natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
the father, mother or another adult responsible for the beneficiary of international protection whether by law or by the practice of the Member State concerned, when that beneficiary is a minor and unmarried;
očeta, mater ali drugo odraslo osebo, ki je za upravičenca do mednarodne zaščite odgovorna v skladu z zakonom ali s prakso zadevne države članice, če je navedeni upravičenec mladoleten ali neporočen;
‘minor’ means a third-country national or stateless person below the age of 18 years;
„mladoletnik“ pomeni državljana tretje države ali osebo brez državljanstva, mlajšo od 18 let;
‘unaccompanied minor’ means a minor who arrives on the territory of the Member States unaccompanied by an adult responsible for him or her whether by law or by the practice of the Member State concerned, and for as long as he or she is not effectively taken into the care of such a person; it includes a minor who is left unaccompanied after he or she has entered the territory of the Member States;
„mladoletnik brez spremstva“ pomeni mladoletnika, ki na ozemlje države članice prispe brez spremstva odraslega, ki je zanj odgovoren v skladu z zakonom ali s prakso zadevne države članice, dokler takšna oseba zanj ne začne dejansko skrbeti; izraz vključuje mladoletnika, ki ostane brez spremstva po vstopu na ozemlje države članice;
‘residence permit’ means any permit or authorisation issued by the authorities of a Member State, in the form provided for under that State’s law, allowing a third-country national or stateless person to reside on its territory;
„dovoljenje za prebivanje“ pomeni vsako dovoljenje ali pooblastilo, ki ga izdajo organi države članice v obliki, določeni v pravu te države, in ki državljanu tretje države ali osebi brez državljanstva dopušča prebivanje na njenem ozemlju;
‘country of origin’ means the country or countries of nationality or, for stateless persons, of former habitual residence.
„izvorna država“ pomeni državo ali države, katerih državljan je oseba, pri osebah brez državljanstva pa državo ali države prejšnjega običajnega prebivališča.
More favourable standards
Ugodnejši standardi
Member States may introduce or retain more favourable standards for determining who qualifies as a refugee or as a person eligible for subsidiary protection, and for determining the content of international protection, in so far as those standards are compatible with this Directive.
Države članice lahko uvedejo ali ohranijo ugodnejše standarde za opredelitev osebe kot begunca ali osebe, upravičene do subsidiarne zaščite, in za opredelitev vsebine mednarodne zaščite, v kolikor so ti standardi združljivi s to direktivo.
ASSESSMENT OF APPLICATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION
OBRAVNAVANJE PROŠENJ ZA MEDNARODNO ZAŠČITO
Assessment of facts and circumstances
Obravnavanje dejstev in okoliščin
Member States may consider it the duty of the applicant to submit as soon as possible all the elements needed to substantiate the application for international protection.
Države članice lahko naložijo prosilcu dolžnost, da čim prej predloži vse potrebne elemente za utemeljitev prošnje za mednarodno zaščito.
In cooperation with the applicant, it is the duty of the Member State to assess the relevant elements of the application.
Dolžnost države članice je, da v sodelovanju s prosilcem obravnava ustrezne elemente prošnje.
The elements referred to in paragraph 1 consist of the applicant’s statements and all the documentation at the applicant’s disposal regarding the applicant’s age, background, including that of relevant relatives, identity, nationality(ies), country(ies) and place(s) of previous residence, previous asylum applications, travel routes, travel documents and the reasons for applying for international protection.
Elementi iz odstavka 1 so izjave prosilca in vsa dokumentacija, s katero razpolaga prosilec, glede svoje starosti, porekla, vključno s poreklom ustreznih sorodnikov, identitete, državljanstva(-ev), držav(-e) in kraja(-ev) prejšnjega prebivališča, prejšnjih prošenj za azil, prepotovanih poti, potovalnih dokumentov ter razlogov za prošnjo za mednarodno zaščito.
