natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
In some cases it might not be possible to analyse concentrations in the pore water as the sample size is too small.
Šotna suspenzija se nato zmeša z drugimi sestavinami (peskom in kaolinsko glino) in deionizirano vodo, da nastane homogena usedlina z vsebnostjo vode v razponu 30–50 % suhe teže usedline.
Failing immediate analysis, all samples should be stored by an appropriate method, e.g. under the storage conditions recommended for minimum degradation of the particular test chemical (e.g., environmental samples are commonly stored at – 18 °C in the dark).
Vrednost pH končne mešanice se znova izmeri in se po potrebi s CaCO3 uravna na od 6,5 do 7,5.
Since the whole procedure is governed essentially by the accuracy, precision and sensitivity of the analytical method used for the test chemical, check experimentally that the precision and reproducibility of the chemical analysis, as well as the recovery of the test chemical from water and sediment samples are satisfactory for the particular method at least at the lowest and highest test concentrations.
Če je pričakovan razvoj amonijaka, se formulirana usedlina lahko kondicionira sedem dni pri enakih pogojih, kakršni vladajo v poznejšem preskusu (razmerje usedline in vode je npr. 1: 4, višina plasti usedline pa enaka tisti v preskusnih posodah), preden ji je primešana preskusna kemikalija, tj. dotočiti je treba vodo, ki jo je treba prepihovati.
Also, check that the test chemical is not detectable in the control chambers in concentrations higher than the limit of quantification.
Na koncu obdobja kondicioniranja je treba vodo nad usedlino odstraniti in zavreči.
If necessary, correct the nominal concentrations for the recoveries of quality control spikes (e.g. where recovery is outside 80 - 120 % of spiked amount).
Nato se kremenov pesek, ki mu je primešana preskusna kemikalija, za vsako raven tretiranja zmeša z usedlino, usedlino pa se porazdeli med ponovitvene preskusne posode in se ji dotoči preskusno vodo.
Handle all samples throughout the test in such a manner so as to minimise contamination and loss (e.g. resulting from adsorption of the test chemical on the sampling device).
Posode se nato inkubirajo v enakih pogojih kot vladajo v poznejšem preskusu.
The recovery of test chemical, the limit of quantification, and the limit of detection in sediment and water should be recorded and reported.
Tukaj se začne obdobje za uravnoteženje.
The main mandatory response variables of the test to be evaluated statistically are the biomass and the total number of worms per replicate.
Vodo nad usedlino je treba prezračevati.
Optionally, reproduction (as increase of worm numbers) and growth (as increase of dry biomass) could be also evaluated.
Na začetku se lahko zmeša s šotno suspenzijo (glej zgoraj).
In this case, an estimate of the dry weight of the worms at start of exposure should be obtained e.g. by measurement of the dry weight of a representative sub-sample of the batch of synchronised worms to be used for the test.
Čezmerna razgradnja vira hrane pred vnosom preskusnih organizmov, npr. v primeru dolgega obdobja za uravnoteženje, se lahko prepreči z ohranjanjem čim krajšega časa med dodajanjem hrane in začetkom izpostavljenosti.
Although mortality is not an endpoint of this test, mortalities should be evaluated as far as possible.
Za zagotovitev, da je hrani primešana preskusna kemikalija, je treba vir hrane zmešati z usedlino najkasneje isti dan, ko se preskusna kemikalija primeša usedlini.
In order to estimate mortalities, the number of worms that do not react to a gentle mechanical stimulus or showed signs of decomposition, and the missing worms should be considered dead.
Shranjevanje
Mortalities should at least be recorded and considered when interpreting the test results.
Suhe sestavine umetne usedline se lahko shranjujejo v suhem in hladnem prostoru pri sobni temperaturi.
Effect concentrations should be expressed in mg/kg sediment dry weight.
Pripravljeno usedlino, ki ji je primešana preskusna kemikalija, je treba v preskusu uporabiti takoj.
If the recovery of test chemical measured in the sediment, or in sediment and overlying water at start of exposure, is between 80 and 120 % of the nominal concentrations, the effect concentrations (ECx, NOEC, LOEC) may be expressed based on nominal concentrations.
