natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
If both the DOC removal and specific chemical removal have been measured, significant differences (the former being lower than the latter) between the percentages removed indicate the presence in the effluents of intermediate organic products, which may be more difficult to degrade; these should be investigated.
Če sta bili izmerjeni odstranitev DOC in odstranitev specifične kemikalije, velike razlike med odstranjenimi deleži (pri čemer je prva vrednost nižja od druge) kažejo, da so bili v iztokih vmesni organski produkti, ki se morda težje razgradijo; to je treba raziskati.
Consider the test to be valid if the degree of DOC (or COD) elimination (DB) in the control units is > 80 % after 2 weeks operation and no unusual observations have been made.
Preskus je treba šteti za veljaven, če je stopnja odstranitve DOC (ali KPK) (DB) v kontrolnih enotah po 2 tednih delovanja > 80-odstotna in če ni bilo opaženega nič nenavadnega.
If a readily biodegradable (reference) chemical has been tested, the degree of biodegradation should be > 90 % and the difference between duplicate values should not be greater than 5 %.
Če se je preskušala dobro razgradljiva (referenčna) kemikalija, mora biti stopnja biološke razgradnje > 90-odstotna, razlika med vrednostmi ponovitev pa ne sme biti večja od 5 %.
If these two criteria are not met, review the experimental procedures and/or obtain domestic sewage from another source.
Če ti merili nista izpolnjeni, je treba pregledati poskusne postopke in/ali dobiti gospodinjsko odpadno vodo iz drugega vira.
Similarly, differences between biodegradation values from duplicate units (if used) treating a test chemical should not differ by more than 5 %.
Razlike med vrednostmi biološke razgradnje iz podvojenih enot (če se uporabljajo), v katerih se obdeluje preskusna kemikalija, prav tako ne smejo biti večje od 5 %.
If this criterion is not met but the removals are high, continue analysis for a further three weeks.
Če to merilo ni izpolnjeno, vendar so odstranitve visoke, je treba analizo nadaljevati še 3 tedne.
If removal is low, investigate the inhibitory effects of the test chemical if not known and repeat the test at a lower concentration of test chemical, if that is feasible.
Če je odstranitev nizka, je treba preučiti zaviralne učinke preskusne kemikalije, če niso znani, in preskus ponoviti pri nižji koncentraciji preskusne kemikalije, če je to izvedljivo.
physical nature and, where relevant, physico-chemical properties.
fizikalno stanje, in kjer je ustrezno, fizikalno-kemijske lastnosti.
any modifications to test system, especially if insolubles or volatiles tested;
spremembe preskusnega sistema, zlasti če se preskušajo netopne ali hlapne snovi,
proportion and nature of industrial wastes in sewage, if used and if known;
delež in vrsta industrijskih odpadkov v odpadni vodi, če se uporabljata in sta znana,
method of inoculation;
metoda inokulacije,
test chemical stock solution — DOC (dissolved organic carbon) and TOC (total organic carbon) content; how prepared, if suspension; test concentration(s) used, reasons if outside range 10-20 mg/l DOC; method of addition; date first added; any changes in concentration;
založna raztopina preskusne kemikalije – vsebnost DOC (raztopljenega organskega ogljika) in TOC (celotnega organskega ogljika); kako je pripravljena, če je suspenzija; uporabljene preskusne koncentracije; razlogi za odstopanje od razpona 10–20 mg/l DOC; metoda dodajanja; datum prvega dodajanja; spremembe v koncentraciji,
mean hydraulic retention time (with no growth); rotational speed of tube; approximate angle of inclination, if possible;
srednji hidravlični zadrževalni čas (brez rasti); rotacijska hitrost cevi; približen kot naklona, če je mogoče,
details of sloughing; time and intensity;
podrobnosti o luščenju; čas in intenzivnost,
test temperature and range;
preskusna temperatura in razpon,
analytical techniques employed.
uporabljene analitske tehnike.
