natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
With regard to the lectures given by VDM employees at Fachhochschule Hannover (see recital 62), the Commission finds that courses at public technical universities fall within the scope of state-run public education.
Da bi bilo dodeljene ugodnosti mogoče šteti za državno pomoč v smislu člena 107(1) PDEU, morajo biti, prvič, dodeljene neposredno ali posredno iz državnih sredstev, in, drugič, tako, da jih je mogoče pripisati državi [25].
Union case-law has established that public education organised within the national educational system funded and supervised by the state may be regarded as a non-economic activity.
Glede ukrepov, opisanih v oddelku 2 tega sklepa, velja, da se podpora dodeljuje na podlagi zakonodaje zveznih dežel, katere pravni okvir pa je MFG.
The Court has thus stated that, ‘by establishing and maintaining such a system of public education, normally financed from the public purse and not by pupils or their parents, the state does not intend to become involved in activities for remuneration, but carries out its task towards its population in the social, cultural and educational areas’ [22].
Prvi stavek člena 22(1) MFG konkretno določa, da lahko deželne vlade za spodbujanje sektorja mleka v posvetovanju z deželnim združenjem ali poklicnimi organizacijami skupaj pobirajo dajatve od mlekarn, zbirnih centrov za mleko in postaj za zbiranje smetane v višini do 0,1 centa na kilogram dobavljenega mleka.
The lectures form part of the teaching programme of a public higher education institution.
V skladu z drugim stavkom člena 22(1) MFG lahko deželne vlade na predlog deželnega združenja ali poklicnih organizacij skupaj pobirajo dajatve v višini do 0,2 centa na kilogram dobavljenega mleka, če dajatve iz prvega stavka ne zadostujejo za opravljanje nalog.
The public education organised by this institution should be regarded as a non-economic activity (see recital 123).
Deželne vlade sicer pobirajo dajatev na mleko „v posvetovanju“ z deželnim združenjem.
The Commission takes it that teaching activities are secondary activities and, as such, not an economic activity [23].
Toda posvetovanje pomeni bistveno šibkejšo obliko udeležbe od soglasja.
Where there is no economic activity, there can be no favouring of undertakings within the meaning of Article 107(1) of the TFEU.
Medtem ko soglasje pomeni, da je nujen pogoj za sprejetje akta (za njegovo zakonitost) strinjanje drugega organa (npr. zakonodajni organ, uradni organ), odločitev, ki jo je treba sprejeti v „posvetovanju“ z drugim organom, v končni fazi ni odvisna od njegovega strinjanja.
Consequently, this activity does not constitute State aid within the meaning of that provision.
Oblike udeležbe se v nemškem upravnem pravu včasih stopenjsko razvrščajo na tak način [26].
Sub-measures constituting aid
Ker je v prvem stavku člena 22(1) MFG kot oblika udeležbe določeno posvetovanje, so za pobiranje dajatve pristojne in o njem odločajo izključno deželne vlade [27].
Article 107(1) TFEU lays down that any aid granted by a Member State or through State resources in any form which distorts or threatens to distort competition by favouring certain undertakings or the production of certain goods and affects trade between Member States is incompatible with the internal market.
Nasprotno so deželna združenja zgolj vključena v pripravo in tehnično izvajanje ukrepov, ki jih je treba sprejeti v skladu s členom 22 (člen 14(1) MFG), pri čemer jih nadzira najvišji deželni organ (člen 14(2) in (4) MFG).
Aid granted by the state or through state resources
Glede na to so pravna podlaga za pobiranje dajatve na mleko v posameznih zveznih deželah uredbe dežel, ki urejajo podrobnosti pobiranja dajatve, med drugim njeno višino [28].
It must be examined on the basis of the available information and, in particular, the comments submitted by the parties involved and by the German authorities whether the milk levy resources constitute State aid within the meaning of Article 107(1) TFEU.
Pobiranje dajatve ureja torej država (ki jo predstavlja deželna vlada).
