natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The modified AGL relief in Northern Ireland
Olajšava je bila določena na 80 % dajatve na agregate, ki jo je treba običajno plačati, in naj bi bila prehodna ureditev.
This decision concerns exclusively the modified AGL relief in Northern Ireland, which was applied to virgin aggregate extracted in Northern Ireland and commercially exploited there and processed products from virgin aggregate extracted in Northern Ireland commercially exploited there.
Ta nova ureditev je začela veljati 1. aprila 2004 in naj bi veljala do 31. marca 2011 (tj. devet let od uvedbe dajatve na agregate 1. aprila 2002).
Modification
Izvajanje sheme olajšave je bilo prekinjeno 1. decembra 2010.
As explained in recitals 12 to 14 of the Opening Decision, the United Kingdom considered that the special circumstances in Northern Ireland called for the enlargement of the scope of the relief from the AGL in Northern Ireland.
Okoljevarstveni sporazumi
The original relief scheme (phased introduction of the AGL) was modified.
Da bi se zastavljeni okoljski cilji učinkoviteje dosegli, je Združeno kraljestvo za olajšavo določilo pogoj, da podjetja, ki jo želijo uveljavljati, formalno sklenejo in spoštujejo sporazume z Združenim kraljestvom, ki se sklenejo na podlagi pogajanj in podjetja med trajanjem olajšave zavezujejo k sodelovanju pri programu izboljšanja okoljske učinkovitosti.
The relief applied to all types of virgin aggregate, i.e. not only to aggregates used in the manufacturing of processed products, as it was the case for the original relief in Decision N863/01, but also to virgin aggregates used directly in the raw state [10].
Najpomembnejša merila za vključitev v shemo so bila naslednja:
The relief was set at 80 % of the AGL level otherwise payable, and was intended to be a transitional arrangement.
za vsak upravičeni kamnolom je bilo treba pridobiti potrebno(-a) dovoljenje(-a) za projektiranje in zakonska okoljska dovoljenja itd. ter
It came into effect on 1 April 2004 and was supposed to continue until 31 March 2011 (i.e. 9 years from the start of the AGL on 1 April 2002).
upravljavec kamnoloma se je moral zavezati k režimu okoljske presoje.
The relief scheme was suspended on 1 December 2010.
Prvo okoljsko presojo je bilo treba naročiti in predložiti v 12 mesecih od datuma vključitve v shemo in jo posodobiti vsake 2 leti po tem.
Environmental agreements
Vsak sporazum je bil individualno prilagojen okoliščinam kamnoloma, pri čemer so se upoštevali na primer veljavni standardi in možnosti za izboljšave.
In order to more effectively achieve the intended environmental objectives, the United Kingdom made the relief conditional upon claimants formally entering into and complying with negotiated agreements with the United Kingdom, committing the claimants to a programme of environmental performance improvements over the duration of the relief.
Zajeta področja učinkovitosti so vključevala kakovost zraka, arheološko vrednost, geološko in biotsko raznovrstnost, razstreljevanje, odgovornost do skupnosti, prah, energetsko učinkovitost, podtalnico, vpetost v pokrajino in vizualno vključitev, hrup, skladiščenje nafte in kemikalij ter ravnanje z njimi, obnovo in sanacijo, uporabo alternativ primarnim agregatom, površinsko vodo, učinke prevoza zunaj območja kamnoloma ter ravnanje z odpadki.
The key criteria for entry into the scheme were that:
Ministrstvo za okolje (Department of Environment) Severne Irske je bilo odgovorno za spremljanje skladnosti z navedenimi sporazumi, olajšava pa je bila odvzeta podjetjem, pri katerih so bile ugotovljene znatne pomanjkljivosti.
the requisite planning permission(s) and environmental regulatory permits, etc. had to be in place for each eligible site; and
Stroški proizvodnje agregatov, prodajna cena in cenovna elastičnost povpraševanja
the site operator was required to ‘sign-up’ to a regime of environmental audits.
V zvezi s stroški proizvodnje agregatov je Združeno kraljestvo pojasnilo, da se od kamnoloma do kamnoloma močno razlikujejo in da enako velja za cene [11].
The first audit had to be commissioned and submitted within 12 months of the date of entry to the scheme and updated every 2 years, thereafter.
Povprečne prodajne cene franko kamnolom za različne razrede agregatov so povzete v preglednici 1 [12].
Each agreement was individually tailored to the circumstances of the quarry, taking into account, for example, current standards and scope for improvement.
Stopnje dobička so se prav tako razlikovale, industrija pa je ocenila, da je značilna stopnja znašala od 2 % do 5 %.
The areas of performance covered were: air quality; archaeology and geo-diversity; biodiversity; blasting; community responsibility; dust; energy efficiency; groundwater; landscape and visual intrusion; noise; oil and chemical storage and handling; restoration and aftercare; use of alternatives to primary aggregates; surface water; off-site effects of transport; and waste management.
Preglednica 1
The Department of Environment in Northern Ireland was responsible for monitoring those agreements, and the relief was withdrawn for those firms having significant shortcomings.
Prodajna cena
Aggregates production costs, selling price and price elasticity of demand
Vrsta kamnine
As regards the aggregates production costs, the United Kingdom explained that they varied significantly from quarry to quarry and that the same would be valid for the prices [11].
Cena franko kamnolom pred davki (GBP/tono)
Profit margins were again variable, but the industry estimated that 2 % to 5 % was a typical level.
Peščenec
Table 1
Apnenec
Selling price
Pesek in prod
Type of rock
Drugo
Price ex-quarry before tax (GBP/tonne)
Tehtana povprečna cena
Basalt
Združeno kraljestvo je po objavi sklepa o začetku postopka predložilo dodatne informacije o stroških proizvodnje agregatov na Severnem Irskem in v Veliki Britaniji.
Sandstone
Stroški električne energije in dovoljenj za projektiranje so na Severnem Irskem višji kot v Veliki Britaniji.
Limestone
Malo ali srednje podjetje na Severnem Irskem za električno energijo v povprečju plača približno 14 penijev/kWh, podobno velika podjetja v celotnem Združenem kraljestvu pa 11 penijev/kWh.
Sand & Gravel
Veliki in zelo veliki potrošniki električne energije na Severnem Irskem v povprečju plačajo 10 penijev/kWh, medtem ko taki potrošniki v celotnem Združenem kraljestvu plačajo približno 8 penijev/kWh.
Other
Ocene, ki jih je predložila industrija, kažejo, da stroški električne energije in goriva znašajo od 30 do 46 penijev na tono proizvedenega agregata.
Weighted average price
Poleg tega imajo kamnolomi na Severnem Irskem bistveno višje stroške projektiranja kot podobni kamnolomi v Veliki Britaniji in Republiki Irski.
Following the Opening Decision, the United Kingdom provided further information as regards the productions costs of the aggregates in Northern Ireland and Great Britain.
Združeno kraljestvo je predložilo primerjave stroškov v podporo navedeni trditvi.
There are higher costs of electricity and planning permission in Northern Ireland compared with Great Britain.
Glede splošne razlike v ravneh cen med Severno Irsko in Veliko Britanijo je Združeno kraljestvo pojasnilo, da dobavitelji na Severnem Irskem nikoli niso mogli zaračunati enakih cen kot dobavitelji v Veliki Britaniji.
Electricity costs a small/medium sized firm in Northern Ireland an average of around 14p/kWh and 11p/kWh for similarly sized firms in the United Kingdom as a whole.
Ta nezmožnost prenosa stroškov na stranke je bila pomemben zgodovinski dejavnik pri pomanjkanju naložb v izboljšave na področju varstva okolja in jo je mogoče pojasniti z gospodarskimi (razdrobljenost trga) in geološkimi dejavniki.
Large and very large consumers of electricity in Northern Ireland will pay, on average, 10p/kWh, compared with around 8p/kWh in the United Kingdom as a whole.
Združeno kraljestvo je po objavi sklepa o začetku postopka predložilo podrobnejše informacije v zvezi s povprečnimi cenami agregatov.
Estimates provided by the industry suggest that electricity and fuel costs would make up between 30-46p for each tonne of aggregate produced.
Razen v primeru posebnih dragocenih agregatnih materialov agregatov očitno ni gospodarno prevažati s Severne Irske v Veliko Britanijo, kar velja tudi za daljše prevoze znotraj Velike Britanije, na primer s Škotske v London.
The United Kingdom provided cost comparisons in support of that statement.
Preglednica 2 [13]Povprečne cene franko kamnolom
As regards, in general, the difference in price levels between Northern Ireland and Great Britain, the United Kingdom had explained that suppliers in Northern Ireland have never been able to charge the same price as in Great Britain.
Leto
The United Kingdom had illustrated this by way of average aggregates prices in Northern Ireland and Great Britain between 2001 and 2008.
Cena na tono na Severnem Irskem (GBP)
The levy at the full rate would therefore have represented a much higher proportion of the selling price in an already suppressed market.
Cena na tono v Veliki Britaniji (GBP)
This inability to pass on costs to customers has been a significant historic factor in the lack of investment in environmental improvement and is explained by economic (fragmentation of the market) and geological factors.
pesek in prod
Following the Opening Decision, the United Kingdom provided more detailed information in regard to the average aggregates prices.
drobir
Apparently, except in the case of highly valuable, specialist aggregate materials, it is not economical to transport aggregates from Northern Ireland to Great Britain or even within Great Britain from Scotland, for example, for use in London.
Podrobnejše informacije o cenah potrjujejo ugotovitev, ki jo je Združeno kraljestvo že navedlo (uvodna izjava 26), tj. da bi polna stopnja dajatve na agregate pomenila veliko večji delež prodajne cene na trgu, ki je bil že oslabljen.
Table 2 shows average ex-quarry prices in Northern Ireland and in Great Britain between 2006 and 2011, in the case of Northern Ireland, and 2012 in the case of Great Britain.
Podatki kažejo, da agregati iz peska in proda ali drobirja s Severne Irske ne bi mogli tekmovati s povprečnimi cenami v Veliki Britaniji, če se upoštevajo stroški prevoza po morju v višini […] [14] GBP na tono.
Table 2 [13]Average ex-quarry prices
Nizke cene agregatov na splošno preprečujejo njihovo prodajo na oddaljenih trgih, saj bi potovanje, dolgo […] milj ([…] km), tudi ob stroških v višini […] GBP na tono zvišalo ceno franko tovarna za skoraj […] %.
Year
Verjetno je, da bi manj oddaljen kamnolom v večini primerov lahko ponudil konkurenčnejšo ceno.
Price per tonne in Northern Ireland (GBP)
Združeno kraljestvo je pojasnilo, da cenovna elastičnost povpraševanja po agregatih znaša od 0,2 do 0,5.
Price per tonne in Great Britain (GBP)
Pregled podatkov o količini in cenah agregatov za Veliko Britanijo in Severno Irsko, ki ga je predložilo Združeno kraljestvo, kaže, da je cenovna elastičnost večine vrst agregatov znašala od skoraj nič do približno 0,52.
sand and gravel
Združeno kraljestvo je po objavi sklepa o začetku postopka pokazalo, da ocene cenovne elastičnosti povpraševanja za otok Velika Britanija ne veljajo za Severno Irsko zaradi razlik med tema trgoma.
crushed rocks
Zato podatki, ki so bili predloženi na začetku, niso pomembni za trg Severne Irske.
The more detailed information regarding pricing point to the same conclusion the UK had previously reported (recital 26), i.e. that the AGL at the full rate would therefore have represented a much higher proportion of the selling price in an already suppressed market.
Združeno kraljestvo je navedlo, da je poskušalo določiti elastičnost izključno za Severno Irsko, vendar ni imelo ustreznih podatkov za izračun.
The data shows that sand and gravel or crushed rock aggregate material from Northern Ireland would be unable to compete with average prices in Great Britain once the GBP […] [14] tonne costs of transporting it over by sea are taken into account.
