natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
This Act represents an industrial policy guideline that along with the Directory Catalogue shows how the GOC maintains a policy of encouraging and supporting groups of enterprises or industries, such as the paper industry, classified by the Directory Catalogue as an ‘Encouraged industry’.
Ta akt je smernica za industrijsko politiko, ki skupaj s kataloškim seznamom kaže, da kitajska vlada vzdržuje politiko spodbujanja in podpiranja skupin podjetij ali industrij, kot je papirna industrija, ki jih kataloški seznam uvršča med „spodbujano industrijo“.
With respect to the number of industries listed as ‘Encouraged’ it is noted that there are in total 26, representing only a portion of the Chinese economy.
Glede števila industrij, navedenih kot „spodbujane“, je treba omeniti, da jih je skupno 26 in pomenijo samo del kitajskega gospodarstva.
Furthermore, only certain activities within these 26 sectors are given ‘encouraged’ status.
Poleg tega imajo v teh 26 sektorjih samo določene dejavnosti status „spodbujanih“ dejavnosti.
Decision No 40 also stipulates under Article 17 that the ‘Encouraged investment projects’ shall benefit from specific privileges and incentives (financial support, import duty exemption, VAT exemption, tax exemption).
Člen 17 sklepa št. 40 določa tudi, da so „spodbujani investicijski projekti“ upravičeni do posebnih ugodnosti in spodbud (finančna podpora, oprostitev uvozne dajatve, oprostitev DDV, oprostitev davka).
On the other hand, with reference to the ‘Restrictive and Eliminated Projects’, Decision No 40 empowers the state authorities to intervene directly to regulate the market.
Po drugi strani sklep št. 40 v zvezi z „omejenimi in izključenimi projekti“ pooblašča državne organe, da neposredno posredujejo in urejajo trg.
In fact, Articles 18 and 19 ask the relevant authority to stop financial institutions from supplying loans; they also order the State price administrative department to raise the electricity price and instruct the electricity supply companies to stop supplying electricity to such ‘Restrictive and Eliminated Projects’.
Pravzaprav člena 18 in 19 od ustreznih organov zahtevata, da finančnim ustanovam preprečijo dodeljevanje posojil; prav tako upravnemu oddelku za državne cene odrejata, naj dvigne cene električne energije, in podjetjem za dobavo električne energije dajeta navodila, da prenehajo z dobavo električne energije takim „omejenim in izključenim projektom“.
It is obvious from the above that Decision No 40 provides binding rules to all the economic institutions in the form of directives on the promotion and support of encouraged industries, one of which is the paper making industry.
Iz navedenega je očitno, da sklep št. 40 določa obvezujoče predpise za vse gospodarske ustanove v obliki usmeritev glede spodbujanja in podpore spodbujanih industrij, ena izmed teh pa je industrija za izdelavo papirja.
The 2007 Papermaking Plan provides specific conditions, orientations and targets for the papermaking industry.
Glede načrta za industrijo za izdelavo papirja 2007 je treba opozoriti, da predpisuje posebne pogoje, usmeritve in cilje za industrijo za izdelavo papirja.
It describes the state of the papermaking industry in China (e.g. number of enterprises, production, consumption and exports, statistics on the type of raw materials used).
Opisuje položaj industrije za izdelavo papirja na Kitajskem (npr. število podjetij, proizvodnjo, potrošnjo in izvoz, statistiko o vrsti uporabljanih surovin).
It sets out the policies and goals for the papermaking industry with respect to the industrial layout, the use of raw materials, the use of technology and equipment, the product structure and the organizational structure of the papermaking producers.
Določa politike in cilje industrije za izdelavo papirja v zvezi z industrijsko postavitvijo, uporabo surovin, uporabo tehnologije in opreme, strukturo izdelka in organizacijsko strukturo proizvajalcev papirja.
The text also sets industry ‘admission criteria’, as it lays down specific assets/liability ratio requirements for the papermaking industry, sets specific credit ratings for the papermaking industry and specific targets for economies of scale, market share ratios, energy and water consumption to be achieved or attained by companies.
Besedilo določa tudi „merila za sprejem“ industrije, saj predpisuje posebne zahteve glede razmerja med obveznostmi in sredstvi za industrijo za izdelavo papirja, določa posebne bonitetne ocene za industrijo za izdelavo papirja in posebne cilje za ekonomije obsega, razmerja med tržnimi deleži in porabo energije in vode, ki jih morajo doseči podjetja.
In this respect it is pertinent to note that the Plan clearly states that financial institutions shall not provide loans for any project which does not comply with its regulations.
S tem v zvezi je primerno opozoriti, da načrt jasno navaja, da finančne ustanove ne smejo zagotoviti posojil projektom, ki niso v skladu z njegovimi predpisi.
In sum it is clear from the reading of the text and the wording used that the 2007 Papermaking Plan is a specific state instrument aimed at regulating the papermaking industry in China and can only be considered as a compulsory industrial policy tool that has to be concretely implemented by relevant interested parties in China (state authorities, financial institutions and producers).
Če povzamemo, pri branju besedila in iz načina ubeseditve je jasno, da je načrt za industrijo za izdelavo papirja 2007 poseben državni instrument, namenjen urejanju industrije za izdelavo papirja na Kitajskem, in se ga lahko šteje samo za obvezni instrument industrijske politike, ki ga morajo ustrezne zainteresirane strani na Kitajskem (državni organi, finančne ustanove in proizvajalci) dejansko izvajati.
The GOC argued that the 2007 Papermaking Plan is to be considered a guideline plan without binding force.
Kitajska vlada je trdila, da je treba načrt za industrijo za izdelavo papirja 2007 šteti za usmerjevalni načrt, ki ni pravno zavezujoč.
It was also submitted that in the same context none of the government plans and projects are legally binding and as a result no financial contribution or benefit can be granted in the framework of such plans and projects.
Navedla je tudi, da v tem okviru noben vladni načrt in projekt ni pravno zavezujoč in zaradi tega v okviru takih načrtov in projektov ni mogoče dodeliti nobenega finančnega prispevka ali ugodnosti.
However, a simple reading of the text on the 2007 Papermaking Plan and its above-stated specific provisions reveals that the text cannot be considered as a non-binding guideline.
Vendar je že iz besedila načrta za industrijo za izdelavo papirja 2007 in navedenih posebnih določb razvidno, da besedila ni mogoče šteti za nezavezujočo smernico.
In this respect it is noted that the 2007 Papermaking Plan text inter alia reads ‘The industrial development policy is formulated based on the requirements of perfecting the reform of the socialist market economy and the related laws and regulations, so as to establish a fair market order and good development environment, solve the issues existing in the development of papermaking industry and direct the healthy development of the industry’.
S tem v zvezi je treba opozoriti, da načrt za industrijo za izdelavo papirja 2007 med drugim navaja: „Industrijska razvojna politika je oblikovana na podlagi zahtev glede izpopolnitve reforme socialističnega tržnega gospodarstva ter s tem povezanih zakonov in predpisov, da se vzpostavita pravičen tržni red in dobro razvojno okolje, rešijo vprašanja glede razvoja industrije za izdelavo papirja in usmerja zdrav razvoj industrije“.
With respect to the remaining plans and projects as listed under recital (64) above it is noted that at least one refers to an implementing circular of the 11th Five Year Plan.
Glede ostalih načrtov in projektov, navedenih v uvodni izjavi (64), je treba opozoriti, da se vsaj en nanaša na okrožnico o izvajanju 11. petletnega načrta.
It is difficult to understand how an allegedly non-legally binding document (a government plan) can have a legally binding implementing act (in this case a circular of the State Council).
Težko je razumeti, kako lahko ima domnevno pravno nezavezujoč dokument (vladni načrt) pravno zavezujoč izvedbeni akt (v tem primeru okrožnico državnega sveta).
In addition, Article 34 of the Law on Commercial Banks [2003] No. 13 states that banks ‘carry out their loan business upon the needs of the national economy and the social development and under the guidance of the state industrial policy’.
Poleg tega člen 34 Zakona o komercialnih bankah [2003] št. 13 navaja, da banke „izvajajo svoje posojilno poslovanje na podlagi potreb nacionalnega gospodarstva in socialnega razvoja ter pod vodstvom državne industrijske politike“.
The role of the National Development and Reform Commission (‘NDRC’) was also investigated.
Vloga Komisije za nacionalni razvoj in reforme (NDRC) je bila prav tako preiskana.
It was submitted by the GOC that the NDRC is an agency of the State Council coordinating macro-economic policy and managing the Government investments.
Kitajska vlada je navedla, da je NDRC agencija državnega sveta, ki usklajuje makroekonomsko politiko in upravlja naložbe vlade.
The only explanation provided by the GOC was that the State Council, the highest governmental administrative body, gives the instructions which the NDRC has to follow and that in any event this information is irrelevant to the investigation.
Edina razlaga, ki jo je predložila kitajska vlada, je bila, da državni svet, najvišji vladni upravni organ, daje navodila, ki jih mora agencija NDRC izpolnjevati, in da v vsakem primeru te informacije za preiskavo niso pomembne.
The statutes of the authority that issues government plans are considered relevant to the investigation, in view of the fact that government plans and projects are under investigation in these proceedings.
Statut organa, ki objavlja vladne načrte, je glede na to, da se v tem postopku preiskuje vladne načrte in projekte, pomemben za preiskavo.
The Commission also enquired about the reasons why the NDRC collects, on a permanent basis, detailed information from companies.
Komisijo je tudi zanimalo, zakaj agencija NDRC redno zbira podrobne podatke od podjetij.
The GOC clarified that the information could be collected through industrial associations and other public sources.
Kitajska vlada je pojasnila, da je te informacije mogoče zbrati prek industrijskih združenj in drugih javnih virov.
Nevertheless, the existence of a systematic mechanism to collect company related data to be used in government plans and projects reveals that these plans and project are considered as an important element of state industrial policy.
Kljub temu obstoj sistematičnega mehanizma za zbiranje podatkov, povezanih s podjetji, ki se uporabljajo v vladnih načrtih in projektih, kaže, da se ti načrti in projekti štejejo za pomemben element državne industrijske politike.
It follows from the above that any decision taken by financial institutions with respect to the papermaking industry would have to take into consideration the need to fulfil the goals of the relevant policy plans.
Iz navedenega sledi, da bi morala vsaka odločitev, ki jo finančne ustanove sprejmejo v zvezi z industrijo za izdelavo papirja, upoštevati potrebo po uresničitvi ciljev ustreznih načrtov politike.
Indeed, companies qualified by these specific policy plans as ‘Encouraged industries’ are considered of high credit rating, something that has direct consequences on the assessment of the creditworthiness by the Chinese financial system.
Dejansko se za podjetja, ki jih ti posebni načrti politike uvrščajo med „spodbujane industrije“, šteje, da imajo visoko bonitetno oceno, kar neposredno vpliva na oceno kreditne sposobnosti s strani kitajskega finančnega sistema.
Furthermore, from examining the specific financing section of the 2007 Papermaking Plan and a credit rating note that was made available from one co-operating exporting producer it is obvious that the Chinese state planning system directs banks to provide loans to the papermaking industry and companies are considered of high credit rating because they qualify for specific policy plans.
Poleg tega je ob pregledu posebnega oddelka o financiranju iz načrta za industrijo za izdelavo papirja 2007 in sporočila o bonitetni oceni, ki ga je dal na voljo en sodelujoči proizvajalec izvoznik, očitno, da kitajski sistem državnega načrtovanja bankam nalaga zagotavljanje posojil industriji za izdelavo papirja in da se za podjetja šteje, da imajo visoko bonitetno oceno, ker izpolnjujejo pogoje za posebne načrte politike.
It is pertinent to note that the particular credit rating note obtained during the investigation directly links the positive future prospects of the company with the existence of the papermaking policy plans and the fulfilment of their objectives.
Primerno je opozoriti, da omenjeno sporočilo o bonitetni oceni, ki je bilo pridobljeno med preiskavo, neposredno povezuje pozitivne prihodnje možnosti podjetja z obstojem načrtov politike za industrijo za izdelavo papirja in izpolnitvijo njihovih ciljev.
There is also evidence that the State authorities monitor the performance of companies as they examine annually their business licenses and retain in this way financial and performance statistics.
Obstajajo tudi dokazi, da državni organi spremljajo uspešnost podjetij, saj letno preverjajo njihova dovoljenja za poslovanje ter na tak način pridobijo finančne statistične podatke in statistične podatke o uspešnosti.
Furthermore, there is also evidence, derived from information submitted from co-operating exporting producers, that the PBOC monitors, in line with the provisions of Article 9 of the Regulation on Registration and Consultation of Banks, the loan situation of companies through the annual examination of the loans companies avail themselves of each year.
Poleg tega iz informacij, ki so jih predložili sodelujoči proizvajalci izvozniki, izhajajo tudi dokazi, da Ljudska banka Kitajske v skladu s členom 9 Uredbe o registraciji in posvetovanju bank s pomočjo letnega pregleda posojil, ki jih vsako leto izkoristijo podjetja, spremlja posojilno stanje podjetij.
All the above facts demonstrate the link between the specific policy plans and the financing of the papermaking industry.
Vsa navedena dejstva kažejo na povezavo med posebnimi načrti politike in financiranjem industrije za izdelavo papirja.
Government intervention in the banking sector
Posegi države v bančni sektor
In addition, the investigation has established that the Chinese financial market is characterised by government intervention because most of the major banks are state-owned.
Poleg tega je preiskava pokazala, da je za kitajski finančni trg značilno poseganje vlade, saj je večina velikih bank v državni lasti.
The Chinese authorities have provided only very limited information concerning shareholding/ownership of banks in China.
Kitajski organi so predložili samo nekaj zelo omejenih informacij glede delnic/lastništva bank na Kitajskem.
However, as further outlined below, the Commission compiled available information in order to arrive at a representative finding.
Vendar je, kot je opisano v nadaljevanju, Komisija zbrala vse razpoložljive informacije, da bi prišla do reprezentativne ugotovitve.
In performing its analysis whether banks are entities vested with or exercising government authority the Commission also sought information concerning not only the government ownership of the banks but also other characteristics such as the government presence on the board of directors, the government control over activities, the pursuit of government policies or interests and whether entities were created by statute.
Pri izvajanju analize, ali so banke pooblaščene za izvajanje ali izvajajo vladna pooblastila, je Komisija poleg informacij o vladnem lastništvu bank zbirala informacije tudi o drugih značilnostih, kot so prisotnost vlade v upravnem odboru, vladni nadzor nad dejavnostmi, upoštevanje vladnih politik ali interesov in ali so subjekti ustanovljeni s statutom.
From the available information it is concluded that the state-owned banks in China command the highest market share and are the predominant players in the Chinese financial market; according to the 2006 Deutsche Bank Research on China's banking sector, the state-owned banks’ share may amount to more than 2/3 of the Chinese market.
Iz razpoložljivih informacij je bilo ugotovljeno, da državne banke na Kitajskem obvladujejo največji tržni delež in so prevladujoči udeleženci na kitajskem finančnem trgu; glede na raziskavo Deutsche Bank o kitajskem bančnem sektorju iz leta 2006 lahko delež državnih bank znaša več kot 2/3 kitajskega trga.
For the same matter the WTO Trade Policy Review of China noted that ‘The high degree of state ownership is another notable feature of the financial sector in China’ [5].
Glede tega je bilo s pregledom trgovinske politike Kitajske, ki ga je izvedla STO, ugotovljeno, da „je visoka stopnja državnega lastništva še ena pomembna značilnost finančnega sektorja na Kitajskem“ [5].
It is pertinent to note that the four big state-owned banks (Agricultural Bank, Bank of China, Construction Bank and Industrial and Commercial Bank) appear to represent more than half of the Chinese banking sector.
Primerno je opozoriti, da štiri velike državne banke (Kmetijska banka, Banka Kitajske, Konstrukcijska banka ter Industrijska in poslovna banka) zavzemajo več kot polovico kitajskega bančnega sektorja.
Policy banks and other state-owned banks are more than 50 % state-owned.
Politične banke (Policy banks) in druge državne banke so več kot v 50-odstotni državni lasti.
The Commission also requested information concerning the structure of government control in those Chinese banks and the pursuit of government policies or interests with respect to the Papermaking industry (i.e. board of directors and board of shareholders, minutes of shareholders/directors meetings, nationality of shareholders/directors, lending policies and assessment of risk with respect to loans provided to the cooperating exporting producers).
Komisija je zahtevala tudi informacije glede strukture vladnega nadzora v omenjenih kitajskih bankah in upoštevanja vladnih politik ali interesov v zvezi z industrijo za izdelavo papirja (tj. upravnega odbora in odbora delničarjev, zapisnikov sestankov delničarjev/članov uprave, nacionalnosti delničarjev/članov uprave, posojilnih politik in ocene tveganja glede posojil, ki so bila dodeljena sodelujočim proizvajalcem izvoznikom).
Nevertheless, neither the GOC nor the banks provided such information.
Kljub temu kitajska vlada ali banke teh informacij niso zagotovile.
They only repeatedly referred to information in the Annual reports of the banks they had submitted.
Namesto tega so se samo vedno znova sklicevale na letna poročila bank, ki so jih predložile.
However, the information in the Annual reports of banks did not (and cannot) contain the required level of detailed information.
Vendar pa informacije v letnih poročilih bank niso vsebovale (in ne morejo vsebovati) zahtevanih podrobnih informacij.
Consequently, the Commission had to use the information available.
Zato je morala Komisija uporabiti razpoložljive informacije.
It concluded on the basis of the available data that those banks are controlled by the government and exercise government authority in a manner that their actions can be attributed to the State.
Na podlagi razpoložljivih informacij je sklenila, da omenjene banke nadzoruje vlada in da banke izvajajo vladna pooblastila na način, ki omogoča, da se njihova dejanja pripiše vladi.
The relevant data used in order to arrive at the aforesaid findings is derived from information submitted by the GOC, the annual reports of Chinese banks that were either submitted from GOC or publicly available, information retrieved from the 2006 Deutsche Bank Research on China's banking sector, information submitted from the co-operating exporting producers and information existing in the complaint.
Ustrezni podatki, ki so bili uporabljeni za pridobitev navedenih ugotovitev, izhajajo iz informacij, ki jih je predložila kitajska vlada, letnih poročil kitajskih bank, ki jih je predložila kitajska vlada ali pa so javno dostopna, informacij iz raziskave Deutsche Bank o kitajskem bančnem sektorju iz leta 2006, informacij, ki so jih predložili sodelujoči proizvajalci izvozniki, in informacij iz pritožbe.
As for foreign banks, independent sources estimate that they represent a minor part of the Chinese banking sector and consequently play an insignificant role in policy lending; with relevant information suggesting that this may represent as little as 1 % of the Chinese market [6].
Glede tujih bank neodvisni viri ocenjujejo, da pomenijo majhen del kitajskega bančnega sektorja in imajo zanemarljivo vlogo v posojilni politiki, na podlagi ustreznih informacij pa je mogoče sklepati, da lahko ta znaša tudi samo 1 % kitajskega trga [6].
Relevant public available information also confirms that Chinese banks, particularly the large commercial banks, still rely on state-owned shareholders and the government for replenishment of capital when there is a lack of capital adequacy as result of credit expansion [7].
Ustrezne javno dostopne informacije potrjujejo tudi, da se kitajske banke, zlasti velike komercialne banke, za obnovitev kapitala v primeru pomanjkanja kapitalske ustreznosti zaradi povečevanja posojil še vedno zanašajo na delničarje v državni lasti in vlado [7].
With respect to the banks that provided loans to the co-operating exporting producers, the great majority are state-owned banks.
Banke, ki so sodelujočim proizvajalcem izvoznikom zagotavljale posojila, so večinoma v državni lasti.
Indeed on the basis of the available information it was found that at least 13 out of the 19 reported banks are state-owned banks, including two Policy banks (Export-Import Bank of China, the China Development Bank) and the major Commercial banks in China like Agricultural Bank of China, Bank of China, China Construction Bank and Industrial and Commercial Bank of China.With respect to the remaining state-owned banks, again the Commission requested the same information mentioned above concerning the government control and the pursuit of government policies or interests with respect to the Papermaking industry.
Dejansko je bilo na podlagi razpoložljivih informacij ugotovljeno, da je vsaj 13 od 19 evidentiranih bank v državni lasti, vključno z dvema političnima bankama (Kitajsko izvozno-uvozno banko in Kitajsko razvojno banko) in velikimi komercialnimi bankami, kot so Kitajska kmetijska banka, Banka Kitajske, Kitajska konstrukcijska banka ter Kitajska industrijska in poslovna banka.Glede ostalih državnih bank je Komisija prav tako zahtevala enake informacije, kot so navedene zgoraj, v zvezi z vladnim nadzorom in upoštevanjem vladnih politik ali interesov glede industrije za izdelavo papirja.
Again, no such detailed information was provided apart from a repeated claim to refer to information in the relevant Annual reports of the banks which in the majority of cases was only in Chinese and without any English translation.
Te podrobne informacije prav tako niso bile predložene, predloženo je bilo samo ponovno napotilo na informacije v ustreznih letnih poročilih bank, ki pa je bilo v večini primerov samo v kitajščini in brez angleškega prevoda.
However, information in the Annual reports of banks cannot provide the required level of detailed information.
Vendar pa informacije v letnih poročilih bank ne morejo zagotoviti zahtevanih podrobnih informacij.
With respect to the Policy banks, the investigation established that there are no clear legal provisions regulating their role and their relationship with the government.
Glede političnih bank je preiskava pokazala, da ni nobenih jasnih pravnih določb, ki bi urejale njihovo vlogo in povezavo z vlado.
Nonetheless, according to statements made by the GOC during the on-the-spot verification it appears that Policy banks supported government policies in China and are not operating for profit.
Primerno pa je tudi opozoriti, da se v skladu s trditvami kitajske vlade med preverjanjem na kraju samem zdi, da politične banke podpirajo vladne politike na Kitajskem in ne delujejo zaradi dobička.