natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Government has taken several important initiatives to discourage excessive mining to satisfy growing export market.
Dejansko so bili člani delovne skupine med drugim vlada in predstavniki industrije [40], zato je razumno sklepati, da so dobro obveščeni o obstoječih politikah vlade in položaju industrije.
These have so far included imposition of fiscal measures such as export duty, increasing railway freight for exports, etc.’ (points 4.2.5.2 and 4.2.5.4 on page 57);
V zvezi z drugim argumentom ni Komisija nikoli trdila, da je bil ta petletni načrt omejen na cilje in priporočila politike, ki jih je navedla v zvezi z železovo rudo.
‘Long-term policy measures for curbing iron ore exports should aim at attracting investment in steel-making capacity so that value addition and export of finished products are promoted.
Priporočila, na katere se sklicuje proizvajalec izvoznik, so povezana z domnevnim nezakonitim rudarjenjem in okoljskimi kršitvami, ki so ob izdaji poročila predstavljali pomembno težavo.
In the short and more immediate time frame the same may be achieved by taking recourse to appropriate fiscal measures.
Ta težava je bila obravnavana v številnih sodnih odločbah o zaprtju rudnikov, na primer v zveznih državah Karnataka, Odiša in Goa.
At present export of iron ore from the country is discouraged through: (i) imposition of an export duty of 20 % ad-valorem on iron ore; and (ii) charging of significantly higher railway freight on iron ore meant for export.
Zato je Komisija zavrnila te trditve.
These measures have contributed to reduction in iron ore prices in the domestic market as compared to the international market and played a vital role in making available iron ore to domestic industries at competitive prices.
Družba ECL je tudi navedla, da je bila indijska komisija za načrtovanje, ki je obstajala od leta 1950 in je pripravila petletne načrte, razpuščena 1. januarja 2015 ter da ne bo več petletnih načrtov.
To effectively discourage export of iron ore from the country, it is recommended that appropriate fiscal measures should be designed and calibrated on a continuous basis in line with the exigencies of the ore market — both domestic and international’ (point 4.2.6.5 on page 60). (emphasis added).
Glede na navedeno spletno stran [41] se zdi, da je bila komisija za načrtovanje dejansko razpuščena [42].
The 12th five-year plan [39] (2012-2017) confirms the policy statements of the report of the Working Group on Steel Industry:
Vendar morebitni iztek petletnega načrta po letu 2017 ne vpliva na ugotovitev, da se bo načrt do takrat še vedno uporabljal.
‘Some natural resources like good-quality coal and iron ore are becoming short in supply in the global economy with growing demand from developing economies especially China and now India.
Na koncu je družba ECL citirala še en del poročila delovne skupine za jeklarsko industrijo, v katerem je bilo navedeno, da „vlada ne posreduje“ pri cenah železove rude in da cene „določajo […] tržne sile“; poleg tega se „domače cene železove rude na splošno gibljejo skupaj z mednarodnimi cenami“ [43].
Domestic availability of some of these raw materials provides us a competitive advantage which we should leverage to build domestic industries that add value to these resources, thus creating additional jobs and improving our trade balance.
Ciljne omejitve izvoza ne odstranijo tržnih sil na indijskem domačem trgu v celoti, ampak imajo velik vpliv, kar zadeva zmanjšanje izvoza in prepričevanje subjektov na trgu, da prodajajo svoje blago po nižji ceni, kot bi jo dosegli v odsotnosti te politike.
Going further up the value change Government policies and duty structure should be designed in a way to incentivise value addition of steel rather than exporting steel in raw material form.’ (page 67, paragraph 13.72) (emphasis added).
Ta ugotovitev ne nasprotuje trditvi iz poročila, da so se domače cene železove rude na splošno gibale skupaj z mednarodnimi cenami.
After disclosure, ECL challenged the Commission's referral to the documents above.
Dejansko indijski izvoz in uvoz nista bila prepovedana v celoti.
