natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Mono-crystalline and multi-crystalline products are priced differently and the main price indexes such as PV Insights and Energy Trend PV quote separate prices for mono- and multi-crystalline cells and modules.
Monokristalni in polikristalni izdelki imajo različno ceno, v glavnih indeksih cen, kot sta PV Insights in Energy Trend PV, pa so ponujene posebne cene za mono- in polikristalne celice in module.
Mono-crystalline products are consistently more expensive as they have higher output per area of space.
Monokristalni izdelki so dosledno dražji, saj imajo večji izkoristek na območje površine.
According to the price quotes by PV Insights [20], between 1 January 2014 and 31 March 2017 the average price difference between mono-crystalline and multi-crystalline modules was EUR 0,047/W and between multi-crystalline and mono-crystalline cells was EUR 0,040/W.
Povprečna razlika v ceni med monokristalnimi in polikristalnimi moduli glede na cene, ki jih je med 1. januarjem 2014 in 31. marcem 2017 ponujal PV Insights [20], je znašala 0,047 EUR/W, med monokristalnimi in polikristalnimi celicami pa 0,040 EUR/W.
The distinction between mono-crystalline and multi-crystalline products also fits into the reasoning brought forward in the expiry review investigations to strike an appropriate balance between competing interests.
Razlika med monokristalnimi in polikristalnimi izdelki se prav tako ujema z obrazložitvijo iz preiskav v zvezi s pregledom zaradi izteka ukrepa, da je treba doseči ustrezno ravnovesje med nasprotujočimi si interesi.
On the one hand, it will better protect the Union industry, which is increasingly focusing on manufacturing high-end mono-crystalline products for the rooftop sector.
Po eni strani se bo bolje zaščitila industrija Unije, ki se čedalje bolj usmerja v proizvodnjo vrhunskih monokristalnih izdelkov za sektor strešnih kritin.
On the other hand, such a distinction will serve better the interests of unrelated importers and engineering, procurement and construction companies (EPCs) active in the utility-scale sector, which need access to cheap commodity type multi-crystalline modules to be able to compete with other renewable energy sources in technology neutral tenders.
Po drugi strani pa bo tako razlikovanje bolj koristilo interesom nepovezanih uvoznikov in družb, ki izvajajo dobavo, inženirske in gradbene storitve, dejavnih v omrežnem sektorju, ki potrebujejo dostop do poceni polikristalnih modulov, podobnih primarnemu izdelku, da bi lahko konkurirali drugim obnovljivim virom energije na tehnološko nevtralnih javnih razpisih.
Mono-crystalline and multi-crystalline cells can be easily distinguished by customs authorities.
Carinski organi zlahka razlikujejo med monokristalnimi in polikristalnimi celicami.
Multi-crystalline cells are made of multi-crystalline silicon (multi-Si) consisting of small crystals.
Polikristalne celice so izdelane iz polikristalnega silicija, sestavljenega iz majhnih kristalov.
Mono-crystalline cells are made of mono-crystalline silicon (mono-Si), a continuous crystal.
Monokristalne celice so izdelane iz monokristalnega silicija, tj. urejene kristalne mreže.
Mono- and multi-crystalline cells are never combined in one device, therefore there are no modules that are made with both mono- and multi-crystalline cells.
Mono- in polikristalne celice niso nikoli združene v eni napravi, zato ne obstajajo moduli, narejeni hkrati iz mono- in polikristalnih celic.
Multi-crystalline modules are made exclusively of multi-crystalline cells; and mono-crystalline modules are made exclusively of mono-crystalline cells.
Polikristalni moduli so izdelani izključno iz polikristalnih celic, monokristalni moduli pa izključno iz monokristalnih celic.
Mono-crystalline products have higher efficiency of converting sunlight into electrical current, which results in a higher output per area of space.
Monokristalni izdelki so učinkovitejši pri pretvorbi sončne energije v električni tok, zato je izkoristek na območje površine večji.
