natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The complete, consistent, transparent and accurate monitoring and reporting of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in accordance with the guidelines laid down in this Decision are fundamental for the operation of the greenhouse gas emission allowance trading scheme (EU ETS) established by Directive 2003/87/EC in relation to installations included in the EU ETS pursuant to Article 24 of that Directive in respect of their emissions of N2O.
Popolno, dosledno, pregledno in natančno spremljanje emisij dušikovega oksida (N2O) v skladu s smernicami iz te odločbe ter poročanje o njih sta bistvena za delovanje sistema za trgovanje s pravicami do emisije toplogrednih plinov (EU ETS) za naprave, ki so bile v skladu s členom 24 Direktive 2003/87/ES, ki je ta sistem za trgovanje uvedla, vključene v EU ETS glede emisij N2O.
The monitoring and reporting guidelines set out in the Commission Decision 2007/589/EC of 18 July 2007 establishing guidelines for the monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council [2] do not cover emissions of N2O.
Smernice za spremljanje in poročanje, ki so bile opredeljene v Odločbi Komisije 2007/589/ES z dne 18. julija 2007 o določitvi smernic za spremljanje in poročanje o emisijah toplogrednih plinov v skladu z Direktivo 2003/87/ES Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta [2], ne zajemajo emisij N2O.
The Netherlands have applied to include N2O emissions from nitric acid plants in the EU ETS for the period 2008-2012.
Nizozemska je zahtevala vključitev emisij N2O iz naprav za pridobivanje dušikove kisline v EU ETS za obdobje 2008–2012.
Specific guidelines for the determination of N2O emissions by continuous emission measurement systems should therefore be added.
Zato je treba za določanje emisij N2O s sistemi za neprekinjeno merjenje emisij dodati posebne smernice.
The global warming potential of 1 tonne of N2O for emissions during the period 2008-2012 should be considered to be equivalent to 310 tonnes of carbon dioxide, which is the value provided in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Second Assessment Report (1995 IPCC GWP value).
Potencial globalnega segrevanja za emisije 1 tone N2O v obdobju 2008–2012 naj bi ustrezal 310 tonam ogljikovega dioksida, kar je enako vrednosti, ki jo je v svojem drugem poročilu o oceni navedel Medvladni forum o podnebnih spremembah (1995 IPCC GWP value).
This value should be used in order for there to be absolute consistency between reports by installations and by Member States reporting their national emissions inventories under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol.
To vrednost je treba uporabiti zaradi popolne skladnosti med poročili po posameznih napravah in poročili, s katerimi države članice na podlagi Okvirne konvencije Združenih narodov o spremembi podnebja (UNFCCC) in kjotskega protokola sporočajo svoje nacionalne registre emisij.
Decision 2007/589/EC should therefore be amended accordingly.
Odločbo 2007/589/ES je zato treba ustrezno spremeniti.
Amendments to Decision 2007/589/EC
Spremembe Odločbe 2007/589/ES
Decision 2007/589/EC is amended as follows:
Odločba 2007/589/ES se spremeni:
in Article 1, the first paragraph is replaced by the following:
V členu 1 se prvi odstavek nadomesti z naslednjim:
‘The guidelines for the monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions from the activities listed in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC, and of activities included pursuant to Article 24(1) of that Directive, are set out in the Annexes to this Decision.’;
„Smernice za spremljanje in poročanje o emisijah toplogrednih plinov iz dejavnosti, naštetih v Prilogi I k Direktivi 2003/87/ES, in dejavnosti, vključenih v skladu s členom 24(1) navedene direktive, so opredeljene v prilogah k tej odločbi.“
in the Table of Annexes, the following entry is added:
Tabeli prilog se doda naslednji vnos:
‘Annex XIII:
„Priloga XIII:
Activity-specific guidelines for determination of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from nitric acid, adipic acid, caprolactam, glyoxal and glyoxylic acid production’;
Smernice, specifične za dejavnost, namenjene določanju emisij dušikovega oksida (N2O) pri proizvodnji dušikove kisline, adipinske kisline, kaprolaktama, glioksala in glioksilne kisline.“
Annex I is amended as set out in Part A of the Annex to this Decision;
Priloga I se spremeni, kakor je določeno v delu A Priloge k tej odločbi.