all measured data DOC, COD, specific analyses, pH, temperature, N chemicals, if relevant;
vsi izmerjeni podatki DOC, KPK, specifične analize, pH, temperatura, dušikove snovi, če je ustrezno,
all calculated date of Dt (or Dtc), DB, Ds obtained in tabular form and elimination curves;
vsi izračunani podatki Dt (ali Dtc), DB, DSt v tabelarni obliki in krivuljah odstranitve,
information on lag and plateau phases, test duration, the degree of elimination of the test chemical, of the reference chemical (if tested) and of the organic medium (in the control unit), together with statistical data and statements of biodegradability and validity of the test;
informacije o fazi prilagajanja in fazi konstantne ravni, trajanju preskusa, stopnji odstranitve preskusne kemikalije, referenčne kemikalije (če se preskuša) in organskega medija (v kontrolni enoti), statistični podatki ter izjave o biološki razgradljivosti in veljavnosti preskusa,
Baumann U, Kuhn G and Benz M. (1998) Einfache Versuchsanordnung zur Gewinnung gewässerökologisch relevanter Daten, UWSF — Z. Umweltchem.
Baumann, U., Kuhn, G., in Benz, M. (1998) Einfache Versuchsanordnung zur Gewinnung gewässerökologisch relevanter Daten, UWSF - Z. Umweltchem.
Chapter C.4 of this Annex, Determination of “Ready” Biodegradability A-F.
Poglavje C.4 te priloge, Določanje ‚dobre‘ biorazgradljivosti.
Water Quality-Evaluation in an aqueous medium of the ultimate biodegradability of organic substances.
Kakovost vode – Vrednotenje končne biorazgradljivosti organskih snovi v vodi.
Method by analysis of released inorganic carbon in sealed vessels.
Metoda z analizo sproščenega anorganskega ogljika v zaprtih posodah.
Rotating tubes
Rotirajoče cevi
Plan view:
Tloris
View A/B:
Pogled A/B
Driven wheels:
Gnana kolesa
Idling wheels:
Negnana kolesa
Reduction gear:
Reduktor
Internal flange:
Notranja prirobnica
Tilting mechanism:
Nagibni mehanizem
Bevel gear drive:
Stožčasti zobnik
Flow diagram
Diagram pretoka
A Feed Tank
A Rezervoar
B Peristaltic Pump
B Peristaltična črpalka
C Rotating Tube
C Rotirajoča cev
D Effluent Collection Vessel
D Zbiralnik iztoka
DEFINITIONS:
OPREDELITEV POJMOV
Chemicals “It should be noted that the term ‘chemical’ is used broadly in the UNCED agreements and subsequent documents to include substances, products, mixtures, preparations, or any other terms that may be used in existing systems to denote coverage”.
Kemikalije ‚Opozoriti je treba, da se izraz ‚kemikalija‘ v sporazumih UNCED in nadaljnjih dokumentih uporablja v širokem pomenu ter vključuje snovi, proizvode, zmesi, pripravke ali vse druge izraze, ki se lahko v obstoječih sistemih uporabijo za označevanje vključenosti.‘
Chapters C.27, C.28, C.29 and C.30 are added:
dodajo se poglavja C.27, C.28, C.29 in C.30:
SEDIMENT-WATER CHIRONOMID TOXICITY TEST USING SPIKED SEDIMENT
PRESKUS STRUPENOSTI S TRZAČAMI V SISTEMU VODE IN USEDLINE Z UPORABO USEDLINE S PRIMEŠANO PRESKUSNO SNOVJO
This Test Method is equivalent to OECD Test Guideline (TG) 218 (2004).
Ta preskusna metoda ustreza Smernici za preskušanje OECD (TG) 218 (2004).
This Test Method is designed to assess the effects of prolonged exposure of chemicals to the sediment-dwelling larvae of the freshwater dipteran Chironomus sp.
Zasnovana je za oceno učinkov daljše izpostavljenosti kemikalijam na ličinke sladkovodne trzače Chironomus sp., ki živijo v usedlinah.
It is based on existing toxicity test protocols for Chironomus riparius and Chironomus tentans which have been developed in Europe (1)(2)(3) and North America (4)(5)(6)(7)(8) and ring-tested (1)(6)(9).
Temelji na obstoječih protokolih za preskušanje strupenosti za Chironomus riparius in Chironomus tentans, ki so bili razviti v Evropi (1) (2) (3) in Severni Ameriki (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) ter krožno preskušeni (1) (6) (9).
