natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Accordingly, for example, the study of 17 January 2014 indicates that ‘future incremental profits beyond the scheduled expiry of the Airport Services agreement are inherently uncertain’.
Opozoriti je treba tudi, da se pri uporabi preskusa udeleženca v tržnem gospodarstvu ni upoštevalo dejstvo, da družba Ryanair na nekaterih rutah ni delovala v celotnem obdobju, predvidenem v določenih pogodbah, saj ta dejavnik ob sklenitvi pogodb ni bil znan in ga takrat ni bilo mogoče predvideti.
Furthermore, this study proposes two methods for the ex ante assessment of the positive effects of marketing services agreements: a ‘cash flow’ approach and a ‘capitalisation’ approach.
Komisija v nadaljevanju proučuje pogodbe, sklenjene z družbama Ryanair in AMS, v smislu dodatnega prometa ter dodatnih prihodkov in stroškov ob upoštevanju uporabljenih predpostavk, nato pa predstavi svojo analizo teh pogodb, ki ji sledi še analiza pogodbe, sklenjene z družbo Transavia.
The ‘cash flow’ approach involves assessing the benefits of the marketing services agreements and airport services agreements in the form of future revenues generated for the airport operator by the marketing services and by the airport services agreement, minus corresponding costs.
Dodatni promet in število načrtovanih povratnih letov (pogodbe z družbama Ryanair in AMS)
In the ‘capitalisation’ approach, improvement of the airport’s brand image through the marketing services is treated as an intangible asset, acquired for the price set out in the marketing services agreement.
Analiza, ki jo je opravila Komisija, temelji na dodatnem prometu (z drugimi besedami, na številu dodatnih potnikov), ki bi ga udeleženec v tržnem gospodarstvu, ki upravlja letališče Pau namesto zbornice, lahko predvidel ob sklenitvi pogodb.
However, the study highlights the major difficulties presented by the ‘capitalisation’ approach and shows that the results produced by this method are unreliable.
V zvezi s pogodbo iz leta 2003 to na primer vključuje določitev števila potnikov na letih družbe Ryanair na ruti Pau–London, ki bi ga lahko upravljavec letališča Pau leta 2003 napovedal za celotno obdobje trajanja pogodbe.
It suggests that the ‘cash flow’ approach would be better.
Napovedani dodatni promet je bil določen na podlagi števila rut in pogostosti letov, kot sta določena v različnih pogodbah o letaliških storitvah in pogodbah o storitvah trženja, ter na podlagi pridobljenega števila povratnih letov na leto.
In particular, the study states:
Poleg tega je Komisija upoštevala zmogljivost letala, ki ga uporablja družba Ryanair, to je Boeing 737-800, ki ima 189 sedežev.
‘The capitalisation approach should only take into account the proportion of marketing expenditure that is attributable to the intangible asset base of an airport.
Komisija je začela s predpostavko, da je faktor zasedenosti enak 85 % na let, kar je ugodno za družbo Ryanair, saj je to visok faktor zasedenosti.
However, it may be difficult to identify the proportion of marketing expenditure that is targeted towards generating expected future revenues for the airport (i.e., an investment in the intangible asset base of the airport) as opposed to generating current revenues for the airport’.
Je tudi nekoliko višji od povprečnega faktorja zasedenosti letov družbe Ryanair v njenem omrežju in enak faktorju zasedenosti, ki ga je Francija predlagala za različne pogodbe v svoji rekonstrukciji analize donosnosti, ali višji od njega.
It also stresses that ‘In order to implement the capitalisation-based approach, it is necessary to estimate the average length of time that an airport would be able to retain a customer due to the AMS marketing campaign.
Vendar Komisija meni, da se lahko uporabi ta visoki faktor zasedenosti, čeprav je ugodna predpostavka, da se upošteva morebitni ugoden učinek storitev trženja na potniški promet na rutah, zajetih v različnih pogodbah, v odsotnosti drugih elementov, ki bi količinsko opredelili predvidljive učinke teh storitev na faktor zasedenosti.
In practice, it would be very difficult to estimate the average period of customer retention following an AMS campaign due to insufficient data’.
Kjer obdobje izvajanja pogodbe ni sovpadalo s polnimi koledarskimi leti, je Komisija to upoštevala tako, da je za vsako leto izvajanja pogodbe izračunala napovedani promet v sorazmerju s številom dni v letu, ko se je izvajala pogodba.
