natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The Frascati Manual provides criteria for distinguishing R & D from related scientific, technological and industrial activities.
Ta priročnik vključuje merila, na podlagi katerih je mogoče ločiti R & R od drugih znanstvenih, tehnoloških in industrijskih dejavnosti.
The basic criterion proposed by the Manual is the existence, in the case of R & D, of an appreciable element of novelty and the resolution of scientific and/or technological uncertainty.
Temeljno merilo iz priročnika je obstoj, kar zadeva R & R, bistvene novosti ter odpravljanje znanstvene in/ali tehnološke negotovosti.
There are a number of supplementary criteria in the form of the objectives of projects, the unknown nature of the phenomena, structures or relationships on which projects are based, the novel application of knowledge or techniques already acquired, the likelihood that projects will result in new (extended or deeper) understanding of phenomena, relationships or manipulative principles likely to be of interest to more than one organisation, the patentability of results, the type of staff working on projects, the methods used, the general nature of the findings or results of a project and, where applicable, the more natural classification of the project in other fields of activity.
Dodatna merila vključujejo zlasti cilje projektov, neznane lastnosti pojavov, struktur ali odnosov, s katerimi so povezani projekti, nov način uporabe že pridobljenega znanja ali tehnik, veliko verjetnost, da se bo s projekti pridobilo novo razumevanje (bolj obsežno ali poglobljeno) pojavov, odnosov ali načel obravnave, ki bi bili lahko zanimivi za več kot eno organizacijo, dejstvo, da je mogoče rezultate patentirati, vrsto osebja, ki sodeluje pri projektih, uporabljene metode, splošne značilnosti sklepov in rezultatov projekta ter po potrebi običajno razvrstitev projekta v druge kategorije dejavnosti.
Lastly, the Frascati Manual states that ‘If the primary objective is to make further technical improvements on the product or process, then the work comes within the definition of R & D. If, on the other hand, the product, process or approach is substantially set and the primary objective is to develop markets, to do pre-production planning or to get a production or control system working smoothly, the work is no longer R & D’.
Poleg tega priročnik Frascati določa: „če je glavni cilj prizadevanja odkritje novih tehničnih izboljšav izdelka ali postopka, gre za R & R. Če je v nasprotnem primeru izdelek, postopek ali pristop v veliki meri „fiksen“ in če je glavni cilj iskanje prodajnih možnosti, razvoj načrtov za predproizvodnjo ali zagotavljanje dobrega delovanja proizvodnega ali nadzornega sistema, ne gre za R & R“.
The Commission notes that the activities carried on by IFP in collaboration with its subsidiary Axens concern the development of new processes and new products (catalysts and adsorbents) for the lowest-cost and eco-friendly production of fuels and petrochemical intermediates from all accessible carbon sources.
Komisija ugotavlja, da so dejavnosti, ki jih opravlja skupina IFP v sodelovanju s svojo hčerinsko družbo Axens, povezane z razvojem novih postopkov in novih izdelkov (katalizatorjev, adsorbentov) pri proizvodnji goriva in petrokemičnih vmesnih izdelkov, ki so čim cenejši in okolju prijazni, in sicer iz vseh razpoložljivih virov ogljika.
It notes that the activities carried on by IFP in collaboration with its subsidiary Prosernat concern the development of new processes and equipment for natural gas treatment and sulphur recovery.
Komisija ugotavlja, da so dejavnosti, ki jih skupina IFP izvaja v sodelovanju s svojo hčerinsko družbo Prosernat, povezane z razvojem novih postopkov in opreme za predelavo zemeljskega plina in razžveplanje.
In this context, the novelty of projects lies in the component parts, their relationships and/or the characteristics of the target processes or products.
V tem smislu so novost projektov sestavni deli, odnosi med njimi in/ali značilnosti postopkov ali ciljnih izdelkov.
On each project, sticking points are identified.
Vsak projekt ima opredeljene mrtve točke.
By way of illustration, IFP has carried out a project aimed at developing a new process for producing high-octane paraffin bases from heavier charges than those currently treated, making it possible to tackle the problem of reducing the aromatics content of the petrol pool.
Skupina IFP je na primer izvršila projekt, katerega cilj je vzpostavitev novega postopka proizvodnje parafinskih osnov z visokim oktanskim številom s precej večjimi stroški od sedanjih, pri čemer se lahko razreši težava zmanjšanja vsebnosti aromatičnih snovi v skupini bencinov.
The Commission takes into account, moreover, the fact that the State-supported work takes place prior to type approval of the processes and products.
