natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
At the start of the test a sample of fish from the stock population need to be weighed (and their total length measured).
Poglavje A.8 te Priloge: Porazdelitveni koeficient (n-oktanol/voda): metoda stresanja bučke.
These fish should be sampled shortly before the first spiked feeding (e.g. one hour), and assigned to experimental day 0.
NEKATERE KEMIJSKE LASTNOSTI SPREJEMLJIVE VODE ZA REDČENJE
The number of fish for this sample should be at least the same as that for the samples during the test.
Sestavina
Some of these can be the same fish used for lipid analysis before the start of the uptake phase (cf. paragraph 153).
Mejna koncentracija
At each sampling interval fish are first weighed and their length measured.
delci
In each individual fish the measured weight (and length) should be linked to the analysed chemical concentration (and lipid content, if applicable), for example using a unique identifier code for each sampled fish.
5 mg/l
The measurements of these sampled fish can be used to estimate the weight (and length) of fish remaining in the test and control tanks.
skupni organski ogljik
Experimental Evaluation
2 mg/l
Observations of mortality should be performed and recorded daily.
neionizirani amonijak
Additional observations for adverse effects should be performed, for example for abnormal behaviour or pigmentation, and recorded.
1 μg/l
Fish are considered dead if there is no respiratory movement and no reaction to a slight mechanical stimulus can be detected.
preostali klor
Any dead or clearly moribund fish should be removed.
10 μg/l
Test results are used to derive the depuration rate constant (k2) as a function of the total wet weight of the fish.
skupni organofosforni pesticidi
Growth rate constant, kg, based on mean increase in fish weight is calculated and used to produce the growth-corrected depuration rate constant, k2g, if appropriate.
50 ng/l
In addition, the assimilation efficiency (a; absorption from the gut), the kinetic biomagnification factor (BMFK) (if necessary growth corrected, BMFKg), its lipid-corrected value (BMFKL or BMFKgL, if corrected for growth dilution) and feeding rate should be reported.
skupni organoklorni pesticidi in poliklorirani bifenili
Also, if an estimate of the time to steady-state in the uptake phase can be made (e.g. 95 % of steady-state or t95 = 3,0/k2), an estimate of the steady-state BMF (BMFSS) can be included (cf. paragraphs 105 and 106, and Appendix 5) if the t95 value indicates that steady-state conditions may have been reached.
skupni organski klor
The same lipid correction should be applied to this BMFSS as to the kinetically-derived BMF (BMFK) to give a lipid-corrected value, BMFSSL (note that no agreed procedure is available to correct a steady-state BMF for growth dilution).
25 ng/l
Formulae and example calculations are presented in Appendix 7.
aluminij
Approaches are available that make it feasible to estimate a kinetic bioconcentration factor (BCFK) from data generated in the dietary study.
arzen
This is discussed in Appendix 8.
krom
Individual fish wet weights and lengths for all time periods are tabulated separately for test and control groups for all sampling days during the uptake phase (stock population for start of uptake; control group and test group for end of uptake and, if conducted, the early phase (e.g. day 1-3 of uptake) and depuration phase (e.g. days 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 28, for control and test group).
kobalt
Weight is the preferred measure of growth for growth dilution correction purposes.
baker
See below (paragraphs 162 and 163) and Appendix 5 for the method(s) used to correct data for growth dilution.
železo
Test substance concentration in fish data
svinec
Individual fish test substance residue measurements (or pooled fish samples if individual fish measurements are not possible), expressed in terms of wet weight concentration (w/w), are tabulated for test and control fish for individual sample times.
nikelj
If lipid analysis has been conducted on each sampled fish then individual lipid-corrected concentrations, in terms of lipid concentration (w/w lipid), can be derived and tabulated.
cink
Test substance residue measurements in individual fish (or pooled fish samples if individual fish measurements are not possible, cf. paragraph 66) for the depuration period are converted to their natural logarithms and plotted versus time (day).
kadmij
If a visual inspection of the plot shows obvious outliers, a statistically valid outlier test may be applied to remove spurious data points as well as documented justification for their omission.
