natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
the total mass of adults at the beginning of the test in each test container;
Trije laboratoriji, ki so poročali o natančnosti svojih vrednosti EC50 za 3,5-diklorofenol, so kazali koeficiente variacije (22, 9 oziroma 18 % za EC50 mg/g), ki so bili precej nižji od koeficientov variacije srednjih vrednosti vseh desetih laboratorijev.
changes in body weight of live adults (% of initial weight) in each test container after the first four weeks of the test;
Posamezne srednje vrednosti za omenjene tri laboratorije so bile 3,1, 3,2 oziroma 2,8 mg/g.
the number of juveniles produced in each test container at the end of the test;
Nižji, sprejemljivi koeficienti variacije znotraj laboratorijev v primerjavi s precej višjimi koeficienti med laboratoriji, namreč 9–22 % v prim. z 92 %, kažejo, da obstajajo značilne razlike med lastnostmi posameznih blat.
a description of obvious or pathological symptoms or distinct changes in behaviour;
Potrebna je običajna laboratorijska oprema in naslednje:
the results obtained with the reference test chemical;
inkubator – biti mora zaščiten pred iskrami in nastavljen na 35 °C ± 2 °C;
the LC50, the NOEC and/or ECx (e.g. EC50, EC10) for reproduction if some of them are applicable with confidence intervals, and a graph of the fitted model used for its calculation all information and observations helpful for the interpretation of the results;
na tlak odporne preskusne posode ustrezne nazivne velikosti [4]; vsaka mora biti opremljena z zaporko, prevlečeno s plinotesno prevleko, ki lahko prenese tlak približno 2 bar ali 2 × 105 Pa (za prevleko uporabite npr. PTFE = politetrafluoreten).
a plot of the dose-response-relationship;
skupno nastajanje plina (metana in ogljikovega dioksida), merjeno z merilnikom tlaka, prilagojenim tako, da omogoča merjenje in odvajanje nastalega plina.
the results applicable to each test container;
Notranjo prostornino cevi in ventila pretvornika tlaka je treba ohranjati čim manjšo, da so napake zaradi zanemarjanja prostornine opreme neznatne, Opomba:
“Eisenia foetida” is two biological species.
trojni plinotesni petelinček olajša sprostitev odvečnega tlaka (Dodatek 1).
, 277 - 282.
Notranjo prostornino cevi in ventila tipala diferenčnega tlaka je treba vzdrževati na čim manjši ravni, tako da so napake, ki nastanejo zaradi zanemarjanja prostornine opreme, nepomembne;
Chapter C.8 of this Annex, Earthworm acute toxicity test.
izolirane posode za prevoz gnijočega blata;
Sheppard, S.C., Bembridge, J.D., Holmstrup, M., and L. Posthuma, (eds).
trojni petelinčki;
& Eisentraeger, A. (eds.).
sito s kvadratnimi 1-milimetrskimi odprtinami;
The following definitions are applicable to this test method:
rezervoar za gnijoče blato, steklena steklenica ali steklenica iz polietilena visoke gostote s prostornino približno 5 litrov, opremljena z mešalom in opremo za prehod toka dušikovega plina (glej odstavek 13) skozi prostor nad fazno mejo plin-kapljevina;
In this test the effect concentrations are expressed as a mass of test chemical per dry mass of the test soil or as a mass of the test chemical per unit area of the soil.
mikrobrizge za plinotesno povezavo tipala diferenčnega tlaka (glej odstavek 12(c)) s prostorom nad fazno mejo plin-kapljevina v steklenicah (glej odstavek 12(b)); tudi za dodajanje netopnih tekočih preskusnih materialov v steklenice; k) komora z rokavicami:
(Median lethal concentration) is the concentration of a test chemical that kills 50 % of exposed test organisms within a given time period.
Ves čas se uporabljajo analitsko čisti reagenti.
In this test the LC50 is expressed as a mass of test chemical per dry mass of the test soil or as a mass of test chemical per unit area of soil.
Ves čas je treba uporabljati dušikov plin visoke čistosti z vsebnostjo kisika, manjšo od 5 μl/l.