Poleg tega Komisija upošteva dejstvo, da se dela, za katera se prejema javna pomoč, izvajajo pred odobritvijo postopkov in izdelkov.
It notes that the results of the projects carried out are wide in scope and patented, that the staff employed on the projects consists mainly of research workers and technicians and that the methods are based on experimentation, interpretation and modelling.
Poleg tega ugotavlja, da imajo rezultati opravljenih projektov širok pomen in jih je mogoče patentirati, da osebje, ki sodeluje pri teh projektih, večinoma sestavljajo raziskovalci in tehniki ter da metode temeljijo na poskusih, razlagi in oblikovanju.
Lastly, the Commission observes that activities of the same type carried on by other operators in the sector are usually classified as research activities [40].
Na koncu Komisija ugotavlja, da so enake dejavnosti, ki jih izvajajo drugi nosilci dejavnosti v tem sektorju, običajno razvrščene kot raziskovalne dejavnosti [40].
In conclusion, the Commission cannot accept the complainant’s argument that the activities to which the present proceeding relates cannot be classed as R & D. The Commission considers, on the contrary, that the activities carried on by IFP in collaboration with its subsidiaries do fall under the heading of R & D.
Komisija na koncu ne more sprejeti trditve pritožnika, ki izpostavlja, da dejavnosti, ki so predmet tega postopka, ne morejo biti opredeljene kot R & R. Komisija nasprotno ocenjuje, da dejavnosti, ki jih izvaja skupina IFP v sodelovanju s svojimi hčerinskimi družbami, spadajo na področje R & R.
Inasmuch as what is at issue is State aid for R & D work, the rules applicable for the purposes of examining its compatibility are the rules on State aid for research and development.
Kar zadeva državno pomoč za dejavnosti na področju R & R, v zvezi s preverjanjem združljivosti veljajo pravila o državni pomoči za raziskave in razvoj.
To the extent that the aid, which stems from the existence of commercial subsidiaries with which IFP concluded exclusive agreements between 1 January 2001 and 1 January 2003, is considered unlawful as from 1 January 2003, the rules applicable for the purposes of examining its compatibility are those of the 1996 R & D framework.
Če se obravnava, da je pomoč, ki temelji na obstoju gospodarskih hčerinskih družb, s katerimi je družba IFP sklenila izključne sporazume od 1. januarja 2001 do 1. januarja 2003, nezakonita od 1. januarja 2003, pravila o preverjanju združljivosti izhajajo iz okvira za R & R iz leta 1996.
Research stages
Faze raziskovanja
Annex I to the 1996 R & D framework provides a definition of industrial research and pre-competitive development activity:
Priloga I okvira za R & R iz leta 1996 vključuje opredelitev industrijskega raziskovanja in dejavnosti predkonkurenčnega razvoja:
industrial research consists of planned research or critical investigation ‘aimed at the acquisition of new knowledge, the objective being that such knowledge may be useful in developing new products, processes or services or in bringing about a significant improvement in existing products, processes or services’;
industrijske raziskave so načrtovane raziskave ali kritične preiskave, „katerih namen je pridobivanje novega znanja in cilj katerih je, da je to znanje uporabno pri razvijanju novih izdelkov, procesov ali storitev ali pri zagotavljanju pomembnih izboljšav obstoječih proizvodov, procesov ali storitev“;
pre-competitive development activity is aimed at ‘the shaping of the results of industrial research into a plan, arrangement or design for new, altered or improved products, processes or services, whether they are intended to be sold or used, including the creation of an initial prototype which could not be used commercially.
cilj dejavnosti predkonkurenčnega razvoja je „oblikovanje rezultatov industrijskih raziskav v načrt, ureditev ali zasnovo za nove, spremenjene ali izboljšane izdelke, procese ali storitve, če so ti namenjeni za prodajo ali uporabo, vključno z ustvarjanjem začetnega prototipa, ki ga ni mogoče uporabiti v tržne namene.
This may also include the conceptual formulation and design of other products, processes or services and initial demonstration projects or pilot projects, provided that such projects cannot be converted or used for industrial applications or commercial exploitation.
To lahko vključuje tudi konceptualno oblikovanje in zasnovo drugih izdelkov, procesov ali storitev ter začetne predstavitvene projekte ali pilotne projekte, če teh projektov ni mogoče spremeniti ali uporabiti za industrijsko uporabo ali izkoristiti v tržne namene.
It does not include the routine or periodic changes made to products, production lines, manufacturing processes, existing services and other operations in progress, even if such changes may represent improvements’.
Ne vključuje rutinskih ali rednih sprememb izdelkov, proizvodnih linij, proizvodnih procesov, obstoječih storitev in drugih dejavnosti v teku, tudi če bi take spremembe lahko predstavljale izboljšave.“
In this context, the Commission has examined the work cycle and allocation resulting from the industrial research agreement between IFP and its subsidiary Axens and the complete lists of and explanatory notes to projects carried out between 2003 and 2006 supplied by France:
V tem smislu je Komisija preverila potek in razdelitev del na podlagi konvencije o industrijskem raziskovanju, ki zavezuje skupino IFP in njeno hčerinsko družbo Axens, ter popolne sezname in informacijske liste o projektih, opravljenih od leta 2003 do leta 2006, ki jih je predložila Francija.
IFP conducts research work.
Skupina IFP izvaja raziskave.
The work seeks to examine the feasibility of a synthesis route and corresponds to feasibility studies preparatory to industrial research work within the meaning of the 1996 R & D framework:
Cilj teh raziskav je zagotoviti izvedljivost na podlagi sinteze in so povezane s pripravljalnimi študijami izvedljivosti za industrijsko raziskovanje v smislu okvira za R & R iz leta 1996:
for a catalyst, samples based on small quantities (of the order of a gram), often in powder form, are prepared and tested with a view to studying the chemical reactions.
pri katalizatorjih se pri preučevanju kemičnih reakcij pripravijo in testirajo majhni vzorci (v količini enega grama), pogosto v obliki prahu.
This stage leads to the description of a procedure for preparing a catalyst sample presenting a desired activity or selectivity;
Ta faza se konča z opisom metode, na podlagi katere je mogoče pripraviti vzorec katalizatorja, ki predstavlja dejavnost in/ali iskano selektivnost;
for a technology or a process, feasibility is established from digital simulations, paper studies of models and experimentation with concepts.
kar zadeva tehnologijo ali postopek, izvedljivost temelji na numeričnih simulacijah, pisnih študijah načrtov in preskusih zamisli.
Next, a preliminary examination is made of the patent situation in order to ascertain the innovativeness of the research.
Poleg tega se opravi predhodni pregled položaja v zvezi s patenti, da se zagotovi inovativnost raziskav.
At the end of this examination, IFP presents a scientific and technical dossier to its subsidiary, which exercises its right of first refusal.
Po koncu teh dejavnosti skupina IFP predstavi znanstveno in tehnično dokumentacijo svoji hčerinski družbi, ki ima pravico do prve zavrnitve.
When Axens wishes to carry on the research on the basis of the dossier, IFP performs industrial research work ‘aimed at acquiring the new knowledge or bringing about the improvements needed to develop new processes, products and technologies or improve those which already exist’ (visant à acquérir les connaissances nouvelles ou les perfectionnements, permettant la mise au point de nouveaux procédés, produits et technologies ou le perfectionnement de ceux qui existent déjà) [41].
Če želi družba Axens nadaljevati raziskave na podlagi take dokumentacije, skupina IFP opravi industrijske raziskave, „katerih cilj je pridobivanje novega znanja ali izboljšav, kar omogoča vzpostavitev novih postopkov, izdelkov in tehnologij ali izpopolnitev že obstoječih postopkov, izdelkov in tehnologij“ [41].
The work consists in studying new synthesis routes or their improvement, on a scale unrelated to the industrial scale.
Te raziskave vključujejo študijo novih načinov sinteze ali njihove izpopolnitve na ravni, ki ni povezana z industrijsko ravnjo.
The Commission considers that it is aimed at validating concepts and that it comes under the heading of industrial research within the meaning of the 1996 R & D framework:
Komisija ocenjuje, da je njihov cilj potrditev zamisli in da temeljijo na industrijskih raziskavah v smislu okvira za R & R iz leta 1996:
for a catalyst, this stage covers experimentation into new synthesis routes.
pri katalizatorjih ta faza vključuje preskušanje novih načinov sinteze.
The formulation defined during the research work is tested on samples of the order of a kilogram, the change of scale generating most of the time differences in structure and properties.
Formulacija, določena na podlagi raziskav, se testira na kilogramskih serijah, pri čemer se v večini primerov zaradi te spremembe obsega spremenijo lastnosti in struktura.
A summary and detailed analyses are produced of the effluent from the catalyst thus obtained and the effects of inhibitors and poisons are studied;
Pripravi se popis stanja in natančne analize odplak, ki jih povzroči pridobljeni katalizator, ter vplivi inhibitorskih sestavin in strupov;
for a process, the industrial research work seeks to study the basic elements of the technologies, the appropriate conditions for implementing the catalyst and the dimensioning elements of the reaction system.
kar zadeva postopek, je cilj industrijskega raziskovanja preučiti osnovne elemente tehnoloških postopkov, primerne pogoje za izdelavo katalizatorja in elemente za dimenzioniranje odzivnega sistema.
A digital model is constructed by mapping the performance generated.
Digitalni model je sestavljen na podlagi nastalega kartiranja uspešnosti.
Once the industrial research work is completed, a catalyst or process dossier is delivered by IFP to its subsidiary.
Po koncu industrijskega raziskovanja skupina IFP svoji hčerinski družbi predloži dokumentacijo o katalizatorju.
At this stage, Axens may decide to proceed with development by conducting pre-competitive development work in order to prepare for industrialisation.
V tej fazi se družba Axens odloči o morebitnem nadaljevanju razvoja na podlagi dejavnosti predkonkurenčnega razvoja za pripravo na industrializacijo.
The work during this stage covers testing and consolidation of the results of the work done during the stage described in recital 177 on prototypes representing the industrial chain:
Delo v tej fazi vključuje preskušanje in usklajevanje rezultatov dela iz faze, opisane v uvodni izjavi 177 o prototipih, značilnih za industrijsko verigo:
for a catalyst, a product test batch is produced at a scale representative of the industrial chain by adapting the operating procedures resulting from the industrial research work.
pri katalizatorjih se poskusna serija izdelka proizvede v obsegu, ki je značilen za industrijsko verigo, pri čemer se prilagodijo načini delovanja na podlagi industrijskega raziskovanja.
This adaptation may give rise to raw material changes for cost, hygiene, safety or environmental reasons.
Na podlagi te prilagoditve se po potrebi spremenijo surovine zaradi stroškov, higiene, varnosti ali okolja.
The prototypes are tested on a reference charge and modified to achieve the desired performance.
Testira se referenčna obremenitev prototipov, pri čemer se ti prototipi spremenijo, da bi dosegli želeno zmogljivost.
Tests are carried out to supplement the mapping of the catalyst’s performance.
Opravijo se preskusi za kartiranje uspešnosti katalizatorja.
Only at this stage is the choice of analysers and equipment decided on;
Le v tej fazi se določijo analizatorji in oprema;
for a process, a risk analysis study is conducted; industrial models of processes or combinations of processes are produced and a process white paper detailing the management of events is drawn up.
v zvezi s postopkom se izvede študija analize tveganja; pripravijo se industrijske zasnove postopkov ali kombinacije postopkov in bela knjiga o postopkih, ki določa upravljanje dogodkov.
A committee of experts is appointed to decide on and validate the product or process type approval stages.
Poleg tega se imenuje odbor strokovnjakov, ki določi in potrdi stopnje odobritve izdelka ali postopka.
It is not until after type approval, which makes it possible to verify whether environmental and safety constraints have been effectively taken into account, that the decision is taken to market or industrially launch [42] the process and/or product.
Šele po odobritvi, na podlagi katere se lahko preveri, ali so se dejansko upoštevale okoljske in varnostne omejitve, se lahko sprejme odločitev o dajanju postopka in/ali izdelka na trg, izdelek in/ali postopek pa se lahko prvič uporabi v industriji [42].
The products and processes resulting from the research work are thus not marketed until after they have been type approved nor are they industrially launched before that stage.
Tako se izdelki in postopki, ki nastanejo na podlagi teh del, tržijo šele po njihovi odobritvi in se v okviru teh del ne uporabijo v industriji.
The Commission considers that this work cannot be equated with routine operations on the industrial chain inasmuch as it lies outside the scope of industrial exploitation.
Komisija ocenjuje, da teh del ni mogoče primerjati z rutinskimi dejavnostmi v zvezi z industrijsko verigo, zlasti če so zunaj okvira industrijskega izkoriščanja.
Regarding the work carried out by IFP in collaboration with its subsidiary Prosernat, the Commission observes that the work cycle and allocation between IFP and its subsidiary Prosernat are governed by an industrial research agreement which, applied to gas treatment and sulphur recovery technologies, follows the same pattern as the industrial research agreement between IFP and its subsidiary Axens.
Kar zadeva dela, ki jih skupina IFP opravi v sodelovanju s svojo hčerinsko družbo Prosernat, Komisija ugotavlja, da potek in razdelitev del med skupino IFP in njeno hčerinsko družbo Prosernat ureja konvencija o industrijskem raziskovanju, ki se uporablja na področju tehnoloških postopkov za predelavo plina in razžveplanje ter temelji na enakem modelu kot konvencija o industrijskem raziskovanju, ki zavezuje skupino IFP in njeno hčerinsko družbo Axens.
This analysis is confirmed by an examination of the complete lists of and explanatory notes to projects carried out between 2003 and 2006 supplied by France.
Ta analiza se je potrdila pri preverjanju popolnih seznamov in informacijskih listov o projektih, opravljenih od leta 2003 do leta 2006, ki jih je predložila Francija.
The Commission cannot therefore accept UOP’s argument that the State aid for the economic activities of IFP and its subsidiaries Axens and Prosernat constitutes operating aid.
Komisija se zato ne more strinjati s trditvijo družbe UOP, da je državna pomoč za gospodarske dejavnosti skupine IFP ter njenih hčerinskih družb Axens in Prosernat pomoč za tekoče poslovanje.
Annex II to the 1996 R & D framework specifies the costs which may be taken into account in calculating the intensity of aid for research and development:
Priloga II k okviru za R & R iz leta 1996 določa odhodke, ki se lahko upoštevajo pri izračunu intenzivnosti pomoči za raziskave in razvoj:
personnel costs (researchers, technicians and other supporting staff employed solely on the research activity),
stroški osebja (raziskovalci, tehniki in drugo podporno osebje, ki so zaposleni izključno za raziskovalno dejavnost),
costs of instruments, equipment, and land and premises used solely and on a continual basis (except where transferred commercially) for the research activity,
stroški instrumentov, opreme ter stavb in zemljišč, ki se izključno in stalno (razen v primeru komercialnega prenosa) uporabljajo pri raziskovalni dejavnosti,
cost of consultancy and equivalent services used exclusively for the research activity, including the research, technical knowledge and patents, etc. bought from outside sources,
stroški svetovalnih in drugih ustreznih storitev, uporabljenih izključno za raziskovalne dejavnosti, vključno z raziskavami, tehničnim znanjem, patenti itd., kupljenih pri zunanjih virih,
additional overheads incurred directly as a result of the research activity,
dodatni režijski stroški, nastali neposredno kot posledica raziskovalne dejavnosti,
other operating expenses (e.g. costs of materials, supplies and similar products) incurred directly as a result of the research activity.
drugi operativni stroški (na primer stroški materiala, zalog in podobnih izdelkov), nastali neposredno kot posledica raziskovalne dejavnosti.
Annex II to the 1996 R & D framework states, moreover, that, where they are generated by other activities as well — in particular other R & D activities — costs must be broken down between the subsidised R & D activity and other activities.
Priloga II k okviru za R & R iz leta 1996 poleg tega določa, da je treba stroške, ki nastanejo pri drugih dejavnostih, zlasti pri drugih raziskavah in razvoju, razčleniti na subvencionirane raziskave in razvoj ter druge dejavnosti.
The Commission notes, first, that the costs directly chargeable to projects relate to sub-contracting, travel, insurance and documentation, and supplies and small equipment.
Na eni strani Komisija ugotavlja, da so stroški, ki neposredno nastanejo pri projektih, povezani s sklepanjem pogodb s podizvajalci, napotitvami, zavarovanji in dokumentacijo ter opremo in drobnim materialom.
They correspond respectively to the cost of consultancy and equivalent services, additional overheads and other operating expenses.
Zlasti ustrezajo stroškom svetovalnih in drugih ustreznih storitev, dodatnim režijskim stroškom in drugim operativnim stroškom.
The Commission observes that these costs are incurred directly and exclusively as a result of the research activities.
Komisija ugotavlja, da ti stroški nastanejo neposredno in izključno kot posledica raziskovalne dejavnosti.
The Commission notes, secondly, that the other costs chargeable to projects relate to expenditure on research personnel, the amortisation of fixed tangible and intangible assets and other overheads and correspond respectively to personnel costs, the costs of instruments, equipment, and land and premises, and additional overheads.
Na drugi strani Komisija ugotavlja, da so drugi stroški, ki nastanejo pri projektih, povezani s stroški osebja v raziskovalni dejavnosti, amortizacijo opredmetenih in neopredmetenih osnovnih sredstev ter drugimi splošnimi stroški, in ustrezajo stroškom osebja, stroškom instrumentov, opreme, stavb in zemljišč ter dodatnim splošnim stroškom.
These costs are incurred directly as a result of the research activities and are broken down between the different research projects in proportion to the time spent by the research personnel on each project.
Ti stroški neposredno nastanejo kot posledica raziskovalne dejavnosti in so razdeljeni na različne raziskovalne projekte v sorazmerju s časom, ki ga osebje v raziskovalni dejavnosti porabi za posamezen projekt.