natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Given that the compatibility conditions for start-up aid enshrined in point 79 of the 2005 Aviation Guidelines are cumulative, the Commission considers that it is only necessary to demonstrate that one of those conditions is not fulfilled in order to find that the aid to the airlines is not compatible.
Vse razdalje so v cestnih kilometrih, izmerjenih na podlagi najhitrejše proge.
The Commission starts its analysis with the condition set out in point 79(d) of the 2005 Aviation Guidelines.
Vir:
Point 79(d) of the 2005 Aviation Guidelines requires, inter alia, that the amount of aid granted in any one year does not exceed 50 % of total eligible costs for that year and total aid does not exceed an average of 30 % of eligible costs.
maps.google.com, dostop 25. junija 2014.
Eligible costs are defined as the ‘additional start-up costs incurred in launching the new route or frequency … which the air operator will not have to bear once it is up and running’ [112].
Desel Consulting und Airport Research Center GmbH, „Fluggast- und Flugbewegungsprognose für den Flughafen Zweibrücken bis zum Jahr 2025“, Gutachten im Auftrag der Flughafen Zweibrücken GmbH, september 2009, str. 56.
In the opening decision the Commission observed that the agreements with Germanwings, TUIFly and Ryanair did not provide for any connection between the aid granted and the eligible costs.
Velja obveznost varovanja poslovne skrivnosti.
Germany was therefore asked to provide details on the relationship between the aid and the eligible costs.
Združeni zadevi T-443/08 in T-455/08, Mitteldeutsche Flughafen AG in Flughafen Leipzig Halle GmbH proti Komisiji (v nadaljnjem besedilu: „sodba v zadevi letališče Leipzig/Halle“), ZOdl.
Neither Germany nor the third parties commenting on the opening decision provided any such information.
2011, str.
In this light, and considering that the agreements with the airlines in question make no reference to the costs of the airlines, let alone the eligible costs, the Commission finds that the compatibility condition enshrined in point 79(d) of the 2005 Aviation Guidelines is not fulfilled.
II-1311, zlasti točki 93 in 94;
In conclusion, the aid to the airlines cannot be found to constitute compatible start-up aid, as at least one of the compatibility conditions is not fulfilled.
potrjena z zadevo C-288/11 P, Mitteldeutsche Flughafen in Flughafen Leipzig-Halle proti Komisiji, ZOdl.
The State aid granted to Germanwings, TUIFly and Ryanair therefore constitutes unlawful and incompatible State aid that has to be recovered.
2012, ECLI:EU:C2012:821.
RECOVERY
Odločba Komisije 2005/842/ES z dne 28. novembra 2005 o uporabi člena 86(2) Pogodbe ES za državne pomoči v obliki nadomestila za javne storitve, dodeljene nekaterim podjetjem, pooblaščenim za opravljanje storitev splošnega gospodarskega pomena (UL L 312, 29.11.2005, str. 67).
In accordance with the Treaty and the Court of Justice's established case-law, the Commission is competent to decide that the Member State concerned must abolish or alter aid [113] when it has found that it is incompatible with the internal market.
Sklep Komisije 2012/21/EU z dne 20. decembra 2011 o uporabi člena 106(2) Pogodbe o delovanju Evropske unije za državno pomoč v obliki nadomestila za javne storitve, dodeljenega nekaterim podjetjem, pooblaščenim za opravljanje storitev splošnega gospodarskega pomena (UL L 7, 11.1.2012, str. 3).
The Court has also consistently held that the obligation on a State to abolish aid regarded by the Commission as being incompatible with the internal market is designed to re-establish the previously existing situation [114].
Sporočilo Komisije Okvir Evropske unije za državno pomoč v obliki nadomestila za javne storitve (2011) (UL C 8, 11.1.2012, str. 15).
In this context, the Court has stated that that objective is attained once the recipient has repaid the amounts granted by way of unlawful aid, thus forfeiting the advantage which it had enjoyed over its competitors on the market, and the situation prior to the payment of the aid is restored [115].
Sporočilo Komisije o spremembi metode določanja referenčnih obrestnih mer in diskontnih stopenj z dne 12. decembra 2007 (UL C 14, 19.1.2008, str. 6).
Following that case-law, Article 14 of Council Regulation (EC) No 659/1999 [116] laid down that ‘where negative decisions are taken in respect of unlawful aid, the Commission shall decide that the Member State concerned shall take all necessary measures to recover the aid from the beneficiary’.
