natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
This can help the authority to determine the most effective and efficient way of managing the risk.
Tako lahko organ določi najučinkovitejši način obvladovanja tveganja.
With a serious risk in a consumer product, measures to reduce the risk may include withdrawal from the market or recall.
Kadar vključuje proizvod za potrošnike resno tveganje, sta med ukrepi za zmanjšanje tveganja lahko umik s trga ali odpoklic.
Lower levels of risk normally lead to less rigorous measures.
Nižje stopnje tveganja običajno zahtevajo manj stroge ukrepe.
It may then be sufficient to add warning labels on the product or to improve the instructions to make the product safe.
Zato je za varnost proizvoda primerno opremiti proizvod z opozorilnimi oznakami ali izboljšati navodila.
Thus, whatever the level of risk, the authority should consider whether to take action, and if so, what action.
Ne glede na stopnjo tveganja pa mora organ razmisliti o sprejemu ukrepov, in če se odloči za ukrepe, kakšni naj bi ti bili.
Nevertheless, there is no automatic link from risk to action.
Vendar med tveganjem in ukrepanjem ne obstaja samodejna povezava.
When a product shows several less-than-serious risks, and its overall risk is thus not serious, urgent action may be necessary since any of the risks may materialise quite quickly.
Kadar proizvod izkazuje več tveganj, ki so manjša od resnega tveganja, in celotno tveganje torej ni resno, bo morda potrebno nujno ukrepanje, saj se lahko katero koli od tveganj dokaj hitro uresniči.
The pattern of risks in the product may indicate a lack of quality control in production.
Vzorec tveganj v zvezi s proizvodom lahko kaže na pomanjkanje nadzora kakovosti med izdelavo.
It is also important to take account of exposure of the population as a whole.
Pomembno je tudi upoštevati izpostavljenost populacije kot celote.
Where there are a large number of products on the market and the product is therefore used by a large number of consumers, even a single less-than-serious risk may require quick action to avoid adverse effects to the health of consumers.
Kadar je na trgu veliko število proizvodov in zato proizvod uporablja veliko število potrošnikov, lahko tudi eno samo tveganje, ki je manjše od resnega tveganja, zahteva hitro ukrepanje, da se preprečijo škodljivi učinki za zdravje potrošnikov.
Less-than-serious risks may also require action when the product concerned could cause fatal accidents, even though such accidents may be extremely unlikely.
Tveganja, ki so manjša od resnega tveganja, lahko zahtevajo ukrepanje tudi v primeru, kadar bi lahko zadevni proizvod povzročil nesreče s smrtnim izidom, čeprav bi bile takšne nesreče zelo malo verjetne.
This could be the case with a fastening on a beverage container, which could come loose and be swallowed by a child, causing the child to choke to death.
Takšen primer bi bilo zapiralo na posodi za pijačo, ki bi ga otrok lahko odstranil in pogoltnil ter se z njim zadušil.
A simple change of design to the lid could eliminate the risk, and no further action might be required.
Preprosta sprememba v zasnovi pokrovčka bi lahko odpravila to tveganje in nadaljnje ukrepanje ne bi bilo potrebno.
Even a selling-off period may be granted if the risk of a fatal accident were indeed extremely small.
Če bi bilo tveganje za nesrečo s smrtnim izidom v resnici izredno majhno, bi se lahko odobrilo obdobje odprodaje proizvoda.
Other risk-related aspects may be the public perception of risk and its likely consequences, cultural and political sensitivities and how it is portrayed in the media.
Drugi vidiki, povezani s tveganjem, so javno dojemanje tveganja in možnih posledic tveganja, kulturna in politična občutljivost ter prikaz tveganja v medijih.
These aspects may be especially relevant when the consumers concerned are vulnerable, in particular children.
Ti vidiki so še posebej pomembni, kadar so zadevni potrošniki ranljivi, zlasti otroci.
It will be up to the national market surveillance authority(ies) to determine what measures are required.
O potrebnih ukrepih odločajo nacionalni organi za nadzor trga.
Taking action to counteract a risk may also depend on the product itself and the ‘minimum risks compatible with the product’s use, considered to be acceptable and consistent with a high level of protection’ [35].
