natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
In its decision of 28 October 2009 [12] (hereinafter ‘the Commission's 2009 decision’, see also Section 4.1), the Commission decided not to raise objections to the aid for financing of the public hospitals of the IRIS network in the Brussels Capital Region as the financing at hand was deemed compatible with the common market under the conditions set out in Commission Decision 2005/842/EC [13] (hereinafter ‘2005 SGEI Decision’) and directly with Article 86(2) EC Treaty (now Article 106(2) TFEU) with respect to entrustments pre-dating the entry into force of the 2005 SGEI Decision on 19 December 2005.
Komisija je v odločbi z dne 28. oktobra 2009 [12] (v nadaljnjem besedilu: odločba Komisije iz leta 2009, glej tudi oddelek 4.1) odločila, da ne bo nasprotovala pomoči za financiranje javnih bolnišnic IRIS regije glavnega mesta Bruselj, saj se je zadevno financiranje zdelo združljivo s skupnim trgom v skladu s pogoji, določenimi v Odločbi Komisije 2005/842/ES [13] (v nadaljnjem besedilu: odločba o storitvah splošnega gospodarskega pomena iz leta 2005), in neposredno s členom 86(2) Pogodbe ES (zdaj člen 106(2) PDEU) v zvezi s pooblastili pred začetkom veljavnosti odločbe o storitvah splošnega gospodarskega pomena iz leta 2005 z dne 19. decembra 2005.
Subsequently, the complainants launched an action for annulment of this Commission decision at the General Court.
Pritožniki so nato zoper to odločbo Komisije vložili ničnostno tožbo na Splošnem sodišču.
The GC annulled the Commission decision by its judgment of 7 November 2012 in case T-137/10 [14] (see also Section 4.2), concluding that this decision had been adopted in violation of the procedural rights of the complainants.
Splošno sodišče je odločbo Komisije razveljavilo s sodbo z dne 7. novembra 2012 v zadevi T-137/10 [14] (glej tudi oddelek 4.2), v kateri je ugotovilo, da je bila ta odločba sprejeta ob kršenju procesnih pravic pritožnikov.
In particular, the GC concluded that the Commission should have had doubts concerning the compatibility of the measures at hand with the internal market considering the arguments of the complainants with respect to the compatibility.
Ugotovilo je zlasti, da bi morala imeti Komisija ob upoštevanju trditev pritožnikov v zvezi z združljivostjo pomisleke glede združljivosti zadevnih ukrepov z notranjih trgom.
The GC therefore concluded that the Commission was required to initiate the formal investigation procedure, in order to gather any relevant information for verifying the compatibility of all the aid measures at issue with the internal market, and to allow the complainants and other interested parties to present their observations in connection with that procedure [15].
Zato je ugotovilo, da bi Komisija morala začeti formalni postopek preiskave, s katerim bi zbrala vse informacije, ki so potrebne za preverjanje združljivosti vseh zadevnih ukrepov pomoči z notranjim trgom, in da bi se pritožnikom in drugim zainteresiranim stranem omogočilo, da v okviru tega postopka predložijo svoje pripombe [15].
By letter dated 1 October 2014, the Commission informed Belgium that it had decided to initiate the procedure laid down in Article 108(2) of the TFEU in respect of the public financing measures in favour of the Brussels public IRIS hospitals.
Komisija je z dopisom z dne 1. oktobra 2014 Belgijo obvestila o odločitvi, da v zvezi z ukrepi javnega financiranja v korist bruseljskih javnih bolnišnic IRIS začne postopek iz člena 108(2) PDEU.
The Commission's decision to initiate the procedure (hereinafter ‘the opening decision’) was published in the Official Journal of the European Union [16].
Sklep Komisije o začetku postopka (v nadaljnjem besedilu: sklep o začetku postopka) je bil objavljen v Uradnem listu Evropske unije [16].
The Commission invited interested parties to submit their comments on the measures.
Komisija je zainteresirane strani pozvala, naj predložijo pripombe o ukrepih.
By letter of 22 October 2014, the Belgian authorities requested an extension of the deadline to submit their comments on the opening decision, which was accepted by the Commission by letter of 23 October 2014.
