natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
As the decision to pick a certain technology would prevent competition from other suppliers presenting their product and pricing proposals, the results of the study would have to be unequivocal and robust.
Pri slednjih so vključeni stroški namestitve sprejemnikov in prizemnih oddajnikov ter stroški upravljanja in vzdrževanja za deset let.
The Commission has recognised in the past that a study could be the basis for selecting a particular technological solution [78].
Skupni stroški za satelitsko rešitev bi tako znašali od 47672550 EUR in 97646800 EUR, za prizemno rešitev pa od 15136550 EUR in 17224350 EUR.
However, the burden of proof lies with the Member State that has to demonstrate that the results of the study are sufficiently robust and that it was carried out in the most independent manner [79].
Ocena
In this regard, several studies have been proposed by the Spanish authorities and by Abertis which are discussed in what follows.
Organi so takrat imeli možnost, da organizirajo tehnološko nevtralen razpis ali vnaprej izberejo eno določeno tehnologijo na podlagi take študije o stroških.
Cost studies
Organi so se tako morali odločiti, ali bi bilo vredno objaviti razpis za morebitne konkurente.
The Castilla-La Mancha authorities have argued that the investigated measure was targeted at digital terrestrial broadcasting based on the results of an ex ante study, carried out before adoption of the Decree.
Ob izvedbi odprtega razpisnega postopka bi agencija lahko izbirala med različnimi ponudbami, vključno z morebitnimi popusti, ki bi jih ponudili kandidati.
The ‘Comparative Socio-Economic Study’ [80], as summarised in recitals 59 to 61 concluded that the terrestrial solution would be the most cost efficient solution.
Po drugi strani pa je opustitev takega postopka lahko upravičena, če se na podlagi študije dokaže, da je ob upoštevanju vseh mogočih popustov, ki bi jih lahko ponudili morebitni kandidati, izbira satelitske tehnologije nedvomno dražja ali ta ne izpolnjuje bistvenih kvalitativnih zahtev.
The starting point of the study is the quantification of the population for which a technological choice could be made.
Ker je študija potrebna samo zaradi utemeljitve opustitve razpisa, bi bilo treba dokazati bistvene razlike med stroški za obe platformi in trdnost teh dokazov.
In certain cases, Area I and Area II overlap.
JCCM je trdila, da se ne glede na te nove številčne podatke rezultat primerjave med prizemnimi in satelitskimi tehnologijami za razpošiljanje signala ne spremeni.
For technical reasons, the study argues that in these areas (which are already partly equipped with DTT) one should only consider the extension of DTT.
Dejansko se je ob upoštevanju teh novih številčnih podatkov stroškovna prednost tehnologije digitalne prizemne televizije zmanjšala ali se po nekaterih scenarijih celo spremenila v stroškovno prednost za satelitsko rešitev.
When comparing the satellite and DTT options, the study therefore only looks at about 9,8 % of the population.
Že to kaže na dejstvo, da podatki študije niso trdni.
Secondly, the author of the study considers that among this subgroup, part of the population receives in addition a regional television service via terrestrial platform.
Organi bi morali te pomanjkljivosti prepoznati že takrat, če bi bili dovolj prizadevni.
Without further assessment it concludes that for these services, ‘it would not be rational to make the population adopt different modes of reception’.
V zvezi z izračunom stroškov je bil v študiji uporabljen napačen pristop za izračun stroška satelitskega prenosa.
Finally, there remain 2,85 % of the population — or 57510 inhabitants in 689 villages — to be considered for an alternative technology.
V študiji se predvideva, da bi občinski organi zmogljivost satelitskega transponderja najeli pri satelitski platformi, upravljali pa bi jo sami.
The study first produces an estimation of the total cost of the satellite platform — including the cost of decoders installation, assumptions based on market data about the rental cost of a satellite transponder, and the O&M costs over 10 years — and then compares it to the estimated total cost of the terrestrial platform.