LOEC (Lowest Observed Effect Concentration) is the lowest test chemical concentration that has a statistically significant effect (p < 0,05) In this test the LOEC is expressed as a mass of test chemical per dry mass of the test soil or as a mass of test chemical per unit area of soil.
Če je v kateri koli fazi potrebna razredčitev, uporabite predhodno razplinjeno deionizirano vodo.
Any deviations from the above must be justified in the test report.
Analitske kontrole te vode niso potrebne, poskrbite pa za redno vzdrževanje naprave za deionizacijo.
Reproduction rate:
Deionizirano vodo uporabite tudi za pripravo založnih raztopin.
Mean number of juvenile worms produced per a number of adults over the test period.
Pred dodajanjem anaerobnega inokuluma kateri koli raztopini ali razredčitvi preskusnega materiala se prepričajte, da raztopina ali razredčitev ne vsebujeta kisika.
Determination of the maximum water holding capacity of the soil
To storite z enournim razpihavanjem dušikovega plina skozi vodo za redčenje (ali skozi razredčitve) pred dodajanjem inokuluma, druga možnost pa je, da v ozračju brez kisika vodo za redčenje ogrejete do vrelišča in jo ohladite na sobno temperaturo.
Collect a defined quantity (e.g. 5 g) of the test soil substrate using a suitable sampling device (auger tube etc.).
Praktične informacije o blatu iz laboratorijskega gnilišča je mogoče najti drugje (11).
Cover the bottom of the tube with a piece of filter paper fill with water and then place it on a rack in a water bath.
Če se namerava uporabiti prilagojeni inokulum, je mogoče razmisliti o gnijočem blatu iz čistilne naprave za industrijske odplake.
Since not all water absorbed by the soil capillaries can be retained, the soil sample should be allowed to drain for a period of two hours by placing the tube onto a bed of very wet finely ground quartz sand contained within a covered vessel (to prevent drying).
Za zbiranje blata uporabite steklenice s širokim vratom, izdelane iz polietilena visoke gostote ali podobnega materiala, ki se lahko razteza.
ISO (International Organization for Standardisation ) (1996).
Steklenice za vzorce napolnite z blatom do približno 1 cm od vrha steklenic, steklenice dobro zatesnite, po možnosti z varnostnim ventilom (odstavek 12(e)), in jih postavite v izolirane posode (odstavek 12(d)), da kar najbolj zmanjšate možnost temperaturnega šoka; v teh posodah naj stojijo do prenosa v inkubator, v katerem se vzdržuje temperatura 35 °C ± 2 °C.
The following method for determining the pH of a soil is based on the description given in ISO DIS 10390:
Pri odpiranju steklenic poskrbite, da boste sprostili odvečni tlak plina, tako da previdno sprostite tesnilo ali pa uporabite trojni petelinček za sprostitev tlaka (odstavek 12(e)).
Soil Quality — Determination of pH (1).
Po možnosti blato uporabite v nekaj urah po zbiranju, v nasprotnem primeru ga do 3 dni, ko običajno ne pride do velike izgube aktivnosti, hranite pri temperaturi 35 °C ± 2 °C pod prostorom nad fazno mejo dušik-kapljevina, napolnjenim z dušikom.
A defined quantity of soil is dried at room temperature for at least 12 h.
Opozorilo – Gnijoče blato proizvaja vnetljive pline, ki povzročajo tveganje za požar in eksplozijo.
A suspension of the soil (containing at least 5 grams of soil) is then made up in five times its volume of either a 1 M solution of analytical grade potassium chloride (KCl) or a 0,01 M solution of analytical grade calcium chloride (CaCl2).
vsebuje tudi potencialno patogene organizme, zato je treba pri ravnanju z njim upoštevati ustrezne varnostne ukrepe.
The suspension is then shaken thoroughly for five minutes and then left to settle for at least 2 hours but not for longer than 24 hours.
Iz varnostnih razlogov se za odvzem blata ne uporabljajo steklene posode.
The pH of the liquid phase is then measured using a pH-meter that has been calibrated before each measurement using an appropriate series of buffer solutions (e.g. pH 4,0 and 7,0).
