natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
According to the scientific opinion of the Contam Panel, the food groups that contribute to the major part of the dietary cadmium exposure, primarily because of the high consumption, were: cereals and cereals products, vegetables, nuts and pulses, starchy roots or potatoes and meat and meat products.
Glede na znanstveno mnenje odbora Contam so skupine živil, ki največ prispevajo k prehranski izpostavljenosti kadmiju, zlasti zaradi velike porabe, naslednje: žita in žitni proizvodi, zelenjava, oreški in zrna stročnic, škrobaste korenovke ali krompir ter meso in mesni proizvodi.
Highest cadmium concentrations were detected in the food commodities seaweed, fish and seafood, chocolate and foods for special dietary uses as well as in fungi, oilseeds and edible offal.
Najvišje koncentracije kadmija so bile ugotovljene v živilih iz morskih alg, rib in morskih sadežev, čokoladi, živilih za posebne prehranske namene ter gobah, oljnicah in užitni drobovini.
Maximum levels for cadmium have been established in 2001 in a range of foodstuffs, including cereals, vegetables, meat, fish, seafood, offals and food supplements.
Leta 2001 so bile določene mejne vrednosti za kadmij v številnih živilih, vključno z žiti, zelenjavo, mesom, ribami, morskimi sadeži, drobovino in prehranskimi dopolnili.
Taking into consideration the recent EFSA conclusions, new maximum levels for baby foods and chocolate/cocoa products have been considered and it is expected that these levels will be adopted shortly.
Ob upoštevanju zadnjih sklepov EFSA so bile proučene nove mejne vrednosti za otroško hrano in čokolado/kakavove proizvode in pričakuje se, da bodo te vrednosti v kratkem sprejete.
Furthermore, following the scientific opinions on cadmium of the Contam Panel, the Commission also investigated the possibilities to reduce some of the existing maximum levels for cadmium in foodstuffs that are major contributors to exposure (e.g. cereals, vegetables, potatoes).
Poleg tega je Komisija na podlagi znanstvenih mnenj odbora Contam o kadmiju proučila tudi možnosti za zmanjšanje nekaterih obstoječih mejnih vrednosti za kadmij v živilih, ki pomembno prispevajo k izpostavljenosti (npr. žita, zelenjava, krompir).
The Commission considers that an immediate reduction of the maximum levels would be difficult to achieve.
Komisija meni, da bi bilo težko doseči takojšnje zmanjšanje mejnih vrednosti.
Cadmium presence in foodstuffs is not uniform, but highly variable depending for instance on the geographical location of the growing area (different levels of natural cadmium presence in soil due to different distribution in the earth crust), on the availability of cadmium from soil (different extent of transfer from the soil to the plants depending on the pH of the soil and other soil components), different plant varieties with different patterns of cadmium accumulation, but also of anthropogenic factors such as agricultural use of sewage sludge, manure or phosphate fertilisers and other factors.
Prisotnost kadmija v živilih ni enotna, temveč zelo spremenljiva med drugim glede na geografsko lokacijo pridelovalnega območja (različne stopnje naravne prisotnosti kadmija v tleh zaradi različne razporeditve v zemeljski skorji), razpoložljivost kadmija v tleh (različne stopnje prenosa iz tal v rastline, odvisne od pH vrednosti tal in drugih sestavnih delov tal), različne vrste rastlin z različnimi vzorci zadrževanja kadmija, pa tudi antropogenih dejavnikov, kot so kmetijska uporaba blata iz čistilnih naprav, gnoja ali fosfatnih gnojil, ter drugih dejavnikov.
Concerning the presence of cadmium in phosphate fertilisers, on which work is ongoing, the Commission is aware of the need to take action in accordance with its risk reduction strategy for cadmium and cadmium oxide adopted in 2008 [5].
