natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
In the decision to open the formal investigation of 10 September 2008, the Commission expressed doubts concerning the following aspects: the justification of aid, the incentive effect/necessity of aid, the cumulation of regional and training aid, and compliance with the so-called ‘Deggendorf principle’ (all discussed below).
Komisija je v odločitvi o sprožitvi formalne preiskave z dne 10. septembra 2008 navedla pomisleke glede naslednjih vidikov: upravičenosti pomoči, spodbujevalnega učinka/nujnosti pomoči, kumulacije regionalne pomoči in pomoči za usposabljanje ter skladnosti s tako imenovanim „načelom Deggendorf“ (vsi vidiki so obravnavani spodaj).
Incentive effect/necessity
Spodbujevalni učinek/nujnost
In particular, the questions raised by the Commission were: (i) whether part of the training declared eligible for aid would not need to be provided by Ford in any event, at least to the existing workforce, in order to be able to operate a plant introducing state-of-the-art manufacturing technology; and (ii) whether parts of the training offered under the Safety block were not actually compulsory for the company to offer under EU and/or Romanian safety regulations.
Komisija se je zlasti spraševala: (i) ali bi družba Ford morda morala del usposabljanja, ki se šteje za upravičenega do pomoči, zagotoviti v vsakem primeru, vsaj za obstoječe delavce, da bi lahko tovarna obratovala na podlagi najnovejše proizvodne tehnologije, in (ii) ali so deli usposabljanja iz sklopa Varnost za družbo morda dejansko obvezni na podlagi varnostnih predpisov EU in/ali romunskih varnostnih predpisov.
If so, the aid would not be compatible with the internal market under Article 107(3)(c) TFEU, as it would subsidise training that would be undertaken in any event, and consequently would not ‘facilitate the development of certain economic activities’.
V tem primeru pomoč ne bi bila združljiva z notranjim trgom na podlagi člena 107(3)(c) Pogodbe o delovanju Evropske unije, saj bi subvencionirala usposabljanje, ki bi se izvajalo v vsakem primeru, in tako ne bi „pospeševala razvoja določenih gospodarskih dejavnosti“.
Justification
Upravičenost
The Commission questioned whether parts of the training proposed for future employees were justified, since Ford had the possibility of recruiting qualified new employees.
Komisija se je spraševala, ali so bili deli usposabljanja, predlaganega za prihodnje delavce, upravičeni, ker je imela družba Ford možnost zaposlovanja kvalificiranih novih delavcev.
Cumulation/Intangible regional handicaps
Kumulacija/nematerialne regionalne omejitve
The opening decision raised the question whether parts of the proposed training would not in effect address intangible regional handicaps in the form of a shortage of skills in the existing workforce that were already compensated by the regional investment aid granted to the company in 2008 [15].
V odločitvi o sprožitvi postopka je bilo postavljeno vprašanje, ali bi deli predlaganega usposabljanja morda dejansko odpravili nematerialne regionalne omejitve, ki se kažejo v obliki pomanjkanja znanj zaposlenih delavcev, kar pa je že odpravila regionalna naložbena pomoč, ki je bila družbi dodeljena leta 2008 [15].
Deggendorf principle
Načelo Deggendorf
According to established case law [16], new aid cannot be paid until previously-granted incompatible aid has been fully recovered.
Nove pomoči glede na uveljavljeno sodno prakso [16] ni mogoče izplačati, dokler ni v celoti izterjana v preteklosti dodeljena nezdružljiva pomoč.
The Romanian authorities had not proven at the date of the opening of the formal investigation that the aid linked to the privatisation of the Craiova plant declared incompatible with the EC Treaty (now TFEU) by the Commission on 27 February 2008 [17] had been fully recovered.
Romunski organi do datuma začetka formalne preiskave niso dokazali, da je bila pomoč, povezana s privatizacijo tovarne v Craiovi, ki jo je Komisija 27. februarja 2008 [17] razglasila za nezdružljivo s Pogodbo ES (zdaj Pogodbo o delovanju Evropske unije), v celoti vrnjena.
Following the opening of the investigation procedure, Romania submitted comments concerning: (i) the legal basis for assessing the compatibility of the aid with the Treaty; (ii) the incentive effect of the aid; and (iii) compliance with the so-called Deggendorf principle.
Romunija je po začetku postopka preiskave predložila pripombe v zvezi s: (i) pravno podlago za oceno združljivosti pomoči s Pogodbo, (ii) spodbujevalnim učinkom pomoči in (iii) skladnostjo s tako imenovanim načelom Deggendorf.
Romania argues that, according to the principle of legal certainty, the aid should be assessed according to the criteria in place at the time of the notification (April 2008).
Romunija trdi, da je treba v skladu z načelom pravne varnosti pomoč ocenjevati na podlagi meril, ki so veljala ob priglasitvi (april 2008).
At that time Commission Regulation (EC) No 68/2001 of 12 January 2001 on the application of Articles 87 and 88 of the EC Treaty to training aid [18] still applied, and the General Block Exemption Regulation [19] (hereinafter ‘the GBER’) was published on 9 August 2008, and entered into force on the 20th day following its publication.
Takrat se je še vedno uporabljala Uredba Komisije (ES) št. 68/2001 z dne 12. januarja 2001 o uporabi členov 87 in 88 Pogodbe ES pri pomoči za usposabljanje [18], 9. avgusta 2008 pa je bila objavljena Uredba o splošnih skupinskih izjemah [19] (v nadaljnjem besedilu: Uredba o izjemah), ki je začela veljati dvajseti dan po objavi.
Romania considers that the assessment criteria resulting from the GBER are partially different from those resulting from Regulation (EC) No 68/2001.
Romunija meni, da se merila za ocenjevanje iz Uredbe o izjemah delno razlikujejo od meril iz Uredbe (ES) št. 68/2001.
It also underlines that, for the purposes of the notification, it had taken into account the maximum aid intensities of 50 % for general aid and 25 % for specific aid resulting from Regulation (EC) No 68/2001, whereas the GBER allows intensities of 60 % for general training and 25 % for specific training.
Poudarja še, da je za namene priglasitve upoštevala največjo intenzivnost pomoči v višini 50 % za splošno pomoč in 25 % za posebno pomoč na podlagi Uredbe (ES) št. 68/2001, v Uredbi o izjemah pa je višina dovoljene intenzivnosti 60 % za splošno usposabljanje in 25 % za posebno usposabljanje.
Romania is also of the view that, starting with its Ford Genk [20] and GM Antwerp [21] decisions, the Commission has adopted a rigid approach to the assessment of training aid under the incentive effect criterion which is not consistent with the Commission’s overall approach towards training aid and with the objectives of the Lisbon Agenda.
Romunija meni še, da se je Komisija že v odločbah Ford Genk [20] in GM Antwerp [21] odločila za strog pristop k ocenjevanju pomoči za usposabljanje na podlagi merila spodbujevalnega učinka, kar ni skladno s splošnim pristopom Komisije k pomoči za usposabljanje ter cilji iz programa lizbonske strategije.
Necessity.
Nujnost.
Romania maintains in essence that, in the absence of aid, the company would provide a less ambitious training programme, choosing instead to offer its employees only the training that is necessary in order to operate the plant (which amounts to roughly 17 % of the proposed programme, and the costs of which will be entirely borne by the company) and much less of the additional training.
Romunija v bistvu trdi, da bi družba brez pomoči zagotavljala manj ambiciozen program usposabljanja, saj bi svojim delavcem ponudila le usposabljanje, ki je nujno za obratovanje tovarne (kar pomeni približno 17 % predlaganega programa katerega stroške bo v celoti krila družba), in veliko manj dodatnega usposabljanja.
It is argued that Ford would be able to operate the Craiova plant without providing the additional training qualified as eligible for aid, because the existing workforce has experience with car manufacturing, and the new technology to be used at the plant allows for a process of ‘learning-by-doing’ that was verified at other Ford locations, where indeed such additional training was not provided.
Trdi, da bi lahko družba Ford tovarno Craiova upravljala brez zagotavljanja dodatnega usposabljanja, ki se šteje za upravičeno do pomoči, ker imajo sedanji zaposleni izkušnje s proizvodnjo avtomobilov, nova tehnologija, ki naj bi se uporabljala v tovarni, pa omogoča postopek „učenja skozi prakso“, ki je bil preskušen v drugih tovarnah družbe Ford, kjer se tako dodatno usposabljanje dejansko ni zagotovilo.
Romania also provides in-depth explanations regarding the distinction between courses that are necessary in order to operate the plant (and which will be entirely financed by the company) and additional courses (‘useful, but not indispensable’) for each block of training.
Romunija natančno pojasnjuje tudi razlikovanje med programi, ki so nujni za obratovanje tovarne (in jih bo v celoti financirala družba), in dodatnimi programi („ki so koristni, vendar ne nujni“) za vsak sklop usposabljanj.
Safety: most of the courses offered under the four proposed sub-topics (Basic Safety Training for the Workplace, Safe Use of Machinery and Personal Protective Equipment, Pedestrian Safety and Hazard and Risk Identification and Prevention) are considered necessary in order to convey a safety culture at the workplace.
Varnost: večina programov, zagotovljenih v okviru štirih predlaganih podtem (osnovno usposabljanje za varnost na delovnem mestu, varna uporaba strojev in osebne zaščitne opreme, varnost pešcev ter ugotavljanje in preprečevanje nevarnosti in tveganj), se obravnava kot nujna za zagotovitev kulture varnosti na delovnem mestu.
Part of these courses will be given to meet obligations resulting from EU and Romanian safety regulations, and part are aimed at meeting internal safety standards at a Ford plant.
Del teh programov bo izveden za izpolnitev obveznosti, ki izhajajo iz varnostnih predpisov EU in romunskih varnostnih predpisov, drugi del pa je namenjen izpolnjevanju notranjih varnostnih standardov v tovarni družbe Ford.
In relation to the latter, Romania explains that Ford applies internally safety standards which go beyond the minimum requirements resulting from the law.
Kar zadeva te standarde, Romunija pojasnjuje, da družba Ford uporablja notranje varnostne standarde, ki presegajo najmanjše zahteve iz zakonodaje.
At any rate, both safety courses required by law and those corresponding to company internal safety policy are not considered eligible for aid.
V vsakem primeru se programi na področju varnosti, ki jih zahteva zakonodaja, in tisti, ki so povezani z notranjo varnostno politiko družbe, ne štejejo za upravičene do pomoči.
Their cost will be borne entirely by the company.
Njihove stroške bo v celoti krila družba.
The additional safety training, for which aid of EUR 3,2 million is requested, consists of individual coaching to further support awareness and behavioural change, and individualised training for selected ‘role model’ employees.
Dodatno usposabljanje na področju varnosti, za katero se zahteva pomoč v višini 3,2 milijona EUR, je sestavljeno iz individualnega poučevanja za dodatno ozaveščanje in spremembe vedenjskih vzorcev ter individualnega usposabljanja izbranih delavcev „vzornikov“.
These types of in-depth training are useful to employees, but not indispensable to the company.
Te vrste poglobljenega usposabljanja so koristne za delavce, vendar za družbo niso nujne.
Core Skills: this training block is aimed at supporting the personal development of individuals, and relates very little to the actual functioning on the job.
Temeljna znanja: ta sklop usposabljanj je namenjen podpori osebnega razvoja posameznikov in je zelo malo povezan z dejanskim opravljanjem poklica.
A good part of the training offered under this block concerns general IT skills, English language training, literacy and numeracy skills, etc. For example, literacy and numeracy training is designed to fill in gaps that were verified in adults working in industrial sectors in all parts of the world, irrespective of their level of education.
Pomemben del usposabljanja, zagotovljenega v tem sklopu, zadeva splošna znanja na področju IT, učenje angleškega jezika, izboljšanje pismenosti in računskih spretnosti itd. Usposabljanje za izboljšanje pismenosti in računskih spretnosti je na primer namenjeno odpravljanju ugotovljenih pomanjkljivosti pri odraslih, ki delajo v industrijskih sektorjih po vsem svetu, ne glede na njihovo raven izobrazbe.
Literacy and numeracy training is not necessary to function on the job, as the technology used at the plant relies on Visual Factory systems that convey simplified visual work instructions.
Tako usposabljanje ni nujno za opravljanje poklica, ker tehnologija, ki se uporablja v tovarni, temelji na sistemih „Visual Factory“, ki zagotavljajo poenostavljena vizualna navodila za delo.
The literacy and numeracy training is intended to improve the capacity of employees to formulate ideas/concepts and communicate them fluently, and to interpret changes in the surrounding environment in quantitative terms.
Z usposabljanjem za izboljšanje pismenosti in računskih spretnosti naj bi bili delavci sposobni bolje oblikovati zamisli/koncepte in jih preprosto izraziti ter količinsko razlagati spremembe v okolju.
In a similar way, this block includes training to provide basic leadership skills for employees at all levels.
Ta sklop vključuje tudi usposabljanje za zagotovitev osnovnih vodstvenih sposobnosti za delavce na vseh ravneh.
Such skills, Romania argues, are beneficial to all categories of employees, irrespective of their level of education.
Romunija trdi, da so take sposobnosti in znanja koristna za vse kategorije delavcev ne glede na njihovo raven izobrazbe.
This sort of training benefits mostly to the employees themselves, improves their quality of life, and generates positive spillovers for the region and society as a whole.
Tako usposabljanje najbolj koristi samim delavcem, izboljša kakovost njihovega življenja ter ustvarja pozitivne vplive v regiji in celotni družbi.
Business Fundamentals: the broad aim of this training block is to convey general advanced management and functional expertise.
Ključne poslovne spretnosti: splošni cilj tega sklopa usposabljanj je zagotavljanje splošnega naprednega poslovnega in funkcionalnega strokovnega znanja.
Three areas of training convey management skills that are specific to the company (Ford Specific IT Systems, Ford Business Processes, Ford Internal Control Processes), and their costs are entirely borne by the company.
Tri področja usposabljanja zagotavljajo poslovna znanja za namene družbe (posebni sistemi IT v družbi Ford, poslovni procesi v družbi Ford, notranji nadzorni postopki v družbi Ford), pri čemer njihove stroške v celoti krije družba.
The additional training conveys skills which are largely transferable to other companies or industries, on general subjects such as Project Management Skills, HR, Purchasing, Finance, Six Sigma (a methodology for reducing error in repeated processes that is applied in many industries), and individualised training for ‘role models’, which undoubtedly benefits the company as well, in so far is it improves the working environment by helping to flatten hierarchies, but primarily benefits the trainees themselves and increases their attractiveness on the job market.
Z dodatnim usposabljanjem se zagotavljajo znanja, ki so večinoma prenosljiva na druga podjetja ali industrije in zadevajo splošne teme, kot so znanje projektnega vodenja, človeški viri, nakupi, finance, program Six Sigma (metodologija za zmanjševanje števila napak pri ponovljenih postopkih, ki se uporablja v več industrijah) in individualno usposabljanje „vzornikov“, ki nedvomno koristi tudi družbi, ker izboljša delovno okolje z zmanjševanjem hierarhije, vendar koristi predvsem samim udeležencem usposabljanj in izboljšuje njihovo konkurenčnost na trgu delovne sile.
For this training block aid up to EUR 4,33 million is requested.
Za ta sklop usposabljanj se zahteva pomoč v višini do 4,33 milijona EUR.
Industrial Skills: again, this block includes training that goes beyond what is necessary to function on the job.
Industrijske spretnosti: tudi ta sklop vključuje usposabljanje, ki presega, kar je potrebno za opravljanje poklica.
The courses that are necessary for performing normal tasks in production, i.e. Launch, Maintenance and Fork Lift Truck, Robotics and Automation, will be entirely financed by the company.
Programe, ki so nujni za izvajanje običajnih proizvodnih nalog, kot so začetek izvajanja, vzdrževanje ter viličarji, robotika in avtomatski stroji, bo v celoti financirala družba.
Additional training will be offered in two general areas: multiskilling on electrical/mechanical trades (which improves the employability of workers, but is not necessary to function on the job), and extended (in-depth) maintenance, automation and robotics.
Dodatno usposabljanje se bo zagotavljalo na dveh splošnih področjih: razširitev obsega spretnosti pri elektrotehničnih/mehaničnih poklicih (kar izboljša zaposljivost delavcev, vendar ni nujno za opravljanje poklica) ter razširjeno (temeljito) vzdrževanje, avtomatski stroji in robotika.
In both cases, employees learn to use different high technology machinery other than the one relevant for their current job.
Delavci se v obeh primerih naučijo uporabljati drugačne visokotehnološke stroje, ki jih uporabljajo na svojem trenutnem delovnem mestu.
This block of training is declared eligible for aid up to EUR 18,9 million.
Ta sklop usposabljanj je razglašen za upravičenega do pomoči v znesku do 18,9 milijona EUR.
Furthermore, Romania considers that the incentive effect of the proposed aid must be assessed for the training programme as a whole, and not separately for each of the training themes or individual courses.
Poleg tega Romunija meni, da je treba spodbujevalni učinek predlagane pomoči ocenjevati za program usposabljanj kot celoto in ne ločeno za vsako od tem usposabljanja ali posamezne programe.
Assessing training themes and/or courses individually, out of their overall context, is likely to lead to distorted results.
Ločeno ocenjevanje tem in/ali programov usposabljanja brez upoštevanja njihovega splošnega konteksta lahko povzroči izkrivljene rezultate.
Such an individual assessment would fail to take into account the added value of the training programme in its ensemble, which is more than the simple sum of benefits derived from training on specific subjects.
Pri takem posameznem ocenjevanju se ne bi upoštevala dodana vrednost programa usposabljanja kot celote, ki ni le preprosta vsota koristi usposabljanj na posameznih področjih.
Justification.
Upravičenost.
Concerning the justification of training to be provided to newly-recruited employees, Romania dissociates the issue of the company’s (undisputed) capacity to recruit qualified new employees from the question of whether additional training is justified in their case.
Kar zadeva upravičenost usposabljanja, ki naj bi se zagotavljalo novo zaposlenim delavcem, Romunija razlikuje med vprašanjem (nesporne) možnosti družbe, da zaposli kvalificirane nove delavce, in vprašanjem, ali je v njihovem primeru dodatno usposabljanje upravičeno.
The additional training conveys general skills that are not necessary for the functioning on the job, and is therefore justified and beneficial for all categories of employees, irrespective of their educational background.
Dodatno usposabljanje zagotavlja splošna znanja, ki niso nujna za opravljanje poklica, zato je upravičeno in koristno za vse kategorije delavcev ne glede na njihovo preteklo izobrazbo.
Intangible regional handicaps.
Nematerialne regionalne omejitve.
On the issue of whether the proposed training aid compensates for intangible regional handicaps, in the form of a shortage of skills, that were already compensated by regional aid, Romania argues that regional investment aid and training aid measures have different objectives (and thus address different problems) and cover distinct eligible costs.
Kar zadeva vprašanje, ali predlagana pomoč za usposabljanje odpravlja nematerialne regionalne omejitve, ki se kažejo v obliki pomanjkanja znanj, kar pa je že odpravila regionalna pomoč, Romunija trdi, da se cilji regionalne pomoči za naložbe in pomoči za usposabljanje razlikujejo (in torej obravnavajo različne težave) ter vključujejo različne upravičene stroške.
The objective of regional investment aid is to support investment in the disadvantaged regions of the EU, whereas the purpose of training aid is to remedy underinvestment in training, a phenomenon observed across the board in the EU.
Cilj regionalne pomoči za naložbe je podpreti naložbe v prikrajšanih regijah EU, namen pomoči za usposabljanje pa je povečati naložbe v usposabljanje, ki so v celotni EU premajhne.
Furthermore, the ‘distribution’ of benefits for regional aid is the reverse of the benefits of training aid: while the former benefits primarily the investor, the latter is foremost beneficial to the employees.
Poleg tega je „razdelitev“ koristi pri regionalni pomoči obratno sorazmerna z delitvijo koristi pri pomoči za usposabljanje: prva koristi zlasti vlagateljem, druga pa zlasti delavcem.
Romania also underlines that the ‘intangible’ regional handicap resulting from a shortage of local skills is not one of the criteria for selecting the EU disadvantaged regions — criteria include GDP per capita levels, unemployment rates, population density, etc. Moreover, in the past the Commission had approved training aid based, inter alia on the argument that it would play a role in overcoming the competitive disadvantage resulting from the weak qualification of the local workforce (Webasto [22], Vauxhall Motors [23]).
Romunija poudarja še, da „nematerialne“ regionalne omejitve, ki izhajajo iz pomanjkanja lokalnih znanj, niso eno od meril za določitev prikrajšanih regij v EU – ta merila vključujejo ravni BDP na prebivalca, stopnje brezposelnosti, gostoto prebivalstva itd. Poleg tega je Komisija v preteklosti pomoč za usposabljanje med drugim odobrila na podlagi trditve, da lahko prispeva k odpravljanju slabega konkurenčnega položaja zaradi slabih kvalifikacij lokalne delovne sile (Webasto [22], Vauxhall Motors [23].
Furthermore, a line of reasoning according to which projects which received regional investment aid should not receive training aid would implicitly penalise the Union’s disadvantaged regions, by precluding them from the possibility to support training projects.
Poleg tega bi utemeljitev, skladno s katero projekti, za katere je bila dodeljena regionalna pomoč za naložbe, ne bi smeli prejemati pomoči za usposabljanje, implicitno škodila prikrajšanim regijam v Uniji, saj bi jim onemogočila zagotavljanje pomoči za projekte usposabljanja.
Ford submitted comments on 18 December 2008, supporting the facts and arguments presented by Romania, and adding further arguments concerning the incentive effect of the proposed aid.
Družba Ford je 18. decembra 2008 predložila pripombe, s katerimi je podprla dejstva in trditve Romunije ter dodala nadaljnje argumente v zvezi s spodbujevalnim učinkom predlagane pomoči.
Significant own contribution
Precejšnji lastni prispevek
The company-specific part of the training, estimated to cost approximately EUR 29,7 million, has indeed already started to be offered to the existing workforce in 2009.
Del programa usposabljanja za namene družbe in katerega stroški so ocenjeni na približno 29,7 milijona EUR, se je za sedanje šteilo zaposlenih začel zagotavljati že leta 2009.
Reduced distorting effects of aid
Zmanjšanje učinkov izkrivljanja, ki jih lahko povzroči pomoč
In relation to the potential distorting effects of the aid, Ford underlines that the programme involves for the most part general training, where the employees are the main beneficiaries, and from which the company will benefit only indirectly.
V zvezi z učinki izkrivljanja, ki jih lahko povzroči pomoč, družba Ford poudarja, da program večinoma vključuje splošno usposabljanje, katerega glavni upravičenci so delavci in od katerega ima družba le posredno korist.