Združeno kraljestvo je po objavi sklepa o začetku postopka predložilo informacije, ki kažejo, kako razlike v cenah vplivajo na povpraševanje na trgu Severne Irske.
The low price of aggregate in general precludes its sale in far-away markets as, even at GBP […] a tonne, a journey of […] miles would add almost […] % to the ex-quarry price.
Informacije za te namene so zagotovila štiri od petih največjih podjetij v sektorju upravljanja kamnolomov na Severnem Irskem.
It is likely, in most instances, that a closer quarry would be able to offer a more competitive price.
Stroški prevoza običajno omejujejo trge, na katere lahko kamnolomi prodajajo proizvode po konkurenčnih cenah, zato je bilo težko določiti neposredno povezavo med cenami in tržnimi deleži.
As regards the price elasticity of demand, the United Kingdom had explained, that the price elasticity of demand for aggregates ranges from 0,2 to 0,5.
Povpraševanje in tržni delež se pogosteje odzivata na začetek ali konec velikih gradbenih projektov na lokalnem območju kot na nacionalne razlike v cenah.
The United Kingdom' examination of aggregates quantity and price data for Great Britain and Northern Ireland suggested that for most types of aggregates the price elasticity ranged from close to zero to about 0,52.
Poleg tega podjetja, ki imajo največje tržne deleže na Severnem Irskem, včasih prodajajo posebne proizvode višje kakovosti, zato primerjava med proizvajalci za določitev trendov na trgu ne bi bila točna.
Following the Opening Decision, the United Kingdom showed that estimates of the price elasticity of demand for the mainland of the United Kingdom cannot, be applied to Northern Ireland due to the differences between the two markets.
Kljub temu podatki Združenega kraljestva kažejo, da razlike v cenah vplivajo na povpraševanje, vendar na bolj lokalni ravni.
Therefore, the figures initially provided are not relevant for the Northern Ireland market.
Podjetja, ki delujejo blizu meje z Republiko Irsko, tj. so od meje oddaljena največ približno 23 milj (37 km), so zabeležila bistveno zmanjšanje prodaje, ko so zvišala svoje cene.
The United Kingdom indicated that they tried to determine the elasticity applicable solely for Northern Ireland, but that relevant data for the calculation were missing.
Predloženi so bili podrobni podatki v zvezi s podjetjema […] in […].
Following the Opening Decision, the United Kingdom provided information showing how price differences affect demand on the Northern Ireland market.
Preglednica 3
Information was received for such purposes from four out of the five largest firms in the quarrying industry in Northern Ireland.
Vpliv sprememb cen v kamnolomu podjetij […] in […] […] od leta 2009 do leta 2013
As transportation costs tend to limit the market into which quarries can sell products at competitive prices, a direct correlation between prices and market shares was difficult to establish.
Tone
Demand and market share are more likely to respond to the commencement or completion of large construction projects in the local area than nationwide price differences.
Prodaja
Nevertheless, the United Kingdom shows that price differences do affect demand, but rather on a more local basis.
Obrati za proizvodnjo predelanih proizvodov blizu meje z Republiko Irsko so prav tako zabeležili pomemben upad prodaje, ko so poskušali v celoti prenesti stroške dajatve na agregate.
Companies that operate near the border with the Republic of Ireland, i.e. within approximately 23 miles of the border, showed that they experienced significant reductions in sales when they increased their prices.
Na primer, obseg proizvodnje podjetja […] v […], ki je od meje oddaljeno samo eno miljo (1,6 km), se je po zvišanju cen materialov podjetja zmanjšal z […] m3 leta 2005 na samo […] m3 leta 2013.
Specific data were provided in regard to […] and […].
Združeno kraljestvo je predložilo tudi podatke o ponudbenih cenah za javna naročila v obdobju 2007–2013 za agregate, ki jih je kupila služba za ceste Northern Ireland Roads Procurement Department (preglednica 4), vključno s stroški prevoza do lokalnih skladišč službe.
Table 3 shows the impact of price changes at […] and […]'s […] site between 2009 and 2013 showing significant reduction in sales volumes and revenues following the removal of the suspension of the relief in 2010.
Iz podatkov je jasno razvidno, da so se cene po letu 2010, ko je bila opuščena olajšava za dajatev na agregate, bodisi znižale, v nekaterih primerih drastično, bodisi nekoliko zvišale, vendar je bilo to zvišanje veliko nižje od polne stopnje dajatve na agregate, tj. 1,95 GBP.
When attempting to pass on the levy in full, […] and […]'s […] site lost […] % of its sales — a significant reduction.
To kaže, da proizvajalci agregatov na Severnem Irskem tudi pri javni prodaji niso mogli prenesti dajatve na agregate na svoje stranke.
Table 3
To je še bolj očitno glede na to, da je gospodarska recesija verjetno manj vplivala na javni sektor in da se je delež splošnega povpraševanja po agregatih za gradbena dela v javnem sektorju, kot so dela službe za ceste Roads Department, povečal.
The impact of price changes at […] and […]'s […] site between 2009 and 2013
Preglednica 4
Sales
Drobljenec 10 mm (GBP)
Avg Price
Pesek za beton (GBP)
Processed product sites close to the border with the Republic of Ireland also experienced significant reductions in their sales when attempting to pass on the costs of the aggregates levy in full.
Kamen tipa 3 (GBP)
For example, […]'s […] in […], which is only a mile from the border, saw its production fall from […] m3 in 2005 to only […] m3 in 2013, following an increase in the prices of its materials.
Trg agregatov na Severnem Irskem
Moreover, the United Kingdom provided information showing the evolution of infrastructure and other public sector work between 2000 and 2012.
Ker so bili do olajšave za dajatev na agregate upravičeni samo kamnolomi na Severnem Irskem, ne pa kamnolomi v preostalem delu Združenega kraljestva, je Združeno kraljestvo predložilo informacije o tem, zakaj sta trg agregatov na Severnem Irskem in splošni trg Združenega kraljestva različna geografska trga ter v čem se razlikujeta.
The evolution shows an increase in public work output in the period 2007 to 2009 followed by a decrease and a slight increase in 2012.
Informacije Združenega kraljestva kažejo, da sta trga agregatov na Severnem Irskem in v Veliki Britaniji ločena trga, ki se močno razlikujeta in le malo vplivata eden na drugega.
However, the Commission notes that construction works in general have been influenced by the economic downturn, therefore, such trends cannot be taken into consideration on a stand-alone basis as they may be due to the economic environment and trends in the construction market.
Trgi agregatov so običajno lokalne narave zaradi razmeroma visokih stroškov prevoza materiala glede na njegovo prodajno ceno.
The United Kingdom also provided tender prices for the period 2007 to 2013 for aggregates purchased by the Northern Ireland Roads Procurement Department (Table 4) including the costs of transportation to the local Roads Department depots.
Združeno kraljestvo je na podlagi razpoložljivih podatkov ministrstva za promet izračunalo, da povprečni stroški prevoza ene tone agregata po cesti znašajo 0,855 GBP na tono na miljo.
The data clearly shows that after 2010, when the AGL relief was suspended, the prices either decreased, sometimes dramatically, or slightly increased, but to a much lesser extent than the amount of the full rate AGL, GBP 1,95.
Nizke cene agregatnih proizvodov pomenijo, da so v primeru prevoza na dolge razdalje agregatni proizvodi manj konkurenčni kot materiali iz kamnolomov, ki so od stranke manj oddaljeni.
That shows that even as regards public sales the Northern Ireland aggregates producers could not pass on the AGL to their customers.
Poleg tega so izvozniki agregatnih materialov ocenili, da bi stroški prevoza agregatov po morju s Severne Irske v Veliko Britanijo znašali približno […] GBP na tono.
This is more evident as the public sector is less likely to have been affected by the economic downturn and public sector construction work, such as that carried out by the Roads Department, increased its share of the overall demand for aggregates.
Prevozu po morju bi se nato dodal potrebni cestni prevoz od kamnoloma do pristanišča in od namembnih pristanišč do kraja uporabe.