Mono-crystalline products can be identified from multi-crystalline products by physical inspection.
Od polikristalnih izdelkov jih je mogoče ločiti s fizičnim pregledom.
The multi-crystalline cell is perfectly rectangular.
Polikristalna celica je popolnoma pravokotna.
A mono-crystalline cell, by contrast, has its four corners cut off.
Monokristalna celica pa ima štiri vogale odrezane.
Therefore, the Commission considered that there should be separate MIPs for mono-crystalline and multi-crystalline cells and modules and each of the four product types should have its own TARIC code.
Zato je Komisija menila, da bi morali imeti mono- in polikristalne celice in moduli ločene MIP ter da bi morala vsaka od štirih vrst izdelka imeti svojo lastno oznako TARIC.
Gradual decrease of the variable duty MIP
Postopno znižanje spremenljive dajatve v obliki MIP
Under the current price undertaking accepted by the Commission, the MIP for modules and cells is adjusted quarterly by reference to international spot prices of modules, including Chinese prices, as reported by the Bloomberg database (also called Bloomberg or BNEF spot prices index).
V skladu s trenutno cenovno zavezo, ki jo je sprejela Komisija, se MIP modulov in celic prilagodi vsako četrtletje glede na mednarodne promptne cene modulov, vključno s kitajskimi cenami, kot jih navaja Bloombergova podatkovna zbirka (imenovana tudi Bloombergov ali BNEF indeks promptnih cen).
When accepting the undertaking, the Commission considered that this price reflected the non-injurious price and ensured sufficient supply of the Union with the product under consideration [21].
Komisija je pri sprejemanju zaveze menila, da je ta cena izražala neškodljivo ceno in zagotavljala zadostno dobavo obravnavanega izdelka v Uniji [21].
In the expiry review investigations the Commission became aware that throughout most of 2016 the undertaking MIP adjustment mechanism did not follow global price decreases, and hence no longer reflected the non-injurious price, as established in the original investigation.
Komisija je v preiskavah v zvezi s pregledom zaradi izteka ukrepa izvedela, da mehanizem prilagoditve zaveze glede MIP večino leta 2016 ni sledil svetovnemu znižanju cen in zato ni več izražal neškodljive cene, kot je bila določena v prvotni preiskavi.
In addition the previous adjustment system had cut European cell users (i.e. non-vertically integrated module makers) and module users (i.e. individuals and companies purchasing solar systems) off global efficiency gains [22].
Poleg tega je prejšnji sistem prilagoditve preprečil, da bi evropski uporabniki celic (tj. izdelovalci modulov, ki niso vertikalno integrirani) in uporabniki modulov (tj. posamezniki in družbe, ki kupujejo fotonapetostne sisteme) izkoristili svetovno povečanje učinkovitosti [22].
Indeed, the evidence provided by the interested parties confirmed that the undertaking MIP stopped following the decreasing global price trend during 2016.
Z dokazi, ki so jih zagotovile zainteresirane strani, se je dejansko potrdilo, da je zaveza glede MIP med letom 2016 prenehala slediti trendu zniževanja svetovnih cen.
Even if at the beginning of 2017 the MIP got significantly decreased, there was still a significant gap between the MIP and the global prices [23].
Čeprav se je MIP v začetku leta 2017 precej znižala, je bila med MIP in svetovnimi cenami še vedno precejšnja vrzel [23].
Therefore the Commission investigated whether there was another benchmark, which would better reflect the non-injurious price level as established in the original investigation and global cost and price decreases.
Zato je Komisija preverila, ali je obstajala še kakšna referenčna vrednost, s katero bi se bolje izrazili neškodljiva raven cen, kot je bila določena v prvotni preiskavi, stroški na svetovni ravni in znižanja cen.
One Union producer and an association of the Union producers claimed that the new MIP adaptation mechanism should be based on the solar industry learning rate.
En proizvajalec Unije in združenje proizvajalcev Unije sta trdila, da bi moral novi mehanizem prilagoditve MIP temeljiti na odstotku krivulje učenja v solarni industriji.
