natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Medical services in prison shall seek to detect and treat physical or mental illnesses or defects from which prisoners may suffer.
Področje uporabe mogočih odstopanj je omejeno na tri določbe: člen 18 določa možnost držav članic, da ne uporabljajo treh določb direktive v zvezi s pridržanjem, in sicer določbe o (i) obveznosti, da zagotovijo hiter začetni sodni pregled zakonitosti pridržanja, (ii) obveznosti, da osebe pridržijo samo v posebnih centrih, in (iii) obveznosti, da poskrbijo za ločeno nastanitev, ki družinam zagotavlja ustrezno zasebnost, v nujnih primerih, ki vključujejo nenaden prihod velikega števila migrantov brez urejenega statusa.
All necessary medical, surgical and psychiatric services including those available in the community shall be provided to the prisoner for that purpose.
Odstopanja od drugih pravil direktive o vračanju niso mogoča.
Medical and health care personnel
Prenos v nacionalno zakonodajo je predpogoj za morebitno uporabo klavzule o nujnih razmerah: člen 18 opisuje in omejuje zajete razmere, področje uporabe mogočih odstopanj in obveznosti obveščanja Komisije.
Every prison shall have the services of at least one qualified general medical practitioner.
Če država članica želi imeti možnost, da v nujnih razmerah uporabi to varovalno klavzulo, jo mora najprej kot možnost in v skladu z merili iz člena 18 ustrezno prenesti [82] v svojo nacionalno zakonodajo.
Arrangements shall be made to ensure at all times that a qualified medical practitioner is available without delay in cases of urgency.
OPOMBA: za razliko od varovalnih klavzul, ki jih vsebujejo uredbe (na primer tiste v Zakoniku o schengenskih mejah v zvezi s ponovno uvedbo nadzora na notranjih mejah), je treba varovalne klavzule iz direktiv prenesti v nacionalno zakonodajo, preden se lahko začnejo uporabljati.
Where prisons do not have a full-time medical practitioner, a part-time medical practitioner shall visit regularly.
Države članice morajo obvestiti Komisijo, ko se zatečejo k tem ukrepom in ko se ti ukrepi prenehajo uporabljati.
Every prison shall have personnel suitably trained in health care.
Te informacije bi bilo treba posredovati po običajnih uradnih poteh, tj. prek stalnega predstavništva generalnemu sekretariatu Evropske komisije.
The medical practitioner or a qualified nurse reporting to such a medical practitioner shall see every prisoner as soon as possible after admission, and shall examine them unless this is obviously unnecessary.
To velja zlasti za določbe v zvezi s:
The medical practitioner or a qualified nurse reporting to such a medical practitioner shall examine the prisoner if requested at release, and shall otherwise examine prisoners whenever necessary.
spoštovanjem načela nevračanja (člena 5 in 9 direktive o vračanju),
When examining a prisoner the medical practitioner or a qualified nurse reporting to such a medical practitioner shall pay particular attention to:
zahtevo, da bi bilo treba osebam, ki se morajo vrniti, običajno zagotoviti primerno sedem- do tridesetdnevno obdobje za prostovoljni odhod (člen 7 direktive o vračanju),
observing the normal rules of medical confidentiality;
omejitvami uporabe prisilnih ukrepov v povezavi s prisilnimi vrnitvami (člen 8 direktive o vračanju),
diagnosing physical or mental illness and taking all measures necessary for its treatment and for the continuation of existing medical treatment;
pravico mladoletnikov brez spremstva, ki so v postopku vračanja, da prejmejo pomoč ustreznih organov, ki niso organi, ki izvajajo vračanje, in obveznostjo držav članic, da zagotovijo, da se mladoletniki brez spremstva vrnejo samo članu družine, izbranemu skrbniku ali ustreznim sprejemnim centrom v državi vrnitve (člen 10 direktive o vračanju),
