natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
an illegal economic activity (i.e. any production, trade or other activity, which is illegal under the laws or regulations applicable to the Financial Intermediary or the relevant Final Recipient, including without limitation, human cloning for reproduction purposes);
internetne igre na srečo in spletne igralnice;
the production of and trade in tobacco and distilled alcoholic beverages and related products;
pornografijo in prostitucijo;
the financing of the production of and trade in weapons and ammunition of any kind or military operations of any kind;
jedrsko energijo;
casinos and equivalent enterprises;
dejavnosti, navedene v členu 19 uredbe Obzorje 2020;
internet gambling and online casinos;
raziskave, razvoj ali tehnične aplikacije, povezane z elektronskimi podatkovnimi programi ali rešitvami, ki so namenjene predvsem podpori katere od dejavnosti, navedenih v prejšnjih točkah (a) do (h), ali so namenjene omogočanju nezakonitega vstopa v elektronska podatkovna omrežja ali prenosa elektronskih podatkov;
pornography and prostitution;
njihova poslovna dejavnost ni v skladu s politiko EIS v zvezi z omejenimi sektorji;
nuclear energy;
so prejeli novo dolžniško financiranje, ki ne upošteva pravil o kumulaciji, določenih v ustrezni uredbi de minimis;
activities referred to in Article 19 of H2020 Regulation;
so prejeli pomoč za dejavnosti, povezane z izvozom v tretje države ali države članice, in sicer pomoč, neposredno povezano z izvoženimi količinami, vzpostavitvijo in delovanjem distribucijske mreže ali drugimi tekočimi izdatki, povezanimi z izvozno dejavnostjo;
the research, development or technical applications relating to electronic data programs or solutions, which aim specifically at supporting any activity referred to under items (a) to (h) above or are intended to enable to illegally enter into electronic data networks or download electronic data.
so prejeli pomoč, ki se dodeli pod pogojem, da se domačim proizvodom pri uporabi daje prednost pred uvoženimi.
their business activity does not comply with the EIF policy in relation to restricted sectors;
MERILA ZA UPRAVIČENOST DO PRISPEVKA EU
they received New Debt Finance which does not respect the cumulation rules laid down in the relevant de minimis Regulation;
Merila za upravičenost do prispevka EU finančnim instrumentom COSME [določijo se v okviru posebnih sporazumov o financiranju, na podlagi dogovora med Komisijo in EIS, v sporazumu o prenosu pooblastil za COSME].
they received aid to export-related activities towards third countries or Member States, namely aid directly linked to the quantities exported, to the establishment and operation of a distribution network or to other current expenditure linked to the export activity;
Merila za upravičenost do prispevka EU finančnim instrumentom Obzorje 2020 [določijo se v okviru posebnih sporazumov o financiranju, na podlagi dogovora med Komisijo in EIS, v sporazumu o prenosu pooblastil za Obzorje 2020].
they received aid contingent upon the use of domestic over imported goods.
UL L 347, 20.12.2013, str.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR THE EU CONTRIBUTION
320.
Eligibility criteria for the EU Contribution to the COSME Financial Instruments [to be provided under the specific Funding Agreements, subject to agreement between the Commission and the EIF, in the Delegation Agreement for COSME].
UL L 298.
Eligibility criteria for the EU Contribution to the H2020 Financial Instruments [to be provided under the specific Funding Agreements, subject to agreement between the Commission and the EIF, in the Delegation Agreement for H2020].
26.10.2012, str.
320.
UL L 176, 27.6.2013, str.
OJ L 176, 27.6.2013, p.
33.
OJ L 347, 20.12.2013, p.
104.
OJ L 347, 20.12.2012, p.
965.
104.
UL L 352, 24.12.2013, str.
1.
UL L 362, 31.12.2012, str. 1
OJ L 352, 24.12.2013, p.
UL L 124, 20.5.2003, str. 36.
9.
UL L 8, 12.1.2001, str.
OJ L 362, 31.12.2012, p.
1.
1.
UL L 248, 18.9.2013, str.
36.
UL L 292, 15.11.1996, str.
OJ L 8, 12.1.2001, p.
2.
