natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Incentive effect (point 124 of the Guidelines)
Pri uporabi preskusa udeleženca v tržnem gospodarstvu za sporazum med letališčem in letalskim prevoznikom je treba oceniti, ali bi na datum sklenitve sporazuma preudaren udeleženec v tržnem gospodarstvu pričakoval, da bo ta sporazum privedel do večjega dobička, ki bi se sicer dosegel.
As shown above, given the level of traffic and the eligibility criteria of the Scheme, it is most unlikely that the airports covered by the Scheme would be unable to finance their activities by themselves and thus maintain the desired level of activity without the aid.
Ta večji dobiček se meri z razliko med mejnimi prihodki, za katere se pričakuje, da jih bo ustvarila pogodba (tj. razliko med prihodki, ki bi se dosegli, če bi bila pogodba sklenjena, in prihodki, ki bi se dosegli brez pogodbe), in mejnimi stroški, ki bi nastali zaradi pogodbe (tj. razliko med stroški, ki bi nastali, če bi se pogodba sklenila, in stroški, ki bi nastali brez pogodbe), od dobljenih denarnih tokov pa se odšteje ustrezna diskontna mera.
The Scheme therefore has an incentive effect.
Pri ocenjevanju sporazumov med letališčem in letalskim prevoznikom bo Komisija upoštevala tudi, v kakšnem obsegu se lahko ocenjevani sporazumi štejejo za del izvajanja splošne strategije letališča, ki pričakovano vodi k donosnosti, vsaj z dolgoročnega vidika (točka 66 letalskih smernic iz leta 2014).
Proportionality (point 125 of the Guidelines)
V tej proučitvi je treba upoštevati vse ustrezne mejne prihodke in stroške, povezane s transakcijo.
The aid was limited to the minimum necessary since it never exceeded the operating funding gap (and on average rarely exceeded 75 % thereof).
Kot je navedeno v sodbi Charleroi, „je pri uporabi načela zasebnega vlagatelja gospodarski posel treba presojati kot celoto, da bi preverili, ali sta državni subjekt in od njega odvisni subjekt, gledano skupaj, ravnala kot razumna udeleženca v tržnem gospodarstvu.
Avoidance of undue distortions of competition (points 131 of the Guidelines)
Komisija je namreč pri presoji spornih ukrepov dolžna upoštevati vse upoštevne dejavnike in njihov kontekst […]“.
The airports covered by Measure 3 are typically small or very small, and spread out over the country and have large catchment areas by continental European standards.
Pričakovani mejni prihodki morajo vključevati zlasti prihodke od letaliških pristojbin ob upoštevanju popustov ter dodatnega prometa, za katerega se pričakuje, da ga bo ustvaril sporazum, in prihodkov, ki niso povezani z letalstvom in za katere se pričakuje, da jih bo ustvaril dodatni promet.
As shown above, the principles of the Scheme have excluded airports located close to the country's largest airports (Arlanda in Stockholm, Landvetter in Göteborg and Skurup close to Malmö), thereby reducing potential overlaps.
Pričakovani mejni stroški morajo vključevati zlasti vse mejne stroške poslovanja in naložb, ki ne bi nastali brez sporazuma, pa tudi stroške nepovratnih sredstev za trženje in drugih finančnih spodbud.
Although in a few cases some airports covered by the Scheme may be located closer than the indicative distance criteria mentioned in point 136, the Commission recalls that these airports are very small and therefore that the distortion of competition is likely to be very limited.
Komisija v tem okviru ugotavlja tudi, da so cenovne razlike (vključno s tržno podporo in drugimi spodbudami) standardna poslovna praksa.
For the above reasons the Commission considers that the aid provided under the Local Airport Scheme in 2000 to 2010 was compatible with the internal market pursuant to Article 107(3)c of the TFEU.
Vendar bi morale biti takšne politike razlikovanja cen poslovno upravičene.
