natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The worms should be held at test temperature, at 20 ± 2 °C.
Na 14. dan se preživele pršice odstranijo iz tal z ekstrakcijo s toploto/svetlobo ali z drugo ustrezno metodo (glej Dodatek 5).
After regenerating, intact complete worms, which are actively swimming or crawling upon a gentle mechanical stimulus, should be used for the test.
Mladiči (tj. ličinke, protonimfe in deutonimfe) in odrasli osebki se preštejejo ločeno.
Injuries or autotomy in the worms should be prevented, e.g. by using pipettes with fire polished edges, or stainless steel dental picks for handling these worms.
Vse odrasle pršice, ki jih v tem trenutku ni mogoče najti, je treba zabeležiti kot mrtve, pri čemer se predpostavlja, da so te pršice pred ocenjevanjem umrle in se razkrojile.
Sources of starter cultures for Lumbriculus variegatus (addresses in the U.S. adopted from (4))
Učinkovitost ekstrakcije je treba validirati enkrat ali dvakrat na leto z znanimi količinami odraslih osebkov in mladičev.
U.S.A.
Število odraslih osebkov in število mladičev se ne prilagajata glede na učinkovitost.
Department of Fisheries and Wildlife
Informacije o statističnih metodah, ki se lahko uporabijo za analizo rezultatov preskusa, so podane v odstavkih od 36 do 41.
No. 13 Natural Resources Building
Poleg tega je treba upoštevati dokument OECD št. 54 z naslovom ‚Sodobni pristopi pri statistični analizi podatkov o ekotoksičnosti: smernice za uporabo‘ (31).
Summary of the ring test results
Glavna končna točka preskusa je sposobnost razmnoževanja, v tem primeru število mladičev, ustvarjenih na ponovitveno preskusno posodo (z vnesenimi 10 odraslimi samicami).
“Sediment Toxicity Test with Lumbriculus variegatus”
Statistična analiza za sposobnost razmnoževanja zahteva izračun aritmetične sredine (X) in variance (s2) na tretirano skupino in kontrolo.
Results of individual ring test runs:
Vrednosti X in s2 se uporabljata za postopke analize variance, kot so Studentov t-preskus, Dunnettov preskus in Williamsov preskus, ter za izračun 95-odstotnih intervalov zaupanja.
Mean worm numbers in the controls and solvent controls at the end of the test;
ta glavna končna točka je enaka plodnosti, merjeni v obliki števila živečih mladičev, ustvarjenih med preskusom, deljenega s številom starševskih samic, vnesenih na začetku preskusa.
SD = standard deviation;
Število preživelih samic v netretiranih kontrolah je glavno merilo za veljavnost in ga je treba dokumentirati.
CV = coefficient of variation
V končno poročilo je treba, tako kot pri preskusu za določanje območja delovanja, zabeležiti tudi vse druge škodljive znake.
mean worm number in the controls
Vrednosti ECx, vključno z njihovimi pripadajočimi zgornjimi in spodnjimi 95-odstotnimi mejami zaupanja za parameter, opisanimi v odstavku 34, se izračunajo z ustreznimi statističnimi metodami (npr. z analizo probit, logistično ali Weibullovo funkcijo, prilagojeno metodo Spearman-Karber ali enostavno interpolacijo).
mean worm number in the solvent controls
Za izračun vrednosti EC50 ali katere koli druge vrednosti ECx je treba srednjo vrednost glede na tretirano skupino (X) analizirati z regresijsko analizo.
interlaboratory mean
Uporabljene morajo biti ustrezne statistične metode (v skladu z dokumentom OECD št. 54 z naslovom ‚Sodobni pristopi pri statistični analizi podatkov o ekotoksičnosti: smernice za uporabo‘.
Mean total dry weights of worms per replicate in the controls and solvent controls at the end of the test;
V splošnem se s pomočjo enostransko zastavljenega (manj obsežnega) preskušanja domnev pri p ≤ 0,05 proučijo škodljivi učinki preskusne snovi v primerjavi s kontrolo.
