natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
In addition, the Privacy Shield Principles now require companies subject to an FTC or court order based on non-compliance with the Principles to make public any relevant Framework-related sections of any compliance or assessment report submitted to the FTC, to the extent consistent with confidentiality laws and rules.
Poleg tega generalni inšpektorji preučujejo pritožbe ali informacije o domnevnih kršitvah zakonov, pravil ali drugih predpisov ali domnevnih slabem upravljanju, velikem zapravljanju sredstev, zlorabi pooblastil, ali znatni in posebni nevarnosti za javno zdravje in varnost v programih in dejavnostih obveščevalne skupnosti.
V. ENGAGEMENT WITH EU DPAS AND ENFORCEMENT COOPERATION
Neodvisnost generalnih inšpektorjev je ključen element objektivnosti in integritete vsakega poročila, ugotovitve in priporočila, ki jih generalni inšpektor izda.
The FTC recognizes the important role that EU DPAs play with respect to Framework compliance and encourages increased consultation and enforcement cooperation.
Med najbolj odločilnimi elementi za ohranjanje neodvisnosti generalnih inšpektorjev so postopek za njihovo imenovanje in razrešitev, ločena operativna in proračunska pooblastila ter pooblastila glede osebja in zahteve za dvojno poročanje vodjem agencij izvršilne veje oblasti ter Kongresu.
In addition to any consultation with referring DPAs on case-specific matters, the FTC commits to participate in periodic meetings with designated representatives of the Article 29 Working Party to discuss in general terms how to improve enforcement cooperation with respect to the Framework.
Kongres je ustanovila neodvisen urad generalnega inšpektorja v vseh agencijah izvršilne veje oblasti, vključno z vsemi organi obveščevalne skupnosti [60].
The FTC will also participate, along with the Department of Commerce, the European Commission, and Article 29 Working Party representatives, in the annual review of the Framework to discuss its implementation.
Po sprejetju zakona o obveščevalnih pooblastilih za davčno leto 2015 skoraj vse generalne inšpektorje, ki nadzirajo organe obveščevalne skupnosti, imenuje predsednik, potrdi pa Senat.
The FTC also encourages the development of tools that will enhance enforcement cooperation with EU DPAs, as well as other privacy enforcement authorities around the world.
Gre za generalne inšpektorje, ki nadzirajo ministrstvo za pravosodje, Osrednjo obveščevalno agencijo (CIA), agencijo za nacionalno varnost in obveščevalno skupnost [61].
In particular, the FTC, along with enforcement partners in the European Union and around the globe, last year launched an alert system within the Global Privacy Enforcement Network (‘GPEN’) to share information about investigations and promote enforcement coordination.
Poleg tega so ti generalni inšpektorji uradniki s stalno funkcijo, ki so nestrankarski, razreši pa jih lahko le predsednik.
This GPEN Alert tool could be particularly useful in the context of the Privacy Shield Framework.
Medtem ko ZDA ustava določa, da je predsednik pristojen za razrešitev generalnega inšpektorja, pa se ta pristojnost redko uporablja, zahteva pa tudi, da predsednik razrešitev generalnega inšpektorja pisno obrazloži Kongresu 30 dni preden jo izvede [62].
The FTC and EU DPAs could use it to coordinate with respect to the Framework and other privacy investigations, including as a starting point for sharing information in order to deliver coordinated and more effective privacy protection for consumers.
Ta postopek imenovanja generalnega inšpektorja zagotavlja, da uradniki izvršilne veje oblasti ne vplivajo neupravičeno na izbiro, imenovanje ali razrešitev generalnega inšpektorja.
We look forward to continuing to work with participating EU authorities to deploy the GPEN Alert system more broadly and develop other tools to improve enforcement cooperation in privacy cases, including those involving the Framework.
Drugič, generalni inšpektorji imajo znatna zakonsko določena pooblastila za opravljanje revizij, preiskav in pregledov programov in dejavnosti izvršilne veje oblasti.
The FTC is pleased to affirm its commitment to enforcing the new Privacy Shield Framework.
