natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
No causal link between state action and the deficit, and the deficit cannot be imputed to the State
PRESOJA UKREPA
Spain contends that the deficit is not imputable to the State since it was caused by unpredictable external circumstances and not by the State's deliberate intention to subsidise certain activities.
OBSTOJ DRŽAVNE POMOČI V SKLADU S ČLENOM 107(1) PDEU
Spain submits that supply at regulated tariffs set by the State was not precluded by EU law in 2005.
Ukrep pomeni državno pomoč v smislu člena 107(1) PDEU, če so izpolnjeni naslednji pogoji:
Therefore, state regulatory intervention was legally valid, as it was the expression of national sovereignty.
Obstoj gospodarske prednosti
One of these sovereign prerogatives consists in setting the tariffs so that expected costs match expected demand.
Podjetja uživajo ugodnost v smislu člena 107(1) PDEU, če pridobijo gospodarsko prednost, ki je sicer po tržnih pogojih ne bi mogla pridobiti.
Spain submits that the 2005 deficit was caused by a discrepancy between the government's forecasts of wholesale electricity prices and the actual prices recorded on the pool.
V obravnavanem primeru je treba s presojo ugotoviti, tudi ob upoštevanju povračila primanjkljaja elektroenergetskega sistema iz leta 2005, ali je obstajala kakršna koli pozitivna razlika med reguliranimi tarifami, določenimi leta 2005, in tržnimi cenami, ki bi jih morali morebitni upravičenci plačati za kupljeno električno energijo in dobavljene storitve v okviru svoje tarifne ureditve.
The exceptionally high prices of 2005 were driven by unpredictable causes amounting to force majeure.
Vsaka prednost v zvezi s tržnimi pogoji mora biti ugotovljena glede na dejanske tržne cene.
Since the event generating the alleged aid was a higher-than-forecast increase in wholesale prices, the alleged advantage could not be imputable to any legal act.
Obe zadevi, tj. obstoj pozitivnih razlik – ali njihov neobstoj – med cenami na organiziranem trgu električne energije, tržnimi cenami in reguliranimi tarifami ter povračilo primanjkljaja, sta v nadaljevanju proučeni zaporedno.
Even assuming that this advantage had existed (which is not the case), it would have been caused by circumstances unrelated to the State's intentions.
Primerjava s povprečnimi cenami organiziranega trga električne energije
The existence of force majeure, according to Spain, breaks the causal link between the administrative decision setting the level of the tariffs and the competitive advantage giving rise to state aid.
Povprečne cene na organiziranem trgu električne energije kažejo splošne ravni cen na veleprodajnem trgu.
Even assuming (which is not the case) that the objective condition of the causal link was met, the subjective condition of intentionality (imputability) on the part of the State would be absent.
Zato se zdi, da je splošna raven tarife, določena z odlokom št. 2392/2004, povzročila pozitivno razliko v korist vseh končnih uporabnikov, ki so se odločili za regulirane tarife, vsaj v večini mesecev leta 2005.
Spain submits that the tariffs did not involve public funds.
Poleg tega primerjava med obdobji, daljšimi od enega leta, npr. do 30. decembra 2007, pokaže, da se morebitna akumulirana prednost od junija 2005 več kot izniči z znižanjem povprečnih cen na organiziranem trgu, ki so se marca 2007 močno znižale na 37 EUR/MWh, medtem ko so implicitne cene iz integralnih reguliranih tarif v istem obdobju znašale približno 68 EUR/MWh.
Firstly, Spain claims in this respect that the surcharge is not a ‘charge’ within the meaning of the case-law of the European Court of Justice on parafiscal levies, because it is not collected by the State and does not correspond to a fiscal levy.
Dejansko so bile implicitne cene iz integralnih reguliranih tarif od oktobra 2006 precej višje od cen veleprodajnih cen odjema (glej graf 1).
According to Spain, the surcharge is an integral part of the tariff and is like a tariff in nature.
Posledično se lahko koristi in gospodarske prednosti za odjemalce, ki so uporabljali regulirane tarife, če so cene na organiziranem trgu višje od cen električne energije na podlagi reguliranih tarif, izničijo, kadar so cene na organiziranem trgu nižje od implicitnih stroškov električne energije.
