natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Indeed, in the Charleroi judgment which concerned in particular a discount offered by the Walloon region to an airline at an airport for which the region was responsible for setting airport charges, the General Court stated: ‘The mere fact that, in the present case, the Walloon Region has regulatory powers in relation to fixing airport charges does not mean that a scheme reducing those charges ought not to be examined by reference to the private investor principle, since such a scheme could have been put in place by a private operator.’ [61] It follows from this statement that discounts to airport charges (or financial incentives which reduce the net financial flows from the airlines to the airport manager) do not automatically confer an economic advantage.
Nemčija je predložila dokaze o predhodnih finančnih možnostih projekta, ki so temeljile zlasti na napovedih družbe FBS z dne 17. decembra 2003, tj. pred datumom podpisa dogovora med družbo FBS in družbo easyJet dne 19. decembra 2003; glej uvodno izjavo 37.
In order to determine whether they do so, it is necessary to assess whether a prudent market economy operator guided by profitability prospects would have accepted to grant similar discounts and incentives to the particular carrier concerned [62].
Družba FBS je predvidevala, da se bo z dogovorom dobiček iz poslovanja v obdobju 2004–2012 povečal vsako leto, prag dobička pri poslovanju pa bo dosežen leta 2010.
For a prudent market economy operator running an airport, there can be many reasons for not offering the same conditions to all airlines.
Preglednica 9
In particular, it can be rational to offer specific financial incentives (including in the form of marketing grants) and specific discounts to the published airport charges to airlines that bring a high number of passengers to the airport.
Napovedi družbe FBS glede dodatnega dobička, ustvarjenega z dogovorom z družbo easyJet iz leta 2003 (v milijonih EUR)
These favourable conditions can be objectively justified by the expected additional traffic, in view of the non-aeronautical revenues brought about by that additional traffic [63] and also because, even if the margin per passenger generated by the airport charges paid by the airline is reduced by the discounts and financial incentives, this margin may be significant in absolute terms in light of the numbers of passengers at stake.
Dobiček iz poslovanja brez družbe easyJet
Numerous factors can be taken into account by a prudent market economy operator running an airport to determine the conditions offered to airlines, not only the expected additional traffic but also the moment in which the agreement with the airline is negotiated (and the situation of the airport in that period, in particular in terms of capacity utilisation), the routes on which the airline considers operating [64], the airline’s operational requirements at the airport, the types of services required from the airport and their characteristics, the pressure exerted by airlines during negotiations [65] etc.
Dodatni dobiček iz poslovanja z družbo easyJet
For a prudent market economy operator running an airport, it can thus be justified to offer different conditions to different airlines in terms of airport charges and financial incentives, whether through bilateral agreements or through discount and financial incentive schemes embedded in the acts setting the charges [66].
Konsolidiran dobiček iz poslovanja
For the purposes of assessing whether such discounts and financial incentives confer an economic advantage, it must be determined whether, when the airport manager took the decision to offer them, it could reasonably expect this decision to be profitable, or in other words, to lead to a higher profit (or lower losses) than would be achieved in the counterfactual situation.
Komisija meni, da so bile te napovedi in njihove temeljne domneve trdna osnova za podpis dogovora z družbo easyJet iz leta 2003.
Furthermore, contrary to what certain third parties have suggested, when it comes to conditions offered by airport managers to airlines through bilateral agreements (for instance specific grants for the opening of new routes) and not resulting from general discount or financial incentive schemes embedded in a published schedule of charges, a prudent market economy operator has no reason to ensure that such conditions are based on a set of general and transparent criteria applicable to all carriers.
Napovedi glede prometa, pričakovanega na podlagi dogovora z družbo easyJet iz leta 2003, so bile izračunane na podlagi števila zrakoplovov, ki naj bi jih družba easyJet sčasoma uporabljala na letališču, kot je bilo določeno v dogovoru, in koeficienta zasedenosti v višini […] %, ki se zdi verjeten glede na običajne koeficiente obremenitve, ki jih dosegajo nizkocenovni prevozniki.
When negotiating a bilateral arrangement with an airline, a prudent market economy operator is expected to take into account all the relevant features of the airline’s proposed services rather than a set of pre-determined transparent criteria which may constrain its margin of negotiation.
V poslovnem načrtu so se upoštevale napovedi glede vseh ustreznih mejnih stroškov in prihodkov, vključno s kategorijami prihodkov, povezanih z letalstvom, in prihodkov, ki niso povezani z letalstvom, ter stroški finančnih spodbud, ponujenih družbi easyJet.
