natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
‘radio frequency identification (RFID)’ means the use of electromagnetic radiating waves or reactive field coupling in the radio frequency portion of the spectrum to communicate to or from a tag through a variety of modulation and encoding schemes to uniquely read the identity of a radio frequency tag or other data stored on it;
„radiofrekvenčna identifikacija“ (RFID) pomeni uporabo elektromagnetnih valov ali povezovanje reaktivnih polj v radiofrekvenčnem delu za komunikacijo iz oznake ali vanjo prek različnih tehnik modulacije ali kodiranja, zgolj za identifikacijo radiofrekvenčne oznake ali na njej shranjenih podatkov;
‘RFID tag’ or ‘tag’ means either a RFID device having the ability to produce a radio signal or a RFID device which re-couples, back-scatters or reflects (depending on the type of device) and modulates a carrier signal received from a reader or writer;
„oznaka RFID“ ali „oznaka“ pomeni napravo RFID, ki lahko proizvede radijski signal, ali napravo RFID, ki razveže, razprši nazaj ali odbije (odvisno od tipa naprave) in modulira nosilni signal, prejet od čitalnika ali pisalnika;
‘RFID reader or writer’ or ‘reader’ means a fixed or mobile data capture and identification device using a radio frequency electromagnetic wave or reactive field coupling to stimulate and effect a modulated data response from a tag or group of tags;
„čitalnik ali pisalnik RFID“ ali „čitalnik“ pomeni fiksno ali mobilno napravo za zajem in identifikacijo podatkov, ki uporablja radiofrekvenčni elektromagnetni val ali povezovanje reaktivnih polj, da spodbudi in povzroči odziv oznake ali skupine oznake v obliki moduliranih podatkov;
‘RFID application’ or ‘application’ means an application that processes data through the use of tags and readers, and which is supported by a back-end system and a networked communication infrastructure;
„aplikacija RFID“ ali „aplikacija“ pomeni aplikacijo, ki obdeluje podatke tako, da uporablja oznake in čitalnike, pri tem pa je podprta z zalednim sistemom in mrežno komunikacijsko infrastrukturo;
‘RFID application operator’ or ‘operator’ means the natural or legal person, public authority, agency, or any other body, which, alone or jointly with others, determines the purposes and means of operating an application, including controllers of personal data using an RFID application;
„upravljavec aplikacije RFID“ ali „upravljavec“ pomeni fizično ali pravno osebo, javni organ, agencijo ali kateri koli drug organ, ki sam ali skupaj z drugimi določa namene in načine delovanja aplikacije, vključno z upravljavci osebnih podatkov, ki uporabljajo aplikacijo RFID;
‘information security’ means preservation of the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information;
„varnost informacij“ pomeni ohranjanje zaupnosti, celovitosti in razpoložljivosti informacij;
‘monitoring’ means any activity carried out for the purpose of detecting, observing, copying or recording the location, movement, activities or state of an individual.
„spremljanje“ pomeni kakršno koli dejavnost, ki se izvaja z namenom odkrivanja, opazovanja, posnemanja ali zapisovanja lokacije, premikanja, dejavnosti ali stanja posameznika.
Privacy and data protection impact assessments
Ocene učinka na varstvo zasebnosti inpodatkov
Member States should ensure that industry, in collaboration with relevant civil society stakeholders, develops a framework for privacy and data protection impact assessments.
Države članice zagotovijo, da stroka v sodelovanju z ustreznimi zainteresiranimi stranmi civilne družbe razvije okvir za ocenjevanje učinkov na varstvo zasebnosti in podatkov.
This framework should be submitted for endorsement to the Article 29 Data Protection Working Party within 12 months from the publication of this Recommendation in the Official Journal of the European Union.
Ta okvir se predloži v potrditev delovni skupini za varstvo podatkov iz člena 29 v 12 mesecih po objavi tega priporočila v Uradnem listu Evropske unije.
Member States should ensure that operators, notwithstanding their other obligations pursuant to Directive 95/46/EC:
Države članice zagotovijo, da upravljavci ne glede na svoje obveznosti v skladu z direktivo št. 95/46/ES:
conduct an assessment of the implications of the application implementation for the protection of personal data and privacy, including whether the application could be used to monitor an individual.
ocenijo posledice izvajanja aplikacije na varstvo osebnih podatkov in zasebnosti ter preverijo, ali bi aplikacijo lahko uporabljali za nadzorovanje posameznika.
