natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
In essence, the case-law of the CJEU distinguishes between schemes based on the principle of solidarity and economic schemes [41].
Prvič, Komisija poudarja, da dejstvo, da v sektorju obveznega zdravstvenega zavarovanja delujejo različni (javni in zasebni) izvajalci, samo po sebi ne dokazuje gospodarske narave njihovih dejavnosti v okviru sistema, pri čemer velja naslednje: prevladujejo socialne značilnosti in cilji sistema, delovanje tega sistema je osredotočeno na načelo solidarnosti, državni nadzor pa je strog, kot je pojasnjeno v uvodnih izjavah 85 do 87.
The case-law of the CJEU uses a range of criteria to determine whether a social security scheme is solidarity-based and therefore does not involve an economic activity.
Taka ugotovitev bi pomenila priznati neustrezno težo obliki organizacijske ureditve, ki jo je izbrala država članica za izvajanje dela svojega sistema socialne varnosti, namesto vsebini zadevnega sistema [59].
A number of factors can be relevant in this respect: (i) whether affiliation with the scheme is compulsory [42]; (ii) whether the scheme pursues an exclusively social purpose [43]; (iii) whether the scheme is non-profit [44]; (iv) whether the benefits are independent of the contributions made [45]; (v) whether the amount of benefits paid is not necessarily proportionate to the insured persons' earnings [46]; and (vi) whether the scheme is supervised by the State [47].
Drugič, na podlagi sodne prakse Sodišča je mogoče sklepati, da niti prisotnost možnosti konkurence v sistemu zdravstvenega zavarovanja niti dejanski obstoj konkurence, tudi če je bil to namen zakonodajalca in je to potrdilo sodstvo, ne dokazujeta nujno gospodarske narave zadevne dejavnosti.
In contrast to solidarity-based schemes, economic schemes are regularly characterised by: (i) optional membership [48]; (ii) the principle of capitalisation — i.e. dependency of entitlements on the contributions paid and the financial results of the scheme [49]; (iii) their profit-making nature [50]; and (iv) the provision of entitlements which are supplementary to those under a basic scheme [51].
Sodišče je pojasnilo, da so za določitev gospodarske ali negospodarske narave dejavnosti v okviru sistema obveznega zdravstvenega zavarovanja, ki tako kot slovaški sistem omogoča določeno stopnjo konkurence, odločilni narava in stopnja te konkurence, okoliščine, v katerih se izvaja, ter prisotnost in pomembnost drugih ustreznih dejavnikov [60].
Certain schemes combine elements of both categories (solidarity-based and economic schemes) [52], so that, in order to determine whether a particular scheme is economic or non-economic in nature, the Commission must verify the presence and weigh the respective importance of each of the different elements listed in the two preceding recitals to the scheme at hand [53].
V zadevnem primeru je vrsta konkurence, ki je najzanimivejša za potrošnike, in sicer cenovna konkurenca v zvezi s stopnjo prispevkov, izključena, saj slovaške zdravstvene zavarovalnice ne morejo spreminjati stopnje prispevkov zavarovanih oseb, ker so zakonsko določeni.
The ultimate determination whether the provision of compulsory health insurance services in the Slovak Republic is a non-economic or an economic activity will therefore depend on a thorough analysis of the specific way in which that activity is organised and carried out in that Member State and will therefore be specific to the compulsory health insurance system in that Member State.
Poleg tega je možnost za konkurenco na področju kakovosti precej majhna, saj slovaški sistem obveznega zdravstvenega zavarovanja predvideva zelo širok obseg zakonskih prejemkov, ki so enaki za vse zavarovane osebe, zato imajo zavarovalnice majhne možnosti, da bi se potegovale za stranke s ponujanjem dodatnih (neodplačnih) izplačil.
A number of indicators point to the non-economic nature of the Slovak health insurance system, in particular as regards its social features and objectives, which feature predominantly in the operation of that system, and that the system is centrally based on the solidarity principle.
