natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Incubate the remaining parallel BOD bottles at the test temperature (15-20 °C), keep in the dark, and remove from the incubation area at appropriate time intervals, (e.g. after 5, 15 and 28 days as a minimum) and analyse for dissolved oxygen (paragraph 33).
Podobne meritve se izvedejo za ustrezne slepe vzorce, referenčne snovi in posode za kontrolo zaviranja, če so vključene (glej odstavek 21).
Membrane filter (0,2-0,45 μm) or centrifuge, for 15 minutes, samples for specific analyses (optional).
V nekaterih primerih, zlasti če se iste kontrolne posode uporabijo za več preskusnih snovi, je treba proučiti meritve vmesnih koncentracij anorganskega ogljika v preskusnih in kontrolnih posodah, kot je primerno.
Store for up to 48 hours at 2-4 °C, or for longer periods at – 18 °C, if not analysed immediately (if it is known that the test substance will remain unaffected, acidify to pH 2 before storing).
V tem primeru je treba pripraviti dovolj posod za vse vmesne meritve.
Dissolved oxygen determination
Ta postopek ima prednost pred odvzemom vzorcev zgolj iz ene posode.
Determine the concentration of dissolved oxygen using a chemical or electrochemical method which is recognised nationally or internationally.
Slednje se lahko izvede le, če se zdi, da potrebna prostornina za analizo raztopljenega anorganskega ogljika ni prevelika.
Calculate the BOD as the difference of the oxygen depletion between a blank and a solution of test substance under the conditions of the test.
po odvzemu vzorca se odvečni plin sprosti ali ne,
Divide the net oxygen depletion by the concentration (w/v) of the substance in order to express the BOD as mg BOD/mg test substance.
upoštevati je treba, da lahko še tako majhno zmanjšanje prostornine supernatanta (npr. približno 1 %) pomeni znatno povečanje prostornine plina v prostoru v zaprti posodi nad fazno mejo plin-kapljevina (Vh),
The degradation is defined as the ratio of the biochemical oxygen demand to either, preferably, the theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) or the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and expressed as a percentage (see paragraph 36).
enačbe (glej odstavek 44) se popravijo z vstavitvijo Vh v enačbo 3, kot je potrebno.
Calculate the biodegradation values for each sampling time for both test and reference substances using one or other of the equations:
Specifične analize
ThOD theoretical oxygen demand (calculation, Appendix 3)
Če je treba določiti primarno anaerobno razgradnjo (glej odstavek 30), se iz posod, ki vsebujejo preskusno snov, na začetku in na koncu preskusa odvzame primerna prostornina vzorca za specifične analize.
COD chemical oxygen demand, determined experimentally.
Če se to izvede, je treba pri izračunu rezultatov nastajanja plina upoštevati, da se bosta prostornini prostora v zaprti posodi nad fazno mejo plin-kapljevina (Vh) in tekočine (Vl) spremenili.
Illustrate the course of the degradation test graphically in a diagram (see example in section on “Validity and interpretation of results”.
Ogljik v prostoru v zaprti posodi nad fazno mejo plin-kapljevina
If there are sufficient data, calculate the lag phase (tL) and the time (t50) to reach 50 per cent removal from the end of the lag phase from the biodegradation curve.
Ker tako 1 mol metana kot 1 mol ogljikovega dioksida vsebuje 12 g ogljika, se lahko masa ogljika v dani prostornini sproščenega plina izrazi kot:
If specific analysis is used (optional), state the percentage of primary degradation as the percentage of specific substance removal within the test period (corrected for analytical blanks).
enačba [1],
location and description of the sampling site:
masa ogljika (mg) v dani prostornini sproščenega plina,
characteristics of the sample (date of sampling, depth, appearance, temperature, salinity, DOC (optional), delay between collection and use in the test);
12 relativna atomska masa ogljika,
method used for the COD determination (if performed);
število molov plina v dani prostornini.
method used for the oxygen measurements;
Če plin, ki ni metan ali ogljikov dioksid (npr. N2O), nastane v znatnih količinah, je treba enačbo [1] spremeniti, da opisuje možnost učinkov nastalih plinov.