The study of 31 January 2014 proposes a practical application of the ‘cash flow’ approach.
Nekatere pogodbe so vsebovale navedbe v zvezi s pričakovanim številom potnikov na zadevnih rutah.
In this approach, the benefits of the marketing services agreements and airport services agreements that last even after the marketing services agreement has expired are expressed as a ‘terminal value’ calculated on the agreement’s expiry date.
Ker pa te navedbe niso bile pravno zavezujoče, jih preudaren udeleženec v tržnem gospodarstvu ne bi nujno upošteval v svoji analizi donosnosti.
This terminal value is calculated based on the incremental profits expected from the airport service and marketing services agreements in the final year of application of the airport services agreement.
Zato jih Komisija ni upoštevala, za vse pogodbe pa je uporabila predpostavko 85-odstotnega faktorja zasedenosti (ki je višji od faktorja iz teh navedb).
This method involves taking the incremental profit expected in the final year of application of the airport services agreement and projecting it into the future for the same period as the term of the airport services agreement, but adjusted by the growth rate of the air transport market in Europe and a probability factor deemed to reflect the capacity of the airport services agreement and marketing services agreement to contribute to the airport’s profits beyond their expiry.
Poleg tega so nekatere pogodbe vsebovale obvezo letalskega prevoznika v zvezi z minimalnim številom potnikov, prepeljanih na zadevnih rutah.
According to the study of 31 January 2014, this capacity to produce lasting benefits depends on various factors ‘… including greater prominence and a stronger brand, alongside network externalities and repeat passengers’, although no details are given about these factors.
Vendar bi udeleženec v tržnem gospodarstvu verjetno računal na število potnikov, večje od minimalnega števila, ki bi ga jamčil letalski prevoznik.
Moreover, this method takes into account a discount rate that reflects capital costs.
Pravzaprav bi udeleženec v tržnem gospodarstvu verjetno predpostavljal, da je letalski prevoznik predvidel varnostno razliko med obsegom prometa, h kateremu se je zavezal, in obsegom prometa, ki ga je lahko razumno pričakoval.
The study suggests a probability factor of […] %, which it considers prudent.
Komisija se je zato odločila, da v svoji oceni ne bo upoštevala teh obveznih minimumov.
However, this very theoretical study does not provide any serious evidence for this factor, neither quantitatively nor qualitatively.
Dodatni promet, ki ga je izračunala Komisija, je na splošno večji od zavezujočih minimumov in obsega prometa iz nezavezujočih navedb v različnih pogodbah.
It does not base itself on any facts relating to Ryanair’s activities, air transport markets or airport services to substantiate this rate of […] %.
Nazadnje, opozoriti je treba, da sta zbornica in družba Ryanair/AMS leta 2009 spremenili pogoje pogodb iz leta 2005, in sicer sta zmanjšali pogostost letov na ruti Pau–London, načrtovano število letov za leto 2009 določili na 211, letno ceno za storitve trženja pa znižali na […] EUR.
It does not establish any link between this rate and the factors that it mentions in passing (prominence, strong brand, network externalities and repeat passengers) and that are deemed to extend the benefits of the airport service and marketing services agreements after their expiry dates.
Komisija je pri uporabi preskusa udeleženca v tržnem gospodarstvu uporabila enako podlago kot za druge pogodbe, in sicer se je oprla na predpostavko, da je dodatni promet, povezan s to spremembo, ustrezal vsem rutam, pogostostim in letom, omenjenim v navedeni spremembi.
Lastly, it does not in any way base itself on the specific content of the marketing services set out in the various agreements with AMS when analysing to what extent these services may influence the factors mentioned above.
Dodatni prihodki (pogodbe z družbama Ryanair in AMS)
Moreover, it does not prove that there is any likelihood that, on the expiry of an airport services agreement and marketing services agreement, the profits generated by these agreements for the airport operator in the final year of their application will continue in the future.
Komisija si je za vsako transakcijo, zajeto v njeni analizi, prizadevala določiti dodatne prihodke, tj. prihodke, nastale zaradi transakcije, kot bi jih predvidel udeleženec v tržnem gospodarstvu.
Likewise, it provides no evidence that the growth rate of the air transport market in Europe is a useful indicator for measuring the impact of an airport services agreement and a marketing services agreement for a given airport.
Glede uporabe načela enojnega zaračunavanja Komisija meni, da je treba upoštevati letalske in neletalske prihodke.
