natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
DTT is the main platform for free-to-air terrestrial television, where the number of players in the national market is determined by the number of licences granted by the Spanish government.
Nazadnje, na podlagi podatkov iz maja 2010 [65] pokritje z digitalno prizemno televizijo v Španiji dosega 98,85 % prebivalstva, medtem ko televizijo prek prizemne platforme gleda le 93,5 % gospodinjstev.
Funding for free-to-air terrestrial television channels comes from advertising.
Tako ima do digitalne prizemne televizije dostop 5 % gospodinjstev, ki je ne uporablja, saj je večina od njih naročena na plačljivo satelitsko televizijo.
As for satellite television, a large number of channels are available on the only pay-television platform in Spain, for which Astra is the network operator.
Zaradi konkurence med satelitsko in prizemno platformo za radiodifuzijo ukrep za uporabo, upravljanje in vzdrževanje digitalne prizemne televizije na območju II pomeni izkrivljanje konkurence med obema platformama.
These channels are funded by subscriptions, generally for a package of channels.
Končno bi bilo treba opozoriti, da so zaradi ukrepa prikrajšane tudi druge platforme, zlasti IPTV.
Spanish authorities underline in addition that in Spain the cost of satellite distribution for broadcasters is much higher than the cost of terrestrial broadcasting and therefore the free-to-air broadcasters, including regional and local ones, are not interested in switching to this platform.
Čeprav širokopasovna povezava še ni dosegla celotnega območja II, je zelo verjetno, da bo v prihodnosti znatno razširila svoje pokritje.
For several reasons indicated in the decision it is concluded that terrestrial and satellite platforms operate in the same market.
Kombinacija tehnologij bi bila morda učinkovitejša za doseganje pokritja območja II.
First of all, in 2008 Astra competed for the extension of coverage of digital television in Cantabria and won the tender.
V tem primeru bi lahko druge platforme prispevale k cilju in imele koristi od ukrepa pomoči.
In 2008 Astra held a series of meetings with the Autonomous Communities to whom it presented its offer to broadcast digital television channels so far broadcasted via terrestrial platform.
Vpliv na trgovino
Even if the contract with Cantabria was later on terminated by the authorities, the interest of the satellite operator in providing services in competition with the terrestrial platform suggests that there exists a possibility for satellite to provide similar services.
Ukrep vpliva na trgovino znotraj Unije.
Second, several public and private channels distributed via terrestrial platform are also broadcasted via satellite platforms, including Astra itself [64].
Iz sodne prakse evropskih sodišč izhaja, da kadar „finančna pomoč, dodeljena s strani države ali prek državnih virov, okrepi položaj podjetja v primerjavi z drugimi podjetji, ki tekmujejo v prometu znotraj Skupnosti, za zadnja velja, da so zaradi te pomoči prizadeta“ [66].
Third, concerning the regional channels, some of them are available or were available in the recent past via satellite platform, which contradicts the statement that the regional broadcasters are not interested in satellite.
Omrežni operaterji delujejo v sektorju, ki vključuje trgovanje med državami članicami.
Fourth, some broadcasters have declared a preference for terrestrial transmission because they have acquired rights to broadcast content only for the terrestrial platform.
Abertis je del mednarodne skupine družb, tako kot Astra, ki je ena od pritožnic.
This, however, does not imply that there exist different markets for terrestrial and satellite transmission.
Astra, ki ima sedež v drugi državi članici (v Luksemburgu), bi v primeru tehnično nevtralnega razpisa oddala ponudbo za zagotavljanje digitalnega omrežja v regiji Kastilja in Manča.
As they have acquired content rights for the terrestrial platform, if necessary, broadcasters could do the same for the satellite.
Ukrep torej vpliva na trgovino med državami članicami.
Further, if a satellite platform is selected on the basis of a public tender, a ‘must carry obligation’ could be imposed on the broadcasters.
Sklepna ugotovitev v zvezi z obstojem pomoči
Such a ‘must carry obligation’ was imposed on broadcasters for Area III where the satellite platform was selected.
Glede na prej navedene argumente Komisija meni, da ukrep izpolnjuje merila iz člena 107(1) Pogodbe.
Finally, according to data from May 2010 [65], the coverage of DTT in Spain reaches 98,85 % of the population while only 93,5 % of the households watch TV via the terrestrial platform.
V teh okoliščinah je treba ukrep šteti za državno pomoč v smislu člena 107(1) Pogodbe.
Thus, 5 % of households have access to DTT but choose not to use it, as most of them are subscribed to pay-TV via satellite.
