natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
For Germany and France, the measures cannot have any impact on utility-scale demand for solar modules, as solar energy has ‘reserved’ tenders, and the capacity is fixed.
Povpraševanje v Uniji je bilo ocenjeno na manj kot 8 GW, proizvodnjo modulov v Uniji pa so zadevne zainteresirane strani ocenile na manj kot 4 GW.
The only difference is a marginally higher price for the end consumers that have to cover the costs of the tender either through taxes or charges.
To naj bi pomenilo, da je treba vsekakor uvoziti vsaj polovico modulov.
For the United Kingdom, as tenders are technology-neutral and in any event no new tenders are planned, the analysis is different.
Te strani so navedle, da se ni uresničilo pričakovanje Evropske komisije, izraženo v prvotni uredbi, in sicer da je „za srednjeročno obdobje […] smiselno domnevati, da bo industrija Unije razširila svoje proizvodne zmogljivosti in tako zadovoljila povpraševanje, kar ji bo omogočilo, da doseže ekonomije obsega, zaradi česar bi se lahko cene nadalje znižale“.
Here, solar energy competes in the market with all other forms of energy.
Komisija je ugotovila, da tudi če proizvodnja modulov v Uniji ne krije povpraševanja Unije, v Uniji ni nikoli primanjkovalo modulov.
However, the measures did not make solar energy uncompetitive.
Cenovna zaveza/minimalna uvozna cena je dopustila uvoz iz Kitajske po poštenih cenah.
At the February 2015 auction 18,5 % of a combined capacity of 2,1 GW was still awarded to solar energy.
Čeprav se je uvoz iz preostalega sveta razmeroma povečal, je industrija Unije med letom 2012 in OPP uspela povečati svoj tržni delež v Uniji s 25 % na 35 %.
That tender shows that even with the measures in place, solar energy is able to compete successfully in a non-technology specific tender [103].
Torej so ukrepi industriji Unije omogočili, da je povečala proizvodnjo in prodajo glede na velikost trga Unije ter pokrila večji del povpraševanja.
At most, they may have slightly reduced the weight of solar in the tender results, i.e. solar energy may have won a bigger share of the technology-neutral tenders absent the measures.
Kot je navedeno v oddelku 6.3.2 zgoraj, se je potrošnja Unije močno zmanjšala zaradi zmanjšanja shem podpore, kar zelo otežuje rast industrije Unije.
Finally, the Commission considered that if the measures were removed and solar modules would be purchased at subsidised prices, multi-technology tenders would confer an unfair advantage to solar modules towards other renewable sources of energy.
Kljub temu se je industriji Unije uspelo konsolidirati in znatno znižati stroške.
Therefore, the measures do not put solar energy at a competitive disadvantage, but merely restore a level playing field between all the technologies.
Poleg tega je v Uniji znatna neizkoriščena zmogljivost za proizvodnjo modulov, ki bi lahko znova začela obratovati, če bi se povečalo povpraševanje.
The Commission concluded that there was no link between falling prices per kWh and increased demand for solar energy.
Zato je Komisija menila, da ukrepi ne povzročajo pomanjkanja oskrbe z moduli na trgu Unije in da so učinkovito razširili proizvodnjo Unije glede na velikost njenega trga.
In particular, Germany, France and the United Kingdom did not increase their solar deployment targets because project developers were placing lower bids in the capacity auctions.
Strani, ki so nasprotovale ukrepom, so navedle, da se zmogljivosti za proizvodnjo modulov zunaj Kitajske zelo hitro povečujejo.
Rather, the tenders were mainly introduced by the Member States to control the level of solar deployment.
Velik del teh novih zmogljivosti so vzpostavile kitajske družbe.
SPE claimed that the Commission gave an incomplete and even inaccurate picture of their position on the impact of measures on tenders.
Strani so trdile, da bi to pomenilo, da bi se lahko v Unijo iz tretjih držav uvažale vse večje količine poceni modulov, celo če ukrepi ostanejo veljavni.
The Commission confirmed that SPE had claimed in their 2016 Global Market Outlook and several other submissions that in their view the MIP negatively impacted on the outcome of the tenders.
Zato so nasprotniki ukrepov navedli, da se niso uresničila pričakovanja Komisije, izražena v prvotni uredbi, da druge tretje države svojega izvoza ne bi znatno usmerile na trg Unije [123].
The Commission, however, disagreed with that view as set out in detail above.
Preiskava Komisije je pokazala, da se je tržni delež uvoza iz LRK v Unijo zmanjšal s 66 % leta 2012 na 41 % v OPP, medtem ko se je tržni delež uvoza iz preostalega sveta razen LRK (predvsem Tajvana, Malezije, Koreje in Singapurja) povečal z 9 % na 25 %.
At the same time, the Commission noted that in the Global Market Outlook 2016-2020, Solar Power Europe still considered that tenders can be used by governments to control or even limit solar deployment: ‘Policy leaders often prefer to see distributed solar on rooftops, where it outcompetes any other renewable energy technology and — unlike ground-mounted PV power plants, does not compete with other usages.
Tržni delež proizvajalcev Unije v Uniji se je s 25 % leta 2012 povečal na 35 % v OPP.
This has been in particular the case for European countries, where ground-mounted PV systems sometimes even have been limited in size — in Germany, for example, up to 10 MW, and also in volume by implementing tenders [105]’.
Uvoz iz tretjih držav torej industriji Unije ni preprečil, da bi ponovno pridobila znaten tržni delež v Uniji.
The impact of the measures on achieving grid parity by solar power
Komisija je nadalje ugotovila, da se zmogljivosti za proizvodnjo modulov v Jugovzhodni Aziji hitro povečujejo, vendar še vedno predstavljajo le del zmogljivosti na Kitajskem [124].
The term grid parity means a point in time at which a developing technology will produce electricity for the same cost as conventional technologies.
Tovarne v Jugovzhodni Aziji prodajajo velike količine tudi na trg ZDA in v druge države, ki so uvedle trgovinske ukrepe za kitajske module, kot sta Indija in Kanada.
Actually, there are two forms of grid parity.
Pričakuje se, da se bo povečalo tudi število solarnih naprav v Jugovzhodni Aziji, zato naj bi se določene količine prodale v regiji.
Wholesale grid parity occurs when a solar system (usually a large, utility scale system that is connected to the transmission/distribution grid) can generate power at a levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) [106] that is less than the price of purchasing power from the wholesale market where all major (usually conventional) generators are competing.
Komisija je zato sklenila, da zmogljivosti za proizvodnjo modulov v Jugovzhodni Aziji ne zadostujejo za kritje znatnega deleža povpraševanja v Uniji in ne povzročajo neučinkovitosti ukrepov.
At the wholesale level the energy is sold to very large industrial customers and utilities who distribute the energy to households and other smaller end-users.
Vsekakor je namen ukrepov zagotoviti, da se solarni moduli in celice iz LRK uvažajo po poštenih in nesubvencioniranih cenah, dejstvo, da je lahko industrija Unije izpostavljena konkurenci iz drugih držav, pa ne pomeni, da so ukrepi neučinkoviti.
Retail grid parity occurs when a solar system (usually installed on the rooftop of a user) can generate power at LCOE that is less than the cost of retail electricity price (including all the transmission and distribution fees, utility mark-up and the taxes).
Ena stran je navedla, da gibanje tržnih deležev kaže, da so ukrepi zagotovili ugodnosti predvsem uvoznikom iz tretjih držav.
The Commission first analysed the situation for wholesale grid parity, and then for retail grid parity.
Trdila je, da je položaj podoben zadevi v zvezi z gojenim atlantskim lososom [125], v kateri je Komisija ukinila ukrepe, ker bi povzročili znaten neto prenos bogastva zunaj Unije, prenos bogastva dobaviteljem iz tretjih držav pa bi močno presegel vse ugodnosti, ki bi jih industrija Unije imela zaradi ukrepov.
Wholesale grid parity.
Kot je navedeno zgoraj, je industriji Unije med letom 2012 in OPP uspelo povečati svoj tržni delež v Uniji s 25 % na 35 %.
The opponents of the measures submitted that, if the measures are removed, large solar installations could achieve wholesale grid parity in the sunniest parts of the Union, such as Spain.
To pomeni, da tretje države niso prevzele večine tržnega deleža, ki so ga prej imeli kitajski proizvajalci.
According to a business plan presented by one of the members of SAFE, they could achieve the LCOE of EUR 3,8 cents/kWh in the Spanish region of Cadiz if they purchased modules at EUR 0,35/W.
V sedanji zadevi so ukrepi prinesli znatne ugodnosti za industrijo Unije.
They claimed that at such low LCOE the solar energy not only achieves grid parity with other conventional sources of energy, but there is no other production method of electricity which could beat it in the very near future.
Po navedbah strani, ki so nasprotovale ukrepom, proizvajalci Unije niso najavili nobenih verodostojnih načrtov za razširitev zmogljivosti.
This cost advantage coupled with other assets of South European countries i.e. good grid connections, stable political and economic environment and strong and liquid currency gives them a unique opportunity to become new European leaders in energy production.
Namesto tega je največji proizvajalec Unije Solar World v svojih evropskih obratih pred kratkim odpustil več sto delavcev, zaposlenih za določen čas, in sklenil pogodbe za proizvajalce originalne opreme za proizvodnjo solarnih panelov na Tajskem.
According to these parties, the measures prevent this from happening.
Strani, ki so nasprotovale ukrepom, so trdile, da je to še en dokaz, da je lahko proizvodnja solarnih modulov uspešna samo v velikih proizvodnih obratih, kot so azijski.
The Commission observed that the Spanish region of Cadiz has one of the best solar radiations in the Union (the most hours of sun in a year), which maximises the production of energy per module.
Zato je bila pravilna ekonomska odločitev, da odloži kapitalsko intenzivno razširitev svojih proizvodnih zmogljivosti do konca te preiskave in namesto tega začasno uporabi razpoložljive zmogljivosti pogodbenih proizvajalcev.
Given much lesser solar radiation in most parts of the Union, it has to be seen when achieving wholesale grid parity can be replicated in other markets, even though the British government seems to assume that that is soon the case.
Družba Solar World je navedla tudi, da so bili vsi moduli, ki jih je proizvedel njihov partner proizvajalec originalne opreme zunaj Unije, odpremljeni zunaj Unije.
The Commission also observed that there are large differences in the wholesale price in the different Member States, which means that wholesale grid parity comes at different prices depending on the Member State in question.
Tržne informacije so potrdile, da je bila prva polovica leta 2016 obdobje razcveta, druga polovica leta 2016 pa obdobje majhnega povpraševanja, kar je povzročilo nenaden padec cen zaradi presežne ponudbe modulov [127].
Therefore, the Commission took the view that in the near future, wholesale grid parity will not be achieved on a wide-spread basis in the Union, even in the absence of the measures.
V tem okviru se lahko odločitev družbe Solar World, da odpusti delavce, zaposlene za določen čas, šteje za težko odločitev, ki pa je utemeljena na podlagi tržnih razmer.
Following disclosure, several parties disagreed with the Commission's conclusion that wholesale grid parity will not be achieved on a wide-spread basis in the Union in the near future, even if the trade measures expire.
Družba Solar World je zmanjšala tudi količine, ki jih proizvajajo pogodbeni proizvajalci, kolikor je bilo to pogodbeno dovoljeno.
These parties pointed to a 6-page report by the Becquerel Institute which examined the potential for wholesale grid parity in eleven Member States.
Komisija je zato glede na negotovosti in nedavni svetovni cikel vzponov in padcev menila, da je bila odločitev proizvajalca iz Unije, da odloži razširitev zmogljivosti in namesto tega uporabi razpoložljive proizvodne zmogljivosti pogodbenih proizvajalcev, ekonomsko utemeljena in ni kazala, da je proizvodnja v Uniji postala nevzdržna.
This report was financed by three parties to the investigation opposing the measures.
Ugotovitev glede interesa Unije
The Commission observed that other sources are less optimistic than Becquerel Institute on the level of solar LCOE and consequently the timing of the achievement of grid parity by solar energy in Europe.
Komisija je pretehtala in proučila nasprotujoče si interese, da bi ugotovila, ali bi bili negativni učinki na nepovezane uvoznike ter industrije višje in nižje v prodajni verigi ter drugi zgoraj analizirani učinki nesorazmerni v primerjavi s pozitivnim učinkom na proizvajalce izdelka, ki se pregleduje, v Uniji.
For example, the detailed report by BNEF [107], forecasts much higher LCOE ranges for the key markets such as France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom.
V skladu s tretjim stavkom člena 31(1) osnovne uredbe se je zlasti upoštevala potreba po odpravi učinkov škodljivega subvencioniranja, ki izkrivljajo trgovino, in ponovni vzpostavitvi učinkovite konkurence.
The differences are indicated in the table below:
Ključno vodilo je bila ocena verjetnega učinka nadaljnje veljavnosti ukrepov na prihodnje povpraševanje po solarnih modulih v Uniji.
Member State
Če bi ukrepi znatno omejili povpraševanje, bi bilo mogoče trditi, da lahko zaščita razmeroma majhne industrije Unije nesorazmerno vpliva na znatno večje industrije nižje in višje v prodajni verigi.
BNEF LOCE range EUR/MWh [108]
Vendar, kot je bilo ugotovljeno v uvodni izjavi 724, so ukrepi le omejeno vplivali na povpraševanje po solarnih modulih v Uniji.
Becquerel LCOE range EUR/MWh
Razmere se pred sprejetjem nove direktive o spodbujanju uporabe energije iz obnovljivih virov in njenim izvajanjem v državah članicah verjetno ne bodo spremenile.
Low
Glede na to ugotovitev je bilo lažje razumeti trditev glede učinka na delovna mesta.
High
Čeprav lahko ukinitev ukrepov prispeva k ustvarjanju nekaj novih delovnih mest, bi hkrati neposredno ogrozila obstoječa delovna mesta v industriji solarnih celic in modulov v Uniji (približno 8000).
France
Zato ni bila ustrezna zgolj številčna primerjava med sedanjimi delovnimi mesti v industriji Unije in obstoječimi delovnimi mesti v industriji nižje (približno 50000) ali višje v prodajni verigi (približno 5000–10000).
Germany
Glede na to, da je bilo treba po uveljavitvi nekaterih novih pravil v skladu z zakonodajo Unije o državni pomoči spremeniti politike podpore za energijo iz obnovljivih virov in da bodo verjetno dodatno spremenjene, ko sozakonodajalca sprejmeta predlog Komisije za novo direktivo o spodbujanju uporabe energije iz obnovljivih virov, ni mogoče sprejeti mnenja o interesu Unije za obdobje, daljše od 18 mesecev.
Italy
Nekatere ugotovitve kažejo, da lahko imajo ukrepi večji vpliv na povpraševanje v prihodnosti, ko se bo končal prenos politik o podpori za energijo iz obnovljivih virov, razjasnil fiskalni položaj v zvezi z lastno porabo ter dosegla pariteta omrežja v širših delih Evrope in za nekatere skupine potrošnikov.
Becquerel assumed CAPEX costs at 0,726 EUR/W without differentiating between Member States.
Kot je navedeno v uvodnih izjavah 709 in 719, so nova pravila o zasnovi energetskega trga, ki jih je Komisija predlagala 1. decembra 2016 [128], in nova pravila o prehodu na čisto energijo, usmerjenem k odjemalcem, ki jih je Komisija predlagala 30. novembra 2016 [129], pomemben korak k doseganju stabilnega in rasti prijaznega okolja.
BNEF assumed much higher CAPEX and differentiated by Member States: France 0,99 EUR/W; Germany 0,9-0,94 EUR/W, Italy 0,76-0,99 EUR/W and the UK 0,9-0,94 EUR/W.
Komisija se je zato odločila omejiti podaljšanje ukrepov za dodatnih 18 mesecev.
The difference could be explained to some extent by the fact that Becquerel assumed the module prices free of the measures.
Po dodatnem razkritju iz uvodne izjave 33 je Komisija prejela tri vrste pripomb.
However, so much lower CAPEX appears unlikely, especially given that, according to BNEF, CAPEX is anyway lower in the Union than in other countries where trade defence measures do not apply, e.g. Turkey 1,04 EUR/W and the United Arab Emirates 1,14 EUR/W.
Na splošno so proizvajalci iz EU Komisijo pozivali, naj ohrani prvotno obdobje 24 mesecev, in sicer z utemeljitvijo, da je razkriti predlog za zmanjšanje običajnega obdobja s pet na dve leti že pravično upošteval različne interese.
Therefore, Becquerel and BNEF have divergent forecasts.
Nekatere zainteresirane strani iz industrije nižje in višje v prodajni verigi, so se strinjale s skrajšanjem na 18 mesecev, nekatere pa so zagovarjale ukinitev ukrepov.
They disagree about the point in time when building utility scale solar plant will become definitively cheaper than operating an existing fossil fuel plant.
Kitajska vlada je obžalovala dejstvo, da Komisija namerava ohraniti ukrepe, čeprav samo za 18 mesecev.
For France, Becquerel assumes that it has already happened, for the United Kingdom; and Germany Becquerel assumes it will happen in 2018 and in 2020 respectively.
Tako kot nekatere zainteresirane strani iz industrije višje in nižje v prodajni verigi, je tudi kitajska vlada kritizirala dejstvo, da pozneje v besedilu osnutka izvedbenega akta ni bila omenjena takojšnja ukinitev ukrepov.
BNEF, however, assumes that utility-scale solar power will become definitively cheaper than fossil power plants only somewhere between 2025 and 2030 for all the three Member States [109].
Komisija je ugotovila, da lahko imajo ukrepi večji vpliv na povpraševanje v prihodnosti, ko se bo končal prenos politik o podpori za energijo iz obnovljivih virov, razjasnil fiskalni položaj v zvezi z lastno porabo ter dosegla pariteta omrežja v širših delih Evrope in za nekatere skupine potrošnikov.
Consequently, according to BNEF utility scale solar power plants will be deployed on a larger scale only after 2025 in most parts of the Union [110].
To upravičuje, da se ukrepi izjemoma podaljšajo samo za 18 mesecev, po izteku tega obdobja pa bi v skladu s pravili osnovne uredbe, ki se uporabljajo, prenehali veljati.
Finally, the Becquerel report concludes that: ‘PV electricity could become competitive in several of Europe's largest markets by 2019, and in most European countries […] within the five coming years’.
Komisija je na podlagi dokazov, ki so bili na voljo na tej stopnji, menila, da za uravnoteženje verjetnih negativnih učinkov na industrijo višje in nižje v prodajni verigi in potrošnike ter koristi, ki bi jih ukrepi pomenili za industrijo Unije, 18 mesecev predstavlja ustrezen kompromis med nasprotujočimi si interesi.
This means that most of the Member States, including Germany, are expected to achieve grid parity only when the measures are set to expire in 2019, even in the disputed case that the assumptions and findings of the Becquerel report were proven to be correct by then.
Poleg tega je Komisija med pregledom interesov nepovezanih uvoznikov prejela pritožbe glede velikega upravnega bremena, ki jim je naloženo, medtem ko so se proizvajalci v Uniji pritožili glede tekočega izogibanja.
SPE provided two reports by Deutsche Bank [111] which, in their view, opposed the Commission's view that wholesale grid parity would not be achieved in the near future.
Ta vprašanja se lahko obravnavajo v vmesnem pregledu glede oblike ukrepov.
The Commission observed that the two reports actually referred to retail grid parity instead of wholesale grid parity, which is confirmed not only by the text, but also by the high electricity price that is compared against the solar LCOE.
Nazadnje, Komisija je bila seznanjena, da mehanizem prilagoditve minimalne uvozne cene ni sledil strmi krivulji učenja v solarni industriji [130].
As explained in the immediately subsequent recitals, the Commission did not deny that retail grid parity had been already achieved in some parts of the Union.
Sedanji sistem prilagoditve je zato morda evropskim potrošnikom preprečil, da bi izkoristili svetovno povečanje učinkovitosti, zaradi česar bi bilo morda treba to vprašanje ponovno proučiti.
Retail grid parity.
Obravnavati ga je mogoče v vmesnem pregledu glede katerega koli mehanizma prilagoditve, ki ga je mogoče povezati z drugo obliko ukrepa.
The opponents of the measures also submitted that the rooftop solar installations have already achieved retail grid parity, i.e. they became economically viable, even without subsidies, in the Member States where the retail electricity prices are high, such as Germany.
Komisija na splošno ugotavlja, da na podlagi interesa Unije ni utemeljenih razlogov za ukinitev ukrepov.
One of the parties illustrated the point with an example of a commercial centre.
Vendar je sklenila tudi, da je primeren pregled po uradni dolžnosti o vprašanjih, opredeljenih v uvodni izjavi 747.
It has a large rooftop area for the panels to be installed and it needs energy during daytime while the main activity goes on.
PREISKAVA V ZVEZI Z DELNIM VMESNIM PREGLEDOM, KI JE OMEJENA NA PREISKAVO V ZVEZI S TEM, ALI JE V INTERESU UNIJE ALI NE, DA SE OHRANIJO TRENUTNO VELJAVNI UKREPI ZA CELICE
In Germany the price they need to pay for each kWh is currently around EUR 20 cents/kWh, while the LCOE of a rooftop solar installation is around EUR 10 cents/kWh.
Pregled je začela, ker so obstajali dokazi prima facie, ki kažejo, da so se spremenile okoliščine, na podlagi katerih so bili uvedeni prvotni ukrepi.
Therefore, installing the panels can yield significant savings on electricity charges, especially to customers who use a lot of energy during the day.
Zlasti so po prestrukturiranju in konsolidaciji industrije Unije številni proizvajalci celic opustili proizvodnjo.
This has not been the case in the original investigation when solar-generated electricity always required subsidies to be viable.
Zdi se, da je največji del preostale zmogljivosti za proizvodnjo celic v Uniji večinoma namenjen za lastno uporabo pri proizvodnji modulov.
In the situation when the subsidies are no longer relevant, it is the final module price that influences a customer's decision to install solar system and currently this price is increased by the measures.
Prodaja celic industrije Unije nepovezanim uporabnikom je bila zato količinsko zelo omejena, proizvajalci modulov, ki niso vertikalno integrirani, pa so bili odvisni od celic, ki so se dobavljale iz držav zunaj Unije.
The Commission investigated in more detail the market for retail grid parity in Germany, because parties have extensively commented on it during the investigation.
Zato je Komisija menila, da je smiselno proučiti, ali je nadaljnje izvajanje ukrepov za celice še vedno v interesu Unije.
It is necessary to distinguish between installations that are for self-consumption, and installations that feed electricity into the grid.
Interes proizvajalcev celic
The Commission concurred with the view that achieving the grid parity by solar energy is a very desirable development as it helps combatting climate change and reducing consumers' electricity bill.
Komisiji je znanih 12 proizvajalcev celic v Uniji.
It found that removing the measures would reduce the price of solar panels, hence increasing the number of locations at which retail grid parity can be achieved.
Industrijo Unije je zastopalo združenje EU Pro Sun, ki je vložnik v zadevi pregleda zaradi izteka obstoječih izravnalnih ukrepov.
At the same time the Commission found that during the RIP, investments into commercial and residential rooftop installations for self-consumption, which do not benefit from any support scheme, have been hold back by regulatory uncertainty about the inclusion, or not, of those installations into the levy for financing the German support scheme — EEG surcharge.
Združenje EU Pro Sun je zastopalo štiri proizvajalce celic v Uniji.
Following a regulatory change proposed by Germany in order to comply with Union State aid law, the entities which self-consume the power from their renewable energy sources (sometimes called prosumers) are obliged to pay a levy of more than EUR 2 cents per kWh in Germany.
Še dva proizvajalca celic sta izrecno podpirala stališče združenja EU Pro Sun.