natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
If needed, vessels (denoted FI) for checking a possible inhibitory effect of the test chemical containing both the test chemical and reference chemical at the same concentrations (paragraph 24) as in bottles FT and FC, respectively;
po potrebi posode (označene s FI) za preverjanje morebitnega zaviralnega učinka preskusne kemikalije, ki vsebujejo enako koncentracijo preskusne kemikalije in referenčne kemikalije (odstavek 24) kot v steklenicah FT oziroma FC;
Vessels (denoted FS) for checking a possible abiotic degradation as (a) plus 50 mg/l HgCl2 or sterilised by some other means (e.g. by autoclaving).
posode (označene s FS) za preverjanje morebitne abiotske razgradnje, enako kot (a) z dodatkom 50 mg/l HgCl2 ali se sterilizirajo drugače (npr. z avtoklaviranjem).
Water-soluble test chemicals and reference chemicals are added as aqueous stock solutions (paragraphs 22, 23 and 24) to give a concentration of 10 to 20 mg C/l.
Vodotopne preskusne kemikalije in referenčne kemikalije se dodajo kot vodne osnovne raztopine (odstavki 22, 23 in 24), da nastane koncentracija 10 do 20 mg C/l.
Insoluble test chemicals and insoluble reference chemicals are added to bottles in a variety of ways (see paragraph 22a-e) according to the nature of the test chemical, either before or after addition of the inoculated medium, depending on the method of treatment of the test chemical.
Netopne preskusne kemikalije in netopne referenčne kemikalije se dodajo v steklenice na različne načine (glej odstavek 22(a–e)), glede na naravo preskusne kemikalije bodisi pred dodatkom inokuliranega medija ali po njem, odvisno od načina obdelave preskusne kemikalije.
If one of the procedures given in paragraph 22a-e is used, then the blank bottles FB (paragraph 42b) should be treated in a similar fashion but excluding the test chemical or reference chemical.
Če se uporabi eden od postopkov iz odstavka 22(a–e), je treba s steklenicami FB s slepim vzorcem (odstavek 42(b)) ravnati podobno, vendar brez preskusne kemikalije in referenčne kemikalije.
Volatile test chemicals should be injected into sealed bottles (paragraph 47) using a micro syringe.
Hlapne preskusne kemikalije je treba vbrizgati v zaprte posode (odstavek 47) z mikrobrizgo.
The dose is calculated from the volume injected and the density of the test chemical.
Odmerek se izračuna iz vbrizgane količine in gostote preskusne kemikalije.
Water should be added to vessels, where necessary, to give the same liquid volume in each vessel.
Po potrebi je treba v posode dodati vodo, da je v vsaki posodi enaka količina tekočine.
It must be ensured that the headspace to liquid ratio (usually 1:2) and concentration of the test chemical are such that sufficient oxygen is available in the headspace to allow for complete biodegradation.
Treba je zagotoviti, da sta razmerje med nadprostorom in tekočino (običajno 1 : 2) ter koncentracija preskusne kemikalije taka, da je v nadprostoru na voljo dovolj kisika za popolno biološko razgradnjo.
All bottles are then sealed for example, with butyl rubber septa and aluminium caps.
Vse steklenice se nato zatesnijo, na primer s septumi iz butilne gume in aluminijastimi pokrovčki.
Volatile tests chemicals should be added at this stage (paragraph 45).
V tej fazi je treba dodati hlapne preskusne kemikalije (odstavek 45).
If the decrease in DOC concentration of the test solution is to be monitored and for time zero analyses to be performed for initial IC concentration (sterile controls, paragraph 42e) or other determinands, remove an appropriate sample from the test vessel.
Če je treba spremljati zniževanje koncentracije DOC v preskusni raztopini in če je treba za začetno koncentracijo IC (sterilni kontrolni vzorci, odstavek 42(e)) ali druge determinante opraviti analizo ob času nič, se iz preskusne posode odvzame ustrezni vzorec.
The test vessel and its contents are then discarded.
Preskusna posoda in njena vsebina se nato zavržeta.
The sealed bottles are placed on a rotary shaker (paragraph 15d), with a shaking rate sufficient to keep the bottle contents well mixed and in suspension (e.g. 150 to 200 rpm), and incubated in the dark at 20 °C, to be kept within ± 1 °C.