Belgijski organi so z dopisom z dne 22. oktobra 2014 zahtevali podaljšanje roka za predložitev pripomb v zvezi s sklepom o začetku postopka, ki ga je Komisija odobrila z dopisom z dne 23. oktobra 2014.
The Commission received comments from interested parties (see Section 5) on 15 December 2014, 5 January 2015 and 9 January 2015.
OZADJE
By letters of 13 and 20 February 2015, the Commission forwarded these comments to Belgium, which was given the opportunity to react.
Bolnišnice IRIS delujejo v zapletenem zakonodajnem in regulativnem okolju, ki ga oblikujejo različni javni organi.
Belgium's comments were received by letter dated 13 March 2015, registered on 17 March 2015.
Za celovito oceno skladnosti javnega financiranja, ki ga prejemajo, s pravili državne pomoči je najprej treba na kratko opisati zakonodajni in regulativni okvir, kot velja za bolnišnice IRIS.
On this basis the Commission has reassessed the case and interpreted certain elements differently in comparison to the assessment in the annulled Commission's 2009 decision.
Ta opis obsega predstavitev zakona o javnih centrih za socialno pomoč (na podlagi katerega so bile ustanovljene bolnišnice IRIS), kratek opis ustanovitve bolnišnic IRIS, pregled zakonodajnih in drugih dokumentov, ki urejajo njihovo delovanje, kratek pregled njihovih glavnih dejavnosti in navedbo različnih mehanizmov financiranja, ki se uporabljajo.
BACKGROUND
Pravica do socialne pomoči in zakon o javnih centrih za socialno pomoč
The IRIS-H operate in a complex legislative and regulatory environment which is shaped by various public authorities.
V Belgiji je pravica do socialne pomoči ustavna pravica.
A comprehensive assessment of the compliance with State aid rules of the public financing from which they benefit requires at the outset a brief description of the legislative and regulatory framework as it applies to the IRIS-H.
Člen 23 belgijske ustave zlasti določa:
This description encompasses an introduction to the Loi CPAS (on the basis of which the IRIS-H were created), a brief account of the creation of the IRIS-H, a survey of the legislative and other documents regulating the operations of the IRIS-H, a short overview of the main activities of the IRIS-H, as well as an enumeration of the various applicable financing mechanisms.
„Vsak ima pravico do življenja v skladu s človekovim dostojanstvom.
The right to social aid and the Loi CPAS
Zato zakoni, odločba ali pravilo iz člena 134 zagotavljajo ekonomske, socialne in kulturne pravice ob upoštevanju zadevnih obveznosti in določajo pogoje za njihovo izvajanje.
The right to social aid is a constitutional right in Belgium.
Te pravice med drugim vključujejo:
In particular, Article 23 of the Belgian Constitution provides:
Dejanski dostop državljanov do socialne pomoči ureja zlasti sistemski zakon z dne 8. julija 1976 [17] (v nadaljnjem besedilu: zakon o CPAS), na podlagi katerega so se ustanovili Centres Publics d'Action Sociale (javni centri za socialno pomoč, v nadaljnjem besedilu: CPAS).
‘Everyone has the right to lead a life in keeping with human dignity.
CPAS so javni organi in pravne osebe ter prisotni v vsaki belgijski občini.
Those rights include, inter alia:
Člen 1 zakona o CPAS določa:
the right to social security, healthcare and social, medical and legal aid.’
„Vsak ima pravico do socialne pomoči.
Actual access to social aid by citizens is governed primarily by the Organic Law of 8 July 1976 [17] (hereinafter ‘Loi CPAS’) which created the Centres Publics d'Action Sociale (hereinafter ‘CPAS’).
Namen take pomoči je vsakomur omogočiti življenje v skladu s človekovim dostojanstvom.
The CPAS are public bodies, with legal personality, and are present in each Belgian municipality.
Ustanovijo se CPAS, ki bodo tako pomoč zagotavljali v skladu s pogoji iz tega zakona.“
The CPAS are governed by a board the members of which are elected by the municipal council of the respective municipality.
