natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Financing flows and scope of this decision
ukrep bi lahko vplival na trgovino med državami članicami.
100 % deficit cover (Art. 46 bylaws IRIS-H)
Zagotavljanje selektivne gospodarske prednosti podjetju
Partially deficit cover (Art. 109 LCH) but repaid immediately In scope of this decision Formally targeted by complaint
Pojem podjetja
Special subsidy (of max.
Splošna načela
EUR 10 million per year)
Javno financiranje, dodeljeno subjektu, se lahko šteje za državno pomoč le, če je navedeni subjekt „podjetje“ v smislu člena 107(1) PDEU.
Funding via the FRBRTC (1)
Sodišče dosledno opredeljuje podjetja kot subjekte, ki opravljajo gospodarsko dejavnost [146].
Five IRIS Hospitals (4)
Uvrstitev subjekta med podjetja je torej v celoti odvisna od narave njegovih dejavnosti, ne glede na njegov pravni status in način financiranja [147].
Six Brussels municipalities (2) and CPAS (3)
Za dejavnost se na splošno mora šteti, da je gospodarske narave, kadar vključuje ponujanje blaga in storitev na trgu [148].
Brussels Capital Region
Subjekt, ki opravlja gospodarske in negospodarske dejavnosti, se obravnava kot podjetje le v zvezi z gospodarskimi dejavnostmi [149].
Fonds Régional Bruxellois de Refinancement des Trésoreries Communales.
Dejstvo, da namen podjetja ni ustvariti dobiček, ne pomeni nujno, da njegove dejavnosti niso gospodarske narave [150].
La Ville de Bruxelles, Anderlecht, Etterbeek, Ixelles, Saint-Gilles, and Schaerbeek (until the end of 2013).
Zdravstvene storitve
Centre Publics d'Action Sociale: PublicSocial Wellfare Centres attached to the municipalities.
Kadar bolnišnice in drugi ponudniki zdravstvenega varstva zdravstveno varstvo zagotavljajo proti plačilu [151], ki je neposredno od pacienta ali iz drugih virov, se na splošno šteje, da je gospodarska dejavnost [152].
CHU Saint-Pierre, CHU Brugmann, Institut Bordet, Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital (HUDERF) and IRIS South Hospitals.
Financiranje, ki ga bolnišnice IRIS prejmejo z različnimi nadomestili zveznih ali federalnih organov (glej na primer uvodno izjavo 46(a), (d) in (e) v zvezi z javnim financiranjem, ki je na voljo vsem bolnišnicam, in uvodno izjavo 44 v zvezi z nadomestilom primanjkljaja za bolnišnice IRIS), skupaj z neposrednimi plačili pacientov (glej uvodno izjavo 46(c)) in plačili inštituta INAMI (glej uvodno izjavo 46(b)) pomeni plačilo bolnišnicam IRIS za opravljene zdravstvene storitve, zato se zanj v zvezi s tem lahko šteje, da pomeni ekonomsko protistoritev za zagotovljene bolnišnične storitve.
State aid within the meaning of Article 107(1) TFEU
V takšnem sistemu obstaja med bolnišnicami določena stopnja konkurence pri opravljanju storitev zdravstvenega varstva.
Article 107(1) TFEU provides that ‘aid granted by a Member State or through State resources in any form whatsoever which distorts or threatens to distort competition by favouring certain undertakings or the production of certain goods shall, in so far as it affects trade between Member States, be incompatible with the internal market’.
Ker je bolnišnica, ki opravlja takšne storitve proti plačilu, javna bolnišnica, se dejavnosti navedene bolnišnice ne razvrščajo med negospodarske dejavnosti [153].
