natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
plant is amenable to testing in the laboratory, and can give reliable and reproducible results within and across testing facilities;
Ob koncu preskusa je treba zabeležiti meritev odstotka vznika in biomase preživelih rastlin ter vidne znake škodljivih učinkov na različne dele rastline.
the sensitivity of the species tested should be consistent with the responses of plants found in the environment exposed to the chemical;
Med slednjimi so anomalije videza vzniknjenih sejancev, zakrnela rast, kloroza, razbarvanje, umrljivost in učinki na razvoj rastline.
they have been used to some extent in previous toxicity tests and their use in, for example, herbicide bioassays, heavy metal screening, salinity or mineral stress tests or allelopathy studies indicates sensitivity to a wide variety of stressors;
Končno biomaso je mogoče meriti s končno povprečno suho težo poganjkov preživelih rastlin, s spravilom poganjkov na površini tal in s sušenjem teh poganjkov pri 60 °C do konstantne teže.
they are compatible with the growth conditions of the test method;
Namesto tega je končno biomaso mogoče meriti s svežo težo poganjkov.
they meet the validity criteria of the test.
Če tako zahtevajo regulativni organi, je druga končna točka lahko višina poganjka.
Some of the historically most used test species are listed in Appendix 2 and potential non-crop species in Appendix 3.
Za ocenjevanje opaznih strupenih učinkov je treba uporabljati enoten sistem točkovanja za vidne poškodbe.
The number of species to be tested is dependent on relevant regulatory requirements, therefore it is not specified in this test method.
Primeri kvalitativnih in kvantitativnih vizualnih ocen so podani v virih (23)(24).
Application of the test chemical
Statistična analiza
The chemical should be applied in an appropriate carrier (e.g. water, acetone, ethanol, polyethylene glycol, gum Arabic, sand).
Preskus z eno samo koncentracijo/stopnjo
Mixtures (formulated products or formulations) containing active ingredients and various adjuvants can be tested as well.
Podatke o vsaki rastlinski vrsti je treba analizirati z ustrezno statistično metodo (21).
Incorporation into soil/artificial substrate
Treba je poročati o ravni učinka pri preskusni koncentraciji/stopnji ali nedoseganju danega učinka pri preskusni koncentraciji/stopnji (npr. o učinku, ki je < x % učinka, opaženega pri koncentraciji ali stopnji y).
Chemicals which are water soluble or suspended in water can be added to water, and then the solution is mixed with soil with an appropriate mixing device.
Preskus z več koncentracijami/stopnjami
This type of test may be appropriate if exposure to the chemical is through soil or soil pore-water and that there is concern for root uptake.
Uporabljajo se lahko različni modeli:
The water-holding capacity of the soil should not be exceeded by the addition of the test chemical.
na primer, za oceno vrednosti ECx ali ERx (npr. EC25, ER25, EC50, ER50) in njenih meja zaupanja za vznik v obliki kvantnih podatkov so lahko primerne metode analiza logit in analiza probit, Weibullova metoda, metoda Spearman-Karber, prilagojena metoda Spearman-Karber itd. Za rast sejancev (težo in višino) kot zvezno končno točko je vrednost ECx ali ERx in njene meje zaupanja mogoče oceniti z ustrezno regresijsko analizo (npr. z Bruce-Versteegovo nelinearno regresijsko analizo (25)).
The volume of water added should be the same for each test concentration, but should be limited to prevent soil agglomerate clumping.
Kadar je mogoče, mora biti R2 za najbolj občutljive vrste enak ali večji od 0,7, uporabljene preskusne koncentracije/stopnje pa zajemajo od 20- do 80-odstotne učinke.
Chemicals with low water solubility should be dissolved in a suitable volatile solvent (e.g. acetone, ethanol) and mixed with sand.
Če se ocenjuje vrednost NOEC, mora imeti prednost uporaba učinkovitih statističnih preskusov, ki jih je treba izbrati na podlagi porazdelitve podatkov (21)(26).
The solvent can then be removed from the sand using a stream of air while continuously mixing the sand.
V poročilu o preskusu morajo biti predstavljeni rezultati študij in podroben opis preskusnih pogojev ter temeljita razprava o rezultatih, analiza podatkov in zaključki, izpeljani iz analize.
The treated sand is mixed with the experimental soil.
Treba je podati povzetek v preglednici in izvleček rezultatov.
A second control is established which receives only sand and solvent.
