natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Some experimenters have suggested that a cotton wool pad soaked in a saturated sucrose solution may serve as a food for emerged adults.
Nekateri raziskovalci so predlagali, da se lahko kot hrana za odrasle preobražene osebke uporabi vatna blazinica, namočena v nasičeno raztopino saharoze.
At 20 ± 2 °C adults will begin to emerge from the larval rearing vessels after approximately 13-15 days.
Pri 20 ± 2 °C se bo preobrazba v odrasle osebke iz posod za gojenje ličink začela po približno 13 do 15 dneh.
Males are easily distinguished by having plumose antennae.
Samce je mogoče preprosto prepoznati po pahljačastih tipalkah.
Egg masses
Jajčna legla
They should be transferred to a small dish containing a sample of the breeding water.
Prenesti jih je treba v majhno posodo, ki vsebuje vzorec vode za razmnoževanje.
Egg masses are used to start a new culture vessel (e.g. 2-4 egg masses/vessel) or are used for toxicity tests.
Jajčna legla se uporabijo za pripravo nove gojitvene posode (npr. 2 do 4 jajčna legla/posodo) ali za preskuse strupenosti.
First instar larvae should hatch after 2-3 days.
Ličinke prvega stadija bi se morale izleči po 2 ali 3 dneh.
Set-up of new culture vessels
Priprava novih gojitvenih posod
Once cultures are established it should be possible to set up a fresh larval culture vessel weekly or less frequently depending on testing requirements, removing the older vessels after adult midges have emerged.
Ko so gojišča vzpostavljena, bi moralo biti mogoče novo gojitveno posodo za ličinke pripraviti vsak teden ali manj pogosto, odvisno od zahtev preskušanja, stare posode pa odstraniti, ko se ličinke preobrazijo v odrasle osebke.
Using this system a regular supply of adults will be produced with a minimum of management.
S takim sistemom bo najpreprosteje zagotovljena redna oskrba z odraslimi osebki.
Preparation of test solutions “M4” and “M7”
Priprava preskusnih raztopin ‚M4‘ in ‚M7‘
Elendt (1990) has described the “M4” medium.
Elendt (1990) je opisal medij ‚M4‘.
The “M7” medium is prepared as the “M4” medium except for the substances indicated in Table 1, for which concentrations are four times lower in “M7” than in “M4”.
Medij ‚M7‘ se pripravi kot medij ‚M4‘, razen za snovi, navedene v preglednici 1, za katere so koncentracije pri ‚M7‘ štirikrat nižje kot pri ‚M4‘.
A publication on the “M7” medium is in preparation (Elendt, personal communication).
Publikacija o mediju ‚M7‘ je v pripravi (Elendt, osebno sporočilo).
The test solution should not be prepared according to Elendt and Bias (1990) for the concentrations of NaSiO3 5 H2O, NaNO3, KH2PO4 and K2HPO4 given for the preparation of the stock solutions are not adequate.
Preskusna raztopina se ne sme pripraviti po Elendt in Bias (1990), saj koncentracije NaSiO3 5 H2O, NaNO3, KH2PO4 in K2HPO4, navedene za pripravo osnovnih raztopin, niso ustrezne.
Preparation of the “M7”-medium
Priprava medija ‚M7‘
Each stock solution (I) is prepared individually and a combined stock solution (II) is prepared from these stock solutions (I) (see Table 1).
Vsaka osnovna raztopina (I) se pripravi posebej, sestavljena osnovna raztopina (II) pa se pripravi iz teh osnovnih raztopin (I) (glej preglednico 1).
Fifty ml from the combined stock Solution (II) and the amounts of each macro nutrient stock solution which are given in Table 2 are made up to 1 litre of deionised water to prepare the “M7” medium.
V 50 ml sestavljene osnovne raztopine (II), ki ji je dodana količina vsake osnovne raztopine makrohranilnih snovi, navedena v preglednici 2, se dolije deionizirana voda do 1 litra, da se pripravi medij ‚M7‘.
A vitamin stock solution is prepared by adding three vitamins to deionised water as indicated in Table 3, and 0,1 ml of the combined vitamin stock solution are added to the final “M7” medium shortly before use.
Založna raztopina vitaminov se pripravi tako, da se trije vitamini dodajo v deionizirano vodo, kot je navedeno v preglednici 3, 0,1 ml sestavljene osnovne raztopine vitaminov pa se doda končnemu mediju ‚M7‘ malo pred uporabo.
Edited by M. Streloke and H. Köpp.
Uredila M. Streloke in H. Köpp.
Stock solutions of trace elements for medium M4 and M7
Založne raztopine elementov v sledeh za medija M4 in M7
Stock solutions (I)
Založne raztopine (I)
Amount (mg) made up to 1 litre of deionised water
Količina (mg) za pripravo 1 litra z deionizirano vodo
To prepare the combined stock solution (II): mix the following amounts (ml) of stock solutions (I) and make up to 1 litre of deionised water
Za pripravo sestavljene osnovne raztopine (II): zmešajte naslednje količine (ml) osnovnih raztopin (I) in dopolnite do 1 litra z deionizirano vodo
Final concentrations in test solutions (mg/l)
Končne koncentracije v preskusnih raztopinah (mg/l)
Macro nutrient stock solutions for medium M4 and M7
Založne raztopine makrohranilnih snovi za medija M4 in M7
Amount made up to 1 litre of deionised water
Količina za pripravo 1 litra z deionizirano vodo
Amount of macro nutrient stock solutions added to prepare medium M4 and M7
Količina osnovnih raztopin makrohranilnih snovi za pripravo medijev M4 in M7
Final concentrations in test solutions M4 and M7
Končne koncentracije v preskusnih raztopinah M4 in M7
Vitamin stock solution for medium M4 and M7.
Založna raztopina vitaminov za medija M4 in M7.
All three vitamin solutions are combined to make a single vitamin stock solution
Vse tri raztopine vitaminov so združene v eno.
Amount of vitamin stock solution added to prepare medium M4 and M7
Količina dodane osnovne raztopine vitaminov za pripravo medijev M4 in M7
These substances differ in M4 and M7, as indicated above.
Te snovi se pri M4 in M7 razlikujejo, kot je navedeno zgoraj.
These solutions are prepared individually, then poured together and autoclaved immediately.
Te raztopine se pripravijo posamezno, nato zlijejo skupaj in takoj avtoklavirajo.
PREPARATION OF FORMULATED SEDIMENT
PRIPRAVA FORMULIRANE USEDLINE
Sediment composition
Sestava usedline
The composition of the formulated sediment should be as follows:
Sestava formulirane usedline mora biti naslednja:
Constituent
Sestavina
% of sediment
Delež suhe
dry weight
teže usedline v %
Sphagnum moss peat, as close to pH 5,5-6,0 as possible, no visible plant remains, finely ground (particle size ≤ 1 mm) and air dried
Šotni mah, čim bližje pH 5,5 do 6,0, brez vidnih ostankov rastlin, fino mlet (velikost delcev ≤ 1 mm) in sušen na zraku.
Quartz sand
Kremenov pesek
Grain size: > 50 % of the particles should be in the range of 50-200 μm
Velikost zrn: > 50 % delcev mora biti velikih 50–200 μm.
Kaolinite clay
Kaolinska glina
Kaolinite content ≥ 30 %
Vsebnost kaolinita ≥ 30 %.
Organic carbon
Organski ogljik
Adjusted by addition of peat and sand
Uravnava se z dodatkom šote in peska.
CaCO3, pulverised, chemically pure
CaCO3, zdrobljen v prah, kemijsko čist.
Conductivity ≤ 10 μS/cm
Prevodnost ≤ 10 μS/cm.
The peat is air dried and ground to a fine powder.
Priprava
A suspension of the required amount of peat powder in deionised water is prepared using a high-performance homogenising device.
Šota se posuši na zraku in zmelje v fin prah.
The pH of this suspension is adjusted to 5,5 ± 0,5 with CaCO3.
Pripravi se suspenzija potrebne količine šote v prahu v deionizirani vodi, za kar se uporabi visoko zmogljiva naprava za homogenizacijo. pH te suspenzije se s CaCO3 uravna na 5,5 ± 0,5.
The suspension is conditioned for at least two days with gentle stirring at 20 ± 2 °C, to stabilise pH and establish a stable microbial component. pH is measured again and should be 6,0 ± 0,5.
Suspenzija se vsaj 2 dneva kondicionira z rahlim mešanjem pri 20 ± 2 °C, da se stabilizira pH in vzpostavi stabilna mikrobna komponenta. Vrednost pH se znova izmeri in mora biti 6,0 ± 0,5.
Samples of the sediment are taken to determine the dry weight and the organic carbon content.
Vzamejo se vzorci usedline, da se določita suha teža in vsebnost organskega ogljika.
Then, before it is used in the chironomid toxicity test, it is recommended that the formulated sediment be conditioned for seven days under the same conditions which prevail in the subsequent test.
Priporoča se, da se formulirana usedlina pred uporabo v preskusu strupenosti s trzačami 7 dni kondicionira v enakih pogojih, kakršni vladajo v poznejšem preskusu.
The dry constituents for preparation of the artificial sediment may be stored in a dry and cool place at room temperature.
Suhe sestavine za pripravo umetne usedline se lahko shranjujejo v suhem in hladnem prostoru pri sobni temperaturi.
The formulated (wet) sediment should not be stored prior to its use in the test.
Formulirana (mokra) usedlina se pred uporabo v preskusu ne sme shranjevati.
It should be used immediately after the 7 days conditioning period that ends its preparation.
Uporabiti jo je treba takoj po 7-dnevnem obdobju kondicioniranja, s katerim se njena priprava konča.
Chemical Characteristics of an Acceptable Dilution Water
Kemijske lastnosti sprejemljive vode za redčenje
Total organic carbon
Celotni organski ogljik
Hardness as CaCO3
Trdota kot CaCO3
Residual chlorine
Ostanek klora
Total organic chlorine
Skupni organski klor
However, it should be noted that if there is an interaction suspected between hardness ions and the test substance, lower hardness water should be used (and thus, Elendt Medium M4 must not be used in this situation).
Če se domneva, da bo prišlo do interakcije med ioni, ki povzročajo trdoto vode, in preskusno snovjo, je treba uporabiti vodo z manjšo trdoto (v takem primeru se torej ne sme uporabiti medij Elendt M4).
Guidance for monitoring emergence of chironomid larvae
Napotek za spremljanje preobrazbe ličink trzače
Emergence traps are placed on the test beakers.
Na preskusne čaše se namestijo lovilniki za preobražene osebke.
These traps are needed from day 20 to the end of the test.
Potrebni so od 20. dne do konca preskusa.
Example of trap used is drawn below:
Primer lovilnika je narisan spodaj:
A the nylon screen
A najlonska mrežica
B the inverted plastic cups
B obrnjen plastični lonček
C the lipless exposure beaker
C poskusna čaša brez ustja
D the water exchange screen ports
D mrežasti okenci za izmenjavo vode
F sediment
F usedlina
SEDIMENT-WATER CHIRONOMID TOXICITY TEST USING SPIKED WATER
C.28 PRESKUS STRUPENOSTI S TRZAČAMI V SISTEMU VODE IN USEDLINE Z UPORABO VODE S PRIMEŠANO PRESKUSNO SNOVJO
This Test Method is equivalent to OECD TG 219 (2004).
Ta preskusna metoda ustreza Smernici za preskušanje OECD TG 219 (2004).
It is mainly based on the BBA guideline using a sediment-water test system with artificial soil, and water column exposure scenario (1).
Temelji predvsem na smernici BBA, v kateri je scenarij izpostavljenosti uporaba sistema vode in usedline, sestavljenega iz umetne zemljine in vodnega stolpca (1).
It also takes into account existing toxicity test protocols for Chironomus riparius and Chironomus tentans which have been developed in Europe and North America (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8) and ring-tested (1)(6)(9).
Upošteva tudi obstoječe protokole za preskušanje strupenosti za Chironomus riparius in Chironomus tentans, ki so bili razviti v Evropi in Severni Ameriki (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) ter krožno preskušeni (1) (6) (9).
The exposure scenario used in this Test Method is water spiking.
Scenarij izpostavljenosti, uporabljen v tej preskusni metodi, je primešanje preskusne snovi v vodo.
The water exposure scenario, involving spiking of the water column, is intended to simulate a pesticide spray drift event and covers the initial peak of concentrations in pore water.
Scenarij izpostavljenosti, ki vključuje primešanje preskusne snovi v vodni stolpec, je namenjen simulaciji pojava zanašanja pesticidov in zajema začetne najvišje koncentracije v porni vodi.
It is also useful for other types of exposure (including chemical spills) except accumulation processes lasting longer than the test period.
Uporaben je tudi za druge vrste izpostavljenosti (vključno z razlitji kemikalij), razen za procese kopičenja, ki trajajo dlje od preskusnega obdobja.
If short-term data are required for a specific purpose, for example to investigate the effects of unstable chemicals, additional replicates may be removed after a 10-day period.
Če so za določen namen potrebni kratkoročni podatki, na primer da se raziščejo učinki nestabilne kemikalije, se lahko dodatne ponovitve umaknejo po 10 dneh.
the use of formulated sediment allows for comparisons of toxicity and ranking substances accordingly: toxicity data from tests with natural and artificial sediments were comparable for several chemicals (2).
uporaba formulirane usedline omogoča primerjave strupenosti in ustrezno razvrstitev snovi: podatki o strupenosti iz preskusov z naravnimi in umetnimi usedlinami so bili primerljivi za več kemikalij (2).
First instar chironomid larvae are exposed to a concentration range of the test substance in sediment-water systems.
Ličinke trzače prvega stadija so izpostavljene razponu koncentracije preskusne kemikalije v sistemih vode in usedline.
The test starts by placing first instar larvae into the test beakers containing the sediment-water system and subsequently spiking the test substance into the water.
Preskus se začne z vnosom ličink prvega stadija v preskusne čaše, ki vsebujejo sistem vode in usedline, nato pa se preskusna snov primeša v vodo.
These data are analysed either by using a regression model in order to estimate the concentration that would cause x % reduction in emergence, larvae survival or growth (e.g. EC15, EC50, etc.), or by using statistical hypothesis testing to determine a NOEC/LOEC.
Ti podatki se analizirajo bodisi z regresijskim modelom, da se oceni koncentracija, ki bi povzročila x-odstotno zmanjšanje preobrazbe, preživetja ali rasti ličink (npr. EC15, EC50 itd.), bodisi s preskušanjem statističnih domnev za določitev NOEC/LOEC.
Further guidance for testing substances with physical-chemical properties that make them difficult to perform the test is provided in (12).
Dodatne smernice za preskušanje snovi s fizikalno-kemijskimi lastnostmi, zaradi katerih je preskušanje oteženo, so navedene v (12).
Examples of reference toxicants used successfully in ring-tests and validation studies are: lindane, trifluralin, pentachlorophenol, cadmium chloride and potassium chloride. (1)(2)(5)(6)(13).
Primeri referenčnih strupenih snovi, ki so bile uspešno uporabljene v krožnih preskusih in potrditvenih raziskavah, so: lindan, trifluralin, pentaklorofenol, kadmijev klorid in kalijev klorid (1) (2) (5) (6) (13).
The oxygen concentration should be at least 60 % of the air saturation value (ASV) at the temperature used, and the pH of overlying water should be in the 6-9 range in all test vessels;
Koncentracija kisika mora biti vsaj 60 % nasičenosti zraka (ASV) pri uporabljeni temperaturi, pH vode nad usedlino pa mora biti v vseh preskusnih posodah med 6 in 9,
the water temperature should not differ by more than ± 1,0 °C.
temperatura vode se ne sme razlikovati za več kot ± 1,0 °C.
The water temperature could be controlled by isothermal room and in that case the room temperature should be confirmed in an appropriate time intervals.
Temperaturo vode bi bilo mogoče nadzorovati z izotermalnim prostorom; v takem primeru je treba temperaturo v prostoru potrjevati v ustreznih časovnih presledkih.
75-76 % (dry weight) quartz sand (fine sand should predominate with more than 50 % of the particles between 50 and 200 μm).
75–76 % (suhe teže) kremenovega peska (prevladovati mora fini pesek, pri katerem je več kot 50 % delcev velikih 50 do 200 μm);
Deionised water is added to obtain moisture of the final mixture in a range of 30-50 %.
doda se deionizirana voda, tako da je v končni mešanici vlaga 30- do 50-odstotna;
Calcium carbonate of chemically pure quality (CaCO3) is added adjust the pH of the final mixture of the sediment to 7,0 ± 0,5.
doda se kemijsko čist kalcijev karbonat (CaCO3), da se pH v končni mešanici usedline uravna na 7,0 ± 0,5;
Stock solutions — Spiked water
Založne raztopine – voda s primešano preskusno snovjo
Test concentrations are calculated on the basis of water column concentrations, i.e. the water overlying the sediment.
Preskusne koncentracije se izračunajo na podlagi koncentracij v vodnem stolpcu, tj. vodi nad usedlino.
Test solutions of the chosen concentrations are usually prepared by dilution of a stock solution.
Preskusne raztopine izbranih koncentracij se običajno pripravijo z redčenjem osnovne raztopine.
Stock solutions should preferably be prepared by dissolving the test substance in test medium.
Založne raztopine je po možnosti treba pripraviti tako, da se preskusna snov raztopi v preskusnem mediju.
The use of solvents or dispersants may be required in some cases in order to produce a suitably concentrated stock solution.
V nekaterih primerih bo morda treba uporabiti topila ali disperzijska sredstva, da se pripravi primerno koncentrirana osnovna raztopina.
Examples of suitable solvents are acetone, ethanol, methanol, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dimethylformamide and triethylene glycol.
Primerna topila so na primer aceteon, etanol, metanol, etilen glikol monoetil eter, etilen glikol dimetil eter, dimetil formamid in trietilen glikol.
Dispersants which may be used are Cremophor RH40, Tween 80, methylcellulose 0,01 % and HCO-40.
Disperzijska sredstva, ki se lahko uporabijo, so Cremaphor RH40, Tween 80, metil celuloza 0,01 % in HCO-40.
The solubilising agent concentration in the final test medium should be minimal (i.e. ≤ 0,1 ml/l) and should be the same in all treatments.
Koncentracija topila v končnem preskusnem mediju mora biti minimalna (tj. ≤ 0,1 ml/l) in mora biti enaka v vseh posodah s preskusno snovjo.
When a solubilising agent is used, it must have no significant effects on survival or no visible adverse effect on the chironomid larvae as revealed by a solvent-only control.
Kadar se uporabi topilo, to ne sme bistveno vplivati na preživetje ličink trzače ali imeti vidnih škodljivih učinkov nanje, kar se pokaže s kontrolno enoto, v kateri je le topilo.
However, every effort should be made to avoid the use of such materials.
Vendar si je treba čim bolj prizadevati, da se taki materiali ne uporabijo.
The analysis by regression is preferred to the hypothesis testing approach.
Regresijska analiza je primernejša od pristopa s preskušanjem domnev.
Extrapolation much below the lowest positive concentration or above the highest concentration should be avoided.
Izogibati se je treba ekstrapolaciji veliko pod najnižjo pozitivno koncentracijo ali veliko nad najvišjo koncentracijo.
In any case, it is advisable that sufficient test concentrations are used to allow a good model estimation.
Vsekakor je priporočljivo uporabiti dovolj preskusnih koncentracij, da se omogoči dobra ocena modela.
If the LOEC/NOEC are to be estimated, five test concentrations with at least four replicates should be used and the factor between concentrations should not be greater than two.
Če je treba oceniti LOEC/NOEC, bi bilo treba uporabiti pet preskusnih koncentracij in izvesti vsaj štiri ponovitve, faktor med koncentracijami pa ne sme biti večji od 2.
The purpose of the limit test is to indicate that the toxic value of the test substance is greater than the limit concentration tested.
Namen mejnega preskusa je pokazati, da je toksična vrednost preskusne snovi večja od preskušene mejne koncentracije.
No suggestion for a recommended concentration can be made in this Test Method; this is left to the regulators’ judgement.
Pri tej preskusni metodi priporočene koncentracije ni mogoče predlagati; to je prepuščeno presoji regulatorjev.
Preparation of spiked water-sediment system
Priprava sistema vode in usedline, v katerem je preskusna snov primešana v vodo
Appropriate amounts of formulated sediment (see paragraphs 13-14 and Appendix 3) are added in the test vessels to form a layer of at least 1,5 cm.
V preskusne posode se dodajo ustrezne količine formulirane usedline (glej odstavka 13 in 14 ter Dodatek 3), da nastane plast, debela vsaj 1,5 cm.
Water is added to a depth of 6 cm (see paragraph 15).
Doda se voda do globine 6 cm (glej odstavek 15).
The ratio of the depth of the sediment layer and the depth of the water should not exceed 1:4 and the sediment layer should not be deeper than 3 cm.
Razmerje med debelino usedline in globino vode ne sme biti večje od 1 : 4, usedlina pa ne sme biti debelejša od 3 cm.
The sediment-water system should be left under gentle aeration for seven days prior to addition of test organisms (see paragraph 14 and Appendix 3).
Sistem vode in usedline je treba sedem dni rahlo prezračevati, preden se dodajo preskusni organizmi (glej odstavek 14 in Dodatek 3).
To avoid separation of sediment ingredients and re-suspension of fine material during addition of test water in the water column, the sediment can be covered with a plastic disc while water is poured onto it, and the disc is removed immediately afterwards.
Da se prepreči ločevanje sestavin usedline in ponovna suspenzija finega materiala med dodajanjem preskusne vode v vodni stolpec, se lahko usedlina med točenjem vode prekrije s plastičnim pokrovom, ki se takoj nato odstrani.
Aeration of the water has to be stopped while adding the larvae to test vessels and remain so for another 24 hours after addition of larvae (see paragraphs 24 and 32).
Med dodajanjem ličink v preskusne posode je treba ustaviti prezračevanje vode, ki se ne sme izvajati še 24 ur po tem, ko so bile ličinke dodane (glej odstavka 24 in 32).
Twenty-four hours after adding the larvae, the test substance is spiked into the overlying water column, and slight aeration is again supplied.
24 ur po vnosu ličink se preskusna snov vmeša v vodni stolpec nad usedlino, znova se zagotovi prezračevanje.
Small volumes of test substance solutions are applied below the surface of the water using a pipette.
Pod površino vodnega stolpca se s pipeto vnesejo majhne količine raztopine preskusne snovi.
The overlying water should then be mixed with care not to disturb the sediment.
Vodo nad usedlino je nato treba premešati, pri čemer je treba paziti, da se ne premeša še usedlina.
Gentle aeration of the overlying water in test vessels is supplied preferably 24 hours after addition of the larvae and is pursued throughout the test (care should be taken that dissolved oxygen concentration does not fall below 60 %of ASV).
Prezračevanje se zagotavlja prek steklene pasteurjeve pipete, pritrjene 2 do 3 cm nad plastjo usedline (tj. 1 ali nekaj mehurčkov/s).
For C. tentans and C. yoshimatui, recommended temperatures are of 23 °C and 25 °C (± 2 °C), respectively.
Za C. tentans in C. yoshimatsui sta priporočeni temperaturi 23 °C oziroma 25 °C (± 2 °C).
As a minimum, samples of the overlying water, the pore water and the sediment must be analysed at the start (preferably one hour after application of test substance) and at the end of the test, at the highest concentration and a lower one.
Na začetku (po možnosti 1 uro po vnosu preskusne snovi) in koncu preskusa je treba analizirati vsaj vzorce vode nad usedlino, porne vode in usedline, in sicer pri najvišji in nižji koncentraciji.
These determinations of test substance concentration inform on the behaviour/partitioning of the test substance in the water-sediment system.
Te določitve koncentracije preskusne snovi pokažejo obnašanje/porazdelitev preskusne snovi v sistemu vode in usedline.
Sampling of sediment at the start of the test may influence the test system (e.g. removing test larvae), thus additional test vessels should be used to perform analytical determinations at the start and during the test if appropriate (see paragraph 39).
Vzorčenje usedline na začetku preskusa lahko vpliva na preskusni sistem (npr. odstranitev preskusnih ličink), zato je treba za analitske določitve na začetku preskusa in med njim po potrebi uporabiti dodatne preskusne posode (glej odstavek 39).