Annex XIII is added as set out in Part B of the Annex to this Decision.
Doda se Priloga XIII, kot je določeno v delu B Priloge k tej odločbi.
This Decision shall apply from 1 January 2008.
Ta odločba se uporablja od 1. januarja 2008
Done at Brussels, 17 December 2008.
V Bruslju, 17. decembra 2008.
Section 2 is amended as follows:
Oddelek 2 se spremeni:
the introductory part is replaced by the following:
uvodni del se nadomesti z naslednjim:
‘For the purposes of this Annex and Annexes II to XIII the definitions of Directive 2003/87/EC shall apply.’;
„V tej prilogi in prilogah od II do XIII se uporabljajo opredelitve iz Direktive 2003/87/ES.“;
in paragraph 1, point (g) is replaced by the following:
v odstavku 1 se točka (g) nadomesti z naslednjim:
“tier” means a specific element of a methodology for determining activity data, emission factors, annual emission, annual average hourly emission and oxidation or conversion factors;’;
‚stopnja‘ pomeni poseben element metodologije za določanje podatkov o dejavnosti, letnih emisij, letnih povprečnih urnih emisij, faktorjev emisije in faktorjev oksidacije ali pretvorbe;“;
in Section 3, the second paragraph is replaced by the following:
V oddelku 3 se drugi odstavek nadomesti z naslednjim:
‘Completeness.
„Popolnost.
Monitoring and reporting for an installation shall cover all process and combustion emissions from all emission sources and source streams belonging to activities listed in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC and other relevant activities included pursuant to Article 24 of the Directive and of all greenhouse gases specified in relation to those activities while avoiding double-counting.’;
Spremljanje in poročanje o napravi zajema vse emisije iz proizvodnih postopkov in emisije iz izgorevanja goriv iz vseh virov emisij in tokov vira, ki spadajo med dejavnosti iz Priloge I k Direktivi 2003/87/ES in druge ustrezne dejavnosti, vključene v skladu s členom 24 Direktive, ter vse toplogredne pline, določene za navedene dejavnosti, brez dvojnega štetja.“.
Section 4.3 is amended as follows:
Oddelek 4.3 se spremeni:
point (g) is replaced by the following:
točka (g) se nadomesti z naslednjim:
evidence demonstrating compliance with the uncertainty thresholds for activity data and other parameters (where applicable) for the applied tiers for each source stream and/or emission source;’;
dokaze za usklajenost s pragovi negotovosti za podatke o dejavnosti in druge parametre (če je primerno) za uporabljene stopnje za vsak tok vira in/ali vir emisije;“
point (m) is replaced by the following:
točka (m) se nadomesti z naslednjim:
a description of the procedures for data acquisition, handling activities and control activities as well as a description of the activities (see Section 10.1-3, and Annex XIII, Section 8);’;
opis postopkov pridobivanja podatkov in njihove obdelave, dejavnosti nadzora ter opis dejavnosti (glej oddelek 10.1 do 10.3 in oddelek 8 Priloge XIII);“.
Section 6 is amended as follows:
Oddelek 6 se spremeni:
in Section 6.1, the first paragraph is replaced by the following:
V oddelku 6.1 se prvi odstavek nadomesti z naslednjim:
‘As set out in Section 4.2, greenhouse gas emissions may be determined by a measurement-based methodology using continuous emission measurement systems (CEMS) from all or selected emission sources using standardised or accepted methods once the operator has received approval from the competent authority before the reporting period that using a CEMS achieves greater accuracy than the calculation of emissions using the most accurate tier approach.
„Kakor je navedeno v oddelku 4.2, se emisije toplogrednih plinov lahko določajo z metodologijo na podlagi meritev z uporabo sistemov za neprekinjeno merjenje emisij (CEMS) iz vseh ali izbranih virov emisij z uporabo standardiziranih ali sprejetih metod, ko upravljavec prejme odobritev pristojnega organa pred poročevalnim obdobjem, da se z uporabo CEMS doseže večja točnost kot pri izračunu emisij z uporabo najbolj natančne stopnje pristopa.
Specific approaches for measurement-based methodologies are laid down in Annexes XII and XIII.
