natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
For this purpose, the relevant revenues and a reasonable profit for discharging the obligations should be taken into account.
Sklepne ugotovitve o prisotnosti pomoči
As there was no tender, the Basque authorities argue that the criterion is fulfilled due to the fact that Itelazpi itself is a well-run and suitably equipped company to perform the requested activities.
Glede na zgoraj opredeljene argumente Komisija meni, da ukrep izpolnjuje merila iz člena 107(1) PDEU.
On the basis of a cost comparison, the Basque authorities conclude that satellite provision would have been more expensive than upgrading Itelazpi's terrestrial network [70].
V teh okoliščinah je treba ukrep šteti za državno pomoč v smislu člena 107(1) PDEU.
However, to fulfil the fourth Altmark criterion, a comparison with satellite technology is not sufficient to establish that Itelazpi is efficient.
OCENA ZDRUŽLJIVOSTI
There could also have been other terrestrial operators which could have performed this service at lower cost.
Splošni premisleki
In the light of the above it is concluded that in the case of the Basque Country too, the fourth Altmark condition has not been fulfilled.
Komisija dejavno podpira prehod z analogne na digitalno radiodifuzijo.
Given that these conditions are cumulative, it cannot be considered that the financing granted to Itelazpi by the Basque Country authorities does not constitute state aid because it fulfils the conditions for being deemed compensation for the provision of a service of general economic interest.
Prednosti digitalnega preklopa so bile poudarjene v akcijskem načrtu eEvropa 2005 in dveh sporočilih, ki se nanašata na digitalni preklop [76].
Distortion of competition
Komisija se tudi zaveda, da bi lahko prišlo do odloga digitalnega preklopa, če bi bil v celoti prepuščen tržnim silam.
Spain and Abertis claim that DTT and satellite technology are two different markets.
Države članice lahko pomoč uporabijo za premagovanje specifičnega nedelovanja trga ali za zagotovitev socialne ali regionalne kohezije [77].
DTT is the main platform for free-to-air terrestrial television where the number of operators in the national market is determined by the number of licences granted by the Spanish government.
Vendar pa mora biti v vsakem specifičnem primeru dokazano, da je zadevna pomoč ustrezen instrument za obravnavanje vprašanja, da je omejena na potrebni minimum in da ne povzroča neupravičenega izkrivljanja konkurence.
Funding for free-to-air terrestrial television channels comes from advertising.
Sporočilo o preklopu podobno določa, da bi bila na specifičnem področju digitalizacije javna intervencija upravičena pod dvema pogojema:
As for satellite television, a large number of channels are available on the only pay-television platform in Spain, for which Astra is the network operator.
prvič, če gre za splošne interese, in drugič, če gre za nedelovanje trga, kar pomeni, da same tržne sile ne dosegajo rezultatov v smislu kolektivne blaginje.
These channels are funded by subscriptions, generally for a package of channels.
Določa tudi, da mora biti javna intervencija v vsakem primeru podprta z zanesljivo tržno analizo.
The Spanish authorities also point out that in Spain the cost of satellite distribution for broadcasters is much higher than the cost of terrestrial broadcasting and therefore the free-to-air broadcasters, including regional and local broadcasters, are not interested in switching to this platform.
Sporočilo o preklopu tudi navaja, da prehod na digitalno radiodifuzijo pomeni velik izziv za panogo, ki jo mora poganjati trg.
For several reasons it is concluded that the terrestrial and satellite platforms operate in the same market.
Načeloma bi moralo vsako omrežje tekmovati po svojih močeh.
Firstly, in 2008 Astra competed for the extension of coverage of digital television in Cantabria and won the tender.
Da bi ohranili to načelo, bi si morala vsaka javna intervencija prizadevati, da je tehnološko nevtralna.
In 2008 Astra held a series of meetings with the Autonomous Communities to present its offer to broadcast digital television channels, which had hitherto been broadcasted via terrestrial platform.