The tariff is thus a private price.
Povračilo primanjkljaja elektroenergetskega sistema iz leta 2005
Secondly, the funds are not collected by the State and are not paid into a fund designated by the State.
Kot je navedeno v uvodnih izjavah 15 in 20 do 22 zgoraj, so računi elektroenergetskega sistema leta 2005 zajemali vse regulirane stroške in regulirane prihodke sistema, ne da bi posebnim stroškom pripisali določene prihodke.
The tariffs are collected by distributors, not by the State, and therefore they are private prices which ensure the equitable remuneration of the players (as laid down in the LSE).
Na primer, stroški prenosa in distribucije (4410 milijonov EUR) ali stroški v podporo soproizvodnji in proizvodnji energije iz obnovljivih virov (2701 milijon EUR) niso bili razdeljeni med regulirane prihodke iz integralnih tarif na reguliranem trgu oziroma prihodke iz reguliranih pristojbin za dostop na prostem trgu ter niso bili financirani na podlagi razlikovanja med tema vrstama prihodkov.
They are neither taxes nor public prices.
Dejansko vsi uporabniki sistema prejemajo dobiček in lahko pričakujejo, da bodo krili stroške v podporo učinkovitim oblikam soproizvodnje in proizvodnje energije iz obnovljivih virov ali storitvam prenosa in distribucije.
The State does not remunerate anything, since it is the system that provided remuneration by virtue of market forces for non-regulated activities and by virtue of access tariffs set by the State as regards regulated activities.
Pomanjkanje reguliranih prihodkov elektroenergetskega sistema za pokritje stroškov sistema je bilo obravnavano z dodeljevanjem sredstev, zbranih prek „posebnega namenskega prispevka“, določenega s kraljevim odlokom št. 809/2006.
Since in such a system there is no burden for the State, no state resources would be involved, according to the Sloman Neptune case law [21].
Vračilo se je začelo sredi leta 2006, ko je bila uvedena dodatna dajatev za integralno tarifo v višini 1,378 % in tarifo dostopa do omrežja v višini 3,975 %, kar naj bi zagotovilo, da bo v obdobju štirinajstih let in pol, ki se bo končalo leta 2020, povrnjene 3,8 milijarde EUR, k temu pa je treba prišteti še obresti (glej uvodni izjavi 25 in 26 zgoraj).
Furthermore, these funds never flow into the state coffers, are not mentioned in budgetary laws, are not subject to verification by the Court of Auditors, and cannot be recovered from debtors by means of administrative recovery procedures.
Iz tega sledi, da prihodki iz posebnega prispevka, namenjenega financiranju primanjkljaja iz leta 2005, uporabnikom sistema omogočajo, da s precejšnjim časovnim zamikom plačajo račune za električno energijo, skupaj s povišanjem, ki je potrebno za naknadno uravnoteženje računov sistema za leto 2005.
Debts vis-à-vis the electricity system are not subject to the interest rate applicable to debts owed to the State.
V teh okoliščinah bi bil edini sporni vidik metode, ki je bila leta 2006 izbrana za poplačilo primanjkljaja elektroenergetskega sistema iz leta 2005 in uravnoteženje računov, nizka obrestna mera, ki se je na začetku uporabljala za letna povračila, in sicer referenčna mera Euribor brez kakršnega koli razmika.
Spain reiterates that these funds are handled by the Spanish Regulator, the CNE, which acts as a mere accounting intermediary.
Kot je podrobneje opisano v uvodnih izjavah 96 in 97, se je Španija odločila povišati obrestno mero, ki se je uporabljala za poslovne uporabnike, obravnavane v tem postopku.
Spain points out that in its 2001 decision on the Spanish stranded costs (SA NN 49/99) the Commission had already established that ‘the transit of funds through the CNE is of an essentially accounting nature.
Španija se zavezuje, da bo uporabila obrestni razmik do referenčne mere v višini 65 bazičnih točk.
The funds transferred to the account in the name of the CNE never became the property of this body, and were immediately paid to the beneficiaries according to a pre-determined amount which the CNE is unable to modify in any way’.
