natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
An example of credit risk dominating a hedging relationship is when an entity hedges an exposure to commodity price risk using an uncollateralised derivative.
Če pa spremembe obsega izravnave kažejo, da gre za nihanje okrog količnika varovanja pred tveganjem, ki je drugačen od količnika, ki se trenutno uporablja za navedeno razmerje varovanja pred tveganjem, ali da obstaja trend odmikanja od navedenega količnika varovanja pred tveganjem, se lahko neučinkovitost varovanja zmanjša s prilagoditvijo količnika varovanja pred tveganjem, medtem ko bi ohranitev količnika v vedno večji meri povzročala neučinkovitost varovanja.
If the counterparty to that derivative experiences a severe deterioration in its credit standing, the effect of the changes in the counterparty's credit standing might outweigh the effect of changes in the commodity price on the fair value of the hedging instrument, whereas changes in the value of the hedged item depend largely on the commodity price changes.
Zato mora podjetje v takih okoliščinah oceniti, ali razmerje varovanja pred tveganjem odraža neravnotežje med utežmi varovane postavke in instrumenta za varovanje pred tveganjem, ki bi privedlo do neučinkovitosti varovanja pred tveganjem (ne glede na to, ali je pripoznano ali ne), kar bi povzročilo računovodski rezultat, ki bi bil neskladen s ciljem obračunavanja varovanja pred tveganjem.
Hedge ratio
Če se količnik varovanja pred tveganjem prilagodi, vpliva tudi na merjenje in pripoznavanje neučinkovitosti varovanja, ker se mora ob rebalansu opredeliti in takoj pripoznati neučinkovitost razmerja varovanja, preden se razmerje varovanja pred tveganjem prilagodi v skladu z B6.5.8. členom.
In accordance with the hedge effectiveness requirements, the hedge ratio of the hedging relationship must be the same as that resulting from the quantity of the hedged item that the entity actually hedges and the quantity of the hedging instrument that the entity actually uses to hedge that quantity of hedged item.
Rebalans pomeni, da podjetje za namene obračunavanja varovanja pred tveganjem po začetku razmerja varovanja prilagodi obseg instrumenta za varovanje pred tveganjem ali varovane postavke v odziv na spremembe okoliščin, ki vplivajo na količnik varovanja navedenega razmerja.
Hence, if an entity hedges less than 100 per cent of the exposure on an item, such as 85 per cent, it shall designate the hedging relationship using a hedge ratio that is the same as that resulting from 85 per cent of the exposure and the quantity of the hedging instrument that the entity actually uses to hedge those 85 per cent.
Običajno bi morala ta prilagoditev odražati prilagoditve obsega instrumenta za varovanje pred tveganjem in varovane postavke, ki se dejansko uporablja.
Similarly, if, for example, an entity hedges an exposure using a nominal amount of 40 units of a financial instrument, it shall designate the hedging relationship using a hedge ratio that is the same as that resulting from that quantity of 40 units (ie the entity must not use a hedge ratio based on a higher quantity of units that it might hold in total or a lower quantity of units) and the quantity of the hedged item that it actually hedges with those 40 units.
Vendar mora podjetje prilagoditi količnik varovanja pred tveganjem, ki izhaja iz obsega varovane postavke ali instrumenta za varovanje pred tveganjem, ki ga dejansko uporablja, če:
However, the designation of the hedging relationship using the same hedge ratio as that resulting from the quantities of the hedged item and the hedging instrument that the entity actually uses shall not reflect an imbalance between the weightings of the hedged item and the hedging instrument that would in turn create hedge ineffectiveness (irrespective of whether recognised or not) that could result in an accounting outcome that would be inconsistent with the purpose of hedge accounting.
