natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The Commission also requested information (by means of a specific questionnaire – Appendix A) concerning the structure of government control in the Chinese banks concerned and the pursuit of government policies or interests with respect to the steel industry (i.e. board of directors and board of shareholders, minutes of shareholders/directors meetings, nationality of shareholders/directors, lending policies and assessment of risk with respect to loans provided to the cooperating exporting producers).
Komisija je zahtevala tudi informacije (prek posebnega vprašalnika – Priloge A) glede strukture vladnega nadzora v zadevnih kitajskih bankah in upoštevanja vladnih politik ali interesov v zvezi z industrijo jekla (tj. odbora direktorjev in odbora delničarjev, zapisnikov sestankov delničarjev/direktorjev, nacionalnosti delničarjev/direktorjev, posojilnih politik in ocene tveganja glede posojil, ki so bila dodeljena sodelujočim proizvajalcem izvoznikom).
Nevertheless, in the reply to the questionnaire the GOC submitted only one Appendix A which contained some general information (mostly compiled from websites of the banks).
Vseeno pa je kitajska vlada v svojem odgovoru na vprašalnik posredovala zgolj eno Prilogo A, ki je vsebovala nekatere splošne informacije (pretežno zbrane iz spletnih mest bank).
Most of the specific information requested in Appendix A was not provided.
Večine posebnih informacij, ki jih je zahtevala Priloga A, pa kitajska vlada ni predložila.
To some of the questions the GOC replied that it does not have such information at this time and to some it only provided information on selected banks (e.g. Articles of Association were only provided for eight banks).
Kitajska vlada je na nekatera vprašanja odgovorila, da s takimi informacijami v tistem trenutku ne razpolaga, v zvezi z drugimi pa je predložila informacije le o izbranih bankah (predloženi so bili statuti samo osmih bank).
In the deficiency letter, the Commission repeated its request and invited the GOC to provide all the information as originally requested in the questionnaire.
Komisija je v svojem pozivu k dopolnitvi ponovila svojo zahtevo in pozvala kitajsko vlado, naj predloži vse informacije, kot jih je v vprašalniku prvotno zahtevala.
In its reply to the deficiency letter the GOC submitted some additional information.
Kitajska vlada je v svojem odgovoru na poziv k dopolnitvi predložila nekatere dodatne informacije.
However, the answer was still very incomplete and much of the requested information (e.g. the percentage of government ownership in state-owned banks, the Articles of Association of some banks listed in the questionnaire, complete replies questions in Appendix A) was not provided.
Vendar je bil njen odgovor še vedno zelo nepopoln in veliko zahtevanih informacij (npr. delež državnega lastništva v bankah v državni lasti, statuti nekaterih bank, navedenih v vprašalniku, popolno izpolnjena Priloga A) ni zagotovila.
In the questionnaire, deficiency letter and again during the on-spot verification visit the Commission requested circulars of the People's Bank of China (PBOC) concerning expansion of financial institutions' loan interest rate policy (YinFa [2003] No.250 and YinFa [2004] No 251).
Komisija je v vprašalniku, pozivu k dopolnitvi in znova med preveritvenim obiskom na kraju samem zahtevala okrožnici Ljudske banke Kitajske glede politike povečanja obrestne mere posojil finančnih institucij (Yinfa [2003] št. 250 in Yinfa [2004] št. 251).
The Commission learned about the existence of these circulars in the course of previous investigation.
Komisija je o teh okrožnicah izvedela med prejšnjo preiskavo.
However, instead of providing these circulars the GOC referred the Commission to the PBOC website to find out about the financial institutions' loan interest rate policy.
Vendar pa je kitajska vlada Komisijo, namesto da bi ji predložila te okrožnice, za informacije o politiki obrestne mere za posojila finančnih ustanov napotila na spletno mesto Ljudske banke Kitajske.
During the verification two exhibits were submitted in this respect, but these were only printouts from the website.
Med preveritvenim obiskom sta bila v tej zvezi predložena dva listinska dokaza, vendar sta bila ta samo natisnjeni spletni strani.
It is noted that no complete content of these Circulars could be found on the PBOC website.
Treba je omeniti, da na spletnem mestu Ljudske banke Kitajske ni bilo mogoče najti popolne vsebine teh okrožnic.
The Commission requested also the Circular of PBOC concerning the changes of 8 June 2012 to be submitted during the on-spot verification.
Komisija je med preveritvenim obiskom na kraju samem zahtevala tudi okrožnico Ljudske banke Kitajske o spremembah z dne 8. junija 2012.
The GOC did not provide the Circular and instead it only provided general information printed from the PBOC website concerning adjustment of benchmark interest rates.
Kitajska vlada te okrožnice ni predložila in je namesto nje predložila zgolj splošne informacije o prilagajanju referenčnih obrestnih mer, natisnjene na spletni strani Ljudske banke Kitajske.
The Commission also asked the GOC to arrange meetings with specific banks in order to verify information concerning preferential lending to the OCS industry.
Komisija je kitajsko vlado tudi zaprosila, naj se dogovori za sestanke z nekaterimi bankami, da bi preverila informacije o preferenčnem posojanju industriji jeklenih izdelkov, prevlečenih z organskimi premazi.
However the GOC failed to organise such meetings and claimed that it was unable to intervene with state-owned banks to arrange such meetings.
Vendar kitajska vlada takih sestankov ni organizirala in je trdila, da ni mogla posredovati pri državnih bankah, da bi se o njih dogovorila.
It is also noted that in the pre-verification letter of 7 June 2012 the Commission explained that it would be prepared to start the verification one day earlier and in fact allow more time for the verification should the GOC consider that banks are best placed to provide clarifications and explanations concerning preferential lending.
Treba je tudi omeniti, da je Komisija v predpreveritvenem pismu z dne 7. junija 2012 pojasnila, da je pripravljena začeti preveritveni obisk en dan prej in dejansko omogočiti več časa zanj, če bi kitajska vlada menila, da so za pojasnila in razlage o preferenčnem posojanju najprimernejše banke.
The Commission therefore requested the GOC to confirm the presence of the banks before the verification so that necessary arrangements could be made by the verification team.
Komisija je od kitajske vlade zato zahtevala, da prisotnost bank potrdi pred preveritvenim obiskom, da bi si tako delovna skupina za preveritveni obisk lahko uredila vse potrebno.
In its letter of 15 June 2012 the GOC stated that it would continue to request the banks to cooperate but that it could not coerce them to do so.
Kitajska vlada je v svojem pismu z dne 15. junija 2012 izjavila, da bo od bank še naprej zahtevala sodelovanje, toda da jih k temu ne more prisiliti.
Eventually, it was only during the first day of the verification that the Commission team was informed that the representative of the China Construction Bank was available for the questions and explanations.
Delovna skupina Komisije je bila o tem, da ji je za vprašanja in pojasnila na voljo predstavnik Kitajske konstrukcijske banke, obveščena šele prvi dan preveritvenega obiska.
Since the Commission had not been informed about this (although specifically requested in the pre-verification letter) it was not possible to address specific questions about contracts and loan terms but only questions of a general character.
Ker Komisija o tem ni bila predhodno obveščena (čeprav je to v predpreveritvenem pismu izrecno zahtevala), posebnih vprašanj o pogodbah in posojilnih pogojih ni bilo mogoče obravnavati, ampak zgolj vprašanja splošnega značaja.
In any event, no supporting documentation was provided for the statements made by the representative of the China Construction Bank with the explanation that all the documents that the Commission requested would be confidential and of an internal character.
Kakorkoli že, izjave predstavnika Kitajske konstrukcijske banke ob razlagi, da bi bili vsi dokumenti, ki jih je zahtevala Komisija, zaupni in notranji, niso bile podprte z nobeno podporno dokumentacijo.
In view of this lack of cooperation, it has been necessary, in addition to taking account of relevant GOC documents submitted by other parties, to use information from secondary sources, including the complaint and publicly available information retrieved from internet.
Glede na pomanjkljivo sodelovanje je bilo treba, poleg upoštevanja ustreznih dokumentov kitajske vlade, ki so jih predložile druge stranke, uporabiti informacije iz drugotnih virov, vključno s pritožbo in javno dostopnimi informacijami, pridobljenimi s spleta.
State involvement in the banking sector
Vključenost države v bančni sektor
The investigation has established that the Chinese financial market is characterised by government intervention because most of the major banks are state-owned.
Preiskava je pokazala, da je za kitajski finančni trg značilno poseganje vlade, saj je večina velikih bank v državni lasti.
The Chinese authorities have provided only very limited information concerning shareholding/ownership of banks in China.
Kitajski organi so predložili samo zelo omejene informacije glede deležev/lastništva bank na Kitajskem.
In performing its analysis whether banks are entities vested with or exercising government authority (public bodies) the Commission also sought information concerning not only the government ownership of the banks but also other characteristics such as the government presence on the board of directors, the government control over their activities, the pursuit of government policies or interests and whether entities were created by statute.
