natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
blowing dust, sand or snow;
Če je napovedanih več plasti ali gmot oblakov, se njihova količina in relativna višina baze navedeta v naslednjem vrstnem redu:
sandstorm;
najnižja plast ali gmota ne glede na količino, ki se ustrezno napove kot „FEW“, „SCT“, „BKN“ ali „OVC“,
thunderstorm (with or without precipitation);
naslednja plast ali gmota, ki pokriva več kot 2/8 in se ustrezno napove kot „SCT“, „BKN“ ali „OVC“,
funnel cloud (tornado or waterspout); and
naslednja višja plast ali gmota, ki pokriva več kot 4/8 in se ustrezno napove kot „BKN“ ali „OVC“, in
other weather phenomena, as agreed by the aerodrome meteorological office with the ATS units and operators concerned.
kumulonimbusni oblaki in/ali stolpičasti kumulusi, če so napovedani in še niso vključeni pod točkami (A) do (C).
The expected end of occurrence of those phenomena shall be indicated by the abbreviation ‘NSW’.
Informacije o oblakih so omejene na oblake, pomembne za obratovanje zrakoplovov; če oblaki, pomembni za obratovanje zrakoplovov, niso napovedani in „CAVOK“ ni ustrezen, se uporabi kratica „NSC“.
Cloud
Uporaba spremenljivih skupin
The cloud amount shall be forecast using the abbreviations ‘FEW’, ‘SCT’, ‘BKN’ or ‘OVC’ as necessary.
Merila, uporabljena za vključitev spremenljivih skupin v TAF ali za spremembo TAF, temeljijo na naslednjih vremenskih pojavih ali njihovih kombinacijah, za katere je napovedano, da se začnejo ali končajo ali da se spremeni njihova intenzivnost:
When it is expected that the sky will remain or become obscured and clouds cannot be forecasted and information on vertical visibility is available at the aerodrome, the vertical visibility shall be forecasted in the form ‘VV’ followed by the forecasted value of the vertical visibility.
nevihta,
When several layers or masses of cloud are forecasted, their amount and height of base shall be included in the following order:
prašni vihar in
the lowest layer or mass regardless of amount, to be forecasted as FEW, SCT, BKN or OVC as appropriate;
peščeni vihar.
the next layer or mass covering more than 2/8, to be forecast as SCT, BKN or OVC as appropriate;
Kadar je treba navesti spremembo elementov iz točke (a), se uporabi oznaka za spremembo „BECMG“ ali „TEMPO“, ki ji sledi obdobje, v katerem naj bi prišlo do spremembe.
the next higher layer or mass covering more than 4/8, to be forecast as BKN or OVC as appropriate; and
Obdobje se navede kot začetek in konec obdobja v celih urah po UTC.
cumulonimbus clouds and/or towering cumulus clouds, whenever forecasted and not already included under (A) to (C).
Navedejo se le tisti elementi, za katere je predvidena znatna sprememba, in sicer po oznaki spremembe.
Cloud information shall be limited to cloud of operational significance; when no cloud of operational significance is forecasted and ‘CAVOK’ is not appropriate, the abbreviation ‘NSC’ shall be used.
V primeru znatnih sprememb oblakov pa se navedejo vse skupine oblakov, vključno s plastmi ali gmotami, za katere sprememba ni predvidena.
Use of change groups
Oznaka spremembe „BECMG“ in povezana časovna skupina se uporabita za opis sprememb, če se predvideva, da bodo meteorološke razmere ob nedoločenem času med časovnim obdobjem enakomerno ali neenakomerno hitro dosegle ali prekoračile oziroma padle pod določene mejne vrednosti.
The criteria used for the inclusion of change groups in TAF or for the amendment of TAF shall be based on any of the following weather phenomena, or combinations thereof, being forecasted to begin or end or change in intensity:
Obdobje ne presega štirih ur.
thunderstorm;
Oznaka spremembe „TEMPO“ in povezana časovna skupina se uporabita za opis predvidenih pogostih ali nepogostih začasnih nihanj meteoroloških razmer, ki dosežejo ali prekoračijo oziroma padejo pod določene mejne vrednosti in vsakič trajajo manj kot eno uro ter skupaj pokrivajo manj kot polovico obdobja napovedi, v katerem naj bi prišlo do nihanj.
dust storm; and
Če se predvideva, da bo začasno nihanje trajalo eno uro ali dlje, se uporabi spremenljiva skupina „BECMG“ v skladu z zgornjo točko (3) ali pa se obdobje veljavnosti razdeli v skladu s spodnjo točko (5).
sandstorm.