Tretjič, Komisija meni, da na negospodarsko naravo dejavnosti obveznega zdravstvenega zavarovanja ne vpliva dejstvo, da zdravstvene zavarovalnice izvajajo konkurenco na področju kakovosti in učinkovitosti nabave, tako da od ponudnikov kupujejo zdravstvene in povezane storitve dobre kakovosti in po konkurenčnih cenah.
First, participation in the public health insurance programme is compulsory by law for most of the population in the Slovak Republic and medical services covered under the compulsory health insurance are provided regardless of the contributions paid by the insured person.
Zavarovalnice tako z dejavnostjo, ki je neodvisna od pogodb z zavarovanimi osebami v okviru obveznega zdravstvenega zavarovanja, kupijo sredstva, potrebna za izvajanje njihove vloge v tem sistemu.
An insured person is free to choose any health insurance company and, under the open enrolment obligation, the health insurance company chosen cannot refuse that person insurance on the grounds of his age, state of health or disease risks [54].
Iz sodne prakse Sodišča je mogoče sklepati naslednje: če je sistem obveznega zdravstvenega zavarovanja zaradi svojih značilnosti negospodarske narave, potem je negospodarske narave tudi dejavnost kupovanja sredstev, potrebnih za delovanje tega sistema [61].
Second, Slovak compulsory health insurance is based on contributions that are fixed by law proportional to the income of the insured, rather than being based on the insured risk (age, health status, disease risks of the insured person).
Četrtič, dejstvo, da ureditev obveznega zdravstvenega zavarovanja na Slovaškem omogoča zdravstvenim zavarovalnicam, da ustvarjajo dobiček in njegov del razdeljujejo med delničarje, ne spremeni negospodarske narave njihovih dejavnosti, saj jih izvajajo v sistemu z močno prisotnostjo vseh navedenih značilnosti, ki izražajo negospodarsko naravo.
Moreover, there is no direct link between the amount of contributions paid by an individual into the scheme and the value of the benefits received by that same individual from the scheme.
Golo dejstvo, da zdravstvene zavarovalnice lahko ustvarjajo dobiček in njegov del razdeljujejo, ne more omajati prevladujočih socialnih značilnosti in ciljev sistema, osrednje vloge načela solidarnosti v sistemu ter delovanja sistema pod strogo ureditvijo in nadzorom države.
As a result, insurance companies have no possibility to influence either the amount of contributions or the minimum level of coverage to which the insured persons are entitled as this is all fixed by national legislation.
V zvezi s to državno ureditvijo Komisija opozarja, da je možnost ustvarjanja, uporabljanja in razdeljevanja dobička omejena z zakonskimi obveznostmi, ki jih je država naložila slovaškim zavarovalnicam, da bi zagotovila učinkovitost in stalnost obveznega zdravstvenega zavarovanja z vsemi prevladujočimi socialnimi cilji in cilji, povezani s solidarnostjo [62].
Third, all the insured are guaranteed by law to receive the same basic level of benefits, which is in fact very high since it covers almost all healthcare procedures provided in the Slovak Republic, meaning that virtually complete healthcare is provided through the compulsory health insurance scheme [55].
Svoboda ustvarjanja, uporabe in razdeljevanja dobička je zato bistveno bolj omejena v sektorju slovaškega obveznega zdravstvenega zavarovanja kot v običajnih gospodarskih sektorjih, pri tem pa je treba uresničevati socialne cilje in cilje, povezane s solidarnostjo.
The Slovak risk equalisation scheme (RES) ensures that insurance risks are shared and therefore further strengthens solidarity.