Other well documented chironomid species may also be used, e.g. Chironomus yoshimatsui (10)(11).
Uporabijo se lahko tudi druge dobro dokumentirane vrste trzače, npr. Chironomus yoshimatsui (10) (11).
The exposure scenario used in this Test Method is spiking of sediment with the test substance.
Scenarij izpostavljenosti, uporabljen v tej preskusni metodi, je primešanje preskusne snovi v usedlino.
The selection of the appropriate exposure scenario depends on the intended application of the test.
Izbira ustreznega scenarija izpostavljenosti je odvisna od namena uporabe preskusa.
The scenario of spiking sediment is intended to simulate accumulated levels of chemicals persisting in the sediment.
Namen primešanja snovi v usedlino je simulirati nakopičene ravni kemikalij, ki ostajajo v usedlini.
This exposure system involves spiking sediment of a sediment-water test system.
Ta sistem izpostavljenosti vključuje primešanje snovi v usedlino v preskusnem sistemu vode in usedline.
Substances that need to be tested towards sediment-dwelling organisms usually persist in this compartment over long time periods.
Snovi, ki jih je treba preskusiti v zvezi z organizmi, živečimi v usedlinah, se običajno v tem delu zelo dolgo obdržijo.
The sediment-dwelling organisms may be exposed via a number of routes.
Organizmi, živeči v usedlinah, so lahko izpostavljeni na številne načine.
The relative importance of each exposure route, and the time taken for each to contribute to the overall toxic effects, is dependent on the physical-chemical properties of the chemical concerned.
Relativni pomen vsakega načina izpostavljenosti in čas, da ta prispeva k skupnim strupenim učinkom, sta odvisna od fizikalno-kemijskih lastnosti zadevne kemikalije.
For strongly adsorbing substances (e.g. with log Kow > 5) or for substances covalently binding to sediment, ingestion of contaminated food may be a significant exposure route.
Pri snoveh, ki se močno adsorbirajo (npr. z log Kow > 5), ali snoveh, ki se kovalentno vežejo na usedlino, je lahko zaužitje kontaminirane hrane pomemben način izpostavljenosti.
In order not to underestimate the toxicity of highly lipophilic substances, the use of food added to the sediment before application of the test substance may be considered.
Da ne bi podcenili strupenosti visoko lipofilnih snovi, se lahko predvidi uporaba hrane, dodane usedlini pred uporabo preskusne snovi.
In order to take all potential routes of exposure into account the focus of this Test Method is on long-term exposure.
Da bi se upoštevali vsi morebitni načini izpostavljenosti, je ta preskusna metoda osredotočena na dolgoročno izpostavljenost.
The test duration is in the range of 20-28 days for C. riparius and C. yoshimatsui, and 28-65 days for C. tentans.
Preskus za C. riparius in C. yoshimatsui traja 20 do 28 dni, za C. tentans pa 28 do 65 dni.
If short-term data are required for a specific purpose, for example to investigate the effects of an unstable chemical, additional replicates may be removed after a 10-day period.
Če so za določen namen potrebni kratkoročni podatki, na primer da se raziščejo učinki nestabilne kemikalije, se lahko dodatne ponovitve umaknejo po 10 dneh.
The measured endpoints are the total number of adults emerged and the time to emergence.
Izmerjene končne točke so skupno število preobraženih odraslih osebkov in čas do preobrazbe.
It is recommended that measurements of larval survival and growth should only be made after a 10-day period if additional short-term data are required, using additional replicates as appropriate.
Če so potrebni dodatni kratkoročni podatki, je priporočljivo, da se preživetje in rast ličink izmerita šele po 10-dnevnem obdobju, po potrebi z dodatnimi ponovitvami.
The use of formulated sediment is recommended.
Priporoča se uporaba formulirane usedline.