Če se predvideva, da se bo en niz prevladujočih vremenskih razmer znatno spremenil, in sicer bolj ali manj v celoti v drugačen niz razmer, se obdobje veljavnosti razdeli v samostojna obdobja z uporabo kratice „FM“, ki ji takoj sledi šestštevilčna časovna skupina v dnevih, urah in minutah po UTC, ki označuje, kdaj naj bi prišlo do spremembe.
When a change in any of the elements given in point (a) is required to be indicated, the change indicators ‘BECMG’ or ‘TEMPO’ shall be used followed by the time period during which the change is expected to occur.
Razdeljeno obdobje, ki sledi kratici „FM“, je samostojno in vse napovedane razmere, navedene pred kratico, se nadomestijo z razmerami, ki sledijo kratici.
The time period shall be indicated as the beginning and end of the period in whole hours UTC.
Verjetnost alternativne vrednosti elementa ali elementov napovedi se vključi v primeru:
Only those elements for which a significant change is expected shall be included following a change indicator.
30- ali 40-odstotne verjetnosti alternativnih meteoroloških razmer med določenim obdobjem napovedi ali
However, in the case of significant changes in respect of cloud, all cloud groups, including layers or masses not expected to change, shall be indicated.
30- ali 40-odstotne verjetnosti začasnih nihanj meteoroloških razmer med določenim obdobjem napovedi.
The change indicator ‘BECMG’ and the associated time group shall be used to describe changes where the meteorological conditions are expected to reach or pass through specified threshold values at a regular or irregular rate and at an unspecified time during the time period.
To se navede v TAF s kratico „PROB“, ki ji sledita verjetnost, izražena v korakih po 10 odstotkov, in v primeru iz točke (1) obdobje, ko naj bi vrednosti veljale, oziroma v primeru iz točke (2) s kratico „PROB, ki ji sledijo verjetnost, izražena v korakih po 10 odstotkov, oznaka spremembe „TEMPO“ in povezana časovna skupina.
The time period shall not exceed 4 hours.
Napovedi razvoja vremena se izdajajo v skladu z Dodatkom 5.
The change indicator ‘TEMPO’ and the associated time group shall be used to describe expected frequent or infrequent temporary fluctuations in the meteorological conditions which reach or pass specified threshold values and last for a period of less than 1 hour in each instance and, in the aggregate, cover less than one half of the forecast period during which the fluctuations are expected to occur.
Enote in lestvice, uporabljene v napovedi razvoja vremena, so enake tistim, uporabljenim v poročilu, ki mu je napoved priložena.
If the temporary fluctuation is expected to last 1 hour or longer, the change group ‘BECMG’ shall be used in accordance with (3) above, or the validity period should be subdivided in accordance with (5) below.
V napovedi razvoja vremena so navedene znatne spremembe v zvezi z enim ali več naslednjih elementov: veter na površini, vidljivost, vremenski pojavi in oblaki.
Where one set of prevailing weather conditions is expected to change significantly and more or less completely to a different set of conditions, the period of validity shall be subdivided into self-contained periods using the abbreviation ‘FM’ followed immediately by a six-figure time group in days, hours and minutes UTC indicating the time the change is expected to occur.
Navedejo se le tisti elementi, za katere je predvidena znatna sprememba.
The subdivided period following the abbreviation ‘FM’ shall be self-contained and all forecasted conditions given before the abbreviation shall be superseded by those following the abbreviation.
V primeru znatne spremembe vidljivosti se navede tudi pojav, ki povzroča manjšo vidljivost.