Komisija se zaveda, da je treba sprejeti ukrepe glede prisotnosti kadmija v fosfatnih gnojilih, ki se še proučuje, v skladu s strategijo za zmanjšanje tveganja za kadmij in kadmijev oksid, ki je bila sprejeta leta 2008 [5].
However, some mitigation methods for reduction of cadmium presence in foods already exist but need some time to be fully implemented by farmers and food business operators.
Nekatere metode za zmanjšanje prisotnosti kadmija v živilih sicer že obstajajo, vendar je potrebno nekaj časa, da jih kmetje in nosilci živilskih dejavnosti začnejo v celoti izvajati.
In some cases existing methods need to be specifically adapted to the crops and geographical areas for which they are to be applied and to be better communicated and promoted to farmers in order to achieve reductions in cadmium levels in food in the medium/long term.
V nekaterih primerih je treba obstoječe metode posebej prilagoditi kmetijskim rastlinam in geografskim območjem, za katera naj bi se uporabljale, ter jih bolje predstaviti in oglaševati kmetom za srednjeročno/dolgoročno doseganje zmanjšanja vrednosti kadmija v živilih.
It is therefore appropriate that Member States take the necessary steps to ensure that the already available mitigation methods are communicated and promoted to farmers and started or continued to be implemented with a view to reducing cadmium levels in food.
Zato je primerno, da države članice sprejmejo potrebne ukrepe za zagotovitev, da se že razpoložljive metode za zmanjšanje prisotnosti predstavijo in oglašujejo kmetom ter začnejo ali nadaljujejo izvajati z namenom zmanjšanja vrednosti kadmija v živilih.
Where necessary, further research and investigations should be carried out to fill any possible gaps in knowledge on mitigation methods.
Po potrebi bi bilo treba izvajati nadaljnje raziskave in preiskave, da se zapolnijo morebitne vrzeli v znanju o metodah za zmanjšanje prisotnosti.
The progress of the effects of the measures taken should be regularly monitored and reported to the Commission.
Napredek, ki je posledica sprejetih ukrepov, bi bilo treba redno spremljati in o njem poročati Komisiji.
Further occurrence data on cadmium should be collected and regularly reported to EFSA to enable the Commission to reassess the situation by 31 December 2018 with a view to deciding about further appropriate measures.
Nadaljnje podatke o prisotnosti kadmija bi bilo treba zbirati in o njih redno poročati agenciji EFSA, da bi Komisija lahko ponovno ocenila stanje do 31. decembra 2018 z namenom odločanja o nadaljnjih ustreznih ukrepih –
Member States should ensure that available mitigation measures for reduction of cadmium levels in food, in particular in cereals, vegetables and potatoes, are progressively implemented by farmers and food business operators.
Države članice bi morale zagotoviti, da kmetje in nosilci živilskih dejavnosti postopoma izvajajo razpoložljive ukrepe za zmanjševanje vsebnosti kadmija v živilih, zlasti za žita, zelenjavo in krompir.
This includes effective ways of communicating and promoting known mitigation methods to farmers and food business operators.
To vključuje učinkovite načine predstavljanja in oglaševanja znanih metod za zmanjšanje prisotnosti kmetom in nosilcem živilskih dejavnosti.
Member States should ensure that where further knowledge is needed to identify the appropriate mitigation measures, e.g. for a certain crop or in a specific geographical area, investigations/research is carried out to fill these gaps in knowledge.
V primeru potrebe po dodatnih znanjih za določitev ustreznih ukrepov za zmanjšanje prisotnosti, npr. za določeno kmetijsko rastlino ali na določenem geografskem območju, bi države članice morale zagotoviti, da se izvedejo preiskave/raziskave za zapolnitev teh vrzeli v znanju.
Member States should regularly monitor the progress of the mitigation measures implemented by collecting occurrence data on cadmium levels in food.
Države članice bi morale redno spremljati napredek izvedenih ukrepov za zmanjšanje prisotnosti z zbiranjem podatkov o prisotnosti kadmija v živilih.
Member States should ensure that
Države članice bi morale zagotoviti, da:
the analytical results are provided on a regular basis to EFSA for compilation into a single database and that
se analitični rezultati redno pošiljajo agenciji EFSA za vključitev v enotno podatkovno zbirko in da
In these reports, particular attention should be given to those cadmium levels close to or exceeding the maximum levels.
V Bruslju, 4. aprila 2014
The sampling and analysis should be performed in accordance with the provisions provided for in Commission Regulation (EC) No 333/2007 of 28 March 2007 laying down methods of sampling and analysis for the official control of the levels of lead, cadmium, mercury, inorganic tin, 3-MCPD and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in foodstuffs [6].
Za Komisijo
Done at Brussels, 4 April 2014.
Član Komisije
For the Commission
UL L 364, 20.12.2006, str.
OJ L 364, 20.12.2006, p.
The EFSA Journal (2009) 980, str.
5.
1–139.
The EFSA Journal (2009) 980, 1-139.
The EFSA Journal (2011); 9(2): 1975.
The EFSA Journal (2011);9(2):1975.
Vrsta živilskih dodatkov WHO 64, 73. seja Skupnega strokovnega odbora FAO/WHO za aditive v živilih (JECFA), Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija, Ženeva, 2011.
WHO Food Additives Series 64, 73rd meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), World Health Organisation, Geneva, 2011.
Sporočilo Komisije o rezultatih ocene tveganja in strategijah za zmanjšanje tveganja za snovi: kadmij in kadmijev oksid (UL C 149, 14.6.2008, str.
OJ L 88, 29.3.2007, p.
UL L 88, 29.3.2007, str.
on the quality of corporate governance reporting (‘comply or explain’)
o kakovosti poročanja o upravljanju podjetja („upoštevaj ali pojasni“)
An effective corporate governance framework is of key importance to society, as well-run companies are likely to be more competitive and more sustainable in the long term.
Učinkovit okvir za upravljanje podjetij je za družbo ključnega pomena, saj bodo dobro vodena podjetja dolgoročno verjetno konkurenčnejša in bolj trajnostna.
Good corporate governance is first and foremost the responsibility of the company concerned, and rules at European and national level are in place to ensure that certain standards are respected.
Dobro upravljanje podjetja je prva in najpomembnejša odgovornost zadevnega podjetja, upoštevanje določenih standardov pa zagotavljajo pravila na evropski in nacionalni ravni.
These include legislation and soft law, namely national corporate governance codes.
Ti vključujejo zakonodajo in mehko pravo v obliki nacionalnih kodeksov o upravljanju podjetij.
Corporate governance codes aim to establish principles for good corporate governance in listed companies in Europe based on transparency, accountability and a long-term perspective.
Cilj kodeksov o upravljanju podjetij je na podlagi preglednosti, odgovornosti in dolgoročne perspektive določiti načela za dobro upravljanje evropskih podjetij, ki kotirajo na borzi.
They provide standards and best practice for companies, enabling them to perform better and therefore contribute to fostering growth, stability and long-term investment.
Kodeksi vključujejo standarde in dobro prakso za podjetja, ki jim omogočajo, da uspešneje poslujejo in tako prispevajo k spodbujanju rasti, stabilnosti in dolgoročnih naložb.
Directive 2013/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on the annual financial statements, consolidated financial statements and related reports of certain types of undertakings [1] requires companies to include a corporate governance statement in their management report if their transferable securities are admitted to trading on a regulated market of any Member State within the meaning of Article 4(1)(14) of Directive 2004/39/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 on markets in financial instruments [2].
Direktiva 2013/34/EU Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 26. junija 2013 o letnih računovodskih izkazih, konsolidiranih računovodskih izkazih in povezanih poročilih nekaterih vrst podjetij [1] od podjetij zahteva, da v svoje poslovno poročilo vključijo izjavo o upravljanju podjetja, če so bili njihovi prenosljivi vrednostni papirji sprejeti v trgovanje na reguliranem trgu katere koli države članice v smislu člena 4(1)(14) Direktive 2004/39/ES Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 21. aprila 2004 o trgih finančnih instrumentov [2].
The corporate governance statement should provide essential information on the corporate governance arrangements of the company, such as information relating to the relevant corporate governance code(s) applied by that company, the internal control and risk management systems, the shareholder meeting and its powers, shareholders' rights, administrative, management and supervisory bodies and their committees.
Izjava o upravljanju podjetja bi morala zagotoviti bistvene informacije o ureditvi upravljanja podjetja, kot so informacije v zvezi z zadevnimi kodeksi o upravljanju podjetij, ki jih uporablja navedeno podjetje, sistemi notranje kontrole in upravljanja tveganj, skupščino delničarjev in njenimi pristojnostmi, pravicami delničarjev, upravnimi, poslovodnimi in nadzornimi organi ter njihovimi odbori.
It also gives investors more confidence in the companies they invest in.
Načelo „upoštevaj ali pojasni“, določeno v členu 20 Direktive 2013/34/EU, je ključna značilnost evropskega upravljanja podjetij.
Increased transparency to the market can also bring, more generally, reputational benefits for companies and more legitimacy in the eyes of stakeholders and society as a whole.
V skladu s tem načelom morajo podjetja, ki odstopajo od zadevnega kodeksa o upravljanju podjetja, v svoji izjavi o upravljanju pojasniti, od katerega dela kodeksa odstopajo in razloge za odstopanje.
The ‘comply or explain’ principle laid down in Article 20 of Directive 2013/34/EU is a key feature of European corporate governance.
Čeprav lahko upoštevanje kodeksa v celoti pomeni pozitiven signal trgu, z vidika upravljanja podjetij ne pomeni vedno najboljše možnosti.
According to this principle, companies that depart from the relevant corporate governance code are required to explain in their corporate governance statement which parts of the code they depart from and the reasons for doing so.
Odstopanja od določb v kodeksu bi lahko v nekaterih primerih omogočilo podjetju bolj učinkovito upravljanje.
While full compliance with a code can send a positive message to the market, it may not always be the best approach for a company from a corporate governance perspective.
Pristop „upoštevaj ali pojasni“ podjetjem prinaša prožnost, saj jim omogoča, da prilagodijo svoje upravljanje glede na velikost, delniško strukturo ali sektorske posebnosti.
Departing from a provision in the code could in some cases allow a company to govern itself more effectively.
Hkrati podpira kulturo odgovornosti, saj spodbuja podjetja, da bolj razmislijo o ureditvah upravljanja.
The ‘comply or explain’ approach provides companies with flexibility by allowing them to adapt their corporate governance to their size, shareholding structure or sectoral specificities.
Podjetja, vlagatelji in regulativni organi široko podpirajo načelo „upoštevaj ali pojasni“ kot ustrezno orodje pri upravljanju podjetij.
At the same time, it promotes a culture of accountability, encouraging companies to reflect more on corporate governance arrangements.
Vendar se v skladu z navedbami Zelene knjige iz leta 2011 o okviru EU za upravljanje podjetij [3] zdi, da prihaja do pomanjkljivosti pri uporabi načela v praksi, zlasti glede kakovosti pojasnil, ki jih predložijo podjetja v primeru odstopanja od kodeksov o upravljanju podjetij.
The ‘comply or explain’ principle is widely supported by companies, investors and regulators as an appropriate tool in corporate governance.
V zvezi s tem se je velika večina zainteresiranih strani v odzivih na zeleno knjigo strinjala, da naj se od podjetij zahteva boljša kakovost pojasnil v primeru odstopanj.