Zaprte posode se položijo na rotacijski stresalnik (odstavek 15(d)), pri čemer mora biti hitrost stresanja zadostna, da vsebina steklenic ostaja dobro premešana in v obliki suspenzije (npr. 150 do 200 vrtljajev na minuto), ter se inkubirajo v temi pri 20 °C, pri čemer se temperatura ohranja v razponu ± 1 °C.
The pattern of sampling will depend on the lag period and kinetic rate of biodegradation of the test chemical.
Način vzorčenja je odvisen od časa prilagajanja in kinetične hitrosti biološke razgradnje preskusne kemikalije.
Bottles are sacrificed for analysis on the day of sampling, which should be at least weekly or more frequently (e.g. twice per week) if a complete degradation curve is required.
Steklenice se za analizo žrtvujejo na dan vzorčenja, kar bi moralo biti vsaj tedensko ali pogosteje (npr. dvakrat tedensko), če je potrebna popolna krivulja razgradnje.
The requisite number of replicate bottles is taken from the shaker, representing FT, FB and FC and, if used FI and FS (see paragraph 42).
Iz stresalnika se vzame potrebno število ponovitvenih steklenic, ki predstavljajo FT, FB in FC ter FI in FS, če sta uporabljena (glej odstavek 42).
The test normally runs for 28d.
Preskus običajno traja 28 dni.
If the biodegradation curve indicates that a plateau has been attained before 28d, the test may be concluded earlier than 28d.
Če krivulja biološke razgradnje kaže, da je bila konstantna raven dosežena pred 28. dnem, se lahko preskus konča prej kot v 28 dneh.
Take samples from the five bottles reserved for the 28th day of the test for analysis and use the results to calculate the confidence limits or coefficient of variation of percentage biodegradation.
Vzamejo se vzorci iz petih steklenic, prihranjenih za 28. dan preskusa za analizo, rezultati pa se uporabijo za izračun intervala zaupanja ali koeficienta variacije deleža biološke razgradnje.
Bottles representing the checks for inhibition and for abiotic degradation need not be sampled as frequently as the other bottles; day 1 and day 28 would be sufficient.
Steklenic, ki se uporabljajo za preverjanje zaviranja in abiotske razgradnje, ni treba vzorčiti tako pogosto kot druge steklenice; zadostuje vzorčenje 1. in 28. dan.
Inorganic carbon (IC) analysis
Analiza anorganskega ogljika (IC)
production in the bottles is determined by measuring the increase in the concentration of inorganic carbon (IC) during incubation.
Nastajanje CO2 v steklenicah se določi z merjenjem povečanja koncentracije anorganskega ogljika (IC) med inkubacijo.
There are two recommended methods available for measuring the amount of IC produced in the test, and these are described immediately below.
Za merjenje količine IC, ki nastane pri preskusu, sta na voljo dve priporočeni metodi, ki sta opisani spodaj.
Since the methods can give slightly different results only one should be used in a test run.
Ker se lahko njuni rezultati med seboj nekoliko razlikujejo, naj se v posameznem preskusu uporabi samo ena od njiju.
Method (a) is recommended if the medium is likely to contain remnants of, for example, a glass-filter paper and/or insoluble test chemical.
Metoda (a) je priporočena, če medij verjetno vsebuje ostanke, na primer, filtrirnega papirja iz steklenih vlaken in/ali netopne preskusne kemikalije.
This analysis can be performed using a gas chromatograph if a carbon analyser is not available.
Ta analiza se lahko izvede s plinskim kromatografom, če ni na voljo analizator organskega ogljika.
It is important that the bottles should be at or close to the test temperature when the headspace gas is analysed.
Pomembno je, da imajo steklenice pri analizi plina v nadprostoru preskusno temperaturo ali da je njihova temperatura blizu preskusne temperature.
Method (b) can be easier for laboratories using carbon analysers to measure IC.
Metoda (b) je morda lažja za laboratorije, ki za merjenje IC uporabljajo analizator ogljika.
It is important that the sodium hydroxide solution (paragraph 21) used to convert CO2 to carbonate is either freshly prepared or its IC content is known, so that this can be taken into account when calculating the test results (see paragraph 66-b.)
