natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
For confirmation, unless technically impossible, it is recommended to use alternative procedures whereby the constituent that was the residue in the standard method is dissolved out first.
Če je tehnično izvedljivo, je za potrditev rezultatov priporočljivo uporabiti alternativne postopke, pri katerih se komponenta, ki je pri standardni metodi preostanek, raztopi prva.
METHODS FOR QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CERTAIN BINARY TEXTILE FIBRE MIXTURES
METODE KVANTITATIVNE ANALIZE NEKATERIH DVOKOMPONENTNIH MEŠANIC TEKSTILNIH VLAKEN
I. General information common to the methods given for the quantitative chemical analysis of textile fibre mixtures
I. Splošne informacije, ki so skupne metodam kvantitativne kemične analize mešanic tekstilnih vlaken
The field of application for each method specifies to which fibres the method is applicable.
Področje uporabe vsake metode opredeljuje, za katera vlakna se metoda uporablja.
After the identification of the components of a mixture, the non-fibrous material is removed by suitable pre-treatment and then one of the components, usually by selective solution [6].
Po razpoznavanju posameznih komponent v mešanici se z ustrezno predobdelavo odstranijo nevlaknate snovi, nato pa ena od komponent, običajno z izbirnim raztapljanjem [6].
The insoluble residue is weighed and the proportion of soluble component calculated from the loss in mass.
Netopni ostanek se stehta in iz izgube mase izračuna odstotek topne komponente.
Except where this presents technical difficulties, it is preferable to dissolve the fibre present in the greater proportion, thus obtaining the fibre present in the smaller proportion as residue.
Razen v primerih, ko bi takšno raztapljanje povzročilo tehnične težave, je priporočljivo najprej raztopiti tisto vlakno, katerega delež je večji, pri čemer vlakno, ki je zastopano v manjšem deležu, predstavlja preostanek po raztapljanju.
MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
OPREMA IN REAGENTI
Filter crucibles and weighing bottles large enough to contain such crucibles, or any other apparatus giving identical results.
Filtrirni lončki in tehtiči, dovolj veliki, da vsebujejo filtrirne lončke, ali aparature, ki dajejo enake rezultate.
Vacuum flask.
Presesalna buča.
Desiccator containing self-indicating silica gel.
Eksikator, ki vsebuje silikagel z indikatorjem za vsebnost vode.
Ventilated oven for drying specimens at 105 ± 3 °C.
Sušilnik z ventorjem za sušenje preskusnih primerkov pri 105 ± 3 °C.
Analytical balance, accurate to 0,0002 g.
Analitska tehtnica z natančnostjo do 0,0002 g.
Soxhlet extractor or other apparatus giving identical results.
Soxhlet aparat (ekstrakcijski aparat) ali drugi aparat, ki daje enake rezultate.
Reagents.
Reagenti.
Light petroleum, redistilled, boiling range 40 to 60 °C.
Petroleter, redestiliran, temperatura vrelišča od 40 do 60 °C.
Other reagents are specified in the appropriate section of each method.
Drugi reagenti so določeni v ustreznem oddelku z opisi posamezne metode.
Distilled or deionised water.
Destilirana ali deionizirana voda.
Orthophosphoric acid.
Ortofosforna kislina.
Sodium bicarbonate.
Natrijev bikarbonat.
All reagents used shall be chemically pure.
Vsi uporabljeni reagenti so kemično čisti.
CONDITIONING AND TESTING ATMOSPHERE
KONDICIONIRANJE IN PRESKUŠEVALNA ATMOSFERA
Because dry masses are determined, it is unnecessary to condition the specimen or to conduct analyses in a conditioned atmosphere.
Ker se določajo suhe mase, kondicioniranje preskusnih primerkov in izvajanje analize v standardni atmosferi ni potrebno.
LABORATORY TEST SAMPLE
LABORATORIJSKI PRESKUSNI VZOREC
Take a laboratory test sample that is representative of the laboratory bulk sample and sufficient to provide all the specimens, each of at least 1 g, that are required.
Laboratorijski preskusni vzorec, ki je reprezentativen za laboratorijski osnovni vzorec naj bo dovolj velik, da se iz njega lahko pridobi vse potrebne preskusne primerke, od katerih naj vsak tehta vsaj 1 g.
PRE-TREATMENT OF LABORATORY TEST SAMPLE [7]
PREDOBDELAVA LABORATORIJSKEGA PRESKUSNEGA VZORCA [7]
Where a substance not to be taken into account in the percentage calculations (see Article 19) is present, it shall first be removed by a suitable method that does not affect any of the fibre constituents.
Kadar je prisotna snov, ki se pri izračunu odstotkov ne upošteva (glej člen 19), se le-ta najprej odstrani z ustrezno metodo, ki ne učinkuje na nobeno drugo vlaknato komponento.
For this purpose, non-fibrous matter which can be extracted with light petroleum and water is removed by treating the laboratory test sample in a Soxhlet extractor with light petroleum for 1 hour at a minimum rate of six cycles per hour.
Nevlaknate snovi, ki jih je mogoče ekstrahirati s petroletrom in vodo, se odstranijo s petroletrom v Soxhlet aparatu z enourno obdelavo laboratorijskega preskusnega vzorca pri hitrosti najmanj šest ciklov na uro.
Allow the light petroleum to evaporate from the sample, which is then extracted by direct treatment consisting in soaking the laboratory test sample in water at room temperature for 1 hour and then soaking it in water at 65 ± 5 °C for a further hour, agitating the liquor from time to time.
Ko petroleter izhlapi iz vzorca, se vzorec ekstrahira z direktno obdelavo, ki jo sestavlja enourno namakanje laboratorijskega preskusnega vzorca v vodi pri sobni temperaturi, ki mu sledi še enourno namakanje v vodi pri temperaturi 65 ± 5 °C, pri čemer se vsebina od časa do časa premeša.
Use a liquor-laboratory test sample ratio of 100:1.
Uporabljeno razmerje med tekočino in laboratorijskim preskusnim vzorcem je 100:1.
Remove the excess water from the sample by squeezing, suction or centrifuging and then allow the sample to become air-dry.
Odvečna voda se iz vzorca odstrani s stiskanjem, odsesavanjem ali centrifugiranjem, nato se vzorec posuši na zraku.
In the case of elastolefin or fibre mixtures containing elastolefin and other fibres (wool, animal hair, silk, cotton, flax (or linen) true hemp, jute, abaca, alfa, coir, broom, ramie, sisal, cupro, modal, protein, viscose, acrylic, polyamide or nylon, polyester, elastomultiester) the procedure just described shall be slightly modified, in that light petroleum ether shall be replaced by acetone.
Pri elastolefinu ali mešanicah vlaken, ki vsebujejo elastolefin in druga vlakna (volno, živalske dlake, svilo, bombaž, lan, konopljo, juto, abako, alfo, kokos, žuko ali brnistro, ramijo, sisal, bakro, modal, protein, viskozo, akril, poliamid ali najlon, poliester, elastomultiester), je treba opisani postopek nekoliko spremeniti, in sicer tako, da se petroleter nadomestiti z acetonom.
In the case of binary fibre mixtures containing elastolefin and acetate the following procedure shall apply as pre-treatment.
Pri dvokomponentnih mešanicah tekstilnih vlaken, ki vsebujejo elastolefin in acetat, se za predobdelavo uporabi naslednji postopek.
Extract the laboratory test sample for 10 minutes at 80 °C with a solution containing 25 g/l of 50 % orthophosphoric acid and 50 g/l of urea.
Laboratorijski preskusni vzorec se ekstrahira 10 minut pri 80 °C z raztopino, ki vsebuje 25 g/l 50 % ortofosforne kisline in 50 g/l sečnine.
Wash laboratory test sample in water, then drain and wash it in a 0,1 % sodium bicarbonate solution, finally wash it carefully in water.
Laboratorijski preskusni vzorec se izpere z vodo, nato se ga odcedi in izpere z 0,1 % raztopino natrijevega bikarbonata; vzorec se nazadnje dobro izpere z vodo.
Where non-fibrous matter cannot be extracted with light petroleum and water, it shall be removed by substituting for the water method described above a suitable method that does not substantially alter any of the fibre constituents.
Kadar nevlaknate snovi ni mogoče ekstrahirati s petroletrom in vodo, se opisana metoda nadomesti z ustrezno drugo metodo, ki bistveno ne vpliva na vlaknate komponente.
However, for some unbleached, natural vegetable fibres (e.g. jute, coir) it is to be noted that normal pre-treatment with light petroleum and water does not remove all the natural non-fibrous substances; nevertheless additional pre-treatment is not applied unless the sample contains finishes insoluble in both light petroleum and water.
Pri tem je treba opozoriti, da pri nekaterih nebeljenih naravnih rastlinskih vlaknih (npr. juta, kokos) običajna predobdelava s petroletrom in vodo ne odstrani vseh naravnih nevlaknatih snovi; kljub temu se dodatna predobdelava ne uporablja, razen če vzorec vsebuje v obeh topilih netopne apreture.
Analysis reports shall include full details of the methods of pre-treatment used.
Poročila o analizi vsebujejo vse podrobnosti o uporabljenih metodah predobdelave.
General instructions
Splošna navodila
Conduct all drying operations for not less than 4 hours and not more than 16 hours at 105 ± 3 °C in a ventilated oven with the oven door closed throughout.
Vsi postopki sušenja se izvajajo najmanj štiri ure in največ 16 ur pri temperaturi 105 ± 3 °C v sušilniku z ventilatorjem, katerega vrata so ves čas zaprta.
If the drying period is less than 14 hours, the specimen must be weighed to check that its mass has become constant.
Če je čas sušenja krajši od 14 ur, je treba primerek stehtati, da se ugotovi, ali je njegova masa konstantna.
The mass may be considered to have become constant if, after a further drying period of 60 minutes, its variation is less than 0,05 %.
Masa je konstantna, če se po nadaljnjih 60 minutah sušenja spremeni za manj kot 0,05 %.
Avoid handling crucibles and weighing bottles, specimens or residues with bare hands during the drying, cooling and weighing operations.
Med sušenjem, hlajenjem in tehtanjem naj se filtrirni lončki, tehtiči, primerki ali preostanki čim manj prijemajo z golimi rokami.
Dry specimens in a weighing bottle with its cover beside it.
Primerki se sušijo v tehtiču, katerega pokrovček je položen zraven njega.
After drying, stopper the weighing bottle before removing it from the oven, and transfer it quickly to the desiccator.
Po sušenju se tehtič pokrije, nato se ga čim hitreje prestavi v eksikator.
Dry the filter crucible in a weighing bottle with its cover beside it in the oven.
Filtrirni lonček se suši v tehtiču, katerega pokrovček je položen zraven njega v sušilniku.
After drying, close the weighing bottle and transfer it quickly to the desiccator.
Po sušenju se tehtič pokrije ter se ga karseda hitro prestavi v eksikator.
Where apparatus other than a filter crucible is used, drying operations in the oven shall be conducted in such a way as to enable the dry mass of the fibres to be determined without loss.
Kadar se namesto filtrirnega lončka uporablja kakšna druga oprema, mora sušenje v sušilniku potekati na način, ki omogoča, da se masa suhih vlaken določi brez izgube mase.
Cooling
Hlajenje
Conduct all cooling operations in the desiccator, the latter placed beside the balance, until complete cooling of the weighing bottles is attained, and in any case for not less than 2 hours.
Vsi postopki hlajenja v eksikatorju, ki je običajno zraven tehtnice, se izvajajo toliko časa, da se doseže popolna ohladitev tehtiča, nikakor pa ne manj kot dve uri.
Weighing
Tehtanje Po ohladitvi se tehtič stehta v dveh minutah po njegovi odstranitvi iz eksikatorja.
After cooling, complete the weighing of the weighing bottle within 2 minutes of its removal from the desiccator.
Po ohladitvi se tehtič odstrani iz eksikatorja in v roku dveh minut stehta.
Weigh to an accuracy of 0,0002 g.
Natančnost tehtanja je 0,0002 g.
Take from the pre-treated laboratory test sample a test specimen weighing at least 1 g. Cut yarn or cloth into lengths of about 10 mm, dissected as much as possible.
Iz predobdelanega laboratorijskega preskusnega vzorca se odvzame preskusni primerek mase vsaj 1 g. Preja ali blago se nareže na dele, dolge približno 10 mm, ki so čim bolj razvlaknjeni.
Dry the specimen in a weighing bottle, cool it in the desiccator and weigh it.
Primerek se posuši v tehtiču, ohladi v eksikatorju in stehta.
Transfer the specimen to the glass vessel specified in the appropriate section of the relevant Union method, reweigh the weighing bottle immediately and obtain the dry mass of the specimen by difference.
Primerek se prenese v stekleno posodo, določeno v primernem oddelku ustrezne metode Unije, nato se tehtič ponovno stehta in iz razlike izračuna suha masa primerka.
Complete the test as specified in the appropriate section of the applicable method.
Preskušanje se zaključi skladno z navodili iz ustreznega oddelka metode, ki se uporablja.
Examine the residue microscopically to check that the treatment has in fact completely removed the soluble fibre.
Preostanek se pregleda z mikroskopom, da se ugotovi ali je bilo topno vlakno popolnoma odstranjeno z obdelavo.
CALCULATION AND EXPRESSION OF RESULTS
IZRAČUN IN PODAJANJE REZULTATOV
Express the mass of the insoluble component as a percentage of the total mass of fibre in the mixture.
Masa netopne komponente se izrazi kot odstotek skupne mase vlakna v mešanici.
The percentage of soluble component is obtained by difference.
Odstotek topne komponente se izračuna iz razlike.
Calculate the results on the basis of clean, dry mass, adjusted by (a) the agreed allowances and (b) the correction factors necessary to take account of loss of matter during pre-treatment and analysis.
Rezultati se izračunajo na podlagi absolutno suhe mase, z upoštevanjem (a) dogovorjenih dodatkov in (b) korekcijskih faktorjev, ki jih je treba upoštevati zaradi izgube mase med predobdelavo in analizo.
Calculations shall be made by applying the formula given in I.8.2.
Pri izračunih se uporabljajo enačbe, podane v točki I.8.2.
Calculation of percentage of insoluble component on clean, dry mass basis, disregarding loss of fibre mass during pre-treatment:
Izračun odstotka netopne komponente na podlagi mase absolutno suhih vlaken, neupoštevajoč izgubo mase vlaken med predobdelavo
is the percentage of clean, dry insoluble component,
absolutno suhe netopne komponente,
m is the dry mass of the test specimen after pre-treatment,
m masa absolutno suhega preskusnega primerka po predobdelavi,
r is the dry mass of the residue,
r masa absolutno suhega preostanka,
d is the correction factor for loss in mass of the insoluble component in the reagent during the analysis.
d korekcijski faktor mase netopne komponente zaradi izgube pri obdelavi z reagentom med analizo.
Suitable values for ‘d’ are given in the relevant section of each method.
Ustrezne vrednosti „d“ so podane v ustreznih oddelkih posameznih metod.
Of course, these values for ‘d’ are the normal values applicable to chemically undegraded fibres.
Vrednosti za „d“ so običajne vrednosti, ki se uporabijo pri kemično nerazgrajenih vlaknih.
Calculation of percentage of insoluble component on clean, dry mass basis, with adjustment by conventional factors and, where appropriate, correction factors for loss of mass during pre-treatment:
Izračun odstotka netopne komponente na podlagi mase absolutno suhih vlaken, upoštevajoč dogovorjene faktorje in po potrebi korekcijske faktorje za izgubo mase vlaken med predobdelavo
is the percentage of insoluble component adjusted by agreed allowances and for loss in mass during pre-treatment,
odstotek netopne komponente, korigiran z dogovorjenimi dodatki in s korekcijskimi faktorji izgube mase med predobdelavo,
is the percentage of clean dry insoluble component as calculated from the formula shown in I.8.1,
odstotek absolutno suhe netopne komponente, izračunane s pomočjo enačbe iz točke I.8.1,
is the agreed allowance for the insoluble component (see Annex IX),
dogovorjeni dodatek za netopno komponento (glej Prilogo IX),
is the agreed allowance for the soluble component (see Annex IX),
dogovorjeni dodatek za topno komponento (glej Prilogo IX),
is the percentage loss of insoluble component caused by pre-treatment,
odstotek izgube mase netopne komponente, ki jo povzroči predobdelava,
is the percentage loss of soluble component caused by pre-treatment.
odstotek izgube mase topne komponente, ki jo povzroči predobdelava.
The percentage of the second component is P2A % = 100 – P1A %.
Odstotek druge komponente se izračuna iz enačbe P2A % = 100 – P1A%.
Where a special pre-treatment has been used, the values of b1 and b2 shall be determined, if possible, by submitting each of the pure fibre constituents to the pre-treatment applied in the analysis.
Kadar je bila uporabljena posebna predobdelava, se vrednosti b1 in b2 določita tako, da se vsaka od čistih vlaknatih komponent predobdela na način, ki je uporabljen v analizi.
Pure fibres are those free from all non-fibrous material except that which they normally contain (either naturally or because of the manufacturing process), in the state (unbleached, bleached) in which they are found in the material to be analysed.
Čista vlakna so vlakna brez nevlaknatih snovi razen tistih, ki jih običajno vsebujejo (bodisi so naravno prisotne ali dodane v proizvodnem procesu), in v stanju (nebeljena, beljena), v katerem so prisotna v materialu, ki se analizira.
Where no clean separate constituent fibres used in the manufacture of the material to be analysed are available, average values of b1 and b2 as obtained from tests performed on clean fibres similar to those in the mixture under examination, shall be used.
Kadar posamezne čiste vlaknate komponente, uporabljene pri izdelavi materiala, ki se analizira, niso na voljo, je treba uporabiti povprečne vrednosti b1 in b2, dobljene na osnovi preskusov, opravljenih na čistih vlaknih, podobnih vlaknom v mešanici, ki se jo preiskuje.
If normal pre-treatment by extraction with light petroleum and water is applied, correction factors b1 and b2 may generally be ignored, except in the case of unbleached cotton, unbleached flax (or linen) and unbleached hemp, where the loss due to the pre-treatment is conventionally taken as 4 %, and in the case of polypropylene, where it is taken as 1 %.
Pri običajni predobdelavi z ekstrakcijo s petroletrom in vodo se korekcijska faktorja b1 in b2 v glavnem lahko zanemarita, razen v primeru nebeljenega bombaža, nebeljenega lanu in nebeljene konoplje, kjer velja, da je izguba zaradi predobdelave navadno 4 %, v primeru polipropilena pa 1 %.
In the case of other fibres, losses due to the pre-treatment are conventionally disregarded in calculations.
Pri izračunih za druga vlakna se izgube zaradi predobdelave običajno zanemarijo.
Method of quantitative analysis by manual separation
Metoda kvantitativne analize z ročnim ločevanjem
This method is applicable to textile fibres of all types provided they do not form an intimate mixture and that it is possible to separate them by hand.
Ta metoda se uporablja za tekstilna vlakna vseh vrst pod pogojem, da ne tvorijo intimne mešanice in da jih je mogoče ločiti ročno.
After identification of the constituents of the textile, the non-fibrous material is removed by suitable pre-treatment and then the fibres are separated by hand, dried and weighed in order to calculate the proportion of each fibre in the mixture.
Po razpoznavanju posameznih komponent tekstilije se z ustrezno predobdelavo odstranijo nevlaknate snovi, nato se vlakna ročno ločijo, posušijo in stehtajo. Sledi izračun odstotka posamezne vrste vlaken v mešanici.
Weighing bottle or any other apparatus giving identical results.
Tehtič ali druga oprema, ki daje enake rezultate.
Soxhlet extractor, or other apparatus giving an identical result.
Soxhlet aparat (aparat za ekstrakcijo) ali druga naprava, ki daje enake rezultate.
Needle.
Igla.
Twist tester or similar apparatus.
Torziometer ali podobna naprava.
See I.4.
Glej I.4.
See I.5.
Glej I.5.
PRE-TREATMENT OF LABORATORY TEST SAMPLE
PREDOBDELAVA LABORATORIJSKEGA PRESKUSNEGA VZORCA
See I.6.
Glej I.6.
Analysis of yarn
Analiza preje
Select from the pre-treatment laboratory test sample a specimen of mass not less than 1 g. For a very fine yarn, the analysis may be made on a minimum length of 30 m, whatever its mass.
Iz predobdelanega laboratorijskega preskusnega vzorca se odvzame preskusni primerek mase vsaj 1 g. Za analizo zelo fine preje zadošča že minimalna dolžina 30 metrov ne glede na maso primerka.
Cut the yarn into pieces of a suitable length and separate the fibre types by means of a needle and, if necessary, a twist tester.
Preja se razreže na kose primerne dolžine, posamezne vrste vlaken se ločijo z iglo in po potrebi s torziometrom. Tako dobljene posamezne vrste vlaken se prenesejo v predhodno stehtane tehtiče.
The fibre types so obtained are placed in pre-weighed weighing bottles and dried at 105 ± 3 °C until a constant mass is obtained, as described in I.7.1 and I.7.2.
Sledi sušenje pri temperaturi 105 ± 3 °C vse do konstantne mase, kot je opisano v I.7.1 in I.7.2.
Analysis of cloth
Analiza blaga
Express the mass of each fibre constituent as a percentage of the total mass of the fibres in the mixture.
Masa vsake vlaknate komponente se izrazi kot odstotek skupne mase vlaken v mešanici.
Calculate the results on the basis of clean, dry mass, adjusted by (a) the agreed allowances and (b) the correction factors necessary to take account of loss of matter during pre-treatment.
Rezultati se izračunajo na podlagi absolutno suhe mase, z upoštevanjem (a) dogovorjenih dodatkov in (b) korekcijskih faktorjev, ki jih je treba upoštevati zaradi izgube mase med predobdelavo.
Calculation of percentage masses of clean, dry fibre, disregarding loss of fibre mass during pre-treatment:
Izračun odstotkov mas absolutno suhih vlaken, neupoštevajoč izgubo mase vlaken med predobdelavo:
is the percentage of the first clean, dry component,
je odstotek prve absolutno suhe komponente,
is the clean, dry mass of the first component,
je masa prve absolutno suhe komponente,
is the clean, dry mass of the second component.
je masa druge absolutno suhe komponente.
For calculation of the percentage of each component with adjustment by agreed allowances and, where appropriate, by correction factors for loss of matter during pre-treatment, see I.8.2.
Za izračun odstotka posameznih komponent z upoštevanjem dogovorjenih dodatkov in po potrebi korekcijskih faktorjev zaradi izgube mase med predobdelavo glej I.8.2.
PRECISION OF THE METHODS
NATANČNOST METOD
The precision indicated in individual methods relates to the reproducibility.
Natančnost, ki je navedena pri vsaki metodi, se nanaša na njihovo ponovljivost.
The reproducibility refers to the reliability, i.e. the closeness of agreement between experimental values obtained by operators in different laboratories or at different times using the same method and obtaining individual results on specimens of an identical consistent mixture.
Ponovljivost se nanaša na zanesljivost metode, torej sovpadanje preskusnih vrednosti, ki so jih izvajalci preskusov pridobili z uporabo iste metode na preskusnih primerkih iz iste homogene mešanice v različnih laboratorijih ali ob različnih časovnih terminih.
The reproducibility is expressed by confidence limits of the results for a confidence level of 95 %.
Ponovljivost se izrazi z intervalom zaupanja rezultatov pri 95 % statističnem zaupanju.
Therefore, the difference between two results in a series of analyses made in different laboratories would, given a normal and correct application of the method to an identical and consistent mixture, exceed the confidence limit only in five cases out of 100.
To pomeni, da bo razlika med dvema rezultatoma v seriji analiz, izvedenih v različnih laboratorijih, ob normalni in pravilni uporabi metode na identični in homogeni mešanici, presegla interval zaupanja le v petih od 100 primerov.
State that the analysis was conducted in accordance with this method.
Navedba, da je bila analiza izvedena v skladu s to metodo.
Give details of any special pre-treatment (see I.6).
Navedba podatkov o kakršni koli posebni predobdelavi (glej I.6).
Give the individual results and the arithmetic mean, each to an accuracy of 0,1.
Navedba posameznih rezultatov in aritmetične srednje vrednosti, vsake z natančnostjo 0,1.
Special methods
Posebne metode
Summary Table
Zbirna tabela
Reagent/Description
Reagent/opis
Certain other fibres
določena druga vlakna
Viscose, cupro or certain types of modal
viskoza, bakro ali določena vrsta modalnih vlaken
Dichloromethane
metilen klorid
Acrylics, certain modacrylics or certain chlorofibres
akril, določena modakrilna vlakna ali določena klorovlakna