natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
It is clear from all the above that, in order to apply the MEO test to the marketing services agreements in question, these agreements must be analysed together with the corresponding airport services agreements, as they form a single transaction with the latter, and that the Operator’s conduct must be assessed in relation to the conduct of a hypothetical MEO operating Nîmes airport in their place.
Če bi bila ta trditev upoštevana, bi bilo dejansko treba prezreti pristop, ki temelji na dodatni donosnosti in je priporočen v smernicah, ter sprejeti, da je lahko družba VTAN sklepala pogodbe, ki ustvarjajo negativno dodatno donosnost, ne da bi tako ravnanje pomenilo gospodarsko prednost za družbo Ryanair.
In analysing each of the transactions in question, the benefits that this hypothetical MEO, motivated by the prospect of profits, could expect from the marketing services should be determined.
Vendar je treba to trditev zavrniti.
This analysis should not take into account the general impact of such services on the region’s tourism and economic activity.
Najprej, kot je bilo predhodno navedeno, niti Francija niti družba VTAN nista predložili analize, iz katere bi bilo razvidno, da bi se v takem položaju „čisti dodatni strošek“, ki bi nastal za družbo Veolia Transport zaradi pogodb z družbo Ryanair/AMS, povrnil s prihodnjimi dobički za družbo Veolia Transport, izhajajočimi iz teh prvih izkušenj z upravljanjem letališč.
Only the effects of these services on the airport’s profitability may be considered, as it is these alone that would be taken into account by the hypothetical MEO used in this analysis.
Niti ni dokazov, da družba Veolia Transport teh prvih izkušenj ne bi mogla pridobiti na drugem letališču, kjer bi bil čisti strošek nižji.
Marketing services may boost passenger traffic on the air routes covered by the marketing services agreements and corresponding airport services agreements, as they are designed to promote these routes.
Poleg tega je treba opozoriti, da se ravnanje družbe VTAN v razmerju do družbe Ryanair/AMS ne sme ocenjevati ločeno, temveč skupaj z ravnanjem sindikata.
Although this effect primarily benefits the airline, it does also benefit the airport operator.
To je toliko pomembnejše, ker „čistega dodatnega stroška“ zaradi pogodb, sklenjenih z družbama Ryanair in AMS, dejansko ni bilo treba financirati družbi VTAN, temveč ga je s pavšalnim prispevkom, ki zagotavlja uravnoteženo upravljanje in razumno korist za družbo VTAN, financiral sindikat.
An increase in passenger traffic may lead, for the airport operator, to an increase in revenue from certain airport charges and from non-aeronautical revenue from car parks, restaurants and other businesses.
Vendar sindikat z vidika svoje donosnosti ni imel interesa, da bi spodbudil sklenitev pogodb, na podlagi katerih bi lahko družba Veolia Transport pridobila prve izkušnje z upravljanjem letališč, da bi razvila svojo dejavnost na tem področju.
There can therefore be no doubt that a hypothetical MEO operating Nîmes airport would have taken this positive effect into account when considering entering into a marketing services agreement and the corresponding airport services agreement.
Glede na morebitni interes družbe Veolia Transport za razvoj navedene dejavnosti torej ni mogoče sklepati, da je sindikat skupaj z družbo VTAN ravnal tako, kot bi ravnal udeleženec v tržnem gospodarstvu, ki ga motivirajo obeti za dobiček.
The MEO would have taken into account the impact of the air routes in question on its future revenues and costs by, in this context, forecasting a number of passengers using these routes that would have reflected the positive effect of the marketing services.
Poleg tega je treba pripomniti, da so se nekatere zainteresirane tretje strani v pripombah k uporabi načela udeleženca v tržnem gospodarstvu za različne zadevne pogodbe sklicevale na to, da bi lahko bili pogoji, ponujeni družbi Ryanair, ponujeni ali pa tudi ne drugim letalskim prevoznikom, ki bi morda želeli uporabljati letališče Nîmes.
This effect would have been assessed for the entire operating period of the routes in question, as set out in the airport services agreement and marketing services agreement.
Ta trditev je brezpredmetna.
The Commission accepted this point during the procedure as, when it invited France to reconstruct the revenue and cost forecasts that an MEO would have made before entering into marketing services agreements and airport services agreements, it proposed that France take into account the effects of the marketing services agreements on expected traffic.
Z vidika upravljavca letališča, ki ga motivirajo obeti za dobiček, namreč lahko objektivni dejavniki upravičijo samo to, da so različnim letalskim prevoznikom ponujeni različni pogoji.
When an airport operator enters into an agreement for the promotion of certain air routes, it is normal to predict a fairly high load factor for the air routes in question, which may be taken into account when assessing future revenues.
Navesti je mogoče na primer obseg pričakovanega prometa, število in vrsto rut ter z njimi povezana pogostost letov ali pa naravo storitev, ki jih zahteva prevoznik.
In this respect, the Commission notes Ryanair’s opinion that marketing services agreements do not generate only a cost for the airport operator, but also, potentially, a benefit.
Koliko so bili ali bi lahko bili pogoji, ki sta jih zbornica in družba VTAN ponudili družbi Ryanair, ponujeni drugim letalskim prevoznikom, je torej v okviru načela udeleženca v tržnem gospodarstvu brezpredmetno.
It should be determined whether a hypothetical MEO could reasonably expect and quantify benefits other than those resulting from the positive effect on passenger traffic for the air routes covered by the marketing services agreement for the operating period of those routes, as set out in the marketing services agreement or airport services agreement.
Ob upoštevanju vsega navedenega Komisija meni, da je treba v obravnavanem primeru uporabiti pristop, ki je v novih smernicah na splošno priporočen za uporabo načela udeleženca v tržnem gospodarstvu v zvezi z razmerji med letališči in letalskimi prevozniki, in sicer predhodno analizo dodatne donosnosti.
Certain interested third parties support this argument, in particular Ryanair in its study of 17 January 2014.
Ta pristop je utemeljen z dejstvom, da ima lahko upravljavec letališča objektiven interes za sklenitev transakcije z letalskim prevoznikom, če lahko razumno pričakuje, da bo ta transakcija povečala njegove dobičke (ali zmanjšala njegove izgube) v primerjavi z nasprotnim položajem, v katerem se transakcija ne bi sklenila, ne glede na kakršno koli primerjavo s pogoji, ponujenimi drugim letalskim prevoznikom, ali s pogoji, ki jih ponujajo drugi upravljavci letališč.
This study of 17 January 2014 is based on the premise that marketing services purchased by an airport operator may help to improve the airport’s brand image and, as a result, to sustainably increase the number of passengers using this airport, and not just the numbers on the air routes covered by the marketing services agreement and the airport services agreement over the operating period set out in these agreements.
Sklepna ugotovitev o pravilih za uporabo načela udeleženca v tržnem gospodarstvu
In particular, Ryanair found in its study that these marketing services may have a lasting positive impact on passenger traffic at the airport, even after the marketing services agreement has expired.
Iz vsega navedenega izhaja, da mora Komisija za uporabo načela udeleženca v tržnem gospodarstvu v zvezi z obravnavanimi pogodbami vsako pogodbo o tržnih storitvah analizirati skupaj s pripadajočo pogodbo o letaliških storitvah in presoditi, ali bi hipotetični udeleženec v tržnem gospodarstvu, ki ga motivirajo obeti za dobiček in upravlja letališče Nîmes, sklenil ti pogodbi.
It should first be noted that there is nothing in the records to suggest that, when the marketing services agreements covered by the formal investigation procedure were signed, the Operators ever considered, and still less quantified, any positive effects of the marketing services agreements going beyond the air routes covered by these agreements or, in terms of time, extending beyond the expiry of these agreements.
Zato je treba opredeliti dodatno donosnost pogodb, kot bi jo udeleženec v tržnem gospodarstvu ocenil ob sklenitvi teh pogodb, in sicer z oceno naslednjih dejavnikov za celotno obdobje izvajanja pogodb:
Moreover, neither France nor the Operators have proposed any method for estimating the possible value that a hypothetical MEO operating Nîmes airport would have given to these effects when assessing whether to enter into the marketing services agreements and airport services agreements.
pričakovanega prihodnjega dodatnega prometa na podlagi izvajanja teh pogodb, po možnosti ob upoštevanju učinkov tržnih storitev na koeficiente zasedenosti na rutah, zajetih v pogodbah,
As stated above, the marketing services purchased from AMS were mainly targeted at those people likely to use the air routes covered by the marketing services agreement, namely only those scheduled air routes offered to Nîmes.
pričakovanih prihodnjih dodatnih prihodkov zaradi izvajanja teh pogodb, vključno s prihodki iz letaliških pristojbin in storitev zemeljske oskrbe, ustvarjenih na rutah, zajetih v teh pogodbah, ter prihodki iz neletalskih dejavnosti iz dodatnega prometa, ustvarjenega z izvajanjem teh pogodb, ter
Furthermore, the sustainability of these effects also seems very doubtful.
pričakovanih prihodnjih dodatnih stroškov zaradi izvajanja teh pogodb, vključno s stroški poslovanja in morebitnimi dodatnimi stroški naložb na rutah, zajetih v teh pogodbah, ter stroški tržnih storitev.
It is possible that advertising Nîmes and its region on the Ryanair website may have encouraged people visiting this website to buy Ryanair tickets to Nîmes when this advertising was first posted or just after.
Ti izračuni bi morali zagotoviti prihodnje letne tokove, ki ustrezajo razliki med dodatnimi prihodki in stroški, od katerih se po potrebi odšteje diskontna stopnja, ki izraža stroške kapitala za upravljavca letališča.
However, it is unlikely that the effect of this advertising on visitors lasted or had an influence on their ticket purchases for more than a few weeks after it was posted on the Ryanair website.
Pozitivna neto diskontirana vrednost načeloma kaže, da zadevne pogodbe ne omogočajo gospodarske prednosti, negativna neto sedanja vrednost pa kaže na obstoj takšne prednosti.
An advertising campaign is more likely to have a sustainable effect when the promotional activities involve one or more advertising media to which consumers are regularly exposed over a given period.
V zvezi s to oceno je treba opozoriti, da so trditve družbe Ryanair in upravljavcev, da je cena tržnih storitev, ki so jih kupili upravljavci, enaka ali nižja od cene, ki se lahko šteje za „tržno ceno“ za take storitve, brezpredmetne.
For example, an advertising campaign on general television and radio stations, various websites and/or various billboards displayed outdoors or inside public places may have such a sustainable effect if consumers are passively and repeatedly exposed to these media.
Hipotetični udeleženec v tržnem gospodarstvu, ki ga motivirajo obeti za dobiček, namreč ne bi bil pripravljen kupiti takih storitev, niti po ceni, ki je enaka ali nižja od „tržne cene“, če bi napovedi kljub pozitivnim učinkom takih storitev na pogostost letov na zadevnih rutah kazale, da bodo dodatni stroški zaradi pogodb presegali dodatne prihodke po sedanji vrednosti.
However, promotional activities limited to certain pages of Ryanair’s website alone are unlikely to have an effect that lasts much beyond the end of the promotion.
V takem primeru bi bila namreč „tržna cena“ višja od cene, ki bi jo bil pripravljen plačati, zato je logično, da bi se zadevnim storitvam odrekel.
It is very likely that most people will not visit Ryanair’s website often enough to leave them with a lasting impression of the advertising for this region.
