natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The Commission notes, firstly, that it normally has doubts concerning the incentive effect of a measure when several grant decisions are adopted in relation to a single project.
Komisija najprej opozarja, da po navadi dvomi o spodbujevalnem učinku ukrepa, če se za en projekt sprejme več odločitev o dodelitvi pomoči.
It also doubts the incentive effect whenever the formal decision to grant the aid is taken by the State at a point in time when the project is well advanced.
Pri spodbujevalnem učinku dvomi tudi, ali država sprejme formalno odločitev o dodelitvi pomoči takrat, ko se je z izvajanjem projekta že precej napredovalo.
In the case of R & D it is essential that the aid has an impact on the behaviour of the company by leading it to make a larger or a speedier investment in a project.
Pri R & R je bistveno, da pomoč vpliva na ravnanje podjetja tako, da ga spodbudi k večji ali hitrejši naložbi v projekt.
Without such an impact, the aid would have no incentive effect and would not be necessary.
Brez takega vpliva pomoč ne bi imela spodbujevalnega učinka in ne bi bila nujna.
In order to have such an impact, the aid has to be decided by the State, either formally, albeit with a suspensive clause pending the necessary approval by the Commission of the compatibility of the aid on the basis of Article 88(3) of the Treaty, or through a letter of intent [21], which would not give rise to legitimate expectations but would be sufficiently strong to indicate the State’s willingness to support a project.
Za zagotovitev takega vpliva se mora država odločiti za pomoč formalno, čeprav s klavzulo o odložitvi do potrebne potrditve Komisije združljivosti pomoči na podlagi člena 88(3) Pogodbe, ali s pismom o nameri [21], kar naj ne bi sprožilo upravičenih pričakovanj, vendar pa bi dovolj odločno nakazalo pripravljenost države, da podpre projekt.
The Commission also notes that a necessary condition for the compatibility of aid to a R & D project is the prior notification of the aid under Article 88(3) of the Treaty.
Komisija tudi opozarja, da je nujni pogoj za združljivost pomoči za raziskovalno-razvojni projekt predhodna priglasitev pomoči v skladu s členom 88(3) Pogodbe.
A notification of aid to a project which is close to completion would mean that the State is not convinced about the aid it intends to grant or not able to give an assurance about such aid.
Priglasitev pomoči za projekt, katerega izvajanje se končuje, bi pomenilo, da država ni prepričana glede pomoči, ki jo namerava dodeliti, ali da ne more dati zagotovila glede take pomoči.
If, in the face of this uncertainty, the company is able to carry out the project, and even to conclude it, it is likely that the aid is not wholly necessary for the company itself.
Če kljub tej negotovosti podjetje lahko izvaja projekt in ga lahko celo dokonča, verjetno podjetje samo pomoči nujno ne potrebuje.
Basic indicators
Temeljni kazalniki
According to chapter 6 of the R & D & I Framework, the Commission has to assess, for all individual measures, a number of criteria indicating the incentive effect of the aid, relating to the increase in size, scope or speed of the project or the increase in the total amount spent by the beneficiary on R & D.
V skladu s poglavjem 6 Okvira R & R & I mora Komisija za vse posamične ukrepe preveriti več meril, ki kažejo spodbujevalni učinek pomoči in se nanašajo na povečanje velikosti, obsega ali hitrosti izvajanja projekta ali povečanje celotnega zneska, ki ga upravičenec porabi za raziskave in razvoj.
In its observations Spain has submitted a number of facts to demonstrate that the basic criteria mentioned above were met.
Španija je v svojih pripombah navedla več dejstev, da bi dokazala, da so bila prej navedena temeljna merila izpolnjena.
Firstly, according to Spain, the aid was necessary for ITP to make an investment equivalent to 12 % of the project, involving an increase in size and scope.
Prvič, po mnenju Španije je podjetje ITP pomoč nujno potrebovalo za naložbo v višini 12 % projekta, ki vključuje povečanje velikosti in obsega.
Without the aid, ITP would not have been able to make such a large investment [22].
Brez pomoči podjetje ITP ne bi moglo izvesti tako velike naložbe [22].
Secondly, according to Spain, the aid would have allowed an increase in the speed of the project.
Drugič, po mnenju Španije naj bi pomoč pospešila dokončanje projekta.
Spain argues that the time required for development of the Trent 1000 is much shorter than for previous engines.
Španija zatrjuje, da je čas, potreben za razvoj Trent 1000, veliko krajši kot za predhodne motorje.
Thirdly, Spain notes that ITP’s average R & D personnel costs (24 %) are higher than the average in the sector (19 %).
Tretjič, Španija opozarja, da so povprečni stroški dela za raziskave in razvoj (24 %) v podjetju ITP višji od povprečja v sektorju (19 %).
ITP has provided detailed information about its personnel.