Blato tik pred uporabo rahlo premešajte in ga prek sita z odprtinami velikosti 1 mm2 (odstavek 12(f)) precedite v primerno steklenico (odstavek 12(g)) skozi prostor nad fazno mejo plin-kapljevina, skozi katerega se pomika tok dušika.
Culturing of Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei
Oddelite vzorec za merjenje koncentracije celotne količine suhih trdnih snovi (glej npr. ISO 11923 (13) ali enakovredni standard EU).
Breeding should preferably be carried out in a climatic chamber at 20 °C ± 2 °C.
V splošnem uporabljajte blato brez redčenja.
At this temperature and with the provision of sufficient food, the worms become mature after about 2 to 3 months.
Koncentracija trdnih snovi je običajno med 2 % in 4 % (m/v).
The recommended breeding medium is a 50:50 mixture of horse or cattle manure and peat.
Preskusni substrat
Self-collected manure obtained from an “organic” source is recommended, since experience has shown that commercially available manure used as garden fertiliser may have adverse effects on the worms.
V deionizirani vodi raztopite 10 g hranilnega bujona (npr. bujona Oxoid), 10 g kvasnega ekstrakta in 10 g D-glukoze ter razredčite na 100 ml.
The medium should have a pH value of approximately 6 to 7 (adjusted with calcium carbonate), a low ionic conductivity (less than 6 mS/cm or 0,5 % salt concentration) and should not be contaminated excessively with ammonia or animal urine.
Sterilizirajte s filtracijo prek 0,2-mikrometrskega membranskega filtra (odstavek 12(h)) in uporabite takoj ali hranite pri temperaturi 4 °C, vendar največ en dan.
The substrate should be moist but not too wet.
Pripravite ločeno založno raztopino za vsako vodotopno preskusno kemikalijo, ki bo vsebovala na primer 10 g/l kemikalije v vodi za redčenje brez kisika (odstavek 14).
Once the culture has been established it is maintained by placing adult worms in a breeding box with fresh substrate for 14 days to 28 days to allow further cocoons to be produced.
Vrednost pH založnih raztopin mora biti po potrebi prilagojena na 7 ± 0,2.
The adults are then removed and the juveniles produced from the cocoons used as the basis for the next culture.
Za preskusne kemikalije, ki niso zadostno topne v vodi, upoštevajte standard ISO 10 634 (12) ali enakovredni standard EU.
The worms are fed continuously with animal waste and transferred into fresh substrate from time to time.
Če je treba uporabiti organsko topilo, se izogibajte topilom, kot sta kloroform in ogljikov tetraklorid, za katera je dobro znano, da zavirajo nastajanje metana.
Experience has shown that air-dried finely ground cow or horse manure or oatmeal is a suitable food.
V primernem hlapnem topilu, na primer acetonu ali dietil etru, pripravite raztopino ustrezne koncentracije kemikalije, ki ni topna v vodi.
It should be ensured that cows or horses from which manure is obtained are not subject to medication treatment with chemicals, such as growth promoters, that could adversely affect the worms during long term culture.
Potrebne količine raztopine topila dodajte v prazne preskusne steklenice (odstavek 12(b)), pred dodajanjem blata pa naj topilo izhlapi.
The worms hatched from the cocoons are used for testing when they are between 2 and 12 months old and considered to be adults.
Za druge obdelave uporabite standard ISO 10 634 (12) ali enakovredni standard EU, zavedajte pa se, da lahko morebitne površinsko aktivne snovi, uporabljene za pridobivanje emulzij, zavirajo anaerobno nastajanje plina.
Worms can be considered to be healthy if they move through the substrate, do not try to leave the substrate and reproduce continuously.
Če se zdi, da prisotnost organskih topil in emulgatorjev povzroča artefakte, se preskusna kemikalija lahko doda neposredno v preskusno zmes v obliki prahu ali tekočine.
Substrate exhaustion is indicated by worms moving very slowly and having a yellow posterior end.
Hlapne kemikalije in v vodi netopne tekoče preskusne kemikalije se lahko z mikrobrizgami vbrizgajo v inokulirane serumske steklenice (odstavek 12(i)).
In this case the provision of fresh substrate and/or a reduction in stocking density is recommended.
