natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Once the undisputed leader, Europe has fallen behind in the race to produce the very best cutting-edge science and has played a secondary role to the United States in the major post-war technological advances.
Evropa, nekoč nesporno v vodstvu, je v tekmi za najboljše vrhunske znanstvene dosežke zaostala in ima v primerjavi z Združenimi državami, kar zadeva pomembnejše tehnološke premike v povojnem obdobju, le stransko vlogo.
Although the Union remains the largest producer of scientific publications in the world, the United States produces twice as many of the most influential papers (the top 1 % by citation count).
Čeprav največ znanstvenih publikacij na svetu še vedno objavi Unija, pa v Združenih državah nastane dvakrat več najvplivnejših publikacij (zgornji 1 % najpogosteje citiranih).
Similarly, international university rankings show that US universities dominate the top places.
Podobno mednarodna razvrstitev univerz kaže, da na najvišjih mestih prevladujejo univerze iz ZDA.
In addition, 70 % of the world's Nobel Prize winners are based in the United States.
Poleg tega 70 % dobitnikov Nobelove nagrade prihaja iz Združenih držav.
One part of the challenge is that while Europe and the United States invest similar amounts in their public-sector science bases, the Union has nearly three times as many public-sector researchers, resulting in significantly lower investment per researcher.
En vidik izziva je dejstvo, da Evropa in Združene države sicer vlagata podobne zneske v znanstveno bazo svojega javnega sektorja, vendar ima Unija v javnem sektorju skoraj trikrat več raziskovalcev, zaradi česar so naložbe na raziskovalca znatno nižje.
Moreover, US funding is more selective about allocating resources to the leading researchers.
Poleg tega so ZDA pri dodeljevanju sredstev vodilnim raziskovalcem bolj selektivne.
This helps to explain why the Union's public-sector researchers are, on average, less productive and, altogether, make less combined scientific impact than their far less numerous US counterparts.
To pojasni, zakaj so raziskovalci javnega sektorja v Uniji v poprečju manj produktivni in so skupaj znanstveno manj vplivni kot njihovi precej manj številni kolegi v ZDA.
Another major part of the challenge is that in many European countries the public and private sector still does not offer sufficiently attractive conditions for the best researchers.
Drugi pomembnejši vidik izziva je ta, da javni in zasebni sektor v številnih evropskih državah najboljšim raziskovalcem še vedno ne nudi dovolj privlačnih pogojev.
It can take many years before talented young researchers are able to become independent scientists in their own right.
Nadarjeni raziskovalci šele po več letih postanejo povsem neodvisni znanstveniki. Zaradi tega prihaja do precejšnjega tratenja raziskovalnega potenciala Evrope:
This leads to a dramatic waste of Europe's research potential by delaying and in some cases even inhibiting the emergence of the next generation of researchers, who bring new ideas and energy, and by enticing excellent researchers starting their career to seek advancement elsewhere.
s prihodom raziskovalcev naslednje generacije, ki naj bi prinesli nove zamisli in energijo, se zavlačuje in v nekaterih primerih je njihov prihod celo oviran, odlični raziskovalci na začetku poklicne poti pa so napeljani k temu, da možnosti za napredovanje iščejo drugod.
Furthermore, these factors compound Europe's relative unattractiveness in the global competition for scientific talent.
Nadalje ti dejavniki prispevajo k temu, da je Evropa v globalni tekmi za nadarjene znanstvenike precej nezanimiva.
Rationale and Union added value
Utemeljitev in dodana vrednost Unije
The ERC was created to provide Europe's best researchers, both women and men, with the resources they need to allow them to compete better at global level, by funding individual teams on the basis of pan-European competition.
ERC je bil ustanovljen, da bi s financiranjem posameznih skupin na podlagi vseevropske konkurence najboljšim evropskim raziskovalcem, tako moškim kot ženskam, zagotovil sredstva, ki jih potrebujejo za večjo konkurenčnost na svetovni ravni.
It operates autonomously:
Deluje samostojno:
an independent Scientific Council made up of scientists, engineers and scholars of the highest repute and expertise, of both women and men in different age groups, establishes the overall scientific strategy and has full authority over decisions on the type of research to be funded.
je neodvisen znanstveni svet, ki ga sestavljajo najuglednejši in najbolj strokovno usposobljeni znanstveniki, inženirji in učenjaki obeh spolov in različnih starostnih skupin, ki pripravi splošno znanstveno strategijo in je v celoti pristojen za sprejemanje odločitev o vrsti raziskav, ki se bodo financirale.
These are essential features of the ERC, guaranteeing the effectiveness of its scientific programme, the quality of its operations and peer-review process and its credibility in the scientific community.