S to spremembo ukrepa, prvotno uporabljenega za poplačilo primanjkljaja iz leta 2005, ki izključuje gospodinjstva in mala podjetja, ki so v okviru korekcijskega mehanizma plačevala najvišje regulirane tarife, se izniči vsaka hipotetična prednost, ki bi jo lahko podjetja pridobila zaradi odloga plačil iz leta 2006.
On the basis of this consideration, the Commission came to the conclusion that ‘it [was] not in a position to determine whether the proceeds of the levy established within the framework of the Stranded Costs scheme constitute state resources’.
Poleg tega uporaba dodatne dajatve na tarifo pomeni, da je skupni povrnjeni znesek za vsako podjetje neposredno sorazmeren z njegovo porabo električne energije.
No advantage
Večja kot je poraba električne energije, višja je dodatna dajatev.
Spain does not share the Commission's view that regulated tariffs confer an economic advantage on end-users (or distributors).
Primerjava s cenami na trgu električne energije
Supply at regulated tariffs is a service of general economic interest
Industrijski in drugi veliki odjemalci, zlasti energetsko intenzivni odjemalci, pri katerih energija pomeni precejšen delež proizvodnih stroškov (običajno 30–40 % za proizvodnjo aluminija), zahtevajo in dobijo napovedljivo ceno in dobavne pogoje.
Spain submits that in 2005 the existence of regulated tariffs was not contrary to EU law, as the deadline for opening up the market to all consumers including households was 1 July 2007.
Ti pogoji so določeni v pogodbah, ki se ne sklepajo za dan vnaprej, temveč za daljše obdobje.
In particular, according to the Spanish authorities, electricity supply is a service of general interest, and the State must intervene to avoid abuses of dominant positions arising from the existence of a single network (natural monopoly).
Cene, ki se po urah določajo na trgu za dan vnaprej, kot je organiziran trg električne energije, izražajo povprečne tržne cene za dobavitelje, ki oskrbujejo najrazličnejše odjemalce, vključno z gospodinjstvi.
The parameters for setting the tariffs were set in an objective and transparent way.
Vendar niso ustrezne referenčne vrednosti za določanje cen, ki bi jih morali energetsko intenzivni uporabniki na prostem trgu plačati v skladu s pogodbami, ki se ne sklepajo za dan vnaprej, temveč za daljše obdobje.
The complex regulatory framework for setting the tariffs and the settlement procedure demonstrate, in Spain's view, that the tariff system was based on a thorough analysis of the costs and revenues of the system, and an analysis of electricity demand.
Zdi se, da obrnljivost možnosti dobave nujno pritiska na cene na maloprodajnem trgu v razmerah, ko veleprodajne cene rastejo, kot se je v Španiji dogajalo od aprila 2005, ko pa se položaj obrne, se zgodi nasprotno – cene na prostem trgu se povišajo, da se približajo najvišjim ravnem regulirane tarife.
Undertaking from Spain
Kot je potrdilo združenje neodvisnih dobaviteljev energije (uvodne izjave 42 do 49), so morali dobavitelji na prostem trgu leta 2005 spoštovati svoje pogodbe ali jih enostransko prekiniti, če je bilo to mogoče, ali doseči nov dogovor o cenah in jih prilagoditi navzgor, s čimer so tvegali, da bodo njihovi odjemalci morda prešli na reguliran trg.
As noted in recitals 25 and 26, the deficit generated in 2005 is being repaid in annual instalments, which yield an interest rate set at the Euribor rate, without any spread.
Izgube iz poslovanja, ki jih zatrjujejo dobavitelji na prostem trgu, kažejo, da so cene na prostem trgu leta 2005, zlasti za enoletne pogodbe, ki so se spoštovale, ostale blizu zadevnim ravnem reguliranih tarif, in da temu primerno regulirane tarife dejansko niso pomenile gospodarske prednosti v primerjavi z dejanskimi cenami na prostem trgu.
The increase will be determined in proportion to the contribution to the 2005 deficit of business users which are the subject of the current proceedings, and which were supplied at integral regulated tariffs.