According to settled case-law, it is not appropriate to distinguish between cases in which aid is granted directly by the state and those in which it is granted by a public or private body designated or established by that state [24].
Kot je obrazloženo v uvodni izjavi 130, ni v nasprotju s tem niti dejstvo, da so bile uredbe sprejete v posvetovanju s posameznim deželnim združenjem sektorja mleka.
However, for advantages to be capable of being categorised as State aid within the meaning of Article 107(1) TFEU, they must, first, be granted directly or indirectly through state resources and, second, be imputable to the state [25].
V obravnavanem primeru se dajatev pobira pri zasebnih podjetjih.
With regard to the measures described in Section 2 of this Decision, support is granted on the basis of the legal provisions of the Länder for which the Milk and Fat Law in turn forms the legal framework.
Preden se prihodki iz te dajatve uporabijo za financiranje različnih podpornih ukrepov, se stekajo v deželni proračun, v katerem jih je treba v skladu s prvim stavkom člena 22(3) MFG upravljati ločeno.
Specifically, the first sentence of Section 22(1) of the MFG provides that the Land governments, acting in consultation with the Land association or professional organisations, may support the dairy industry by collecting levies of up to 0,1 cent per kilogram of delivered milk jointly from dairies, milk collection centres and creameries.
V skladu s členom 23 posameznih deželnih zakonov o proračunu (glej uvodno izjavo 19) se smejo izdatki in odobritve za prevzem obveznosti za dajatve organom izven deželne uprave za izpolnjevanje določenih namenov (pomoči) načrtovati samo, če ima dežela za izpolnjevanje preko takih organov velik interes, ki ga brez pomoči ni mogoče zadovoljiti ali ga ni mogoče zadovoljiti v potrebnem obsegu.
Under the second sentence of Section 22(1) of the MFG, Land Governments may, if requested to do so by the Land association or professional organisations, collect joint levies of up to 0,2 cents per kilogram of delivered milk if the levies provided for under the first sentence are not sufficient for the performance of tasks.
Ta določba pomeni, da obstaja državni interes za izvajanje ukrepov.
The Land Governments collect the milk levy in consultation with the Land association in question.
Dejstvo, da se v Turingiji dajatve, ki zapadejo v plačilo, plačajo na fiduciarni račun z nazivom „dajatev na mleko“ združenja Landesvereinigung Thüringer Milch e.
However, ‘consultation’ represents a significantly weaker form of participation than ‘agreement’.
V. (uvodna izjava 89, člen 3(1) UmlErhVO zvezne dežele Turingije), ni v nasprotju z navedenim državnim interesom.
While ‘agreement’ means that another body (e.g. a legislative body or authority) must necessarily give its consent before a legal act is adopted, a decision that is to be adopted in ‘consultation’ with another body is not ultimately dependent on that other body's consent.
Zaostale dajatve in obresti se tudi v Turingiji izterjujejo v skladu z določbami Davčnega zakonika in njegovih izvedbenih določb (člen 3(4) UmlErhVO zvezne dežele Turingije).
This distinction between different forms of participation is made in some areas of German administrative law [26].
Poleg tega že iz narave fiduciarnega računa izhaja, da imetnik računa z razpoložljivimi sredstvi ne more razpolagati poljubno, temveč le v okviru veljavnih pravnih določb, ki jih je v obravnavanem primeru sprejela država.
Because the first sentence of Section 22(1) of the MFG provides for the form of participation of ‘consultation’, the power to collect the levy and the decision to do so lie solely with the Land governments [27].
Komisija v odgovor na argumente zainteresiranih strani in organov Nemčije ugotavlja, kot je navedeno v nadaljevanju.
By contrast, the Land associations are only ‘involved’ in the preparation and technical implementation of the measures to be adopted under Section 22 (Section 14(1) MFG) and are subject in this respect to the supervision of the highest Land authority (Section 14(2) and (4) MFG).