Ukrepanje z namenom preprečevanja tveganja je lahko odvisno tudi od samega proizvoda in od „minimalnega tveganja, primernega uporabi proizvoda, ki je sprejemljivo in v skladu z visoko ravnjo zagotavljanja varnosti“ [35].
This minimum risk will probably be much lower for toys, where children are involved, than for a chain-saw, which is known to be so high-risk that solid protective equipment is required to keep the risk at a manageable level.
To minimalno tveganje bo verjetno precej manjše pri igračah, pri katerih so udeleženi otroci, kot pri verižni žagi, ki je poznana po tako veliki stopnji tveganja, da se zahteva močna varovalna oprema za ohranjanje tveganja na obvladljivi ravni.
Finally, even if there is no risk, action may be necessary, for example, when a product is non-compliant with the applicable regulation/legislation (e.g. incomplete markings).
Tudi če tveganja ni, je lahko potrebno ukrepanje, na primer, kadar proizvod ni v skladu z veljavnimi predpisi (npr. nepopolne označbe).
In conclusion, there is no automatic link from risk to action.
Samodejna povezava med tveganjem in ukrepanjem ne obstaja.
Surveillance authorities will take account of a range of factors such as those indicated above.
Nadzorni organi bodo upoštevali vrsto dejavnikov, kot so tisti, ki so bili prej navedeni.
The principle of proportionality always has to be considered, and action has to be effective.
Vedno je treba upoštevati načelo sorazmernosti, ukrep pa mora biti učinkovit.
Describe the product and its hazard.
Opišite proizvod in nevarnost.
Describe the product unambiguously.
Proizvod opišite nedvoumno.
Does the hazard concern the entire product or only a (separable) part of the product?
Ali se nevarnost nanaša na celoten proizvod ali samo na (ločljivi) del proizvoda?
Is there only one hazard within the product?
Ali proizvod vključuje samo eno nevarnost?
Are there several hazards?
Ali obstaja več nevarnosti?
See table 2 for guidance.
Za vodilo glej preglednico 2.
Identify the standard(s) or legislation applicable to the product.
Ugotovite, kateri standardi ali predpisi veljajo za proizvod.
Identify the type of consumer you want to include in your injury scenario with the hazardous product.
Opredelite vrsto potrošnika, ki ga želite vključiti v scenarij poškodb z nevarnim proizvodom.
Start with the intended user and the intended use of the product for your first injury scenario.
Pri prvem scenariju poškodbe začnite z osebo, ki ji je proizvod namenjen.
Take other consumers (See table 1) and uses for further scenarios.
Za naslednje scenarije uporabite druge potrošnike (glej preglednico 1) in uporabe.
Describe an injury scenario in which the product hazard(s) you have selected causes an injury(ies) or adverse health effect(s) to the consumer you selected.
Opišite scenarij poškodbe, v katerem nevarnosti proizvoda, ki ste jih izbrali, povzročijo poškodbe ali škodljive učinke za izbranega potrošnika.
Describe the steps to the injury(ies) clearly and concisely, without exaggerating the details (‘shortest path to injury’, ‘critical path to injury’).
Jasno in zgoščeno opišite korake do poškodb, brez nepotrebnih podrobnosti („najkrajša pot do poškodbe“, „kritična pot do poškodbe“).
If there are several concurrent injuries in your scenario, include them all in that same scenario.
Če vaš scenarij vključuje več sočasnih poškodb, vključite vse te poškodbe v isti scenarij.
When you describe the injury scenario, consider the frequency and duration of use, hazard recognition by the consumer, whether the consumer is vulnerable (in particular children), protective equipment, the consumer’s behaviour in the case of an accident, the consumer’s cultural background, and other factors that you consider important for the risk assessment.
Kadar opisujete scenarij poškodbe, upoštevajte pogostost in trajanje uporabe, potrošnikovo prepoznavanje nevarnosti, ali je potrošnik ranljiv (zlasti otroci), varovalno opremo, potrošnikovo vedenje v primeru nesreče, potrošnikovo kulturno ozadje in druge dejavnike, ki se vam zdijo pomembni za oceno tveganja.