Pomembno je, da je raztopina natrijevega hidroksida (odstavek 21), ki se uporablja za pretvorbo CO2 v karbonat, bodisi sveže pripravljena ali pa je znana vsebnost IC v njej, tako da se ta lahko upošteva pri izračunavanju preskusnih rezultatov (glej odstavek 66(b)).
acidification to pH < 3
zakisanje na pH < 3
Before each batch of analyses, the IC analyser is calibrated using an appropriate IC standard (e.g. 1 % w/w CO2 in N2).
Pred vsako serijo analiz se analizator IC umeri z ustreznim standardom za IC (npr. 1 % w/w CO2 v N2).
Concentrated orthophosphoric acid (paragraph 20) is injected through the septum of each bottle sampled to lower the pH of the medium to < 3 (e.g. add 1 ml to 107 ml test medium).
Koncentrirana ortofosforna kislina (odstavek 20) se vbrizga skozi septum posamezne vzorčene steklenice, da se pH medija zniža na < 3 (npr. 107 ml preskusnega medija dodamo 1 ml).
The bottles are placed back on the shaker.
Steklenice se vrnejo na stresalnik.
After shaking for one hour at the test temperature the bottles are removed from the shaker, aliquots (e.g. 1 ml) of gas are withdrawn from the headspace of each bottle and injected into the IC analyser.
Po enournem stresanju pri preskusni temperaturi se odstranijo s stresalnika, iz nadprostora posamezne steklenice pa se odvzamejo alikvoti (npr. 1 ml) plina in vbrizgajo v analizator IC.
The measured IC concentrations are recorded as mg C/l.
Izmerjene koncentracije IC se zapišejo kot mg C/l.
The principle of this method is that after acidification to pH < 3 and equilibration at 20 °C, the equilibrium constant for the distribution of CO2 between the liquid and gaseous phases in the test bottles is 1,0 when measured as a concentration (13).
Načelo te metode je, da je po zakisanju na pH < 3 in uravnoteženju pri 20 °C konstanta ravnotežja za porazdelitev CO2 med tekočinsko in plinsko fazo v preskusnih steklenicah 1,0, če je merjena kot koncentracija (13).
This should be demonstrated for the test system at least once as follows:
To je treba za preskusni sistem dokazati vsaj enkrat na naslednji način:
Set up bottles containing 5 and 10 mg/l as IC using a solution of anhydrous sodium carbonate (Na2 CO3) in CO2-free water prepared by acidifying water to pH 6,5 with concentrated ortho-phosphoric acid (paragraph 20), sparging overnight with CO2-free air and raising the pH to neutrality with alkali.
Pripravijo se steklenice, ki vsebujejo 5 in 10 mg/l IC, tako da se uporabi raztopina brezvodnega natrijevega karbonata (Na2CO3) v vodi brez CO2, ki se pripravi z zakisanjem vode na pH 6,5 s koncentrirano ortofosforno kislino (odstavek 20), prepihovanjem z zrakom brez CO2 čez noč in povišanjem pH na nevtralno vrednost z bazo.
Ensure that the ratio of the headspace volume to the liquid volume is the same as in the tests (e.g. 1:2).
Zagotovi se, da je razmerje med prostornino nadprostora in količino tekočine enako kot pri preskusih (npr. 1 : 2).
Acidify and equilibrate as described in paragraph 52, and measure the IC concentrations of both the headspace and liquid phases.
Tekočina se zakisa in uravnoteži, kot je opisano v odstavku 52, nato se izmerijo koncentracije IC v nadprostoru in tekoči fazi.
Check that the two concentrations are the same within experimental error.
Preveri se, da sta koncentraciji enaki znotraj preskusne napake.
If they are not, the operator should review the procedures.
Če nista, bi moral izvajalec pregledati postopke.
This check on the distribution of IC between liquid and gaseous phases need not be made every time the test is performed; it could presumably be made while performing the calibration.
Porazdelitve IC med tekočo in plinasto fazo ni treba preverjati vsakokrat, ko se izvaja preskus; verjetno se lahko preveri pri umerjanju.
If DOC removal is to be measured (water-soluble test chemicals only), samples should be taken of the liquid phase from separate (non-acidified) bottles, membrane-filtered and injected into the DOC analyser. These bottles can be used for other analyses as necessary, to measure primary biodegradation.
