natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
are required to intentionally fly outside of the limitations of the currently approved operational envelope, but within the investigated flight envelope;
Kategorija štiri (4)
Flight test training for Category 2 flight tests.
Leti, ki niso uvrščeni v kategorijo 1 ali 2, z zrakoplovom že certificiranega tipa, če se vključuje še ne odobrena projektivna sprememba.
Category Three (3)
D. Usposobljenost ter izkušnje pilotov in vodilnih inženirjev za testne lete
Flights performed for the issuance of statement of conformity for a new-built aircraft which do not require flying outside of the limitations of the type certificate or the aircraft flight manual.
Piloti in vodilni inženirji za testne lete so usposobljeni in imajo izkušnje iz naslednje tabele.
Category Four (4)
Zrakoplovi
Flights not classified as Category 1 or 2 on an aircraft of an already certified type, in case of an embodiment of a not yet approved design change.
CS-23 regionalni zrakoplovi ali zrakoplovi z izračunano največjo dovoljeno hitrostjo, ki se uporablja v strmem letu proti cilju na tleh (Md), več kot 0,6 macha ali ki lahko dosežejo višino nad 7260 m (25000 čevljev), CS-25, CS-27, CS-29 ali enakovredne plovnostne kode
D. Competence and experience of pilots and lead flight test engineers
stopnja usposobljenosti 1
Pilots and lead flight test engineers shall have the competences and experience specified in the following table.
stopnja usposobljenosti 2
Aircraft
stopnja usposobljenosti 3
CS-23 commuter or aircraft having a design diving speed (Md) above 0,6 or a maximum ceiling above 7260 m (25000 ft), CS-25, CS-27, CS-29 or equivalent airworthiness codes
stopnja usposobljenosti 4
Competence level 1
drugi zrakoplovi CS-23 z MTOM 2000 kg ali več
Competence level 2
stopnja usposobljenosti 1
Competence level 3
Piloti izpolnjujejo zahteve Priloge I (del FCL) k Uredbi Komisije (EU) št. 1178/2011 z dne 3. novembra 2011 [1].
Competence level 4
Vodilni inženir za testne lete je:
Other CS-23 with an MTOM of or above 2000 kg
zadovoljivo zaključil usposabljanje za stopnjo usposobljenosti 1 in
Competence level 1
opravil vsaj 100 ur letenja, vključno z usposabljanjem za testne lete.
Pilots shall comply with the requirements of Annex I (Part-FCL) to Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 [1].
Stopnja usposobljenosti 2
Lead flight test engineer shall have:
Piloti izpolnjujejo zahteve Priloge I (del FCL) k Uredbi Komisije (EU) št. 1178/2011 z dne 3. novembra 2011.
satisfactorily completed a Competence level 1 training course; and
Vodilni inženir za testne lete je:
a minimum of 100 hours of flight experience, including flight test training.
zadovoljivo zaključil usposabljanje za stopnjo usposobljenosti 1 ali 2 in
Competence level 2
opravil najmanj 50 ur letenja, vključno z usposabljanjem za testne lete.
Pilots shall comply with the requirements of Annex I (Part-FCL) to Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011.
Usposabljanje za stopnjo usposobljenosti 1 ali 2 za vodilnega inženirja za testne lete obsega najmanj naslednje predmete:
The lead flight test engineer shall have:
zmogljivosti;
satisfactorily completed a Competence level 1 or level 2 training course; and
stabilnost in nadzorovanje/značilnosti upravljanja,
a minimum of 50 hours of flight experience, including flight test training.
sisteme;
The competence level 1 or level 2 training courses for Lead flight test engineer shall cover at least the following subjects:
vodenje testa in
Performance;
obvladovanje tveganj/upravljanje varnosti.
Stability and control/handling qualities;
Stopnja usposobljenosti 3
Systems;
Piloti imajo veljavno licenco, ki ustreza kategoriji zrakoplova, ki se testira, in je izdana v skladu z delom FCL, kot tudi najmanj licenco poklicnega pilota.