Dejansko je bil edini učinek ravni reguliranih tarif na cene na prostem trgu leta 2005 ta, da je bila uporabnikom na prostem trgu dodeljena posredna korist omejitve povišanj cen, celo ob predpostavki, da so bila ta povišanja med letom ali, dolgoročneje, skozi vse leto 2005 pogodbeno mogoča.
The relevant amount will be charged to business users as follows:
Tretjič, Komisija se je v odločitvi o začetku postopka sklicevala zlasti na nizki ravni reguliranih tarif, tj. 23,9 EUR/MWh in 27,0 EUR/MWh, ki sta se leta 2005 uporabljali za velike industrijske odjemalce (tarifa G4) in velike industrijske odjemalce s prekinljivo dobavo (npr. tarifa 3.4), kot je prikazano v preglednici 3 v uvodni izjavi 30 zgoraj.
as regards the annual instalments of the part of the 2005 deficit which has already been repaid, a one-off increase in access tariffs will be applied;
Kot so opozorile nekatere tretje strani, ravni reguliranih tarif, ki so bile izpodbijane v odločitvi o začetku postopka, niso tarife, temveč povprečne cene po obračunanih popustih.
as regards the amounts still to be reimbursed, the higher interest rate will be applied directly to each annual amount, again in the form of higher access tariffs.
Brez popustov so ravni osnovnih tarif, ki so bile dejansko določene z odlokom št. 2392/2004 in so navedene v preglednici 1, znašale 56,12 EUR/MWh (tarifa 3.4) in 25,44 EUR/MWh (tarifa G4).
PRESENCE OF STATE AID PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 107(1) OF THE TFEU
Prvič, predloženi so bili dokazi, da se je za energetsko intenzivne uporabnike na prostem trgu leta 2005 uporabljala dvostransko dogovorjena tržna cena 34,45 EUR/MWh (uvodne izjave 55 do 57).
A measure constitutes state aid within the meaning of Article 107(1) of the TFEU if the following conditions are met:
Ob trgovski marži, nižji od povprečne marže 10 EUR, ki je bila dodana v odločitvi o začetku formalnega postopka preiskave, ta tržna cena kaže na stroške dobave, ki so blizu 25,44 EUR/MWh najnižje regulirane tarife (G4) (23,9 EUR/MWh povprečne naknadne cene).
the measure (a) confers an economic advantage on the beneficiary; (b) is granted by the State or through state resources; (c) is selective;
Če se upoštevajo objektivne razlike, značilne za dobavo po regulirani tarifi, kot so 9,7-krat večji obsegi dobav, naložbe v opremo za nadzor in plačilni roki, ni videti, da bi imeli upravičenci kakršno koli neupravičeno gospodarsko prednost, ker je bila regulirana tarifa nižja.
has an impact on intra-Community trade and is liable to distort competition within the EU.
Dodatni popusti, ki so bili na voljo v okviru reguliranih tarif za uravnavanje povpraševanja (npr. modulacija obremenitve, prekinljivost), so omogočali nižje povprečne cene na reguliranem trgu za uporabnike, ki so ponujali navedene storitve [22].
Undertakings are favoured within the meaning of Article 107(1) of the TFEU if they obtain an economic advantage which they could not otherwise obtain under market conditions.
Enako so gospodarsko koristne storitve prekinljivosti v omrežju, saj to za zadevnega industrijskega uporabnika pomeni, da lahko upravljavec omrežja s kratkim odpovednim rokom (od nekaj sekund do dveh ur) in za dolgo obdobje (od ene ure do dvanajstih ur) prekine dobavo, kot je bilo v primeru ustreznih reguliranih tarif v Španiji.
In the case at hand, the assessment must establish, having regard also to the repayment of the 2005 deficit of the electricity system, whether there was any positive difference between the regulated tariffs set in 2005 and the market prices that the potential beneficiaries would have had to pay for the electricity purchased and the services supplied under their tariff regime.
Zakonodaja EU priznava koristi teh storitev v smislu zagotavljanja neprekinjene oskrbe z električno energijo.
Any advantage with respect to market conditions must be established by reference to actual market prices.