Iz enakih razlogov dejstvo, da so lahko cene iz pogodbe o letaliških storitvah enake ali višje od cen, ki jih zaračunavajo upravljavci delno primerljivih letališč, ali v skladu z njimi, v okviru te analize ni pomembno, saj ni mogoče pričakovati, da bodo prinesle dodatne prihodke, ki zadoščajo za kritje dodatnih stroškov.
This observation is well supported by two factors.
Uporaba načela udeleženca v tržnem gospodarstvu
Firstly, under the various marketing services agreements, the promotion of the Nîmes region on Ryanair’s homepage was limited to the presence of a single link to a website designated by the Operators for limited and, in some cases, very brief periods, in particular:
Za oceno zadevnih pogodb in glede na predhodne ugotovitve je treba opozoriti, da je treba obstoj in znesek elementov pomoči v teh pogodbah oceniti ob upoštevanju okoliščin ob sklenitvi pogodb ter, natančneje, ob upoštevanju informacij, ki so bile takrat na voljo, in razvoja, ki ga je bilo mogoče takrat predvideti.
seven days per year for five years according to the 2005 agreement, increased by 26 and three days per year in line with the respective launch of the third and fourth routes stipulated by the agreement,
Komisija je med postopkom pozvala Francijo k predložitvi ocen donosnosti, dodatnih stroškov in prihodkov, povezanih z različnimi pogodbami, ki so bile morda opravljene pred sklenitvijo teh pogodb.
27 days on the English page and 60 days on the Belgian and Dutch pages according to the agreement of 2 January 2007,
Edini podatki, ki jih je Francija predložila v odgovor na ta poziv, izhajajo iz poslovnega načrta, ki ga je družba Veolia Transport pripravila septembra 2006 (v nadaljnjem besedilu: poslovni načrt družbe VTAN), to je nekaj mesecev, preden je postala nov upravljavec letališča, da bi ocenila ravnotežje novega prenosa pooblastil za opravljanje javnih storitev.
33 days on the English page and 60 days on the Belgian and Dutch pages according to the agreement of 1 November 2007, and
Ta poslovni načrt ni bil povezan z eno ali več posameznimi pogodbami, temveč so bili v njem podrobno navedeni ocenjeni stroški in prihodki, povezani s celotnim upravljanjem letališča, med celotnim trajanjem novega prenosa pooblastil za opravljanje javnih storitev (2007–2011).
32 days on the English page and 60 days on the Belgian and Dutch pages according to the agreement of 27 August 2008.
Francija je poleg tega predložila vsebino študije, ki jo je za družbo VTAN izvedel ekonomski svetovalec (v nadaljnjem besedilu: študija VTAN) in katere namen je bil na podlagi poslovnega načrta družbe VTAN oceniti, koliko dodatni promet, ustvarjen na podlagi nove pogodbe, vpliva na različne stroškovne in prihodkovne postavke, pri čemer so izvzeti stroški, nastali zaradi pogodb o tržnih storitvah.
Both the nature of these promotional activities (presence of a single link with limited promotional value) and their short lifespan would have significantly limited the effect of these activities beyond the end of the promotion, particularly as these activities were limited to Ryanair’s website alone and were not supported by any other media.
Kar zadeva prihodke upravljavca letališča, iz študije VTAN izhaja, da se prihodki iz letalskih dejavnosti, ki izvirajo iz letaliških pristojbin in storitev zemeljske oskrbe, po naravi spreminjajo glede na dodatni promet, podobno kot prihodki iz komercialnih neletalskih dejavnosti (povezani z dejavnostjo trgovin, restavracij in parkirišč, ki so na letališkem območju).
In other words, these promotional activities were highly unlikely to leave those people exposed to these activities with a lasting impression of the advertising in question and a lasting interest in Nîmes and its region.
Nasprotno pa na prihodke iz državnih neletalskih dejavnosti (običajno so to stalne najemnine, ki jih upravljavec letališča Nîmes prejema od različnih podjetij na letališču) ne vplivajo spremembe v prometu in jih torej ni treba upoštevati v dodatni analizi.