dispersion procedure for substances which are poorly soluble under the test conditions;
Na podlagi zakona plina se lahko n izrazi kot:
method used for determining the number of heterotrophs in the seawater (plate count method or alternative procedure);
enačba [2]
method used for determining DOC in seawater (optional);
tlak plina (paskali),
other optional methods used to characterise the seawater (ATP measurements, etc.).
prostornina plina (m3),
analytical data reported on a data sheet (as attached, Appendix 5);
plinska konstanta [8314 J/(mol K)],
the course of the degradation test represented graphically in a diagram showing the lag phase, (tL), slope and time (starting from the end of the lag phase) to reach 50 per cent of the final oxygen uptake caused by oxidation of the test substance (t50).
inkubacijska temperatura (kelvini).
The lag phase may be estimated graphically as shown in the attached figure, or conveniently taken as the time needed for 10 per cent degradation;
S kombinacijo enačb [1] in [2] ter racionalizacijo za omogočanje nastajanja plina v slepih kontrolah.
per cent degradation measured after 28 days.
enačba [3]
The blank respiration should not exceed 30 per cent of the oxygen in the test bottle.
masa neto ogljika, ki nastane kot plin v prostoru v zaprti posodi nad fazno mejo plin-kapljevina (mg),
If it is not possible to meet this criterion using freshly collected seawater, the seawater must be aged (stabilized) before use.
sredina razlike med začetnim in končnim tlakom v preskusni posodi, od katere se odšteje ustrezna sredina v slepih posodah (milibari),
The possibility that nitrogen-containing substances may affect the results should be considered.
prostornina prostora v zaprti posodi nad fazno mejo plin-kapljevina v posodi (l),
Results obtained with the reference substances sodium benzoate and aniline should be comparable to the results obtained in the ring-test (3) (paragraph 9).
0,1 pretvorba za newtone/m2 v milibare in m3 v litre.
The test substance can be considered to be inhibitory to bacteria (at the concentration used) if the BOD of the mixture of reference and test substances is less than the sum of the BOD of the separate solutions of the two substances.
Enačbo [4] je treba uporabiti za normalno inkubacijsko temperaturo, ki je 35 °C (308 K):
Owing to the relatively high test concentrations as compared with most natural systems, and consequently an unfavourable ratio between the concentrations of test substance and other carbon sources, the method is to be regarded as a preliminary test which can be used to indicate whether or not a substance is easily biodegradable.
enačba [4]
Accordingly, a low result does not necessarily mean that the test substance is not biodegradable in marine environments, but indicates that more work will be necessary in order for this to be established.
nadomestni izračun prostornine.
An example of a theoretical degradation experiment illustrating a feasible way of estimating the values of tL (length of “lag phase”) and t50, time interval (starting at tL), needed to reach 50 % of the final oxygen uptake caused by oxidation of the test substance, is given below:
Odčitki merilnika tlaka se pretvorijo v ml nastalega plina z umeritveno krivuljo, dobljeno z grafičnim prikazom injicirane prostornine (ml) glede na odčitke merilnika (Dodatek 2).
Chapter C.4-B of this Annex:
Število molov (n) plina v prostoru v zaprti posodi nad fazno mejo plin-kapljevina se izračuna z deljenjem skupne količine nastalega plina (ml) s 25286 ml/mol, kar je prostornina, ki jo zasede en mol plina pri 35 °C in standardnem atmosferskem tlaku.
Determination of “Ready” Biodegradability Part III Modified OECD Screening Test
Ker tako 1 mol CH4 kot 1 mol CO2 vsebuje 12 g ogljika, se količina ogljika (mg) v prostoru v zaprti posodi nad fazno mejo plin-kapljevina (mh) izračuna z enačbo [5]:
Biodegradation — Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test.
enačba [5]
Chapter C.4-E of this Annex:
Racionalizacija za omogočanje nastajanja plina v slepih kontrolah:
Determination of “Ready” Biodegradability, Part VI.
enačba [6]
Closed Bottle Test.
sredina razlike med prostornino nastalega plina v prostoru v zaprti posodi nad fazno mejo plin-kapljevina v preskusnih posodah in posodah s slepimi kontrolami,
Determination of organic carbon in seawater
prostornina, ki jo zasede 1 mol plina pri 35 °C in 1 atmosferi.