Test management; and
Poleg tega ima vodja zrakoplova:
Risk/safety management.
rating za testne lete ali
Competence level 3
je opravil najmanj 1000 ur letenja kot vodja zrakoplova na zrakoplovih s podobno zahtevnostjo in značilnostmi ter
Pilot(s) shall hold a valid licence appropriate to the category of aircraft under test, issued in accordance with Part-FCL and hold a Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL) as a minimum.
je pri vsakem razredu ali tipu zrakoplova sodeloval pri vseh letih, ki so del programa, ki je privedel do izdaje posameznega spričevala o plovnosti za vsaj pet zrakoplovov.
In addition, the pilot-in-command shall:
Vodilni inženir za testne lete:
hold a flight test rating; or
izpolnjuje stopnjo usposobljenosti 1 ali 2 ali
have at least 1000 hours of flight experience as pilot-in-command on aircraft having similar complexity and characteristics; and
je pridobil veliko izkušenj z letenjem, ki so pomembne za njegove naloge, in
have participated, for each class or type of aircraft, in all flights that are part of the programme leading to the issuance of the individual certificate of airworthiness of at least five aircraft.
je sodeloval pri vseh letih, ki so del programa, ki je privedel do izdaje posameznega spričevala o plovnosti za vsaj pet zrakoplovov.
Lead flight test engineer shall:
Stopnja usposobljenosti 4:
satisfy Competence level 1 or level 2; or
Piloti imajo veljavno licenco, ki ustreza kategoriji zrakoplova, ki se testira, in je izdana v skladu z delom FCL, kot tudi najmanj licenco poklicnega pilota.
have gained a significant amount of flight experience relevant to the task; and
Vodja zrakoplova ima rating za testne lete ali je opravil vsaj 1000 ur letenja kot vodja zrakoplova s podobno zahtevnostjo in značilnostmi.
have participated in all flights that are part of the programme leading to the issuance of the individual certificate of airworthiness of at least five aircraft.
Usposobljenost in izkušnje za vodilne inženirje za testne lete, kakor je opredeljeno v priročniku za delovanje za testne lete.
Competence level 4
Vodilni inženirji za testne lete
Pilot(s) shall hold a valid licence appropriate to the category of aircraft under test, issued in accordance with Part-FCL and hold a CPL as a minimum.
Vodilni inženirji za testne lete pridobijo dovoljenje pri organizaciji, ki jih zaposluje, s podrobnimi podatki o obsegu njihovih funkcij znotraj organizacije.
The pilot-in-command shall hold a flight test rating or have at least 1000 hours as pilot-in-command on aircraft having similar complexity and characteristics.
Dovoljenje vsebuje naslednje podatke:
Competence and experience for lead flight test engineers is defined in the flight test operations manual.
ime;
Lead flight test engineers
datum rojstva;
Lead flight test engineers shall receive an authorisation from the organisation that employs them detailing the scope of their functions within the organisation.
izkušnje in usposabljanje;
The authorisation shall contain the following information:
položaj v organizaciji;
name;
namen dovoljenja;
date of birth;
datum prve izdaje dovoljenja;
experience and training;
datum poteka dovoljenja, če je podan, in
position in organisation;
identifikacijsko številka dovoljenja.
scope of the authorisation;
Vodilni inženirji za testne lete so imenovani le za določen let, če so telesno in duševno sposobni varno opravljati dodeljene naloge in izpolnjevati odgovornosti.
date of first issue of the authorisation;
Organizacija da vso zadevno evidenco v zvezi z dovoljenji na voljo njihovim imetnikom.
date of expiry of the authorisation, if appropriate; and
E. Usposobljenost in izkušnje drugih inženirjev za testne lete.
identification number of the authorisation.
Drugi inženirji za testne lete na krovu zrakoplova imajo izkušnje in usposabljanje, ki so sorazmerni z nalogami, ki so jim dodeljene kot članom posadke, in v skladu s priročnikom za delovanje za testne lete, kadar je to primerno.
Lead flight test engineers shall only be appointed for a specific flight if they are physically and mentally fit to safely discharge assigned duties and responsibilities.
Organizacija da vso zadevno evidenco v zvezi z dejavnostmi, povezanimi z leti, na voljo ustreznemu inženirju za testne lete.“
The organisation shall make all relevant records related to authorisations available to their holders.