Posebni pristopi za metodologije na podlagi meritev so navedeni v prilogah XII in XIII.
Installations applying CEMS as part of their monitoring system are to be notified by Member States to the Commission pursuant to Article 21 of Directive 2003/87/EC.’;
Države članice v skladu s členom 21 Direktive 2003/87/ES obvestijo Komisijo o napravah, ki uporabljajo CEMS kot del sistema za spremljanje.“;
Section 6.2 is amended as follows:
oddelek 6.2 se spremeni:
‘The highest tier levels pursuant to Annexes XII and XIII shall be used by the operator of an installation for each emission source which is listed in the greenhouse gas emissions permit and for which relevant greenhouse gas emissions are determined by applying CEMS.’;
„Upravljavec naprave za vsak vir emisije, ki je naveden v dovoljenju za emisije toplogrednih plinov in za katerega so ustrezne emisije toplogrednih plinov določene z uporabo CEMS, uporabi najvišje stopnje v skladu s prilogama XII in XIII.“;
the third paragraph is replaced by the following:
tretji odstavek se nadomesti z naslednjim:
‘For the reporting periods 2008–12 as a minimum Tier 2 in Annex XII for CO2 emissions and the minimum tiers set out in Annex XIII for N2O emissions shall be applied unless technically not feasible.’;
„V poročevalnih obdobjih med letoma 2008–2012 se za emisije CO2 uporablja najmanj stopnja 2 iz Priloge XII, za emisije N2O pa najmanjše stopnje, opredeljene v Prilogi XIII, razen če to ni tehnično izvedljivo.“;
Section 6.3 is amended as follows:
oddelek 6.3 se spremeni:
Sampling rates
Stopnje vzorčenja
Hourly averages (a valid hour of data) shall be computed for all elements of the emission determination (as applicable) — as laid out in Annexes XII and XIII — by using all data points available for that specific hour.
Urne povprečne vrednosti (veljavna ura podatkov) se izračunajo za vse elemente določanja emisije (če je primerno) – kot je določeno v prilogah XII in XIII – z uporabo vseh podatkovnih točk, ki so na voljo za zadevno uro.
In case of equipment being out of control or out of operation for part of the hour, the hourly average shall be calculated pro rata to the remaining data points for that specific hour.
Če oprema med zadevno uro začasno ni pod nadzorom ali ne deluje, se urna povprečna vrednost izračuna na podlagi preostalih podatkovnih točk v zadevni uri.
In case a valid hour of data cannot be computed for an element of emission determination, as less than 50 % of the maximum number of hourly data points are available, the hour is lost.
Če veljavne ure podatkov za element določanja emisije ni mogoče izračunati, ker je na voljo manj kot 50 % največjega možnega števila urnih podatkovnih točk, velja ura za izgubljeno.
For each instance where a valid hour of data cannot be computed, values for substitution according to the provisions of this Section shall be calculated.’;
Za vsak primer, ko veljavne ure podatkov ni mogoče izračunati, se v skladu z določbami tega oddelka izračunajo nadomestne vrednosti.“;
the introductory part of the first paragraph of point (c) is replaced by the following:
uvodni del prvega odstavka točke (c) se nadomesti z naslednjim:
‘Parallel to emission determination by a measurement-based methodology in accordance with Annexes XII and XIII, annual emissions of each considered GHG shall be determined by calculation based on one of the following options:’;
„Vzporedno z določanjem emisij na podlagi meritev v skladu s prilogama XII in XIII se letne emisije vsakega obravnavanega toplogrednega plina določijo z izračunom v skladu z eno od naslednjih možnosti:“;
the fourth paragraph of point (c) is replaced by the following:
četrti odstavek točke (c) se nadomesti z naslednjim:
‘Where comparison with results of the calculation approach clearly indicates that results of the measurement approach are not valid, the operator shall use substitution values as described under this Section (excluding for monitoring in accordance with Annex XIII).’;
„Če primerjava z rezultati na podlagi izračunov jasno kaže, da rezultati na podlagi meritev niso veljavni, uporabi upravljavec nadomestne vrednosti, kot je opisano v tem oddelku (razen pri spremljanju v skladu s Prilogo XIII).“
in Section 7.2, the introductory part of the first paragraph is replaced by the following:
V oddelku 7.2 se uvodni del prvega odstavka nadomesti z naslednjim:
‘As set out in Section 4.2, an operator can justify the use of measurement-based methodology if it reliably results in a lower uncertainty than the relevant calculation-based methodology (compare Section 4.2) or he is required to use a measurement based method in accordance with Annex XIII.
„Kakor je navedeno v oddelku 4.2, lahko upravljavec uporabo meritvene metodologije utemelji s tem, da ta zanesljivo zmanjša negotovost ustrezne računske metodologije (primerjaj oddelek 4.2) ali da mora meritveno metodologijo uporabiti v skladu s Prilogo XIII.
In order to provide this justification to the competent authority, the operator shall report the quantitative results of a more comprehensive uncertainty analysis considering the following sources of uncertainty taking into account EN 14181:’;
Upravljavec pristojnemu organu to utemelji s predložitvijo kvantitativnih rezultatov celovitejše analize negotovosti, pri čemer ob uporabi EN 14181 upošteva naslednje vire negotovosti:“.
in Section 8, the 10th paragraph is replaced by the following:
V oddelku 8 se deseti odstavek nadomesti z naslednjim:
‘Emissions shall be reported as rounded tonnes of CO2 or CO2(e) (for example 1245978 tonnes).
„Emisije v poročilu se zaokrožijo na tone CO2 ali CO2(e) (na primer 1245978 ton).
Activity data, emission factors and oxidation or conversion factors shall be rounded to include only significant digits both for emission calculations and reporting purposes.’;
Podatki o dejavnosti, faktorji emisije in faktorji oksidacije ali pretvorbe se zaokrožijo tako, da vključujejo le števke, ki so pomembne za izračun emisij in namene poročanja.“.
Section 13.5 is amended as follows:
Oddelek 13.5 se spremeni:
the heading is replaced by the following:
naslov se nadomesti z naslednjim:
REQUIREMENTS FOR DETERMINATION OF FUEL AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES, AND CONTINUOUS EMISSIONS MEASUREMENT’;
ZAHTEVE ZA DOLOČANJE LASTNOSTI GORIVA IN MATERIALA TER NEPREKINJENO MERJENJE EMISIJ“;
Section 13.5.1 is replaced by the following:
oddelek 13.5.1 se nadomesti z naslednjim:
USE OF ACCREDITED LABORATORIES
UPORABA AKREDITIRANIH LABORATORIJEV
The laboratory (including other service providers) used to determine the emission factor, net calorific value, oxidation factor, carbon content, the biomass fraction, composition data or to carry out calibrations and relevant equipment assessments for CEMS should be accredited according to EN ISO 17025:2005 (General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories).’.
Laboratorij (vključno z drugim izvajalci storitev), ki ugotavlja faktor emisije, neto kalorično vrednost, faktor oksidacije, vsebnost ogljika, frakcijo biomase, pridobiva podatke o sestavi ali opravlja kalibracije in ustrezne ocene opreme za CEMS, mora biti akreditiran v skladu s standardom EN ISO 17025:2005 (‚Splošne zahteve za usposobljenost preskuševalnih in kalibracijskih laboratorijev‘).“
in Section 14, the following table is added:
Oddelku 14 se doda naslednja tabela:
EMISSIONS REPORTING FOR NITRIC ACID, ADIPIC ACID, CAPROLACTAM, GLYOXAL AND GLYOXYLIC ACID PLANTS
POROČANJE O EMISIJAH N2O V NAPRAVAH ZA PROIZVODNJO DUŠIKOVE KISLINE, ADIPINSKE KISLINE, KAPROLAKTAMA, GLIOKSALA IN GLIOKSILNE KISLINE
Emissions of Annex I activities — nitric acid, adipic acid etc.
Emisije iz dejavnosti iz Priloge I – dušikova kislina, adipinska kislina itn.
IPCC CRF-Category — Process emissions
Kategorija IPCC CRF – emisije iz proizvodnih postopkov
IPPC code of EPRTR Category
Oznaka IPPC za kategorijo EPRTR
Monitoring method and tier applied
Metoda spremljanja in uporabljena stopnja
Tiers changed?
Stopnje spremenjene?
Production rate t/year and t/hour
Stopnja proizvodnje t/leto in t/uro
Flue gas flow uncertainty (annual average hourly or total annual)
Negotovost pretoka dimnega plina (letno povprečje urnih vrednosti ali celotna letna vrednost)
concentration uncertainty (annual average hourly or total annual)
Negotovost koncentracije N2O (letno povprečje urnih vrednosti ali celotna letna vrednost)
Overall annual emissions uncertainty (if required)
Skupna negotovost letnih emisij (po potrebi)
Annual average hourly emission uncertainty
Negotovost letnega povprečja urnih emisij
Annual average hourly emission
Letno povprečje urnih emisij (kg/uro)
GWP applied
Uporabljeni GWP (potencial globalnega segrevanja)
tCO2(e) and CO2/yr
tCO2(e) in CO2/leto
Activity 1
Dejavnost 1
Total emissions in tCO2(e) and tCO2 per year’
Skupne emisije v tCO2(e) in tCO2/leto“
The following Annex XIII is added:
Doda se naslednja Priloga XIII:
Activity-specific guidelines for determination of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from nitric acid, adipic acid, caprolactam, glyoxal and glyoxylic acid production
Smernice, specifične za dejavnost, namenjene določanju emisij dušikovega oksida (N2O) pri proizvodnji dušikove kisline, adipinske kisline, kaprolaktama, glioksala in glioksilne kisline
BOUNDARIES AND COMPLETENESS
MEJE IN POPOLNOST
The activity-specific guidelines contained in this Annex shall apply to monitoring N2O emissions occurring from the production of nitric acid, adipic acid, caprolactam, glyoxal and glyoxylic acid within relevant installations included pursuant to Article 24 of Directive 2003/87/EC.
Smernice v tej prilogi, specifične za dejavnost, se uporabljajo za spremljanje emisij N2O, ki nastanejo pri proizvodnji dušikove kisline, adipinske kisline, kaprolaktama, glioksala in glioksilne kisline v ustreznih napravah, vključenih v skladu s členom 24 Direktive 2003/87/ES.
For each activity from which N2O emissions result, all sources emitting N2O from production processes shall be covered, including where N2O emissions from production are channelled through any abatement equipment.
Za vsako dejavnost, pri kateri nastajajo emisije N2O, se upoštevajo vsi viri emisij N2O v proizvodnih postopkih, vključno s tistimi, pri katerih se emisije N2O usmerijo skozi opremo za zmanjševanje emisij.
This includes:
Med te spadajo:
nitric acid production — N2O emissions from the catalytic oxidation of ammonia and/or from the NOx/N2O abatement units,
proizvodnja dušikove kisline – emisije N2O pri katalitski oksidaciji amoniaka in/ali iz naprav za zmanjševanje emisij NOx/N2O,
adipic acid production — N2O emissions, including from the oxidation reaction, any direct process venting and/or any emissions control equipment,
proizvodnja adipinske kisline – emisije N2O, vključno z oksidacijskimi reakcijami, vsakim neposrednim izpustom med postopkom in/ali iz opreme za omejevanje emisij,
glyoxal and glyoxylic acid production — N2O emissions, including from the process reactions, any direct process venting and/or any emissions control equipment,
proizvodnja glioksala in glioksilne kisline – emisije N2O, vključno s procesnimi reakcijami, vsakim neposrednim izpustom med postopkom in/ali iz opreme za omejevanje emisij,
caprolactam production — N2O emissions, including from the process reactions, any direct process venting and/or any emissions control equipment.
proizvodnja kaprolaktama – emisije N2O, vključno s procesnimi reakcijami, vsakim neposrednim izpustom med postopkom in/ali iz opreme za omejevanje emisij.
These provisions are not applicable to any N2O emissions from combustion of fuels.
Te določbe se ne uporabljajo za emisije N2O, ki nastajajo pri izgorevanju goriva.
Any relevant CO2 emissions directly associated with the production process (and not already covered under the EU ETS) that are included in the installation’s greenhouse gas emission permit shall be monitored and reported in accordance with these guidelines.
Vse ustrezne emisije CO2, ki so neposredno povezane s proizvodnimi postopki (in jih ne zajema EU ETS) ter so vključene v dovoljenje za emisije toplogrednih plinov za napravo, se spremljajo in sporočajo v skladu s temi smernicami.
