natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The crucibles and other parts of this system that come into contact with molten uranium, molten uranium alloys or uranium metal vapour are made of or protected by materials of suitable corrosion and heat resistance.
Sestavni deli ali naprave, posebej izdelani ali pripravljeni za zbiranje obogatenega ali osiromašenega uranovega materiala po osvetlitvi z lasersko svetlobo.
Suitable materials may include tantalum, yttria-coated graphite, graphite coated with other rare earth oxides (see INFCIRC/254/Part 2 — (as amended)) or mixtures thereof.
V enem primeru laserskega ločevanja izotopov v molekularni pari zbiralniki obogatenega urana služijo zbiranju uranovega pentafluorida (UF5) v trdnem agregatnem stanju.
Uranium metal “product” and “tails” collector assemblies (atomic vapour based methods)
Zbiralnike obogatenega urana lahko sestavljajo zbiralniki iz filtra, udarnega ali ciklonskega zbiralnika ali iz njihovih kombinacij in so odporni proti koroziji z UF5/UF6.
Especially designed or prepared “product” and “tails” collector assemblies for uranium metal in liquid or solid form.
Kompresorji za mešanico UF6 in nosilnega plina (metode na podlagi molekularne pare)
Components for these assemblies are made of or protected by materials resistant to the heat and corrosion of uranium metal vapour or liquid (such as yttria-coated graphite or tantalum) and may include pipes, valves, fittings, “gutters”, feed-throughs, heat exchangers and collector plates for magnetic, electrostatic or other separation methods.
Posebej konstruirani ali izdelani kompresorji za mešanico UF6 in nosilnega plina za dolgotrajno obratovanje v okolju z UF6.
Separator module housings (atomic vapour based methods)
Sestavni deli teh kompresorjev, ki prihajajo v stik s procesnim plinom, so izdelani iz materiala, ki je odporen proti koroziji z UF6, ali zaščiteni z njim.
Especially designed or prepared cylindrical or rectangular vessels for containing the uranium metal vapour source, the electron beam gun, and the “product” and “tails” collectors.
Tesnila gredi (metode na podlagi molekularne pare)
These housings have multiplicity of ports for electrical and water feed-throughs, laser beam windows, vacuum pump connections and instrumentation diagnostics and monitoring.
Posebej konstruirana in izdelana tesnila z dovodnim in odvodnim priključkom za tesnilno sredstvo, ki tesnijo gred rotorja kompresorja, povezano s pogonskim motorjem, tako da preprečujejo puščanje procesnega plina ali vdiranje zraka ali tesnilnega plina v notranjo komoro kompresorja, ki je napolnjena z mešanico UF6 in nosilnega plina.
They have provisions for opening and closure to allow refurbishment of internal components.
Sistemi za fluoriranje (metode na podlagi molekularne pare)
Supersonic expansion nozzles (molecular based methods)
Posebej konstruirani ali izdelani sistemi za fluoriranje trdnega UF5 v plinasti UF6.
Especially designed or prepared supersonic expansion nozzles for cooling mixtures of UF6 and carrier gas to 150 K (– 123 °C) or less and which are corrosion resistant to UF6.
Ti sistemi so konstruirani za fluoriranje zbranega praškastega UF5 v UF6 za naknadno zbiranje v vsebnike za obogateni uran ali dovajanje za dodatno obogatitev.
“Product” or “tails” collectors (molecular based methods)
Po prvi metodi lahko reakcija fluoriranja poteka v sistemu za ločevanje izotopov, kjer pride do reakcije in se obogateni uran pridobi neposredno po izstopu iz zbiralnikov.
Especially designed or prepared components or devices for collecting uranium product material or uranium tails material following illumination with laser light.
Po drugi metodi pa se lahko praškasti UF5 odstrani in vodi iz zbiralnika obogatenega urana v primerno reakcijsko posodo (npr. reaktor s fluidiziranim slojem, vijačni reaktor ali plamenski stolp) za fluoriranje.
In one example of molecular laser isotope separation, the product collectors serve to collect enriched uranium pentafluoride (UF5) solid material.
