natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Lastly, Poland argues that the development of Gdynia airport corresponds to the objectives of national and regional strategic documents concerning the development of aviation infrastructure in Poland.
namenjena financiranju predhodno opredeljenega niza izdatkov;
Poland clarifies that the development of Gdynia airport has an expected positive impact on the development of the Pomeranian Region and the use of existing military infrastructure, and is complementary to Gdansk Airport.
omejena na nujni najnižji znesek in dodeljena začasno (pomoč za stroške poslovanja je dodeljena v tolikšnem znesku in za tako obdobje, kot je potrebno za začetek delovanja letališča, tj. do konca leta 2018);
Necessity and proportionality of infrastructure
je degresivna in se postopno zmanjšuje z […] % naložb v osnovna sredstva v letu 2013 na […] % v letu 2018;
Poland argues that the infrastructure is necessary and proportionate to the objective set because of its small scale of the airport’s operations (1,55 % share in the Polish aviation market in 2030), forecasts for passenger traffic volumes that exceed Gdansk airport’s expansion capacity, the attractiveness of the region for tourism and the projected high rate of development for the Pomeranian Region.
je namenjena doseganju ciljev projekta v zvezi z regionalnim razvojem in odpravljanju sedanjih omejitev.
Poland emphasizes the strategic role of the military airport of Gdynia in the region and notes that the use of the existing infrastructure minimizes investment costs and maximizes the positive impact on the regional development.
Glede na razmerje med zneskom pomoči in njenim koristnim vplivom na razvoj Pomorjanske Poljska trdi, da je treba pomoč šteti za sorazmerno.
Poland also points out that the costs have been minimized and the effectiveness of the investment has been increased through the implementation of technical solutions such as, for example, the construction of the general aviation terminal for both general aviation and passenger traffic, the placement of the majority of airport services (border guards, customs offices, the police, fire brigade, management) in a single building and the adaptation of other existing buildings to optimise their use.
Poljska še poudarja, da je pomoč namenjena malemu letališču z največjo zmogljivost milijona potnikov na leto, kar pomeni, da je tveganje, da bi izkrivljala konkurenco in imela učinek, ki je v nasprotju s skupnim interesom, zelo majhno, zlasti glede na načrtovano sodelovanje med letališčema Gdynia in Gdansk in dopolnjevanje njunih dejavnosti.
Moreover, operating costs of the infrastructure will be shared with the army.
Poljska prav tako poudarja, da se bodo zaradi sodelovanja, v zvezi s katerim trenutno potekajo pogajanja z vojaškim uporabnikom letališča, in udeležbe tega uporabnika pri stroških poslovanja letališča zmanjšali izgube in stroški poslovanja družbe.
Satisfactory medium-term prospects for use
PRIPOMBE TRETJIH OSEB
Poland points out that given the GDP growth in the Pomeranian Region that is expected to be higher than the average growth for Poland and the EU, the region’s touristic attractiveness, its status as a hub of foreign investments and increasing air traffic forecasts, the medium-term prospects for use for Gdynia airport are satisfactory.
Komisija po objavi sklepa o začetku postopka na podlagi člena 108(2) PDEU ni prejela pripomb zainteresiranih strani v zvezi s financiranjem, ki sta ga družbi Gdynia-Kosakowo Airport Ltd dodelila Gdynia in Kosakowo.
Poland stresses that the planned collaboration with Gdansk airport and the complementarity of services offered by the two airports (as such, Gdynia airport will be dedicated mainly to general aviation traffic) further strengthen the medium and long-term prospects for Gdynia airport.
ANALIZA
Poland further explains that the airport has also plans to develop specialised aviation-related activities within the airport zone, such as for example a production of simple service components, refitting of parts in aircrafts or the production of other components/products for which deliveries are handled in the ‘just in time’ model.
OBSTOJ DRŽAVNE POMOČI
Poland points out that a letter of intent, signed by a commercial bank that expresses the bank’s willingness to open talks on financing the investment into Gdynia airport is another proof of the project’s attractiveness.