First, it argued that the Report of the Working Group on Steel Industry had no legal value as it was just an opinion or assessment of some individuals and it was not Government endorsed document.
Zato se ni mogoče izogniti določenemu vplivu mednarodnih cen na indijske domače cene.
Second, it stated that the 12th five-year plan was incorrectly quoted as it contained, for example, a recommendation that ‘large scale exports of iron ore have raised serious concerns about the future availability. […] there is an urgent need to address the problems of degradation of the environment, displaced population, transportation bottleneck and so on.’
Vendar to ne pomeni, da so domače cene na isti ali višji ravni kot mednarodne cene.
On the first argument, the Commission is of the view that, although the Report of the Working Group on Steel Industry is not issued by the Government, it describes the status of the Indian iron ore industry and the Government policy applied to it.
Zato je bila ta trditev zavrnjena.
Indeed, the working group was composed of, among others, government and industry representatives [40] and it is reasonable to consider that they are well-informed about the existing government policies and the situation of the industry.
Indijska vlada z uvedbo takih ciljnih omejitev izvoza (zlasti z izvoznimi dajatvami in politiko dvojne prevoznine) postavlja indijske družbe za pridobivanje železove rude v ekonomsko nerazumen položaj, ki jih sili v prodajo blaga po nižji ceni, kot bi jo lahko dosegle brez te politike.
Concerning the second argument, the Commission had never claimed that this five year plan was limited to the policy objectives and recommendations it quoted concerning iron ore.
Indijska vlada je prevzela „dejavnejšo vlogo od zgolj spodbujanja“, kot je zahteval pritožbeni organ [44].
The recommendations the exporting producer is referring to are related to allegations of illegal mining and environmental violations which were an important problem at the time when the report was issued.
Ukrepi, ki jih je sprejela indijska vlada, omejujejo svobodo delovanja družb za pridobivanje železove rude, saj v praksi omejujejo njihovo poslovno odločanje glede tega, kje naj prodajajo svoje izdelke in po kakšni ceni.
This was addressed by the numerous court decisions to close mines for instance in the states of Karnataka, Odisha and Goa.
Družbe ne morejo maksimirati prihodka, saj so zadevni ukrepi močno zmanjšali njihove prilive.
The fact that the policy pursues an additional environmental objective does not nullify the primary economic objective.
Tudi izjava o politiki v Dangovem poročilu iz leta 2005, da „je treba zagotovljen dostop do domače ponudbe železove rude po nižjih cenah v primerjavi s cenami na svetovnem trgu ohraniti, spodbujati in v celoti izkoristiti“ (glej uvodno izjavo 145), poznejša ugotovitev v dvanajstem petletnem načrtu, da „[nam] [d]omača razpoložljivost nekaterih od teh surovin […] zagotavlja konkurenčno prednost“ [45], kažeta, da indijska vlada pričakuje, da družbe za pridobivanje železove rude ne bodo drastično zmanjšale domače proizvodnje, ampak bodo ohranjale stabilno zalogo domače železove rude.
Rather, it is perfectly acceptable that a government policy pursues two objectives at the same time.
Ta pričakovanja so bila izpolnjena, kot je indijska vlada sama navedla v poročilu za dvanajsti petletni načrt, navedenem v četrti alinei uvodne izjave 158, in kot izhaja iz izjav ministrstva za jeklarstvo, navedenih v uvodnih izjavah 174 do 176.
Consequently, the Commission rejected these claims.
Poleg tega razpoložljivi podatki ne podpirajo domneve, da je indijska vlada dovolila proizvajalcem železove rude, da prosto prilagodijo svojo proizvodnjo povpraševanju, na katero so vplivale ciljne omejitve izvoza indijske vlade.
ECL also submitted that the Planning Commission of India existing since 1950 which formulated the five-year plans was dissolved on 1 January 2015 and that there will no longer be five-year plans.