Vzorci usedline s primešano preskusno kemikalijo se lahko nato do analize hranijo v pogojih, priporočenih za zadevno preskusno kemikalijo.
If recovery deviates from the nominal concentrations by more than ± 20 % of the nominal concentrations, the effect concentrations (ECx, NOEC, LOEC) should be based on the initially measured concentrations at the beginning of the exposure, e.g. taking into account the mass balance of the test chemical in the test system (see paragraph 30).
V sodelovanju z R. Nagelom in B. Karaoglanom.
In these cases, additional information can be obtained from analysis of stock and/or application solutions in order to confirm that the test sediments were prepared correctly.
Metode gojenja vrste Lumbriculus variegatus
ECx-values for the parameters described in paragraph 60 are calculated using appropriate statistical methods (e.g. probit analysis, logistic or Weibull function, trimmed Spearman-Karber method, or simple interpolation).
Vrsta Lumbriculus variegatus (Müller) iz družine Lumbriculidae in reda maloščetincev prebiva v sladkovodnih usedlinah in se pogosto uporablja v ekotoksikološkem preskušanju.
Guidance on statistical evaluation is given in (15) and (50).
V laboratorijskih pogojih jo je enostavno gojiti.
To compute the EC50 or any other ECx, the per-treatment means ( X
Metode gojenja so opisane spodaj.
Appropriate statistical methods should be used.
V nadaljevanju je naveden kratek povzetek teh pogojev.
In general, adverse effects of the test item compared to the control are investigated using one-tailed (smaller) hypothesis testing at p ≤ 0,05.
Glavna prednost vrste L. variegatus je njeno hitro razmnoževanje, zaradi česar se v laboratorijsko gojenih populacijah izjemno hitro povečuje biomasa (npr. (1), (3), (4), (5)).
Examples are given in the following paragraphs.
Črve je mogoče gojiti v velikih akvarijih (57–80 l) pri 23 °C z obdobjem osvetljenosti 16 ur svetlobe in 8 ur teme (100–1000 lx) in z uporabo dnevno osveževane naravne vode (45–50 l na akvarij).
Guidance on selection of appropriate statistical methods is given in (15) and (50).
Substrat se pripravi z rezanjem nebeljenih brisač iz rjavega papirja na trakove, ki se lahko nato nekaj sekund meša z vodo za gojenje, da nastanejo majhni kosi papirnega substrata.
Normal distribution of data can be tested e.g. with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test, the Range-to-standard-deviation ratio test (R/s-test) or the Shapiro-Wilk test, (two-sided, p ≤ 0,05).
Ta substrat se lahko nato neposredno uporabi v akvariju s kulturo Lumbriculus, tako da se prekrije dno posode, ali pa se za poznejšo uporabo shrani zamrznjen v deionizirani vodi.
If the prerequisites of parametric test procedures (normality, variance homogeneity) are fulfilled, One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and subsequent multi-comparison tests can be performed.
Vsaka kultura črvov se začne z od 500 do 1000 črvi, hranjenimi z 10-mililitrsko suspenzijo, ki pri pogojih obnavljanja vode ali pretočnih pogojih vsebuje 6 g začetne hrane za gojenje trikrat na teden.
Pairwise comparisons (e.g. Dunnett's t-test) or step-down trend tests (e.g. Williams' test) can be used to calculate whether there are significant differences (p ≤ 0,05) between the controls and the various test item concentrations.
Hranjenje statičnih in polstatičnih kultur mora biti manj pogosto, da se prepreči rast bakterij ali gliv.
Otherwise, non-parametric methods (e.g. Bonferroni-U-test according to Holm or Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test) should be used to determine the NOEC and the LOEC.
V teh pogojih se število posameznih osebkov v kulturi običajno podvoji v obdobju približno od 10 do 14dni.
If a limit test (comparison of control and one treatment only) has been performed and the prerequisites of parametric test procedures (normality, homogeneity) are fulfilled, metric responses (total worm number, and biomass as worm dry weight) can be evaluated by the Student test (t-test).