Economic Activity and notion of undertaking
Za namene uporabe načela udeleženca v tržnem gospodarstvu v sedanjem primeru je najprej ustrezno oceniti naslednja vprašanja:
By providing air transportation services, airlines are performing an economic activity and therefore constitute undertakings in the sense of Article 107(1) of the TFEU.
Ali bi se sporazum o trženju in ureditve letaliških pristojbin morali obravnavati skupaj za namene načela udeleženca v tržnem gospodarstvu ali pa, kot sta trdili družbi Ryanair in AMS, ločeno?
It must accordingly be analysed whether the agreements between the airlines and the airport in question, if imputable to the state and involving a transfer of state resources, granted the former an economic advantage.
Ali je ustrezno primerjati sporazume, zajete v formalni preiskavi, z letališkimi pristojbinami, ki so se uporabljale na drugih letališčih za namen uporabe načela udeleženca v tržnem gospodarstvu?
State resources and imputability to the State
Komisija bo najprej obravnavala ti dve vprašanji in nato načelo udeleženca v tržnem gospodarstvu uporabila za ukrepa 4 in 5.
The Court of Justice held in the abovementioned Stardust Marine judgment that the resources of an undertaking incorporated under private law, whose shares are in majority publicly owned, constitute state resources.
Skupna ocena sporazumov o trženju in sporazumov o letaliških pristojbinah
Concerning imputability, in its Stardust Marine judgment the Court of Justice furthermore held that the fact that the state or a state entity is the sole or majority shareholder of an undertaking is not sufficient to find that a transfer of resources by that undertaking is imputable to its public shareholders.
Komisija meni, da je treba dve vrsti ukrepov, zajeti v formalni preiskavi v sedanjem primeru, in sicer sporazum o letaliških storitvah in sporazum o trženju, oceniti skupaj kot en sam ukrep.
According to the Court of Justice, even if the state was in a position to control a public undertaking and to exercise a dominant influence over its operations, actual exercise of that control in a particular case could not be automatically presumed, since a public undertaking may also act with more or less independence, according to the degree of autonomy left to it by the state.
Ta pristop zadeva sporazum o letaliških storitvah, ki sta ga sklenili družbi VFAB in Ryanair na eni strani, in sporazume o trženju med družbama VFAB in Ryanair, pa tudi med družbama VFAB in AMS.
According to the Court of Justice, indicators from which imputability might be inferred, are:
Družba Ryanair ne nasprotuje, da je treba pogodbo o trženju med družbama Ryanair in VFAB oceniti skupaj s sporazumom o letaliških pristojbinah.
the integration of the public undertaking into the structures of the public administration;
Več kazalnikov kaže na to, da je treba te pogodbe oceniti kot en sam ukrep, saj so bile sklenjene v okviru enotne transakcije.
the nature of the public undertaking's activities and the exercise of these activities on the market in normal conditions of competition with private operators;
Prvič, družba AMS je 100-odstotna hčerinska družba družbe Ryanair.
the legal status of the undertaking;
Pogodbo o trženju je v imenu družbe AMS sklenil Edward Wilson, ki je bil takrat njen direktor in sočasno direktor pri družbi Ryanair.
the intensity of the supervision exercised by the public authorities over the management of the undertaking;
Za namen uporabe pravil o državni pomoči se družbi AMS in Ryanair obravnavata kot enotno podjetje v smislu, da ima AMS vlogo posrednika v interesu in pod nadzorom družbe Ryanair.
any other indicator showing, in the particular case, an involvement by the public authorities in the adoption of a measure or the unlikelihood of their not being involved, having regard also to the compass of the measure, its content or the conditions which it contains.
Pri sedanjih sporazumih se to kaže tudi v dejstvu, da preambula sporazuma o trženju navaja: „[…] www.ryanair.com, spletno mesto irskega nizkocenovnega letalskega prevoznika Ryanair“.
State resources
Poleg tega so ti sporazumi o trženju, ki so sicer uradno sklenjeni med družbama VFAB in AMS, izrecno spremna pisma k sporazumu iz leta 2005, tj. sporazumu o letališki pristojbini z dne 31. januarja 2005 med družba VFAB in Ryanair.