Skladno s členom 107(1) PDEU je „vsaka pomoč, ki jo dodeli država članica ali kakršna koli vrsta pomoči iz državnih sredstev, ki izkrivlja ali bi lahko izkrivljala konkurenco z dajanjem prednosti posameznim podjetjem ali proizvodnji posameznega blaga, nezdružljiva s skupnim trgom, kolikor prizadene trgovino med državami članicami“.
Impact on the development of trade contrary to the common interest
Merila iz člena 107(1) PDEU so kumulativna.
Since Gdynia airport is to be an airport with a small market share (and would serve less than 1 million passengers per annum), Poland considers that the impact on trade of the project is not contrary to the common interest.
Za določitev, ali zadevni ukrep pomeni državno pomoč v smislu člena 107(1) PDEU, morajo biti torej izpolnjeni vsi naslednji pogoji.
In the light of projected growth in air traffic, Poland foresees that the airports of Gdansk and Gdynia will form a collaborating aviation hub serving the Pomeranian Tricity area offering complementary services.
In sicer za finančno podporo velja, da:
Poland stresses that Gdynia airport will not be a competitor for Gdansk airport as it will focus on the provision of services for general aviation sector (maintenance, repair and overhaul services, a flight academy), and collaboration with Gdynia seaport.
jo mora dodeliti država ali mora biti dodeljena iz državnih sredstev;
Poland further argues that charter and low-cost traffic at Gdynia airport will not be at the cost of Gdansk airport, but will result from an overall increase in wealth and mobility of the population.
mora dajati prednost nekaterim podjetjem ali proizvodnji nekega blaga;
Poland points out that taking into account the rate at which Gdansk airport is growing and the nature of the aircraft operations it handles, there is a risk that Gdansk airport will soon have to limit the number of flights or, in the long-term.
mora vplivati na trgovino med državami članicami.
Poland states that these conclusions are presented in the environmental impact assessment report on the project ‘Expansion of the Lech Walesa Gdansk Airport’.
Gospodarska dejavnost in pojem podjetja
Poland clarifies that the investment into Gdynia airport may limit financial and social costs that will have to be borne if the operation at Gdansk airport would be restricted.
V skladu z uveljavljeno sodno prakso mora Komisija najprej ugotoviti, ali je družba Gdynia-Kosakowo Airport Ltd podjetje v smislu člena 107(1) PDEU.
Poland points out that taking over a part of air traffic from Gdansk airport by Gdynia airport will result in a better use of the capacity of both airports.
Pojem „podjetje“ zajema vse subjekte, ki opravljajo gospodarsko dejavnost, ne glede na njihov pravni položaj in način financiranja [27].
Necessity of aid and incentive effect
Katera koli dejavnost ponudbe blaga in storitev na določenem trgu je gospodarska dejavnost [28].
Poland argues that the company would not have carried out the project without public financing.
Sodišča je v sodbi o „letališču Leipzig-Halle“ potrdilo, da upravljanje letališča za komercialni namen in gradnja letališče infrastrukture pomenita gospodarsko dejavnost [29].
Poland notes that the aid was limited to a minimum and costs of the project were reduced and optimised through the use of existing military infrastructure.
Ko začne upravljavec letališča opravljati gospodarske dejavnosti, tako da zagotavlja plačljive letališke storitve, se ne glede na njegov pravni položaj ali način financiranja šteje za podjetje v smislu člena 107(1) PDEU, zato se pravila Pogodbe o državni pomoči lahko uporabljajo za prednost, ki mu jo je dodelila država ali ki mu je bila dodeljena iz državnih sredstev [30].
