natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Several other upstream operators came forward only at a very late stage with short submissions.
Vpliv ukrepov na velike omrežne solarne sisteme
The Commission could not properly verify the impact of the measures on the other upstream operators.
V skladu z novimi pravili o državni pomoči [69] morajo do začetka leta 2017 sheme podpore temeljiti na „tržnih mehanizmih“ za vse velike naprave nad 1 MW [70], razen če so sheme podpore odobrene pred začetkom veljavnosti novih pravil.
In any case, the Commission had found that the measures had only a limited impact on the demand for solar modules and consequently the Union sales and profitability of other upstream operators.
V tem primeru lahko ostanejo nespremenjene do konca obdobja odobritve [71].
Conclusion on the interest of unrelated importers, downstream and upstream industries
Tržni mehanizmi so zeleni certifikati in konkurenčni razpisni postopki.
The Commission acknowledged the basic assumption of the unrelated importers, downstream and upstream industries that the lapse of the measures may be beneficial for the turnover and the number of jobs in these industries.
Konkurenčni razpisni postopki so eden od tržnih mehanizmov, določenih v teh novih pravilih o državni pomoči.
It can thus be concluded that prolongation of measures is not in their interest.
V skladu s takim mehanizmom dajo vlade količino zmogljivosti, ki jo želijo namestiti, na dražbo.
However, at the same time the Commission found that the impact of the measures and the likely effect of terminating them on these economic operators and new installations in the Union were substantially overstated in most of the submissions by the companies opposing the measures, as analysed in detail in the Section 5.3 below.
V skladu s pravili Unije o državni pomoči so konkurenčni razpisni postopki načeloma tehnološko nevtralni, vendar so lahko tudi tehnološko specifični, kadar se to na primer zahteva za zagotovitev potrebne raznolikosti energetskih virov.
With respect of the alleged administrative burden arising from the undertaking an interim review on the form of the measures could be initiated to better protect the interests of the unrelated importers and the downstream operators.
Razvijalci solarnih parkov dajo ponudbo za najnižjo ceno, za katero se dogovorijo, da se bo plačala za energijo, ki jo bodo dovajali v omrežje v življenjski dobi solarnega parka.
Several parties contended that the Commission did not take into account the interest of the consumers.
Nasprotniki ukrepov trdijo, da bo imela minimalna uvozna cena v okviru novega cenovno občutljivega sistema konkurenčnih razpisnih postopkov vse večji negativni učinek na uporabo solarnih sistemov, ker zvišuje ceno modulov, ki so njihovi glavni sestavni deli.
The Commission considered that their interests in lower prices overlap with the interests of downstream users assessed in Section 5.2.3.
Po navedbah teh strani lahko javni razpisi za zmogljivosti skupaj z ukinitvijo ukrepov prinesejo znatne prihranke.
The Commission therefore did not undertake a separate analysis for consumers.
Cenejši kot so solarni sistemi, bolj so morda vlade pripravljene namestiti solarne naprave, saj se bodo prihranki stroškov neposredno izrazili v končni ceni električne energije.
Following disclosure, SAFE provided a more detailed submission analysing the impact of measures on German electricity consumers.
Poleg tega bo znižanje cene solarnih sistemov državam članicam olajšalo doseganje ciljev glede uporabe energije iz obnovljivih virov.
The SAFE study concluded that the removal of the measures could save German electricity consumers approx.
Te strani so kot primer navedle Nemčijo.
EUR 570 million a year under the assumption that modules could be purchased at EUR 0,40 to 0,45/W and that an annual target of 2500 MW would be achieved.
Negativni učinek ukrepov na rezultat javnih razpisov je priznan tudi v zadnji svetovni tržni napovedi agencije Solar Power Europe [72].
In addition, Wacker contended that the termination of the measures could save consumers EUR 1 billion a year.
Neka druga stran je predpostavljala, da lahko cena sončne energije v Nemčiji glede na trenutni trend zniževanja na svetovnih trgih v primeru odprave ukrepov pade na 5 centov/kWh, vendar ni utemeljila svojih ugotovitev.
This figure was calculated by comparing the difference between the MIP and the assumed price of solar modules of EUR 0,42/W in the past and the expected price of EUR 0,32/W in 2017.
Strani, ki so nasprotovale ukrepom, so navedle, da mora sončna energija v nekaterih jurisdikcijah, zlasti v Združenem kraljestvu, konkurirati drugim oblikam energije iz obnovljivih virov, kot so vetrne elektrarne na kopnem.
The Commission found that the above calculations are based on too simplistic assumptions.