The level of detail of the assessment should be appropriate to the privacy risks possibly associated with the application;
Podrobnost ocene mora ustrezati tveganjem za zasebnost, povezanim z aplikacijo;
take appropriate technical and organisational measures to ensure the protection of personal data and privacy;
sprejmejo ustrezne tehnične in organizacijske ukrepe, s katerimi zagotovijo varstvo osebnih podatkov in zasebnosti;
designate a person or group of persons responsible for reviewing the assessments and the continued appropriateness of the technical and organisational measures to ensure the protection of personal data and privacy;
imenujejo osebo ali skupino oseb, odgovorno za pregledovanje ocen in nenehne ustreznosti tehničnih in organizacijskih ukrepov za zagotovitev varstva osebnih podatkov in zasebnosti;
make available the assessment to the competent authority at least six weeks before the deployment of the application;
zagotovijo, da je ocena na voljo pristojnemu organu vsaj šest tednov pred uvedbo aplikacije;
once the framework for privacy and data protection impact assessments as set out in point 4 is available, implement the above provisions in accordance with it.
po določitvi okvira za ocenjevanje učinka na varstvo zasebnosti in podatkov iz točke 4 izvajajo zgornje določbe v skladu z njim.
Information security
Varnost informacij
Member States should support the Commission in identifying those applications that might raise information security threats with implications for the general public.
Države članice podpirajo Komisijo pri opredeljevanju tistih aplikacij, ki bi lahko ogrožale varnost informacij in imele posledice za širšo javnost.
For such applications, Member States should ensure that operators, together with national competent authorities and civil society organisations, develop new schemes, or apply existing schemes, such as certification or operator self-assessment, in order to demonstrate that an appropriate level of information security and protection of privacy is established in relation to the assessed risks.
Pri takih aplikacijah države članice zagotovijo, da upravljavci, skupaj s pristojnimi nacionalnimi organi in organizacijami civilne družbe, razvijejo nove sheme ali uporabijo že uveljavljene sheme, kot je certificiranje ali samoocenjevanje upravljavca, s čimer dokažejo, da je glede na ocenjena tveganja vzpostavljena ustrezna raven varnosti informacij in varstva zasebnosti.
Information and transparency on RFID use
Informacije o uporabi in preglednost uporabe RFID
Without prejudice to the obligations of data controllers, in accordance with Directives 95/46/EC and 2002/58/EC, Member States should ensure that operators develop and publish a concise, accurate and easy to understand information policy for each of their applications.
Ne glede na obveznosti upravljavcev podatkov v skladu z direktivo št. 95/46/ES in direktivo št. 2002/58/ES države članice zagotovijo, da upravljavci za vsako od aplikacij razvijejo in objavijo strnjene, natančne in razumljive informacije.
The policy should at least include:
Te informacije vsebujejo najmanj:
the identity and address of the operators;
ime in naslov upravljavcev;
the purpose of the application;
namen aplikacije;
what data are to be processed by the application, in particular if personal data will be processed, and whether the location of tags will be monitored;
katere podatke bo obdelovala aplikacija, zlasti če bo obdelovala osebne podatke, in ali bo mesto oznak nadzirano;
a summary of the privacy and data protection impact assessment;
povzetek ocene učinka na varstvo zasebnosti in podatkov;
the likely privacy risks, if any, relating to the use of tags in the application and the measures that individuals can take to mitigate these risks.
morebitna tveganja za zasebnost, ki so povezana z uporabo oznak v aplikaciji, in ukrepe, ki jih lahko posamezniki sprejmejo za ublažitev teh tveganj.
Member States should ensure that operators take steps to inform individuals of the presence of readers on the basis of a common European sign, developed by European standardisation organisations, with the support of concerned stakeholders.
Države članice zagotovijo, da upravljavci sprejmejo ukrepe za obveščanje posameznikov o uporabi čitalnikov, in sicer s skupnim evropskim znakom, ki ga razvijejo evropske organizacije za standardizacijo ob podpori vključenih zainteresiranih strani.
The sign should include the identity of the operator and a point of contact for individuals to obtain the information policy for the application.
Znak mora vsebovati identiteto upravljavca in kontaktno točko, kjer lahko posamezniki dobijo informacije o aplikaciji.
RFID applications used in the retail trade
Aplikacije RFID, ki se uporabljajo v trgovini na drobno
On the basis of a common European sign, developed by European standardisation organisations, with the support of concerned stakeholders, operators should inform individuals of the presence of tags that are placed on or embedded in products.
Upravljavci s skupnim evropskim znakom, ki ga razvijejo evropske organizacije za standardizacijo ob podpori vključenih zainteresiranih strani, obvestijo posameznike o uporabi oznak, nameščenih ali vgrajenih v izdelke.