Uredba Komisije (EU) št. 1178/2011 z dne 3. novembra 2011 o tehničnih zahtevah in upravnih postopkih za letalsko osebje v civilnem letalstvu v skladu z Uredbo (ES) št. 216/2008 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta (UL L 311, 25.11.2011, str. 1).
E. Competence and experience of other flight test engineers
Države članice, ki so 21. julija 2015 izdale nacionalne licence za člane posadke za testne lete, razen za pilote, lahko te še naprej izdajajo v skladu z nacionalno zakonodajo do 31. decembra 2017.
Other flight test engineers on board the aircraft shall have an amount of experience and training commensurate with the tasks assigned to them as crew members, and in accordance with the flight test operations manual, when applicable.
Imetniki teh licenc lahko še naprej izvajajo svoje privilegije do navedenega datuma.
The organisation shall make all relevant records related to their flight activities available to the relevant flight test engineer.’
Pristojni organi lahko do 31. decembra 2015 še naprej izdajajo obrazce EASA 15a – potrdila o pregledu plovnosti, kot je navedeno v Dodatku II k Prilogi I k Uredbi (EU) št. 748/2012, veljavni pred 21. julijem 2015.
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down technical requirements and administrative procedures related to civil aviation aircrew pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 311, 25.11.2011, p. 1).
Certifikati, izdani pred 1. januarjem 2016, ostanejo veljavni, dokler niso spremenjeni, začasno odvzeti ali preklicani.
Member States that at 21 July 2015 issued national licences for flight test crew members other than pilots may continue to do so in accordance with their national law until 31 December 2017.
Registracija zrakoplova:
The holders of those licences may continue to exercise their privileges until that date.
Serijska številka zrakoplova:
amending Annexes II, III and V to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards maximum residue levels for azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, fluroxypyr, methoxyfenozide, metrafenone, oxadiargyl and tribenuron in or on certain products
o spremembi prilog II, III in V k Uredbi Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta (ES) št. 396/2005 glede mejnih vrednosti ostankov za azoksistrobin, dimoksistrobin, fluroksipir, metoksifenozid, metrafenon, oksadiargil in tribenuron v ali na nekaterih proizvodih
For dimoxystrobin and metrafenone, maximum residue levels (MRLs) were set in Part A of Annex III to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005.
Mejne vrednosti ostankov (v nadaljnjem besedilu: MRL) za dimoksistrobin in metrafenon so bile določene v delu A Priloge III k Uredbi (ES) št. 396/2005.
For azoxystrobin, fluroxypyr, methoxyfenozide, oxadiargyl and tribenuron maximum residue levels (MRLs) were set in Annex II and Part B of Annex III to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005.
Mejne vrednosti ostankov za azoksistrobin, fluroksipir, metoksifenozid, oksadiargil in tribenuron so bile določene v Prilogi II in delu B Priloge III k Uredbi (ES) št. 396/2005.
For azoxystrobin, the European Food Safety Authority, hereinafter ‘the Authority’, submitted a reasoned opinion on the existing MRLs in accordance with Article 12(2) of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 in conjunction with Article 12(1) thereof [2].
Za azoksistrobin je Evropska agencija za varnost hrane (v nadaljnjem besedilu: Agencija) predložila obrazloženo mnenje glede obstoječih MRL v skladu s členom 12(2) Uredbe (ES) št. 396/2005 v povezavi s členom 12(1) Uredbe [2].
It recommended lowering the MRLs for almonds, brazil nuts, cashew nuts, chestnuts, coconuts, hazelnuts, macadamia, pecans, pine nuts, walnuts, asparagus, maize grains, coffee beans, herbal infusions (dried, roots), sugar beet (root) and chicory roots.
Priporočila je znižanje MRL za mandeljne, brazilske oreške, indijske orehe, kostanj, kokosove orehe, lešnike, makadamijo, pekane, pinjole, orehe, šparglje, koruzno zrnje, kavna zrna, zeliščne čaje (sušene, liste), sladkorno peso (koren) in koren cikorije.
It concluded that concerning the MRLs for lamb's lettuce, scarole (broad-leaf endive), cress, rocket, rucola, red mustard, leaves and sprouts of Brassica spp, swine (muscle, fat, liver, kidney), bovine (muscle, fat, liver, kidney), sheep (muscle, fat, liver, kidney), goat (muscle, fat, liver, kidney), poultry (muscle, fat, liver), milk (cattle, sheep, goat) and birds'eggs some information was not available and that further consideration by risk managers was required.
Ugotovila je, da v zvezi z MRL za motovilec, endivijo (eskarijolko), krešo, rukvico, rukolo, ogrščico, liste in poganjke Brassica spp., prašiče (mišičevje, maščevje, jetra, ledvice), govedo (mišičevje, maščevje, jetra, ledvice), ovce (mišičevje, maščevje, jetra, ledvice), koze (mišičevje, maščevje, jetra, ledvice), perutnino (mišičevje, maščevje, jetra), mleko (kravje, ovčje, kozje) in ptičja jajca nekatere informacije niso na voljo in da je potreben nadaljnji premislek odgovornih za obvladovanje tveganja.
As regards azoxystrobin in barley, coffee beans, oats, potatoes and sorghum, the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) [3] adopted Codex MRLs (CXLs).
Za azoksistrobin v ječmenu, kavnih zrnih, ovsu, krompirju in sirku je Komisija za Codex Alimentarius (v nadaljnjem besedilu: CAC) [3] sprejela MRL iz Codexa (v nadaljnjem besedilu: CXL).
As these CXLs are supported by an updated assessment of the Authority, it is appropriate to take them into account, with the exception of those CXLs which are not safe for consumers in the Union and for which the Union presented a reservation to the CAC [4].
Ker so te CXL podprte s posodobljeno oceno Agencije, jih je primerno upoštevati, z izjemo tistih vrednosti CXL, ki niso varne za potrošnike v Uniji in za katere je Unija Komisiji CAC sporočila svoj pridržek [4].
For dimoxystrobin, the Authority submitted a reasoned opinion on the existing MRLs in accordance with Article 12(2) of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 in conjunction with Article 12(1) thereof [5].
Za dimoksistrobin je Agencija predložila obrazloženo mnenje glede obstoječih MRL v skladu s členom 12(2) Uredbe (ES) št. 396/2005 v povezavi s členom 12(1) Uredbe [5].
It proposed to change the residue definition and recommended lowering the MRLs for wheat grain.
Predlagala je spremembo opredelitve ostanka in priporočila znižanje MRL za pšenično zrnje.
It concluded that concerning the MRLs for bovine (muscle, fat, liver, kidney), sheep (muscle, fat, liver, kidney), goat (muscle, fat, liver, kidney) and milk (cattle, sheep, goat) some information was not available and that further consideration by risk managers was required.
Ugotovila je tudi, da v zvezi z MRL za govedo (mišičevje, maščevje, jetra, ledvice), ovce (mišičevje, maščevje, jetra, ledvice), koze (mišičevje, maščevje, jetra, ledvice) in mleko (kravje, ovčje, kozje) nekatere informacije niso na voljo in da je potreben nadaljnji premislek odgovornih za obvladovanje tveganja.
For fluroxypyr, the Authority submitted a reasoned opinion on the existing MRLs in accordance with Article 12(2) of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 in conjunction with Article 12(1) thereof [6].
Za fluroksipir je Agencija predložila obrazloženo mnenje glede obstoječih MRL v skladu s členom 12(2) Uredbe (ES) št. 396/2005 v povezavi s členom 12(1) Uredbe [6].
It concluded that concerning the MRLs for apples, garlic, onions, shallots, thyme, leek, barley grain, maize grain, oats grain, rye grain, sorghum grain, wheat grain, herbal infusions (flowers), sugar cane, swine (muscle, fat, liver, kidney), bovine (muscle, fat, liver, kidney), sheep (muscle, fat, liver, kidney), goat (muscle, fat, liver, kidney) and milk (cattle, sheep, goat) some information was not available and that further consideration by risk managers was required.
Ugotovila je, da v zvezi z MRL za jabolka, česen, čebulo, šalotko, materino dušico, por, ječmenovo, koruzno, ovseno, rženo, sirkovo in pšenično zrnje, zelišče čaje (cvetove), sladkorni trs, prašiče (mišičevje, maščevje, jetra, ledvice), govedo (mišičevje, maščevje, jetra, ledvice), ovce (mišičevje, maščevje, jetra, ledvice), koze (mišičevje, maščevje, jetra, ledvice) in mleko (kravje, ovčje, kozje) nekatere informacije niso na voljo in da je potreben nadaljnji premislek odgovornih za obvladovanje tveganja.
The Authority concluded that concerning the MRLs for citrus fruits, table olives and olives for oil production no information was available and concerning the MRLs for pears, quinces, medlar, loquat and spring onions the information available was insufficient to derive a tentative MRL and further consideration by risk managers was required.
Agencija je ugotovila, da v zvezi z MRL za citruse, namizne oljke in oljke za proizvodnjo olja ni na voljo nobenih informacij ter da v zvezi z MRL za hruške, kutine, nešplje, japonske nešplje in spomladansko čebulo razpoložljive informacije niso zadostovale za določitev začasne MRL in da je potreben nadaljnji premislek odgovornih za obvladovanje tveganja.
The MRLs for these products should be set at the specific limit of determination.
MRL za te proizvode bi bilo treba določiti v višini specifične meje določanja.
For methoxyfenozide, the Authority submitted a reasoned opinion on the existing MRLs in accordance with Article 12(2) of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 in conjunction with Article 12(1) thereof [7].
Za metoksifenozid je Agencija predložila obrazloženo mnenje glede obstoječih MRL v skladu s členom 12(2) Uredbe (ES) št. 396/2005 v povezavi s členom 12(1) Uredbe [7].
It recommended lowering the MRLs for beans (dry) and peanuts.
Priporočila je znižanje MRL za fižol (sušen) in zemeljske oreške.
It concluded that concerning the MRLs for aubergines, swine (muscle, fat, liver, kidney), bovine (muscle, fat, liver, kidney), sheep (muscle, fat, liver, kidney), goat (muscle, fat, liver, kidney), poultry (muscle, fat, liver), milk (cattle, sheep, goat) and birds'eggs some information was not available and that further consideration by risk managers was required.
Ugotovila je, da v zvezi z MRL za jajčevce, prašiče (mišičevje, maščevje, jetra, ledvice), govedo (mišičevje, maščevje, jetra, ledvice), ovce (mišičevje, maščevje, jetra, ledvice), koze (mišičevje, maščevje, jetra, ledvice), perutnino (mišičevje, maščevje, jetra), mleko (kravje, ovčje, kozje) in ptičja jajca nekatere informacije niso na voljo in da je potreben nadaljnji premislek odgovornih za obvladovanje tveganja.
The Authority concluded that concerning the MRLs for oranges, mandarins and maize grain no information was available and that further consideration by risk managers was required.
Agencija je ugotovila, da v zvezi z MRL za pomaranče, mandarine in koruzno zrnje ni na voljo nobenih informacij in da je potreben nadaljnji premislek odgovornih za obvladovanje tveganja.
The MRL for maize grain should be set at the specific limit of determination.
MRL za koruzno zrnje bi bilo treba določiti v višini specifične meje določanja.
As regards oranges and mandarins, CXLs were adopted after the Authority submitted its opinion [8].
Za pomaranče in mandarine so bile po predložitvi mnenja Agencije [8] sprejete CXL.
The MRLs set out for those products in Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, as it stands, reflect those CXLs.
MRL za navedene proizvode iz Uredbe (ES) št. 396/2005 v sedanji obliki odražajo navedene CXL.
The MRLs for oranges and mandarins should therefore not be modified.
MRL za pomaranče in mandarine zato ne bi smeli spremeniti.
For metrafenone, the Authority submitted a reasoned opinion on the existing MRLs in accordance with Article 12(2) of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 in conjunction with Article 12(1) thereof [9].
Za metrafenon je Agencija predložila obrazloženo mnenje glede obstoječih MRL v skladu s členom 12(2) Uredbe (ES) št. 396/2005 v povezavi s členom 12(1) Uredbe [9].
