natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Treatment of choice for atrial fibrillation.
Primerna oblika zdravljenja atrijske fibrilacije.
Identification of alternatives: quinidine sulfate and quinidine gluconate, propranolol.
Alternative: kinidin sulfat in kinidin glukonat, propranolol.
Discussion of the specific advantages: anti-hypertensive, which is used because it also exerts some anti-arrhythmicactivity.
Opis posebnih prednosti: uporablja se proti hipertenziji, ker v določeni meri deluje tudi proti aritmiji.
Due to the different pathophysiology of arrhythymias it is essential to have a variety of different acting medicines in order to be able to treat the specific condition.
Zaradi različne patofiziologije aritmij je bistvenega pomenaraznolikost delujočih zdravil, saj se le tako lahko zdravijo posebna obolenja.
Use of these medicines consists usually of a single treatment to convert back to normal rhythm, which may have to be repeated on only rare occasions.
Uporaba teh zdravil navadno pomeni eno samo aplikacijo, s katero se vzpostavi normalen ritem, ponoviti pa jo je treba le redko.
Purpose: anti-convulsant therapy in foals.
Namen: terapija proti konvulzijam pri žrebetih.
Treatment of rhabdomyolysis.
Zdravljenje rabdomiolize.
Treatment of stringhalt.
Zdravljenje spazmodičnega dvigovanja zadnjih nog.
Identification of alternatives: diazepam, primidone, dantrolene sodium (for rhabdomyolysis).
Alternative: diazepam, primidon, dantrolen natrij (za rabdomiolizo).
Discussion of the specific advantages: essential anti-convulsant in foals.
Opis posebnih prednosti: bistveni antikonvulzant pri žrebetih.
Phenytoin is generally added to the treatment of seizure control if primidone/phenobarbital does not control the seizures.
Fenitoin se navadno uporablja kot dodatek pri zdravljenju napadov, če teh ni mogoče obvladati s primidonom/fenobarbitalom.
Phenytoin is a calcium channel-blocking agent and useful for the treatment of recurrent forms of rhabdomyolysis.
Fenitoin je snov, ki blokira kalcijeve kanalčke in je koristen pri zdravljenju ponavljajočih se oblik rabdomiolize.
Discussion of the specific advantages: primidone is indicated as follow-on from diazepam therapy or as an alternative.
Opis posebnih prednosti: primidon se uporablja po terapiji z diazepamom ali kot alternativa.
Purpose: treatment of ileus, treatment of gastroduodenal stricture in foals, treatment of recurrent small colon impactions in adults.
Namen: zdravljenje ileusa, gastroduodenalne zožitve pri žrebetih, ponavljajočih se majhnih zadrgnitev debelega čreva pri odraslih konjih.
Identification of alternatives: metoclopramide, erythromycin.
Alternative: metoklopramid, eritromicin.
Discussion of the specific advantages: betanechol is a muscarinic cholinergic agonist that stimulates acetylcholine receptors on gastrointestinal smooth muscles, causing them to contract.
Opis posebnih prednosti: betanekol je muskarinski holinergičen agonist, ki spodbuja acetilholinske receptorje na prebavnih gladkih mišicah, kar povzroča njihovo krčenje.
Purpose: diarrhoea treatment.
Namen: zdravljenje diareje.
Identification of alternatives: bismuth subsalicylate.
Alternative: bizmutov subsalicilat.
Discussion of the specific advantages: different mode of action to bismuth subsalicylate.
Opis posebnih prednosti: drugačen način delovanja od bizmutovega subsalicilata.
Opioid motility modulator acting on mu receptors in the gut that provides effective symptomatic management of non-infectious diarrhoea, especially in foals.
Opioidni gibljivostni modulator, ki deluje na mu receptorje v črevesju in zagotavlja učinkovito simptomatsko uravnavanje nenalezljive diareje, zlasti pri žrebetih.
Frequently used in combination with loperamide.
Pogosto se uporablja v kombinaciji z loperamidom.
Similarity in mode of action to loperamide brings synergistic action.
Podobnost z načinom delovanja loperamida prinaša sinergično delovanje.
Purpose: diarrhoea treatment in foals.
Namen: zdravljenje diareje pri žrebetih.
