solar World, da odpusti delavce, zaposlene za določen čas, šteje za težko odločitev, ki pa je utemeljena na podlagi tržnih razmer.
For installations feeding into the grid, demand is mainly determined by support schemes, which may continue to be used without carrying out tenders for installations of up to 1 MW.
Družba Solar World je zmanjšala tudi količine, ki jih proizvajajo pogodbeni proizvajalci, kolikor je bilo to pogodbeno dovoljeno.
At a given level of support, demand is slightly higher if measures are removed.
Komisija je zato glede na negotovosti in nedavni svetovni cikel vzponov in padcev menila, da je bila odločitev proizvajalca iz Unije, da odloži razširitev zmogljivosti in namesto tega uporabi razpoložljive proizvodne zmogljivosti pogodbenih proizvajalcev, ekonomsko utemeljena in ni kazala, da je proizvodnja v Uniji postala nevzdržna.
At the same time, for budgetary reasons, most Member States have significantly reduced support, so that this demand is shrinking irrespective of the measures.
Ugotovitev glede interesa Unije
Following disclosure, SPE claimed that the Commission wrongly drew its conclusions on the impact on the regulatory uncertainty and EEG-surcharge based on a German illustration alone.
Komisija je pretehtala in proučila nasprotujoče si interese, da bi ugotovila, ali bi bili negativni učinki na nepovezane uvoznike ter industrije višje in nižje v prodajni verigi ter drugi zgoraj analizirani učinki nesorazmerni v primerjavi s pozitivnim učinkom na proizvajalce izdelka, ki se pregleduje, v Uniji.
The Commission reiterated that similar negative conditions existed in many Member States.
V skladu s tretjim stavkom člena 21(1) osnovne uredbe je bila zlasti upoštevana potreba po odpravi učinkov škodljivega dampinga, ki izkrivljajo trgovino, in ponovni vzpostavitvi učinkovite konkurence.
The same was observed by SPE in their latest Global Market Outlook 2016-2020 for Spain: ‘[…] the Spanish Government […] hindered the emerging self-consumption market with a solar tax and high fines for non-declared prosumers’ [85] and ‘The fate of solar in Spain is similar in several other former high feed-in-tariff markets: Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic and Greece.
Ključno vodilo je bila ocena verjetnega učinka nadaljnje veljavnosti ukrepov na prihodnje povpraševanje po solarnih modulih v Uniji.
The solar markets in Slovakia and Slovenia have almost completely come to a halt’ [86]; as well as: ‘Even several developed distributed rooftop solar markets are struggling as they are transforming from feed-in tariff or net-metering markets to self-consumption schemes.
Če bi ukrepi znatno omejili povpraševanje, bi bilo mogoče trditi, da lahko zaščita razmeroma majhne industrije Unije nesorazmerno vpliva na znatno večje industrije nižje in višje v prodajni verigi.
This is despite the fact that solar in many instances is cheaper than retail electricity.
Vendar, kot je bilo ugotovljeno v uvodni izjavi 313, so ukrepi le omejeno vplivali na povpraševanje po solarnih modulih v Uniji.
The barriers that have been implemented for rooftop solar in certain European countries (taxes on self-consumed solar power, hindering sales of excess power or only offering wholesale prices) and continued discussion on further limitations have kept many potential buyers away from investing in their own solar system’ [87].
Razmere se pred sprejetjem nove direktive o spodbujanju uporabe energije iz obnovljivih virov in njenim izvajanjem v državah članicah verjetno ne bodo spremenile.
The Commission thus rejected this argument.
Glede na to ugotovitev je bilo lažje razumeti trditev glede učinka na delovna mesta.
Conclusion on the impact of measures on demand
Čeprav lahko ukinitev ukrepov prispeva k ustvarjanju nekaj novih delovnih mest, bi hkrati neposredno ogrozila obstoječa delovna mesta v industriji solarnih celic in modulov v Uniji (približno 8000).
Following an in-depth analysis the Commission found that with regard to the impact of measures on demand, it is important to distinguish different sectors and different types of demand.
Zato ni bila ustrezna zgolj številčna primerjava med sedanjimi delovnimi mesti v industriji Unije in obstoječimi delovnimi mesti v industriji nižje (približno 50000) ali višje v prodajni verigi (približno 5000–10000).
Demand from support schemes.
Glede na to, da je bilo treba po uveljavitvi nekaterih novih pravil v skladu z zakonodajo Unije o državni pomoči spremeniti politike podpore za energijo iz obnovljivih virov in da bodo verjetno dodatno spremenjene, ko sozakonodajalca sprejmeta predlog Komisije za novo direktivo o spodbujanju uporabe energije iz obnovljivih virov, ni mogoče sprejeti mnenja o interesu Unije za obdobje, daljše od 18 mesecev.
Where support schemes are technology-specific, measures do not have an impact on demand.
Nekatere ugotovitve kažejo, da lahko imajo ukrepi večji vpliv na povpraševanje v prihodnosti, ko se bo končal prenos politik o podpori za energijo iz obnovljivih virov, razjasnil fiskalni položaj v zvezi z lastno porabo ter dosegla pariteta omrežja v širših delih Evrope in za nekatere skupine potrošnikov.
