natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The Commission also requested information concerning the structure of government control in those Chinese banks and the pursuit of government policies or interests with respect to the photovoltaic industry (i.e. board of directors and board of shareholders, minutes of shareholders/directors meetings, nationality of shareholders/directors, lending policies and assessment of risk with respect to loans provided to the cooperating exporting producers).
Komisija je zahtevala tudi informacije glede strukture vladnega nadzora v omenjenih kitajskih bankah in upoštevanja vladnih politik ali interesov v zvezi s fotonapetostno industrijo (tj. upravni odbor in odbor delničarjev, zapisniki sestankov delničarjev/upravnega odbora, nacionalnosti delničarjev/članov upravnega odbora, posojilne politiki in ocene tveganja glede posojil, odobrenih sodelujočim proizvajalcem izvoznikom).
Nevertheless, as noted in recital (139) above, the GOC provided only very limited information in this respect and did not allow the verification of much of the submitted information.
Vendar, kot je navedeno v uvodni izjavi (139), je kitajska vlada predložila le zelo omejene informacije v zvezi s tem in ni omogočila preverjanja številnih predloženih informacij.
Consequently, the Commission had to use the facts available.
Zato je morala Komisija uporabiti razpoložljiva dejstva.
It concluded on the basis of the available data that those banks are controlled by the government by means of ownership, administrative control of their ‘commercial’ behaviour including the limits set on the deposits and loans interest rates (see recitals (164) — (167) below) and in some cases even by the statutory documents [42].
Na podlagi razpoložljivih podatkov je bilo ugotovljeno, da vlada omenjene banke nadzoruje prek lastništva, upravnega nadzora nad njihovim poslovanjem, vključno s postavljanjem omejitev za obrestne mere za vloge in posojila (glej uvodne izjave od (164) do (167)), v nekaterih primerih pa tudi z zavezujočimi dokumenti [42].
The relevant data used in order to arrive at the aforesaid findings is derived from information submitted by the GOC, the annual reports of Chinese banks that were either submitted from GOC or publicly available, information retrieved from the 2006 Deutsche Bank Research on China's banking sector [43], WTO Policy review on China (2012) [44], China 2030 World Bank Report [45] or 2010 OECD Economic survey on China [46], information submitted by the co-operating exporting producers and information existing in the complaint.
Ustrezni podatki, ki so bili uporabljeni za pridobitev navedenih ugotovitev, izvirajo iz informacij, ki jih je predložila kitajska vlada, letnih poročil kitajskih bank, ki jih je predložila kitajska vlada ali so javno dostopna, informacij iz raziskave Deutsche Bank o kitajskem bančnem sektorju iz leta 2006 [43], pregleda politik Kitajske, ki ga je opravila STO (2012) [44], poročila Svetovne banke Kitajska 2030 [45] in pregleda gospodarskih gibanj na Kitajskem 2010, ki ga je pripravila Organizacija za gospodarsko sodelovanje in razvoj [46], informacij, ki so jih predložili sodelujoči proizvajalci izvozniki, ter informacij iz pritožbe.
As for foreign banks, independent sources estimate that they represent a minor part of the Chinese banking sector and consequently play an insignificant role in policy lending; with relevant information suggesting that this may represent as little as 2 % of the Chinese market [47].
Glede tujih bank neodvisni viri ocenjujejo, da pomenijo majhen del kitajskega bančnega sektorja in imajo zanemarljivo vlogo v posojilni politiki, na podlagi ustreznih informacij pa je mogoče sklepati, da lahko ta znaša tudi samo 2 % kitajskega trga [47].
Relevant publicly available information also confirms that Chinese banks, particularly the large commercial banks, still rely on state-owned shareholders and the government for replenishment of capital when there is a lack of capital adequacy as result of credit expansion [48].(163) With respect to the banks that provided loans to the cooperating exporting producers, the majority of them are state-owned banks.
Ustrezne javno dostopne informacije potrjujejo tudi, da se kitajske banke, zlasti velike poslovne banke, za povečanje kapitala pri pomanjkanju kapitalske ustreznosti zaradi povečevanja posojil še vedno zanašajo na delničarje v državni lasti in vlado [48].(163) Banke, ki so sodelujočim proizvajalcem izvoznikom zagotavljale posojila, so v veliki večini državne banke.
Indeed, on the basis of the available information [49] it was found that the state-owned banks and other state-owned entities provided the great majority of loans to the cooperating exporting producers.
Dejansko je bilo na podlagi razpoložljivih informacij ugotovljeno [49], da so državne banke in druga državna podjetja odobrila veliko večino posojil sodelujočim proizvajalcem izvoznikom.
These included the major commercial and policy banks in the PRC like the China Development Bank, the EXIM Bank, the Agricultural Bank of China, the Bank of China, the China Construction Bank and the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China.
Te so vključevale glavne poslovne banke in banke za izvajanje politik v LRK, kot so Kitajska razvojna banka, banka EXIM, Kmetijska banka Kitajske, Banka Kitajske, Konstrukcijska banka Kitajske ter Industrijska in poslovna banka Kitajske.
With respect to the remaining state-owned banks concerned, again the Commission requested the same information mentioned above concerning the government control and the pursuit of government policies or interests with respect to the photovoltaic industry.
Glede drugih zadevnih državnih bank je Komisija zahtevala enake informacije, kot so navedene zgoraj, v zvezi z vladnim nadzorom in upoštevanjem vladnih politik ali interesov glede fotonapetostne industrije.
It is therefore concluded that the banks are controlled by the government.
Zato se sklene, da banke nadzoruje vlada.
Such a meaningful control is evidenced inter alia by the governmental policy of support to the industry in question, which directs banks to act in a particular supportive manner (see recital (102) above).
Tak bistven nadzor med drugim dokazuje vladna politika podpore zadevni industriji, ki banke usmerja, da ravnajo na določen podporni način (glej uvodno izjavo (102)).
For these reasons the state-owned commercial and policy banks in the PRC should be considered public bodies.
Iz teh razlogov je treba državne poslovne banke in banke za izvajanje politik v LRK šteti za javne organe.
Another sign of GOC involvement in the Chinese financial market is the role played by the PBOC in setting the specific limits on the way interest rates are set and fluctuate.
Še en znak, da kitajska vlada posega na kitajski finančni trg, je vloga, ki jo ima Ljudska banka Kitajske pri določanju posebnih omejitev glede načina določanja obrestnih mer in njihovega nihanja.
Indeed, the investigation established that the PBOC has specific rules regulating the way interest rates float in the PRC.
Dejansko je preiskava pokazala, da ima Ljudska banka Kitajske posebna pravila, ki urejajo spreminjanje obrestnih mer LRK.
Financial institutions are requested to provide loan rates within a certain range of the benchmark loan interest rate of the PBOC.
Finančne institucije morajo zagotoviti obrestne mere posojil znotraj določenega razpona referenčne obrestne mere posojil Ljudske banke Kitajske.
For commercial bank loans and policy bank loans managed commercially there is no upper limit range but only a lower limit range.
Za posojila poslovnih bank in posojila bank za izvajanje politik, ki se upravljajo komercialno, ni zgornje omejitve, ampak samo spodnja omejitev.
For urban credit cooperatives and rural credit cooperatives there are both upper and lower limit ranges.
Za mestne kreditne zadruge in podeželske kreditne zadruge sta določeni zgornja in spodnja omejitev.
For preferential loans and loans for which the State Council has specific regulations the interest rates are not allowed to float upwards.
Pri preferenčnih posojilih in posojilih, za katera ima državni svet posebna pravila, se obrestne mere ne spreminjajo navzgor.
The Commission sought clarifications from the GOC on the definition and wording stated in the Circular 251 as well as to its preceding legislation (Circular of the PBOC concerning expansion of Financial Institution's Loan Interest Rate Float Range — YinFa [2003] No. 250).
Komisija je od kitajske vlade zahtevala pojasnila glede opredelitve in ubeseditve v okrožnici št. 251 ter v njeni predhodni zakonodaji (okrožnica Ljudske banke Kitajske glede povečanja razpona spreminjanja obrestne mere posojil finančnih institucij – Yinfa [2003] št. 250).
However, as described in the recital (135) above, the GOC refused to provide these Circulars which prevented the Commission from verifying their content and seeking explanations.
Vendar kitajska vlada, kot je opisano v uvodni izjavi (135), teh okrožnic ni želela predložiti, s čimer je Komisiji preprečila, da bi preverila njihovo vsebino in pridobila pojasnila.
Since the GOC did not provide any relevant information in this respect which would suggest the situation changed since March 2013 when the Commission concluded its anti-subsidy investigations concerning Organic Coated Steel [50] it is established that the PBOC is involved in and influences the setting of interest rates by state-owned commercial banks.
Ker kitajska vlada o tem ni predložila ustreznih informacij, zaradi katerih bi bilo mogoče sklepati o spremembi položaja od marca 2013, ko je Komisija zaključila svoje protisubvencijske preiskave o jeklu, prevlečenem z organskimi premazi [50], je bilo ugotovljeno, da Ljudska banka Kitajske sodeluje in vpliva na določanje obrestnih mer državnih poslovnih bank.
The GOC did not provide any evidence that the situation as established in the Coated Fine Paper and Organic Coated Steel investigations has changed.
Kitajska vlada ni predložila nobenih dokazov o spremembi položaja, kot je bil ugotovljen v preiskavah o premazanem finem papirju in jeklu, prevlečenem z organskimi premazi.
Therefore, on the basis of facts available and the other evidence cited above, it was concluded that the situation concerning the methodology for determining interest rates was the same during the entire IP.
Zato je bilo na podlagi razpoložljivih dejstev in drugih že navedenih dokazov sklenjeno, da je bil položaj glede metodologije za določanje obrestnih mer nespremenjen v celotnem obdobju preiskave.
Limits on the loans interest rates together with the ceilings imposed on deposit rates create a situation in which the banks have guaranteed access to cheap capital (because of the deposit rates regulation) and are able to lend to the selected industries at favourable rates.
Z omejitvami obrestnih mer za posojila skupaj z zgornjimi mejami obrestnih mer za vloge imajo banke zagotovljen dostop do poceni kapitala (zaradi reguliranja obrestnih mer vlog) in lahko izbranim industrijam odobrijo posojila po ugodnih obrestnih merah.
Banks are also subject to legal rules which require them, inter alia, to carry out their loan business according to the needs of the national economy [51], provide credit support to encouraged projects [52] or give priority to the development of high and new technology industries [53].
Za banke veljajo tudi pravna pravila, v skladu s katerimi morajo med drugim poslovanje s posojili prilagoditi potrebam nacionalnega gospodarstva [51], zagotoviti kreditno podporo za spodbujane projekte [52] ali dati prednost razvoju visokotehnoloških industrij in industrij z novo tehnologijo [53].
Banks are under an obligation to follow these rules.
Banke so zavezane k upoštevanju teh pravil.
The sampled exporting producers belong to the categories of encouraged projects as well as to the high and new technology industries category.
Vzorčeni proizvajalci izvozniki sodijo v kategorije spodbujanih projektov ter v kategorijo visokotehnološke industrije in industrije z novo tehnologijo.
Various independent information sources suggest that the state involvement in the Chinese financial sector is substantial and on-going.
Različni neodvisni viri informacij navajajo, da je država bistveno vključena v kitajski finančni sektor in je v njem dejavna.
For example the finding of the (i) IMF 2006 Working Paper suggested that the bank liberalisation in the PRC is incomplete and credit risk is not properly reflected [54]; (ii) the IMF 2009 report highlighted the lack of interest rate liberalisation in China [55]; (iii) the IMF 2010 Country Report stated that cost of capital in China is relatively low, credit allocation is sometimes determined by non-price means and high corporate saving is partly linked to low cost of various factor inputs (including capital and land) [56]; (iv) the OECD 2010 Economic Survey of China [57] and OECD Economic Department Working Paper No. 747 on China's Financial Sector Reforms [58] stated that ownership of financial institutions remains dominated by the State, raising issues as the extent to which banks' lending decisions are based purely on commercial considerations while banks' traditional role appears to be that of government agencies with ties to the government.
Na primer ugotovitve (i) delovnega dokumenta Mednarodnega denarnega sklada za leto 2006 so pokazale, da je liberalizacija bank v LRK nepopolna in da kreditno tveganje ni ustrezno upoštevano [54]; (ii) poročilo Mednarodnega denarnega sklada za leto 2009 je poudarilo pomanjkanje liberalizacije obrestnih mer na Kitajskem [55]; (iii) poročilo Mednarodnega denarnega sklada o posameznih državah za leto 2010 je navedlo, da so stroški kapitala na Kitajskem razmeroma nizki, da odobritev posojil včasih ne temelji na ceni in da so veliki prihranki pravnih oseb delno povezani z nizkimi stroški različnih faktorskih vložkov (vključno s kapitalom in zemljišči) [56]; (iv) pregled gospodarskih gibanj na Kitajskem 2010 Organizacije za gospodarsko sodelovanje in razvoj (OECD) [57] ter delovni dokument ekonomskega oddelka OECD št. 747 o reformah kitajskega finančnega sektorja [58] sta navedla, da so finančne institucije še vedno pretežno v lasti države, zaradi česar se zastavlja vprašanje, v kakšnem obsegu odločitve bank glede posojil temeljijo samo na poslovnih razlogih, glede na to, da je tradicionalna vloga bank očitno vloga vladnih agencij, ki so povezane z vlado.
On the basis of the above evidence, it is concluded that state-owned commercial and policy banks perform government functions on behalf of the GOC, namely mandatory promotion of certain sectors of the economy in line with state planning and policy documents.
Na podlagi navedenih dokazov se sklene, da državne poslovne banke in banke za izvajanje politik izvajajo vladne funkcije v imenu kitajske vlade, in sicer obvezno spodbujanje nekaterih gospodarskih sektorjev v skladu z državnim načrtovanjem in političnimi dokumenti.
The extensive government ownership in the state-owned banks and other information on links between the state-owned banks and the government (including the non-cooperation of the GOC in this regard) confirms that the banks are controlled by the government in the exercise of their public functions.
Obsežno vladno lastništvo v državnih bankah in druge informacije o povezavah med državnimi bankami in vlado (vključno z nesodelovanjem kitajske vlade v zvezi s tem) potrjujejo, da banke pri izvajanju njihovih javnih funkcij nadzoruje vlada.
The GOC exercises meaningful control over state-owned commercial and policy banks through the government's pervasive involvement in the financial sector and the requirement for state-owned banks to follow government policies.
Kitajska vlada izvaja bistven nadzor nad državnimi poslovnimi bankami in bankami za izvajanje politik, in sicer s široko vladno udeležbo v finančnem sektorju ter zahtevo, da državne banke upoštevajo vladne politike.
State-owned commercial and Policy banks are therefore considered to be public bodies because they possess, are vested with, and exercise, governmental authority.
Zato se šteje, da so državne poslovne banke in banke za izvajanje politik javni organi, ker imajo in izvajajo pooblastilo vlade, ali jim je to zaupano.
Private banks in the PRC are entrusted and directed by the GOC
Kitajska vlada zasebnim bankam v LRK zaupa naloge in jim ukazuje.
The Commission also analysed whether the privately owned commercial banks in the PRC are entrusted or directed by the GOC to provide preferential (subsidised) loans to the photovoltaic producers, within the meaning of Article 3(1)(a)(iv) of the basic Regulation.
Komisija je proučila tudi, ali kitajska vlada zasebnim poslovnim bankam v LRK zaupa naloge in jim ukazuje, da zagotavljajo preferenčna (subvencionirana) posojila proizvajalcem fotonapetostnih izdelkov, v smislu člena 3(1)(a)(iv) osnovne uredbe.
Existence of a GOC policy
Obstoj politike kitajske vlade
From the section above concerning state involvement in the photovoltaic sector (recital (101)) and from the findings described below it is clear that the GOC has a policy to provide preferential lending to the photovoltaic sector, because public bodies (state-owned commercial banks) [59] are engaged in such provision and hold a predominant place in the market, which enables them to offer below-market interest rates.
Na podlagi navedenega v oddelku o poseganju države v fotonapetostni sektor (uvodna izjava (101)) in ugotovitev, opisanih v nadaljevanju, je jasno, da kitajska vlada vodi politiko preferenčnih posojil fotonapetostnemu sektorju, saj so javni organi (državne poslovne banke) [59] vključeni v tako politiko in imajo prevladujoč položaj na trgu, ki jim omogoča, da ponujajo obrestne mere, nižje od tržnih.
The Commercial banking law [2003] applies in the same way to state-owned commercial banks and privately owned commercial banks.
Zakon o poslovnem bančništvu [2003] se enako uporablja tako za državne poslovne banke kot tudi zasebne poslovne banke.
For example Article 38 of this law instructs all Commercial banks (i.e. also those which are privately owned) to ‘determine the loan rate in accordance with the upper and lower limit of the loan rate set by the PBOC’, Article 34 of the Commercial Banking Law instructs the commercial banks to ‘carry out their loan business upon the needs of national economy and the social development and with the spirit of state industrial policies’.
Člen 38 tega zakona vsem poslovnim bankam (tj. tudi zasebnim bankam) na primer nalaga, da „obrestno mero posojil določijo v skladu z zgornjo in spodnjo mejo obrestne mere, kot ju določi Ljudska banka Kitajske“, člen 34 tega zakona pa jim nalaga, da „svojo posojilno dejavnost izvajajo v skladu s potrebami nacionalnega gospodarstva in socialnega razvoja ter v duhu industrijskih politik države“.
Several government planning documents policy papers and laws refer to the preferential lending to the PV industry.
Številni dokumenti vladnega načrtovanja, politični dokumenti in zakoni se nanašajo na preferenčno posojanje fotonapetostni industriji.
For example, the State Council Decision of 10 October 2010 to encourage development of 7 new strategic industries promises the expansion of the intensity of fiscal and financial policy support to the strategic industries [60] (PV industry is listed amongst them), encourages financial institutions to ‘to expand the credit support’ to these industries and to ‘make use of the fiscal preferential policies such as risk compensation’.
Sklep državnega sveta z dne 10. oktobra 2010 o spodbujanju razvoja sedmih novih strateških industrij na primer napoveduje razširitev intenzivnosti podpore davčne in finančne politike strateškim industrijam [60] (med njimi je navedena tudi fotonapetostna industrija), spodbuja finančne institucije k „povečanju kreditne podpore“ za te industrije in k „uporabi fiskalnih preferenčnih politik, kot je nadomestilo za tveganje“.
Also the National Outline for Medium and Long-term Science and Technology Development (2006-2020) which identifies the Solar energy and photovoltaic cells under the Key fields and themes of priority [61] promises to ‘encourage financial institutions to grant preferential credit support to major national scientific and technological industrialisation projects’ and instructs the government to ‘guide various financial institutions and private capitals to participate in science and technology development’.
Tudi Nacionalni okvir za srednje- in dolgoročni razvoj znanosti in tehnologije (2006–2020), ki fotonapetostno energijo in fotonapetostne celice uvršča med ključna področja in prednostne teme [61], napoveduje „spodbujanje finančnih institucij k dodeljevanju preferenčne kreditne podpore največjim nacionalnim projektom znanstvene in tehnološke industrializacije“ in vladi narekuje, naj „različne finančne institucije in zasebni kapital usmerja k sodelovanju pri znanstvenem in tehnološkem razvoju“.
The Law of the PRC on Scientific and Technological Progress (Order N.82 of the President of the PRC) defines that the state shall encourage and give guidance to financial institutions to support the development of high and new technology industries by granting loans and that the policy-oriented financial institutions shall give priority to the development of high and new technology industries [62].
Zakon LRK o znanstvenem in tehnološkem napredku (odredba predsednika LRK št. 82) določa, da država spodbuja in usmerja finančne institucije tako, da podpirajo razvoj visokotehnoloških industrij in industrij z novo tehnologijo, in sicer z odobritvami posojil, ter da politično usmerjene finančne institucije dajejo prednost razvoju visokotehnoloških industrij in industrij z novo tehnologijo [62].
According to the same law the policy-oriented financial institutions shall, within the scope of their business, offer special aid to enterprises' projects of independent innovation encouraged by state [63].
V skladu z navedenim zakonom politično usmerjene finančne institucije v okviru svojih dejavnosti nudijo posebno pomoč projektom podjetij na področju neodvisnih inovacij, ki jih spodbuja država [63].
Further the above-mentioned limitation on the setting of interest rates by the PBOC (recitals (164) and (165)) is also binding for privately –owned commercial banks.
Poleg tega je že navedena omejitev o določitvi obrestnih mer Ljudske banke Kitajske (uvodni izjavi (164) in (165)) zavezujoča tudi za zasebne poslovne banke.
The above citations from laws and regulations relevant for the banking sector show that the GOC policy to provide preferential lending to the photovoltaic industry extends also to privately-owned commercial banks and in fact the GOC instructs them to ‘carry out their loan business upon the needs of national economy and the social development and with the spirit of state industrial policies’ [64].
Navedene navedbe iz zakonov in predpisov, ki zadevajo bančni sektor, kažejo, da politika kitajske vlade, v okviru katere se fotonapetostni industriji zagotavljajo preferenčna posojila, vključuje tudi zasebne poslovne banke ter da jim kitajska vlada dejansko nalaga, da „svojo posojilno dejavnost izvajajo v skladu s potrebami nacionalnega gospodarstva in družbenega razvoja ter v duhu državnih industrijskih politik“ [64].
The Commission requested relevant information from the GOC in order to assess how the banks in the PRC are performing credit risk assessment of the PV companies before deciding whether to grant them loans or not and deciding on the conditions of the loans which are granted.
Komisija je od kitajske vlade zahtevala ustrezne informacije, da bi ocenila, kako banke v LRK ocenjujejo kreditno tveganje družb, ki proizvajajo fotonapetostne izdelke, pred odločanjem o odobritvi posojil in pogojih, pod katerimi se ti odobrijo.