Poleg nadzornih preiskav in pregledov, ki jih zahteva zakon, imajo generalni inšpektorji široko diskrecijo pri izvajanju nadzora nad programi in dejavnostmi po lastni izbiri [63].
We also look forward to continuing engagement with our EU colleagues as we work together to protect consumer privacy on both sides of the Atlantic.
Zakon zagotavlja, da imajo generalni inšpektorji pri izvrševanju te pristojnosti na voljo neodvisna sredstva za opravljanje svojih nalog, vključno s pooblastilom za zaposlovanje lastnega osebja in ločeno navajanje proračunskih zahtev Kongresu [64].
Chairwoman
Zakon zagotavlja, da imajo generalni inšpektorji dostop do informacij, ki jih potrebujejo za izvajanje svojih nalog.
We provide additional information about U.S. federal and state privacy laws in Attachment A. In addition, a summary of our recent privacy and security enforcement actions is available on the FTC's website at https://www.ftc.gov/reports/privacy-data-security-update-2015.
To vključuje pooblastila za neposredno dostopanje do vseh evidenc in informacij agencij, v katerih so podrobno opisani programi in dejavnosti agencije, ne glede na zaupnost, pooblastila za pridobitev sodnega naloga za predložitev informacij in dokumentov ter pooblastila za opravljanje zapriseg [65].
See FTC Policy Statement on Deception, appended to Cliffdale Assocs., Inc., 103 F.T.C.
V določenih primerih lahko vodja agencije izvršilne veje oblasti prepove dejavnost generalnega inšpektorja, če bi, na primer, revizija ali preiskava, ki jo opravlja generalni inšpektor, bistveno škodovala interesom nacionalne varnosti Združenih držav.
110, 174 (1984), available at https://www.ftc.gov/public-statements/1983/10/ftc-policy-statement-deception.
Tretjič, generalni inšpektorji morajo tako vodje agencij izvršilne veje oblasti kot Kongres v celoti in ažurno obveščati prek poročil o goljufijah in drugih resnih težavah, zlorabah ter pomanjkljivostih v zvezi s programi in dejavnostmi agencij izvršilne veje oblasti [67].
See 15 U.S.C § 45(n); FTC Policy Statement on Unfairness, appended to Int'l Harvester Co., 104 F.T.C.
Z dvojnim poročanjem se krepi neodvisnost generalnega inšpektorja, saj zagotavlja preglednost nadzornega procesa generalnega inšpektorja ter vodjam agencij omogoča izvajanje priporočil generalnega inšpektorja še preden bi Kongres lahko sprejel zakonodajne ukrepe.
949, 1070 (1984), available at https://www.ftc.gov/public-statements/1980/12/ftc-policy-statement-unfairness.
Generalni inšpektorji so na primer zakonsko zavezane k pripravi polletnih poročil, ki opisujejo take težave in popravne ukrepe, ki so bili doslej sprejeti [68].
See California Dental Ass'n v. FTC, 526 U.S.
Agencije izvršilne veje oblasti obravnavajo ugotovitve in priporočila generalnega inšpektorja resno in generalni inšpektorji lahko pogosto vključijo sprejemanje in izvajanje svojih priporočil v navedena in druga poročila, ki se predložijo Kongresu, v nekaterih primerih pa tudi dajo na voljo javnosti [69].
See Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada, Complaint under PIPEDA against Accusearch, Inc., doing business as Abika.com, https://www.priv.gc.ca/cf-dc/2009/2009_009_0731_e.asp.
Poleg te strukture dvojnega poročanja imajo generalni inšpektorji tudi nalogo, da prijavitelje nepravilnosti iz izvršilne veje oblasti usmerijo k ustreznim nadzornim odborom Kongresa, da bi razkrili domnevne goljufije, zapravljanje ali zlorabe pri programih in dejavnostih izvršilne veje oblasti.
The Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada filed an amicus curiae brief in the appeal of the FTC action and conducted its own investigation, concluding that Accusearch's practices also violated Canadian law.
Identiteta oseb, ki se tako javijo, je zavarovana pred razkritjem izvršilni veji oblasti, s čimer se prijavitelji nepravilnosti ščitijo pred morebitnimi ukrepi s področja prepovedi osebja ali varnostnega preverjanja, ki bi bili sprejeti v povračilo za poročanje generalnemu inšpektorju [70].