Accordingly, a measure constitutes State aid if the following four cumulative conditions are met [145]:
V tem primeru so glavne dejavnosti bolnišnic IRIS bolnišnične dejavnosti, ki obsegajo zagotavljanje storitev zdravstvenega varstva.
the measure must give a selective economic advantage to an undertaking;
Te bolnišnične dejavnosti, ki jih izvajajo bolnišnice IRIS, zagotavljajo tudi druge vrste organov ali subjektov, zlasti klinike, zasebne bolnišnice in drugi specializirani centri, vključno z zasebnimi bolnišnicami pritožnikov.
the measure must be financed through State resources;
Zato je treba te bolnišnične dejavnosti, ki jih bolnišnice IRIS opravljajo proti plačilu in v konkurenčnem okolju, obravnavati kot dejavnosti gospodarske narave.
the measure must distort or threaten to distort competition;
Zaradi vidikov solidarnosti, na katerih temelji belgijski nacionalni sistem zdravstvenega varstva, gospodarska narava takih bolnišničnih dejavnosti ni vprašljiva.
the measure must have the potential to affect trade between Member States.
Opomniti je treba, da je združenje CBI glede nacionalnega zdravstvenega sistema, ki ga upravljajo ministrstva in drugi organi in deluje „v skladu z načelom solidarnosti glede načina financiranja s prispevki za socialno varnost in drugimi državnimi prispevki ter brezplačnega zagotavljanja storitev svojim zavarovancem na podlagi univerzalnega kritja“, menilo, da zadevni organi upravljanja pri upravljanju navedenega nacionalnega zdravstvenega sistema ne ravnajo kot podjetja [154].
Selective economic advantage to an undertaking
Vendar Komisija meni, da je treba razlikovati med upravljanjem nacionalnega zdravstvenega sistema, ki ga izvajajo javni organi v okviru prerogativ države, in zagotavljanjem bolnišnične oskrbe proti plačilu v konkurenčnem okolju (kar velja za ta primer, kot je opisano v uvodnih izjavah 108 in 109).
The notion of undertaking
V skladu s tem je treba bolnišnice IRIS, kar zadeva zagotavljanje storitev zdravstvenega varstva, obravnavati kot podjetja v smislu člena 107(1) PDEU.
General principles
Socialne storitve
Public funding granted to an entity can only qualify as State aid if that entity is an ‘undertaking’ in the sense of Article 107(1) TFEU.
Kot je pojasnjeno v uvodni izjavi 38, bolnišnice IRIS svojim socialno prikrajšanim pacientom in njihovim družinam nudijo številne socialne storitve.
The Court of Justice has consistently defined undertakings as entities engaged in economic activity [146].
Te glede na pacientove potrebe vključujejo pomoč psihosocialne, socialno-administrativne ali socialno-materialne narave.
The qualification of an entity as an undertaking thus depends on the nature of its activity, with no regard to the entity's legal status or the way in which it is financed [147].
Zaradi posebne narave teh socialnih storitev morajo imeti subjekti, ki jih lahko izvajajo, posebne vire, kot je na primer posebej usposobljeno osebje.
An activity must generally be considered to be economic in nature where it consists in offering goods and services on a market [148].
Ni mogoče zanikati, da imajo dodatne socialne dejavnosti, ki jih morajo bolnišnice IRIS domnevno opravljati, izključno socialni namen.
An entity that carries out both economic and non-economic activities is to be regarded as an undertaking only with regard to the former [149].
Kakor je Sodišče navedlo v svoji sodni praksi, izključno socialna funkcija sistema, v okviru katerega se organizaciji dodelijo posebne naloge, kljub temu sama po sebi ne zadošča za splošno izključitev gospodarske narave teh nalog [155].
The mere fact that an entity does not pursue a profit does not necessarily mean that its operations are not of an economic nature [150].
Komisija je v sklepu o začetku postopka zahtevala pojasnilo glede tega, ali so dodatne socialne dejavnosti, ki jih domnevno opravljajo bolnišnice IRIS, gospodarska dejavnost.
Medical services
Belgijski organi v svojem odgovoru na sklep Komisije o začetku postopka trdijo, da so socialne dejavnosti negospodarske, saj niso del konkurenčnega trga.
Where healthcare is provided by hospitals and other healthcare providers against remuneration [151], be it directly from the patients or from other sources, it must generally be considered to constitute an economic activity [152].