Preskusne kemikalije dodajajte v steklenice tako, da boste dobili geometrijsko vrsto koncentracij, na primer 500 mg/l, 250 mg/l, 125 mg/l, 62,5 mg/l, 31,2 mg/l in 15,6 mg/l.
Techniques for counting juvenile worms hatched from cocoons
Če območje strupenosti ni znano na podlagi podobnih kemikalij, najprej izvedite predhodni preskus za določanje območja delovanja s koncentracijami 1000 mg/l, 100 mg/l in 10 mg/l, da določite ustrezno območje.
Hand sorting of worms from the soil substrate is very time-consuming.
Pripravite vodno raztopino 3,5-diklorofenola (10 g/l), tako da med stresanjem postopno dodajate minimalno količino 5 mol/l raztopine natrijevega hidroksida trdni snovi, dokler se ne raztopi.
Two alternative methods are therefore recommended:
Nato dodajte deoksigenirano vodo za redčenje (odstavek 14) do zahtevane količine;
The test containers are placed in a water bath initially at a temperature of 40 °C but rising to 60 °C.
pri raztapljanju lahko pomaga ultrazvočno razbijanje.
After a period of about 20 minutes the juvenile worms should appear at the soil surface from which they can be easily removed and counted.
Če je v vsaj treh preskusih z različnim inokulumom (različni viri ali različni časi zbiranja) pridobljeno povprečno območje vrednosti EC50, se lahko uporabijo druge referenčne kemikalije.
The test soil may be washed through a sieve using the method developed by van Gestel et al.
MOTNJE/NAPAKE
providing the peat and the manure or oatmeal added to the soil were ground to a fine powder.
Nekatere sestavine blata bi predvidoma lahko reagirale s potencialnimi zaviralci in zato ne bi bile več na voljo mikroorganizmom, zaviranje pa bi bilo manjše ali pa ga ne bi bilo.
Two 0,5 mm mesh size sieves (diameter 30 cm) are placed on top of each other.
Če blato že vsebuje kemikalijo, ki je zaviralna, bi bili rezultati napačni, če bi bila ta kemikalija preskušena.
The contents of a test container are washed through the sieves with a powerful stream of tap water, leaving the young worms and cocoons mainly on the upper sieve.
Poleg teh možnosti obstaja več drugih ugotovljenih dejavnikov, ki lahko povzročijo napačne rezultate.
It is important to note that the whole surface of the upper sieve should be kept wet during this operation so that the juvenile worms float on a film of water, thereby preventing them from creeping through the sieve pores.
Ti so našteti v Dodatku 3, skupaj z metodami odpravljanja napak ali vsaj zmanjševanja števila napak.
Best results are obtained when a showerhead is used.
Število potrebnih ponovitev je odvisno od stopnje natančnosti, zahtevane za kazalnike zaviranja.
Once all the soil substrate has been washed through the sieve, juveniles and cocoons can be rinsed from the upper sieve into a bowl.
Če so tesnila na steklenicah med trajanjem preskusa dovolj plinotesna, pripravite le eno serijo (vsaj tri ponovitve) preskusnih steklenic pri vsaki zahtevani koncentraciji.
The contents of the bowl are then left to stand allowing empty cocoons to float on the water surface and full cocoons and young worms to sink to the bottom.
Podobno pripravite eno serijo steklenic z referenčno kemikalijo in en niz kontrol.
The standing water can then be poured off and the young worms and cocoons transferred to a petri dish containing a little water.
Če pa so tesnila steklenic zanesljiva le pri enem prebadanju ali nekaj prebadanjih, pripravite serijo preskusnih steklenic (npr. tri ponovitve) za vsak časovni razmik (t), za katerega so rezultati zahtevani za vse koncentracije preskusne kemikalije, namenjene preskušanju.
The worms can be removed for counting using a needle or a pair of tweezers.
Podobno pripravite ‚t‘ serije steklenic za referenčno kemikalijo in kontrole.
Experience has shown that method (a) is better suited to extraction of juvenile worms that might be washed through even a 0,5 mm sieve.
Priporočljiva je uporaba komore z rokavicami (odstavek 12(j)).
The efficiency of the method used to remove the worms (and cocoons if appropriate) from the soil substrate should always be determined.