Therefore, the comments made by certain third parties as regards the alleged lack of transparency of the discount and financial incentives offered by FBS in this case are irrelevant in the context of the application of the market economy operator principle.
V napovedih so bili upoštevani zlasti dodatni promet in premiki zrakoplovov, pričakovani na podlagi dogovora, ter pogoji dogovora.
Lawfulness of the 2004 Schedule and of the bilateral agreements between FBS and various airlines under national law
Drugi strokovnjak je svojo analizo dogovora z družbo easyJet iz leta 2003 izvedel na podlagi napovedi družbe FBS, ki so bile že navedene v uvodni izjavi 158.
The question of whether the 2004 Schedule lawfully entered into force under national law, while important under German law, is irrelevant in the context of the application of the market economy operator principle.
Drugi strokovnjak je podrobno preveril trdnost napovedi družbe FBS glede stroškov in prihodkov ter na podlagi informacij, ki so bile na voljo ob sklenitvi pogodbe, prilagodil domneve družbe FBS, kadar je menil, da niso bile ustrezne.
Indeed, the fact that a discount to generally applicable airport charges, or a financial incentive with an equivalent effect, is granted via a bilateral agreement rather than through a general scheme embedded in a published schedule of charges is irrelevant.
Drugi strokovnjak je na primer prilagodil poslovni načrt, da je vključil stroške naložbe v višini […] milijonov EUR za dodatne prehode za družbo easyJet na terminalu B. Poleg tega je izvedel prilagoditve, ki so vključevale dejstvo, da so napovedi družbe FBS temeljile na različici osnutka dogovora z družbo easyJet, ki se je nekoliko razlikovala od podpisanega dogovora.
As a matter of fact, a prudent market economy operator could decide to grant discounts or incentives through either type of mechanism and the profitability of such decisions would not depend on the chosen mechanism.
Izvedel je torej prilagoditve poslovnega načrta, da bi se v celoti ujemal s pogoji podpisanega dogovora.
Therefore, the question of whether the conditions offered by FBS to certain airlines resulted from the mere implementation of a valid applicable schedule of charges or from bilateral arrangements is irrelevant.
Neto sedanja vrednost je običajno orodje, ki ga podjetja uporabljajo za oceno donosnosti projekta.
Besides, the question of whether FBS had the right, under national law, to enter into bilateral agreements that would set conditions deviating from the applicable schedule of charges [67] is equally irrelevant.
Drugi strokovnjak je izračunal skupno neto sedanjo vrednost dogovora z družbo easyJet iz leta 2003 ob koncu vsakega leta do prenehanja veljavnosti dogovora.
Effects of conditions offered to airlines operating at Tegel
Dobljene neto sedanje vrednosti so prikazane v naslednji preglednici:
In their comments, certain interested parties have argued that airlines operating at Schönefeld would be subsidised by airlines operating at Tegel through low airport charges and other favourable conditions.
Preglednica 10
This alleged cross-subsidisation would come from the fact that FBS would compensate the effect of low charges at Schönefeld through high charges at Tegel.
Neto sedanja vrednost denarnih tokov, pričakovanih na podlagi dogovora z družbo easyJet iz leta 2003
These comments suggest that for the conditions offered at Schönefeld to be free of State aid, they should equate to those offered at Tegel.
Študija drugega strokovnjaka.
First, Tegel and Schönefeld differ in many respects other than airport charges, in particular concerning the nature of the airport infrastructures and the distance to the city centre.
Neto sedanja vrednost
Therefore, they are not perfect substitutes for one another.
Te neto sedanje vrednosti so vse pozitivne in potrjujejo, da je bila sklenitev dogovora z družbo easyJet iz leta 2003 smiselna.
This is evidenced by the failure to persuade airlines to move from Tegel to Schönefeld before the implementation of the LCC Strategy.
Drugi strokovnjak je v svojem poročilu ugotovil, da družba FBS leta 2003, ko je ocenjevala, ali bi podpisala dogovor, ni upoštevala učinka prvotno podpisanega dogovora, tj. za 10 let z možnostjo podaljšanja za nadaljnjih 10 let, na letališče BER.
Moreover, airlines are not ‘forced’ to operate from Tegel or from Schönefeld.
Kot je ugotovil drugi strokovnjak, bi dogovor z družbo easyJet iz leta 2003, kot je bil prvotno sestavljen, veljal še nekaj let po odprtju letališča BER, ki je bilo načrtovano za leto 2011.
In addition to these options, airlines have two other options: operate neither from Tegel nor from Schönefeld or just operate with lower capacity at those airports (and use their aircraft and crew on routes other than from Berlin as LCCs have proven to be able to quickly adjust their capacity to changing market circumstances).