recording and reporting to the relevant authorities any sign or indication that prisoners may have been treated violently;
omejitvami trajanja prepovedi vstopa in potrebo po ločeni proučitvi vsakega posameznega primera (člen 11 direktive o vračanju) – Sodišče je to izrecno potrdilo v sodbi v zadevi Filev in Osmani, C-297/12 (točka 55),
dealing with withdrawal symptoms resulting from use of drugs, medication or alcohol;
postopkovnimi varovalnimi ukrepi, vključno s pravico do pisne in utemeljene odločbe o vrnitvi in pravico do učinkovitega pravnega sredstva ter pravne in prevajalske pomoči (člena 12 in 13 direktive o vračanju),
identifying any psychological or other stress brought on by the fact of deprivation of liberty;
omejitvami uporabe pridržanja in najdaljšimi mogočimi obdobji pridržanja (člen 15 direktive o vračanju) ter pravico do humanih in dostojanstvenih pogojev pridržanja (člen 16 direktive o vračanju) – Sodišče je to izrecno potrdilo v sodbi v zadevi El Dridi, C-61/11 (točki 46 in 47),
isolating prisoners suspected of infectious or contagious conditions for the period of infection and providing them with proper treatment;
omejitvami in posebnimi varovalnimi ukrepi v zvezi s pridržanjem mladoletnikov in družin (člen 17 direktive o vračanju).
ensuring that prisoners carrying the HIV virus are not isolated for that reason alone;
Predhodno odločanje Sodišča: Sodišče je v skladu s členom 267 PDEU pristojno za predhodno odločanje o vprašanjih glede razlage in veljavnosti direktive o vračanju.
noting physical or mental defects that might impede resettlement after release;
Kadar se takšno vprašanje postavi kateremu koli sodišču države članice in če to sodišče meni, da je treba glede vprašanja sprejeti odločitev, ki mu bo omogočila izreči sodbo, lahko to vprašanje predloži v odločanje Sodišču.
determining the fitness of each prisoner to work and to exercise; and
Kadar je takšno vprašanje postavljeno v postopku, ki teče pred sodiščem države članice, zoper odločitev katerega po nacionalnem pravu ni pravnega sredstva, je to sodišče dolžno predložiti zadevo Sodišču.
making arrangements with community agencies for the continuation of any necessary medical and psychiatric treatment after release, if prisoners give their consent to such arrangements.
Če je takšno vprašanje postavljeno v postopku, ki teče pred sodiščem v zvezi s pridržano osebo, mora Sodišče opraviti pospešen nujni postopek.
Health care provision
Predhodno odločanje je že igralo pomembno vlogo pri zagotovitvi usklajene razlage več bistvenih določb direktive o vračanju.
Sick prisoners who require specialist treatment shall be transferred to specialised institutions or to civil hospitals, when such treatment is not available in prison.
Člani sodišč ali razsodišč v državah članicah se spodbujajo, da še naprej uporabljajo možnost predložitve zadev v predhodno odločanje in Sodišče zaprosijo za verodostojno razlago, kadar koli se to zdi potrebno.
Where a prison service has its own hospital facilities, they shall be adequately staffed and equipped to provide the prisoners referred to them with appropriate care and treatment.
Prehodne ureditve za primere/postopke, povezane z obdobji pred 24. decembrom 2010: države članice morajo poskrbeti, da lahko vse osebe, ki spadajo v področje uporabe direktive, od 24. decembra 2010 (od datuma pristopa v primeru novih držav članic) uveljavljajo vsebinske varovalne ukrepe in pravice, ki jih podeljuje direktiva.
Legal basis: Return Directive — Article 17
Čeprav je lahko upravičeno nadaljevati nacionalne postopke vračanja, začete v skladu z nacionalno zakonodajo pred prenosom, to ne sme pomembno spodkopavati pravic, ki jih podeljuje direktiva, kot so na primer omejitev pridržanja in uporabe prisilnih ukrepov, postopkovni varovalni ukrepi, vključno s pravico do pisne odločbe in pritožbe zoper odločbo, ter prednost prostovoljnega odhoda.
Unaccompanied minors and families with minors shall only be detained as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time.
Za vsako vrnitev, ki ni bila izvršena do 24. decembra 2010, je treba izdati pisno odločbo o vrnitvi v skladu s pogoji iz člena 12 direktive in zagotoviti učinkovito pravno sredstvo zoper to odločbo v skladu s pogoji iz člena 13 direktive.
Families detained pending removal shall be provided with separate accommodation guaranteeing adequate privacy.
„Pretekle“ prepovedi vstopa, izdane pred 24. decembrom 2010, je treba prilagoditi zahtevam direktive o vračanju (glej oddelek 11.9).
Minors in detention shall have the possibility to engage in leisure activities, including play and recreational activities appropriate to their age, and shall have, depending on the length of their stay, access to education.
Obdobja pridržanja, ki so se iztekla pred začetkom veljavnosti pravil v direktivi o vračanju, je treba upoštevati pri izračunu skupnega najdaljšega obdobja, določenega v direktivi o vračanju (glej oddelek 14.4.2).
Unaccompanied minors shall as far as possible be provided with accommodation in institutions provided with personnel and facilities which take into account the needs of persons of their age.
Poznejša uvedba odstopanja od področja uporabe (po letu 2010): države članice se lahko pozneje odločijo, da bodo izkoristile odstopanje, predvideno v členu 2 (primeri v zvezi s prestopom meje in primeri kazenskih sankcij).
The best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in the context of the detention of minors pending removal.
Sprememba nacionalne zakonodaje ne sme imeti neugodnih posledic za osebe, ki so že lahko izkoristile učinke direktive o vračanju (glej oddelek 2).
The Return Directive allows for the detention of unaccompanied minors and of families with minors for the purpose of removal as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time, provided that specific safeguards are duly respected.
Ta priročnik temelji na naslednjih virih:
In addition to such safeguards set by Article 17 of the Return Directive, the principles of Article 15 of that Directive applicable to the general rules on detention must be respected, notably detention must only be used as a measure of last resort, a viable range of effective alternatives to detention must be available, and an individual assessment of each case must be conducted (see section 14).
Zbrani zapisniki kontaktne skupine za direktivo o vračanju.
The best interests of the child must always be a primary consideration in the context of detention of minors and families, Member States are encouraged to involve child protection bodies in all matters related to detention and, where there are grounds for detention, everything possible must be done to ensure that a viable range of effective alternatives to detention for minors (both unaccompanied and with their families) is available and accessible.
Izvlečki iz ustreznih zadev Sodišča (s ključnimi besedami in imenom zadevne države članice v oklepajih):
The UNHCR [80] and the FRA [81] provide some examples of good practices on alternatives to detention for unaccompanied minors and families with children.The Commission recommends that national legislation should not preclude the possibility to place minors in detention, where this is strictly necessary to ensure the execution of a final return decision, and insofar as less coercive measures cannot be applied effectively in the individual case.
sodba z dne 30. novembra 2009, Kadzoev (C-357/09 PPU), ECLI:EU:C:2009:741 (pridržanje, razlogi za podaljšanje; povezava s pridržanjem prosilcev za azil – BG)
The text of Article 17 of the Return Directive corresponds closely to the text of the CoE Guideline 11 ‘Children and families’.
sodba z dne 28. aprila 2011, El Dridi (C-61/11 PPU), ECLI:EU:C:2011:268 (kaznivost, kaznovanje nezakonitega prebivanja z zaporno kaznijo – IT)
Further concrete guidance can be found in the commentary to this Guideline:
sodba z dne 6. decembra 2011, Achughbabian (C-329/11), ECLI:EU:C:2011:807 (kaznivost, kaznovanje nezakonitega prebivanja z zaporno kaznijo – FR)
CoE Guideline 11 — Children and families
sodba z dne 6. decembra 2012, Sagor (C-430/11), ECLI:EU:C:2012:777 (kaznivost, kaznovanje nezakonitega prebivanja z denarno kaznijo; odredba o izgonu; hišni pripor – IT)
Commentary
sklep z dne 21. marca 2013, Mbaye (C-522/11), ECLI:EU:C:2013:190 (kaznivost nezakonitega prebivanja – IT)
Paragraphs 1, 3 and 5 of this Guideline are inspired from the relevant provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly Resolution 44/25 of 20 November 1989 and ratified by all the Member States of the Council of Europe.