Po obeh metodah se uporablja oprema za shranjevanje in prenos fluora (ali kakega drugega primernega sredstva za fluoriranje) ter za zbiranje in prenos UF6.
The product collectors may consist of filter, impact, or cyclone-type collectors, or combinations thereof, and must be corrosion resistant to the UF5/UF6 environment.
masni spektrometri/ionski izvori (metode na podlagi molekularne pare)
/carrier gas compressors (molecular based methods)
Napajalni sistemi/sistemi za odvajanje obogatenega in osiromašenega UF6 (metode na podlagi molekularne pare)
Especially designed or prepared compressors for UF6/carrier gas mixtures, designed for long term operation in a UF6 environment.
Sistemi za ločevanje UF6 od nosilnega plina (metode na podlagi molekularne pare)
The components of these compressors that come into contact with process gas are made of or protected by materials resistant to corrosion by UF6.
Posebej konstruirani ali izdelani procesni sistemi za ločevanje UF6 od nosilnega plina.
Rotary shaft seals (molecular based methods)
kriogeni toplotni izmenjevalniki ali kriogeni ločevalniki za temperature 153 K (– 120 °C) ali manj; ali
Especially designed or prepared rotary shaft seals, with seal feed and seal exhaust connections, for sealing the shaft connecting the compressor rotor with the driver motor so as to ensure a reliable seal against out-leakage of process gas or in-leakage of air or seal gas into the inner chamber of the compressor which is filled with a UF6/carrier gas mixture.
Nosilni plin je lahko dušik, argon ali drug plin.
Fluorination systems (molecular based methods)
Laserski sistemi
Especially designed or prepared systems for fluorinating UF5 (solid) to UF6 (gas).
Posebej konstruirani ali izdelani laserji ali laserski sistemi za ločevanje uranovih izotopov.
These systems are designed to fluorinate the collected UF5 powder to UF6 for subsequent collection in product containers or for transfer as feed for additional enrichment.
Laserji in laserski sestavni deli, pomembni za postopek laserske obogatitve, vključujejo tiste iz spremenjenega 2. dela INFCIRC/254.
In one approach, the fluorination reaction may be accomplished within the isotope separation system to react and recover directly off the “product” collectors.
Laserski sistem je običajno sestavljen iz optičnih in elektronskih sestavnih delov za upravljanje laserskega žarka oz. žarkov ter prenos v komoro za ločevanje izotopov.
In another approach, the UF5 powder may be removed/transferred from the “product” collectors into a suitable reaction vessel (e.g., fluidized-bed reactor, screw reactor or flame tower) for fluorination.
Laserski sistem za metode na podlagi atomske pare je običajno sestavljen iz nastavljivega laserja z barvilom, ki ga napaja drug tip laserja (npr. laser z bakrovo paro ali določeni laserji v trdnem stanju).
In both approaches, equipment for storage and transfer of fluorine (or other suitable fluorinating agents) and for collection and transfer of UF6 are used.
Laserski sistem za metode na podlagi molekularne pare je lahko sestavljen iz CO2 laserja ali laserja s plinskimi molekulami, obstojnimi samo v vzbujenem stanju (excimer), in optičnih celic za večkratni prehod.
mass spectrometers/ion sources (molecular based methods)
Pri laserjih ali laserskih sistemih je za obe metodi potrebna stabilizacija frekvenčnega spektra, ki omogoča delovanje v daljšem časovnem obdobju.
Feed systems/product and tails withdrawal systems (molecular based methods)
Posebej konstruirani ali izdelani sistemi, oprema in sestavni deli za uporabo v obratih za obogatitev s plazemskim ločevanjem
/carrier gas separation systems (molecular based methods)
Pri postopku ločevanja s plazmo gre plazma uranovih ionov skozi električno polje, uglašeno na resonančno frekvenco 235U ionov, tako da selektivno absorbirajo energijo in povečujejo premer svojih spiralno oblikovanih orbit.
Especially designed or prepared process systems for separating UF6 from carrier gas.
Ioni na tirnicah velikega premera se prestrežejo in izkoristijo za pridobivanje materiala, obogatenega z 235U.