Namesto tega je vrsto Lumbriculus variegatus mogoče gojiti tudi v sistemu, ki ga sestavljata plast kremenovega peska, kakršen se uporablja za umetno usedlino (globine 1–2 cm), in rekonstituirana voda.
The unequal-variance t-test (Welch t-test) or a non parametric test, such as the Mann-Whitney-U-test may be used, if these requirements are not fulfilled.
Kot posode za gojenje se lahko uporabijo posode iz stekla ali nerjavnega jekla višine od 12 do 20 cm.
Some information on the statistical power found during hypothesis testing in the ring test of the method is given in Appendix 6.
Vodno telo je treba prek pasteurjeve pipete, nameščene približno 2 cm nad površino usedline, rahlo prepihovati (npr. z 2 mehurčkoma na sekundo).
To determine significant differences between the controls (control and solvent control), the replicates of each control can be tested as described for the limit test.
Za preprečevanje kopičenja npr. amonijaka je treba vodo nad usedlino zamenjati prek pretočnega sistema ali, vsaj enkrat na teden, ročno.
If these tests do not detect significant differences, all control and solvent control replicates may be pooled.
Maloščetince je mogoče vzdrževati pri sobni temperaturi s 16 urami svetlobe (pri osvetljenosti 100–1000 lx) in 8 urami teme.
Otherwise all treatments should be compared with the solvent control.
V polstatičnih kulturah (z obnavljanjem vode enkrat na teden) se črvi hranijo dvakrat na teden s hrano TetraMin (npr. 0,6–0,8 mg na cm2 površine usedline), ki jo je mogoče vnesti kot suspenzijo 50 mg hrane TetraMin na ml deionizirane vode.
The results should be interpreted with caution if there were deviations from this test method, and where measured concentrations of test concentrations occur at levels close to the detection limit of the analytical method used.
Vrsto Lumbriculus variegatus je mogoče iz kultur odstraniti npr. s prenosom substrata s fino mrežo ali s prenosom organizmov z vroče polirano široko pipeto (premera približno 5 mm) v ločeno čašo.
Any deviations from this test method must be noted.
Če se v to čašo prenese tudi substrat, se čaša s črvi in substratom čez noč pusti v pretočnih pogojih, v katerih se bo substrat odstranil iz čase, medtem ko bodo črvi ostali na dnu posode.
The test report should include at least the following information:
Nato jih je mogoče prenesti v na novo pripravljene gojitvene rezervoarje ali pa nadalje obdelati za preskus, kot je opisano v (3) in (4) ali v nadaljevanju.
chemical identification data (common name, chemical name, structural formula, CAS number, etc.) including purity and analytical method for quantification of test chemical; source of the test chemical, identity and concentration of any solvent used.
Vprašanje, ki ga je pri uporabi vrste L. variegatus v preskusih z usedlino treba kritično obravnavati, je njen način razmnoževanja (z arhitomijo ali morfalakso, npr. (6)).
any information available on the physical nature and physical-chemical properties as obtained prior to start of the test, (e.g. water solubility, vapour pressure, partition coefficient in soil (or in sediment if available), log Kow, stability in water, etc.);
S tem nespolnim razmnoževanjem nastaneta dva fragmenta, ki se določeno obdobje ne hranita, dokler se del glave ali repa ne obnovi (npr. (7), (8)).
scientific name, source, any pre-treatment, acclimation, culture conditions, etc..
To pomeni, da izpostavljenost prek zaužitja kontaminirane usedline pri vrsti L. variegatus ne poteka neprekinjeno.
test procedure used (e.g. static, semi-static or flow-through);
Zato je treba izvesti sinhronizacijo, da se čim bolj zmanjšata nenadzorovano razmnoževanje in obnavljanje ter s tem velike razlike v rezultatih preskusov.
test design (e.g. number, material and size of test chambers, water volume per vessel, sediment mass and volume per vessel, (for flow-through or semi-static procedures: water volume replacement rate), any aeration used before and during the test, number of replicates, number of worms per replicate at start of exposure, number of test concentrations, length of conditioning, equilibration and exposure periods, sampling frequency);
Do take variacije lahko pride, če so določeni osebki, ki so fragmentirali in se zato določeno obdobje ne hranijo, izpostavljeni preskusni kemikaliji manj od drugih osebkov, ki med preskusom ne fragmentirajo (9), (10), (11).
