natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The measure also made no provision for a clawback mechanism in the event of windfall profits.
Med zadnjo znano resno okvaro v Franciji, ki je bila leta 1978, so tri četrtine države za nekaj ur ostale brez električne energije, vendar se tak primer ni nikoli ponovil, saj je družba RTE sprejela potrebne ukrepe, da se tovrstni dogodek ne bi ponovil.
Lastly, the Commission expressed doubts as to whether the measure could avoid an undesirable negative impact on competition and trade between Member States.
Nasprotno pa je v drugih pripombah zainteresiranih strani poudarjena združljivost ukrepa s ciljem skupnega interesa.
Firstly, the measure was not technologically neutral.
Kakih 20 med njimi jih meni, da zanesljivost oskrbe v Bretanji ni učinkovita.
It excluded other measures that might help to resolve the capacity problem: demand-side response, interconnection, storage solutions, and also other technologies (such as combustion turbines).
Bretanja ima poleg posebne geografske lege na skrajnem koncu omrežja tudi skromno lokalno proizvodnjo električne energije, s katero pokrije zgolj 13,3 % odjema [17].
Secondly, in view of the option given to Direct Energie to sell the energy produced to EDF at a 5 % discount rather than marketing it itself, the Commission was concerned about the risk of strengthening the position of EDF on the energy supply market.
Prav tako v njenem proizvodnem parku primanjkuje elektrarn za proizvodnjo pri osnovni obremenitvi, s katerimi bi se lahko samostojno pokrilo povpraševanje, kar naj bi upravičevalo postavitev elektrarne s kombiniranim ciklom.
COMMENTS BY INTERESTED PARTIES
Čeprav se v regiji povečuje proizvodnja energije iz obnovljivih virov, pa je zaradi nestalnosti teh virov namreč potrebna postavitev elektrarne za proizvodnjo pri osnovni obremenitvi, da bi se nadoknadilo morebitno pomanjkanje zmogljivosti ob koničnih obremenitvah.
During the period of consultation on the opening decision, the Commission received 58 responses from interested parties other than the French State.
Nujnost ukrepa
These responses are grouped by topic below.
Krepitev omrežja
They will be addressed in the course of the assessment of the measure.
Nekatere zainteresirane strani trdijo, da ukrep ni nujen zaradi slabega dimenzioniranja omrežja v regiji.
Common interest
ilovoltni daljnovodi na severu Bretanje so močno prezasedeni.
Thirty-nine interested parties believe that the French authorities overestimate the danger of power cuts.
Več zainteresiranih strani zato meni, da bi s prihodnjo izgradnjo 225-kilovoltnega podzemnega električnega daljnovoda, ki bi povezoval transformatorske postaje Calan (Morbihan), Mûr-de-Bretagne in Plaine-Haute (Côtes d'Armor), zagotovili zanesljivo oskrbo z električno energijo v Bretanji, saj bi omogočili uvoz dodatnih 700 MW v Bretanjo in olajšali ustrezno dobavo električne energije iz naprav za proizvodnjo energije iz obnovljivih virov v regiji (na kopnem in morju).
Even during the exceptionally cold weather in 2012, no such power cuts occurred.
Z njegovim začetkom uporabe, načrtovanim za november 2017, bo dokončano bretonsko električno omrežje, tako da bo zagotovljena trajna oskrba severnega in osrednjega dela Bretanje.
The cuts that did take place in Brittany were caused by factors external to the operation of the grid, such as falling trees.
Ugotavljajo, da so tudi druge francoske regije uvoznice električne energije: Ile de France, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté ter v manjši meri Pays de la Loire in regija Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (v nadaljnjem besedilu: PACA).
The last serious blackout experienced in France, in 1978, deprived three-quarters of the country of electricity for several hours; but no such incident has ever recurred, RTE having taken the steps necessary to ensure that this will not happen again.
V teh regijah so imele naložbe v krepitev omrežja prednost pred postavitvijo nove proizvodne elektrarne.
Other interested parties, however, submit that the measure is compatible with the objective of common interest.
Na primer, regija PACA se je odločila za vzpostavitev varovalne mreže, ki jo sestavljajo trije 225-kilovoltni podzemni električni daljnovodi, kar ji danes omogoča tako zmogljivo in zanesljivo oskrbo z električno energijo, kot jo ima preostali del Francije [18].
Around 20 of them say that there is no effective security of supply in Brittany.
Zato več zainteresiranih strani predlaga „omrežno“ rešitev: ocenjujejo, da bi podvojitev daljnovoda Plaine Haute-Domloup na 400 kV ali okrepitev 225-kilovoltnega daljnovoda omogočila povečanje prenosne zmogljivosti in torej dovolj velik uvoz električne energije, da bi bila zagotovljena zanesljivost oskrbe.
The particular geographical situation of Brittany, which is located at the end of the line, is combined with weak local generation of electricity that meets only 13,3 % of consumption [17].
V zvezi z zadnjo možnostjo ENGIE opozarja, da bi podvojitev daljnovoda na 400 kV zagotovila dodatno prenosno zmogljivost, ki bi celo dolgoročno precej presegala nujno potrebno, tako da naložba ni upravičena.
There is also an absence of baseload power stations able to cover demand independently, and this justifies the construction of the CCG power station.
Okrepitev 225-kilovoltnega daljnovoda bi bolj ustrezala dejanskim potrebam, vendar bi bilo posledično treba podaljšati omrežje.
Although the region has seen a rise in energy production from renewable resources, their intermittent nature demands the creation of a baseload production plant to mitigate their potential inability to meet peaks in demand.
Gibanje povpraševanja
Need for the measure
Več strank meni, da glede na gibanje povpraševanja ukrep ni nujen za dosego cilja zanesljivosti oskrbe.
Strengthening the grid
Pri tem se najprej opirajo na poročilo družbe RTE iz leta 2014, glede na katero se toplotna občutljivost zmanjšuje.
A number of interested parties argue that there is no need for the measure because any difficulties are due to the flawed dimensions of the grid in the region.
Tako se je leta 2014 v Bretanji odjem povečal za 150 MW, ko se je temperatura znižala za eno stopinjo.
There is significant congestion on the 225 kV lines in northern Brittany.
Pred tem je to povečanje znašalo 200 MW na izgubljeno stopinjo.
Several interested parties therefore consider that the impending construction of an underground 225 kV electricity line connecting the substations in Calan (in Morbihan) and Mûr-de-Bretagne and Plaine-Haute (in Côtes d'Armor) will secure electricity supplies in Brittany by enabling the importation into Brittany of an additional 700 MW and by facilitating the smooth transmission of electricity from the region's renewable energy facilities on land and offshore.
Dalje, 16 zainteresiranih strani pričakuje zmanjšanje odjema zaradi uvedbe pametnih števcev in začetka izvajanja pobude Ecowatt.
They submit that the commissioning of this line, expected in November 2017, will complete the electrical grid in the region and secure supply to the north and centre of Brittany on a lasting basis.
Ta pobuda državljanom, ki to želijo, omogoča, da so obveščeni o napetosti v omrežju, da lahko posledično zmanjšajo porabo električne energije.
They observe that other French regions are also significant importers of electricity: Île de France, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté and, to a lesser extent, the Pays de la Loire and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur.
Zainteresirane strani menijo, da bi se moralo z izboljšanjem energetske učinkovitosti stavb gibanje povpraševanja ustaliti na ravni obvladovanja večjega povpraševanja, kar razkriva, da ukrep ni nujen.
In these regions, investment in upgrading the network has been preferred to the construction of a new power station.
Nekatere zainteresirane strani, ki podpirajo projekt, pa se po drugi strani opirajo na napovedano demografsko rast v Bretanji, kar skupaj z veliko toplotno občutljivostjo upravičuje nujnost ukrepa, da bi se odzvali na pričakovano povečanje povpraševanja.
For example, the region of Provence-Alpes Côte d'Azur chose to acquire a safety net consisting of three underground 225 kV electricity lines, which today gives it an electricity supply that is as effective and reliable as anywhere in France [18].
Gibanje obsega proizvodnje
In consequence, a number of interested parties propose a grid-based solution.
Nekatere zainteresirane strani ocenjujejo, da glede na gibanje obsega proizvodnje ukrep ni nujen:
They suggest that doubling the 400 kV line from Plaine-Haute to Domloup, or strengthening the 225 kV line, would increase transmission capacity and make it possible to import electricity at a level sufficient to guarantee security of supply.
10 zainteresiranih strani polega tega navaja, da sta ta obrata kronično premalo izkoriščena, tako da je pomoč za izgradnjo novega proizvodnega obrata nepotrebna.
On this last option, ENGIE observes that doubling the 400 kV line would provide additional transport capacity well in excess of requirements, even in the long term, making the investment hard to justify.
Na primer, združenje Consommation, Logement et Cadre de Vie trdi, da plinski turbini v občinah Brennilis in Dirinon obratujeta le od nekaj deset ur (približno 70 ur v letu 2012) do nekaj sto ur (približno 265 ur v letu 2010).
Strengthening the 225 kV line would therefore be more appropriate to real needs, but it would still require work on a significant length of grid.
ENGIE dalje meni, da bi plinska turbina družbe SPEM Pointe, ki ima na podlagi povabila k oddaji ponudb sklenjene pogodbe za hitro in dodatno rezervno zmogljivost z družbo RTE v višini 25000 EUR/MW/leto, ponujala številne prednosti v primerjavi z novo napravo, kot so nizka nakupna cena plinske turbine in že amortizirani stroški priključitve na električno omrežje.
Changes in demand
Podjetje tako navaja, da je premija, ki jo je družba RTE določila v okviru teh povabil k oddaji ponudb, nižja od letne premije v višini 40 milijonov EUR, ki se zahteva za projekt postavitve elektrarne s kombiniranim ciklom na plin, to je 94000 EUR/MW/leto.
Several interested parties consider that changes in demand render the measure unnecessary in order to achieve the objective of security of supply.
In končno, zainteresirane strani omenjajo možnost, da regija električno energijo „uvozi“.
They base this argument firstly on a 2014 RTE report according to which temperature sensitivity is tending to diminish.
Nasprotniki projekta menijo, da bi lahko regija potrebno električno energijo dejansko dobila iz sosednjih regij, zlasti iz proizvodne elektrarne s plinsko turbino v Cordemaisu.
In 2014 consumption increased by 150 MW in Brittany when the temperature dropped by one degree.
Nasprotno pa 20 zainteresiranih strani meni, da je izvedba ukrepa upravičena glede na gibanje obsega proizvodnje.
Sixteen interested parties anticipate a reduction in demand, encouraged by the roll-out of smart meters and by the Ecowatt initiative.
Menijo, da je ukrep še toliko nujnejši, ker se plinski turbini bližata koncu življenjske dobe, saj bosta obratovali najpozneje do leta 2023.
The Ecowatt initiative enables citizens to volunteer to be informed when the network is under stress, so that they can reduce their electricity consumption.
Zaradi njunega načrtovanega zaprtja je torej treba dovolj zgodaj predvideti nadomestno možnost.
The interested parties believe that the measure is unnecessary because improvements in the energy performance of buildings will tend to bring demand under control.
Tri zainteresirane strani, ki podpirajo izgradnjo elektrarne s kombiniranim ciklom na plin, namreč opozarjajo, da naj bi te gorivne turbine zaradi okoljskih razlogov prenehale obratovati najpozneje leta 2023 in da gre torej lahko le za kratkoročno rešitev, ki ne bo zadostovala za dosego cilja zagotovitve zanesljive oskrbe v regiji.
Some interested parties who support the project draw attention to the forecast demographic increase in Brittany, which coupled with strong temperature sensitivity means that the measure is necessary in order to meet the expected rise in demand.
Ustreznost ukrepa
Changes in production
Več zainteresiranih strani zanika ustreznost ukrepa:
Some interested parties think that changes in production make the measure unnecessary.
Kot je pojasnjeno v uvodni izjavi 61, nasprotniki projekta menijo, da je projekt preobsežen glede na dejanske potrebe po odjemu v Bretanji.
Opponents of the project point first to the fact that investments have already been made in prolonging the life of the sites at Brennilis and Dirinon, and that as a result their closure date has been put back from 2017 to 2023.
Konični odjem je za skrajni konec departmaja Finistère ocenjen na 200 MW v obdobju 200–400 ur na leto.
Consequently, five interested parties consider that the production level of the existing gas turbines will mitigate the peaks in consumption and avoid the risk of generalised blackout.
Projekt, ki ga načrtujeta država in regionalni svet – 450 MW za več kot 3000 ur na leto –, naj bi bil torej preobsežen.
Ten interested parties also argue that these sites are persistently underused, making it unnecessary to subsidise the construction of a new generation plant.
Poleg tega je glede na analize družbe RTE [19], na katere se sklicujejo nekateri nasprotniki projekta, znižanje stopnje rasti povpraševanja po energiji mogoče utemeljiti s strukturnimi vzroki (počasnejša rast prebivalstva, vpliv gospodarske krize in ukrepi za energijsko učinkovitost).
For example, the association Consommation, Logement et Cadre de Vie states that the gas turbines at Brennilis and Dirinon operate only for something between a few dozen hours (around 70 in 2012) and a few hundred hours (about 265 hours in 2010) per year.
Po njihovem mnenju bi bilo treba dogovor PEB spremeniti, da bi se upoštevali ti dejavniki.
ENGIE secondly suggests that the SPEM Pointe gas turbine, which concludes contracts by invitation to tender to supply rapid top-up power to RTE at a cost of EUR 25000/MW/year, offers a number of advantages over a new plant, such as the low acquisition price of the gas turbine and the already amortised costs of connection to the electricity grid.
To je bilo obrazloženo že v uvodni izjavi 60(1).
ENGIE points out that the premium set by RTE in connection with those invitations to tender, at EUR 94000/MW/year, is lower than the annual premium of EUR 40 million required for the CCG project.
Nazadnje navajajo, da bi bili drugi projekti dolgoročno ustreznejši za rešitev težav z zanesljivostjo oskrbe v Bretanji, na primer projekt povezovalnega daljnovoda z Irsko ali izgradnja črpalne hidroelektrarne (v nadaljnjem besedilu: ČHE).
Finally, some interested parties mention the possibility that the region could import electricity.
Prvi projekt bo omogočil dolgoročno oskrbo regije z električno energijo in uresničuje cilje notranjega trga z energijo.
These opponents of the project say that the region could obtain the electricity it needs from neighbouring regions, in particular from the gas turbine power station at Cordemais.
Tudi projekt ČHE v Guerdélanu bi lahko po mnenju dveh zainteresiranih strani rešil težavo s pomanjkanjem energije ob koničnem odjemu.
Twenty interested parties, however, think that the measure is justified by changes in production.
Podporniki projekta trdijo naslednje:
Five interested parties in favour of the project say that the only power stations currently in Brittany are the gas turbine plants at Brennilis and Dirinon.
Več zainteresiranih strani najprej poudarja koristi odločitve za proizvodni obrat s kombiniranim ciklom na plin.
They believe that the measure is all the more necessary since these gas turbines are approaching the end of their cycle, and will be in operation until 2023 at the latest.
Ta po njihovem mnenju ponuja boljši izkoristek in stabilnejšo proizvodnjo kot obrati, ki izkoriščajo obnovljive vire energije.
Their planned closure therefore necessitates the preparation of an alternative sufficiently far ahead.
Po mnenju več zainteresiranih strani pomeni najboljši kompromis med učinkovitostjo in vplivi na okolje.
Appropriateness of the measure
Nasprotno pa bi se s postavitvijo novega proizvodnega obrata s kombiniranim ciklom na plin bistveno zmanjšala potreba po krepitvi omrežja (razlogi za to so med drugim navedeni v uvodni izjavi 78).
Several interested parties dispute the appropriateness of the measure.
Poleg tega številni terminali za utekočinjeni zemeljski plin v Franciji, zlasti postavitev novega obrata v Dunkerqueu, ki ga je spodbudila možnost vlagateljev, da se jim prizna izjema od načela dostopa tretjih oseb do omrežja, zagotavljajo zanesljivost oskrbe z zemeljskim plinom, ki je potrebna za dobro obratovanje elektrarne.
As explained in recital 61, opponents consider that given the actual consumption needs in Brittany the project is on much too large a scale.
Sedanji in prihodnji vlagatelji bi bili torej izenačeni.
Peak demand is estimated at 200 MW for some 200 to 400 hours annually in Finistère.
Spodbujevalni učinek
The project proposed by the State and the Regional Council — 450 MW for more than 3000 hours per year — would therefore have excess capacity.
V skladu z oddelkom 3.2.4 smernic ima ukrep spodbujevalni učinek, če upravičenca spodbuja k spremembi ravnanja, da bi se izboljšalo delovanje trga z energijo.
Further, according to the RTE analyses [19] cited by some of the interested parties who are opposed to the project, the slowing rate of increase in energy demand can be explained by structural causes (slowing population growth, the impact of the economic crisis, and energy efficiency measures).
Te spremembe ravnanja naj ne bi bilo brez pomoči.
They believe that the PEB should be amended to take account of these aspects.
ENGIE meni, da je spodbujevalni učinek ukrepa negativen.
The peak rate of demand has been fairly stable since 2009 and actually fell in 2014.
Premija daje negativen ekonomski signal na trgu električne energije v Franciji, saj elektrarno spodbuja k proizvodnji, ki presega dejanske potrebe trga, in s tem izriva druge akterje na trgu.
Further, temperature sensitivity is tending to diminish (as explained in section 4.1.2.2), which should automatically reduce peaks in demand.
Sorazmernost
This argument has been developed further in recital 60(1).
Neobstoj sorazmernosti poudarja več zainteresiranih strani:
Finally, they say that there are other projects that are better placed to meet Brittany's energy security problems in the long term, such as an interconnector with Ireland, or the construction of a pumped storage power station.
Najprej opozarjajo na višino pomoči, ki je po njihovem mnenju nesorazmerna in bi lahko privedla do previsokega nadomestila za elektrarno: prvič, projekt naj bi postal dobičkonosen po petih letih, medtem ko se bo premija izplačevala 20 let.
The first of these projects would supply the region with electricity in the long term, and is in line with the objectives of the internal market in energy.
Drugič, družba Direct Energie bo lahko električno energijo prodajala na trgu, ta dodatni prihodek pa se ob pripravi povabila k oddaji ponudb ni upošteval.
Two interested parties believe the Guerdélan pumped storage power station project would be able to resolve the energy shortfall during peaks in consumption.
Tretjič, v študiji, ki jo je predložil ENGIE, je poudarjena popolna nesorazmernost fiksne premije, ki jo zahteva konzorcij CEB.
The interested parties in favour of the project put forward the following arguments.
Subvencija v višini 20 milijonov EUR na leto v 20 letih bi namreč zadostovala za zagotovitev donosnosti elektrarne s kombiniranim ciklom na plin v Franciji.
Several highlight the attractiveness of opting for a CCG-type power station.
Premija za zmogljivost (brez priključitve na plinsko in električno omrežje), ki jo prejema elektrarna v občini Landivisiau, naj bi znašala 73000 EUR/MW/na leto pred zvišanjem, tako da bi elektrarna v Landivisiauu 20 let prejemala 31 milijonov EUR na leto, kar je precej več od potrebnih 20 milijonov EUR na leto.
They claim that it offers a better return and more stable output than sites using renewable energy sources.
Poleg tega več zainteresiranih strani dvomi o načinu financiranja s prispevkom javni službi za električno energijo (CSPE), ki je po njihovem mnenju nezakonit.