For the determination of organic carbon of a water sample, the organic compounds in the sample are oxidized to carbon dioxide using generally one of the following three techniques:
Potek biološke razgradnje se lahko sledi z grafičnim prikazom povečanja skupnega tlaka Dp (milibari) v odvisnosti od časa, če je primerno.
wet-oxidation by persulphate/UV-irradiation;
Na podlagi te krivulje se določi in zabeleži lag faza (dnevi).
wet-oxidation by persulfate/elevated temperature (116-130 °C);
Lag faza je čas od začetka preskusa do začetka znatne razgradnje (glej na primer Dodatek 3).
combustion.
Če so bili odvzeti in analizirani vmesni vzorci supernatanta (glej odstavke 40, 46 in 47), se lahko namesto kumulativnega tlaka grafično prikaže skupni nastali ogljik (v plinu in tekočini).
Evolved CO2 is quantified employing infra-red spectrometry or titrimetry.
Ogljik v tekočini
Alternatively, CO2 is reduced to methane, which is quantified on a flame ionization detector (FID).
Količina metana v tekočini se zanemari, ker je znano, da je zelo slabo topen v vodi.
The persulfate/UV-method is commonly used for the analysis of “clean” water with low content of particulate matter.
Masa anorganskega ogljika v tekočini preskusne posode se izračuna z enačbo [7]:
The latter two methods can be applied to most kinds of water samples, the persulfate/elevated temperature-oxidation being most suitable for low-level samples, and the combustion technique being applicable for samples with non-volatile organic carbon (NVOC) content well above 1 mg C/l.
enačba [7]
Interferences
masa anorganskega ogljika v tekočini (mg),
All three methods are dependent on eliminating or compensating for inorganic carbon (IC) present in the sample.
koncentracija anorganskega ogljika v preskusnih posodah, od katere se odšteje koncentracija v kontrolnih posodah na koncu preskusa (mg/l),
Purging of CO2 from the acidified sample is the most frequently used method to eliminate the IC, although this also results in a loss of volatile organic compounds (1).
prostornina tekočine v posodi (l).
The complete elimination or compensation of IC must be ensured for each sample matrix, and volatile organic carbon (VOC) must be determined in addition to NVOC dependent on the sample type.
Skupni uplinjeni ogljik
High chloride concentrations result in decreased oxidation efficiency using the persulfate/UV-method (2).
Skupna masa uplinjenega ogljika v posodi se izračuna z enačbo [8]:
Application of an oxidation reagent modified by the addition of mercury (II) nitrate may, however, remove this interference.
enačba [8]
It is recommended that the maximum tolerable sample volume be used to evaluate each type of chloride-containing sample.
mt = skupna masa uplinjenega ogljika (mg),
High salt concentrations in sample analysed using the combustion method can cause salt coating of the catalyst and excessive corrosion of the combustion tube.
mh in ml sta enaka zgornjim opredelitvam.
Precautions should be taken according to the manufacturer's manual.
Ogljik preskusne snovi
Highly turbid samples as well as samples containing particulate matter may be incompletely oxidized when employing the persulfate/UV-method.
Masa ogljika v preskusnih posodah, ki izhaja iz dodane preskusne snovi, se izračuna z enačbo [9]:
An example of a suitable method
enačba [9]
Non-volatile organic carbon is determined by oxidation with persulfate/UV-irradiation and subsequent quantification of evolved CO2 employing non-dispersive infra-red spectrometry.
masa ogljika preskusne snovi (mg),
8,2 g HgCl2 and 9,6 g Hg(NO3)2·H2O are dissolved in several hundred millilitres of low carbon concentration reagent water.
prostornina tekočine v preskusni posodi (l).
5 ml HNO3 (conc.) are added to the mixture.
Odstotek biološke razgradnje se iz plina v prostoru v zaprti posodi nad fazno mejo plin-kapljevina izračuna z enačbo [10], skupni odstotek biološke razgradnje pa z enačbo [11]:
the reagent is diluted to 1000 ml.
enačba [10]
The interference from chloride is removed using a 40 μl sample volume for 10 per cent chloride and 200 μl sample volume for 1,9 per cent chloride.
enačba [11]
Samples of high chloride concentrations and/or larger sample volumes can be analysed according to this method provided that build-up of chloride in the oxidation vessel is prevented.