OCENA ZDRUŽLJIVOSTI
In conclusion, as satellite and terrestrial broadcasting platforms compete, the measure, for the deployment and operation and maintenance of DTT in Area II entails a distortion of competition between the two platforms.
Komisija dejavno podpira prehod z analogne na digitalno radiodifuzijo.
Finally, it should be noted that other platforms, especially IPTV, are also disadvantaged due to the measure.
Prednosti digitalnega preklopa so bile poudarjene v akcijskem načrtu „eEvropa 2005: Informacijska družba za vse“ in dveh sporočilih, ki se nanašata na digitalni preklop [67].
Even if broadband has not yet reached the entirety of Area II, it is very likely that in the future it will extend its coverage significantly.
Komisija se tudi zaveda, da bi lahko prišlo do odloga digitalnega preklopa, če bi bil v celoti prepuščen tržnim silam.
It is possible that a mix of technologies would have been more efficient to achieve coverage of Area II.
Države članice lahko pomoč uporabijo za premagovanje specifičnega nedelovanja trga ali za zagotovitev socialne ali regionalne kohezije [68].
In this case such other platforms could have contributed to the objective and they could have benefitted from the aid measure.
V teh primerih pa mora biti vsakič dokazano, da je zadevna pomoč ustrezen instrument za obravnavanje težave, da je omejena na potrebni minimum in da ne povzroča neupravičenega izkrivljanja konkurence.
Effect on trade
Sporočilo o preklopu [69] podobno določa, da bi bila na specifičnem področju digitalizacije javna intervencija upravičena pod dvema pogojema: prvič, če gre za splošne interese, in drugič, če gre za nedelovanje trga, kar pomeni, da same tržne sile ne dosegajo rezultatov v smislu kolektivne blaginje.
The measure has an impact on intra-Union trade.
Določa tudi, da mora biti javna intervencija v vsakem primeru podprta z zanesljivo tržno analizo.
In line with the case-law of the European Courts, when ‘State financial aid or aid from State resources strengthens the position of an undertaking as compared with undertakings competing in intra-Community trade, the latter must be regarded as affected by that aid’ [66].
Sporočilo o preklopu tudi navaja, da prehod na digitalno radiodifuzijo pomeni velik izziv za panogo, ki jo mora poganjati trg.
Network operators are active in a sector in which trade exists between Member States.
Načeloma bi moralo vsako omrežje konkurirati po svojih močeh.
Abertis forms part of an international group of companies, so does one of the complainants, Astra.
Za zaščito tega načela bi si morala vsaka javna intervencija prizadevati, da je tehnološko nevtralna.
Astra, based in another Member State (Luxembourg), would have bid for the provision of a digital network in the region of Castilla-La Mancha, if a technologically neutral tender had been organised.
Izjeme je pri tem načelu mogoče predvideti samo, če je intervencija usmerjena v specifično nedelovanje trga ali neravnovesje ter je hkrati ustrezna, potrebna in sorazmerna za premagovanje teh težav.
The measure therefore affects trade between Member States.
Če bi bilo to prepuščeno trgu, bi obstajalo tveganje, da prednosti digitalne televizije zaradi prikrajšanega socialnega položaja ne bi mogli izkoriščati vsi deli prebivalstva.
Conclusions on the presence of aid
V zvezi z vprašanjem socialne kohezije lahko države članice skušajo zagotoviti, da imajo dostop do digitalne televizije po izklopu analogne televizije vsi državljani.
In the view of the arguments exposed above, the Commission considers that the measure fulfils the criteria enshrined in Article 107(1) TFEU.
Ker preklop na digitalno televizijo pomeni stroške za uporabnike in zahteva spremembo navad, bodo države članice morda želele pomagati zlasti prikrajšanim skupinam v družbi, kot so starejši ljudje, gospodinjstva z nizkimi dohodki ali ljudje, ki živijo na odročnih območjih.
Under those circumstances, the measure has to be considered as State aid within the meaning of Article 107(1) TFEU.
Komisija je pravila o državni pomoči v tem sektorju uporabila v več sklepih o državni pomoči na podlagi sporočil o digitalnem preklopu [70].
COMPATIBILITY ASSESSMENT
Države članice imajo več možnosti za dodelitev javnega financiranja za preklop, s katerim še naprej zagotavljajo ustrezno televizijsko pokritje na vseh geografskih območjih.
The Commission actively supports the transition from analogue to digital broadcasting.
Te možnosti vključujejo financiranje uvedbe omrežja za prenos na območjih, kjer bi bilo televizijsko pokritje sicer nezadostno [71].
The advantages of the digital switch-over were underlined in the Action Plan eEurope 2005 and in the two Communications relating to the digital switchover [67].