The assessment of an application for international protection is to be carried out on an individual basis and includes taking into account:
Obravnavanje prošnje za mednarodno zaščito se izvede v vsakem posameznem primeru posebej in vključuje upoštevanje naslednjega:
all relevant facts as they relate to the country of origin at the time of taking a decision on the application, including laws and regulations of the country of origin and the manner in which they are applied;
vsa ustrezna dejstva, ki se nanašajo na izvorno državo v času, ko se sprejme odločitev o prošnji, vključno z zakoni in predpisi izvorne države in načinom njihove uporabe;
the relevant statements and documentation presented by the applicant including information on whether the applicant has been or may be subject to persecution or serious harm;
ustrezne izjave in dokumentacijo, ki jih predloži prosilec, vključno z informacijami o tem, ali je bil ali bi lahko bil prosilec podvržen preganjanju oziroma mu je bila ali bi mu lahko bila povzročena resna škoda;
the individual position and personal circumstances of the applicant, including factors such as background, gender and age, so as to assess whether, on the basis of the applicant’s personal circumstances, the acts to which the applicant has been or could be exposed would amount to persecution or serious harm;
individualni položaj in osebne okoliščine prosilca, vključno z dejavniki, kot so poreklo, spol in starost, za oceno dejstva, ali bi na podlagi prosilčevih osebnih okoliščin dejanja, ki jim je bil prosilec izpostavljen ali bi jim bil lahko izpostavljen, pomenila preganjanje ali resno škodo;
whether the applicant’s activities since leaving the country of origin were engaged in for the sole or main purpose of creating the necessary conditions for applying for international protection, so as to assess whether those activities would expose the applicant to persecution or serious harm if returned to that country;
ali so imele dejavnosti prosilca od odhoda iz izvorne države izključni ali poglavitni namen ustvarjanja potrebnih pogojev za prošnjo za mednarodno zaščito, z namenom ocene, ali bi bil prosilec ob vrnitvi v to državo zaradi teh dejavnosti izpostavljen preganjanju ali resni škodi;
whether the applicant could reasonably be expected to avail himself or herself of the protection of another country where he or she could assert citizenship.
ali se od prosilca lahko utemeljeno pričakuje, da bo izkoristil zaščito druge države, kjer lahko uveljavlja državljanstvo.
The fact that an applicant has already been subject to persecution or serious harm, or to direct threats of such persecution or such harm, is a serious indication of the applicant’s well-founded fear of persecution or real risk of suffering serious harm, unless there are good reasons to consider that such persecution or serious harm will not be repeated.
Dejstvo, da je prosilec že bil podvržen preganjanju ali mu je že bila povzročena resna škoda ali se mu je s takšnim preganjanjem ali škodo neposredno grozilo, je resen znak prosilčevega utemeljenega strahu pred preganjanjem ali utemeljenega tveganja, da utrpi resno škodo, razen če obstajajo tehtni razlogi za prepričanje, da se takšno preganjanje ali resna škoda ne bo ponovila.
Where Member States apply the principle according to which it is the duty of the applicant to substantiate the application for international protection and where aspects of the applicant’s statements are not supported by documentary or other evidence, those aspects shall not need confirmation when the following conditions are met:
Kadar države članice uporabljajo načelo, po katerem je dolžan prošnjo za mednarodno zaščito utemeljiti prosilec, in kadar vidiki izjav prosilca niso utemeljeni z dokumentarnimi ali drugimi dokazi, teh vidikov ni treba potrditi, kadar so izpolnjeni naslednji pogoji:
the applicant has made a genuine effort to substantiate his application;
prosilec se je kar najbolj potrudil za utemeljitev svoje prošnje;
all relevant elements at the applicant’s disposal have been submitted, and a satisfactory explanation has been given regarding any lack of other relevant elements;
vsi ustrezni elementi, ki so na voljo prosilcu, so bili predloženi, glede morebitne odsotnosti drugih ustreznih elementov pa je bila podana zadovoljiva razlaga;
the applicant’s statements are found to be coherent and plausible and do not run counter to available specific and general information relevant to the applicant’s case;
ugotovljeno je, da so prosilčeve izjave skladne in verjetne ter ne nasprotujejo dostopnim specifičnim in splošnim informacijam, povezanim s prosilčevim primerom;
the applicant has applied for international protection at the earliest possible time, unless the applicant can demonstrate good reason for not having done so; and
prosilec je zaprosil za mednarodno zaščito, kakor hitro je bilo to mogoče, razen če lahko prosilec izkaže tehten razlog, zakaj tega ni storil, in
the general credibility of the applicant has been established.
ugotovljena je bila splošna verodostojnost prosilca.
International protection needs arising sur place
Potreba po mednarodni zaščiti, ki se pojavi na kraju samem („sur place“)
A well-founded fear of being persecuted or a real risk of suffering serious harm may be based on events which have taken place since the applicant left the country of origin.
Utemeljen strah pred preganjanjem ali utemeljeno tveganje, da utrpi resno škodo, lahko temeljita na dogodkih, do katerih je prišlo, odkar je prosilec zapustil izvorno državo.