The probability of occurrence of an alternative value of a forecast element or elements shall be included when:
Kadar spremembe niso predvidene, se to navede s kratico „NOSIG“.
a 30 or 40 % probability of alternative meteorological conditions exists during a specific forecast time period; or
V napovedi razvoja vremena so navedene spremembe vetra na površini, ki vključujejo:
a 30 or 40 % probability of temporary fluctuations in meteorological conditions exists during a specific forecast time period.
spremembo srednje smeri vetra za 60° ali več, pri čemer srednja hitrost pred in/ali po spremembi znaša 10 kt (5 m/s) ali več;
This shall be indicated in the TAF by using the abbreviation ‘PROB’ followed by the probability in tens of per cent and, in the case referred to in point (1), the time period during which the values are expected to apply, or in the case referred to in point (2), by using the abbreviation ‘PROB’ followed by the probability in tens of per cent, the change indicator ‘TEMPO’ and associated time group.
spremembo srednje smeri vetra za 10 kt (5 m/s) ali več in
TREND forecasts shall be issued in accordance with Appendix 5.
spremembe vetra prek vrednosti, pomembnih za obratovanje zrakoplovov.
The units and scales used in the TREND forecast shall be the same as those used in the report to which it is appended.
Če se predvideva, da se bo vidljivost izboljšala in spremenila v eno ali več naslednjih vrednosti ali jih prekoračila, ali če se predvideva, da se bo vidljivost poslabšala in padla pod eno ali več naslednjih vrednosti: 150, 350, 600, 800, 1500 ali 3000 m, se v napovedi razvoja vremena navede sprememba.
The TREND forecast shall indicate significant changes in respect of one or more of the elements: surface wind, visibility, weather phenomena and clouds.
Če se znatno število letov opravlja v skladu s pravili vizualnega letenja, so v napovedi navedene tudi spremembe v vrednost 5000 m ali prek nje/pod njo.
Only those elements for which a significant change is expected, shall be included.
V napovedih razvoja vremena, priloženih METAR, se vidljivost nanaša na prevladujočo vidljivost.
In the case of a significant change in visibility, the phenomenon causing the reduction of visibility shall also be indicated.
V napovedi razvoja vremena je naveden predviden nastop, prenehanje ali sprememba v intenzivnosti katerega koli od naslednjih vremenskih pojavov ali njihovih kombinacij:
When no change is expected to occur, this shall be indicated by the term ‘NOSIG’.
zmerne ali močne padavine, vključno s plohami,
The TREND forecast shall indicate changes in the surface wind which involve:
drugi vremenski pojavi v skladu z dogovorom med aerodromsko meteorološko službo, enotami ATS in zadevnimi operatorji.
a change in the mean wind direction of 60° or more, the mean speed before and/or after the change being 10 kt (5 m/s) or more;
V napovedi razvoja vremena je naveden predviden nastop ali prenehanje katerega koli od naslednjih vremenskih pojavov ali njihovih kombinacij:
a change in mean wind speed of 10 kt (5 m/s) or more; and
nevihta (brez padavin),
changes in the wind through values of operational significance.
nevihtna linija in
When the visibility is expected to improve and change to or pass through one or more of the following values, or when the visibility is expected to deteriorate and pass through one or more of the following values: 150, 350, 600, 800, 1500 or 3000 m, the trend forecast shall indicate the change.
lijakasti oblak (tornado ali vodna tromba).
When significant numbers of flights are conducted in accordance with the visual flight rules, the forecast shall additionally indicate changes to or passing through 5000 m.
Skupno število pojavov, o katerih se poroča v (i) in (ii), ne presega tri.
In TREND forecasts appended to METAR, visibility shall refer to the forecast prevailing visibility.
Predviden konec vremenskega pojava se navede s kratico „NSW“.