V zvezi s trditvijo LVN, da deželna združenja merodajno odločajo o pobiranju dajatve od mlekarn (uvodne izjave 83–87 in 91), Komisija ugotavlja, da je zveza za pobiranje dajatve na mleko s členom 22(1) MFG, torej zakonsko, pooblastila deželne vlade.
The legal basis for collecting a milk levy in the individual German Länder is accordingly provided by Land regulations on the detailed arrangements for collecting the levy, including the amount of the levy [28].
Določba med drugim določa, da sme dajatev na mleko praviloma znašati do 0,1 centa na kilogram in da lahko deželne vlade na predlog deželnega združenja ali poklicnih organizacij skupaj pobirajo dajatve do 0,2 centa na kilogram dobavljenega mleka.
It is therefore the state (represented by the respective Land Government) that regulates the levy's collection.
MFG v točkah 1–6 člena 22(2) še določa, v katere namene je dovoljeno uporabljati sredstva iz dajatve na mleko.
As explained in recital 130 above, this is not altered by the fact that the regulations in question were issued in consultation with the respective Land association representing the dairy industry.
V skladu s tretjim stavkom člena 22(3) MFG se je treba z deželnimi združenji ali poklicnimi organizacijami pred uporabo sredstev zgolj posvetovati.
In the case in hand, a levy is collected from private undertakings.
Iz tega izhaja, da je država (na zvezni ravni) deželnim združenjem sicer priznala določene pravice do sodelovanja, vendar je hkrati postavila jasen zakonski okvir pri določitvi višine stopnje dajatve na mleko in uporabi sredstev, tako da morajo nazadnje o tem odločati posamezne deželne vlade (ali po prenosu pristojnosti najvišji deželni organi).
Revenues from this levy accrue to the respective Land budget before they are used to fund the various support measures and, under the first sentence of Section 22(3) of the MFG, must be managed separately within it.
Tako na primer ne bi bilo mogoče, da bi se na predlog deželnih združenj stopnja dajatve zvišala na več kot 0,2 centa na kilogram ali da bi se sredstva uporabila za drugačne namene od tistih iz točk 1–6 člena 22(2) MFG.
Under Section 23 of the respective budgetary ordinances (see recital 19), expenditure and commitment appropriations for payments to bodies outside the Land administration to meet specific purposes (subsidies) may only be made available if the Land has a significant interest in the bodies in question fulfilling a given purpose that cannot be satisfied, or not to the necessary extent, without subsidies.
Poleg tega obveznost posvetovanja, ki je določena glede uporabe (tretji stavek člena 22(3) MFG), nikakor ne pomeni, da je treba mnenje udeležencev v posvetovanju upoštevati.
This requirement implies that there is a State interest in the measures being implemented.
Dokončno odločitev o uporabi sredstev sprejmejo deželni organi, torej država.
The fact that in Thuringia levy payments are made into the ‘Milk levy’ trust account of Landesvereinigung Thüringer Milch e.
To je bistvena razlika v primerjavi z zadevo Doux Élevage, ki jo je navedlo LVN.
V. (recital 89, Section 3(1) of the Thuringia Levy Collection Regulation) is not contrary to that State interest.
Pobiranje dajatve na mleko in ustrezno uporabo sredstev ureja država na dveh ravneh, in sicer na zvezni in deželni ravni.
In Thuringia outstanding levies and interest are also collected in accordance with the provisions of the General Tax Code and its implementing provisions (Section 3(4) of the Thuringia Levy Collection Regulation).
Zakonodajalec v Nemčiji ni samo določil pristojnosti deželne vlade za pobiranje, ampak je tudi z zveznim zakonom omejil manevrski prostor za razpolaganje s sredstvi iz dajatev na deželni ravni.
It is also in the nature of a trust account that the account holder's access to the funds available is not unrestricted, but subject to the statutory requirements set in this case by the State.
Deželna združenja tudi ne morejo npr. poskušati s predlogom spremeniti namene podpore iz točk 1–6 člena 22(2) MFG.