Obvestilo Komisije o uporabi členov 87 in 88 Pogodbe ES za državno pomoč v obliki poroštev (UL C 155, 20.6.2008, str. 10).
Therefore, the State aid mentioned above (see recitals 282, 297, 318, 320, 395 and 405, taking into account recitals 198 to 200) must be reimbursed to Germany, insofar as it has been paid out.
Predloženo kot Priloga 8 k dopisu Nemčije z dne 27. januarja 2011.
Table 9 indicates the approximate recovery amounts.
Prof.
Table 9
Dr. Heuer und Prof.
Information about the approximate amounts of aid received, to be recovered and already recovered
Dr. Klophaus, unter Mitarbeit von Dr. Berster und Wilken, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft – und Raumfahrt, januar 2006, „Regionalökonomische Bedeutung und Perspektiven des Flugplatzes Zweibrücken“, str. 146;
Identity of the beneficiary
Desel Consulting und Airport Research Center GmbH, „Fluggast- und Flugbewegungsprognose für den Flughafen Zweibrücken bis zum Jahr 2025“, Gutachten im Auftrag der Flughafen Zweibrücken GmbH, september 2009, str. 85.
Total approximate amount of aid received (in EUR)
Pogodba o letaliških storitvah med letalskim prevoznikom Ryanair in družbo FZG z dne 22. septembra 2008, oddelek 3.
Total approximate amount of aid to be recovered [117] (in EUR)
Poročilo družbe Oxera, „Kako naj bi se sporazumi z družbo AMS obravnavali v okviru analize donosnosti pri preskusu udeleženca v tržnem gospodarstvu?“, pripravljeno za letalskega prevoznika Ryanair, 17. januarja 2014.
(Principal)
Poročilo družbe Oxera, „Kako naj bi se sporazumi z družbo AMS obravnavali v okviru analize donosnosti pri preskusu udeleženca v tržnem gospodarstvu? – Praktična uporaba“, pripravljeno za letalskega prevoznika Ryanair, 31. januarja 2014.
Total amount already reimbursed (in EUR)
Zadeva C-35/96, Komisija proti Italiji, Recueil 1998, str.
Principal
I-3851;
Recovery interest [118]
zadeva C-41/90, Höfner in Elser, Recueil 1991, str.
Direct Investment Grants
I-1979;
Capital Injections
zadeva C-244/94, Fédération Francaise des Sociétés d'Assurances proti Ministère de l'Agriculture et de la Pêche, Recueil 1995, str.
100 % Guarantee
I-4013;
Cash-Pool Participation
zadeva C-55/96, Job Centre, Recueil 1997, str.
To take account of the actual advantage received by the airline and its subsidiaries under the agreements, the amounts indicated in Table 9 may be adjusted, according to the supporting evidence provided by Germany, based on (i) the difference between, on the one hand, actual payments as presented ex post, that were made by the airline with regard to the airport charges (including the landing fee, the passenger fee and ground handling services under the airport services agreement), and on the other hand the forecasted cash flows (ex ante) on these items of income and shown in Table 8, and (ii) the difference between, on the one hand, the actual marketing payments as presented ex post which were paid to the airline or its subsidiaries under marketing services agreements and, other the other hand, the marketing costs as foreseen ex ante, corresponding to the amounts indicated in Table 8,
I-7119.
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:
Zadeva C-118/85, Komisija proti Italiji, Recueil 1987, str. 2599;
Article 1
zadeva C-35/96, Komisija proti Italiji, Recueil 1998, str.
The State aid, unlawfully put into effect by Germany in breach of Article 108(3) of the Treaty in favour of Flugplatz GmbH Aeroville Zweibrücken (‘FGAZ’)/Flughafen Zweibrücken GmbH (‘FZG’) between 2000 and 2009 by means of direct investment grants, annual capital injections, the grant of a 100 % guarantee on a bank loan free of charge, and allowing FGAZ to participate in Land Rhineland-Pfalz's cash-pool, is incompatible with the internal market.
I-3851.
The State aid, unlawfully put into effect by Germany in breach of Article 108(3) of the Treaty in favour of Germanwings, TUIFly and Ryanair/AMS by means of the airport services agreements and marketing services agreements concluded on 15 September 2006 (Germanwings), 1 April 2008 (TUIFly), and 22 September 2008/6 October 2008 (Ryanair/Airport Marketing Services (‘AMS’)) is incompatible with the internal market.