bi količnik varovanja pred tveganjem, ki izhaja iz sprememb obsega instrumenta za varovanje pred tveganjem ali varovane postavke, ki ga podjetje dejansko uporablja, odražal neravnotežje, ki bi povzročilo neučinkovitost varovanja, kar bi lahko privedlo do računovodskega rezultata, ki ne bi bil v skladu z namenom obračunavanja varovanja pred tveganjem; ali
Hence, for the purpose of designating a hedging relationship, an entity must adjust the hedge ratio that results from the quantities of the hedged item and the hedging instrument that the entity actually uses if that is needed to avoid such an imbalance.
bi podjetje obdržalo obseg instrumenta za varovanje pred tveganjem in varovane postavke, ki ga dejansko uporablja, kar bi privedlo do količnika varovanja, ki bi v novih okoliščinah odražal neravnotežje, ki bi povzročilo neučinkovitost varovanja, kar bi povzročilo računovodski rezultat, ki ne bi bil v skladu z namenom obračunavanja varovanja pred tveganjem (tj. podjetje ne sme povzročiti neravnotežja s tem, da ne prilagodi količnika varovanja pred tveganjem).
Examples of relevant considerations in assessing whether an accounting outcome is inconsistent with the purpose of hedge accounting are:
Rebalans se ne uporablja, če se je za razmerje varovanja pred tveganjem spremenil cilj glede obvladovanja tveganj.
whether the intended hedge ratio is established to avoid recognising hedge ineffectiveness for cash flow hedges, or to achieve fair value hedge adjustments for more hedged items with the aim of increasing the use of fair value accounting, but without offsetting fair value changes of the hedging instrument; and
Namesto tega se za tako razmerje preneha obračunavanje varovanja pred tveganjem (kljub temu lahko podjetje določi novo razmerje varovanja pred tveganjem, ki vsebuje instrument varovanja ali varovano postavko iz prejšnjega razmerja, kakor je opisano v B6.5.28. členu).
whether there is a commercial reason for the particular weightings of the hedged item and the hedging instrument, even though that creates hedge ineffectiveness.
Če se za razmerje varovanja pred tveganjem opravi rebalans, se lahko prilagoditev količnika varovanja izvede na različne načine:
For example, an entity enters into and designates a quantity of the hedging instrument that is not the quantity that it determined as the best hedge of the hedged item because the standard volume of the hedging instruments does not allow it to enter into that exact quantity of hedging instrument (a ‘lot size issue’).
utež varovane postavke se lahko poveča (kar hkrati zmanjša utež instrumenta za varovanje pred tveganjem) tako, da se:
An example is an entity that hedges 100 tonnes of coffee purchases with standard coffee futures contracts that have a contract size of 37500 lbs (pounds).
poveča obseg varovane postavke; ali
The entity could only use either five or six contracts (equivalent to 85,0 and 102,1 tonnes respectively) to hedge the purchase volume of 100 tonnes.
zmanjša obseg instrumenta za varovanje pred tveganjem;
In that case, the entity designates the hedging relationship using the hedge ratio that results from the number of coffee futures contracts that it actually uses, because the hedge ineffectiveness resulting from the mismatch in the weightings of the hedged item and the hedging instrument would not result in an accounting outcome that is inconsistent with the purpose of hedge accounting.
lahko se poveča utež instrumenta za varovanje pred tveganjem (kar hkrati zmanjša utež varovane postavke) tako, da se:
Frequency of assessing whether the hedge effectiveness requirements are met
poveča obseg instrumenta za varovanje pred tveganjem; ali
An entity shall assess at the inception of the hedging relationship, and on an ongoing basis, whether a hedging relationship meets the hedge effectiveness requirements.
zmanjša obseg varovane postavke.
At a minimum, an entity shall perform the ongoing assessment at each reporting date or upon a significant change in the circumstances affecting the hedge effectiveness requirements, whichever comes first.
Spremembe obsega se nanašajo na količine, ki so del razmerja varovanja pred tveganjem.
The assessment relates to expectations about hedge effectiveness and is therefore only forward-looking.
