natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
RTE handles administrative and financial management and accounting for the imbalance funds (‘fund for the settlement of certificates portfolio managers’ imbalances' and ‘fund for the settlement of suppliers’ capacity rebalancing') in line with private accounting rules.
zakon št. 2010-1488 z dne 7. decembra 2010 o novi organizaciji trga električne energije (loi no 2010-1488 du 7 décembre 2010 relative à la nouvelle organisation du marché de l'électricité), kodificiran zlasti v členih L. 335-1 do L. 335-7 in L. 321-16 do L. 321-17 energetskega zakonika (code de l'énergie);
It is therefore responsible for invoicing and recovering amounts owed by RPCs and suppliers, and for recording any defaults on payment.
odredba št. 2012-1405 z dne 14. decembra 2012 o prispevku dobaviteljev k zanesljivosti oskrbe z električno energijo in uvedbi mehanizma obveznosti glede zmogljivosti v elektroenergetskem sektorju (décret no 2012-1405 du 14 décembre 2012 relatif à la contribution des fournisseurs à la sécurité d'approvisionnement en électricité et portant création d'un mécanisme d'obligation de capacité dans le secteur de l'électricité), določena v členu L. 335-6 in kodificirana v členih regulativnega dela energetskega zakonika R. 335-1 do D. 335-54;
The Energy Regulatory Commission (CRE), the French regulatory authority in the energy sector, is responsible for monitoring the settlement of suppliers' imbalances (Article 7 of Decree No 2012-1405, codified in Article R. 335-12 of the Energy Code) and may apply administrative sanctions in the event of failure to fulfil the legal obligation to pay for imbalances.
odlok z dne 22. januarja 2015 o določitvi pravil za mehanizem zmogljivosti (arrêté du 22 janvier 2015 définissant les règles du mécanisme de capacité), sprejet na podlagi člena 2 odredbe št.o2012-1405 z dne 14. decembra 2012 o prispevku dobaviteljev k zanesljivosti oskrbe z električno energijo in uvedbi mehanizma obveznosti glede zmogljivosti v elektroenergetskem sektorju, in
The sanction applied must be proportionate and may not exceed EUR 120000 per MW of capacity for a delivery year (Article L. 335-7 of the Energy Code).
priloga k odloku z dne 22. januarja 2015: Pravila mehanizma zmogljivosti.
National legal basis
Za namene rešitev, ki jih je predlagala Francija po pomislekih Komisije v sklepu o začetku postopka, bodo navedena besedila poleg tega popravljena ali dopolnjena, da bi se upoštevale vse rešitve, opisane v oddelku 3 tega sklepa.
The legislative and regulatory texts governing the capacity mechanism are:
Upravičenci
Law No 2010-1488 of 7 December 2010 on the new organisation of the electricity market, codified in particular in Articles L. 335-1 to L. 335-7 and L. 321-16 to L. 321-17 of the Energy Code;
Upravičenci mehanizma so imetniki zmogljivosti, ki (prek RTE) od države prejmejo potrdila o zagotovljenih zmogljivostih in jih lahko prodajo naprej.
Decree No 2012-1405 of 14 December 2012 on the contribution of suppliers to the security of electricity supply and establishing a capacity obligation mechanism in the electricity sector, laid down by Article L. 335-6 and codified in the regulatory part of the Energy Code, R. 335-1 to D. 335-54;
Cilj mehanizma: zanesljivost oskrbe
the Order of 22 January 2015 laying down the rules for the capacity mechanism and adopted pursuant to Article 2 of Decree No 2012-1405 of 14 December 2012 on the contribution of suppliers to the security of electricity supply and establishing a capacity obligation mechanism in the electricity sector; and
Kazalnik, ki ga je uporabila Francija za oceno tveganja porušenega ravnotežja med ponudbo električne energije in povpraševanjem po njej, je pričakovano trajanje izpada zaradi neravnotežja med ponudbo in povpraševanjem (Loss Of Load Expectation (LOLE)).
the Annex to the Order of 22 January 2015: Rules of the capacity mechanism.
