natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
First, according to the French authorities, the allocation of certificates under the capacity mechanism is indeed consideration for an availability commitment at times of high demand or stress on the electricity system.
Natančneje, menijo, da trg zmogljivosti ne bo spremenil cene električne energije na promptnih trgih.
Second, the French authorities take the view that the public service obligation is clearly defined.
Predložitelji odgovorov na splošno menijo, da je mehanizem potreben in da bi moral biti sestavni del organizacije trga.
With regard to demand-side response, the optional nature of certification facilitates its participation in the capacity mechanism.
Le trije predložitelji odgovorov izpodbijajo potrebnost ukrepa, ker:
For generation plants, the declarative part of the certification process does not call into question the precise nature of the public service obligation: the CRE will be able to impose the necessary sanctions in the event of an attempt to manipulate the market, in particular should a participant underestimate its capacities in order to put upward pressure on the price of capacity guarantees.
v analizi zadostnosti proizvodnih zmogljivosti, ki jo je opravil RTE leta 2015, ni predvidena težava izpada;
As the capacity mechanism is technologically neutral, the authorities consider that it does not confer any selective advantage for any particular production or demand-side response technology.
je v Franciji zdaj presežna proizvodna zmogljivost, kakor dokazuje dejstvo, da je obseg certificiranih zmogljivosti za leto 2017 večji od obsega, potrebnega za zadostitev potrebam konične porabe; in
According to France, the Commission's point of view, in which it appears to consider that the capacity mechanism is selective in so far as it applies only to capacity operators (not to other sectors of the economy), means that any sectoral measure would be inherently selective.
se je poraba v zadnjih letih zmanjšala, konična poraba pa ustalila (RTE je predvidel povečanje konične porabe).
No respondents commented on this point.
Zanesljivost oskrbe
The French authorities consider that the capacity mechanism will have no impact on the electricity market, both at national level and in interactions with neighbouring countries, which will continue to function in the same manner.
Po navedbah francoskih organov je bil kazalnik zanesljivosti oskrbe dobro opredeljen in v zadnjih študijah RTE je bilo ugotovljeno tveganje izpada: v zadnji predvideni bilanci RTE, pripravljeni pred začetkom veljavnosti mehanizma (leta 2014), je v tej študiji za zimsko obdobje 2016–2017 v referenčnem scenariju naveden primanjkljaj pribitka 2 GW.
More specifically, they take the view that the capacity mechanism will not alter the price of electricity on spot markets.
Ta pribitek je bil v predvideni bilanci iz leta 2015 za zimsko obdobje 2017–2018 zmanjšan na 200 MW, vendar zaradi signala, danega z vzpostavitvijo mehanizma.
The respondents in general are of the view that the mechanism is necessary and that it should become an integral part of the market design.
Te analize naj bi bile podprte z analizami Pentalateral Energy Forum (petstranski energetski forum).
Only three respondents question the necessity of the measure, on the grounds that:
Nasprotno pa je študija zadostnosti, ki jo je opravilo REGRT-E (poročilo Scenario Outlook and Adequacy Forecast (scenarijska ocena in napoved zadostnosti)), temeljila na deterministični metodologiji: konična poraba zaradi hladnih valov in termosenzibilnost v oceni nista bili simulirani.
RTE's 2015 Generation Adequacy Report does not foresee any reliability issues;
Do teh razlik v rezultatih so privedle metodološke razlike.
there is currently overcapacity in France, as demonstrated by the fact that, for 2017, the volume of certified capacity is higher than that needed to serve peak demand; and
Z uporabo ciljne metodologije, ki jo poskuša uveljaviti REGRT-E, se bodo zmanjšala odstopanja med različnimi predvidenimi poslovnimi leti.
demand has been decreasing in recent years and peak demand is stable (RTE estimated an increase in peak demand).
V zvezi s tem se Mid-Term Adequacy Forecast (srednjeročna napoved zadostnosti), ki jo je leta 2016 objavilo REGRT-E [22] in ki je prva različica, temelječa na verjetnostni metodologiji, ujema z rezultati študije PLEF (petstranski energetski forum) in RTE.
Security of supply
V nasprotju s tem, kar se zdi razvidno iz navedb Komisije, francoski mehanizem zmogljivosti ni bil namenjen reševanju morebitnih težav denarnega primanjkljaja, temveč zagotovitvi zanesljivosti oskrbe francoskega elektroenergetskega sistema (zlasti med konično porabo), in sicer s plačilom nadomestila za razpoložljivost sredstev, za katerega ni mogoče zagotoviti zadostnega nadomestila samo na energetskem trgu.
According to the French authorities, a security of supply indicator was indeed defined and a shortfall risk was identified in RTE's latest studies: RTE's latest Generation Adequacy Report, drawn up before the mechanism came into force (in 2014), shows a margin deficit of 2 GW for winter 2016-2017 in the baseline scenario.
Francija izvaja več ukrepov, ki dopolnjujejo mehanizem zmogljivosti: projekte povezovalnih daljnovodov; spreminjanja reguliranih cen in tarif za uporabo javnih prenosnih in distribucijskih omrežij električne energije tako, da bolje izražajo primanjkljaje; razvoj zmogljivosti za izravnavo (na primer zaradi razvoja regulativnega okvira trgov električne energije, da se omogočijo vključitev izravnav v vse mehanizme, odprava tehničnih in konkurenčnih ovir za povezovanje zmogljivosti, uporaba inteligentnih števcev); uporabo obnovljivih virov itd.
This margin was reduced to 200 MW in the 2015 Generation Adequacy Report for winter 2017-18, but this was due to the signal given by the introduction of the mechanism.
Nasprotno, podpre jo, saj znova ponazori, da je zanesljivost oskrbe Francije odvisna od prihodnosti nekaterih toplotnih elektrarn (zlasti od elektrarn na kombinacijo plina) in izravnav porabe, ki sta prav panogi, ki sta najbolj dovzetni za vzpostavitev mehanizma zmogljivosti.
These analyses are confirmed by those of the Pentalateral Energy Forum.
Slika 3
However, the adequacy study carried out by ENTSO-E (the Scenario Outlook and Adequacy Forecast) used a deterministic methodology: the peak demand caused by cold spells and thermosensitivity was not modelled in the assessment.
Kazalniki izpada v scenariju proizvodnje toplotne energije z ohranitvijo vseh zmogljivosti in v scenariju proizvodnje toplotne energije z zaprtjem nekaterih zmogljivosti
The application of the target methodology that ENTSO-E is striving to implement will help reduce the discrepancies between these various forecast exercises.
2016–2017
In this regard, the Mid-Term Adequacy Forecast published in 2016 by ENTSO-E [22], which is the first version to use a probabilistic methodology, is consistent with the results of the study by PLEF and RTE.
2017–2018
Contrary to what the Commission appears to suggest, the French capacity mechanism was not designed to address any ‘missing money’ problems, but to guarantee the security of supply of the French electricity system (especially at times of peak demand), by remunerating the availability of facilities that cannot be remunerated in a satisfactory manner on the energy market alone.
2018–2019
France is implementing various measures in addition to the capacity mechanism: interconnection projects; reviews of regulated tariffs and tariffs for using public electricity transmission and distribution networks, so that they better reflect scarcity; the development of demand-side response capacities (e.g. through the development of the regulatory framework for electricity markets to enable demand-side response to be included in all mechanisms, the removal of technical and competitive barriers to the aggregation of capacities, the deployment of smart meters); the deployment of renewables, etc.
2019–2020
In the meanwhile, RTE has published its 2016 Generation Adequacy Report.
2020–2021
According to the French authorities, RTE's latest Generation Adequacy Report does not change their analysis.
Scenarij proizvodnje toplotne energije z ohranitvijo vseh zmogljivosti
On the contrary: it supports it by illustrating once again that France's security of supply depends on the future of certain thermal power plants (such as CCGTs) and demand-side response, i.e. precisely those energy sources that are most sensitive to the implementation of the capacity mechanism.
Nedobavljena energija
Figure 3
Pričakovano tveganje izpada
Shortfall indicators in ‘high thermal’ and ‘low thermal’ scenarios
Meja zmogljivosti ali primanjkljaj
Source: RTE 2016 Generation Adequacy Report.
Scenarij proizvodnje toplotne energije z zaprtjem nekaterih zmogljivosti
2016-17
Po navedbah RTE je med scenariji proizvodnje toplotne energije, predstavljenimi v predvideni bilanci iz leta 2016 (glej sliko 3), scenarij proizvodnje toplotne energije z zaprtjem nekaterih zmogljivosti tisti, ki bi ga bilo treba uporabiti, če ne bi bilo mehanizma zmogljivosti.
2017-18
Scenarij proizvodnje toplotne energije z zaprtjem nekaterih zmogljivosti vključuje zaprtje nekaterih proizvodnih sredstev, zlasti tistih, katerih zaprtje so operaterji za zdaj odložili, saj čakajo na začetek izvajanja mehanizma zmogljivosti.
Expected energy not served
Vir: RTE.
Loss of load expectation
Pričakovan izpad
‘Low thermal’ scenario
Izračun kaže, da bi pričakovan izpad vsakokrat presegel merilo izpada, ki ga je upoštevala Francija, to je pričakovan izpad v povprečju 3 ure na leto.
2 h 30
Treba je pripomniti, da je cilj francoskega mehanizma zmogljivosti zlasti zavarovanje pred najhladnejšimi zimami.
3 h 45
Pomisleki, ki jih je Komisija navedla v sklepu o začetku postopka
6 h 45
Komisija je v točki 164 obrazložitve sklepa o začetku postopka spomnila, da je Autorité de la Concurrence (organ, pristojen za konkurenco) predlagal uvedbo tarife za uporabo javnih prenosnih in distribucijskih omrežij električne energije (TURPE), prilagojenih uram in letnim časom, zlasti z razlikovanjem med urami z višjo in urami z nižjo tarifo, da bi se spodbudilo zmanjšanje povpraševanja industrijskih porabnikov v času konične porabe.
2 h 15
Komisija je, nazadnje, v točki 153 obrazložitve sklepa o začetku postopka menila, da dejavniki zmanjšanja zmogljivosti (v neobveznem regulativnem sistemu certifikacije) niso bili dovolj jasni.
According to RTE, among the thermal scenarios presented in the 2016 Generation Adequacy Report (see Figure 3), the ‘low thermal’ scenario should be applied in the absence of a capacity mechanism.
Francija je pojasnila, da v tem neobveznem regulativnem sistemu certifikacije raven certificirane zmogljivosti ustreza povprečju moči obrata v urah s ČKP2 v vseh preteklih letih, pomnoženim s koeficientom sektorskega prispevka (ali dejavnikom zmanjšanja porabe).
The ‘low thermal’ scenario includes the closure of certain facilities, e.g. those for which operators have currently postponed closure pending the introduction of the capacity mechanism.
Iz teh koeficientov prispevka (85 % za pretočne hidroelektrarne, 70 % za vetrne elektrarne in 25 % za sončne elektrarne) je razvidno, da povprečna razpoložljivost v urah s ČKP2 v obratih, v katerih se proizvaja nezadržljiva energija, ne izraža celotnega prispevka navedenih obratov k zmanjšanju tveganja izpada, in sicer zaradi: (i) povezave med razpoložljivostjo obrata in obdobji obremenitve sistema (kar ne velja za nadzorljivo zmogljivost) ter (ii) spremenljivega profila razpoložljivosti v urah s ČKP2 (nadzorljive zmogljivosti imajo pavšalni profil razpoložljivosti), kar ima določen učinek, saj funkcija verjetnosti izpada v urah s ČKP2 ni enotna.
The ‘high thermal’ scenario, however, corresponds to all current plants being maintained, independently of any economic considerations: according to the French authorities, there is therefore little chance of it becoming reality.
Količniki prispevka za leta dobave 2017, 2018 in 2019 so bili izračunani na podlagi scenarijev iz predvidene bilance RTE, na podlagi zelo številnih statističnih zaporedij.
Thus, in the ‘low thermal’ scenario, security of supply is threatened from winter 2017-2018, if an average winter is used as the baseline.
Razlikovanje med zmogljivostmi za izravnavo
Moreover, again assuming the ‘low thermal’ scenario, RTE calculated the expected shortfall by simulating an extreme winter, with cold spells, for the next five winters.
Večina predložiteljev odgovorov omenja diskriminacijo med implicitnimi in eksplicitnimi izravnavami.
The results of this calculation are shown in Figure 4.
Večina med njimi (5) meni, da je navedeni mehanizem ugodnejši za eksplicitne izravnave, in sicer zaradi obveznosti vklopa, naložene pri implicitni izravnavi, ki se doživlja bolj kot omejitev.
Figure 4
Dva predložitelja odgovorov sta pripomnila, da bi bilo treba v skladu z upoštevanim merilom zanesljivosti zmogljivost za eksplicitno izravnavo vklopiti le enkrat na deset let (navedeni mehanizem je bil zasnovan za zimsko konično porabo v desetletnem obdobju).
Expected shortfall in extreme winter (in hours)
Zato menita, da bi moralo biti število ur s ČKP2 (razpoložljivost eksplicitne izravnave) desetkrat večje od števila ur s ČKP1 (dejansko zmanjšanje implicitne izravnave).
Source: RTE.
Dva predložitelja odgovorov nasprotno poudarjata, da so po njunem mnenju pogoji implicitnih izravnav ugodnejši, saj morajo operaterji eksplicitne izravnave nositi stroške certifikacije.
Expected shortfall
Dva predložitelja odgovorov menita, da so francoski organi našli ustrezno ravnotežje med obveznostmi obeh vrst operaterjev zmogljivosti.
5-15
Francija se je zagovarjala tako, da je izpostavila različne obveznosti obeh vrst operaterjev zmogljivosti.
8-21
Po njenih trditvah so različni pogoji potrebni prav zato, da se lahko obe vrsti zmogljivosti vključita v mehanizem.
16-36
Natančneje, ker je nadomestilo, zahtevano za izravnavo, ki se oceni implicitno, večje (vklop proti razpoložljivost), je razumljivo, da je število dni, na katere se nanaša (dnevi s ČKP1), manjše od števila dni, v katerih mora biti razpoložljiv operater eksplicitne izravnave.
14-34
Nekatere zainteresirane strani so bile zaskrbljene, da je trajanje ČKP2, čeprav je daljše kot pri ČKP1, potencialno prekratko.
5-13
Po navedbah Francije je določanje ČKP1 in ČKP2 zapleteno vprašanje, pri katerem je treba nujno najti kompromisno rešitev.
The calculation shows that, every time, the expected shortfall would exceed the shortfall criterion used by France, i.e. an expected shortfall of an average duration of three hours per year.
RTE je izvedel študije in nazadnje dosegel zadovoljiv kompromis, njeni rezultati pa so bili predstavljeni v Rapport d'accompagnement de la proposition de règles du mécanisme de capacité (2014) (spremljevalno poročilo k predlogu pravil za mehanizem zmogljivosti).
It should be noted that the French capacity mechanism is designed precisely to protect against extreme winters.
Če povzamem, francoski organi so se za zajetje ur največje porabe (glej sliko 5 spodaj) in hkrati prikaz sodelovanja porabnikov, prek katerih je mogoče izvesti izravnavo pri zmanjšanju tveganja izpada, odločili, da za ČKP1 uporabijo časovni obseg 100 do 150 ur.
Other objections raised by the Commission in the Opening Decision
Slika 5
In recital 164 of the Opening Decision, the Commission pointed out that the Competition Authority had suggested the introduction of an hourly and seasonally adjusted TURPE, with a distinction between peak and off-peak periods, in order to provide an incentive for industrial consumers to reduce their demand during peak periods.
Povezave med izpadom in urami večje porabe
France confirmed that the TURPE is already hourly and seasonally adjusted, with prices differentiated according to the season, day of the week and/or the time of day.
Delež ur z izpadom
Lastly, in recital 153 of the Opening Decision, the Commission considered that the de-rating factors (in the optional legal certification scheme) were not clear enough.
Razpon ur večje porable
France explained that, in this optional legal certification scheme, the certified capacity level corresponds to the average power delivered by the facility during PP2 hours over all historical years, multiplied by the energy source contribution coefficient (or de-rating factor).
Vir: RTE, Rapport d'accompagnement de la proposition de règles du mécanisme de capacité (2014), str. 139 (spremljevalno poročilo k predlogu pravil za mehanizem zmogljivosti).
These contribution coefficients (85 % for run-of-river hydroelectricity, 70 % for wind and 25 % for solar) reflect the fact that, for facilities processing ‘unavoidable’ energy sources, the average availability during PP2 periods does not perfectly reflect the contribution of these facilities to reducing the shortfall risk owing to: (i) the correlation between the availability of the facility and periods of system stress (which is not the case for controllable capacity); and (ii) a profile of non-constant availability during PP2 hours (controllable capacities have an even availability profile), which has an impact since the shortfall probability function during PP2 hours is not uniform.
Po navedbah Francije bi moral biti ČKP2 zagotovo daljši od ČKP1 (saj pri pristopu z vklopom veljajo veliko večje zahteve kot pri pristopu z razpoložljivostjo), vendar niti ČKP2 ne bi smel biti predolg, da nekateri sektorji ne bi imeli neupravičene izgube, zlasti kar zadeva zmogljivosti za izravnavo.
The contribution coefficients for delivery years 2017, 2018 and 2019 were calculated using the scenarios in RTE's Generation Adequacy Report, based on a large number of statistical series.
Iz navedene študije RTE je izhajalo, da je v 300 urah največje porabe zajetih 99 % ur izpada in da je ciljni ČKP2, ki je zajemal 100 do 300 ur največje porabe, ustrezna izbira za upoštevno ocenitev prispevka eksplicitnih zmogljivosti za izravnavo k zmanjšanju tveganja izpada.
Discrimination between demand-side response capacities
Francoski organi so se tako za zagotovitev iste ravni zanesljivosti oskrbe odločili, da upoštevajo največ 250 ur za ČKP2, da bi bil prispevek eksplicitnih izravnav za isto raven kritja tveganja izpada čim večji.
Most respondents refer to the presumed discrimination between explicit and implicit demand-side response providers.
100 MW industrijske izravnave, ki se lahko dajo na voljo v približno sto urah, ne pa tudi v približno tisoč urah, bi bili torej ocenjeni kot 20 MW proizvodnje toplote, medtem ko študije kažejo, da je njihov prispevek k zmanjšanju tveganja izpada primerljiv z 90 MW proizvodnje toplote.
Most of them (five) consider that the mechanism is more favourable to explicit demand-side response owing to the activation obligation on implicit demand-side response, which is considered rather burdensome.
Da bi se torej med operaterji zmogljivosti za izravnavo in proizvajalci zagotovila poštena konkurenca, so se francoski organi odločili, da ne bodo upoštevali ČKP2, ki je desetkrat daljši od ČKP1, temveč da bodo uporabili ciljni ČKP2.
Two respondents pointed out that under the security of supply criterion, an explicit demand-side response capacity should be activated only once every 10 years (since the mechanism is designed for a ten-year winter peak).
Francoski organi poleg tega opozarjajo, da mehanizem zmogljivosti vključuje nadzor nad razpoložljivostjo zmogljivosti (pri nesamodejnem vklopu), ki vsekakor zagotavlja, da ni učinka mrtvih izgub med obveznostjo razpoložljivosti in obveznostjo vklopa.
They therefore felt that the number of PP2 hours (availability of explicit demand-side response) should be 10 times higher than the number of PP1 hours (actual reduction of implicit demand-side response).
Francoski organi so vseeno pripravljeni določiti druge vrednosti, kot so te, ki so zdaj upoštevane v pravilih, vendar menijo, da veljavni okvir zagotavlja ustrezno ravnotežje med neodvisnimi operaterji zmogljivosti za izravnavo in dobavitelji.
Two respondents disagreed, pointing out that, in their view, implicit demand-side response has more advantageous conditions, since explicit demand-side response operators must bear the costs of certification.
Po njihovem mnenju bi torej bilo treba v prvih letih dobave ohranjati enako razmerje med ČKP1 in ČKP2.
Two respondents believed that the French authorities had struck a fair balance between the obligations on both types of demand-side response operators.
Njegovo vrednost bo mogoče ponovno preučiti, če dani signali niso dovolj upoštevni in je mogoče tako oceno vključiti v oceno delovanja trga zmogljivosti.
France defended itself by pointing out the different obligations on both types of demand-side response operators.
Izključenost čezmejnih zmogljivosti
To participate in the mechanism, it claims that different conditions are required precisely to enable both types of capacity.
Iz pripomb, prejetih kot odgovor na sklep o začetku postopka, je razvidno veliko soglasje med udeleženci na trgu, da se francoski mehanizem postopoma (to pomeni brez ogrozitve začetka izvajanja mehanizma januarja 2017) odpre za čezmejne zmogljivosti.
In particular, since more is required from an implicit demand-side response operator (activation versus availability), it is logical that the number of days to which it relates (PP1) is lower than the number of days during which an explicit demand-side response operator must be available.
Stališča in rešitve, ki jih predlaga Francija
Some interested parties were now concerned that the duration of the PP2 period, although longer than the PP1 period, could potentially be insufficient.
Francija je kot odgovor predlagala, da se izrecno upoštevajo tuje zmogljivosti v skladu s hibridnim modelom, v katerem se zagotovi plačilo za povezovalne daljnovode pa tudi za tuje proizvodne zmogljivosti in zmogljivosti za izravnavo.
According to France, determining the length of the PP1 and PP2 periods is a complex issue, the solution to which necessarily constitutes a compromise.
V skladu s tem predlogom se bo večje plačilo zagotovilo bodisi za povezovalne daljnovode bodisi za tuje zmogljivosti, odvisno od primanjkljaja.
RTE has carried out studies to reach a satisfactory compromise, the results of which were presented in the Rapport d'accompagnement de la proposition de règles du mécanisme de capacité (Report accompanying the draft rules on the capacity mechanism) (2014).
V predlogu je še navedeno, da bi morale tuje proizvodne zmogljivosti in zmogljivosti za izravnavo za certifikacijo pridobiti dovoljenja za povezovanje prek daljnovodov, nato pa svoja potrdila o zagotovljenih zmogljivostih ponuditi na francoskem trgu zmogljivosti.
In summary, in order to identify the times of higher demand (see Figure 5 below) while being able to identify the participation of consumers under the demand-side response mechanism in reducing the shortfall risk, the French authorities chose to apply a volume of 100 to 150 hours for the PP1 period.
Dovoljenja bodo izdana za posamezno mejo na podlagi prispevka čezmejnih držav članic k zanesljivosti oskrbe v Franciji.
Percentage of hours with shortfall
Dražbe bodo potekale v letu dobave -1 (v nadaljnjem besedilu: LD–1).
According to France, PP2 should be longer than PP1 (since the concept of activation is more onerous than that of availability), but PP2 should not be too long, in order to avoid unduly disadvantaging certain energy sources, and especially demand-side response.
Potem ko so tuje proizvodne zmogljivosti ali zmogljivosti za izravnavo pridobile dovoljenja za povezovanje prek daljnovodov, se lahko certificirajo in pridobijo potrdila o zagotovljenih zmogljivostih.
The same RTE study showed that 99 % of shortfall hours are included in the 300 hours when demand is highest and that, consequently, a targeted PP2 period, containing between 100 and 300 hours when demand is highest, was a consistent choice to appropriately estimate the contribution of explicit demand-side response capacities to reducing the shortfall risk.
Pozneje lahko navedena potrdila o zagotovljenih zmogljivostih prodajo na francoskem trgu zmogljivosti.