Poročilo mora vključevati naslednje:
Equal amounts of sand, with solvent mixed and removed, are added to all treatment levels and the second control.
kemijski identifikacijski podatki, relevantne lastnosti preskušane kemikalije (npr. log Pow, topnost v vodi, parni tlak in informacije o usodi in vedenju v okolju, če so na voljo),
For solid, insoluble test chemicals, dry soil and the chemical are mixed in a suitable mixing device.
podrobnosti o pripravi preskusne raztopine in preverjanju preskusnih koncentracij, kot je navedeno v odstavku 18.
Hereafter, the soil is added to the pots and seeds are sown immediately.
podrobnosti preskusnega organizma:
A weighed portion of beads should be extracted with the same organic solvent and the chemical assayed before the potting containers are filled.
oprema za preskušanje (npr. rastna komora, fitotron in rastlinjak),
Surface application
opis preskusnega sistema (npr. velikosti in materialov posod ter količine tal),
For crop protection products, spraying the soil surface with the test solution is often used for application of the test chemical.
lastnosti tal (tekstura ali vrsta tal: porazdelitev in razvrstitev delcev tal, fizikalne in kemijske lastnosti, vključno z odstotkom organske snovi, odstotek organskega ogljika in vrednost pH),
All equipment used in conducting the tests, including equipment used to prepare and administer the test chemical, should be of such design and capacity that the tests involving this equipment can be conducted in an accurate way and it will give a reproducible coverage.
priprava tal/substrata (npr. tal, umetnih tal, peska in drugega) pred preskusom,
The coverage should be uniform across the soil surfaces.
opis hranilnega gojišča, če je uporabljeno,
Care should be taken to avoid the possibilities of chemicals being adsorbed to or reacting with the equipment (e.g. plastic tubing and lipophilic chemicals or steel parts and elements).
nanos kemikalije:
The test chemical is sprayed onto the soil surface simulating typical spray tank applications.
opis metode nanosa, opis opreme, stopnje in količine izpostavljenosti, vključno s preverjanjem kemikalije, opis metode umerjanja in opis okoljskih pogojev med nanosom,
Generally, spray volumes should be in the range of normal agricultural practice and the volumes (amount of water etc. should be reported).
rastni pogoji:
Nozzle type should be selected to provide uniform coverage of the soil surface.
obsevanost (npr. PAR, fotosintetsko aktivno sevanje), obdobje osvetljenosti, največje/najmanjše temperature, program in metoda zalivanja, gnojenje,
If solvents and carriers are applied, a second group of control plants should be established receiving only the solvent/carrier.
število semen na posodo, število rastlin na odmerek, število ponovitev (posod) na stopnjo izpostavljenosti,
This is not necessary for crop protection products tested as formulations.
vrsta in število kontrol (negativnih in/ali pozitivnih kontrol, kontrole s topilom, če se uporablja),
Verification of test chemical concentration/rate
trajanje preskusa.
The concentrations/rates of application must be confirmed by an appropriate analytical verification.
preglednica vseh končnih točk za vsako ponovitev, preskusno koncentracijo/stopnjo in vrsto,
For soluble chemicals, verification of all test concentrations/rates can be confirmed by analysis of the highest concentration test solution used for the test with documentation on subsequent dilution and use of calibrated application equipment (e.g., calibrated analytical glassware, calibration of sprayer application equipment).
število in odstotek vzniknjenih semen v primerjavi s kontrolami,
For insoluble chemicals, verification of compound material must be provided with weights of the test chemical added to the soil.
meritve biomase (suho težo ali svežo težo poganjkov) rastlin v obliki odstotka kontrol,
If demonstration of homogeneity is required, analysis of the soil may be necessary.
višina poganjkov rastlin v obliki odstotka kontrol, če je merjena,
PROCEDURE
odstotek vidnih poškodb ter kvantitativni in kvalitativni opis vidnih poškodb (kloroza, nekroza, venenje, deformacije listov in stebel, pa tudi morebitna odsotnost učinkov) zaradi preskusne kemikalije v primerjavi s kontrolnimi rastlinami,
Test design
opis ocenjevalne lestvice, uporabljene za presojo vidnih poškodb, če obstaja vizualno ocenjevanje,
Seeds of the same species are planted in pots.
pri študijah z eno samo stopnjo je treba poročati o odstotku poškodb,
The number of seeds planted per pot will depend upon the species, pot size and test duration.
vrednosti ECx ali ERx (npr. EC50, ER50, EC25, ER25) in z njimi povezane meje zaupanja.
The number of plants per pot should provide adequate growth conditions and avoid overcrowding for the duration of the test.
Če se izvaja regresijska analiza, je treba določiti standardno napako za regresijsko enačbo in standardno napako za ocene posameznih parametrov (npr. naklon, presek),
The maximum plant density would be around 3 - 10 seeds per 100 cm2 depending to the size of the seeds.
vrednosti NOEC (in LOEC), če so izračunane,
As an example, one to two corn, soybean, tomato, cucumber, or sugar beet plants per 15 cm container;
opis uporabljenih statističnih postopkov in predpostavk,
three rape or pea plants per 15 cm container;
grafični prikaz teh podatkov in razmerje med odmerkom in odzivom preskušanih vrst.
and 5 to 10 onion, wheat, or other small seeds per 15 cm container are recommended.
Odstopanja od postopkov, opisanih v tej preskusni metodi, in morebitne nenavadne dogodke med preskusom.
The number of seeds and replicate pots (the replicate is defined as a pot, therefore plants within the same pot do not constitute a replicate) should be adequate for optimal statistical analysis (21).
Ecotoxicology vol. 9(4):255–271.
It should be noted that variability will be greater for test species using fewer large seeds per pot (replicate), when compared to test species where it is possible to use greater numbers of small seeds per pot.
Poglavje C.33 te priloge:
By planting equal seed numbers in each pot this variability may be minimized.
Preskus razmnoževanja deževnikov (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei).
Control groups are used to assure that effects observed are associated with or attributed only to the test chemical exposure.
Aktivna sestavina (a.i.) (ali aktivna snov (a.s.)) je snov, zasnovana za doseganje določenega biološkega učinka (npr. nadzora nad insekti, preprečevanje bolezni rastlin, zatiranje plevela na tretiranem območju), ki je znana tudi kot aktivna sestavina oziroma snov na tehnični stopnji.
The appropriate control group should be identical in every respect to the test group except for exposure to the test chemical.
Fitofarmacevtska sredstva (sredstva za zaščito pridelka ali rastlin) ali pesticidi so snovi s posebno biološko aktivnostjo, ki se uporabljajo za zaščito pridelka pred škodljivimi organizmi (npr. glivičnimi boleznimi, insekti in kompetitivnimi rastlinami).
Within a given test, all test plants including the controls should be from the same source.
ECx – koncentracija z x-odstotnim učinkom ali ERx – stopnja z x-odstotnim učinkom je koncentracija ali stopnja, ki povzroči neželeno menjavo ali spremembo odstotka x v končni točki preskusa, merjeni glede na kontrolo (25- oziroma 50-odstotno zmanjšanje vznika, teže poganjkov, končnega števila prisotnih rastlin ali povečanje vidnih poškodb bi predstavljalo vrednost EC25/ER25 oziroma EC50/ER50).
To prevent bias, random assignment of test and control pots is required.
Vznik je pojav koleoptila ali kotiledona nad površino tal.
Seeds coated with an insecticide or fungicide (i.e. “dressed” seeds) should be avoided.
Formulacija je komercialno formulirani produkt, ki vsebuje aktivno snov (aktivno sestavino), znan tudi kot končni pripravek [1] ali značilni končni izdelek (TEP (‚typical end-use product‘)).
However, the use of certain non-systemic contact fungicides (e.g. captan, thiram) is permitted by some regulatory authorities (22).
Vrednost LOEC (Lowest Observed Effect Concentration) je najnižja koncentracija preskusne kemikalije, pri kateri je bil opažen učinek.
If seed-borne pathogens are a concern, the seeds may be soaked briefly in a weak 5 % hypochlorite solution, then rinsed extensively in running water and dried.
V tem preskusu ima koncentracija, ki ustreza vrednosti LOEC, v danem obdobju izpostavljenosti statistično značilen učinek (p < 0,05) v primerjavi s kontrolo in je višja od vrednosti NOEC.
No remedial treatment with other crop protection product is allowed.
Neciljne rastline:
The test conditions should approximate those conditions necessary for normal growth for the species and varieties tested (Appendix 4 provides examples of test condition).
rastline, ki so zunaj ciljnega območja rastlin.
The emerging plants should be maintained under good horticultural practices in controlled environment chambers, phytotrons, or greenhouses.
Pri fitofarmacevtskih sredstvih to navadno pomeni rastline zunaj tretiranega območja.
When using growth facilities these practices usually include control and adequately frequent (e.g. daily) recording of temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, light (intensity, wave length, photosynthetically active radiation) and light period, means of watering, etc., to assure good plant growth as judged by the control plants of the selected species.
Vrednost NOEC (No Observed Effect Concentration) je najvišja koncentracija preskusne kemikalije, pri kateri ni bilo opaženega nobenega učinka.
Greenhouse temperatures should be controlled through venting, heating and/or cooling systems.