Izjeme je pri tem načelu mogoče predvideti samo, če je intervencija usmerjena v specifično nedelovanje trga ali neravnovesje ter je hkrati ustrezna, potrebna in sorazmerna za premagovanje teh težav.
Even though the contract with Cantabria was later terminated by the authorities, the interest of the satellite operator in providing services in competition with the terrestrial platform suggests that there is a possibility for satellite operators to provide similar services.
Če bi bilo to prepuščeno trgu, bi obstajalo tveganje, da prednosti digitalne televizije zaradi prikrajšanega socialnega položaja ne bi mogli izkoriščati vsi deli prebivalstva.
Secondly, the satellite operator Hispasat (a subsidiary of Abertis) provides services in some parts of Area II [71] and the satellite platform is exclusively used in Area III.
V zvezi z vprašanjem socialne kohezije lahko države članice skušajo zagotoviti, da imajo dostop do digitalne televizije po izklopu analogne televizije vsi državljani.
Other Member States also use satellite services to cover more remote areas of their countries with the free-to-air channels [72].
Ker preklop na digitalno televizijo pomeni stroške za uporabnike in zahteva spremembo navad, bodo države članice morda želele pomagati zlasti prikrajšanim skupinam v družbi, kot so starejši ljudje, gospodinjstva z nizkimi dohodki ali ljudje, ki živijo na odročnih območjih.
Thirdly, several public and private channels distributed via the terrestrial platform are also broadcasted via satellite platforms, including Astra itself [73].
Komisija je pravila o državni pomoči v tem sektorju uporabila v več sklepih o državni pomoči na podlagi sporočil o digitalnem preklopu [78].
Fourthly, concerning the regional channels, some of them are available or were available in the recent past via the satellite platform.
Države članice imajo več možnosti za dodelitev javnega financiranja za preklop, s katerim še naprej zagotavljajo ustrezno televizijsko pokritje na vseh geografskih območjih.
This contradicts the statement that the regional broadcasters are not interested in satellite.
Te vključujejo financiranje uvedbe omrežja za prenos na območjih, kjer bi bilo televizijsko pokritje sicer nezadostno [79].
Fifthly, the Commission also notes Astra's argument concerning the capacity of satellite to deliver 1380 channels and delimitate them geographically.
Tako financiranje pa se lahko dodeli samo, če ne pomeni nepotrebnega izkrivljanja med tehnologijami ali družbami ter je omejeno na potrebni minimum.
Astra claims that there are no limitations for satellite to broadcast such a number of channels.
Pravne osnove za oceno združljivosti predvidenega ukrepa
Moreover, the figure of 1380 regional channels seems to be inflated.
Španski organi se pri utemeljitvi ukrepa, če bi se ugotovilo, da pomeni državno pomoč v skladu s členom 107(1) PDEU, sklicujejo na člen 107(3)(c) in člen 106(2) PDEU.
While this is the maximum number of frequencies available throughout Spain for national, regional and local channels, the number of licences granted was in fact much lower (see footnote 13).
Komisija spodaj ocenjuje združljivost ukrepa z vidika teh določb, ob upoštevanju zgoraj razloženih splošnih premislekov.
In addition, not all the broadcasters that received a license actually broadcast on the frequencies assigned.
Člen 107(3)(c) PDEU
Sixthly, some broadcasters have declared a preference for terrestrial transmission because they have acquired rights to broadcast content only for the terrestrial platform.
Da bi bila pomoč združljiva v smislu člena 107(3)(c), Komisija izvede preskus izravnave pozitivnih in negativnih učinkov pomoči.
This, however, does not mean that there are different markets for terrestrial and satellite transmission.
Pri uporabi preskusa izravnave Komisija obravnava naslednja vprašanja:
As they have acquired content rights for the terrestrial platform, if necessary, broadcasters could do the same for the satellite.
Ali je ukrep pomoči namenjen natančno opredeljenemu cilju skupnega interesa?