Formulated sediment has several advantages over natural sediments:
Ta ima pred naravnimi usedlinami več prednosti:
the experimental variability is reduced because it forms a reproducible “standardised matrix” and the need to find uncontaminated and clean sediment sources is eliminated;
variabilnost pri poskusih je manjša, saj formulirana usedlina pomeni ponovljivo ‚standardizirano matrico‘, poleg tega ni več treba iskati nekontaminiranih in čistih virov usedlin,
the tests can be initiated at any time without encountering seasonal variability in the test sediment and there is no need to pre-treat the sediment to remove indigenous fauna; the use of formulated sediment also reduces the cost associated with the field collection of sufficient amounts of sediment for routine testing;
preskusi se lahko začnejo kadar koli, ne da bi se bilo treba ukvarjati s sezonsko variabilnostjo v preskusni usedlini, poleg tega usedline ni treba predhodno obdelati, da bi se odstranila domorodna favna; s formulirano usedlino se tudi znižajo stroški, povezani z zbiranjem zadostne količine usedline na terenu za rutinsko preskušanje,
the use of formulated sediment allows for comparisons of toxicity and ranking substances accordingly.
uporaba formulirane usedline omogoča primerjave strupenosti in ustrezno razvrstitev snovi.
First instar chironomid larvae are exposed to a concentration range of the test chemical in sediment — water systems.
Ličinke trzače prvega stadija so izpostavljene razponu koncentracije preskusne kemikalije v sistemih vode in usedline.
The test substance is spiked into the sediment and first instar larvae are subsequently introduced into test beakers in which the sediment and water concentrations have been stabilised.
Preskusna snov se primeša v usedlino, ličinke prvega stadija pa se nato vnesejo v preskusne čaše, v katerih so bile koncentracije usedline in vode stabilizirane.
Chironomid emergence and development rate is measured at the end of the test.
Hitrost preobrazbe in razvoja trzač se izmerita ob koncu preskusa.
Larval survival and weight may also be measured after 10 days if required (using additional replicates as appropriate).
Preživetje in teža ličink se lahko izmerita tudi po 10 dneh, če je to potrebno (z dodatnimi ponovitvami, kot je ustrezno).
These data are analysed either by using a regression model in order to estimate the concentration that would cause × % reduction in emergence or larval survival or growth (e.g. EC15, EC50 etc.), or by using statistical hypothesis testing to determine a NOEC/LOEC.
Ti podatki se analizirajo bodisi z regresijskim modelom, da se oceni koncentracija, ki bi povzročila x-odstotno zmanjšanje preobrazbe, ali preživetja, ali rasti ličink (npr. EC15, EC50 itd.), bodisi s preskušanjem statističnih domnev za določitev NOEC/LOEC.
The latter requires comparison of effect values with control values using statistical tests.
Slednje zahteva primerjavo vrednosti učinkov s kontrolnimi vrednostmi, za kar se uporabijo statistični preskusi.
The water solubility of the test substance, its vapour pressure, measured or calculated partitioning into sediment and stability in water and sediment should be known.
Znani morajo biti vodotopnost preskusne snovi, njen parni tlak, izmerjeni ali izračunani koeficient porazdelitve v usedlini ter stabilnost v vodi in usedlini.
A reliable analytical method for the quantification of the test substance in overlying water, pore water and sediment with known and reported accuracy and limit of detection should be available.
Za določitev količine preskusne snovi v vodi nad usedlino, porni vodi in usedlini mora biti na voljo zanesljiva analitska metoda z znano in izpričano natančnostjo in mejo zaznave.
Useful information includes the structural formula and purity of the test substance.
Med Koristni informaciji sta tudi strukturna formula in čistost preskusne snovi.
Chemical fate of the test substance (e.g. dissipation, abiotic and biotic degradation, etc.) also is useful information.
Prav tako je koristno poznati obnašanje preskusne snovi v okolju (npr. disipacija, abiotska in biotska razgradnja itd.).
Further guidance for testing substances with physical-chemical properties that make them difficult to perform the test is provided in (12)
Dodatne smernice za preskušanje snovi s fizikalno-kemijskimi lastnostmi, zaradi katerih je preskus otežen, so navedene v (12).
Reference chemicals may be tested periodically as a means of assuring that the test protocol and test conditions are reliable.
Redno se lahko preskušajo referenčne kemikalije, da se tako zagotavlja zanesljivost protokola za preskušanje in preskusnih pogojev.
Examples of reference toxicants used successfully in ring-tests and validation studies are: lindane, trifluralin, pentachlorophenol, cadmium chloride and potassium chloride (1)(2)(5)(6)(13).
