natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Institutions' internal assessments of the performance of their rating systems shall be based on as long a period as possible;
Notranje presoje delovanja bonitetnih sistemov institucij temeljijo na čim daljšem obdobju;
the methods and data used for quantitative validation shall be consistent through time.
uporabljene metode in podatki za kvantitativno ovrednotenje so ves čas dosledni.
Changes in estimation and validation methods and data (both data sources and periods covered) shall be documented;
Spremembe metod ocenjevanja in ovrednotenja ter podatkov (viri podatkov in obdobja opazovanja) se dokumentirajo;
institutions shall have sound internal standards for situations where deviations in realised PDs, LGDs, conversion factors and total losses, where EL is used, from expectations, become significant enough to call the validity of the estimates into question.
institucije vzpostavijo zanesljive notranje standarde za primere, ko odstopanja dejanskih PD, dejanskih LGD, dejanskih konverzijskih faktorjev in skupnih izgub, če se uporabljajo ocene EL, od pričakovanj postanejo dovolj pomembna, da spodbijajo veljavnost ocen.
These standards shall take account of business cycles and similar systematic variability in default experience.
Ti standardi upoštevajo ekonomske cikle in podobne sistematične spremembe pri dejanskih neplačilih.
Where realised values continue to be higher than expected values, institutions shall revise estimates upward to reflect their default and loss experience;
Če so dejanske vrednosti še naprej višje od pričakovanih vrednosti, institucije popravijo oceno navzgor, da odrazijo dejansko stanje neplačil in izgub.
Sub-Section 4
Pododdelek 4
Requirements for equity exposures under the internal models approach
Zahteve za izpostavljenosti iz naslova lastniških instrumentov v okviru pristopa notranjih modelov
Article 186
člen 186
Own funds requirement and risk quantification
Kapitalske zahteve in količinska opredelitev tveganja
For the purpose of calculating own funds requirements institutions shall meet the following standards:
Institucije za namene izračunavanja kapitalskih zahtev izpolnjujejo naslednje standarde:
the estimate of potential loss shall be robust to adverse market movements relevant to the long-term risk profile of the institution's specific holdings.
ocena potencialne izgube je robustna glede na negativna gibanja na trgu, ki vplivajo na dolgoročni profil tveganja portfelja lastniških instrumentov institucije.
The data used to represent return distributions shall reflect the longest sample period for which data is available and meaningful in representing the risk profile of the institution's specific equity exposures.
Podatki, uporabljeni za prikaz izplačil donosa, odražajo najdaljše vzorčno obdobje opazovanja, za katerega so podatki razpoložljivi in smiselni za prikaz profila tveganja posameznih izpostavljenosti iz naslova lastniških instrumentov institucije.
The data used shall be sufficient to provide conservative, statistically reliable and robust loss estimates that are not based purely on subjective or judgmental considerations.
Uporabljeni podatki zadostujejo za izdelavo konservativnih, statistično zanesljivih in trdnih ocen izgub, ki ne temeljijo izključno na subjektivni oceni ali presoji.
The shock employed shall provide a conservative estimate of potential losses over a relevant long-term market or business cycle.
Uporabljeni šok zagotavlja konservativno oceno potencialnih izgub v zadevnem dolgoročnem tržnem ali ekonomskem ciklusu.
The institution shall combine empirical analysis of available data with adjustments based on a variety of factors in order to attain model outputs that achieve appropriate realism and conservatism.
Institucija združuje empirične analize razpoložljivih podatkov s prilagoditvami, ki temeljijo na različnih dejavnikih, da bi dosegla dovolj realistične in konservativne rezultate modelov.
In constructing Value at Risk (VaR) models estimating potential quarterly losses, institutions may use quarterly data or convert shorter horizon period data to a quarterly equivalent using an analytically appropriate method supported by empirical evidence and through a well-developed and documented thought process and analysis.
Pri izdelavi modelov tvegane vrednosti (VaR) za ocenjevanje potencialnih četrtletnih izgub lahko institucije uporabljajo četrtletne podatke ali konvertirajo podatke iz krajših časovnih obdobij na četrtletne protivrednosti z uporabo analitično primernih metod, podprtih z empiričnimi dokazi, ter z dobro razvitim in dokumentiranim miselnim procesom in analizo.
Such an approach shall be applied conservatively and consistently over time.
Takšen pristop se uporablja konservativno in dosledno dalj časa.
Where only limited relevant data is available the institution shall add appropriate margins of conservatism;
Če so na voljo samo omejeni ustrezni podatki, institucija doda ustrezne mere konservativnosti;
the models used shall capture adequately all of the material risks embodied in equity returns including both the general market risk and specific risk exposure of the institution's equity portfolio.
uporabljeni modeli primerno zajemajo vsa pomembna tveganja, ki jih vsebujejo donosi iz lastniških instrumentov, vključno s splošnim tržnim tveganjem in posebnim tveganjem izpostavljenosti portfelja lastniških instrumentov institucije.
The internal models shall adequately explain historical price variation, capture both the magnitude and changes in the composition of potential concentrations, and be robust to adverse market environments.
Notranji modeli primerno razlagajo pretekle spremembe cen, zajemajo tako razsežnost kot spremembe strukture potencialnih koncentracij in so odporni na neugodna gibanja na trgu.
The population of risk exposures represented in the data used for estimation shall be closely matched to or at least comparable with those of the institution's equity exposures;
Populacija tveganih izpostavljenosti, ki je zastopana v podatkih, uporabljenih za ocenjevanje, ustreza izpostavljenostim iz naslova lastniških instrumentov institucije ali je vsaj primerljiva z njimi;
the internal model shall be appropriate for the risk profile and complexity of an institution's equity portfolio.
notranji model je primeren za profil tveganja in zahtevnost portfelja lastniških instrumentov institucije.
Where an institution has material holdings with values that are highly non-linear in nature the internal models shall be designed to capture appropriately the risks associated with such instruments;
Kadar ima institucija pomembne naložbe z vrednostmi, ki so po svoji naravi zelo nelinearne, se notranji modeli izdelajo tako, da primerno zajamejo tveganja, povezana s takimi instrumenti;
institutions shall demonstrate through empirical analyses the appropriateness of risk factors, including their ability to cover both general and specific risk;
institucije z empiričnimi analizami dokažejo primernost dejavnikov tveganja, vključno z njihovo zmožnostjo zajeti splošno in posebno tveganje;
Independently reviewed internal data or data from external sources including pooled data shall be used;
Uporabljajo se notranji podatki, ki so bili neodvisno pregledani, ali podatki iz zunanjih virov, vključno s skupnimi podatki;
a rigorous and comprehensive stress-testing programme shall be in place.
vzpostavljen je temeljit in izčrpen program za izvajanje stresnih testov.
Article 187
člen 187
Risk management process and controls
Proces upravljanja s tveganji in kontrole
With regard to the development and use of internal models for own funds requirement purposes, institutions shall establish policies, procedures, and controls to ensure the integrity of the model and modelling process.
Institucije za razvoj in uporabo notranjih modelov za namene izračuna kapitalskih zahtev izoblikujejo politike, postopke in kontrole, ki bodo zagotavljali celovitost modela in postopka modeliranja.
These policies, procedures, and controls shall include the following:
Politike, postopki in kontrole obsegajo naslednje:
full integration of the internal model into the overall management information systems of the institution and in the management of the non-trading book equity portfolio.
popolno integracijo notranjega modela v celoten upravljavski informacijski sistem institucije in v upravljanje s portfeljem lastniških instrumentov, ki so postavke iz netrgovalne knjige.
Internal models shall be fully integrated into the institution's risk management infrastructure if they are particularly used in measuring and assessing equity portfolio performance including the risk-adjusted performance, allocating economic capital to equity exposures and evaluating overall capital adequacy and the investment management process;
Notranji modeli so popolnoma vpeti v strukturo upravljanja s tveganji institucije, če se posebej uporabljajo pri merjenju in presoji delovanja portfelja lastniških instrumentov, vključno s tveganju prilagojenim delovanjem, razporejanju ekonomskega kapitala za izpostavljenosti iz naslova lastniških instrumentov in ovrednotenju celotne kapitalske ustreznosti ter procesa upravljanja naložb;
established management systems, procedures, and control functions for ensuring the periodic and independent review of all elements of the internal modelling process, including approval of model revisions, vetting of model inputs, and review of model results, such as direct verification of risk computations.
vzpostavljene sisteme upravljanja ter postopke in kontrolne funkcije za zagotovitev rednega in neodvisnega pregledovanja vseh elementov notranjega modeliranja, vključno z odobritvijo sprememb modela, vrednostenjem vhodnih podatkov in pregledovanjem rezultatov modela, kakor je neposredna verifikacija izračunov tveganja.