Ravno nasprotno, dobro je znano, da je glede na to, da družbe za pridobivanje železove rude delujejo v svobodnem tržnem sistemu, razumno predvidevati, da te družbe ne bi onemogočile znatnih začetnih naložb in visokih stalnih stroškov z zmanjšanjem proizvodnje zgolj zato, da bi se izognile prevelikim zalogam in posledičnemu pritisku na znižanje domačih cen v skladu z ukrepi indijske vlade.
From the provided website [41] it appears that the Planning Commission has been indeed dissolved [42].
Indijska vlada torej spodbuja proizvajalce železove rude, da ohranijo proizvodnjo za oskrbovanje domačega trga, četudi bi razumni dobavitelj v primeru odvračanja od izvoza prilagodil svojo proizvodnjo.
However, a possible expiration of the Five Year Plan after 2017 does not affect the finding that the plan will remain in place until then.
Zato indijska vlada z navedenimi ukrepi spodbuja družbe za pridobivanje železove rude, da zadržijo železovo rudo v Indiji, ker ne morejo prodajati po višjih cenah, ki bi v Indiji brez teh ukrepov prevladale.
Finally, ECL quoted another part of the Report of the Working Group on Steel Industry where it was stated that iron ore prices are ‘free from government intervention’ and ‘are determined by […] market forces’; in addition, ‘domestic iron ore prices have generally moved in tandem with the international prices.’ [43]
V tem smislu vlada proizvajalcem surovin „zaupa“, da dobavljajo blago domačim uporabnikom železove rude, tj. proizvajalcem jekla, vključno s proizvajalci cevi iz nodularnega litega železa, za plačilo, ki je nižje od primernega.
The targeted export restraints do not eliminate the market forces altogether on the Indian domestic market but have serious effects with regards to reducing exports and inducing market operators to sell their goods for a lower price than they could obtain in the absence of this policy.
Družbe za pridobivanje železove rude so odgovorne za ustvarjanje umetnega, razdrobljenega, nizkocenovnega domačega trga v Indiji.
This finding does not contradict the assertion made by the report that domestic iron ore prices have generally moved with the international prices.
Drugače rečeno, indijska vlada pri uporabi ciljnih omejitev izvoza ve, kako se bodo proizvajalci železove rude odzvali na ukrepe in kakšne bodo posledice teh ukrepov.
Indeed, exports and imports of India have not been banned altogether.
Čeprav lahko ti proizvajalci nekoliko zmanjšajo domačo proizvodnjo kot odziv na omejitev izvoza, je ne bi ustavili ali prilagodili na zelo majhen obseg.
Therefore, it is inevitable that international prices have some impact on Indian domestic prices.
Kot je pojasnjeno v uvodni izjavi 169, bo namesto tega rudarski sektor še naprej malo prilagajal svojo proizvodnjo, posledica česar bodo nižje domače cene.
This, however, does not mean that domestic prices are at the same or higher level than international prices.
V tem smislu se učinki določijo predhodno, ne naknadno, in zato niso „nenamerni“.
Consequently, this claim was rejected.
Obstaja jasna „dokazljiva povezava“ med politiko ter ravnanjem vključenih zasebnih organov, ki delujejo kot posredniki vlade in izvajajo njeno politiko zagotavljanja železove rude industriji cevi iz nodularnega litega železa za plačilo, ki je nižje od primernega.
By imposing such targeted export restraints (in particular through export taxes and the dual freight policy), the GoI puts Indian iron ore mining companies into an economically irrational situation, which induces them into selling their goods for a lower price than they could obtain in the absence of this policy.
Indijska vlada sama priznava uspeh svoje politike ciljnih omejitev izvoza.
The GoI took a ‘more active role than mere acts of encouragement’, as required by the Appellate Body [44].
Leta 2013 je stalni odbor za premog in jeklo v okviru ministrstva za jeklarstvo objavil 38. poročilo o „pregledu politike izvoza železove rude“ [46].
The measures taken by the GoI restrict the freedom of action of the iron ore mining companies by limiting in practice their business decision as to where to sell their product and at what price.
Ministrstvo za jeklarstvo je v odgovor na vprašanje odbora sporočilo, da „čeprav je od let 2004 – 2005 opazno povečanje domače potrošnje železove rude v domači industriji, je proizvodnja železove rude že od nekdaj veliko večja od domače potrošnje, ker proizvodnjo železove rude v državi usmerja izvoz“.
They are prevented from maximising their income as their proceeds are harshly reduced by those measures.
Vendar so bili za izboljšanje razpoložljivosti železove rude za domačo železarsko in jeklarsko industrijo ter za ohranitev železove rude za prihodnje dolgoročne domače potrebe sprejeti fiskalni ukrepi za odvračanje od izvoza železove rude, poleg tega pa se zaračunava izvozna dajatev po stopnji 30 % ad valorem na vse vrste železove rude (razen peletov), zaradi česar se je izvoz v letu 2011 – 2012 in tekočem letu močno zmanjšal (točka 2.7 na strani 14).
The policy statement in the Dang report of 2005 that ‘assured access to indigenous iron ore supplies at a discount to world prices must be preserved, nurtured and fully leveraged’ (see recital 145 above) and the subsequent finding in the 12th five-year plan that ‘Domestic availability of some of these raw materials provides us a competitive advantage’ [45] also show that the GoI expects the iron ore mining companies not to dramatically reduce domestic output but to maintain a stable supply of domestic iron ore.
Ministrstvo za jeklarstvo je predložilo glavne poudarke zunanjetrgovinske politike v zvezi z izvozom železove rude (točka 4.13 na strani 23), vključno z naslednjima:
These expectations were fulfilled as the GoI itself observed in the report for the 12th five-year plan cited in the fourth indent in recital 158 as well as in the statements made by the Ministry of Steel referred to in recitals 174 to 176 below.
izvoz železove rude z več kot 64-odstotno vsebnostjo železa poteka prek družbe za trgovanje s kovinami in minerali ter je dovoljen na podlagi dovoljenj, ki jih izda generalni direktorat za zunanjo trgovino (DGFT);
Further, nothing on the record supports the proposition that the GoI permitted iron ore producers to freely adapt their output to the demand as affected by the GoI's targeted export restraints.
železova ruda z visoko vsebnostjo železa (več kot 64-odstotno) iz Bailadile v indijski zvezni državi Čatisgarh se lahko izvaža z omejitvami glede količine, uvedenimi zlasti z namenom prednostne zadovoljitve domačega povpraševanja.
On the contrary, it is well-known that operating in a free market system it is reasonable to assume that iron ore mining companies would not frustrate significant initial investments and high fixed costs by lowering the production output just in order to avoid oversupply and subsequent downward pressure on domestic prices pursuant to the GoI's measures.
Izvozne količine letno ne smejo preseči 1,81 milijona ton za rudo v kosih in 2,71 milijona ton za drobnozrnato rudo.
Thus, iron ore producers are encouraged by the GoI to maintain production to supply the domestic market even if a rational supplier would adapt its output in a situation where exports have been dis-incentivised.
Ministrstvo za jeklarstvo je tudi poročalo odboru, da „[se je] [z] zvišanjem izvozne dajatve na 20 % ad valorem z začetkom veljavnosti 1. marca 2011 […] izvoz železove rude v letu 2011 – 2012 zmanjšal za približno 37 % na 61,74 milijona ton v primerjavi s 97,66 milijona ton v letu 2010 – 2011.
Therefore, through those measures the GoI induces the iron ore mining companies to keep the iron ore in India because they cannot sell at better prices which would prevail in India absent these measures.
Z dodatnim zvišanjem izvozne dajatve na železovo rudo na 30 % ad valorem od 30. decembra 2011 se je izvoz še dodatno zmanjšal.