A well-founded fear of being persecuted or a real risk of suffering serious harm may be based on activities which the applicant has engaged in since he or she left the country of origin, in particular where it is established that the activities relied upon constitute the expression and continuation of convictions or orientations held in the country of origin.
Utemeljen strah pred preganjanjem ali utemeljeno tveganje, da utrpi resno škodo, lahko temeljita na dejavnostih, pri katerih je sodeloval prosilec, odkar je zapustil izvorno državo, zlasti kadar se ugotovi, da te dejavnosti predstavljajo izraz in nadaljevanje prepričanj ali usmeritev, ki jih je prosilec zagovarjal že v izvorni državi.
Without prejudice to the Geneva Convention, Member States may determine that an applicant who files a subsequent application shall not normally be granted refugee status if the risk of persecution is based on circumstances which the applicant has created by his or her own decision since leaving the country of origin.
Brez poseganja v Ženevsko konvencijo lahko države članice določijo, da se prosilcu, ki vloži naknadno prošnjo, načeloma ne prizna status begunca, če tveganje preganjanja temelji na okoliščinah, ki jih je prosilec ustvaril po lastni odločitvi po odhodu iz izvorne države.
Actors of persecution or serious harm
Subjekti preganjanja ali resne škode
Actors of persecution or serious harm include:
Subjekti preganjanja ali resne škode vključujejo:
the State;
državo;
parties or organisations controlling the State or a substantial part of the territory of the State;
stranke ali organizacije, ki nadzorujejo državo ali bistveni del ozemlja države;
non-State actors, if it can be demonstrated that the actors mentioned in points (a) and (b), including international organisations, are unable or unwilling to provide protection against persecution or serious harm as defined in Article 7.
nedržavne subjekte, če je mogoče dokazati, da subjekti iz točk (a) in (b), vključno z mednarodnimi organizacijami, niso sposobni ali nočejo nuditi zaščite pred preganjanjem ali resno škodo, kot sta opredeljena v členu 7.
Actors of protection
Subjekti zaščite
Protection against persecution or serious harm can only be provided by:
Zaščito pred preganjanjem ali resno škodo lahko nudi le:
the State; or
država ali
parties or organisations, including international organisations, controlling the State or a substantial part of the territory of the State;
stranke ali organizacije, vključno z mednarodnimi organizacijami, ki nadzorujejo državo ali bistveni del ozemlja države,
provided they are willing and able to offer protection in accordance with paragraph 2.
če so pripravljene in sposobne zagotavljati zaščito v skladu z odstavkom 2.
Protection against persecution or serious harm must be effective and of a non-temporary nature.
Zaščita pred preganjanjem ali resno škodo mora biti dejanska in nezačasna.
Such protection is generally provided when the actors mentioned under points (a) and (b) of paragraph 1 take reasonable steps to prevent the persecution or suffering of serious harm, inter alia, by operating an effective legal system for the detection, prosecution and punishment of acts constituting persecution or serious harm, and when the applicant has access to such protection.
Takšna zaščita se načeloma nudi, kadar subjekti iz točk (a) in (b) odstavka 1 sprejmejo razumne ukrepe za preprečitev preganjanja ali resne škode, med drugim z vodenjem učinkovitega pravnega sistema za odkrivanje, pregon in kaznovanje dejanj, ki pomenijo preganjanje ali resno škodo, in ko ima prosilec dostop do takšne zaščite.
When assessing whether an international organisation controls a State or a substantial part of its territory and provides protection as described in paragraph 2, Member States shall take into account any guidance which may be provided in relevant Union acts.
Pri ocenjevanju, ali mednarodna organizacija nadzoruje državo ali bistveni del njenega ozemlja in nudi zaščito, kot je opisana v odstavku 2, države članice upoštevajo vse napotke, ki jih nudijo ustrezni akti Unije.
Internal protection
Notranja zaščita
As part of the assessment of the application for international protection, Member States may determine that an applicant is not in need of international protection if in a part of the country of origin, he or she:
V okviru obravnavanja prošnje za mednarodno zaščito lahko države članice odločijo, da prosilec ne potrebuje mednarodne zaščite, če v delu izvorne države:
has no well-founded fear of being persecuted or is not at real risk of suffering serious harm; or
ni razlogov za utemeljen strah pred preganjanjem ali utemeljeno tveganje, da utrpi resno škodo, ali
has access to protection against persecution or serious harm as defined in Article 7;
ima dostop do zaščite pred preganjanjem ali resno škodo, kot je opredeljena v členu 7,
and he or she can safely and legally travel to and gain admittance to that part of the country and can reasonably be expected to settle there.
in če v ta del države lahko varno in zakonito potuje ter ima dostop do tega dela države in se od njega lahko razumno pričakuje, da se bo v njem nastanil.