Dh = biološka razgradnja iz plina v prostoru v zaprti posodi nad fazno mejo plin-kapljevina ( %),
Determination of volatile organic carbon can subsequently be performed, if relevant, for the sample type in question.
Dt = skupna biološka razgradnja ( %),
Also of interest (gives a description of an autoanalysis system):
mh mv in mt so enaki zgornjim opredelitvam.
An automated colorimetric method for the determination of dissolved organic carbon in seawater by UV destruction.
Stopnja primarne biološke razgradnje se izračuna iz (neobveznih) meritev koncentracije preskusne snovi na začetku in koncu inkubacije z enačbo [12]:
Biodegradation in seawater
enačba [12]
DATA SHEET
primarna razgradnja preskusne snovi ( %),
LABORATORY:
začetna koncentracija preskusne snovi (mg/l),
DATE AT START OF TEST:
koncentracija preskusne snovi na koncu (mg/l).
TEST SUBSTANCE:
Če metoda analize kaže znatne koncentracije preskusne snovi v neprilagojenem inokulumu anaerobnega blata, se uporabi enačba [13]:
Name:
enačba [13]
Stock solution concentration:
popravljena primarna razgradnja preskusne snovi ( %),
mg/l as substance
začetna ‚očitna‘ koncentracija preskusne snovi v slepih kontrolah (mg/l),
Initial concentration in medium, to:
‚očitna‘ koncentracija preskusne snovi v slepih kontrolah na koncu (mg/l).
SEAWATER:
Veljavnost rezultatov
Source:
Uporabijo se lahko samo odčitki tlaka v posodah, ki ne kažejo rožnate obarvanosti (glej odstavek 33).
Date of collection:
Onesnaženje s kisikom se najbolj zmanjša z uporabo ustreznih tehnik za anaerobno ravnanje.
Depth of collection:
Upoštevati je treba, da je preskus veljaven, če referenčna snov doseže ravnotežje, ki predstavlja več kot 60-odstotno biološko razgradnjo [17].
Appearance at time of collection (e.g. turbid, etc.):
Če pH na koncu preskusa preseže razpon 7 ± 1 in biološka razgradnja ni zadostna, se preskus ponovi z večjo puferno kapaciteto medija.
Salinity at collection:
Zaviranje razgradnje
Temperature at collection:
V nekaterih primerih bo v posodah, ki vsebujejo preskusno snov brez referenčne snovi, nastalo manj plina kot v slepih kontrolah, kar kaže, da preskusna snov deluje kot inhibitor.
DOC “x” hours after collection:
V poročilo o preskusu se vključijo naslednje informacije:
Pretreatment prior to testing (e.g. filtration, sedimentation, ageing, etc.):
splošno ime, kemijsko ime, številka CAS, strukturna formula in pomembne fizikalno-kemijske lastnosti,
Microbial colony count
čistost (nečistoče) preskusne snovi.
Other characteristics:
uporabljena preskusna koncentracija in uporaba topil,
CARBON DETERMINATIONS:
naziv čistilne naprave, opis vira prečiščene odpadne vode (npr. obratovalna temperatura, retencijski čas blata, predvsem gospodinjski itd.), koncentracija, vse informacije, potrebne za utemeljitev tega, in informacije o vseh predhodnih tretiranjih inokuluma (npr. predhodno gnitje, predhodna izpostavljenost),
Carbon analyser:
inkubacijska temperatura,
Flask no.