OJ L 344, 20.12.2008, p.
Sredstva Komisije ter lastna sredstva EIB in EIS niso državna pomoč.
Only the MS Contribution to the EIF for the securitised portfolio is relevant for state aid considerations.
2968 Luxembourg (Veliko vojvodstvo Luksemburg)
The Management Costs and Fees to which the EIF would be entitled concerning periods prior to the effective date of the termination, shall become due and payable as of such date.
Države članice bi morale skupaj z aktivnim sodelovanjem nosilcev dejavnosti poslovanja s krmo in živilske dejavnosti spremljati prisotnost 2- in 3-MCPD, 2- in 3-MCPD estrov maščobnih kislin in glicidil estrov maščobnih kislin v živilih, zlasti v:
[Further conditions may be contractually specified if necessary, including possible adjustments, if any, of the Management Costs and Fees payable upon early termination of this Funding Agreement]
rastlinskih oljih in maščobah ter iz njih pridobljenih proizvodih, kot so margarina in podobni proizvodi;
of 10 September 2014
z dne 10. septembra 2014
on good practices to prevent and to reduce the presence of opium alkaloids in poppy seeds and poppy seed products
o dobrih praksah za preprečevanje in zmanjševanje prisotnosti alkaloidov opija v makovem semenu in proizvodih iz makovega semena
Poppy seeds are obtained from the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.).
Makovo seme se pridobiva iz vrtnega maka (Papaver somniferum L.).
They are used in bakery products, on top of dishes, in fillings of cakes and in desserts and to produce edible oil.
Uporablja se v pekovskih izdelkih, po vrhu jedi, v nadevih za torte in sladicah ter za proizvodnjo jedilnega olja.
The opium poppy plant contains narcotic alkaloids such as morphine and codeine.
Rastlina vrtnega maka vsebuje narkotične alkaloide, kot sta morfij in kodein.
Poppy seeds do not contain the opium alkaloids or contain only very low levels, but can become contaminated with alkaloids as a result of insect damage, or through external contamination of the seeds during harvesting, when particles of dust from the straw (including capsule wall) adhere to the seeds.
Makovo seme ne vsebuje alkaloidov opija ali jih vsebuje zelo malo, vendar se lahko kontaminira z alkaloidi kot rezultat škode zaradi žuželk ali prek zunanje kontaminacije semen med žetvijo, ko se delci prahu iz slame (vključno ovojnica kapsule) vežejo na seme.
The Scientific Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (Contam) of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has provided a scientific opinion on the risks for public health related to the presence of opium alkaloids in poppy seeds intended for human consumption [1].
Znanstveni odbor za onesnaževalce v prehranski verigi (CONTAM) Evropske agencije za varnost hrane (EFSA) je pripravil znanstveno mnenje o tveganjih za javno zdravje zaradi prisotnosti alkaloidov opija v makovem semenu, namenjenem za prehrano ljudi [1].
Estimates of dietary exposure to morphine from foods containing poppy seed demonstrate that the Acute Reference Dose (ARfD) can be exceeded during a single serving by some consumers, particularly children, across the Union.
Ocene prehranske izpostavljenosti morfiju prek živil, ki vsebujejo makovo seme, so pokazale, da se lahko akutni referenčni odmerek (ARfD) preseže pri nekaterih potrošnikih, zlasti otrocih, po celotni Uniji, že z enkratnim obrokom.
It is therefore appropriate that good practices are applied to prevent and to reduce the presence of opium alkaloids in poppy seeds and poppy seed products,
Zato je primerno izvajati dobre prakse za preprečevanje in zmanjševanje prisotnosti alkaloidov opija v makovem semenu in proizvodih iz makovega semena –
Member States are recommended to take the necessary measures to ensure that the good practices for preventing and reducing the presence of opium alkaloids in poppy seeds and poppy seed products, as described in the Annex to this Recommendation, are implemented by all operators involved in the production and processing of poppy seeds.
Državam članicam se priporoča, da sprejmejo potrebne ukrepe za zagotovitev, da vsi nosilci dejavnosti, vključeni v proizvodnjo in obdelavo makovega semena, izvajajo dobre prakse za preprečevanje in zmanjšanje prisotnosti alkaloidov opija v makovem semenu in proizvodih iz makovega semena, kot so opisane v Prilogi k temu priporočilu.