In response to the arguments presented by the interested parties and the German authorities, the Commission finds as follows:
Take državne omejitve v dejanskem stanu v zadevah Val'Hor in Doux Élevage ni bilo.
With regard to LVN's assertion that it is the Land associations that actually decide to collect the levy from dairies (recitals 83 to 87 and 91), the Commission considers that it is the Federal Government that, on the basis of Section 22(1) of the MFG, has empowered the Land Governments to collect a milk levy.
MFG nadalje tudi ni mogoče šteti samo za sredstvo za izvajanje zgolj gospodarskih interesov panožne organizacije.
That provision stipulates, inter alia, that the milk levy may normally amount to 0,1 cents per kilogram of delivered milk and that the Land Government may increase the levy to 0,2 cents per kilogram if requested to do so by the Land association or jointly by the professional organisations.
Tako je v členu 14 MFG sicer določeno, da morajo biti v njih zastopane poklicne organizacije s področja kmetijstva, mlekarn in trgovine z mlekom, če želijo sodelovati, vendar mora biti v organih združenja zagotovljena tudi primerna zastopanost potrošnikov.
In addition, Section 22(2), points 1-6, of the MFG stipulates the purposes for which milk levy resources may be used.
Zakonodajalec (tj. država) s temi pogoji za sodelovanje in zastopanje zagotavlja, da so pri uresničevanju ciljev splošne blaginje, o katerih je govora v MFG, v največji meri zastopani vsi interesi, ki presegajo zgolj spodbujanje gospodarske panoge.
Under the third sentence of Section 22(3) of the MFG, the Land association or professional associations must merely be consulted before the resources are used.
V nasprotju z zadevo Doux Élevage pri ciljih podpore, navedenih v MFG, tudi ne gre za cilje, ki so jih panožne organizacije postavile in uvedle same [29].
This indicates that, although the state (at Federal level) grants the Land associations certain rights of participation, it has nevertheless established a clear legal framework in determining the rates that must be applied in respect of the milk levy and how the resources are to be used, and it is ultimately up to the Land Government in question (or, in the case of delegation, the highest Land authorities) to decide on this matter.
Zlasti cilji iz točke 1 člena 22(2) („spodbujanje in ohranjanje kakovosti na podlagi predpisov, sprejetih v skladu s členom 10 tega zakona ali členom 37 Zakona o mleku (Milchgesetz) z dne 31. julija 1930 (Reichsgesetzbl.
It would not, for example, be possible for the rate of the levy to be increased to more than 0,2 cents per kilogram if the Land associations were to request this or for the resources to be used for purposes other than those set out in Section 22(2), points 1-6, of the MFG.
I str. 421)“) in točke 2 („izboljšanje higiene pri pridelavi, dobavi, obdelavi, predelavi ter prodaji mleka in mlečnih izdelkov“) kažejo v nasprotju z zadevo Doux Élevage značilnosti, ki so del politike, opredeljene s strani državnih organov [30], ter se sklicujejo na naloge javnih organov, ki jih v skladu s členom 14(3) MFG od vsega začetka ni dovoljeno prenesti na deželna združenja.
Moreover, the duty of consultation required regarding their use (third sentence of Section 22(3) MFG) does not in any way require the views of those consulted to be followed.
V delu, v katerem se Nemčija v obravnavanem primeru opira na točko 6 člena 22(2) MFG, že iz besedila zakona izhaja, da gre za „naloge, prenesene v skladu z Zakonom o mleku in maščobah“ (torej ne za naloge, ki bi jih VDM določilo samo).
The final decision as to how the resources are to be used lies with the respective Land authorities, i.e. with the State.
Prav tako se za razliko od zadeve Doux Élevage v primeru neplačila zapadlih dajatev na mleko za njihovo izterjavo ne sproži običajen civilni ali gospodarski sodni postopek [31].
This distinguishes this case significantly from the Doux Élevage case cited by LVN.