The TREND forecast shall indicate the expected onset, cessation or change in intensity of any of the following weather phenomena or combinations thereof:
Če se predvideva, da se bo relativna višina baze plasti oblakov razširjenosti BKN ali OVC povečala in spremenila v eno ali več naslednjih vrednosti ali jih prekoračila, ali če se predvideva, da se bo relativna višina baze plasti oblakov razširjenosti BKN ali OVC zmanjšala in padla pod eno ali več naslednjih vrednosti: 100, 200, 500, 1000 in 1500 ft (30, 60, 150, 300 in 450 m), je v napovedi razvoja vremena navedena sprememba.
moderate or heavy precipitation, including showers thereof;
Če je relativna višina baze plasti oblakov manjša od 1500 ft (450 m) ali se predvideva, da bo padla pod ali prekoračila višino 1500 ft (450 m), so v napovedi razvoja vremena navedene tudi spremembe količine oblakov od FEW ali SCT v BKN ali OVC (če se količina oblakov poveča) ali spremembe od BKN ali OVC v FEW ali SCT (če se količina oblakov zmanjša).
other weather phenomena as agreed by the aerodrome meteorological office with the ATS units and operators concerned.
Če oblaki, pomembni za obratovanje zrakoplovov, niso napovedani in „CAVOK“ ni primeren, se uporabi kratica „NSC“.
The TREND forecast shall indicate the expected onset or cessation of any of the following weather phenomena or combinations thereof:
Vertikalna vidljivost
thunderstorm (without precipitation);
Če se predvideva, da bo nebo ostalo ali postalo zakrito in so na aerodromu na voljo opazovanja vertikalne vidljivosti, vertikalna vidljivost pa naj bi se po napovedih izboljšala in spremenila v eno ali več naslednjih vrednosti ali jih prekoračila, ali če naj bi se vertikalna vidljivost po napovedih poslabšala in padla pod eno ali več naslednjih vrednosti: 100, 200, 500 ali 1000 ft (30, 60, 150 ali 300 m), se v napovedi razvoja vremena navede sprememba.
squall; and
Dodatna merila
funnel cloud (tornado or waterspout).
Aerodromska meteorološka služba in uporabniki se lahko dogovorijo o uporabi dodatnih meril na podlagi operativnih minimumov lokalnega aerodroma.
The total number of phenomena reported in (i) and (ii) shall not exceed three.
Če se predvideva sprememba, se napoved razvoja vremena začne z eno od oznak spremembe „BECMG“ ali „TEMPO“.
The expected end of occurrence of the weather phenomena shall be indicated by the abbreviation ‘NSW’.
Oznaka spremembe „BECMG“ se uporabi za opis sprememb napovedi, če se predvideva, da bodo meteorološke razmere enakomerno ali neenakomerno hitro dosegle ali prekoračile oziroma padle pod določene vrednosti.
When the height of base of a cloud layer of BKN or OVC extent is expected to lift and change to or pass through one or more of the following values, or when the height of base of a cloud layer of BKN or OVC extent is expected to lower and pass through one or more of the following values: 100, 200, 500, 1000 and 1500 ft (30, 60, 150, 300 and 450 m), the TREND forecast shall indicate the change.
Obdobje ali čas, ko naj bi se napovedana sprememba zgodila, se navede z ustrezno kratico „FM“, „TL“ ali „AT“, ki ji sledi časovna skupina v urah in minutah.
When the height of base of a cloud layer is below or is expected to fall below or rise above 1500 ft (450 m), the TREND forecast shall also indicate changes in cloud amount from FEW, or SCT increasing to BKN or OVC, or changes from BKN or OVC decreasing to FEW or SCT.
Oznaka spremembe „TEMPO“ se uporabi za opis napovedanih začasnih nihanj meteoroloških razmer, ki dosežejo ali prekoračijo oziroma padejo pod določene mejne vrednosti in vsakič trajajo manj kot eno uro ter skupaj pokrivajo manj kot polovico obdobja, v katerem so napovedana nihanja.
When no clouds of operational significance are forecast and ‘CAVOK’ is not appropriate, the abbreviation ‘NSC’ shall be used.
Obdobje, v katerem so napovedana začasna nihanja, se navede z ustreznima kraticama „FM“ in/ali „TL“, ki jima sledi časovna skupina v urah in minutah.
Vertical visibility
Uporaba oznake za verjetnost
When the sky is expected to remain or become obscured and vertical visibility observations are available at the aerodrome, and the vertical visibility is forecast to improve and change to or pass through one or more of the following values, or when the vertical visibility is forecast to deteriorate and pass through one or more of the following values: 100, 200, 500 or 1000 ft (30, 60, 150 or 300 m), the TREND forecast shall indicate the change.