Done at Brussels, 10 September 2014.
V Bruslju, 10. septembra 2014
EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (Contam);
Odbor EFSA za onesnaževalce v prehranski verigi (CONTAM);
Scientific Opinion on the risks for public health related to the presence of opium alkaloids in poppy seeds.
Znanstveno mnenje o tveganjih za javno zdravje zaradi prisotnosti alkaloidov opija v makovem semenu.
(150 pp.) doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2405.
Na voljo na spletu:
Available online:
PRILOGA
ANNEX
I. Dobre kmetijske prakse za preprečevanje prisotnosti alkaloidov opija med gojenjem, žetvijo in skladiščenjem
I. Good agricultural practices to prevent the presence of opium alkaloids during growing, harvesting and storage
Morfij in druge alkaloidne spojine so prisotne predvsem zaradi zunanje kontaminacije, zlasti zaradi neustrezne fitofarmacije in neustreznih postopkov med žetvijo in čiščenjem.
The presence of morphine and other alkaloid compounds is mainly due to external contamination especially through inappropriate plant protection and harvesting-cleaning procedures.
Drugi dejavniki, ki vplivajo na kontaminacijo makovega semena in proizvodov z alkaloidi, so npr. sorta vrtnega maka in pogoji za rast, kot so suša in glive kot primera stresnih dejavnikov.
Other factors influencing the alkaloid contamination of poppy seeds and products are, e.g. the variety of poppy plant and growth conditions like drought and fungi as stress factors.
Poleg tega imajo žuželke pomembno vlogo pri kontaminaciji makovega semena.
In addition, insects play a major role in the contamination of poppy seeds.
Izbira rastlinske sorte maka
Choice of poppy plant variety
Rastlinske sorte maka se lahko razdelijo v dve kategoriji:
Poppy plant varieties can be grouped into two categories:
rastlinske sorte maka, ki se pridelujejo za proizvodnjo makovega semena samo za prehranske namene.
poppy plant varieties which are cultivated for the production of poppy seeds for food use only.
Te sorte vsebujejo nizko raven alkaloidov opija;
These varieties contain a low level of opium alkaloids;
rastlinske sorte maka, ki se sicer pridelujejo za farmacevtske namene, vendar se njihovo seme kot stranski proizvod uporablja v živilih.
poppy plant varieties which are cultivated for pharmaceutical purposes but of which the seeds, as by-product, are used for food.
V primerjavi s stroki in slamo vsebuje makovo seme relativno nizke ravni alkaloidov opija.
Compared to the pod and straw, the poppy seeds contain relatively low levels of opium alkaloids.
Ustrezno zatiranje škodljivih organizmov in obvladovanje bolezni
Adequate pest and disease control
Vsi škodljivi organizmi in bolezni, navedeni v tem oddelku, se ne pojavljajo v vseh proizvodnih regijah v Uniji.
Not all pests and diseases referred to in this section do occur in all production regions in the Union.
Zato so ukrepi za zatiranje navedenih škodljivih organizmov in obvladovanje bolezni relevantni le za tiste proizvodne regije, v katerih se pojavljajo.
Therefore the control measures for those pests and diseases are only relevant for the production regions where they occur.
Za rastline maka sta bistveni dve bolezni:
There are two important diseases of poppy plants:
Peronospora arboresces (peronospora) in Pleospora papaveracea.
Peronospora arboresces (downy mildew) and Pleospora papaveracea.
Micelij navedenih gliv prodre skozi kapsulo, kar poslabša kakovost pridelka zaradi predčasno dozorelega temnega do črnega semena.
The mycelium of those fungi penetrates the capsules, thus leading to a poor quality crop which results in prematurely ripened dark to black seed.
Bolezni poslabšata tudi senzorične lastnosti maka, tj. okus in barvo, to plesnivo seme, ki se razlikuje v barvi, pa ni mogoče popolnoma izločiti na liniji čiščenja.
The diseases also cause deterioration of sensory properties of poppy, i.e. taste and colour, and this mouldy seed, different in colour, cannot be completely separated by the cleaning line.
