natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Certain provisions of the regulatory framework for electronic communications networks and services require necessary and appropriate cost-accounting mechanisms and price control obligations to be implemented, namely Articles 9, 11 and 13 in conjunction with recital 20 of Directive 2002/19/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 March 2002 on access to, and interconnection of, electronic communications networks and associated facilities (Access Directive) [3].
Nekatere določbe regulativnega okvira za elektronska komunikacijska omrežja in storitve predvidevajo izvajanje nujno potrebnih in primernih mehanizmov stroškovnega računovodstva in obveznosti cenovnega nadzora, in sicer v členih 9, 11 in 13 v povezavi z uvodno izjavo 20 Direktive 2002/19/ES Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 7. marca 2002 o dostopu do elektronskih komunikacijskih omrežij in pripadajočih naprav ter o njihovem medomrežnem povezovanju (v nadaljnjem besedilu: direktiva o dostopu) [3].
Commission Recommendation 2005/698/EC of 19 September 2005 on accounting separation and cost accounting under the regulatory framework for electronic communications [4] has provided a framework for the consistent application of the specific provisions concerning cost accounting and accounting separation, with a view to improving the transparency of regulatory accounting systems, methodologies, auditing and reporting processes to the benefit of all parties involved.
Priporočilo Komisije 2005/698/ES z dne 19. septembra 2005 o ločenem računovodstvu in sistemih stroškovnega računovodstva na osnovi regulativnega okvira za elektronske komunikacije [4] vsebuje okvir za dosledno uporabo posebnih določb v zvezi s stroškovnim računovodstvom in ločenim računovodstvom, katerih namen je izboljšati preglednost regulativnih računovodskih sistemov, metod, revizijskih postopkov in postopkov poročanja v korist vseh udeleženih strank.
Wholesale voice call termination is the service required in order to terminate calls to called locations (in fixed networks) or subscribers (in mobile networks).
Veleprodajno zaključevanje govornih klicev je storitev, ki je potrebna za zaključevanje klicev na klicanih številkah (v fiksnih omrežjih) ali klicih naročnikom (v mobilnih omrežjih).
The charging system in the EU is based on Calling Party Network Pays, which means that the termination charge is set by the called network and paid by the calling network.
Sistem zaračunavanja temelji v Evropski uniji na načelu „plača tisti, ki kliče“, kar pomeni, da klicano omrežje določa ceno zaključevanja klica, plača pa jo kličoče omrežje.
The called party is not billed for this service and generally has no incentive to respond to the termination price set by its network provider.
Storitev se klicani stranki ne zaračuna, zato se ta običajno ne odzove na ceno zaključevanja klica, ki jo določi njen ponudnik omrežja.
In this context, excessive pricing is the main competition concern of regulatory authorities.
V tem smislu so glavna skrb regulativnih organov na področju konkurence pretirane cene.
High termination prices are ultimately recovered through higher call charges for end-users.
Visoke cene zaključevanja klicev se povrnejo z višjimi cenami klicev za končne uporabnike.
Taking into account the two-way access nature of termination markets, further potential competition problems include cross-subsidisation between operators.
Če upoštevamo dvostransko naravo trgov zaključevanja klicev, je druga morebitna težava na področju konkurence med drugim navzkrižno subvencioniranje med operaterji.
These potential competition problems are common to both fixed and mobile termination markets.
Te morebitne težave na področju konkurence so značilne tako za trge zaključevanja klicev v fiksnih omrežjih kot tudi za trge zaključevanja klicev v mobilnih omrežjih.
Therefore, in the light of the ability and incentives of terminating operators to raise prices substantially above cost, cost orientation is considered the most appropriate intervention to address this concern over the medium term.
Ker lahko operaterji, ki zaključujejo klice, cene dvignejo bistveno nad raven stroškov, velja stroškovna naravnanost za najprimernejši srednjeročni odziv na ta problem.
Recital 20 of Directive 2002/19/EC notes that the method of cost recovery should be appropriate to the particular circumstances.
V uvodni izjavi 20 Direktive 2002/19/ES je navedeno, da mora biti metoda pokrivanja stroškov v skladu z okoliščinami.
In view of the specific characteristics of call termination markets and the associated competitive and distributional concerns, the Commission has for a long time recognised that setting a common approach based on an efficient cost standard and the application of symmetrical termination rates would promote efficiency, sustainable competition and maximise consumer benefits in terms of price and service offerings.
Glede na posebne značilnosti trgov zaključevanja klicev ter z njimi povezanih vprašanj na področju konkurence in distribucije Komisija že dlje časa priznava, da bi se z določitvijo skupnega pristopa na podlagi standarda dejanskih stroškov in uporabe simetričnih cen za zaključevanje klicev spodbujala učinkovitost in trajnostna konkurenca ter povečale koristi za uporabnike v smislu cene in ponudbe storitev.
According to Article 8(1) of Directive 2002/21/EC, Member States shall ensure that when carrying out the regulatory tasks specified in that Directive and the specific directives, in particular those designed to ensure effective competition, NRAs take the utmost account of the desirability of making regulations technologically neutral.
V skladu s členom 8(1) Direktive 2002/21/ES države članice zagotovijo, da NRO pri opravljanju regulativnih nalog, opredeljenih v navedeni direktivi in v posebnih direktivah, zlasti direktivah, katerih namen je zagotoviti učinkovito konkurenco, dosledno upoštevajo zahtevo po tehnološko nevtralni zakonski ureditvi.
Article 8(2) of Directive 2002/21/EC further requires NRAs to promote competition by, amongst other things, ensuring that all users derive maximum benefit in terms of choice, price and quality of service and that there is no distortion or restriction of competition.
V členu 8(2) Direktive 2002/21/ES je tudi predvideno, da NRO podpirajo konkurenco tako, da med drugim poskrbijo, da uporabniki v celoti izkoristijo ugodnosti v smislu izbire, cene in kakovosti storitve ter da ni izkrivljanja ali omejevanja konkurence.
In order to achieve these objectives and a consistent application in all Member States, the regulated termination rates should be brought down to the costs of an efficient operator as soon as possible.
Da bi dosegli te cilje in enotno uporabo v vseh državah članicah, bi bilo treba regulirane cene zaključevanja klicev čim prej znižati na raven stroškov, ki jih imajo učinkoviti operaterji.
In a competitive environment, operators would compete on the basis of current costs and would not be compensated for costs which have been incurred through inefficiencies.
V konkurenčnem okolju bi operaterji tekmovali glede na tekoče stroške in ne bi prejeli nadomestila za stroške, ki so jih ustvarili z neučinkovitim delovanjem.
Historic cost figures therefore need to be adjusted into current cost figures to reflect the costs of an efficient operator employing modern technology.
Zato bi bilo treba podatke o preteklih stroških pretvoriti v podatke o tekočih stroških, kar bi odražalo stroške učinkovitega operaterja, ki uporablja sodobno tehnologijo.
Operators which are compensated for actual costs incurred for termination have few incentives to increase efficiency.
Operaterji, ki prejmejo nadomestilo za dejanske stroške, nastale pri zaključevanju klicev, niso dovolj spodbujeni k izboljšanju učinkovitosti.
The implementation of a bottom-up model is consistent with the concept of developing a network for an efficient operator whereby an economic/engineering model of an efficient network is constructed using current costs.
Izvajanje modela „od spodaj navzgor“ je v skladu s konceptom omrežja, ki naj bi ga uvedel učinkovit operater, medtem ko ekonomski oziroma tehnični model učinkovitega omrežja temelji na tekočih stroških.
It reflects the equipment quantity needed rather than that actually provided and it ignores legacy costs.
Upošteva potrebno količino opreme in ne dejansko zagotovljene količine opreme ter zanemarja neposredne stroške.
Given the fact that a bottom-up model is based largely on derived data, e.g. network costs are computed using information from equipment vendors, regulators may wish to reconcile the results of a bottom-up model with the results of a top-down model in order to produce as robust results as possible and to avoid large discrepancies in operating cost, capital cost and cost allocation between a hypothetical and a real operator.
Glede na to, da model „od spodaj navzgor“ temelji predvsem na izpeljanih stroških (npr. omrežni stroški se izračunajo na podlagi informacij prodajalcev opreme), želijo regulativni organi morda uskladiti rezultate modela „od spodaj navzgor“ z rezultati modela „od zgoraj navzdol“, da bi dobili čim robustnejše rezultate in se izognili velikim neskladnostim pri stroških poslovanja, stroških kapitala in porazdelitvi stroškov na domnevnega in dejanskega operaterja.
In order to identify and improve possible shortcomings of the bottom-up model, such as information asymmetry, the NRA may compare the results of the bottom-up modelling approach with those resulting from a corresponding top-down model which uses audited data.
Da bi NRO ugotovil in izboljšal morebitne pomanjkljivosti modela „od spodaj navzgor“, kot je asimetričnost podatkov, lahko rezultate uporabe modela „od spodaj navzgor“ primerja z rezultati, ki izhajajo iz ustreznega modela „od zgoraj navzdol“, pri katerem se uporabljajo revidirani podatki.
The cost model should be based on the efficient technological choices available in the time frame considered by the model, to the extent that they can be identified.
Model izračunavanja stroškov bi moral temeljiti na izbiri učinkovitih tehnologij, ki se lahko zagotovijo v obdobju, ki ga model obravnava, če jih je mogoče opredeliti.
Hence, a bottom-up model built today could in principle assume that the core network for fixed networks is Next-Generation-Network (NGN)-based.
Torej bi lahko danes pripravljeni model „od spodaj navzgor“ načeloma predpostavljal, da osrednje omrežje za fiksna omrežja temelji na omrežjih naslednje generacije.
The bottom-up model for mobile networks should be based on a combination of 2G and 3G employed in the access part of the network, reflecting the anticipated situation, while the core part could be assumed to be NGN-based.
Model za mobilna omrežja „od spodaj navzgor“ bi moral temeljiti na tehnologijah druge in tretje generacije, ki se uporabljajo pri dostopovnem delu omrežja, in odražati pričakovano stanje, medtem ko bi lahko osrednji del temeljil na omrežjih prihodnje generacije.
Taking account of the particular characteristics of call termination markets, the costs of termination services should be calculated on the basis of forward-looking long-run incremental costs (LRIC).
Glede na posebne značilnosti trgov zaključevanja klicev je treba stroške storitev zaključevanja klicev izračunati na podlagi predvidenih dolgoročnih prirastnih stroškov (LRIC).
In a LRIC model, all costs become variable, and since it is assumed that all assets are replaced in the long run, setting charges based on LRIC allows efficient recovery of costs.
Pri modelu LRIC so vsi stroški spremenljivi, in ker se predvideva, da se vsa sredstva dolgoročno nadomestijo, omogoča določanje cen na osnovi modela LRIC učinkovito povrnitev stroškov.
LRIC models include only those costs which are caused by the provision of a defined increment.
Modeli LRIC upoštevajo le tiste stroške, ki nastanejo pri zagotavljanju predvidenega prirasta.
An incremental cost approach which allocates only efficiently incurred costs that would not be sustained if the service included in the increment was no longer produced (i.e. avoidable costs) promotes efficient production and consumption and minimises potential competitive distortions.
Pristop, ki temelji na prirastnih stroških, upošteva samo dejansko nastale stroške, ki jih ne bi bilo, če storitve, vključene v prirast, ne bi več izvajali (tem stroškom se je torej mogoče izogniti), in spodbuja učinkovito proizvodnjo in potrošnjo ter zmanjšuje morebitno izkrivljanje konkurence.
The further termination rates move away from incremental cost, the greater the competitive distortions between fixed and mobile markets and/or between operators with asymmetric market shares and traffic flows.
Bolj ko se cene zaključevanja klicev razlikujejo od prirastnih stroškov, večje je izkrivljanje konkurence med trgi fiksne in mobilne telefonije in/ali med operaterji z asimetričnimi tržnimi deleži in prometnimi tokovi.
Therefore, it is justified to apply a pure LRIC approach whereby the relevant increment is the wholesale call termination service and which includes only avoidable costs.
Zato je upravičena uporaba čistega pristopa LRIC, pri čemer je ustrezni prirastek veleprodajna storitev zaključevanja klicev, vključeni pa so samo stroški, ki se jim je mogoče izogniti.
A LRIC approach would also allow the recovery of all fixed and variable costs (as the fixed costs are assumed to become variable over the long run) which are incremental to the provision of the wholesale call termination service and would thereby facilitate efficient cost recovery.
Poleg tega bi bilo na podlagi pristopa LRIC mogoče kriti vse stalne in spremenljive stroške (ker stalni stroški postanejo v daljšem časovnem obdobju spremenljivi), ki dodatno nastanejo pri opravljanju veleprodajne storitve zaključevanja klicev, kar bi olajšalo učinkovito povrnitev stroškov.
Avoidable costs are the difference between the identified total long-run costs of an operator providing its full range of services and the identified total long-run costs of that operator providing its full range of services except for the wholesale call termination service supplied to third parties (i.e. stand-alone cost of an operator not offering termination to third parties).
Stroški, ki se jim je mogoče izogniti, so razlika med opredeljenimi skupnimi dolgoročnimi stroški operaterja, ko izvaja vse svoje storitve, in opredeljenimi skupnimi dolgoročnimi stroški istega operaterja, ko izvaja vse svoje storitve razen veleprodajne storitve zaključevanja klicev, s katero oskrbuje tretje stranke (tj. ločeni stroški operaterja, ki ne zagotavlja zaključevanja klicev tretjim strankam).
To ensure an appropriate attribution of the costs, a distinction needs to be made between those costs that are traffic-related, i.e. all those fixed and variable costs which rise with increased levels of traffic, and those costs that are non-traffic-related, i.e. all those costs which do not rise with increased levels of traffic.
Da bi zagotovili primeren pripis stroškov, je treba razlikovati med stroški, ki so odvisni od prometa, tj. vsemi stalnimi in spremenljivimi stroški, ki se povečajo, ko se poveča promet, in stroški, ki niso odvisni od prometa, tj. vsemi stroški, ki se ne povečajo, ko se poveča promet.
To identify the avoidable costs relevant for wholesale call termination, non-traffic-related costs should be disregarded.
Da bi opredelili stroške, ki se jim je mogoče izogniti pri veleprodajnem zaključevanju klicev, je treba zanemariti stroške, ki niso odvisni od prometa.
Then, it may be appropriate to attribute traffic-related costs firstly to other services (e.g. call origination, SMS, MMS, broadband, leased lines, etc.) with wholesale voice call termination being the final service to be taken into account.
Poleg tega bi bilo morda primerno, da se stroške, odvisne od prometa, najprej dodeli drugim storitvam (npr. vzpostavljanju povezave, sporočilom SMS in MMS, širokopasovnim storitvam, zakupljenim vodom itd.), pri čemer bi bilo veleprodajno zaključevanje klicev storitev, ki bi jo upoštevali kot zadnjo.
The cost allocated to the wholesale call termination service should thus be equal only to the additional cost incurred to provide the service.
Stroški, nastali pri veleprodajni storitvi zaključevanja klicev, bi morali biti torej visoki samo toliko kot dodatni stroški, ki nastanejo pri opravljanju storitve.
As a consequence, cost accounting based on a LRIC approach for wholesale call termination services in fixed and mobile markets should allow the recovery only of costs which would be avoided if a wholesale call termination service was no longer provided to third parties.
Posledično bi moralo stroškovno računovodstvo, ki temelji na dolgoročnih prirastnih stroških veleprodajne storitve zaključevanja klicev na trgih fiksne in mobilne telefonije, dopuščati povrnitev samo tistih stroškov, ki se jim je mogoče izogniti, če se veleprodajne storitve zaključevanja klicev ne bi več zagotavljale tretjim strankam.
It can be seen that call termination is a service which generates benefits to both calling and called parties (if the receiver did not receive a benefit it would not accept the call), which in turn suggests that both parties have a part in the creation of costs.
Opaziti je mogoče, da je zaključevanje klicev storitev, ki ustvarja ugodnosti tako za kličoče kot tudi za klicane (če prejemnik ne bi imel ugodnosti, klica ne bi sprejel), kar pomeni, da pri ustvarjanju stroškov sodelujeta obe strani.
The use of cost causation principles to set cost-orientated prices would suggest that the creator of the costs should bear those costs.
Če bi se cene določale na podlagi vzročnih zvez stroškov, bi morala stran, ki ustvari stroške, te tudi kriti.
Recognising the two-sided nature of call termination markets with costs being driven by two sides, not all related costs need to be recovered via the regulated wholesale termination charge.
S priznavanjem dvostranske narave trgov zaključevanja klicev, ko stroške ustvarjata obe strani, ni treba povrniti vseh nastalih stroškov z reguliranimi veleprodajnimi cenami zaključevanja klicev.
However, for the purposes of this Recommendation, all of the avoidable costs of providing the wholesale call termination service can be recovered via the wholesale charge, i.e. all of those costs which increase in response to an increase in wholesale termination traffic.
Za namen tega priporočila se lahko vsi stroški, ki nastanejo pri opravljanju veleprodajne storitve zaključevanja klicev in se jim je mogoče izogniti, povrnejo na podlagi veleprodajne cene, tj. vsi stroški, ki se povečajo, ko se poveča promet na področju veleprodajnega zaključevanja klicev.
In setting termination rates, any deviation from a single efficient cost level should be based on objective cost differences outside the control of operators.
Pri določanju cen zaključevanja klicev je treba vsako odstopanje od posamične stopnje učinkovitih stroškov utemeljiti z objektivnimi razlikami v stroških, na katere operaterji ne morejo vplivati.
In fixed networks, no such objective cost differences outside the control of the operator have been identified.
V fiksnih omrežjih stroškovne razlike, na katere operater ne more vplivati, niso bile ugotovljene.
In mobile networks, uneven spectrum assignment may be considered an exogenous factor which results in per-unit-cost differences between mobile operators.
V mobilnih omrežjih se lahko neenakomerna dodelitev spektra obravnava kot zunanji dejavnik, ki med mobilnimi operaterji povzroča razlike v stroških na enoto.
Exogenous cost differences may arise where spectrum assignments have not taken place using market-based mechanisms but on the basis of a sequential licensing process.
Razlike v zunanjih stroških lahko nastanejo, kadar spekter ni bil dodeljen na podlagi tržno zasnovanih mehanizmov, ampak po zaporednem izdajanju dovoljenj.
Where the spectrum assignment takes place through a market-based mechanism such as an auction or where there is a secondary market in place, frequency-induced cost differences become more endogenously determined and are likely to be significantly reduced or eliminated.
Frekvenčno pogojene stroškovne razlike so interno določene in verjetno je, da se bodo bistveno zmanjšale ali izničile, če se spekter dodeli s tržno zasnovanim mehanizmom, kot je dražba, ali kadar obstaja sekundarni trg.
New entrants in mobile markets may also be subject to higher unit costs for a transitional period before having reached the minimum efficient scale.
Vendar lahko za nove operaterje na trgih mobilne telefonije veljajo v prehodnem obdobju višji stroški na enoto, dokler ti ne dosežejo minimalnega učinkovitega obsega.
In such situations, NRAs may allow them, after having determined that there are impediments on the retail market to market entry and expansion, to recoup their higher incremental costs compared to those of a modelled operator for a transitional period of up to four years after market entry.
NRO jim lahko v takih primerih – potem ko so ugotovili, da na maloprodajnem trgu pri vstopu na trg in njegovi širitvi obstajajo ovire – dovolijo, da višje prirastne stroške v primerjavi z operaterjem, pri katerem je uporabljen model, kompenzirajo v prehodnem obdobju do največ štirih let po vstopu na trg.
Drawing upon the ERG Common Position, it is reasonable to envisage a time frame of four years for phasing out asymmetries based on the estimation that in the mobile market it can be expected to take three to four years after entry to reach a market share of between 15 and 20 %, thereby approaching the level of the minimum efficient scale.
Glede na skupno stališče skupine evropskih regulatorjev je upravičeno izhajati iz časovnega okvira štirih let za odpravo asimetrij; podlaga za to je ocena, da bo po pričakovanjih na trgu mobilne telefonije tržni delež med 15 in 20 % dosežen v treh do štirih letih, s tem pa bo dosežena raven minimalnega učinkovitega obsega.
This is distinct to the situation for new entrants in fixed markets which have the opportunity to achieve low unit costs by focusing their networks on high-density routes in particular geographic areas and/or by renting relevant network inputs from the incumbents.
Drugače je pri novih operaterjih na trgih fiksne telefonije, ki lahko dosežejo nizke stroške na enoto, s tem da svoja omrežja na posebnih geografskih območjih usmerijo na povezave z veliko prometa in/ali najamejo ustrezne povezave pri glavnih operaterjih.
A depreciation method that reflects the economic value of an asset is the preferred approach.
Amortizacijska metoda, ki odraža ekonomsko vrednost sredstev, je prednostni pristop.
If, however, the development of a robust economic depreciation model is not feasible, other approaches are possible, including straight-line depreciation, annuities and tilted annuities.
Vendar če robustnega ekonomskega modela za amortizacijo ni mogoče razviti, so mogoči tudi drugi pristopi, vključno z linearno amortizacijo, rentami in diferencialnimi rentami.
The criterion for choosing among the alternative approaches is how closely they are likely to approximate an economic measure of depreciation.
Merilo pri izbiri morebitnih pristopov je, kako zelo se bodo približali ekonomskemu merilu amortizacije.
Thus, if the development of a robust economic depreciation model is not feasible, the depreciation profile of each major asset in the bottom-up model should be examined separately, and the approach which generates a depreciation profile similar to that of economic depreciation should be chosen.
Če torej robustnega ekonomskega modela za amortizacijo ni mogoče pripraviti, bi morali v modelu „od spodaj navzdol“ posebej pregledati amortizacijski profil vsakega večjega sredstva in izbrati pristop, ki ustvari amortizacijski profil, podoben profilu ekonomske amortizacije.
With regard to efficient scale, different considerations apply in fixed and in mobile markets.
Glede učinkovitega poslovnega obsega se na trgu fiksne in mobilne telefonije uporabljajo različni pristopi.
The minimum efficient scale may be reached at different levels in the fixed and mobile sectors as this depends on the different regulatory and commercial environments applicable to each.
Minimalni učinkoviti obseg, ki velja za posamezne stopnje v sektorju fiksne in mobilne telefonije, je odvisen od ustreznih regulativnih in komercialnih danosti.