depth of sediment and overlying water;
Črve je treba od 10 do 14 dni pred začetkom izpostavljenosti umetno fragmentirati (sinhronizacija).
method of test chemical pre-treatment and spiking/application;
Za sinhronizacijo je treba izbrati velike (odrasle) črve, ki po možnosti ne kažejo znakov nedavne morfalakse.
the nominal test concentrations, details about the sampling for chemical analysis, and the analytical methods by which concentrations of the test chemical were obtained;
Ti črvi se lahko postavijo na objektno stekelce v kapljico vode za gojenje in s skalpelom secirajo po sredini telesa.
sediment characteristics as described in paragraphs 24 - 25, and any other measurements made;
Pri tem je treba paziti, da so zadnji deli podobne velikosti.
preparation of formulated sediment;
Nato je treba zadnje dele do začetka izpostavljenosti pustiti v posodah za gojenje z istim substratom, kot je bil uporabljen v vodi za gojenje in modelni razredčevalni vodi, kjer se regenerirajo nove glave.
preparation of the test water (if reconstituted water is used) and characteristics (oxygen concentration, pH, conductivity, hardness, and any other measurements made) before the start of the test;
Regeneracija novih glav se kaže, ko se sinhronizirani črvi zarijejo v substrat (prisotnost regeneriranih glav se lahko potrdi s pregledom reprezentativnega podvzorca pod binokularnim mikroskopom).
detailed information on feeding including type of food, preparation, amount and feeding regimen;
Preskusni organizmi se nato pregledajo, da so v podobnem fiziološkem stanju.
light intensity and photoperiod(s);
To ob pojavu razmnoževanja sinhroniziranih črvov z morfalakso med preskusom pomeni, da je od skoraj vseh živali pričakovati enako izpostavljenost usedlini, ki ji je primešana preskusna kemikalija.
methods used for determination of all biological parameters (e.g. sampling, inspection, weighing of test organisms) and all abiotic parameters (e.g. water and sediment quality parameters);
Hranjenje sinhroniziranih črvov se izvede enkrat, takoj ko se črvi začnejo zakopavati v substrat, ali 7 dni po delitvi.
volumes and/or weights of all samples for chemical analysis;
Način hranjenja mora biti primerljiv z navadnimi kulturami, vendar bi se lahko sinhronizirani črvi hranili z enakim virom hrane kot se uporabi v preskusu.
detailed information on the treatment of all samples for chemical analysis, including details of preparation, storage, spiking procedures, extraction, and analytical procedures (and precision) for the test chemical, and recoveries of the test chemical.
Črve je treba shranjevati pri preskusni temperaturi, tj. 20 ± 2 °C.
water quality within the test vessels (pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, hardness, ammonia concentrations, and any other measurements made);
Po obnavljanju je treba za preskus uporabiti nepoškodovane, cele črve, ki po nežnem mehanskem dražljaju dejavno plavajo ali se plazijo.
total organic carbon content (TOC), dry weight to wet weight ratio, pH of the sediment, and any other measurements made;
Poškodbe ali avtotomijo pri črvih je treba preprečevati; s črvi je treba rokovati npr. s pipetami, ki imajo vroče polirane robove, ali z iglami iz nerjavnega jekla.
total number, and if determined, number of complete and incomplete worms in each test chamber at the end of the test;
Viri začetnih kultur za vrsto Lumbriculus variegatus (naslovi v ZDA so prevzeti iz (4))
dry weight of the worms of each test chamber at the end of the test, and if measured, dry weight of a sub-sample of the worms at start of the test;
Evropa
any observed abnormal behaviour in comparison to the controls (e.g., sediment avoidance, presence or absence of fecal pellets);
ZDA
any observed mortalities;
Department of Fisheries and Wildlife No.
estimates of toxic endpoints (e.g. ECx, NOEC and/or LOEC), and the statistical methods used for their determination;
13 Natural Resources Building
the nominal test concentrations, the measured test concentrations and the results of all analyses made to determine the concentration of the test chemical in the test vessels;
Povzetek rezultatov krožnega preskusa
compliance of the results with the validity criteria as listed in paragraph 13;
srednja vrednost števila črvov v kontrolah in kontrolah s topilom na koncu preskusa;
Chapter C.27 of this Annex, “Sediment-water chironomid toxicity test using spiked sediment”.
