natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
In conformity with paragraph 40 of the RAG 2007-13, AHM is obliged to maintain the investment in the region for a minimum of five years after completion of the project.
Zato bi morala biti za odločitev o tem, ali je treba izvesti podrobno oceno združljivosti ukrepa pomoči, opredelitev proizvodnega trga čim ožja, ob upoštevanju posebnih značilnosti avtomobilov za proizvodnjo.
The beneficiary provides, in conformity with paragraph 39 of the RAG 2007-13, a financial contribution of at least 25 % of the eligible costs in a form which is free of any public support.
Praksa uporabe najožje opredelitve trga na osnovi posameznih segmentov v avtomobilski industriji je dobro utemeljena v primerljivih odločitvah, vključno s končnimi sklepi [44].
The formal requirements in respect of the incentive effect, laid down in paragraph 38 of the RAG 2007-13, are respected.
Ta praksa je utemeljena z gospodarskimi vidiki, povezanimi s konkurenco, saj je osnovana na stališču, da si konkurenti v vseh tržnih segmentih, vključno z najmanjšim možnim segmentom, zaslužijo zaščito pred prevladujočimi tržnimi akterji.
The costs eligible for investment aid (see Table II above) are defined in line with the RAG 2007-13, and the rules on cumulation are respected.
Natančneje, ta pristop temelji na teoriji, da zamenljivost v okviru ponudbe in povpraševanja med dvema proizvodoma obstaja, če ju potrošniki obravnavajo kot zamenljiva glede na njune značilnosti, ceno in namensko uporabo.
Earlier investments fall outside the 3-year period defining a single investment project.
V praksi preučevanja tržnih deležev, tudi v najmanjšem avtomobilskem segmentu, za katerega so na voljo informacije, Komisija sledi ravno tej logiki: namreč meni, da je zamenljivost v smislu cene, značilnosti in namenske uporabe najmočnejša med proizvodi istega segmenta.
The planned total eligible expenditure in present value for the project is HUF 355550 million (EUR 1186 million) discounted to the date of notification.
V tem okviru uporaba najožjega možnega tržnega segmenta kot verjetnega trga odraža logiko točke 28 Smernic o presoji horizontalnih združitev [45], ki navajajo, da „se proizvodi na upoštevnem trgu lahko razlikujejo tako, da so nekateri proizvodi bližji substituti kot drugi.
According to the scaling down mechanism laid down in point 67 of the RAG 2007-13, this leads to a maximum allowable aid intensity of 11,24 % GGE (Gross Grant Equivalent) for the project.
Višja kot je stopnja zamenljivosti med proizvodi podjetij, ki se združujejo, večja je verjetnost, da bodo podjetja, ki se združujejo, bistveno povišala cene. […] Za podjetja, ki se združujejo, je večja verjetnost, da bo spodbuda za dvig cen omejena, kadar konkurenčna podjetja proizvajajo bližnje substitute proizvodov podjetij, ki se združujejo, kot takrat, ko ponujajo manj podobne substitute […].“
Since the intensity of the proposed aid (HUF 39952 million; EUR 133,3 million in present value; 11,24 % aid intensity) does not exceed the maximum allowable aid intensity, the proposed aid intensity for the project complies with the RAG 2007-13.
To je tudi razlog, zakaj so običajni avtomobili že tradicionalno razdeljeni v segmente in zakaj avtomobilska industrija modele razvršča v različne dobro poznane segmente.
Hungary confirmed that no other aid than the notified aid will be granted to support the investment project.
To je vidik, ki je vodil prakso Komisije pri določanju upoštevnega trga v primerih iz avtomobilskega sektorja tudi v smislu posameznih segmentov in to je razlog, da je Madžarska predstavila argumente o upoštevnem trgu v tem kot tudi v drugih primerih v preteklosti v okvirih segmentov.
In view of these considerations, the Commission considers that the standard compatibility criteria of the RAG are met.
Madžarska ni podala dodatnih argumentov, ki bi temu stališču nasprotovali.
APPLICATION OF THE TESTS LAID DOWN IN THE PROVISIONS OF PARAGRAPH 68 OF THE RAG 2007-13
Poleg tega Komisija v času uradne preiskave ni prejela informacij od tretjih strani, ki bi omogočale boljše razumevanje segmentacije trga.
The Commission stated in recital 105 of the opening decision that if the comments received in reply to the opening of the formal investigation do not allow the Commission to conclude without any doubt that the thresholds laid down in the paragraph 68(a) and (b) tests are not exceeded, the Commission will carry out an in-depth assessment of the investment project on the basis of the IDAC.