See FTC v. Accusearch, Inc., No 06CV015D (D. Wyo.
Ker prijavitelji nepravilnosti pogosto predstavljajo vire za preiskave generalnih inšpektorjev, se z možnostjo poročanja o njihovih pomislekih Kongresu brez vplivanja izvršilne veje oblasti povečuje učinkovitost nadzora, ki ga izvajajo generalni inšpektorji.
Dec.
Zaradi te neodvisnosti lahko generalni inšpektorji z objektivnostjo in integriteto spodbudijo ekonomičnost, učinkovitost in odgovornost pri agencijah izvršilne veje oblasti.
20, 2007), aff'd 570 F.3d 1187 (10th Cir.
Nazadnje, Kongres je ustanovil svet generalnih inšpektorjev za integriteto in učinkovitost.
See In the Matter of True Ultimate Standards Everywhere, Inc., No.
Upam, da se vam bodo te informacije zdele koristne.
C-4512 (F.T.C. Mar.
S spoštovanjem.
12, 2015) (decision and order), available at https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/cases/150318trust-edo.pdf.
Glavni svetovalec
See In the Matter of Google, Inc., No.
Nadaljnje informacije v zvezi s tujimi obveščevalnimi dejavnostmi ZDA so objavljene na spletu in javno dostopne prek obveščevalne skupnosti v evidenci Record (www.icontherecord.tumblr.com), tj. javni spletni strani Urada direktorja nacionalne obveščevalne službe, ki je namenjena večanju prepoznavnosti obveščevalnih dejavnosti vlade v javnosti.
C-4336 (F.T.C. Oct.
Na voljo na https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/01/17/presidential-policy-directive-signals-intelligence-activities.
13 2011) (decision and order), available at https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2011/03/ftc-charges-deceptive-privacy-practices-googles-rollout-its-buzz; In the Matter of Facebook, Inc., No.
Organi kazenskega pregona ali nadzorni organi lahko zahtevajo informacije od korporacij za preiskovalne namene v Združenih državah v skladu z drugimi kazenskimi, civilnimi in regulativnimi pooblastili zunaj okvira tega dokumenta, ki je omejen na pooblastila v okviru nacionalne varnosti.
C-4365 (F.T.C. July 27, 2012) (decision and order), available at https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2012/08/ftc-approves-final-settlement-facebook; In the Matter of Myspace LLC, No.
Na voljo na www.icontherecord.tumblr.com/ppd-28/2015/privacy-civil-liberties#ppd-28.
C-4369 (F.T.C. Aug.
Ti postopki izvajajo usmerjene in prilagojene koncepte, obravnavane v tem pismu, na način, ki je značilen za posameznega člana obveščevalne skupnosti.
30, 2012) (decision and order), available at https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2012/09/ftc-finalizes-privacy-settlement-myspace.
Če navedem en primer, postopki Agencije ZDA za nacionalno varnost (NSA) za izvajanje PPD-28 navajajo, da „kadar koli je izvedljivo, se zbiranje izvaja z uporabo enega ali več izbirnih izrazov, da bi zbiranje usmerili na posebnih tuje obveščevalne cilje (npr. poseben znani mednarodni terorist ali teroristična skupina) ali posebne tuje obveščevalne teme (npr. širjenje orožja za množično uničevanje s strani tuje sile ali njenih agentov)“.
See FTC v. Karnani, No 2:09-cv-05276 (C.D. Cal.
Na voljo na http://www.dni.gov/files/documents/1017/PPD-28_Status_Report_Oct_2014.pdf.
May 20, 2011) (stipulated final order), available at https://www.ftc.gov/sites/default/files/documents/cases/2011/06/110609karnanistip.pdf; see also Lesley Fair, FTC Business Center Blog, Around the World in Shady Ways, https://www.ftc.gov/blog/2011/06/around-world-shady-ways (June 9, 2011).
Na voljo na http://www.dni.gov/files/documents/ICD/ICD%20204%20National%20Intelligence%20Priorities%20Framework.pdf.