Podjetje ITP je predložilo podrobne informacije o svojem osebju.
It indicates that, starting from the hypothesis that without the aid it would have not been able to carry out the project, it would have difficulties in relocating the […] full-time equivalent jobs of staff who have been working on the project.
Te kažejo, da bi podjetje, če izhajamo iz predpostavke, da brez pomoči ne bi moglo izvesti projekta, imelo težave pri prerazporeditvi v ekvivalentu polnega delovnega časa […] zaposlenih, ki so delali na projektu.
ITP says that a minimal part could be moved to more upstream work (on research and technology), but that it would have difficulties in retaining the other researchers.
Podjetje ITP navaja, da bi se jih minimalni del lahko premestilo v zgodnejše faze dela (v raziskave in tehnologijo), težko pa bi obdržalo druge raziskovalce.
According to ITP, the fact that it maintains this high level of R & D spending indicates that the aid has an incentive effect.
Po mnenju podjetja ITP dejstvo, da ohranja porabo za raziskave in razvoj na visoki ravni, kaže, da ima pomoč spodbujevalni učinek.
The Commission notes that the assessment of these indicators depends on the alternative scenario which would have materialised without the aid.
Komisija opozarja, da je ocena teh kazalnikov odvisna od alternativnega scenarija, ki bi se uresničil brez pomoči.
If the aid has indeed allowed ITP to engage in a larger project, then the aid has had an incentive effect on the scope and size of the project.
Če je pomoč podjetju ITP dejansko omogočila sodelovanje pri velikem projektu, potem je imela spodbujevalni učinek na obseg in velikost projekta.
However, the Commission notes the ambiguity of the figures concerning R & D spending.
Vendar pa Komisija opozarja na dvoumnost podatkov o porabi za raziskave in razvoj.
While it is true that ITP has high levels of R & D spending compared with competitors in the sector, this may depend more on its lack of revenues from older programmes as described above [23] than from its R & D intensity.
Čeprav je res, da ima podjetje ITP visoke stopnje porabe za raziskave in razvoj v primerjavi s tekmeci iz tega sektorja, je morda razlog za to pomanjkanje prihodkov iz starejših programov, kot je bilo prej opisano [23], ter ne njegova intenzivnost v raziskavah in razvoju.
Further, the Commission cannot accept that maintaining constant levels of R & D spending and personnel would prove that the aid has an incentive effect.
Nadalje Komisija ne more potrditi, da ohranjanje stalnih stopenj porabe za raziskave in razvoj ter osebje dokazuje spodbujevalni učinek pomoči.
On the contrary, in normal circumstances, it would seem that if the aid has no effect on R & D spending or on R & D personnel, it would mean that the effect of the aid is rather to support a project that replaces older projects which have been finished rather than to support brand-new efforts by the beneficiary.
Nasprotno, v običajnih okoliščinah se zdi, da če pomoč ne vpliva na porabo za raziskave in razvoj ali osebje na področju raziskav in razvoja, to pomeni, da je učinek pomoči bolj v podporo projektu, ki nadomešča starejše, že dokončane projekte, kot pa v podpori popolnoma novim prizadevanjem upravičenca.
In any case, in the assessment of an individual aid measure, the Commission has to undertake a detailed assessment of the information submitted by the Member State and by the beneficiary, in addition to the basic indicators mentioned above.
Vsekakor mora Komisija pri oceni posameznega ukrepa pomoči poleg prej navedenih temeljnih kazalnikov podrobno preveriti tudi informacije, ki jih predložita država članica in upravičenec.
Alternative scenarios
Alternativni scenariji
In its detailed assessment of the incentive effect, the Commission has based itself on point 7.3.3 of the R & D & I Framework.
Komisija se je pri svoji podrobni oceni spodbujevalnega učinka oprla na točko 7.3.3 Okvira R & R & I.
ITP has submitted the presentation made to its Board when it took the decision to invest in the project.
Podjetje ITP je predložilo predstavitev, ki jo je pripravilo za upravni odbor, ko je ta odločal o naložbi v projekt.
The documentation shows that the company had looked at several alternatives before negotiating with RR, with the business plans for each alternative, both with and without the aid:
Iz dokumentacije je razvidno, da je podjetje ITP, preden se je začelo pogajati s podjetjem RR, preučilo več drugih možnosti, vključno s poslovnimi načrti za vsako možnost, s pomočjo in brez nje:
[…] % of engine (whole Low Pressure Turbine),
[…] % motorja (celotna nizkotlačna turbina),
[…] % (Low Pressure Turbine less Nozzle Guide Vanes),
[…] % (nizkotlačna turbina brez vodilnih lopat s šobami),
[…] % (Low Pressure Turbine less Nozzle Guide Vanes and Seals),
[…] % (nizkotlačna turbina brez vodilnih lopat s šobami in tesnil),
[…] % (Tail Bearing Housing and Disc); in this case ITP would have been merely a sub-contractor.