When conducting the privacy and data protection impact assessment as referred to in points 4 and 5, the operator of an application should specifically determine whether tags placed on or embedded in products sold to consumers through retailers who are not operators of that application represent a likely threat to privacy or the protection of personal data.
Pri pripravljanju ocene učinka na varstvo zasebnosti in podatkov iz točk 4 in 5 upravljavec aplikacije posebej opredeli, ali oznake, nameščene ali vgrajene v izdelke, ki se potrošnikom prodajajo pri trgovcih na drobno, ki niso upravljavci navedene aplikacije, pomenijo tveganje za zasebnost ali varstvo osebnih podatkov.
Retailers should deactivate or remove at the point of sale tags used in their application unless consumers, after being informed of the policy referred to in point 7, give their consent to keep tags operational.
Trgovci na drobno na prodajnem mestu deaktivirajo ali odstranijo oznake, uporabljene v njihovi aplikaciji, razen če se potrošniki po prejetju informacij iz točke 7 strinjajo, da bodo delujoče oznake ohranili.
Deactivation of the tags should be understood as any process that stops those interactions of a tag with its environment which do not require the active involvement of the consumer.
Deaktiviranje oznak pomeni kateri koli proces, ki ustavi interakcijo oznake z njenim okoljem, za katero ni potrebna dejavna vloga potrošnika.
Deactivation or removal of tags by the retailer should be done immediately and free of charge for the consumer.
Deaktiviranje ali odstranitev oznake opravi trgovec na drobno za potrošnika nemudoma in brezplačno.
Consumers should be able to verify that the deactivation or removal is effective.
Potrošnikom mora biti omogočeno, da preverijo, ali je bilo deaktiviranje oziroma odstranitev učinkovita.
Point 11 should not apply if the privacy and data protection impact assessment concludes that tags that are used in a retail application and would remain operational after the point of sale do not represent a likely threat to privacy or the protection of personal data.
Točka 11 se ne uporablja, če je v oceni učinka na varstvo zasebnosti in varstvo podatkov ugotovljeno, da oznake, uporabljene v aplikaciji v trgovini na drobno, ki delujejo tudi zunaj prodajnega mesta, ne pomenijo morebitnega tveganja za zasebnost ali varstvo osebnih podatkov.
Nevertheless, retailers should make available free of charge an easy means to, immediately or at a later stage, deactivate or remove these tags.
Kljub temu morajo trgovci na drobno zagotoviti brezplačen in preprost način za takojšnjo ali poznejšo deaktiviranje ali odstranitev teh oznak.
Deactivation or removal of tags should not entail any reduction or termination of the legal obligations of the retailer or manufacturer towards the consumer.
Pravne obveznosti trgovca na drobno ali proizvajalca do potrošnika se z deaktiviranjem ali odstranitvijo oznak ne zmanjšajo ali prenehajo veljati.
Points 11 and 12 should apply only to retailers that are operators.
Točki 11 in 12 se uporabljata le za trgovce na drobno, ki so upravljavci.
Awareness raising actions
Ukrepi za povečevanje ozaveščenosti
Members States, in collaboration with industry, the Commission and other stakeholders, should take appropriate measures to inform and raise awareness among public authorities and companies, in particular SMEs, of the potential benefits and risks associated with the use of RFID technology.
Države članice v sodelovanju s stroko, Komisijo in drugimi zainteresiranimi stranmi sprejmejo ustrezne ukrepe za obveščanje in povečevanje ozaveščenosti javnih organov in družb, zlasti malih in srednje velikih podjetij, o morebitnih prednostih in tveganjih, povezanih z uporabo tehnologije RFID.
Specific attention should be given to information security and privacy aspects.
Posebno pozornost morajo nameniti vidikom varnosti informacij in varstva zasebnosti.
Member States, in collaboration with industry, civil society associations, the Commission and other relevant stakeholders, should identify and provide examples of good practice in the implementation of RFID applications to inform and raise awareness among the general public.
Države članice v sodelovanju s stroko, organizacijami civilne družbe, Komisijo in drugimi ustreznimi zainteresiranimi stranmi ugotovijo in zagotovijo primere dobre prakse pri uvajanju aplikacij RFID, da bi obvestile širšo javnost in povečale njeno ozaveščenost.
They should also take appropriate measures, such as large-scale pilot projects, to increase public awareness of RFID technology, its benefits, risks and implications of use, as a prerequisite for wider take-up of this technology.
Izvajati morajo tudi ustrezne ukrepe, npr. obsežne pilotne projekte, s katerimi povečujejo ozaveščenost javnosti o tehnologiji RFID, njenih prednostih, tveganjih in posledicah uporabe, kar je pogoj za širšo uvedbo te tehnologije.