Letter from Ken Hyatt, Acting Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade, International Trade Administration, to Věra Jourová, Commissioner for Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality.
Intelligence Community Directive (ICD) 203, na voljo na http://www.dni.gov/files/documents/ICD/ICD%20203%20Analytic%20Standards.pdf.
In determining whether to exercise its U.S. SAFE WEB Act authority, the FTC considers, inter alia: ‘(A) whether the requesting agency has agreed to provide or will provide reciprocal assistance to the Commission; (B) whether compliance with the request would prejudice the public interest of the United States; and (C) whether the requesting agency's investigation or enforcement proceeding concerns acts or practices that cause or are likely to cause injury to a significant number of persons.’ 15 U.S.C.
Glej, na primer, poročilo generalnega inšpektorja na Ministrstvu za pravosodje ZDA „Pregled dejavnosti Zveznega preiskovalnega urada v okviru člena 702 zakona o nadzoru tujih obveščevalnih podatkov iz leta 2008“ (september 2012), na voljo na https://oig.justice.gov/reports/2016/o1601a.pdf.
This authority does not apply to enforcement of competition laws.
Glej www.dni.gov/clpo.
In fiscal years 2012-2015, for example, the FTC used its U.S. SAFE WEB Act authority to share information in response to almost 60 requests from foreign agencies and it issued nearly 60 civil investigative demands (equivalent to administrative subpoenas) to aid 25 foreign investigations.
Združene države lahko pridobijo tudi sodne odločbe v skladu z drugimi določbami zakona o nadzoru tujih obveščevalnih podatkov za pridobivanje podatkov, vključno s podatki, prenesenimi v skladu z zasebnostnim ščitom.
Although the FTC does not resolve or mediate individual consumer complaints, the FTC affirms that it will prioritize Privacy Shield referrals from EU DPAs.
Naslova I in III zakona o nadzoru tujih obveščevalnih podatkov, ki ustrezno dovoljuje elektronski nadzor in fizične preiskave, zahtevata sodno odločbo (razen v izrednih razmerah) in vedno zahtevata utemeljeni sum za prepričanje, da je cilj tuja sila ali agent tuje sile.
In addition, the FTC uses complaints in its Consumer Sentinel database, which is accessible by many other law enforcement agencies, to identify trends, determine enforcement priorities, and identify potential investigative targets.
Naslov IV zakona o nadzoru tujih obveščevalnih podatkov dovoljuje uporabo snemalnikov klicev ter naprav za pasti in sledenje v skladu s sodno odločbo (razen v izrednih razmerah) v dovoljenih dejavnostih za pridobivanje tujih obveščevalnih podatkov, protiobveščevalnih dejavnostih ali preiskavah v boju proti terorizmu.
EU individuals can use the same complaint system available to U.S. citizens to submit a complaint to the FTC at www.ftc.gov/complaint.
Naslov V zakona o nadzoru tujih obveščevalnih podatkov Zveznemu preiskovalnemu uradu dovoljuje, da pridobiva poslovne evidence, ki so potrebne za dovoljene preiskave tujih obveščevalnih podatkov, protiobveščevalne dejavnosti ali preiskave v boju proti terorizmu.
For individual Privacy Shield complaints, however, it may be most useful for EU individuals to submit complaints to their Member State DPA or alternative dispute resolution provider.
Kakor je navedeno spodaj, ameriški zakon o svobodi (USA FREEDOM Act) posebej prepoveduje uporabo odločb za snemalnike klicev ali poslovne evidence v okviru zakona o nadzoru tujih obveščevalnih podatkov za množično zbiranje ter predpisuje zahtevo po „posebnem izbirnem izrazu“, ki zagotavlja, da se ta pooblastila uporabijo usmerjeno.
See FTC, Business Center, Legal Resources, https://www.ftc.gov/tips-advice/business-center/legal-resources?type=case&field-consumer-protection-topics-tid=251.
Odbor za nadzor zasebnosti in državljanskih svoboščin, „Poročilo o programu nadzora, ki se izvaja v skladu s členom 702 zakona o nadzoru tujih obveščevalnih podatkov“ ( 2. julij 2014) („poročilo PCLOB“).