Komisija zato vztraja pri svojem pristopu, da natančno opredelitev upoštevnega proizvodnega trga pusti odprto in uporabi pristop verjetnih alternativnih opredelitev trga, ki določajo posamezne avtomobilske segmente (vključno z najožjo segmentacijo, za katero so na voljo podatki).
The Commission has to assess whether the comments received allow this conclusion.
Zato Komisija tudi nadalje meni, da se morajo kot upoštevni možni proizvodni trgi v tem primeru obravnavati posamezni segmenti A0, A in B kot tudi združeni segment A0 do B in A do B [46].
PRODUCT CONCERNED
GEOGRAFSKI TRG
In paragraph 65 of its opening decision the Commission considered that for the purposes of paragraph 68 of the RAG 2007-13, the products concerned by the investment project are passenger cars belonging to the market segments A0, A, and B in accordance with the segmentation by POLK.
Kad zadeva geografski trg Komisija vztraja pri svoji prvotni oceni iz odločitve o sprožitvi postopka (glej uvodno izjavo 87 odločitve o sprožitvi postopka), da je upoštevni trg EGP ali širši trg; Komisija ne more izključiti dejstva, da je geografski trg omejen na trg EGP.
RELEVANT PRODUCT MARKET
Komisija ugotavlja, da Madžarska vztraja pri argumentih, podanih že v predhodnem pregledu, toda v teku uradne preiskave ni predložila nadaljnjih informacij (glej uvodno izjavo 47 tega sklepa).
In recital 80 of the opening decision the Commission left the precise definition of the relevant product market open and considered all plausible alternative market definitions, including in particular the narrowest segmentation for which data is available.
Komisija ugotavlja, da ti argumenti ne razorožijo skrbi, da bi se geografski trg lahko omejil na trg EGP.
Since AHM will produce cars as well as body parts for cars belonging to A and B segments, and since it could produce, theoretically, for cars belonging to segment A0, the Commission considered that these individual segments, as well as the combined segment A0 to B and A to B should all be considered as relevant plausible product markets for this case.
Komisija ugotavlja zlasti naslednje:
In its comments to the opening decision (as described in recitals 44 to 46 of this decision), Hungary maintained its position already reflected in the opening decision, without adding any comments or information not yet presented in the preliminary examination phase.
Globalna konkurenca
In particular, Hungary maintained its view that the relevant product market should be defined as a combined segment group of the vehicles belonging to the A0, A, and B segments and that the geographic market should be defined as including at least the combined market of all Europe, North and South America, and China (and not only the EEA market).
Dejstvo, da so večji proizvajalci avtomobilov mednarodno aktivni in imajo vlogo v globalni konkurenci, ni zadosten dokaz, da so posamezni trgi integrirani in tvorijo enoten svetovni trg (ali združen trg celotne Evrope, Severne in Južne Amerike ter Kitajske).
As to the product market, the Commission considers the following: the decision to carry out an in-depth assessment does not prejudge the outcome of the resulting in-depth compatibility assessment.
Enako velja za argument, da ima deset največjih proizvajalcev originalne opreme proizvodne obrate in distribucijske sisteme vzpostavljene po vsem svetu.
However, before approving the aid, the Commission has to be satisfied that the positive contribution resulting from the aid measure will compensate in any event its negative effects on trade and competition.
Pravzaprav Komisija meni, da bi lahko bila nestabilnost menjalnega tečaja tisti dejavnik, ki je proizvajalce originalne opreme privedel do postavitve proizvodnih obratov bliže regionalnemu povpraševanju; in enako lahko velja za politike o učinkovitega varstva (visoke tarife za uvoze končnih proizvajalcev, nizke tarife za polizdelke, kar je spodbuda za lokalno proizvodnjo/sestavo).
Therefore, for the purpose of deciding on whether an in-depth assessment on the compatibility of an aid measure is to be carried out or not, the product market definition should be as narrow as possible, taking account of the specific characteristics of the cars to be manufactured.
Tretji argument za obstoj globalnih proizvodnih struktur je kljub neintegriranim trgom dejstvo, da določene države dovoljujejo uvažanje samo, če se vzporedno oblikujejo skupna podjetja za lokalno prozvodnjo.
The practice of using the narrowest market definition based on individual segments in the car industry is well founded in comparable decisions, including final decisions [44].
Globalna prisotnost glavnih akterjev kot proizvajalcev zato sama po sebi ni znak obstoja globalnega trga (ali trga, širšega od EGP).
This case practice is founded in competition relevant economic considerations as it is based on the view that competitors in all market segments, including the smallest possible segment, deserve protection from players with market dominance.
Podobno, obstoj distribucijskih sistemov, ki se raztezajo po celem svetu ni dokaz, da je trg iz vidika konkurence globalen (ali širši od EGP).
More specifically, this approach is based on the theory that demand side substitutability between two products exists if they are considered to be substitutes by consumers in view of their characteristics, price and intended use.
Dejstvo, da namerava skupina AUDI AG/VW na svetovni trg poslati tri ali štiri modele avtomobilov in na svetovni trg z izjemo Kitajske poslati modele A3 sedan iz samo enega obrata, tudi ne zadostuje, da bi se podprl zaključek, da je geografski trg širši od EGP.
Through its practice of examining market shares also in the smallest possible car market segment for which information is available, the Commission follows exactly this logic: i.e. it considers that substitutability in view of price, characteristics and intended use is the strongest between products belonging to the same segment.
Trgovinski tokovi
In this sense, the application of the narrowest possible market segment as one plausible market reflects the logic of point 28 of the Horizontal Merger Guidelines [45] which states that ‘Products may be differentiated within a relevant market such that some products are closer substitutes than others.
Argument, da je visoka stopnja trgovinskih tokov, npr. dejstvo, da je približno 13 odstotkov avtomobilov segmenta A in več kot 25 odstotkov avtomobilov segmenta B, proizvedenih v EGP, izvoženih v druge regije sveta, ne zadostuje kot dokaz za obstoj globalnega trga (ali trga, širšega od EGP).
The higher the degree of substitutability between the merging firms' products, the more likely it is that the merging firms will raise prices significantly. […] The merging firms' incentive to raise prices is more likely to be constrained when rival firms produce close substitutes to the products of the merging firms than when they offer less close substitutes (…)’
Komisija meni, da trgovinski tokovi sicer lahko dajo vpogled v stopnjo integracije različnih geografskih regij, saj opazujejo pomen uvoza in izvoza glede na lokalne ravni proizvodnje in potrošnje, vendar obstoj trgovinskih tokov sam po sebi ni zadosten dokaz za sklepanje, da obstaja integriran geografski trg.
This is also why conventional cars are traditionally divided into segments, and why the automotive industry assigns models to the various well known segments.
Dejansko lahko gre za pošiljke med EGP in drugimi regijami, vendar to ne pomeni, da so trgi povezani tako, da tržni pogoji (npr. cene) na enem trgu vplivajo na tržne pogoje na drugem trgu.
This is the consideration that has driven the Commission's practice in defining the relevant market in automotive cases also in terms of the individual segments and this is the reason why Hungary presented the relevant market related arguments in this as well as in other cases in the past in terms of segments.
To velja predvsem tam, kjer s opazovane pošiljke povezane primarno s pošiljkami samih proizvajalcev, v nasprotju z s pošiljkami neodvisnih uvoznikov in izvoznikov, vključenih v cenovno arbitražo.
Hungary did not submit any additional arguments which would contradict this view.
Oblikovanje cen je lahko povsem specifično glede na trg (npr. visoke na enem trgu, nizke na drugem) in ni usklajeno s pogoji za domnevni integriran trg.
In addition, the Commission did not receive any information from third parties during the formal investigation that would allow a better understanding of the segmentation of the market.
Analiza trgovinskih tokov ne obravnava glavnega vprašanja pri opredelitvi trga, namreč, ali bi lahko uvoz oziroma izvoz na lokalnem trgu preprečil povišanje cen.
The Commission therefore maintains its approach to leave open the exact definition of the relevant product market and to apply an approach of plausible alternative market definitions, defining individual car segments (including the narrowest segmentation for which data are available).
Komisija ugotavlja, da Madžarska ni predložila nadaljnjega empiričnega gradivo, ki bi dokazalo obstoj korelacijskih gibanj cen ali odzivnost neto uvoza na spremembe relativnih cen.
Thus, the Commission continues to consider that the individual segments of A0, A and B, as well as the combined segment A0 to B and A to B should all be considered as relevant plausible product markets for this case [46].
Trgovinske ovire
GEOGRAPHIC MARKET
Komisija priznava, da so trgovinske ovire vedno manjšega pomena.
As to the geographic market the Commission maintains its initial assessment in the opening decision (see recital 87 of the opening decision) that the relevant market is the EEA or a larger market; the Commission cannot exclude that the geographic market is limited to the EEA market.
Kljub temu je Komisija prepričana, da so eden od glavnih dejavnikov za čezmorsko proizvodnjo in odločitve o premestitvah s strani evropskih proizvajalcev avtomobilov ovire pri dostopu do trga na ciljnih trgih.