In the view of Poland, the capital injections into Gdynia airport are necessary and limited to a minimum, as evidenced by:
Komisija v zvezi s tem ugotavlja, da bo infrastrukturo, ki je predmet tega sklepa, upravljavec letališča, družba Gdynia-Kosakowo Airport Ltd, upravljal za komercialni namen.
the project’s internal rate of return of […] % that is only slightly higher than the discount rate (cost of equity), equal to […] % (based on the 2012 MEIP Study);
Ker bodo morali uporabniki upravljavcu letališča plačati za uporabo te infrastrukture, jo je treba obravnavati, kot da se izkorišča v komercialne namene.
the necessity to use a working capital loan to finance the airport’s operations as otherwise the Company might lose liquidity according to financial projections;
Iz tega sledi, da subjekt, ki izkorišča to infrastrukturo, pomeni podjetje v smislu člena 107(1) PDEU.
the fact that the total financing from the equity capital is lower than total capital expenditure (financing from the equity capital accounts for less than […] of total cash costs in the forecasted period, including total capital expenditure).
Vendar vse dejavnosti upravljavca letališča niso nujno gospodarske [31].
Poland further clarifies the proportionality of the aid measure by comparing its public financing (ca.
Sodišče [32] je razsodilo, da dejavnosti, ki običajno spadajo v pristojnost države pri izvrševanju njenih uradnih pooblastil kot javnega organa, niso gospodarske in ne spadajo na področje uporabe pravil o državni pomoči.
PLN 148 in real terms) with that of a greenfield investment (Lublin-Świdnik Airport, ca.
Take dejavnosti vključujejo na primer varnost, kontrolo zračnega prometa, dejavnosti policije, carino itd. Financiranje mora biti strogo omejeno na nadomestilo za stroške, ki nastanejo zaradi teh dejavnosti, in se ne sme uporabiti za financiranje drugih gospodarskih dejavnosti [33].
PLN 420 million net construction costs) and an investment based on a military airport (Warsaw-Modlin Airport, ca.
Zato financiranje dejavnosti, ki spadajo na področje javne politike, ali infrastrukture, neposredno povezane s temi dejavnostmi, na splošno ne pomeni državne pomoči [34].
PLN 454 million construction cost to date).
Dejavnosti na letališčih, kot so kontrola zračnega prometa, dejavnosti policije, carine in gasilcev, dejavnosti, ki so potrebne za varovanje civilnega letalstva pred dejanji nezakonitega vmešavanja, in naložbe, povezane s potrebno infrastrukturo in opremo za izvajanje teh dejavnosti, se na splošno štejejo za negospodarske dejavnosti [35].
In view of Poland, the operating aid for the project:
Če je torej v nekem pravnem sistemu običajno, da letalske družbe ali upravljavci letališča krijejo stroške nekaterih storitev, medtem ko nekaterim družbam ali upravljavcem letališča, ki zagotavljajo enake storitve po pooblastilu istih javnih organov, ni treba kriti teh stroškov, imajo lahko zadnjenavedeni prednost, čeprav te storitve same po sebi veljajo za negospodarske.
is allocated to finance a part of predetermined expenditure;
Zato je treba opraviti analizo pravnega okvira, ki se uporablja za upravljavca letališča, da se ugotovi, ali morajo v tem pravnem okviru upravljavci letališča ali letalske družbe kriti stroške zagotavljanja nekaterih dejavnosti, ki bi lahko bile same po sebi negospodarske, vendar so neločljivo povezane z izvajanjem njihovih gospodarskih dejavnosti.
is limited to a necessary minimum and granted on a transitory basis (the aid for operating costs is granted to the extent and for the period necessary to put an airport into operation, i.e. until the end of 2018);
Čeprav se dejavnosti iz uvodne izjave 88 lahko štejejo za negospodarske, Komisija ugotavlja, da morajo v skladu s poljsko zakonodajo [37] upravljavci letališča financirati objekte in opremo, ki so potrebni za izvajanje teh dejavnosti, iz lastnih sredstev.
is degressive and decreases from […] % of capital expenditure in 2013 to […] % in 2018;
Komisija zato meni, da javno financiranje, zagotovljeno upravljavcu letališča Gdynia za zgoraj navedene objekte in opremo, tega upravljavca razbremeni stroškov, ki so neločljivo povezani z njegovo gospodarsko dejavnostjo (glej oddelek 5.1.3).
is designed to meet the project’s goals of regional development and alleviation of existing limitations.
