natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Standard operating procedures
V kateri koli fazi operacije so obremenitev, masa in, razen za balone, lega masnega središča (CG) zrakoplova v skladu z omejitvami iz ustreznega priročnika.
Before commencing a specialised operation, the operator shall conduct a risk assessment, assessing the complexity of the activity to determine the hazards and associated risks inherent in the operation and establish mitigating measures.
Plakati, seznami, oznake instrumentov ali njihove kombinacije, ki vsebujejo navedene operativne omejitve iz AFM za vizualno predstavitev, so prikazani v zrakoplovu.
Based on the risk assessment, the operator shall establish standard operating procedures (SOP) appropriate to the specialised activity and aircraft used taking account of the requirements of subpart E. The SOP shall be part of the operations manual or a separate document.
Masa in ravnotežje
SOP shall be regularly reviewed and updated, as appropriate.
Operator zagotovi, da se masa zrakoplova in, razen pri balonih, CG določita z dejanskim tehtanjem pred začetkom njegove uporabe.
The operator shall ensure that specialised operations are performed in accordance with SOP.
Navedene informacije se dajo na voljo vodji zrakoplova.
SUBPART C
Če učinek predelav na maso in ravnotežje ni točno znan, se zrakoplov ponovno stehta.
AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE AND OPERATING LIMITATIONS
za jadralna letala in balone proizvajalec zrakoplova ali pa se opravi v skladu z Uredbo (ES) št. 2042/2003, kot je ustrezno.
Operating limitations — all aircraft
Sistem mase in ravnotežja – komercialne operacije z letali in helikopterji ter nekomercialne operacije s kompleksnimi zrakoplovi na motorni pogon
During any phase of operation, the loading, the mass and, except for balloons, the centre of gravity (CG) position of the aircraft shall comply with any limitation specified in the appropriate manual.
Operator določi sistem mase in ravnotežja za vsak let ali vrsto letov:
Placards, listings, instrument markings, or combinations thereof, containing those operating limitations prescribed by the AFM for visual presentation, shall be displayed in the aircraft.
suho operativno maso zrakoplova;
Mass and balance
maso napolnjenega goriva;
The operator shall ensure that the mass and, except for balloons, the CG of the aircraft have been established by actual weighing prior to initial entry into service.
tovor zrakoplova in porazdelitev tovora;
Such information shall be made available to the pilot-in-command.
vzletno in pristajalno maso in maso zrakoplova brez goriva ter
The aircraft shall be reweighed if the effect of modifications on the mass and balance is not accurately known.
lege CG zrakoplova, ki se uporabljajo.
for sailplanes and balloons, by the manufacturer of the aircraft or in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 2042/2003 as applicable.
Letalska posadka ima na voljo sredstva za pripravo dvojnikov in preverjanje vseh izračunov mase in ravnotežja, ki temeljijo na elektronskih izračunih.
Mass and balance system — commercial operations with aeroplanes and helicopters and non-commercial operations with complex motor-powered aircraft
Operator določi postopke, s katerimi vodja zrakoplova lahko določi maso napolnjenega goriva na podlagi dejanske gostote ali, če ta ni znana, na podlagi gostote, ki se izračuna po postopku iz operativnega priročnika.
The operator shall establish a mass and balance system for each flight or series of flights:
Vodja zrakoplova zagotovi, da:
aircraft dry operating mass;
natovarjanje zrakoplova poteka pod nadzorom usposobljenega osebja in
mass of the fuel load;
je prometni tovor skladen s podatki, uporabljenimi za izračun mase in ravnotežja zrakoplova.
aircraft load and load distribution;
Operator v operativnem priročniku navede načela in postopke, ki se nanašajo na nakladanje ter sistem mase in ravnotežja, ki izpolnjuje zahteve iz točk (a) do (d).
take-off mass, landing mass and zero fuel mass; and
Ta sistem zajema vse vrste predvidenih operacij.
applicable aircraft CG positions.
Podatki in dokumentacija o masi in ravnotežju – komercialne operacije z letali in helikopterji ter nekomercialne operacije s kompleksnimi zrakoplovi na motorni pogon
The flight crew shall be provided with a means of replicating and verifying any mass and balance computation based on electronic calculations.
Operator pred vsakim letom ali vrsto letov določi podatke o masi in ravnotežju ter pripravi dokumentacijo o masi in ravnotežju, v kateri sta navedena tovor in njegova porazdelitev, tako da omejitve zrakoplova za maso in ravnotežje niso presežene.
The operator shall establish procedures to enable the pilot-in-command to determine the mass of the fuel load by using the actual density or, if not known, the density calculated in accordance with a method specified in the operations manual.
Dokumentacija o masi in ravnotežju vsebuje naslednje informacije:
The pilot-in-command shall ensure that the loading of:
registracijo in tip zrakoplova;
the aircraft is performed under the supervision of qualified personnel; and
identifikacijo, številko in datum leta, kot je ustrezno;
traffic load is consistent with the data used for the calculation of the aircraft mass and balance.
ime vodje zrakoplova;
The operator shall specify, in the operations manual, the principles and methods involved in the loading and in the mass and balance system that meet the requirements contained in (a) to (d).
ime osebe, ki je pripravila dokument;
This system shall cover all types of intended operations.
suho operativno maso in ustrezno CG zrakoplova;
Mass and balance data and documentation — commercial operations with aeroplanes and helicopters and non-commercial operations with complex motor-powered aircraft
maso goriva ob vzletu in maso goriva za potovanje;
The operator shall establish mass and balance data and produce mass and balance documentation prior to each flight, or series of flights, specifying the load and its distribution in such a way that the mass and balance limits of the aircraft are not exceeded.
maso potrošnega materiala razen goriva, kot je ustrezno;
The mass and balance documentation shall contain the following information:
sestavne dele tovora;
aircraft registration and type;
vzletno maso, pristajalno maso in maso brez goriva;
flight identification, number and date, as applicable;
lege CG zrakoplova, ki se uporabljajo, ter
name of the pilot-in-command;
mejne vrednosti mase in CG.
name of the person who prepared the document;
Če se dokumentacija o masi in ravnotežju pripravlja z računalniško podprtimi sistemi za maso in ravnotežje, operator preveri celovitost izhodnih podatkov.
dry operating mass and the corresponding CG of the aircraft;
Podatki in dokumentacija o masi in ravnotežju – milejše zahteve
mass of the fuel at take-off and the mass of trip fuel;
Ne glede na SPO.POL.115(a)(5) lege CG morda ni treba navesti v dokumentaciji o masi in ravnotežju, če je porazdelitev tovora v skladu z vnaprej izračunano preglednico o ravnotežju ali če je mogoče dokazati, da je za načrtovane operacije mogoče zagotoviti ustrezno ravnotežje, ne glede na dejanski tovor.
mass of consumables other than fuel, if applicable;
Zmogljivost – splošno
load components;
Vodja zrakoplova uporablja zrakoplov samo, če zmogljivost zrakoplova omogoča upoštevanje veljavnih pravil letenja in vseh drugih omejitev, ki se uporabljajo za let, uporabljeni zračni prostor ali aerodrome ali območja delovanja, ob upoštevanju natančnosti vseh uporabljenih kart in zemljevidov.
take-off mass, landing mass and zero fuel mass;
Omejitve vzletne mase – kompleksna letala na motorni pogon
applicable aircraft CG positions; and
Operator zagotovi, da:
the limiting mass and CG values.
masa letala na začetku vzleta ne presega omejitev mase:
Where mass and balance data and documentation is generated by a computerised mass and balance system, the operator shall verify the integrity of the output data.
ob vzletu v skladu z zahtevami iz SPO.POL.130;
Mass and balance data and documentation — alleviations
na poti z enim nedelujočim motorjem (OEI) v skladu z zahtevami iz SPO.POL.135 in
Notwithstanding SPO.POL.115(a)(5), the CG position may not need not be on the mass and balance documentation, if the load distribution is in accordance with a pre-calculated balance table or if it can be shown that for the planned operations a correct balance can be ensured, whatever the real load is.
ob pristanku v skladu z zahtevami iz SPO.POL.140,
Performance — general
pri čemer upošteva pričakovano zmanjšanje mase med letom in izpuščanje goriva v zrak;
The pilot-in-command shall only operate the aircraft if the performance is adequate to comply with the applicable rules of the air and any other restrictions applicable to the flight, the airspace or the aerodromes or operating sites used, taking into account the charting accuracy of any charts and maps used.
masa na začetku vzleta nikoli ne presega največje vzletne mase iz AFM za tlačno višino, ki ustreza nadmorski višini aerodroma ali območja delovanja in, če se uporabijo kot merilo za določitev največje vzletne mase, katerim koli drugim lokalnim atmosferskim razmeram, ter
Take-off mass limitations — complex motor-powered aeroplanes
načrtovana masa ob predvidenem času pristanka na aerodromu ali območju delovanja predvidenega pristanka in na katerem koli nadomestnem namembnem aerodromu nikoli ne presega največje pristajalne mase iz AFM za tlačno višino, ki ustreza nadmorski višini navedenih aerodromov ali območij delovanja in, če se uporabijo kot merilo za določitev največje pristajalne mase, katerim koli drugim lokalnim atmosferskim razmeram.
The operator shall ensure that:
Vzlet – kompleksna letala na motorni pogon
the mass of the aeroplane at the start of take-off shall not exceed the mass limitations:
Pri določitvi največje vzletne mase vodja zrakoplova upošteva naslednje:
at take-off, as required in SPO.POL.130;
izračunana vzletna razdalja ne presega razpoložljive vzletne razdalje, pri čemer razdalja čistine ne presega polovice dolžine razpoložljive razdalje vzletnega zaleta;
en-route with one engine inoperative (OEI), as required in SPO.POL.135; and
izračunani vzletni zalet ne presega razpoložljive razdalje vzletnega zaleta;
at landing, as required in SPO.POL.140,
enotna vrednost V1 se uporablja za zaustavljeni in neprekinjeni vzlet, pri čemer je vrednost V1 navedena v AFM, in
allowing for expected reductions in mass as the flight proceeds, and for fuel jettisoning;
na mokri ali kontaminirani vzletno-pristajalni stezi vzletna masa ne presega mase, dovoljene za vzlet na suhi vzletno-pristajalni stezi pri enakih pogojih.
the mass at the start of take-off shall never exceed the maximum take-off mass specified in the AFM for the pressure altitude appropriate to the elevation of the aerodrome or operating site, and if used as a parameter to determine the maximum take-off mass, any other local atmospheric condition; and
nadaljuje vzlet in do konca vzletne poti leti na ustrezni razdalji nad vsemi ovirami, dokler ni mogoče izpolniti zahtev iz SPO.POL.135.
the estimated mass for the expected time of landing at the aerodrome or operating site of intended landing and at any destination alternate aerodrome shall never exceed the maximum landing mass specified in the AFM for the pressure altitude appropriate to the elevation of those aerodromes or operating sites and if used as a parameter to determine the maximum landing mass, any other local atmospheric condition.
Na zračni poti – en nedelujoči motor – kompleksna letala na motorni pogon
Take-off — complex motor-powered aeroplanes
Vodja zrakoplova zagotovi, da pri odpovedi motorja na kateri koli točki zračne poti večmotorno letalo lahko nadaljuje let do ustreznega aerodroma ali območja delovanja in nikoli ne leti pod najmanjšo nadmorsko višino nad ovirami.
When determining the maximum take-off mass, the pilot-in-command shall take the following into account:
Pristanek – kompleksna letala na motorni pogon
the calculated take-off distance shall not exceed the take-off distance available with a clearway distance not exceeding half of the take-off run available;
Vodja zrakoplova zagotovi, da na vsakem aerodromu ali območju delovanja, potem ko pot prileta preleti na varni razdalji nad vsemi ovirami, letalo lahko pristane in se zaustavi, vodno letalo pa ustrezno zmanjša hitrost v okviru razpoložljive pristajalne razdalje.
the calculated take-off run shall not exceed the take-off run available;
Upoštevajo se odstopanja zaradi pričakovanih razlik v tehnikah za prilet in pristanek, če niso bila upoštevana že pri načrtovanju podatkov o zmogljivosti.
a single value of V1 shall be used for the rejected and continued take-off, where a V1 is specified in the AFM; and
Operator pri upravljanju letala na višini manj kot 150 m (500 ft) nad nenaseljenim območjem za operacije letal, ki v primeru odpovedi ključnega motorja ne morejo zadržati vodoravnega leta:
on a wet or contaminated runway, the take-off mass shall not exceed that permitted for a take-off on a dry runway under the same conditions.
določi operativne postopke za čim večje zmanjšanje posledic odpovedi motorja;
to continue the take-off and clear all obstacles along the flight path by an adequate margin until the aeroplane is in a position to comply with SPO.POL.135.
vzpostavi program usposabljanja za člane posadke in
En-route — one engine inoperative — complex motor-powered aeroplanes
zagotovi, da vsi člani posadke in strokovnjaki za nalogo na zrakoplovu dobijo navodila o postopkih, ki jih je treba opraviti v primeru pristanka v sili.
The pilot-in-command shall ensure that in the event of an engine becoming inoperative at any point along the route, a multi-engined aeroplane shall be able to continue the flight to an adequate aerodrome or operating site without flying below the minimum obstacle clearance altitude at any point.
so sprejeti varnostni ukrepi, da bi se preprečilo nepotrebno ogrožanje oseb ali premoženja na tleh, ter če sta operacija in njen SOP odobrena.
Landing — complex motor-powered aeroplanes
Operator:
The pilot-in-command shall ensure that at any aerodrome or operating site, after clearing all obstacles in the approach path by a safe margin, the aeroplane shall be able to land and stop, or a seaplane to come to a satisfactory low speed, within the landing distance available.
Operator zagotovi, da vzletna in pristajalna masa ter masa pri lebdenju ne presegata najvišje mase, določene za:
Allowance shall be made for expected variations in the approach and landing techniques, if such allowance has not been made in the scheduling of performance data.
PODDEL D
When operating an aeroplane at a height of less than 150 m (500 ft) above a non-congested area, for operations of aeroplanes that are not able to sustain level flight in the event of a critical engine failure, the operator shall:
INSTRUMENTI, PODATKI IN OPREMA
establish operational procedures to minimise the consequences of an engine failure;
Letala
establish a training programme for crew members; and
Instrumenti in oprema, ki se zahtevajo v tem poddelu, se odobrijo v skladu z veljavnimi zahtevami glede plovnosti, če:
ensure that all crew members and task specialists on board are briefed on the procedures to be carried out in the event of a forced landing.
se uporabljajo za doseganje skladnosti s SPO.IDE.A.215;
safety measures are established to prevent undue hazard to persons or property on the ground and the operation and its SOP is authorised.
se uporabljajo za doseganje skladnosti s SPO.IDE.A.220 ali
The operator shall:
so vgrajeni na letalu.
The operator shall ensure that the mass at take-off, landing or hover shall not exceed the maximum mass specified for:
rezervne varovalke;
SUBPART D
samostojne prenosne svetilke;
INSTRUMENTS, DATA AND EQUIPMENT
točni časomer;
Aeroplanes
držalo za karte;
Instruments and equipment required by this Subpart shall be approved in accordance with the applicable airworthiness requirements if they are:
komplete za prvo pomoč;
used to comply with SPO.IDE.A.215;
opremo za preživetje in signaliziranje ter
used to comply with SPO.IDE.A.220; or
vodno sidro in opremo za privez.
installed in the aeroplane.
Instrumenti in oprema, ki se ne zahtevajo v tem poddelu, ter katera koli druga oprema, ki se ne zahteva v drugih veljavnih prilogah, vendar so na zrakoplovu, izpolnjujejo naslednji zahtevi:
spare fuses,
informacij, ki jih zagotavljajo ti instrumenti, oprema ali pripomočki, letalska posadka ne uporablja za izpolnjevanje zahtev iz Priloge I k Uredbi (ES) št. 216/2008 ali SPO.IDE.A.215 in SPO.IDE.A.220;
independent portable lights,
instrumenti in oprema ne vplivajo na plovnost letala, niti v primeru okvar ali napak.
an accurate time piece,
Instrumenti, ki jih uporablja kateri koli član letalske posadke, so razporejeni tako, da prikaze na njih zlahka vidi že s svojega mesta s kar najmanjšim odmikom iz položaja in vidne črte, ki ju po navadi zavzame pri gledanju naprej v smeri poti leta.
chart holder,
Let se ne začne, če kateri koli od instrumentov, delov opreme ali funkcij zrakoplova, ki so potrebni za načrtovani let, ne deluje ali manjka, razen če:
first-aid kits,
se letalo uporablja v skladu s seznamom minimalne opreme (MEL), če je pripravljen;
survival and signalling equipment, and
je pristojni organ za kompleksna letala na motorni pogon in za katero koli letalo, ki se uporablja v komercialnih operacijah, odobril operatorja za uporabo letala v okviru omejitev glavnega seznama minimalne opreme (MMEL) ali
sea anchor and equipment for mooring.
ima letalo dovoljenje za letenje, izdano v skladu z veljavnimi zahtevami glede plovnosti.
Instruments and equipment not required by this Subpart as well as any other equipment that is not required by other applicable Annexes, but is carried on a flight, shall comply with the following:
Rezervne električne varovalke
the information provided by these instruments, equipment or accessories shall not be used by the flight crew to comply with Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 or SPO.IDE.A.215 and SPO.IDE.A.220;
Letala so opremljena z rezervnimi električnimi varovalkami razredov, ki so potrebni za popolno zaščito električnega kroga, za zamenjavo varovalk, ki jih je dovoljeno zamenjati med letom.
the instruments and equipment shall not affect the airworthiness of the aeroplane, even in the case of failures or malfunction.
Letala, ki se uporabljajo ponoči, so opremljena s:
Those instruments that are used by a flight crew member shall be so arranged as to permit the flight crew member to see the indications readily from his/her station, with the minimum practicable deviation from the position and line of vision which he/she normally assumes when looking forward along the flight path.
sistemom luči proti trčenju;
A flight shall not be commenced when any of the aeroplane’s instruments, items of equipment or functions required for the intended flight are inoperative or missing, unless:
navigacijskimi/pozicijskimi lučmi;
the aeroplane is operated in accordance with the minimum equipment list (MEL), if established;
pristajalnim žarometom;
for complex-motor-powered aeroplanes and for any aeroplane used in commercial operations, the operator is approved by the competent authority to operate the aeroplane within the constraints of the master minimum equipment list (MMEL); or
razsvetljavo, ki se napaja iz električnega sistema letala, za zagotavljanje ustrezne osvetlitve vseh instrumentov in opreme, pomembnih za varno delovanje letala;
the aeroplane is subject to a permit to fly issued in accordance with the applicable airworthiness requirements.
razsvetljavo, ki se napaja iz električnega sistema letala, za zagotavljanje osvetlitve vseh prostorov za potnike;
Spare electrical fuses
samostojno prenosno svetilko za vsa mesta članov posadke in
Aeroplanes shall be equipped with spare electrical fuses, of the ratings required for complete circuit protection, for replacement of those fuses that are allowed to be replaced in flight.
lučmi zaradi uskladitve z Mednarodnimi predpisi za preprečevanje trčenj na morju, če se letalo uporablja kot vodno letalo.
Aeroplanes operated at night shall be equipped with:
Letala, ki se uporabljajo podnevi po VFR, so opremljena z napravami za merjenje in prikazovanje:
an anti-collision light system;
magnetne smeri;
navigation/position lights;
časa v urah, minutah in sekundah;
a landing light;
tlačne višine;
lighting supplied from the aeroplane’s electrical system to provide adequate illumination for all instruments and equipment essential to the safe operation of the aeroplane;
indicirane hitrosti;
lighting supplied from the aeroplane’s electrical system to provide illumination in all cabin compartments;
Machovega števila, kadar so omejitve hitrosti izražene z Machovim številom, in
an independent portable light for each crew member station; and
zdrsa v primeru kompleksnih letal na motorni pogon.
lights to conform with the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea if the aeroplane is operated as a seaplane.
Letala, ki se uporabljajo ponoči v VMC, so poleg opreme iz točke (a) opremljena še z:
Aeroplanes operated under VFR by day shall be equipped with a means of measuring and displaying the following:
napravami za merjenje in prikazovanje:
magnetic heading,
zavoja in zdrsa;
time in hours, minutes and seconds,
položaja;
pressure altitude,
navpične hitrosti in
indicated airspeed,
stabilizirane smeri;
Mach number whenever speed limitations are expressed in terms of Mach number, and
napravo za prikazovanje, kdaj žiroskopski instrumenti niso ustrezno oskrbljeni z električno energijo;
slip for complex motor-powered aeroplanes.
Kompleksna letala na motorni pogon, ki se uporabljajo v VMC nad vodo in zunaj vidnega dosega kopnega, so poleg opreme iz točk (a) in (b) opremljena še z napravo za preprečevanje napak v delovanju sistema za prikaz hitrosti, do katerih bi lahko prišlo zaradi kondenzacije ali zaledenitve.
Aeroplanes operating under VMC at night shall be, in addition to (a), equipped with:
Letala, ki se uporabljajo v pogojih, ko jih ni mogoče zadržati na želeni poti leta brez enega ali več dodatnih instrumentov, so poleg opreme iz točke (a) in (b) opremljena še z napravo za preprečevanje napak v delovanju sistema za prikaz hitrosti iz točke (a)(4), do katerih bi lahko prišlo zaradi kondenzacije ali zaledenitve.
a means of measuring and displaying the following:
Če sta za operacijo potrebna dva pilota, so letala opremljena z dodatnimi ločenimi napravami za prikazovanje:
turn and slip,
zdrsa ali zavoja in zdrsa, kot je ustrezno;
attitude,
položaja, če je ustrezno;
vertical speed, and
navpične hitrosti, če je ustrezno;
stabilised heading;
stabilizirane smeri, če je ustrezno, in
a means of indicating when the supply of power to the gyroscopic instruments is not adequate.
Machovega števila, kadar so omejitve hitrosti izražene z Machovim številom, če je ustrezno.
Complex motor-powered aeroplanes operating under VMC over water and out of sight of the land shall be, in addition to (a) and (b), equipped with a means of preventing malfunction of the airspeed indicating system due to condensation or icing.
Operacije po IFR – instrumenti za letenje in navigacijo ter povezana oprema
Aeroplanes operated in conditions where they cannot be maintained in a desired flight path without reference to one or more additional instruments, shall be, in addition to (a) and (b), equipped with a means of preventing malfunction of the airspeed indicating system required in (a)(4) due to condensation or icing.
Letala, ki se uporabljajo po IFR, so opremljena z:
Whenever two pilots are required for the operation, aeroplanes shall be equipped with an additional separate means of displaying the following:
navpične hitrosti;
slip, or turn and slip, as applicable,
stabilizirane smeri;
attitude, if applicable,
temperature zunanjega zraka in
vertical speed, if applicable
Machovega števila, če so omejitve hitrosti izražene z Machovim številom;
stabilised heading, if applicable, and
če sta za operacijo potrebna dva pilota, dodatno ločeno napravo za drugega pilota za prikazovanje:
Mach number whenever speed limitations are expressed in terms of Mach number, if applicable.
stabilizirane smeri in
Operations under IFR — flight and navigational instruments and associated equipment
Machovega števila, kadar so omejitve hitrosti izražene z Machovim številom, če je ustrezno;