During the entire period subject to the present decision, VFAB was 100 % owned by the state, either entirely by the City of Västerås or jointly by the City of Västerås and LFV Holding, a subsidiary of SCAA, a public body.
To jasno kaže, da strani nista razlikovali med sporazumi o letaliških storitvah in sporazumom o storitvah trženja, temveč sta ju šteli za del enotnega poslovnega sporazuma (Komisija ugotavlja tudi, da sta spremni pismi z dne 1. avgusta, ki sta sicer uradno sporazuma med družbama VFAB in AMS, kljub temu podpisani v imenu družbe Ryanair Ltd).
The state, as the sole shareholder of VFAB and by appointing its board of directors, can be presumed to have full influence over VFAB and to control its resources.
Drugič, sporazum o trženju iz leta 2010 z družbo AMS v prvem oddelku z naslovom „Namen sporazuma“ navaja, da je sporazum „[…]“.
Thus, any advantage granted from VFAB's resources is granted through state resources.
Ta ubeseditev vzpostavlja jasno neposredno povezavo med sporazumom o storitvah in zadevnim sporazumom o trženju v smislu, da se eden ne bi mogel skleniti brez drugega.
Imputability
Sporazum o trženju temelji na sklenitvi sporazuma o letaliških storitvah in storitvah, ki jih zagotavlja Ryanair.
The Commission first notes that according to the by-laws of VFAB, the purpose of the undertaking is to satisfy the region's air transport needs in compliance with the principles of public law which, apply to the activities of local administrations.
Preambula nadalje navaja, da se družba VFAB namerava ciljno osredotočiti na potnike družbe Ryanair, da bi spodbujala turizem in poslovne priložnosti v regiji.
Thus the general purpose of the company refers to objectives of general interest which are those typically pursued by public authorities and to the specific legal provisions applying to local administrations.
Tretjič, sporazum o trženju v preambuli navaja, da se je družba VFAB odločila „dejavno spodbujati Västmanland in Västerås kot počitniško destinacijo za mednarodne letalske potnike in kot privlačno poslovno središče“.
Moreover, it is the City of Västerås (together with LFV Holding when the latter was a shareholder) which appoints the Board of VFAB [42].
To kaže, da je bil glavni in specifični cilj sklenitve sporazuma o trženju spodbujanje letališča Västerås (in okoliško območje Västmanland) med morebitnimi strankami družbe Ryanair.
Furthermore, the decision to mandate the CEO of VFAB to conclude the original 2001 Arrangement with Ryanair was adopted by the Board made up of the ordinary members appointed by the City of Västerås [43].
Pogodba o storitvah trženja, sklenjena med družbama VFAB in AMS, je torej neločljivo povezana s sporazumi o letaliških storitvah, sklenjenih med družbama Ryanair in VFAB.
The by-laws furthermore require the undertaking to submit all important operational decisions to the City Council so that the latter can take a view on them.
Navedeni premisleki kažejo, da pogodbe o trženju ne bi bile sklenjene brez sporazumov o letaliških storitvah.
It is clear from the documents submitted in the course of the formal investigation that the City of Västerås has been directly involved in major commercial decisions.
Pogodba o trženju izrecno navaja, da temelji na izvajanju letov na progi Västerås–London s strani družbe Ryanair in v bistvu predvideva storitve trženja za spodbujanje te proge.
Thus, the evidence shows that in 2006, as the cost coverage agreement with LFV Holding was due to expire, the City Council debated the future commercial strategy of VFAB and took an explicit decision on the commercial strategy that the firm was to pursue in the period up to 2011.
Zato je po mnenju Komisije ustrezno, da se sporazumi o letaliških storitvah med družbama VFAB in Ryanair ter sporazum o trženju z dne 1. in 17. avgusta 2010 proučijo skupaj, da se ugotovi, ali morda pomenijo ukrep državne pomoči.