Znatno zmanjšanje kakovosti živil je tudi posledica, da škodljivi organizmi napadajo mak med rastjo v poznejših fazah zorenja.
Substantial decrease in food quality is also brought about by poppy pests attacking the poppy growth at later development stages.
Najpogostejša škodljiva organizma rilčkar (Neoglycianus maculalba) in trzač (Dasineura papaveris) napadata kapsulo.
Most often it concerns the capsule weevil (Neoglycianus maculalba) and capsule midge (Dasineura papaveris).
Rilčkar znese jajca znotraj mladih zelenih kapsul.
The capsule weevil lays eggs inside the young green capsules.
Ličinke, ki se izvalijo v notranjosti makovih glav, se hranijo z vsebino notranjosti kapsule (zoreča makova semena) in jo umažejo, poškodujejo makove seme in končno zapustijo kapsulo skozi izglodane luknjice.
The larvae hatched inside poppy heads feed on the inside of capsules (developing poppy seeds) and make the inside of capsules dirty, damage poppy seed and finally leave the capsule through the gnawed out holes.
Skozi te luknjice v kapsuli trzač lahko znese jajca.
This hole is used by capsule midge to lay eggs.
Zrela kapsula vsebuje do 50 oranžnih ličink, ki dokončno uničijo kapsulo.
The ripe capsule contains up to 50 orange larvae which ultimately complete the destruction of the capsule.
Semena so zato črna, nezrela in neužitna.
The seeds are black, underdeveloped and inedible.
Bolj pomembno je, da micelij in trzač, ki predreta kapsulo, povzročita „pokanje semena“, sproščeni mlečni lateks pa kontaminira seme.
More relevant is the fact that the penetration by the mycelium and weevils means the ‘poppy tears’ and the milky latex released contaminates the seeds.
Navedene težave so relevantne za celotno proizvodnjo vrtnega maka.
Those problems are inherent to all poppy plant production.
Zato je priporočljivo navedene bolezni ustrezno nadzorovati, škodljive organizme pa ustrezno zatirati, če se pojavijo.
Therefore it is recommended to control those diseases and pests adequately in case they occur.
Preprečevanje slabih pogojih žetve zaradi lomljenja rastlin
Prevention of bad harvesting conditions caused by lodging of plants
Lomljenje je v veliki meri mogoče preprečiti z žetvijo makovih rastlin z ustrezno gostoto.
Lodging can be avoided by a large extent when sowing of poppy plants at an appropriate density.
V obdobju elongacijske rasti se lahko za mak za prehranske namene uporabijo regulatorji rasti, da zmanjšajo podaljšanje stebla.
In the period of elongation growth, the growth regulators can be used in poppy for food use to reduce stem elongation.
Regulatorji rasti se na splošno ne uporabljajo v proizvodnji maka za farmacevtske namene, saj njihova uporaba spreminja biosintetično pot alkaloida.
Growth regulators are generally not used in the production of poppy for pharmaceutical use as their use changes the biosynthetic pathway of the alkaloid.
Regulacija rasti ne zagotavlja le skrajšanja stebla, temveč tudi krepitev spodnjega dela stebla.
Growth regulation ensures not only stem shortening, but also strengthening of the lower part of stem.
Kratke in trdne rastline so odporne proti lomljenju, zlasti v obdobju zelenih kapsul in njihovega zorenja.
Short and robust plants are lodging-resistant, especially during the period of green capsules and their ripening.
Lomljenje povzroča neenakomerno zorenje in kontaminacijo z alkaloidi pri žetvi.
Lodging causes an uneven ripening and leads to a contamination with alkaloids at harvest.
Zlomljene rastline ponovno začnejo poganjati veje.
The lodged plants mostly start branching again.
Kapsule na teh mladih vejah dozorijo pozneje.
The capsules on these young branches ripen later.
Pri žetvi maka bi bilo treba regulirati postopek zorenja, saj nezrele kapsule maka vsebujejo lateks.
When poppy is harvested, the process of ripening should be regulated since immature poppy capsules contain latex.