100 ng/l
A linear least squares correlation is calculated for the ln(concentration) vs. depuration (day) data.
živo srebro
The slope and intercept of the line are reported as the overall depuration rate constant (k2) and natural logarithm of the derived time zero concentration (C0,d) (cf. Appendix 5 and Appendix 7 for further details).
srebro
Should this not be possible because concentrations fall below the limit of quantification for the second depuration sample, a conservative estimate of k2 can be made (cf. Appendix 7).
VRSTE RIB, PRIPOROČENE ZA PRESKUŠANJE
The variances in the slope and intercept of the line are calculated using standard statistical procedures and the 90 % (or 95 %) confidence intervals around these results evaluated and presented.
Priporočene vrste
The mean measured fish concentration for the final day of uptake (measured time zero concentration, C0,m) is also calculated and compared with the derived value C0,d.
Priporočeno območje preskusnih temperatur (°C)
In case the derived value is lower than the measured value, the difference may suggest the presence of undigested spiked food in the gut.
Priporočena skupna dolžina poskusnih živali (cm) [2]
If the derived value is very much higher than the measured value, this may be an indication that the value derived from the depuration data linear regression is erroneous and should be re-evaluated (see Appendix 7).
(Hamilton-Buchanan) navadna cebrica
Depuration rate and biomagnification factor
(Rafinesque) črnoglavi pisanec
To calculate the biomagnification factor from the data, first the assimilation efficiency (absorption of test substance across the gut, α) should be obtained.
(Linnaeus) krap
To do this, equation A7.1 in Appendix 7 should be used, requiring the derived concentration in fish at time zero of the depuration phase (C0,d), (overall) depuration rate constant (k2), concentration in the food (Cfood), food ingestion rate constant (I) and duration of the uptake period (t) to be known.
(Temminck in Schlegel) medaka
The slope and intercept of the linear relationship between ln(concentration) and depuration time are reported as the overall depuration rate constant (k2 = slope) and time zero concentration (C0,d = eintercept), as above.
(Peters) gupi
The derived values should be checked for biological plausibility (e.g. assimilation efficiency as a fraction is not greater than 1).
(Rafinesque) sončni ostriž
is calculated by dividing the mass of food by the mass of fish fed each day (if fed at 2 % of body weight, (I) will be 0,02).
(Walbaum) šarenka
However, the feeding rate used in the calculation may need to be adjusted for fish growth (this can be done using the known growth rate constant to estimate the fish weight at each time-point during the uptake phase; cf. Appendix 7).
(Linnaeus) zet
In cases where k2 and C0,d cannot be derived because, for example, concentrations fell below the limit of detection for the second depuration sample, a conservative estimate of k2 and an “upper bound” BMFk can be made (cf. Appendix 7).
18–20
Once the assimilation efficiency (α) is obtained, the biomagnification factor can be calculated by multiplying α by the ingestion rate constant (I) and dividing by the (overall) depuration rate constant (k2).
Različne rečne in morske vrste so bile manj uporabljene, na primer:
The growth-corrected biomagnification factor is calculated in the same way but using the growth-corrected depuration rate constant (k2g; cf. paragraphs 162 and 163.
zebrasta grba
An alternative estimate of the assimilation efficiency can be derived if tissue analysis was performed on fish sampled in the early, linear phase of the uptake phase; cf. paragraph 151 and Appendix 7.
ovčjeglavi zobati krapovec
This value represents an independent estimate of assimilation efficiency for an essentially unexposed organism (i.e. the fish are near the beginning of the uptake phase).
gavun
The assimilation efficiency estimated from depuration data is usually used to derive the BMF.
svetlikavi ostriž
Lipid Correction and Growth-Dilution Correction
angleška iverka
Fish growth during the depuration phase can lower measured chemical concentrations in the fish with the effect that the overall depuration rate constant, k2, is greater than would arise from removal processes (e.g. metabolism, egestion) alone (cf. paragraph 72).