Člen 23(2) MFG namreč določa, da je dajatve mogoče izterjati v skladu z določbami Davčnega zakonika in njegovimi izvedbenimi določbami.
Collection of the milk levy and the allocation of the corresponding resources are regulated by the state at two levels, i.e. Federal and Land.
Zadevne dežele so v ustreznih uredbah o pobiranju dajatve na mleko določile ustrezno izterjavo v skladu z določbami Davčnega zakonika in njegovimi izvedbenimi določbami [32].
In Germany, the legislator has not only granted the Land Governments the power to collect the levy but has also restricted the margin available at Land level to dispose of the resources generated from levies by Federal law.
Davčni zakonik v nemškem pravnem sistemu spada v javno pravo.
The Land associations are not able to seek to amend the objectives that may be promoted as set out in Section 22(2), points 1-6, of the MFG, for example by submitting a request to that end.
Javnopravne terjatve se v Nemčiji izterjujejo po upravni, civilnopravne terjatve pa po sodni poti.
A state restriction of this nature did not form part of the facts on which the Val'Hor and Doux Élevage cases were based.
Upravna pot je pri tem v primerjavi s sodno potjo učinkovitejša metoda izvedbe, ker si lahko javna uprava s sprejetjem upravnega akta sama ustvari izvršilni naslov [33], ki bi ga bilo treba pri civilnopravnih terjatvah pridobiti šele po sodni poti [34].
Moreover, the MFG cannot be understood merely as a means of enforcing purely economic interests of an interbranch organisation.
To kaže, da je v interesu države karseda učinkovito in v celoti pobrati (in po potrebi izterjati) zapadle dajatve, da bi bilo zagotovljeno pravočasno uresničevanje državnih ciljev, ki se financirajo iz sredstev iz dajatve.
Section 14 thereof stipulates, for example, that, if they wish to participate, professional organisations acting for agriculture, dairies and the dairy trade must be represented within it, while an appropriate representation of consumers must also be ensured in the bodies of the association.
S tem je ovržena trditev LVN, da sredstva iz dajatve na mleko niso državna sredstva v smislu člena 107(1) PDEU.
With these requirements concerning participation and representation, the legislator (i.e. the state) is ensuring that, in pursuing the public policy objectives set out in the MFG, all interests going beyond the mere promotion of an economic sector are comprehensively represented.
Iz tega sledi, da je treba zadevne prihodke iz dajatve šteti za prihodke, ki so pod javnim nadzorom [35], ter da so bili ukrepi, financirani s sredstvi iz dajatve na mleko, plačani z državnimi sredstvi in jih je mogoče pripisati državi.
Contrary to the situation in Doux Élevage, the promotion objectives set out in the MFG are not objectives that the interbranch organisations themselves have laid down and introduced [29].
Selektivna prednost/podjetja
Objectives 1 ('improving and sustaining quality on the basis of provisions issued under Section 10 of this Act or Section 37 of the Milchgesetz (Milk Act) of 31 July 1930 (Reich Law Gazette I, p. 421) and 2 (‘improving hygiene during milking and the delivery, processing and distribution of milk and milk products’) set out in Section 22(2) of the MFG in particular display characteristics that form part of a policy determined by state authorities [30], contrary to the situation in Doux Élevage, and refer to public tasks that, in accordance with Section 14(3) MFG, may not a priori be transferred to the Land associations.
VDM je ustanova, ki opravlja storitve v korist podjetjem v sektorju mleka, predvsem mlekarnam.
In so far as Germany relies on Section 22(2), point 6, of the MFG in the present case, it is clear from the very wording of the law that the tasks are ‘tasks conferred in accordance with the Milk and Fat Law’ (and therefore not tasks laid down by VDM itself).
Nemčija in VDM prerekata trditev, da to združenje ponuja storitve na trgu kot podjetje.
Also in contrast to the situation in Doux Élevage, the normal civil or commercial judicial process is not used to collect milk levies in the event of non-payment [31].
