natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
rear crushing test (dynamic or static test) (see 3.2.1.1.4 and 3.2.2.1.4);
tlačni preskus zadaj (dinamični ali statični preskus) (glej točki 3.2.1.1.4 in 3.2.2.1.4);
impact (dynamic test) or loading (static test) at the front of the structure (see 3.2.1.1.2 and 3.2.2.1.2);
udar (dinamični preskus) ali obremenitev (statični preskus) na sprednji del zaščitne konstrukcije (glej točki 3.2.1.1.2 in 3.2.2.1.2);
impact (dynamic test) or loading (static test) at the side of the structure (see 3.2.1.1.3 and 3.2.2.1.3);
udar (dinamični preskus) ali obremenitev (statični preskus) s strani na zaščitno konstrukcijo (glej točki 3.2.1.1.3 in 3.2.2.1.3);
crushing at the front of the structure (dynamic or static test) (see 3.2.1.1.5 and 3.2.2.1.5).
tlačni preskus zaščitne konstrukcije spredaj (dinamični ali statični preskus) (glej točki 3.2.1.1.5 in 3.2.2.1.5).
If, during the test, any part of the tractor restraining equipment breaks or moves, the test shall be restarted.
Če se med preskusom kateri koli del opreme za pritrjevanje traktorja zlomi ali premakne, se preskus ponovi.
No repairs or adjustments of the tractor or protective structure may be carried out during the tests.
Med preskusi na traktorju ali zaščitni konstrukciji niso dovoljena nobena popravila ali nastavitve.
The tractor gear box shall be in neutral and the brakes off during the tests.
Menjalnik traktorja je med preskusi v praznem teku, zavore pa so sproščene.
If the tractor is fitted with a suspension system between the tractor body and the wheels, it shall be blocked during the tests.
Če je traktor opremljen s sistemom vzmetenja med ohišjem traktorja in kolesi, se ta med preskusom blokira.
The side chosen for application of the first impact (dynamic test) or the first load (static test) on the rear of the structure shall be that which, in the opinion of the testing authorities, will result in the application of the series of impacts or loads under the most unfavourable conditions for the structure.
Stran, na katero deluje prvi udar na zaščitno konstrukcijo od zadaj (dinamični preskus) ali prva obremenitev od zadaj (statični preskus), je tista, za katero preskuševalni organi menijo, da za zaščitno konstrukcijo pomeni najbolj neugodne okoliščine pri preskušanju z udari in obremenitvami.
The lateral impact or load and the rear impact or load shall be applied on both sides of the longitudinal median plane of the protective structure.
Bočni udari ali obremenitve in udari ali obremenitve od zadaj se izvedejo na obeh straneh vzdolžne sredinske ravnine zaščitne konstrukcije.
The front impact or load shall be applied on the same side of the longitudinal median plane of the protective structure as the lateral impact or load.
Udari ali obremenitve od spredaj se izvedejo na isti strani vzdolžne sredinske ravnine zaščitne konstrukcije kot bočni udari ali obremenitve.
Acceptance conditions
Pogoji sprejemljivosti
A protective structure is regarded as having satisfied the strength requirements if it fulfils the following conditions:
Šteje se, da zaščitna konstrukcija izpolnjuje zahteve glede trdnosti, če izpolnjuje naslednje pogoje:
after each test in the dynamic test procedure, it shall be free from tears or cracks, as defined in 3.2.1.2.1.
po vsakem preskusu v postopku dinamičnega preskusa na njej ni nobenih lomov ali razpok, kot je opredeljeno v točki 3.2.1.2.1.
If during the dynamic test, significant tears or cracks appear, an additional impact test or crushing test as defined in 3.2.1.1.6 or 3.2.1.1.7 must be performed immediately after the test which caused these tears or cracks to appear;
Če se med dinamičnim preskusom pojavijo večji lomi ali razpoke, se takoj po preskusu, med katerim so nastali ti lomi ali razpoke, opravi dodaten udarni ali tlačni preskus, kot je opredeljeno v točkah 3.2.1.1.6 ali 3.2.1.1.7;
during static test, at the point when the energy required is attained in each horizontal load test prescribed or in the overload test the force must be greater than 0,8 F;
med statičnim preskusom mora biti na točki, ko se doseže zahtevana energija, pri vsakem predpisanem preskusu vodoravne obremenitve ali preobremenitvenem preskusu sila večja od 0,8 F;
if during a static test, cracks or tears appear as a result of the application of the crushing force, an additional crushing test as defined in 3.2.2.1.7 must be performed immediately after the crushing test which caused these cracks or tears to appear;
če med statičnim preskusom zaradi delovanja tlačne sile nastanejo lomi ali razpoke, je treba takoj po tlačnem preskusu, med katerim so nastali ti lomi ali razpoke, opraviti dodaten tlačni preskus, kot je opredeljeno v točki 3.2.2.1.7;
during the tests other than the overload test, no part of the protective structure must enter the clearance zone as defined in 1.6 of Annex I;
med preskusi, ki niso preobremenitveni preskusi, ne sme noben del zaščitne konstrukcije prodreti v varni prostor, kot je opredeljen v točki 1.6 Priloge I;
during the tests other than the overload test, all parts of the clearance zone shall be secured by the structure, in accordance with 3.2.1.2.2 and 3.2.2.2.2;
med preskusi, ki niso preobremenitveni preskusi, zaščitna konstrukcija ščiti vse dele varnega prostora v skladu s točkama 3.2.1.2.2 in 3.2.2.2.2;
during the tests the protective structure must not impose any constraints on the seat structure;
med preskusi zaščitna konstrukcija ne sme nikakor pritiskati na konstrukcijo sedeža;
the elastic deflection, measured in accordance with 3.2.1.2.3 and 3.2.2.2.3 shall be less than 250 mm.
elastična deformacija, izmerjena v skladu s točkama 3.2.1.2.3 in 3.2.2.2.3, je manjša od 250 mm.
There shall be no accessories presenting a hazard for the driver.
Prepovedana je dodatna oprema, ki ogroža voznikovo varnost.
There shall be no projecting part or accessory which is liable to injure the driver should the tractor overturn, or any accessory or part which is liable to trap him – for example by the leg or the foot – as a result of the deflections of the structure.
Prepovedani so vsi štrleči deli ali oprema, ki bi pri prevrnitvi traktorja lahko poškodovali voznika, ali kakršna koli oprema ali deli, ki bi ga lahko zaradi deformacije zaščitne konstrukcije vklenili, na primer za nogo ali stopalo.
Apparatus and equipment for dynamic tests
Naprave in oprema za dinamične preskuse
Pendulum block
Nihalno udarno telo
A block acting as a pendulum must be suspended by two chains or wire ropes from pivot points not less than 6 m above the ground.
Udarno telo, ki deluje kot nihalo, mora biti z verigama ali žičnima vrvema obešeno na tečajih vsaj šest metrov nad tlemi.
Means must be provided for adjusting independently the suspended height of the block and the angle between the block and the supporting chains or wire ropes.
Na voljo morajo biti sredstva za ločeno prilagajanje višine obešenega udarnega telesa ter kota med udarnim telesom in nosilnimi verigami ali žičnimi vrvmi.
The mass of the pendulum block must be 2000 ± 20 kg excluding the mass of the chains or wire ropes which themselves must not exceed 100 kg.
Masa nihalnega udarnega telesa mora biti 2000 ± 20 kg brez mase verig ali žičnih vrvi, katerih masa ne sme presegati 100 kg.
The length of the sides of the impact face must be 680 ± 20 mm (see Figure 7.3).
Dolžina stranic udarne ploskve mora biti 680 ± 20 mm (glej sliko 7.3).
The block must be filled in such a way that the position of its centre of gravity is constant and coincides with the geometrical centre of the parallelepiped.
Udarno telo mora biti napolnjeno tako, da je položaj njegovega težišča nespremenljiv in se ujema z geometrijskim središčem paralelepipeda.
The parallelepiped must be connected to the system which pulls it backwards by an instantaneous release mechanism which is so designed and located as to enable the pendulum block to be released without causing the parallelepiped to oscillate about its horizontal axis perpendicular to the pendulum’s plane of oscillation.
Paralelepiped mora biti priključen na sistem, ki ga potegne nazaj z mehanizmom za hitro odpenjanje, konstruiranima in nameščenim tako, da omogoča odpenjanje nihalnega udarnega telesa, ne da bi paralelepiped zanihal okrog svoje vodoravne osi, ki je pravokotna na nihalno ravnino nihala.
Pendulum supports
Pritrditev nihala
The pendulum pivot points must be rigidly fixed so that their displacement in any direction does not exceed 1 per cent of the height of fall.
Zgibi nihala morajo biti trdno pritrjeni, tako da njihov premik v kateri koli smeri ne presega 1 % višine pada.
Lashings
Pritrdilne vrvi
Anchoring rails with the requisite track width and covering the necessary area for lashing the tractor in all the cases illustrated (see Figures 7.4, 7.5 and 7.6) must be rigidly attached to a non-yielding base beneath the pendulum.
Tirnice za pritrditev, ki imajo predpisan razmik in zajemajo ustrezno območje za pritrditev traktorja v vseh prikazanih primerih (glej slike 7.4, 7.5 in 7.6), morajo biti trdno pritrjene na togo podlago pod nihalom.
The tractor shall be lashed to the rails by means of wire rope with round strand, fibre core, construction 6 × 19 in accordance with ISO 2408:2004 and a nominal diameter of 13 mm. The metal strands must have an ultimate tensile strength of 1770 MPa.
Traktor se pritrdi na tire z žično vrvjo okroglega spleta z vlaknenim jedrom zgradbe 6 × 19 po standardu ISO 2408:2004 in nazivnim premerom 13 mm. Skrajna natezna trdnost kovinskih žic mora dosegati 1770 MPa.
The central pivot of an articulated tractor shall be supported and lashed down as appropriate for all tests.
Pri traktorjih z zgibnim krmiljenjem se centralni zgib traktorja pri vseh preskusih podpre in ustrezno pritrdi.
For the lateral impact test, the pivot shall also be propped from the side opposite the impact.
Pri udarnih preskusih s strani se zgib podpre tudi iz nasprotne smeri, iz katere deluje udar.
The front and rear wheels need not be in line if this facilitates the attachment of the wire ropes in the appropriate manner.
Ni nujno, da so sprednja in zadnja kolesa poravnana, če to olajša ustrezno pritrditev žičnih vrvi.
Wheel prop and beam
Podpora kolesa in tram
A softwood beam of 150 mm square shall be used as a prop for the wheels during the impact tests (see Figures 7.4, 7.5 and 7.6).
Za podporo koles med udarnimi preskusi se uporabi tram iz mehkega lesa v velikosti 150 × 150 mm (glej slike 7.4, 7.5 in 7.6).
During the lateral impact tests, a softwood beam shall be clamped to the floor to brace the rim of the wheel opposite the side of impact (see Figure 7.6).
Med udarnimi preskusi s strani se tram iz mehkega lesa pritrdi na tla, da se opre ob kolesni obroč na strani, ki je nasprotna strani delovanja udara (glej sliko 7.6).
Props and lashings for articulated tractors
Podporni drogovi in pritrdilne vrvi za zgibno krmiljene traktorje
Additional props and lashings must be used for articulated tractors.
Za zgibno krmiljene traktorje se uporabijo dodatni podporni drogovi in pritrdilne vrvi.
Their purpose is to ensure that the section of the tractor on which the protective structure is fitted is as rigid as that of a non-articulated tractor.
Njihov namen je zagotovitev, da je del traktorja, na katerega je pritrjena zaščitna konstrukcija, enako nepremičen kot pri togi izvedbi traktorja.
Additional specific details are given in section 3.2.1.1 for the impact and crushing tests.
Dodatne posebne podrobnosti za udarne in tlačne preskuse so navedene v točki 3.2.1.1.
Tyre pressures and deflections
Tlak v pnevmatikah in deformacija pnevmatik
The tractor tyres shall not be liquid-ballasted and shall be inflated to the pressures prescribed by the tractor manufacturer for field work.
Traktorske pnevmatike ne smejo polnjene z balastno tekočino, tlak v njih pa mora ustrezati vrednostim, ki jih proizvajalec traktorjev določi za delo na polju.
The lashings shall be tensioned in each particular case such that the tyres undergo a deflection equal to 12 per cent of the tyre wall height (distance between the ground and the lowest point of the rim) before tensioning.
Pritrdilne vrvi se v vsakem posameznem primeru toliko zategnejo, da pnevmatike dosežejo deformacijo, ki je enaka 12 % višine bočne stene pnevmatike (razdalja med tlemi in najnižjo točko na kolesnem obroču) pred zatezanjem.
Crushing rig
Naprava za tlačni preskus
A rig as shown in Figure 7.7 shall be capable of exerting a downward force on a protective structure through a rigid beam approximately 250 mm wide connected to the load-applying mechanism by means of universal joints.
Naprava, ki je prikazana na sliki 7.7, je sposobna ustvarjati silo, ki deluje navzdol na zaščitno konstrukcijo prek togega jarma, ki je širok približno 250 mm in je povezan z mehanizmom za ustvarjanje obremenitve prek kardanskih zgibov.
Suitable axle stands shall be provided so that the tractor tyres do not bear the crushing force.
Pod osi traktorja se namestijo primerna stojala, da se tlačna sila ne prenaša na pnevmatike traktorja.
Measuring apparatus
Merilne naprave
The following measuring apparatus is needed:
Potrebne so naslednje merilne naprave:
device for measuring the elastic deflection (the difference between the maximum momentary deflection and the permanent deflection, see Figure 7.8).
naprava za merjenje elastične deformacije (razlika med največjo trenutno in trajno deformacijo, glej sliko 7.8);
device for checking that the protective structure has not entered the clearance zone and that the latter has remained within the structure’s protective during the test (see section 3.2.2.2.2).
naprava za preverjanje, ali zaščitna konstrukcija ni prodrla v varni prostor in ali je ta med preskusom ostal znotraj zaščite konstrukcije (glej točko 3.2.2.2.2).
Apparatus and equipment for static tests
Naprave in oprema za statične preskuse
Static testing rig
Naprava za statične preskuse
The static testing rig must be designed in such a way as to permit thrusts or loads to be applied to the protective structure.
Naprava za statične preskuse mora biti oblikovana tako, da omogoča izvajanje pritiskov ali obremenitev na zaščitno konstrukcijo.
Provision must be made so that the load can be uniformly distributed normal to the direction of loading and along a flange having a length of one of the exact multiples of 50 between 250 and 700 mm. The stiff beam shall have a vertical face dimension of 150 mm. The edges of the beam in contact with the protective structure shall be curved with a maximum radius of 50 mm.
Zagotoviti je treba, da se lahko obremenitev enakomerno porazdeli, in sicer pravokotno na smer delovanja obremenitve in vzdolž pritisne ploskve, katere dolžina je eden od točnih mnogokratnikov števila 50 med 250 in 700 mm. Navpična čelna ploskev je 150 mm. Robovi, ki se dotikajo zaščitne konstrukcije, so zaobljeni s polmerom največ 50 mm.
The pad shall be capable of being adjusted to any angle in relation to the load direction, in order to be able to follow the angular variations of the structure’s load-bearing surface as the structure deflects.
Pritisno ploskev mora biti mogoče prilagoditi vsakemu kotu glede na smer obremenitve, da bi lahko sledila spremembam kotov obremenjene površine zaščitne konstrukcije, ko se ta deformira.
Direction of the force (deviation from horizontal and vertical):
Smer obremenitve (navpično in vodoravno odstopanje):
at start of test, under zero load: ± 2°,
na začetku preskusa pri ničelni obremenitvi: ± 2°,
during test, under load: 10° above and 20° below the horizontal.
med preskusom pod obremenitvijo: 10° nad vodoravno črto in 20° pod njo.
These variations must be kept to a minimum.
Ta odstopanja morajo biti čim manjša.
The deflection rate shall be sufficiently slow, less than 5 mm/s so that the load may at all moments be considered as static.
Hitrost deformacije mora biti dovolj majhna, tj. manj kot 5 mm/s, da se lahko obremenitev ves čas obravnava kot statična.
Apparatus for measuring the energy absorbed by the structure
Naprava za merjenje energije, ki jo absorbira zaščitna konstrukcija
The force versus deflection curve shall be plotted in order to determine the energy absorbed by the structure.
Za določitev energije, ki jo absorbira zaščitna konstrukcija, se zapiše krivulja sila/deformacija.
There is no need to measure the force and deflection at the point where the load is applied to the structure; however, force and deflection shall be measured simultaneously and co-linearly.
Sile in deformacije ni treba meriti na točki, na kateri obremenitev deluje na zaščitno konstrukcijo, vendar ju je treba meriti sočasno in v isti ravnini.
The point of origin of deflection measurements shall be selected so as to take account only of the energy absorbed by the structure and/or by the deflection of certain parts of the tractor.
Točka, od katere se meri deformacija, se izbere tako, da se upošteva samo energija, ki jo absorbira zaščitna konstrukcija in/ali deformacija nekaterih delov traktorja.
The energy absorbed by the deflection and/or the slipping of the anchoring must be ignored.
Energijo, ki se absorbira pri deformaciji in/ali popuščanju pritrditve traktorja, je treba zanemariti.
Means of anchoring the tractor to the ground
Način pritrditve traktorja na podlago
Anchoring rails with the requisite track width and covering the necessary area for anchoring the tractor in all the cases illustrated must be rigidly attached to a non-yielding base near the testing rig.
Tirnice za pritrditev, ki imajo predpisan razmik in zajemajo ustrezno območje za pritrditev traktorja v vseh prikazanih primerih, morajo biti trdno pritrjene na togo podlago blizu preskusne naprave.
The tractor must be anchored to the rails by any suitable means (plates, wedges, wire ropes, jacks, etc.) so that it cannot move during the tests.
Traktor mora biti na tirnice pritrjen s kakršnimi koli ustreznimi sredstvi (plošče, zagozde, žične vrvi, opore itd.), da se med preskusi ne more premikati.
This requirement shall be checked during the test, by means of the usual devices for measuring length.
Ta zahteva se med preskusom preveri z običajnimi napravami za merjenje dolžine.
If the tractor moves, the entire test shall be repeated, unless the system for measuring the deflections taken into account for plotting the force versus deflection curve is connected to the tractor.
Če se traktor premakne, se ponovi celoten preskus, razen če je sistem za merjenje deformacij, ki se upošteva pri zapisu krivulje sila/deformacija, povezan s traktorjem.
A rig as shown in Figure 7.7 shall be capable of exerting a downward force on a protective structure through a rigid beam approximately 250 mm wide, connected to the load-applying mechanism by means of universal joints.
Naprava, ki je prikazana na sliki 7.7, je sposobna ustvarjati silo, ki deluje navzdol na zaščitno konstrukcijo prek togega jarma, ki je širok približno 250 mm in je povezan z mehanizmom za ustvarjanje obremenitve prek kardanskih zgibov.
Suitable axle stands must be provided so that the tractor tyres do not bear the crushing force.
Pod osi traktorja je treba namestiti primerna stojala, da se tlačna sila ne prenaša na pnevmatike traktorja.
Other measuring apparatus
Druge merilne naprave
The following measure devices are also needed:
Potrebne so tudi naslednje merilne naprave:
device for checking that the protective structure has not entered the clearance zone and that the latter has remained within the structure’s protective during the test (section 3.3.2.2.2).
naprava za preverjanje, ali zaščitna konstrukcija ni prodrla v varni prostor in ali je ta med preskusom ostal znotraj zaščite konstrukcije (točka 3.3.2.2.2).
Impact and crushing tests
Udarni in tlačni preskusi
Impact at the rear
Udar od zadaj
The tractor shall be so placed in relation to the pendulum block that the block will strike the protective structure when the impact face of the block and the supporting chains or wire ropes are at an angle with the vertical plane A equal to M/100 with a 20° maximum, unless, during deflection, the protective structure at the point of contact forms a greater angle to the vertical.
Traktor se glede na nihalno udarno telo postavi tako, da telo udari ob zaščitno konstrukcijo, ko udarna ploskev telesa in nosilne verige ali žične vrvi oklepajo z navpično ravnino A kot, ki znaša M/100, vendar največ 20°, razen če med deformacijo zaščitna konstrukcija na točki udara oklepa večji kot z navpičnico.
In this case the impact face of the block shall be adjusted by means of an additional support so that it is parallel to the protective structure at the point of impact at the moment of maximum deflection, the supporting chains or wire ropes remaining at the angle defined above.
V tem primeru se udarna ploskev telesa naravna z dodatnimi nosilnimi vezmi, da je vzporedna z zaščitno konstrukcijo na točki udara v trenutku največje deformacije, medtem ko nosilne verige ali žične vrvi ostanejo pod zgoraj določenim kotom.
The suspended height of the block shall be adjusted and necessary steps taken so as to prevent the block from turning about the point of impact.
Višina obešenega udarnega telesa se prilagodi, sprejmejo pa se tudi potrebni ukrepi za preprečevanje, da bi se udarno telo vrtelo okrog točke udara.
The point of impact is that part of the protective structure likely to hit the ground first in a rearward overturning accident, normally the upper edge.
Točka udara je tisti del zaščitne konstrukcije, ki bi najverjetneje prvi udaril ob tla, če se traktor prevrne nazaj; to je običajno zgornji rob.
The position of the centre of gravity of the block is 1/6 of the width of the top of the protective structure inwards from a vertical plan parallel to the median plane of the tractor touching the outside extremity of the top of the protective structure.
Lega težišča udarnega telesa je na šestini širine zgornjega roba zaščitne konstrukcije navznoter od navpične ravnine, vzporedne s sredinsko ravnino traktorja, ki se dotika skrajnega zgornjega zunanjega roba zaščitne konstrukcije.
If the structure is curved or protruding at this point, wedges enabling the impact to be applied thereon must be added, without thereby reinforcing the structure.
Če je zaščitna konstrukcija na tej točki upognjena ali izbočena, se dodatno podloži z zagozdami, da se omogoči delovanje udara na ta del, ne da bi to povečalo trdnost konstrukcije.
The tractor must be lashed to the ground by means of four wire ropes, one at each end of both axles, arranged as indicated in Figure 7.4.
Traktor mora biti pritrjen na tla s štirimi žičnimi vrvmi, pri čemer mora biti po ena na vsaki strani obeh osi, kot je prikazano na sliki 7.4.
The spacing between the front and rear lashing points must be such that the wire ropes make an angle of less than 30° with the ground.
Razmik med sprednjo in zadnjo točko za pritrditev vrvi mora biti tak, da žične vrvi s tlemi oklepajo kot, ki ne presega 30°.
The rear lashings must in addition be so arranged that the point of convergence of the two wire ropes is located in the vertical plane in which the centre of gravity of the pendulum block travels.
Poleg tega mora biti pritrditev na zadnji strani taka, da je točka konvergence obeh žičnih vrvi v navpični ravnini, po kateri se giblje težišče udarnega telesa.
The wire ropes must be tensioned so that the tyres undergo the deflections given in 3.1.5.6.2.
Žične vrvi je treba napeti, da se pnevmatike deformirajo, kot je določeno v točki 3.1.5.6.2.
With the wire ropes tensioned, the wedging beam shall be placed in front of and tight against the rear wheels and then fixed to the ground.
Ko so žične vrvi napete, se podporni tram namesti tesno pred zadnji kolesi in se nato pritrdi na tla.
If the tractor is of the articulated type, the point of articulation shall, in addition, be supported by a wooden block at least 100 mm square and firmly lashed to the ground.
Če gre za zgibno krmiljeni traktor, se centralni zgib dodatno podpre z lesenim podstavkom s stranico vsaj 100 mm in pritrdi na tla.
The pendulum block shall be pulled back so that the height of its centre of gravity above that at the point of impact is given by one of the following two formulae:
Nihalno udarno telo se potegne nazaj, tako da je višina njegovega težišča nad točko udara toliko, kot se izračuna z eno od naslednjih enačb:
H = 2,165 × 10–8 M L2
H = 2,165 × 10-8 ML2