Izračun zato temelji na cenah najema zmogljivosti satelitskega transponderja, objavljenih za leto 2008.
In the latter it includes the cost of decoders' installation and terrestrial transmitters, and the O&M costs over 10 years.
Te cene veljajo za posamezne povezave, zato ne upoštevajo nobenih količinskih popustov ali morebitnih pogajanj o ceni.
In the end, the total cost would be between EUR 47672550 and EUR 97646800 for the satellite solution, and between EUR 15136550 and EUR 17224350 for the terrestrial solution.
Poleg tega bi pri objavi odprtega razpisa, kakor je bilo dokazano v zvezi s Kantabrijo, kot konkurent sodeloval tudi satelitski operater.
Assessment
Njegova ponudba bi temeljila na popolnoma drugačnem izračunu cene.
At the time, the authorities had the choice either to carry out a technologically neutral tender or, on the basis of such a cost study, to pre-select one particular technology.
Če pogodba pokriva celotno območje II v Kastilji in Manči, se lahko pričakuje, da bi taka ponudba vsebovala bistvene popuste na ceno za zmogljivost v primerjavi s posameznimi cenami najema.
Thus, the authorities had to decide whether it would be worthwhile at all to invite potential competitors to tender.
Poleg tega pristop iz študije napačno vodi do sklepov, ki niso v prid možnosti satelitske tehnologije [81]:
If an open tender had been carried out, the agency could have chosen between different bids including possible discounts offered by bidders.
izračuni ne bi smeli temeljiti samo na skupni vsoti, ampak na neto sedanji vrednosti tekočih stroškov [82],
On the other hand, it may be justified to dispense with such a tender procedure if the study demonstrated that, taking into account all possible discounts which could be envisaged from potential bidders, the satellite technology was clearly more expensive or it would not fulfil essential qualitative requirements.
v študiji se pri potrebi po novih centrih za razpošiljanje signala digitalne prizemne televizije (in pri povezanih stroških) zanemarja eksponentna rast zaradi oddaljenosti zadnjih vasi, ki jih je treba pokriti, in se namesto nje upošteva linearna širitev,
As the study is merely necessary to justify dispensing with the tender, it would be necessary to demonstrate a significant cost difference between the two platforms and the robustness of such a result.
v študiji so bili izračunani letni stroški upravljanja in vzdrževanja v višini 3 % stroškov za opremo, medtem ko organi navajajo, da „so stroški za dve leti upravljanja in vzdrževanja ocenjeni na 20 % stroškov za opremo“ (tj. 10 % na leto).
The study is far from meeting these requirements.
Zaradi tega se zdijo izračuni za digitalno prizemno televizijo preveč optimistični.
First, following a request for information sent by the Commission in 2011, the authorities had to make corrections to the data used in the study.
Ta sklep je podprt s primerjavo stroškov za uvedbo digitalne prizemne televizije, ocenjenih v študiji, z denarjem, ki je bil naknadno dejansko porabljen.
The corrections consisted in the increase of the costs for transmission sites by about 65 %, as well as of the number of transmission sites that were actually needed to guarantee the expected coverage.
V študiji se ocenjuje, da bi najvišji stroški za uporabo digitalne prizemne televizije znašali približno 15–17 milijonov EUR.
JCCM argued that even with these new figures, the outcome of the comparison between terrestrial and satellite transmission technologies would not change.
Vendar so organi Kastilje in Manče nato porabili 46 milijonov EUR za posodobitev digitalne prizemne televizije (skupaj z odhodki za namestitev satelitskih sprejemnikov, ko se je dejansko izkazalo, da digitalna prizemna televizija ni ekonomsko izvedljiva).
In fact, however, when taking these new figures into account the cost advantage of the DTT technology was diminished, or, in some scenarios, even turned around into a cost advantage for the satellite solution.
Sklepne ugotovitve
This already shows that the results of the study are not robust.
Ocene iz študije niso trdne.