Thus, the public authority was directly involved in devising the commercial strategy of the airport operator and therefore it must be considered as involved in the decisions taken by the latter in the implementation of that strategy
Izvedljivost primerjave letališča Västerås z drugimi evropskimi letališči
Based on these elements, it appears that the State must be considered as involved in the commercial decisions of VFAB, which is a company that cannot devise its market strategy regardless of the public authority's formal or informal directives.
Švedska je tako kot Ryanair trdila, da bi bilo treba oceno načela udeleženca v tržnem gospodarstvu opraviti s primerjavo pogojev v poslovnih sporazumih med družbo VFAB na eni strani ter družbama Ryanair in AMS na drugi strani s pogoji primerljivih sporazumov na drugih letališčih.
Hence, the Commission, which notes that Sweden has not disputed imputability, considers that VFAB's commercial arrangements with Ryanair and AMS under Measures 4 and 5 are imputable to the state.
V okviru novih smernic za uporabo načela udeleženca v tržnem gospodarstvu se lahko obstoj pomoči letalskemu prevozniku, ki uporablja določeno letališče, načeloma izključi, če cena letaliških storitev ustreza tržni ceni ali če je s predhodno analizo mogoče dokazati, da bo sporazum med letališčem in letalskim prevoznikom privedel do pozitivnega dodatnega prispevka k dobičku za letališče.
Economic Advantage
Vendar kar zadeva prvi pristop (primerjava s „tržno ceno“), Komisija dvomi, da se lahko zdaj predeli ustrezno tržno merilo za vzpostavitev realne tržne cene za storitve, ki jih ponujajo letališča.
In order to assess whether an agreement between a publicly owned airport and an airline confers an economic advantage on the latter, it is necessary to analyse whether this agreement complied with the MEO principle.
Komisija torej meni, da je najustreznejše merilo za oceno sporazumov, ki jih sklenejo letališča s posameznimi letalskimi prevozniki, predhodna analiza dodatne dobičkonosnosti.
In applying the MEO test to an agreement between an airport and an airline, it must be assessed whether, at the date when the agreement was concluded, a prudent market economy operator would have expected this agreement to lead to a higher profit than would have been achieved otherwise.
Poudariti je treba, da je lahko na splošno uporaba načela udeleženca v tržnem gospodarstvu, ki temelji na povprečni ceni na drugih podobnih trgih, koristna, če je tako ceno mogoče smiselno opredeliti ali izpeljati iz drugih tržnih kazalnikov.
This higher profit is to be measured by the difference between the incremental revenues expected to be generated by the contract (that is, the difference between the revenues that would be achieved if the contract were concluded and the revenues that would be achieved absent the contract) and the incremental costs expected to be incurred as a result of the contract (that is, the difference between the costs that would be incurred if the contract were concluded and the costs that would be incurred absent the contract), the resulting cash flows being discounted with an appropriate discount rate.
Vendar ta način ni enako ustrezen v primeru letaliških storitev, saj se struktura stroškov in prihodkov med letališči običajno zelo razlikuje.
When assessing airport/airline arrangements, the Commission will also take into account the extent to which the arrangements under assessment can be considered part of the implementation of an overall strategy of the airport expected to lead to profitability at least in the long term (point 66 of the Guidelines).
Razlog je v tem, da so stroški in prihodki odvisni od razvitosti letališča, njegove zmogljivosti v smislu potniškega prometa, stanja infrastrukture in povezanih naložb, zakonodajnega okvira, ki se lahko med državami članicami razlikuje, ter morebitnimi dolgovi ali obveznostmi, ki ji je imelo letališče v preteklosti.
In this analysis, all the relevant incremental revenues and costs associated with the transaction must be taken into account.
Poleg tega je v sedanjem primeru razvidno, da poslovne prakse med letališči in letalskimi prevozniki ne temeljijo vedno izključno na objavljenem načrtu pristojbin.
The various elements (discounts to airport charges, marketing grants, other financial incentives) must not be assessed separately.
Ti poslovni odnosi so dejansko zelo različni.
Indeed, as stated in the Charleroi judgment:
Vključujejo delitev tveganj v zvezi s potniškim prometom ter vsako poslovno in finančno obveznostjo, standardnimi shemami spodbud in spreminjanjem razširjanja tveganj v pogojih sporazumov.
‘It is … necessary, when applying the private investor test, to envisage the commercial transaction as a whole in order to determine whether the public entity and the entity which is controlled by it, taken together, have acted as rational operators in a market economy.
Zato ene transakcije ni mogoče dejansko primerjati z drugo na podlagi cene obnove ali cene na potnika.
The Commission must, when assessing the measures at issue, examine all the relevant features of the measures and their context […].’
Če predvidevamo, da je na podlagi veljavne primerjalne analize mogoče ugotoviti, da so „cene“ v različnih transakcijah, ki so predmet te ocene, enake „tržnim cenam“, opredeljenim s primerjalnim vzorcem transakcij, ali višje od njih, Komisija ne bi mogla na podlagi navedenega sklepati, da so te transakcije skladne s preskusom udeleženca v tržnem gospodarstvu, če se ugotovi, da je v času njihove določitve upravljavec letališča pričakoval, da bodo ustvarjale višje dodatne stroške kot dodatni prihodki.
The expected incremental revenues must include in particular the revenues from airport charges, taking into account the discounts as well as the traffic expected to be generated by the agreement and the non-aeronautical revenues expected to be generated by the additional traffic.
Udeleženec v tržnem gospodarstvu torej ne bo imel spodbude, da bi blago ali storitve ponujal po referenčni „tržni ceni“, če bi to povzročilo dodatno izgubo.
The expected incremental costs must include in particular all the incremental operating and investment costs that would not be incurred absent the agreement as well as the costs of the marketing grants and other financial incentives.
V takih okoliščinah Komisija meni, da je ob upoštevanju vseh informacij, ki so ji na voljo, predhodna analiza dodatne dobičkonosnosti najboljši pristop za oceno, ali so poslovni odnosi med družbama VFAB in Ryanair slednji dodelile prednost v smislu člena 107(1) PDEU.
The Commission also notes in this context that price differentiation (including marketing support and other incentives) is a standard business practice.
Ocena dodatnih stroškov in prihodkov
Such differentiated pricing policies should, however, be commercially justified.
Da se oceni, ali je sporazum, ki ga je letališče sklenilo z letalskim prevoznikom, v skladu s preskusom udeleženca v tržnem gospodarstvu, je treba upoštevati pričakovane prihodke iz neletalskih dejavnosti, ki izvirajo iz dejavnosti letalskega prevoznika, in pa letališke pristojbine brez vseh znižanj, podpore za trženje ali shem spodbud.
Application of the MEOP to the agreements in question, in particular with Ryanair
Prav tako je treba upoštevati vse pričakovane stroške, ki so dodatno nastali letališču v zvezi z dejavnostjo letalskega prevoznika na letališču.
For the purposes of the application of the MEOP in this case, it is first appropriate to assess the following questions:
Taki dodatni stroški lahko obsegajo vse kategorije odhodkov ali naložb, npr. dodatne stroške za zaposlene, opremo in naložbe, nastale zaradi prisotnosti letalskega prevoznika na letališču.
Should the marketing agreement and the arrangements on airport charges be considered jointly for the purposes of the MEOP or, as Ryanair and AMS have argued, separately?
Če se mora letališče na primer razširiti ali zgraditi nov terminal ali druge objekte zlasti za izpolnitev potreb določenega letalskega prevoznika, je treba take stroške upoštevati pri izračunu dodatnih stroškov.
Is it relevant to compare the arrangements covered by the formal investigation with the airport charges applied in other airports for the purposes of applying the MEOP?
Nasprotno pa se stroški, ki bi jih letališče moralo kriti v vsakem primeru in ne glede na sporazum z letalskim prevoznikom, ne smejo upoštevati pri preskusu NDTG.
The Commission will first address these two questions and then apply to MEOP to Measures 4 and 5.