Zaradi omejene narave konkurence, ki je bila uvedena v slovaški sistem obveznega zdravstvenega zavarovanja (tj. samo omejena konkurenca na področju kakovosti, brez cenovne konkurence), ter omejitev načina ustvarjanja in uporabe dobička elementi konkurence in usmerjenosti v dobiček, ki so prisotni v slovaškem sistemu obveznega zdravstvenega zavarovanja, ne postavljajo pod vprašaj prevladujočih socialnih, solidarnostnih in regulativnih značilnosti, ki izražajo negospodarsko naravo dejavnosti, ki jih izvajajo zdravstvene zavarovalnice v okviru tega sistema.
In addition, the Slovak system imposes the community rating principle, that is, insurers are not allowed to differentiate premiums according to insurance risk, while risk equalisation partially compensates insurers who have a riskier demographic profile in their portfolio by redistributing money from those insurers paying less than average benefits to those paying higher than average benefits to their insured persons [56].
Namesto tega bi bilo treba šteti, da elementi konkurence in usmerjenosti v dobiček, ki so prisotni v slovaškem sistemu obveznega zdravstvenega zavarovanja, uresničujejo glavni cilj spodbujanja zavarovalnic k delovanju v skladu z načeli dobrega upravljanja, da bi sistem socialne varnosti pravilno deloval, ter s tem prispevajo k uresničevanju socialnih ciljev tega sistema in ciljev, povezanih s solidarnostjo [63].
Finally, in addition to all of the abovementioned social and solidarity characteristics, the Commission recalls that Slovak compulsory health insurance is organised and carried out under a strong regulatory framework: the status, rights and obligations of all health insurance companies are established by laws laying down detailed conditions and they operate subject to tight supervision by the State [57].
Komisija prav tako meni, da dejstvo, da je slovaško ustavno sodišče (pri ocenjevanju morebitne kršitve svobode gospodarske pobude v skladu s slovaško ustavo) štelo slovaški sistem obveznega zdravstvenega zavarovanja za „vključenega v področje konkurence“, ne pomeni, da ta sistem vključuje dejavnosti gospodarske narave v smislu pravil o državni pomoči.
On the basis of these characteristics, the Commission concludes that the Slovak compulsory health insurance system is non-economic in nature, so that SZP/VZP cannot be considered to qualify as an ‘undertaking’ within the meaning of Article 107(1) of the Treaty [58].
Slovaško ustavno sodišče je sklenilo, da ta prepoved krši slovaško ustavo in da zato ni razloga za obravnavanje bistvenih elementov pravil notranjega trga EU ali odločanje o njihovi kršitvi.
The Commission acknowledges certain features of the Slovak compulsory health insurance system could point to the economic nature of the activities involved in that system: (i) the presence of several insurance operators (public and private) in the Slovak compulsory health insurance sector; (ii) some degree of competition between these health insurers; which are (iii) involved in a for-profit activity; and (iv) the fact that the activity was considered to be open to competition by the Slovak Constitutional Court.
Na podlagi navedenega in ob upoštevanju posebnosti tega primera ter prisotnosti ter tehtanja ustreznih kazalnikov dejavnosti obveznega zdravstvenega zavarovanja, kot je organizirana in se izvaja na Slovaškem, ni mogoče šteti za gospodarsko.
Nevertheless, the Commission is of the opinion that the presence of those features does not call into question its conclusion that compulsory health insurance in Slovakia is a non-economic activity.
Glede na navedeno Komisija sklepa, da SZP/VZP kot prejemnici spornih ukrepov ni mogoče šteti za podjetji v smislu člena 107(1) Pogodbe, zato ti ukrepi ne pomenijo državne pomoči v smislu navedene določbe.
First, the Commission notes that the fact that there are several (public and private) operators active in the compulsory health insurance sector does not in itself confer an economic nature to their activities in a system where, as explained in recitals 85 to 87, the social features and objectives of the system are predominant, the solidarity principle is central to the operation of that system and State supervision is tight.
Zato ni treba proučiti drugih pogojev za obstoj državne pomoči v smislu člena 107(1) PDEU in oceniti združljivosti spornih ukrepov.