Vendar pritožniki trdijo, da socialnih dejavnosti ni mogoče ločiti od bolnišničnih dejavnosti, ki so gospodarske narave.
The financing which the IRIS-H receive through various allowances from the federal or federated authorities (e.g., see recital 46(a), (d), (e) as regards public financing available to all hospitals and recital 44 as regards the deficit compensation for the IRIS-H), together with direct payments by patients (see recital 46(c)) and payments by the INAMI (see recital 46(b)) remunerates the IRIS-H for the medical services rendered and can therefore, in this context, be considered as constituting the economic consideration for the hospital services provided.
Komisija je skrbno proučila trditve belgijskih organov in ne more izključiti, da izvajanje dodatnih socialnih dejavnosti pomeni gospodarsko dejavnost.
In such a system, there is a certain degree of competition between hospitals concerning the provision of healthcare services.
Poleg tega meni, kot je pojasnjeno v nadaljevanju (glej uvodno izjavo 165), da dodatnih socialnih dejavnosti dejansko ni mogoče ločiti od bolnišničnih dejavnosti, ki so gospodarske narave.
The fact that a hospital providing such services against remuneration is public does not render that hospital's activities non-economic in nature [153].
Da se omogoči nadaljnja ocena, se v preostalem delu tega sklepa hipotetično predvideva, da je opravljanje dodatnih socialnih storitev dejansko gospodarske narave.
In the present case, the main activities of the IRIS-H are hospital activities consisting of the provision of healthcare services.
Pomožne dejavnosti
These hospital activities carried out by the IRIS-H are also provided by other types of bodies or entities, in particular clinics, private hospitals and other specialised centres, including the private hospitals of the complainants.
Kot je navedeno v uvodni izjavi 41, bolnišnice IRIS opravljajo tudi številne pomožne dejavnosti.
Therefore, these hospital activities carried out by the IRIS-H against remuneration and in a competitive environment must be regarded as economic in nature.
Komisija ugotavlja, da bi se nekatere od teh dejavnosti, če bi se ocenile ločeno od glavnih dejavnosti bolnišnic IRIS, zdele negospodarske po naravi (npr. raziskovalne dejavnosti), za druge pa se na prvi pogled zdi, da so gospodarske dejavnosti (npr. gostinski obrat ali trgovina za paciente in obiskovalce).
The solidarity aspects underpinning the Belgian national healthcare system do not call into question the economic nature of such hospital activities.
Vendar bi lahko trdili, da je treba tudi vse navedene pomožne dejavnosti zaradi njihove tesne povezanosti z glavnimi (gospodarskimi) dejavnostmi bolnišnic IRIS obravnavati kot gospodarske dejavnosti.
Indeed, it is recalled that with regard to a national health system, which is managed by ministries and other bodies and operates ‘according to the principle of solidarity in that it is funded from social security contributions and other State funding and in that it provides services free of charge to its members on the basis of universal cover’, the CFI held that the management bodies in question were not acting as undertakings in their management of that national health system [154].
Da se omogoči nadaljnja ocena, se v preostalem delu tega sklepa hipotetično predvideva, da so pomožne dejavnosti dejansko gospodarske narave.
However, the Commission considers that there is a need to differentiate between the management of the national health system, carried out by public bodies implementing for this purpose the prerogatives of the State, and the provision of hospital care against remuneration in a competitive environment (which is at stake in the case at hand, as outlined in recitals 108-109).
Gospodarska prednost
Accordingly, as far as the provision of healthcare services is concerned, the IRIS-H have to be considered to constitute undertakings in the sense of Article 107(1) TFEU.
Splošna ocena
Social services
Prednost v smislu člena 107(1) PDEU je katera koli gospodarska korist, ki je podjetje ne bi pridobilo pod običajnimi tržnimi pogoji, tj. brez posredovanja države [156].
As explained in recital 38 above, the IRIS-H offer a series of social services to their socially disadvantaged patients and their families.
Pomemben je le vpliv ukrepa na podjetje, ne pa vzrok ali cilj posredovanja države [157].
These include, according to patients' needs, assistance of psycho-social, socio-administrative or socio-material character.