Komisija zato ugotavlja, da bi bilo treba kapital, dodeljen za te objekte in opremo, vključiti v izračun donosnosti zadevne naložbe.
Taking into account the size of the aid in relation to its beneficial effects on the development of the Pomeranian Region, in view of Poland, it must be stated to be proportional.
Pri tem Komisija uporablja pristop, ki ga je Poljska pravilno upoštevala v študijah načela VPTP.
Furthermore, Poland stresses that the aid is intended for a small airport with up to 1 million passengers per annum and, as such, poses a minimum risk to the distortion of competition and the exertion of an effect contrary to the common interest, particularly in the context of planned collaboration between, and complementarity of, Gdynia and Gdansk airports.
Državna sredstva in pripisovanje državi
Poland also points out that the currently negotiated cooperation with, and participation in the airport’s operating costs by the military user of the airport will reduce company’s losses and operating costs.
Pojem državne pomoči se uporablja za vsako prednost, ki jo iz državnih sredstev dodeli država sama ali posrednik, ki deluje na podlagi dodeljenih pooblastil [38].
OBSERVATIONS FROM THIRD PARTIES
V smislu člena 107 PDEU so sredstva lokalnih organov državna sredstva [39].
The Commission has not received observations from interested parties following the publication of its decision to initiate the procedure provided for in Article 108(2) of the TFEU in respect to the financing granted to Gdynia-Kosakowo Airport Ltd by Gdynia and Kosakowo.
V tej zadevi so bile dokapitalizacije družbe Gdynia-Kosakowo Airport Ltd opravljene iz proračuna dveh lokalnih organov, Gdynie in Kosakowega.
ASSESSMENT
Komisija zato meni, da so sredstva zadevnih občin državna sredstva.
EXISTENCE OF STATE AID
Zato Komisija meni, da so se naložbe financirale iz državnih sredstev in jih je mogoče pripisati državi.
By virtue of Article 107(1) of the TFEU ‘…any aid granted by a Member State or through State resources in any form whatsoever which distorts or threatens to distort competition by favouring certain undertakings or the production of certain goods shall, in so far as it affects trade between Member States, be incompatible with the internal market.’
Gospodarska prednost
The criteria provided for in Article 107(1) of the TFEU are cumulative.
Komisija ugotavlja, da Poljska po eni strani trdi, da so dokapitalizacije v skladu z načelom VPTP, vendar po drugi strani meni, da je pomoč združljiva, saj upravljavec letališča naložbe ne bi opravil brez javnega financiranja.
Therefore, in order to determine whether the measure in question constitutes aid within the meaning of Article 107(1) of the TFEU all of the following conditions need to be fulfilled.
Za ugotovitev, ali zadevni ukrep v tej zadevi omogoča družbi Gdynia-Kosakowo Airport Ltd prednost, ki je pod običajnimi tržnimi pogoji ne bi dobila, mora Komisija primerjati ravnanje javnih delničarjev družbe, ki upravlja letališče, z ravnanjem vlagatelja pod tržnimi pogoji, ki upošteva dolgoročna pričakovanja v zvezi z donosnostjo [40].
Namely, the financial support should:
Pri presoji se ne smejo upoštevati pozitivni vplivi na gospodarstvo regije, v kateri je letališče, saj je Sodišče pojasnilo, da je pri uporabi študije načela VPTP pomembno vprašanje, „ali bi v podobnih okoliščinah zasebni delničar ob upoštevanju predvidljivih možnosti donosa ter ne glede na socialne dejavnike, dejavnike regionalne politike in sektorsko problematiko vpisal zadevni kapital“ [41].
be granted by the State or through State resources;
Poljska trdi, da zadevni ukrepi ne dajejo gospodarske prednosti upravljavcu letališča Gdynia, ker so skladni z načelom VPTP.
favour certain undertakings or the production of certain goods;
Kot je opisano v oddelku 3.1, je Poljska to trditev podprla s predložitvijo treh študij načela VPTP, ki jih je opravila družba PWC [42].
distort or threaten to distort competition;
Novembra 2013 je Poljska dodatno trdila, da bodo novi viri prihodkov (tj. prodaja goriva in navigacijske storitve) povečali neto sedanjo vrednost projekta.
and
V času sprejetju sklepa o začetku postopka je Poljska predložila samo dopolnjeno študijo načela VPTP iz leta 2012.
affect trade between Member States.