Fitotoksičnost:
The following conditions are generally recommended for greenhouse testing:
škodljiva odstopanja (ocenjena z meritvami in vizualno) od normalnega vzorca videza in rasti rastlin kot odziv na dano kemikalijo.
temperature:
Ponovitev je preskusna enota, ki predstavlja kontrolno skupino in/ali tretirano skupino.
photoperiod:
Vizualna ocena:
minimum 16 hour light;
ocena vidnih poškodb na podlagi opazovanja rastlinskega sestoja, vitalnosti, deformacij, kloroze, nekroze in splošnega videza v primerjavi s kontrolo.
light intensity:
Preskusna kemikalija:
Additional lighting may be necessary if intensity decreases below 200 μE/m2/s, wavelength 400 - 700 nm except for certain species whose light requirements are less.
vsaka snov ali zmes, preskušena z uporabo te preskusne metode.
Environmental conditions should be monitored and reported during the course of the study.
Končni pripravek:
The plants should be grown in non-porous plastic or glazed pots with a tray or saucer under the pot.
formulirani proizvod, ki vsebuje aktivno kemikalijo (aktivno sestavino) in se prodaja na trgu.
The pots may be repositioned periodically to minimize variability in growth of the plants (due to differences in test conditions within the growth facilities).
Seznam vrst, uporabljenih pri preskušanju rastlin v preteklosti
The pots must be large enough to allow normal growth.
Družina
Soil nutrients may be supplemented as needed to maintain good plant vigour.
vrsto;
The need and timing of additional nutrients can be judged by observation of the control plants.
Splošna imena
Bottom watering of test containers (e.g. by using glass fiber wicks) is recommended.
korenje
However, initial top watering can be used to stimulate seed germination and, for soil surface application it facilitates movement of the chemical into the soil.
Asteraceae (Compositae) (nebinovke (košarnice))
The specific growing conditions should be appropriate for the species tested and the test chemical under investigation.
sončnice
Control and treated plants must be kept under the same environmental conditions, however, adequate measures should be taken to prevent cross exposure (e.g. of volatile chemicals) among different treatments and of the controls to the test chemical.
solata
Testing at a single concentration/rate
bela gorjušica
In order to determine the appropriate concentration/rate of a chemical for conducting a single-concentration or rate (challenge/limit) test, a number of factors must be considered.
kitajski kapus
For general chemicals, these include the physical/chemical properties of the chemical.
oljna ogrščica
For crop protection products, the physical/chemical properties and use pattern of the test chemical, its maximum concentration or application rate, the number of applications per season and/or the persistence of the test chemical need to be considered.
zelje
For the range-finding test, the test concentrations/rates should be widely spaced (e.g. 0,1, 1,0, 10, 100 and 1000 mg/kg dry soil).
redkev
For crop protection products concentrations/rates could be based on the recommended or maximum concentration or application rate, e.g. 1/100, 1/10, 1/1 of the recommended/maximum concentration or application rate.
sladkorna pesa
Testing at multiple concentrations/rates
kumara
The purpose of the multiple concentration/rate test is to establish a dose-response relationship and to determine an ECx or ERx value for emergence, biomass and/or visual effects compared to un-exposed controls, as required by regulatory authorities.
soja
The number and spacing of the concentrations or rates should be sufficient to generate a reliable dose-response relationship and regression equation and give an estimate of the ECx. or ERx.
mungo fižol
The selected concentrations/rates should encompass the ECx or ERx values that are to be determined.
pritlikavi fižol, stročji fižol, vrtni fižol
For example, if an EC50 value is required it would be desirable to test at rates that produce a 20 to 80 % effect.
grah
The recommended number of test concentrations/rates to achieve this is at least five in a geometric series plus untreated control, and spaced by a factor not exceeding three.
božja rutica
For each treatment and control group, the number of replicates should be at least four and the total number of seeds should be at least 20.
navadna nokota
More replicates of certain plants with low a germination rate or variable growth habits may be needed to increase the statistical power of the test.
črna detelja
If a larger number of test concentrations/rates are used, the number of replicates may be reduced.
grašica
If the NOEC is to be estimated, more replicates may be needed to obtain the desired statistical power (23).
lan
Observations
ajda
During the observation period, i.e. 14 to 21 days after 50 % of the control plants (also solvent controls if applicable) have emerged, the plants are observed frequently (at least weekly and if possible daily) for emergence and visual phytotoxicity and mortality.
paradižnik
At the end of the test, measurement of percent emergence and biomass of surviving plants should be recorded, as well as visible detrimental effects on different parts of the plant.