In this sense, the input producers are ‘entrusted’ by the government to provide goods to the domestic users of iron ore, i.e. steel manufacturers, including the ductile pipes producers for less than adequate remuneration.
V prvi polovici leta 2012 – 2013 se je izvoz zmanjšal za več kot 50 % na 14,4 milijona ton v primerjavi s 30,75 milijona ton v enakem obdobju leta pred tem.
The iron ore mining companies are given the responsibility to create an artificial, compartmentalised, low-priced domestic market in India.
Ministrstvo za jeklarstvo redno razpravlja o zadevi z ministrstvom za finance, da bi uvedlo ustrezno izvozno dajatev na železovo rudo za učinkovito odvračanje od izvoza in izboljšanje razpoložljivosti železove rude za domačo železarsko in jeklarsko industrijo po dostopni ceni“ (točka 4.19 na strani 26).
In other words, when applying the target export restraints, the GoI knows how the iron ore producers will respond to the measures and what consequences will result from them.
Komisija je torej ugotovila, da je vlada zaupala rudarskim družbam izvajanje njene politike za oblikovanje razdrobljenega domačega trga ter zagotavljanje železove rude domači železarski in jeklarski industriji za plačilo, ki je nižje od primernega.
While these producers may lower their domestic production a bit to respond to the export restraint, they would not shut it down or adapt it to a very low level.
Pooblastitev zasebnih organov v smislu člena 3(1)(a)(iv) osnovne uredbe
Rather, as explained in recital 169 in the mining sector the adaptation of their production will remain moderate, which results in lower domestic prices.
Nato je Komisija preučila, ali je indijska vlada indijskim družbam za pridobivanje železove rude zaupala v smislu člena 3(1)(a)(iv) osnovne uredbe.
In this regard, the effects are established on an ex ante, not ex post basis and are therefore not ‘inadvertent’.
Oba indijska proizvajalca izvoznika sta veliko večino železove rude nabavila pri zasebnih podjetjih, le majhno količino pa sta nabavila pri nacionalnem podjetju za razvoj mineralov (NMDC), ki je eden od glavnih akterjev na trgu in je v lasti indijske vlade.
There is a clear ‘demonstrable link’ between the policy and the conduct of private bodies involved, which are acting as a proxy for the Government to carry out its policy of providing iron ore for less than adequate remuneration to the ductile pipes industry.
Komisija je brez poseganja v vprašanje, ali indijska vlada izvaja smiseln nadzor nad NMDC v smislu člena 2(b) osnovne uredbe, ki ni pomembno za namen te preiskave, menila, da so vse družbe za pridobivanje železove rude, ne glede na to, ali so v javni lasti ali ne, zasebni organi, ki jim je indijska vlada zaupala v smislu člena 3(1)(a)(iv) osnovne uredbe, da zagotavljajo železovo rudo za plačilo, ki je nižje od primernega.
The GoI itself acknowledges the success of its targeted export restraints policy.
Zagotavljanje železove rude s strani družb za pridobivanje železove rude za plačilo, ki je nižje od primernega
In 2013 the standing committee on Coal and Steel within the Ministry of Steel issued its thirty-eight report on ‘review of export or iron ore policy’ [46].
V naslednjem koraku je Komisija preverila, ali so družbe za pridobivanje železove rude dejansko izvajale navedeno vladno politiko glede zagotavljanja železove rude za plačilo, ki je nižje od primernega.
In reply to a question from the committee, the Ministry of Steel informed that ‘although domestic consumption of iron ore by the domestic industries have shown an increasing trend since 2004-2005, the production of iron ore has always been much higher than the domestic consumption, due to export-led production of iron ore in the country.
To je zahtevalo podrobno analizo razvoja trga v Indiji glede na ustrezno referenčno vrednost.
However, to improve availability of iron ore for the domestic iron and steel industry and to conserve iron ore for future long term domestic requirement, fiscal measures have been taken to discourage export of iron ore and presently, export duty at the rate of 30 % ad valorem is levied on all varieties of iron ore (except pellets), which has resulted in significant decrease in exports during 2011-2012 and the current year’ (point 2.7 on page 14).
Indijska vlada je s ciljnimi omejitvami izvoza in drugimi povezanimi ukrepi silila rudarske družbe, da prodajajo lokalno po nižjih cenah, kot bi sicer (tj. brez zadevnih ukrepov bi rudarske družbe izvažale železovo rudo po višjih cenah).
The Ministry of Steel submitted highlights of Foreign Trade Policy regarding export of iron ore (point 4.13 on page 23), including:
Vendar rudarske družbe tega niso storile, ker politika indijske vlade daje prednost industriji na koncu proizvodne verige, vključno z industrijo cevi iz nodularnega litega železa.
the export of iron ore with Fe content above 64 % is canalised through the Metal and Mineral Trading Company (MMTC) and is allowed against licences issued by the Directorate General for Foreign Trade (DGFT),
Podatki v zvezi s proizvodnjo, potrošnjo, uvozom in izvozom železove rude v zadnjih letih [47]:
high-grade iron ore (Fe content above 64 %) from Bailadila in Chhattisgarh is allowed to be exported with restrictions on quantity imposed primarily, with a view to meet domestic demand on priority.
2006–2007
Export quantities cannot exceed annually 1,81 million tonnes for lumps and 2,71 million tonnes for fines.
2007–2008
The Ministry of Steel also reported to the committee that ‘With the increase in export duty to 20 % ad valorem with effect from 1st March, 2011, the export of iron ore reduced by about 37 % to 61,74 million tonnes during 2011-2012 as compared to 97,66 million tonnes during the year 2010-2011.
2008–2009
With further increase of export duty on iron ore to 30 % ad valorem from 30th December, 2011, the export has further reduced.
2009–2010
During the first half of the year 2012-2013, the export has declined by more than 50 % to 14,4 million tonnes as compared to 30,75 million tonnes during the same period previous year.
2010–2011
Ministry of Steel has been taking up the matter regularly with the Ministry of Finance for levying of appropriate export duty on iron ore in order to discourage its export effectively and to improve availability of iron ore for the domestic iron and steel industry at affordable price’ (point 4.19 on page 26).
2011–2012
In conclusion, the Commission found that the Government had entrusted the mining companies to carry out its policy to create a compartmentalised domestic market and to provide iron ore to the domestic iron and steel industry for less than adequate remuneration.
2012–2013
Entrustment of private bodies within the meaning of Article 3(1)(a)(iv) of the basic Regulation
2013–2014
The Commission then assessed whether the iron ore mining companies in India are entrusted by the GoI within the meaning of Article 3(1)(a)(iv) of the basic Regulation.
2014–2015
The two Indian exporting producers were purchasing the overwhelming majority of the iron ore from private undertakings, except for a small quantity of iron ore purchased from the National Mineral Development Corporation (NMDC) which is one of the biggest players on the market and is owned by the GoI.
Proizvodnja
Without prejudice to the question whether the GoI exercises meaningful control over the NMDC within the meaning of Article 2(b) of the basic Regulation, which is irrelevant for the purpose of this investigation, the Commission considered that all iron ore mining companies, regardless of whether or not they are publicly owned, are private bodies which were entrusted by the GoI within the meaning of Article 3(1)(a)(iv) of the basic Regulation to provide iron ore for less than adequate remuneration.
(1000 ton)
Provision of iron ore by the iron ore mining companies for less than adequate remuneration
Potrošnja
In the next step, the Commission verified whether the iron ore mining companies have actually carried out the above-mentioned governmental policy to provide iron ore for less than adequate remuneration.
n. r.
Through the targeted export restraints and other related measures, the GoI induced the mining companies to sell locally at lower prices than otherwise (i.e. absent those measures, the mining companies would have exported the iron ore at higher prices).
Izvoz