Direktiva Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta 2005/89/ES z dne 18. januarja 2006 o ukrepih za zagotavljanje zanesljivosti oskrbe z električno energijo in naložb v infrastrukturo [23] od držav članic zahteva, da upoštevajo tehnologije za uravnavanje povpraševanja in sprejemajo ukrepe za odstranjevanje ovir, ki preprečujejo uporabo pogodb z možnostjo prekinitve, da bi ohranili ravnovesje med ponudbo in povpraševanjem.
Both matters, i.e. the existence of positive differences — or the absence thereof — between electricity pool prices, market prices and regulated tariffs, and the repayment of the deficit, are examined in turn below.
Te storitve dopolnjujejo in lahko celo nadomestijo druga sredstva za regulacijo, ki jih upravljavec omrežja uporablja za zagotovitev, da je povpraševanje po električni energiji iz omrežja v skladu s ponudbo, s čimer se izogne prekinitvam in popolnim izpadom oskrbe, ki družbo in gospodarstvo drago stanejo ter lahko sprožijo sankcije ali odgovornosti.
Comparison with electricity pool average prices
Zlasti v primeru Španije so te storitve še posebno dragocene, ker leta 2005 ni bilo pomembnejših zmogljivosti za medsebojno povezovanje z drugimi državami članicami in znatnega prodora nestalne dobave električne energije iz obnovljivih virov energije.
The average prices of the electricity pool provide an indication of general price levels in the wholesale market.
Obseg njihove gospodarske vrednosti in stroškov, ki se jim je mogoče izogniti v elektroenergetskem sistemu, je mogoče ponazoriti s stroški, ki jih je imel španski upravljavec omrežja Red Eléctrica de España ob nakupu storitev izravnave.
This average reference price was EUR 59,47 MWh in 2005, for the entire year.
Leta 2005 je družba Red Eléctrica de España v povprečju plačala 65 EUR/MWh za storitve sekundarne regulacije za povečanje energije (zagotavljanje dodatne energije v sistemu za obdobje od 15 sekund do 15 minut zaradi uravnoteženja omrežja);
As indicated and illustrated in recital 19 (Graph 1), in seven non-consecutive months in 2005 average wholesale prices were above the electricity prices implicit in the integral regulated tariffs applied to all end-users.
povprečna cena terciarne regulacije za povečanje energije (zagotavljanje dodatne energije v sistemu za obdobje od 15 minut do 2 ur zaradi ponovne vzpostavitve energijske rezerve sekundarne regulacije) je leta 2005 znašala 78 EUR/MWh in segala vse do 600 EUR/MWh [24].
Therefore, the average tariff level set by Decree 2392/2004 appears to have given rise to a positive difference in favour of all the end-users which opted for regulated tariffs, at least for the majority of months in 2005.
Zdi se, da so popusti na ustrezne regulirane tarife (npr. približno 32 EUR/MWh na tarifo 3.4) ekonomsko upravičeni, saj zmanjšujejo povpraševanje in ga premeščajo iz časa največje porabe (modulacija obremenitve).
However, in monthly periods of less than a year, this difference did not arise during the five months between January and May 2005.
Regulirane tarife za uporabnike, priključene na visokonapetostno omrežje (tarifi 1.4 in 2.4), so bile brez takih popustov za ukrepe za uravnavanje povpraševanja precej višje, med 58 in 61 EUR/MWh za osnovno tarifo ter 76,2 EUR/MWh za povprečno dejansko ceno.
There was therefore no advantage for the entire regulated tariff system.
V primerjavi s terminsko tržno ceno, tj. 31,05 EUR/MWh, ki je bila na voljo za obdobje od januarja do decembra 2005, ni mogoče šteti, da so bile tržne cene višje od reguliranih tarif, ki so se uporabljale za veliko večino industrijskih in komercialnih uporabnikov z visoko stopnjo porabe.
Furthermore, if the comparison is made between periods of more than one year, e.g. until 30 December 2007, the possible accumulated advantage from June 2005 is more than cancelled out by the decrease in average pool prices, which fell sharply to EUR 37/MWh in March 2007, while the prices implicit in the integral regulated tariffs were around EUR 68/MWh during the same period.