Poleg tega mora biti letališka infrastruktura odprta za vse letalske prevoznike in ne namenjena le določenemu letalskemu prevozniku, da se izključi možnost, da bi se prednost zaradi združljive pomoči upravljavcu letališča prenesla na posebnega letalskega prevoznika.
Joint assessment of the marketing agreements and the arrangements on airport charges
Na podlagi tega bo Komisija ocenila, ali bodo sporazumi med družbama VFAB in Ryanair, vključno s sporazumi o trženju z družbo AMS, privedli do pozitivnega dodatnega prispevka k dobičku za letališče.
The Commission considers that two types of measures covered by the formal investigation in this case, namely the airport service agreement and the marketing agreements, must be evaluated together as one single measure.
To oceno je treba opraviti ob upoštevanju razmer na letališču v času sklenitev sporazumov z družbo Ryanair in na podlagi takrat predvidenega razvoja na poslovnem področju.
This approach concerns the airport services agreement concluded between VFAB and Ryanair, on the one hand, and the marketing agreements between VFAB and Ryanair as well as VFAB and AMS.
Letališče Västerås je imelo leta 2001 znatno premajhno izkoriščenost.
Ryanair does not dispute that the marketing contract concluded directly between Ryanair and VFAB is to be assessed together with the airport charges agreement.
V 90. letih 20. stoletja je upoštevalo poslovni model, po katerem so tradicionalni letalski prevozniki, zlasti SAS, zagotavljali redne povezave do domačih in nekaterih tujih destinacij, predvsem Osla in Københavna, ki so bile privlačne za poslovne potnike iz regije Västerås, ki so dajali prednost hitrim povezavam, vendar so bili primerljivo cenovno neobčutljivi.
Indeed, the two agreements together govern the commercial relationship between VFAB and Ryanair.
V letih 1999 in 2000 je podjetje SAS na primer zagotavljalo 4 povezave na dan do Københavna, podjetje Skyways pa 3 povezave na dan do Göteborga, 3 povezave na dan do Malmöja in 2 leta na dan do Københavna.
In the Commission's view, the same applies for the marketing agreement with AMS, for the following reasons.
Letališče Västerås je bilo leta 2001 tako soočeno z dejstvom, da so letalski prevozniki, ki so njegove tradicionalne stranke, razmišljali o zmanjšanju svojih dejavnosti na letališču, pri čemer niso želeli sklepati dolgoročnih sporazumov, ki bi letališču prinesli stabilne dolgoročne prihodke.
There are several indications pointing towards the fact that these contracts are to be evaluated as one single measure since they have been concluded within the framework of a single transaction.
Letališče Västerås je imelo leta 2001 precej nižjo stopnjo izkoriščenosti.
First of all, AMS is a 100 % subsidiary of Ryanair.
Razpoložljiva največja zmogljivost je bila ocenjena na okrog 950000 odhodnih potnikov na leto, pri čemer je bilo dejansko število potnikov 93487, tj. manj kot 10 %.
The marketing contract was signed on behalf of AMS by Mr Edward Wilson, who at the time was a Director with AMS and concurrently a Director with Ryanair.
Hkrati je letališče poslovalo z visokimi fiksnimi stroški, večina katerih se je v skladu s podatki, ki jih je predložila Švedska, lahko pripisala dejavnosti na letališču, ki ni bila povezana z letalskimi prevozniki, kar je v obdobju 2000–2010 znašalo med 72 in 92 % prometa na letališču [44].
For the purpose of the application of State aid rules, AMS and Ryanair are considered to be a single undertaking, in the sense that AMS acts as an intermediary in the interest and under the control of Ryanair.
Delovanje komercialnih letalskih prevoznikov je vedno dodatno prispevali k dobičkonosnosti na letališču.
For the present agreements, this can also be inferred from the fact that the marketing agreement states in its preamble ‘[…] www.ryanair.com, the website of the Irish low fares airline Ryanair’.
Takrat je bilo običajno, da se prouči razvoj delovanja nizkocenovnih letalskih prevoznikov na letališču.