natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Applicable to membrane cell plants with brine recirculation, if the brine purge rate is determined by the sulphate concentration.
Uporablja se v napravah z membranskimi celicami z recirkulacijo slanice, če se stopnja izpuščanja slanice določi na podlagi koncentracije sulfata.
Techniques to reduce chlorate emissions
tehnike za zmanjšanje emisij klorata
Techniques to reduce chlorate emissions are described in BAT 14.
Tehnike za zmanjšanje emisij klorata so opisane v BAT 14.
These techniques reduce the brine purge volume.
S temi tehnikami se zmanjša količina izpusta slanice.
Applicable to membrane cell plants with brine recirculation, if the brine purge rate is determined by the chlorate concentration.
Uporablja se v napravah z membranskimi celicami z recirkulacijo slanice, če se stopnja izpuščanja slanice določi na podlagi koncentracije klorata.
BAT 5: In order to use energy efficiently in the electrolysis process, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below.
BAT 5: Najboljša razpoložljiva tehnika za zagotavljanje učinkovite rabe energije pri postopku elektrolize je uporaba kombinacije tehnik, navedenih v nadaljevanju.
High-performance membranes
membrane z visoko učinkovitostjo
High-performance membranes show low voltage drops and high current efficiencies while ensuring mechanical and chemical stability under the given operating conditions.
Membrane z visoko učinkovitostjo kažejo nizke padce napetosti in visok izkoristek toka, hkrati pa pod danimi pogoji delovanja zagotavljajo mehansko in kemično stabilnost.
Applicable to membrane cell plants when renewing membranes at the end of their lifetime.
Uporablja se v napravah z membranskimi celicami, ko se membrane ob koncu svojega življenjskega cikla obnovijo.
Asbestos-free diaphragms
diafragemske celice brez azbesta
Asbestos-free diaphragms consist of a fluorocarbon polymer and fillers such as zirconium dioxide.
Diafragemske celice brez azbesta so sestavljene iz polimera fluorogljika in polnil, kot je cirkonijev dioksid.
These diaphragms show lower resistance overpotentials than asbestos diaphragms.
Te diafragme kažejo manjšo upornostno prenapetost kot azbestne diafragme.
Generally applicable
Se splošno uporablja.
High-performance electrodes and coatings
elektrode in prevleke z visoko ločljivostjo
Electrodes and coatings with improved gas release (low gas bubble overpotential) and low electrode overpotentials.
Elektrode in prevleke z izboljšanim sproščanjem plina (majhna prenapetost zaradi plinskih mehurčkov) in majhna elektrodna prenapetost.
Applicable when renewing coatings at the end of their lifetime.
Uporablja se ob obnovi prevlek ob koncu njihovega življenjskega cikla.
High-purity brine
slanica z visoko stopnjo čistosti
The brine is sufficiently purified to minimise contamination of the electrodes and diaphragms/membranes, which could otherwise increase energy consumption.
Slanico se dovolj dobro očisti, da se onesnaženost elektrod in diafragem/membran kar najbolj zmanjša. Onesnaženost elektrod bi sicer lahko povečala porabo energije.
BAT 6: In order to use energy efficiently, BAT is to maximise the use of the co-produced hydrogen from the electrolysis as a chemical reagent or fuel.
BAT 6: Najboljša razpoložljiva tehnika za zagotavljanje učinkovite rabe energije je čim večja poraba vodika, ki se tvori pri elektrolizi, za kemični reagent ali gorivo.
Hydrogen can be used in chemical reactions (e.g. production of ammonia, hydrogen peroxide, hydrochloric acid, and methanol; reduction of organic compounds; hydrodesulphurisation of petroleum; hydrogenation of oils and greases; chain termination in polyolefin production) or as a fuel in a combustion process to produce steam and/or electricity or to heat a furnace.
Vodik se lahko porabi bodisi pri kemičnih reakcijah (npr. pri proizvodnji amonijaka, vodikovega peroksida, klorovodikove kisline in metanola, redukciji organskih spojin, razžvepljevanju nafte z vodikom, hidrogeniranju olj in maščob ter prekinitvi verige pri proizvodnji poliolefina) bodisi kot gorivo v postopku zgorevanja za proizvodnjo pare in/ali elektrike ali pri ogrevanju peči.