Če je treba izmeriti odstranjeni DOC (samo pri vodotopnih preskusnih kemikalijah), je treba iz ločenih (nezakisanih) steklenic vzeti vzorce tekoče faze, jih filtrirati skozi membranski filter in vbrizgati v analizator DOC. Te steklenice se lahko po potrebi uporabijo za druge analize za merjenje primarne biološke razgradnje.
conversion of CO2 to carbonate
pretvorba CO2 v karbonat
Before each batch of analyses, the IC analyser is calibrated using an appropriate standard — for example, a solution of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in CO2 free water (see paragraph 53) in the range 0 to 20 mg/l as IC.
Pred vsako serijo analiz se analizator IC umeri z ustreznim standardom, na primer raztopino natrijevega bikarbonata (NaHCO3) v vodi brez CO2 (glej odstavek 53) v razponu od 0 do 20 mg/l kot IC.
Sodium hydroxide solution (7M, paragraph 21) (e.g. 1 ml to 107 ml medium) is injected through the septum of each bottle sampled and the bottles are shaken for 1 h at the test temperature.
Skozi septum posamezne vzorčene steklenice se vbrizga raztopina natrijevega hidroksida (7M, odstavek 21) (npr. 1 ml se doda 107 ml medija), nato se steklenice eno uro stresajo pri preskusni temperaturi.
Use the same NaOH solution on all bottles sacrificed on a particular day, but not necessarily on all sampling occasions throughout a test.
Pri vseh steklenicah, žrtvovanih na določeni dan, se uporabi enaka raztopina NaOH, ni pa nujno, da se enaka raztopina uporabi pri vsakem vzorčenju v preskusu.
If absolute blank IC values are required at all sampling occasions, IC determinations of the NaOH solution will be required each time it is used.
Če so pri vseh vzorčenjih potrebne absolutne vrednost IC v slepem vzorcu, je treba ob vsaki uporabi raztopine NaOH v njej določiti IC.
The bottles are removed from the shaker and allowed to settle.
Steklenice se odstranijo s stresalnika, da se vsebina usede.
Suitable volumes (e.g. 50 to 1000 μl) of the liquid phase in each vessel are withdrawn by syringe.
Z brizgo se iz vsake posode odvzame ustrezna količina (npr. 50 do 1000 μl) tekoče faze.
The samples are injected into the IC analyser and the concentrations of IC are recorded.
Vzorci se vbrizgajo v analizator IC, nato se zapišejo koncentracije IC.
It should be ensured that the analyser used is equipped properly to deal with the alkaline samples produced in this method.
Treba je zagotoviti, da je uporabljeni analizator ustrezno opremljen za uporabo bazičnih vzorcev, ki nastanejo pri tej metodi.
The principle of this method is that after the addition of alkali and shaking, the concentration of IC in the headspace is negligible.
Načelo te metode je, da je koncentracija IC v nadprostoru po dodajanju baze in stresanju zanemarljiva.
This should be checked for the test system at least once by using IC standards, adding alkali and equilibrating, and measuring the concentration of IC in both the headspace and liquid phases (see paragraph 53).
To je treba za preskusni sistem preveriti vsaj enkrat s standardi za IC, dodajanjem baze in uravnoteženjem ter merjenjem koncentracije IC v nadprostoru in tekoči fazi (glej odstavek 53).
The concentration in the headspace should approach zero.
Koncentracija v nadprostoru bi morala biti blizu nič.
This check on the virtually complete absorption of CO2 need not be made every time the test is performed.
Tega preverjanja skoraj popolne absorpcije CO2 ni treba opravljati pri vsakem preskusu.
If DOC removal is to be measured (water-soluble test chemicals only), samples should be taken of the liquid phase from separate bottles (containing no added alkali), membrane filtered and injected into the DOC analyser. These bottles can be used for other analyses, as necessary, to measure primary biodegradability.
Če je treba izmeriti odstranitev DOC (samo pri vodotopnih preskusnih kemikalijah), je treba iz ločenih steklenic (ki ne vsebujejo dodane baze) vzeti vzorce tekoče faze, jih filtrirati skozi membranski filter in vbrizgati v analizator DOC. Te steklenice se lahko po potrebi uporabijo pri drugih analizah za merjenje primarne biološke razgradljivosti.
Calculating of results
Izračun rezultatov
Assuming 100 % mineralisation of the test chemical to CO2, the ThIC in excess of that produced in the blank controls equals the TOC added to each test bottle at the start of the test, that is:
Ob predpostavki, da je mineralizacija preskusne kemikalije v CO2 100-odstotna, je presežni ThIC, ki nastane v slepih kontrolnih vzorcih, enak TOC, dodanemu posamezni preskusni steklenici na začetku preskusa, in sicer:
TOC
TOC .
The total mass (mg) of inorganic carbon (TIC) in each bottle is:
Skupna masa (mg) anorganskega ogljika (TIC) v posamezni steklenici je:
mg C in the liquid
mg C v tekočini
mg C in the headspace
mg C v nadprostoru
Equation [1]
enačba [1],
volume of liquid in the bottle (litre);
količina tekočine v steklenici (l),
CL concentration of IC in the liquid (mg/l as carbon);
CL koncentracija IC v tekočini (ogljik v mg/l),
VH volume of the headspace (litre);
VH prostornina nadprostora (l),
CH concentration of IC in the headspace (mg/l as carbon).
CH koncentracija IC v nadprostoru (ogljik v mg/l).
The calculations of TIC for the two analytical methods used for measuring IC in this test are described below in paragraphs 60 and 61.
Izračuni TIC za dve analitični metodi, uporabljeni za merjenje IC v tem preskusu, so opisani spodaj v odstavkih 60 in 61.
Percentage biodegradation (% D) in each case is given by:
Delež biološke razgradnje (% D) v posameznem primeru se dobi na naslednji način:
Equation [2]
enačba [2],
mg TIC in test bottle at time t;
mg TIC v preskusni steklenici ob času t,
mean mg TIC in blank bottles at time t;
srednja vrednost mg TIC v steklenicah s slepim vzorcem ob času t,
TOC mg TOC added initially to the test vessel.
TOC mg TOC, dodanega v preskusno posodo na začetku.
The percentage biodegradation % D is calculated for the test (FT), reference (FC) and, if included inhibition monitoring control (FI) bottles from the respective amounts of TIC produced up to each sampling time.
Delež biološke razgradnje % D se izračuna za preskusne steklenice (FT), referenčne steklenice (FC) in kontrolne steklenice za spremljanje zaviranja (FI), če so vključene, iz zadevnih količin TIC, nastalega do posameznega časa vzorčenja.
If there has been a significant increase in the TIC content of the sterile controls (FS) over the test period, then it may be concluded that abiotic degradation of the test chemical has occurred and this must be taken into account in the calculation of D in Equation [2].
Če se je v sterilnih kontrolnih vzorcih (FS) vsebnost TIC v preskusnem obdobju znatno povečala, je mogoče sklepati o abiotski razgradnji preskusne kemikalije, kar je treba upoštevati pri izračunu D v enačbi [2].
Acidification to pH < 3
Zakisanje na pH < 3
Since acidification to pH < 3 and equilibration results in the equalisation of the concentration of TIC in the liquid and gaseous phases, only the concentration of IC in the gas phase needs to be measured.
Ker se z zakisanjem na pH < 3 in uravnoteženjem koncentracije TIC v tekoči in plinasti fazi izenači, je treba izmeriti samo koncentracijo IC v plinasti fazi.
Thus, from Equation [1] TIC
Tako iz enačbe [1] sledi TIC
, where VB = volume of the serum bottle.
, pri čemer je VB = prostornina serumske steklenice.
Conversion of CO2 to carbonate
Pretvorba CO2 v karbonat
In this method calculations are performed as in Equation [1], but the negligible amount of IC in the gaseous phase is ignored, that is VH
Pri tej metodi se izračuni izvedejo kot pri enačbi [1], vendar se zanemarljiva količina IC v plinasti fazi zanemari, tako da je VH
0, and TIC
0, TIC
Expression of Results
Prikaz rezultatov
A biodegradation curve is obtained by plotting percentage biodegradation, D, against time of incubation and if possible, the lag phase, biodegradation phase, 10-d window and plateau phase, that is the phase in which the maximal degradation has been reached and the biodegradation curve has levelled out, are indicated.
Krivulja biološke razgradnje se dobi z grafičnim prikazom deleža biološke razgradnje D v odvisnosti od časa inkubacije, po možnosti pa se prikažejo faza prilagajanja, faza biološke razgradnje, 10-dnevno obdobje in faza konstantne ravni, ki je faza, v kateri je dosežena največja razgradnja, krivulja biološke razgradnje pa se zravna.
If comparable results are obtained for parallel test vessels FT (< 20 % difference), a mean curve is plotted (see Appendix 2, Fig.1); if not, curves are plotted for each vessel.
Če se za vzporedne preskusne posode FT dobijo primerljivi rezultati (< 20-odstotna razlika), se grafično prikaže srednja krivulja (glej Dodatek 2, slika 1); če ne, se krivulje prikažejo za vsako posamezno posodo.
The mean value of the percentage biodegradation in the plateau phase is determined or the highest value is assessed (e.g. when the curve decreases in the plateau phase), but it is important to assess that in the latter case the value is not an outlier.
Določi se srednja vrednost deleža biološke razgradnje v fazi konstantne ravni ali oceni najvišja vrednost (npr. kadar krivulja v fazi konstantne vrednosti pada), vendar je pomembno oceniti, da vrednost v slednjem primeru ni izjema.
Indicate this maximum level of biodegradation as “degree of biodegradation of the test chemical” in the test report.
V poročilu o preskusu se ta najvišja raven biološke razgradnje navede kot ‚stopnja biološke razgradnje preskusne kemikalije‘.
If the number of test vessels was insufficient to indicate a plateau phase, the measured data of the last day of the test are used to calculate a mean value.
Če je bilo število preskusnih posod nezadostno za označitev faze konstantne ravni, se za izračun srednje vrednosti uporabijo izmerjeni podatki za zadnji dan preskusa.
This last value, the mean of five replicates, serves to indicate the precision with which the percentage biodegradation was determined.
Ta zadnja vrednost, srednja vrednost petih ponovitev, se uporabi za označitev natančnosti, s katero je bil določen delež biološke razgradnje.
Also report the value obtained at the end of the 10-d window.
Poroča se tudi o vrednosti, dobljeni na koncu 10-dnevnega obdobja.
In the same way, a curve for the reference chemical, FC, is plotted and, if included, for the abiotic elimination check, FS and the inhibition control, FI.
Enako se grafično prikaže krivulja za referenčno kemikalijo FC ter preverjanje abiotskega izločanja FS in kontrola zaviranja FI, če sta vključena.
The amounts of TIC present in the blank controls (FB) are recorded as are those in flasks FS (abiotic check), if these vessels were included in the test.
Količine TIC v slepih kontrolnih vzorcih (FB) in bučkah FS (abiotsko preverjanje) se zapišejo, če so te posode vključene v preskus.
Calculate D for the FI vessels, based on the theoretical IC yield anticipated from only the reference component of the mixture.
Na podlagi teoretično nastalega IC, pričakovanega samo glede na referenčno sestavino mešanice, se izračuna D za posode FI.
If, at day 28, [(DFC [8] – DFI [9]/DFC] × 100 > 25 %, it may be assumed that the test chemical inhibited the activity of the inoculum, and this may account for low values of DFT obtained under the conditions of the test.
Če je 28. dan [(DFC [8] – DFI [9])/DFC] × 100 > 25 %, je mogoče sklepati, da je preskusna kemikalija zavrla aktivnost inokuluma, kar je lahko razlog za nizke vrednosti DFT, dobljene v pogojih preskusa.
In this case the test could be repeated using a lower test concentration and preferably reducing the DIC in the inoculum and TIC formed in the blank controls, since the lower concentration will otherwise reduce the precision of the method.
V tem primeru se lahko preskus ponovi pri nižji preskusni koncentraciji ter po možnosti z zmanjšanjem DIC v inokulumu in TIC, ki nastane v slepih kontrolnih vzorcih, saj se bo sicer zaradi nižje koncentracije zmanjšala natančnost metode.
Alternatively, another inoculum may be used.
Uporabiti pa je mogoče tudi drug inokulum.