Table 4
Podatki Združenega kraljestva nadalje kažejo, da prevoz agregatov med navedenima regijama ni gospodaren, razen v primeru posebnih barvnih kamnin ali dražjih agregatnih materialov.
Tender prices for the period 2007 to 2013 for aggregates purchased by the Northern Ireland Roads Procurement Department
Ocenjuje se, da bi bilo treba tudi za take materiale verjetno prišteti dodatne stroške v višini […]–[…] GBP na tono za cestni prevoz od pristanišča v Veliki Britaniji do najbližjih obratov za proizvodnjo asfalta.
10 mm chippings (GBP)
Oskrba z agregati se med Severno Irsko in Veliko Britanijo močno razlikuje zaradi razpoložljivosti materialov in števila različnih upravljavcev kamnolomov.
Sand for concrete (GBP)
Zaradi svoje geološke narave se Severna Irska ponaša z veliko večjo raznolikostjo kamnin kot katera koli regija primerljive velikosti v Združenem kraljestvu.
Type 3 stone (GBP)
Kamnolomi so razmeroma enakomerno razporejeni po vsej Severni Irski.
Northern Ireland Aggregates Market
Medtem ko imajo različne grofije večja nahajališča nekaterih vrst kamnin, so agregati iz drobirja večinoma zamenljivi, zato je na celotnem ozemlju na voljo obilica kamnin, primernih za uporabo v obliki agregatov.
As only Northern Ireland quarries benefited from the AGL relief and not the rest of the United Kingdom, the United Kingdom provided information on why the aggregates market of Northern Ireland is a different geographical market than the United Kingdom's general market and where the differences lie.
V nasprotju s tem otok Velika Britanija nima enake geološke raznolikosti.
The United Kingdom shows that the markets for aggregates in Northern Ireland and in Great Britain are separate and distinct from each other, with very little interplay.
Zaradi raznolikih in bogatih nahajališč kamnin, ki so enakomerno razporejena po vsej deželi in so v bližini vseh glavnih trgov, ima Severna Irska veliko večjo oskrbo z zamenljivimi proizvodi kot trg v Veliki Britaniji.
The market for aggregates tends to be local in nature due to the relatively high cost of transporting the material in relation to its selling price.
Zato je konkurenca na Severnem Irskem večja, tamkajšnji proizvajalci agregatov pa imajo manjše možnosti za zvišanje svojih cen.
Using data available from the Department for Transport, the United Kingdom calculated that the average cost of transporting a tonne of aggregate by road amounts to GBP 0,855 per tonne per mile.
Kot je navedlo Združeno kraljestvo, veliko večji delež neodvisnih kamnolomov in veliko število kamnolomov na kvadratni kilometer na Severnem Irskem prav tako pomenita večjo konkurenco med dobavitelji agregatov.
The low price of aggregates products means that lengthy journeys will make aggregate products less competitive than material sourced from quarries which are more local to the customer.
V Veliki Britaniji pet glavnih podjetij pokriva več kot 75 % celotne oskrbe z agregati [15].
Moreover, exporters of aggregate material have estimated that the cost of transporting aggregate by sea between Northern Ireland and Great Britain would be approximately GBP[…] per tonne.
V nasprotju s tem pet največjih podjetij Severne Irske predstavlja samo približno 39 % celotne proizvodnje agregatov na Severnem Irskem.
The sea freight would then be supplemented with the necessary road freight from the quarry to the port and from the wharves of arrival to the place of use.
Podatki Združenega kraljestva kažejo, da so na obeh navedenih trgih različni trendi povpraševanja, saj je bil upad povpraševanja po agregatih med gospodarsko recesijo in po njej veliko večji na Severnem Irskem kot v Veliki Britaniji.
The United Kingdom further shows that the transportation of aggregate between the two regions is uneconomical except in the case of more specialist coloured stone or higher priced aggregate materials.
Nadalje, ko se gradbena dejavnost in povpraševanje po agregatih zmanjšata, se poveča tekmovanje upravljavcev kamnolomov za preostalo povpraševanje.