Vsaj 30 minut pred začetkom preskusa skozi komoro z rokavicami, ki vsebuje vso potrebno opremo, zaženite tok dušikovega plina.
If juveniles are collected using the hand sorting technique it is advisable to carry out the operation twice on all samples.
Poskrbite, da bo med rokovanjem s steklenicami in zatesnjevanjem steklenic temperatura blata v območju 35 °C ± 2 °C.
Are both controls equal?
Predhodni preskus
U-Test
Če aktivnost blata ni znana, je priporočljivo izvesti predhodni preskus.
t-Test Bonferroni — U-Test
Pripravite kontrole, da dosežete, na primer, koncentracije trdnih snovi 10 g/l, 20 g/l in 40 g/l, ter substrat, vendar ne uporabite preskusne kemikalije.
Jonckheere-Terpstra Test
Pripravite tudi različne količine reakcijske zmesi, da pridobite tri ali štiri razmerja količine prostora nad fazno mejo plin-kapljevina in količine tekočine.
Shirley Test
Iz rezultatov količin plina, nastalih v različnih časovnih razmikih, se izpeljejo najprimernejši pogoji, ki omogočajo dve dnevni merjenji ustvarjenih znatnih količine plina in eno sprostitev tlaka na dan pri optimalni občutljivosti [7] brez nevarnosti eksplozij.
Transform data
Dodajanje preskusnih kemikalij
William Test
V prazne preskusne steklenice (odstavek 12(b)) dodajte vodotopne preskusne kemikalije v obliki vodnih raztopin (odstavek 18).
Exclude control without solvent Both controls might be pooled
Uporabite vsaj trojne serije steklenic za vsako območje koncentracij (odstavek 20).
C.34.
Če so preskusne kemikalije netopne ali slabo topne, njihove raztopine v organskih topilih z mikrobrizgo injicirajte v prazne steklenice, da boste pridobili serije ponovitev vsake od petih koncentracij preskusne kemikalije.
DETERMINATION OF THE INHIBITION OF THE ACTIVITY OF ANAEROBIC BACTERIA — REDUCTION OF GAS PRODUCTION FROM ANAEROBICALLY DIGESTING (SEWAGE) SLUDGE
Prek površine raztopin v preskusnih steklenicah spustite curek dušikovega plina, da bo topilo izhlapelo.
This test method is equivalent to the OECD test guideline (TG) 224 (2007).
Namesto tega lahko dodate netopne trdne kemikalije v obliki tehtanih količin trdnih snovi neposredno v preskusne steklenice.
Chemicals discharged to the aquatic environment pass through both aerobic and anaerobic zones, where they may be degraded and/or can inhibit bacterial activity;
Če se tekoče preskusne kemikalije, ki niso topne ali so slabo topne v vodi, ne dodajo s topilom, jih v preskusne steklenice dodajte neposredno z mikrobrizgo po dodajanju inokuluma in preskusnega substrata (glej odstavek 30).
in some cases they can remain in anaerobic zones undisturbed for decades or longer.
Na enak način se lahko dodajajo hlapne preskusne kemikalije.
In waste water treatment the first stage, primary settlement, is aerobic in the supernatant liquid and anaerobic in the subnatant sludge.
Dodajanje inokuluma in substrata
This is followed in the secondary stage by an aerobic zone in the activated sludge aeration tank and an anaerobic zone in the subnatant sludge in the secondary settlement tank.
V 5-litrsko steklenico (odstavek 12(g)) zmešajte ustrezno količino presejanega gnijočega blata (glej odstavek 16), med tem pa skozi prostor nad fazno mejo plin-kapljevina pošiljajte tok dušikovega plina.
Sludge from both of these stages is usually subjected to anaerobic treatment, producing methane and carbon dioxide which are normally used to produce electricity.
Preskusne steklenice, ki vsebujejo vodne raztopine ali raztopine preskusnih kemikalij z izhlapelim topilom dve minuti spirajte s tokom dušikovega plina, da odstranite zrak.
In the wider environment, chemicals reaching sediments in bays, estuaries and the sea are likely to remain in these anaerobic zones indefinitely if they are not biodegradable.
S pipeto z veliko konico ali z merilnim valjem odmerite alikvote, npr. 100 ml, dobro zmešanega blata v preskusne steklenice.
