natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The starting biomass (dry weight) is determined on the basis of a sample of test organisms taken from the same batch used to inoculate the test vessels.
vizualna ocena korenin
All whorls will be counted out along the main shoot.
Pogostost meritev in analitskih določitev
Frequency of measurement and analytical determinations
Najmanj dnevno (ali stalno z zapisovalnikom podatkov) je treba beležiti temperaturo gojišča v nadomestni posodi, ki je pod enakimi pogoji v rastni komori, inkubatorju ali prostoru.
If a static test design is used, the pH of each treatment should be measured at the beginning and at the end of the test.
Vrednost pH in koncentracijo raztopljenega kisika v preskusnem gojišču je treba v vseh posodah s ponovljenimi vzorci preveriti na začetku preskusa, vsaj enkrat med študijo in na koncu preskusa.
If a semi-static test design is used, the pH should be measured in each batch of ‘fresh’ test solution prior to each renewal and also in the corresponding ‘spent’ solutions.
Vsakič je treba meritve opraviti ob istem času.
Light intensity should be measured in the growth chamber, incubator or room at points in the same distance from the light source as the test organisms.
Če se za pripravo vseh ponovljenih vzorcev pri vsaki preskusni koncentraciji uporabijo nepakirane raztopine, je na dan 0 sprejemljiva ena meritev vsake nepakirane raztopine.
Measurements should be made at least once during the test.
Obsevanost je treba meriti v rastni komori, inkubatorju ali prostoru na točkah, ki so enake ravni vodne gladine.
The temperature of the medium in a surrogate vessel held under the same conditions in the growth chamber, incubator or room should be recorded at least daily (or continuously with a data logger).
Meritve je treba opraviti vsaj enkrat na začetku preskusa ali med preskusom.
During the test, the concentrations of the test chemical(s) are determined at appropriate intervals.
Metoda zaznavanja in merjenja svetlobe, zlasti vrsta tipala, vpliva na izmerjeno vrednost.
In static tests, the minimum requirement is to determine the concentrations at the beginning and at the end of the test.
Analitske meritve preskusne kemikalije
In semi-static tests where the concentrations of the test chemical(s) are not expected to remain within ± 20 % of the nominal concentration, it is necessary to analyse all freshly prepared test solutions and the same solutions at each renewal.
Pravilna uporaba preskusne kemikalije mora biti podprta z analitskimi meritvami koncentracij preskusne kemikalije.
However, for those tests where the measured initial concentrations of the test chemical(s) are not within ± 20 % of nominal but where sufficient evidence can be provided to show that the initial concentrations are repeatable and stable (i.e. within the range 80 - 120 % of the initial concentration), chemical determinations may be carried out on only the highest and lowest test concentrations.
Vzorce vode za analizo preskusne kemikalije je treba za vse preskusne koncentracije zbrati takoj po začetku preskusa (tj. na dan dodajanja pri obstojnih preskusnih kemikalijah ali eno uro po dodajanju pri neobstojnih kemikalijah) in ob zaključku preskusa.
In all cases, determination of test concentrations prior to renewal need only be performed on one replicate vessel at each test concentration (or the contents of the vessels pooled by replicate).
Koncentracije v usedlini in porni vodi usedline je treba določiti na začetku in na koncu preskusa vsaj pri najvišji preskusni koncentraciji, razen če je za preskusne kemikalije znano, da so obstojne v vodi (> 80 % nominalne vrednosti).
If there is evidence that the test concentration has been satisfactorily maintained within ± 20 % of the nominal or measured initial concentration throughout the test, analysis of the results can be based on nominal or measured initial values.
Meritve v usedlini in porni vodi morda ne bodo potrebne, če je bila porazdelitev preskusne kemikalije med vodo in usedlino jasno določena v študiji vode/usedline v primerljivih pogojih (npr. razmerje med usedlino in vodo, metoda dodajanja, vrsta usedline).
If the deviation from the nominal or measured initial concentration is not within ± 20 %, analysis of the results should be based on the geometric mean concentration during exposure or models describing the decline of the concentration of the test chemical (5).
Vzorčenje usedline na začetku preskusa bo najverjetneje motilo preskusni sistem.
Under some circumstances, e.g. when a preliminary test indicates that the test chemical has no toxic effects at concentrations up to 100 mg/l or up to its limit of solubility in the test medium or in case of a formulation up to its limit of dispersibility, a limit test involving a comparison of responses in a control group and one treatment group (100 mg/l or a concentration equal to the limit of solubility), may be undertaken.