See section 3.3 and table 2 for guidance.
Za vodilo glej oddelek 3.3 in preglednico 2.
Determine the severity of the injury.
Določite resnost poškodbe.
Determine the level of severity (1 to 4) of the injury to the consumer.
Določite stopnjo resnosti (1 do 4) poškodbe potrošnika.
If the consumer suffers from several injuries in your injury scenario, estimate the severity of all those injuries together.
Če v vašem scenariju potrošnik utrpi več poškodb, ocenite resnost vseh poškodb skupaj.
See table 3 for guidance.
Za vodilo glej preglednico 3.
Determine the probability of the injury scenario.
Določite verjetnost scenarija poškodbe.
Assign a probability to each step of your injury scenario.
Vsakemu koraku v vašem scenariju poškodbe določite verjetnost.
Multiply the probabilities to calculate the overall probability of your injury scenario.
Pomnožite verjetnosti in izračunajte celotno verjetnost scenarija poškodbe.
See left-hand side of table 4 for guidance.
Za vodilo glej levo stran preglednice 4.
Determine the risk level.
Določite stopnjo tveganja.
Combine the severity of the injury and the overall probability of the injury scenario and check the risk level in table 4.
Združite resnost poškodbe in celotno verjetnost scenarija poškodbe ter preverite stopnjo tveganja v preglednici 4.
Check whether the risk level is plausible.
Preverite verjetnost stopnje tveganja.
If the risk level does not seem plausible, or if you are uncertain about the severity of injury(ies) or about the probability(ies), move them one level up and down and recalculate the risk.
Če se stopnja tveganja ne zdi verjetna ali ste negotovi glede resnosti poškodb oziroma verjetnosti, jih pomaknite za eno stopnjo navzgor in navzdol ter ponovno izračunajte tveganje.
This ‘sensitivity analysis’ will show you whether the risk changes when your input changes.
Ta „analiza občutljivosti“ bo pokazala, ali se tveganje spremeni s spremembo vnosa.
If the risk level remains the same, you can be quite confident of your risk assessment.
Če ostane stopnja tveganja enaka, ste lahko dokaj prepričani v svojo oceno tveganja.
If it changes easily, you may want to err on the safe side and take the higher risk level as ‘the risk’ of the consumer product.
Če se zlahka spremeni, se boste morda odločili za varnejši pristop in kot „tveganje“, ki ga predstavlja proizvod za potrošnike, upoštevali večjo stopnjo tveganja.
You could also discuss the plausibility of the risk level with experienced colleagues.
O verjetnosti stopnje tveganja se lahko posvetujete tudi z izkušenimi sodelavci.
Develop several injury scenarios to identify the highest risk of the product.
Izdelajte več scenarijev poškodbe za opredelitev največje stopnje tveganja, ki jo predstavlja proizvod.
If your first injury scenario identifies a risk level below the highest risk level set out in these guidelines, and if you think that the product may pose a higher risk than the one identified,
Če vaš prvi scenarij poškodbe opredeljuje stopnjo tveganja, ki je manjša od največje stopnje tveganja iz teh smernic, in če lahko po vašem mnenju proizvod predstavlja večje tveganje od ugotovljenega:
select other consumers (including vulnerable consumers, in particular children);
izberite druge potrošnike (vključno z ranljivimi potrošniki, zlasti otroki),
identify other uses (including reasonably foreseeable uses),
opredelite druge uporabe (vključno z razumno predvidljivimi uporabami),
in order to determine which injury scenario puts the product at its highest risk.
da določite, kateri scenarij poškodb predstavlja največje tveganje, povezano s proizvodom.
The highest risk is normally ‘the risk’ of the product that allows the most effective risk management measures.
Največje tveganje je običajno „tveganje“, ki ga predstavlja proizvod, ki omogoča najučinkovitejše ukrepe za obvladovanje tveganja.
In specific cases, a particular hazard may lead to a less-than-highest risk and require specific risk management measures.
V posebnih primerih lahko določena nevarnost vodi do tveganja, ki je manjše od največjega, in zahteva posebne ukrepe za obvladovanje tveganja.
This has to be taken duly into account.