Poleg tega so bili v dogovoru določeni pogoji, ki so bili očitno ugodnejši od pogojev, predvidenih v splošnih pristojbinah, načrtovanih za letališče BER, ko bi bilo to odprto.
Therefore, any attempt by FBS at imposing on an airline considering operating from Schönefeld the same conditions as at Tegel may simply lead that airline to abandon its plans and to decide to operate neither from Schönefeld nor from Tegel or downsize operations from Berlin.
Po mnenju drugega strokovnjaka je zato obstajalo tveganje, da bodo zaradi dogovora z družbo easyJet iz leta 2003 drugi prevozniki nad družbo FBS izvajali znaten pritisk, da bi zmanjšali razlike med splošnimi pristojbinami na letališču BER in pristojbinami, dogovorjenimi z družbo easyJet.
Therefore, there would be no reason for a prudent market economy operator to take into consideration the conditions prevailing at Tegel when determining the level of charges at Schönefeld.
Vendar je bilo to leta 2003 zelo malo verjetno tveganje, ki ga zaradi hitro spreminjajočega se razvoja trga za nizkocenovne prevoznike ni bilo mogoče predvideti z nobeno stopnjo gotovosti, še manj pa količinsko opredeliti.
Following the same line of reasoning and taking into account the limited economic scope, the downsizing and the eventual cessation of operations of Tempelhof, there would be no reason for a prudent market economy operator to take into consideration the conditions prevailing at Tempelhof when determining the level of charges at Schönefeld.
Dejansko do tega tveganja ni nikdar prišlo.
Application of the market economy operator principle to the airport/airlines agreements
Dogovor z družbo easyJet iz leta 2003 je zamenjal spremenjeni dogovor z družbo easyJet iz leta 2007, ki naj bi prenehal veljati z odprtjem letališča BER.
The Commission notes that in the present case, the agreements at issue have to be seen as part of the implementation of the LCC Strategy, which was expected to lead to positive results for Schönefeld in the medium/long term.
Študija drugega strokovnjaka zato potrjuje, da bi preudaren vlagatelj v tržnem gospodarstvu sklenil dogovor z družbo easyJet iz leta 2003.
In order to assess whether any of the agreements at issue confers an economic advantage, it is necessary to analyse whether, at the date when the agreement was concluded, a prudent market economy operator would have expected this agreement to lead to a higher profit than would have been achieved otherwise.
Dogovor z družbo easyJet iz leta 2003 torej ne vključuje državne pomoči.
This higher profit is to be measured by the difference between the incremental revenues expected to be generated by the contract (that is, the difference between the revenues that would be achieved if the contract were concluded and the revenues that would be achieved absent the contract) and the incremental costs expected to be incurred as a result of the contract (that is, the difference between the costs that would be incurred if the contract were concluded and the costs that would be incurred absent the contract), the resulting cash flows being discounted with an appropriate discount rate.
Ocena dogovorov z drugimi letalskimi prevozniki (ukrep 3)
Furthermore, in this analysis, all the relevant incremental revenues and costs associated with the transaction must be taken into account.
Odločitve družbe FBS, da sklene dogovore z družbami Ryanair, Germanwings, Volare, Icelandair, Norwegian Air Shuttle in Aer Lingus, so prav tako temeljile na predhodnih napovedih glede mejnega prometa ter mejnih stroškov in prihodkov, ki so pokazale, da bi bila sklenitev navedenih dogovorov donosna.
The various elements (discounts to airport charges, marketing grants, other financial incentives) must not be assessed separately.
Za vsakega od navedenih dogovorov so se napovedi glede pričakovanega prometa izračunale na podlagi števila premikov zrakoplovov, pričakovanih na podlagi načrtovanih dejavnosti prevoznika, in razumnih domnev glede njihovih koeficientov obremenitve.
Indeed, as stated in the Charleroi judgment: ‘It is (…) necessary, when applying the private investor test, to envisage the commercial transaction as a whole in order to determine whether the public entity and the entity which is controlled by it, taken together, have acted as rational operators in a market economy.
Pri teh napovedih so bile upoštevane vse napovedi ustreznih kategorij mejnih stroškov in mejnih prihodkov, vključno s kategorijami prihodkov, povezanih z letalstvom, in prihodkov, ki niso povezani z letalstvom, ter stroški finančnih spodbud, ki jih je družba FBS ponudila prevoznikom.
The Commission must, when assessing the measures at issue, examine all the relevant features of the measures and their context […].’ [69]
Drugi strokovnjak je tako kot pri dogovoru z družbo easyJet iz leta 2003 preveril predhodne napovedi družbe FBS.
The expected incremental revenues must include in particular the revenues from airport charges, taking into account the discounts as well as the traffic expected to be generated by the agreement and the non-aeronautical revenues expected to be generated by the additional traffic.
Pri preverjanju je bilo ugotovljeno, da bi bili pri podpisu pogodb z navedenimi družbami vsako leto pri vsaki pogodbi v celotnem trajanju dogovorov (kljub drugim, bolj zadržanim zaključkom) mejni prihodki še vedno višji od mejnih stroškov.
The expected incremental costs must include in particular all the incremental operating and investment costs that would not be incurred absent the agreement as well as the costs of the marketing grants and other financial incentives.
Drugi strokovnjak je do te ugotovitve prišel z analizo, ki jo je na podlagi navedenih prilagojenih napovedi, ki so bile popolnoma v skladu z metodologijo, opisano v oddelkih 7.4.4 in 7.5, opravil za vsako pogodbo.
Assessment of the 2003 easyJet agreement (measure 2)
Njegov pregled in prilagoditve so temeljili izključno na podatkih in napovedih, ki so bili na voljo družbi FBS ob ocenjevanju priložnosti glede sklenitve dogovora.
The 2003 easyJet agreement was concluded before the entry into force of the 2004 Schedule and initially foreseen for a period of 10 years with an option to extend it by a further 10 years.
Predhodne neto sedanje vrednosti, ki jih je drugi strokovnjak izračunal za osem od devetih zadevnih dogovorov v času sklenitve navedenih dogovorov, za obdobje, v katerem naj bi se uporabljali, so predstavljeni v preglednici 11:
Germany has submitted evidence exhibiting the ex ante financial prospects of the project, based in particular on the FBS forecasts of 17 December 2003, i.e. before the date of the agreement signed between FBS and easyJet on 19 December 2003, see recital 42).
Preglednica 11
FBS foresaw that the agreement would bring about a positive incremental operational profit for each year of the period 2004-2012 and that the operational break-even would be reached in 2010:
Neto sedanje vrednosti dogovorov med družbo FBS in različnimi nizkocenovnimi prevozniki
Table 9
Obdobje, v katerem naj bi se dogovor uporabljal
FBS forecasts as regards the incremental profits generated by the 2003 easyJet agreement (million euros)
Neto sedanja vrednost v času trajanja pogodbe
Operating profit without easyJet
(v EUR)
Additional operating profit with easyJet
od 26. oktobra 2003 do 31. marca 2007
Consolidated operating profit
Kot je razvidno iz te preglednice, so vse neto sedanje vrednosti pozitivne.
The Commission considers that these forecasts and their underpinning assumptions were a sound basis to sign the 2003 easyJet agreement.
Za preudarnega vlagatelja v tržnem gospodarstvu, ki se ravna po možnostih donosa, bi bilo zato razumno, da bi sprejel pogoje teh dogovorov na datum njihovega podpisa.
The traffic forecasts expected from the 2003 easyJet agreement were calculated on the basis of the number of aircraft to be based by easyJet at Schönefeld over time, as set out in the agreement, and a load factor of […] %, which appears plausible in view of the usual load factors achieved by LCCs.
Neto sedanja vrednost za dogovor z družbo V-Bird [71] ni bila izračunana.
The business plan took into account all relevant categories of incremental cost and incremental revenue forecasts, including aeronautical and non-aeronautical categories of revenues and the costs of the financial incentives offered to easyJet.
Drugi strokovnjak je poudaril, da za navedeni dogovor ni bilo na voljo poslovnega načrta.
These forecasts took into account, in particular, the additional traffic and flight movements expected from the agreement and the terms of the agreement.
Vendar so pogoji navedenega dogovora zelo podobni pogojem dogovora z družbo Volare.
To stress test this strategic decision, FBS eventually commissioned auditing firm […] (‘the second expert’) to assess whether a prudent market economy operator, guided by profitability prospects, would have signed that contract in 2003.
Oba dogovora sta bila podpisana skoraj hkrati, za podobni obdobji (tri leta in pol oziroma štiri leta).
That assessment (‘the second expert study’) also covered agreements signed with other airlines and was finalised in 2007.
Pri obeh dogovorih se je za določanje letaliških pristojbin uporabil seznam iz leta 2003, določala pa sta tudi plačilo enakega zneska nepovratnih sredstev ([…] milijonov EUR) kot spodbude za družbi Volare in V-Bird.
The second expert based its analysis of the 2003 easyJet agreement on FBS’ forecasts already mentioned in recital 158.
Pogoji poslovanja, določeni v obeh dogovorih, so veljali za zelo podobno število premikov zrakoplovov in za isti tip zrakoplova.
The second expert verified in detail the soundness of FBS’ cost and revenue forecasts and made a few adjustments to these assumptions when it considered that FBS’ assumptions had not been adequate, on the basis of the information available when the agreement was concluded.
Poleg tega je bilo ob sklenitvi dogovorov razumno pričakovati, da bosta imela oba letalska prevoznika podoben koeficient obremenitve.
For example, the second expert made an adjustment in the business plan to incorporate an investment cost of EUR […] million in order to create additional gates for easyJet at Terminal B. Moreover, it made adjustments to reflect the fact that FBS’s forecasts were based on a version of the draft agreement with easyJet, which exhibited some differences with the signed agreement.
Mejni promet, pričakovan na podlagi obeh dogovorov, je bil torej primerljiv.
The second expert thus made adjustments in the business plan in order to align it in full with the terms of the signed agreement.
Pri obeh dogovorih je bilo mogoče pričakovati, da bosta družbi FBS povzročila podobne mejne stroške poslovanja.
Besides, the second expert calculated the net present value (NPV) of the easyJet 2003 agreement for the period 2004-2007 at 30 December 2003 value, on the basis of FBS’s forecasts, adjusted as explained above.
Na podlagi podobnosti teh dveh dogovorov je bila razumna ugotovitev, da je dogovor z družbo V-Bird prestal preskus vlagatelja v tržnem gospodarstvu.
The NPV of a time series of expected cash flows, both incoming and outgoing, is defined as the discounted sum of the individual expected cash flows over the relevant period.
Ob upoštevanju navedenega noben od dogovorov iz preglednice 6 ne vključuje državne pomoči.
The NPV is a standard tool used by undertakings to assess the profitability of a project.
Ocena dogovora o najemu z družbo easyJet iz leta 2004 (ukrep 4)
The second expert calculated the aggregated NPV of the 2003 easyJet agreement at the end of each year until the expiry of the agreement.
Nekatere zainteresirane strani so menile, da je dogovor o najemu z družbo easyJet iz leta 2004 zadevni družbi dodelil izključno pravico do uporabe terminala B na letališču Schönefeld, drugim letalskim prevoznikom pa preprečil dostop do njega.
To that end, the second expert calculated the discount rate to be applied for the discounting of cash flows, on the basis of a classical capital asset pricing method [70], so that the discount rate truly reflects FBS’ costs of capital in 2003.
Kot je navedeno v uvodni izjavi 55, je družba easyJet v obdobju 2004–2007 najela približno […] m2 pisarn in okenc za prijavo na let ali […] % skupne površine terminala B. Javna območja terminala B (hodniki, prehodi, kavarna) so bila zaradi fizične povezanosti terminalov A in B dostopna tudi drugim potnikom, ne le potnikom družbe easyJet.
The resulting NPVs are displayed in the following table:
Dodelitev območij za prijavo na let nekaterim letalskim prevoznikom ter dodeljevanje pravic do trženja blagovne znamke in oglaševanja neposredno okrog območja za prijavo sta običajni poslovni praksi na evropskih in mednarodnih letališčih, taki dogovori pa so zelo razširjeni.
Table 10
Zlasti kadar letalski prevoznik ali zveza prevoznikov prevaža znatno število potnikov na zadevno letališče ali z njega, je z operativnega (in torej poslovnega) vidika razumno, da svoje dejavnosti opravlja le na enem terminalu.
NPV of the cash flows expected from the 2003 easyJet agreement
S tem se optimizira operativni postopek letališča in letalskega prevoznika.
Aggregated NPV at year’s end (at 30 December 2003 value):
Tako bi lahko bilo le v primeru, če bi upravljavec letališča dodelil izključno pravico do uporabe območij, ki presegajo potrebe prevoznika, (in s tem drugim letalskim prevoznikom preprečil uporabo razpoložljive zmogljivosti) ali zaračunaval neobičajno nizko najemnino.
NPV
Kot je prikazano v nadaljevanju, dogovor o najemu z družbo easyJet iz leta 2004 ne izpolnjuje nobenega od navedenih pogojev.
These NPVs are all positive and confirm that it was rational to conclude the 2003 easyJet agreement.
Družba easyJet ima vse od začetka izvajanja letov na letališču Schönefeld izjemno prevladujoč položaj.