Prednost pomeni vsako izboljšanje finančnega položaja podjetja zaradi posredovanja države.
The specific nature of these social services requires that operators eligible to exercise them have specific resources such as specially trained staff.
V tem primeru je treba opozoriti, da so različni sistemi javnega financiranja (kot so opisani v oddelku 2.5.1), ki zajemajo splošne bolnišnične in dodatne dejavnosti ter med katere spada tudi nadomestilo primanjkljaja, bolnišnicam IRIS omogočili, da imajo korist od svežnja ukrepov, oblikovanih za zmanjšanje bremen, ki jih običajno nosijo ponudniki takih dejavnosti.
It is undeniable that the additional social activities that the IRIS-H are allegedly under an obligation to perform serve an exclusively social purpose.
Zato se za mehanizem za nadomestilo primanjkljaja, ki je predmet tega sklepa, v skladu s presojo na podlagi načel iz sodbe v zadevi Altmark v naslednjih uvodnih izjavah lahko šteje, da je bolnišnicam IRIS dodelil gospodarsko prednost, ki je ne bi pridobile pod običajnimi tržnimi pogoji, tj. brez posredovanja države.
Nevertheless, as the European Court of Justice (hereinafter ‘ECJ’) stated in its case law, a purely social function of a system under which an organisation is allocated specific tasks, is not in itself sufficient to generally exclude the economic nature of these tasks [155].
Komisija ugotavlja, da javno financiranje bolnišnicam IRIS ne bi dodelilo nobene prednosti, če je bilo le nadomestilo za storitve, ki so jih bolnišnice IRIS opravljale na podlagi obveznosti javne službe, ki so jim bile naložene, in če je bilo v skladu s pogoji iz sodne prakse Altmark.
In the Commission's opening decision, clarification was sought on whether or not the additional social activities allegedly performed by the IRIS-H amounted to an economic activity.
Sodišče je v sodbi v zadevi Altmark pojasnilo, da nadomestilo, dodeljeno iz državnih sredstev za stroške, nastale pri opravljanju službe splošnega gospodarskega interesa, ne pomeni, da je bila dodeljena prednost, kadar so izpolnjeni štirje kumulativni pogoji [158]:
In their response to the Commission's opening decision, the Belgian authorities maintain that the social activities are non-economic, as they do not form part of a competitive market.
podjetje, ki prejema nadomestilo, mora dejansko izpolnjevati obveznosti javne službe, te obveznosti pa morajo biti jasno opredeljene;
The complainants however argue that the social activities cannot be separated from the hospital activities which are economic in nature.
merila, na podlagi katerih se izračuna nadomestilo, morajo biti določena vnaprej ter objektivno in pregledno;
While the Commission has carefully considered the Belgian authorities' arguments, it cannot exclude that the provision of the additional social activities amounts to an economic activity.
nadomestilo ne sme presegati tistega, kar je potrebno za kritje vseh ali dela stroškov, ki so nastali z izpolnjevanjem obveznosti javne službe ob upoštevanju realiziranih prejemkov in razumnega dobička zaradi izpolnjevanja teh obveznosti;
Furthermore, as will be explained below (see recital 165), the Commission considers that the additional social activities can in reality not be separated from the hospital activities which are economic in nature.
če podjetje, ki se mu naloži izpolnjevanje obveznosti javne službe, ni izbrano s postopkom oddaje javnega naročila, ki omogoča, da se izbere tisti ponudnik, ki lahko te storitve opravlja z najnižjimi stroški za skupnost, se mora raven potrebnega nadomestila določiti na podlagi analize stroškov, ki bi jih povprečno, dobro vodeno podjetje imelo pri izpolnjevanju teh obveznosti.
In order to proceed with the assessment, the remainder of this decision therefore assumes ex hypothesi that the provision of the additional social services is indeed economic in nature.
Načela in premisleki iz sodbe v zadevi Altmark veljajo z učinkom za nazaj, tj. tudi za tista pravna razmerja, ki izvirajo iz časov pred sprejetjem zadevne sodbe [159].