Zato so lahko potrebne dodatne tretirane preskusne posode, da se omogočijo analitske določitve na začetku in na koncu preskusa.
It is strongly recommended that this is supported by analysis of the exposure concentration.
Če se oceni, da so potrebne vmesne ocene, tj. na dan 7, in so za analize potrebni veliki vzorci usedline, ki jih ni mogoče zlahka odstraniti iz preskusnega sistema, je treba analitsko določanje podobno opraviti z uporabo dodatnih preskusnih posod, ki so tretirane na isti način kot posode, ki se uporabljajo za biološke ocene.
All previously described test conditions and validity criteria apply to a limit test, with the exception that the number of treatment replicates should be doubled.
Za izolacijo intersticijske vode se na primer priporoča 30-minutno centrifugiranje pri 10000 g in 4 °C.
Response variables
V nekaterih primerih koncentracij v porni vodi zaradi premajhne velikosti vzorca morda ne bo mogoče analizirati.
The purpose of the test is to determine the effects of a test chemical on the vegetative growth of Myriophyllum spicatum.
Pri polstatičnih preskusih (tj. izpostavljenost prek vodne faze), pri katerih se ne pričakuje, da bo koncentracija ustreznih preskusnih kemikalij med trajanjem preskusa ostala v območju 20 % nominalne koncentracije brez zamenjave testnih raztopin, je treba vzorčiti uporabljene in sveže pripravljene testne raztopine za analizo koncentracije preskusne kemikalije ob vsaki zamenjavi.
This test method describes two response variables.
Kadar izmerjena začetna koncentracija preskusne kemikalije ni v območju 20 % nominalne koncentracije, vendar obstajajo zadostni dokazi, da so začetne koncentracije ponovljive in obstojne (tj. v območju 80–120 % začetne koncentracije), se lahko kemijske določitve opravijo le pri najvišji in najnižji preskusni koncentraciji.
Average specific growth rate
V vseh primerih je treba izvesti določanje koncentracij preskusne kemikalije samo na eni posodi s ponovljenim vzorcem pri vsaki preskusni koncentraciji.
This response variable is calculated on the basis of changes in the logarithms of main shoot length, and in addition, on the basis of changes in the logarithms of other measurement parameters, i.e. total shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight or number of whorls over time (expressed per day) in the controls and each treatment group.
Alternativno se lahko testne raztopine vseh ponovljenih vzorcev za vsako koncentracijo združijo za analize.
At the beginning of the test, the test organism has no lateral branches and no roots (based on the preparation from the pre-culture); starting from the value zero, the calculation of the average specific growth rate is not defined.
V teh primerih morajo učinkovite koncentracije temeljiti na nominalnih ali izmerjenih koncentracijah vode na začetku preskusa.
Yield
Če pa obstajajo dokazi, da se je koncentracija zmanjšala med preskusom (tj. se ni ohranjala v območju 20 % nominalne ali izmerjene začetne koncentracije v tretiranem oddelku), mora analiza rezultatov temeljiti na geometrijski srednji koncentraciji med izpostavljenostjo ali modelih, ki opisujejo zmanjšanje koncentracije preskusne kemikalije v tretiranem oddelku (11).
This response variable is calculated on the basis of changes in main shoot length, and in addition, on the basis of changes in other measurement parameters — i.e. preferably total shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight or number of whorls, and other parameters if deemed useful — in the controls and in each treatment group until the end of the test.
OVREDNOTENJE PODATKOV
Toxicity estimates should be based on main shoot length and three additional measurement variables (i.e. preferably total shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight or number of whorls, see paragraph 37 and Notes 2, 4 and 5 to this paragraph), because some chemicals may affect other measurement variables much more than the main shoot length.
Če je treba uporabiti topilo/disperzijsko sredstvo, se lahko podatki iz kontrol s topilom in netretiranih kontrol združijo za namene statističnih analiz, če se odzivi kontrol s topilom in netretiranih kontrol statistično značilno ne razlikujejo.
This effect would not be detected by calculating main shoot length only.