These flaws should have been evident to the authorities at the time if they had exercised sufficient diligence.
Pri uporabi lastnih (čeprav posodobljenih) podatkov Kastilje in Manče se je prvotna prednost glede stroškov v prid omrežja digitalne prizemne televizije zmanjšala ali celo spremenila v prednost za satelitsko platformo [83].
As regards the cost calculation, the study takes the wrong approach when calculating the cost of satellite transmission.
Študija ne upošteva možnosti popustov, ki bi jih ponudil satelitski operater v konkurenčnem postopku oddaje javnega naročila.
It assumes that municipalities would rent satellite transponder capacity from the satellite platform and operate the satellite connection itself.
Na podlagi navedenih okoliščin študija zato ne zagotavlja zadostnih dokazov, ki bi upravičili predhodno izbiro tehnologije digitalne prizemne televizije in opustitev izvedbe odprtega razpisnega postopka.
Its calculation is therefore based on published (2008) rental prices for satellite transponder capacity.
Druge študije o stroških
Further, in the case of an open tender, as demonstrated in the case of Cantabria, the satellite operator would enter itself as a competitor.
Študija nasprotno navaja, da je bolj realna kombinacija tehnologij, in sicer bi to za območje II pomenilo 70 % satelitskega oddajanja in 30 % prizemnega oddajanja [84].
Its bid would be based on a completely different price calculation.
Poleg tega študija ugotavlja, da bi se morala izbira določene tehnološke rešitve za razširitev pokritja analizirati glede na posamezno regijo, pri čemer se upoštevajo posebne topografske in demografske značilnosti vsake regije.
In comparison to individual rental prices, if the contract covers the entire Area II in Castilla-La Mancha, it can be expected that such a bid would include significant capacity price discounts.
Ta ugotovitev namesto predloga predhodne izbire določene tehnologije podpira potrebo po organizaciji tehnološko nevtralnega razpisa, da se določi, katera platforma je primernejša v posebnem primeru Kastilje in Manče.
Further, the study's approach unduly drives the results against the satellite option [81]:
V zvezi z dvema študijama o stroških, ki ju je predložila družba Abertis, je treba poudariti, da sta bili izvedeni leta 2010, dolgo zatem, ko so začeli veljati preiskovani ukrepi.
Calculations should be based on net present value (NPV) of recurrent cost instead of using the plain sum [82],
Ne glede na to, ali bi se lahko šteli kot dovolj neodvisni in trdni, dejstvo, da sta bili izvedeni po izpodbijanih ukrepih, pomeni, da na njuni podlagi ni mogoče upravičiti tega, da je španska vlada izbirala digitalno prizemno televizijo in ni izvedla tehnološko nevtralnega razpisa.
the study neglects the exponential evolution in the need (and related cost) for new DTT transmission sites due to the remoteness of the last villages to be covered and considers rather a linear expansion,
Komisija je od Astre prejela tudi ocene stroškov, ki dokazujejo, da je satelitska tehnologija stroškovno učinkovitejša.
the study calculates yearly O&M cost of 3 % of equipment cost, while the authorities themselves mention that ‘costs for two years of operating and maintenance are estimated at 20 % of the equipment costs’ (i.e. yearly 10 %)
Zaradi istih razlogov se tudi te ocene niso upoštevale.
As a result the cost calculation for DTT, instead, appears overly optimistic.
Kot je navedeno v uvodni izjavi 161, v zvezi s študijo Kastilje in Manče tudi v drugih študijah ni bilo ugotovljeno, da je prizemna digitalna platforma v primerjavi z drugimi tehnološkimi rešitvami boljša v smislu kakovosti ali cene.
This conclusion is supported when comparing the study's estimated cost for DTT roll-out with the money actually spent thereafter.
Študije zato ne upravičujejo dejstva, da se JCCM ni odločila organizirati odprtega razpisnega postopka.
