natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
It also stresses that ‘In order to implement the capitalisation-based approach, it is necessary to estimate the average length of time that an airport would be able to retain a customer due to the AMS marketing campaign.
Po navedbah Francije je „tedanji upravljavec prvotno sprejemal odločitve glede na napovedi rasti prometa, ki so dopuščale možnosti za uvedbo novih storitev, in to ne glede na neposredne gospodarske učinke, ki bi lahko iz tega izhajali za letališče z vidika gospodarskih učinkov, pričakovanih za regijo“.
In practice, it would be very difficult to estimate the average period of customer retention following an AMS campaign due to insufficient data’.
To dejstvo dodatno potrjuje, da v pogodbah z družbama Ryanair in AMS ni upoštevano načelo udeleženca v tržnem gospodarstvu.
The study of 31 January 2014 proposes a practical application of the ‘cash flow’ approach.
Dodaten znak, ki to jasno potrjuje, je dejstvo, da je družba Veolia Transport, tik preden je postala upravljavec letališča, menila, da bi lahko promet družbe Ryanair zmanjšal donosnost letališča.
In this approach, the benefits of the marketing services agreements and airport services agreements that last even after the marketing services agreement has expired are expressed as a ‘terminal value’ calculated on the agreement’s expiry date.
V dokumentih, ki jih je družba Veolia Transport predložila v okviru razpisnega postopka, je tako navedeno: „Poleg tega bi bilo mogoče zamenjavo dejavnosti družbe Ryanair (ki ima na letališču posebno ugodne pogoje) dolgoročno ugodno nadomestiti s prihodom družb, ki bi lahko sprejele gospodarske pogoje, cenejše za upravljavca letališča […]“; „Prevzem več kot […]-odstotnega tveganja s strani organa, ki prenese pooblastila, je mogoče utemeljiti s strateškim pristopom števila turistov, ki ji prepelje družba RYANAIR, za gospodarstvo departmaja Gard; kot smo namreč pojasnili v ponudbi, prihod te družbe (pod posebno ugodnimi pogoji) na ravni letališča povzroča gospodarske izgube, vendar prinaša precejšen dobiček na ravni lokalnega gospodarstva.“; „Družba RYANAIR se običajno odloča za majhna ali srednje velika letališča, zlasti v Franciji, s katerimi s pogajanji določi zelo ugodne materialne in/ali finančne pogoje.“; „Skratka, če združimo glavno pogodbo in pogodbo družbe Airport Marketing Services, je iz salda transakcij z družbo RYANAIR razviden negativen promet (med […] 000 EUR in […] 000 EUR glede na stanje ponudbe in število potnikov, kar pomeni, da je povprečni strošek na potnika na odhodnem letu za letališče od […] do […] EUR na potnika brez davka“.
This terminal value is calculated based on the incremental profits expected from the airport services and marketing services agreements in the final year of application of the airport services agreement.
Kot je pojasnjeno v nadaljevanju, so te različne navedbe podprte z oceno Komisije v zvezi z analizo donosnosti, ki bi jo opravil hipotetični udeleženec v tržnem gospodarstvu.
These profits are projected into the following period, the term of which is equal to the term of the airport services agreement, adjusted by the growth rate of the air transport market in Europe.
Komisija je med postopkom pozvala Francijo, naj ponovno pripravi kvantitativno analizo donosnosti, ki bi jo udeleženec v tržnem gospodarstvu opravil pred sklenitvijo pogodb z družbama Ryanair in AMS, na podlagi objektivnih informacij, s katerimi so bili upravljavci seznanjeni ob sklenitvi pogodb, in na podlagi predvidenega razvoja.
They are also adjusted by a probability factor designed to reflect the capacity of the airport services agreement and the marketing services agreement to contribute to the airport’s profits after they have expired.
Francija je v odgovor na ta poziv predložila ponovno pripravljeno analizo ocenjenih dodatnih stroškov in prihodkov, povezanih s posameznimi pogodbami z družbama Ryanair in AMS.
According to the study of 31 January 2014, this capacity to produce lasting benefits depends on various factors ‘… including greater prominence and a stronger brand, alongside network externalities and repeat passengers’, although no details are given about these factors.
Ta analiza za obdobje upravljanja zbornice temelji predvsem na naknadnih podatkih, to je podatkih, knjiženih po sklenitvi pogodb.
Moreover, this method takes into account a discount rate that reflects capital costs.