vrednosti pH in anorganskega ogljika na koncu preskusa,
DOC after n days (mg/l)
koncentracija preskusne snovi na začetku in koncu preskusa, če je bila izvedena specifična meritev,
Test:
vsi izmerjeni podatki, zbrani v preskusu, slepe posode, posode z referenčno snovjo in posode za kontrolo zaviranja, kot je ustrezno (npr. tlak v milibarih, koncentracija anorganskega ogljika (mg/l) v obliki tabele (izmerjene podatke za prostor v zaprti posodi nad fazno mejo plin-kapljevina in tekočino je treba sporočiti ločeno),
nutrient-fortified seawater with test substance
statistična obdelava podatkov, trajanje preskusa ter diagram biološke razgradnje preskusne snovi, referenčne snovi in kontrole strupenosti,
mean, Ca(t)
odstotek biološke razgradnje preskusne snovi in referenčne snovi,
mean, Cb(t)
razlogi za morebitno zavrnitev rezultatov preskusa,
Blank:
razprava o rezultatih.
nutrient-fortified seawater without test substance
Naslednja poglavja te priloge:
mean, Cc(t)
C.4 Določanje ‚dobre‘ biorazgradljivosti;
mean, Cd(t)
Modified MITI Test (II), OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals, No.
mean,Cblt
302C, OECD, Pariz.
EVALUATION OF RAW DATA:
Bioassay for monitoring biochemical methane potential and anaerobic toxicity.
Flask No.
Water Res.
Calculation of results
13, 485–492.
% Degradation after n days
1 Merilnik tlaka
Similar formats may be used when degradation is followed by specific analysis and for the reference substance and toxicity controls.
5 Prostor v zaprti posodi nad fazno mejo plin-kapljevina (Vh)
ABIOTIC DEGRADATION (optional)
6 Inokulum pregnitega blata (Vl)
DOC conc. (mg/l) in sterile control
Odčitki merilnika tlaka so lahko povezani s prostorninami plina z umeritveno krivuljo, ki nastane z injiciranjem znanih prostornin zraka pri 35 °C ± 2 °C v serumske steklenice, ki vsebujejo toliko vode kot reakcijska zmes, VR:
D1 and D2 should not be averaged if there is a considerable difference.
Steklenice se zatesnijo in za eno uro postavijo v vodno kopel pri 35 °C, da se vzpostavi ravnotežje,
Calculation of the theoretical biochemical oxygen demand
injekcijska igla se vstavi skozi tesnilo ene od steklenic, ventil se odpre, dokler se na merilniku tlaka ne prikaže vrednost nič, in nato zapre,
CLOSED BOTTLE METHOD
postopek se ponovi pri ostalih steklenicah,
The ThOD of the substance CcHhClclNnNanaOoPpSs of the molecular weight MW is calculated according to:
zgornji postopek se v celoti ponovi z 2 ml, 3 ml, 4 ml, 5 ml, 6 ml, 8 ml, 10 ml, 12 ml, 16 ml, 20 ml in 50 ml zraka,
This calculation implies that C is mineralised to CO2, H to H2O, P to P2O5 and Na to Na2O.
grafično se prikaže krivulja pretvorbe tlaka (Pa) v odvisnosti od injicirane prostornine plina Vb (ml).
Halogen is eliminated as hydrogen halide and nitrogen as ammonia.
Primer krivulje razgradnje (skupno neto povečanje tlaka)
Example:
Primer podatkovnih listov za preskus anaerobne biološke razgradnje – podatkovni list za preskusno snov
Glucose C6H12O6, MW = 180
Laboratorij:
Molecular weights of salts other than those of the alkali metals are calculated on the assumption that the salts have been hydrolysed.
Prostornina prostora v zaprti posodi nad fazno mejo plin-kapljevina (Vh):
Sulphur is assumed to be oxidised to the state of + 6.
Prostornina tekočine (Vl):
Sodium n-dodecylbenzenesulphonate C18H29SO3Na, MW = 348
Ogljik v preskusni snovi Cc,v:
In the case of nitrogen-containing substances the nitrogen may be eliminated as ammonia, nitrite, or nitrate corresponding to different theoretical biochemical oxygen demands.