Namen preskusa je z uporabo dveh spremenljivk odziva, in sicer povprečne specifične hitrosti rasti in prirasta, ugotoviti, kakšne učinke ima preskusna kemikalija na vegetativno rast preskusne vrste v skladu z naslednjimi postopki:
The average specific growth rate for a specific period is calculated as the logarithmic increase in the growth variables — main shoot length and three additional measurement variables (i.e. total shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight or number of whorls) — using the formula below for each replicate of control and treatments:
Ta spremenljivka odziva temelji na spremembah logaritmov skupne dolžine poganjka, skupne sveže teže poganjka in skupne suhe teže poganjka v časovnem obdobju v kontrolah in vsaki tretirani skupini.
average specific growth rate from time i to j
Ta spremenljivka se izračuna za vsak ponovljeni vzorec vsake kontrolne in tretirane skupine.
measurement variable in the test or control vessel at time i
Povprečno dolžino in težo treh rastlin na preskusno posodo (ponovljeni vzorec) ter posledično hitrost rasti za vsak ponovljeni vzorec je treba izračunati po naslednji enačbi:
measurement variable in the test or control vessel at time j
Na podlagi odzivov ponovljenih vzorcev je treba za vsako tretirano in kontrolno skupino izračunati aritmetično povprečje hitrosti rasti in oceniti varianco.
t time period from i to j
Nato se lahko za vsako preskusno koncentracijo (tretirano skupino) izračuna odstotek zaviranja hitrosti rasti (Ir) po naslednji enačbi:
For each treatment group and control group, calculate a mean value for growth rate along with variance estimates.
μC aritmetično povprečje za μ v kontrolni skupini,
The average specific growth rate should be calculated for the entire test period (time “i” in the above formula is the beginning of the test and time “j” is the end of the test).
μT aritmetično povprečje za μ v tretirani skupini.
For each test concentration and control, calculate a mean value for average specific growth rate along with the variance estimates.
Ta spremenljivka odziva temelji na spremembah skupne dolžine poganjka, skupne sveže teže poganjka in skupne suhe teže poganjka v časovnem obdobju v kontrolah in vsaki tretirani skupini.
In addition, the section-by-section growth rate should be assessed in order to evaluate effects of the test chemical occurring during the exposure period (e.g. by inspecting log-transformed growth curves).
odstotek zmanjšanja prirasta,
Percent inhibition of growth rate (Ir) may then be calculated for each test concentration (treatment group) according to the following formula:
končna biomasa minus začetna biomasa v kontrolni skupini,
% Ir percent inhibition in average specific growth rate
končna biomasa minus začetna biomasa v tretirani skupini.
μC mean value for μ in the control
Izrisati je treba krivulje koncentracija–odziv, ki prikazujejo povprečen odstotek zaviranja spremenljivke odziva (Ir ali Iy), ki se izračuna, kot je prikazano zgoraj, in krivuljo logaritemsko transformirane koncentracije preskusne kemikalije.
μT mean value for μ in the treatment group
Ocene vrednosti ECx (npr. EC50) morajo temeljiti na povprečni specifični hitrosti rasti (ErCx) in prirastu (EyCx), vsaka od teh vrednosti pa temelji na skupni sveži teži poganjka, skupni suhi teži poganjka in skupni dolžini poganjka.
Effects on yield are determined on the basis of the measurement variable main shoot length and three additional measurement variables (i.e. preferably total shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight or number of whorls) present in each test vessel at the start and at the end of the test.
Po linearni transformaciji podatkov o odzivu se lahko uporabi tehtana linearna regresija, na primer v probit ali logaritemskih ali Weibullovih enotah (13), vendar so nelinearni regresijski postopki prednostne tehnike, ki bolje obravnavajo neizogibne nepravilnosti in odstopanja podatkov od enakomerne porazdelitve.
For fresh weight or dry weight, the starting biomass is determined on the basis of a sample of test organisms taken from the same batch used to inoculate the test vessels.
Če se te nepravilnosti približujejo ničelnemu ali popolnemu zaviranju, se lahko s transformacijo povečajo in ovirajo analizo (13).
For each test concentration and control, calculate a mean value for yield along with variance estimates.
Specifični postopki za določanje vrednosti ECx iz stalnih podatkov so na voljo v (14), (15), (16) in (17).
The mean percent inhibition in yield ( % Iy) may be calculated for each treatment group as follows:
Določijo se 95-odstotne meje zaupanja za vsako oceno in grafično ali statistično je treba oceniti, kako se podatki o odzivu prilegajo regresijskemu modelu.
% Iy percent reduction in yield
Ocene EC50 in meje zaupanja se lahko pridobijo tudi z linearno interpolacijo s samovzorčenjem (18), če razpoložljivi regresijski modeli/metode niso primerni za podatke.
bC final biomass minus starting biomass for the control group
Povprečje za vsako koncentracijo se z uporabo primerne preskusne metode (npr. z Dunnettovim ali Williamsovim testom) nato primerja s srednjo vrednostjo kontrole (19) (20) (21) (22).
bT final biomass minus starting biomass in the treatment group
Oceniti je treba, ali veljata predpostavki normalne porazdelitve in homogenosti varianc v analizi variance.
Doubling time
To oceno je treba izvesti s Shapiro-Wilkovim testom (normalna porazdelitev) ali Levenejevim testom (homogenost varianc).
To determine the doubling time (Td) of main shoot length and adherence to this validity criterion (see paragraph 8), the following formula is used with data obtained from the control vessels:
Če predpostavki normalne porazdelitve in homogenosti varianc nista izpolnjeni, se lahko ponekod to popravi z logaritemsko transformacijo podatkov.
Td = ln 2/μ
Če sta heterogenost variance in/ali odstopanje od normalne porazdelitve izredno velika in ju ni mogoče odpraviti s transformacijo, je treba proučiti možnosti analize z metodami, kot sta Bonferronijev-Welchev t-test, Bonferronijev test mediane ter test po Jonckheere-Terpstraju.
Where μ is the average specific growth rate determined as described in paragraphs 50-52.
Dodatna navodila o določanju vrednosti NOEC so na voljo v (16).
Plotting concentration-response curves
POROČANJE
Concentration-response curves relating mean percentage inhibition of the response variable (Ir, or Iy calculated as shown in paragraph 53) and the log concentration of the test chemical should be plotted.
V poročilu o preskusu je treba navesti naslednje informacije:
ECx estimation
Znanstveno ime in vir.
Estimates of the ECx should be based upon both average specific growth rate (ErCx) and yield (EyCx), each of which should in turn be based upon main shoot length, and possibly additional measurement variables (i.e. preferably total shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight or number of whorls).
Trajanje in pogoji faze vzpostavitve.
This is because there are chemicals that impact main shoot length and other measurement variables differently.
Uporabljeni preskusni postopek (statični, polstatični, pulzirajoči).
The desired toxicity parameters are therefore four ECx values for each inhibition level x calculated: ErCx (main shoot length); ErCx (i.e. preferably total shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight, or number of whorls); EyCx (main shoot length); and EyCx (i.e. preferably total shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight or number of whorls).
Datum začetka preskusa in njegovo trajanje.
It should be noted that ECx values calculated using these two response variables are not comparable and this difference is recognised when using the results of the test.
Preskusno gojišče, tj. usedlina in tekoče hranilno gojišče.
ECx values based upon average specific growth rate (ErCx) will in most cases be higher than results based upon yield (EyCx) — if the test conditions of this test method are adhered to — due to the mathematical basis of the respective approaches.
Opis načrta poskusa: rastna komora/prostor ali laboratorij, preskusne posode in pokrovi, količine raztopin, dolžina in teža preskusnih rastlin na preskusno posodo na začetku preskusa, razmerje med površino usedline in vodno gladino, razmerje med usedlino in količino vode.
This difference should not be interpreted as a difference in sensitivity between the two response variables, simply the values are different mathematically.
Preskusne koncentracije (nominalne in izmerjene, kot je ustrezno) in število ponovljenih vzorcev za posamezno koncentracijo.
Statistical procedures
Metode priprave osnovnih in testnih raztopin, vključno z uporabo kakršnih kolih topil ali disperzijskih sredstev.
The aim is to obtain a quantitative concentration-response relationship by regression analysis.
Temperatura med preskusom.
It is possible to use a weighted linear regression after having performed a linearising transformation of the response data, for instance with probit or logit or Weibull models (7), but non-linear regression procedures are preferred techniques that better handle unavoidable data irregularities and deviations from smooth distributions.
Svetlobni vir, obsevanost (μE·m-2 s-1).
Approaching either zero or total inhibition such irregularities may be magnified by the transformation, interfering with the analysis (7).
Vrednosti pH preskusnega in kontrolnega gojišča ter videz preskusnega gojišča na začetku in na koncu preskusa.
It should be noted that standard methods of analysis using probit, logit, or Weibull transforms are intended for use on quantal (e.g. mortality or survival) data, and should be modified to accommodate growth rate or yield data.
Koncentracije kisika.
Specific procedures for determination of ECx values from continuous data can be found in (8) (9) (10).
Metoda analize z ustreznimi podatki za oceno kakovosti (validacijske študije, standardni odkloni ali meje zaupanja analiz).
For each response variable to be analysed, use the concentration-response relationship to calculate point estimates of ECx values.
Metode za določanje merjenih spremenljivk, npr. dolžine, suhe teže in sveže teže.
When possible, the 95 % confidence limits for each estimate should be determined.
Vsa odstopanja od te preskusne metode.
Goodness of fit of the response data to the regression model should be assessed either graphically or statistically.