The study estimates that the maximum cost of DTT deployment would amount to about EUR 15-17 million.
Ustreznost in sorazmernost ukrepa
However, Castilla-La Mancha authority later spent EUR 46 million for the DTT upgrading (plus expenses for the installation of satellite receptors where in fact it turned out that DTT was not economically feasible).
Ukrep se ne more šteti kot ustrezen zaradi več razlogov.
Conclusion
Zaradi dodelitve pomoči neposredno uveljavljenima operaterjema digitalne prizemne televizije Telecomu CLM in Abertisu ukrep ne upošteva drugih rešitev, ki bi lahko bile stroškovno učinkovitejše ali zagotovile kakovostnejšo rešitev.
The estimates of the study are not robust.
Kot omenjeno v prejšnjem oddelku, ni utemeljenega razloga za izključitev satelitske platforme.
By using Castilla-La Mancha's own (even if updated) figures, the initial cost advantage of the DTT network diminished, or, in some scenarios even turned around into an advantage for the satellite platform [83].
Dejstvo, da nekatera gospodinjstva na območju II sprejemajo nekodirane kanale prek satelita, dokazuje, da prizemna tehnologija ni vedno najučinkovitejša in najustreznejša platforma.
This does not yet take into account the possibility of discounts offered by a satellite operator in a competitive tender procedure.
Prav tako je navedeno, da so tudi v drugih državah članicah za digitalno televizijo izbrali satelitski prenos, celo na območjih, kjer je bila mogoča tudi prizemna rešitev [85].
On the basis of the above considerations, the study therefore does not provide sufficient evidence to justify the ex ante choice of the DTT technology and refraining from an open tendering procedure.
Poleg tega dejstvo, da je Astra sodelovala na tehnološko nevtralnem razpisu za razširitev pokritja z digitalno televizijo v Kantabriji in na njem tudi zmagala, kaže vsaj na to, da lahko satelitska platforma zagotavlja to storitev [86].
Other cost studies
Nadalje, različne študije o stroških primerjajo samo digitalno prizemno televizijo in satelitske platforme.
The Spanish government provided an in-house study into the feasibility of providing universal DTT service using DTT or satellite, carried out by the Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade (MIEyT) in July 2007.
Ne upoštevajo drugih tehnoloških rešitev, kot so kabelska omrežja in IPTV.
However, that study was not made available to the Autonomous Communities, as Castilla-La Mancha and it was only used as an internal document.
Slednja sicer ne more pokrivati celotnega ozemlja, vendar bi lahko bila kombinacija tehnologij, ki vključuje take platforme ter digitalno prizemno tehnologijo in satelitski prenos, učinkovitejša.
In any case, the Commission considers that the ex ante study provided by the Spanish authorities, as referred to in recital 62, does not demonstrate the superiority of the terrestrial platform over satellite.
Ukrep ni ustrezen tudi zato, ker razlikuje med samimi operaterji digitalne prizemne tehnologije.
On the contrary, the study considers that a mix of technologies is more realistic and assumes for Area II a combination of 70 % satellite and 30 % terrestrial transmission [84].
Z neposredno izbiro uveljavljenih operaterjev digitalne prizemne tehnologije Telecoma CLM in Abertisa ukrep ne ugotavlja, ali bi lahko drugi operaterji digitalne prizemne televizije, kot je Radiodifusión, oddali cenejšo ali kakovostnejšo ponudbo.
Moreover, the study concludes that the choice of a particular technological solution for the extension of coverage shall be analysed on a region-by-region basis, taking into account the topographic and demographic particularities of every region.
Primernost predhodne izbire operaterjev digitalne prizemne televizije je vprašljiva tudi zaradi omejitev zmogljivosti platform za digitalno prizemno televizijo.
Instead of suggesting an ex ante choice of a particular technology, this conclusion rather advocates for the need to carry out a technologically neutral tender to determine which platform is more suitable in the particular case of Castilla-La Mancha.
Medtem ko je bil v Španiji prehod z analogne televizije na digitalno prizemno televizijo v frekvenčnem pasu 800 MHz zaključen 3. aprila 2010, se je Španija leta 2011 odločila, da na dražbi proda frekvence v frekvenčnem pasu 800 MHz telekomunikacijskim operaterjem, da bi zagotovila skladnost s Sklepom št. 243/2012/EU.
Concerning the two cost studies submitted by Abertis, it has to be noted that they were performed in 2010, long after the investigated measures were put into effect.
Ti stroški ne bi nastali, če bi bile izbrane druge platforme (IPTV, kabel ali satelit).
The Commission received also cost estimations provided by Astra which demonstrate that satellite technology is more cost effective.
Poleg tega je bilo izpostavljeno, da frekvence četrte generacije mobilnih omrežij motijo signale digitalne prizemne televizije in da morajo gospodinjstva kupiti drage filtre za zaščito svojega signala digitalne prizemne televizije pred valovi LTE [88].
For same reasons they also were not taken into account.
Ni mogoče izključiti, da so podobne motnje splošnejša težava, ki ogroža prihodnjo ustreznost prizemne radiodifuzije, zlasti v okviru širše uvedbe dostopovnih omrežij naslednje generacije.
As concluded for the JCCM study in recital 161, also other studies do not allow to conclude that the terrestrial digital platform is, in terms of quality or price, superior to other technological solutions.
Španija je predložila dva druga argumenta za obrazložitev, zakaj bi bil satelitski prenos dražji od prenosa digitalne prizemne televizije.
They therefore do not justify that JCCM refrained from an open tendering procedure.
Prvič, izdajatelji televizijskega programa so na podlagi sporazumov s ponudniki vsebine ozemeljsko omejeni.
Appropriateness and proportionality of the measure
Zagotovitev takega pogojnega dostopa bi bila pri satelitski tehnologiji dražja.
For a number of reasons, the measure cannot be considered appropriate.
Drugič, satelitska tehnologija ne bi bila opremljena za oddajanje velikega števila regionalnih kanalov.
By granting the aid directly to the established DTT operators TelecomCLM and Abertis, the measure does not consider alternative solutions which may have been more cost efficient or may have provided a better qualitative solution.
Te domneve niso bile podkrepljene z dokazi in jim nasprotuje dejstvo, da je kantabrijski projekt Astre vključeval profesionalni sistem pogojnega dostopa.
As discussed in the previous section, there is no justification for ruling out a satellite platform.
Poleg tega bi bila satelitska tehnologija na podlagi izračunov stroškov, ki jih je izvedla Astra, še vedno cenejša, četudi bi bilo treba skleniti posamezne sporazume z vsako špansko regijo.
The fact that some households in Area II receive free-to-air channels via satellite demonstrates that terrestrial technology is not always the most efficient and appropriate platform.
V zvezi z regionalno radiodifuzijo Astra vztraja, da je število kanalov španske vlade, tj. 1380, odločno pretirano [89].
It is also noted that satellite transmission has also been the choice used for digital TV in some other Member States, even in areas where the terrestrial solution was also possible [85].
Na podlagi svojih izračunov znova trdi, da bi bila satelitska rešitev cenejša tudi, če bi bili vključeni regionalni in lokalni kanali.
Moreover, the fact that Astra competed and won the technologically neutral tender for extension of coverage of digital television in Cantabria suggests, at least, that satellite platform can provide this service [86].
Komisija meni, da preiskovani ukrep ni upošteval načela tehnološke nevtralnosti.
Further, the various cost studies only compare DTT and satellite platforms.
Kot je pojasnjeno zgoraj, ukrep ni sorazmeren in ni ustrezen instrument za zagotavljanje pokritja prebivalcem območja II v Kastilji in Manči z nekodiranimi kanali.
They do not consider alternative technological solutions as cable networks and IPTV.
Upravljanje in vzdrževanje omrežij
While the latter cannot cover the entire territory, a technology mix which includes such platforms as well as DTT and satellite transmission could have been more efficient.
Ker stalno financiranje upravljanja in vzdrževanja subvencioniranih digitalnih prizemnih in satelitskih omrežij pomeni pomožno uporabo pomoči, se ne more šteti za tehnološko nevtralno.
The measure is also not appropriate as it discriminates between DTT operators themselves.
Usmerjeno je k ohranjanju centrov za radiodifuzijo signala prek prizemnih platform.
By selecting directly the established DTT operators TelecomCLM and Abertis, the measure does not investigate whether other DTT operators, as Radiodifusion, could have made a less expensive or qualitatively better offer.
Taka pomoč je zato tudi nezdružljiva.
The appropriateness of pre-selecting the DTT operators is further put into question by capacity constraints on the DTT platform.
Vse prihodnje pomoči za upravljanje in vzdrževanje je treba priglasiti in morajo upoštevati načelo tehnološke nevtralnosti.
While the transition from analogue TV to DTT in the 800 MHz band was completed in Spain on 3 April 2010, in 2011 it was decided to auction the 800 MHz band frequencies to telecommunication operators in order to comply with Decision No 243/2012/EU.
Izogibanje nepotrebnim izkrivljanjem
As a result, it is necessary to transfer broadcasts to other channels located below 790 MHz, no later than by 1 January 2014.
Medtem ko je lahko javna intervencija upravičena zaradi obstoja nekaterih nedelovanj trga in morebitnih kohezijskih težav, zasnova ukrepa po nepotrebnem izkrivlja konkurenco.
As this creates additional costs, on 5 November 2011 Spain notified two measures for households and broadcasters with a budget of EUR 600-800 million in Area I (no measure has yet been notified for Area II) [87].
Sklepna ugotovitev v zvezi s členom 107(3)(c) Pogodbe
Such cost would not have arisen if other platforms (IPTV, cable or satellite) had been chosen.
Komisija je sklenila, da preiskovani ukrep, vključno s stalno pomočjo, ni ustrezen, potreben in sorazmeren instrument za odstranitev opredeljenega nedelovanja trga.
A further frequency shift to free more capacity for the future mobile LTE technology, creating similar cost, is expected for the coming years.
Člen 106(2) Pogodbe
What is more, it has been raised that 4G mobile frequencies LTE interfere with DTT signals and households need to buy costly filters to protect their DTT signal from the LTE waves [88].
Izvzetje iz člena 106(2) se uporablja za državno nadomestilo za stroške zagotavljanja javne storitve.
It cannot be excluded that similar interferences are a more general problem undermining the future appropriateness of terrestrial broadcasting, especially in the context of wider roll-out of NGA networks.
Nacionalni (ali regionalni) organi morajo jasno opredeliti storitev splošnega gospodarskega pomena in za njeno izvajanje pooblastiti posebno podjetje.
Spain proposed two other arguments why satellite transmission would be more expensive than DTT.
V formalnem postopku španski organi niso predložili argumentov ali dokazov, zakaj bi moral biti ukrep razglašen za združljivega na podlagi člena 106(2) Pogodbe.
First, in their agreements with content providers, broadcasters have territorial restrictions.
Da se lahko uporabi člen 106(2) Pogodbe, morajo nacionalni (ali regionalni) organi jasno opredeliti storitev splošnega gospodarskega pomena in za njeno izvajanje pooblastiti posebno podjetje.
To ensure such conditional access would be more expensive for satellite technology.
V španski zakonodaji ni akta o pooblastitvi v zvezi s storitvijo splošnega gospodarskega pomena za uvedbo digitalne prizemne televizije, niti takega akta niso sprejeli španski organi.
Second, satellite technology would not be equipped to broadcast a large number of regional channels.
Prvič, v skladu s špansko zakonodajo upravljanje prizemnega omrežja ni javna storitev.