Furthermore, if a satellite platform is selected on the basis of a public tender, as in the case of Area III, a ‘must carry obligation’ could be imposed on the broadcasters.
Ali je pomoč dobro oblikovana za dosego cilja skupnega interesa, tj. ali je usmerjena v nedelovanje trga ali drug cilj?
Finally, according to data from May 2010 [74], the coverage of DTT in Spain reaches 98,85 % of the population while only 93,5 % of the households watch TV via the terrestrial platform.
Zlasti:
Thus, 5 % of households have access to DTT but choose not to use it, as most of them subscribe to pay-TV via satellite.
Ali je ukrep pomoči ustrezen instrument, tj. ali obstajajo drugi, primernejši instrumenti?
In conclusion, since satellite and terrestrial broadcasting platforms are in competition with each other, the measure, for the deployment, operation and maintenance of DTT in Area II, entails a distortion of competition between the two platforms.
Ali obstaja spodbujevalni učinek, tj. ali pomoč spremeni ravnanje podjetij?
It should be noted that other platforms, especially IPTV, are also disadvantaged due to the measure.
Ali je ukrep pomoči sorazmeren, tj. ali bi bila lahko enaka sprememba v ravnanju dosežena z manj pomoči?
Although broadband has not yet reached the whole of Area II, it is highly likely that in the future it will extend its coverage significantly.
Ali so izkrivljanje konkurence in učinki na trgovino omejeni, tako da je skupni učinek pozitiven?
Effect on trade
Cilj skupnega interesa
The measure has an impact on intra-Union trade.
Shema pomoči je namenjena pospešitvi postopka digitalnega preklopa v Španiji in zagotavljanju neprekinjenega televizijskega sprejema prebivalcem nekaterih oddaljenih in podeželskih območij.
According to the case law of the European Courts, when ‘State financial aid or aid from State resources strengthens the position of an undertaking as compared with undertakings competing in intra-Community trade, the latter must be regarded as affected by that aid’ [75].
Zato je namen ukrepa omogočiti televizijski prenos ljudem, ki živijo na navedenih območjih.
Network operators are active in a sector in which trade exists between Member States.
Dostop do medijev, vključno s televizijskim prenosom, je pomemben, da se državljanom zagotovi njihova ustavna pravico do dostopa do informacij.
Abertis forms part of an international group of companies, so does the complainant, Astra.
Komisija v akcijskem načrtu eEvropa 2005 [80] in v dveh sporočilih o prehodu z analogne na digitalno radiodifuzije [81] priznava pomen in koristi digitalnega prenosa.
The measure for the deployment and operation and maintenance of DTT in Area II therefore affects trade between Member States.
V sporočilu „Akcijski načrt i2010 – Evropska informacijska družba za rast in zaposlovanje“ [82] Komisija poudarja, da bo načrtovani izklop analogne prizemne televizije do leta 2012 izboljšal dostop do spektra v Evropi.
Conclusions on the presence of aid
Ker digitalna radiodifuzija spekter uporablja učinkoviteje, sprošča njegovo zmogljivost za druge uporabnike, kot so nove storitve radiodifuzije in mobilne telefonije, ki bodo spodbudile inovacije ter rast televizijskega in elektronskega komunikacijskega sektorja.
In view of the arguments put forward above, the Commission considers that the measure fulfils the criteria laid down in Article 107(1) TFEU.
Zato se sklene, da je ukrep namenjen natančno opredeljenemu cilju skupnega interesa.
Under these circumstances, the measure has to be considered as state aid within the meaning of Article 107(1) TFEU.
Natančno opredeljena pomoč
COMPATIBILITY ASSESSMENT
Nedelovanje trga
General considerations
Kot so navedli španski organi, je splošno priznano tveganje, da koristi digitalne televizije ne bodo mogli uživati vsi sektorji prebivalstva (težava socialne in regionalne kohezije).
The Commission actively supports the transition from analogue to digital broadcasting.
Nedelovanje trga lahko obstaja, kadar subjekti na trgu ne upoštevajo ustrezno pozitivnih učinkov digitalnega preklopa na družbo kot celoto, ker za to nimajo gospodarskih spodbud (pozitivni zunanji učinki).
The advantages of the digital switch-over were underlined in the Action Plan eEurope 2005 and in the two Communications on the digital switchover [76].
Poleg tega bi države članice v zvezi s socialno kohezijo morda želele zagotoviti, da imajo po izklopu analogne televizije dostop do digitalne televizije vsi državljani, zato se lahko odloči tudi za ukrepe za zagotovitev nadaljnjega ustreznega televizijskega pokritja na vseh geografskih območjih.
The Commission also recognises that the digital switch-over could be delayed if left entirely to market forces.
Komisija v odločitvi o sprožitvi postopka ugotavlja obstoj nedelovanja trga, saj izdajatelji televizijskega programa niso pripravljeni nositi dodatnih stroškov razširitve pokritja, ki presega njihove predpisane obveznosti.
Member States may use aid to overcome a specific market failure or to ensure social or regional cohesion [77].
Poleg tega niso naložb za zagotovitev sprejema digitalnih kanalov prek satelita za vse prebivalce območja II izvedli niti satelitske platforme niti zasebna gospodinjstva.
However, it must be shown in each specific case that the aid in question is an appropriate instrument to address the problem, is limited to the minimum necessary and does not unduly distort competition.
Zato Komisija meni, da so lahko ljudje s stalnim prebivališčem na podeželskem območju popolnoma izključeni iz sprejema nekodiranega digitalnega televizijskega signala, če se digitalno pokritje v celoti prepusti tržnim silam, in da bi lahko bila koristna javna intervencija v obliki finančne pomoči posameznikom.
Similarly, the Switchover Communication provides that in the specific area of digitisation, public intervention would be justified under two conditions:
Tehnološka nevtralnost, ustreznost in sorazmernost ukrepa
firstly, where general interests are at stake and secondly, in the event of a market failure, i.e. market forces alone fail to deliver in terms of collective welfare.
V primerih digitalnega preklopa je načelo tehnološke nevtralnosti močno poudarjeno v več odločitvah Komisije [83].
It also specifies that in any case, public intervention should be supported by a sound market analysis.
Načelo sta podprli tudi Splošno sodišče in Sodišče [84].
The Switchover Communication also indicates that the transition to digital broadcasting represents a major industrial challenge that must be led by the market.
Tehnologija bi morala biti običajno izbrana prek tehnološko nevtralnega razpisa, kot je to veljalo za druge države članice [85].
In principle, each network should compete on its own strengths.
Kadar takega razpisa ni bilo, bi bila posamezna tehnologija lahko izbrana, če bi bila utemeljena z ugotovitvami predhodne študije, s katero bi se dokazalo, da je bila lahko glede na kakovost in stroške izbrana le ena tehnološka rešitev [86].
In order to safeguard this principle, any public intervention should aim to be technologically neutral.
Dokaze mora predložiti država članica, ki mora dokazati, da je taka študija dovolj trdna in je bila izvedena čim bolj neodvisno [87].
Exceptions from this principle can be envisaged only if the intervention targets a specific market failure or imbalance and is at the same time appropriate, necessary and proportionate to overcome these difficulties.
Kot je bilo poudarjeno v oddelku 2.2, velika večina razpisov ni bila tehnološko nevtralna, saj se sklicujejo na prizemno tehnologijo in digitalno prizemno televizijo, in sicer izrecno v opredelitvi predmeta razpisa ali implicitno v opisu tehničnih specifikacij.
If left to the market, in view of their disadvantaged social situation, there is a risk that not all parts of the population can benefit from the advantages of digital television.
Te zahteve bi lahko izpolnjevali samo operaterji digitalne prizemne televizije (ki so bili dejansko edini, ki so se udeležili teh razpisov).
With respect to this social cohesion problem, Member States may want to make sure that all citizens have access to digital television once analogue TV is switched off.
Španija trdi, da sklicevanje na digitalno prizemno televizijo v razpisu ali specifikacije, ki se sklicujejo na opremo in centre za prenos digitalne prizemne televizije, ne pomenijo, da je bila uporaba takih centrov za kandidate na razpisu obvezna.
Since the digital switch-over entails costs for consumers and requires a change in habits, Member States may want to assist in particular the disadvantaged groups of society such as elderly people, low-income households or people living in peripheral regions.
Ti sklici se ne morejo razumno razlagati tako, kot je navedla Španija.
In several state aid decisions, based on the Communications on the digital switch-over, the Commission applied the state aid rules in this sector [78].
Četudi bi bila ta razlaga pravilna, tak formalni argument ne upošteva tržnih razmer.
Member States have several possibilities to grant public funding for the switch-over to ensure that all geographical areas continue to have appropriate TV coverage.
Sodelovanje na razpisih zahteva veliko sredstev in je za kandidate drago.
This includes funding for the roll-out of a transmission network in areas where otherwise there would be insufficient TV coverage [79].
Razdelitev intervencije na območju II na več sto posameznih razpisov je večkratno povečalo stroške, ki pomenijo znatno oviro za vstop kandidatov, ki želijo pokrivati celotno območje II.
Such funding may however be granted only if it does not entail an unnecessary distortion between technologies or companies and is limited to the minimum necessary.
Povezava intervencij centralne vlade, ki daje prednost tehnologiji digitalne prizemne televizije, kot je pojasnjeno v odstavkih 88 in 89, posebnih sklicev na digitalno prizemno televizijo v razpisih in potrebe za vstop v na stotine različnih razpisnih postopkov je bila zato jasen znak drugim operaterjem platform, da sodelovanje na takih razpisih ne bi bilo tržno utemeljeno.
Legal bases for assessing the compatibility of the envisaged measure
Zato se sklene, da so ti sklici v veliki večini primerov onemogočili konkuriranje operaterjev drugih platform [88].
The Spanish authorities have invoked Articles 107(3)(c) and 106(2) TFEU to justify the measure if it was found to constitute state aid in accordance with Article 107(1) TFEU.
Predhodna študija, ki so jo, kot je navedeno v odstavku 52, predložili španski organi, ne dokazuje ustrezno večvrednosti prizemne platforme v primerjavi s satelitsko platformo.
Below, the Commission assesses the compatibility of the measure in the light of these provisions, taking into account the general considerations outlined above.
V študiji je, nasprotno, celo navedena sklepna ugotovitev, da se izbira posebne tehnološke rešitve za razširitev pokritja analizira glede na posamezno regijo, pri čemer se upoštevajo topografske in demografske posebnosti vsake regije.
Article 107(3)(c) TFEU
Ta sklepna ugotovitev tako zagovarja potrebo po izvedbi tehnološko nevtralnega razpisa za določitev najustreznejše platforme.
In order for the aid to be compatible under Article 107(3)(c), the Commission balances the positive and negative effects of the aid.
Med preiskavo so nekatere avtonomne skupnosti predložile notranje izračune primerjave stroškov ob uporabi obeh tehnologij za razširitev pokritja.
In applying the balancing test, the Commission assesses the following questions:
Vendar poleg negotovosti v zvezi z datumi izvedb teh izračunov nobeden od njih ni bil dovolj natančen in trden, da bi upravičil izbiro prizemne tehnologije za razširitev pokritja.
Is the aid measure aimed at a well-defined objective of common interest?
Poleg tega nobenega od njih ni izvedel neodvisni strokovnjak.
Is the aid well designed to deliver the objective of common interest i.e. does it address a market failure or other objective?
V zvezi z dvema študijama o stroških, ki ju je predložil Abertis, je treba poudariti, da sta bili izvedeni leta 2010, dolgo zatem, ko so začeli veljati preiskovani ukrepi.
In particular:
Ne glede na to, ali bi se lahko šteli kot neodvisni in dovolj trdni, dejstvo, da sta bili izvedeni po izpodbijanih ukrepih, pomeni, da takih študij ni mogoče navajati kot podporo argumentu, da španska vlada ni izvedla tehnološko nevtralnega razpisa.
Is the aid measure an appropriate instrument, i.e. are there other, better placed instruments?
Poleg tega rezultati teh študij niso v skladu z ocenami stroškov, ki jih je predložila Astra in dokazujejo, da je satelitska tehnologija bolj stroškovno učinkovita.
Is there an incentive effect, i.e. does the aid change the behaviour of firms?
Poleg tega preiskovanega ukrepa ni mogoče šteti za ustreznega.
Is the aid measure proportional, i.e. could the same change in behaviour be obtained with less aid?
Dejstvo, da nekatera gospodinjstva na območju II sprejemajo nekodirane kanale prek satelita [89], dokazuje, da prizemna tehnologija ni vedno najučinkovitejša in najustreznejša platforma.
Are the distortions of competition and the effect on trade limited, so that the overall balance is positive?
Poleg tega Komisija navaja, da je bila satelitska rešitev uporabljena v nekaterih drugih državah članicah [90].
Objective of common interest
Poleg tega dejstvo, da je Astra sodelovala na tehnološko nevtralnem razpisu za razširitev pokritja z digitalno televizijo v Kantabriji in na njem tudi zmagala, kaže vsaj na to, da lahko satelitska platforma zagotavlja to storitev [91].
The aid scheme is aimed at accelerating the digital switch-over process in Spain and ensuring the continuity of TV reception to residents of certain remote and rural areas.
Ustreznost ukrepa je še vedno vprašljiva.
In this respect, the measure is targeted to allow people living in those areas to watch television.
Medtem ko je bil v Španiji prehod z analogne televizije na digitalno prizemno televizijo v frekvenčnem pasu 800 MHz zaključen 3. aprila 2010, se je Španija leta 2011 odločila, da frekvence v frekvenčnem pasu 800 MHz proda na dražbi.
Access to media, including TV transmission, is important for citizens to exercise their constitutional right to access information.
Takšni stroški ne bi nastali, če bi bile izbrane druge platforme (IPTV, kabel ali satelit).
The Commission has recognised the importance and the benefits of digital transmission in the Action Plan eEurope 2005 [80] as well as in its two Communications on the transition from analogue to digital broadcasting [81].
Še več, izpostavljeno je bilo, da frekvence četrte generacije mobilnih omrežij LTE motijo signale digitalne prizemne televizije, zaradi česar morajo gospodinjstva kupiti drage filtre za zaščito svojega signala digitalne prizemne televizije pred valovi LTE [93].
In its Communication i2010 — A European Information Society for growth and employment [82], the Commission has pointed out that the planned switch-off of analogue terrestrial television by 2012 will improve access to spectrum in Europe.
Ni mogoče izključiti, da so podobne interference splošnejša težava, ki ogroža prihodnjo ustreznost prizemne radiodifuzije, zlasti v okviru večje in širše uvedbe dostopovnih omrežij naslednje generacije.
As digital broadcasting uses spectrum more efficiently, it frees up spectrum capacity for other users, such as the new broadcasting and mobile telephony services, which will in turn stimulate innovation and growth in the TV and electronic communications industries.
Španija je predložila dva druga argumenta, ki podpirata stališče, da bi bil satelitski prenos dražji od prenosa digitalne prizemne televizije.
It is therefore concluded that the measure is targeted at a well-defined objective of common interest.
Prvič, izdajatelji televizijskega programa so na podlagi sporazumov z nekaterimi ponudniki ozemeljsko omejeni.
Well-defined aid
Zagotovitev takega pogojnega dostopa bi bila pri satelitski tehnologiji dražja.
Market failure
Drugič, satelitska tehnologija ne bi bila opremljena za oddajanje velikega števila regionalnih kanalov.