Larger proportions of some chemicals will preferably reach these zones because of their physical properties, such as low solubility in water, high adsorption to suspended solids, as well as inability to be biodegraded aerobically.
Pipeto morate zaradi lažjega usedanja trdnih snovi iz blata nujno napolniti do točne zahtevane količine blata v enem samem koraku.
While it is desirable that chemicals discharged to the environment should be biodegradable under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, it is essential that such chemicals do not inhibit the activity of microorganisms in either zone.
Če je zajetega več, spraznite pipeto in začnite znova.
In the UK there have been a few cases of complete inhibition of methane production caused by, for example, pentachlorophenol in industrial discharges, leading to very costly transportation of inhibited sludge from the digesters to “safe” sites and importation of healthy digesting sludge from neighbouring installations.
Nato dodajte zadostno raztopino substrata (odstavek 17), da bo koncentracija hranilnega bujona, kvasnega ekstrakta in D-glukoze v zmesi znašala po 2 g/l vsakega, pri tem pa mora skozi še vedno teči dušik.
But there have been many cases of less severe disruption of digestion by several other chemicals, including aliphatic halohydrocarbons (dry-cleaning) and detergents, leading to significant impairment of digester efficiency.
Naslednje je primer preskusnih serij.
Only one test method, C.11 (1), deals with inhibition of bacterial activity (Respiration of activated sludge), which assesses the effect of test chemicals on the rate of oxygen uptake in the presence of substrate.
Celotna prostornina steklenice = 160 ml.
The method has been widely used to give early warning of possible harmful effects of chemicals on the aerobic treatment of wastewaters, as well as indicating non-inhibitory concentrations of test chemicals to be used in the various tests for biodegradability.
Prostornina tekočine = 103 ml
Test method C.43 (2) offers a limited opportunity for determining the toxicity of a test chemical to gas production by anaerobic sludge, diluted to one tenth of its normal concentration of solids to allow the required precision in the assessment of percentage biodegradation.
Prostornina plina = 57 ml ali 35,6 % celotne prostornine.
Because diluted sludge could be more sensitive to inhibitory chemicals, the ISO group decided to prepare a method using undiluted sludge.
Končna koncentracija preskusne kemikalije v preskusnih steklenicah
At least three texts were examined (from Denmark, Germany and the UK) and finally two ISO standards were prepared, one using undiluted sludge, ISO 13 641-1 (3) and the other using one hundredth diluted sludge, ISO 13 641-2 (4), to represent muds and sediments having low bacterial populations.
Prostornina preskusne kemikalije
Both methods were subjected to a ring-test (5);
Reagenti in medij
part 1 was confirmed as an acceptable standard but there was disagreement over part 2.
založna raztopina
The UK considered that, because a significant proportion of participants reported very little or no gas production, partly because the percentage gas space was too high (at 75 %) for optimal sensitivity, the method requires further investigation.
Voda za redčenje
Earlier work in the UK (6)(7) described a manometric method using undiluted digesting sludge, plus raw sewage sludge as the substrate, in 500 ml flasks;
odstavek 14
the apparatus was cumbersome and the stench of the raw sludge was offensive.
odstavek 16
Later the more compact and convenient apparatus of Shelton and Tiedje (8) as developed by Battersby and Wilson (9) was successfully applied by Wilson et al.
substrat
(10).
odstavek 17
Kawahara et al (11) successfully prepared more standard sludges in the laboratory for use in tests for anaerobic biodegradability and inhibition on a number of chemicals.
Z dušikovim plinom podobno kot prej dobro sperite zadostno število praznih preskusnih steklenic, da odstranite morebitno hlapno in netopno tekočo preskusno kemikalijo (glej odstavek 27).
Also, raw sludge as the substrate was replaced to carry out a test either with one hundredth diluted anaerobic sludge or with muds, sediments etc. of low bacterial activity.
Kontrole in referenčne kemikalije
This method can provide information that is useful in predicting the likely effect of a test chemical on gas production in anaerobic digesters.
Pripravite vsaj trojne serije steklenic, ki naj vsebujejo samo blato in substrat ter bodo služile kot kontrole.