(Leptocottus armatus) zet
Lipid contents of test fish (which are strongly associated with the bioaccumulation of hydrophobic substances) and lipid contents of food can vary enough in practice such that their correction is necessary to present biomagnification factors in a meaningful way.
brancin
The biomagnification factor should be corrected for growth dilution (as is the kinetic BCF in the aqueous exposure method) and corrected for the lipid content of the food relative to that of the fish (the lipid-correction factor).
zelenika
Equations and examples for these calculations can be found in Appendix 5 and Appendix 7, respectively.
Sladkovodne ribe, navedene v zgornji preglednici, je preprosto gojiti in/ali so na splošno na voljo celo leto, razpoložljivost morskih in rečnih vrst pa je deloma omejena na posamezne države.
To correct for growth dilution, the growth-corrected depuration rate constant (k2g) should be calculated (see Appendix 5 for equations).
Lahko se razmnožujejo in gojijo v ribogojnicah ali laboratoriju v pogojih, kjer se nadzorujejo bolezni in zajedavci, zato da bodo poskusne živali zdrave in znanega porekla.
This growth-corrected depuration rate constant (k2g) is then used to calculate the growth-corrected biomagnification factor, as in paragraph 73.
Te ribe so na voljo v mnogih predelih sveta.
In some cases this approach is not possible.
Opozoriti je treba, da se v preskusu po možnosti uporablja teža kot merilo za velikost in izpeljave konstant hitrosti rasti.
This can be easily achieved as tests according to this method should link recorded tissue concentrations to individual fish weights.
Vendar je dolžina bolj praktično merilo, če je treba na začetku preskusa ribe izbrati na pogled (tj. iz populacije staleža).
Note that k2 should still be estimated and reported even if this alternative approach is used.
To območje je navedeno v Testing Methods for New Chemical Substances etc.
To correct for the lipid content of the food and fish when lipid analysis has not be conducted on all sampled fish, the mean lipid fractions (w/w) in the fish and in the food are derived [52].
(Preskusne metode za nove kemijske snovi), ki temelji na japonskem zakonu za nadzor kemijskih snovi (CSCL, Chemical Substances Control Law).
The lipid correction factor ( Lc) is then calculated by dividing the fish mean lipid fraction by the mean food lipid fraction.
Teoretični primer časovnega razporeda vzorčenja za celotni preskus vodne izpostavljenosti za ugotavljanje biokoncentracije snovi z log KOW = 4.
The biomagnification factor, growth corrected or not as applicable, is divided by the lipid correction factor to calculate the lipid-corrected biomagnification factor.
Število vodnih vzorcev [1]
If chemical and lipid analyses were conducted on the same fish at each sampling point, then the lipid-corrected tissue data for individual fish may be used to calculate a lipid-corrected BMF directly (cf. (37)).
SKUPAJ
The plot of lipid-corrected concentration data gives C0,d on a lipid basis and k2.
Teoretični primer časovnega razporeda vzorčenja za preskus prehranske bioakumulacije snovi z desetdnevno fazo absorpcije in 42-dnevno fazo očiščenja
Mathematical analysis can then proceed using the same equations in Appendix 7, but assimilation efficiency (a) is calculated using the lipid-normalised food ingestion rate constant (Ilipid) and the dietary concentration on a lipid basis (Cfood-lipid).
Vzorčenje
Lipid corrected parameters are similarly then used to calculate BMF (note that growth rate constant correction should also be applied to the lipid fraction rather than the fish wet weight to calculated the lipid-corrected, growth corrected BMFKgL).
Časovni razpored vzorčenja
The growth rate constants or the growth curves of the two groups should be compared by an appropriate procedure [53]).Test report
Število vzorcev hrane
After termination of the study, a final report is prepared containing the information on Test Substance, Test Species and Test Conditions as listed in paragraph 81 (as for the aqueous exposure method).
Število rib na vzorec
In addition, the following information is required:
Dan faze
Test Substance:
Dodatni vzorci rib?
Any information on stability of the test substance in prepared food;
Preskusna skupina
Substance nominal concentration in food, spiking technique, amount of (lipid) vehicle used in food spiking process (if used), test substance concentration measurements in spiked diet for each analysis (at least in triplicate before study start and at end of uptake) and mean values;
Kontrolna skupina
If used, type and quality of carrier oil or solvent (grade, supplier, etc.) used for food spiking;
Faza absorpcije
Food type employed (proximate analysis [54], grade or quality, supplier, etc.), feeding rate during uptake phase, amount of food administered and frequency (including any adjustments based on sampled fish weight);
3 – preskusna skupina
Time at which fish were collected and euthanised for chemical analysis for each sample point (e.g. one hour before the following day's feeding);
3 – kontrolna skupina [7]
Results from any preliminary study work;
da [10]
Information on any adverse effects observed;
Faza očiščenja
Complete description of all chemical analysis procedures employed including limits of detection and quantification, variability and recovery;
Opomba o časovnih razporedih faz in vzorčenja: Faza absorpcije se začne s prvim hranjenjem s hrano z dodatkom.
Measured lipid concentrations in food (spiked and control diet), individual, mean values and standard deviations;
Vzorčenje med študijo je treba načeloma izvesti malo pred hranjenjem naslednjega dne (tj. približno 23 ur po hranjenju na dan vzorčenja).
Tabulated fish weight (and length) data linked to individual fish, both for control and exposure groups (for example using unique identifiers for each fish) and calculations, derived growth rate constant(s) and 95 % confidence interval(s);
Faza absorpcije se konča malo pred prvim hranjenjem s hrano brez dodatka, ko se začne faza očiščenja (preskusna skupina rib bo verjetno še naprej prebavljala hrano z dodatkom v vmesnih 24 urah po zadnjem hranjenju s hrano z dodatkom).
Tabulated test substance concentration data in fish, mean measured concentration at end of uptake (C0,m), and derived (overall) depuration rate constant (k2) and concentration in fish at start of depuration phase (C0,d) together with the variances in these values (slope and intercept);
To pomeni, je treba vzorec ob koncu faze absorpcije vzeti malo pred prvim hranjenjem s hrano brez dodatka, prvi vzorec v fazi očiščenja pa je treba vzeti približno 23 ur po prvem hranjenju s hrano brez dodatka.
Tabulated fish lipid contents data (listed against specific substance concentrations if applicable), mean values for test group and control at test start, end of uptake and end of depuration;
Vrednosti v oklepajih so števila vzorcev (vode, rib), ki jih je treba vzeti, če se izvede dodatno vzorčenje.
Curves (including all measured data), showing the following (if applicable, concentrations may be expressed in relation to the whole body of the animal or specified tissues thereof):
Ocena k2 pred preskusom za log KOW, ki znaša 4,0, je 0,652 dni– 1.
growth (i.e. fish weight (and length) vs. time) or natural logarithm transformed weight vs. time;
Skupno trajanje preskusa znaša 3 × tSS = 3 × 4,6 dni, tj. 14 dni.
the depuration of the test substance in the fish; and
Za oceno tSS glej Dodatek 5.
natural logarithm transformed concentration (ln concentration) vs. depuration time (including the derived depuration rate constant k2, and natural logarithm derived concentration in fish at start of depuration phase, C0,d).
Vodo je treba vzorčiti po najmanj treh zamenjanih prostorninah v komori.
Calculated growth-corrected depuration rate constant and growth-corrected half-life.
Te ribe se vzorčijo iz populacije staleža.
Calculated assimilation efficiency (α).
Če je treba izvesti študije z večjo natančnostjo ali študije metabolizma, ki zahtevajo več rib, je treba te vzorčiti zlasti ob koncu faze absorpcije in očiščenja (prim. odstavek 40).
“Raw” dietary BMF, lipid and growth-dilution corrected kinetic BMF (“raw” and lipid-corrected based on whole fish wet weight), tissue-specific BMF if applicable.
Za analizo vsebnosti lipidov bodo potrebne vsaj tri dodatne ribe, če ni mogoče uporabiti istih rib, ki so bile vzorčene za koncentracije snovi na začetku preskusa ter ob koncu faze absorpcije in očiščenja.
Substance Depuration Rate constants and Biomagnification Factors (BMFK)
Opozoriti je treba, da se v mnogih primerih lahko uporabijo samo tri kontrolne ribe (prim. odstavek 56).
Insert Value (95 % CI) [55]
Trije vzorci hrane iz kontrolne in preskusne skupine, analizirani glede koncentracij preskusne snovi in vsebnosti lipidov.
k2 (overall depuration rate constant, day– 1):
Ribe se vzorčijo iz populacije staleža čim bližje začetku študije; vsaj tri ribe iz populacije staleža je treba na začetku preskusa vzorčiti za vsebnost lipidov.
Insert Value (95 % CI)
(Izbirno) vzorčenje v zgodnji fazi absorpcije zagotovi podatke za izračun prehranske asimilacije preskusne snovi, ki jo je mogoče primerjati z učinkovitostjo asimilacije, ki se izračuna iz podatkov o fazi očiščenja.
C0,m (measured time zero concentration, the concentration in fish at end of uptake) (μg/g):
Vzorči se lahko pet dodatnih rib za analizo določenega tkiva.
Insert Value ± SD [56]
Opozoriti je treba, da se v mnogih primerih lahko uporabijo samo tri kontrolne ribe (prim. odstavka 56 in 153).
C0,d (derived time zero concentration of depuration phase; μg/g):
SPLOŠNI IZRAČUNI
I (set feed ingestion rate; g food/g fish/day):
Uvod
Ig (effective feeding rate, adjusted for growth; g food/g fish/day) [56]:
Napoved trajanja faze absorpcije
Cfood (chemical concentration in the food; μg/g):
Napoved trajanja faze očiščenja
α (substance assimilation efficiency):
Zaporedna metoda: določitev konstante hitrosti očiščenja (izgube) k2
BMFK (kinetic dietary BMF):
Zaporedna metoda: določitev konstante hitrosti absorpcije k1 (samo za metodo vodne izpostavljenosti)
BMFKg (growth-corrected kinetic dietary BMF):
Sočasna metoda za izračun konstant hitrosti absorpcije in očiščenja (izgube) (samo za metodo vodne izpostavljenosti)
t1/2g (growth-corrected half-life in days):
Popravek glede na razredčitev zaradi rasti za kinetični BKF in BMF
Lc (lipid correction factor):
Normalizacija lipidov na 5-odstotno vsebnost lipidov (samo za metodo vodne izpostavljenosti)
BMFKgL (lipid-corrected growth-corrected kinetic BMF):
Splošni model vodne bioakumulacije v ribah se lahko opiše v smislu procesov absorpcije in izgube, pri čemer se zanemari absorpcija s hrano.
BMFSS-L (indicative lipid-corrected steady-state BMF) [56]:
Diferencialna enačba (dCf/dt), ki opisuje hitrost spremembe v koncentraciji v ribah (mg·kg–1·dan–1), je (1):
Chapter C.13 of this Annex, Bioconcentration: Flow-through Fish Test.
[enačba A5.1]
Chapter A.6 of this Annex, Water Solubility
pri čemer
Chapter A.8 of this Annex, Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): Shake Flask Method.
konstanta hitrosti prvega reda za absorpcijo v ribah (l kg–1·dan–1).
Chapter A.24 of this Annex, Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water), HPLC Method.
konstanta hitrosti prvega reda za očiščenje v ribah (dan–1).
Chapter A.23 of this Annex, Partition Coefficient (1-Octanol/Water): Slow-Stirring Method.
konstanta hitrosti prvega reda za rast rib („razredčitev zaradi rasti“) (dan–1)
Chapter C.7 of this Annex, Hydrolysis as a Function of pH.
konstanta hitrosti prvega reda za metabolično transformacijo (dan–1)
Chapter A.5 of this Annex, Surface Tension of Aqueous Solutions.
konstanta hitrosti prvega reda za izločanje iztrebkov (dan–1)
Chapter A.4 of this Annex, Vapour Pressure.
koncentracija v vodi (mg·l–1).
Chapter C.4 of this Annex, Ready Biodegradability.
koncentracija v ribah (mg·kg–1 mokre teže).
Chapter C.29 of this Annex, Ready Biodegradability — CO2 in sealed vessels
Za bioakumulacijske snovi se lahko pričakuje, da je tehtano povprečje v določenem časovnem intervalu (TWA, time-weighted average) najustreznejša koncentracija izpostavljenosti v vodi (Cw) v dovoljenem območju odstopanja (prim. odstavek 24).
SAR QSAR Environ.
Priporočeno je, da se tehtano povprečje koncentracije v vodi v določenem časovnem intervalu izračuna v skladu s postopkom iz Dodatka 6 preskusne metode C.20 (2).
Res. 1: 29-39.
Opozoriti je treba, da je pretvorba koncentracije v vodi v naravni logaritem ustrezna, ko se pričakuje eksponentno upadanje med obdobji obnavljanja, npr. pri polstatičnem načrtu preskusa.
Ecotoxicological environmental risk limits for total petroleum hydrocarbons on the basis of internal lipid concentrations.
Pri pretočnem sistemu morda ni potrebna pretvorba koncentracij izpostavljenosti v naravni logaritem.
Chapter C.47 of this Annex, Fish, Early-Life Stage Toxicity Test.
Če se izpelje tehtano povprečje koncentracij v vodi v določenem časovnem intervalu, jih je treba navesti v poročilu in uporabiti v nadaljnjih izračunih.
Chapter C.15 of this Annex, Fish, Short-term Toxicity Test on Embryo and Sac-Fry Stages
V standardnem preskusu BKF na ribah se lahko absorpcija in očiščenje opišeta v smislu dveh procesov kinetike prvega reda.
Chapter C.14 of this Annex, Fish, Juvenile Growth Test.
Hitrost absorpcije = k1 × Cw
OECD (2012), OECD Environmental Health and Safety Publications Series on Testing and Assessment No. 175: Part I — Validation Report of a ring test for the OECD TG 305 dietary exposure bioaccumulation fish test.
[enačba A5.2]
DEFINITIONS AND UNITS:
Skupna hitrost izgube = (k2 + kg + km + ke) × Cf
The assimilation efficiency (α) is a measure of the relative amount of substance absorbed from the gut into the organism (α is unitless, but it is often expressed as a percentage rather than a fraction).
[enačba A5.3]
Bioaccumulation is generally referred to as a process in which the substance concentration in an organism achieves a level that exceeds that in the respiratory medium (e.g. water for a fish or air for a mammal), the diet, or both (1).
V stacionarnem stanju in ob predvidevanju, da sta rast in metabolizem zanemarljiva (tj. vrednosti za kg in km ni mogoče ločiti od nič), je hitrost absorpcije enaka hitrosti očiščenja, zato se z združitvijo enačb A5.2 in A5.3 dobi naslednje razmerje:
Bioconcentration is the increase in concentration of the test substance in or on an organism (or specified tissues thereof) relative to the concentration of test substance in the surrounding medium.
[enačba A5.4]
The bioconcentration factor (BCF or KB) at any time during the uptake phase of this accumulation test is the concentration of test substance in/on the fish or specified tissues thereof (Cf as mg/kg) divided by the concentration of the substance in the surrounding medium (Cw as mg/l).
koncentracija v ribah v stacionarnem stanju (mg kg–1 mokre teže).
BCF is expressed in l·kg– 1.
koncentracija v vodi v stacionarnem stanju (mg l–1).
Please note that corrections for growth and/or a standard lipid content are not accounted for.
Razmerje k1/k2 je znano kot kinetični BKF (BKFK) in mora biti enako stacionarnemu BKF (BKFSS), ki se pridobi iz razmerja med stacionarno koncentracijo v ribah in to v vodi, vendar lahko pride do odstopanj, če stacionarno stanje ni bilo zagotovo doseženo ali če je bil kinetični BKF popravljen glede na rast.