To so temeljne značilnosti ERC, ki zagotavljajo učinkovitost njegovega znanstvenega programa, kakovost njegovih dejavnosti in postopka za strokovno ocenjevanje ter njegovo verodostojnost v znanstveni skupnosti.
Operating across Europe on a competitive basis, the ERC is able to draw on a wider pool of talents and ideas than would be possible for any national scheme.
ERC ima s svojim vseevropskim konkurenčnim delovanjem na voljo več nadarjenih strokovnjakov in več zamisli kot katera koli nacionalna shema.
The best researchers and the best ideas compete against each other.
Najboljši raziskovalci in najboljše zamisli tekmujejo med sabo.
Applicants know they have to perform at the highest level, the reward being flexible funding on a level playing field, irrespective of local bottlenecks or the availability of national funding.
Kandidati vedo, da se morajo zares izkazati, saj je nagrada prožno financiranje pod enakimi konkurenčnimi pogoji, ne glede na ozka grla na lokalni ravni ali razpoložljivost nacionalnih sredstev.
Frontier research funded by the ERC is thereby expected to have a substantial direct impact in the form of advances at the frontiers of knowledge, opening the way to new and often unexpected scientific and technological results and new areas for research which, ultimately, can generate the radically new ideas which will drive innovation and business inventiveness and tackle societal challenges.
Od raziskav na novih področjih, ki jih financira ERC, se zato pričakuje, da bodo imele precejšen neposreden učinek v smislu premikanja meja znanosti in omogočile ustvarjanje novih in pogosto nepričakovanih znanstvenih in tehnoloških rezultatov ter novih področij za raziskave, zaradi česar se lahko navsezadnje rodijo radikalno nove zamisli, ki bodo spodbujale inovacije in podjetniško iznajdljivost ter se učinkovito spoprijemale z družbenimi izzivi.
This combination of excellent individual scientists with innovative ideas underpins every stage of the innovation chain.
Na tej kombinaciji posameznih odličnih znanstvenikov in inovativnih zamisli temelji vsaka faza v inovacijski verigi.
Beyond this, the ERC has a significant structural impact by generating a powerful stimulus for driving up the quality of the European research system, over and above the researchers and projects which the ERC funds directly.
ERC ima znaten strukturni vpliv, saj ustvarja močno spodbudo za povečanje kakovosti evropskega raziskovalnega sistema, ki presega raziskovalce in projekte, ki jih ERS financira neposredno.
ERC-funded projects and researchers set a clear and inspirational target for frontier research in Europe, raise its profile and make it more attractive for the best researchers at global level.
Projekti in raziskovalci, ki jih financira ERC, postavljajo jasen in navdihujoč cilj za raziskave na novih področjih v Evropi, ki so zaradi njih bolj razpoznavne in za najboljše raziskovalce na svetovni ravni tudi privlačnejše.
The prestige of hosting ERC grant-holders and the accompanying 'stamp of excellence' are intensifying competition between Europe's universities and other research organisations to offer the most attractive conditions for top researchers.
Prestiž gostovanja dobitnikov nepovratnih sredstev ERC in "pečat odličnosti", ki to gostovanje spremlja, krepita konkurenco med evropskimi univerzami in drugimi raziskovalnimi organizacijami, ki tekmujejo, katera bo vrhunskim raziskovalcem ponudila čim bolj privlačne pogoje.
And the ability of national systems and individual research institutions to attract and host ERC grant-winners sets a benchmark allowing them to assess their relative strengths and weaknesses and reform their policies and practices accordingly.
Zmožnost nacionalnih sistemov in posameznih raziskovalnih institucij, da privabijo in gostijo dobitnike nepovratnih sredstev ERC, pomeni standard, s pomočjo katerega se lahko ocenijo prednosti in slabosti teh sistemov in institucij ter ustrezno preoblikujejo njihove politike in prakse.
ERC funding is therefore in addition to ongoing efforts at Union, national and regional level to reform, build capacity and unlock the full potential and attractiveness of the European research system.
Sredstva ERC so torej dopolnilo prizadevanjem na ravni Unije ter nacionalni in regionalni ravni za reformo evropskega raziskovalnega sistema, krepitev njegovih zmogljivosti ter polno izrabo njegovega potenciala in privlačnosti.
Broad lines of the activities
Splošne smernice dejavnosti
The fundamental activity of the ERC shall be to provide attractive long-term funding to support excellent investigators and their research teams to pursue ground-breaking, high-gain/high-risk research.
Temeljna dejavnost ERC je zagotavljanje privlačnega dolgoročnega financiranja, ki bo odlične raziskovalce in njihove ekipe podpiralo pri izvajanju prelomnih raziskav, ki sicer prinašajo velike koristi, a so zelo tvegane.
ERC funding shall be awarded in accordance with the following well-established principles.
Sredstva ERC se dodelijo v skladu z naslednjimi uveljavljenimi načeli.
Scientific excellence shall be the sole criterion on which ERC grants are awarded.
Znanstvena odličnost je edino merilo, na podlagi katerega se dodelijo nepovratna sredstva ERC.
The ERC shall operate on a 'bottom-up' basis without predetermined priorities.
ERC deluje po načelu "od spodaj navzgor" brez vnaprej določenih prednostnih nalog.
The ERC grants shall be open to individual teams of researchers of any age, gender, and from any country in the world, working in Europe.
Nepovratna sredstva ERC so na voljo posameznim ekipam raziskovalcev, ki delajo v Evropi, ne glede na njihovo starost, spol in državljanstvo.
The ERC shall aim to foster healthy competition across Europe based on robust, transparent and impartial evaluation procedures which address, in particular, potential gender bias.
ERC je usmerjen v spodbujanje zdrave konkurence po vsej Evropi, temelječe na trdnih, preglednih in nepristranskih postopkih ocenjevanja, ki se lotevajo zlasti morebitnega problema razlikovanja na podlagi spola.
The ERC shall give particular priority to assisting the best starting researchers with excellent ideas to make the transition to independence by providing adequate support at the critical stage when they are setting up or consolidating their own research team or programme.
ERC posebno prednost daje pomoči najboljšim mladim raziskovalcem z odličnimi zamislimi, in sicer jim v kritični fazi, ko ustanavljajo ali utrjujejo svojo lastno raziskovalno ekipo ali program, zagotovi ustrezno podporo, da postanejo samostojni.
The ERC will also continue to provide appropriate levels of support for established researchers.
Obenem bodo v okviru ERC še naprej zagotovljene ustrezne stopnje podpore za uveljavljene raziskovalce.
The ERC shall also give support, as necessary, to new ways of working in the scientific world with the potential to create breakthrough results and to facilitate exploration of the commercial and social innovation potential of the research which it funds.
ERC po potrebi podpira tudi nove načine dela v znanstvenih krogih, pri katerih obstaja možnost za ustvarjanje prelomnih rezultatov, in spodbuja preučevanje tržnega in družbenega inovacijskega potenciala raziskave, ki jo financira.
By 2020, the ERC shall therefore aim to demonstrate that the best researchers are participating in the ERC's competitions, that ERC funding has led to scientific publications of the highest quality and to research results with high societal and economic potential impact, and that the ERC has contributed significantly to making Europe a more attractive environment for the world's best scientists.
Zato je cilj ERC do leta 2020 dokazati, da pri njegovih natečajih dejansko sodelujejo najboljši raziskovalci, da je njegovo financiranje pripomoglo k znanstvenim publikacijam najvišje kakovosti ter k raziskovalnim rezultatom z močnim potencialnim družbenim in gospodarskim vplivom ter da je znatno prispeval k temu, da je Evropa postala bolj privlačna za najboljše znanstvenike na svetu.
In particular, the ERC shall target a measurable improvement in the Union's share of the world's top 1 % most highly cited publications.
Zlasti je ERC usmerjen v to, da se znatno poveča delež Unije v zgornjem 1 % najpogosteje citiranih publikacij na svetu.
In addition it shall aim at a substantial increase in the number of excellent researchers from outside Europe whom it funds.
Usmerjen je tudi v to, da se bistveno poveča število odličnih raziskovalcev, ki prihajajo iz držav zunaj Evrope in ki jih financira.
The ERC shall share experience and best practices with regional and national research funding agencies in order to promote the support of excellent researchers.
ERC izmenjuje izkušnje in najboljše prakse z regionalnimi in nacionalnimi agencijami za financiranje raziskav, da bi spodbujal podporo odličnih raziskovalcev.
In addition, the ERC shall further raise the visibility of its programmes.
Poleg tega ERC skrbi za to, da so njegovi programi še bolj prepoznavni.
The ERC's Scientific Council shall continuously monitor the ERC's operations and evaluation procedures and consider how best to achieve its objectives by means of grant schemes that emphasise effectiveness, clarity, stability and simplicity, both for applicants and in their implementation and management, and, as necessary, to respond to emerging needs.
Znanstveni svet ERC nenehno spremlja delovanje in postopke ocenjevanja ERC ter preučuje, kako bi lahko s shemami za nepovratna sredstva, ki poudarjajo učinkovitost, jasnost, stabilnost in preprostost – tako z vidika kandidatov kot z vidika izvajanja in upravljanja –, najbolje dosegli cilje ECR ter se po potrebi odzvali na nove potrebe.
It shall endeavour to sustain and further refine the ERC's world-class peer-review system which is based on fully transparent, fair and impartial treatment of proposals so that it can identify ground-breaking scientific excellence, breakthrough ideas and talent regardless of a researcher's gender, nationality, institution or age.
Prizadeva si, da bi ohranil in še izboljšal prvovrstni sistem strokovnega ocenjevanja, ki ga je vzpostavil ERC in temelji na popolnoma pregledni, pošteni in nepristranski obravnavi predlogov, zato da bi lahko izluščil prelomno znanstveno odličnost, revolucionarne zamisli in nadarjenost ne glede na spol, nacionalnost, institucijo ali starost raziskovalca.
Finally, the ERC shall continue conducting its own strategic studies to prepare for and support its activities, maintain close contacts with the scientific community, the regional and national funding agencies and other stakeholders and aim to make its activities complement research conducted at other levels.
Obenem bo ERC tudi v prihodnje izvajal lastne strateške študije, da bi se pripravil na svoje dejavnosti in jih podprl, ohranjal bo tesne stike z znanstveno skupnostjo, regionalnimi in nacionalnimi agencijami za financiranje in drugimi zainteresiranimi stranmi ter si prizadeval, da bodo njegove dejavnosti dopolnjevale raziskave na drugih ravneh.
The ERC will ensure transparency in communication about its activities and results to the scientific community and the general public and maintain updated data from funded projects.
ERC bo zagotovil preglednost pri sporočanju informacij o svojih dejavnostih in rezultatov znanstveni skupnosti in splošni javnosti ter hranil posodobljene podatke o financiranih projektih.
The specific objective is to foster radically new technologies with the potential to open new fields for scientific knowledge and technologies and contribute to the European next generation industries, by exploring novel and high-risk ideas building on scientific foundations.
Posebni cilj je spodbujanje povsem novih tehnologij, ki bi lahko ustvarile možnost za nove discipline na področju znanstvenih spoznanj in tehnologij ter prispevale k evropskim gospodarskim panogam naslednje generacije, in sicer z raziskovanjem izvirnih, na znanstveni podlagi slonečih zamisli z visokim tveganjem.
By providing flexible support to goal-oriented and interdisciplinary collaborative research on various scales and by adopting innovative research practices, the aim is to identify and seize opportunities of long-term benefit for citizens, the economy and society.
Namen je z zagotavljanjem prožne podpore – v različnem obsegu – ciljno usmerjenemu in interdisciplinarnemu skupnemu raziskovanju in s sprejetjem inovativnih raziskovalnih praks poiskati in izrabiti priložnosti, ki bodo imele dolgoročne koristi za državljane, gospodarstvo in družbo.
FET will bring Union added value to the frontiers of modern research.
FET bodo novim področjem v okviru sodobnih raziskav prinesle dodano vrednost Unije.
FET shall promote research and technology beyond what is known, accepted or widely adopted and shall foster novel and visionary thinking to open promising paths towards powerful new technologies, some of which could develop into leading technological and intellectual paradigms for the decades ahead.
FET spodbujajo raziskovanje in tehnologijo, ki presegata tisto, kar je znano, uveljavljeno in splošno sprejeto, ter podpirajo izvirno in vizionarsko razmišljanje, da bi se odprle možnosti za zmogljive nove tehnologije, iz katerih bi se lahko razvile vodilne tehnološke in intelektualne paradigme za naslednja desetletja.
FET shall foster efforts to pursue small-scale research opportunities across all areas, including emerging themes and grand scientific and technological challenges that require close collaboration between programmes across Europe and beyond.
FET spodbujajo prizadevanja za iskanje raziskovalnih priložnosti majhnega obsega na vseh področjih, vključno z novimi temami ter velikimi znanstvenimi in tehnološkimi izzivi, pri katerih je potrebno tesno sodelovanje med programi po vsej Evropi in zunaj nje.
This approach shall be driven by excellence and extends to exploring pre-competitive ideas for shaping the future of technology, enabling society and industry to benefit from multi-disciplinary research collaboration that needs to be engaged at European level by making the link between research driven by science and research driven by societal goals and challenges or by industrial competitiveness.