These reviews shall assess the accuracy, completeness, and appropriateness of model inputs and results and focus on both finding and limiting potential errors associated with known weaknesses and identifying unknown model weaknesses.
S preverjanji se presojajo natančnost, popolnost in ustreznost vhodnih podatkov in rezultatov modela, osredotočajo pa se tako na iskanje in omejevanje potencialnih napak, povezanih z znanimi pomanjkljivostmi, kot na identifikacijo neznanih pomanjkljivosti modela.
Such reviews may be conducted by an internal independent unit, or by an independent external third party;
Takšne preglede lahko izvaja notranja neodvisna služba ali neodvisna zunanja tretja oseba;
the units responsible for the design and application of the model shall be functionally independent from the units responsible for managing individual investments;
enote, pristojne za oblikovanje in uporabo modela, so funkcionalno neodvisne od enot, pristojnih za upravljanje posameznih naložb;
parties responsible for any aspect of the modelling process shall be adequately qualified.
osebe, pristojne za kateri koli vidik postopka modeliranja, so ustrezno usposobljene.
Article 188
člen 188
Institutions shall have robust systems in place to validate the accuracy and consistency of their internal models and modelling processes.
Institucije vzpostavijo zanesljive sisteme za ovrednotenje natančnosti in doslednosti svojih notranjih modelov in procesov modeliranja.
All material elements of the internal models and the modelling process and validation shall be documented.
Vsi pomembni elementi notranjih modelov ter procesa modeliranja in ovrednotenja se dokumentirajo.
The validation and documentation of institutions' internal models and modelling processes shall be subject to the following requirements:
Pri ovrednotenju in dokumentaciji notranjih modelov in procesov modeliranja institucije morajo biti izpolnjene naslednje zahteve:
institutions shall use the internal validation process to assess the performance of its internal models and processes in a consistent and meaningful way;
institucije uporabljajo postopek notranjega ovrednotenja za ocenjevanje delovanja svojih notranjih modelov in postopkov na dosleden in smiseln način;
Changes in estimation and validation methods and data both data sources and periods covered shall be documented;
Spremembe metod ocenjevanja in ovrednotenja ter podatkov (viri podatkov in obdobja opazovanja) se dokumentirajo;
institutions shall regularly compare actual equity returns computed using realised and unrealised gains and losses with modelled estimates.
institucije redno primerjajo dejanske donose iz lastniških instrumentov, izračunane z uporabo realiziranih in nerealiziranih dobičkov in izgub, z modeliranimi ocenami.
institutions shall make use of other quantitative validation tools and comparisons with external data sources.
institucije uporabljajo tudi druga orodja za kvantitativno ovrednotenje parametrov tveganja in primerjave z zunanjimi viri podatkov.
Institutions' internal assessments of the performance of their models shall be based on as long a period as possible;
Notranje presoje delovanja modelov institucij temeljijo na čim daljšem obdobju;
institutions shall have sound internal standards for addressing situations where comparison of actual equity returns with the models estimates calls the validity of the estimates or of the models as such into question.
institucije vzpostavijo zanesljive notranje standarde za obravnavanje primerov, ko primerjava dejanskih donosov iz lastniških instrumentov z modeliranimi ocenami spodbija veljavnost ocen ali modelov kot takih.
All adjustments made to internal models in response to model reviews shall be documented and consistent with the institution's model review standards;
Vse spremembe notranjih modelov, ki so posledica pregledov modelov, se dokumentirajo in so skladne s standardi institucij za pregled modelov;
the internal model and the modelling process shall be documented, including the responsibilities of parties involved in the modelling, and the model approval and model review processes.
notranji model in proces modeliranja se dokumentirata, vključno z odgovornostmi strank, ki sodelujejo pri modeliranju, ter odobritvijo in pregledom modela.
Sub-Section 5
Pododdelek 5
Internal governance and oversight
Notranje upravljanje in nadzor
All material aspects of the rating and estimation processes shall be approved by the institution's management body or a designated committee thereof and senior management.
Upravljalni organ institucije ali njegov imenovani odbor in višje vodstvo potrdi vse pomembne elemente procesov izdelave bonitetnih ocen inprocesov ocenjevanja parametrov tveganja.
These parties shall possess a general understanding of the rating systems of the institution and detailed comprehension of its associated management reports.
Te strani imajo splošno znanje o delovanju bonitetnih sistemov institucije ter podrobno razumevanjepripadajočih vodstvenih poročil.
Senior management shall be subject to the following requirements:
Od višjega vodstva se zahteva:
they shall provide notice to the management body or a designated committee thereof of material changes or exceptions from established policies that will materially impact the operations of the institution's rating systems;
obveščanje upravljalnega organa ali njegovega imenovanega odbora o vsaki pomembni spremembi vzpostavljenih politik ali odstopanju od njih, ki bo pomembno vplivala/-o na delovanje bonitetnih sistemov institucije;
they shall have a good understanding of the rating systems designs and operations;
razumevanje zgradbe in delovanja bonitetnega sistema;
they shall ensure, on an ongoing basis that the rating systems are operating properly.
stalno zagotavljanje pravilnega delovanja bonitetnih sistemov.
Senior management shall be regularly informed by the credit risk control units about the performance of the rating process, areas needing improvement, and the status of efforts to improve previously identified deficiencies.
Enote za nadzor kreditnega tveganja redno obveščajo višje vodstvo o delovanju procesa izdelave bonitetnih ocen, o področjih, na katerih so potrebne izboljšave, ter o statusu prizadevanj za izboljšanje predhodno ugotovljenih pomanjkljivosti.
Internal ratings-based analysis of the institution's credit risk profile shall be an essential part of the management reporting to these parties.
Analiza profila kreditne tveganosti kreditne institucije na podlagi notranjih bonitetnih ocen je bistven sestavni del vodstvenih poročil za navedene strani.
Reporting shall include at least risk profile by grade, migration across grades, estimation of the relevant parameters per grade, and comparison of realised default rates, and to the extent that own estimates are used of realised LGDs and realised conversion factors against expectations and stress-test results.
Poročilo vsebuje vsaj profil tveganosti po bonitetnih razredih, prehode med bonitetnimi razredi, oceno relevantnih parametrov za bonitetni razred in primerjavo dejanskih stopenj neplačil ter, kolikor se uporabljajo lastne ocene, dejanskih LGD in dejanskih konverzijskih faktorjev spričakovanji in rezultati stresnega testa.
Credit risk control
Nadzor kreditnega tveganja
The credit risk control unit shall be independent from the personnel and management functions responsible for originating or renewing exposures and report directly to senior management.
Enota za nadzor kreditnega tveganja je neodvisna od zaposlenih in vodstvenih funkcij, pristojnih za odobravanje ali obnavljanje izpostavljenosti, in poroča neposredno višjemu vodstvu.
The unit shall be responsible for the design or selection, implementation, oversight and performance of the rating systems.
Ta enota je odgovorna za oblikovanje ali izbiro, uvedbo, nadzor in delovanje bonitetnih sistemov.
The areas of responsibility for the credit risk control unit or units shall include:
Področja, za katera so enota ali enote za nadzor kreditnega tveganja odgovorne, obsegajo:
testing and monitoring grades and pools;
testiranje in spremljanje bonitetnih razredov in skupin;
production and analysis of summary reports from the institution's rating systems;
izdelovanje in analizo zbirnih poročil bonitetnih sistemov institucije;
reviewing and documenting any changes to the rating process, including the reasons for the changes;
pregledovanje in dokumentiranje vseh sprememb procesa izdelave bonitetnih ocen, vključno z razlogi za spremembe;
Changes to the rating process, criteria or individual rating parameters shall be documented and retained;
Spremembe procesaizdelave bonitetnih ocen, meril ali posameznih parametrov se dokumentirajo in hranijo;
active participation in the design or selection, implementation and validation of models used in the rating process;
aktivno udeležbo pri oblikovanju ali izbiranju, uvedbi in ovrednotenju modelov, ki se uporabljajo v procesu izdelave bonitetnih ocen;
oversight and supervision of models used in the rating process;
spremljanje in nadzor modelov, ki se uporabljajo v procesu izdelave bonitetnih ocen;
ongoing review and alterations to models used in the rating process.
stalno pregledovanje in spreminjanje modelov, ki se uporabljajo v procesu izdelave bonitetnih ocen.
Institutions using pooled data in accordance with Article 179(2) may outsource the following tasks:
Institucije, ki uporabljajo skupne podatke v skladu s členom 179(2), lahko prenesejo naslednje naloge na zunanje izvajalce:
production of information relevant to testing and monitoring grades and pools;
pripravo informacij, pomembnih za testiranje in spremljanje bonitetnih razredov in skupin;
production of summary reports from the institution's rating systems;
pripravo zbirnih poročil o bonitetnih sistemih institucije;
production of information relevant to review of the rating criteria to evaluate if they remain predictive of risk;
pripravo informacij v zvezi s pregledovanjem bonitetnih meril z namenom ugotavljanja, ali še vedno ohranjajo sposobnost predvidevanja tveganj;
documentation of changes to the rating process, criteria or individual rating parameters;
dokumentiranje sprememb procesa izdelave bonitetnih ocen, meril ali posameznih bonitetnih parametrov;
production of information relevant to ongoing review and alterations to models used in the rating process.
pripravo informacij v zvezi s stalnim pregledovanjem in spremembami modelov, ki se uporabljajo v procesu izdelave bonitetnih ocen.
Institutions making use of paragraph 3 shall ensure that the competent authorities have access to all relevant information from the third party that is necessary for examining compliance with the requirements and that the competent authorities may perform on-site examinations to the same extent as within the institution.
Institucije, ki uporabljajo odstavek 3, zagotovijo, da imajo pristojni organi dostop do vseh relevantnih informacij od zunanjih izvajalcev, ki so potrebne za preverjanje skladnosti z zahtevami, in da lahko opravljajo preglede pri njih v istem obsegu kakor v instituciji.
Article 191
člen 191
Internal audit or another comparable independent auditing unit shall review at least annually the institution's rating systems and its operations, including the operations of the credit function and the estimation of PDs, LGDs, ELs and conversion factors.
Služba notranje revizije ali druga podobna neodvisna revizijska enota institucije vsaj enkrat letno pregleda bonitetne sisteme institucije in njene dejavnosti, vključno z dejavnostmi kreditne funkcije in ocenjevanjem PD, LGD, EL in konverzijskih faktorjev.
Areas of review shall include adherence to all applicable requirements.
Pregled vključuje preverjanje izpolnjevanja vseh veljavnih zahtev.
Definitions and general requirements
Opredelitve pojmov in splošne zahteve
'lending institution' means the institution which has the exposure in question;
"posojilna institucija" pomeni institucijo, ki ima zadevno izpostavljenost;
'secured lending transaction' means any transaction giving rise to an exposure secured by collateral which does not include a provision conferring upon the institution the right to receive margin at least daily;
"zavarovan posojilni posel" pomeni vsak posel, na podlagi katerega nastane izpostavljenost, ki je zavarovana s premoženjem, in ki ne vključuje določbe, ki instituciji dodeljuje pravico do najmanj dnevnega vzdrževanja kritja;
'capital market-driven transaction' means any transaction giving rise to an exposure secured by collateral which includes a provision conferring upon the institution the right to receive margin at least daily;
"posel z instrumenti kapitalskega trga" pomeni vsak posel, na podlagi katerega nastane izpostavljenost, ki je zavarovana s premoženjem, in ki vključuje določbo, ki kreditni instituciji dodeljuje pravico do najmanj dnevnega vzdrževanja kritja;
'underlying CIU' means a CIU in the shares or units of which another CIU has invested.
"osnovni KNP" pomeni kolektivni naložbeni podjem, v katerega deleže ali enote je investiral drug kolektivni naložbeni podjem.
Principles for recognising the effect of credit risk mitigation techniques
Načela za priznavanje učinka tehnik za zmanjševanje kreditnega tveganja
No exposure in respect of which an institution obtains credit risk mitigation shall produce a higher risk-weighted exposure amount or expected loss amount than an otherwise identical exposure in respect of which an institution has no credit risk mitigation.
Nobena izpostavljenost, za katero institucija pridobi zmanjševanje kreditnega tveganja, ne povzroča višjega zneska tveganju prilagojenih izpostavljenosti kot sicer enaka izpostavljenost, za katero institucija ne uporablja zmanjševanja kreditnega tveganja.
Where the risk-weighted exposure amount already takes account of credit protection under Chapter 2 or Chapter 3, as applicable, institutions shall not take into account that credit protection in the calculations under this Chapter.
Če znesek tveganju prilagojenih izpostavljenosti že upošteva kreditno zavarovanje na podlagi poglavja 2 ali poglavja 3, kot je ustrezno, institucije navedenega kreditnega zavarovanja ne upoštevajo pri izračunih na podlagi tega poglavja.