Ancillary activities
Zato merila za ocenjevanje iz sodbe v zadevi Altmark v celoti veljajo za dejanski in pravni položaj obravnavane zadeve, tudi kar zadeva podporo, ki je bila bolnišnicam IRIS dodeljena pred datumom sodbe v zadevi Altmark [160].
As outlined in recital 41 above, the IRIS-H are also engaged in a series of ancillary activities.
V tem primeru se je Komisija odločila, da bo najprej analizirala četrto merilo iz sodbe v zadevi Altmark (tj. ali je izbor podjetja, ki opravlja storitve splošnega gospodarskega pomena, temeljil na javnem razpisu za zbiranje ponudb, oziroma, ali dodeljeno nadomestilo za opravljanje storitev splošnega gospodarskega pomena temelji na analizi stroškov povprečnega, dobro vodenega podjetja).
The Commission notes that some of these activities would, when assessed in isolation from the main activities of the IRIS-H, appear to be non-economic in nature (e.g. research activities), while others appear on first sight to constitute economic activities (e.g. canteen or shop for patients and visitors).
Komisija ugotavlja, da bolnišnice IRIS niso bile izbrane v postopkih oddaje javnega naročila za obveznosti javne službe, ki so jim po trditvah belgijskih organov naložene.
It can be argued, however, that due to their close connection to the main (economic) activities of the IRIS-H, all of the mentioned ancillary activities must be treated as constituting economic activities as well.
Zato se lahko sklene, da je v obravnavani zadevi prvi del zadevnega merila izpolnjen.
In order to proceed with the assessment, the remainder of this decision therefore assumes ex hypothesi that the ancillary activities are indeed economic in nature.
Kar zadeva drugi del merila, ki se ocenjuje, Komisija najprej ugotavlja, da belgijski organi niso trdili, da bolnišnice IRIS v tem smislu štejejo za učinkovito podjetje.
Economic advantage
Ugotavlja tudi, da informacije, ki so jih predložili belgijski organi in pritožniki, ne zadoščajo za ugotovitev, da so sistemi nadomestil za obveznosti javne službe, ki so morda naložene bolnišnicam IRIS, v skladu z merilom učinkovitega subjekta v smislu četrtega pogoja iz sodbe Altmark.
General assessment
Nič ne kaže na to, da dodeljeno nadomestilo temelji na analizi stroškov povprečnega podjetja z značilnostmi, ki jih zahteva zadevna sodna praksa sodišč Unije.
An advantage within the meaning of Article 107(1) TFEU is any economic benefit which an undertaking would not have obtained under normal market conditions, i.e. in the absence of State intervention [156].
Prav tako ni dovolj dokazov za to, da bi se lahko za same bolnišnice IRIS štelo, da so povprečna, dobro vodena in ustrezno opremljena podjetja.
Only the effect of the measure on the undertaking is relevant, neither the cause nor the objective of the State intervention [157].
Pri določanju dodeljenega nadomestila se očitno niso upoštevali premisleki o dobrem upravljanju ali ustreznosti opreme.
Whenever the financial situation of the undertaking is improved as a result of State intervention, an advantage is present.
Opozoriti je treba, da mehanizem nadomestil, s katerim se krije primanjkljaj bolnišnic IRIS zaradi opravljanja storitev splošnega gospodarskega pomena in pomožnih dejavnosti, ki ne upošteva učinkovitosti vodenja teh bolnišnic, ne more izpolniti četrtega merila iz sodbe v zadevi Altmark.
In the present case, it has to be noted that the various public financing systems (as described in Section 2.5.1) covering the general hospital and additional activities, among which is also the deficit compensation, allowed the IRIS-H to benefit from a package of measures designed to reduce the burdens normally borne by the providers of such activities.
Zato Komisija meni, da četrto merilo iz sodbe v zadevi Altmark v tem primeru ni izpolnjeno.
Therefore, subject to the examination under the principles of the Altmark judgment made in the following recitals, the deficit compensation mechanism that forms the subject of this decision can be considered to grant the IRIS-H an economic advantage they would not have obtained under normal market conditions, i.e. without State intervention.