SD (standard deviation) = standardni odklon;
Validation of a sediment toxicity test with the endobenthic aquatic oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus by an international ring test.
KV (coefficient of variation) = koeficient variacije.
202 67 429.
Srednja vrednost števila črvov v kontrolah
Report EPS 1/RM/___
Srednja vrednost števila črvov v kontrolah s topilom
Lumbriculus variegatus, a Benthic Oligochaete, as a Bioassay Organism. p.
Srednja vrednost pri poskusih iz primerjave med laboratoriji
205-215.
srednja vrednost skupne suhe teže črvov na ponovitev v kontrolah in kontrolah s topilom na koncu preskusa;
Chapter C.1 of this Annex, Fish, Acute Toxicity Test.
KV (coefficient of variation) = koeficient variacije.
Workshop on “Bioaccumulation: Sediment test using benthic oligochaetes”, 26.-27.4.1999, Hochheim/Main, Germany.
Skupna suha teža črvov na ponovitev (kontrole)
Report on the R+D-project No. 298 67 419, Umweltbundesamt, Berlin.
Skupna suha teža črvov na ponovitev (kontrole s topilom)
A guidance to application.
Strupenost PCP:
OECD Series on Testing and Assessment No. 54, OECD, Paris, France.
povzetek končnih točk v krožnem preskusu;
March 24-25, 2004.
srednje vrednosti pri poskusih iz primerjave med laboratoriji za EC50, NOEC in LOEC;
BfG (Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde), Koblenz, Germany. pp. 107-119.
MDD (minimum detectable difference):
Additional literature on statistical procedures:
najmanjša zaznavna razlika v primerjavi s kontrolnimi vrednostmi med preskušanjem domnev, uporabljena kot merilo statistične moči.
A chemical means a substance or a mixture.
Biološki parameter
The conditioning period is used to stabilise the microbial component of the sediment and to remove e.g. ammonia originating from sediment components;
Srednja vrednost pri preskusih iz primerjave med laboratoriji (mg/kg)
it takes place prior to spiking of the sediment with the test chemical.
Faktor pri preskusih med laboratoriji
Usually, the overlying water is discarded after conditioning.
Geometrijska sredina (mg/kg)
The ECx is the concentration of the test chemical in the sediment that results in X % (e.g. 50 %) effect on a biological parameter within a stated exposure period.
Skupno število črvov
The equilibration period is used to allow for distribution of the test chemical between the solid phase, the pore water and the overlying water;
Skupna suha teža črvov
it takes place after spiking of the sediment with the test chemical and prior to addition of the test organisms.
Smrtnost/preživetje
The exposure phase is the time during which the test organisms are exposed to the test chemical.
Razmnoževanje (povečanje števila črvov na ponovitev)
Formulated sediment or reconstituted, artificial or synthetic sediment, is a mixture of materials used to mimic the physical components of a natural sediment.
Rast (povečanje biomase na ponovitev)
The Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) is the lowest tested concentration of a test chemical at which the chemical is observed to have a significant toxic effect (at p ≤ 0,05) when compared with the control.
C.36 PRESKUS RAZMNOŽEVANJA PLENILSKE PRŠICE (HYPOASPIS (GEOLAELAPS) ACULEIFER) V TLEH
However, all test concentrations above the LOEC must have an effect equal to or greater than those observed at the LOEC.
Ta preskusna metoda je enakovredna Smernici za preskušanje OECD (TG) 226 (2008).
If these two conditions cannot be satisfied, a full explanation must be given for how the LOEC (and hence the NOEC) has been selected.