Cryogenic heat exchangers or cryoseparators capable of temperatures of 153 K (– 120 °C) or less, or
Plazma, ki nastane z ionizacijo uranove pare, se zadrži v vakuumski komori z magnetnim poljem visoke jakosti, ki ga ustvarja superprevodni magnet.
The carrier gas may be nitrogen, argon, or other gas.
Glavni tehnološki sistemi postopka so sistem za ustvarjanje uranove plazme, ločevalni modul s superprevodnim magnetom (glej spremenjeni 2. del INFCIRC/254) in sistemi za odstranjevanje kovine, nameščeni za zbiranje obogatenega in osiromašenega urana.
Laser systems
Izvori mikrovalov in antene
Lasers or laser systems especially designed or prepared for the separation of uranium isotopes.
Posebej konstruirani ali izdelani generatorji mikrovalov in antene za ustvarjanje ali pospeševanje ionov z naslednjimi značilnostmi: s frekvenco nad 30 GHz in s srednjo izhodno močjo za proizvodnjo ionov nad 50 kW.
The lasers and laser components of importance in laser-based enrichment processes include those identified in INFCIRC/254/Part 2 — (as amended).
Tuljave za vzbujanje ionov
The laser system typically contains both optical and electronic components for the management of the laser beam (or beams) and the transmission to the isotope separation chamber.
Posebej konstruirane ali izdelane radiofrekvenčne tuljave za vzbujanje ionov pri frekvencah nad 100 kHz, ki delujejo pri srednji moči nad 40 kW.
The laser system for atomic vapour based methods usually consists of tunable dye lasers pumped by another type of laser (e.g., copper vapour lasers or certain solid-state lasers).
Sistemi za generiranje uranove plazme
The laser system for molecular based methods may consist of CO2 lasers or excimer lasers and a multi-pass optical cell.
Posebej konstruirani ali izdelani sistemi za generiranje uranove plazme za uporabo v obratih za obogatitev s plazemskim ločevanjem.
Lasers or laser systems for both methods require spectrum frequency stabilization for operation over extended periods of time.
[nič več v uporabi – od 14. junija 2013]
Especially designed or prepared systems, equipment and components for use in plasma separation enrichment plants.
Sistem za zbiranje obogatenega in osiromašenega kovinskega urana
In the plasma separation process, a plasma of uranium ions passes through an electric field tuned to the 235U ion resonance frequency so that they preferentially absorb energy and increase the diameter of their corkscrew-like orbits.
Posebej konstruirani ali izdelani zbiralniki za zbiranje obogatenega in osiromašenega kovinskega urana v trdni obliki.
Ions with a large- diameter path are trapped to produce a product enriched in 235U.
Izdelani so iz materiala, odpornega proti visokim temperaturam in koroziji s parami kovinskega urana, kot je grafit s prevleko iz itrija ali tantal, ali zaščiteni z njim.
The plasma, which is made by ionizing uranium vapour, is contained in a vacuum chamber with a high- strength magnetic field produced by a superconducting magnet.
Ohišja ločevalnika
The main technological systems of the process include the uranium plasma generation system, the separator module with superconducting magnet (see INFCIRC/254/Part 2 — (as amended)), and metal removal systems for the collection of “product” and “tails”.
Posebej konstruirane ali izdelane valjaste posode za uporabo v obratih za obogatitev urana s plazemskim ločevanjem, v katere se namestijo izvor uranove plazme, radiofrekvenčna tuljava ter zbiralniki obogatenega in osiromašenega urana.
Microwave power sources and antennae
Ta ohišja imajo več vhodov za napajanje z elektriko, priključke za difuzijsko črpalko ter opremo za diagnostiko in nadzor.
Especially designed or prepared microwave power sources and antennae for producing or accelerating ions and having the following characteristics: greater than 30 GHz frequency and greater than 50 kW mean power output for ion production.
Lahko se odpirajo in zapirajo, kar omogoča zamenjave notranjih sestavnih delov, ter so izdelana iz primernega nemagnetnega materiala, kot je nerjavno jeklo.