Such an interpretation would grant inappropriate weight to the organisational arrangements chosen by a Member State in operating part of its social security system, rather than to the substance of the system in question [59].
SKLEPNA UGOTOVITEV
Second, from the case-law of the CJEU it follows that also the presence of scope for competition in the health insurance system and competition actually happening, even if intended by the legislator and confirmed by the judiciary, does not necessarily confer an economic nature to the activity in question.
Glede na zgornje premisleke je Komisija sklenila, da se sporni ukrepi ne štejejo za državno pomoč v smislu člena 107(1) Pogodbe –
The CJEU has made clear that for concluding on the economic or non-economic nature of activities in statutory health insurance system which, like the Slovak system, gives some latitude for competition, the nature and degree of this competition, the circumstances in which it takes place and the presence and weight of the other relevant factors are decisive [60].
SPREJELA NASLEDNJI SKLEP:
In the case at hand, the type of competition which is most interesting for consumers — price competition with regard to the level of contributions — is ruled out since Slovak health insurers cannot modify the level of contributions of the insured which are fixed by law.
Člen 1
Health insurers therefore have no possibility of influence over those statutory benefits and are therefore not in competition with one another or as regards the grant of the obligatory statutory benefits in respect of healthcare which constitutes their main function.
(SZP) in/ali zavarovalnici Všeobecná zdravotná poisťovňa, a. s.
Third, the Commission considers the non-economic nature of the activity of compulsory health insurance not to be affected by the fact that health insurance companies engage in quality competition and procurement efficiency competition by buying healthcare and related services of good quality from providers at competitive prices.
(VZP) se ne štejejo za pomoč v smislu člena 107(1) Pogodbe:
In this way, the insurance companies, through an activity severable from their contracts with the insured persons within the compulsory health insurance procure the inputs necessary to fulfil their role within that system.
dokapitalizacija SZP v višini 450 milijonov SKK, izvedena med 28. novembrom 2005 in 18. januarjem 2006;
It follows from the case-law of the CJEU that if the system of compulsory health insurance is due to its inherent features of a non-economic nature, then the activity of procuring inputs necessary to run this system is likewise of a non-economic nature [61].
poravnava dolgov SZP s strani Veriteľ a. s. med letoma 2003 in 2006;
Fourth, the fact that the regulation of compulsory health insurance in Slovakia allows health insurers to make profits and to distribute some profits to their shareholders does not change the non-economic nature of their activities since they are performed in a system which has a strong presence of all the abovementioned features indicating the non-economic nature.
subvencija, ki jo je SZP leta 2006 dodelilo ministrstvo za zdravje;
The mere fact that health insurers are allowed to make profits and to distribute some profits cannot in itself overturn the predominance of the system's social features and objectives, the central role of the solidarity principle in it and the tight degree of State regulation and supervision under which it operates.
dokapitalizacija VZP v višini 65,1 milijona EUR z dne 1. januarja 2010;
With regard to that State regulation, the Commission recalls that the possibility to make, use and distribute profits is framed and limited by legal obligations imposed by the State on the Slovak insurance companies designed to ensure the viability and continuity of compulsory health insurance with all its predominant social and solidarity objectives [62].
izravnalna shema, vzpostavljena v skladu z delom 3 Akta št. 580/2004, in
The freedom to make, use and distribute profits is therefore significantly more restricted in the sector of Slovak compulsory health insurance than in normal commercial sectors and subjected to the attainment of social and solidarity objectives.
prenos portfeljev likvidiranih zdravstvenih zavarovalnic, zlasti z zavarovalnice Družstevná zdravotná poisťovňa na VZP ter z zavarovalnice Európská zdravotná poisťovňa na SZP.
As a result, due to the limited nature of competition that was introduced into the Slovak compulsory health insurance system (i.e. only limited quality competition and no price competition at all) as well as the restrictions on the way profits can be made and used, the elements of competition and profit-orientation which are present in the Slovak system of compulsory health insurance do not call into question the predominant social, solidarity and regulatory features indicating the non-economic nature of the activities performed by health insurance companies in that system.
Člen 2
Rather, the elements of competition and profit-orientation present in the Slovak system of compulsory health insurance should be considered to pursue the prime objective of encouraging the insurance companies to operate in accordance with the principles of sound management in the interest of a proper functioning of that social security system, thereby contributing to ensure that the social and solidarity objectives of that system are attained [63].
Ta sklep je naslovljen na Slovaško republiko.
Finally, the Commission considers that the fact that the Slovak Constitutional Court (when assessing a possible violation of the right under the Slovak Constitution to conduct a business) considered the Slovak compulsory health insurance system to be ‘included in the realm of competition’ does not mean that this system involves activities of an economic nature within the meaning of the State aid rules.
V Bruslju, 15. oktobra 2014
In fact, in that case the Slovak Constitutional Court was asked to review whether the 2007 legislative ban on profit distribution by health insurance companies was compatible with the Slovak Constitution (violation of the right of ownership, protection of property and right to conduct a business) and compatible with Articles 18, 49, 54 and 63 of the Treaty.
Za Komisijo
The Slovak Constitutional Court decided that this ban violated the Slovak Constitution, and that therefore there was no reason to discuss the substantive elements of the EU internal market rules or to rule on their violation.
Podpredsednik
Against this background, taking account of the particularities of the current case and the presence and weighting of the relevant indicators, the activity of compulsory health insurance as organised and carried out in Slovakia cannot be considered as an economic activity.
UL C 278, 26.9.2013, str. 28.
In light of the above, the Commission concludes that SZP/VZP, as the recipients of the contested measures, cannot be considered to constitute undertakings within the meaning of Article 107(1) of the Treaty and thus that those measures do not give rise to State aid within the meaning of that provision.
Glej opombo 1.
Therefore, there is no need to examine the other conditions for the existence of State aid within the meaning of Article 107(1) TFEU nor to assess the compatibility of the contested measures.
Glej tudi poročilo iz leta 2004: Hlavačka S., Wágner R., Riesberg A.: „Health care systems in transition: Slovakia“ (Zdravstveni sistemi v prehodu: Slovaška) (zv. 6, št. 10, 2004), str. 36 in naslednje, ki ga je izdal Evropski observatorij za zdravstvene sisteme in politike (objavljeno na http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/95938/E85396.pdf), zlasti str. 99.
CONCLUSION
V skladu z oddelkom 3 akta št. 580/2004 mora biti vsaka fizična oseba s stalnim prebivališčem v Slovaški republiki zavarovana v okviru javnega sistema zdravstvenega zavarovanja.
In light of the above considerations, the Commission concludes that the contested measures do not constitute State aid within the meaning of Article 107(1) of the Treaty,
Zakon dovoljuje izjeme, vendar le za osebe, ki imajo sklenjeno zdravstveno zavarovanje v drugi državi.
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:
Oddelek 3 prav tako opredeljuje, katere osebe morajo biti zavarovane v okviru javnega sistema zdravstvenega zavarovanja, tudi če nimajo stalnega prebivališča v Slovaški republiki.
Article 1
V tem sklepu se izraz „prebivalec Slovaške“ ustrezno nanaša na vse kategorije oseb, ki morajo biti zavarovane v okviru javnega sistema zdravstvenega zavarovanja.
The following measures granted by the Slovak Republic to Spoločná zdravotná poisťovňa, a. s.
Glej tudi poročilo iz leta 2011: Szalay T., Pažitný P., Szalayová A., Frisová S., Morvay K., Petrovič M. in van Ginneken E.: „Slovakia: Health system review.
(SZP) and/or Všeobecná zdravotná poisťovňa, a. s.
Health Systems in Transition“ (Slovaška: Pregled zdravstvenega sistema.