Discussion of the specific advantages: different mode of action to bismuth subsalicylcate.
Opis posebnih prednosti: drugačen način delovanja od bizmutovega subsalicilata.
Opioid motility modulator acting on mu receptors in the gut that provides more effective symptomatic management of non-infectious diarrhoea in foals than other substances.
Opioidni gibljivostni modulator, ki deluje na mu receptorje v črevesju in zagotavlja učinkovitejše simptomatsko uravnavanje nenalezljive diareje pri žrebetih.
Frequently used in combination with codeine.
Pogosto se uporablja v kombinaciji s kodeinom.
Similarity in mode of action to codeine brings synergistic action.
Podobnost z načinom delovanja kodeina prinaša sinergično delovanje.
Identification of alternatives: bethanechol, erythromycin.
Alternative: betanekol, eritromicin.
Discussion of the specific advantages: Metoclopramide is a substituted benzamide with several mechanisms of action: (1) it is a dopamine receptor antagonist; (2) it augments the release of acetylcholine from intrinsic cholinergic neurons; and (3) it has adrenergic blocking activity.
Opis posebnih prednosti: metoklopramid je nadomestni benzamid s številnimi delovanji: (1) je antagonist receptorjev dopamina; (2) poveča sproščanje acetilholina iz holinergičnih nevronov, ki se nahajajo v notranjih organih, in (3) ima sposobnost blokade adrenergičnih receptorjev.
It is effective in restoring gastrointestinal coordination post operatively and it decreases the total volume, rate and duration of gastric reflux.
Je učinkovit pri ponovni vzpostavitvi postoperativne prebavne izravnave in zmanjša skupen volumen, hitrost in trajanje želodčnega refluksa.
Metaclopramide is a prokinetic drug, which acts more in the proximal gastrointestinal tract.
Metoklopramid je prokinetično zdravilo, ki deluje bolj v proksimalnem prebavnem traktu.
Phenoxy-benzamine
Fenoksi benzamin
Purpose: diarrhoea treatment; colitis.
Namen: zdravljenje diareje; kolitis.
Identification of alternatives: bismuth subsalicylate; flunixin.
Alternative: bizmutov subsalicilat; fluniksin.
Discussion of the specific advantages: has different mode of action (alpha-1 antagonist and antisecretion agent) compared to other authorised treatments and codeine.
Opis posebnih prednosti: ima drugačen način delovanja (alfa-1 antagonist in sredstvo proti izločanju) v primerjavi z drugimi odobrenimi zdravljenji in kodeinom.
Provides useful symptomatic management of diarrhoea and colitis.
Koristno simptomatično uravnava diarejo in kolitis.
Discussion of the specific advantages: propantheline bromide is a synthetic quaternary ammonium anticholinergic which inhibits gastrointestinal motility and spasm and diminishes gastric acid secretion.
Opis posebnih prednosti: propantelin bromid je sintetični kvarterni amonijev antiholinergik, ki zavira gastrointestinalno motiliteto in krče ter zmanjšuje izločanje želodčne kisline.
It also inhibits the action of acetylcholine at the postganglionic nerve endings of the parasympathetic nervous system.
Prav tako zavira delovanje acetilholina v vozliščih postganglijskih končičih parasimpatičnega živčnega sistema.
Propantheline bromide is an important choice for decreasing peristalsis to avoid rectal tearing during rectal palpation or to explore and treat a potential rectal tear where it can be difficult to get a lidocaine enema to work effectively.
Propantelin bromid je primeren za zmanjšanje peristaltike, da se prepreči trganje rektuma med njegovo palpacijo ali razišče in zdravi trganje rektuma, kadar delovanje klistirja z lidokainom ni učinkovito.
Purpose: gastric ulcer prophylaxis in neonates.
Namen: profilaksa čira na želodcu pri novopovrženih živalih.
Identification of alternatives: omeprazole.
Alternative: omeprazol.
Discussion of the specific advantages: different mode of action from omeprazole.
Opis posebnih prednosti: drugačen način delovanja od omeprazola.
Route of administration (intravenous) brings added benefit over all other anti-ulcer medications as these require oral administration.