Zato zmanjšanja obsega ne pomenijo nujno, da postavke ali transakcije ne obstajajo več oziroma da se zanje več ne pričakuje, da se bodo zgodile, ampak da niso del razmerja varovanja pred tveganjem.
Methods for assessing whether the hedge effectiveness requirements are met
Na primer, zmanjšanje obsega instrumenta za varovanje pred tveganjem lahko privede do tega, da podjetje obdrži izvedeni finančni instrument, vendar lahko samo del le-tega ostane instrument za varovanje pred tveganjem v razmerju varovanja.
This Standard does not specify a method for assessing whether a hedging relationship meets the hedge effectiveness requirements.
Do tega bi lahko prišlo, če bi se rebalans lahko izvedel samo z zmanjšanjem obsega instrumenta za varovanje pred tveganjem v razmerju varovanja, pri čemer bi podjetje obdržalo del instrumenta, ki ga ne bi več potrebovalo.
However, an entity shall use a method that captures the relevant characteristics of the hedging relationship including the sources of hedge ineffectiveness.
V takem primeru bi se del izvedenega instrumenta, ki ni določen kot instrument za varovanje, obračunaval po pošteni vrednosti prek poslovnega izida (razen če bi bil določen kot instrument za varovanje pred tveganjem v drugem razmerju).
Depending on those factors, the method can be a qualitative or a quantitative assessment.
Prilagoditev količnika varovanja pred tveganjem s povečanjem obsega varovane postavke ne vpliva na to, kako se merijo spremembe poštene vrednosti instrumenta za varovanje pred tveganjem.
For example, when the critical terms (such as the nominal amount, maturity and underlying) of the hedging instrument and the hedged item match or are closely aligned, it might be possible for an entity to conclude on the basis of a qualitative assessment of those critical terms that the hedging instrument and the hedged item have values that will generally move in the opposite direction because of the same risk and hence that an economic relationship exists between the hedged item and the hedging instrument (see paragraphs B6.4.4–B6.4.6).
Merjenje sprememb vrednosti pred tveganjem varovane postavke, povezane z delom, ki je bil prej določen kot instrument za varovanje, se prav tako ne spremeni.
The fact that a derivative is in or out of the money when it is designated as a hedging instrument does not in itself mean that a qualitative assessment is inappropriate.
Vendar od datuma rebalansa spremembe vrednosti pred tveganjem varovane postavke vključujejo tudi spremembo vrednosti dodatnega dela varovane postavke.
It depends on the circumstances whether hedge ineffectiveness arising from that fact could have a magnitude that a qualitative assessment would not adequately capture.
Te spremembe se merijo od datuma rebalansa in glede na ta datum, in ne od datuma, ko je bilo določeno razmerje varovanja pred tveganjem.
Conversely, if the critical terms of the hedging instrument and the hedged item are not closely aligned, there is an increased level of uncertainty about the extent of offset.
Na primer, če je podjetje sprva varovalo pred tveganjem 100 ton blaga po terminski ceni 80 DE (terminska cena na začetku razmerja varovanja pred tveganjem) in je ob rebalansu k temu dodalo 10 ton blaga po terminski ceni 90 DE, bi varovana postavka po rebalansu imela dve plasti: 100 ton, zavarovanih po ceni 80 DE, in 10 ton, zavarovanih po ceni 90 DE.
Consequently, the hedge effectiveness during the term of the hedging relationship is more difficult to predict.
Prilagoditev količnika varovanja pred tveganjem z zmanjšanjem obsega instrumenta za varovanje pred tveganjem ne vpliva na to, kako se merijo spremembe vrednosti varovane postavke.
In such a situation it might only be possible for an entity to conclude on the basis of a quantitative assessment that an economic relationship exists between the hedged item and the hedging instrument (see paragraphs B6.4.4–B6.4.6).
Merjenje sprememb poštene vrednosti instrumenta za varovanje pred tveganjem, povezane z delom, ki je še naprej določen kot instrument za varovanje, se prav tako ne spremeni.
In some situations a quantitative assessment might also be needed to assess whether the hedge ratio used for designating the hedging relationship meets the hedge effectiveness requirements (see paragraphs B6.4.9–B6.4.11).
Vendar del, za katerega se je zmanjšal instrument za varovanje pred tveganjem, od datuma rebalansa ni več del razmerja varovanja.
An entity can use the same or different methods for those two different purposes.
Na primer, če je podjetje sprva varovalo blago pred cenovnim tveganjem z uporabo izvedenega finančnega instrumenta v obsegu 100 ton kot instrumenta za varovanje pred tveganjem in to količino ob rebalansu zmanjša za 10 ton, bi nominalni znesek preostalega instrumenta za varovanje znašal 90 ton (glej B6.5.16. člen glede posledic za del izvedenega finančnega instrumenta (tj. 10 ton), ki ni več del razmerja varovanja).
If there are changes in circumstances that affect hedge effectiveness, an entity may have to change the method for assessing whether a hedging relationship meets the hedge effectiveness requirements in order to ensure that the relevant characteristics of the hedging relationship, including the sources of hedge ineffectiveness, are still captured.
Prilagoditev količnika varovanja pred tveganjem s povečanjem obsega instrumenta za varovanje pred tveganjem ne vpliva na to, kako se merijo spremembe vrednosti varovane postavke.
An entity's risk management is the main source of information to perform the assessment of whether a hedging relationship meets the hedge effectiveness requirements.
Merjenje sprememb poštene vrednosti instrumenta za varovanje pred tveganjem, povezane z delom, ki je bil prej določen kot instrument za varovanje, se prav tako ne spremeni.
This means that the management information (or analysis) used for decision-making purposes can be used as a basis for assessing whether a hedging relationship meets the hedge effectiveness requirements.
Vendar spremembe poštene vrednosti instrumenta za varovanje pred tveganjem od datuma rebalansa vključujejo tudi spremembe vrednosti dodatnega dela instrumenta za varovanje pred tveganjem.
An entity's documentation of the hedging relationship includes how it will assess the hedge effectiveness requirements, including the method or methods used.
Spremembe se merijo od datuma rebalansa in glede na ta datum, in ne od datuma, ko je bilo določeno razmerje varovanja pred tveganjem.
The documentation of the hedging relationship shall be updated for any changes to the methods (see paragraph B6.4.17).
Na primer, če je podjetje sprva varovalo blago pred cenovnim tveganjem z uporabo izvedenega finančnega instrumenta v obsegu 100 ton kot instrumenta za varovanje pred tveganjem in je to količino ob rebalansu povečalo za 10 ton, bi po rebalansu instrument za varovanje pred tveganjem sestavljal izvedeni instrument v obsegu 110 ton.
Accounting for qualifying hedging relationships (Section 6.5)
Sprememba poštene vrednosti instrumenta za varovanje pred tveganjem je skupna sprememba poštene vrednosti izvedenih finančnih instrumentov, ki sestavljajo skupni obseg 110 ton.
An example of a fair value hedge is a hedge of exposure to changes in the fair value of a fixed-rate debt instrument arising from changes in interest rates.
Ti izvedeni finančni instrumenti bi lahko (in verjetno bi) imeli različne ključne pogoje, kot so njihovi terminski tečaji, ker so se sklenili ob različnih trenutkih (vključno z možnostjo določitve izvedenih instrumentov kot instrumentov za varovanje v razmerjih varovanja pred tveganjem po njihovem začetnem pripoznanju).
Such a hedge could be entered into by the issuer or by the holder.
Prilagoditev količnika varovanja pred tveganjem z zmanjšanjem obsega varovane postavke ne vpliva na to, kako se merijo spremembe poštene vrednosti instrumenta za varovanje pred tveganjem.
The purpose of a cash flow hedge is to defer the gain or loss on the hedging instrument to a period or periods in which the hedged expected future cash flows affect profit or loss.
Merjenje sprememb vrednosti pred tveganjem varovane postavke, povezane z delom, ki je še naprej določen kot instrument za varovanje, se prav tako ne spremeni.
An example of a cash flow hedge is the use of a swap to change floating rate debt (whether measured at amortised cost or fair value) to fixed-rate debt (ie a hedge of a future transaction in which the future cash flows being hedged are the future interest payments).
Vendar del, za katerega se je zmanjšala pred tveganjem varovana postavka, od datuma rebalansa ni več del razmerja varovanja.
Conversely, a forecast purchase of an equity instrument that, once acquired, will be accounted for at fair value through profit or loss, is an example of an item that cannot be the hedged item in a cash flow hedge, because any gain or loss on the hedging instrument that would be deferred could not be appropriately reclassified to profit or loss during a period in which it would achieve offset.
Na primer, če je podjetje sprva varovalo 100 ton blaga pred tveganjem po terminski ceni 80 DE in to količino ob rebalansu zmanjša za 10 ton, bi pred tveganjem varovana postavka po rebalansu znašala 90 ton, varovanih po 80 DE.
For the same reason, a forecast purchase of an equity instrument that, once acquired, will be accounted for at fair value with changes in fair value presented in other comprehensive income also cannot be the hedged item in a cash flow hedge.
10 ton varovane postavke, ki niso več del razmerja varovanja pred tveganjem, bi se obračunavalo v skladu z zahtevami glede prenehanja obračunavanja varovanja pred tveganjem (glej 6.5.6.–6.5.7. in B6.5.22.–B6.5.28. člen).
A hedge of a firm commitment (for example, a hedge of the change in fuel price relating to an unrecognised contractual commitment by an electric utility to purchase fuel at a fixed price) is a hedge of an exposure to a change in fair value.
Pri rebalansu razmerja varovanja pred tveganjem mora podjetje dopolniti svojo analizo virov neučinkovitosti varovanja, za katere pričakuje, da bodo vplivali na razmerje varovanja v (preostalem) obdobju njegovega trajanja (glej B6.4.2. člen).
Accordingly, such a hedge is a fair value hedge.
Dokumentacija razmerja varovanja pred tveganjem se mora ustrezno dopolniti.
However, in accordance with paragraph 6.5.4, a hedge of the foreign currency risk of a firm commitment could alternatively be accounted for as a cash flow hedge.
Prenehanje obračunavanja varovanja pred tveganjem
Measurement of hedge ineffectiveness
Prenehanje obračunavanja varovanja pred tveganjem se uporablja za naprej od datuma, ko merila glede ustreznosti niso več izpolnjena.
When measuring hedge ineffectiveness, an entity shall consider the time value of money.
Podjetje ne sme odpraviti določitve in s tem prekiniti razmerja varovanja pred tveganjem, ki:
Consequently, the entity determines the value of the hedged item on a present value basis and therefore the change in the value of the hedged item also includes the effect of the time value of money.
še vedno izpolnjuje cilj glede obvladovanja tveganj, na podlagi katerega je izpolnjevalo pogoje za obračunavanje varovanja pred tveganjem (tj. podjetje še naprej deluje v skladu s ciljem obvladovanja tveganj); in
To calculate the change in the value of the hedged item for the purpose of measuring hedge ineffectiveness, an entity may use a derivative that would have terms that match the critical terms of the hedged item (this is commonly referred to as a ‘hypothetical derivative’), and, for example for a hedge of a forecast transaction, would be calibrated using the hedged price (or rate) level.
še naprej izpolnjuje vsa druga merila glede ustreznosti (po upoštevanju morebitnega rebalansa razmerja varovanja, če je smiselno).
For example, if the hedge was for a two-sided risk at the current market level, the hypothetical derivative would represent a hypothetical forward contract that is calibrated to a value of nil at the time of designation of the hedging relationship.
Za namene tega standarda se strategija obvladovanja tveganj v podjetju razlikuje od njegovih ciljev glede obvladovanja tveganj.
If the hedge was for example for a one-sided risk, the hypothetical derivative would represent the intrinsic value of a hypothetical option that at the time of designation of the hedging relationship is at the money if the hedged price level is the current market level, or out of the money if the hedged price level is above (or, for a hedge of a long position, below) the current market level.
Strategija obvladovanja tveganj se oblikuje na najvišji ravni, na kateri podjetje določi, kako upravlja svoja tveganja.
Using a hypothetical derivative is one possible way of calculating the change in the value of the hedged item.
V strategijah obvladovanja tveganj so običajno opredeljena tveganja, ki jim je podjetje izpostavljeno, in način, kako se podjetje odziva nanje.
The hypothetical derivative replicates the hedged item and hence results in the same outcome as if that change in value was determined by a different approach.
Strategija obvladovanja tveganj je običajno vzpostavljena za daljše obdobje in lahko vključuje nekaj fleksibilnosti pri odzivanju na spremembe okoliščin, ki nastopijo v času izvajanja strategije (na primer drugačne obrestne mere ali cene blaga, ki privedejo do drugačnega obsega varovanja pred tveganjem).
Hence, using a ‘hypothetical derivative’ is not a method in its own right but a mathematical expedient that can only be used to calculate the value of the hedged item.
To je običajno določeno v splošnem dokumentu, ki se kaskadno prenaša po podjetju prek politik, ki vsebujejo podrobnejše smernice.
Consequently, a ‘hypothetical derivative’ cannot be used to include features in the value of the hedged item that only exist in the hedging instrument (but not in the hedged item).
Nasprotno se cilj glede obvladovanja tveganj za razmerje varovanja pred tveganjem uporablja na ravni točno določenega razmerja varovanja.
An example is debt denominated in a foreign currency (irrespective of whether it is fixed-rate or variable-rate debt).
Nanaša se na to, kako se posamezen instrument za varovanje pred tveganjem, ki je bil tako določen, uporablja za varovanje posamezne izpostavljenosti, ki je bila določena kot pred tveganjem varovana postavka.
When using a hypothetical derivative to calculate the change in the value of such debt or the present value of the cumulative change in its cash flows, the hypothetical derivative cannot simply impute a charge for exchanging different currencies even though actual derivatives under which different currencies are exchanged might include such a charge (for example, cross-currency interest rate swaps).
Zato lahko strategija obvladovanja tveganj vključuje veliko različnih razmerij varovanja pred tveganjem, katerih cilji glede obvladovanja tveganj se nanašajo na izvajanje splošne strategije obvladovanja tveganj.
The change in the value of the hedged item determined using a hypothetical derivative may also be used for the purpose of assessing whether a hedging relationship meets the hedge effectiveness requirements.
Podjetje ima strategijo za obvladovanje obrestne izpostavljenosti pri dolžniškem financiranju, ki določa razpone za celotno podjetje glede kombinacije financiranja z dolgom z variabilno obrestno mero in z dolgom s fiksno obrestno mero.
Rebalancing the hedging relationship and changes to the hedge ratio
V skladu s strategijo se mora ohranjati med 20 in 40 odstotki dolga s fiksno obrestno mero.
Rebalancing refers to the adjustments made to the designated quantities of the hedged item or the hedging instrument of an already existing hedging relationship for the purpose of maintaining a hedge ratio that complies with the hedge effectiveness requirements.
Podjetje se periodično odloči, kako bo izvajalo to strategijo (tj. kje je trenutno pozicionirano v 20- do 40-odstotnem razponu za izpostavljenost s fiksno obrestno mero) glede na raven obrestnih mer.