Sodba v zadevi letališče Leipzig/Halle, zlasti točki 93 in 94, ki je bila potrjena z zadevo C-288/11 P, Mitteldeutsche Flughafen in Flughafen Leipzig-Halle proti Komisiji, ZOdl.
Article 2
2012, ECLI:EU:C:2012:821;
The loan granted to FZG by Sparkasse Südwestpfalz does not constitute State aid.
glej tudi zadevo T-128/89, Aéroports de Paris proti Komisiji, Recueil 2000, str.
Article 3
I-9297 in T-196/04, Ryanair proti Komisiji, ZOdl.
Germany shall recover the incompatible aid referred to in Article 1 from the beneficiaries.
2008, str.
FGAZ and FZG shall be jointly liable to repay the State aid received by either of them.
II-3643.
Ryanair and AMS shall be jointly liable to repay the State aid received by either of them.
Združeni zadevi C-159/91 in C-160/91, Poucet proti AGV in Pistre proti Cancave, Recueil 1993, str.
The sums to be recovered are as follows:
I-637.
in respect of the direct investment grants granted by the Land Rhineland-Palatinate and the ZEF in favour of FZG:
Sodba v zadevi letališče Leipzig/Halle, točki 42 in 43.
EUR 20564170 granted between 12 December 2000 and 31 December 2009, minus the costs of fire brigade services and the costs for which the airport operator is entitled to reimbursement pursuant to §8(3) Luftsicherheitsgesetz to the extent that they were covered by the direct investment grants;
Zadeva C-170/83, Hydrotherm, Recueil 1984, str.
in respect of the annual capital injections granted by the Land Rhineland-Palatinate and the ZEF in favour of FGAZ:
I-2999, točka 11.
EUR 26629000 granted between 2000 and 2009, minus the costs of fire brigade services and the costs for which the airport operator is entitled to reimbursement pursuant to §8(3) Luftsicherheitsgesetz to the extent that they were covered by the annual capital injections, and minus those sums granted before 12 December 2000;
Glej tudi zadevo T-137/02, Pollmeier Malchow proti Komisiji, Recueil 2004, str.
in respect of the 100 % guarantee on the loan granted by the Land Rhineland-Palatinate in favour of FZG:
II-3541, točka 50.
in respect of the participation of FGAZ in the cash-pool of Land Rhineland-Palatinate:
Glej na primer zadevo C-480/09 P, AceaElectrabel Produzione SpA proti Komisiji, ZOdl.
the cash-equivalent of the advantageous loan conditions, to be determined pursuant to the Communication from the Commission on the revision of the method for setting the reference and discount rates of 12 December 2007, minus any advantage received on loans that were used to cover the costs of fire brigade services and the costs for which the airport operator is entitled to reimbursement pursuant to §8(3) Luftsicherheitsgesetz;
2010, str.
in respect of the airport services agreement concluded between Germanwings and FZG on 15 September 2006:
I-13355, točke 47–55;
the amount of incompatible aid;
in zadevo C-222/04, Ministero dell'Economia e delle Finanze proti Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze SpA in drugim, ZOdl.
in respect of the airport services agreement concluded between TUIFly and FZG on 1 April 2008:
2006, str.
in respect of the airport services agreement and marketing services agreements concluded between Ryanair and FZG on 22 September 2008 and between AMS and the Land Rhineland-Palatinate on 6 October 2008:
I-289, točka 112.
the amount of incompatible aid.
Zadeva C-480/09 P, AceaElectrabel Produzione SpA proti Komisiji, ZOdl.
The sums to be recovered shall bear interest from the date on which they were put at the disposal of the beneficiaries until their actual recovery.
2010, str.
Germany shall provide the exact dates on which the aid provided by the State was put at the disposal of the respective beneficiaries.
I-13355, točke 47–55;
The interest shall be calculated on a compound basis in accordance with Chapter V of Commission Regulation (EC) No 794/2004 [119].
zadeva C-222/04, Cassa di Risparmio de Firenze SpA in drugi, ZOdl.
Germany shall cancel all outstanding payments of the aid referred to in Article 1 with effect from the date of adoption of this Decision.
2006, str.
Article 4
I-289, točka 112.
Recovery of the aid referred to in Article 1 shall be immediate and effective.
Sodba v zadevi letališče Leipzig/Halle, točka 95.
Germany shall ensure that this Decision is implemented within four months following the date of notification of this Decision.
Glej smiselno tudi zadevo C-205/03 P, FENIN proti Komisiji, ZOdl.
Article 5
2006, str.
Within two months following notification of this Decision, Germany shall submit the following information:
I-6295, točka 26.
the total amount of aid received by the beneficiaries, and in particular:
Glej zapisnik nadzornega sveta družbe FGAZ z dne 2. oktobra 2006, v katerem je navedeno, da letališče prejema plačilo za storitve, ki jih zagotavlja vojaškim uporabnikom.
the amount of direct investment grants, capital injections, and the cash-equivalent of advantageous loans that covered the costs of fire brigade services and costs for which the airport operator is entitled to reimbursement pursuant to §8(3) LuftSiG;
Zadeva C-364/92, SAT Fluggesellschaft proti Eurocontrol, Recueil 1994, str.
information on the creditworthiness of FGAZ/FZG when the 100 % guarantee was issued and when each loan from the cash-pool was provided, with a view to enabling the Commission to determine the cash-equivalent of the guarantee and the advantageous conditions of the cash-pool loans in line with the Commission Notice on the application of Article 87 and 88 of the EC Treaty to State aid in the form of guarantees and Communication from the Commission on the revision of the method for setting the reference and discount rates of 12 December 2007, respectively;
I-43.
the total amount (principal and recovery interests) to be recovered from each beneficiary;
Zadeva C-118/85, Komisija proti Italiji, Recueil 1987, str. 2599, točki 7 in 8, in zadeva C-30/87, Bodson/Pompes funèbres des régions libérées, Recueil 1988, str. 2479, točka 18.
a detailed description of the measures already taken and planned to comply with this Decision;
Odločba Komisije N 309/02 z dne 19. marca 2003.
documents demonstrating that the beneficiaries have been ordered to repay the aid.
Glej zlasti zadevo C-364/92, SAT Fluggesellschaft proti Eurocontrol, Recueil 1994, str.
Germany shall keep the Commission informed of the progress of the national measures taken to implement this Decision until recovery of the aid referred to in Article 1 has been completed.
I-43, točka 30, in zadevo C-113/07 P, Selex Sistemi Integrati proti Komisiji, ZOdl.
It shall immediately submit, on simple request by the Commission, information on the measures already taken and planned to comply with this Decision.
2009, str.
It shall also provide detailed information concerning the amounts of aid and recovery interest already recovered from the beneficiaries.
I-2207, točka 71.
Article 6
Glej med drugim zadevo C-172/03, Wolfgang Heiser proti Finanzamt Innsbruck, ZOdl.
This Decision is addressed to the Federal Republic of Germany.
2005, str.
Done at Brussels, 1 October 2014.
I-1627, točka 36, in navedeno sodno prakso.
For the Commission
Sklep Komisije z dne 20. februarja 2014 o državni pomoči SA.35847 (2012/N) – Češka republika – Letališče Ostrava, še neobjavljen v UL, uvodna izjava 16.
Vice-President
Letališča Zweibrücken ni navedeno v publikaciji o vojaških letalskih informacijah „Military Aeronautical Information Publication Germany“ (MIL AIP Germany), ki vsebuje seznam vseh vojaških letališč v Nemčiji.
With effect from 1 December 2009, Articles 87, and 88 of the EC Treaty have become Articles 107 and 108, respectively, of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (hereinafter: ‘TFEU’).
Zadeva C-482/99, Francija proti Komisiji („Stardust Marine“), Recueil 2002, str.
For the purposes of this Decision references to Articles 107 and 108 TFEU should be understood as references to Articles 87 and 88 of the EC Treaty when appropriate.
Združeni zadevi T-267/08 in T-279/08, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, ZOdl.
The TFEU also introduced certain changes in terminology, such as the replacement of ‘Community’ by ‘Union’ and ‘common market’ by ‘internal market’.
2011, ECLI:EU:T:2011:209, točka 108.
The terminology of the TFEU will be used throughout this Decision.
Zadeva C-39/94, Syndicat français de l'Express international (SFEI) in drugi proti La Poste in drugim, Recueil 1996, str.