A ‘terminal value’ calculated using the method suggested by Ryanair would therefore be highly unlikely to be taken into account by a prudent MEO when assessing the value of entering into an agreement.
Letalski prihodki so sestavljeni iz prihodkov od različnih pristojbin, ki jih mora letalski prevoznik plačati upravljavcu letališča in vključujejo:
The study of 31 January 2014 therefore shows that the ‘cash flow’ approach would lead only to very imprecise and unreliable results, as would the ‘capitalisation’ method.
pristajalno pristojbino, in sicer določen znesek na povratni let,
Moreover, as stated above, the marketing services considered by the formal investigation procedure clearly target people likely to use the routes covered by the marketing services agreements.
Pristajalna pristojbina in potniška pristojbina, ki ju uporablja zbornica, sta načeloma regulirani pristojbini za dostop do letališke infrastrukture, ki se zaračunata vsem letalskim prevoznikom, ki uporabljajo letališče, na podlagi posvetovanj in ki se objavita.
If these routes are not renewed on the expiry of the airport services agreement, it is unlikely that the marketing services will continue to have a positive effect on passenger traffic at the airport after the expiry date.
Različne pogodbe o letaliških storitvah, sklenjene z družbama Ryanair in Transavia, določajo, da se uporablja javni sistem obračunavanja pristojbin letališča.
It is very difficult for an airport operator to assess the likelihood of an airline continuing to operate a route on the expiry of the term to which it has committed itself in the airport services agreement.
Komisija je v zvezi s temi različnimi pogodbami za napovedane zneske pristajalne in potniške pristojbine na enoto uporabila javne pristojbine, ki so veljale v času sklenitve pogodb, in jih indeksirala po 2-odstotni stopnji na leto.
Low-fare airlines in particular have proven to be very dynamic in terms of launching and withdrawing routes.
Komisija meni, da bi udeleženec v tržnem gospodarstvu lahko predvidel 2-odstotno stopnjo inflacije, saj je to ciljna stopnja Evropske centralne banke (v nadaljnjem besedilu: ECB) za euroobmočje.
Therefore, when entering into a transaction such as those being examined in this formal investigation procedure, a prudent MEO could not rely on an airline being willing to extend the operation of the route in question on the expiry of the agreement.
Dejansko je bilo razumno predvidevati, da se bodo regulirane pristojbine vsako leto zvišale v skladu z inflacijo.
Furthermore, it should be noted that a terminal value calculated using the method proposed by Ryanair in the study of 31 January 2014 will be positive (and therefore will have a positive effect on the projected return on the airport services agreement and marketing services agreement) only where the incremental profit expected from these agreements in the final year of application of the airport services agreement is positive.
Pristojbine za storitve zemeljske oskrbe niso regulirane, ampak so predmet dvostranskih pogajanj.
This method involves taking the incremental profit expected in the final year of application of the airport services agreement and projecting it into the future by applying two factors.
V različnih pogodbah o letaliških storitvah, sklenjenih z družbo Ryanair, in pogodbi z družbo Transavia so te pristojbine določene v obliki fiksnih zneskov na povratni let brez indeksacije.
The first factor is the overall growth in the European air transport market and reflects the expected growth in traffic.
Zato je Komisija te zneske uporabila v svoji analizi.
The second factor is a rate of […] % that basically represents the likelihood of agreements that are now expiring encouraging the signature of similar agreements in the future, resulting in similar financial flows.
Da bi Komisija izračunala prihodke od treh navedenih vrst letaliških pristojbin, ki bi jih udeleženec v tržnem gospodarstvu pričakoval od vsake pogodbe, je uporabila število načrtovanih povratnih letov (za pristajalno pristojbino in pristojbino za storitve zemeljske oskrbe) in pričakovano število dodatnih potnikov (za potniško pristojbino), določeno za posamezno pogodbo, ter ju pomnožila s pristojbino na enoto.
The study of 31 January 2014 very briefly considers this scenario, by simply indicating in a footnote, without any comments or explanations, that ‘… no terminal value can be calculated if incremental profits net of AMS payments are negative in the last year of the period under consideration’.
Dejavnost parkirišč, restavracij in drugih podjetij na letališču je dejansko odvisna od števila potnikov.
However, as will be proven further on, all the agreements in this case involve projected incremental flows that have a negative net present value each year, and not just overall.
Enako torej velja za prihodke, ki jih upravljavec letališča prejme iz teh dejavnosti.