To je treba ustrezno upoštevati.
As a rule of thumb, injury scenarios may lead to the highest risk level set out in these guidelines where:
Kot pravilo palca lahko scenariji poškodbe vodijo do največje stopnje tveganja iz teh smernic, kadar:
the injury(ies) considered are at least at levels 3 or 4;
so obravnavane poškodbe vsaj na 3. ali 4. stopnji,
the overall probability of an injury scenario is at least > 1/100.
je celotna verjetnost scenarija poškodbe vsaj > 1/100.
See table 4 for guidance.
Za vodilo glej preglednico 4.
Document and pass on your risk assessment.
Dokumentirajte in posredujte oceno tveganja.
Be transparent and also set out all the uncertainties that you encountered when making your risk assessment.
Bodite jasni in predstavite tudi vse negotovosti, s katerimi ste se srečali med izvajanjem ocene tveganja.
Examples for reporting risk assessments are provided in section 6 of these guidelines.
Primeri poročanja o oceni tveganja so navedeni v oddelku 6 teh smernic.
Schematic flow of risk assessment
Shematski prikaz ocene tveganja
Describe the product unambiguously, and its hazard(s)
Nedvoumno opišite proizvod in njegove nevarnosti
See table 2: Hazards ...
Glej preglednico 2: Nevarnosti...
Size, shape and surface
Velikost, oblika in površina
Potential energy
Potencialna energija
Kinetic energy
Kinetična energija
Fire and explosion
Požar in eksplozija
Identify consumer(s)
Opredelite potrošnike
See table 1: Consumer types, incl. vulnerable consumers (in particular children)
Glej preglednico 1: Vrste potrošnikov, vklj. z ranljivimi potrošniki (zlasti otroci)
Intended/non-intended user
oseba, ki ji je proizvod namenjen/ji proizvod ni namenjen
Intended and reasonably foreseeable use
nameravana in razumno predvidena uporaba
Frequency and duration of use
pogostost in trajanje uporabe
Hazard recognition/protective behaviour...
prepoznavanje nevarnosti/zaščitno vedenje ...
Consumer behaviour in the case of an incident
vedenje potrošnikov ob nezgodi
Consumer’s cultural background
kulturno ozadje potrošnika.
Describe the Injury scenario in several steps:
Opišite scenarij poškodbe v več korakih:
‘Shortest path to injury’
„Najkrajša pot do poškodbe”
Determine the severity of the injury
Določite resnost poškodbe
See table 3: Severity of injury
Glej preglednico 3: Resnost poškodbe
Laceration, cut
raztrganina, vreznina
Bruising
odrgnina
Concussion
pretres možganov
Entrapment/pinching
ujetje/uščip
Sprain, strain, musculoskeletal disorder
izvin, preteg, kostno-mišična obolenja
Dislocation
izpah
Fracture
zlom
Crushing
zdrobitev
Amputation
amputacija
Determine the probability
Določite verjetnost
Assign a probability to each step.Multiply to get the overall probability
Določite verjetnost za vsak korak. Pomnožite, da dobite celotno yerjetnost.
See table 4: Probability levels from high (> 50 %) to low (< 1/1 000 000)
Glej preglednico 4: Stopnje veijetnosti od velike (> 50 %) do majhne (< 1/1 000 000)
Look up the Risk in Table 4
Preverite tveganje v preglednici 4
Highest risk identified?
Ugotovljeno največje tveganje
Pass on the risk assessment
Posreduj oceno tveganja
A folding chair has a folding mechanism constructed in such a way that the user’s fingers can get trapped between the seat and the folding mechanism.
Zložljivi stol ima mehanizem za zlaganje, ki je oblikovan tako, da se prsti uporabnika lahko ujamejo med sedež in mehanizem.
This can lead to fractures or even loss of one or more fingers.
To lahko povzroči zlome ali celo izgubo enega ali več prstov.
Determination of risk(s)
Določitev tveganja(tveganj)
Injury scenario
Scenarij poškodbe
Injury type and location
Vrsta in mesto poškodbe
Overall probability
Celotna verjetnost
Person unfolds the chair, grips seat close to the back corner by mistake (Person inattentive/distracted), finger gets caught between seat and backrest
Oseba razstavi stol in po nesreči zagrabi sedalo v bližini zadnjega vogala (oseba je nepazljiva/nezbrana), prst se ujame med sedalo in oporo za hrbet.