Annex I, Section 16 does not apply to the monitoring of N2O emissions.
Oddelek 16 Priloge I se ne uporablja za spremljanje emisij N2O.
DETERMINATION OF CO2(e) AND N2O EMISSIONS
DOLOČANJE EMISIJ CO2(e) IN N2O
ANNUAL N2O EMISSIONS
LETNE EMISIJE N2O
Emissions of N2O from nitric acid production shall be measured using continuous emissions measurement (excluding for de minimis sources — Section 6.3).
Emisije N2O pri proizvodnji dušikove kisline se merijo z uporabo neprekinjenega merjenja emisij (razen v primeru virov de minimis – oddelek 6.3).
Emissions of N2O from adipic acid, caprolactam, glyoxal and glyoxylic acid production shall be monitored using continuous emissions measurement for abated emissions and the calculation method (based on a mass balance approach (Section 2.6)) for temporary occurrences of unabated emissions.
Emisije N2O, ki nastanejo pri proizvodnji adipinske kisline, kaprolaktama, glioksala in glioksilne kisline, se spremljajo z uporabo neprekinjenega merjenja emisij, kadar se uporabljajo naprave za njihovo zmanjševanje, in z uporabo metode izračuna (na podlagi pristopa z masno bilanco (oddelek 2.6)), kadar emisije začasno ostajajo nezmanjšane.
Total annual N2O emissions from the installation are the sum of annual N2O emissions from all its emission sources.
Skupne letne emisije N2O iz naprave so enake vsoti letnih emisij N2O iz vseh njenih virov emisij.
For each emission source where continuous emissions measurement is applied, the total annual emissions are the sum of all hourly emissions using the following formula:
Za vsak vir emisije, pri katerem se uporablja neprekinjeno merjenje emisij, so skupne letne emisije enake vsoti vseh urnih emisij, izračunani z naslednjo enačbo:
O emissionsannual
O emisijeletne
O conc hourly
O-konc.urna
× flue gas flow hourly
× pretok dimnega plina umi
N 2O emissionsannual
N 2O emisijeletne
total annual emissions of N2O from the emission source in tonnes N2O
skupne letne emisije N2O iz zadevnega vira emisije v tonah N2O
N 2O conc hourly
N 2O-konc.urna
hourly concentrations of N2O in mg/Nm3 in the flue gas flow measured during operation
urne koncentracije N2O v mg/Nm3 v pretoku dimnega plina, izmerjene med delovanjem naprave
Flue gas flow flue gas flow as calculated below in Nm3/h for each hourly concentration
Pretok dimnega plina pretok dimnega plina, kot je v nadaljevanju izračunan za vsako urno koncentracijo v mg/Nm3
HOURLY N2O EMISSIONS
URNE EMISIJE N2O
Annual average hourly N2O emissions for each source where continuous emission measurement is applied shall be calculated using the following equation:
Letno povprečje urnih emisij N2O se za vsak vir, pri katerem se uporablja neprekinjeno merjenje emisije, izračuna z naslednjo enačbo:
O emissionsav hourly
O-emisijepovpr.urne
× flue gas low Nm3
× pretoku dimnega plina Nm3
Hours of operation h
ur delovanja h
N 2O emissionsav hourly
N 2O-emisijepovpr. urne
annual average hourly N2O emissions in kg/h from the source
letno povprečje urnih emisij N2O v kg/h iz vira
The total uncertainty of the annual hourly average emissions for each emission source must not exceed the tier values as set out below.
Skupna negotovost letnega povprečja urnih emisij za vsak vir emisije ne sme preseči vrednosti stopenj, kot so določene v nadaljevanju.
The highest tier approach shall be used by all operators.
Vsi upravljavci uporabijo najvišjo stopnjo pristopa.
Only if it is shown to the satisfaction of the competent authority that the highest tier is not technically feasible or will lead to unreasonably high costs, may a next lower tier be used.
Le če se zadovoljivo prikaže pristojnemu organu, da najvišja stopnja tehnično ni izvedljiva ali da bi povzročila nerazumno visoke stroške, se lahko uporabi naslednja nižja stopnja.