Dan
Suppose full nitrate formation had been observed by analysis in the case of a secondary amine:
p1 (preskus)
Initial conc. in seawater medium:
p2 (preskus)
ThOD or COD:
p3 (preskus)
mg O2/mg test substance
p (preskus)
Pre-treatment prior to testing (e.g. filtration, sedimentation, ageing, etc.):
p4 (slepi)
TEST MEDIUM:
p5 (slepi)
Temperature after aeration:
p6 (slepi)
O2 concentration after aeration and standing before start of test:
p (slepi)
DO DETERMINATION:
p (neto)
Method:
preskus – slepi
Winkler/electrode
sredina (milibari)
mg O2/l after n days
Δp (neto)
nutrient — fortified seawater with test substance
skupaj
Mean test
prostor v zaprti posodi nad fazno mejo plin-kapljevina C [2](mg)
nutrient — fortified seawater, but without test substance
biološka razgradnja [3](%)
Mean blank
preskus
Similar format may be used for reference substance and toxicity controls.
sredina – preskus
DO DEPLETION:
slepi
% DEGRADATION ( %D):
sredina – slepi
DO depletion after n days
preskus – slepi
This assumes that mb(o) = mt(o), wherem b(o) blank value at day 0,m t(o) test substance value at day 0.If mb(o) does not equal mt(o), use (mt(o) – mt(x)) – (mb(o) – mb(x)), wherem b(x) blank value at day x,m t(x) test substance value at day x.
tekočina C [4](mg)
C.43.
skupaj C [5](mg)
ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADABILITY OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN DIGESTED SLUDGE:
biološka razgradnja [6](%)
BY MEASUREMENT OF GAS PRODUCTION
Anorganski ogljik (konec)
This test method is equivalent to OECD Test Guideline (TG) 311 (2006).
pH (konec)
There are a number of screening tests for assessing aerobic biodegradability of organic substances (Test methods C.4, C.9, C.10, and C.11 (1) and OECD TG 302C (2)) and the results of applying these have been successfully used to predict the fate of substances in the aerobic environment, particularly in the aerobic stages of waste water treatment.
Referenčna snov:
Various proportions of water-insoluble substances, as well as of those which adsorb on to sewage solids, are also dealt with aerobically, since they are present in settled sewage.
Prostornina tekočine (Vl) (litri):
However, the larger fractions of these substances are bound to the primary settled sludge, which is separated from raw sewage in settlement tanks before the settled, or supernatant, sewage is treated aerobically.
Ogljik v referenčni snovi Cc,v (mg/l):
The sludge, containing some of the soluble substances in the interstitial liquid, is then passed to heated digesters for anaerobic treatment.
ref. – slepi
As yet there are no tests in this series for assessing anaerobic biodegradability in anaerobic digesters and this test is targeted to fill this gap;
skupaj
it is not necessarily applicable to other anoxic environmental compartments.
prostor v zaprti posodi nad fazno mejo plin-kapljevina C [8](mg)
Respirometric techniques that measure the amounts of gas produced, mainly methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), under anaerobic conditions have been used successfully for assessing anaerobic biodegradability.
Biološka razgradnja [9](%)
Birch et al (3) reviewed these procedures and concluded that the work of Shelton and Tiedje (4), based on earlier studies (5)(6)(7), was the most comprehensive.
ref. – sredina
The method (4), which was further developed by others (8) and has become the American standards (9)(10), did not resolve problems related to the differing solubilities of CO2 and CH4 in the test medium and to the calculation of the theoretical gas production of a test substance.
inhib. – sredina
The ECETOC report (3) recommended the additional measurement of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) content of the supernatant liquid, which made the technique more widely applicable.
ref. – inhib.
The ECETOC method was subjected to an international calibration exercise (or ring test) and became the ISO Standard, ISO 11734 (11).
tekočina C [10](mg)
This test method, which is based on ISO 11734 (11), describes a screening method for the evaluation of potential anaerobic biodegradability of organic substances under a specific condition (i.e. in an anaerobic digester at a given time and range of concentration of micro-organisms).
skupaj C [11](mg)
Because a diluted sludge is used with a relatively high concentration of test substance and the duration of the test typically is longer than the retention time in anaerobic digesters, the conditions of the test do not necessarily correspond to the conditions in anaerobic digesters, nor is it applicable for the assessment of anaerobic biodegradability of organic substances under different environmental conditions.
biološka razgradnja [12](%)
Sludge is exposed to the test substance for up to 60 days, which is longer than the normal sludge retention time (25 to 30 days) in anaerobic digesters, though at industrial sites retention times may be much longer.
Ogljik v preskusni posodi, mv (mg):