Pri žetvi se lahko te kapsule zlomijo, lateks pa uide iz mlečnih vodov, kar povzroči neposredno kontaminacijo površine makovega semena z alkaloidi opija, ki se pozneje posušijo na površini maka.
When harvested, these capsules are crushed and the latex is oozing out from lactiferous vessels causing direct contamination of poppy seed surface by opium alkaloids which later dry up on seed surface.
Tudi seme iz nezrelih kapsul, ki je rjaste barve, zmanjša kakovost maka ter zlasti poslabša njegov videz in senzorične lastnosti.
Also the seed from immature capsules, which is of rusty colour, degrades the quality of poppy, its appearance and sensory properties in particular.
Sušilno sredstvo se lahko uporabi v skladu z nacionalnimi predpisi o registraciji fitofarmacevtskih sredstev in njihovih pogojev uporabe za zagotovitev, da so vse kapsule pri žetvi popolnoma zrele.
A desiccant can be applied in accordance with national rules on authorisation of plant protection products and their conditions of use to ensure that all capsules are full senesced when harvested.
Žetev
Harvesting
Mak za prehranske namene se žanje, ko vlaga ne presega 10 %.
The poppy for food use is harvested at the moisture of not more than 10 %.
Vlažnost semena pri žetvi je običajno približno 6 %–10 %.
The seed moisture at harvest usually ranges around 6-10 %.
Če zaradi podnebnih razlogov makovega seme ni mogoče požeti pri zgoraj navedenih pogojih, bi bilo treba mak požeti z makovo slamo in ga takoj posušiti na zraku s toploto, ki ne presega 40 °C.
If for climatic reasons the poppy seed cannot be harvested under the conditions mentioned above, the poppy should be harvested with poppy straw and immediately air-dried with heat no more than 40 °C.
Vendar je v teh razmerah vsaka zamuda tveganje za slabšo kakovost semena, tako glede senzoričnih lastnosti kot glede fizikalnih, kemijskih in mikrobioloških parametrov semena kot živila za prehrano ljudi.
Under these circumstances, however, any delay gives rise to a risk which can have an adverse effect on seed quality, both in terms of its sensory properties and physical, chemical and microbiological parameters of seed as foodstuff for human consumption.
Mak, ki se goji za farmacevtske namene, se včasih žanje pri večji vsebnosti vlage, vendar se takoj posuši po žetvi, in, kar je še pomembneje, ohladi.
Poppy grown for pharmaceutical use is sometimes harvested at higher moisture content levels but immediately dried after harvest and, more importantly, cooled.
Po sušenju in hlajenju seme vsebuje približno 8 %–9 % vlage.
After drying and cooling the seed contains about 8-9 % moisture.
Mak za prehranske namene se žanje s kombajni, ki so prilagojeni žetvi manjšega semena.
The poppy for food use is harvested using combine harvesters which are adjusted to harvesting small seeds.
Mak zahteva posebno prilagoditev posameznih delov strojev, saj je makovo seme izjemno ranljivo za mehanske poškodbe.
The poppy requires special adjustment of individual parts of machinery since the poppy seed is extremely vulnerable to mechanical damage.
Makovo seme za prehranske namene vsebuje 45–50 % olja.
The food poppy seed contains 45-50 % of oil.
Kadar je makovo seme poškodovano, je na površini semena olje, ki privablja prah iz zdrobljenih kapsul.
When poppy seed is damaged, the surface of the seed is stained with oil which attracts the dust from crushed capsules.
Sprijeti prah zvišuje koncentracijo alkaloidov opija na makovem semenu.
The adhered dust increases the concentration of opium alkaloids on poppy seed.
Poleg tega ima makovo olje kratko trajnost in zelo hitro oksidira.
Moreover, the poppy oil has short durability and oxidises very quickly.
Poškodovano seme s posledično kontaminacijo in zvišanjem ravni alkaloidov opija tako bistveno zmanjša tako senzorično kakovost maka za prehranske namene kot njegovo trajnost.
The damaged seed thus considerably decreases both the sensory quality of food poppy and its durability along with causing contamination and increasing opium alkaloid levels.
Pri žetvi maka za farmacevtske namene je bistveno, da se poberejo samo stroki in nekaj slame.