Ker so pogoji iz sodbe v zadevi Altmark kumulativni, neizpolnjevanje enega od štirih pogojev nujno pomeni, da mehanizem za nadomestilo primanjkljaja, ki se obravnava v tem sklepu, dodeljuje gospodarsko prednost v smislu člena 107(1) PDEU.
The Commission notes that the public financing of the IRIS-H would not grant any advantage to them in as far as it merely amounted to compensation for services provided by the IRIS-H on the basis of public service obligation(s) entrusted to them, to the extent that this complied with the conditions set out in the Altmark case law.
Selektivnost
In its Altmark judgment, the ECJ made clear that compensation granted from State resources for costs incurred to provide a service of general economic interest does not amount to granting an advantage where four cumulative conditions are met [158]:
Ukrep državne pomoči spada v področje uporabe člena 107(1) PDEU, če daje prednost „posameznim podjetjem ali proizvodnji posameznega blaga“.
the recipient undertaking must actually be required to discharge public service obligations and those obligations must be clearly defined;
Zato se lahko za pomoč štejejo le ukrepi v korist podjetjem, s katerimi je prednost dodeljena selektivno.
the parameters on the basis of which the compensation is calculated must be established in advance in an objective and transparent manner;
Komisija ugotavlja, da je treba mehanizem nadomestil, vzpostavljen za kritje primanjkljaja javnih bolnišnic v Bruslju (glej uvodno izjavo 44), ne pa tudi zasebnih bolnišnic, šteti za selektivnega po naravi, saj izključuje zasebne bolnišnice in vse druge ponudnike zdravstvenega varstva ter subjekte iz drugih sektorjev dejavnosti.
the compensation cannot exceed what is necessary to cover all or part of the costs incurred in the discharge of public service obligations, taking into account the relevant revenues and a reasonable profit for discharging those obligations;
Državna sredstva
in case an undertaking entrusted to carry out public service obligations is not chosen pursuant to a public procurement procedure, which allows for selection of the tenderer capable of providing those services at the least cost to the community, the level of compensation needed must be determined on the basis of an analysis of the costs which a typical undertaking, well-run and adequately equipped, would have incurred in discharging those obligations.
Da bi ukrep pomenil državno pomoč v smislu člena 107(1) PDEU, mora pomoč dodeliti država ali pa mora biti dodeljena iz državnih sredstev.
The principles and considerations laid down in the Altmark judgment are applicable ex tunc, i.e. also to those legal relations originating from times before the judgment in question [159].
Državna sredstva vključujejo vsa sredstva javnega sektorja [161], vključno s sredstvi subjektov na državni ravni (decentraliziranih, federalnih, regionalnih ali drugih) [162].
Consequently, the assessment criteria set out in the Altmark judgment are fully applicable to the factual and legal situation of the present case, even as regards support granted to the IRIS-H before the date of the Altmark judgment [160].
V tem primeru nadomestila primanjkljaja, ki jih bolnišnice IRIS od svojih zadevnih občin prejmejo za opravljanje storitev splošnega gospodarskega pomena in pomožnih dejavnosti, izvirajo iz javnih sredstev in jih je mogoče pripisati državi.
For the present purposes, the Commission has decided first to analyse the fourth Altmark criterion (i.e. whether the selection of an undertaking providing an SGEI was based on a public tender procedure or, alternatively, whether the SGEI compensation granted is based on the analysis of the costs of a typical, well-run undertaking).
Izkrivljanje konkurence in vpliv na trgovino
The Commission notes that the IRIS-H have not been selected via public procurement procedures for the public service obligation(s) with which they are entrusted according to the Belgian authorities.
Javna podpora podjetjem je državna pomoč v smislu člena 107(1) PDEU, če „izkrivlja ali bi lahko izkrivljala konkurenco“, in le, če „prizadene trgovino med državami članicami“.
It can thus be concluded that the first part of the criterion in question is met in the present case.
Izkrivljanje konkurence