Način uporabe (intravenozni) je dodatna prednost pred drugimi zdravili za zdravljenje čirov, ki zahtevajo peroralno uporabo.
Intravenous ranitidine preparation essential in foals that have absent gastrointestinal motility, the group that are at high risk for ulcers.
Intravenozni pripravek ranitidina je pomemben pri žrebetih brez gastrointestinalne motilitete, skupini z velikim tveganjem za čire.
Discussion of the specific advantages: different mode of action from omeprazole and valuable adjunctive gastric ulcer prophylaxis.
Opis posebnih prednosti: drugačen način delovanja od omeprazola in dragocena dodatna profilaksa čira na želodcu.
Unique mode of action (mucosal adherent) provides physical lesion stabilisation.
Edinstven način delovanja (mukozno lepilo) zagotavlja stabilizacijo fizične lezije.
Purpose: treatment of rhabdomyolysis.
Namen: zdravljenje rabdomiolize.
Treatment of malignant hyperthermia during anaesthesia.
Zdravljenje maligne hipertermije med anestezijo.
Discussion of the specific advantages: dantrolene exhibits muscle relaxation activity by direct action on muscle as it inhibits the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and thus causes a dissociation of excitation-contraction coupling.
Opis posebnih prednosti: dantrolen omogoča sprostitev mišic z neposrednim delovanjem na mišice, ker zavira sproščanje kalcija iz sarkoplazemskega retikuluma in tako onemogoča krčenje zaradi draženja.
Klebsiella spp. infections
Okužbe s Klebsiella spp.
Purpose: treatment of Klebsiella spp. infections.
Namen: zdravljenje okužb s Klebsiella spp.
Discussion of the specific advantages: specific antibiotic for Klebsiella spp. infections.
Opis posebnih prednosti: posebni antibiotiki za okužbe s Klebsiella spp.
Discussion of the specific advantages: standard treatment in combination with rifampicin, better tolerated in foals than erythromycin.
Opis posebnih prednosti: običajno zdravljenje v kombinaciji z rifampicinom, ki ga žrebeta bolje prenašajo kot eritromicin.
Discussion of the specific advantages: treatment of Rhodococcus equi in combination with erythromycin or azithromycin.
Opis posebnih prednosti: zdravljenje Rhodococcus equi v kombinaciji z eritromicinom in azitromicinom.
Treatment of choice.
Zdravljenje prve izbire.
Discussion of the specific advantages: better tolerated in foals than gentamicin or other aminoglykosides.
Opis posebnih prednosti: žrebeta ga bolje prenašajo kot gentamicin ali druge aminoglikozide.
Respiratory medicines
Zdravila za dihala
Purpose: inhalation corticosteroid for control of allergic pulmonary disease.
Namen: inhalacijski kortikosteroid za obvladovanje alergijskih pljučnih bolezni.
Identification of alternatives: beclomethasone.
Alternative: beklometazon.
Discussion of the specific advantages: inhalation corticosteroid therapy causes less adreno-cortical suppression, with more rapid return to normal function after therapy ends, and fewer systemic side effects than systemic corticosteroid therapy because of limited systemic absorption.
Opis posebnih prednosti: zdravljenje z inhalacijskim kortikosteroidom zaradi omejene sistemske absorpcije povzroči manjšo supresijo nadledvične žleze s hitrejšim povratkom v normalno stanje po koncu terapije in manj sistemskih stranskih učinkov kot sistemsko zdravljenje s kortikosteroidi.
Inhalation allows reduced doses and local delivery of high concentrations of active substance and hence greater efficacy.
Inhaliranje omogoča manjše odmerke in lokalno odmerjanje večjih koncentracij zdravilne snovi, zato je bolj učinkovito.
Especially useful for control of mild-moderate disease and long-term maintenance therapy.
Še zlasti uporabno za obvladovanje zmernih bolezni in dolgoročno vzdrževalno zdravljenje.
Additional substances with greater potency and different durations of effect than beclomethasone are required to titrate the dose based on clinical response and provide optimum disease control.
Pri drugih bolj učinkovitih snoveh z drugačnim trajanjem učinka kot beklometazon je treba titrirati odmerek glede na klinični odziv in zagotoviti optimalni nadzor nad boleznijo.
Budesonide has intermediate potency between beclomethasone and fluticasone.
Jakost budezonida se umešča med beklometazon in flutikazon.
Discussion of the specific advantages: inhalation corticosteroid therapy causes less adreno-cortical suppression with quick rebound after therapy ends and fewer systemic side effects than systemic corticosteroid therapy because of limited systemic absorption.
Opis posebnih prednosti: zdravljenje z inhalacijskim kortikosteroidom zaradi omejene sistemske absorpcije povzroči manjšo supresijo nadledvične žleze s hitrejšim povratkom v normalno stanje po koncu terapije in manj sistemskih stranskih učinkov kot sistemsko zdravljenje s kortikosteroidi.
Inhalation allows local delivery of high concentrations of active substance and hence greater efficacy.
Inhaliranje omogoča lokalno odmerjanje večjih koncentracij zdravilne snovi, zato je bolj učinkovito.
Especially useful for control ofmild-moderate disease and long-term maintenance therapy.
Šezlasti uporabno za obvladovanje zmernih bolezni in dolgoročno vzdrževalno zdravljenje.
Purpose: bronchodilation.
Ipratropijev bromid
Discussion of the specific advantages: anticholinergic action.
Opis posebnih prednosti: antiholinergično delovanje.
Necessary as therapeutic choice as in some cases more efficacious than β-agonists.
Včasih terapija izbora, ker je v nekaterih primerih bolj učinkovit od beta-agonistov.
Discussion of the specific advantages: α-adrenoceptor agonist with strong vasoconstrictive properties which is used in preference to phenylephrine due to the fact that it is longer-acting.
Opis posebnih prednosti: agonist α-adrenoceptorjev z močnimi vazokonstriktivnimi lastnostmi, ki se zaradi daljšega delovanja raje uporablja kot fenilefrin.
Discussion of the specific advantages: disease sometimes refractory to treatment with pyrimethamine, and therefore an alternative is required.
Opis posebnih prednosti: bolezen, ki je včasih odporna na zdravljenje s pirimetaminom, zato je potrebno alternativno zdravljenje.
Purpose: equine protozoal myelitis (Sarcocystis neurona) treatment.
Namen: zdravljenje protozojskega mielitisa pri konjih (Sarcocystis neurona).
Identification of alternatives: isometamidium, pyrimethamine.
Alternative: izometamidij, pirimetamin.
Discussion of the specific advantages: different mode of action compared to other authorised substances, useful as alternative therapy when disease refractory to other treatments.
Opis posebnih prednosti: drugačen način delovanja v primerjavi z drugimi odobrenimi snovmi, koristen kot alternativno zdravljenje, kadar se bolezen ne odziva na druga zdravljenja.
Reduced incidence of side effects (diarrhoea) compared to pyrimethamine/sulphonamide treatments; increased clinical efficacy compared to isometamidium and pyrimethamine.
Zmanjšana pojavnost stranskih učinkov (diareja) v primerjavi z zdravljenjem s pirimetaminom/sulfonamidom; večja klinična učinkovitost v primerjavi z izometamidijem in pirimetaminom.
Discussion of the specific advantages: at least 75 % success rate when used in conjunction with sulfadiazine-sulfonamide.
Opis posebnih prednosti: vsaj 75-odstotna uspešnost, kadar se uporablja v povezavi z sulfadiazinom/sulfonamidom.
Purpose: treatment of ocular ulcers (antiviral medicine).
Namen: zdravljenje razjed oči (protivirusno zdravilo).
Topical use.
Lokalna uporaba.
Discussion of the specific advantages: both acyclovir and idoxuridine have been shown to be equally effective in the treatment of ulcerative herpetic keratitis.
Opis posebnih prednosti: tako za aciklovir kot idoksuridin se je izkazalo, da sta enako učinkovita pri zdravljenju ulcerativnega herpetičnega keratitisa.
Discussion of the specific advantages: both phenylephrine and tropicamide have been shown to be equally effective in the treatment of glaucoma.
Opis posebnih prednosti: tako za fenilefrin kot tropikamid se je izkazalo, da sta enako učinkovita pri zdravljenju zelene mrene.
Purpose: treatment of glaucoma.
Namen: zdravljenje zelene mrene.
Discussion of the specific advantages: its specific mode of action as a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.
Opis posebnih prednosti: poseben način delovanja kot inhibitor karbonske anhidraze.
Important therapeutic choice.
Pomembna terapija izbora.
Discussion of the specific advantages: its specific mode of action as a prostaglandin F2α-analogue.
Opis posebnih prednosti: poseben način delovanja kot analog alfa-F2-prostaglandina.
Identification of alternatives: dorzolamide, latanoprost.
Alternative: dorzolamid, latanoprost.
Discussion of the specific advantages: its specific mode of action as a non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent, causes vasoconstriction, which in turns leads to decrease of the aqueous humour.
Opis posebnih prednosti: njegov poseben način delovanja kot neselektivni blokator beta-adrenergičnih receptorjev, kar povzroča vazokonstrikcijo in posledično zmanjšanje očesne steklovine.
Purpose: immunosuppressive used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases of the eye.
Namen: imunosupresiv, ki se uporablja za zdravljenje avtoimunskih bolezni oči.
Purpose: treatment of eye pain and inflammation, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicine, eye drops, topical use.
Namen: zdravljenje bolečine oči in vnetja, nesteroidno antiinflamatorno zdravilo, kapljice za oči, lokalna uporaba.
Discussion of the specific advantages: widest clinical experience with ketorolac compared to other potential candidates for essential substances.
Opis posebnih prednosti: ketorolak je večkrat klinično preizkušen v primerjavi z drugimi možnimi bistvenimi snovmi.
Discussion of the specific advantages: widest clinical experience with ofloxacin compared to other potential candidates for essential substances.
Opis posebnih prednosti: ofloksacin je večkrat klinično preizkušen v primerjavi z drugimi možnimi bistvenimi snovmi.
Purpose: diagnostic tool for corneal ulceration, topical use.
Namen: diagnostično orodje pri razjedah roženice, topična uporaba.
Discussion of the specific advantages: Rose Bengal has some antiviral activity while fluoresceine has no significant effect on virus replication.
Opis posebnih prednosti: rose bengal ima določeno protivirusno delovanje, medtem ko fluorescin nima nobena bistvenega učinka na virusno razmnoževanje.
Purpose: diagnostic tool for early corneal damage, topical use.
Namen: diagnostično orodje za zgodnjo poškodbo roženice, topična uporaba.
Discussion of the specific advantages: Rose of Bengal is the diagnostic tool of choice to ascertain very early corneal damage.
Opis posebnih prednosti: rose bengal je primerno diagnostično orodje za ugotavljanje poškodbe roženice v zelo zgodnji fazi.
Purpose: treatment of hyperlipaemia, used in combination with glucose therapy, diagnosis of metabolic disorders.
Namen: zdravljenje hiperlipemije v kombinaciji z glukozno terapijo, diagnostika metaboličnih motenj.
Purpose: systemic antifungal use.
Namen: sistematična protiglivična uporaba.
Treatment of ringworm.
Zdravljenje lišajev.
Discussion of the specific advantages: griseofulvin given orally has good activity against trichophyton, microsporum, and epidermophyton.
Opis posebnih prednosti: grizeofulvin, dan oralno, dobro deluje proti glivicam trihofiton, mikrosporum in epidermofiton.
Treatment of fungal pneumonia and guttural pouch mycosis.
Zdravljenje glivične pljučnice in mikoze goltnih žepov konj.
Discussion of the specific advantages: widest clinical experience with ketoconazole compared to other potential candidates for essential substances.
Opis posebnih prednosti: ketokonazol je večkrat klinično preizkušen v primerjavi z drugimi možnimi bistvenimi snovmi.
Discussion of the specific advantages: topical use on the affected eye, wider antifungal activity and/or lesser irritation than other antifungal agents.
Opis posebnih prednosti: topična uporaba na prizadetem očesu, širše protiglivično delovanje in/ali manjše draženje kot druga protiglivična sredstva.
Purpose: treatment of yeast infections for eyes and genital tract.
Namen: zdravljenje očesnih vnetij in vnetij spolovil, ki jih povzročajo kvasovke.
Discussion of the specific advantages: specific activity against yeast infections.
Opis posebnih prednosti: posebno delovanje proti vnetjem, ki jih povzročajo kvasovke.
Diagnostic imaging
Diagnostično slikanje
Radiopharma-ceutical Tc99m
Radiofarmacevtski izdelek Tc99m
Purpose: scintigraphy.
Namen: scintigrafija.
Discussion of the specific advantages: most sensitive diagnostic imaging modality for identification of early bone pathology and fractures — more sensitive than radiography.
Opis posebnih prednosti: najobčutljivejši način diagnostičnega slikanja za identifikacijo zgodnje patologije kosti in zlomov – občutljivejši od radiografije.
Allows quantitation and enables imaging of regions not amenable to radiography.
Omogoča določanje količine in slikanje predelov, za katere radiografija ni primerna.
Essential imaging technique safeguarding welfare of performance horses through early injury detection and prevention of catastrophic fractures.
Pomembna tehnika slikanja, ki varuje dobro počutje tekmovalnih konjev z zgodnjim zaznavanjem poškodb in preprečevanjem večjih zlomov.
Short half life (6,01 hours) of Tc99m results in rapid clearance of detectable radioactivity (< 72 hours) from the horse.
Kratka razpolovna doba (6,01 h) Tc99m pomeni hitro očiščenje zaznavne radioaktivnosti (< 72 h) iz konja.
Purpose: headshaking syndrome.
Namen: sindrom stresanja z glavo.
Discussion of the specific advantages: carbamazepine is acting as anti-convulsant with sodium channel-blocking effects.
Opis posebnih prednosti: karbamazepin deluje kot antikonvulzant z blokiranjem natrijevih kanalčkov.
Used mainly for treatment and diagnostic confirmation of trigeminal neuralgia (headshaking syndrome).
Uporablja se zlasti za zdravljenje in potrjevanje diagnoze nevralgije trigerminalnega živca (sindrom stresanja z glavo).
Discussion of the specific advantages: horses exhibiting signs of photic headshaking respond favourably to treatment with the antihistaminic drug cyproheptadine.
Opis posebnih prednosti: konji, ki kažejo znake stresanja z glavo, povezanega s svetlobo, se dobro odzivajo na zdravljenje z antihistaminikom ciproheptadinom.
In addition to antihistaminic action, cyproheptadine has anticholinergic action and is a 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) antagonist.
Poleg antihistaminičnega delovanja deluje ciproheptadin tudi antiholinergično in je antagonist 5-hidroksitriptamina (serotonina).
Relief from the behaviour is usually seen within 24 hours of beginning cyproheptadine therapy and often resumes within 24 hours of discontinuing therapy.
Obnašanje običajno preneha v 24 urah po začetku zdravljenja s ciproheptadinom in se pogosto nadaljuje 24 ur po prekinitvi zdravljenja.
Other antihistamines are not effective at eliminating headshaking.
Drugi antihistaminiki pri odpravljanju stresanja z glavo niso učinkoviti.
Discussion of the specific advantages: dopamine antagonist and up-regulates prolactin production.
Opis posebnih prednosti: antagonist dopamina, povečuje proizvajanje prolaktina.
Oxytocin is not a suitable alternative because it produces milk letdown as opposed to increasing milk production, which is the aim of domperidone therapy.
Oksitocin ni primerna alternativa, ker stimulira izločanje mleka namesto njegovo proizvodnjo, kar je cilj zdravljenja z domperidonom.
Additionally, oxytocin is likely to cause abdominal pain if used in large doses.
Poleg tega lahko oksitocin v velikih odmerkih povzroči bolečine v trebuhu.
Purpose: neuropathic pain.
Namen: nevropatska bolečina.
Identification of alternatives: buprenorphine, fentanyl, morphine, pethidine.
Alternative: buprenorfin, fentanil, morfin, petidin.
Discussion of the specific advantages: different mode and different site of action to alternative authorized substances.
Opis posebnih prednosti: drugačen način in mesto delovanja od alternativnih odobrenih snovi.
GABA-like substance which blocks calcium channels and inhibits formation of new synapses.
Snov, podobna GABA, ki blokira kalcijeve kanalčke in zavira tvorbo novih sinaps.