Opozarjata zlasti na dejavnost združenja, ki jo opravlja VDM in je bila v sodni praksi le izjemoma ocenjena kot podjetniška dejavnost (gl. uvodni izjavi 39 in 49).
This is because Section 23(2) of the MFG stipulates that levies are recoverable in accordance with the General Tax Code and its implementing provisions.
V sodbi v zadevi Piau/Komisija, T-193/02, na katero se sklicuje Nemčija, je bilo ugotovljeno ravno to, da združenje, namreč FIFA, opravlja gospodarsko dejavnost.
In their respective milk levy collection regulations, the Länder in question likewise provided for recovery in accordance with the Code and its implementing provisions [32].
Obratno pa se Nemčija ni mogla sklicevati na nobeno sodno prakso, v kateri bi bilo izrecno ugotovljeno nasprotno, namreč, da združenje (nujno) ne opravlja gospodarske dejavnosti oz. da za to dejavnost združenja ne velja nadzor državne pomoči.
Under the German legal system, the Code is considered to form part of public law.
Nesporno je, da VDM opravlja dejavnosti v interesu in v korist svojih članov.
This means that the revenues from the levy in question should be regarded as being under state control [35] and that the measures funded by them were granted through state resources and are attributable to the state.
Več dejavnosti, ki jih pojasnjuje VDM na svojem spletnem mestu, ima značilnosti storitev v smislu, da se z njimi skuša doseči cilj zastopanja interesov zadevnih mlekarn in proizvajalcev mleka v razmerju do organov Nemčije, zakonodajalca in v mednarodnih organih [36].
Selective advantage/Undertakings
Opravljanje takih storitev koristi zadevnim mlekarnam in jim pomaga pri izvajanju njihove osnovne dejavnosti, tj. proizvodnje in prodaje mleka in mlečnih izdelkov, ki sta nedvomno gospodarski dejavnosti.
VDM is a body which provides services of benefit to undertakings in the dairy industry, in particular dairies.
Poleg tega „dejavnost svetovanja državnim organom“ in „sodelovanje pri normiranju in standardizaciji“ pomenita zastopanje interesov v političnem procesu, ki je usmerjeno v različne kanale oblikovanja odločitev (zakonodaja, sprejemanje tehničnih norm itd.).
In particular, VDM refers to its activities as those of an association, which the Court has judged to be commercial activities only in exceptional cases (see recitals 39 and 49).
Tudi ukrep „splošno informiranje“ koristi zadevnim mlekarnam, saj jih seznanja s prednostmi proizvoda mleko in je s tem namenjen pospeševanju prodaje.
In its judgment in Case T-193/02 Piau v Commission cited by Germany, the Court found that an association, i.e. FIFA, engaged in an economic activity.
Glede dejavnosti „normiranje in standardizacija“ je VDM izjavilo, da kot predstavnik celotne panoge v sodelovanju s pristojnimi organizacijami za normiranje, kot so ISO, IDF, CEN in DIN, skrbi za normiranje in standardizacijo na nacionalni in mednarodni ravni (gl. uvodno izjavo 53).
Germany has, conversely, been unable to cite any case-law in which it was explicitly found that the opposite was the case, i.e. that an association did not (necessarily) engage in any economic activity or that the activities of an association were excluded from the monitoring of aid.
Komisija v zvezi s tem ugotavlja, da so za normiranje in standardizacijo v prvi vrsti pristojne navedene organizacije za normiranje.
It is indisputable that VDM engages in activities in the interests and to the benefit of its members.
VDM pri tem ne sodeluje kot nepristranski organ v postopku normiranja (nima položaja neodvisnega svetovalca), temveč v njem posreduje stališče sektorja mleka.
This is how VDM itself perceives its role, as is apparent from various descriptions of its activities on its website, e.g.
Tudi tukaj komisija posledično ugotavlja, da VDM ponuja storitve kot zasebno združenje.