Čeprav morata v skladu z delničarskim sporazumom iz leta 2011 Gdynia in Kosakowo prispevati denarna sredstva in stvarne vložke za financiranje naložbenega projekta do leta 2040, Poljska trdi, da so za ugotovitev, ali so dokapitalizacije združljive z notranjim trgom, pomembne samo dopolnjena študija načela VPTP iz leta 2012 in poznejše informacije o dodatnih tokovih prihodkov.
Economic activity and notion of undertaking
V sodbi Stardust Marine je Sodišče odločilo, da je „[…] za preučitev vprašanja, ali je država ravnala kot preudaren vlagatelj, ki deluje pod pogoji tržnega gospodarstva, potrebna umestitev v obdobje, v katerem so bili sprejeti ukrepi finančne podpore, da se ugotovi gospodarska racionalnost ravnanja države in s tem prepreči kakršna koli presoja na podlagi poznejših razmer“ [43].
According to settled case law, the Commission must first establish whether the Gdynia-Kosakowo Airport Ltd is an undertaking within the meaning of Article 107(1) of the TFEU.
Polega tega je Sodišče v zadevi EDF razsodilo, da „[…] ekonomske ocene, izvedene po dodelitvi take prednosti, naknadna ugotovitev dejanskega donosa naložbe, ki jo izvede zadevna država članica, ali naknadne utemeljitve dejansko uporabljenega postopka ne morejo zadostovati za dokaz, da je ta država članica predhodno ali sočasno s to dodelitvijo tako odločitev sprejela kot delničarka“ [44].
The concept of an undertaking covers any entity engaged in an economic activity, regardless of its legal status and the way in which it is financed [27].
Da bi lahko uporabila načelo VPTP, mora Komisija upoštevati obdobje, v katerem so bile sprejete posamezne odločitve o preureditvi nekdanjega vojaškega letališča v civilno letališče.
Any activity consisting in offering goods or services on a given market is an economic activity [28].
Komisija mora svojo presojo utemeljiti tudi z informacijami in predpostavkami, ki sta jih imela na voljo javna delničarja ob sprejetju odločitve glede financiranja naložbenega projekta.
In its ‘Leipzig-Halle airport’ judgment the Court of Justice confirmed that the operation of an airport for commercial purpose and the construction of the airport infrastructure constitute an economic activity [29].
Komisija meni, da je študija načela VPTP iz leta 2010 prva pomembna analiza za opredelitev, ali sta občini Gdynia in Kosakowo ravnali kot zasebni vlagatelj.
Once an airport operator engages in economic activities by offering airport services against remuneration, regardless of its legal status or the way in which it is financed, it constitutes an undertaking within the meaning of Article 107(1) of the TFEU, and the Treaty rules on State aid are therefore capable of applying to advantages granted by the State or through State resources to that airport operator [30].
Presojo, ali je državna intervencija skladna s tržnimi pogoji, je treba dejansko opraviti na podlagi predhodne analize ob upoštevanju informacij in podatkov, ki so bili na voljo ob sprejetju odločitve o naložbi.
In this regard the Commission notes that the infrastructure which is the subject of the present decision is to be operated on a commercial basis by the airport manager, Gdynia-Kosakowo Airport Ltd Since the airport manager will charge users for the use of this infrastructure, the latter is commercially exploitable.
Ob koncu leta 2010 so bili stroški teh študij […] milijonov PLN ([…] milijonov EUR) [45].