Member States should cooperate with industry, relevant civil society stakeholders and the Commission to stimulate and support the introduction of the ‘security and privacy by design’ principle at an early stage in the development of RFID applications.
Države članice sodelujejo s stroko, ustreznimi zainteresiranimi stranmi civilne družbe in Komisijo, da bi spodbudile in podprle uvedbo načela „varnosti in varstva zasebnosti pri snovanju sistemov“ že na začetku razvoja aplikacij RFID.
Member States should take all necessary measures to bring this Recommendation to the attention of all stakeholders which are involved in the design and operation of RFID applications within the Community.
Države članice sprejmejo vse ukrepe, potrebne za to, da se to priporočilo predstavi vsem zainteresiranim stranem, ki sodelujejo pri snovanju in delovanju aplikacij RFID v Skupnosti.
Member States should inform the Commission at the latest 24 months following the publication of this Recommendation in the Official Journal of the European Union of action taken in response to this Recommendation.
Države članice najpozneje 24 mesecev po objavi tega priporočila v Uradnem listu Evropske unije obvestijo Komisijo o ukrepih, s katerimi so se odzvale na to sporočilo.
Within three years from the publication of this Recommendation in the Official Journal of the European Union, the Commission will provide a report on the implementation of this Recommendation, its effectiveness and its impact on operators and consumers, in particular as regards the measures recommended in points 9 to 14.
V treh letih po objavi tega priporočila v Uradnem listu Evropske unije bo Komisija predložila poročilo o izvajanju tega priporočila, njegovi učinkovitosti in učinku na upravljavce in potrošnike, zlasti glede ukrepov iz točk 9 do 14.
COM(2007) 607 final.
COM(2007) 607 konč.
OJ C 101, 23.4.2008, p. 1.
UL C 101, 23.4.2008, str. 1.
COM(2007) 228 final.
COM (2007) 228 konč.
COM(2006) 251 final.
COM(2006) 251 konč.
OJ C 68, 24.3.2007, p. 1.
UL C 68, 24.3.2007, str. 1.
Article 2(1) of Regulation (EC) No 460/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 77, 13.3.2004, p. 1).
Člen 2(1) Uredbe (ES) št. 460/2004 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta.
of 7 May 2009
z dne 7. maja 2009
on the Regulatory Treatment of Fixed and Mobile Termination Rates in the EU
o regulaciji cen zaključevanja klicev v fiksnih in mobilnih omrežjih EU
Having regard to Directive 2002/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 March 2002 on a common regulatory framework for electronic communications networks and services (Framework Directive) [1] and in particular Article 19(1) thereof,
ob upoštevanju Direktive Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta 2002/21/ES z dne 7. marca 2002 o skupnem regulativnem okviru za elektronska komunikacijska omrežja in storitve (okvirna direktiva) [1] in zlasti člena 19(1) Direktive,
According to Article 8(3) of Directive 2002/21/EC, National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs) shall contribute to the development of the internal market, inter alia, by cooperating with each other and with the Commission in a transparent manner to ensure the development of consistent regulatory practice.
V skladu s členom 8(3) Direktive 2002/21/ES nacionalni regulativni organi (NRO) prispevajo k razvoju notranjega trga med drugim tako, da na pregleden način sodelujejo med seboj in s Komisijo, da bi zagotovili razvoj dosledne regulativne prakse.
However, during the assessment of more than 850 draft measures notified under Article 7 of Directive 2002/21/EC it appeared that inconsistencies in the regulation of voice call termination rates still exist.
Vendar je bilo med ocenjevanjem več kot 850 osnutkov ukrepov, priglašenih na podlagi člena 7 Direktive 2002/21/ES, ugotovljeno, da še vedno obstajajo nedoslednosti pri reguliranju cen zaključevanja govornega klica.
Although some form of cost orientation is generally provided for in most Member States, a divergence between price control measures prevails across the Member States.
Čeprav je v večini držav članic na splošno predvidena določena stroškovna naravnanost, se ukrepi za nadzorovanje cen še vedno večinoma razlikujejo.
In addition to a significant variety in the chosen costing tools, there are also different practices in implementing those tools.
Poleg številnih različnih instrumentov za razčlenitev stroškov se ti instrumenti tudi različno izvajajo.
This widens the spread between wholesale termination rates applied across the European Union, which can only be partly explained by national specificities.
To še povečuje razlike med veleprodajnimi cenami zaključevanja klicev v Evropski uniji, kar je mogoče le delno razložiti z nacionalnimi posebnostmi.
The European Regulators Group (ERG) established by Commission Decision 2002/627/EC [2] recognised this in its Common Position on symmetry of fixed call termination rates and symmetry of mobile call termination rates.
Skupina evropskih regulatorjev (ERG), ustanovljena s Sklepom Komisije 2002/627/ES [2], je to priznala v Skupnem stališču o simetričnosti cen zaključevanja klicev v fiksnem in mobilnem omrežju.
NRAs have also, in a number of cases, authorised higher termination rates for smaller fixed or mobile operators on the grounds that these operators are new entrants into the market and have not benefited from economies of scale and/or are subject to differing cost conditions.
NRO so obenem manjšim operaterjem fiksne ali mobilne telefonije večkrat odobrili višje cene zaključevanja klicev in to utemeljili tako, da so ti operaterji novi operaterji na trgu, ki še ne dosegajo prihrankov obsega, in/ali pa zanje veljajo drugačni stroškovni pogoji.
These asymmetries exist both within and across national boundaries, although they are slowly decreasing.
Te asimetrije so prisotne znotraj držav in prek državnih meja, čeprav postopoma izginjajo.
The ERG recognised in its Common Position that termination rates should normally be symmetric and asymmetry requires an adequate justification.
Skupina evropskih regulatorjev je v skupnem stališču priznala, da bi cene zaključevanja klicev običajno morale biti simetrične in da je treba asimetrijo primerno upravičiti.
Significant divergences in the regulatory treatment of fixed and mobile termination rates create fundamental competitive distortions.
Zelo različne regulacije cen zaključevanja klicev v fiksnih in mobilnih omrežjih bistveno izkrivljajo razmere na trgu.
Termination markets represent a situation of two-way access where both interconnecting operators are presumed to benefit from the arrangement but, as these operators are also in competition with each other for subscribers, termination rates can have important strategic and competitive implications.
Pri trgih zaključevanja klicev gre za dvostranski dostop, saj imata oba povezovalna operaterja koristi od povezovanja klicev, ker pa tudi tekmujeta med seboj za naročnike, imajo cene zaključevanja klicev pomembne strateške in konkurenčne posledice.
Where termination rates are set above efficient costs, this creates substantial transfers between fixed and mobile markets and consumers.
Kadar cene zaključevanja klicev presegajo dejanske stroške, to povzroči precejšnje premike med trgi fiksne in mobilne telefonije in uporabniki.
In addition, in markets where operators have asymmetric market shares, this can result in significant payments from smaller to larger competitors.
Poleg tega lahko pride na trgih, kjer imajo operaterji asimetrične tržne deleže, do precej večjih plačil manjših konkurentov večjim.
Furthermore, the absolute level of mobile termination rates remains high in a number of Member States compared to those applied in a number of countries outside of the European Union, and also compared to fixed termination rates generally, thus continuing to translate into high, albeit decreasing, prices for end-consumers.
Ob tem pa absolutne cene zaključevanja klicev v mobilnih omrežjih v primerjavi s cenami v številnih državah zunaj Evropske unije ter cenami zaključevanja klicev v fiksnih omrežjih na splošno v nekaterih državah članicah ostajajo visoke, kar pomeni visoke, čeprav padajoče cene za končne uporabnike.
High termination rates tend to lead to high retail prices for originating calls and correspondingly lower usage rates, thus decreasing consumer welfare.
Visoke cene zaključevanja klicev običajno pomenijo visoke maloprodajne cene odhodnih klicev, kar zmanjšuje njihovo uporabo ter posledično blaginjo potrošnikov.
The lack of harmonisation in the application of cost-accounting principles to termination markets to-date demonstrates a need for a common approach which will provide greater legal certainty and the right incentives for potential investors, and reduce the regulatory burden on existing operators that are currently active in several Member States.
Dosedanje pomanjkanje usklajevanja pri uporabi načel stroškovnega računovodstva na trgu zaključevanja klicev potrjuje, da je potreben skupni pristop, ki bo zagotovil večjo pravno varnost in spodbujal morebitne vlagatelje, obenem pa zmanjšal regulativno breme za obstoječe operaterje, ki trenutno delujejo v več državah članicah.
The objective of coherent regulation in termination markets is clear and recognised by the NRAs and has been repeatedly expressed by the Commission in the context of its assessment of draft measures under Article 7 of Directive 2002/21/EC.
Cilj enotne regulacije na trgih zaključevanja klicev je jasen; priznavajo ga NRO in Komisija ga je večkrat poudarila pri ocenjevanju osnutkov ukrepov na podlagi člena 7 Direktive 2002/21/ES.