sodba z dne 30. maja 2013, Arslan (C-534/11), ECLI:EU:C:2013:343 (vrnitev v primerjavi s pridržanjem prosilcev za azil – CZ)
With respect to paragraph 2, it could be recalled that the right to respect for family life granted under Article 8 ECHR also applies in the context of detention.
sodba z dne 10. septembra 2013, G. in R.
Concerning the deprivation of liberty of children, Article 37 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child provides in particular that ‘arrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time’ (Article.
(C-383/13 PPU), ECLI:EU:C:2013:533 (pravica osebe, da se izjasni pred podaljšanjem pridržanja – NL)
37(b).
sodba z dne 19. septembra 2013, Filev in Osmani (C-297/12), ECLI:EU:C:2013:569 (prepoved vstopa, potreba po določitvi trajanja po uradni dolžnosti; pretekle prepovedi vstopa – DE)
According to Article 20(1) of this Convention, ‘A child temporarily or permanently deprived of his or her family environment, or in whose own best interests cannot be allowed to remain in that environment, shall be entitled to special protection and assistance provided by the State’.
sodba z dne 5. junija 2014, Mahdi (C-146/14 PPU), ECLI:EU:C:2014:1320 (pridržanje, razlogi za podaljšanje in sodni nadzor – BG)
Inspiration was also found in para.
sodba z dne 3. julija 2014, Da Silva (C-189/13), ECLI:EU:C:2014:2043 (kaznivost, nezakoniti vstop – FR)
38 of the United Nations Rules for the protection of juveniles deprived of their liberty, adopted by General Assembly Resolution 45/113 of 14 December 1990, which apply to any deprivation of liberty, understood as ‘any form of detention or imprisonment or the placement of a person in a public or private custodial setting, from which this person is not permitted to leave at will, by order of any judicial, administrative or other public authority’ (para.
sodba z dne 17. julija 2014, Bero (C-473/13) in Bouzalmate (C-514/13), ECLI:EU:C:2014:2095 (pogoji pridržanja, obveznost zagotovitve posebnih centrov – DE)
11, b).
sodba z dne 17. julija 2014, Pham (C-474/13), ECLI:EU:C:2014:2096 (pogoji pridržanja – DE)
According to para.
sodba z dne 6. novembra 2014, Mukarubega (C-166/13), ECLI:EU:C:2014:2336 (pravica osebe, da se izjasni pred izdajo odločbe o vrnitvi – FR)
38: ‘Every juvenile of compulsory school age has the right to education suited to his or her needs and abilities and designed to prepare him or her for return to society.
sodba z dne 11. decembra 2014, Boudjlida (C-249/13), ECLI:EU:C:2014:2431 (pravica osebe, da se izjasni pred izdajo odločbe o vrnitvi – FR)
Such education should be provided outside the detention facility in community schools wherever possible and, in any case, by qualified teachers through programmes integrated with the education system of the country so that, after release, juveniles may continue their education without difficulty.
sodba z dne 18. decembra 2014, Abdida (C-562/13), ECLI:EU:C:2014:2453 (pravice pred odloženo vrnitvijo – BE)
Special attention should be given by the administration of the detention facilities to the education of juveniles of foreign origin or with particular cultural or ethnic needs.
sodba z dne 23. aprila 2015, Zaizoune (C-38/14), ECLI:EU:C:2015:260 (obveznost izdaje odločbe o vrnitvi – ES)
Juveniles who are illiterate or have cognitive or learning difficulties should have the right to special education’.
sodba z dne 11. junija 2015, Zh. in O.