It follows that the entity exploiting this infrastructure constitutes an undertaking for the purposes of Article 107(1) of the TFEU.
Poleg tega sta po navedbah Poljske leta 2010 javna delničarja družbe, ki upravlja letališče, končala priprave za zadevni naložbeni projekt.
However, not all the activities of an airport manager are necessarily of an economic nature [31].
Istega leta sta javna delničarja povečala delniški kapital družbe na 6,05 milijona PLN (približno 1,5 milijona EUR) za izvedbo naložbenega projekta.
The Court of Justice [32] has held that activities that normally fall under State responsibility in the exercise of its official powers as a public authority are not of an economic nature and do not fall within the scope of the rules on State aid.
Če naložbeni načrt ne bi pokazal sprejemljive stopnje donosa ali bi temeljil na vprašljivih predpostavkah, zasebni vlagatelj ne bi začel izvajati načrta in zanj ne bi zapravil dodatnih denarnih sredstev poleg tistih, ki jih je že porabil za pripravljalna dela, navedena v zgornji uvodni izjavi.
Such activities include for example security, air traffic control, police, customs, etc.
Dokapitalizacije
The financing has to be strictly limited to compensation of the costs to which they give rise and may not be used instead to fund other economic activities [33].
Ob tem je bil marca 2011 podpisan sporazum o nadaljnjih dokapitalizacijah (do leta 2040) za financiranje projekta preureditve (naveden v uvodni izjavi 33) (celo pred zaključkom druge študije načela VPTP 13. maja 2011).
Therefore, the financing of activities falling within the public policy remit or of infrastructure directly related to those activities in general does not constitute State aid [34].
Poleg tega sta bila hkrati sklenjena sporazum o poslovanju z vojaškim uporabnikom letališča (7. marca 2011) in zakupna pogodba za zemljišče družbe (11. marca 2011, navedena v uvodni izjavi 33 zgoraj).
At an airport, activities such as air traffic control, police, customs, fire fighting, activities necessary to safeguard civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference and the investments relating to the infrastructure and equipment necessary to perform these activities are considered in general to be of a non-economic nature [35].
Čeprav je mogoče, da bi zasebni vlagatelj zaradi spremenjenih okoliščin med izvajanjem prilagodil naložbeni načrt, je jasno, da bi vsak zasebni vlagatelj preučil utemeljenost zadevnega naložbenega projekta leta 2010, preden bi začel vanj vlagati precejšnja sredstva.
However, public financing of non-economic activities necessarily linked to the carrying out of an economic activity, must not lead to undue discrimination between airlines and airport managers.
Preden je bila leta 2011 opravljena prva dopolnitev študije načela VPTP, sta javna delničarja v družbo že vložila 6,05 milijona PLN (glej preglednico 3).
Indeed, it is established case law that there is an advantage when public authorities relieve undertakings of the costs inherent to their economic activities [36].
Družba je že dobila v zakup zemljišče za letališče od Kosakowega (zakupna pogodba med družbo Gdynia-Kosakowo Airport Ltd in Kosakowim je bila podpisana 11. marca 2011) in je podpisala sporazum o poslovanju z vojaškim uporabnikom letališča (7. marca 2011).
Therefore, if in a given legal system it is normal that airlines or airport managers bear the costs of certain services, whereas some airlines or airport managers providing the same services on behalf of the same public authorities do not have to bear those costs, the latter may enjoy an advantage, even if those services are considered in themselves as non-economic.
Polega tega sta 11. marca 2011 delničarja podpisala sporazum o povečanjih delniškega kapitala družbe do leta 2040 [46].
Therefore, an analysis of the legal framework applicable to the airport operator is necessary in order to assess whether under that legal framework airport managers or airlines are required to bear the cost of the provision of some activities that might be non-economic in themselves but are inherent to the deployment of their economic activities.
Preden je bila julija 2012 končana druga dopolnitev študije načela VPTP, sta javna delničarja skupaj vložila 64,810 milijona PLN (tj. približno 70 % vsega vloženega kapitala).