V napovedih razvoja vremena se oznaka „PROB“ ne uporablja.
Additional criteria
Napoved za vzletanje se nanaša na določeno časovno obdobje in vsebuje informacije o predvidenih razmerah na območju vzletno-pristajalnih stez v zvezi s smerjo in hitrostjo vetra na površini ter morebitnimi odstopanji, temperaturo, tlakom in drugimi elementi v skladu z dogovorom med aerodromsko meteorološko službo in operatorji.
The aerodrome meteorological office and the users may agree on additional criteria to be used, based on local aerodrome operating minima.
Vrstni red elementov in terminologije, enot in lestvic, ki se uporabljajo v napovedih za vzletanje, je enak tistim, ki se uporablja v poročilih za isti aerodrom.
When a change is expected to occur, the TREND forecast shall begin with one of the change indicators ‘BECMG’ or ‘TEMPO’.
Opozorila za strižni veter se izdajajo v skladu s predlogo v Dodatku 6.
The change indicator ‘BECMG’ shall be used to describe forecast changes where the meteorological conditions are expected to reach or pass through specified values at a regular or irregular rate.
Zaporedna številka iz predloge v Dodatku 6 ustreza številu opozoril za strižni veter, ki so bila na zadevni dan izdana za aerodrom od 00:01 po UTC.
The period during which, or the time at which, the change is forecast to occur shall be indicated using the abbreviations ‘FM’, ‘TL’ or ‘AT’, as appropriate, each followed by a time group in hours and minutes.
Alarmi za strižni veter dajejo jedrnate posodobljene informacije v zvezi z opaženim pojavom strižnega vetra, ki vključuje spremembo čelnega/hrbtnega vetra za 15 kt (7,5 m/s) ali več in bi lahko škodljivo vplival na zrakoplov na končni priletni poti ali začetni vzletni poti in na zrakoplov na vzletno-pristajalni stezi med vožnjo po tleh pri pristanku ali vzletnim zaletom.
The change indicator ‘TEMPO’ shall be used to describe forecast temporary fluctuations in the meteorological conditions which reach or pass specified values and last for a period of less than 1 hour in each instance and, in the aggregate, cover less than one half of the period during which the fluctuations are forecast to occur.
Alarm za strižni veter se po možnosti nanaša na specifične odseke vzletno-pristajalne steze in razdalje vzdolž priletne ali vzletne poti v skladu z dogovorom med aerodromsko meteorološko službo, ustreznimi enotami ATS in zadevnimi operatorji.
The period during which the temporary fluctuations are forecast to occur shall be indicated using the abbreviations ‘FM’ and/or ‘TL’, as appropriate, each followed by a time group in hours and minutes.
Tehnične zahteve za meteorološke službe bdenja
Use of the probability indicator
Vsebina in vrstni red elementov v sporočilu SIGMET sta v skladu s predlogo v Dodatku 1.
The indicator ‘PROB’ shall not be used in TREND forecasts.
Sporočila SIGMET so treh vrst:
A forecast for take-off shall refer to a specified period of time and shall contain information on expected conditions over the runway complex in regard to surface wind direction and speed and any variations thereof, temperature, pressure, and any other elements as agreed between the aerodrome meteorological office and the operators.
sporočila SIGMET za vremenske pojave na poti, ki niso vulkanski pepel ali tropski cikloni, označena kot WS SIGMET,
The order of the elements and the terminology, units and scales used in forecasts for take-off shall be the same as those used in reports for the same aerodrome.
sporočila SIGMET za vulkanski pepel, označena kot WV SIGMET, in
Wind shear warnings shall be issued in accordance with the template in Appendix 6.
sporočila SIGMET za tropske ciklone, označena kot WC SIGMET.
The sequence number referred to in the template in Appendix 6 shall correspond to the number of wind shear warnings issued for the aerodrome since 00.01 UTC on the day concerned.
Zaporedna številka sporočil SIGMET je sestavljena iz treh znakov, in sicer iz ene črke in dveh številk.