A number of contributors consider that it constitutes the best compromise in terms of efficacy and environmental impact.
Francoski organi namreč predvidevajo, da se bo nadomestilo, izplačano izbranemu ponudniku, prek prispevka CSPE odražalo v maloprodajnih cenah električne energije.
Some interested parties mention the appeal of cogeneration, but it is argued that the potential of such facilities remains limited (in the order of 150 MW) and that cogeneration would necessitate the construction of multiple power stations and grid connections.
Več zainteresiranih strani meni, da je financiranje s prispevkom CSPE nezakonito.
In contrast, the creation of a new CCG production plant would considerably reduce the need for work to upgrade the grid (for reasons set out in recital 78).
Po njihovem mnenju financiranje proizvodne elektrarne s kombiniranim ciklom na plin ni eden od ciljev prispevka CSPE, določenega z zakonom št. 2003-8 z dne 3. januarja 2003, zlasti ker je prispevek CSPE namenjen predvsem spodbujanju obnovljivih virov energije, kar izključuje elektrarno, na katero se nanaša ukrep.
Further, the presence of numerous LNG terminals in France, and in particular the creation of the new facility at Dunkirk, encouraged by the possibility left open to investors to obtain an exemption from the principle of third-party access to the network, ensures the security of the supply of gas that is essential to the proper operation of the power station.
ENGIE meni, da bi bila taka stopnja nadomestila zelo visoka v primerjavi z zelo majhnim tveganjem, ki bi ga prevzel konzorcij CEB, saj je premija za priključitev na plinsko omrežje prihodek, za katerega jamči francoska država, brez drugih tveganj, kot je tveganje v zvezi z razpoložljivostjo elektrarne s kombiniranim ciklom na plin v Landivisiauu.
There would therefore be a match between current and future investment levels.
Za primerjavo, v okviru povabila k oddaji ponudb, ki se je nanašalo na vetrne elektrarne na morju v celinski Franciji, donosnost priključitve družbe RTE ne sme preseči 7,25-odstotne stopnje donosnosti pred plačilom davkov (kar je 5,5-odstotna stopnja po plačilu davkov).
Incentive effect
Donosnost projekta v Landivisiauu, ki po plačilu davkov znaša med 9,8 % in 16,5 %, tako precej presega ta pragova [20].
Under paragraph 3.2.4 of the EEAG, an incentive effect occurs when aid induces the beneficiary to change its behaviour to improve the functioning of the energy market.
Premija za priključitev na plinsko omrežje v višini 23000 EUR/MW/leto brez zvišanja, bi po mnenju ENGIE zadostovala za zagotovitev 7,25-odstotne stopnje donosnosti pred plačilom davkov.
The change in behaviour must be one that would not be undertaken without the aid.
Učinek na konkurenco in trgovino med državami članicami
ENGIE considers that the incentive effect of the measure is negative.
Zainteresirane strani učinek na konkurenco razlagajo z dveh vidikov.
The premium sends a negative economic signal to the electricity market in France because it incentivises output that exceeds real market requirements and therefore ousts other players from the market.
Nasprotujejo si glede učinka pomoči na obstoječo konkurenco med proizvajalci na eni strani in med tehnologijami, ki se uporabljajo na račun virov energije, ki najmanj onesnažujejo, na drugi.
Proportionality
ENGIE v zvezi z morebitnim učinkom izkrivljanja konkurence meni, da bo pomoč prispevala h krepitvi prevladujočega položaja družbe EDF.
An absence of proportionality is highlighted by several interested parties.
Komisija je v sklepu o začetku postopka opozorila, da se v skladu s smernicami z načrtovanim ukrepom pomoči ne sme neupravičeno krepiti prevladujoč položaj prvotnega operaterja na trgu.
Secondly, Direct Energie will be authorised to sell the electricity on the market, but this additional income was not taken into account when the invitation to tender was drafted.
To izkrivljanje bi poleg tega pri vstopu na trg oviralo nove proizvajalce, ki ne bodo mogli sami vnaprej kriti stroškov obratovanja elektrarn.