The evidence provided by all interested parties confirmed that the cost of production in the solar industry has been continuously falling, which is reflected in the learning rates of the solar industry.
Z dokazi, ki so jih predložile vse zainteresirane strani, se je potrdilo, da so se proizvodni stroški v solarni industriji stalno zniževali, kar je razvidno iz odstotkov krivulje učenja v solarni industriji.
However, several other interested parties commented extensively why the solar industry learning rates are not suitable as a benchmark for a MIP adaptation mechanism.
Vendar je več drugih zainteresiranih strani predložilo veliko pripomb o tem, zakaj odstotki krivulje učenja v solarni industriji niso ustrezna referenčna vrednost za mehanizem prilagoditve MIP.
First, the parties claimed that the studies which report learning rates estimate these rates over long periods of time.
Strani so najprej trdile, da študije, v katerih se je poročalo o odstotkih krivulje učenja, te odstotke ocenjujejo v daljšem obdobju.
Therefore they do not reflect short term dynamics in the market.
Zato ne izražajo kratkoročne dinamike na trgu.
In addition, the time period under consideration has a significant impact on the results.
Poleg tega obravnavano obdobje precej vpliva na rezultate.
For example, the latest International Technology Roadmap for Photovoltaic (‘ITRPV’) reports the rate of 22,5 % over 40 years [24] and a rate of 39 % over the last 10 years [25].
Na primer v najnovejši izdaji International Technology Roadmap for Photovoltaic („ITRPV“) se poroča o stopnji v višini 22,5 % v več kot 40 letih [24] in stopnji v višini 39 % v zadnjih 10 letih [25].
The interested parties also claimed that the primary aim of the learning rates is not to forecast the development of prices in the near future.
Zainteresirane strani so tudi trdile, da prvotni cilj odstotkov krivulje učenja ni napovedovanje razvoja cen v bližnji prihodnosti.
For instance, the ITRPV's learning rate is part of the project whose aim it is to inform suppliers and customers about anticipated technology trends and to stimulate discussion on required improvements and standards.
Odstotek krivulje učenja ITRPV je na primer del projekta, katerega namen je dobavitelje in stranke obveščati o predvidenih tehnoloških trendih ter spodbujati razpravo o potrebnih izboljšavah in standardih.
Finally, the learning curve rate indicates the decrease in prices for each doubling of global cumulative module shipments [26].
Z odstotkom krivulje učenja se označuje znižanje cen za vsako podvojitev pošiljk kumulativnih modulov na svetovni ravni [26].
Forecasting the demand is by its very nature characterised by significant uncertainty.
Za napovedovanje povpraševanja je zaradi njegove narave značilna precejšnja negotovost.
The Commission accepted these arguments and noted the following.
Pri pripravi take ocene bi se uvedel pomemben element zapletenosti.
If the Commission had decided to use the learning rate for the MIP adaptation mechanism, it would have needed to assess which of these two rates would be more suitable to forecast the evolution of the cost decline in the solar sector over the next 18 months.
Poleg tega odstotek krivulje učenja kaže znižanje cen za vsako podvojitev pošiljk kumulativnih modulov na svetovni ravni [27].
Making such an assessment would have introduced a significant element of complexity.
Komisija je ugotovila, da nobena od družb, ki so nižje in višje v prodajni verigi ter so odgovorile na zahtevo po informacijah, za napovedi razvoja cen ne uporablja odstotkov krivulje učenja v solarni industriji.
Furthermore, the learning curve rate indicates the decrease in prices for each doubling of global cumulative module shipments [27].
Komisija je tako ugotovila, da bi se z uporabo odstotkov krivulje učenja v solarni industriji za prilagoditev MIP uvedla precejšnja negotovost, zato razvoja cen ne bi bilo mogoče natančno napovedati.