As a result, for these agreements, a ‘terminal value’ calculated using the method proposed by Ryanair would be zero, if not negative.
Najbolj razumen pristop za določitev napovedanih dodatnih neletalskih prihodkov zato vključuje določitev zneska neletalskih prihodkov na potnika, ki se nato pomnoži z napovedanim dodatnim prometom.
Taking this terminal value into account would not therefore call into question the conclusion that the various agreements involve an economic advantage.
Po mnenju Komisije je verjetno, da bi razumen udeleženec v tržnem gospodarstvu ob sklenitvi različnih pogodb znesek neletalskih prihodkov na potnika določil na podlagi skupnih neletalskih prihodkov letališča na potnika v obdobju tik pred sklenitvijo zadevne pogodbe, ki bi bilo dovolj dolgo, da bi bili prihodki reprezentativni.
In conclusion, it is clear from the above that the only tangible benefit that a prudent MEO would expect from a marketing services agreement, and that it would take into account and quantify when assessing the value of entering into such an agreement, together with an airport services agreement, would be that the marketing services would have a possible positive effect on the number of passengers using the routes covered by the agreements in question for the operating period of those routes, as set out in the agreements.
Komisija v zvezi s tem meni, da je razumno uporabiti obdobje treh let.
Any other benefits would be deemed too uncertain to be taken into account and quantified, and there is nothing to suggest that they were taken into account by the CCIPB.
Meni tudi, da bi udeleženec v tržnem gospodarstvu napovedal indeksacijo tega zneska v določenem obdobju, ki bi izražala inflacijo.
Relevance of comparing the terms of the airport services agreements covered by the formal investigation procedure with the airport charges invoiced at other airports
V zvezi s tem je Komisija uporabila 2-odstotno stopnjo (uporabila jo je za drugo in tretje leto triletnega obdobja).
According to the new Guidelines, when applying the MEO test, aid to an airline using an airport can, in principle, be excluded where:
Naslednja preglednica prikazuje skupne neletalske prihodke letališča za vsako leto v obdobju 2000–2011 in povprečni znesek neletalskih prihodkov na enoto na potnika v predhodnih treh letih za vsako leto posebej.
the price charged for the airport services corresponds to the market price;
Preglednica 5
it can be demonstrated through an ex ante analysis, i.e. based on available information and foreseeable developments at the time when the measure was granted, that the airport/airline arrangement will lead to a positive incremental profit contribution for the airport.
Neletalski prihodki
Furthermore, according to the new Guidelines, ‘When assessing airport/airline arrangements, the Commission will also take into account the extent to which the arrangements under assessment can be considered part of the implementation of an overall strategy of the airport expected to lead to profitability at least in the long term’.
skupni zneski
However, with regard to the first approach (comparison with a ‘market price’), the Commission has strong doubts that, at the present time, an appropriate benchmark can be identified to establish a true market price for the services provided by airports.
povprečni znesek na enoto na potnika v predhodnih treh letih (v EUR)
The Commission considers ex ante incremental profitability analysis to be the most relevant criterion for the assessment of arrangements concluded by airports with individual airlines.
Dodatni stroški (pogodbe z družbama Ryanair in AMS)
It should be noted in this regard that, in general, the application of the MEO test based on an average price observed in other similar markets may prove helpful where a market price can be reasonably identified or deduced from other market indicators.
Dodatni stroški, ki bi jih udeleženec v tržnem gospodarstvu, ki upravlja letališče namesto zbornice, lahko vnaprej pričakoval od vsake transakcije (ki vključuje pogodbo o letaliških storitvah in pogodbo o storitvah trženja, kjer je primerno), so razvrščeni v naslednje tri kategorije:
However, this method may not be as relevant in the case of airport services.
stroški nakupa storitev trženja,
The revenue and cost structure tends to differ significantly from airport to airport.
dodatni naložbeni stroški, ki izhajajo iz naložb, izvedenih zaradi transakcije, in
These costs and revenues depend on the airport’s state of development, number of airlines operating from/to the airport, available capacity in terms of passenger traffic, state of the infrastructure, the regulatory burden, which may vary from Member State to Member State, and historical debts and obligations of the airport.
dodatni operativni stroški, tj. operativni stroški (osebje, razni nakupi), ki lahko nastanejo zaradi transakcije.
Moreover, the liberalisation of the air transport market complicates any purely comparative analysis.
V zvezi s stroški pogodb o storitvah trženja je Komisija upoštevala zneske, določene v teh različnih pogodbah.
As the present case amply demonstrates, commercial arrangements between airports and airlines are not necessarily based on a list of public prices for individual services.
Pogodbe o storitvah trženja na splošno določajo letne ali skupne fiksne zneske.
These commercial relationships vary widely.
Pogodba, sklenjena leta 2003 z družbo Ryanair za ruto Pau–London, je vključevala posebno ureditev, in sicer začetno plačilo in letna plačila na potnika, pri čemer je najvišja letna vsota slednjih plačil znašala 400 000 EUR.
They include the sharing of risks in terms of traffic and of correlative commercial and financial responsibilities, the generalised use of incentive mechanisms (for example, in the form of discounts connected with the number of links or passengers carried), and variations in the distribution of risk over the term of contracts.
Glede na napovedi v zvezi s prometom, ki so povezane s pogodbo iz leta 2003 in temeljijo na 85-odstotnem faktorju zasedenosti, se zdi, da bi udeleženec v tržnem gospodarstvu pričakoval, da bo ta najvišji znesek 400 000 EUR dosežen.
As a result, it is difficult to compare transactions based on a price per rotation or per passenger.
Komisija je zato za stroške storitev trženja poleg začetnega plačila, določenega v pogodbi, uporabila ta najvišji znesek.
In its study of 9 April 2013, Ryanair essentially argues that the MEO test can be applied based on a comparison with the commercial arrangements of other European airports.
Podobno kot napovedi glede prometa predvidena plačila za trženje ne predstavljajo nujno zneskov, ki so se dejansko plačali, saj so lahko nekateri dogodki po sklenitvi pogodb povzročili odstopanja od teh prvotnih zneskov.
It should firstly be noted that, during the procedure, neither France nor any interested third party has suggested to the Commission a sample of comparison airports that may be used in this case and that are sufficiently comparable to Pau airport in terms of traffic volume, type of traffic, type and level of airport services provided, proximity of the airport to a large city, number of inhabitants in the catchment area, prosperity of the surrounding area, and different geographical areas from which passengers could be attracted.
To velja zlasti, če se pogodba predčasno prekine.
Even if such a sample of airports had been available, a comparative method would have been totally unworkable in this case.
Vendar se pri uporabi preskusa udeleženca v tržnem gospodarstvu ti dogodki ne smejo upoštevati, saj so se zgodili po sklenitvi pogodbe.
As proven above, the transactions to be analysed are complex packages consisting of an airport services agreement and a marketing services agreement (sometimes combined within the same legal medium).
V zvezi z dodatnimi naložbenimi stroški je treba opozoriti, da Francija trdi, da nobene naložbe na letališču Pau ni bilo treba izvesti zaradi različnih obravnavanih pogodb.
These transactions involve several ‘prices’, namely the various airport charges, price of the groundhandling services and price of the marketing services, some of which depend on the number of passengers and others on the number of aircraft movements, with others involving fixed amounts.
Zato in glede na to, da nič ne kaže, da bi udeleženec v tržnem gospodarstvu pričakoval, da bo moral zaradi ene ali več pogodb, zajetih v formalnem postopku preiskave, izvesti določene naložbe, se v tej analizi dodatni naložbeni stroški niso upoštevali.
Each of these transactions therefore leads to a complex set of financial flows between the airport operator and the airline and its subsidiaries, consisting of the revenue from the airport charges, revenue linked to the groundhandling services and revenue linked to the marketing services.
Ker ni poslovnih načrtov za posamezne pogodbe, so dodatni operativni stroški, ki jih je bilo mogoče predvideti ob sklenitvi različnih pogodb, kategorija stroškov, ki jo je najtežje določiti.
Accordingly, a comparison between just the airport charges invoiced by the CCIPB to the airlines concerned and the airport charges invoiced at the comparison airports would not provide any useful indication as to whether the MEO test was satisfied.
Za operativne stroške zlasti ni mogoče uporabiti pristopa, uporabljenega za neletalske prihodke, ki je vključeval uporabo skupnih neletalskih prihodkov letališča za določitev dodatnih neletalskih prihodkov na potnika.
At the very least, in order to validly compare the transactions covered by this assessment, it would be necessary to identify, for the airports in the comparison sample, a set of comparable transactions, which must particularly include equivalent marketing services and equivalent groundhandling services.
V skladu s takim pristopom bi se skupni operativni stroški letališča, zmanjšani na število potnikov, obravnavali kot dodatni stroški.