The EU-U.S.
Glej Pub.
Privacy Shield Framework in Context: An Overview of the U.S. Privacy and Security Landscape
L. No.
The protections provided by the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield Framework (the ‘Framework’) exist in the context of the broader privacy protections afforded under the U.S. legal system as a whole.
110-261, 122 Stat.
First, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (‘FTC’) has a robust privacy and data security program for U.S. commercial practices that protects consumers worldwide.
Glej id. člen 1801(e).
Second, the landscape of consumer privacy and security protection in the United States has evolved substantially since 2000 when the original U.S.-EU Safe Harbor program was adopted.
Glej poročilo PCLOB na 99.
The broad scope of U.S. legal protections for consumer privacy and security applicable to commercial data practices complements the protections provided to EU individuals by the new Framework.
Poročilo o preglednosti direktorja nacionalne obveščevalne službe za leto 2014, na voljo na http://icontherecord.tumblr.com/transparency/odni_transparencyreport_cy2014.
I. THE FTC'S GENERAL PRIVACY AND SECURITY ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM
Postopki zmanjševanja, ki so na voljo na: http://www.dni.gov/files/documents/ppd-28/2014%20NSA%20702%20Minimization%20Procedures.pdf („postopki zmanjševanja NSA“); http://www.dni.gov/files/documents/ppd-28/2014%20FBI%20702%20Minimization%20Procedures.pdf; and http://www.dni.gov/files/documents/ppd-28/2014%20CIA%20702%20Minimization%20Procedures.pdf.
The FTC is the leading U.S. consumer protection agency focused on commercial sector privacy.
Glej poročilo NSA na strani 4.
The FTC has authority to prosecute unfair and deceptive acts or practices that violate consumer privacy, as well as to enforce more targeted privacy laws that protect certain financial and health information, information about children, and information used to make certain eligibility decisions about consumers.
Glej, na primer, postopke zmanjševanja NSA na strani 6.
The FTC has unparalleled experience in consumer privacy enforcement.
Postopki PPD-28 za obveščevalne agencije so na voljo na http://icontherecord.tumblr.com/ppd-28/2015/privacy-civil-liberties.
The FTC has sued businesses that allegedly spammed consumers, installed spyware on computers, failed to secure consumers' personal information, deceptively tracked consumers online, violated children's privacy, unlawfully collected information on consumers' mobile devices, and failed to secure internet-connected devices used to store personal information.
Pravilo 13 poslovnika sodišča za nadzor tujih obveščevalnih podatkov, na voljo na http://www.fisc.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/FISC%20Rules%20of%20Procedure.pdf.
The resulting orders have typically provided for ongoing monitoring by the FTC for a period of 20 years, prohibited further law violations, and subjected the businesses to substantial financial penalties for order violations [1].
29. julij 2013, Pismo Reggieja B. Waltona Patricku J. Leahyju, na voljo na http://fas.org/irp/news/2013/07/fisc-leahy.pdf.
Importantly, FTC orders do not just protect the individuals who may have complained about a problem; rather, they protect all consumers dealing with the business going forward.
Glej člen 401 USA FREEDOM Act, P.L.
In the cross-border context, the FTC has jurisdiction to protect consumers worldwide from practices taking place in the United States [2].
Glej id. člen 1881a(l)(1).
To date, the FTC has brought over 130 spam and spyware cases, over 120 ‘Do Not Call’ telemarketing cases, over 100 Fair Credit Reporting Act actions, almost 60 data security cases, more than 50 general privacy actions, almost 30 cases for violations of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, and over 20 actions enforcing the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (‘COPPA’) [3].
Glej id. člen 1881a(l)(3).
In addition to these cases, the FTC has also issued and publicized warning letters [4].As part of its history of strong privacy enforcement, the FTC has also regularly looked for potential violations of the Safe Harbor program.
Nekatera od teh poročil so tajna.
Since the Safe Harbor program was adopted, the FTC has undertaken numerous investigations into Safe Harbor compliance on its own initiative and has brought 39 cases against U.S. companies for Safe Harbor violations.