It proposed to change the residue definition and recommended lowering the MRLs for wheat grain and rye grain.
Predlagala je spremembo opredelitve ostanka in priporočila znižanje MRL za pšenično in rženo zrnje.
It concluded that concerning the MRLs for aubergines, some information was not available and that further consideration by risk managers was required.
Ugotovila je, da v zvezi z MRL za jajčevce nekatere informacije niso na voljo in da je potreben nadaljnji premislek odgovornih za obvladovanje tveganja.
As regards aubergine, the Authority submitted an earlier opinion concerning this MRL [10].
Kar zadeva jajčevce, je Agencija predložila prejšnje mnenje glede te MRL [10].
It is now considered appropriate to take the proportionality approach used in that opinion into account.
Zdaj se zdi primerno upoštevati pristop sorazmernosti iz navedenega mnenja.
The Authority concluded that concerning the MRLs for bovine (muscle, fat, liver, kidney), sheep (muscle, fat, liver, kidney), goat (muscle, fat, liver, kidney) and milk (cattle, sheep, goat) no information was available and that further consideration by risk managers was required.
Agencija je ugotovila, da v zvezi z MRL za govedo (mišičevje, maščevje, jetra, ledvice), ovce (mišičevje, maščevje, jetra, ledvice), koze (mišičevje, maščevje, jetra, ledvice) in mleko (kravje, ovčje, kozje) ni na voljo nobenih informacij in da je potreben nadaljnji premislek odgovornih za obvladovanje tveganja.
All existing authorisations for plant protection products containing the active substance oxadiargyl have been revoked and grace periods end on 30 September 2015 at the latest.
Za tribenuron je Agencija predložila obrazloženo mnenje glede obstoječih MRL v skladu s členom 12(2) Uredbe (ES) št. 396/2005 v povezavi s členom 12(1) Uredbe [12].
This should not apply to those MRLs corresponding to CXLs based on uses in third countries provided that they are acceptable with regard to consumer safety.
Kar zadeva proizvode, na katerih uporaba zadevnega fitofarmacevtskega sredstva ni dovoljena in za katere ne obstajajo nobene uvozne tolerance ali CXL, bi bilo treba določiti MRL v višini specifične meje določanja ali uporabljati privzete MRL, kot je določeno v členu 18(1)(b) Uredbe (ES) št. 396/2005.
Nor should it apply in cases where MRLs have been specifically set as import tolerances.
Komisija se je glede potrebe po prilagoditvi nekaterih mej določanja posvetovala z referenčnimi laboratoriji Evropske unije za ostanke pesticidov.
For tribenuron, the Authority submitted a reasoned opinion on the existing MRLs in accordance with Article 12(2) of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 in conjunction with Article 12(1) thereof [12].
Pri številnih snoveh so navedeni laboratoriji ugotovili, da je zaradi tehničnega razvoja za nekatere proizvode treba določiti specifične meje določanja.
It recommended keeping the existing MRLs.
Iz obrazloženih mnenj Agencije in ob upoštevanju dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na odločitev, je razvidno, da ustrezne spremembe MRL izpolnjujejo zahteve iz člena 14(2) Uredbe (ES) št. 396/2005.
As regards products on which the use of the plant protection product concerned is not authorised, and for which no import tolerances or CXLs exist, MRLs should be set at the specific limit of determination or the default MRL should apply, as provided for in Article 18(1)(b) of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005.
Upoštevane so bile pripombe, ki so jih glede novih MRL v okviru posvetovanj v Svetovni trgovinski organizaciji izrazili trgovinski partnerji Unije.
The Commission consulted the European Union reference laboratories for residues of pesticides as regards the need to adapt certain limits of determination.
Uredbo (ES) št. 396/2005 bi bilo zato treba ustrezno spremeniti.
As regards several substances, those laboratories concluded that for certain commodities technical development requires the setting of specific limits of determination.
Da bi se omogočilo normalno trgovanje s proizvodi ter njihova predelava in uživanje, bi bilo treba v tej uredbi določiti prehodno ureditev za proizvode, ki so bili proizvedeni pred spremembo MRL in za katere je iz informacij razvidno, da je ohranjena visoka raven varstva potrošnikov.