Therefore, as the precise prediction is impossible, the Commission would be obliged to make an educated guess and choose a precise date when the cumulative shipments will double between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2021, which entails a high degree of uncertainty.
Večina zainteresiranih strani je trdila, da bi moral novi mehanizem prilagoditve temeljiti na ponudbah cen, ki jih je navedla tajvanska agencija za zagotavljanje tržnih informacij PV Insights.
Finally, the Commission noted that none of the downstream and upstream companies who replied to the request for information uses the solar industry learning rates to forecast the evolution of prices.
Le največji evropski proizvajalec Solar World je menil, da ta agencija ni zanesljiva.
Therefore, the Commission concluded that using the solar industry learning rates to adapt the MIP would introduce considerable uncertainties, which would render any precise predictions on price developments impossible.
Za PV Insights se je tudi štelo, da jo zainteresirane strani najpogosteje uporabljajo.
Therefore, the Commission decided to rely on another benchmark, which is based on more recent, transparent and reliable data.
Več strani je opozorilo na to, da so cene, ki jih je ponudila PV Insights, in njeni trendi razvoja cen skladni s cenami in trendi, ki jih je ponudil drug indeks, ki mu industrija zaupa, tj. Energy Trend PV (ki ga upravlja druga agencija za zagotavljanje tržnih informacij, prav tako s sedežem v Tajvanu).
Most of the interested parties claimed that the new adjustment mechanism should be based on the price quotes by Taiwanese market intelligence agency PV Insights.
Cene, ki jih je ponudil indeks, ki se trenutno uporablja, tj. Bloombergova podatkovna zbirka, so bile izpostavljene precej večji spremenljivosti, okoli decembra 2015 pa je Bloombergov indeks promptnih cen začel slediti drugačnemu trendu kot PV Insights in Energy Trend PV.
Only Solar World, the largest European producer, considered PV Insights unreliable.
Bloombergova podatkovna zbirka temelji na prostovoljnih predložitvah ponudb cen, kar pomeni, da zajema le zelo majhen del trga.
PV Insights was also considered to be the most widely used by the interested parties.
Komisija je od ITRPV zahtevala, naj zagotovi več informacij o cenah na področju sončne energije, ki jih je uporabil za izračun odstotka krivulje učenja v solarni industriji.
Several parties pointed out that the prices quoted by PV Insights and its price development trends were in line with the prices and trends quoted by another index trusted by the industry, i.e. Energy Trend PV (run by another market intelligence also based in Taiwan).
ITRPV je zagotovil podatke o cenah in navedel, da trenutno uporablja dva vira, tj. PV Insights in Energy Trend PV.
By contrast, the prices quoted by the index used at present, i.e. Bloomberg database were subject to much more volatility and around December 2015 Bloomberg spot prices index started following a different trend from PV Insights and Energy Trend PV.
Pred koncem leta 2016 je uporabljal širši nabor cen, vključno z Bloombergovim indeksom promptnih cen.
The Bloomberg database is based on voluntary price quote submissions, which means that it has captured only a very small part of the market.
Ker je PV Insights eden od dveh virov, ki jih uporablja ITRPV, in se cene, ki jih ponujata PV Insights in Energy Trend PV med seboj na splošno ujemajo, sta stopnja in razvoj cen, ki jih je ITRPV uporabil za izračun odstotka krivulje učenja, zelo skladna s podatki, ki jih je sporočil PV Insights, zlasti od konca leta 2016.
The Commission requested the ITRPV to provide more information on the solar prices that they used to calculate the solar industry learning rate.
Komisija je pripravila sistem zniževanja MIP na podlagi podatkov PV Insights, za katere se je štelo, da so najzanesljivejši in jih solarna industrija največ uporablja.
The ITRPV provided the price data and indicated that they currently use two sources — PV Insights and Energy Trend PV.
Izhodišče tega sistema zniževanja MIP temelji na trenutni neškodljivi minimalni ceni, določeni v skladu s cenovno zavezo za celice (0,23 EUR/W) in module (0,46 EUR/W).