The last paragraph reflects the guiding principle of the Convention on the rights of the child whose Article 3(1) states that ‘In all actions concerning children, whether undertaken by public or private social welfare institutions, courts of law, administrative authorities or legislative bodies, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration’.
(C-554/13), ECLI:EU:C:2015:377 (merila za določitev obdobja za prostovoljni odhod – NL)
As a matter of course, this also applies to decisions concerning the holding of children facing removaI from the territory.
sodba z dne 1. oktobra 2015, Skerdjan Celaj (C-290/14), ECLI:EU:C:2015:640 (kaznivost neupoštevanja prepovedi vstopa – IT)
As regards detention of minors, the CPT standards provide for the following rules which should be respected by Member States whenever they apply — exceptionally and as a measure of last resort — detention:
sodba z dne 15. februarja 2016, J. N.
CPT standards related to detention of minors — extracts
(C-601/15 PPU), ECLI:EU:C:2016:84 (izvršitev odločbe o vrnitvi po zavrnitvi prošnje za mednarodno zaščito – NL)
The CPT considers that every effort should be made to avoid resorting to the deprivation of liberty of an irregular migrant who is a minor.
sodba z dne 7. junija 2016, Affum (C-47/15), ECLI:EU:C:2016:408 (opredelitev nezakonitega prebivanja, kaznivost, nezakoniti vstop – FR)
Following the principle of the ‘best interests of the child’, as formulated in Article 3 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, detention of children, including unaccompanied and separated children, is rarely justified and, in the Committee's view, can certainly not be motivated solely by the absence of residence status.
sodba z dne 15. marca 2017, Al Chodor in drugi (C-528/15), ECLI:EU:C:2017:213 (opredelitev nevarnosti pobega v postopkih na podlagi dublinske uredbe – CZ)
When, exceptionally, a child is detained, the deprivation of liberty should be for the shortest possible period of time; all efforts should be made to allow the immediate release of unaccompanied or separated children from a detention facility and their placement in more appropriate care.
sodba z dne 26. julija 2017, Ouhrami (C-225/16), ECLI:EU:C:2017:590 (datum veljavnosti prepovedi vstopa – NL)
Further, owing to the vulnerable nature of a child, additional safeguards should apply whenever a child is detained, particularly in those cases where the children are separated from their parents or other carers, or are unaccompanied, without parents, carers or relatives.
Pravni red EU na področju vračanja:
As soon as possible after the presence of a child becomes known to the authorities, a professionally qualified person should conduct an initial interview, in a language the child understands.
Direktiva 2008/115/ES Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 16. decembra 2008 o skupnih standardih in postopkih v državah članicah za vračanje nezakonito prebivajočih državljanov tretjih držav
An assessment should be made of the child's particular vulnerabilities, including from the standpoints of age, health, psychosocial factors and other protection needs, including those deriving from violence, trafficking or trauma.
Direktiva Sveta 2001/40/ES z dne 28. maja 2001 o medsebojnem priznavanju odločb o izgonu državljanov tretjih držav
Unaccompanied or separated children deprived of their liberty should be provided with prompt and free access to legal and other appropriate assistance, including the assignment of a guardian or legal representative.
Direktiva Sveta 2003/110/ES z dne 25. novembra 2003 o pomoči v primeru tranzita za namene repatriacije po zračni poti
Review mechanisms should also be introduced to monitor the ongoing quality of the guardianship.
Odločba Sveta 2004/191/ES z dne 23. februarja 2004 o določitvi meril in praktičnih rešitev za izravnavo finančnih neskladij, ki so posledica uporabe Direktive 2001/40/ES
Steps should be taken to ensure a regular presence of, and individual contact with, a social worker and a psychologist in establishments holding children in detention.
Odločba Sveta 2004/573/ES z dne 29. aprila 2004 o organiziranju skupnih letov za prisilno odstranitev državljanov tretjih držav, za katere so bili izrečeni posamični ukrepi prisilne odstranitve z ozemlja dveh ali več držav članic
Mixed-gender staffing is another safeguard against ill-treatment; the presence of both male and female staff can have a beneficial effect in terms of the custodial ethos and foster a degree of normality in a place of detention.
Uredba (EU) 2016/1624 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 14. septembra 2016 o evropski mejni in obalni straži ter spremembi Uredbe (EU) 2016/399 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta ter razveljavitvi Uredbe (ES) št. 863/2007 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta, Uredbe Sveta (ES) št. 2007/2004 in Odločbe Sveta 2005/267/ES
Children deprived of their liberty should also be offered a range of constructive activities (with particular emphasis on enabling a child to continue his or her education).
Priporočilo Komisije z dne 7. marca 2017 o povečanju učinkovitosti vrnitev pri izvajanju Direktive 2008/115/ES Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta, C(2017) 1600
In order to limit the risk of exploitation, special arrangements should be made for living quarters that are suitable for children, for example, by separating them from adults, unless it is considered in the child's best interests not to do so.
Sporočilo Komisije z dne 12. aprila 2017 Evropskemu parlamentu in Svetu „Zaščita otrok pri migracijah“, COM(2017) 211 final.
This would, for instance, be the case when children are in the company of their parents or other close relatives.
Pomembni dokumenti Sveta Evrope:
In that case, every effort should be made to avoid splitting up the family.
Dvajset smernic o prisilnem vračanju, ki jih je 4. maja 2005 sprejel Odbor ministrov Sveta Evrope, in pojasnila k tem smernicam (september 2005, ISBN 92-871-5809-6)
Effective complaints and inspection procedures are basic safeguards against ill-treatment in all places of detention, including detention centres for juveniles.
Informativno gradivo CPT o pridržanju priseljencev (dokument CPT/Inf(2017) 3 iz marca 2017) Priporočilo Rec(2006)2 Odbora ministrov državam članicam o evropskih zaporniških pravilih (ki ga je Odbor ministrov sprejel 11. januarja 2006 na 952. zasedanju ministrskih namestnikov)
Juveniles (as well as their parents or legal representatives) should have avenues of complaint open to them within the establishments' administrative system and should be entitled to address complaints — on a confidential basis — to an independent authority.
Pomembni dokumenti Agencije Evropske unije za temeljne pravice:
Complaints procedures should be simple, effective and child-friendly, particularly regarding the language used.
Smernice o premislekih glede temeljnih pravic prijetih migrantov, ki nimajo urejenega statusa, oktober 2012
Juveniles (as well as their parents or legal representatives) should be entitled to seek legal advice about complaints and to benefit from free legal assistance when the interests of justice so require.
Handbook on European law relating to asylum, borders and immigration (Priročnik o evropskem pravu na področju azila, meja in priseljevanja), skupaj izdala Agencija Evropske unije za temeljne pravice in ESČP, 2014
The CPT also attaches particular importance to regular visits to all detention centres for juveniles by an independent body, such as a visiting committee, a judge, the children's Ombudsman or the National Preventive Mechanism (established under the Optional Protocol to the United Nations Convention against Torture — OPCAT) with authority to receive — and, if necessary, take action on — juveniles' complaints or complaints brought by their parents or legal representatives, to inspect the accommodation and facilities and to assess whether these establishments are operating in accordance with the requirements of national law and relevant international standards.
Alternative pridržanju prosilcev za azil in oseb v postopkih vračanja, oktober 2015
Members of the inspection body should be proactive and enter into direct contact with juveniles, including by interviewing inmates in private.
Obvestilo – Temeljne pravice migrantov, ki nimajo urejenega statusa in niso odstranjeni, na voljo na naslovu: http://fra.europa.eu/en/Non-removed-migrants-rights