natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
improved drinking water quality
ASU se izvede z izračunom stroškov na enoto „denarno neizraženih“ koristi in je potrebna za količinsko opredelitev koristi, vendar koristim ne pripiše denarne cene ali ekonomske vrednosti.
improved quality of surface waters and preservation of ecosystem services due to pollution abatement
Pogoji za uporabo ASU so:
resource cost savings for both producers and customers
projekt proizvede samo en učinek projekta, ki je homogen in enostavno merljiv;
improved health
ta učinek predstavlja oskrbo ključnega pomena, kar pomeni, da je ukrep za njeno zagotovitev nujno potreben;
reduction of GHG emissions
cilj velikega projekta je uresničevanje učinka z najmanjšimi stroški;
Waste management
pomembni zunanji učinki ne obstajajo;
reduction of health and environmental hazards (reduced contamination of air, water, soils)
obstaja veliko dokazov o ustreznih referenčnih vrednostih, s katerimi se preveri, ali izbrana tehnologija izpolnjuje minimalna zahtevana merila glede stroškovne učinkovitosti.
reduction of landfill space/costs (for waste treatment facilities)
Kot je določeno v členu 101(1)(e) Uredbe (EU) št. 1303/2013, mora biti v ASK vključena ocena tveganja.
recovery of materials, energy and production of compost (avoided cost of alternative production/generation, including externalities)
Ta je potrebna za obravnavo negotovosti, ki se vedno pojavlja v investicijskih projektih.
reduction of GHG emissions (i.e. CO2, CH4)
Ocena tveganja nosilcu projekta omogoča boljše razumevanje načina, kako bi se ocenjeni vplivi verjetno spremenili, če bi bile določene ključne spremenljivke projekta drugačne od pričakovanih.
Energy
Posebno pozornost je treba nameniti podnebnim spremembam in okoljskim vidikom.
Energy Efficiency projects
Ocena tveganja je sestavljena iz dveh korakov:
energy savings (expressed by the economic value of energy including externalities)
analize občutljivosti, ki določa „kritične spremenljivke“ ali parametre modela, tj. tiste spremenljivke, katerih pozitivne ali negativne spremembe najbolj vplivajo na kazalnike uspešnosti projekta, in v kateri se upoštevajo naslednji vidiki:
increase of comfort
kritične spremenljivke so tiste, katerih 1-odstotna sprememba povzroči več kot 1-odstotno spremembo NSV;
reduction of GHG and non-GHG emissions
analiza se izvede s spreminjanjem posameznega elementa in ugotavljanjem učinka te spremembe na NSV;
Renewable Energy Sources projects
mejne vrednosti so opredeljene kot odstotna sprememba kritične spremenljivke, ki je potrebna za to, da NSV postane nič;
reduction of energy costs for substitution of the energy source e.g. by displacement of fossil fuels alternatives (expressed by the economic value of energy generated by likely displaced alternative, including externalities)
analiza scenarija omogoča proučitev skupnega vpliva določenih sklopov kritičnih vrednosti in predvsem kombinacije optimističnih in pesimističnih vrednosti skupine spremenljivk za oblikovanje različnih scenarijev, ki bi lahko veljali v okviru določenih hipotez.