Ker ta analiza temelji predvsem na podatkih o stroških in prihodkih, knjiženih po sklenitvi različnih pogodb, in ne nujno na informacijah, ki jih je bilo mogoče predvideti ob sklenitvi pogodb, ta metoda ne more izražati ocene donosnosti, ki bi jo udeleženec v tržnem gospodarstvu opravil pred odločitvijo glede sklenitve teh pogodb.
The study suggests a probability factor of 30 %, which it considers prudent.
Poleg tega v zvezi s stroški metoda, ki jo je uporabila Francija, dejansko temelji na skupnih stroških na enoto, to je skupnih stroških upravljanja letališča na potnika, namesto na dodatnih stroških, to je stroških na potnika, ki so posebej nastali na podlagi posamezne pogodbe.
However, this highly theoretical study does not provide any serious quantitative or qualitative evidence for this factor.
Vendar se lahko dodatni stroški razlikujejo od skupnih stroškov na enoto in so praviloma bistveno nižji, saj je delež stalnih stroškov na letališču velik.
It does not base itself on any facts relating to Ryanair’s activities, air transport markets or airport services to substantiate this rate of 30 %.
Uporaba skupnih stroškov na enoto je torej druga pomanjkljivost metode, ki jo je predlagala Francija.
It does not establish any link between this rate and the factors that it mentions in passing (prominence, strong brand, network externalities and repeat passengers) and that are supposed to extend the benefits of the airport services and marketing services agreements beyond their expiry dates.
Poleg tega metoda znatno zmanjša donosnost nekaterih pogodb in s tem prikrajša zadevne letalske prevoznike.
Finally, it does not in any way base itself on the specific content of the marketing services provided for in the various agreements with AMS when analysing to what extent these services could influence the factors mentioned above.
Zato je Komisija za uporabo načela udeleženca v tržnem gospodarstvu opravila svojo analizo z rekonstrukcijo dodatnih stroškov in prihodkov, povezanih z različnimi pogodbami, kot bi jih predhodno izračunal udeleženec v tržnem gospodarstvu v skladu z načelom udeleženca na trgu.
Moreover, it does not prove that there is any likelihood that, on the expiry of an airport services agreement and marketing services agreement, the profits generated by these agreements for the airport operator in the final year of their application will continue in the future.
Predpostavke in rezultati analize so predstavljeni v nadaljevanju.
Likewise, it provides no evidence that the growth rate of the air transport market in Europe is a useful indicator for measuring the impact of an airport services agreement and a marketing services agreement for a given airport.
Časovni okvir
A ‘terminal value’ calculated using the method suggested by Ryanair would therefore be highly unlikely to be taken into account by a prudent MEO when deciding whether or not to enter into an agreement.
Udeleženec v tržnem gospodarstvu bi pri oceni interesa za sklenitev pogodbe o letaliških storitvah in/ali pogodbe o tržnih storitvah za časovni okvir izbral trajanje veljavnosti zadevne pogodbe ali zadevnih pogodb.
The study of 31 January 2014 therefore shows that a ‘cash flow’ method would lead to only very imprecise and unreliable results, as would the ‘capitalisation’ method.
Zdi se, da ni nikakršnih razlogov za uporabo daljšega obdobja.
Moreover, neither France nor any interested third party has provided any evidence that the method put forward by Ryanair in this study, or any other method aiming to take into account and quantify the benefits extending beyond the expiry of the airport services agreements and marketing services agreements, has been successfully used by operators of regional airports comparable to Nîmes.
Preudaren udeleženec v tržnem gospodarstvu se namreč ob sklenitvi pogodb ne bi zanašal na to, da bodo pogodbe ob izteku podaljšane, bodisi pod istimi ali drugačnimi pogoji, zlasti ker so nizkocenovni letalski prevozniki, kakršen je družba Ryanair, z vidika svojih dejavnosti veljali in še veljajo za zelo dinamične v smislu uvajanja in ukinjanja rut ali celo povečevanja in zmanjševanja pogostosti letov.
France has not for that matter commented on the studies of 17 and 31 January 2014 and has not therefore approved their conclusions.
Poleg tega je treba opozoriti, da razen pri nekaterih pogodbah datum dejanskega začetka dejavnosti, zajetih v pogodbi, ni sovpadal z datumom podpisa pogodbe.
Moreover, as stated above, the marketing services considered by the formal investigation procedure clearly target people likely to use the routes covered by the marketing services agreements.
V tem primeru je bil za izhodišče uporabljen datum dejanskega začetka izvajanja dejavnosti in ne datum podpisa.
If these routes are not renewed on the expiry of the airport services agreement, it is unlikely that the marketing services will continue to have a positive effect on passenger traffic at the airport after the expiry date.
Opozoriti je treba tudi, da se pri uporabi načela udeleženca v tržnem gospodarstvu ni upoštevalo dejstvo, da družba Ryanair na nekaterih rutah ni delovala v celotnem obdobju, določenem v nekaterih pogodbah, saj ta dejavnik ob sklenitvi pogodb ni bil znan in ga takrat ni bilo mogoče predvideti.
Therefore, when entering into a transaction such as those being examined in this formal investigation procedure, a prudent MEO could not rely on an airline being willing to extend the operation of the route in question on the expiry of the agreement.
Analiza, ki jo je opravila Komisija, temelji na dodatnem prometu (to pomeni na številu dodatnih potnikov), ki bi ga udeleženec v tržnem gospodarstvu, ki bi upravljal letališče Nîmes namesto upravljavcev, lahko predvidel ob sklenitvi pogodb.
This method involves taking the incremental profit expected in the final year of application of the airport services agreement and projecting it into the future by applying two factors.
Ocenjeni dodatni promet je bil določen na podlagi števila rut in pogostosti letov, kot sta določena v različnih pogodbah o letaliških storitvah in pogodbah o tržnih storitvah, ter na podlagi pridobljenega števila povratnih letov na leto.
The first factor is the overall growth of the European air transport market and reflects the expected traffic growth.
Poleg tega je Komisija upoštevala zmogljivost letal, ki jih uporablja družba Ryanair, to so Boeing 737-200, Boeing 737-300 in Boeing 737-800.
The second is a factor of 30 % that approximately represents the probability of the agreements that are due to expire promoting the future signature of similar agreements likely to generate similar financial flows.
Komisija je v zvezi s pogodbami, sklenjenimi od oktobra 2005, ki so zajemale tržne storitve, ki jih je zagotavljala družba AMS, predpostavljala koeficient zasedenosti 85 % na let.
As a result, if the future incremental profit expected in the final year of application of the airport services agreement is negative, the terminal value will also be negative (or at most will be zero), which indicates that the signature of agreements similar to those that have recently expired will, just like those agreements, each year erode the airport’s profitability.
Ta predpostavka je ugodna za družbo Ryanair, saj je 85-odstotna stopnja visoka.
The study of 31 January 2014 very briefly considers this scenario, by simply indicating in a footnote, without any comments or explanations, that ‘… no terminal value can be calculated if incremental profits net of AMS payments are negative in the last year of the period under consideration’.
Poleg tega je ta stopnja nekoliko višja od povprečja za lete, ki jih družba Ryanair opravlja v svojem omrežju, in enaka oziroma višja od koeficienta zasedenosti, ki ga je Francija predlagala za več pogodb v svojih ponovno pripravljenih analizah donosnosti.
However, as will be shown further on, all the agreements in this case involve projected incremental flows that have a negative net present value each year, and not just overall.
Vendar Komisija meni, da se ta visoki koeficient zasedenosti, čeprav gre za ugodno predpostavko, lahko uporabi za izražanje morebitnega ugodnega učinka tržnih storitev na število potnikov na rutah, zajetih v različnih pogodbah, in ob neobstoju drugih elementov, ki količinsko opredeljujejo predvidljiv učinek teh storitev na koeficient zasedenosti.
As a result, for these agreements, a ‘terminal value’ calculated using the method proposed by Ryanair would be zero or even negative.
Nasprotno pa je Komisija za pogodbe, sklenjene pred oktobrom 2005, uporabila nižje koeficiente zasedenosti.
Taking account of such a terminal value would not therefore call into question the finding that the various agreements involve an economic advantage.
V zvezi s tem sprejete predpostavke so podrobneje opisane v nadaljevanju v analizi posamezne zadevne pogodbe.
In conclusion, it is clear from the above that the only benefit that a prudent MEO would expect from a marketing services agreement, and that it would take into account and quantify when deciding whether or not to enter into such an agreement, together with an airport services agreement, would be that the marketing services would have a positive effect on the number of passengers using the routes covered by the agreements in question for the operating period of those routes, as set out in the agreements.
V zvezi s tem je treba ugotoviti, da pogodba iz aprila 2000 in njene različne spremembe niso določale izvajanja tržnih storitev družbe Ryanair ali njenih hčerinskih družb, temveč odnose z javnostjo v omejenem obsegu (širjenje sporočil za javnost, izvedba tiskovnih konferenc …), za katere je odgovorna zbornica.
Any other benefits would be deemed too uncertain to be taken into account and quantified, and there is nothing to suggest that they were taken into account by the Operators.
Nekatere pogodbe so vsebovale navedbe v zvezi s pričakovanim številom potnikov na predvidenih rutah.
Relevance of comparing the terms of the airport services agreements covered by the formal investigation procedure with the airport charges invoiced at other airports
Ker pa te navedbe niso bile zavezujoče, jih preudaren udeleženec v tržnem gospodarstvu ne bi nujno upošteval v svoji analizi donosnosti.
Under the new Guidelines for applying the MEO test, the existence of aid to an airline using a particular airport can, in principle, be excluded where the price charged for the airport services corresponds to the market price or it can be demonstrated through an ex ante analysis, that is to say one based on information available when the aid is granted and on developments foreseeable at that time, that the airport/airline arrangement will lead to a positive incremental profit contribution for the airport and that it forms part of an overall strategy intended to lead the airport to profitability at least in the long term.
Zato jih Komisija ni upošteval in je za vse pogodbe, sklenjene od leta 2005, uporabila predpostavko 85-odstotnega koeficienta zasedenosti (ki je višji od teh navedb).
However, under the first approach (comparison with a ‘market price’), the Commission seriously doubts that, at the present time, an appropriate benchmark can be identified to establish a true market price for services provided by airports and considers an ex ante incremental profitability analysis to be the most relevant criterion for the assessment of arrangements concluded by airports with individual airlines.
Vendar bi udeleženec v tržnem gospodarstvu verjetno računal na število potnikov, večje od minimalnega števila, ki bi ga jamčil letalski prevoznik.
The Commission considers it appropriate to reiterate in the context of this analysis that, following the adoption of the new Guidelines, both France and the interested parties were invited to submit comments on the application of those guidelines to the present case.
Udeleženec v tržnem gospodarstvu bi namreč verjetno predpostavljal, da je letalski prevoznik predvidel varnostno razliko med obsegom prometa, h kateremu se je zavezal, in obsegom prometa, ki ga je lahko razumno pričakoval.
In the event, neither France nor the interested parties disputed the substance of the Commission’s approach according to which, where an appropriate benchmark cannot be identified to establish a true market price for the services provided by airports to airlines, the most relevant criterion for assessing the arrangements concluded between these two parties is an ex ante incremental profitability analysis.
Komisija se je zato odločila, da v svoji oceni ne bo upoštevala teh obveznih minimumov.
It should be noted that, in general, the application of the MEO test based on an average price observed in other similar markets may prove helpful where a market price can be reasonably identified or deduced from other market indicators.
Ti minimumi so običajno nižji od predvidevanj Komisije glede dodatnega prometa.
However, this method may not be as relevant in the case of airport services.
Dodatni prihodki (pogodbe z družbama Ryanair in AMS)
This is because the costs and revenues structure tends to differ significantly from one airport to another.
Komisija si je za vsako transakcijo, zajeto v njeni analizi, prizadevala določiti dodatne prihodke, to je prihodke, nastale zaradi transakcije, kot bi jih ocenil udeleženec v tržnem gospodarstvu.
These costs and revenues depend on the airport’s state of development, number of airlines operating from/to the airport, available capacity in terms of passenger traffic, state of the infrastructure and related investments, regulatory framework, which may vary from one Member State to another, and historical debts and obligations of the airport.
Komisija glede uporabe načela enojnega zaračunavanja meni, da je treba upoštevati prihodke iz letalskih in neletalskih dejavnosti.
Moreover, the liberalisation of the air transport market complicates any purely comparative analysis.
Prihodki iz letalskih dejavnosti obsegajo prihodek iz različnih pristojbin, ki jih mora letalski prevoznik plačati upravljavcu letališča, ki so:
As the present case amply demonstrates, commercial arrangements between airports and airlines are not necessarily based on a list of public prices for individual services.
„pristajalna pristojbina“, ki jo sestavlja stalni znesek na povratni let,
Rather, these commercial relationships vary widely.
„potniška pristojbina“, ki jo sestavlja stalni znesek na potnika na odhodnem letu,
They include sharing risks with regard to passenger traffic and any related commercial and financial liability, standard incentive schemes and changing the spread of risks over the term of the agreements.
pristojbino za storitve zemeljske oskrbe v obliki zneska na povratni let, določenega v različnih pogodbah o letaliških storitvah.
As a result, it is difficult to compare transactions based on a price per rotation or per passenger.
Pristajalna pristojbina in potniška pristojbina, ki ju uporabljajo upravljavci, sta načeloma regulirani pristojbini za dostop do letaliških infrastruktur, ki se vsem letalskim prevoznikom, ki uporabljajo letališče, zaračunata na podlagi posvetovanj in se objavita.
Ryanair considers that the MEO test can be applied using certain European airports as a benchmark.
Komisija je v zvezi s temi različnimi pogodbami za napovedane zneske pristajalne in potniške pristojbine na enoto uporabila javne pristojbine, ki so veljale ob sklenitvi pogodb, pri čemer je upoštevala navedbe iz pogodb o načinu izračuna pristojbin, ki se zaračunavajo družbi Ryanair, in jih indeksirala po 2-odstotni stopnji na leto, ker je bilo razumno predvideti, da se bodo regulirane pristojbine vsako leto zvišale v skladu z inflacijo.
In this respect, it believes that certain European airports are substitutable for Nîmes airport due to their similarities and has provided a study comparing the airport charges paid by Ryanair at Nîmes airport with the airport charges paid at those airports regarded as comparable.
Sistem reguliranih letaliških pristojbin ne določa samodejne indeksacije, temveč pravico upravljavca, da navedene pristojbine sčasoma prilagodi po postopku posvetovanja.
It concludes that the charges paid at Nîmes are not significantly lower.
Ob sklenitvi različnih zadevnih pogodb torej ni bilo mogoče zanesljivo predvideti prihodnjega razvoja navedenih reguliranih pristojbin.
However, the method adopted by Ryanair is ineffective in so far as it limits itself to the services and payments resulting from the airport services agreements without taking into account the marketing services agreements.
Komisija v teh okoliščinah meni, da bi udeleženec v tržnem gospodarstvu lahko izdelal enostavno in logično predpostavko, v skladu s katero bi se pristojbine vsako leto zvišale v skladu z inflacijo, pri čemer bi upošteval 2-odstotno stopnjo inflacije, ki je ciljna stopnja Evropske centralne banke (v nadaljnjem besedilu: ECB) za euroobmočje.
As previously indicated, the two types of agreement are indissociable and must be considered together when applying the MEO test.
Pristojbina za zemeljsko oskrbo ni regulirana, ampak je predmet dvostranskih pogajanj.
Accordingly, the findings of the comparative analysis provided by Ryanair cannot be accepted.
V različnih pogodbah o letaliških storitvah, sklenjenih z družbo Ryanair, so te pristojbine določene v obliki fiksnih zneskov na povratni let brez indeksacije, razen v primerih, ko ta pristojbina ni predvidena.
Moreover, Ryanair has not shown how the airports mentioned in the study are sufficiently comparable in terms of traffic volume and type of traffic, type and level of airport services, presence of a large city in the vicinity of the airport, number of inhabitants in the catchment area, prosperity in the surrounding area, and existence of other geographical areas likely to attract passengers.
Komisija je ta znesek zato uporabila v svoji analizi.
What is more, neither France nor any interested third party has proposed any comparison airports with evidence that they are sufficiently comparable to Nîmes airport in terms of these various criteria.
Da bi Komisija izračunala prihodek iz treh navedenih letaliških pristojbin, ki bi ga udeleženec v tržnem gospodarstvu pričakoval od posamezne pogodbe, je uporabila napovedi glede števila povratnih letov (za pristajalno pristojbino in pristojbino za zemeljsko oskrbo) in dodatnega prometa (za potniško pristojbino), kot je bilo določeno v vsaki posamezni pogodbi, ter jih pomnožila z zneski na enoto pristojbin, kot so bili določeni zgoraj.
Under these circumstances, the Commission considers that the approach generally recommended in the new Guidelines for applying the MEO test to relationships between airports and airlines, namely the ex ante incremental profitability analysis, must be applied to the present case.
Komisija je v zvezi s prihodki iz neletalskih dejavnosti, kar zadeva pogodbe, ki jih je sklenila družba VTAN, sprejela pristop Francije, pri katerem se uporabi znesek dodatnih prihodkov iz neletalskih dejavnosti, ki izhaja iz zgoraj navedene študije VTAN.
This approach is justified by the fact that an airport operator may have an objective interest in concluding a transaction with an airline where it may reasonably expect this transaction to improve its profits (or reduce its losses) compared with a counterfactual situation in which this transaction is not concluded, regardless of any comparison with the conditions offered to airlines by other airport operators, or even with the conditions offered by the same airport operator to other airlines.
Kot je bilo namreč pojasnjeno zgoraj, sta ta študija in poslovni načrt družbe VTAN, na podlagi katerega je bila narejena, sprejemljivi osnovi za podkrepitev analize ocenjene donosnosti.