Minor pinching of finger
Manjši uščip prsta
Unfolding the chair
Razstavljanje stola
Finger gets caught
Prst se ujame
Minor pinching
manjši uščip
Sitting on chair
Sedenje na stolu
Chair partially folds, creating a gap between the backrest and seat
Stol se delno zloži in ustvari režo med oporo za hrbet in sedalom
Finger is between backrest and seat
Prst je med oporo za hrbet in sedalom
This case deals with socket protectors.
Ta primer obravnava varovala za vtičnice.
These are devices that users (parents) put into the electrical socket outlets to stop small children from accessing live parts by putting a long metal object into one of the holes in the outlet and getting a (fatal) electric shock.
To so naprave, ki jih uporabniki (starši) vstavijo v odprtine električnih vtičnic, da preprečijo majhnim otrokom dostop do delov pod napetostjo z vtikanjem dolgega kovinskega predmeta v eno izmed odprtin vtičnice in utrpijo (smrtni) električni udar.
The holes in this particular protector (where the pins of the plug go through) are so narrow that the pins can get stuck.
Odprtine v teh varovalih (v katere se vtakne vtikač) so tako ozke, da se lahko vtikač zatakne.
This means that the user may pull the protector off the outlet when the plug is pulled out.
To pomeni, da uporabnik lahko izvleče varovalo iz vtičnice, ko bo izvlekel vtikač.
The user may not notice this happening.
Uporabnik morda ne bo opazil, da se je to zgodilo.
Protector is removed from the socket, which becomes unprotected.
Varovalo je odstranjeno iz vtičnice, ki ni več zavarovana.
Child is playing with thin conductible object, which can be inserted into the socket, accessing high voltage and is electrocuted.
Otrok se igra s tankim prevodnim predmetom, ki ga je mogoče vtakniti v vtičnico, pride v stik z električno napetostjo in umre zaradi električnega udara.
Electrocution
smrt zaradi električnega udara.
Removal of protector
Odstranitev varovala
Not noticing the removal of protector
Prezrta odstranitev varovala
Child is unattended when playing
Otrok je med igro brez varstva
Electrocution due to voltage (without circuit interrupter)
Smrtni električni udar zaradi električne napetosti (brez varovalke)
Low risk
Nizko tveganje
Burn due to electric current (without circuit interrupter)
Opekline zaradi električnega toka (brez varovalke)
Socket unprotected.
Nezavarovana vtičnica.
Child is playing with thin conductible object
Otrok se igra s tankim prevodnim predmetom
The overall risk of the socket protectors is thus ‘serious’.
Celotno tveganje varovala za vtičnice je torej „resno“.
The factors used to calculate the risk of an injury scenario, namely the severity of the injury and the probability, often have to be estimated.
Pogosto je treba oceniti dejavnike, ki se uporabljajo za izračun tveganja v scenariju poškodbe, in sicer resnost poškodbe ter verjetnost.
This creates uncertainty.
To ustvarja negotovost.
Probability in particular can be difficult to estimate, since the behaviour of consumers, for example, can be difficult to predict.
Zlasti verjetnost je težko oceniti, saj je na primer vedenje potrošnikov težko predvideti.
Does a person perform a certain action often or only occasionally?
Ali izvaja oseba posebno dejanje pogosto ali le občasno?
It is therefore important to consider the level of uncertainty of the two factors and to make a sensitivity analysis.
Zato je treba upoštevati stopnjo negotovosti obeh dejavnikov in izvesti analizo občutljivosti.
The purpose of this analysis is to establish how much the risk level varies when the estimated factors vary.
Namen te analize je določiti spremembo stopnje tveganja glede na spremembo ocenjenih dejavnikov.
The example below only shows the variation of probability, since the severity of the injury is usually predicted with more certainty.
Spodnji primer prikazuje samo spremembo verjetnosti, saj lahko resnost poškodbe običajno napovemo z večjo gotovostjo.
A practical way of performing the sensitivity analysis is to repeat the risk assessment for a certain scenario, but to use a different probability for one or more steps in the scenario.
Praktični način izvedbe analize občutljivosti je ponovitev ocene tveganja za določen scenarij, vendar z uporabo drugačne verjetnosti za enega ali več korakov v scenariju.
For example, a candle containing seeds could cause a fire, because the seeds can catch fire and generate high flames.
Na primer, sveča, ki vsebuje semena, lahko povzroči požar, ker se semena vnamejo in gorijo z visokim plamenom.
Furniture or curtains can catch fire and persons not in the room could inhale toxic fumes and suffer fatal poisoning:
Pohištvo ali zavese se lahko vnamejo in osebe, ki niso v sobi, vdihavajo strupen dim ter se zastrupijo in umrejo:
Resulting proba-bility
Verjetnost
Seeds or beans catch fire generating high flames.
Semena ali zrna se vnamejo in gorijo z visokim plamenom.
Furniture or curtains catch fire.
Pohištvo ali zavese se vnamejo.
Persons are not in room, but inhale toxic fumes.
Osebe niso v sobi, vendar vdihavajo strupen dim.
Fatal poisoning
Zastrupitev s smrtnim izidom
Seeds or beans catch fire: 90 % (0,9)
Semena ali zrna se vnamejo: 90 % (0,9).
People not in the room for some time: 30 % (0,3)
Osebe, ki jih nekaj časa ni bilo v sobi: 30 % (0,3).
Furniture or curtains catch fire: 50 % (0,5) (depends on surface on which candle is placed)
Pohištvo ali zavese se vnamejo: 50 % (0,5) (odvisno od površine, na kateri je sveča)
Persons inhale toxic fumes: 5 % (0,05)
Osebe vdihavajo strupen dim: 5 % (0,05).
Serious
Resno
The probability levels for the steps in the scenario were estimated as shown in the table.
Stopnje verjetnosti za korake iz scenarija so bile ocenjene, kot je prikazano v preglednici.
The overall probability is 0,00675, which corresponds to > 1/1000 in table 4.
Celotna verjetnost je 0,00675, kar ustreza > 1/1000 v preglednici 4.
This leads to the conclusion of ‘serious risk’.
Iz tega izhaja, da gre za „resno tveganje“.
Note that the exact probability is closer to 1/100 than to 1/1000, which already gives some confidence in the risk level because it is a little deeper in the serious risk area of table 4 than the > 1/1000 row suggests.
Upoštevati je treba, da je natančna verjetnost bližje 1/100 kot 1/1000, kar že daje določeno mero zaupanja v stopnjo tveganja, saj je globlje v območju resnega tveganja v preglednici 4 kot predvideva vrstica > 1/1000.
Suppose we are uncertain about the 5 % probability that persons inhale the toxic fumes.
Domnevajmo, da nismo gotovi glede 5 % verjetnosti, da osebe vdihavajo strupeni dim.
We could put it at a much lower 0,1 % (0,001 = 1 in a thousand).
Verjetnost lahko močno zmanjšamo na 0,1 % (0,001 = 1 na tisoč).
If we recalculate with that assumption, the overall probability is 0,000135, which translates into > 1/10000.
Če naredimo ponoven izračun s to domnevo, je celotna verjetnost 0,000135, kar pomeni > 1/10000.
Nevertheless, the risk is still serious.
Kljub temu pa je tveganje še vedno resno.
Even if for some reason the probability were to be a factor of 10 lower, the risk would still be high.
Tudi če bi bila verjetnost iz katerega koli razloga za faktor 10 manjša, bi bilo tveganje še vedno veliko.
Therefore, although the probability may vary 10- or 100-fold, we still find a serious or high risk (the latter being quite close to ‘serious’).
Zato kljub temu, da se lahko verjetnost spremeni od 10- do 100-kratno, tveganje še vedno ostane resno ali veliko (slednje je precej blizu „resnega“).
Thus, this sensitivity analysis lets us confidently assess the risk as serious.
Z analizo občutljivosti lahko tveganje z gotovostjo ocenimo kot resno.