Secondly, the other marketing activities included in the agreements signed with AMS involved the Nîmes destination page of the website and the ‘Discover Europe’ page, where it was only intended to insert a ‘button’, as well as email advertising.
Kar zadeva stroške, iz študije izhaja, da na nekatere stroškovne postavke, kakršne so stroški poslovanja in strukturni stroški, ne vplivajo spremembe v prometu, druge postavke, kakršne so nakupi, pa so neposredno povezane s prometom.
As a general rule, this last type of promotional activity is targeted only at an audience that is by definition limited, without recipients being frequently exposed to this advertising.
Kar zadeva stroške vzdrževanja in popravil, iz študije izhaja, da so zadevne infrastrukture uporabljali brez razlike družba Ryanair in drugi uporabniki letališča (šola za usposabljanje, podjetja s sedežem na letališču, civilna zaščita), zato je pretežni del stroškov stalen in se torej ne spreminja glede na promet.
Furthermore, with regard to the Nîmes destination page of the Ryanair website, this is likely to be even less visited by a given person than the website’s homepage, since it is devoted to a specific Ryanair destination and not to all its activities.
Vendar je mogoče glede na navedeno študijo del teh stroškov, ki je sicer majhen, vendar ni zanemarljiv (ocenjen na 8 % celotnih stroškov servisiranja in vzdrževanja), pripisati družbi Ryanair.
It is therefore unlikely to leave those persons accessing this page with a lasting impression of the attractions of Nîmes and its region.
V študiji je bilo upoštevano, da je bil del stroškov osebja neodvisen od prometa, pri čemer je bilo mogoče prometu družbe Ryanair pripisati samo stroške, povezane z delovnimi mesti za sprejemanje letal in potnikov, ter del stroškov, povezanih z delovnimi mesti v upravi.
Moreover, the Nîmes page of the Ryanair website is very likely to be accessed, most of the time, as a result of a potential interest in this destination or in Ryanair’s services to this destination.
V navedeni študiji je bilo tako ocenjeno, da stroški osebja, ki jih je mogoče pripisati družbi Ryanair, zajemajo [40–50] % celotnih stroškov osebja.
The advertising on this page is therefore unlikely to generate new interest in this destination among people unaware of or not having any interest in this destination.
V navedeni študiji so bili preučeni tudi davki, ki jih je plačal upravljavec letališča.
As regards the ‘Discover Europe’ page, this promotes a large number of destinations by means of ‘buttons’.
V njej je bilo ugotovljeno, da zemljiški davek, ki je odvisen le od obsega območja, ki ga upravlja upravljavec letališča, ni odvisen od prometa, medtem ko je dohodek iz dejavnosti odvisen zlasti od ustvarjenega prometa in s tem pretoka potnikov, ter da je davek na izplačane plače neposredno povezan z zgoraj navedenimi stroški osebja.
Although it undoubtedly allows potential travellers to make a short-term choice between several travel destinations, it is unlikely to generate a lasting interest in a particular destination from among all those presented.
V študiji je bilo nazadnje navedeno mnenje, da je mogoče [40–50] % stroškov za tržne raziskave, ki jih financira upravljavec letališča ter ki se nanašajo hkrati na komercialni potniški promet, razvoj letališča z novimi rutami ali novimi dejavnostmi in razvoj industrijskega središča, pripisati prometu družbe Ryanair.
As a result, although the marketing services may have increased passenger traffic on the air routes covered by the marketing services agreements for the period of those services, it is very likely that this effect after this period was zero or negligible.
V navedeni študiji je bil tako za vsako prihodkovno in stroškovno postavko iz poslovnega načrta družbe VTAN ocenjen odstotek, ki ga je treba uporabiti za določitev deleža, ki ga je mogoče pripisati prometu družbe Ryanair in se zato spreminja glede na promet.
Moreover, the Ryanair studies of 17 and 31 January 2014 indicate that the likelihood of the benefits of the marketing services agreements going beyond the air routes covered by these agreements or lasting beyond the operating period of these routes, as set out in the marketing services and airport services agreements, was extremely small and could not be quantified with a degree of reliability that would be considered sufficient by a prudent MEO.
V študiji so bile nazadnje upoštevane ocene prometa, zajete v poslovnem načrtu družbe VTAN, iz teh ocen pa so nato za vsako postavko izpeljani dodatni ocenjeni stroški in prihodki na potnika za celotno obdobje.
Accordingly, for example, the study of 17 January 2014 indicates as follows: ‘However future incremental profits beyond the scheduled expiry of the Airport Service Agreement are inherently uncertain’.
Komisija meni, da sta poslovni načrt družbe VTAN in študija VTAN zanesljiva dokaza, ki ju je mogoče upoštevati pri uporabi načela udeleženca v tržnem gospodarstvu.
Furthermore, this study proposes two methods for the ex ante assessment of the positive effects of marketing services agreements: a ‘cash flow’ approach and a ‘capitalisation’ approach.
Dokazila iz dokumentacije namreč kažejo, da poslovni načrt družbe VTAN izhaja iz zelo poglobljene analize, ki je toliko bolj zanesljiva, ker je moral biti ta poslovni načrt osnova za določitev pavšalnega prispevka, s katerim je bilo treba zagotoviti finančno ravnotežje pri upravljanju.
The ‘cash flow’ approach involves assessing the benefits of the marketing services agreements and airport services agreements in the form of future revenues generated for the airport operator by the marketing services and by the airport services agreement, minus corresponding costs.
Tudi študija VTAN temelji na razumnih predpostavkah.
In the ‘capitalisation’ approach, improvement of the airport’s brand image through the marketing services is treated as an intangible asset, acquired for the price set out in the marketing services agreement.
Komisija jo je zato, kot bo navedeno v nadaljevanju, upoštevala.
However, the study highlights the major difficulties presented by the ‘capitalisation’ approach and shows that the results produced by this method are unreliable.
Zato ta študija ni upoštevna za uporabo načela udeleženca v tržnem gospodarstvu, v okviru katerega je pomembna le donosnost letališča.
It suggests that the ‘cash flow’ approach would be better.
Po mnenju družbe Ryanair neobstoja poslovnega načrta ob sklenitvi pogodb, kot so pogodbe, zajete v formalnem postopku preiskave, ni mogoče uporabiti kot dokaz, da ni bilo upoštevano načelo udeleženca v tržnem gospodarstvu.
In particular, the study states: ‘The capitalisation approach should only take into account the proportion of marketing expenditure that is attributable to the intangible asset base of an airport.
Komisija meni, da je neobstoj poslovnega načrta ali, splošneje, kakršne koli kvantitativne analize donosnosti, izvedene pred sklenitvijo sporazuma, resen znak, da pogodbe, sklenjene za zbornico z družbama Ryanair in AMS, ne izpolnjujejo načela udeleženca v tržnem gospodarstvu, zlasti ker Francija in zbornica v zvezi s temi pogodbami nista mogli zagotoviti nobene kvantitativne analize donosnosti, niti nepopolne, ki bi bila pripravljena pred sklenitvijo pogodb.
However, it may be difficult to identify the proportion of marketing expenditure that is targeted towards generating expected future revenues for the airport (i.e., an investment in the intangible asset base of the airport) as opposed to generating current revenues for the airport’.
Ta ugotovitev v veliki meri velja tudi za družbo VTAN, ki je sicer pripravila trden in podroben poslovni načrt za celotno upravljanje letališča, vendar pozneje glede na dokazila iz dokumentacije ni izvedla posamezne analize donosnosti različnih pogodb, sklenjenih z družbama Ryanair in AMS, pred njihovo sklenitvijo, čeprav bi lahko za to uporabila zgoraj navedeni poslovni načrt.