Pri izvajanju analize, ali so banke pooblaščene za izvajanje ali izvajajo vladna pooblastila (javni organi), je Komisija poleg informacij o vladnem lastništvu bank zbirala informacije tudi o drugih značilnostih, kot so prisotnost vlade v odborih direktorjev, vladni nadzor nad dejavnostmi, upoštevanje vladnih politik ali interesov in ali so bili subjekti ustanovljeni z zakonom.
From the available information it is concluded that the state-owned banks in China hold the highest market share and are the predominant players in the Chinese financial market.
Iz razpoložljivih informacij je bilo ugotovljeno, da državne banke na Kitajskem obvladujejo največji tržni delež in so prevladujoči udeleženci na kitajskem finančnem trgu.
According to the 2006 Deutsche Bank Research on China's banking sector [47], the state-owned banks' share may amount to more than 2/3 of the Chinese market.
Glede na raziskavo Deutsche Bank o kitajskem bančnem sektorju iz leta 2006 [47] lahko delež državnih bank znaša več kot 2/3 kitajskega trga.
For the same matter the WTO Trade Policy Review of China noted that "The high degree of state ownership is another notable feature of the financial sector in China" [48] and "there has been little change in the market structure of China's banking sector, which is dominated by state-owned banks" [49].
Glede tega je bilo v pregledu trgovinske politike Kitajske, ki ga je izvedla WTO, ugotovljeno, da „je visoka stopnja državnega lastništva še ena pomembna značilnost finančnega sektorja na Kitajskem“ [48] in „struktura trga kitajskega bančnega sektorja, na katerem prevladujejo banke v državni lasti, se je zelo malo spremenila“ [49].
It is pertinent to note that the five largest state-owned commercial banks (Agricultural Bank, Bank of China, Construction Bank of China, Bank of Communications and Industrial and Commercial Bank) appear to represent more than half of the Chinese banking sector [50].
Primerno je opozoriti, da pet največjih poslovnih bank v državni lasti (Kmetijska banka, Banka Kitajske, Konstrukcijska banka Kitajske, Komunikacijska banka ter Industrijska in poslovna banka) domnevno predstavlja več kot polovico kitajskega bančnega sektorja [50].
The Commission also requested information concerning the structure of government control in those Chinese banks and the pursuit of government policies or interests with respect to the steel industry (i.e. board of directors and board of shareholders, minutes of shareholders/directors meetings, nationality of shareholders/directors, lending policies and assessment of risk with respect to loans provided to the cooperating exporting producers).
Komisija je zahtevala tudi informacije glede strukture vladnega nadzora v omenjenih kitajskih bankah in upoštevanja vladnih politik ali interesov v zvezi z industrijo jekla (tj. odbora direktorjev in odbora delničarjev, zapisnikov sestankov delničarjev/direktorjev, nacionalnosti delničarjev/direktorjev, posojilnih politik in ocene tveganja glede posojil, dodeljenih sodelujočim proizvajalcem izvoznikom).
Nevertheless, as noted in recital (160) above, the GOC provided only very limited information in this respect.
Vendar je kitajska vlada, kot je omenjeno v uvodni izjavi (160), o tem predložila samo zelo omejene informacije.
It concluded on the basis of the available data that those banks are controlled by the government and exercise government authority in a manner that their actions can be attributed to the State.
Na podlagi razpoložljivih informacij je sklenila, da omenjene banke nadzoruje vlada in da banke izvajajo vladna pooblastila na način, ki omogoča, da se njihova dejanja pripišejo vladi.
with relevant information suggesting that this may represent as little as 1 % of the Chinese market [51].
Glede tujih bank neodvisni viri ocenjujejo, da pomenijo majhen del kitajskega bančnega sektorja in imajo zanemarljivo vlogo v posojilni politiki, na podlagi ustreznih informacij pa je mogoče sklepati, da lahko ta znaša tudi samo 1 % kitajskega trga [51].
Relevant publicly available information also confirms that Chinese banks, particularly the large commercial banks, still rely on state-owned shareholders and the government for replenishment of capital when there is a lack of capital adequacy as result of credit expansion [52].
Ustrezne javno dostopne informacije potrjujejo tudi, da se kitajske banke, zlasti velike poslovne banke, v primeru pomanjkanja kapitalske ustreznosti zaradi povečevanja posojil za obnovitev kapitala še vedno zanašajo na delničarje v državni lasti in vlado [52].
With respect to the banks that provided loans to the cooperating exporting producers, the great majority of them are state-owned banks.
Banke, ki so sodelujočim proizvajalcem izvoznikom zagotavljale posojila, so v veliki večini v državni lasti.
Indeed on the basis of the available information it was found that at least 14 out of the 17 reported banks are state-owned banks, including the major Commercial banks in China like Bank of China, China Construction Bank and Industrial and Commercial Bank of China.
Na podlagi razpoložljivih informacij je bilo dejansko ugotovljeno, da je vsaj 14 od 17 evidentiranih bank v državni lasti, vključno z velikimi poslovnimi bankami, kot so Banka Kitajske, Kitajska konstrukcijska banka ter Kitajska industrijska in poslovna banka.
With respect to the remaining state-owned banks concerned, again the Commission requested the same information mentioned above concerning the government control and the pursuit of government policies or interests with respect to the steel industry.
Glede drugih zadevnih državnih bank je Komisija prav tako zahtevala enake informacije, kot so navedene zgoraj, v zvezi z vladnim nadzorom in upoštevanjem vladnih politik ali interesov glede industrije jekla.
No such detailed information was provided.
Take podrobne informacije niso bile predložene.
It is therefore concluded that the banks are controlled by the government and exercise government authority in a manner that their actions can be attributed to the State.
Zato je bilo sklenjeno, da te banke nadzoruje vlada in da banke izvajajo pooblastilo vlade na način, ki omogoča, da se njihovo ukrepanje pripiše državi.
For this reason the state-owned commercial banks in China should be considered public bodies.
Zato je treba za poslovne banke v državni lasti na Kitajskem šteti, da so javni organi.
Another sign of GOC involvement in Chinese financial market is the role played by the PBOC in setting the specific limits on the way interest rates are set and fluctuate.
Še en znak, da kitajska vlada posega na kitajski finančni trg, je vloga, ki jo ima Ljudska banka Kitajske pri določanju posebnih omejitev glede načina določanja obrestnih mer in njihovega nihanja.
According to the information available, these rules are set out in the PBOC's Circular on the Issues about the Adjusting Interest Rates on Deposits and Loans-Yinfa (2004) No 251 ("Circular 251").
Glede na razpoložljive informacije so ta pravila določena v Okrožnici Ljudske banke Kitajske o vprašanjih glede prilagajanja obrestnih mer vlog in posojil – Yinfa (2004) št. 251 („okrožnica št. 251“).
For commercial bank loans and policy bank loans managed commercially there is no upper limit range but only a lower limit range.
Za komercialna bančna posojila in bančna posojila za politike, ki se upravljajo komercialno, ni zgornje omejitve obsega, ampak samo spodnja omejitev obsega.
The Commission sought clarifications from the GOC on the definition and wording stated in the Circular 251 as well as to its preceding legislation (Circular of PBOC concerning expansion of Financial Institution's Loan Interest Rate Float Range – YinFa [2003] No. 250).
Komisija je od kitajske vlade zahtevala pojasnila glede opredelitve in ubeseditve v okrožnici št. 251 ter v njeni prejšnji zakonodaji (okrožnica Ljudske banke Kitajske glede povečanja razpona spreminjanja obrestne mere posojil finančnih institucij – Yinfa [2003] št. 250).
However as described in the recitals (161) and (162) above, the GOC refused to provide these Circulars which prevented the Commission to verify their content and seek explanations.
Vendar je kitajska vlada, kot je opisano v uvodnih izjavah (161) in (162), zavrnila, da bi te okrožnice predložila, kar je Komisiji preprečilo, da bi preverila njihovo vsebino in pridobila pojasnila.
Since the GOC did not provide any relevant information in this respect which would suggest the situation changed since May 2011 when the Commission concluded its anti-subsidy investigation concerning Coated Fine Paper [53] it is established that the PBOC is involved and influences setting of interest rates by state-owned commercial bank.
Ker kitajska vlada o tem ni predložila nobenih ustreznih informacij, zaradi katerih bi bilo mogoče sklepati o spremembi položaja od maja 2011, ko je Komisija zaključila svojo protisubvencijsko preiskavo o premazanem finem papirju [53], je bilo ugotovljeno, da Ljudska banka Kitajske sodeluje in vpliva na določanje obrestnih mer poslovnih bank v državni lasti.
The GOC did not provide any evidence that the situation as established in the Coated Fine Paper investigation has changed, therefore on the basis of facts available and the other evidence cited above, it was concluded that the situation concerning the methodology for determining interest rates should remain the same during the entire IP.
Kitajska vlada ni predložila nobenih dokazov o spremembi položaja, kot je bil ugotovljen v preiskavi o premazanem finem papirju, zato je bilo na podlagi razpoložljivih podatkov in drugih navedenih dokazov ugotovljeno, da bi položaj v zvezi z metodologijo za določanje obrestnih mer v celotnem OP moral ostati nespremenjen.
Entrustment and direction
Zaupanje nalog in ukazovanje
The Commission also endeavoured to analyse whether the privately owned commercial banks in China are entrusted or directed by the GOC to provide preferential (subsidised) loans to the organic coated steel producers, within the meaning of Article 3.1(a)(iv) of the basic Regulation.
Komisija si je prizadevala analizirati tudi, ali je kitajska vlada poslovnim bankam na Kitajskem v zasebni lasti zaupala ali ukazala, v smislu člena 3(1)(a)(iv) osnovne uredbe, dodeljevanje preferenčnih (subvencioniranih) posojil proizvajalcem jeklenih izdelkov, prevlečenih z organskimi premazi.
GOC policy
Politika kitajske vlade
Extension of policy to private banks
Razširitev politike na zasebne banke
The Commercial banking law [2003] applies in the same way to state-owned commercial banks and privately owned commercial banks.
Zakon o poslovnem bančništvu [2003] se uporablja za poslovne banke v državni in zasebni lasti enako.
For example Article 38 of this law instructs all Commercial banks (i.e. also those which are privately owned) to "determine the loan rate in accordance with the upper and lower limit of the loan rate set by the PBOC", Article 34 of the Commercial Banking Law instructs the commercial banks to "carry out their loan business upon the needs of national economy and the social development and with the spirit of state industrial policies".
Člen 38 tega zakona vsem poslovnim bankam (tj. tudi bankam v zasebni lasti) na primer nalaga, da „obrestno mero posojil določijo v skladu z zgornjo in spodnjo mejo obrestne mere, kot ju določi Ljudska banka Kitajske“, člen 34 tega zakona pa jim nalaga, da „svojo posojilno dejavnost izvajajo v skladu s potrebami nacionalnega gospodarstva in socialnega razvoja ter v duhu industrijskih politik države“.
Also the Order No.35 - Policies for the development of Iron and Steel Industry, in particular Articles 24 and 25 which limit the provision of loans only to those companies which comply with the national development policies for the Iron and steel industry do not distinguish between state-owned and privately-owned commercial banks.
Tudi Odredba št. 35 – Razvojne politike za industrijo železa in jekla, zlasti člena 24 in 25, ki dodeljevanje posojil omejujeta samo na tiste družbe, ki ravnajo skladno z nacionalnimi razvojnimi politikami za industrijo železa in jekla, ne ločuje med poslovnimi bankami v državni in zasebni lasti.
Further the above mentioned (recitals (161) and (162)) Circulars of the PBOC are also binding for privately–owned commercial banks.
Zgoraj navedeni (uvodni izjavi (161) in (162)) okrožnici Ljudske banke Kitajske sta zavezujoči tudi za poslovne banke v zasebni lasti.
The above citations from laws and regulations relevant for the banking sector show that the GOC policy to provide preferential lending to the organic coated steel producers extends also to privately-owned commercial banks and in fact the GOC instructs them to "carry out their loan business upon the needs of national economy and the social development and with the spirit of state industrial policies" [55].
Navedene navedbe iz zakonov in predpisov, ki zadevajo bančni sektor, kažejo, da politika kitajske vlade za zagotavljanje preferenčnih posojil proizvajalcem jeklenih izdelkov, prevlečenih z organskimi premazi, vključuje tudi poslovne banke v zasebni lasti ter da jim kitajska vlada dejansko nalaga, da „svojo posojilno dejavnost izvajajo v skladu s potrebami nacionalnega gospodarstva in socialnega razvoja ter v duhu industrijskih politik države“ [55].
Credit risk assessment
Ocena kreditnega tveganja
The Commission requested relevant information from the GOC in order to assess how the banks in China are performing credit risk assessment of the OCS companies before deciding whether to grant them or not loans and deciding on the conditions of the loans which are granted.
Komisija je od kitajske vlade zahtevala ustrezne informacije, da bi ocenila, kako banke na Kitajskem ocenjujejo kreditno tveganje družb, ki proizvajajo jeklene izdelke, prevlečene z organskimi premazi, pred odločanjem o odobritvi posojil in posojilnih pogojih, pod katerimi se odobrijo.