The degree to which hydrogen is used depends on a number of factors (e.g. demand for hydrogen as reagent on the site, demand for steam on the site, distance to potential users).
Stopnja, do katere se vodik porabi, je odvisna od številnih dejavnikov (npr. potrebe po vodiku kot reagentu na kraju samem, potrebe po pari na kraju samem, razdalje do morebitnih uporabnikov).
BAT 7: BAT is to monitor emissions to air and water by using monitoring techniques in accordance with EN standards with at least the minimum frequency given below.
BAT 7: Najboljša razpoložljiva tehnika je tehnika monitoringa emisij v zrak in vodo z uporabo metod, ki so skladne s standardi EN, pri čemer je najmanjša pogostost izvajanja monitoringa navedena v nadaljevanju.
If EN standards are not available, BAT is to use ISO, national or other international standards that ensure the provision of data of an equivalent scientific quality.
Če standardi EN niso na voljo, je najboljša razpoložljiva tehnika uporaba standardov ISO, nacionalnih ali drugih mednarodnih standardov, s katerimi se z znanstvenega vidika zagotovijo enako kakovostni podatki.
Environmental medium
Prvina okolja
Substance(s)
Snov(-i)
Minimum monitoring frequency
Najmanjša pogostost izvajanja monitoringa
Monitoring associated with
Monitoring v povezavi s
Chlorine and chlorine dioxide, expressed as Cl2 [2]
klor in klorov dioksid, izražen kot Cl2 [2]
Outlet of chlorine absorption unit
izpust iz enote za absorpcijo klora
Electrochemical cells
elektrokemične celice
No EN or ISO standard available
brez razpoložljivega standarda EN ali ISO
Continuous
trajno
Absorption in a solution, with subsequent analysis
absorpcija v raztopini z naknadno analizo
Yearly (at least three consecutive hourly measurements)
letno (vsaj tri zaporedne urne meritve)
Chlorate
klorat
Where the emission leaves the installation
kjer emisija zapusti objekt
Ion chromatography
ionska kromatografija
Brine purge
izpust slanice
Ion chromatography or flow analysis
ionska kromatografija ali analiza pretoka
EN ISO 10304–1 or EN ISO 15682
EN ISO 10304-1 ali EN ISO 15682
Free chlorine [2]
prosti klor [2]
Close to the source
blizu vira nastanka
Reduction potential
redukcijski potencial
Free chlorine
prosti klor
EN ISO 7393–1 or –2
EN ISO 7393-1 ali -2
Halogenated organic compound
halogenirana organska spojina
Adsorbable organically-bound halogens (AOX)
adsorbljivi organski halogeni (AOX)
Annex A to EN ISO 9562
Priloga A k EN ISO 9562
Outlet of the mercury treatment unit
izpust iz čistilne naprave za obdelavo živega srebra
Atomic absorption spectrometry or atomic fluorescence spectrometry
atomska absorpcijska spektrometrija ali atomska fluorescenčna spektrometrija
EN ISO 12846 or EN ISO 17852
EN ISO 12846 ali EN ISO 17852
Relevant heavy metals (e.g. nickel, copper)
zadevne težke kovine (npr. nikelj, baker)
Inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry or inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry
optični emisijski spektrometer z induktivno sklopljeno plazmo ali masni spektrometer z induktivno sklopljeno plazmo
EN ISO 11885 or EN ISO 17294-2
EN ISO 11885 ali EN ISO 17294-2
BAT 8: In order to reduce channelled emissions of chlorine and chlorine dioxide to air from the processing of chlorine, BAT is to design, maintain and operate a chlorine absorption unit that incorporates an appropriate combination of the following features:
BAT 8: Najboljša razpoložljiva tehnika za zmanjšanje zajetih emisij klora in klorovega dioksida iz obdelave klora v zrak je načrtovanje, vzdrževanje in obratovanje enote za absorpcijo klora, ki ima ustrezno kombinacijo naslednjih značilnosti:
absorption unit based on packed columns and/or ejectors with an alkaline solution (e.g. sodium hydroxide solution) as scrubbing liquid;
enota za absorpcijo, ki temelji na polnjenih kolonah in/ali ejektorjih z alkalno raztopino (npr. raztopino natrijevega hidroksida) kot pralno tekočino;
hydrogen peroxide dosing equipment or a separate wet scrubber with hydrogen peroxide if necessary to reduce chlorine dioxide concentrations;