OJ C 216, 21.7.2012, p. 56.
I-3547, točka 60, in zadeva C-342/96, Kraljevina Španija proti Komisiji Evropskih skupnosti, Recueil 1999, str.
Written question E-6470/08 of 2 December 2008 by Hiltrud Breyer (Verts/ALE) to the Commission regarding subsidisation of Zweibrücken airport by the Land Rhineland-Palatinate.
I-2459, točka 41.
Communication from the Commission — Guidelines on State aid to airports and airlines (OJ C 99, 4.4.2014, p. 3).
Zadeva 173/73, Italijanska republika proti Komisiji Evropskih skupnosti, Recueil 1974, str. 709, točka 13.
Application of Article 92 and 93 of the EC Treaty and Article 61 of the EEA Agreement to State aids in the Aviation Sector (OJ C 350, 10.12.1994, p. 5).
Zadeva C-482/99, Francija proti Komisiji („Stardust Marine“), Recueil 2002, str.
Community guidelines on financing of airports and start-up aid to airlines departing from regional airports (OJ C 312, 9.12.2005, p. 1).
I-4397, točka 69.
OJ C 113, 15.4.2014, p. 30.
Zadeva C-305/89, Italija proti Komisiji („Alfa Romeo“), Recueil 1991, str.
Regulation No 1 of 15 April 1958 determining the languages to be used by the European Economic Community (OJ 17, 6.10.1958, p. 385/58).
I-1603, točka 23;
Commission Decision of 22 December 1993 — K (93) 3964/6 — KONVER I — and Commission Decision of 21 December 1995 — K (95) 3208 — KONVER II.
zadeva T-296/97, Alitalia proti Komisiji, Recueil 2000, str.
For Rhineland-Palatine the conversion projects included the project ‘military airfield Zweibrücken’.
II-03871, točka 84.
Union financing reached EUR 9 million.
Zadeva 40/85, Belgija proti Komisiji, Recueil 1986, str.
http://www.flughafen-zweibruecken.de/de/wir-ueber-uns-de/daten-und-fakten-de.
I-2321.
All distances in road kilometres, based on the fastest route.
Zadeva Stardust Marine, točka 71.
Source:
Zadeva C-124/10P, Evropska komisija proti Électricité de France (EDF), ZOdl.
maps.google.com, accessed 25 June 2014.
2012, ECLI:EU:C:2012:318, točka 85.
Desel Consulting und Airport Research Center GmbH, ‘Fluggast- und Flugbewegungsprognose für den Flughafen Zweibrücken bis zum Jahr 2025’, Gutachten im Auftrag der Flughafen Zweibrücken GmbH, September 2009, p. 56.
Glej opombo 22.
covered by the obligation of professional secrecy
Zadeva T-214/95, Het Vlaamse Gewest proti Komisiji, Recueil 1998, str.
Joined Cases T-443/08 and T-455/08 Mitteldeutsche Flughafen AG and Flughafen Leipzig Halle GmbH v Commission (hereinafter: ‘Leipzig/Halle judgment’) [2011] ECR II-1311, in particular paragraphs 93-94;
II-717.
confirmed by case C-288/11 P Mitteldeutsche Flughafen and Flughafen Leipzig-Halle v Commission [2012] ECLI:EU:C:2012:821.
Mai 2003, Ministerium für Wirtschaft, Verkehr, Landwirtschaft und Weinbau, 15. maj 2003.
Commission Decision 2005/842/EC of 28 November 2005 on the application of Article 86(2) of the EC Treaty to State aid in the form of public service compensation granted to certain undertakings entrusted with the operation of services of general economic interest (OJ L 312, 29.11.2005, p. 67).
Einschätzung der rheinland–pfälzischen Innenministeriums, 15. maj 2003.
Commission Decision 2012/21/EU of 20 December 2011 on the application of Article 106(2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to State aid in the form of public service compensation granted to certain undertakings entrusted with the operation of services of general economic interest (OJ L 7, 11.1.2012, p. 3).
Zadeva T-109/01, Fleuren Compost proti Komisiji, Recueil 2004, str.
Commission Communication on a European Union framework for State aid in the form of public service compensation (2011) (OJ C 8, 11.1.2012, p. 15).
II-127.
Communication from the Commission: Community Guidelines on State aid for Rescuing and Restructuring Firms in Difficulty (2004) (OJ C 244, 1.10.2004, p. 2).
UL C 119, 22.5.2002, str. 22.
Communication from the Commission on the revision of the method for setting the reference and discount rates of 12 December 2007 (OJ C 14, 19.1.2008, p. 6).
Točka 173 smernic za letalski sektor iz leta 2014.
Commission Notice on the application of Article 87 and 88 of the EC Treaty to State aid in the form of guarantees (OJ C 155, 20.6.2008, p. 10).
Točka 172 smernic za letalski sektor iz leta 2014.
Submitted as Annex 8 to Germany's submission of 27 January 2011.
Točka 25(v) smernic za letalski sektor iz leta 2014.
Prof. Dr Heuer und Prof. Dr Klophaus, unter Mitarbeit von Dr Berster and Wilken, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft — und Raumfahrt, Januar 2006, ‘Regionalökonomische Bedeutung und Perspektiven des Flugplatzes Zweibrücken’, S. 146;
Izražene v dobičku pred obrestmi, davki in amortizacijo.
Desel Consulting und Airport Research Center GmbH, ‘Fluggast- und Flugbewegungsprognose für den Flughafen Zweibrücken bis zum Jahr 2025’, Gutachten im Auftrag der Flughafen Zweibrücken GmbH, September 2009, p. 85.
Desel Consulting und Airport Research Center GmbH, „Fluggast- und Flugbewegungsprognose für den Flughafen Zweibrücken bis zum Jahr 2025“, Gutachten im Auftrag der Flughafen Zweibrücken GmbH, september 2009;
Airport Services Agreement between Ryanair and FZG of 22 September 2008, Section 3.
Intraplan Consult GmbH, „Luftverkehrsprognose Flughafen Saarbrücken – Vorgehensweise und Ergebnisse“, oktober 2010.
Oxera, ‘How should AMS agreements be treated within the profitability analysis as part of the market economy operator test?’ prepared for Ryanair, on 17 January 2014.
Sklep Komisije z dne 1. oktobra 2014 o državni pomoči SA.26190 – Nemčija – Letališče Saarbrücken, še neobjavljen v Uradnem listu.
Oxera, ‘How should AMS agreements be treated within the profitability analysis as part of the market economy operator test? — Practical application’ prepared for Ryanair, on 31 January 2014.
Komisija po navedbah letalskega prevoznika TUIFly ugotavlja, da njegova odločitev, da zapusti letališče Saarbrücken in se preseli na letališče Zweibrücken, izhaja iz varnostnih razlogov, povezanih z vzletno-pristajalno stezo letališča Saarbrücken.
Case C-35/96 Commission v Italy [1998] ECR I-3851;
Po drugi strani je Nemčija v okviru formalnega postopka preiskave v zadevi SA.26190 trdila, da odločitev letalskih prevoznikov, da zapustijo letališče Saarbrücken zaradi njegove infrastrukture, niso upravičene.
Case C-41/90 Höfner and Elser [1991] ECR I-1979;
Komisija ne more ugibati, kateri so natančni razlogi za preselitev letalskega prevoznika TUIFly z letališča Saarbrücken na letališče Zweibrücken.
Case C-244/94 Fédération Française des Sociétés d'Assurances v Ministère de l'Agriculture et de la Pêche [1995] ECR I-4013;
Letališče Leipzig/Halle je na primer konkuriralo letališču Vatry (Francija) za vzpostavitev evropskega vozlišča DHL.
Case C-55/96 Job Centre [1997] ECR I-7119.
Glej sodbo v zadevi letališče Leipzig/Halle, točka 93.
Case 118/85 Commission v Italy [1987] ECR 2599;
Odziv letališča Liege na javno posvetovanje o smernicah za letalski sektor iz leta 2014.
Case 35/96 Commission v Italy [1998] ECR I-3851.
Desel Consulting und Airport Research Center GmbH, „Fluggast- und Flugbewegungsprognose für den Flughafen Zweibrücken bis zum Jahr 2025“, Gutachten im Auftrag der Flughafen Zweibrücken GmbH, september 2009.
Leipzig/Halle judgment, in particular paragraphs 93-94;
Sklep Komisije z dne 1. oktobra 2014 o državni pomoči SA.26190 – Nemčija – Letališče Saarbrücken, še neobjavljen v Uradnem listu.