Primeri referenčnih strupenih snovi, ki so bile uspešno uporabljene v krožnih preskusih in potrditvenih raziskavah, so: lindan, trifluralin, pentaklorofenol, kadmijev klorid in kalijev klorid (1) (2) (5) (6) (13).
the emergence in the controls must be at least 70 % at the end of the test. (1)(6);
preobrazba v kontrolnih posodah ob koncu preskusa mora biti vsaj 70-odstotna (1) (6),
C. riparius and C. yoshimatsui emergence to adults from control vessels should occur between 12 and 23 days after their insertion into the vessels; for C. tentans, a period of 20 to 65 days is necessary.
C. riparius in C. yoshimatsui v kontrolnih posodah se morajo v odrasle osebke preobraziti med 12. in 23. dnem po vnosu v posode; C. tentans potrebujejo 20 do 65 dni,
at the end of the test, pH and the dissolved oxygen concentration should be measured in each vessel.
ob koncu preskusa je treba v vsaki posodi izmeriti pH in koncentracijo raztopljenega kisika.
The oxygen concentration should be at least 60 per cent of the air saturation value (ASV) at the temperature used, and the pH of overlying water should be in the 6-9 range in all test vessels;
Koncentracija kisika mora biti vsaj 60 % nasičenosti zraka (ASV) pri uporabljeni temperaturi, pH vode nad usedlino pa mora biti v vseh preskusnih posodah med 6 in 9,
the water temperature should not differ by more than ± 1,0 °C. The water temperature could be controlled by isothermal room and in that case the room temperature should be confirmed in an appropriate time interval.
temperatura vode se ne sme razlikovati za več kot ± 1,0 °C; temperaturo vode bi bilo mogoče nadzorovati z izotermalnim prostorom; v takem primeru je treba temperaturo v prostoru potrjevati v ustreznih časovnih presledkih.
Test vessels
Preskusne posode
The study is conducted in glass 600 ml beakers measuring 8 cm in diameter.
Raziskava se izvaja v steklenih 600-mililitrskih čašah z 8-centimetrskim premerom.
Other vessels are suitable, but they should guarantee a suitable depth of overlying water and sediment.
Primerne so tudi druge posode, vendar morajo zagotavljati primerno globino usedline in vode nad njo.
The sediment surface should be sufficient to provide 2 to 3 cm2 per larvae.
Površina usedline mora biti dovolj velika, da zagotavlja 2 do 3 cm2 na ličinko.
The ratio of the depth of the sediment layer to the depth of the overlying water should be 1:4.
Razmerje med debelino usedline in globino vode nad njo mora biti 1 : 4.
Test vessels and other apparatus that will come into contact with the test system should be made entirely of glass or other chemically inert material (e.g. Teflon).
Preskusne posode in druge naprave, ki bodo prišle v stik s preskusnim sistemom, morajo biti v celoti iz stekla ali drugega kemijsko inertnega materiala (npr. teflona).
The species to be used in the test is preferably Chironomus riparius.
Če je mogoče, naj se v preskusu uporabi vrsta Chironomus riparius.
Chironomus tentans is also suitable but more difficult to handle and requires a longer test period.
Chironomus tentans je prav tako primerna, vendar je z njo težje delati in zahteva daljše preskusno obdobje.
Chironomus yohimatsui may also be used.
Uporabi se lahko tudi Chironomus yohimatsui.
Details of culture methods are given in Appendix 2 for Chironomus riparius.
Podrobnosti o metodah gojenja za Chironomus riparius so navedene v Dodatku 2.
Information on culture conditions is also available for other species, i.e. Chironomus tentans (4) and Chironomus yoshimatsui (11).
Informacije o pogojih gojenja so na voljo tudi za druge vrste, npr. Chironomus tentans (4) in Chironomus yoshimatsui (11).
Identification of species must be confirmed before testing but is not required prior to every test if organisms come from an in-house culture.
Identifikacijo vrst je treba potrditi pred preskusom, ni pa to potrebno pred vsakim preskusom, če organizmi prihajajo iz internega gojišča.