CPAS v praksi zagotavljajo socialno pomoč osebam, ki nimajo sredstev za dostojno življenje in niso upravičene do drugih oblik socialne varnosti (npr. denarnega nadomestila za brezposelnost).
According to Article 1 of the Loi CPAS:
V zvezi s tem člen 57(1) zakona o CPAS določa, da je naloga CPAS posameznikom in družinam zagotoviti pomoč, ki jo je skupnost dolžna zagotavljati, v njem pa je ta pomoč opisana, kot sledi:
‘Everyone has the right to social aid.
„Ti centri ne zagotavljajo le paliativne in kurativne pomoči, ampak tudi preventivno.
The purpose of such aid is to enable everyone to lead a life in keeping with human dignity.
Spodbujajo družbeno udejstvovanje uporabnikov.
CPAS shall be set up to provide such aid in accordance with the conditions laid down in this Law.’
Pomoč je lahko materialna, socialna, zdravniška, zdravstveno-socialna ali psihološka.“
In practice, the CPAS provide social aid to persons who do not have the resources to be able to live in dignity and who are ineligible for other forms of social security (e.g. unemployment benefits).
Čeprav mora vsak CPAS zagotavljati socialno pomoč posameznikom in družinam, v določeni meri sam odloča, kako se ta pomoč zagotovi.
In this context, Article 57(1) of the Loi CPAS specifies that the CPAS have the mission to provide individuals and families with the aid that the community is due to provide and describes this aid as follows:
Natančneje, CPAS lahko tako pomoč zagotovi:
‘It shall provide not only palliative and curative assistance but also preventive assistance.
sam, neposredno, ali
It shall encourage social participation by users.
„kadar je potrebno in primerno na podlagi obstoječe sheme“ (glej tudi uvodno izjavo 19) prek ustanov ali služb, ki jih ustanovi (na podlagi člena 60(6) ter členov 79 in 118 zakona o CPAS), pri čemer mora CPAS, ki tako ustanovo ali službo ustanovi, določiti tudi njen namen, vse njegove socialne obveznosti, ki jih prenese na ustanovo ali službo, pa se nato izvajajo v skladu z navedenim namenom, ali
The assistance may be material, social, medical, medico-social or psychological.’
prek ustanov ali služb, s katerimi sodeluje (člen 61 zakona o CPAS), pri čemer zadevne ustanove ali službe ustanovi:
Although each CPAS has the obligation to provide social aid to individuals and families, it does have a certain discretion as to how this aid is provided.
sam CPAS (glej prejšnjo alineo) ali
More specifically, a CPAS may provide such aid:
tretja oseba, ki bo prav tako določila namen svoje ustanove.
either itself, directly, or
V slednjih dveh primerih bo CPAS (del) svoje obveznosti zagotavljanja socialne pomoči prenesel le, če je to v skladu z namenom sodelujoče ustanove.
‘where necessary and if appropriate under an existing scheme’ (see also recital 19), through institutions or services which it creates (on the basis of Articles 60(6), 79, 118 Loi CPAS), in which case the CPAS setting up such an institution or service also necessarily determines its purpose; any of its social obligations, which the CPAS delegates to the institution or service, is then exercised in accordance with that purpose, or
Če ustanovo ustanovi CPAS, tudi nadzira ta namen.
through institutions or services with which it collaborates (Article 61 Loi CPAS), in which case the respective institutions or services will have been created:
Če ustanovo v celoti ustanovi tretja ustanova, je sodelovanje omejeno z namenom te ustanove.
either by the CPAS itself (see previous indent), or
Pravna obveznost CPAS, da zagotavlja socialno pomoč, ne glede na to, ali je ta materialna, socialna, zdravniška, zdravstveno-socialna ali psihološka, je enaka ne glede na to, ali pomoč zagotavlja neposredno ali prek ustanov, ki jih ustanovi ali z njimi sodeluje.
by a third party which will also have decided the purpose of its institution.
V skladu s členom 57 zakona o CPAS obveznost zagotavljanja take pomoči v vseh primerih velja (le) za CPAS.
In the latter two cases, the CPAS will delegate (part of) its social aid obligation solely in so far as this is consistent with the purpose of the collaborating institution.
Vse oblike prenosa so ureditve za izvajanje te obveznosti in CPAS ne odvezujejo obveznosti zagotavljanja, da obveznost je in bo še naprej izpolnjena.
On the one hand, if the institution is set up by the CPAS, it will control this purpose.
Zahteve, ki veljajo, kadar želi CPAS ustanoviti ustanovo ali službo (kot je bolnišnica) za izvajanje (dela) naloge CPAS, tj. zagotavljanje socialne pomoči, so določene v členu 60(6) zakona o CPAS:
In the case of an entirely third-party institution, on the other hand, the collaboration will be limited by the purpose of this institution.
„Kadar je na podlagi obstoječe sheme potrebno in primerno, CPAS ustanovi, oblikuje in upravlja socialne, kurativne in preventivne ustanove in službe.
The legal obligation on the CPAS to provide social aid, whether material, social, medical, medico-social or psychological, is the same no matter whether it provides the aid directly or through institutions that it creates or with which it collaborates.
Potreba po ustanovitvi ali oblikovanju ustanove ali službe mora temeljiti na dokumentaciji, ki vključuje oceno potreb občine in/ali regije in potreb podobnih ustanov ali služb, ki že delujejo, opis njihovega delovanja, natančno oceno lastne cene in povezanih izdatkov in, če je mogoče, informacije, ki omogočajo primerjavo s podobnimi ustanovami ali službami.
Article 57 of the Loi CPAS imposes the obligation to provide such aid on the CPAS (alone) in all cases.
Odločitev o ustanovitvi ali oblikovanju ustanov ali služb, ki bodo morda prejele subvencije za naložbe ali tekoče poslovanje, se lahko sprejme le na podlagi dokumentacije, ki dokazuje, da bodo pogoji iz sistemskega zakona ali predpisov o dodelitvi takih subvencij izpolnjeni.
Any forms of delegation are arrangements for the exercise of this obligation and do not exempt the CPAS from its responsibility to ensure that its obligation is — and continues to be — fulfilled.
Ne glede na dovoljenje, ki ga je treba pridobiti od drugih javnih organov, je treba takoj, ko bi lahko odločitev o ustanovitvi ali oblikovanju ustanove ali službe vključevala prispevek iz občinskih proračunskih sredstev ali dodatna občinska proračunska sredstva, pridobiti odobritev občinskega sveta.“
The requirements that apply when a CPAS wants to create an institution or service (such as a hospital) for the performance of (part of) the CPAS mission to provide social aid are set out in Article 60(6) of the Loi CPAS:
Obveznost iz člena 57 zakona o CPAS glede zagotavljanja (socialne, zdravniške, zdravstveno-socialne ali psihološke) pomoči osebam in družinam:
‘Where necessary and if appropriate under an existing scheme, the CPAS shall set up, develop and manage social, curative and preventive establishments and services.
je splošna: pomoč se zagotovi ne glede na ideološka, filozofska ali verska prepričanja upravičenca (člen 59 zakona o CPAS) in njegovo morebitno pomanjkanje sredstev.
The need to create or develop an establishment or service must be based on documentation including an evaluation of the needs of the municipality and/or region and of similar establishments or services already in existence, a description of their operation, an accurate assessment of the cost price and expenditure involved and, if possible, information allowing a comparison with similar establishments or services.
CPAS ima poseben namen zagotavljanja pomoči ob upoštevanju socialno šibkega položaja osebe.
The creation or development of establishments or services that will potentially receive either investment or operating subsidies can only be decided on the basis of documentation showing that the conditions laid down in the organic law or regulations on the granting of such subsidies will be satisfied.
Na podlagi tega za vsak CPAS velja obveznost zagotavljanja pomoči vsem, in če za izpolnjevanje svoje naloge ustanovi ustanovo ali službo, bo zanjo veljala enako obveznost,
Notwithstanding the authorisation to be obtained from other public authorities, as soon as the decision to create or develop an establishment or service might entail a contribution from or addition to the municipal budget, it shall require the approval of the municipal council.’
ni časovno omejena: pomoč se zagotavlja, dokler obstaja socialna potreba.
The obligation in Article 57 of the Loi CPAS to provide individuals and families with aid (of social, medical, medico-social or psychological nature) is:
CPAS mora torej zagotoviti kontinuiteto pomoči in s tem ustanove ali službe, ki jo zagotavljajo.
General: aid is to be provided irrespective of the ideological, philosophical or religious beliefs of the beneficiary (Article 59 of the Loi CPAS) and the person's possible lack of means.
Na podlagi načela občinske avtonomije vsak CPAS v svoji zadevni občini sprejme samostojno odločitev glede najustreznejšega načina za izpolnjevanje svoje obveznosti zagotavljanja socialne pomoči (vključno z zdravniško pomočjo), pri čemer upošteva zakon o CPAS.
The CPAS has the specific purpose of providing aid in view of the person's state of poverty.
Ustavna izbira glede organizacije socialne pomoči na občinski ravni izhaja tudi iz želje in potrebe po vzpostavitvi politike socialne pomoči, ki je čim bolj povezana s prebivalstvom.
On this basis, each CPAS has the obligation to provide aid to all, and if it sets up an institution or service to fulfil its task the latter will necessarily have the same obligation.
Ko se CPAS odloči za ustanovitev kurativne zdravstvene ustanove, ki je namenjena izpolnjevanju zdravstvenih potreb lokalnega prebivalstva, delovanje tako ustanovljene ustanove poleg zakona o CPAS ureja tudi zvezni regulativni okvir za bolnišnice (za ta okvir glej uvodno izjavo 32), ki velja za vse bolnišnice ne glede na njihov status (javne ali zasebne) in zagotavlja skupni organizacijski sistem za vso državo.
Not subject to time limits: the aid is to be provided for as long as the social need exists.
Osnovni namen bolnišnic, ki jih ustanovi CPAS, kot so bolnišnice IRIS, je v nasprotju z zasebnimi bolnišnicami vedno prispevati k zagotavljanju socialne pomoči.
The CPAS is therefore obliged to ensure the continuity of the aid and hence of the institution or service that provides it.
Točna narava obveznosti zagotavljanja socialne pomoči, ki veljajo za bolnišnice IRIS (glej tudi oddelek 7.3.4.1), je določena v statutih bolnišnic IRIS in strateških načrtih združenja IRIS v skladu z zahtevami iz zakona o CPAS (zlasti členov 120 in 135d).
On the basis of the principle of municipal autonomy, each CPAS in its respective municipality takes an autonomous decision, whilst complying with the Loi CPAS, as to the most appropriate means of fulfilling its obligation to provide social aid (including medical aid).
Občine morajo na podlagi člena 106 zakona o CPAS kriti primanjkljaj svojega CPAS, kadar ta nima dovolj sredstev za kritje izdatkov, povezanih z izvajanjem svoje obveznosti zagotavljanja socialne pomoči.
The constitutional choice to organise social aid at the municipal level is also driven by the wish and need to establish a social aid policy that is as close as possible to the population.
Ustanovitev bolnišnic IRIS
When a CPAS decides to set up a curative healthcare institution in order to cater for the healthcare needs of the local population, the institution thus created is regulated both by the Loi CPAS and the federal regulatory framework for hospitals (see recital 32 for this framework), which applies to all hospitals regardless of their status (public or private) and ensures a common organisational system for the whole country.
Kot je bilo pojasnjeno (glej uvodno izjavo 15), socialna pomoč, ki jo zagotavljajo CPAS, vključuje zdravniško in zdravstveno-socialno pomoč, lahko pa je preventivna in kurativna.
Unlike private hospitals, the primary purpose of hospitals established by a CPAS, such as the IRIS-H, is however always to contribute to the provision of social aid.
Tako pomoč (i) lahko zagotovijo neposredno CPAS, (ii) lahko se zagotovi prek tretje osebe (kot je zasebna bolnišnica) v skladu z njihovo zakonsko predpisano avtonomijo ali, (iii) zlasti, če želi CPAS nadzorovati načine za doseganje navedenih ciljev, se lahko zagotovi z ustanovitvijo ustanove ali službe za opravljanje dela njegove naloge (ki bo nato opredeljena v statutu zadevne ustanove ali službe, pri bolnišnicah IRIS pa tudi v strateških načrtih združenja IRIS (glej uvodni izjavi 16 in (21)).