Before the end of 2016, ITRPV had used a wider basket of prices, including Bloomberg spot prices index.
Vendar se s temi cenami ne razlikuje med poli- in monokristalni izdelki, kar pa bo novi mehanizem omogočal.
Given that PV Insights is one of the two sources used by the ITRPV and that the prices quoted by PV Insights and Energy Trend PV have been broadly in line with each other, the level and evolution of prices that the ITRPV used to calculate the learning rate have been closely in line with the data reported by PV Insights, especially since the end of 2016.
Komisija je v triletnem obdobju odkrila razliko v ceni med mono- in polikristalnimi celicami in moduli [28].
The Commission devised a decreasing MIP system based on the PV Insights data, which was considered the most reliable and the most widely used by the solar industry.
Povprečje te razlike v ceni je bilo enakomerno porazdeljeno med mono- in polikristalne celice in module, da bi se določila trenutna neškodljiva cena za vsako vrsto izdelka, tj. 0,210 EUR/W oziroma 0,437 EUR/W za polikristalne celice oziroma module ter 0,250 EUR/W oziroma 0,483 EUR/W za monokristalne celice oziroma module.
The starting point of this decreasing MIP system is based on the current non-injurious minimum price established under the price undertaking for cells (EUR 0,23/W) and modules (EUR 0,46/W).
Te cene se bodo postopoma približevale trenutnim cenam, o katerih poroča PV Insights [29], tj. 0,18 EUR/W oziroma 0,3 EUR/W za polikristalne celice oziroma module ter 0,21 EUR/W oziroma 0,35 EUR/W za monokristalne celice oziroma module.
These prices, however, do not distinguish between the multi- and mono- products, which the new mechanism will do.
Iz tega mehanizma prilagoditve bodo izhajale MIP, ki bodo do septembra 2018 na stopnji svetovnih cen v prvem četrtletju leta 2017 (najnovejše svetovne cene, ki so na voljo za celotno četrtletje leta).
The Commission found a price difference over a 3-year period between mono- and multi- cells and modules [28].
Ker so se cene v zadnjih treh letih vztrajno zniževale, so se marže ključnih proizvajalcev precej zmanjšale [30].
The average of this price difference was evenly split between mono- and multi- cells and modules to establish the current non-injurious price for each product type i.e. EUR 0,210/W and EUR 0,437/W for multi-crystalline cells and modules, respectively and EUR 0,250/W and EUR 0,483/W for mono-crystalline cells and modules.
Komisija je torej pričakovala, da takega vztrajnega padanja cen ne bo mogoče več dolgo zdržati in cene septembra 2018 ne bodo precej nižje, kar bo industriji Unije še vedno zagotavljalo nekaj preostale zaščite.
These price will gradually converge towards the current prices reported by PV Insights [29], i.e. EUR 0,18/W and EUR 0,3/W for multi-crystalline cells and modules, respectively, and EUR 0,21/W and EUR 0,35/W for mono-crystalline cells and modules.
Mehanizem zato omogoča približevanje cenam na svetovnem trgu v razmeroma kratkem času.
This adaptation mechanism will result in MIPs which by September 2018 will be at the level of global prices in the first quarter of 2017 (the latest available global prices for the whole quarter of the year).
To zagotavlja povratek k neškodljivi ravni cene, kot je bila določena v prvotni preiskavi.
As the prices have been going aggressively down over the last three years, the margins of the key manufactures shrank considerably [30].
Poleg tega je to skladno z ugotovitvami v preiskavah v zvezi s pregledom zaradi izteka ukrepa glede ravnovesja interesov v okviru testiranja interesa Unije [31].
Therefore, the Commission expected that such an aggressive drop in prices could not be sustained for much longer and the prices in September 2018 would not be significantly lower, and hence still offering some residual protection to the Union industry.
Njegova prednost je tudi v tem, da bolje izraža nedavni tehnološki razvoj in možnost cenovnega prihranka za potrošnike, kar zagotavlja, da se uporabnikom v Uniji ne bo več preprečilo, da bi izkoristili svetovno povečanje učinkovitosti.
Accordingly, the mechanism allows the convergence towards world market prices in a relatively short timeframe.
Ta mehanizem obenem industriji Unije zagotavlja ustrezno zaščito, da se po izteku ukrepov prilagodi večjemu konkurenčnemu pritisku.
First, this ensures a return to the non-injurious price level as established in the original investigation.
Komisija je po razkritju prejela številne pripombe o stopnji spremenljive dajatve v obliki MIP.
Second, this is in line with the findings in the expiry review investigations concerning the balance of interests under the Union interest test [31].
Izdelovalci celic in modulov v Uniji in njihovo združenje so trdili, da cene na svetovnem trgu niso izražale neškodljive ravni cen, saj nanje vpliva damping ogromnih presežnih zmogljivosti na Kitajskem.
It has furthermore the advantage of reflecting better the more recent technological developments and the price saving potential for consumers, which ensures that the users in the Union will no longer be cut off from the global efficiency gains.
Zato bi bila spremenljiva dajatev v obliki MIP, ki bi temeljila na referenčni svetovni ceni, prenizka.
At the same time this mechanism provides adequate protection for the Union industry to adapt to increased competitive pressure once the measures lapse.
Ponovili so svojo trditev, da bi morala MIP namesto tega temeljiti na dolgoročnem odstotku krivulje učenja v solarni industriji.
Following disclosure the Commission received many comments on the level of the variable duty MIP.
Vendar je Komisija ob sprejetju zaveze julija 2013 že menila, da so mednarodne promptne cene modulov, vključno s kitajskimi cenami, izražale neškodljivo ceno [32].
The Union cell and module makers and their association claimed that the global market prices did not reflect the non-injurious level of prices as they are driven by the dumping of massive Chinese overcapacities.
Poleg tega je v vmesnem pregledu, zaključenem z Izvedbeno uredbo (EU) 2016/12, ugotovila, da je referenčna cena, ki je vključevala čedalje večji delež kitajskih družb, izpolnila svoj cilj, kot je določen v veljavnih ukrepih [33].
Therefore, the variable duty MIP based on the global price benchmark would be too low.
Komisija je to trditev zato zavrnila.
They reiterated their claim that, instead, the MIP should be based on the long-term solar industry learning rate.
Izdelovalci celic in modulov v Uniji in njihovo združenje so tudi trdili, da zoper PV Insights po pritožbi, ki jo je vložilo tajvansko združenje proizvajalcev na področju sončne energije, trenutno poteka preiskava tajvanske komisije za pošteno trgovino, tj. tajvanskega nacionalnega organa za varstvo konkurence.
However, when accepting the undertaking in July 2013, the Commission had already considered that international spot prices of modules, including Chinese prices, reflected the non-injurious price [32].
Ta preiskava se je začela zaradi trditev, da so indeks PV Insights obvladovale ali celo prirejale kitajske ponudbe cen in da je raven cen indeksa nižja od proizvodnih stroškov v Tajvanu.
Moreover, in the interim review terminated by Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/12, the Commission concluded that the price benchmark including an increasing share of Chinese companies fulfilled its objective as set out in the measures in force [33].
Po njihovem mnenju se zato ne bi bilo ustrezno zanašati na PV Insights.
The Commission therefore rejected this claim.
Komisija je opozorila, da je PV Insights po mnenju industrij, ki so nižje in višje v prodajni verigi, najzanesljivejši indeks pri njihovem dnevnem poslovanju.
The Union cell and module makers and their association also claimed that PV Insights is currently under investigation by the Taiwan Fair Trade Commission, Taiwan's national competition authority, following a complaint by the Taiwanese solar manufactures association.
PV Insights je bil tudi ena od ključnih referenčnih cen za poročila ITRPV pri oceni odstotka krivulje učenja v solarni industriji.