114-23, člen 401, 129 Stat.
The FTC will continue this proactive approach by making enforcement of the new Framework a priority.
Glej id. členi 103, 201 in 501.
FEDERAL AND STATE PROTECTIONS FOR CONSUMER PRIVACY
Sodne pozive v zvezi z nacionalno varnostjo dovoljuje vrsta zakonov in omogočajo Zveznemu preiskovalnemu uradu, da pridobiva informacije v poročilih o kreditni sposobnosti, finančne podatke ter elektronske podatke o naročnikih in transakcijah od določenih vrst podjetij samo za potrebe zaščite pred mednarodnim terorizmom ali tajnimi obveščevalnimi dejavnostmi.
The Safe Harbor Enforcement Overview, which appears as an annex to the European Commission's Safe Harbor adequacy decision, provides a summary of many of the federal and state privacy laws in place at the time the Safe Harbor program was adopted in 2000 [5].
Glej id.
At that time, many federal statutes regulated the commercial collection and use of personal information, beyond Section 5 of the FTC Act, including: the Cable Communications Policy Act, the Driver's Privacy Protection Act, the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, the Electronic Funds Transfer Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, the Right to Financial Privacy Act, the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, and the Video Privacy Protection Act.
Glej id. člen 401.
Many states had analogous laws in these areas as well.
Glej id. člen 602.
Since 2000, there have been numerous developments at both the federal and state level that provide additional consumer privacy protections [6].
Glej id. člen 603.
At the federal level, for example, the FTC amended the COPPA Rule in 2013 to provide a number of additional protections for children's personal information.
Glej id. členi 502(f)–503.
The FTC also issued two rules implementing the Gramm- Leach-Bliley Act — the Privacy Rule and the Safeguards Rule — which require financial institutions [7] to make disclosures about their information sharing practices and to implement a comprehensive information security program to protect consumer information [8].
Na voljo na http://www.dni.gov/index.php/intelligence-community/intelligence-transparency-principles.
Similarly, the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act ( ‘FACTA’), enacted in 2003, supplements longstanding U.S. credit laws to establish requirements for the masking, sharing, and disposal of certain sensitive financial data.
Na voljo na http://www.dni.gov/files/documents/Newsroom/Reports%20and%20Pubs/Principles%20of%20Intelligence%20Transparency%20Implementation%20Plan.pdf.
The FTC promulgated a number of rules under FACTA regarding, among other things, consumers' right to a free annual credit report; secure disposal requirements for consumer report information; consumers' right to opt out of receiving certain offers of credit and insurance; consumers' right to opt out of the use of information provided by an affiliated company to market its products and services; and requirements for financial institutions and creditors to implement identity theft detection and prevention programs [9].
Na voljo na: https://www.nsa.gov/civil_liberties/_files/nsa_report_on_section_702_program.pdf; https://www.nsa.gov/civil_liberties/_files/UFA_Civil_Liberties_and_Privacy_Report.pdf; https://www.nsa.gov/civil_liberties/_files/UFA_Civil_Liberties_and_Privacy_Report.pdf.
Rules protecting consumers from unwanted telemarketing calls, robocalls, and spam have also gone into effect.
2014); American Civil Liberties Union proti CIA, 710 F.3d 422 (D.C. Cir.
Congress has also enacted laws requiring certain companies that collect health information to provide consumers with notification in the event of a breach [11].
2014).
States have also been very active in passing laws related to privacy and security.
Glej, na splošno, https://www.pclob.gov/library.html#oversightreports.
Since 2000, forty-seven states, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands have enacted laws requiring businesses to notify individuals of security breaches of personal information [12].
Glej, na splošno, https://www.pclob.gov/events/2015/may13.html.
At least thirty-two states and Puerto Rico have data disposal laws, establishing requirements for the destruction or disposal of personal information [13].
Člena 2 in 4 zakona o generalnem inšpektorju (Inspector General Act) iz leta 1978 s spremembami; Člen 103H(b) in (e) zakona o nacionalni varnosti iz leta 1947 s spremembami (v nadaljnjem besedilu: Zakon o nacionalni varnosti).