Neobdelani podatki: dolžina poganjka in teža poganjka rastlin/lončka ter druge merjene spremenljivke za vsako preskusno in kontrolno posodo ob vsakem opazovanju in analizi v skladu s časovnim načrtom iz preglednice 1.
Regression analysis should be performed using individual replicate responses, not treatment group means.
Povprečja in standardni odkloni za vsako merjeno spremenljivko.
estimates and confidence limits may also be obtained using linear interpolation with bootstrapping (10), if available regression models/methods are unsuitable for the data.
Krivulje rasti za vsako koncentracijo.
For estimation of the LOEC and hence the NOEC, it is necessary to compare treatment means using analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques.
Podvojitveni čas/hitrost rasti v kontroli na podlagi dolžine in sveže teže poganjka, vključno s koeficienti variacije za prirast sveže teže.
The mean for each concentration is then compared with the control mean using an appropriate multiple comparison or trend test method.
Izračunane spremenljivke odziva za vsak tretirani ponovljeni vzorec s povprečji in koeficientom variacije za ponovljene vzorce.
Dunnett's or Williams'test may be useful (12) (13) (14) (15) (16).
Grafična predstavitev razmerja med koncentracijo in učinkom.
It is necessary to assess whether the ANOVA assumption of homogeneity of variance holds.
Ocene toksičnih končnih točk za spremenljivke odziva, npr. EC50, in povezani intervali zaupanja.
This assessment may be performed graphically or by a formal test (15).
Vrednosti LOEC in/ali NOEC, če sta izračunani, in statistične metode za njuno določitev.
Suitable tests are Levene's or Bartlett's.
Če je bila uporabljena analiza variance, velikost opaženega učinka (npr. najmanjša značilna razlika).
Failure to meet the assumption of homogeneity of variances can sometimes be corrected by logarithmic transformation of the data.
Vsaka stimulacija rasti, opažena pri katerem koli tretiranju.
If heterogeneity of variance is extreme and cannot be corrected by transformation, analysis by methods such as step-down Jonkheere trend tests should be considered.
Kakršni koli vidni znaki fitotoksičnosti ter opažanja testnih raztopin.
Additional guidance on determining the NOEC can be found in (10).
Razprava o rezultatih, vključno z vsemi vplivi na rezultat preskusa, ki izhajajo iz odstopanj od te preskusne metode.
Recent scientific developments have led to a recommendation of abandoning the concept of NOEC and replacing it with regression based point estimates ECx.
Poglavje C.26 te priloge: Preskus zaviranja rasti Lemna sp.
An appropriate value for x has not been established for this Myriophyllum test.
Poglavje C.3 te priloge: Sladkovodne alge in cianobakterije, preskus zaviranja rasti.
However, a range of 10 to 20 % appears to be appropriate (depending on the response variable chosen), and preferably both the EC10 and EC20 and their confidence limits should be reported.
ISO 16191:2013.
Reporting
Water quality – Determination of the toxic effect of sediment on the growth behaviour of Myriophyllum aquaticum.
Multi-constituent substance, UVCBs or mixture:
Poglavje C.50 te priloge: Preskus toksičnosti za klasasti rmanec (Myriophyllum spicatum) brez usedline
Test species
Poglavje C.28 te priloge: Preskus strupenosti s trzačami v sistemu vode in usedline z uporabo vode s primešano preskusno snovjo
Scientific name and source.
Ratte, M., H. Ratte (2014). „Myriophyllum Toxicity Test: Result of a ring test using M. aquaticum and M. spicatum grown in a water-sediment system“, OECD Environment, Health and Safety Publications (EHS), Series on Testing and Assessment, št. 206, OECD Publishing, Pariz.
Test procedure used (static or semi-static).
Herbicide risk assessment for non-target aquatic plants: sulfosulfuron – a case study, Pest Management Science, zv.
Date of start of the test and its duration.
59/2, str. 231–237.
Test medium.
SESTAVA GOJIŠČA PO SMARTU IN BARKU
Description of the experimental design: test vessels and covers, solution volumes, main shoot length per test vessel at the beginning of the test.
Količina reagenta, dodana v vodo [1] (v mg/l)
Test concentrations (nominal and measured as appropriate) and number of replicates per concentration.
pH (ravnovesje v zraku)
Methods of preparation of stock and test solutions including the use of any solvents or dispersants.
Demineralizirana (tj. destilirana ali deionizirana) voda
Temperature during the test.
Za 20 °C vrednost ni na voljo, vendar se lahko predvideva, da je variabilnost rezultatov meritev večja kot pričakovana odvisnost od temperature.