Wind shear alerts shall give concise, up-to-date information related to the observed existence of wind shear involving a headwind/tailwind change of 15 kt (7.5 m/s) or more which could adversely affect aircraft on the final approach path or initial take-off path and aircraft on the runway during the landing roll or take-off run.
Le eden od pojavov iz Dodatka 1 se vključi v sporočilo SIGMET, pri čemer se uporabijo ustrezne kratice in mejna vrednost hitrosti vetra na površini 34 kt (17 m/s) ali več za tropski ciklon.
Wind shear alert shall, if practicable, relate to specific sections of the runway and distances along the approach path or take-off path as agreed between the aerodrome meteorological office, the appropriate ATS units and the operators concerned.
V informacijah SIGMET v zvezi z nevihtami ali tropskim ciklonom nista navedeni povezani turbulenca in zaledenitev.
Technical requirements for meteorological watch offices
SIGMET, če se razširja v digitalni obliki:
The content and order of elements in a SIGMET message shall be in accordance with the template shown in Appendix 1.
Vsebina in vrstni red elementov v sporočilu AIRMET sta v skladu s predlogo v Dodatku 1.
SIGMET messages shall consist of three types:
Zaporedna številka iz predloge v Dodatku 1 ustreza številu sporočil AIRMET, ki so bila na zadevni dan izdana za območje z informacijami za letenje od 00:01 po UTC.
SIGMET for en-route weather phenomena other than volcanic ash or tropical cyclones, referred as WS SIGMET;
Le eden od pojavov iz Dodatka 1 se vključi v sporočilo AIRMET, pri čemer se uporabijo ustrezne kratice in naslednje mejne vrednosti, če so pojavi pod nivojem letenja 100 ali pod nivojem letenja 150 na goratih območjih ali po potrebi višje:
SIGMET for volcanic ash, referred as WV SIGMET; and
hitrost vetra nad 30 kt (15 m/s),
SIGMET for tropical cyclones, referred as WC SIGMET.
obsežna območja, ki so prizadeta zaradi zmanjšanja vidljivosti na manj kot 5000 m, vključno z vremenskimi pojavi, ki povzročajo manjšo vidljivost,
The sequence number of SIGMET messages shall consist of three characters comprising one letter and two numbers.
obsežna območja raztrganih oblakov ali oblačnosti z relativno višino baze manj kot 1000 ft (300 m) nad tlemi: raztrgani oblaki, oblačnost.
Only one of the phenomena listed in Appendix 1 shall be included in a SIGMET message, using the appropriate abbreviations and the following threshold values of surface wind speed of 34 kt (17 m/s) or more for tropical cyclone.
V sporočilih AIRMET v zvezi z nevihtami ali kumulonimbusnimi oblaki nista navedeni povezani turbulenca in zaledenitev.
SIGMET information concerning thunderstorms or a tropical cyclone shall not include references to associated turbulence and icing.
Kadar se za območne napovedi za lete na nižjih višinah uporablja kartografska oblika, se izda napoved zgornjega vetra in temperature zgornjega zračnega prostora za točke, ki so ločene za največ 300 NM, in za najmanj naslednje absolutne višine: 2000, 5000 in 10000 ft (600, 1500 in 3000 m) ter 15000 ft (4500 m) na goratih območjih.
SIGMET, if disseminated in digital form, shall be:
Izdaja napovedi zgornjega vetra in temperature zgornjega zračnega prostora na absolutni višini 2000 ft (600 m) je lahko odvisna od lokalnih orografskih dejavnikov, kot jih določi pristojni organ.
The content and order of elements in an AIRMET message shall be in accordance with the template shown in Appendix 1.
Kadar se za območne napovedi za lete na nižjih višinah uporablja kartografska oblika, se napovedi pojavov SIGWX izdajo kot napovedi SIGWX za nižje višine za nivoje letenja do 100 ali do 150 na goratih območjih ali po potrebi višje.
The sequence number referred to in the template in Appendix 1 shall correspond to the number of AIRMET messages issued for the flight information region since 00.01 UTC on the day concerned.
Napovedi SIGWX za nižje višine vključujejo: