natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Based on the above it was concluded that this non-cooperating US producer accounted for 29 % of US production capacity during the RIP with the product concerned considered as a business sector belonging to the company’s best performance product divisions.
Glede na navedeno je bilo sklenjeno, da je ta nesodelujoči ameriški proizvajalec med OPP z zadevnim izdelkom, obravnavanim kot poslovnim sektorjem, ki sodi v skupino izdelkov družbe z najboljšimi rezultati, predstavljal 29 % proizvodne zmogljivosti ameriške proizvodnje.
The overall importance of the Union market was also confirmed by the fact that sales to the Union represent some 33 % of this company’s total sales.
Splošna pomembnost trga Unije je bila potrjena tudi z dejstvom, da prodaja v Uniji predstavlja 33 % celotne prodaje te družbe.
Given the magnitude of this producer in the US market, its production capacity, the overall importance of the Union in its business activities and the importance of the Union market in the worldwide ethanolamine market, it is reasonable to assume that this non-cooperating US producer would further increase its export activities to the Union, should measures be allowed to lapse.
Glede na velikost tega ameriškega proizvajalca na ameriškem trgu, njegovo proizvodno zmogljivost, splošno pomembnost Unije v njegovih poslovnih dejavnostih in pomembnost trga Unije na svetovnem trgu etanolamina je smiselno predvidevati, da bi v primeru izteka ukrepov nesodelujoči ameriški proizvajalec še povečal svoj izvoz v Unijo.
There would be an incentive to do so on the basis of the data prevailing during the RIP, especially because of the high price levels of the product concerned in the Union market.
Na podlagi podatkov, ki so prevladovali med OPP, obstaja spodbuda za takšno ravnanje zlasti zaradi visokih ravni cen zadevnega izdelka na trgu Unije.
Trade defence measures in third country export markets
Ukrepi trgovinske zaščite na izvoznih trgih tretjih držav
Since November 2004 China levies anti-dumping duties on MEA and DEA originating in Japan, USA, Iran, Malaysia, Taiwan and Mexico.
Od novembra 2004 Kitajska nalaga protidampinške dajatve na MEA in DEA s poreklom iz Japonske, ZDA, Malezije, Tajvana in Mehike.
Ethanolamines originating in the USA are subject to duties ranging from 20 % to 74 %.
Za etanolamine s poreklom iz ZDA velja dajatev v razponu od 20 % do 74 %.
In 2008 11 % of total US exports went to China [10], a market with increasing demand for the product concerned and which in 2007 was producing approximately 24 % of its total internal consumption of ethanolamines.
Leta 2008 je bilo 11 % celotnega ameriškega izvoza namenjenega Kitajski [10], trgu z naraščajočim povpraševanjem po zadevnem izdelku, ki je leta 2007 proizvedel približno 24 % celotne notranje porabe etanolaminov.
It should be noted that Dow Chemical formed a joint-venture with Petronas, called Optimal, and installed 75000 tonnes capacity in Malaysia, dedicated since 2002 to serve the Asian ethanolamine market.
Treba je opozoriti, da je družba Dow Chemical z družbo Petronas ustanovila skupno podjetje, imenovano Optimal, in v Maleziji postavila obrat z zmogljivostjo 75000 ton, ki je od leta 2002 namenjena oskrbovanju azijskega trga etanolamina.
But the fact remains that genuine US exports to China are subject to measures and thus limit for all practical purposes the potential to absorb in any significant way spare capacities.
Vseeno velja, da za dejanski ameriški izvoz na Kitajsko veljajo ukrepi, ki tako iz praktičnih razlogov omejujejo možnost za znatno absorbiranje neizkoriščenih zmogljivosti.
Furthermore, it appears that the US ethanolamine export potential to China is also undermined by the fact that the Chinese duty regime on ethanolamines imported from ASEAN countries has been altered (import duty reduced from 5 % to 0 %) thus providing a further advantage to ethanolamine producers in the ASEAN countries exporting to China [11].
Poleg tega se zdi, da izvoznim možnostim ameriškega etanolamina na Kitajsko nasprotuje tudi dejstvo, da je bil kitajski režim dajatev za etanolamine, uvožene iz držav ASEAN, spremenjen (uvozna dajatev je bila znižana s 5 % na 0 %), kar predstavlja dodatno prednost za proizvajalce etanolamina v državah ASEAN, ki izvažajo na Kitajsko [11].
Development of demand in the USA up to RIP
Razvoj povpraševanja v ZDA do OPP
The ethanolamine market has been characterised by strong growth in the demand for DEA, triggered by the use of DEA in the production of glyphosate herbicides.
Za trg etanolamina je značilno veliko naraščanje povpraševanja po DEA, ki ga je sprožila uporaba DEA v proizvodnji glifosat herbicidov.
The main market for MEA is the synthesis of organic compounds (mainly ethyleneamines).
Glavni trg za MEA je sinteza organskih spojin (večinoma etilenaminov).
A US Regulation, effective as of 1 January 2005, prohibiting the use of alternative metal-based products for wood treatment, caused an increase in demand for MEA.
Uredba ZDA, ki je v veljavi od 1. januarja 2005 in prepoveduje uporabo nadomestnih, kovinskih izdelkov za obdelavo lesa, je povzročila večje povpraševanje po MEA.
However, information from leading journals suggests that the impact of the 2005 US legislative initiative on demand will no longer give rise to high percentage increases in consumption in the future.
Vendar pa informacije vodilnih strokovnih publikacij kažejo, da vpliv ameriške zakonodajne pobude iz leta 2005 ne bo več povzročal visokega odstotka zvišanja porabe v prihodnosti.
This is due to the fact that this segment of the market has stabilised and that there is competition in the wood preservative market from other products not using MEA (like borate-based wood preservatives, naturally pest-resistant wood species and recycled steel).
Vzrok za to je dejstvo, da se je ta tržni segment stabiliziral in da na trgu za zaščito lesa obstaja konkurenca drugih izdelkov, ki ne uporabljajo MEA (kot so zaščita za les na osnovi borata, naravne, proti škodljivcem odporne vrste lesa, in reciklirano jeklo).
In summary, there was up to the RIP a positively developing demand which is, however, expected to level off.
Skratka, do OPP je obstajalo pozitivno razvijajoče se povpraševanje, za katero pa se pričakuje, da se bo umirilo.
Possible development of demand in the USA and in other markets
Možen razvoj povpraševanja na trgu ZDA in drugih trgih
The information available relating to possible developments in demand in the USA and the rest of the world for the period up to 2013 was also reviewed.
Preučene so bile razpoložljive informacije v zvezi z možnim razvojem povpraševanja v ZDA in drugod po svetu do leta 2013.
All figures in the following recitals are based on information sourced from the complainants, Dow Chemical, INEOS Oxide LLC and the chemical industry’s leading reference publications issued by SRI Consulting, PCI and Tecnon OrbiChem Ltd. The data do not reflect yet the impact of the current economic crisis.
Vse številke v naslednjih uvodnih izjavah temeljijo na informacijah pritožnikov, Dow Chemical, INEOS Oxide LLC in vodilnih referenčnih publikacij kemične industrije, ki jih izdajajo SRI Consulting, PCI in Tecnon OrbiChem Ltd. Podatki še ne odražajo vpliva sedanje gospodarske krize.
According to that information, the annual average growth rate of US demand is expected to reach 3,1 %.
V skladu s temi informacijami se pričakuje, da bo povprečna letna rast povpraševanja v ZDA dosegla 3,1 %.
Growth rates in other markets are higher.
Rast povpraševanja na drugih trgih je višja.
The projected Union annual average growth rate will not reach 4 %, compared to 4,6 % in China, 5 % in Central and South America and 13,4 % in the Middle East.
Predvidena povprečna letna rast v Uniji ne bo dosegla 4 % v primerjavi s 4,6 % na Kitajskem, 5 % v Srednji in Južni Ameriki ter 13,4 % na Bližnjem vzhodu.
This situation confirms that US producers will have to search for export markets and endeavour to maximise their presence and gains in areas of the world that are expected to perform stronger in terms of growth and where opportunities for greater market shares exist.
Ta položaj potrjuje, da bodo morali ameriški proizvajalci iskati izvozne trge ter si prizadevati za povečanje prisotnosti in dobička v območjih sveta, za katera se pričakuje, da bodo rasla hitreje, in kjer obstajajo priložnosti za večji tržni delež.
If the development in demand is compared to the available production capacity, the following picture emerges, again on the basis of pre-crisis data: in the USA, during the RIP where the actual production was some 65000 tonnes higher than the effective consumption of the product combined with spare capacity, it will take some time before the additional production capacity that became recently operational is absorbed.
Pri primerjavi razvoja povpraševanja in razpoložljive proizvodnje zmogljivosti se na podlagi podatkov pred krizo pojavi naslednja slika: v ZDA, kjer je bila med OPP dejanska proizvodnja za približno 65000 ton večja od dejanske potrošnje izdelka v kombinaciji z neizkoriščeno zmogljivostjo, bo preteklo še nekaj časa, preden bo absorbirana dodatna proizvodna zmogljivost, ki je pred kratkim začela delovati.
In contrast, in 2007, demand on the European market slightly exceeded [12] Union production capacity.
Nasprotno, leta 2007 je povpraševanje na evropskem trgu rahlo preseglo [12] proizvodno zmogljivost Unije.
However, on the basis of pre-crisis data, it is unlikely that this situation remains unchanged.
Vendar je na podlagi podatkov pred krizo malo verjetno, da bo ta položaj ostal nespremenjen.
Indeed, if the projected growth rates are compared with the announced capacity expansions, some excess capacity can be expected should INEOS Oxide Ltd’s investment plans in the Union be implemented.
Dejansko, če primerjamo predvidene stopnje rasti z napovedanimi širitvami zmogljivosti, lahko pričakujemo nekaj presežne zmogljivosti, če bodo izvedeni investicijski načrti družbe INEOS v Uniji.
As regards the rest of the Asian markets, available information confirms that they too are becoming self-sufficient, thus putting extra pressure on the US producers to find new markets.
Glede preostalih azijskih trgov razpoložljive informacije potrjujejo, da prav tako postajajo samozadostni, kar pomeni dodaten pritisk na ameriške proizvajalce, da poiščejo nove trge.
In sum, the various capacity expansions and projections of the market situation leading up to 2013 point to the likelihood of US exporting producers dumping on the Union market because the match of supply and demand on the US market will probably not take effect before 2013.
Različne širitve zmogljivosti in napovedi položaja na trgu do leta 2013 kažejo na verjetnost izvajanja dampinga na trgu Unije s strani proizvajalcev izvoznikov iz ZDA, ker se dobava in povpraševanje na ameriškem trgu verjetno ne bosta izenačili pred letom 2013.
Shift from monoethylene glycol production to production of ethalonamines
Prehod s proizvodnje monoetilenglikola na proizvodnjo etanolaminov
It should be noted that ethanolamines form part of the business sector of EO derivatives.
Spomniti je treba, da so etanolamini del poslovnega sektorja derivatov EO.
Monoethylene glycol (MEG) also belongs to this sector.
Monoetilenglikol (MEG) tudi sodi v ta sektor.
There are indications that most of the EO derivatives producers in Asia are trying to concentrate on EO derivatives business other than MEG due to very depressed glycol markets, thus bringing more ethanolamines onto the market.
Nekateri znaki kažejo, da se večina proizvajalcev derivatov EO v Aziji zaradi zelo zmanjšanega trga glikola poskuša osredotočiti na poslovanje z derivati EO, razen MEG, zato pošiljajo na trg več etanolaminov.
Indeed, due to very weak MEG prices in 2008, those Asian producers that can produce MEG and ethanolamines chose to favour ethanolamine production to improve their overall profitability [14].
Dejansko so se zaradi zelo slabih cen MEG v letu 2008 tisti azijski proizvajalci, ki lahko proizvajajo MEG in etanolamine, odločili za proizvodnjo etanolaminov, da bi tako izboljšali svojo celotno dobičkonosnost [14].
This likely tightens the ethanolamine market in Asia, which in 2008 represented 18 % [15] of total US exports.
To bo verjetno zaostrilo razmere na trgu etanolaminov v Aziji, ki je leta 2008 predstavljal 18 % [15] celotnega ameriškega uvoza.
Based on information from the beginning of the current economic crisis, there were some predictions that substantial shortages in Asia would still exist in the very short term [16] but all these are expected to be overtaken in the medium term account taken of the substantial increase of ethanolamine capacity in Asia as explained under recital 27.
Na podlagi informacij z začetka sedanje gospodarske krize so bile napovedi, da bo v Aziji kratkoročno še vedno znatno pomanjkanje [16], vendar se pričakuje, da se ga bo v srednjeročnem obdobju ob upoštevanju znatnega povečanja zmogljivosti etanolamina v Aziji nadomestilo, kot je razloženo v uvodni izjavi 27.
Post RIP available information confirms that due to the very weak MEG prices producers that produce both MEG and ethanolamines will favour ethanolamine production in order to improve their overall profitability.
Razpoložljive informacije po koncu OPP potrjujejo, da bodo proizvajalci, ki proizvajajo tako MEG kot etanolamine, zaradi slabih cen MEG dajali prednost proizvodnji etanolaminov, da bi tako izboljšali svojo celotno dobičkonosnost.
With respect to the evolution of MEG capacities in the world, information [17] suggests that MEG capacities have increased by approximately 19 % during the period considered.
Glede na razvoj zmogljivosti proizvodnje MEG v svetu informacije [17] kažejo, da so se zmogljivosti proizvodnje MEG med obravnavanim obdobjem povečale za približno 19 %.
This situation confirms that the world market is facing a serious oversupply problem in MEG production and explains why world MEG prices are falling.
To stanje potrjuje, da se svetovni trg sooča z resno težavo prevelike ponudbe pri proizvodnji MEG, kar pojasnjuje, zakaj se svetovne cene MEG znižujejo.
Since the USA is the most important ethanolamine market in the world it is expected that it will be the first market that will be faced with the consequence of MEG overcapacity, i.e. drop in MEG prices and switch of the relevant raw material (EO) from the production of MEG to the production of ethanolamines.
Ker so ZDA najpomembnejši trg etanolaminov, se pričakuje, da bo to prvi trg, ki se bo soočil s posledicami prevelike ponudbe MEG, tj. padcem cen MEG in prehodom ustreznih surovin (EO) s proizvodnje MEG na proizvodnjo etanolaminov.
It is obvious that MEG overcapacity and the resulting consequences together with the already identified ethanolamine surplus in the US market will put pressure on the ethanolamine prices.
Očitno je, da bodo prevelika ponudba MEG in njene posledice skupaj z že opredeljenim presežkom etanolamina na ameriškem trgu ustvarili pritisk na cene etanolamina.
Relationship between US export prices and Union prices
Razmerje med izvoznimi cenami ZDA in cenami Unije
In general, sales on the Union market are less often made under fixed term contracts than on the US market but all verified contracts contained clauses allowing for a comparatively quick adaptation of prices (normally within a few weeks) as a result of any price fluctuation.
Na splošno prodaja na trgu Unije redkeje temelji na pogodbah za določen čas kot na ameriškem trgu, vendar so vse preverjene pogodbe vsebovale določila, ki dovoljujejo razmeroma hitro prilagoditev cen (običajno v nekaj tednih) zaradi nihanja cen.
Consequently, the existence of a sales contract does not mean that sale prices are set for a longer period and are as a result stable.
Obstoj prodajnih pogodb tako ne pomeni, da so prodajne cene določene za daljše obdobje in so zato stabilne.
Unit prices are very much driven by world market prices.
Na cene na enoto zelo vplivajo cene na svetovnem trgu.
Industrial users in the USA and in the Union usually obtain similar conditions on both markets as they are often multinational companies that negotiate their sourcing on a worldwide basis and select suppliers that are capable of delivering on a similar scale.
Industrijski uporabniki v ZDA in v Uniji imajo podobne pogoje na obeh trgih, saj so pogosto večnacionalne družbe, ki se o določitvi virov pogajajo na svetovni ravni in izberejo dobavitelje, ki so zmožni dobavljati v podobnem obsegu.
Sales to traders and distributors by the two cooperating exporting producers represent only between 10 % and 20 % of the volumes sold on the US domestic market and between 25 % and 35 % of sales on the Union market.
Prodaja trgovcem in distributerjem s strani dveh sodelujočih proizvajalcev izvoznikov predstavlja samo med 10 % in 20 % količine, prodane na ameriškem domačem trgu, ter med 25 % in 35 % prodaje na trgu Unije.
According to verified data, the US domestic prices to traders were on average 7 % lower than the Union prices and US sales prices to domestic industrial users were on average approximately 30 % lower than to the Union users.
Glede na preverjene podatke so bile domače cene ZDA v povprečju za 7 % nižje od cen Unije, prodajne cene ZDA za domače industrijske uporabnike pa so bile v povprečju za 30 % nižje od cen za uporabnike v Uniji.
These data confirm that during the RIP there was a comparatively significant difference between the two markets with the Union market prices being higher than the US prices.
Ti podatki potrjujejo, da je bila med OPP razmeroma velika razlika med navedenima trgoma, pri čemer so bile tržne cene Unije višje od ameriških cen.
Therefore, account taken of the saturation in the other US export markets and the level of prices in the EU, the termination of measures would constitute a significant incentive to increase exports to the EU should such price difference continue in the near future.
Zato bi ob upoštevanju nasičenosti na drugih izvoznih trgih ZDA in ravni cen v EU ukinitev ukrepov v primeru, da se bo takšna razlika med cenami nadaljevala, pomenila znatno spodbudo za povečanje izvoza v EU.
In this respect it is noted that, as it is explained under recital 48, relevant post RIP data suggest that, due to the world economic crisis, US prices surpassed Union prices in the post RIP period.
V zvezi s tem se opozarja, kot je razloženo v uvodni izjavi 48, da ustrezni podatki po OPP kažejo, da so zaradi svetovne gospodarske krize v obdobju po OPP ameriške cene presegle cene Unije.
On the basis of the data relating to the RIP and given the not insignificant price difference between US and EU prices for industrial users, which constitute the majority of customers, the termination of the measures would constitute a significant incentive to shift US sales to the EU.
Na podlagi podatkov, povezanih z OPP, in glede na nezanemarljivo razliko med cenami ZDA in EU za industrijske uporabnike, ki predstavljajo večino potrošnikov, bi ukinitev ukrepov pomenila znatno spodbudo za premik prodaje ZDA v EU.
In any event, this picture has changed post RIP and for most product types US exports would only be competitively priced if they are made at dumped levels (see recital 48).
V vsakem primeru se je ta slika po OPP spremenila in za večino vrst izdelkov bi imel izvoz ZDA konkurenčne cene samo, če bi potekal po dampinških cenah (glej od uvodne izjave 48 naprej).
Relationship between the US export prices to third countries and to the Union
Razmerje med ameriškimi izvoznimi cenami v tretje države in v Unijo
The investigation showed that the main export markets for the USA during the RIP were Canada, Mexico, Brazil and the Union.
Preiskava je pokazala, da so bili med OPP glavni izvozni trgi za ZDA Kanada, Mehika, Brazilija in Unija.
With respect to sales prices, US export prices to third countries are generally higher than on the US domestic market and the US export prices to the EU are generally higher than the ones to the rest of the world.
Glede na prodajne cene so ameriške izvozne cene za tretje države na splošno višje od cen na ameriškem domačem trgu, ameriške izvozne cene v EU pa so na splošno višje od tistih za ostali svet.
Although the above could partially be attributed to the lower export volumes (i.e. lower volumes typically result in higher prices), it also confirms the importance of the export markets for US producers who could always expect higher prices and thus consider these markets as very attractive in case problems such as oversupply/overcapacity or erosion of demand arise in the US domestic market.
Čeprav je zgoraj navedeno mogoče delno pripisati manjšemu obsegu izvoza (tj. rezultat manjšega obsega so običajno višje cene), pa tudi potrjuje pomembnost izvoznih trgov za proizvajalce ZDA, ki so lahko vedno pričakovali višje cene in zato štejejo te trge za zelo privlačne v primeru, če bi se na domačem trgu ZDA pojavile težave, kot je prevelika ponudba/zmogljivost ali zmanjšanje povpraševanja.
That this erosion of prices occurred also in traditional US export markets such as Canada, Mexico or Brazil is also evident [19] thus pointing out that post RIP prices in traditional US export markets are lower than in the EU.
Očitno je, da je do tega znižanja cen prišlo tudi na tradicionalnih ameriških izvoznih trgih, kot so Kanada, Mehika ali Brazilija [19], pri čemer se poudarja, da so cene po OPP na tradicionalnih ameriških izvoznih trgih nižje kot v EU.
To conclude, for both cooperating exporting producers, the US market in principle remains the most important sales market.
Če povzamemo, je za oba sodelujoča proizvajalca izvoznika ameriški trg načeloma še vedno najpomembnejši prodajni trg.
The Union and Canada (the latter with no ethanolamine production) absorb most US exports of the product concerned, followed by Brazil and Mexico.
Unija in Kanada (slednja je brez proizvodnje etanolamina) absorbirata največ ameriškega izvoza zadevnega izdelka, sledita pa jima Brazilija in Mehika.
Approximately 20 % of US production was exported during the RIP with price levels that were generally higher than those charged in the domestic US market.
Med OPP je bilo izvožene približno 20 % ameriške proizvodnje z ravnmi cen, ki so bile na splošno višje od tistih, zaračunanih na domačem trgu ZDA.
Thus, during the RIP sales to the Union and to the rest of the world played an important role in the overall use and profitability of production capacities installed.
Zato je imela med OPP prodaja Uniji in ostalemu svetu pomembno vlogo pri splošni uporabi in dobičkonosnosti obstoječih proizvodnih zmogljivosti.
While prices have changed significantly subsequent to the RIP, there is no doubt as to the continued importance of export markets for profitability and capacity utilisation.
Medtem ko so se cene po OPP bistveno spremenile, ni nobenega dvoma, da imajo izvozni trgi stalen pomen za dobičkonosnost in izkoriščenost zmogljivosti.
There is nothing to suggest that all the above does not apply to the non-cooperating US producers.
Nič ne kaže na to, da zgoraj navedeno ne bi veljalo za nesodelujoče ameriške proizvajalce.
Effect of the current economic crisis
Učinek sedanje gospodarske krize
One element that is expected to play a crucial role in the development of worldwide capacity and demand in the near future is the impact of the recent world economic crisis.
Dejavnik, za katerega se pričakuje, da bo imel ključno vlogo pri razvoju svetovne zmogljivosti in povpraševanja v bližnji prihodnosti, je vpliv nedavne svetovne gospodarske krize.
DOW Chemical’s claims were not found to be convincing.
Argumenti družbe Dow Chemical niso bili prepričljivi.
Historically, demand for certain end-use sectors of the product concerned, like personal care products, was negatively affected by economic downturns.
V preteklosti so gospodarske recesije negativno vplivale na povpraševanje določenih sektorjev končne uporabe, kot so izdelki za osebno nego.