Electricity/gas grids and infrastructure
kvalitativne analize tveganja, vključno s preprečevanjem in ublažitvijo tveganja, ki vključuje naslednje elemente:
increase and diversification of energy supply (value of incremental gas/electricity supplied, including externalities)
seznam tveganj, ki jim je izpostavljen projekt;
increase of security and reliability of energy supply (reduction in supply disruptions)
matriko tveganj, ki za vsako ugotovljeno tveganje prikazuje:
reduction of energy costs for substitution of the energy source
možne vzroke neuspešnosti,
market integration: variation in surpluses stemming from price alignment effects across places (for transmission) or time (for storage)
povezavo z analizo občutljivosti, če je to primerno,
improved energy efficiency
negativne učinke, ki jih povzroči projekt,
Roads, Railways, Public Transport
razvrščene (npr. zelo malo verjetno, malo verjetno, s približno petdesetodstotno verjetnostjo, verjetno, zelo verjetno) stopnje verjetnosti pojava in moči vpliva,
reduction in generalised costs (for movement of goods/people):
stopnjo tveganja (tj. kombinacijo verjetnosti in vpliva);
time savings
navedbo ukrepov za preprečevanje in ublažitev, vključno s subjektom, odgovornim za preprečevanje in blaženje glavnih tveganj, standardnimi postopki, kadar je to ustrezno, in ob upoštevanju dobre prakse, če je to mogoče, ki jo je treba uporabiti za zmanjšanje izpostavljenosti tveganju, kjer se šteje, da je to potrebno;
vehicle operating costs savings
razlago matrike tveganja, vključno z oceno preostalih tveganj po uporabi ukrepov za preprečevanje in ublažitev.
accident savings
Kadar je to ustrezno (odvisno od velikosti projekta, razpoložljivosti podatkov), analiza tveganja lahko vključuje, če je izpostavljenost preostalemu tveganju še vedno pomembna, pa mora vključevati, verjetnostno analizo tveganja, ki je sestavljena iz naslednjih korakov:
reduction of non-GHG emissions (i.e. local air pollution impacts)
verjetnostne porazdelitve za kritične spremenljivke, ki zagotavlja informacije o verjetnosti določene odstotne spremembe kritičnih spremenljivk.
reduction of noise emissions (e.g. some urban projects)
Izračun verjetnostne porazdelitve kritičnih spremenljivk je nujen za izvedbo kvantitativne analize tveganja;
Airports, Seaports, Intermodal
kvantitativne analize tveganja na podlagi simulacije Monte Carlo, ki določa verjetnostne porazdelitve in statistične kazalnike za pričakovani rezultat, standardni odklon itd. kazalnikov finančne in ekonomske uspešnosti projekta.
reduction in generalised costs (for movement of goods/people)
Glavna tveganja po sektorjih, ki jih je treba upoštevati v oceni tveganja, so opredeljena v preglednici 2.
quality of service improvements (e.g. provision of airport contact gates)
Za pomoč nosilcem projekta pri pripravi kvalitativne analize tveganja v skladu s to uredbo se države članice spodbujajo (če menijo, da je to ustrezno in/ali izvedljivo) pri razvoju nacionalnih smernic o vrednotenju določenih standardnih tveganj pri projektih ter seznama ukrepov za zmanjševanje in preprečevanje tveganja v vseh sektorjih.
reduction of non-GHG emissions
Posebna tveganja
reduction of noise emissions
Tveganja povpraševanja:
Research & Innovation
Nižja poraba vode od predvidene
benefits to businesses (establishment of spin-offs and start-ups, development of new/improved products and processes; knowledge spillovers)
Počasnejša stopnja priključitve na javni kanalizacijski sistem od predvidene
benefit to researchers and students (new research, human capital formation, social capital development)
Tveganja načrtovanja:
benefits to the general public (reduction of environmental risks, reduction of health risks, cultural effects for visitors)
Neustrezne raziskave in preverjanje, npr. nenatančne hidrološke napovedi
Broadband
Neustrezne ocene stroškov načrtovanja
Increased take-up and improved quality of digital services, including e-Commerce, for citizens and businesses (especially in rural areas);
Tveganja pridobivanja zemljišč:
Increased take-up and improved quality of digital services, including e-Government and e-Health, for public administration.
Zamude v postopkih
Climate change mitigation and adaptation in the economic analysis
Višji stroški zemljišč od predvidenih
The CBA must take into account costs and benefits of the project in the context of Greenhouse Gas emissions and climate change.
Upravna tveganja in tveganja javnih naročil:
The quantification of the project's Greenhouse Gas emissions and the estimate of economic cost of carbon (or CO2) emissions used to monetise the externalities of such emissions shall be based on a transparent methodology aligned with the EU 2050 decarbonisation objectives.