Ker za vetrno energijo ne veljajo trgovinski ukrepi, ji sončna energija ni mogla konkurirati, zato je bilo prek teh dražb izvedenih zelo malo projektov sončne energije.
First, the MIP was equipped with an adjustment mechanism.
Nekatere strani so trdile, da je Nemčija razmišljala tudi o uvedbi tehnološko nevtralnih javnih razpisov in da taki nevtralni javni razpisi dodatno poslabšujejo negativne učinke višjih cen, ki jih povzročajo ukrepi, saj sončna energija v javnih razpisih neuspešno konkurira drugim obnovljivim tehnologijam, zlasti vetrni.
Therefore, for most of the period considered the gap between the MIP and an average global module purchase price was not that large.
Strani, ki so podprle ukrepe, so navedle, da so bili javni razpisi in splošni cilji namestitve solarnih naprav uvedeni ravno zato, da bi se vladam omogočil nadzor nad ravnjo uporabe solarnih sistemov ter da bi se preprečili cikli vzponov in padcev, do katerih je prišlo v preteklosti.
A larger gap between the two opened only in 2016.
Komisija je svojo analizo shem podpore za velike omrežne solarne sisteme omejila na Nemčijo, Francijo in Združeno kraljestvo.
This gap was closed at least partially by the latest adjustment of the MIP that became effective at the beginning of 2017.
To odločitev utemeljuje dejstvo, da so te države v OPP letno zajemale približno 80 % novih solarnih naprav v Uniji.
In order to avoid a too large difference between the MIP and the global module purchase price in the future and further reduce the impact of the measures on the consumers, the Commission intends to open an interim review on the form and the level of the MIP.
Zato je bilo primerno proučiti gibanja v teh treh državah kot približek za stanje v celotni Uniji.
It should be noted that it is not possible as part of the present expiry review to amend the level of measures, as this necessitates an interim review.
Analiza temelji na informacijah, ki so jih predložile zainteresirane strani, informacijah, ki jih je Komisija zbrala med preiskavo, in informacijah, ki so jih države članice predložile Komisiji zaradi nadzora državnih pomoči.
Second, the prices used by the parties in their calculations relate to multi-silicon modules in the lower quality range.
Nemčija in Francija sta že določili svoje cilje za naslednja tri leta.
A large proportion of the modules sold in the Union, though, are high-efficiency multi-silicon and mono-silicon modules.
Francija v obdobju 2017–2019 za sončno energijo načrtuje dva kroga javnih razpisov letno po 500 MW.
Their prices are considerably higher and therefore the gap between the MIP, which applies without distinction to all modules, and the actual purchase price was even smaller.
To skupaj pomeni 1000 MW novonameščenih solarnih naprav letno.
Therefore, the Commission considered that the measures had only a very limited impact on the finances of the consumers and solar deployment.
Nemčija v obdobju od leta 2017 do vsaj leta 2020 načrtuje javne razpise za 600 MW sončne energije letno.
Several parties also claimed that the MIP, increasing the price of modules, is responsible for the failure to achieve annual solar deployment targets in Germany.
Združeno kraljestvo pa po drugi strani nima tehnološko specifičnih javnih razpisov za sončno energijo.
The Commission was not convinced about this mono-causal link.
Februarja 2015 se je izvedel javni razpis, ki je obsegal več tehnologij in v katerem so sončni moduli konkurirali drugim tehnologijam za oddajo pogodb na razliko („CFD“).
The gap between the MIP and an average selling price was smaller than assumed by the parties, and the measures did not affect significantly the demand.
Za zdaj se v Združenem kraljestvu ne načrtujejo novi javni razpisi, ker vlada meni, da lahko vetrna energija, pridobljena na kopnem, in sončna energija, ki se dobavljata v omrežje, konkurirata drugim virom električne energije brez shem podpore.
Accordingly, Commission also concluded that the MIP did not have a significant impact on the non-achievement of the solar deployment targets.
Kar zadeva Nemčijo in Francijo, ukrepi ne morejo imeti nobenega učinka na povpraševanje omrežnih sistemov po solarnih modulih, saj ima sončna energija „rezervirane“ javne razpise, zmogljivost pa je določena.
Impact of the measures on the demand for solar installations
Edina razlika je malo višja cena za končne potrošnike, ki morajo z davki ali dajatvami kriti stroške javnega razpisa.
Virtually all parties who came forward opposing the measures claimed that the measures increase the price of new solar installations and depress the demand for solar modules, making solar generated energy more expensive to consumers.
Vendar ukrepi niso povzročili nekonkurenčnosti sončne energije.
While some admitted that the decline of solar installations in the Union is also due to the modifications and, in certain Member States, suspension or termination of support schemes, they considered that the measures cause artificially high prices and slow down solar deployment even more.
Na javnem razpisu februarja 2015 je bilo 18,5 % skupne zmogljivosti v količini 2,1 GW dodeljene sončni energiji.
They claimed that recent policy changes such as an introduction of competitive tenders for new solar installations exacerbate the damage caused by higher prices of modules due to the measures in place.
Ta javni razpis kaže, da lahko sončna energija kljub veljavnim ukrepom uspešno konkurira na javnem razpisu, ki ni tehnološko specifičen [73].
In their view, the termination of measures would enable cost reductions for solar power in the Union, benefiting end-consumers, stimulating the demand for solar panels and reducing the cost of clean energy provision as a whole.
V najslabšem primeru bi lahko ukrepi nekoliko zmanjšali delež sončne energije v rezultatih javnih razpisov, tj. sončna energija bi lahko dobila večji delež tehnološko nevtralnih javnih razpisov, če ne bi veljali ukrepi.
The Commission identified three segments within the Union solar market:
Nazadnje, Komisija je menila, bi v primeru, da bi se odpravili ukrepi in bi se solarni moduli kupovali po dampinških cenah, večtehnološki javni razpisi sončnim modulom zagotovili nepravično prednost pred drugimi obnovljivimi viri energije.
Large utility-scale solar systems (or parks), which are usually mounted on the ground, have the installed capacity exceeding 1 MW, and are usually connected to a high-voltage transmission grid to which they feed the electricity they generate;
Zato ukrepi ne postavljajo sončne energije v slabši konkurenčen položaj, temveč le ponovno ustvarjajo enake konkurenčne pogoje za vse tehnologije.
Commercial solar systems (or installations), which are usually mounted on the rooftop of a user's building.
Komisija je sklenila, da ni bilo povezave med zniževanjem cen na kWh in povečanim povpraševanjem po sončni energiji.
The user is a commercial entity (for example a supermarket or a warehouse) and the system is connected to a low-voltage distribution grid.
Zlasti Nemčija, Francija in Združeno kraljestvo niso povečali svojih ciljev uporabe solarnih sistemov, ker so razvijalci projektov na dražbe zmogljivosti dajali nižje ponudbe.
Commercial installations can be used for self-consumption or feeding electricity to the grid;
Dejansko so države članice javne razpise uvedle predvsem, da bi nadzirale raven uporabe solarnih sistemov.
Residential solar systems (or installations), which are usually mounted on the rooftops of private houses and have capacity that usually does not exceed 10 kW.
To je potrdilo tudi združenje SPE v svojih svetovnih napovedih za leto 2015: „Podobno se povečuje tudi število eno- in večtehnoloških javnih razpisov v Franciji, Združenem kraljestvu in Nemčiji, da bi se bolje nadziral razvoj fotonapetostnega trga v povezanih segmentih [74].“
Residential installations are generally connected to a low-voltage distribution grid and can be used for self-consumption or feeding electricity to the grid.
Združenje SPE je trdilo, da je Komisija podala nepopolno in celo netočno sliko njegovega stališča o vplivu ukrepov na javne razpise.
The Commission considered that, in the RIP and the preceding years, the demand in all three segments was driven by the support schemes as set out in Section 5.3.2 below.
Komisija je potrdila, da je združenje SPE v svojem dokumentu Global Market Outlook (Svetovne tržne napovedi) za leto 2016 in več drugih predložitvah trdilo, da je po njegovem mnenju minimalna uvozna cena negativno vplivala na rezultat javnih razpisov.
The Commission also considered that, at the end of the RIP and in the year 2016, important changes took place and the demand for the three segments became increasingly driven by separate forces.
Vendar se Komisija ni strinjala s tem stališčem, kot je podrobno navedeno zgoraj.
The demand for large utility scale solar parks is increasingly driven by tenders as set out in Section 5.3.3, and possibly to a very small degree by grid parity.
Hkrati je Komisija ugotovila, da je združenje Solar Power Europe v svojem dokumentu Global Market Outlook 2016–2020 še vedno menilo, da vlade javne razpise lahko uporabijo za nadzor ali celo omejitev uporabe sončne energije: „Politični voditelji dobavljene solarne sisteme pogosto raje vidijo na strehah, kjer izrivajo vse druge tehnologije obnovljivih virov energije in – za razliko od talnih fotonapetostnih elektrarn – ne konkurirajo drugim vrstam uporabe.
The demand for commercial and residential installations is increasingly driven by the achievement of retail grid parity, both with and absent taxes as set out in Section 5.3.4.
To zlasti velja za evropske države, kjer so izvedbeni razpisi talne fotonapetostne sisteme včasih celo omejili glede velikosti – v Nemčiji na primer do 10 MW – in tudi glede obsega [75].“
The impact of modifications and, in certain Member States, suspension or termination of support schemes
Učinek ukrepov na doseganje paritete omrežja za sončno energijo
The opponents of the measures claimed that the MIP had prevented solar products to follow the cost learning curve, while the level of State aid had adjusted to that learning curve.
Izraz pariteta omrežja pomeni točko v času, ko se s tehnologijo v razvoju proizvede električna energija z enakimi stroški kot s konvencionalnimi tehnologijami.
This mismatch between falling State aid and stagnating prices caused in their view the demand for solar panels in the Union to fall.
Obstajata dve obliki paritete omrežja.
In their view, the Commission's expectation expressed in the original regulation that the support schemes will be adjusted over time in line with the development of prices for projects [60] did not materialise.
Veleprodajna pariteta omrežja pomeni, da lahko solarni sistem (običajno velik omrežni sistem, povezan s prenosnim/distribucijskim omrežjem) proizvede energijo po izravnanih stroških električne energije (levelised cost of electricity – „LCOE“) [76], ki so nižji od nakupne cene energije na veleprodajnem trgu, kjer tekmujejo vsi glavni (običajno konvencionalni) proizvajalci energije.
Consequently, all upstream and downstream companies are severely suffering from the Union market contraction.
Na veleprodajni ravni se energija proda zelo velikim industrijskim strankam in javnim službam, ki energijo distribuirajo gospodinjstvom in drugim manjšim končnim uporabnikom.
They submitted that this finding is acknowledged, inter alia, in a study by the German Ministry of Economy and Energy (‘BMWi’) [61].
Maloprodajna pariteta omrežja pomeni, da lahko solarni sistem (običajno nameščen na streho uporabnikove stavbe) proizvede energijo po LCOE, ki so nižji od stroška maloprodajne cene električne energije (vključno z vsemi pristojbinami za prenos in distribucijo, pribitkom za javne službe in davki).
These parties claimed that while the MIP has remained fairly stable since 2013, the solar industry has continued to achieve the learning curve of 21 % [62].
Komisija je najprej analizirala razmere za veleprodajno, nato pa še za maloprodajno pariteto omrežja.
Such a learning curve means that with each doubling of cumulative solar installed capacity, the cost of production goes down by 21 %.
Veleprodajna pariteta omrežja.
This means that it has doubled by now and the predicted cost of production went down by 21 %.
V skladu s poslovnim načrtom, ki ga je predstavil eden od članov združenja SAFE, bi lahko dosegli LCOE v višini 3,8 centa/kWh v španski regiji Cadiz, če bi kupili module po 0,35 EUR/W.
They submitted that the MIP was 30 % above the world contract selling price at some point in 2016 as reported by PV Insights and other sources.
Ta stran je menila, da bi lahko za projekt, ki bi bil dokončan v začetku leta 2017, od kitajskih proizvajalcev prvega reda dobila module po ceni 0,35 EUR/W za posle, ki vključujejo velike količine, in brez dajatev.
This means, in their view, that the European consumer has been effectively excluded from taking the advantage of the worldwide decrease in the cost of production.
Trdili so, da s tako nizkimi LCOE sončna energija doseže pariteto omrežja glede na druge konvencionalne vire energije, poleg tega pa je v zelo bližnji prihodnosti ne more premagati noben drug način proizvodnje električne energije.
In light of the above arguments, the Commission acknowledged that the solar industry has a steep learning curve and the cost of solar production has been going down.
Ta stroškovna prednost jim skupaj z drugimi prednostmi južnoevropskih držav, tj. dobrimi omrežnimi povezavami, stabilnim političnim in gospodarskim okoljem ter močno in likvidno valuto, zagotavlja edinstveno možnost, da zavzamejo vodilno mesto v proizvodnji energije v Evropi.
For this reason the undertaking/MIP has been equipped with an adjustment mechanism based on prices quoted by one of the market intelligence agencies, Bloomberg.
Po navedbah teh strani jim ukrepi to preprečujejo.
The prices in a competitive market are supposed to reflect the decreases in the cost of production.
Komisija je ugotovila, da ima španska regija Cadiz eno od najboljših sončnih sevanj v Uniji (največ sončnih ur v letu), kar zagotavlja največjo možno proizvodnjo energije na modul.
Nonetheless, the price index that the Commission has been using changed only marginally.