Yet, as mentioned in the 2011 Green Paper on the EU corporate governance framework [3], it appears that there are some shortcomings in the way the principle is applied in practice, in particular as regards the quality of explanations provided by companies when departing from corporate governance codes.
Glede na najnovejše dokaze, ki jih je zbrala Komisija, je bilo na tem področju opaženo postopno izboljšanje.
In this respect, a large majority of respondents to the Green Paper were in favour of requiring companies to provide better quality explanations in case of departures.
Več držav članic je na primer začelo razprave ali izdalo smernice o kakovosti pojasnil.
According to more recent evidence gathered by the Commission, there has been gradual improvement in this area.
Vendar so možne še dodatne izboljšave.
Several Member States have, for instance, initiated discussions or issued guidelines on the quality of explanations.
Evropski parlament je v svoji resoluciji z dne 29. marca 2012 [4] menil, da je pristop „upoštevaj ali pojasni“ uporabno orodje za upravljanje podjetij.
However, there is still scope for further improvement.
Zlasti se je strinjal s tem, da morajo podjetja obvezno upoštevati zadevni kodeks in zagotoviti smiselna pojasnila za odstopanja od kodeksa, ki bi morala vključevati opis sprejetih alternativnih ukrepov.
In its resolution of 29 March 2012 [4], the European Parliament considered the ‘comply or explain’ approach a useful tool for corporate governance.
Akcijski načrt o evropskem pravu družb in upravljanju podjetij [5] iz leta 2012 je poudaril pomen visoke kakovosti pojasnil, zlasti za vlagatelje, in napovedal pobudo Komisije za izboljšanje kakovosti poročil o upravljanju podjetij in zlasti kakovosti pojasnil.
In particular, it was in favour of compulsory adherence to a relevant code by the company and requiring meaningful explanations for departures from a code, which should include a description of the alternative measure taken.
Namen tega priporočila je zagotoviti smernice za podjetja in jim pomagati pri izboljšanju kakovosti poročanja o upravljanju.
The 2012 Action Plan on European company law and corporate governance [5] underlined the importance of high quality explanations, in particular for investors, and announced a Commission initiative to improve the quality of corporate governance reports and the quality of explanations in particular.
Glede na raznolikost pravnih tradicij in pristopov ta priporočila nudijo splošni okvir, ki se lahko še naprej razvija in prilagodi posebnim nacionalnim okoliščinam.
The purpose of this Recommendation is to provide guidance for companies and to assist them in improving the quality of their corporate governance reporting.
To priporočilo se uporablja za podjetja, ki morajo predložiti izjavo o upravljanju v skladu s členom 20 Direktive 2013/34/EU in zagotoviti obrazložitve v primeru odstopanja od priporočil iz kodeksov o upravljanju podjetij.
Given the diversity of legal traditions and approaches, these recommendations offer a general framework, which can be further developed and adapted to the specific national context.
Čeprav je v skladu s členom 20 Direktive 2013/34/EU to priporočilo namenjeno predvsem podjetjem, ki kotirajo na borzi, lahko tudi drugim subjektom, ki pripravljajo izjavo o upravljanju, koristi izboljšanje kakovosti informacij, ki jih nameravajo razkriti.
This Recommendation applies to companies which are required to submit a corporate governance statement in accordance with Article 20 of Directive 2013/34/EU and which need to provide explanations in case of departure from the recommendations of the corporate governance code(s).
Poleg informacij, ki jih morajo podjetja zagotoviti v svoji izjavi o upravljanju, se od podjetij v nekaterih državah članic zahteva, da poročajo tudi o tem, kako uporabljajo glavna načela ali priporočila iz kodeksa.
While this Recommendation is intended predominantly for listed companies pursuant to Article 20 of Directive 2013/34/EU, other entities preparing a corporate governance statement might also benefit from enhancing the quality of information they plan to disclose.
Da bi se dodatno izboljšala preglednost, se vsa evropska podjetja, ki kotirajo na borzi, spodbujajo, naj poročajo o tem, kako so upoštevala zadevne kodekse v zvezi z vidiki, ki so lahko najpomembnejši za delničarje.
In addition to the information that they are required to provide in their corporate governance statement, companies in some Member States are also required to report on how they apply the main principles or recommendations of the code.
Poleg tega bi morala podjetja za olajšanje dostopa razmisliti o tem, da bi dala te informacije na voljo tudi na spletu.
In order to further improve transparency, all European listed companies are encouraged to report on how they followed the relevant codes regarding aspects which may be most important for shareholders.
Za poročanje o upravljanju podjetij po vsej Uniji ni standardnega formata.
In addition, in order to facilitate access, companies should consider making this information also available online.
Predstavljanje informacij v splošni izjavi ali po določbah je sprejemljivo, če je informativne narave in koristno za delničarje, vlagatelje in druge zainteresirane strani.
There is no standard format for corporate governance reporting throughout the Union.
Podjetja bi se morala izogibati preveč splošnim izjavam, ki morda ne zajemajo pomembnih vidikov za delničarje, in zgolj formalnim izjavam, ki imajo nizko informativno vrednost.
Presenting information in a general statement or on a provision by provision basis is acceptable as long as it is informative and useful for shareholders, investors and other stakeholders.
Prav tako bi se morala izogibati zagotavljanju obsežnih informacij, ki morda ne dajejo zadostnega vpogleda.
Companies should avoid making overly general statements, which might not cover important aspects to shareholders but also, box-ticking statements with little informative value.
Ustrezno razkritje odstopanj od zadevnih kodeksov in razlogov za takšno odstopanje je zelo pomembno za zagotavljanje, da lahko zainteresirane strani sprejmejo odločitve na podlagi prejetih informacij o podjetjih.
Likewise, they should also avoid providing lengthy information which might not give sufficient insight.
Takšno razkritje zmanjšuje nesorazmernost informacij med poslovodstvom podjetja in njegovimi delničarji, za slednje pa tako tudi stroške spremljanja.
Appropriate disclosure of departures from the relevant codes and of the reasons for such departures is very important to ensure that stakeholders can make informed decisions about companies.
Podjetja bi morala jasno navesti, od katerih priporočil iz kodeksa so odstopala in za vsak primer razložiti, na kakšen način je podjetje odstopalo, razloge za odstopanje, na kakšen način je bila sprejeta odločitev za odstopanje od priporočila, časovni okvir odstopanja in sprejete ukrepe za zagotavljanje, da njihove dejavnosti ostanejo v skladu s cilji priporočila in kodeksom.
Such disclosure reduces the information asymmetry between the company directors and its shareholders, and therefore, decreases the monitoring costs for the latter.
Pri zagotavljanju teh informacij bi se morala izogibati uporabi standardiziranega jezika in se osredotočiti na posebne okoliščine, v katerih deluje podjetje, ki pojasnjujejo odstopanje od priporočila.
Companies should clearly indicate which recommendations of the code they have departed from and, for each instance provide an explanation regarding: the manner in which the company has departed, the reasons for the departure, the way in which the decision to depart from a recommendation has been arrived at, the timeframe of the departure and the measures taken to ensure that the company action remains consistent with the objectives of the recommendation, and of the code.
Pojasnila bi morala biti strukturirana in predstavljena na takšen način, da jih je mogoče enostavno razumeti in uporabiti.
In providing this information, companies should avoid using standardised language and should focus on the specific company context that explains the departure from a recommendation.
To bo delničarjem olajšalo konstrukti dialog s podjetjem.
The explanations should be structured and presented in such a way that they can be easily understood and used.
Učinkovit pristop „upoštevaj ali pojasni“ zahteva učinkovito spremljanje, da se podjetja spodbudi k upoštevanju kodeksa o upravljanju podjetij ali pojasnitvi neupoštevanja.