Tako financiranje pa se lahko dodeli samo, če ne pomeni nepotrebnega izkrivljanja med tehnologijami ali družbami ter je omejeno na potrebni minimum.
The Commission also recognises that the digital switch-over could be delayed if left entirely to market forces.
Pravne osnove za oceno združljivosti predvidenega ukrepa
Member States may use aid to overcome a specific market failure or to ensure social or regional cohesion [68].
Španski organi se pri utemeljitvi ukrepa, če bi se ugotovilo, da pomeni državno pomoč v skladu s členom 107(1) Pogodbe, sklicujejo na člen 107(3)(c) in člen 106(2) Pogodbe.
However, it must be shown in each specific case that the aid is necessary to address the issue, that it is an appropriate instrument, limited to the minimum necessary and does not unduly distort competition.
Komisija v nadaljevanju ocenjuje združljivost ukrepa z vidika teh določb, pri čemer se upoštevajo prej pojasnjeni splošni vidiki.
Similarly, the Switchover Communication [69] provides that in the specific area of digitisation, public intervention would be justified under two premises: first, the presence of general interests which are at stake; secondly, the existence of a market failure, that is, market forces alone fail to deliver in terms of collective welfare.
Člen 107(3)(c) Pogodbe
It also specifies that in any case, public intervention should be supported by a sound market analysis.
Da bi bila pomoč združljiva v smislu člena 107(3)(c) Pogodbe, Komisija izvede preskus izravnave pozitivnih in negativnih učinkov pomoči.
The Switchover Communication also indicates that the transition to digital broadcasting represents a big industrial challenge that must be led by the market.
Pri uporabi preskusa izravnave Komisija obravnava naslednja vprašanja:
In principle, each network should compete on its own strengths.
Ali je ukrep pomoči namenjen natančno opredeljenemu cilju skupnega interesa?
In order to safeguard this principle, any public intervention shall aim at being technologically neutral.
Ali je pomoč oblikovana za dosego cilja skupnega interesa, tj. ali je usmerjena v nedelovanje trga ali drug cilj?
Exceptions from this principle can only be envisaged if the intervention targets a specific market failure or equity issue and is at the same time necessary, appropriate and proportionate to overcome these difficulties.
Zlasti:
If left to the market, in view of their disadvantaged social situation, there is a risk that not all parts of the population can benefit from the advantages of digital television.
Ali je ukrep pomoči ustrezen instrument, tj. ali obstajajo drugi, primernejši instrumenti?
With respect to this social cohesion problem, Member States may want to make sure that all citizens have access to digital television once analogue TV is switched off.
Ali obstaja spodbujevalni učinek, tj. ali pomoč spremeni ravnanje podjetij?
Since the digital switch-over entails costs for consumers and requires a change in habits, Member States may want to assist in particular the disadvantaged groups of society such as elderly people, low-income households or people living in peripheral regions.
Ali je ukrep pomoči sorazmeren, tj. ali bi bilo mogoče enako spremembo v ravnanju doseči z manjšo pomočjo?
In several State aid decisions, based on the Communications related to the digital switch-over, the Commission applied the State aid rules in this sector [70].
Ali so izkrivljanje konkurence in učinki na trgovino omejeni, tako da je skupno ravnotežje pozitivno?
Member States have several possibilities to grant public funding for the switch-over to ensure that all geographical areas continue to have appropriate TV coverage.
Cilj skupnega interesa
This includes funding for the roll-out of a transmission network in areas where otherwise there would be insufficient TV coverage [71].
Nacionalna shema pomoči, kot jo izvaja JCCM za Kastiljo in Mančo, je namenjena pospešitvi postopka digitalnega preklopa v Španiji in zagotavljanju neprekinjenega televizijskega sprejema prebivalcem nekaterih oddaljenih in podeželskih območij.
Such funding may however be granted only if it does not entail an unnecessary distortion between technologies or companies and is limited to the minimum necessary.
Zato je namen ukrepa omogočiti televizijski prenos ljudem, ki živijo na navedenih območjih, in jim zagotoviti ustavno pravico do dostopa do informacij.
Legal bases for assessing the compatibility of the envisaged measure
Kot je že navedeno v uvodni izjavi (138), Komisija v akcijskem načrtu eEvropa 2005 [72] in v dveh sporočilih o prehodu z analogne na digitalno radiodifuzijo [73] priznava pomen in koristi digitalnega prenosa.
The Spanish authorities have invoked Articles 107(3)(c) and 106(2) TFEU to justify the measure if it was found to constitute State aid in accordance with Article 107(1) TFEU.
V sporočilu „Akcijski načrt i2010 – Evropska informacijska družba za rast in zaposlovanje“ [74] Komisija poudarja, da bo načrtovani izklop analogne prizemne televizije do leta 2012 izboljšal dostop do spektra v Evropi.
In the following, the Commission assesses the compatibility of the measure in view of these provisions, taking into account the general considerations outlined above.
Ker digitalna radiodifuzija spekter uporablja učinkoviteje, sprošča njegovo zmogljivost za druge uporabnike, kot so nove storitve radiodifuzije in mobilne telefonije, ki bodo spodbudile inovacije ter rast televizijskega in elektronskega komunikacijskega sektorja.
Article 107(3)(c) TFEU
Zato Komisija meni, da je ukrep namenjen natančno opredeljenemu cilju skupnega interesa.
In order for the aid to be compatible under article 107(3)(c), the Commission balances positive and negative effects of the aid.
Natančno opredeljena pomoč
In applying the balancing test, the Commission assesses the following questions:
Nedelovanje trga
Is the aid measure aimed at a well-defined objective of common interest?
Kot so navedli španski organi, je splošno priznano, da obstaja tveganje, da vsi sektorji prebivalstva ne bodo imeli koristi od digitalne televizije (težava socialne in regionalne kohezije).
Is the aid well designed to deliver the objective of common interest i.e. does the proposed aid address a market failure or other objective?
Nedelovanje trga lahko obstaja, kadar subjekti na trgu ne upoštevajo ustrezno pozitivnih učinkov digitalnega preklopa na družbo kot celoto, ker za to nimajo gospodarskih spodbud (pozitivni zunanji učinki).
In particular:
Poleg tega bi države članice v zvezi s socialno kohezijo morda želele zagotoviti, da imajo po izklopu analogne televizije dostop do digitalne televizije vsi državljani, zato se lahko odloči tudi za ukrepe za zagotovitev nadaljnjega ustreznega televizijskega pokritja na vseh geografskih območjih.
Is the aid measure an appropriate instrument, i.e. are there other, better place instruments?
Kot je že navedeno v sklepu o začetku postopka, Komisija ugotavlja obstoj nedelovanja trga, saj izdajatelji televizijskega programa niso pripravljeni kriti dodatnih stroškov razširitve pokritja, ki presega njihove predpisane obveznosti.
Is there an incentive effect, i.e. does the aid change the behaviour of firms?
Poleg tega naložb za zagotovitev sprejema digitalnih kanalov prek satelita za vse prebivalce območja II niso izvedli niti satelitske platforme niti zasebna gospodinjstva.
Is the aid measure proportional, i.e. could the same change in behaviour be obtained with less aid?
Zato Komisija meni, da so lahko ljudje s stalnim prebivališčem na podeželskem območju popolnoma izključeni iz sprejema nekodiranega digitalnega televizijskega signala, če se digitalno pokritje v celoti prepusti tržnim silam, in da bi bila javna intervencija v obliki finančne pomoči posameznikom lahko koristna.
Are the distortions of competition and the effect on trade limited, so that the overall balance is positive?
Tehnološka nevtralnost
Objective of common interest
V primerih digitalnega preklopa je načelo tehnološke nevtralnosti močno poudarjeno v več odločitvah Komisije [75].
The national aid scheme, as implemented by JCCM for Castilla-La Mancha, aims at acceleration of the digital switch-over process in Spain and ensuring the continuity of TV reception to residents of certain remote and rural areas.
Načelo sta podprli tudi Splošno sodišče in Sodišče [76].
In this respect, the measure is targeted to allow people living in those areas to watch television and to exercise their constitutional right to access information.
Tehnologija bi morala biti običajno izbrana prek tehnološko nevtralnega razpisa, kot je to veljalo za druge države članice [77].
As already mentioned at recital 138, the Commission has recognised the importance and the benefits of the digital transmission in the Action Plan eEurope 2005 [72] as well as in its two Communications on the transition from analogue to digital broadcasting [73].
Izvedba postopka oddaje javnega naročila je lahko draga in povzroči zamude pri izvajanju projekta.
In its iCommunication — A European Information Society for growth and employment [74], the Commission has pointed out that the planned switching off of analogue terrestrial television by 2012 will improve access to spectrum in Europe.
V nekaterih primerih tak postopek morda ni upravičen, če se lahko predhodno ugotovi, da se za zahtevane storitve lahko uporablja samo ena določena tehnologija ali jih lahko opravlja samo en določen ponudnik.
As digital broadcasting uses spectrum more efficiently, it frees up spectrum capacity for other users, such as new broadcasting and mobile telephony services, which will in turn stimulate innovation and growth in the TV and electronic communications industries.