Gradbena ali druga dovoljenja
As for climate adaptation, costs of measures aiming at enhancing the resilience of the project to climate change impacts that are duly justified in feasibility studies should be included in the economic analysis.
Dovoljenja javnih služb
The benefits of those measures, e.g. measures taken to limit the emissions of GHG or enhance the resilience to climate change and weather extremes and other natural disasters, should also be assessed and included in the economic analysis, if possible quantified, otherwise they should be properly described.
Sodni postopki
Simplified economic analysis in special cases
Tveganja gradnje:
In certain limited cases where the benefits of a major project are very difficult or impossible to quantify and monetise, but where costs can be predicted with reasonable confidence, notably for major projects driven by necessity to ensure compliance with EU legislation, a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) can be performed.
Prekoračitve stroškov projekta in zamude pri gradnji
In such cases the appraisal shall focus on verifying that the project is the most efficient solution for the society to supply a given, necessary service at the pre-defined conditions set out.
V zvezi z izvajalci (stečaj, pomanjkanje virov)
In addition, qualitative description of main economic benefits should be provided.
Tveganja delovanja:
CEA is carried out by calculating the cost per unit of ‘non monetised’ benefit and is required to quantify benefits but not to attach a monetary price or economic value to the benefits.
Zanesljivost ugotovljenih vodnih virov (količina/kakovost)
The conditions for applying CEA are as follows:
Višji stroški vzdrževanja in popravil od predvidenih, kopičenje tehničnih okvar
the project produces only one project output which is homogenous and easily measurable;
Finančna tveganja:
this output is a crucial supply, entailing that action to secure it is essential;
Počasnejše zviševanje pristojbin od predvidenega
the aim of the major project is to achieve the output at minimum cost;
Manj pobranih tarif, kot je bilo predvideno
there are no significant externalities;
Regulativna tveganja:
there is a wide evidence of appropriate benchmarks to verify that the chosen technology meets the minimum required cost performance criteria.
Nepričakovani politični ali regulativni dejavniki, ki vplivajo na ceno vode
As set out in Article 101(1)(e) of Regulation (EU) No 1303/2013, a risk assessment must be included in the CBA.
Druga tveganja:
This is required to deal with the uncertainty that always permeates investment projects.
Nasprotovanje javnosti Raziskave, razvoj in inovacije
Risk assessment enables the project promoter to better understand the way the estimated impacts are likely to change should some key project variables turn out to be different from those expected.
Manj ustvarjenih odpadkov, kot je bilo predvideno
A thorough risk analysis constitutes the basis for a sound risk-management strategy, which in turn feeds back into the project design.
Nezadosten nadzor/izvajanje pretoka odpadkov
Particular attention should be paid to climate change and environmental aspects.
Neustrezne raziskave in preverjanje
The risk assessment shall comprise two steps:
Izbira neprimerne tehnologije
Sensitivity analysis, which determines the ‘critical’ variables or parameters of the model i.e. those whose variations, positive or negative, have the greatest impact on the project's performance indicators, shall take the following aspects into consideration:
Gradbena ali druga dovoljenja
the critical variables are the ones whose 1 % variation results in more than 1 % variation of the NPV;
Dovoljenja javnih služb
the analysis is carried out by varying one element at a time and determining the effect of that change on the NPV;
Drugačna sestava odpadkov od predvidene ali nepričakovano velika nihanja
the switching values are defined as the percentage change the critical variable should assume to make the NPV equal to zero;
Učinki procesa ne izpolnjujejo ciljnih vrednosti glede kakovosti
scenario analysis allowing the study of the combined impact of determined sets of critical values and in particular, the combination of optimistic and pessimistic values of a group of variables to build different scenarios, which may hold under certain hypotheses.
Nespoštovanje omejitev v zvezi z emisijami (v zrak in/ali vodo), ki jih proizvede obrat
Qualitative risk analysis including risk prevention and mitigation, which shall include the following elements:
Regulativna tveganja:
a list of risks to which the project is exposed;
Spremembe okoljskih zahtev, ekonomskih in regulativnih instrumentov (tj. uvedba davkov na odlagališča, prepoved odlagališč)
a risk matrix showing for each identified risk:
Pomanjkanje povpraševanja
the possible causes of failure,
Razvoj cen različnih konkurenčnih goriv
the link with the sensitivity analysis, where applicable,
Neustrezna analiza podnebnih pogojev, ki vplivajo na povpraševanje po energiji za gretje in/ali hlajenje
the negative effects generated on the project,
Neustrezne raziskave in preverjanje lokacij
the ranked (e.g. very unlikely, unlikely, about as likely as not, likely, very likely) levels of probability of occurrence and of the severity of impact,
Inovacije pri proizvodnji/prenosu energije ali tehnologiji za njeno shranjevanje, zaradi česar postanejo rešitve iz projekta zastarele
the risk level (i.e. combination of probability and impact).
Tveganja pri pridobivanju zemljišč:
identification of prevention and mitigation measures, including the entity in charge of preventing and mitigating the main risks, standard procedures, where appropriate and taking into account best practices, where possible, to be applied to reduce risk exposure, where considered necessary.
Višji stroški zemljišč od predvidenih
interpretation of risk matrix including an assessment of the residual risks after the application of prevention and mitigation measures;
Višji stroški za pridobitev pravic do poti
In addition the risk assessment may, where appropriate (depending on project size, data availability), and should, where the residual risk exposure is still significant, include the probabilistic risk analysis, which involves the following steps:
Poplave, zemeljski plazovi itd.
Probability distributions for critical variables informing about the likelihood of occurring a given percentage change in the critical variables.
Nesreče
Computing the probability distribution of critical variables is necessary to carry out a quantitative risk analysis.
Višji stroški vzdrževanja in popravil od pričakovanih, kopičenje tehničnih okvar, ki jih na primer povzročijo vplivi podnebnih sprememb
Quantitative risk analysis based on Montecarlo simulation, providing probability distributions and statistical indicators for expected result, STD, etc. of project financial and economic performance indicators.
Daljše obdobje, znotraj katerega zaradi nesreče ali zunanjih vzrokov storitve niso zagotovljene
The main risks per sector to be taken into account in the risk assessment are set out in Table 2.
Spremembe v tarifnem sistemu in/ali v sistemu spodbud
In order to assist the project promoters in preparation of qualitative risk analysis in line with this Regulation, Member States are encouraged (if they consider this appropriate and/or feasible) to develop national guidelines on valuation of certain standard project risks, and list of mitigation and prevention measures across sectors.
Neustrezna ocena trendov na področju cen energije
Specific risks
Spremembe okoljskih zahtev, ekonomskih instrumentov (tj. programov za podporo OVE, zasnove trgovanja z emisijami v EU)
Demand risks:
Ceste, železnice, javni prevoz, letališča, pristanišča, intermodalni prevoz
Water consumption lower than predicted
Drugačne napovedi o prometu, kot je bilo predvideno
Connection rate to public sewage system slower than predicted
Gradbena dovoljenja
Design risks:
Prekoračitev stroškov projekta
Inadequate surveys and investigation e.g. inaccurate hydrological predictions
Arheološka odkritja
Inadequate design cost estimates
Višji stroški delovanja in vzdrževanja od pričakovanih
Land acquisition risks:
Manj pobranih cestnin, kot je bilo pričakovano
Procedural delays
Spremembe okoljskih zahtev
Land cost higher than predicted
Tveganja povpraševanja:
Administrative and procurement risks:
Razvoj ustrezne industrije (povpraševanje po rezultatih raziskav in povpraševanje po zasebnih pogodbenih raziskavah)
building or other permits
Razvoj na trgu dela (povpraševanje po univerzitetnih diplomantih in vpliv na povpraševanje po storitvah izobraževanja na območju)
utility approval
Interes splošne javnosti drugačen od predvidenega
Legal proceedings
Neustrezni izbor lokacije ali zamude pri pripravi načrta projekta
Construction risks:
Izum nove tehnologije na podlagi raziskav, razvoja in inovacij zaradi česar tehnologija infrastrukture postane zastarela
Project cost overruns and delays in construction
Pomanjkanje dobro uveljavljenega strokovnega znanja in izkušenj s področja tehničnega inženiringa
Contractor related (bankruptcy, lack of resources)
Upravna tveganja in tveganja javnih naročil:
Operational risks:
Zamude pri pridobivanju gradbenih dovoljenj
Reliability of identified water sources (quantity/quality)
Nerazrešene pravice iz lastninskega razmerja
Maintenance and repair costs higher than predicted, accumulation of technical breakdowns
Zamude pri pridobivanju pravic intelektualne lastnine ali s tem povezani višji stroški, kot je bilo pričakovano
Financial risks:
Postopkovne zamude pri izbiri dobavitelja in podpisu pogodbe o izvedbi javnega naročila
Tariff increases slower than predicted
Ozka grla na področju oskrbe
Tariff collection lower than predicted
Zamude projekta in prekoračitve stroškov med nameščanjem znanstvene opreme
Regulatory risks
Pomanjkanje neposredno uporabnih rešitev za izpolnjevanje potreb med gradnjo ali delovanjem infrastrukture
unexpected political or regulatory factors affecting the water price
Zamude pri dodatnih delih, ki so zunaj nadzora nosilca projekta
Other risks:
Pomanjkanje akademskega osebja/raziskovalcev
Public opposition
Nepričakovani zapleti, povezani z namestitvijo specializirane opreme
Waste generation lower than predicted
Zamude pri vzpostavitvi popolnega in zanesljivega delovanja opreme
Waste flow control/delivery insufficient
Nezadostno pridobivanje rezultatov raziskav
Inadequate surveys and investigation
Nepričakovani vplivi na okolje/nesreče
Choice of unsuitable technology
Nezadostno odobreno financiranje na nacionalni/regionalni ravni v operativni fazi
Building or other permits
Nezadostna ocena finančnih prihodkov
Utility approvals
Povpraševanju uporabnikov ni zadoščeno
Waste composition other than predicted or having unexpectedly large variations
Neustrezen sistem za zaščito in izkoriščanje intelektualne lastnine
Process outputs fail to meet quality targets
Izguba obstoječih strank/uporabnikov zaradi konkurence drugih središč za raziskave in razvoj
Failure to meet limits of emissions produced by the facility (to air and/or water)
Okvir in regulativna tveganja:
Regulatory risks:
Sprememba orientacije strateške politike
Changes of environmental requirements, economic and regulatory instruments (i.e. introduction of landfill taxes, bans on landfilling)
Sprememba pričakovanega ravnanja prihodnjih zasebnih vlagateljev
Demand shortfalls
Sprememba predpisov na maloprodajnem trgu
Evolution of prices of different competing fuels
Neuspešna uporaba državne pomoči
Inadequate analysis of climatic conditions affecting the energy demand for heating and/or cooling
Nižji prevzem storitev s strani ponudnikov na maloprodajni in/ali velikoprodajni ravni od predvidenega
Inadequate site surveys and investigation
Nizke naložbe ponudnikov storitev v končni del povezave z omrežjem
Innovation in energy production/transmission or energy storage technology making the one in the project obsolete
Zamude pri javnih naročilih projekta
Land acquisition risks
Tveganje, da zahtevane lastninske pravice ne bodo pridobljene
Land costs higher than predicted
Operativna in finančna tveganja:
Higher costs for the acquisition of rights of way
Povišanje stroškov delovanja
Flooding, landslides, etc.
Izguba ključnega osebja med delovanjem projekta
Accidents
Formule
Maintenance and repair costs higher than predicted, accumulation of technical breakdowns, for example those caused by climate change impacts
Formule za finančno analizo:
Long out-of-service time for accident or external causes
Finančna neto sedanja vrednost (FNSV)
Changes in the tariff system and/or in the system of incentives
FNSV
Inadequate estimate of energy price trends
Finančna stopnja donosa (FSD)
Changes of environmental requirements, economic instruments (i.e. RES support schemes, EU ETS design)
Kjer je St saldo denarnega toka v trenutku t in at finančni diskontni faktor, izbran za diskontiranje v trenutku t; je i finančna diskontna stopnja.