Ker je sončno sevanje v večini delov Unije mnogo manjše, je treba ugotoviti, kdaj se lahko veleprodajna pariteta omrežja doseže tudi na drugih trgih, čeprav se zdi, da britanska vlada domneva, da se bo to kmalu zgodilo.
This raises the question — which has not been analysed by the Commission in this investigation — whether the Bloomberg index still adequately reflects the evolution of world market price.
Komisija je ugotovila tudi, da se veleprodajna cena med različnimi državami članicami močno razlikuje, kar pomeni, da se veleprodajna pariteta omrežja dosega ob različnih cenah, odvisno od zadevne države članice.
As this an expiry review, that cannot change the level or the form of measures, there was also no need to examine that matter further.
Zato meni, da veleprodajna pariteta omrežja v bližnji prihodnosti širše v Uniji ne bo dosežena, tudi če ukrepi ne bodo veljali.
If the interested parties consider that there is a better way to reflect the solar industry's learning curve and the resulting evolution of world market price in the level of the measures, an interim review can be opened at their request.
Po razkritju se več strani ni strinjalo s sklepom Komisije, da veleprodajna pariteta omrežja v bližnji prihodnosti ne bo dosežena širše v Uniji, tudi če bodo ukrepi nehali veljati.
The Commission's analysis of the study by the BMWi quoted above revealed the main reason for failing to achieve the target of 2500 MW of new installations in Germany in 2014 were the steadily declining rates of remuneration, coupled with stagnating prices for installations.
Te strani so opozorile na 6 strani dolgo poročilo inštituta Becquerel, ki je preučil možnosti za veleprodajno pariteto omrežja v enajstih državah članicah.
That study also pointed out that the prices in the solar market did not necessarily reflect solar production costs, but resulted from significant global overcapacities.
To poročilo so financirale tri strani v preiskavi, ki so nasprotovale ukrepom.
The Commission found that the wholesale solar prices stagnated not only in the Union, but worldwide.
Komisija je ugotovila, da so glede ravni izravnanih stroškov sončne električne energije in posledično časovnice dosege paritete omrežja s sončno energijo v Evropi drugi viri manj optimistični kot inštitut Becquerel.
Actually global prices of solar modules denominated in the euro even increased in the second half of 2014, as reported by several market intelligence agencies such as PV Insights [63] and BNEF [64].
Podrobno poročilo BNEF [77] tako napoveduje znatno večji razpon izravnalnih stroškov električne energije na ključnih trgih, kot so Francija, Nemčija, Italija in Združeno kraljestvo.
The Commission also found that support schemes were at a high level in certain Member States in the years preceding the measures as they were adjusted to the level of the Union prices and prices from other third countries, such as Japan, Taiwan or the United States of America.
Te razlike so prikazane v spodnji tabeli:
Some of the support systems were not designed to cope with a massive influx of modules form China at dumped prices.
Država članica
Such an influx caused an installation boom in the years preceding the measures.
Razpon izravnalnih stroškov električne energije EUR/MWh po BNEF [78]
The solar installations peaked in 2011 and at that time the solar deployment targets were significantly exceeded in certain Member States.
Razpon izravnalnih stroškov električne energije EUR/MWh po inštitutu Becquerel
The Commission's Renewable Energy Progress Report from June 2015 states that at technology level, photovoltaic (i.e. solar power) has already reached the initially planned 2020 deployment levels as early as in 2013 [65].
spodnja meja
The policy reaction was a reduction in the level of support, or even a suspension and/or modification of the support scheme.
Francija
Those changes were also necessary for installations already installed where otherwise, the support would have led to an overcompensation of the investors [66].
Nemčija
The evolution of the solar UK market in 2014-2016 serves yet as another piece of evidence that the level of the support schemes has been the main driver of the demand in the Union.
Italija
As long as there were high feed-in tariffs available the market was booming, even if the trade defence measures were in place.
Becquerel je za vse države članice predpostavil naložbe v osnovna sredstva (CAPEX) v enaki višini, tj. 0,726 EUR/W.
Once the feed-in tariffs were discontinued at the beginning of 2016, the volume of new installations collapsed.
BNEF je predpostavil precej višje naložbe v osnovna sredstva in sicer različno glede na državo članico: v Franciji 0,99 EUR/W, v Nemčiji 0,9–0,94 EUR/W, v Italiji 0,76–0,99 EUR/W in v Združenem kraljestvu 0,9–0,94 EUR/W.
This is also acknowledged in the SPE's Global Outlook: A European latecomer, the UK's recent solar boom was also primarily triggered by incentives for utility-scale systems, which ended in March 2016 [67].
Razliko je mogoče delno pojasniti z dejstvom, da je Becquerel predvidel cene modulov brez ukrepov.