Francoski organi so se odločili, da za Francijo upoštevajo pričakovani izpad v povprečju tri ure na leto.
In view of the remedies proposed by France following the Commission's objections in the Opening Decision, these texts will be amended or supplemented to reflect all the remedies described in Section 3 of this Decision.
Navedeni organi so pojasnili, da v Franciji več let prihaja do konične porabe električne energije pozimi.
Beneficiaries
Za francoski elektroenergetski sistem je namreč značilna velika termosenzibilnost porabe električne energije, zaradi katere se največ električne energije porabi med zimskimi hladnimi vali.
The beneficiaries of the mechanism are the capacity holders, who receive capacity guarantees (certificates) from the State (via RTE) and may resell them.
Kot je prikazano na sliki 2, se je ta termosenzibilnost zadnja leta še naprej povečevala, zlasti zaradi večje porabe, povezane z ogrevanjem na elektriko, pa tudi zaradi novih načinov uporabe električne energije, ki pogosto sovpadajo z večerno konično porabo.
Objective of the mechanism: security of supply
Konična poraba se povečuje hitreje kot splošna raven porabe električne energije.
The indicator used by France to assess the risk of a disruption to the balance between electricity supply and demand is the expected duration of a shortfall caused by a supply-demand imbalance (loss of load expectation, ‘LOLE’).
Za francosko konično porabo je poleg tega značilno veliko nihanje, zato so lahko odstopanja v porabi zelo velika (do 20 GW med posameznima letoma).
The French authorities have chosen to use an average duration of three hours per year as the expected loss of load for France.
Obvladovanje konične porabe električne energije je torej glavni cilj, zlasti ker se energetska raba preusmerja k električni energiji.
The French authorities explained that, for many years, France has experienced a spike in electricity consumption during winter.
Slika 2
The French electricity system is characterised by significant consumption thermosensitivity, leading to a peak in electricity consumption during winter cold spells.
Pretekla obdobja največje porabe v Franciji
As illustrated in Figure 2, this thermosensitivity has continued to grow in recent years, owing in particular to the increase in consumption linked to electric heating, but also to new uses of electricity which often coincide with peak demand in the evening.
Pretekla obdobja največje porabe v zadnjem desetletju
Peak demand has increased more rapidly than the general level of electricity consumption.
Vir: RTE – Predvidena bilanca ravnotežja med ponudbo električne energije in povpraševanjem po njej v Franciji 2014, str. 33.
In addition, French peak demand is very volatile and the consumption imbalances can therefore be particularly substantial (up to 20 GW between two years).
Po navedbah RTE sta za Evropo na strani ponudbe značilni stagnacija povpraševanja in znatna presežna proizvodna zmogljivost, kar je mogoče pripisati več dejavnikom.
Controlling peak electricity consumption is therefore a major concern, particularly in the context of the transfer of energy use to electricity.
Povpraševanje po električni energiji se je od leta 2008 zaradi gospodarske krize zmanjšalo.
Figure 2
Hkrati se hitro razvijajo obnovljivi viri energije, ki so subvencionirani „zunaj trga“ in imajo prednostni dostop do električnega omrežja.
Historical peak demand in France
Poleg tega je v Evropi oživelo delovanje elektrarn na premog, saj so cene tega goriva padle zaradi razmaha ameriškega plina iz skrilavca, ki je Združene države primoral k masovnemu izvozu njihove zdaj presežne proizvodnje premoga v Evropo.
Peak demand over the past decade
Nazadnje, donosnost in s tem dejavnost elektrarn na plin – ki so postale manj konkurenčne od elektrarn na premog – sta močno upadli.
Source: RTE — Generation Adequacy Report on the supply-demand balance in France, 2014 (p. 33).
V teh okoliščinah nihanja, povezana s podnebnimi razmerami, zbujajo negotovost glede financiranja potrebnih koničnih zmogljivosti za kritje te konične porabe.
According to RTE, in terms of supply Europe is characterised by stagnating demand and significant overcapacity in electricity generation, caused by several factors.
Do najvišje porabe pride redko, nekaj ur na leto, v nekaterih letih pa sploh ne, če so temperature milejše.
Since 2008, the economic crisis has reduced electricity demand.
Francoski mehanizem zmogljivosti je bil zasnovan kot ena od rešitev za to težavo, da bi se zagotovila izpolnitev merila zanesljivosti oskrbe, ki so ga opredelili javni organi.
At the same time, there has been rapid development of subsidised ‘non-market’ renewable energy, which benefits from priority access on the electricity grid.
Navedeni mehanizem je eden od načinov za spremembo vedenja v času konične porabe (pristop, ki temelji na povpraševanju) ter za spodbuditev ustreznih naložb v proizvodne obrate in zmogljivosti za izravnavo (pristop, ki temelji na ponudbi).
In addition, European coal-fired power stations have enjoyed a strong upturn in activity, linked to the fall in the price of coal resulting from the boom in American shale gas that prompted the United States to export a huge amount of its newly surplus coal production to Europe.
Proračun
Finally, gas-fired power stations — which have become less competitive than coal-fired plants — have seen a sharp reduction in their profitability and therefore in their activity.
Vrednost potrdil o zagotovljenih zmogljivostih se ne določi upravno, temveč jo določa trg.
In this context, unpredictable weather conditions result in uncertainty over payment for the peak capacities necessary to cover this peak demand.
Trgovino svobodno določajo udeleženci mehanizma na podlagi svojih napovedi, svoje strategije kritja in informacij, ki jih imajo na voljo.
Spikes in consumption occur rarely, for only a few hours per year, or not at all in some years when temperatures are mild.
Kljub decentraliziranosti mehanizma, ki otežuje oceno proračuna, je bila ta izvedena, pri čemer je bila kot predpostavka vzeta obveznost glede celotne zmogljivosti za povpraševanje v Franciji med 80000 in 95000 MW, predpostavljen pa je bil tudi koeficient zanesljivosti, ki je ohranil vrednost 0,93.
The French capacity mechanism was devised as one way of responding to this problem, to ensure compliance with the security of supply criterion laid down by the public authorities.
Povpraševanje bo odvisno od razvoja porabe v celinski Franciji, vključno z ukrepi za upravljanje povpraševanja, ki jih bodo izvajali dobavitelji električne energije, kar bo zmanjšalo posamično obveznost, ki jo bodo morali izpolniti.
Its objective is both to provide a means of changing consumption behaviour during peak hours (the demand approach) and to encourage adequate investment in production plants and demand-side response capacities (the supply approach).
Na tej podlagi bi lahko bruto prihodki operaterjev na trgu zmogljivosti znašali med 0 EUR/kW in 30 EUR/kW v obdobju 2017–2026, pri čemer bi bili zneski najvišji v letih, v katerih bi se izkazala potreba po izdelavi novih proizvodnih orodij.
Budget
Trajanje
The value of capacity guarantees is not set by the authorities, but rather determined by the market.
Pri tem se lahko mehanizem po potrebi popravi (da se na primer uskladi z zadnjimi spremembami v evropski zakonodaji) ali ukine, če ne bi bil več potreben [6].
Trades are freely agreed by the participants in the mechanism on the basis of their forecasts, their coverage strategy, and the information at their disposal.
Kumulacija
In spite of the decentralised nature of the mechanism, which makes it difficult to estimate the budget, an estimate has been made assuming an overall capacity obligation for French demand of between 80000 and 95000 MW and a security coefficient maintained at 0,93.
Kar zadeva obrate, zajete v pogodbi o obveznosti nakupa (obnovljivi viri električne energije) ali upravičene do dodatnih sredstev, člena L. 121-24 in L. 335-5 energetskega zakonika določata, da bo dobiček od prodaje potrdil o zagotovljenih zmogljivostih izhajal iz odštetja vseh njihovih stroškov javne službe, vključno z drugimi dodeljenimi državnimi pomočmi, s katerimi se financira sistem podpore z obveznostjo nakupa.
On this basis the gross income received by operators on the capacity market could range from EUR 0/kW to EUR 30/kW between 2017 and 2026, with the highest amounts in years in which new production facilities had to be constructed.
OPIS RAZLOGOV ZA ZAČETEK POSTOPKA
Duration
Državna pomoč v smislu člena 107(1) PDEU
The first delivery year begins on 1 January 2017.
Komisija je v točki 143 obrazložitve sklepa o začetku postopka že ugotovila, da je navedeni ukrep državna pomoč v smislu člena 107(1) PDEU iz naslednjih razlogov.
By way of derogation from the general rule that certification is carried out four years before the delivery year, certification for the first delivery year (2017) began on 1 April 2015.
Pripisljivost in financiranje z državnimi sredstvi
For the moment, so long as no end date for the mechanism has been set by the French authorities, an annual assessment will be carried out by RTE and the regulator as laid down by French legislation.
Komisija je v sklepu o začetku postopka menila, da je mogoče ugotoviti obstoj prenosa državnih sredstev ne le, če je bil denar neposredno prenesen iz proračuna države ali javnega organa, temveč tudi če so sredstva za podporo mehanizmu izvirala iz lastnih sredstev podjetij, pod pogojem da (i) se država odpove zbiranju državnih sredstev, ki jih je treba pobrati, in/ali (ii) finančna sredstva, uporabljena v okviru sistema, ostanejo pod javnim nadzorom, pri čemer niso nujno trajno del javnega premoženja.
Where applicable, the assessment may give rise to either a revision of the mechanism (for example, to bring it into line with the latest changes to European legislation) or the end of the mechanism if it is no longer required [6].
Kar zadeva prvo točko, se francoska država odpoveduje javnim sredstvom, saj operaterjem zmogljivosti zastonj izdaja potrdila o zagotovljenih zmogljivostih, namesto da bi jih prodala (tako kot v zadevah NOx [8] in romunski zeleni certifikati [9]).
Cumulation
Kar zadeva drugo točko, finančna sredstva za podporo mehanizmu ostajajo pod nadzorom države (podobno kot v zadevah Vent de Colère [10] in Essent [11]), saj: (i) se navedena sredstva financirajo prek obveznih prispevkov, ki jih nalaga država, in so torej pripisljiva državi; (ii) država določi parametre (merilo zanesljivosti oskrbe in metodo določanja referenčne tržne cene, na podlagi katere se določi cena izravnave odstopanj), ki vplivajo na ceno zmogljivosti in skupno število certifikatov, tudi če jih država ne določi kot takih; (iii) je komisija za regulacijo energije (CRE) pooblaščena za naložitev kazni dobaviteljem, ki ne izpolnjujejo svojih obveznosti izravnave odstopanj; in (iv) je država operaterja prenosnega omrežja – RTE – določila za upravljanje sklada za izravnavo odstopanj.
With regard to plants under a purchase obligation contract (electricity from renewable sources) or eligible for the top-up payment, Articles L. 121-24 and L. 335-5 of the Energy Code provide that profits from the sale of capacity guarantees will be deducted from their total public service costs, including other State aid awarded that finances the support mechanism via the obligation to purchase.
Selektivna prednost
Similarly, producers will not be subject to imbalance settlement if actual capacity is lower than the certified capacity owing to uncertain availability of the primary resource [7].
Po navedbah Komisije se sodba Altmark [12] ne uporablja za obravnavni primer, saj obveznost javne službe ni jasno opredeljena.
GROUNDS FOR INITIATING THE PROCEDURE
Obveznosti v okviru mehanizma naj bi bile številne in naj bi se razlikovale glede na različne zainteresirane strani (operaterji elektrarn, operaterji zmogljivosti za izravnavo, dobavitelji).
State aid within the meaning of Article 107(1) TFEU
Na strani obveznosti operaterjev zmogljivosti obveznost certifikacije ni strogo predpisana, če: (i) je za zmogljivosti za izravnavo neobvezna in (ii) lahko operaterji obstoječih proizvodnih obratov izbirajo raven zmogljivosti, ki jo certificirajo.
In recital 143 of the Opening Decision, the Commission had already concluded that the measure constituted State aid within the meaning of Article 107(1) TFEU, for the reasons set out below.
Prenos potrdil o zagotovljenih zmogljivostih je torej prednost in ne nadomestilo za izpolnjevanje obveznosti javne službe.
Imputability and financing through State resources
Ta prednost je selektivna, saj navedeni mehanizem vključuje pomoč operaterjem zmogljivosti, ne pa drugim gospodarskim sektorjem.
In the Opening Decision, the Commission considered that a transfer of State resources could be deemed to exist not only if there was a transfer of money directly from the State budget or from a public body, but also if the funds to support the mechanism came from the undertakings' equity capital, provided that (i) the State does not collect the State resources to be collected and/or (ii) the financial resources used under the mechanism remain under public control, whilst not necessarily being public property on a permanent basis.
Učinek na konkurenco in trgovino med državami članicami
With regard to the first point, France foregoes public resources because it allocates capacity certificates to capacity operators free of charge, rather than selling them (as in the NOx [8] and Romanian green certificates [9] cases).
Po navedbah Komisije bi lahko mehanizem zmogljivosti vplival na konkurenco z operaterji zmogljivosti v tujini (čimer bi lahko vplival tudi na trgovino med državami članicami), ker naj bi bila operaterjem zmogljivosti v Franciji zagotovljena prednost, ki je operaterji v tujini ne bi mogli pridobiti, ker jih ne bi bilo mogoče certificirati.
With regard to the second point, the financial resources to support the mechanism remain under State control (similarly to Vent de Colère [10] and Essent [11]), since: (i) the funds are financed by the mandatory contributions imposed by the State and therefore imputable to it; (ii) the State sets the parameters (security of supply criterion and methodology for setting the reference market price determining the imbalance settlement price) that influence the capacity price and the overall number of certificates, even if they are not fixed as such by the State; (iii) the Energy Regulatory Commission (CRE) is authorised to impose sanctions on suppliers that do not fulfil their obligations in terms of imbalance settlement; (iv) the operator of the transmission grid — RTE — has been appointed by the State to manage the imbalance settlement fund.
Cilj skupnega interesa in potrebnost
Selective advantage
Zaskrbljenost francoskih organov glede zadostnosti proizvodnih zmogljivosti je tesno povezana s konično obremenitvijo, do katere pride v razmeroma kratkih izrazito hladnih obdobjih, saj je Francija pri ogrevanju močno odvisna od električne energije.
According to the Commission, the Altmark [12] judgment does not apply in this particular case because the public service obligation is not clearly defined.
V sklepu o začetku postopka so bili navedeni pomisleki v zvezi s potrebnostjo ukrepa iz naslednjih razlogov:
There are numerous obligations under the mechanism and they differ according to the various stakeholders (power-station operators, demand-side response operators, suppliers).
iz ocene zadostnosti proizvodnih zmogljivosti Scenario Outlook and Adequacy Forecast (scenarijska ocena in napoved zadostnosti), ki jo je pripravilo Evropsko omrežje upravljavcev prenosnega omrežja (REGRT-E) [13], je razvidno, da se bo težava glede zanesljivosti oskrbe pojavila šele od leta 2025;
In terms of the obligation on capacity operators, the certification obligation is not strictly regulated, in that: (i) it is optional for demand-side response capacities; and (ii) the operators of existing production plants have a choice as to the level of capacity that they certify.
zdi se, da Francija razen mehanizma zmogljivosti ni raziskala drugih možnosti, kot so tarife, ki bi spodbudile k zmanjšanju porabe v času konične porabe; in
The allocation of capacity guarantees therefore constitutes an advantage, not compensation for a public service obligation.
RTE kljub izvajanju regulativnega okvira, ki podpira izravnavo porabe in ki je omogočil, da se pri neodvisnih izravnavah prevzame upravljanje izravnav, ki jih je v preteklosti zagotavljal prvotni dobavitelj, v obdobju 2014–2019 ne pričakuje znatnega neto povečanja francoskih zmogljivosti za izravnavo.
This advantage is selective since the mechanism provides for aid to capacity operators and not to other sectors of the economy.
Ustreznost ukrepa pomoči
Effect on competition and trade between Member States
Komisija je v sklepu o začetku postopka menila, da bi lahko navedeni mehanizem povzročil diskriminacijo med različnimi zmogljivostmi za izravnavo.
According to the Commission, the capacity mechanism could affect competition with capacity operators located abroad (thus also affecting trade between Member States) in that the capacity operators located in France obtain an advantage that the capacity operators abroad could not obtain as they cannot be certified.
Natančneje, navedeni mehanizem lahko vključuje dve vrsti izravnave porabe: po eni strani zmogljivost za implicitno izravnavo, pri kateri se zmanjša obveznost glede zmogljivosti dobaviteljev v obsegu zmogljivosti, pridobljenem z zmanjšano porabo odjemalcev v urah konične porabe 10 do 15 dni na leto; in po drugi strani zmogljivost za eksplicitno izravnavo, pri kateri morajo (veliki) porabniki ali energetski povezovalci certificirati svoj potencial za zmanjšanje porabe in to zmogljivost dati na voljo (pri čemer ta ni nujno zmanjšana) 10 do 25 dni na leto v urah konične porabe.
Objective of common interest and necessity
Komisija je poleg tega v sklepu o začetku postopka očitala, da mehanizem ni bil dostopen za vse tehnologije, ki bi lahko prispevale k zanesljivosti oskrbe, zlasti za povezovalne daljnovode in/ali tuje zmogljivosti.
France's concern with regard to adequacy of generation capacity is strictly linked to a peak demand problem which arises during relatively short periods of intense cold weather, owing to France's particular reliance on electric heating.
Komisija je poleg tega poudarila tveganje, da nove proizvodne zmogljivosti ne morejo biti vključene v mehanizem, zlasti ker naj ne bi bilo zanesljivih cenovnih signalov za potrdila o zagotovljenih zmogljivostih.
The Opening Decision raised doubts as to the necessity of the measure because:
Komisija je, natančneje, izrazila zaskrbljenost, da:
the 2015 Scenario Outlook and Adequacy Forecast of the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) [13] identifies a security of supply problem only as of 2025;
razmeroma kratko trajanje veljavnosti potrdil o zagotovljenih zmogljivostih ne bi moglo dati zanesljivega cenovnega signala;
France did not seem to have explored alternatives to the capacity mechanism, such as tariffs that would encourage reduced consumption in peak hours; and
bi imeli dobavitelji, zlasti novi udeleženci, težave pri pravočasnem vnaprejšnjem predvidevanju razvoja svojih portfeljev odjemalcev;
in spite of the implementation of a favourable regulatory framework for demand-side response, which had allowed independent demand-side response to take over the demand-side response historically offered by the incumbent supplier, RTE does not anticipate a substantial net increase in demand-side response capacity from 2014 to 2019.
spodbude udeležencem za vzpostavitev ravnotežja pred letom dobave ne bi bile zadostne; in
Appropriateness of the aid
zgornja meja cen izravnave odstopanj ne izraža stroškov novega udeleženca („cost of new entry“, v nadaljnjem besedilu: CONE).
In the Opening Decision, the Commission considered that the mechanism risked discriminating between different demand-side response capacities.
Sorazmernost