Roads, Railways, Public Transport, Airports, Seaports, Intermodal
Formule za ekonomsko analizo:
Traffic forecasts different than predicted
Ekonomska neto sedanja vrednost (ENSV)
Building permits
Ekonomska stopnja donosa (ESD)
Project cost overruns
Razmerje koristi/stroški (K/S)
Archaeological findings
Kjer je Vt saldo neto koristi (K-S) v trenutku t, K skupni tok koristi v trenutku t, S skupni tok socialnih stroškov v trenutku t in ρt socialni diskontni faktor, izbran za diskontiranje v trenutku t; je r socialna diskontna stopnja.
Operation and maintenance costs higher than expected
Če veliki projekt vsebuje novo sredstvo, se upoštevajo neto prihodki in stroški upravljanja (ali koristi in stroški v ekonomski analizi) nove naložbe.
Tolls collection lower than expected
Populacija, ki ima neposredne koristi na podlagi projekta.
Changes in environmental requirements
Pri uporabi teh načel se upoštevajo posebne zakonske določbe Unije za vodni sektor in sektor ravnanja z odpadki (in sicer: okvirna direktiva o vodah in okvirna direktiva o odpadkih).
RDI Demand risks:
Pogoje bi bilo treba opredeliti v dokumentu z nacionalnim smernicami o JZP.
Development of relevant industry (demand for research results and demand for private contracted research)
Če je bil zasebni partner že izbran, sicer bi moralo biti opisano, kako se bo zagotovilo upoštevanje tega vidika.
Evolutions on labour market (demand for university graduates and impact on demand for education services in the area)
PRILOGA IV
Interest of the general public different than predicted
Oblika modela za skupni akcijski načrt (SAN)
Inadequate site selection or delays in completing the project design
Predlog SAN v skladu s členi 104 do 109 Uredbe (EU) št. 1303/2013
Invention of a new RDI technology making the infrastructure's technology obsolete
Naslov SAN
Lack of well-established technical engineering expertise
Referenčna št.
Administrative and Procurement risks:
Komisije (CCI)
Delays in obtaining building permits
A. Splošne značilnosti
Unresolved property ownership rights
Kratek opis SAN
Delays in the acquisition of intellectual property rights or higher-than-expected costs for their acquisition
Številka CCI operativnega(-ih) programa(-ov)
Procedural delays to select the supplier and sign the procurement contract
Regija(-e)/(NUTS)
Supply bottlenecks
Država(-e) članica(-e)
Project delays and cost overruns during installation of scientific equipment
Sklad(-i)
Lack of ready-made solutions to meet the needs arisen during the construction or operation of the infrastructure
Skupni upravičeni stroški
Delays in complementary works outside the project promoter's control
Javna podpora [2]
Lack of academic staff/researchers
Vrsta SAN
Unexpected complication connected with the installation of specialised equipment
( ) običajna ( ) pilotna ( ) pobuda za zaposlovanje mladih
Delays in making the equipment fully and reliably running
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Insufficient production of research results
Kategorizacija dejavnosti v zvezi z operacijami
Unexpected environmental impacts/accidents
Odstotek skupnih stroškov operacije/na razsežnost
Insufficient committed funding on a national/regional level during the operational phase
Področje ukrepa (če je primerno, se lahko na podlagi sorazmernega izračuna uporabi več kot ena oznaka)
Inadequate estimate of financial revenues
Oblika financiranja (če je primerno, se lahko na podlagi sorazmernega izračuna uporabi več kot ena oznaka)
Failure to meet the demand from users
Teritorialna razsežnost (če je primerno, se lahko na podlagi sorazmernega izračuna uporabi več kot ena oznaka)