Iz tega sledi, da so bile dejanske tržne cene, ki so veljale za dobave električne energije končnim uporabnikom, ki so leta 2005 energijo odjemali po reguliranih tarifah, v skladu z ustreznimi ravnmi reguliranih tarif, čeprav evidentirane cene na organiziranem trgu električne energije niso primerna referenčna vrednost za primerjavo s cenami električne energije, ki so jih plačevali veliki industrijski in komercialni uporabniki.
In fact, from October 2006 the electricity prices implicit in integral tariffs were much higher than wholesale supply prices (see Graph 1).
SKLEPNE UGOTOVITVE GLEDE UKREPA
Consequently, the benefits and economic advantages to consumers which were supplied at regulated tariffs, where pool prices are higher than the implicit cost of electricity in the regulated tariffs, may be cancelled out when pool prices are lower than the implicit cost of electricity.
Komisija glede na zgornje ugotovitve meni, da je bilo dokazano, prvič, da podjetja, ki so električno energijo odjemala po integralno reguliranih tarifah, niso imela koristi zaradi ravni teh tarif in, drugič, ob upoštevanju zaveze Španije za spremembo ukrepa, da bodo obresti za zamudo nekaterih podjetij pri plačilu dela njihovih računov za električno energijo leta 2005 zaračunane po ustrezni stopnji.
It follows that, both in monthly periods of less than one year in 2005 and two-year periods encompassing part of 2005, the energy prices implicit in the regulated tariffs applicable in 2005 do not appear to have provided an advantage to the group of consumers supplied at regulated tariffs, when compared with the electricity pool wholesale prices.
Zato obravnavani ukrep ne pomeni gospodarske prednosti v korist poslovnim uporabnikom.
However, the fact is that revenue from access charges and regulated tariffs paid in respect of the whole electricity system were not sufficient to cover the regulated costs of the system in 2005.
Ker so merila iz člena 107(1) PDEU kumulativna, ni potrebe po proučitvi, ali so izpolnjena druga merila.
As described in recitals 15 and 20-22 above, the accounts of the electricity system in 2005 encompassed all the regulated costs and regulated revenues of the system without assigning specific revenues to specific costs.
SPREJELA NASLEDNJI SKLEP:
For instance, transport and distribution costs (EUR 4410 million) or cogeneration and renewable energy support costs (EUR 2701 million) were not divided between, respectively, regulated revenues from integral tariffs in the regulated market and/or revenues from regulated access charges in the free market, and were not financed differentiating between these two types of revenue.
Člen 1
In fact, all the system users receive a profit and can be expected to cover costs of support for efficient forms of cogeneration and renewable energy, or transport and distribution services.
Sistem reguliranih tarif, ki ga je Kraljevina Španija izvajala leta 2005, ne pomeni državne pomoči v smislu člena 107(1) Pogodbe o delovanju Evropske unije.
In this system of non-cumulative costs for each tariff, it is impossible ex post to objectively assign the distribution of costs to free market users and users at regulated tariffs and, within the latter category, to the 25 different tariff steps applicable in 2005.
Člen 2
It follows that it is appropriate to examine the possible advantages, or absence thereof, of the 2005 deficit for the electricity system as a whole.
Ta sklep je naslovljen na Kraljevino Španijo.
In this respect, Spain has put in place a mechanism for recovering the whole of the 2005 deficit.
V Bruslju, 4. februarja 2014
This is consistent with this universality of the accounts of the system applied during that period.
Za Komisijo
The shortfall in regulated revenues of the electricity system to cover the system costs was addressed through the injection of resources collected through the ‘specifically earmarked contribution’ provided for by Royal Decree 809/2006.
Podpredsednik
From mid-2006, recovery began through the application of a surcharge on the value of 1,378 % on integral regulated tariffs and 3,975 % on access charges and, thereafter, the surcharges needed to ensure that over 14,5 years ending in 2020, the EUR 3,8 billion plus interest is recovered (see recitals 25 and 26 above).
UL C 43, 27.2.2007, str. 9.