Ion excitation coils
Posebej konstruirani ali izdelani sistemi, oprema in sestavni deli za uporabo v obratih za elektromagnetno obogatitev
Especially designed or prepared radio frequency ion excitation coils for frequencies of more than 100 kHz and capable of handling more than 40 kW mean power.
Pri elektromagnetnem postopku se ioni kovinskega urana, ki nastanejo z ionizacijo soli dovajanega materiala (običajno UCl4), pospešijo in vodijo skozi magnetno polje, ki povzroči, da gredo ioni različnih izotopov po različnih poteh.
Uranium plasma generation systems
Glavni sestavni deli elektromagnetnega ločevalnika izotopov so: magnetno polje za odklanjanje/ločevanje izotopov v ionskem curku, ionski vir s pospeševalnim sistemom in zbiralni sistem za ločene ione.
Especially designed or prepared systems for the generation of uranium plasma for use in plasma separation plants.
Pomožni sistemi za ta postopek so: napajalni sistem za magnet, visokonapetostni napajalni sistem za ionski vir, vakuumski sistem in obsežni kemični sistemi za ravnanje s proizvodom ter čiščenje in recikliranje sestavnih delov.
[No longer used — since 14 June 2013]
Elektromagnetni ločevalniki izotopov
Uranium metal “product” and “tails” collector assemblies
Posebej konstruirani ali izdelani elektromagnetni ločevalniki izotopov, oprema in sestavni deli za ločevanje uranovih izotopov, ki obsegajo:
Especially designed or prepared “product” and “tails” collector assemblies for uranium metal in solid form.
ionske izvore
These collector assemblies are made of or protected by materials resistant to the heat and corrosion of uranium metal vapor, such as yttria-coated graphite or tantalum.
Posebej konstruirani ali izdelani enojni ali večkratni izvori uranovih ionov, ki so sestavljeni iz izvora uranove pare, ionizatorja in pospeševalnika ionskega curka, izdelani pa so iz primernega materiala, kot je grafit, nerjavno jeklo ali baker, ter so sposobni zagotavljati ionski curek s skupno jakostjo najmanj 50 mA;
Separator module housings
zbiralnike ionov
Cylindrical vessels especially designed or prepared for use in plasma separation enrichment plants for containing the uranium plasma source, radio-frequency drive coil and the “product” and “tails” collectors.
Posebej konstruirane ali izdelane zbiralne plošče z dvema ali več zarezami in žepi za zbiranje ionskih curkov obogatenega in osiromašenega urana, ki so izdelane iz primernega materiala, kot je grafit ali nerjavno jeklo;
These housings have a multiplicity of ports for electrical feed-throughs, diffusion pump connections and instrumentation diagnostics and monitoring.
vakuumska ohišja
They have provisions for opening and closure to allow for refurbishment of internal components and are constructed of a suitable non-magnetic material such as stainless steel.
Posebej konstruirana ali izdelana vakuumska ohišja za vgradnjo elektromagnetnih ločevalnikov urana, izdelana iz primernega nemagnetnega materiala, kot je nerjavno jeklo, in konstruirana za obratovanje pri tlaku 0,1 Pa ali manj.
Especially designed or prepared systems, equipment and components for use in electromagnetic enrichment plants.
Ohišja so posebej konstruirana za vgradnjo ionskih virov, zbiralnih plošč in vložkov za vhodno hlajenje s priključki za difuzijsko črpalko, z odprtino in pokrovom za odstranjevanje in ponovno vgradnjo teh sestavnih delov;
In the electromagnetic process, uranium metal ions produced by ionization of a salt feed material (typically UCl4) are accelerated and passed through a magnetic field that has the effect of causing the ions of different isotopes to follow different paths.
magnetne pole
The major components of an electromagnetic isotope separator include: a magnetic field for ion-beam diversion/separation of the isotopes, an ion source with its acceleration system, and a collection system for the separated ions.
Posebej konstruirani ali izdelani magnetni poli s premerom nad 2 m za vzdrževanje stalnega magnetnega polja znotraj elektromagnetnega ločevalnika izotopov in za prenos magnetnega polja med sosednjimi ločevalniki.