Ta preskusna metoda je zasnovana za ocenjevanje učinkov kemikalij v tleh na sposobnost razmnoževanja vrste talne pršice Hypoaspis (Geolaelaps) aculeifer Canestrini (Acari: Laelapidae), zato omogoča oceno zaviranja hitrosti rasti določene populacije (1,2).
The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) is the test concentration immediately below the LOEC which, when compared with the control, has no statistically significant effect (p ≤ 0,05), within a given exposure period.
Sposobnost razmnoževanja pri tem pomeni število mladičev na koncu obdobja preskušanja.
The octanol-water partitioning coefficient (Kow; also sometimes expressed as Pow) is the ratio of the solubility of a chemical in n-octanol and water at equilibrium and represents the lipophilicity of a chemical (Chapter A.24 of this Annex).
Vrsta H. aculeifer predstavlja dodatno trofično raven za vrste, za katere so preskusne metode že na voljo.
The Kow or its logarithm of Kow (log Kow) is used as an indication of the potential of a chemical for bioaccumulation by aquatic organisms.
Za namen te preskusne metode velja, da zadošča preskus razmnoževanja brez razlikovanja in kvantifikacije različnih faz razmnoževalnega cikla.
The organic carbon-water partitioning coefficient (Koc) is the ratio of a chemical's concentration in/on the organic carbon fraction of a sediment and the chemical's concentration in water at equilibrium.
Za kemijske snovi z drugačnim scenarijem izpostavljenosti, ki ne poteka prek tal, so lahko primerni drugi pristopi (3).
Overlying water is the water covering the sediment in the test vessel.
Vrsta Hypoaspis (Geolaelaps) aculeifer velja za ustrezno predstavnico talne favne in še posebej plenilskih pršic.
Pore water or interstitial water is the water occupying space between sediment or soil particles.
Živi po vsem svetu (5) ter jo je enostavno zbirati in gojiti v laboratoriju.
Spiked sediment is sediment to which test chemical has been added.
Povzetek biologije vrste H. aculeifer je v Dodatku 7.
Composition of the recommended reconstituted water
Na voljo so osnovne informacije o ekologiji vrste pršice in njeni uporabi pri ekotoksikološkem preskušanju (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), (12).
(adopted from Chapter C.1 of this Annex (1))
Odrasle samice se izpostavijo razponu koncentracij preskusne kemikalije, vmešane v tla.
Dissolve 11,76 g CaCl2·2H2O in deionised water;
Samci v preskus niso vneseni, saj izkušnje kažejo, da se samice takoj po tem, ko se izležejo iz faze deutonimfe, parijo, če so prisotni samci.
make up to 1 l with deionised water
Poleg tega bi vključitev samcev podaljšala preskus tako, da bi bilo potrebno zahtevno razlikovanje starostnih skupin.
Magnesium sulphate solution
Zato samo parjenje ni del preskusa.
Dissolve 4,93 g MgSO4·7H2O in deionised water;
Samice so vnesene v preskus 28–35 dni po začetku obdobja odlaganja jajčec pri sinhronizaciji (glej Dodatek 4), saj samice takrat lahko veljajo za že parjene in so že prešle fazo pred obdobjem odlaganja jajčec.
Sodium bicarbonate solution
Pri temperaturi 20 °C se preskus konča 14. dan po vnosu samic (dan 0), kar omogoča, da prvi potomci v kontroli dosežejo fazo deutonimfe (glej Dodatek 4).
Dissolve 2,59 g NaHCO3 in deionised water;
Za glavno merjeno spremenljivko se določi število mladičev na preskusne posode in dodatno še število preživelih samic.
Potassium chloride solution
Po možnosti morajo biti znani topnost v vodi, vrednost log Kow, porazdelitveni koeficient tla/voda in parni tlak preskusne kemikalije.
Dissolve 0,23 g KCl in deionised water;
Zaželene so dodatne informacije o usodi preskusne kemikalije v tleh, kot so hitrosti biotske in abiotske razgradnje.
All chemicals must be of analytical grade.
Da se rezultati preskusa štejejo za veljavne, morajo biti v netretiranih kontrolah izpolnjena naslednja merila: