natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The scheme leaves it entirely to the private companies to judge the eligibility for cover.
Poleg tega ni nujno, da je samo upravičeno podjetje vključeno v trgovino znotraj Unije.
In the absence of uniform and objective criteria for determining the risk entailed in the transactions which each exporter or trader carries out, the scheme grants private operators a degree of latitude in judging the creditworthiness of the companies that are eligible to apply for cover.
Pomoč, ki jo država članica dodeli podjetju, lahko prispeva k ohranjanju ali povečevanju dejavnosti na domačem trgu, pri čemer imajo podjetja, ustanovljena v drugih državah članicah, manj možnosti za prodor na trg zadevne države članice.
The Court of Justice has considered that to be considered as non-selective, a measure should be based on a criterion of application which is objective, has no geographic or sectoral connotation, and is in keeping with the objective of the measure [12].
Poleg tega lahko krepitev podjetja, ki do takrat ni bilo vključeno v trgovino znotraj Unije, to podjetje postavi v položaj, ki mu omogoča prodor na trg druge države članice [18].
In the present case, the absence of objective criteria for the decision to grant private cover leads to potential discrimination between beneficiaries that are in a comparable factual situation [13].
V tem primeru ukrep koristi podjetjem, dejavnim v različnih sektorjih, ki so odprti za trgovino znotraj Evropske unije.
Second, even if the criteria for access to the scheme were to be considered objective, the Court has held that the mere existence of objective criteria does not prejudge the selective nature of the measure where the measure has the effect of advantaging certain undertakings to the detriment of others.
Zato tudi prednosti, dodeljene za domače transakcije podjetij, ki so dejavna samo na portugalskem trgu, vplivajo na trgovino med državami članicami.
Thus, the Court has stated that ‘[t]he fact that the aid is not aimed at one or more specific recipients defined in advance, but that it is subject to a series of objective criteria pursuant to which it may be granted, within the framework of a predetermined overall budget allocation, to an indefinite number of beneficiaries who are not initially individually identified, cannot suffice to call in question the selective nature of the measure and, accordingly, its classification as State aid within the meaning of Article 92 of the Treaty [107(1) TFEU].At the very most, that circumstance means that the measure in question is not an individual aid.
Poleg tega je namen ukrepa podpreti komercialne trgovinske dejavnosti podjetij, ustanovljenih na Portugalskem, v nasprotju s podjetji, ustanovljenimi v drugih državah članicah.
It does not, however, preclude that public measure from having to be regarded as a system of aid constituting a selective, and therefore specific, measure if, owing to the criteria governing its application, it procures an advantage for certain undertakings or the production of certain goods, to the exclusion of others [14]’.
Zato lahko ukrep izkrivlja konkurenco na notranjem trgu.
Thus, according to the Court of Justice, State interventions should not be judged on their causes or aims, but on their effects [15].
Sklepna ugotovitev
In the case at hand, the scheme is de facto selective.
Ta projekt posledično pomeni državno pomoč v smislu člena 107(1) PDEU.
Third, in order to be of a general nature, a measure must not only be based on objective and horizontal criteria, but must also not be limited either in time or in its field of application.
Pomoč se lahko šteje za združljivo s skupnim trgom, če izpolnjuje katerega od pogojev za izjeme iz Pogodbe.
The scheme, despite Portugal's insistence on its general character, is limited both in time and in its field of application, including by the very nature of the top-up model, as has been explained above in recital 43.
ZDRUŽLJIVOST POMOČI ZA ZAVAROVATELJE
Finally, the criteria under the scheme are not in conformity with the aim and logic of the measure [16].
Komisija je v svojem sporočilu določila pogoje, pod katerimi se pomoč zavarovateljem v obliki državno podprtih shem kratkoročnih izvoznih kreditov šteje za združljivo.
Even if the scheme were to be applied in an objective manner by the private insurers, only companies which saw their cover reduced during the crisis would be eligible under the scheme.
Začasni okvir glede na finančno krizo določa pogoje uporabe sporočila.
Companies for which private insurers have cancelled credit limits completely are excluded from the scheme.
Točka 2.5 spremenjenega sporočila [19] opredeljuje „tržna tveganja“ kot trgovinska in politična tveganja v zvezi z javnimi in nejavnimi dolžniki, registriranimi v državah, ki so naštete v prilogi [20] k sporočilu.
Therefore, despite the aim of the scheme to address an alleged unavailability of cover on the private market, it does not cover the companies which are most severely affected by the reduction of the private insurance capacity in the market.
Finančne prednosti v korist zavarovateljev izvoznih posojil, ki vnesejo ali krijejo transakcijo, opredeljeno kot tržno tveganje, so običajno prepovedane.
In that respect, the design of the measure is not appropriate to address the identified market failure
V točki 3.1 sporočila je navedeno, da dejavniki, ki lahko izkrivljajo konkurenco med zasebnimi in javnimi ali javno podprtimi zavarovatelji izvoznih posojil, ki nudijo zavarovanja pred tržnimi tveganji, vključujejo pravne in dejanske državne garancije za zadolževanje in izgube.
On the basis of the foregoing considerations, the advantages conferred on the exporters and trading companies subscribing to the scheme are of a selective nature.
Take garancije omogočajo, da se zavarovatelji zadolžujejo po stopnjah, ki so nižje od običajnih tržnih stopenj ali jim izposojanje denarja omogočajo.
Effect on trade and distortion of competition
Poleg tega obidejo potrebo zavarovateljev, da se sami pozavarujejo na zasebnem trgu.
Concerning the effect on trade, the scheme covers export transactions and domestic transactions in tradable goods.
V zvezi z državami, ki niso naštete v prilogi k sporočilu, so taka tveganja v smislu sporočila „netržna“, sporočilo pa ne vključuje javne podpore za zavarovanje le-teh.
By covering domestic transactions, the scheme may potentially affect trade between Member States to the extent that it could appreciably distort trade flows, for instance by diverting economic activities from exports into domestic transactions.
Točka 4.2 sporočila določa, da „tržna tveganja“ ne morejo biti krita z zavarovanjem izvoznih posojil s pomočjo držav članic.
As regards the distortion of competition, according to the case law of the Court of Justice, the mere fact that the competitive position of an undertaking is strengthened compared to other competing undertakings, by giving it an economic benefit which it would not otherwise have received in the normal course of its business, points to a possible distortion of competition [17].
Vendar točka 4.4 sporočila določa, da lahko javni ali javno podprti zavarovatelji izvoznih posojil pod določenimi pogoji začasno krijejo ta tveganja.
As the scheme applies to exports, including for other Member States, the measure clearly affects trade flows between Member States, as it facilitates the exercise of an export activity by beneficiaries.
Zlasti je navedeno, da se tveganja, nastala v zvezi z dolžniki, registriranimi v državah, ki so naštete v prilogi k sporočilu, štejejo za začasno netržna samo, če se lahko dokaže, da kritje zasebnega zavarovanja za tveganja, ki se običajno obravnavajo kot tržna, ni na voljo.
The scheme also affects trade insofar as it covers domestic transactions.
Države članice, ki želijo uveljaviti to odstopno klavzulo, morajo zagotoviti tržno poročilo in predložiti dokaze dveh velikih, mednarodno priznanih zavarovateljev izvoznih posojil ter domačega zavarovatelja posojil, ki dokazujejo nerazpoložljivost kritja za tveganja na trgu zasebnih zavarovateljev.
It is well-established case-law that where aid granted by a Member State strengthens the position of a company compared with other competing companies in intra-Union trade, the latter should be considered affected by that aid.
Poleg tega mora javno podprt zavarovatelj izvoznih posojil, kolikor je mogoče, uskladiti svoje premijske stopnje za taka netržna tveganja s stopnjami, ki jih drugje zaračunavajo zasebni zavarovatelji izvoznih posojil za zadevno vrsto tveganj, in zagotoviti opis pogojev, ki jih namerava javni zavarovatelj izvoznih posojil uporabiti za taka tveganja.
In this regard, the fact that an economic sector has been liberalised at the level of the Union could serve to determine that the aid has a real or potential effect on the competition and affects trade between the Member States.
Da se postopek pospeši, se je do 31. decembra 2010 v začasnem okviru poenostavil dokaz, ki ga morajo zagotoviti države članice, da dokažejo nerazpoložljivost kritja.
Additionally, it is not necessary that the beneficiary company itself be involved in the trade within the Union.
Države članice so morale v ta namen predložiti dokaze, ki sta jih zagotovila velik mednarodno priznan zasebni zavarovatelj izvoznih posojil in nacionalni zavarovatelj posojil ali vsaj štirje dobro uveljavljeni izvozniki na domačem trgu.
Aid granted by a Member State to a company may contribute to maintaining or increasing the activity in the domestic market, with the result that companies established in another Member States have fewer opportunities to penetrate the market of the Member State in question.
Začasni okvir je bil podaljšan do 31. decembra 2011 [21].
Furthermore, the strengthening of an undertaking which, until then, was not involved in intra-Union trade may place that undertaking in a position that enables it to penetrate the market of another Member State [18].
Nerazpoložljivost kritja
In the present case, the measure benefits companies active in various sectors open to trade within the European Union.
Portugalska je predložila številne dopise izvoznikov, ki kažejo, da je bilo kritje za številne transakcije zavrnjeno.
Thus even advantages conferred on domestic transactions of companies active only in the Portuguese market affect trade between Member States.
Vendar Komisija meni, da v dopisih, ki so jih predložili portugalski organi, ni zadostnih dokazov za nerazpoložljivost kritja.
Moreover, the purpose of the measure is to support the commercial trading activities of companies established in Portugal as opposed to undertakings established in other Member States.
Razlogi iz dopisov o zavrnitvi so bodisi zaupni ali pa izrecno navajajo, da je vzrok za zavrnitev slab likvidnostni in finančni položaj stranke, kar je običajna poslovna praksa na pravilno delujočem trgu zavarovanj.
The measure may, therefore, distort competition in the internal market.
Portugalska je v svojem odgovoru na sklep Komisije z dne 27. oktobra 2010 o začetku formalnega postopka preiskave predložila podatke, ki kažejo zmanjšanje števila podjetij, ki sklenejo zavarovanje (upad je do konca leta 2009 v primerjavi s predhodnim letom 29,41-odstotni, do septembra 2010 pa se je povečal za nadaljnjih 12,53 %), pa tudi zmanjšanje vrednosti zavarovanega portfelja (32,84-odstotni upad konec leta 2009 v primerjavi s predhodnim letom, do septembra 2010 pa se je povečal še za nadaljnjih 22,36 %).
Conclusion
Vendar je v enem od dveh dopisov zasebnih zavarovateljev, ki jih je predložila Portugalska in ki kažejo na nerazpoložljivost kritja na zasebnem trgu (v dopisu CESCE z dne 22. novembra 2010), navedeno, da so se zaradi zmanjšanja nabavnih trgov zmanjšale tudi finančne potrebe podjetij.
Consequently, this project constitutes state aid within the meaning of Article 107(1) of the TFUE.
Zato domnevno zmanjšanje obsega zavarovanj ni zadosten dokaz za nerazpoložljivost kritja na trgu.
The aid may be considered compatible with the common market if it can qualify for one of the exceptions provided for in the Treaty.
Poleg tega bi v primeru, če kritje na zasebnem trgu dejansko ni razpoložljivo in bi nato postalo razpoložljivo, ko bi država dodelila delno kritje, to lahko pomenilo, da so zavarovatelji prejeli državno pomoč.
COMPATIBILITY OF THE AID TO INSURERS
Ker se ta trg prilagaja predvsem s količino in ne s cenami, kot je pojasnjeno v uvodni izjavi 35, razpoložljivost posojila, ki izhaja iz državne pomoči, omogoča operaterjem, ki so že prisotni na trgu, da ohranijo svoj položaj.
The Commission has laid down in its Communication conditions under which aid to insurers in the form of State-supported short-term export credit schemes is considered to be compatible.
Usklajevanje premijskih stopenj s stopnjami, ki jih zaračunavajo zasebni zavarovatelji posojil
In the context of the financial crisis, the Temporary Framework sets out the conditions of application of the Communication.
Stopnje, ki se zaračunavajo v okviru sheme, pomenijo 60 % stopnje, ki jo zaračuna zasebni zavarovatelj za kritje iste stranke.
Point 2.5 of the Communication as amended [19] defines ‘marketable risks’ as the commercial and political risks relating to public and non-public debtors established in the countries listed in the Annex [20] to the Communication.
Poleg se lahko, v nasprotju z navedbami Portugalske, tveganje, ki se v okviru sheme prenese na državo, obravnava kot večje od tveganja, ki ga samostojno krije zasebni zavarovatelj.
Financial advantages in favour of export credit insurers that enter or cover a transaction qualified as a marketable risk are normally prohibited.
Ponovno je treba poudariti, da se tveganje neplačila poveča, če se poveča zavarovani znesek.
Point 3.1 of the Communication states that factors that may distort competition between private and public or publicly supported export-credit insurers insuring marketable risks include de jure and de facto State guarantees of borrowing and losses.
Tako bi izvoznik z večjim zneskom zavarovalnega kritja z danim kupcem sklenil več trgovinskih poslov.
Such guarantees enable insurers to borrow at rates lower than the normal market rates or make it possible for them to borrow money at all.
Skupni obseg poslov bi lahko presegel sposobnost vračila s strani kupca.
Furthermore, they obviate the need for insurers to reinsure themselves on the private market,
Portugalski organi menijo, da je tveganje dodatnih transakcij manjše, ker bi izvoznik, ki je pridobil omejeno kritje, najprej zavaroval najbolj tvegane kupce;
As far as countries not listed in the Annex to the Communication are concerned, such risks are ‘non-marketable’ within the meaning of the Communication and public support for insuring them is not covered by the Communication.
izvoznik s povečanim kritjem bi postopoma zavaroval manj tvegane kupce.
Point 4.2 of the Communication provides that ‘marketable risks’ cannot be covered by export credit insurance with aid from the Member States.
Vendar argument ne upošteva dejstva, da se posojilni limiti odobrijo na kupca, zato izvoznik nima možnosti, da bi celoten dodeljeni limit uporabil izključno za posojilno najmanj sposobne kupce.
However, point 4.4 of the Communication provides that under certain conditions, these risks can be temporarily covered by public or publicly-supported export credit insurers.
Poleg tega bi argument portugalskih organov, da so dodatne zavarovane transakcije manj tvegane od transakcij, ki jih zavaruje zasebni zavarovatelj, privedel do sklepa, da zasebni zavarovatelji za določeno raven premije sprejmejo večje tveganje, medtem ko za enako raven premije ne krijejo transakcij z manjšim tveganjem.
In particular it states that risks incurred in respect of debtors established in countries listed in the Annex to the Communication are considered temporarily non-marketable only if it can be demonstrated that private insurance cover for the risks generally viewed as marketable is unavailable.
Če bi bil ta argument pravilen, bi racionalen zasebni zavarovatelj zavaroval več transakcij, kar bi povečalo njihov prihodek iz premij in zmanjšalo tveganje.
Member States which wish to invoke that escape clause must provide a market report and produce evidence from two major, internationally recognised export credit insurers as well as a national credit insurer, both demonstrating the unavailability of cover for the risks in the private insurance market.
Z drugimi besedami, argument portugalskih organov bi pokazal na neracionalno vedenje zasebnih zavarovateljev, ki bi pristali na to, da namesto manj tveganega dela portfelja zavarujejo bolj tvegan del.
Moreover, the publicly-supported export credit insurer must, as far as possible, align its premium rates for such non-marketable risks with the rates charged elsewhere by private export credit insurers for the type of risk in question and provide a description of the conditions which the public export credit insurer intends to apply in respect of such risks.
Zato tega argumenta ni mogoče sprejeti.
In order to speed up the procedure, the Temporary Framework simplified, until 31 December 2010, the proof that Member States need to produce to demonstrate the unavailability of cover.
Država je zaradi povečanega tveganja, ki ga krije ukrep, pri samostojnem dodeljevanju in oblikovanju cen prvotnega kritja izpostavljena večjim pričakovanim končnim izgubam kot zasebni zavarovatelj.
To that end, Member States had to submit evidence supplied by a large internationally recognised private export credit insurer and a national credit insurer or by at least four well-established exporters in the domestic market.
Zato mora v primeru sheme „top-up“, kadar se odločitev za razširitev kritja sprejme šele po določitvi premije za prvotni limit zavarovanja posojil, cena sheme „top-up“ odražati večje tveganje možnega presežnega kritja.
The Temporary Framework was prolonged until 31 December 2011 [21].
Argument portugalskih organov, v skladu s katerim bi podjetja izvajala škodljivo selekcijo, kar bi zagotovilo, da bi bile bolj tvegane dejavnosti krite z zasebnim zavarovanjem, ni podprt z nobenimi konkretnimi podatki, niti z znano tržno prakso.
Unavailability of cover
Najpogostejša oblika zasebnega zavarovanja kratkoročnih posojil (celotna politika prometa) zahteva, da je celoten portfelj posojilnih prodaj krit v okviru politike.
Portugal submitted a number of letters from exporters which show that they have been refused cover for a number of transactions.
Zato zavarovanemu podjetju ni omogočeno, da bi svoja tveganja zavarovalo selektivno.
Nevertheless, the Commission has not found sufficient proof of the unavailability of cover in the letters provided by the Portuguese authorities.
Komisija meni, da bi moralo dodatno zavarovanje upoštevati višjo raven pričakovanega tveganja.
The reasons provided in those letters for refusal are either confidential or explicitly state that refusal is due to the customer's poor liquidity and financial position, which is a normal business practice in a properly functioning insurance market.
Zato bi morale biti cene višje od cen, ki jih zasebni zavarovatelji zaračunavajo za osnovno kritje.
Portugal provided data, in its reply to the Commission decision of 27 October 2010 initiating the formal investigation procedure, that shows a decline in the number of firms taking up insurance (there is a 29,41 % decline up to the end of 2009 compared with the previous year, and of another 12,53 % up to September 2010), as well as a decline in the value of the insured portfolio (32,84 % decline at the end of 2009 compared with the previous year, and of another 22,36 % until September 2010).
V tem primeru so stopnje, zaračunane v okviru sheme, nižje od veljavnih stopenj na trgu zavarovanj izvoznih posojil, kar je potrdila Portugalska v svojem odgovoru na sklep Komisije z dne 27. oktobra 2010 o začetku formalnega postopka preiskave.
However, of the two letters from private insurers provided by Portugal pointing to the unavailability of cover in the private market, one of them (from CESCE, dated 22 November 2010) states that the financing needs of firms have also diminished due to the decrease of the buying markets.
Poleg tega bi morala biti v ceni upoštevana tudi raven pričakovanega tveganja.
Therefore, the alleged reduction of insured volumes is not sufficient proof of the unavailability of cover on the market.
Zato bi morale biti cene dejansko višje od tržnih cen.
Moreover, if indeed cover is unavailable in the private market and it then becomes available when the State grants a partial coverage, it could constitute a sign that the insurers have received State aid.
Glede na navedeno shema, ki jo uporabljajo zavarovatelji, ni skladna s sporočilom in začasnim okvirom.
As that market adjusts mainly by quantity not by prices, as explained in recital 35, the availability of credit deriving from the state aid allows the operators already present on the market to maintain their position.
ZDRUŽLJIVOST POMOČI ZA IZVOZNIKE IN DOMAČE TRGOVINSKE DRUŽBE
Alignment of premium rates with rates charged by private credit insurers
Združljivost ukrepa, usmerjenega k zavarovanju kratkoročnih izvoznih posojil
The rates charged under the scheme represent 60 % of the rate charged by a private insurer to cover the same client.
Člen 107(3)(c), ki se uporablja v običajnih tržnih okoliščinah, in člen 107(3)(b) PDEU, ki se uporablja v obdobju resnih motenj v gospodarstvu, omogočata, da se pomoč pod določenimi pogoji šteje za združljivo z notranjim trgom.
Further, contrary to the allegations of Portugal, the risk transferred to the State under the scheme can be considered higher than the risk covered by the private insurer on a stand-alone basis.
Komisija opozarja, da je treba člen 107(3)(b) PDEU v skladu s sodno prakso uporabljati restriktivno in da mora obravnavati motnjo v celotnem gospodarstvu države članice [22].
It should be recalled that the risk of default increases when the insured amount increases.
Da se ukrepi pomoči lahko štejejo za združljive, morajo v skladu z načeli, določenimi v začasnem okviru (odstavku 5.1), kot je bil podaljšan do 31. decembra 2012, izpolnjevati naslednja merila:
Thus, with a larger amount of insurance cover the exporter would accept to conclude more commercial transactions with a given buyer.
Primernost
The total volume of transactions could exceed the capacity to repay of the buyer.
pomoč mora biti dobro ciljno usmerjena, da se lahko učinkovito doseže cilj, tj. odprava resne motnje v gospodarstvu.
The Portuguese authorities consider that the risk of additional transactions is lower, considering that an exporter which obtained limited cover would first insure the riskiest buyers;
To se ne bi zgodilo, če ukrep ne bi bil primeren za odpravo motnje;
with increased cover, the exporter would progressively insure buyers that are less risky.
nujnost
However, that argument overlooks the fact that credit limits are granted per buyer, and therefore the exporter does not have the choice to exclusively use the entirety of the limit granted for the least credit-worthy buyers.
ukrep pomoči mora biti po višini in obliki nujen za doseganje cilja.
Moreover, the argument of the Portuguese authorities that the additional transactions insured are of lower risk than the transactions insured by the private insurer would lead to the conclusion that the private insurers accept, for a given level of premium, a higher risk, while they refuse to cover transactions with lower risk for the same level of premium.
Tako mora biti določen v minimalni višini, ki je nujna za doseganj cilja, in v obliki, ki je najbolj primerna za odpravljanje motnje.
In other words, the argument of the Portuguese authorities would point to an irrational behaviour of private insurers, who would agree to insure a riskier part of the portfolio instead of the less risky part.
sorazmernost
Therefore that argument cannot be accepted.
pozitivni učinki ukrepov morajo biti ustrezno uravnoteženi z izkrivljanjem konkurence, da bi se izkrivljanje omejilo na najmanjšo možno mero in da bi se dosegli cilji ukrepov.
As a result of the increased risk covered by the measure, the State assumes exposure to a higher expected ultimate loss than the private insurer, when granting and pricing the initial cover on a stand-alone basis.
Člen 107(1) PDEU prepoveduje vse selektivne državne ukrepe, ki lahko izkrivljajo trgovino med državami članicami.