The exact nature of the social aid obligations that apply to the IRIS-H (see also Section 7.3.4.1) is specified in the bylaws of the IRIS-H and the IRIS strategic plans in line with the requirements of the Loi CPAS (in particular in its Articles 120 and 135 quinquies).
Da bi CPAS izpolnili svojo nalogo na področju zdravstvene oskrbe, so ustanovili bolnišnice v več belgijskih mestih in občinah, ki jih še naprej (so)upravljajo.
Finally, on the basis of Article 106 of the Loi CPAS, municipalities are required to cover the deficit of their CPAS when the latter does not have sufficient resources to cover the expenditures connected to the provision of its social aid obligation.
V preteklosti so CPAS in zadevnih šest bruseljskih občin [18] zagotavljali socialno pomoč zdravniške in zdravstveno-socialne narave prek osmih javnih bolnišnic [19] na osmih lokacijah.
The creation of the IRIS hospitals
Te bolnišnice, ki niso bile pravne osebe, je neposredno upravljal zadevni CPAS.
As explained above (see recital 15), the social aid provided by the CPAS includes medical and medico-social assistance, and can be both of preventive and curative nature.
Zato je bilo jasno, da so te bolnišnice prispevale k izpolnjevanju obveznosti zagotavljanja socialne pomoči zadevnih CPAS.
Such assistance may be provided either (i) directly by the CPAS, or, (ii) through a third party (such as a private hospital) in accordance with their statutory autonomy, or, (iii) particularly if the CPAS wishes to control the means of achieving those objectives, by creating an institution or service to perform part of its mission (which will then be defined in the bylaws of that institution or service and in the case of the IRIS-H also in the IRIS strategic plans (see recitals 16 and 21).
Vendar so v prvi polovici 90. let prejšnjega stoletja bruseljski javni organi ugotovili, da strukturne pomanjkljivosti teh bolnišnic ogrožajo njihovo kontinuiteto.
To achieve their mission in the field of medical assistance, the CPAS have set up and continue to (co-)manage hospitals in several Belgian cities and municipalities.
Ti organi so se, da bi zagotovili kontinuiteto in operativnost (belgijski organi to imenujejo pérennité), odločili za prestrukturiranje teh bolnišnic.
Historically, the CPAS in the six Brussels municipalities concerned [18] have provided social assistance of medical and socio-medical nature themselves via eight public hospitals [19] spread over eight different sites.
Prvi korak prestrukturiranja se je izvedel 19. maja 1994, ko so belgijska zvezna vlada, regija glavnega mesta Bruselj in bruseljska Commission Communautaire commune podpisali sporazum o sodelovanju pri bolnišnični politiki.
These hospitals were managed directly by the respective CPAS and did not have legal personality.
V tem sporazumu je bilo predvideno izvajanje sporazuma o prestrukturiranju, da bi se zagotovila kontinuiteta javnih in lokalnih bolnišničnih storitev.
Hence, it was clear that these hospitals contributed to fulfilling the social aid obligation of the respective CPAS.
V členu 2 navedenega sporazuma o sodelovanju je navedeno:
However, in the first half of the 1990s, the Brussels public authorities found that the structural deficits of these hospitals jeopardised their continuity.
„Ta sporazum o prestrukturiranju mora izpolnjevati naslednje pogoje:
To ensure the continuity and viability (referred to as pérennité by the Belgian authorities) of the Brussels public hospitals, these authorities decided to restructure these hospitals.
po eni strani mora zagotoviti, da se ohrani posebni značaj javnih bolnišnic, med drugim z izbiro pravnih struktur in usklajevanjem, ki zagotavljajo prevlado javnega sektorja v organih upravljanja in postopkih odločanja, po drugi strani pa lokalno podlago z večjo zastopanostjo neposredno izvoljenih članov v sestavi organov upravljanja“ [20].