Sediment
Usedlina
Formulated sediment (also called reconstituted, artificial or synthetic sediment) should preferably be used.
Če je mogoče, je treba uporabiti formulirano usedlino (imenovano tudi rekonstituirana, umetna ali sintetična usedlina).
However, if natural sediment is used, it should be characterised (at least pH, organic carbon content, determination of other parameters such as C/N ratio and granulometry are also recommended), and it should be free from any contamination and other organisms that might compete with, or consume the chironomids.
Če se uporabi naravna usedlina, je treba določiti njene lastnosti (vsaj pH in vsebnost organskega ogljika, priporoča se tudi določitev drugih parametrov, kot sta razmerje C/N in granulometrija), poleg tega ne sme biti onesnažena in ne sme vsebovati drugih organizmov, ki bi lahko tekmovali s trzačami ali jih požrli.
It is also recommended that, before it is used in a chironomid toxicity test, the natural sediment be conditioned for seven days under the same conditions which prevail in the subsequent test.
Prav tako se priporoča, naj se naravna usedlina pred uporabo v preskusu strupenosti s trzačami 7 dni kondicionira v enakih pogojih, kakršni vladajo v poznejšem preskusu.
The following formulated sediment, based on the artificial soil used in Test Method C.8 (14), is recommended for use in this test (1)(15)(16):
Za uporabo v tem preskusu (1) (15) (16) se priporoča naslednja formulirana usedlina, ki temelji na umetni zemljini, uporabljeni v preskusni metodi C.8 (14):
4-5 % (dry weight) peat: as close to pH 5,5 to 6,0 as possible; it is important to use peat in powder form, finely ground (particle size ≤ 1 mm) and only air dried.
4–5 % (suhe teže) šote: čim bližje vrednosti pH 5,5 do 6,0; pomembno je uporabiti fino mleto šoto v prahu (velikost delcev ≤ 1 mm), sušeno samo na zraku;
20 % (dry weight) kaolin clay (kaolinite content preferably above 30 %).
20 % (suhe teže) kaolinske gline (vsebnost kaolinita po možnosti nad 30 %);
75-76 % (dry weight) quartz sand (fine sand should predominate with more than 50 per cent of the particles between 50 and 200 μm).
75–76 % (suhe teže) kremenovega peska (prevladovati mora fini pesek, pri katerem je več kot 50 % delcev velikih 50 do 200 μm);
Deionised water is added to obtain moisture content of the final mixture in a range of 30-50 %.
doda se deionizirana voda, tako da je v končni mešanici vsebnost vlage 30- do 50-odstotna;
Calcium carbonate of chemically pure quality (CaCO3) is added to adjust the pH of the final mixture of the sediment to 7,0 ± 0,5.
doda se kemijsko čist kalcijev karbonat (CaCO3), da se pH v končni mešanici usedline uravna na 7,0 ± 0,5.
Organic carbon content of the final mixture should be 2 % (± 0,5 %) and is to be adjusted by the use of appropriate amounts of peat and sand, according to (a) and (c).
vsebnost organskega ogljika v končni mešanici mora biti 2 % (± 0,5 %), uravnava pa se z ustreznimi količinami šote in peska v skladu s točkama (a) in (c).
The source of peat, kaolin clay and sand should be known.
Vir šote, kaolinske gline in peska mora biti znan.
The sediment components should be checked for the absence of chemical contamination (e.g. heavy metals, organochlorine compounds, organophosphorous compounds, etc.).
Preveriti je treba, da sestavine usedline niso kemično onesnažene (npr. da ne vsebujejo težkih kovin, organoklornih spojin, organofosfornih spojin itd.).
An example for the preparation of the formulated sediment is described in Appendix 3.
Primer priprave formulirane usedline je opisan v Dodatku 3.
Mixing of dry constituents is also acceptable if it is demonstrated that after addition of overlying water a separation of sediment constituents (e.g. floating of peat particles) does not occur, and that the peat or the sediment is sufficiently conditioned.
Sprejemljiva je tudi mešanica suhih sestavin, če se dokaže, da se sestavine usedline po dodatku vode nad usedlino ne začnejo ločevati (npr. lebdenje šotnih delcev) in da je šota ali usedlina zadostno kondicionirana.