The Commission notes that Hungary maintains the arguments brought forward already in the preliminary examination, but did not submit further elements or information during the formal investigation (see recital 47 of this decision).
Visoke tarifne ovire še vedno resno ovirajo dostop za evropske izvoznike, zlasti v Aziji.
The Commission finds that these arguments are insufficient to diffuse the concern that the geographic market could be limited to the EEA market.
Netarifne ovire, vključno z obremenjujočimi in diskriminatornimi zahtevami po certificiranju, zahtevami po dodatnem preizkušanju, trošarinami itd. imajo velik vpliv na izvoz vozil iz EU na trge jugovzhodne Azije, Kitajske in Južne Amerike.
In particular, the Commission considers the following:
Komisija priznava, da so ZDA daleč najvažnejši cilj za splošni avtomobilski izvoz iz EU.
Global competition
Vendar EU in ZDA ubirata precej različne pristope k ureditvi in nadzoru trga.
The fact that large car producers are internationally active and in global competition is not a sufficient proof that the individual markets are integrated and constitute a single worldwide market (or a combined market of all Europe, North and South America, and China).
Ta regulativna razhajanja so verjetno še danes največja ovira pri dostopu evropskega avtomobilskega izvoza v ZDA.
The same applies to the argument that the ten largest OEMs have manufacturing sites and distribution systems all over the world.
Komisija je ustrezno upoštevala argumente, podane v zvezi z zmanjševanjem prevoznih stroškov.
In fact, the Commission considers that exchange rate instability could be named as one factor that has led OEMs to build production plants closer to regional demand; and the same may hold for policies of effective protection (high tariffs on imports of final producers, low tariffs on intermediate products, giving an incentive for local production/assembly).
V zvezi s tem Komisija ni v celoti prepričana.
A third argument for the existence of globalised production structures, despite not integrated markets, is the fact that certain states allow imports only if joint ventures for local production are created in parallel.
Prihodnjega razvoja v zvezi z zmanjševanjem prevoznih stroškov v trenutnih gospodarskih okoliščinah, ko cene goriva nihajo, ni mogoče z gotovostjo potrditi.
The global presence of major players as manufacturers is therefore not by itself an indication of the existence of a global (or wider than the EEA) market.
Zato omenjeno zmanjšanje stroškov ni samoumevno.
Similarly, the existence of distribution systems that extend across the world does not constitute proof that the market is global (or wider than the EEA) from a competition perspective.
Cenovne korelacije
The fact that AUDI AG/VW Group intends to serve the world market for three of the four car models, and to serve the world market excluding China with the A3 Sedan models from only one site, is also not sufficient to support a conclusion that the geographic market is wider than the EEA.
Madžarski organi so predložili tudi korelacijsko analizo cen avtomobilov v ZDA in povprečno ceno avtomobila za vzorec a v desetih evropskih državah za segmenta A in B v obdobju med prvim kvartalom leta 2005 in drugim kvartalom leta 2010 kot tudi analizo korelacij med tremi pari evropskih držav, in sicer med Nemčijo in Francijo, Nemčijo in Italijo ter Nemčijo in Združenim kraljestvom za isto obdobje.
Trade flows
Ta analiza naj bi pokazala, da je korelacija med cenami v Severni Ameriki in povprečno ceno v desetih izbranih državah EGP primerljiva s korelacijo med cenami avtomobilov v Nemčiji, Franciji, Italiji in Združenem kraljestvu.
Also the argument that a high level of trade flows, e.g. the fact that about 13 % of A segment cars and more than 25 % of B segment cars of the EEA production are exported to other regions of the world, is insufficient to prove the existence of a global (or here wider than the EEA) market.
Sklenili so, da analiza podpira zaključek, da bi se morali Severna Amerika in EGP obravnavati kot enoten geografski trg.
The Commission considers that, whereas trade flows can give insight into the degree of integration of different geographic areas by looking at the importance of imports and exports relative to local production and consumption levels, the existence of trade flows itself is not a sufficient proof to consider that an integrated geographic market exists.
Glede na to, da ni sporno, da so omenjene države v istem geografskem trgu, to a fortiori pomeni, da bi tudi Severna Amerika in EGP morali biti istem geografskem trgu.
In fact, there may be shipments between the EEA and other regions, but that does not mean that markets are integrated in the sense that market conditions (e.g. prices) in one market influence market conditions in the other.
Zgornja analiza korelacije je bila izvedena na osnovi Fisherjevega verižnega indeksa.
This holds in particular where the observed shipments relate primarily to shipments by the manufacturers themselves, as opposed to shipments by independent importers and exporters engaging in price arbitrage.