In examining whether an applicant has a well-founded fear of being persecuted or is at real risk of suffering serious harm, or has access to protection against persecution or serious harm in a part of the country of origin in accordance with paragraph 1, Member States shall at the time of taking the decision on the application have regard to the general circumstances prevailing in that part of the country and to the personal circumstances of the applicant in accordance with Article 4.
Pri ugotavljanju, ali ima prosilec utemeljen strah pred preganjanjem oziroma ali obstaja utemeljeno tveganje, da utrpi resno škodo, oziroma ali ima dostop do zaščite pred preganjanjem ali resno škodo v delu izvorne države v skladu z odstavkom 1, države članice v trenutku odločanja o prošnji v skladu s členom 4 upoštevajo splošne okoliščine, ki prevladujejo v tem delu države, in osebne okoliščine prosilca.
To that end, Member States shall ensure that precise and up-to-date information is obtained from relevant sources, such as the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the European Asylum Support Office.
V ta namen države članice zagotovijo, da se iz ustreznih virov, kot sta Visoki komisar Združenih narodov za begunce in Evropski azilni podporni urad, pridobijo natančne in najnovejše informacije.
QUALIFICATION FOR BEING A REFUGEE
POGOJI, KI JIH MORAJO IZPOLNJEVATI BEGUNCI
Acts of persecution
Dejanja preganjanja
In order to be regarded as an act of persecution within the meaning of Article 1(A) of the Geneva Convention, an act must:
Da se šteje za dejanje preganjanja v smislu člena 1(A) Ženevske konvencije, mora dejanje:
be sufficiently serious by its nature or repetition as to constitute a severe violation of basic human rights, in particular the rights from which derogation cannot be made under Article 15(2) of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms; or
biti dovolj resne narave ali dovolj ponavljajoče, da predstavlja hudo kršitev temeljnih človekovih pravic, zlasti pravic, od katerih odstopanja niso mogoča po členu 15(2) Evropske konvencije o varstvu človekovih pravic in temeljnih svoboščin, ali
be an accumulation of various measures, including violations of human rights which is sufficiently severe as to affect an individual in a similar manner as mentioned in point (a).
predstavljati akumulacijo različnih ukrepov, vključno s kršitvami človekovih pravic, ki je dovolj huda, da vpliva na posameznika na podoben način, kot je omenjeno v točki (a).
Acts of persecution as qualified in paragraph 1 can, inter alia, take the form of:
Dejanja preganjanja, opredeljena v odstavku 1, imajo lahko med drugim naslednje oblike:
acts of physical or mental violence, including acts of sexual violence;
dejanja fizičnega ali psihičnega nasilja, vključno z dejanji spolnega nasilja;
legal, administrative, police, and/or judicial measures which are in themselves discriminatory or which are implemented in a discriminatory manner;
pravni, upravni, policijski in/ali sodni ukrepi, ki so sami po sebi diskriminatorni ali izvedeni na diskriminatoren način;
prosecution or punishment which is disproportionate or discriminatory;
pregon ali kazen, ki je nesorazmeren(-a) ali diskriminatoren(-a);
denial of judicial redress resulting in a disproportionate or discriminatory punishment;
odrekanje sodnega varstva, kar ima za posledico nesorazmerno ali diskriminatorno kazen;
prosecution or punishment for refusal to perform military service in a conflict, where performing military service would include crimes or acts falling within the scope of the grounds for exclusion as set out in Article 12(2);
pregon ali kazen zaradi zavrnitve služenja vojaškega roka v spopadu, kjer bi služenje vojaškega roka vključevalo kazniva dejanja ali dejanja, ki spadajo med izključitvene razloge, navedene v členu 12(2);
acts of a gender-specific or child-specific nature.
dejanja, ki so povezana s spolom ali usmerjena na otroke.
In accordance with point (d) of Article 2, there must be a connection between the reasons mentioned in Article 10 and the acts of persecution as qualified in paragraph 1 of this Article or the absence of protection against such acts.
Skladno s točko (d) člena 2 mora obstajati povezava med razlogi iz člena 10 in dejanji preganjanja, kot so določena v odstavku 1 tega člena, ali odsotnostjo zaščite pred temi dejanji.
Reasons for persecution
Razlogi za preganjanje
Member States shall take the following elements into account when assessing the reasons for persecution:
Države članice pri ocenjevanju razlogov za preganjanje upoštevajo naslednje elemente:
the concept of race shall, in particular, include considerations of colour, descent, or membership of a particular ethnic group;
pojem rase zajema zlasti vprašanja barve, porekla ali pripadnosti določeni etnični skupini;
the concept of religion shall in particular include the holding of theistic, non-theistic and atheistic beliefs, the participation in, or abstention from, formal worship in private or in public, either alone or in community with others, other religious acts or expressions of view, or forms of personal or communal conduct based on or mandated by any religious belief;
pojem veroizpovedi zajema zlasti teistična, neteistična in ateistična prepričanja, sodelovanje ali nesodelovanje pri zasebnih ali javnih formalnih verskih obredih posamično ali v skupnosti drugih oseb, druga verska dejanja ali izraze prepričanja ali oblike osebnega ali skupnega vedenja, ki temelji na kakršnem koli verskem prepričanju ali izhaja iz njega;
the concept of nationality shall not be confined to citizenship or lack thereof but shall, in particular, include membership of a group determined by its cultural, ethnic, or linguistic identity, common geographical or political origins or its relationship with the population of another State;
pojem nacionalne pripadnosti ni omejen na državljanstvo ali njegovo odsotnost, temveč zajema zlasti pripadnost skupini, ki jo določa njena kulturna, etnična ali jezikovna identiteta, skupno zemljepisno ali politično poreklo ali njen odnos do prebivalcev druge države;
a group shall be considered to form a particular social group where in particular:
skupina šteje za določeno družbeno skupino zlasti v naslednjih primerih:
members of that group share an innate characteristic, or a common background that cannot be changed, or share a characteristic or belief that is so fundamental to identity or conscience that a person should not be forced to renounce it, and
kadar je članom te skupine skupna prirojena lastnost ali skupno poreklo, ki je nespremenljivo, ali značilnost ali prepričanje, ki je tako temeljnega pomena za identiteto ali zavedanje, da se osebe ne bi smelo prisiliti, naj se mu odreče, in
that group has a distinct identity in the relevant country, because it is perceived as being different by the surrounding society.
kadar ima skupina v zadevni državi razločno identiteto, saj jo družba, ki jo obkroža, dojema kot različno.
Depending on the circumstances in the country of origin, a particular social group might include a group based on a common characteristic of sexual orientation.
V odvisnosti od okoliščin v izvorni državi lahko določena družbena skupina zajema skupino, ki temelji na skupni lastnosti spolne usmerjenosti.
Sexual orientation cannot be understood to include acts considered to be criminal in accordance with national law of the Member States.
Spolne usmerjenosti se ne sme razumeti kot nečesa, kar vključuje dejanja, ki po nacionalni zakonodaji držav članic veljajo za kazniva.
Gender related aspects, including gender identity, shall be given due consideration for the purposes of determining membership of a particular social group or identifying a characteristic of such a group;
Vidike, povezane s spolom, vključno s spolno identiteto, je treba ustrezno upoštevati pri določanju pripadnosti določeni družbeni skupini ali opredelitvi značilnosti takšne skupine;
the concept of political opinion shall, in particular, include the holding of an opinion, thought or belief on a matter related to the potential actors of persecution mentioned in Article 6 and to their policies or methods, whether or not that opinion, thought or belief has been acted upon by the applicant.
pojem političnega prepričanja zajema zlasti imeti neko mnenje, stališče ali prepričanje o zadevi, povezani s potencialnimi subjekti preganjanja, navedenimi v členu 6, in z njihovo politiko ali metodami, ne glede na to, ali je prosilec v skladu s tem mnenjem, stališčem ali prepričanjem tudi ravnal.
When assessing if an applicant has a well-founded fear of being persecuted it is immaterial whether the applicant actually possesses the racial, religious, national, social or political characteristic which attracts the persecution, provided that such a characteristic is attributed to the applicant by the actor of persecution.
Pri ocenjevanju dejstva, ali ima prosilec utemeljen strah pred preganjanjem, ni pomembno, ali prosilec dejansko ima rasne, verske, nacionalne, družbene ali politične značilnosti, ki se preganjajo, pod pogojem, da takšne značilnosti prosilcu pripisuje subjekt preganjanja.
Cessation
Prenehanje
A third-country national or a stateless person shall cease to be a refugee if he or she:
Državljan tretje države ali oseba brez državljanstva preneha biti begunec, če:
has voluntarily re-availed himself or herself of the protection of the country of nationality; or
prostovoljno sprejme zaščito države, katere državljan je, ali