Auxiliary systems for the process include the magnet power supply system, the ion source high-voltage power supply system, the vacuum system, and extensive chemical handling systems for recovery of product and cleaning/recycling of components.
Viri visoke napetosti
Electromagnetic isotope separators
Posebej konstruirani ali izdelani viri visoke napetosti za ionske izvore z vsemi naslednjimi značilnostmi: sposobnostjo neprekinjenega delovanja, izhodne napetosti najmanj 20000 V, jakosti izhodnega toka najmanj 1 A in regulacije napetosti, boljše kot 0,01 % v časovnem obdobju osmih ur.
Electromagnetic isotope separators especially designed or prepared for the separation of uranium isotopes, and equipment and components therefor, including:
Viri energije za magnete
Ion sources
Posebej konstruirani ali izdelani viri enosmernega toka za elektromagnete z vsemi naslednjimi značilnostmi: sposobnostjo neprekinjenega proizvajanja izhodnega toka z jakostjo najmanj 500 A pri napetostih najmanj 100 V in regulacije napetosti ali toka, boljše kot 0,01 % v časovnem obdobju osmih ur.
Especially designed or prepared single or multiple uranium ion sources consisting of a vapour source, ionizer, and beam accelerator, constructed of suitable materials such as graphite, stainless steel, or copper, and capable of providing a total ion beam current of 50 mA or greater.
Obrati za pridobivanje ali koncentriranje težke vode, devterija iz devterijevih spojin ter oprema, posebej konstruirana ali izdelana v ta namen
Ion collectors
Težka voda se lahko pridobiva z več različnimi postopki.
Collector plates consisting of two or more slits and pockets especially designed or prepared for collection of enriched and depleted uranium ion beams and constructed of suitable materials such as graphite or stainless steel.
Vendar pa sta se za komercialno uspešna izkazala izmenjevalni postopek voda–vodikov sulfid (postopek GS) in izmenjevalni postopek amoniak–vodik.
Vacuum housings
Postopek GS temelji na izmenjavi vodika in devterija med vodo in vodikovim sulfidom znotraj zaporednih stolpov, ki delujejo tako, da je njihov zgornji del hladen in spodnji del vroč.
Especially designed or prepared vacuum housings for uranium electromagnetic separators, constructed of suitable non-magnetic materials such as stainless steel and designed for operation at pressures of 0.1 Pa or lower.
Voda teče po stolpih navzdol, plinasti vodikov sulfid pa kroži od dna proti vrhu stolpov.
The housings are specially designed to contain the ion sources, collector plates and water-cooled liners and have provision for diffusion pump connections and opening and closure for removal and reinstallation of these components.
Niz perforiranih plošč pospešuje medsebojno mešanje plina in vode.
Magnet pole pieces
Devterij pri nizkih temperaturah prehaja v vodo, pri visokih pa v vodikov sulfid.
Especially designed or prepared magnet pole pieces having a diameter greater than 2 m used to maintain a constant magnetic field within an electromagnetic isotope separator and to transfer the magnetic field between adjoining separators.
Plin ali voda, obogatena z devterijem, se odvzema iz stolpov prve stopnje na stiku vročih in hladnih delov, postopek pa se potem ponavlja v stolpih nadaljnjih stopenj.
High voltage power supplies
Proizvod zadnje stopnje, tj. voda, do 30 % obogatena z devterijem, se pošlje v destilacijsko enoto, v kateri se pridobi težka voda reaktorske kakovosti; tj. 99,75 % devterijev oksid.
Especially designed or prepared high-voltage power supplies for ion sources, having all of the following characteristics: capable of continuous operation, output voltage of 20000 V or greater, output current of 1 A or greater, and voltage regulation of better than 0.01 % over a time period of 8 hours.
Izmenjevalni postopek amoniak–vodik lahko izloči devterij iz sinteznega plina ob stiku s tekočim amoniakom ob prisotnosti katalizatorja.
Magnet power supplies
Sintezni plin se dovaja v izmenjevalne stolpe in v pretvornik amoniaka.
