natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The authors of the parliamentary report cited above state, for example, that at the time of the Metaleurop judgment, handed down by the Court of Cassation on 19 April 2005, the Court’s Documentation and Study Service indicated that ‘certain conduct … on the part of a parent company in relation to its subsidiary could as a matter of fact constitute mismanagement such as to result in insufficient assets at the subsidiary’.
Avtorji zgoraj navedenega parlamentarnega poročila na primer navajajo, da je v primeru sodbe kasacijskega sodišča z dne 19. aprila 2005 v zadevi Metaleurop služba za dokumentacijo in študije tega sodišča navedla, da so „nekatera ravnanja […] matične družbe v odnosu do hčerinske družbe dejansko lahko bile napake pri upravljanju, ki lahko povzročijo nezadostnost sredstev v hčerinski družbi“.
In the specific case of environmental damage, in view of the crucial nature for the community of environmental claims, and the risk of their non-enforcement, Article L. 512-17 of the Environmental Code concerning the rehabilitation of sites being taken out of operation was recently amended in order to allow action to be taken against the parent company for fault resulting in an insufficiency of assets preventing the subsidiary from meeting its environmental rehabilitation obligations.
V posebnem primeru okoljske škode je bil člen L.512-17 okoljskega zakonika o sanaciji lokacij, ki nehajo delovati, ob upoštevanju bistvenosti okoljskih terjatev za skupnost in tveganja, ki ga pomeni njihovo nepoplačilo, pred kratkim spremenjen, da bi omogočil začetek postopka proti matični družbi v primeru krivdnega ravnanja, ki je privedlo do nezadostnosti sredstev, zaradi česar hčerinska družba ne more izpolniti okoljskih obveznosti sanacije.
Information report No 558 (2008-2009) on civil liability, by Mr Alain Anziani and Mr Laurent Béteille, drawn up on behalf of the Legal Affairs Committee, submitted to the Senate on 15 July 2009 (available at the Senate Internet site: http://www.senat.fr/rap/r08-558/r08-5581.pdf).
Informativno poročilo št. 558 (2008–2009) o civilni odgovornosti, ki sta ga Alain ANZIANI in Laurent BÉTEILLE pripravila za odbor za zakonodajo in je bil v senatu vložen 15. julija 2009 (na voljo na spletnem mestu senata: http://www.senat.fr/rap/r08-558/r08-5581.pdf).
Parliamentary report cited above, p. 62.
Zgoraj navedeno parlamentarno poročilo, str. 62.
According to the first paragraph of Article 1384 of the Civil Code: ‘A person is liable not only for the damage he causes by his own act, but also for that which is caused by the acts of persons for whom he is responsible, or by things which are in his custody.’ The authors of the parliamentary report cited above note that the courts have been creative in introducing systems of liability which are not provided for by any legislation, covering liability arising from things, vicarious liability, or liability for abnormal neighbourhood disturbance.
Prvi odstavek člena 1384 civilnega zakonika določa: „Oseba je odgovorna ne le za škodo, ki jo povzroči s svojim dejanjem, temveč tudi za škodo, ki nastane zaradi oseb, za katere mora odgovarjati, ali stvari, za katere skrbi.“ Avtorja zgoraj navedenega parlamentarnega poročila ugotavljata, da je bilo s sodno prakso storjeno nekaj novega, ko so bili uvedeni sistemi odgovornosti, ki niso bili določeni v nobenem aktu, ne glede na to, ali gre za odgovornost za stvari, za odgovornost za ravnanja drugih oseb ali celo za odgovornost za neobičajno motenje okolice.
So far, however, case-law has not established a vicarious liability of a parent company for the actions of its subsidiaries.
Do zdaj v sodni praksi vseeno ni bilo treba opredeliti odgovornosti matične družbe za dejanja njenih hčerinskih družb.
The associations Consommation, Logement et Cadre de Vie (CLCV) and UFC-Que choisir, see parliamentary report cited above, p. 62 and p. 65.
V tem primeru združenji Consommation, Logement et Cadre de Vie (CLCV) in UFC-Que choisir, glej zgoraj navedeno parlamentarno poročilo, str. 62 in 65.
Report to the Minister for Justice, presented on 22 September 2005: ‘Preliminary draft reform of the law of obligations (Articles 1101 to 1386 of the Civil Code) and the statute of limitations (Articles 2234 to 2281 of the Civil Code)’.
Poročilo za ministra za pravosodje, oddano 22. septembra 2005: „Predhodni predlog reforme obligacijskega prava (členi od 1101 do 1386 civilnega zakonika) in prava o zastaranju (členi od 2234 do 2281 civilnega zakonika).“
Catala preliminary draft cited above, p. 166.
Zgoraj navedeni predhodni predlog Catala, str. 166.
Catala preliminary draft cited above, p. 177.
Zgoraj navedeni predhodni predlog Catala, str. 177.
Available online from the Senate Internet site: http://www.senat.fr/leg/ppl09-657.pdf.
Na voljo na spletnem mestu senata: http://www.senat.fr/leg/ppl09-657.pdf.
In this respect, the Commission points out that the recapitalisation of the subsidiary Prosernat, mentioned by the French authorities in the observations referred to in recital 46, took place in March 2006, i.e. before the change in IFP’s legal form on 7 July 2006, and therefore occurred at a time when IFP was not yet covered by an unlimited State guarantee.
Komisija v zvezi s tem opozarja, da je bila dokapitalizacija hčerinske družbe Prosernat, ki so jo francoski organi omenili v točki 46 pripomb, izvedena marca 2006 (to je pred spremembo statusa osebe javnega prava IFP 7. julija 2006) in se je torej zgodila v obdobju, ko oseba javnega prava IFP še ni imela neomejenega državnega poroštva.
Commission Decision 2005/145/EC of 16 December 2003 on the State aid granted by France to EDF and the electricity and gas industries (OJ L 49, 22.2.2005, p. 9).
Odločba Komisije 2005/145/ES z dne 16. decembra 2003 o državnih pomočeh, ki jih je Francija odobrila družbi EDF in sektorju industrije električne energije in plinarn, (UL L 49, 22.2.2005, str. 9).
See in particular recital 135 of the decision: ‘The Commission considers that making EDF subject to the ordinary law on bankruptcy will have the effect of withdrawing the unlimited State guarantee which it enjoyed’ (emphasis added.)
Glej zlasti uvodno izjavo 135 Odločbe: „Komisija meni, da bo imelo podrejanje družbe EDF splošnemu pravu stečaja za posledico ukinitev neomejenega državnega poroštva, katerega je uživala.“ (poudarek dodan)
See Article 2 of decision C 56/2007: ‘the effective conversion of La Poste into a public limited company will result in the unlimited guarantee which La Poste enjoys being withdrawn’ (emphasis added.)
Glej člen 2 zgoraj navedenega sklepa C 56/2007, „z dejanskim preoblikovanjem podjetja La Poste v delniško družbo [bo] neomejeno poroštvo, do katerega je podjetje upravičeno, ukinjeno“ (poudarek dodan).
The Commission refers to footnote 3 to decision N 531/2005 cited above, where it said that as a public limited company, Banque Postale would be subject to the provisions of ordinary law, and especially Law No 85-98 on the compulsory administration and winding-up of undertakings, and consequently would not enjoy an unlimited State guarantee.
Komisija se sklicuje na opombo 3 v zgoraj navedeni odločbi N 531/2005, „[z]a La Banque Postale kot delniško družbo občega prava bodo veljale določbe občega prava, zlasti zakon št. 85-98 o poravnavi in sodni likvidaciji podjetij. Zato ne bo upravičena do neomejenega državnega poroštva“ (poudarek dodan).
See recital 18 of decision C 51/2005, and recital 6 of the opening decision.
Glej uvodno izjavo 18 zgoraj navedene odločbe C 51/2005 in uvodno izjavo 6 odločitve o začetku postopka.
OJ C 323, 30.12.2006, p. 1.
Okvir Skupnosti za državno pomoč za raziskave in razvoj ter inovacije, UL C 323, 30.12.2006, str. 1.
As defined in point 2.2(e) of the R&D&I Framework.
V smislu točke 2.2(e) okvira R & R & I.
As defined in point 2.2(f) of the R&D&I Framework.
V smislu točke 2.2(f) okvira R & R & I.
As defined in point 2.2(g) of the R&D&I Framework.
V smislu točke 2.2(g) okvira R & R & I.
Court of Justice in Case C-41/90 Hoefner & Elser [1991] ECR I-1979, paragraph 21, and Case C-309/99 Wouters [2002] ECR I-157, paragraphs 46 et seq.
Sodba Sodišča v zadevi Hoefner & Elser, C-41/90, Recueil 1991, str. I-1979, točka 21; C-309/99, Recueil 2002, str. I-157, točka 46 in naslednje.
Provided the other conditions laid down in Article 107(1) TFEU are also met.
Če so izpolnjeni tudi drugi pogoji, določeni v členu 107(1) PDEU.
Case 118/85 Commission v Italy [1987] ECR 2599, paragraph 7; Case C-35/96 Commission v Italy (CNSD) [1998] ECR I-3851, paragraph 36; and Case C-309/99 Wouters [2002] ECR I-1577, paragraph 46.
Sodba v zadevi Komisija proti Italiji, 118/85, Recueil 1987, str. 2599, točka 7; sodba v zadevi Komisija proti Italiji (CNSD), C-35/96, Recueil 1998, str. I-3851, točka 36; sodba v zadevi Wouters, C-309/99, Recueil 2002, str. I-1577, točka 46.
This practice is summarised in particular in point 3.1.1 of the R&D&I Framework.
Ta praksa je bila povzeta zlasti v točki 3.1.1 okvira R & R & I.
See footnote 25 to the R&D&I Framework: ‘By internal nature, the Commission means a situation where the management of the knowledge of the research organisation(s) is conducted either by a department or a subsidiary of the research organisation or jointly with other research organisations’.
Glej opombo 25 v okviru R & R & I: Komisija z „interno naravo“ misli na razmere, kadar upravljanje znanja raziskovalne(-ih) organizacije(-) vodi oddelek ali podružnica raziskovalne organizacije ali skupaj z drugimi raziskovalnimi organizacijami.
See footnote 24 to the R&D&I Framework.
Glej opombo 24 v okviru R & R & I.
See recital 151 of decision C 51/2005.
Glej uvodno izjavo 151 zgoraj navedene odločbe C 51/2005.
See recital 182 of decision C 51/2005: ‘the public financing concerns only the industrial research stages’.
Glej uvodno izjavo 181 zgoraj navedene odločbe C 51/2005, „[…] iz javnih sredstev […] se financirajo le faze industrijskega raziskovanja“.
See recitals 90 and 98 of the opening decision.
Glej uvodni izjavi 90 in 98 odločitve o začetku postopka.
In the case of undertakings such as La Poste, which are the subject of a financial rating by independent agencies, the Commission showed, in point 4.1.2(a) of decision C 56/2007, that the guarantee conferred by the status of publicly owned establishment allowed the beneficiary establishment to obtain more favourable borrowing terms than those that it would have obtained on its own merits.
Komisija je v primeru podjetij, ki so predmet bonitetne ocene neodvisnih agencij, kot je podjetje La Poste, v točki 4.1.2(a) Sklepa C 56/2007 dokazala, da je podjetje, ki mu je bilo dodeljeno poroštvo zaradi statusa osebe javnega prava, dobilo ugodnejše pogoje financiranja, kot bi jih dobilo, če bi ga ocenjevali na podlagi njegovih odlik.
See recital 101 of the opening decision, and also recital 102, where the Commission cites in particular a report to the French Senate in which the Finance Committee declared on the subject of Réseau Ferré National (national rail network): ‘This [financial] mechanism, combined with the unlimited and unconditional implied State guarantee resulting from its EPIC status, may give Réseau Ferré National significant borrowing capacity, at interest rates very close to those of the SNCF’.
Glej uvodno izjavo 101 odločitve o začetku postopka in uvodno izjavo 102, v kateri Komisija navaja predvsem poročilo za francoski senat, v katerem je odbor za finance v zvezi z Réseau Ferré National izjavil: „ ‚Réseau Ferré National‘ lahko zaradi svojega statusa EPIC s tem mehanizmom [financiranja], povezanim z implicitnim neomejenim in brezpogojnim državnim poroštvom, dobi veliko posojilno sposobnost z obrestnimi merami, ki so zelo blizu obrestnim meram, ki se uporabljajo za SNCF . “
net of consolidation adjustments of the leasing components
Razen konsolidacijskih prevrednotenj elementov finančnega zakupa.
since the data are presented as at 31/12 for each year, the figures for 2010 are not yet known.
Ker so podatki predloženi vsako leto 31. decembra, podatki za leto 2010 niso znani.
It may be worth recalling that factoring is a contract by which a factor (i.e. a specialised credit institution) purchases, for a fee, the claims held by a supplier on his customers.
Treba je opozoriti, da je faktoring pogodba, s katero „faktor“ (to je specializirana posojilna ustanova) proti plačilu kupi terjatve, ki jih ima dobavitelj do svojih kupcev.
The service provided to the supplier is three-fold: the factor pays him a cash advance, frees him from need to recover the debts, and guarantees their payment (in the event of non-payment, notably if the customer defaults, the factor bears the risk).
Dobavitelj je deležen treh storitev: faktor mu da gotovinski predujem, razbremeni ga izterjave terjatev in jamči za njihovo plačilo (v primeru neporavnanih terjatev, zlasti če kupec ne izpolni obveznosti, tveganje ostane faktorju).
Regarding this final point, it should be pointed out that such a guarantee is a performance bond, in so far as the factor undertakes to pay the seller the invoices he has issued.
V zvezi z zadnjo točko je treba opozoriti, da gre za garancijo za dobro izvedbo pogodbenih obveznosti, ker se faktor zaveže, da bo prodajalcu plačal račune, ki jih je ta izdal.
The risk of insolvency of the purchaser and the risk of non-payment on the due date are borne by the factor.
Tveganje insolventnosti kupca in tveganje neplačila ob zapadlosti prevzame faktor.
The Commission bases this estimate on publicly available information.
Komisija to oceno opira na javno dostopne informacije.
See in particular the financial information sites http://www.netpme.fr and http://www.banque-info.com, and in particular the article on factoring by Mr Luc Bernet-Rollande, consultant and instructor in banking and finance, on the following Internet sites: http://www.banque-info.com/fiches-pratiques-bancaires/l-affacturage and http://www.netpme.fr/banque-entreprise/2-affacturage.html (consulted on 28 June 2011).
Glej zlasti spletni mesti s finančnimi informacijami: http://www.netpme.fr in http://www.banque-info.com ter posebno članek o faktoringu Luca Berneta-Rollanda, bančnega in finančnega svetovalca ter vodjo usposabljanja, na naslednjih spletnih mestih: http://www.banque-info.com/fiches-pratiques-bancaires/l-affacturage in http://www.netpme.fr/banque-entreprise/2-affacturage.html (na dan 28. junija 2011).
On the basis of information supplied by the Banque de France, the French authorities state that the proportion of transactions comprising a comprehensive offer covering all the above-mentioned services is still falling, from 45 % in 2008 to 35 % in 2009, in favour of delegated management, which has risen from 35 % to 49 %.
Francoski organi na podlagi podatkov Banque de France ugotavljajo, da se delež poslov, ki vključujejo celotno ponudbo, ki zajema zgoraj navedene storitve, še naprej spreminja, saj je s 45 % leta 2008 padel na 35 % leta 2009 v korist prenesenega upravljanja, ki se je s 35 % povečalo na 49 %.
According to the same study, the distribution of factoring by type of transaction in 2009 is as follows: collection, financing and guarantee (without delegated management): 35,5 %; collection and financing (without delegated management): 6,9 %; delegated management: 49.1 %; collection and guarantee: 0,3 %; reverse factoring: 3,8 % (this is a formula which allows a debtor to ask the factor to pay his main suppliers in his place; for the supplier, it provides a guarantee of being paid cash without recourse, while the purchaser has the same time for payment, secures the loyalty of his suppliers, supports their cash position, and obtains a discount for cash payment); syndication: 3,8 %; other: 2,5 %.
V skladu s to študijo je razdelitev dejavnosti faktoringa po vrsti poslov leta 2009 naslednja: izterjava, financiranje in jamstvo (brez prenesenega upravljanja): 35,5 %; izterjava in financiranje (brez prenesenega upravljanja): 6,9 %; preneseno upravljanje: 49,1 %; izterjava in jamstvo: 0,3 %; obrnjeni faktoring: 3,8 % (gre za metodo, ki dolžniku omogoča, da faktorja zaprosi, da ga nadomesti pri plačilu glavnih dobaviteljev. Za dobavitelja je to jamstvo, da bo dobil plačilo v gotovini in brez vložitve pravnega sredstva. Kupec ohrani roke za plačilo, pritegne dobavitelje, podpira njihova denarna sredstva in dobi popust za gotovinsko plačilo); povezovanje: 3,8 %; drugo: 2,5 %.
The French authorities rightly point out that it is not possible, when suppliers are paid directly, to determine whether or not they have concluded a factoring agreement for delegated management, and that it is not possible, if a factor is paid in place of the supplier, to know the precise scope of the services subcontracted to the factor by the supplier, and in particular whether or not the supplier has contracted a factoring service with guarantee.
Francoski organi v zvezi s tem upravičeno ugotavljajo, da kadar so dobavitelji plačani neposredno, ni mogoče ugotoviti, ali so sklenili pogodbo o faktoringu v prenesenem upravljanju (ali ne), niti ni mogoče, ko faktor dobi plačilo namesto dobavitelja, poznati točen obseg storitev, ki jih je dobavitelj oddal v podizvajanje faktorju, zlasti, ali je ta dobavitelj sklenil storitve faktoringa z jamstvom (ali ne).
Over the first 10 months of the year.
V prvih desetih mesecih leta.
As explained in decision C 51/2005, the costs attached to the various acquisitions and staff expenses are then the subject of separate accounting, so that the two types of activities (economic and non-economic) and their costs and financing are clearly distinguished in IFP’s accounts.
Kot je bilo pojasnjeno v zgoraj navedeni odločbi C 51/2005, se stroški, povezani z različnimi nabavami in stroški osebja, porazdelijo v računovodskih izkazih, tako da so obe vrsti dejavnosti (gospodarske in negospodarske) osebe javnega prava ter njihovi stroški in financiranje jasno ločeni v računovodskih evidencah osebe javnega prava IFP.
This low level (in the order of […] (*) %) is explained by the fact that the goods and services specifically allocated to the pursuit of economic activities relate essentially to fees, sub-contracting, travel and purchases of consumables directly linked to the corresponding research service (and are invoiced on to the customer).
Ta majhen delež ([…] (*) %) je mogoče pojasniti s tem, da se blago in storitve, ki so posebej namenjene za opravljanje gospodarskih dejavnosti, nanašajo predvsem na honorarje, podizvajanje, potne stroške in nakupe potrošnega blaga, ki so neposredno povezani z ustrezno raziskavo (in zaračunani stranki).
This figure is arrived at by multiplying the turnover recorded each year (EUR […] (*)) by the maximum rate adopted to cover the risk of default of IFP (2,5 %).
Ta znesek izhaja iz pomnožitve letno ustvarjenega prometa ([…] (*) EUR) z najvišjo stopnjo, uporabljeno za kritje tveganja neplačila osebe javnega prava IFP (2,5 %).
Moreover, the conditions for tortious liability are strictly regulated: there must be (i) fault, (ii) damage and (iii) a causal link between fault and damage.
Pogoji za uveljavljanje deliktne odgovornosti so poleg tega strogo določeni: potrebne so (i) krivda, (ii) škoda in (iii) vzročna zveza med krivdo in škodo.
On account of the significance of this risk, IFP has concluded a contract with a lead insurer which has taken a co-insurer to share the benefits and risks associated with the contract.
Zaradi obsega tega tveganja je oseba javnega prava IFP sklenila pogodbo z glavnim zavarovateljem, ki je pridobil sozavarovatelja zaradi delitve dobička in tveganj, povezanih s pogodbo.
Judgment Cass. civ. 2o, 9 June 1993: ‘this provision [Article 1382 of the Civil Code] is not applicable to compensation for damage relating to the performance of a contractual commitment’.
Kasacijsko sodišče, drugi civilni senat, 9. junij 1993: „Ker se ta akt [člen 1382 civilnega zakonika] ne uporablja za povrnitev škode, povezane z izpolnitvijo pogodbene obveznosti.“
According to the site specialising in performance bonds http://www.performancesuretybonds.com, consulted on 28 June 2011.
Glede na spletno mesto, specializirano za garancije za dobro izvedbo, http://www.performancesuretybonds.com na dan 28. junija 2011.
See recitals 149 to 151 of decision C 51/2005.
Glej uvodne izjave od 149 do 151 zgoraj navedene odločbe C 51/2005.
See recital 149 of decision C 51/2005.
Glej uvodno izjavo 149 zgoraj navedene odločbe C 51/2005.
These are the financial flows generated by renting out equipment or premises (laboratories) and by ancillary services (legal services).
Stroški domiciliranja ustrezajo finančnim tokovom, ustvarjenim z najemom materiala ali prostorov (laboratoriji) in povezanimi storitvami (pravna služba).
Aid intensity is the ratio between public funds used and the total cost of the research project, i.e. here 11,3/56,4 = 20 %.
Intenzivnost pomoči je razmerje med uporabljenimi javnimi sredstvi in skupnimi stroški raziskovalnega projekta, kar je v tem primeru 11,3/56,4 = 20 %.
These figures are arrived at by multiplying the turnover recorded each year by the maximum rate applied to cover the performance bond (5 %).
Ti zneski izhajajo iz pomnožitve letno ustvarjenega prometa (ki je za vsako leto naveden v stolpcu „letni promet“) z najvišjo stopnjo, uporabljeno za kritje garancije za dobro izvedbo pogodbenih obveznosti (5 %).
For 2006, it would be appropriate in theory to apply a rate of 48,5 % (= (365-188)/365) to this product in proportion to the time involved, since the guarantee started only from 7 July 2006, the 188th day of the year 2006, which was the date of conversion of IFP’s legal form.
Tudi za leto 2006 bi bilo treba za ta prihodek teoretično uporabiti stopnjo 48,5 % (= (365–188)/365) zaradi upoštevanja časovne porazdelitve, ker je poroštvo začelo veljati šele 7. julija 2006, to je 188. dan leta 2006, ko se je spremenil status osebe javnega prava IFP.
See recital 104 of the opening decision.
Glej uvodno izjavo 104 odločitve o začetku postopka.
See recital 8 of decision N 531/2005 cited above, according to which the unlimited State guarantee to La Poste was to be the subject of separate proceedings, while that decision would deal with the effects of the guarantee on Banque Postale.
Glej uvodno izjavo 8 zgoraj navedene odločbe N 531/2005: „Neomejeno državno poroštvo za podjetje La Poste bo predmet ločenega postopka. Vendar se bodo učinki tega poroštva za La Banque Postale obravnavali v tej odločbi.“ (poudarek dodan)
See recitals 88 to 91 of decision N 531/2005 cited above.
Glej uvodne izjave od 88 do 91 zgoraj navedene odločbe N 531/2005.
Clerical error: for ‘Beicip-Prosernat’ read ‘Beicip-Franlab’.
Stvarna napaka, beri „Beicip-Franlab“ namesto „Beicip-Prosernat“.
See recital 96 of decision N 531/2005 cited above.
Glej uvodno izjavo 96 zgoraj navedene odločbe N 531/2005.
See recital 132 of the decision.
Glej zlasti uvodno izjavo 132 Odločbe.
See recital 154 of decision C 51/2005.
Glej uvodno izjavo 154 zgoraj navedene odločbe C 51/2005.
It may be worth recalling that when contract research is carried out on behalf of subsidiaries, it relates to topics outside the exclusive fields of Axens and Prosernat.
Treba je opozoriti, da se pogodbene raziskave, če se izvajajo za hčerinske družbe, nanašajo na teme, ki ne spadajo na izključna področja dejavnosti družb Axens in Prosernat.
The French authorities explain that this might, for example, take the form of a geological study based on information supplied by the customer, laboratory testing for […] (*), or a performance calculation for a material provided by the customer.
Francoski organi pojasnjujejo, da gre lahko za geološko študijo na podlagi podatkov, ki jih zagotovi stranka, laboratorijske poskuse za […] (*) ali izračun učinkovitosti materiala, ki ga da na voljo stranka.