čebula
The latter include abnormalities in appearance of the emerged seedlings, stunted growth, chlorosis, discoloration, mortality, and effects on plant development.
oves
The final biomass can be measured using final average dry shoot weight of surviving plants, by harvesting the shoot at the soil surface and drying them to constant weight at 60 °C.
ječmen
Alternatively, the final biomass can be measured using fresh shoot weight.
trpežna (angleška) ljuljka
The height of the shoot may be another endpoint, if required by regulatory authorities.
riž
A uniform scoring system for visual injury should be used to evaluate the observable toxic responses.
sirek v zrnju, navadni sirek
Examples for performing qualitative and quantitative visual ratings are provided in references (23) (24).
pšenica
Statistical analysis
koruza
Single concentration/rate test
Seznam potencialnih nekmetijskih rastlin
Data for each plant species should be analyzed using an appropriate statistical method (21).
Potencialne rastline za preskušanje strupenosti rastlin OECD.
The level of effect at the test concentration/rate should be reported, or the lack of reaching a given effect at the test concentration/rate (e.g., < x % effect observed at y concentration or rate)
V naslednji preglednici so informacije o 52 nekmetijskih vrstah (viri so za vsak vnos navedeni v oklepajih).
Multiple concentration/rate test
Navedene hitrosti vznika so vzete iz objavljene literature in služijo le kot splošno vodilo.
A dose-response relationship is established in terms of a regression equation.
Posamezne izkušnje se lahko razlikujejo glede na vir semena in druge dejavnike.
Different models can be used:
Botanično ime DRUŽINE vrste
for example, for estimating ECx or ERx (e.g. EC25, ER25, EC50, ER50) and its confidence limits for emergence as quantal data, logit, probit, Weibull, Spearman-Karber, trimmed Spearman-Karber methods, etc. could be appropriate.
(slovensko splošno ime)
For the growth of the seedlings (weight and height) as continuous endpoints ECx or ERx and its confidence limits can be estimated by using appropriate regression analysis (e.g. Bruce-Versteeg non-linear regression analysis (25)).
Življenjska doba [1] in habitat
Wherever possible, the R2 should be 0,7 or higher for the most sensitive species and the test concentrations/rates used encompass 20 % to 80 % effects.
Teža semena
If the NOEC is to be estimated, application of powerful statistical tests should be preferred and these should be selected on the basis of data distribution (21) (26).
Obdobje osvetljenosti za kalivost ali rast [2]
The test report should present results of the studies as well as a detailed description of test conditions, a thorough discussion of results, analysis of the data, and the conclusions drawn from the analysis.
Globina sejanja
A tabular summary and abstract of results should be provided.
Čas do kalitve
The report must include the following:
(dni) [4]
chemical identification data, relevant properties of the chemical tested (e.g. log Pow, water solubility, vapour pressure and information on environmental fate and behaviour, if available);
Posebna tretiranja [5]
details on preparation of the test solution and verification of test concentrations as specified in paragraph 18.
Preskus strupenosti [6]
details of the test organism:
Dobavitelji semen [7]
species/variety, plant families, scientific and common names, source and history of the seed as detailed as possible (i.e. name of the supplier, percentage germination, seed size class, batch or lot number, seed year or growing season collected, date of germination rating), viability, etc.;
Druge reference [8]
number of mono- and di-cotyledon species tested;
(japonska oklobnica) E, D;
rationale for selecting the species;
prizadeta območja, žive meje, pašniki (16, 19)
description of seed storage, treatment and maintenance.
1,7–1,9 (14, 19)
testing facility (e.g. growth chamber, phytotron and greenhouse);
hladna stratifikacija (7, 14, 18, 19), morda je potrebno zorenje (19), tema zavira kalivost (1, 19), brez posebnih tretiranj (5)
description of test system (e.g., pot dimensions, pot material and amounts of soil);
(navadna marjetica)
soil characteristics (texture or type of soil: soil particle distribution and classification, physical and chemical properties including % organic matter, % organic carbon and pH);
travišča, orna zemljišča, trate (16, 19)
soil/substrate (e.g. soil, artificial soil, sand and others) preparation prior to test;
obsevanost ne vpliva na kalivost (18, 19), brez posebnih tretiranj (4, 14)
description of nutrient medium if used;
(plavica)
application of the test chemical:
polja, obcestne površine, odprti habitati (16)
description of method of application, description of equipment, exposure rates and volumes including chemical verification, description of calibration method and description of environmental conditions during application;
4,1–4,9 (4, 14)
growth conditions:
brez posebnih tretiranj (2, 4)
light intensity (e.g. PAR, photosynthetically active radiation), photoperiod, max/min temperatures, watering schedule and method, fertilization;
(črni glavinec)