Ta pristop temelji na odličnosti in zajema raziskovanje predkonkurenčnih zamisli za oblikovanje prihodnosti tehnologije, družbi in industriji pa omogoča, da imata korist od interdisciplinarnega sodelovanja na področju raziskav, ki ga je treba vzpostaviti na ravni EU, in sicer z ustvarjanjem povezave med znanstveno naravnanimi raziskavami in raziskavami, ki temeljijo na družbenih ciljih in izzivih ali na konkurenčnosti industrije.
Radical breakthroughs with a transformative impact increasingly rely on intense collaboration across disciplines in science and technology (for instance, information and communication, biology, bioengineering and robotics, chemistry, physics, mathematics, medicine modelling, Earth system sciences, material sciences, neuro- and cognitive sciences, social sciences or economics) and with the arts, behavioural sciences and humanities.
Radikalne prodorne rešitve s transformativnim učinkom so vedno bolj odvisne od tesnega sodelovanja med področji znanosti in tehnologije (na primer informacijskimi in komunikacijskimi tehnologijami, biologijo, bioinženiringom in robotiko, kemijo, fiziko, matematiko, modeliranjem v medicini, vedami o zemeljskem sistemu, vedami o materialih, nevro- in kognitivnimi znanostmi, družbenimi vedami ali ekonomijo) ter z umetnostjo, behaviorizmom in humanistiko.
This may require not only excellence in science and technology but also new attitudes and novel interactions between a broad range of players in research.
Za to pa sta poleg odličnosti na področju znanosti in tehnologije morda potrebna tudi nov odnos in povsem novo sodelovanje med zelo različnimi akterji na področju raziskav.
While some ideas can be developed on a small scale, others may be so challenging that they require a large collaborative effort over a substantial period of time.
Medtem ko se lahko nekatere zamisli razvijejo v majhnem obsegu, lahko druge pomenijo tako velik izziv, da so za njihov razvoj potrebna obširna skupna prizadevanja preko daljšega časovnega obdobja.
Major economies worldwide have recognised this, and there is growing global competition to identify and pursue emerging technological opportunities at the frontier of science which can generate a considerable impact on innovation and benefits for society.
To so spoznala vsa velika gospodarstva, zato pa je svetovna konkurenca v zvezi z iskanjem novih tehnoloških priložnosti na področju znanosti, ki bi utegnile imeti precejšen učinek na inovacije in znatno koristiti družbi, ter z razvojem takšnih priložnosti vedno ostrejša.
To be effective, these types of activities may need to be built up quickly to a large scale by a common European effort around common goals to build critical mass, foster synergies and obtain optimal leveraging effects.
Da bi bile tovrstne dejavnosti učinkovite, bi jih morda morali vzpostaviti hitro, v velikem obsegu in na podlagi skupnega evropskega prizadevanja za skupne cilje, da bi ustvarili kritično maso, spodbujali sinergije in zagotovili kar najboljše učinke vzvoda.
These three levels of engagement each have their own specific value, while being complementary and synergistic.
Vsaka od teh treh ravni ima svojo posebno vrednost, obenem pa se dopolnjuje in je v sinergiji z ostalima. Na primer:
For example, small-scale explorations can reveal needs for developing new themes that can lead to large-scale action based on appropriate roadmaps.
raziskave v majhnem obsegu lahko razkrijejo potrebo po razvoju novih tem, kar lahko vodi v ukrepanje velikega obsega, temelječe na ustreznih časovnih načrtih.
They may involve a wide range of research players, including young researchers and research-intensive SMEs, and stakeholder communities (civil society, policymakers, industry and public researchers), clustered around evolving research agendas as they take shape, mature and diversify.
Vključujejo lahko številne akterje na področju raziskav, vključno z mladimi raziskovalci in raziskovalno intenzivnimi MSP, in skupnosti zainteresiranih strani (civilne družbe, oblikovalce politike, industrijo in javne raziskovalce), ki so osredotočeni na razvijajoče se raziskovalne načrte, medtem ko ti nastajajo, zorijo in se širijo.
Broad lines of activities
Splošne smernice dejavnosti
While FET aims to be visionary, transformative and unconventional, its activities shall follow different logics, from completely open to varying degrees of structuring of topics, communities and funding.
Medtem so FET vizionarske, transformativne in nekonvencionalne, sledijo njegove dejavnosti različnim logikam – od popolne odprtosti do različnih stopenj oblikovanja tem, skupnosti in financiranja.
The activities shall give firmer shape to different logics for action, on the appropriate scale, identifying and seizing opportunities of long-term benefit for citizens, the economy and society:
Dejavnosti dajejo trdnejšo obliko različnim logikam ukrepanja v primernem obsegu, pri čemer opredeljujejo in izkoriščajo priložnosti za dolgoročno korist za državljane, gospodarstvo in družbo: