natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
If no information is available on the toxicity of the test chemical towards Lumbriculus variegatus, it may be useful to conduct a preliminary experiment in order to determine the range of concentrations to be tested in the definitive test, and to optimise the test conditions of the definitive test.
Za določanje znatnih razlik med kontrolami (kontrola in kontrola s topilom) se lahko ponovitve posameznih kontrol preskusijo, kot je opisano za mejni preskus.
For this purpose a series of widely spaced concentrations of the test chemical are used.
Če se znatne razlike s temi preskusi ne zaznajo, se lahko vse kontrolne ponovitve in kontrolne ponovitve s topilom združijo.
The worms are exposed to each concentration of the test chemical for a period (e.g. 28 d as in the definitive test) which allows estimation of appropriate test concentrations;
V nasprotnem primeru je treba vsa tretiranja primerjati s kontrolo s topilom.
no replicates are required.
Če je prišlo do odstopanja od te preskusne metode in kadar se izmerjene koncentracije preskusnih koncentracij pojavljajo na ravneh blizu meje zaznavnosti analitične metode, je treba rezultate razlagati previdno.
The behaviour of the worms, for example sediment avoidance, which may be caused by the test chemical and/or by the sediment, should be observed and recorded during a preliminary test.
Morebitna odstopanja od te preskusne metode je treba zabeležiti.
Concentrations higher than 1000 mg/kg sediment dry weight should not be tested in the preliminary test.
Poročilo o preskusu naj vsebuje vsaj naslednje informacije:
In the definitive test, at least five concentrations should be used and selected e.g. based on the result of the preliminary range-finding test (paragraph 31), and as described in paragraphs 35, 36, 37 and 38.
kemijski identifikacijski podatki (splošno ime, kemijsko ime, strukturna formula, številka CAS itd.), vključno s čistostjo in analitsko metodo za kvantifikacijo preskusne snovi, virom preskusne kemikalije ter identiteto in koncentracijo vseh uporabljenih topil,
A control (for replication see paragraphs 36, 37 and 38) containing all constituents, except for the test chemical, is run in addition to the test series.
vse informacije o fizikalnem stanju in fizikalno-kemijskih lastnostih, kot so bile pridobljene pred začetkom preskusa (npr. topnost v vodi, parni tlak, porazdelitveni koeficient v tleh (ali usedlini, če je na voljo), log Kow, stabilnost v vodi itd.).
If any solubilising agent is used for application of the test chemical, it should have no significant effect on the test organisms as revealed by an additional solvent-only control.
znanstveno ime, sev, vir, morebitna predhodna obdelava, aklimatizacija, pogoji gojenja itd.
The test design relates to the selection of the number and spacing of the test concentrations, the number of vessels at each concentration and the number of worms added per vessel.
uporabljeni preskusni postopek (npr. statični, polstatični ali pretočni),
Designs for ECx estimation, for estimation of NOEC, and for conducting a limit test are described in paragraphs 35, 36, 37 and 38.
načrt preskusa (npr. število, material in velikost preskusnih komor, količina vode na posodo (za pretočne ali polstatične postopke: hitrost nadomeščanja količine vode), morebitno prezračevanje, uporabljeno pred preskusom in med njim, število ponovitev, število črvov na ponovitev ob začetku izpostavljenosti, število preskusnih koncentracij, trajanje kondicioniranja, obdobje za uravnoteženje, obdobje izpostavljenosti, pogostost vzorčenja),
The effect concentration (e.g. EC50, EC25, EC10) and the concentration range, over which the effect of the test chemical is of interest, should be bracketed by the concentrations included in the test.
globina usedline in vode nad njo,
Extrapolating much below the lowest concentration affecting the test organisms or above the highest tested concentration should be avoided.
metoda predhodne obdelave preskusne kemikalije in njeno primešanje/nanos,
If — in exceptional cases — such an extrapolation is done, a full explanation must be given in the report.
nominalne preskusne koncentracije, podrobnosti o vzorčenju za kemijsko analizo in analitske metode, s katerimi so bile pridobljene koncentracije preskusne kemikalije,
If the ECx is to be estimated, at least five concentrations and a minimum of three replicates for each concentration should be tested;
priprava preskusne vode (če se uporablja rekonstituirana voda) in lastnosti (koncentracija kisika, vrednost pH, prevodnost, trdota in vse druge izvedene meritve) pred začetkom preskusa,
six replicates are recommended for the control or — if used — the solvent control in order to improve the estimation of control variability.
podrobne informacije o hranjenju, vključno z vrsto hrane, pripravo, količino in načinom hranjenja,
In any case, it is advisable that sufficient test concentrations are used to allow a good model estimation.
jakost svetlobe in obdobja osvetljenosti,
The factor between concentrations should not be greater than two (an exception can be made in cases when the concentration response curve has a shallow slope).
metode, uporabljene za določanje vseh bioloških parametrov (npr. vzorčenja, pregledovanja, tehtanja preskusnih organizmov) in vseh abiotskih parametrov (npr. parametrov kakovosti vode in usedline),
The number of replicates at each treatment can be reduced if the number of test concentrations with responses in the range of 5 – 95 % are increased.
količine in/ali teže vseh vzorcev za kemijsko analizo,
Increasing the number of replicates or reducing the size of the test concentration intervals tends to lead to narrower confidence intervals for the test.
podrobne informacije o obdelavi vseh vzorcev za kemijsko analizo, vključno s podrobnostmi o pripravi, shranjevanju, postopkih primešanja preskusne kemikalije, ekstrakciji ter analitskih postopkih (in natančnosti) za preskusno kemikalijo in ponovno pridobivanje preskusne kemikalije.
If the LOEC/NOEC values are to be estimated, at least five test concentrations with at least four replicates (six replicates are recommended for the control or — if used — the solvent control in order to improve the estimation of control variability) should be used, and the factor between concentrations should not be greater than two.
kakovost vode v preskusnih posodah (vrednost pH, temperatura, koncentracija raztopljenega kisika, trdota, koncentracije amonijaka in vse druge izvedene meritve),
Some information on the statistical power found during hypothesis testing in the ring test of the test method is given in Appendix 6.
skupna vsebnost organskega ogljika (TOC), razmerje med suho in mokro težo, vrednost pH usedline in vse druge izvedene meritve,
A limit test may be performed (using one test concentration and controls) if no effects are expected up to 1000 mg/kg sediment d.w. (e.g. from a preliminary range-finding test), or if testing at a single concentration will be adequate to confirm a NOEC value of interest.
skupno število ter, če je določeno, število celih in necelih črvov v vsaki preskusni komori ob koncu preskusa,
In the latter case, a detailed rationale for selection of limit concentration should be included in the test report.
suha teža črvov v vsaki preskusni komori ob koncu preskusa in, če je izmerjena, suha teža podvzorca črvov na začetku preskusa,
The purpose of the limit test is to perform a test at a concentration sufficiently high to enable decision makers to exclude possible toxic effects of the chemical, and the limit is set at a concentration which is not expected to appear in any situation.
morebitno opaženo nenormalno vedenje v primerjavi s kontrolami (npr. izogibanje usedlini, prisotnost ali odsotnost iztrebkov),
1000 mg/kg (dry weight) is recommended.
morebitne opažene smrtnosti,
Usually, at least six replicates for both the treatment and controls are necessary.
ocene strupenih končnih točk (npr. ECx, NOEC in/ali LOEC) in statistične metode, uporabljene za njihovo določitev,
Exposure conditions
nominalne preskusne koncentracije, izmerjene preskusne koncentracije in rezultati vseh izvedenih analiz za določitev koncentracije preskusne kemikalije v preskusnih posodah,
The test is conducted with at least 10 worms for each replicate used for determination of biological parameters.
morebitna odstopanja od meril za veljavnost.
This number of worms corresponds to approximately 50 - 100 mg of wet biomass.
Vrednotenje rezultatov:
Assuming a dry content of 17,1 % (48), this results in approximately 9 - 17 mg of dry biomass per vessel.
skladnost rezultatov z merili veljavnosti, navedenimi v odstavku 13,
U.S.
Poglavje C.27 te priloge: Preskus strupenosti s trzačami v sistemu vode in usedline z uporabo usedline s primešano preskusno snovjo.
EPA (2000 (7)) recommends to use a loading rate not exceeding 1:
Report EPS 1/RM/___.
Worms of similar size should be selected (see paragraph 39).
1999, Hochheim/Main, Nemčija.
It is recommended that a sub-sample of the batch or stock of worms is weighed before the test in order to estimate the mean weight.
Report on the R+D-project No.
The worms to be used in a test are removed from the culture (see Appendix 5 for details).
298 67 419, Umweltbundesamt, Berlin.
Large (adult) animals that do not show signs of recent fragmentation are transferred to glass dishes (e.g. petri dishes) containing clean water.
OECD Series on Testing and Assessment, št. 54, OECD, Pariz, Francija.
They are subsequently synchronised as described in Appendix 5.
25. marec 2004.
After regenerating for a period of 10 to 14 d, intact complete worms of similar size, which are actively swimming or crawling after a gentle mechanical stimulus, should be used for the test.
BfG (Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde), Koblenz, Nemčija, str. 107–119.
If the test conditions differ from the culture conditions (e.g. in temperature, light regime, and overlying water), an acclimation phase of e.g. 24 h at temperature, light regime, and using the same overlying water as in the test should be sufficient to adapt the worms to the test conditions.
Dodatna literatura o statističnih postopkih:
The adapted oligochaetes should be allocated randomly to the test vessels.
Kemikalija pomeni snov ali zmes.
Since food is added to the sediment prior to (or during) application of the test chemical, the worms are not fed additionally during the test.
Obdobje kondicioniranja se uporablja za stabilizacijo mikrobne komponente usedline in za odstranitev npr. amoniaka, ki izhaja iz sestavin usedline;
Light and temperature
gre za obdobje pred primešanjem preskusne kemikalije usedlini.
The photoperiod in the culture and the test is usually 16 hours (3), (7).
Voda nad usedlino se po kondicioniranju običajno zavrže.
Light intensity should be kept low (e.g. 100-500 lx) to imitate natural conditions at the sediment surface, and measured at least once during the exposure period.
Vrednost ECx je koncentracija preskusne kemikalije v usedlini, ki v navedenem obdobju izpostavljenosti povzroči X-odstotni (npr. 50-odstotni) učinek na biološki parameter.
The temperature should be 20 °C ± 2 °C throughout the test.
Obdobje za uravnoteženje se uporablja za porazdelitev preskusne kemikalije med trdno fazo, porno vodo in vodo nad usedlino;
On one given measuring date the difference of temperature between test vessels should not be higher than ± 1 °C.
gre za obdobje po primešanju preskusne kemikalije usedlini in pred dodajanjem preskusnih organizmov.
The test vessels should be placed in the test incubator or the test area in a randomised way, e.g. in order to minimise bias of reproduction due to vessel location.
Faza izpostavljenosti je čas, v katerem so preskusni organizmi izpostavljeni preskusni kemikaliji.
Aeration
Formulirana usedlina ali rekonstituirana, umetna ali sintetična usedlina je zmes snovi, uporabljenih za posnemanje fizičnih sestavin naravne usedline.
The overlying water of the test vessels should be gently aerated (e.g. 2 - 4 bubbles per second) via a pasteur pipette positioned approx.
Najnižja koncentracija z opaznim učinkom (LOEC) je najnižja preskušena koncentracija preskusne kemikalije, pri kateri je bilo opaženo, da ima snov značilen strupen učinek (pri p ≤ 0,05) v primerjavi s kontrolo.
2 cm above the sediment surface so as to minimise perturbation of the sediment.
Vendar morajo imeti vse koncentracije nad vrednostjo LOEC učinek, ki je enak ali večji od učinka, opaženega pri vrednosti LOEC.
Care should be taken that the dissolved oxygen concentration does not fall below 30 % of air saturation value (ASV).
Če teh dveh pogojev ni možno izpolniti, je treba podrobno razložiti, kako je bila izbrana vrednost LOEC (in s tem tudi vrednost NOEC).
Air supply should be controlled and — if necessary — adjusted at least once daily on workdays.
Koncentracija brez opaznega učinka (NOEC) je preskusna koncentracija tik pod vrednostjo LOEC, ki v danem obdobju izpostavljenosti v primerjavi s kontrolo nima statistično značilnega učinka (p ≤ 0,05).
Water quality measurements
Porazdelitveni koeficient oktanol/voda (Kow, včasih izražen tudi kot Pow) je uravnoteženo razmerje topnosti kemikalije v n-oktanolu in vodi ter predstavlja lipofilnost kemikalije (poglavje A.24 te priloge).
The following water quality parameters should be measured in the overlying water:
Vrednost Kow ali logaritem Kow (log Kow) se uporablja kot pokazatelj potenciala kemikalije za bioakumulacijo v vodnih organizmih.
at least in one test vessel of each concentration level and one test vessel of the controls once per week and at the start and the end of the exposure period;
Porazdelitveni koeficient organski ogljik/voda (Koc) je razmerje med koncentracijo kemikalije v/na delu usedline z organskim ogljikom in koncentracijo kemikalije v vodi v ravnotežnem stanju.
if possible, temperature in the surrounding medium (ambient air or water bath) may be recorded additionally e.g. at hourly intervals;
Voda nad usedlino je voda, ki prekriva usedlino v preskusni posodi.
Dissolved oxygen content:
Porna voda ali intersticijska voda je voda, ki zavzema prostor med delci usedline ali tal.
expressed as mg/l and % ASV (air saturation value);
Usedlina s primešano kemikalijo je usedlina, ki ji je bila dodana kemikalija.
Air supply:
Sestava priporočene rekonstituirane vode
should be controlled at least once daily on workdays and — if necessary — adjusted;
(prevzeto iz poglavja C.1 te priloge (1))
Total water hardness:
Raztopina kalcijevega klorida
at least in one replicate of the controls and one test vessel at the highest concentration at the start and the end of the exposure period;
V deionizirani vodi se raztopi 11,76 g CaCl2 2H2O;
expressed as mg/l CaCO3;
deionizirana voda se dolije do 1 litra.
Total ammonia content:
Raztopina magnezijevega sulfata
at least in one replicate of the controls and in one test vessel of each concentration level at the start of the exposure period, and subsequently 3 × per week;
V deionizirani vodi se raztopi 4,93 g MgSO4 7H2O;
expressed as mg/l NH4+ or NH3 or total ammonia-N.
Raztopina natrijevega bikarbonata
If measurement of water quality parameters requires removal of significant water samples from the vessels, it may be advisable to set up separate vessels for water quality measurements so as not to alter the water-to-sediment volume ratio.
V deionizirani vodi se raztopi 2,59 g NaHCO3;
Biological observations
Raztopina kalijevega klorida
During the exposure, the test vessels should be observed in order to assess visually any behavioural differences in the worms (e.g. sediment avoidance, fecal pellets visible on the sediment surface) compared with the controls.
V deionizirani vodi se raztopi 0,23 g KCl;
Observations should be recorded.
Vse kemikalije morajo biti analitsko čiste.
At the end of the test, each replicate is examined (additional vessels designated for chemical analyses may be excluded from examination).
Prevodnost destilirane ali deionizirane vode ne sme preseči 10 μScm– 1.
An appropriate method should be used to recover all worms from the test vessel.
Razmerje ionov Ca in Mg je 4: 1 ter ionov Na in K 10: 1.
Care should be taken that all worms are recovered uninjured.
Kislinska zmogljivost KS4,3 te raztopine je 0,8 mmol/l.
One possible method is sieving the worms from the sediment.
Voda za redčenje se prezračuje, dokler se ne doseže nasičenost s kisikom, nato se za približno dva dni shrani brez dodatnega prezračevanja pred uporabo.
A stainless steel mesh of appropriate mesh size can be used.
VIR
Most of the overlying water is carefully decanted, and the remaining sediment and water is agitated to result in a slurry, which can be passed through the sieve.
Poglavje C.1 te priloge, Akutna strupenost za ribe (preskus).
Using a 500 μm mesh, most of the sediment particles will pass the sieve very quickly;
Fizikalno-kemijske lastnosti sprejemljive vode za redčenje
however, sieving should be done quickly, in order to prevent the worms from crawling into or through the mesh.
(prevzeto iz OECD (1992) (1))
Using a 250 μm mesh will prevent the worms from crawling into or through the mesh;
Koncentracije
however, care should be taken that as little as possible of the sediment particles is retained on the mesh.
delci
The sieved slurry of each replicate vessel may be passed through the sieve a second time in order to ensure that all worms are recovered.
skupni organski ogljik
An alternative method could be warming of the sediment by placing the test vessels in a water bath at 50 – 60 °C;
< 2 μg/l
the worms will leave the sediment and can be collected from the sediment surface by use of a fire-polished wide-mouth pipette.
neionizirani amoniak
Another alternative method could be to produce a sediment slurry and pour this slurry onto a shallow pan of suitable size.
< 1 μg/l
From the shallow layer of slurry the worms can be picked up by a steel needle or watchmakers' tweezers (to be used rather like a fork than forceps to avoid injuring the worms) and transferred to clean water.
ostanek klora
After separating the worms from the sediment slurry, these are rinsed in test medium and counted.
< 10 μg/l
Independently of the method used, laboratories should demonstrate that their personnel are able to recover an average of at least 90 % of the organisms from whole sediment.
skupni organofosforni pesticidi
For example, a certain number of test organisms could be added to control sediment or test sediments, and recovery could be determined after 1 h (7).
< 50 ng/l
The total number of living and dead individuals per replicate should be recorded and assessed.
skupni organoklorni pesticidi in poliklorirani bifenili
The following groups of worms are considered to be dead:
skupni organski klor
there is no reaction after a gentle mechanical stimulus
< 25 ng/l
there are signs of decomposition (in combination with “a”)
Priporočljiva umetna usedlina – navodila za pripravo in shranjevanje
number of missing worms
Sestavine usedline
Additionally, the living worms can be assigned to one of three groups:
Sestavina
large complete worms (adults) without regenerated body regions
Značilnosti
complete worms with regenerated, lighter-coloured body regions (i.e., with new posterior part, with new anterior part, or with both new posterior and anterior parts)
Delež suhe teže usedline v %
incomplete worms (i.e., recently fragmented worms with non-regenerated body regions)
šota
These additional observations are not mandatory, but can be used for additional interpretation of the biological results (for example, a high number of worms assigned to group c may indicate a delay of reproduction or regeneration in a given treatment).
šotni mah, stopnja razgradnje:
Additionally, if any differences in appearance (e.g. lesions of the integument, oedematous body sections) are observed between treated and control worms, these should be recorded.
‚srednja‘, sušen na zraku, brez vidnih ostankov rastlin, fino drobljen (velikost delcev ≤ 0,5 mm)
Immediately after counting/assessment, the living worms found in each replicate are transferred to dried, pre-weighed and labelled weigh pans (one per replicate), and killed using a drop of ethanol per weigh pan.
kremenov pesek
The weigh pans are placed in a drying oven at 100 ± 5 °C to dry overnight, after which they are weighed after cooling in a desiccator, and worm dry weight is determined (preferably in g, at least 4 post-decimal digits).
velikost zrn:
In addition to the total dry weight, the ash-free dry weight may be determined as described in (49) in order to account for inorganic components originating from ingested sediment present in the alimentary tract of the worms.
≤ 2 mm, vendar mora biti > 50 % delcev v razponu 50–200 μm
The biomass is determined as total biomass per replicate including adult and young worms.
75–76
Dead worms should not be taken into account for the determination of biomass per replicate.
kaolinska glina
Verification of test chemical concentrations
vsebnost kaolinita ≥ 30 %
Sampling
vir hrane
Samples for chemical analysis of the test chemical should be taken at least of the highest concentration and a lower one, at least at the end of the equilibration phase (before adding the test organisms), and at the end of the test.
npr. prah vrste Urtica (listov koprive), listi vrste Urtica dioica (velike koprive), fino mleti (velikost delcev ≤ 0,5 mm);
At least the bulk sediment and the overlying water should be sampled for analysis.
0,4–0,5 %
At least two samples should be taken per matrix and treatment on each sampling date.
Organski ogljik
One of the duplicate samples may be stored as a reserve (to be analysed e.g. in the event that initial analysis falls outside the ± 20 % range from the nominal concentration).
uravnava se z dodatkom šote in peska.
In case of specific chemical properties, e.g. if rapid degradation of the test chemical is expected, the analytical schedule may be refined (e.g. more frequent sampling, analysis of more concentration levels) on the basis of expert judgment.
kalcijev karbonat
Samples may then be taken on intermediate sampling dates (e.g. on day seven after start of exposure).
CaCO3, zdrobljen v prah, kemijsko čist, poleg suhe usedline
The overlying water should be sampled by carefully decanting or siphoning off the overlying water so as to minimise perturbation of the sediment.
deionizirana voda
The volume of the samples should be recorded.
prevodnost ≤ 10 μS/cm, poleg suhe usedline
After the overlying water has been removed, the sediment should be homogenised and transferred to a suitable container.
30–50
The weight of the wet sediment sample is recorded.
Če so pričakovane povišane koncentracije amonijaka, npr. če je znano, da preskusna kemikalija zavira nitrifikacijo, je lahko koristna zamenjava 50 % koprivnega prahu, bogatega z dušikom, s celulozo (npr. s kemijsko čistim prahom α-celuloze velikosti delcev ≤ 0,5 mm; (1)(2)).
If analysis of the test chemical in the pore water is required additionally, the homogenised and weighed sediment samples should be centrifuged to obtain the pore water.
Priprava
For example, approximately 200 ml of wet sediment can be filled into 250 ml centrifugation beakers.
Šota se posuši na zraku in zmelje v fin prah.
Thereafter the samples should be centrifuged without filtration to isolate the porewater, e.g. at 10000 ± 600 × g for 30 - 60 min at a temperature not exceeding the temperature used in the test.
Pripravi se suspenzija potrebne količine šote v prahu v deionizirani vodi, za kar se uporabi visoko zmogljiva naprava za homogenizacijo.
After centrifugation, the supernatant is decanted or pipetted taking care that no sediment particles are introduced, and the volume is recorded.
Vrednost pH te suspenzije se s CaCO3 uravna na 5,5 ± 0,5.
The weight of the remaining sediment pellet is recorded.
Suspenzija se vsaj dva dneva kondicionira z rahlim mešanjem pri 20 ± 2 °C, da se stabilizira vrednost pH in vzpostavi stabilna mikrobna komponenta.
It may facilitate the estimation of the mass balance or recovery of the test chemical in the water-sediment system, if the sediment dry weight is determined at each sampling date.
Vrednost pH se znova izmeri in mora biti 6,0 ± 0,5.