Especially designed or prepared high-power, direct current magnet power supplies having all of the following characteristics: capable of continuously producing a current output of 500 A or greater at a voltage of 100 V or greater and with a current or voltage regulation better than 0.01 % over a period of 8 hours.
V notranjosti stolpov teče plin od dna proti vrhu, tekoči amoniak pa teče od vrha proti dnu.
Plants for the production or concentration of heavy water, deuterium and deuterium compounds and equipment especially designed or prepared therefor
Devterij se v sinteznem plinu izloči iz vodika in se koncentrira v amoniaku.
Heavy water can be produced by a variety of processes.
Amoniak potem teče v razgrajevalnik amoniaka na dnu stolpa, plin pa teče v pretvornik amoniaka na vrhu.
However, the two processes that have proven to be commercially viable are the water-hydrogen sulphide exchange process (GS process) and the ammonia-hydrogen exchange process.
Nadaljnja obogatitev poteka v nadaljnjih stopnjah, težka voda reaktorske kakovosti pa se pridobi s končno destilacijo.
The GS process is based upon the exchange of hydrogen and deuterium between water and hydrogen sulphide within a series of towers which are operated with the top section cold and the bottom section hot.
Sintezni plin se lahko dovaja iz obrata za pridobivanje amoniaka, tega pa je mogoče zgraditi v sklopu obrata za težko vodo po izmenjevalnem postopku amoniak–vodik.
Water flows down the towers while the hydrogen sulphide gas circulates from the bottom to the top of the towers.
Za izmenjevalni postopek amoniak–vodik se kot vir devterija lahko uporabi tudi navadna voda.
A series of perforated trays are used to promote mixing between the gas and the water.
Veliko ključne opreme obratov za pridobivanje težke vode z izmenjevalnim postopkom GS ali pa izmenjevalnim postopkom amoniak–vodik je skupne več segmentom kemične in naftne industrije.
Deuterium migrates to the water at low temperatures and to the hydrogen sulphide at high temperatures.
To še posebej velja za majhne obrate, v katerih se uporablja postopek GS.
Gas or water, enriched in deuterium, is removed from the first stage towers at the junction of the hot and cold sections and the process is repeated in subsequent stage towers.
Le malo tega blaga je na voljo v ‚redni prodaji‘.
The product of the last stage, water enriched up to 30 % in deuterium, is sent to a distillation unit to produce reactor grade heavy water; i.e. 99.75 % deuterium oxide.
Postopek GS in postopek amoniak–vodik zahtevata ravnanje z večjimi količinami vnetljivih, korozivnih in strupenih tekočin pri visokem tlaku.
The ammonia-hydrogen exchange process can extract deuterium from synthesis gas through contact with liquid ammonia in the presence of a catalyst.
V skladu s tem je treba pri izdelavi načrtovalnih in obratovalnih standardov za obrate in opremo, namenjenih tem postopkom, posvetiti veliko pozornost izbiri materialov in specifikacijam, da se tako zagotovi dolga življenjska doba z visoko varnostjo in zanesljivostjo.
The synthesis gas is fed into exchange towers and to an ammonia converter.
Izbira je predvsem odvisna od gospodarskih dejavnikov in potreb.
Inside the towers the gas flows from the bottom to the top while the liquid ammonia flows from the top to the bottom.
Večina te opreme se zato izdela v skladu z zahtevami kupca.
The deuterium is stripped from the hydrogen in the synthesis gas and concentrated in the ammonia.
Treba je tudi pripomniti, da je mogoče tako v postopku GS kakor tudi v izmenjevalnem postopku amoniak–vodik predmete v sklopu te opreme, ki vsak zase sicer ni posebej konstruiran ali izdelan za pridobivanje težke vode, povezati v sisteme, ki so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani za pridobivanje težke vode.
The ammonia then flows into an ammonia cracker at the bottom of the tower while the gas flows into an ammonia converter at the top.
Primeri takšnih sistemov so katalitski sistem proizvodnje, ki se uporablja v izmenjevalnem postopku amoniak–vodik, in sistemi za destilacijo vode, ki se pri obeh postopkih uporabljajo za končno koncentriranje težke vode do reaktorske kakovosti.