Podobno kot pri splošnem indeksu rasti cen, je namen Fisherjevega verižnega indeksa oceniti evolucijo cen določene skupine izdelkov v določeni regiji in določenem časovnem obdobju.
Pricing may be entirely market specific (e.g. high in one market, low in another), and not aligned to the conditions to an alleged integrated market.
To omogoči z izračunom normaliziranega tehtanega povprečja cen.
The Commission notes that Hungary did not submit further empirical material that would prove the existence of correlated price movements, or the reactivity of net imports to changes in relative prices.
Obstaja več načinov za izračun indeksa in v ekonomski literaturi je bilo izdelanih več indeksov.
Trade barriers
Fisherjev indeks je izpeljani indeks, ker je (geometrično) povprečje dveh drugih indeksov, ki se imenujeta Paaschejev in Laspeyresov indeks.
The Commission acknowledges that the importance of trade barriers is diminishing over time.
Za ta specifični primer madžarski organi predlagajo tudi različico Fisherjevega indeksa, ki je „verižna“.
Nonetheless, the Commission is convinced that one of the main factors for overseas production, and relocation decisions of EU car manufacturers are market access barriers in the target markets.
To pomeni, da sprememba cene ni relativna glede na obdobje tik pred tem, temveč na referenčno obdobje, izbrano za normalizacijo.
High tariff barriers still seriously hamper access for EU exporters, notably in Asia.
Rezultati, pridobljeni za segment A, so naslednji: korelacija med indeksom cene za Severno Ameriko in indeksom cene za vzorec desetih izbranih držav EGP znaša 0,94.
Non-tariff barriers, including burdensome and discriminatory certification requirements, additional testing requirements excise taxes etc., have a strong impact on EU vehicle exports to the South-East Asian, Chinese, and South American markets.
Ta študija ugotavlja, da je to podobno korelaciji med indeksi cen za Nemčijo in Francijo, Italijo in Združeno kraljestvo, ki sega od 0,9 do 0,95.
The Commission admits that the United States is by far the most important destination for the EU overall car exports.
Prvič, Komisija ne ugovarja uporabi indeksa in zlasti uporabi Fisherjevega verižnega indeksa.
However, the EU and the US have strongly divergent approaches to regulation and market surveillance.
Vendar Komisija izraža dvome o osnovih podatkih, ki so bili uporabljeni za izračun teh indeksov.
Such regulatory divergence is probably even today the most significant access barrier for EU automotive exports to the US.
Pravzaprav ni mogoče izključiti, da dozdevna korelacija ne izhaja iz nekakšnega kompozicijskega učinka zaradi podobnega (skupnega) razvoja vzorcev potrošnje (določanje uteži v indeksu, npr. premik k dražjim modelom v segmentu) namesto razvoja dejanskih cen.
The Commission has further taken due note of the arguments put forward in relation to the decreasing transport costs.
Drugič, Komisija ugotavlja, da je analiza izvedena na ravni enostavnega indeksa, medtem ko bi analiza korelacij tipično morala preučiti obstoj skupne evolucije cen (npr. zaradi skupne evolucije stroškov) z namenom, da ga izključi in prepreči dozdevno korelacijo.
The Commission is not fully convinced in this respect.
To se imenuje delna korelacija.
The future developments with regard to decreasing transport costs cannot be clearly confirmed in the current economic situation where fuel costs are fluctuating.
Ta analiza ni bila izvedena, zato so vse tovrstne vrednosti korelacije lahko lažne.
Therefore, the mentioned future decrease in costs cannot be taken for granted.
Tretjič, vredno je opomniti, da je lahko dozdevno visoka stopnja korelacije (kot v tem primeru) lažna tudi, če so časovni nizi nestacioinarni, tj. ko obstaja časovni trend.
Price correlations
Znano je, da kadar dva časovna niza nista stacionarna, pride do lažne visoke stopnje korelacije.
The Hungarian authorities have also provided a correlation analysis of car prices in the US and an average car price for a sample of ten European countries for the A and B-segments in the period between 2005Q1 and 2010Q2, as well as an analysis of correlations between three pairs of European countries, namely Germany and France, Germany and Italy, and Germany and the United Kingdom in the same period.
Dobre prakse pravijo, da je analiza korelacij relevantna, ko so časovni nizi stacionarni.
This analysis is intended to show that the correlation between prices in North America and the average price of the ten selected EEA countries is comparable to the correlation between car prices of Germany, France, Italy and United Kingdom.
Zato dokazne vrednosti ni mogoče pripisati rezultatom, ki temeljijo na nestacionarnih časovnih nizih.