natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
OSB was invented in the 1950s in North America.
OSB-plošča je bila razvita v petdesetih letih prejšnjega stoletja v Severni Ameriki.
During the 1980s and 1990s it has gained wide acceptance in the wood panel market and was used as a substitute for the more expensive (softwood) plywood.
V osemdesetih in devetdesetih letih se je uveljavila na trgu lesnih plošč in se od takrat pogosto uporablja kot nadomestek za drag vezan les (iz mehkega lesa).
Relevant market
Upoštevni trg
According to point 7.6 of the MSF 1998, the relevant product market(s) compromises the products envisaged by the investment project and, where appropriate, its substitutes considered by the consumer (by reason of the products’ characteristics, their prices and their intended use) or by the producer (through flexibility of the product installations).
Upoštevni proizvodni trg v skladu s točko 7.6 okvira MSR 1998 obsega proizvode naložbenega projekta in proizvode, ki jih potrošnik (zaradi posebnih lastnosti proizvodov, njihove cene in predvidene uporabe) ali proizvajalec (na podlagi prožnosti proizvodnih objektov) šteje za njihove nadomestke.
The relevant geographical market compromises usually the EEA or, alternatively, any significant part of it if the conditions of competition in that area can be sufficiently distinguished from other areas of the EEA.
Geografski upoštevni trg načeloma vključuje EGP ali v nasprotnem primeru njegov velik del, če se konkurenčne razmere na tem območju močno razlikujejo od razmer na drugih območjih EGP.
As mentioned above, the project concerns the production of OSB and particle board.
Projekt se nanaša na proizvodnjo OSB-plošč in ivernih plošč.
According to the German authorities, the production facilities do not allow to produce distinct products but only variations of the same products, i.e. with a different surface quality.
Nemčija navaja, da v proizvodnih objektih ni mogoče izdelovati več različnih proizvodov, ampak zgolj predelave istega proizvoda z različno kakovostnimi površinami.
The German authorities thus argue that, from the manufacturing point of view, substitution at the production side through flexibility of the production installations should be excluded.
Posledično je mogoče z vidika proizvodnje izključiti zamenjavo na podlagi prožnosti proizvodnih naprav.
At the demand side, particle board and OSB are to a certain extent substitutable, namely in the field of prefabricated building industry.
Na strani povpraševanja so iverne plošče in OSB-plošče do določene stopnje vendarle medsebojno zamenljive, zlasti pri gradnji montažnih hiš.
However, the substitution between particle board and OSB seems to be very limited as it would be less than 10 % of the market size [17]. This limited substitution seems to be due to the differentiation in end-uses and the significant price difference (EUR 285/m3 for OSB to EUR 117/m3 for particle board).
Ta zamenjava pa obsega manj kot 10 % velikosti trga in jo je treba zato obravnavati kot omejeno [17], kar je mogoče očitno pojasniti z različnimi načini končne uporabe in veliko razliko v ceni (OSB-plošče stanejo 285 EUR/m3 in iverne plošče 117 EUR/m3).
The Commission considers that this is too marginal to justify that OSB and particle board would be assigned to the same product market.
Po mnenju Komisije je možnost zamenjave tako premajhna, da bi bila upravičena uvrstitev OSB-plošč in ivernih plošč na isti trg.
In its decision to initiate the procedure laid down in Article 108(2) of the TFEU, the Commission considered that particle board constituted a separate product market.
V svojem sklepu za začetek postopka v skladu s členom 108(2) PDEU je Komisija trdila, da iverne plošče oblikujejo ločen proizvodni trg.
Since this finding has not been contested, the Commission concludes that for the purposes of this assessment particle board constitutes a relevant product market on its own.
Ker ni o tem mnenju nihče izrazil dvoma, Komisija ugotavlja, da se iverne plošče za namene te ocene štejejo za samostojni upoštevni proizvodni trg.
As regards OSB, the decision to initiate the procedure laid down in Article 108(2) of the TFEU indicated that substitution to a certain extent seems to exists in the EEA between OSB and (certain types/segments of) plywood.
V zvezi z OSB-ploščami je bilo s sklepom o začetku postopka v skladu s členom 108(2) PDEU ugotovljeno, da je mogoče v EGP med seboj zamenjati OSB-plošče in (določene vrste/kategorije) vezanega lesa.
Plywood is a versatile polymer wood composite.
Vezan les je lesni polimerni sestavljen proizvod, ki ga je mogoče uporabljati na različne načine.
It is basically made up of an uneven number of thin layers of wood called veneer joined together by a synthetic or natural adhesive.
V bistvu je sestavljen iz lihega števila tankih lesenih plasti, ki so s sintetičnimi ali naravnimi lepili povezane v posamezne plasti.
There exist softwood plywood and hardwood plywood.
Obstaja vezan les iz mehkega in trdega lesa.
As the name suggests, one sort of plywood is made of softwood (which means made of trees [fir, pine, spruce, hemlock] characterized by its needles and being for the most part evergreen; the term does not refer to the hardness of the wood) and the other sort of hardwood (which means made of the botanical group of trees that have broad leaves, produce a fruit or nut, and generally go dormant in the winter).
Mehek les imajo (pretežno) vedno zeleni iglavci (pojem se ne nanaša na trdoto lesa), kot so jelka, smreka in bor, trd les pa drevesa s širokimi listi, ki imajo plodove ali oreške in pozimi večinoma ne rastejo.
Because of the doubts as to the extent of substitutability of OSB and different types/segments of plywood, the Commission invited interested parties to comment on the relevant market to which OSB belongs.
Da bi razjasnila stopnjo možnosti za zamenjavo OSB-plošč z različnimi vrstami/kategorijami vezanega lesa, je Komisija zainteresirane strani zaprosila, naj predložijo svoje pripombe v zvezi z razmejitvijo trga, na katerega spadajo OSB-plošče.
The comments received from Germany and one of the aid beneficiary’s main competitors, i.e. the KronoGroup point to the same relevant market which comprises OSB and plywood in the end-use applications of packaging, hoarding, roofing, flooring and sheathing/walls.
Na podlagi predloženih pripomb Nemčije in skupine KronoGroup, enega najpomembnejših konkurentov upravičenca, je mogoče ugotoviti, da upoštevni trg obsega OSB-plošče in iverne plošče v končni uporabi za pakiranje, ograje, ostrešje, talne obloge ter notranje in stenske opaže.
It is only in these end use applications that a substitution potential of more than 50 % exists between OSB and plywood.
Samo pri tovrstni končni uporabi znaša možnost za zamenljivost OSB-plošč z vezanim lesom več kot 50 %.
Due to different performance criteria in the transport (strength/weight) and also the appearance markets (furniture), the substitution potential is very limited (less than 20 %).
Po drugi strani pa je zaradi različnih lastnosti materiala potencial zamenljivosti pri transportnih vozilih (razmerje med močjo in težo) in v pohištveni industriji (optična kakovost) zelo majhen (manj kot 20 %).
These arguments and the degree of substitutability in the different end uses were supported by several studies prepared by Jaakko Pöyry [18].
Te trditve in stopnja zamenljivosti glede na končno uporabo so bile potrjene s študijami Jaakkoja Pöyryja [18].
The above end-use applications almost the same as those of softwood plywood (the only difference being that softwood plywood is also widely used in a further application, i.e. formwork where OSB is not suitable).
Končne uporabe, navedene v točki 88, so skoraj enake končnim uporabam vezanega lesa iz mehkega lesa (edina razlika v primerjavi z OSB-ploščami je v tem, da se vezan les iz mehkega lesa uporablja tudi v gradbeništvu).
On the other hand, OSB and hardwood plywood do not substitute each other to the extent that they could be considered as belonging to the same relevant market.
Zamenljivost OSB-plošč z vezanim lesom iz trdega lesa ni dovolj velika, da bi upravičila uvrstitev na isti upoštevni trg.
Therefore, the Commission defines the relevant market to which OSB belongs as OSB and plywood in the end-use applications of packaging, hoarding, roofing, flooring and sheathing/walls, which to a very large extent corresponds to the market of OSB and softwood plywood.
Zato Komisija opredeljuje upoštevni trg, na katerega spadajo OSB-plošče, kot trg za OSB-plošče in vezan les v končni uporabi za pakiranje, ograje, ostrešje, talne obloge ter notranji in stenski opaž, ki se močno prekriva s trgom za OSB-plošče in vezan les iz mehkega lesa.
The relevant geographical market
Upoštevni geografski trg
Although a significant volume of wood boards is transported across international borders, boards are a bulky, heavy product.
Lesene plošče se v velikih količinah prevažajo čez mejo, vendar gre za nepraktičen in težak proizvod.
As a result it is generally too expensive to transport it over great distances, the transport radius being restricted to some 800 km.
Ker je tako prevoz na dolge razdalje praviloma predrag, je polmer prevoza omejen na približno 800 km.
The various supply areas can be seen as a series of overlapping circles with their centres at the production plant.
Posamezna območja dobave je mogoče opisati kot več prekrivajočih se krogov s posameznim proizvodnim obratom kot središčem.
Given the dispersion of the individual production plants and the various degrees of overlap for the natural supply areas, so that effects can be transmitted from one circle to another, it is appropriate to define the EEA as the relevant geographical market for both products concerned [19].
Ker so posamezni proizvodni obrati razkropljeni in se naravna območja dobave v različnem obsegu prekrivajo, se učinki deloma prenašajo iz enega kroga v drugega, torej je treba izhajati iz tega, da EGP za oba zadevna proizvoda oblikuje upoštevni geografski trg [19].
Data on capacity utilisation
Podatki o izkoriščenosti zmogljivosti
Pursuant to point 7.7 of the MSF 1998, structural overcapacity is deemed to exist when, on average over the last 5 years, the capacity utilisation rate of the relevant sector or subsector is more than two percentage points below that of manufacturing as a whole.
V skladu s točko 7.7 okvira MSR 1998 velja, da lahko govorimo o strukturnih presežnih zmogljivostih, če je stopnja izkoriščenosti zmogljivosti posameznega (pod)sektorja v povprečju zadnjih pet let za več kot dve odstotni točki pod povprečjem celotne predelovalne industrije.
Serious structural overcapacity is deemed to exist when the difference with respect to the average for manufacturing is more than five percentage points.
O velikih strukturnih presežnih zmogljivostih pa govorimo, če je razlika v primerjavi s povprečjem predelovalne industrije več kot pet odstotnih točk.
According to footnote 13 of the MSF 1998, the market data on capacity utilisation has to be established at the lowest available segmentation of the NACE classification.
V skladu z opombo 13 okvira MSR 1998 morajo biti tržni podatki o izkoriščenosti zmogljivosti določeni na najnižji ravni klasifikacije NACE.
The Commission considers that the production of particle board and OSB by, respectively, Glunz and OSBD corresponds well to that of the total NACE 20.20 products (manufacture of veneer sheets; manufacture of plywood, lamin board, particle board, fibre board and other panels and boards) since the production of particle board, plywood and OSB accounts for 81 % of the total production of wood-panels in Europe [20].
Komisija meni, da proizvodnja OSB-plošč in ivernih plošč družb Glunz in OSBD ustreza razredu NACE 20.20 (proizvodnja furnirskih plošč, vezanih plošč, lesenih vlaknenih plošč in lesenih ivernih plošč), ker v Evropi 81 % celotne proizvodnje lesenih plošč odpade na iverne plošče, vezani les in OSB-plošče [20].
Therefore, the Commission esteems that it can base its assessment on capacity utilisation data for the NACE 20.20 segment.
Zato je po mnenju Komisije primerno, da se pri ovrednotenju izkoriščenosti zmogljivosti uporabi razred NACE 20.20.
The German authorities provided figures on the average annual capacity rate from 1994 to 1998 (which are the 5 years for which data was available at the moment of the notification) in the EEA for the NACE code 20.20 corresponding to the manufacturing of wood panels.
Nemčija je predložila podatke o povprečni stopnji izkoriščenosti iz obdobja 1994–1998 (za teh pet let so ob priglasitvi obstajali podatki) v EGP za razred NACE 20.20 v zvezi s proizvodnjo lesenih plošč.
These data, obtained from a study of an independent expert [21], comply with the requirements of point 7.7 of the Multisectoral Framework since they correspond to the sector at the lowest segmentation of the NACE classification.
Ti podatki, ki izvirajo iz študije neodvisnega strokovnjaka [21], izpolnjujejo zahteve iz točke 7.7 okvira MSR, ker ustrezajo sektorju na najnižji ravni klasifikacije NACE.
The expert has defined the basis of annual capacity calculation as the daily (23 hours) capacity of the line for 300 days in a year.
Strokovnjak je kot podlago za izračun letne zmogljivosti opredelil dnevno zmogljivost (23 ur) enega proizvodnega objekta več kot 300 dni na leto.
This basis of annual capacity calculation has been calculated on the basis on information obtained from industry and the expert’s Wood-Based Panel Mill Databank which includes capacity information by individual mills and press lines.
To podlago za izračun letne zmogljivosti je določil na podlagi podatkov panoge in lastne baze podatkov (Wood-Based Panel Mill Databank), ki vsebujejo podatke o zmogljivosti posameznih obratov in stiskalnic.
The figure of 23 hours/300 days takes into account the variation in machinery type/age and mill configurations when determining the capacity of a line.
V določenem podatku o zmogljivosti (23 ur/300 dni) so upoštevane razlike med stroji glede na vrsto oziroma starost in konfiguracija obratov.
The study concluded that the average annual capacity utilisation rate from 1994 to 1998 (which are the years for which data was available at the moment of the notification) in the EEA amounts to 88,8 % for particle board, to 80,4 % for OSB, to 88,8 % for the combined particle board and OSB rate and to 85 % for wood-based panels in total (NACE 20.20).
S študijo je bilo ugotovljeno, da je letna stopnja izkoriščenosti zmogljivosti v obdobju med letoma 1994 in 1998 (za teh pet let so ob priglasitvi obstajali podatki) v EGP pri ivernih ploščah znašala 88,8 %, pri OSB-ploščah 80,4 %, pri ivernih ploščah in OSB-ploščah skupaj 88,8 % in pri lesenih ploščah skupno (NACE 20.20) 85 %.
The capacity utilisation rate of the wood-panels industry (NACE 20.20) in the EEA is detailed in the following table:
Celotna izkoriščenost industrije lesenih plošč (NACE 20.20) v EGP je navedena v spodnji tabeli:
Total production, 1000 m3
Celotna proizvodnja (v 1000 m3)
Total capacity, 1000 m3
Celotna zmogljivost (v 1000 m3)
Utilisation Rate
Kvota izkoriščenosti
The Commission took also into consideration a second study [22] carried out on its behalf.
Komisija je upoštevala tudi drugo študijo [22], ki je bila narejena po njenem naročilu.
This second study took as a basis a daily capacity (22 hours) of 345 days a year and came to an average of 81,8 % for the years 1995 to 1997.
V tej študiji je bila ob upoštevanju zmogljivosti 22 ur na dan in 345 dni na leto za leta od 1995 do 1997 ugotovljena povprečna izkoriščenost 81,8 %.
This study did not however provide any data for the remaining years of the period 1994-98 and seems to be based on the average annual capacity of modern plants only.
Ta študija očitno temelji samo na povprečni letni zmogljivosti sodobnih naprav; poleg tega manjkajo podatki o preostalih letih iz obdobja med letoma 1994 in 1998.
According to point 3.1 of the MSF 1998, the Commission will, where appropriate, utilise external independent data to assess the likely impact on competition in the relevant market; where this is not easily obtainable, however, the Commission will give full weight to representations made by Member States.
Komisija za oceno verjetnih posledic za konkurenco na upoštevnem trgu v skladu s točko 3.1 okvira MSR 1998 po potrebi uporablja podatke iz neodvisnih zunanjih virov. Če je težko priti do takšnih podatkov, Komisija upošteva vse ustrezne podatke držav članic.
In the present case, the Commission considers the study provided by the German authorities to be sufficiently reliable.
Komisija meni, da je študija, ki jo je posredovala Nemčija, dovolj zanesljiva.
In any event, the other study, although not providing complete information, would lead to the same result.
Poleg tega bi druga študija, v kateri ni popolnih podatkov, privedla do istega rezultata.
Over the period 1994-98, the average annual utilisation capacity rate for the EU manufacturing industry as a whole amounts to 81,72 %.
V obdobju med letoma 1994 in 1998 je letna povprečna kvota izkoriščenosti zmogljivosti za celotno predelovalno dejavnost v Uniji znašala 81,72 %.
Taking into account the above, the Commission concludes that the investment project will result in a capacity expansion in a sector where no overcapacity exists.
Komisija na podlagi zgoraj navedenega ugotavlja, da se bodo z naložbenim projektom povečale zmogljivosti v sektorju, v katerem ni presežnih zmogljivosti.
However, following the Judgement of the General Court, when the Commission reaches the positive conclusion that there is no structural overcapacity, which is the case at present, the Commission has to analyse if the market is in decline or not.
V skladu s sodbo Sodišča prve stopnje Kronofrance proti Komisiji pa mora Komisija, če je kot v obravnavanem primeru ugotovila, da ni strukturnih presežnih zmogljivosti, obravnavati vprašanje, ali gre za trg v zatonu.
Data on apparent consumption
Podatki o vidni porabi
According to point 3.4 of the MSF 1998, the Commission should for the purpose of defining whether the relevant market is in decline, compare the evolution of apparent consumption of the product(s) in question (that is, production plus imports minus exports) with the growth rate of EEA manufacturing industry as a whole.
Da bi Komisija ugotovila, ali gre za trg v zatonu, v skladu s točko 3.4 okvira MSR 1998 primerja razvoj vidne porabe zadevnih proizvodov (tj. proizvodnja plus uvoz minus izvoz) s stopnjo rasti celotne predelovalne industrije v EGP.
Following point 7.8 of the MSF 1998, the market for the product(s) in question will be deemed to be in decline if, over the last 5 years, the average annual growth rate of apparent consumption of the product(s) in question is significantly (more than 10 %) below the annual average of EEA manufacturing industry as a whole, unless there is a strong upward trend in the relative growth rate of demand for the product(s).
V skladu s točko 7.8 okvira MSR 1998 velja zadevni proizvodni trg za trg v zatonu, če je bila povprečna letna stopnja rasti vidne porabe zadevnega proizvoda v zadnjih petih letih občutno (vsaj 10 %) manjša od letnega povprečja celotne predelovalne dejavnosti v EGP, razen če se opaža močan vzpon pri relativni stopnji rasti za proizvod.
An absolutely declining market is one in which the average annual growth rate of apparent consumption over the last 5 years is negative.
Trg v popolnem zatonu je trg, na katerem je bila povprečna letna stopnja rasti vidne porabe v zadnjih petih letih negativna.
Market to which particle board belongs
Trg, na katerega spadajo iverne plošče
The annual average growth rate of the whole EEA manufacturing industry for the years 1993-98 [23] is 5,78 %.
Povprečna letna stopnja rasti predelovalne dejavnosti v EGP je v letih med 1993 in 1998 [23] skupno znašala 5,78 %.
A study from an independent consultant [24] gives data on value of the apparent consumption of particle board in billion EUR shows the following results for the years 1993-98 (which are the 6 years on which data existed on the moment of the notification). This data can be presented as follows:
V študiji neodvisnega strokovnjaka [24] s podatki o vrednosti vidne porabe ivernih plošč (v milijardah EUR) so za obdobje 1993–1998 (ob priglasitvi so podatki za teh šest let obstajali) navedeni naslednji podatki:
Billion EUR
V milijardah EUR.
Growth/a
Letna rast
The Commission notes that the difference between 5,78 % and 4,15 % is more than 10 %.
Komisija ugotavlja, da razlika v rasti (5,78 % v primerjavi s 4,15 %) znaša več kot 10 %.
The outcome would be the same if data until 1999 (i.e. over the period 1994-99), as argued for by KronoGroup, would be taken into account.
Tako je tudi, če se namesto tega uporabljajo podatki do leta 1999 (tj. iz obdobja med letoma 1994 in 1999), kot trdi skupina KronoGroup.
In its observations, Germany refers to point 7.8 of the MSF 1998 according to which the market is not considered to be in relative decline (despite the fact that its annual growth rate is below that of the EEA manufacturing industry as a whole) if there is a strong upward trend in the relative growth rate of demand for the product.
Nemčija se v pripombah sklicuje na točko 7.8 MSR 1998, po kateri trg (celo takrat, ko je letna stopnja rasti manjša od letnega povprečja celotne predelovalne dejavnosti v EGP) ne velja za trg v relativnem zatonu, če je mogoče opaziti močan vzpon pri relativni stopnji rasti za proizvod.
Germany substantiates this by a study which shows that in the period 1973 to 2003 apparent consumption of particle board grew 36 % faster than value added in the manufacturing industry.
Nemčija se pri tem sklicuje na raziskavo, iz katere izhaja, da se je vidna poraba ivernih plošč v obdobju med letoma 1973 in 2003 za 36 % hitreje povečala kot dodana vrednost v predelovalni dejavnosti.
The Commission considers that this argument is not sufficient to prove that there exists a strong upward trend in the relative growth rate of demand for particle board.
Komisija meni, da ta okoliščina ni zadosten dokaz za močan vzpon pri relativni stopnji rasti povpraševanja po ivernih ploščah.
This condition of the MSF 1998 aims at a situation where, although the average annual growth rate of the relevant market over the last 5 years is low, the latest couple of years show a clearly increasing growth trend which might continue in the years to come, i.e. in the short term, when the aided investment comes on stream.
Ta pogoj okvira MSR 1998 se nanaša na primer, ko je bila sicer povprečna letna stopnja rasti upoštevnega trga v preteklih petih letih nizka, vendar je bilo v zadnjih letih opaziti vidno povečevanje rasti, ki bi se lahko obdržala v prihajajočih letih, tj. kratkoročno, če bo naložba, ki se ji dodeli pomoč, učinkovita.
This would ensure that the distortive effects of the aid remain limited.
Tako naj bi zagotovili, da izkrivljanje konkurence zaradi pomoči ostane majhno.
The study, however, works with very long term data that do not allow predictions for the immediate future which is more relevant for the assessment of the investment’s impact.
Raziskava se po drugi strani opira na zelo dolgoročne podatke, ki ne omogočajo napovedi za bližnjo prihodnost, ki je zelo pomembna za oceno vplivov.
Moreover, it presents data until 2003 that were not available at the time of the initial notification in 2000.
Poleg tega vsebuje podatke do leta 2003, ki ob prvotni priglasitvi leta 2000 niso bili na voljo.
Therefore, the Commission considers that the market for particle board is in relative decline according to point 7.8 of the MSF 1998 and the competition factor ‘T’ for this product should be set at 0,75.
Zato Komisija izhaja iz tega, da trg ivernih plošč v skladu s točko 7.8 okvira MSR 1998 relativno upada in je treba dejavnik konkurenčnosti T za ta proizvod določiti na 0,75.
Market to which OSB belongs
Trg, na katerega spadajo OSB-plošče
As mentioned already above, the annual average growth rate of the whole EEA manufacturing industry for the years 1993-98 is 5,78 %.
Povprečna letna stopnja rasti predelovalne dejavnosti v EGP je med letoma 1993 in 1998 znašala 5,78 %.