(VZP) do not constitute aid within the meaning of Article 107(1) of the Treaty:
Zdravstveni sistemi v prehodu) (zv. 13, št. 2, 2011), ki ga je izdal Evropski observatorij za zdravstvene sisteme in politike (objavljeno na http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/140593/e94972.pdf), str. 78.
the capital increase in SZP of SKK 450 million made between 28 November 2005 and 18 January 2006;
Akt št. 352/2005, tj. za ljudi, ki nimajo stalnega prebivališča in niso zaposleni na Slovaškem, in ljudi, ki imajo stalno prebivališče na Slovaškem, zdravstveno zavarovanje pa sklenjeno v tujini.
the discharge of SZP's debts through Veritel' a. s.. from 2003 to 2006;
Glede na odgovor slovaških organov v zvezi s sklepom o začetku postopka je bila ta možnost prostovoljnega zavarovanja odpravljena z aktom št. 121/2010 z začetkom veljavnosti 1. maja 2010.
the subsidy granted to SZP by the Ministry of Health in 2006;
Ti pogoji so: (1) obvezna uporaba dobička za ustvarjanje rezerve v višini do 20 % vplačanega delniškega kapitala (rezervni sklad se lahko uporabi le za pokrivanje izgub) in (2) obvezno ustvarjanje zavarovalno-tehničnih rezervacij za plačilo načrtovanega zdravstvenega varstva za zavarovane osebe na čakalnih seznamih.
the capital increase in VZP of EUR 65,1 million on 1 January 2010;
Kršitev št. 2008/4268, v okviru katere je Evropska komisija v skladu s pravili notranjega trga poslala slovaški vladi formalni opomin, v katerem ugotavlja, da prepoved, da zdravstvene zavarovalnice prosto razpolagajo z morebitnim dobičkom, ki izhaja iz zagotavljanja javnega zdravstvenega zavarovanja na Slovaškem v skladu z oddelkom 15(6) akta št. 581/2004, neutemeljeno omejuje prost pretok kapitala v skladu s členom 63 Pogodbe.
the Risk Equalisation Scheme set up by Part 3 of Act No 580/2004; and
Stalno arbitražno sodišče je nedavno zavrnilo pristojnost za tožbe nizozemske družbe Achmea (lastnice Zdravstvene zavarovalnice Union) zoper te načrte; glej Achmea proti Slovaški republiki, zadeva št. 2013-12, sodba z dne 24. maja 2014, objavljena na: http://news.achmea.nl/achmea-discloses-awards-of-arbitration-tribunals/.
the transfer of portfolios of liquidated health insurance companies, in particular of the company Družstevná zdravotná poisťovňa to VZP and of the company Európská zdravotná poisťovňa to SZP.
Glej http://spectator.sme.sk/articles/view/54162/3/achmea_loses_against_slovakia.html.
Article 2
Podatke za obdobje 2011–2013 je predložila pritožnica v pripombah v zvezi s sklepom o začetku postopka.
This Decision is addressed to Slovak Republic.
Glej tudi odstavek 37 sodbe Stalnega arbitražnega sodišča z dne 24. maja 2014 v zadevi št. 2013-12, Achmea proti Slovaški republiki (glej opombo 9 zgoraj).
Done at Brussels, 15 October 2014.
Sklep o začetku postopka, uvodni izjavi 23 in 24.
For the Commission
Obvezno zavarovanje je zakonsko predpisano za vse določene osebe (oddelek 3 akta št. 580/2004).
Vice-President
Vsi državljani, za katere je zavarovanje zakonsko predpisano, so po zakonu zavezani plačevati prispevke za javno zdravstveno zavarovanje (oddelek 11 akta št. 580/2004).
OJ C 278, 26.9.2013, p. 28.
Neplačevanje prispevkov se šteje za kaznivo dejanje.
See footnote 1.
Člen 40 ustave Slovaške republike poleg ustavno zajamčenih „temeljnih pravic in svoboščin“ določa naslednje: „Vsak ima pravico do zaščite svojega zdravja.