Izbira določene tehnologije je zato lahko sprejemljiva, če je izbira utemeljena na podlagi rezultatov predhodne študije.
The Commission is therefore of the opinion that the measure is targeted at a well-defined objective of common interest.
Študija bi morala obravnavati merila oblikovanja cen in kakovosti.
Well-designed aid
Ker bi odločitev o izbiri določene tehnologije preprečila konkurenco s strani drugih dobaviteljev, ki bi lahko predstavili svoje proizvode in predlagali cene, bi morali biti rezultati študije nedvoumni in trdni.
Market failure
Komisija je v preteklosti priznala, da je študija lahko podlaga za izbiro določene tehnološke rešitve [78].
As stated by the Spanish authorities, it is generally recognised that there is a risk that not all the parts of the population can benefit from the advantages of digital television (problem of social and regional cohesion).
Vendar mora dokaze predložiti država članica, ki mora dokazati, da so rezultati študije dovolj trdni in je bila študija izvedena čim bolj neodvisno [79].
A market failure might exist where market players do not take sufficiently into account the positive effects of digital switch-over on society as a whole because they do not have the economic incentives to do so (positive externalities).
V zvezi s tem so španski organi in Abertis predlagali več študij, ki se obravnavajo v nadaljevanju.
Moreover, with respect to social cohesion, Member States may want to make sure that all citizens have access to digital TV once analogue TV is switched off and may therefore also consider measures to ensure that all geographical areas continue to have appropriate TV coverage.
Študije o stroških
As already discussed in the opening decision, the Commission recognises that there exists a market failure in that the broadcasters are unwilling to bear additional costs of the extension of coverage beyond their statutory obligations.
Organi Kastilje in Manče so trdili, da je bil preiskovani ukrep namenjen digitalni prizemni radiodifuziji na podlagi rezultatov predhodne študije, ki je bila izvedena pred sprejetjem Odloka.
Moreover, neither the satellite nor private households have carried out investments ensuring the reception of digital channels via satellite by all the inhabitants of Area II.
V „primerjalni socialno-ekonomski študiji“ [80], povzeti v uvodnih izjavah 59 do 61, je bilo ugotovljeno, da bi bila prizemna rešitev stroškovno najučinkovitejša.
Therefore, the Commission recognises that people whose usual residence is in a rural area may be totally excluded from the free-to-air digital television signal reception if the digital coverage is left entirely to market forces and that public intervention can be beneficial through financial supports to individuals.
Na začetku študije je navedena količinska opredelitev prebivalstva, za katerega bi se lahko izbrala tehnološka možnost.
Technological neutrality
Večina Kastilje in Manče spada na območje I, kjer je bil preklop na digitalno prizemno televizijo že izveden.
In digital switch-over cases, the principle of technological neutrality is well enshrined in several Commission decisions [75].
V nekaterih primerih se območje I in območje II prekrivata.
It has been upheld by the General Court and the Court of Justice [76].
Študija navaja, da bi se morala zaradi tehničnih razlogov v teh regijah (ki so že delno opremljene z digitalno prizemno televizijo) upoštevati samo razširitev digitalne prizemne televizije.
The choice of technology should normally be established by a technologically neutral tender, as happened in other Member States [77].
Študija je pri primerjavi satelitske tehnologije in digitalne prizemne televizije zato obravnavala samo okoli 9,8 % prebivalstva.
Carrying out such a tender may be costly or may delay the implementation of the project.
Drugič, avtor študije meni, da v tej podskupini del prebivalstva poleg tega prejema regionalne televizijske storitve prek prizemne platforme.
In some cases this may not be justified, if it can be established ex ante that only one particular technology or a particular provider can render the requested services.
Brez nadaljnje ocene je bilo sklenjeno, da bi bilo za te storitve „bolj smiselno, da bi prebivalstvo sprejelo druge načine sprejema“.
Choosing a particular technology may therefore be acceptable if this choice is justified by findings of an ex ante study.
Nazadnje, za 2,85 % prebivalstva, tj. 57510 prebivalcev v 689 vaseh, bi bilo treba razmisliti o drugi tehnologiji.
Such a study would have to look into pricing and quality criteria.
Na začetku študije so izračunani približni skupni stroški satelitske platforme, vključno s stroški namestitve sprejemnikov, predpostavkami, ki temeljijo na podatkih o trgu v zvezi s stroškom najema satelitskega transponderja, in stroški upravljanja in vzdrževanja za deset let, nato pa sledi primerjava teh stroškov z ocenjenimi skupnimi stroški prizemne platforme.