CV = coeff. of variation
Primeri so podani v naslednjih odstavkih.
total dry weight of worms per replicate (controls)
Normalno porazdelitev podatkov je mogoče preskusiti npr. s preskusom ustreznosti Kolmogorov-Smirnov, preskusom razmerja med variacijskim razmikom in standardnim odklonom (preskusom R/s) ali Shapiro-Wilkovim preskusom (dvostranskim, p ≤ 0,05).
total dry weight of worms per replicate (solvent controls)
Če je bil mejni preskus (primerjava kontrol in izključeno enega tretiranja) izveden in so izpolnjeni predpogoji za postopke parametričnega preskusa (normalnost, homogenost), se lahko odzivi metrik ocenijo s t-preskusom.
Toxicity of PCP:
V poročilu o preskusu morajo biti vsaj naslednje informacije:
Summary of endpoints in the ring test;
identiteta preskusne kemikalije, ime, serija, skupina in številka CAS, čistost,
interlaboratory means for EC50, NOEC and LOEC;
fizikalno-kemijske lastnosti preskusne kemikalije (npr. log Kow, topnost v vodi, parni tlak, Henryjevo konstanto (H) in po možnosti informacije o usodi preskusne kemikalije v tleh).
minimum detectable difference from the control values during hypothesis testing;
identifikacijski podatki in podatki o dobavitelju preskusnih organizmov, opis gojitvenih pogojev,
used as a measure of statistical power.
razpon starosti preskusnih organizmov.
biological parameter
podrobno specifikacijo, če so uporabljena naravna tla (izvor, zgodovina, porazdelitev delcev glede na velikost, vrednost pH, vsebnost organske snovi in, če je na voljo, razvrstitev tal),
Inter- laboratory mean (mg/kg)
velikost preskusnih posod in suha masa preskusnih tal na posodo,
Inter- laboratory factor
vrednost pH in vsebnost vode v tleh na začetku preskusa in med njim (v kontroli in vsaki tretirani skupini),
geometr. mean (mg/kg)
podroben opis metode ekstrakcije in učinkovitosti ekstrakcije.
total number of worms
Rezultati preskusa
total dry weight of worms
število mladičev, določeno v posamezni preskusni posodi na koncu preskusa,
mortality/survival
število odraslih samic in smrtnost odraslih osebkov ( %) v vsaki preskusni posodi ob koncu preskusa,
reproduction (increase of number of worms per replicate)
opis očitnih simptomov ali jasnih sprememb vedenja,
growth (biomass increase per replicate)
statistični povzetek (vrednost ECx in/ali NOEC), vključno s 95-odstotnimi mejami zaupanja, in opis metode izračuna,
C.36 PREDATORY MITE (HYPOASPIS (GEOLAELAPS) ACULEIFER) REPRODUCTION TEST IN SOIL
grafični prikaz razmerja med koncentracijo in odzivom,
This test method is equivalent to OECD test guideline (TG) 226 (2008).
odstopanja od postopkov, opisanih v tej preskusni metodi, in morebitni nenavadni dogodki med preskusom.
This test method is designed to be used for assessing the effects of chemicals in soil on the reproductive output of the soil mite species Hypoaspis (Geolaelaps) aculeifer Canestrini (Acari: Laelapidae), hence allowing for the estimation of the inhibition of the specific population growth rate (1,2).
Poglavje C.8 te priloge, Strupenost za deževnike.
Reproductive output here means the number of juveniles at the end of the testing period.
Poglavje C.32 te priloge, Preskus razmnoževanja enhitrejev.
H. aculeifer represents an additional trophic level to the species for which test methods are already available.
Diet-dependent female choice for males with ‚good genes‘ in a soil predatory mite.
A reproduction test without discrimination and quantification of the different stages of the reproductive cycle is considered adequate for the purpose of this test method.
Za to preskusno metodo se uporabljajo naslednje opredelitve (v tem preskusu so vse učinkovite koncentracije izražene kor masa preskusne kemikalije na suho maso preskusnih tal):
For chemicalsubstances with another exposure scenario than via the soil other approaches might be appropriate (3).
Kemikalija pomeni snov ali zmes.
Hypoaspis (Geolaelaps) aculeifer is considered to be a relevant representative of soil fauna and predatory mites in particular.
LOEC (najnižja koncentracija z opaznim učinkom) je najnižja koncentracija preskusne kemikalije, ki ima v primerjavi s kontrolo statistično značilen učinek (p < 0,05) v določenem obdobju izpostavljenosti.
It is worldwide distributed (5) and can easily be collected and reared in the laboratory.
ECx (učinkovita koncentracija za x-odstotni učinek) je koncentracija, ki na preskusnih organizmih v danem obdobju izpostavljenosti v primerjavi s kontrolo učinkuje x-odstotno.
A summary on the biology of H. aculeifer is provided in Appendix 7.
Preskusna kemikalija je snov ali zmes, preskušena s to preskusno metodo.
Background information on the ecology of the mite species and the use in ecotoxicological testing is available (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), (12).
Kot primerna velja naslednja metoda za določanje največje zmogljivosti zadrževanja vode v tleh.
Adult females are exposed to a range of concentrations of the test chemical mixed into the soil.
Opisana je v Dodatku C standarda ISO DIS 11268-2 (Kakovost tal – Vpliv onesnaževal na deževnike (Eisenia fetida).
The test is started with 10 adult females per replicate vessel.
2. del: Določevanje vplivov na razmnoževanje (23)).
Males are not introduced in the test, because experience has shown that females mate immediately or shortly after hatching from the deutonymph stage, if males are present.
Pokrijte dno vzorčevalnika s koščkom filtrirnega papirja, napolnjenega z vodo, in vzorčevalnik nato postavite na stojalo v vodno kopel.
In addition, inclusion of males would prolong the test in a way that the demanding discrimination of age stages would become necessary.
Kakovost tal – Določevanje pH (16).
Thus, mating itself is not part of the test.
Gojenje vrste Hypoaspis (Geolaelaps) aculeifer, prehranske pršice in sinhronizacija kulture
The females are introduced into the test 28-35 days after the start of the egg laying period in the synchronisation (see Appendix 4), as the females can then be considered as already mated and having passed the pre-oviposition stage.
Gojenje vrste Hypoaspis (Geolaelaps) aculeifer:
At 20 °C the test ends at day 14 after introducing the females (day 0), which allows the first control offspring to reach the deutonymph stage (see Appendix 4).
Kulture je mogoče hraniti v plastičnih posodah ali steklenih kozarcih, napolnjenih z zmesjo mavca/oglenega prahu (v razmerju 9: 1).
For the main measured variable, the number of juveniles per test vessels and additionally the number of surviving females are determined.
Vlažnost mavca je po potrebi mogoče vzdrževati z dodajanjem nekaj kapljic destilirane ali deionizirane vode.
The reproductive output of the mites exposed to the test chemical is compared to that of the controls in order to determine the ECx (e.g. EC10, EC50) or the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) (see Appendix 1 for definitions), depending on the experimental design (see paragraph 29).
Temperature gojenja so optimalne, če so v območju 20 ± 2 °C, režim svetlobe/teme pa za to vrsto ni pomemben.
An overview of the test schedule is given in Appendix 8.
Plen so lahko pršice vrste Typrophagus putrescentiae ali Caloglyphus (s prehranskimi pršicami je treba ravnati previdno, ker lahko pri ljudeh povzročajo alergije), za plen pa so primerni tudi nematode, enhitreji ali skakači.
The water solubility, the log Kow, the soil water partition coefficient and the vapour pressure of the test chemical should preferably be known.
Njihov vir mora biti zabeležen.
Additional information on the fate of the test chemical in soil, such as the rates of biotic and abiotic degradation, is desirable.
Razvoj populacije je mogoče začeti z eno samo samico, ker se samci razvijejo iz neoplojenih jajčec.
The following criteria should be satisfied in the untreated controls for a test result to be considered valid:
Generacije se večinoma prekrivajo.
Mean adult female mortality should not exceed 20 % at the end of the test;
Samica lahko živi vsaj 100 dni in lahko med svojo življenjsko dobo odloži približno 100 jajčec.
The mean number of juveniles per replicate (with 10 adult females introduced) should be at least 50 at the end of the test;
To se pri temperaturi gojenja 20 °C doseže na naslednji način:
The coefficient of variation calculated for the number of juvenile mites per replicate should not be higher than 30 % at the end of the definitive test.
Samice prenesite v čisto posodo za gojenje in dodajte dovolj hrane.
The ECx and/or NOEC of a reference chemical must be determined to provide assurance that the laboratory test conditions are adequate and to verify that the response of the test organisms did not change over time.
Dopustite od dva do tri dni za odlaganje jajčec, odstranite samice.
Dimethoate (CAS 60-51-5) is a suitable reference chemical that has shown to affect population size (4).
Odrasle samice med 28. in 35. dnem po tem, ko ste jih začeli nameščati v čiste posode za gojenje, odstranite za preskušanje.
Boric acid (CAS 10043-35-3) may be used as an alternative reference chemical.
Odrasle samice je mogoče zlahka ločiti od samcev in drugih razvojnih faz, ker so večje in bolj nabreknjene oblike ter imajo rjav dorzalni ščit (samci so vitkejši in ploski); barva neodraslih osebkov sega od bele do smetanaste.
Less experience has been gained with this chemical.
Razvoj pršic poteka približno po spodaj opisanem vzorcu, ki velja za temperaturo 20 °C (slika):
Two design options are possible:
jajčece 5 dni, ličinka 2 dni, protonimfa 5 dni, deutonimfa 7 dni, obdobje pred samičinim odlaganjem jajčec 2 dni.
The reference chemical can be tested in parallel to the determination of the toxicity of each test chemical at one concentration, which has to be demonstrated beforehand in a dose response study to result in an effect of > 50 % reduction of offspring.
Potem so pršice odrasle.
In this case, the number of replicates should be the same as that in the controls (see paragraph 29).
Slika
Alternatively, the reference chemical is tested 1 - 2 times a year in a dose-response test.
Odrasle preskusne živali se odstranijo iz sinhronizirane kulture in vnesejo v preskusne posode med 28. in 35. dnem po tem, ko so starševske samice začele odlagati jajčeca (tj. 7–14 dni po tem, ko so postale odrasle).
Depending on the design chosen, the number of concentrations and replicates and the spacing factor differ (see paragraph 29), but a response of 10 - 90 % effect should be achieved (spacing factor of 1,8).
S tem je zagotovljeno, da so preskusne živali že prešle obdobje pred odlaganjem jajčec in so se parile s samci, ki so tudi prisotni v posodi za gojenje.
The EC50 for dimethoate based on the number of juveniles should fall in the range between 3,0 and 7,0 mg a.s./kg soil (dw).
Opažanja pri laboratorijskih kulturah kažejo, da se samice parijo takoj ali kmalu po tem, ko odrastejo, če so prisotni samci (Ruf, Vaninnen, osebno opažanje).
Based on the results obtained with boric acid so far, the EC50 based on the number of juveniles should fall in the range between 100 and 500 mg/kg dw soil.
Obdobje sedmih dni je določeno zato, da je integracija v laboratorijsko rutino lažja in da je variabilnost razvoja posameznih osebkov med pršicami manjša.
Test vessels and equipment
Obdobje odlaganja jajčec se mora začeti z vsaj enakim številom samic, ki je sčasoma potrebno za preskus (če je za preskus, na primer, potrebnih 400 samic, je treba dva ali tri dni omogočati odlaganje jajčec vsaj 400 samicam).
Screw lids are preferred and in that case, the vessels could be aerated twice a week.
Za preprečitev kanibalizma naj se v eni posodi ne goji več kot 20–30 samic, ki odlagajo jajčeca.
Alternatively, covers that permit direct gaseous exchange between the substrate and the atmosphere (e.g. gauze) can be used.
Metode ekstrakcije
Since moisture content must be kept high enough during the test, it is essential to control the weight of each experimental vessel during the test and replenish water if necessary.
Ustrezna metoda za ločevanje osebkov iz tal/substrata pri mikropodih je ekstrakcija s toploto (glej spodnjo sliko).
This may be especially important if no screw lids are available.
Metoda temelji na dejavnosti organizmov, zato je mogoče zabeležiti le mobilne osebke.
If a non-transparent test vessel is used, the cover should be made of material that allows for access to light (e.g. by means of a perforated transparent cover) whilst preventing the mites from escaping.
Načelo ekstrakcije s toploto je postopno poslabševanje pogojev za organizme v vzorcu, tako da bodo zapustili substrat in padli v fiksirno tekočino (npr. etanol).
The size and type of the test vessel depends on the extraction method (see Appendix 5 for details).
Ključni točki sta trajanje ekstrakcije in poslabševanje pogojev za organizme od dobrih prek srednjih do slabih.
If heat extraction is applied directly to the test vessel, then a bottom mesh of appropriate mesh size could be added (sealed until extraction), and soil depth should be sufficient to allow for a temperature and moisture gradient.
Ekstrakcija mora biti pri ekotoksikoloških preskusih čim krajša, saj bi kakršna koli rast populacije med obdobjem ekstrakcije pokvarila rezultate.
Standard laboratory equipment is required, specifically the following:
Po drugi strani morajo biti pogoji glede temperature in vlage v vzorcu vedno v takšnem območju, ki pršicam omogoča gibanje.
preferably glass vessels with screw lids;
Ogrevanje vzorca tal izsuši substrat.
brushes for transferring mites
Če je izsuševanje prehitro, se lahko izsušijo tudi nekatere pršice, še preden uspejo pobegniti.
pH-meter and luxmeter;
dstotni etanol
temperature-controlled incubator or small room;
vzemite stekleno fiolo, ki je bila uporabljena v preskusu.
equipment for extraction (see Appendix 5) (13)
Odstranite pokrov in okrog odprtine ovijte kos mreže ali tkanine.
overhead light panel with light control
Velikost očesa na mrežici tkanine mora biti od 1,0 do 1,5 mm.
collection jars for extracted mites.
Tkanino pritrdite z elastičnim trakom.
For this test, an artificial soil is used.
Fiolo previdno obrnite okrog in jo postavite v napravo za ekstrakcijo.
The artificial soil consists of the following components (all values based on dry mass):
Tkanina preprečuje, da bi substrat pronical v fiksirno tekočino, pršicam pa omogoča, da lahko zapustijo vzorec.
5 % sphagnum peat, air-dried and finely ground (a particle size of 2 ± 1 mm is acceptable);
Z režimom ogrevanja začnite po tem, ko so vstavljene vse fiole.
approximately 74 % air-dried industrial sand (depending on the amount of CaCO3 needed), predominantly fine sand with more than 50 % of the particles between 50 and 200 microns.
Ekstrakcijo končajte po 48 urah.
The exact amount of sand depends on the amount of CaCO3 (see below), together they should add up to 75 %.
Odstranite fiksirne fiole in s stereomikroskopom preštejte pršice.
< 1,0 % calcium carbonate (CaCO3, pulverised, analytical grade) to obtain a pH of 6,0 ± 0,5;
Učinkovitost ekstrakcije pri izbrani metodi mora biti dokazana enkrat ali dvakrat letno z uporabo posod, ki vsebujejo znano število mladih in odraslih pršic, gojenih v netretiranem preskusnem substratu.
the amount of calcium carbonate to be added may depend principally on the quality/nature of the peat (see Note 1).
Učinkovitost mora v povprečju znašati ≥ 90 %, združeno za vse razvojne faze.
The amount of CaCO3 required will depend on the components of the soil substrate and should be determined by measuring the pH of soil sub-samples immediately before the test (14).
Tullgrenova vrsta naprave za ekstrakcijo
The peat content of the artificial soil deviates from other test methods on soil organisms, where in most cases 10 % peat is used (e.g. (15)).
Način priprave preskusne fiole po koncu preskusa, pred ekstrakcijo
However, according to EPPO (16) a typical agricultural soil has not more than 5 % organic matter, and the reduction in peat content thus reflects the decreased possibilities of a natural soil for sorption of the test chemical to organic carbon.
Identifikacija vrste Hypoaspis (Geolaelaps) aculeifer
If required, e.g. for specific testing purposes, natural soils from unpolluted sites may also serve as test and/or culture substrate.
Podrazred/red/podred:
However, if natural soil is used, it should be characterised at least by origin (collection site), pH, texture (particle size distribution) and organic matter content.
Družina:
If available, the type and name of the soil according to soil classification should be included, and the soil should be free from any contamination.
Rod/podrod/vrsta:
In case the test chemical is a metal or organo-metal, the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the natural soil should also be determined.
Uporabljena literatura:
Special attention should be paid to meet the validity criteria as background information on natural soils typically is rare.
Določevalne lastnosti:
For the determination of pH a mixture of soil and 1 M potassium chloride (KCl) or 0,01 M calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution in a 1:5 ratio is used (see (14) and Appendix 3).
Tektum z zaokroženim zobčastim robom;
If the soil is more acidic than the required range (see paragraph 10), it can be adjusted by addition of an appropriate amount of CaCO3.
žlebiči hipostome z več kot 6 dentikli;
If the soil is too alkaline it can be adjusted by the addition of more of the mixture comprising the first three components described in paragraph 10, but excluding the CaCO3.
kavdalne dorzalne sete Z4 niso zelo dolge;
Two to seven days before starting the test, the dry artificial soil is pre-moistened by adding enough distilled or de-ionised water to obtain approximately half of the final water content, that being 40 to 60 % of the maximum WHC.
dlakaste dorzalne sete;
The moisture content is adjusted to 40-60 % of the maximum WHC by the addition of the test chemical solution and/or by adding distilled or de-ionised water (see paragraphs 16-18).
normalen genitalni ščit, ni zelo povečan in ne dosega analnega ščita;
An additional rough check of the soil moisture content should be obtained by gently squeezing the soil in the hand, if the moisture content is correct small drops of water should appear between the fingers.
zadnja polovica dorzalnega ščita brez set, ki nimajo parov;
Soil moisture content is determined at the beginning and at the end of the test by drying to constant weight at 105 °C in accordance with ISO 11465 (17) and soil pH in accordance with Appendix 3 or ISO 10390 (14).
noge II in IV z nekaj gostimi makrosetami;
These measurements should be carried out in additional samples without mites, both from the control soil and from each test concentration soil.
dorzalna seta Z5 približno dvakrat daljša od J5;
The moisture content should be monitored throughout the test by weighing the vessels periodically (see paragraphs 20 and 24).
fiksni člen helicere z 12–14 zobmi in gibljivi člen z 2 zoboma;
The species used in the test is Hypoaspis (Geolaelaps) aculeifer (Canestrini, 1883).
idiosoma dolga 520–685 μm.
Adult female mites, obtained from a synchronised cohort are required to start the test.
Vrsta Hypoaspis miles se uporablja tudi pri biološkem nadzoru in jo je mogoče zamenjati z vrsto H. aculeifer.
Mites should be introduced ca.
Glavna razlika je naslednja:
7-14 days after becoming adult, 28 - 35 days after the start of the egg laying in the synchronisation (see paragraph 3 and Appendix 4).
Noga IV (samica)
The source of the mites or the supplier and maintenance of the laboratory culture should be recorded.
Noga II (samica) Hypoaspis aculeifer, dorzalni ščit z značilnimi setami
If a laboratory culture is kept, it is recommended that the identity of the species is confirmed at least once a year.
Hypoaspis miles po Hughes, 1976
An identification sheet is included as Appendix 6.
Hypoaspis aculeifer po Hughes, 1976
The test chemical is mixed into the soil.
Osnovne informacije o biologiji vrste hypoaspis (geolaelaps) aculeifer
Organic solvents used to aid treatment of the soil with the test chemical should be selected on the basis of their low toxicity to mites and appropriate solvent control must be included in the test design (see paragraph 29).
Vrsta Hypoaspis aculeifer pripada družini Lealapidae, redu Acari (pršice), razredu Arachnida, plemenu Arthropoda.
It is recommended to use an appropriate quantity of water to reach the required moisture content, i.e. 40 to 60 % of the maximum WHC (see paragraph 12).
Njeni pripadniki živijo v vseh vrstah tal in se hranijo z drugimi pršicami, nematodami, enhitreji in skakači (26).
When such vehicles are used, all test concentrations and the control should contain the same minimum amount of the vehicle.
Če je hrane premalo, preidejo na kanibalizem (27).