dozirna oprema za vodikov peroksida ali po potrebi poseben mokri pralnik z vodikovim peroksidom za zmanjšanje koncentracij klorovega dioksida;
size suitable for the worst case scenario (derived from a risk assessment), in terms of produced chlorine quantity and flowrate (absorption of the full cell room production for a sufficient duration until the plant is shut down);
velikost, primerna za najslabši možen scenarij (ki izhaja iz ocene tveganja) v smislu proizvedene količine klora in pretoka (absorpcija celotne količine proizvodnje pri obratovanju vseh celic v napravi poteka tako dolgo, dokler se proizvodnja ne ustavi);
size of the scrubbing liquid supply and storage capacity suitable to ensure an excess at all times;
dimenzioniranje dobave in skladiščenje pralne tekočine na način, da je vedno zagotovljen presežek te tekočine;
in the case of packed columns, their size should be suitable to prevent flooding at all times;
polnjene kolone morajo biti primerne velikosti, da se stalno preprečujejo preobremenitve;
prevention of ingress of liquid chlorine into the absorption unit;
preprečevanje vdora tekočega klora v enoto za absorpcijo;
prevention of backflow of scrubbing liquid into the chlorine system;
preprečevanje povratnega toka pralne tekočine v sistem klora;
prevention of solids precipitation in the absorption unit;
preprečevanje obarjanja trdnih snovi v enoti za absorpcijo;
use of heat exchangers to limit the temperature in the absorption unit below 55 °C at all times;
uporaba izmenjevalcev toplote, da je temperatura v enoti za absorpcijo vedno omejena pod 55 °C;
supply of dilution air after chlorine absorption to prevent the formation of explosive gas mixtures;
dovajanje zraka za redčenje po absorpciji klora, da se prepreči nastajanje eksplozivnih mešanic plinov;
use of construction materials which withstand the extremely corrosive conditions at all times;
uporaba konstrukcijskih materialov, ki so stalno odporni na izjemno korozivne pogoje;
use of backup equipment, such as an additional scrubber in series with the one in operation, an emergency tank with scrubbing liquid feeding the scrubber by gravity, stand-by and spare fans, stand-by and spare pumps;
uporaba varovalne opreme, kot so dodaten pralnik, ki je zaporedno vezan z osnovnim pralnikom, zasilni rezervoar s pralno tekočino, ki se dovaja v pralnik s prostim padom, črpalke in ventilatorji, ki so v pripravljenosti, rezervne črpalke in ventilatorji;
provision of an independent backup system for critical electrical equipment;
zagotavljanje neodvisnega varovalnega sistema za nujno električno opremo;
provision of an automatic switch to the backup system in case of emergencies, including periodic tests on this system and the switch;
zagotavljanje samodejnega preklopa na varovalni sistem v nujnih primerih, vključno z rednimi pregledi tega sistema in preklopa;
provision of a monitoring and alarm system for the following parameters:
zagotavljanje monitoringa in alarmnega sistema za naslednje parametre:
chlorine in the outlet of the absorption unit and the surrounding area;
klor na izpustu iz naprave za absorpcijo in v okolici;
temperature of the scrubbing liquids;
temperaturo pralnih tekočin;
reduction potential and alkalinity of the scrubbing liquids;
redukcijski potencial in alkalnost pralnih tekočin;
suction pressure;
sesalni tlak;
flowrate of scrubbing liquids.
pretok pralnih tekočin.
The BAT-associated emission level for chlorine and chlorine dioxide, measured together and expressed as Cl2, is 0,2 – 1,0 mg/m3, as an average value of at least three consecutive hourly measurements performed at least once every year at the outlet of the chlorine absorption unit.
Raven emisij, povezana z najboljšo razpoložljivo tehniko, za vsoto klora in klorovega dioksida, izmerjenega in izraženega kot Cl2, je 0,2–1,0 mg/m3, kot povprečna vrednost vsaj treh zaporednih urnih meritev, opravljenih vsaj enkrat letno na izpustu iz enote za absorpcijo klora.
BAT 9: The use of carbon tetrachloride for the elimination of nitrogen trichloride or the recovery of chlorine from tail gas is not BAT.
BAT 9: Uporaba ogljikovega tetraklorida za odstranitev dušikovega triklorida ali za ponovno pridobivanje klora iz odpadnega plina ni najboljša razpoložljiva tehnika.
BAT 10: The use of refrigerants with a high global warming potential, and in any case higher than 150 (e.g. many hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)), in new chlorine liquefaction units cannot be considered BAT.
BAT 10: Uporaba hladiv z velikim potencialom za globalno segrevanje ozračja, ki je v vsakem primeru večji od 150 (npr. številni fluorirani ogljikovodiki (HFC-ji)), v novih enotah za utekočinjanje klora se ne more obravnavati kot najboljša razpoložljiva tehnologija.
Suitable refrigerants include, for example:
Med ustrezna hladiva spadajo na primer:
a combination of carbon dioxide and ammonia in two cooling circuits;
mešanica ogljikovega dioksida in amonijaka v dveh hladilnih krogotokih,
The refrigerant selection should take into account operational safety and energy efficiency.
Pri izboru hladiv je treba upoštevati varnost obratovanja in energijsko učinkovitost.
BAT 11: In order to reduce emissions of pollutants to water, BAT is to use an appropriate combination of the techniques given below.
BAT 11: Najboljša razpoložljiva tehnika za zmanjševanje emisije onesnaževal v vodo je uporaba ustrezne kombinacije tehnik, navedenih v nadaljevanju.
Process-integrated techniques [3]
v proces vključene tehnike [3]
Techniques that prevent or reduce the generation of pollutants
tehnike za preprečevanje ali zmanjševanje nastajanja onesnaževal
Waste water treatment at source [3]
obdelava odpadne vode pri viru [3]
Techniques to abate or recover pollutants prior to their discharge to the waste water collection system
tehnike za zmanjšanje ali zajemanje onesnaževal pred njihovim izpustom v sistem za zbiranje odpadne vode
Waste water pre-treatment [4]
predobdelava odpadne vode [4]
Techniques to abate pollutants before the final waste water treatment
tehnike za zmanjšanje onesnaževal pred končno obdelavo odpadne vode
Final waste water treatment [4]
končna obdelava odpadne vode [4]
Final waste water treatment by mechanical, physico-chemical and/or biological techniques before discharge to a receiving water body
končna obdelava odpadne vode z mehanskimi, fizikalno-kemičnimi in/ali biološkimi tehnikami pred izpustom v sprejemno vodno telo
BAT 12: In order to reduce emissions of chloride to water from the chlor-alkali plant, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given in BAT 4.
BAT 12: Najboljša razpoložljiva tehnika za zmanjšanje emisij klorida iz klor-alkalne proizvodnje v vodo je uporaba kombinacije tehnik, navedenih v BAT 4.
BAT 13: In order to reduce emissions of free chlorine to water from the chlor-alkali plant, BAT is to treat waste water streams containing free chlorine as close as possible to the source, to prevent stripping of chlorine and/or the formation of halogenated organic compounds, by using one or a combination of the techniques given below.
BAT 13: Najboljša razpoložljiva tehnika za zmanjšanje emisij prostega klora iz klor-alkalne proizvodnje v vodo je obdelava tokov odpadnih voda, ki vsebujejo prosti klor, čim bližje viru nastanka, da se prepreči odvzemanje klora in/ali nastajanje halogeniranih organskih spojin, z uporabo ene ali kombinacije več tehnik, navedenih v nadaljevanju.
Chemical reduction
kemična redukcija
The free chlorine is destroyed by reaction with reducing agents, such as sulphite and hydrogen peroxide, in stirred tanks.
Reakcija z reducenti, kot sta sulfit in vodikov peroksid, uniči prosti klor v mešalnih cisternah.
Catalytic decomposition
katalitična razgradnja
The free chlorine is decomposed to chloride and oxygen in catalytic fixed-bed reactors.
Prosti klor se v katalitskih reaktorjih z mirujočo plastjo razgradi na klorid in kisik.
The catalyst can be a nickel oxide promoted with iron on an alumina support.
Katalizator je lahko nikljev oksid, pospeševalec pa železo na aluminijevi podlagi.
Thermal decomposition
termična razgradnja
The free chlorine is converted to chloride and chlorate by thermal decomposition at approximately 70 °C.
Prosti klor se pretvori v klorid in klorat s termično razgradnjo pri približno 70 °C.
The resulting effluent requires further treatment to reduce emissions of chlorate and bromate (BAT 14).
Odpadno vodo, ki pri tem nastane, je treba nadalje obdelati, da se zmanjšajo emisije klorata in bromata (BAT 14).
Acidic decomposition
kislinska razgradnja
The free chlorine is decomposed by acidification, with a subsequent release and recovery of chlorine.
Prosti klor se razgradi z zakisljevanjem, z naknadnim sproščanjem in z zajemanjem klora.
Acidic decomposition can be carried out in a separate reactor or by recycling of the waste water to the brine system.
Kislinska razgradnja se lahko izvede v posebnem reaktorju ali z recikliranjem odpadne vode v sistemu slanice.
The degree of recycling of waste water to the brine circuit is restricted by the water balance of the plant.
Vodna bilanca v obratu omejuje stopnjo recikliranja odpadne vode v krogotoku slanice.
Waste water recycling
recikliranje odpadne vode
Waste water streams from the chlor-alkali plant that contain free chlorine are recycled to other production units.
Tokovi odpadne vode iz klor-alkalne proizvodnje, ki vsebujejo prosti klor, se reciklirajo v drugih proizvodnih enotah.
The BAT-associated emission level for free chlorine, expressed as Cl2, is 0,05 – 0,2 mg/l in spot samples taken at least once every month at the point where the emission leaves the installation.
Raven emisij, povezana z najboljšo razpoložljivo tehniko, za prosti klor, izražen kot Cl2, je 0,05–0,2 mg/l v naključnih vzorcih, ki se odvzemajo vsaj enkrat mesečno na iztoku iz naprave.
BAT 14: In order to reduce emissions of chlorate to water from the chlor-alkali plant, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
BAT 14: Najboljša razpoložljiva tehnika za zmanjšanje emisij klorata iz klor-alkalne proizvodnje v vodo je uporaba ene ali kombinacije več tehnik, navedenih v nadaljevanju.
Membranes showing high current efficiencies, that reduce chlorate formation while ensuring mechanical and chemical stability under the given operating conditions.
Membrane kažejo visok izkoristek toka, ki zmanjšuje tvorbo klorata, hkrati pa pod danimi pogoji delovanja zagotavlja mehansko in kemično stabilnost.
High-performance coatings
prevleke z visoko ločljivostjo
Coatings with low electrode overpotentials leading to reduced chlorate formation and increased oxygen formation at the anode.
Prevleke z majhno elektrodno prenapetostjo, zaradi česar v anodi nastaja manj klorata in več kisika.
The applicability may be restricted by the quality requirements of the produced chlorine (oxygen concentration).
Zaradi zahtev glede kakovosti proizvedenega klora (koncentracija kisika) se uporaba lahko omeji.
The brine is sufficiently purified to minimise contamination of electrodes and diaphragms/membranes, which could otherwise increase the formation of chlorate.
Slanica se dovolj dobro očisti, da se onesnaženost elektrod in diafragem/membran kar najbolj zmanjša. Onesnaženost elektrod bi sicer lahko povečala tvorbo klorata.
Brine acidification
zakisljevanje slanice
The brine is acidified prior to electrolysis, in order to reduce the formation of chlorate.
Slanica se zakisli pred elektrolizo, da se zmanjša tvorba klorata.
The degree of acidification is limited by the resistivity of the equipment used (e.g. membranes and anodes).
Stopnja zakisljevanja je omejena z upornostjo uporabljene opreme (npr. membrane in anode).
Acidic reduction
redukcija v kislem mediju
Chlorate is reduced with hydrochloric acid at pH values of 0 and at temperatures higher than 85 °C.
Klorat je reduciran s klorovodikovo kislino pri pH vrednosti 0 in temperaturah, višjih od 85 °C.
Not applicable to once-through brine plants.
Se ne uporablja v nepovratni slanici (brez vračanja).
Catalytic reduction
katalitična redukcija
In a pressurised trickle-bed reactor, chlorate is reduced to chloride by using hydrogen and a rhodium catalyst in a three-phase reaction.
Klorat je v kapalnem reaktorju pod tlakom reduciran do klorida z uporabo vodika rodijevega katalizatorja v trifazni reakciji.
Use of waste water streams containing chlorate in other production units
uporaba tokov odpadnih voda, ki vsebujejo klorat, v drugih proizvodnih enotah
The waste water streams from the chlor-alkali plant are recycled to other production units, most typically to the brine system of a sodium chlorate production unit.
Iztoki odpadnih voda iz klor-alkalne proizvodnje se ponovno uporabijo v drugih proizvodnih enotah, najbolj običajno v sistemu slanice v proizvodnji natrijevega klorata.
Restricted to sites that can make use of waste water streams of this quality in other production units.
Omejeno na lokacije, pri katerih se lahko uporabijo iztoki odpadne vode take kakovosti v drugih proizvodnih enotah.
BAT 15: In order to reduce emissions of halogenated organic compounds to water from the chlor-alkali plant, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below.
BAT 15: Najboljša razpoložljiva tehnika za zmanjšanje emisij halogeniranih organskih spojin iz klor-alkalne proizvodnje v vodo je uporaba kombinacije tehnik, navedenih v nadaljevanju.
Selection and control of salt and ancillary materials
izbira in nadzor soli in pomožnih materialov
Salt and ancillary materials are selected and controlled to reduce the level of organic contaminants in the brine.
Soli in pomožni materiali se izberejo in nadzirajo za zmanjšanje ravni organskih onesnaževal v slanici.
Water purification
čiščenje vode
Techniques such as membrane filtration, ion exchange, UV irradiation and adsorption on activated carbon can be used to purify process water, thereby reducing the level of organic contaminants in the brine.
Za čiščenje tehnološke vode se lahko uporabljajo tehnike, kot so membranska filtracija, ionska izmenjava, UV-obsevanje in adsorpcija na aktivno oglje, s čimer se zmanjša raven organskih onesnaževal v slanici.
Selection and control of equipment
izbira in nadzor opreme
Equipment, such as cells, tubes, valves and pumps, is carefully selected to reduce the potential leaching of organic contaminants into the brine.
Za zmanjšanje morebitnega izpiranja organskih onesnaževal v slanico se pazljivo izbere oprema, kot so kivete, epruvete, ventili in črpalke.
BAT 16: In order to reduce the quantity of spent sulphuric acid sent for disposal, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
BAT 16: Najboljša razpoložljiva tehnika za zmanjšanje količine izrabljene žveplove kisline, namenjene za odstranitev, je uporaba ene ali kombinacije več tehnik, navedenih v nadaljevanju.
The neutralisation of spent sulphuric acid from chlorine drying with virgin reagents is not BAT.
Nevtralizacija izrabljene žveplove kisline iz sušenja klora s svežimi reagenti ni BAT.
Use on site or off site
uporaba na kraju samem ali zunaj njega
The spent acid is used for other purposes, such as to control the pH in process and waste water, or to destroy surplus hypochlorite.
Izrabljena kislina se porabi za druge namene, na primer za uravnavanje pH tehnološke in odpadne vode ali za uničenje presežnega hipoklorita.
Applicable to sites with an on-site or off-site demand for spent acid of this quality.
Uporablja se na lokacijah, na katerih obstaja potreba po izrabljeni kislini take kakovosti na kraju samem ali zunaj njega.
Reconcentration
ponovno koncentriranje
The spent acid is reconcentrated on site or off site in closed-loop evaporators under vacuum by indirect heating or by strengthening using sulphur trioxide.
Izrabljena kislina se ponovno koncentrira na kraju samem ali zunaj njega v uparjalnikih z zaprtim tokokrogom v vakuumu s posrednim segrevanjem ali ojačenjem z uporabo žveplovega trioksida.
Off-site reconcentration is restricted to sites where a service provider is located nearby.
Ponovno koncentriranje zunaj kraja samega je omejeno na kraje, na katerih se v bližini nahaja ponudnik storitev.