Where support schemes are technology-neutral, measures reduce the chances of solar energy of winning.
Kot je navedeno v uvodnih izjavah 302 in 308, so nova pravila o zasnovi energetskega trga, ki jih je Komisija predlagala 1. decembra 2016 [98], in nova pravila o prehodu na čisto energijo, usmerjenem k odjemalcem, ki jih je Komisija predlagala 30. novembra 2016 [99], pomemben korak k doseganju stabilnega in rasti prijaznega okolja.
However, even for those tenders, the Commission observes that solar energy has won a significant market share, which shows that even with the measures, it is capable of competing for utility-scale projects.
Komisija se je zato odločila omejiti podaljšanje ukrepov za dodatnih 18 mesecev.
Wholesale grid parity at this stage and in the near future can only be achieved, if at all, at ideal locations, even if prices for solar panels are reduced because measures are lifted.
Po dodatnem razkritju iz uvodne izjave 30 je Komisija prejela tri vrste pripomb.
Again, the additional demand to be expected in the absence of the measures is low, and in addition depends on the level of the wholesale price in the Member State in question.
Na splošno so proizvajalci iz EU Komisijo pozivali, naj ohrani prvotno obdobje 24 mesecev, in sicer z utemeljitvijo, da je razkriti predlog za zmanjšanje običajnega obdobja s pet na dve leti že pravično upošteval različne interese.
Retail grid parity is today achieved for commercial installations in Member States, which have high retail prices, such as Germany, even if sun is not abundant there.
Nekatere zainteresirane strani iz industrije nižje in višje v prodajni verigi, so se strinjale s skrajšanjem na 18 mesecev, nekatere pa so zagovarjale ukinitev ukrepov.
The main drivers here are taxes, fees for the network and levies for support schemes.
Kitajska vlada je obžalovala dejstvo, da Komisija namerava ohraniti ukrepe, čeprav samo za 18 mesecev.
New energy market design rules announced by the Commission on 1 December 2016 [88] and new rules for consumer centred clean energy transition proposed by the Commission on 30 November 2016 [89] are an important step towards achieving a stable and growth friendly environment.
Tako kot nekatere zainteresirane strani iz industrije višje in nižje v prodajni verigi, je tudi kitajska vlada kritizirala dejstvo, da pozneje v besedilu osnutka izvedbenega akta ni bila omenjena takojšnja ukinitev ukrepov.
Once the Commission's proposal is adopted by the co-legislators demand for commercial installations that auto-consume is expected to pick up.
Komisija je ugotovila, da lahko imajo ukrepi večji vpliv na povpraševanje v prihodnosti, ko se bo končal prenos politik o podpori za energijo iz obnovljivih virov, razjasnil fiskalni položaj v zvezi z lastno porabo ter dosegla pariteta omrežja v širših delih Evrope in za nekatere skupine potrošnikov.
In that case, for commercial systems the removal of measures may have more important impact, as there is no limit to demand in the form of a limited amount of production to be supported by support schemes, and no competition from other energy sources, contrary to wholesale grid parity.
To upravičuje, da se ukrepi izjemoma podaljšajo samo za 18 mesecev, po izteku tega obdobja pa bi v skladu s pravili osnovne uredbe, ki se uporabljajo, prenehali veljati.
For residential installations, achieving retail grid parity will take longer, as they need to be fitted with costly storage devices to be suitable for most users who auto-consume [90].
Komisija je na podlagi dokazov, ki so bili na voljo na tej stopnji, menila, da za uravnoteženje verjetnih negativnih učinkov na industrijo višje in nižje v prodajni verigi in potrošnike ter koristi, ki bi jih ukrepi pomenili za industrijo Unije, 18 mesecev predstavlja ustrezen kompromis med nasprotujočimi si interesi.
They contended that investments are driven by the expected rate of return and therefore the lower the price of solar module, the higher the return on investment and the likelihood of realisation.
Ta vprašanja se lahko obravnavajo v vmesnem pregledu glede oblike ukrepov.
The Commission recalled that it had always agreed that the price has an impact on demand.
Nazadnje, Komisija je bila seznanjena, da mehanizem prilagoditve minimalne uvozne cene ne sledi strmi krivulji učenja v solarni industriji [100].
Nonetheless, in its view other factors exert currently much more significant impact on demand than a relatively mild increase in the price of modules caused by the MIP.
Sedanji sistem prilagoditve je zato morda evropskim potrošnikom preprečil, da bi izkoristili svetovno povečanje učinkovitosti, zaradi česar bi bilo morda treba to vprašanje ponovno proučiti.
These factors are on the one hand regulatory uncertainty, but on the other hand, the intentional actions by the government to control the level of solar deployment.
Obravnavati ga je mogoče v vmesnem pregledu glede katerega koli mehanizma prilagoditve, ki ga je mogoče povezati z drugo obliko ukrepa.