For the harvest of poppy for pharmaceutical use it is essential that only the pod and some straw are collected.
Zato bi bilo treba pri žetvi uporabiti silažni kombajn s posebej prilagojeno glavo, ki žanje le zgornji del rastline.
Therefore a forage harvester with a specially adapted header which only harvests the top of the plant should be used for the harvest.
Uporaba silažnega kombajna pomeni, da se žanje le potrebni del rastline, s čimer se zmanjša verjetnost kontaminacije.
The use of the forage harvester means that only the necessary part of the plant is harvested therefore lessening the chance of contamination.
Pogoji po žetvi
Post-harvest conditioning
Makovo seme ne vsebuje alkaloidov opija ali so njihove ravni relativno nizke.
Poppy seeds do not or contain relatively low levels of opium alkaloids.
Kadar je govora o ravneh alkaloidov opija na makovem semenu, to pomeni delce prahu iz slame (stena kapsule).
When reference is made to opium alkaloid levels on poppy seed, this refers to tiny particles of dust from the straw (capsule wall).
Zato je čiščenje ali obdelava po žetvi bistvena, ne glede na to, ali je vsebnost alkaloidov opija v tem prahu visoka ali nizka.
Therefore post-harvest cleaning or processing is essential, irrespective of whether this dust is high or low in opium alkaloids.
Po žetvi in pred uporabo makovih semen v živilih bi bilo treba semena očistiti, prašne delce odstraniti s sesalcem, vse druge nečistoče pa odstraniti, s čimer bi se dosegla končna čistost več kot 99,8 %.
After the harvest, and before the use of poppy seed for food, the seed should be cleaned, dust particles should be removed by an aspirator and any other impurities should be removed, finally achieving a purity of more than 99,8 %.
Skladiščenje
Storage
Kadar se makovo seme skladišči pred končno obdelavo, bi ga bilo treba požeti z makovo slamo, žetveno mešanico pa bi bilo treba ustrezno posušiti na rešetkah z aktivnim prezračevanjem za zagotovitev, da vsebnost vlage ne presega 8 %–10 %.
Where the poppy seed is to be stored before final conditioning, it should be harvested with poppy straw and the harvested mix should be appropriately aired on grids with active ventilation, to ensure that the moisture content does not exceed 8 % to 10 %.
Pri dolgoročnem skladiščenju s prezračevanjem bi bilo treba uporabiti neobdelan zrak, tj. zrak, ki ni bil predhodno segret.Makovo seme, ki je bilo obdelano na ta način, se lahko zlahka skladišči za obdobje 12 mesecev brez bistvenih sprememb v kakovosti.
For long-term storage with ventilation, the untreated air, i.e. the air that has not been pre-heated, should be used.Poppy seed that has been treated in this manner can be easily stored for the period of 12 months with no substantial change in quality.
Ko je makovo seme očiščeno, bi ga bilo treba skladiščiti v prezračenih kontejnerjih, velikih vrečah ali vrečah, ki so certificirane za pakiranje živil v razsutem stanju, in se izogibati neposrednemu stiku s tlemi v skladišču.
Once the poppy seed is cleaned, it should be stored in ventilated containers, or big-bags or bags certified for packaging of bulk foodstuffs, with no direct contact with the floor of the storage place.
Označevanje
Labelling
Kadar je treba makovo seme dodatno obdelati za zmanjšanje prisotnosti alkaloidov opija pred uporabo za prehrano ljudi ali kot sestavino v živilih, bi bilo treba navedeno makovo seme ustrezno označiti, da je jasno, da je treba makovo seme pred uporabo za prehrano ljudi ali kot sestavino v živilih fizikalno obdelati za zmanjšanje vsebnosti alkaloidov opija.
In case the poppy seeds need to undergo an additional treatment to reduce the presence of opium alkaloids before human consumption or use as an ingredient in foodstuffs, those poppy seeds should be labelled in an appropriate way indicating the need to subject the poppy seeds to a physical treatment to reduce the opium alkaloid content before human consumption or use as an ingredient in foodstuffs.
Dobre prakse za preprečevanje prisotnosti alkaloidov opija med obdelavo