[…] % (nosilna konstrukcija zadnjega dela in disk); v tem primeru bi bilo podjetje ITP le podizvajalec.
It should be remembered that the project is the final result of a negotiation between ITP and RR.
Treba je opozoriti, da je projekt končni rezultat pogajanj med podjetjema ITP in RR.
It is very difficult to guess what the outcome of such negotiation would have been in the absence of the aid.
Zelo težko je predvideti, kakšen bi bil izid teh pogajanj brez pomoči.
As a matter of fact, while there were alternative possibilities for ITP, these were not really counterfactual projects, in the sense that they depend also on the other party in the negotiation.
Čeprav je imelo podjetje ITP dejansko na voljo še druge možnosti, to v bistvu niso bili hipotetični projekti, ki bi bili odvisni tudi od druge stranke v pogajanjih.
Also, on the basis of the arguments submitted by RR, it would seem that they were not interested in a limited participation by ITP (e.g. around […] %), as it would have forced RR to take more risks, to carry out some of the work directly or to find other partners.
Na podlagi utemeljitev, ki jih je predložilo podjetje RR, se tudi zdi, da niso bili zainteresirani za omejeno sodelovanje podjetja ITP (npr. približno […] %), ker bi to podjetje RR prisililo, da prevzame več tveganja, da opravi nekatera dela neposredno ali da poišče druge partnerje.
Further, even if financial calculations for the project with and without the aid were also presented to ITP’s Board, it would seem that the availability of the aid was taken into account in the decision by ITP to engage in the project [24].
Nadalje, tudi če so bili upravnemu odboru podjetja ITP predloženi finančni izračuni za projekt s pomočjo in brez nje, se zdi, da je bila razpoložljivost pomoči upoštevana v odločitvi podjetja ITP, da sodeluje v projektu [24].
Finally, on the basis of the analysis carried out by ITP of the various alternative participations, it would seem that the decision was based mainly on a number of fairly qualitative factors (summarised in some SWOT diagrams), rather than on the quantitative ones (such as the expected internal rate of return (IRR), for instance), which were also made available to the Board.
In končno, na podlagi analize različnih hipotetičnih oblik sodelovanja, ki jo je opravilo podjetje ITP, se zdi, da je odločitev temeljila predvsem na številnih večinoma kvalitativnih dejavnikih (povzetih v prikazih SWOT) in ne na kvantitativnih (kot je na primer pričakovana notranja stopnja donosa), ki so bili tudi dani na voljo upravnemu odboru.
It should be noted that the IRR is not at all high compared with the average cost of capital of […] %.
Treba je opozoriti, da notranja stopnja donosa sploh ni visoka v primerjavi s povprečnimi stroški kapitala v višini […] %.
The IRR calculated at 25 and 50 years probably shows that without aid, the project would not be sufficiently profitable for the company to invest in it.
Notranja stopnja donosa, izračunana za 25 in 50 let, kaže, da brez pomoči projekt verjetno ne bi bil dovolj donosen, da bi se podjetje odločilo za naložbo vanj.
The low level of the final IRR, even with aid, also confirms that ITP’s real objective in agreeing to invest with expected low return, is to strengthen its position in the market.
Nizka končna notranja stopnja donosa, celo s pomočjo, tudi potrjuje, da je podjetje ITP s tem, ko se je odločilo za naložbo s pričakovanim nizkim donosom, želelo okrepiti svoj položaj na trgu.
Therefore the Commission notes that the aid undoubtedly triggered an investment by ITP in a larger project with a more ambitious scope.
Zato Komisija ugotavlja, da je pomoč nedvomno sprožila naložbo podjetja ITP v večji projekt z ambicioznejšim obsegom.
The Commission also notes that it is difficult to establish an exact counterfactual project, since there were various initial alternatives, which had in any case to be subsequently negotiated with the leader of the project, RR.
Komisija tudi ugotavlja, da je težko določiti pravi hipotetični projekt, ker je bilo najprej več možnosti, o katerih se je bilo nato vsekakor treba pogoditi z vodjem projekta, podjetjem RR.
The Commission notes that the project is profitable, as it is normal for projects concerning aero engines, since it would be against any business logic to invest in a project with negative returns.
Komisija ugotavlja, da je projekt donosen, kot so po navadi projekti letalskih motorjev, saj bi bilo v nasprotju z vsako poslovno logiko investirati v projekt z negativnimi donosi.
The Commission notes that in this type of project the main indicator used by the company in its investment decision is the IRR, which is positively impacted by the aid, since it enables it to go beyond the average cost of capital for the sector.
Komisija ugotavlja, da je pri takem projektu glavni kazalnik, ki ga podjetje uporabi pri svoji investicijski odločitvi, notranja stopnja donosa, na katero vpliva pomoč pozitivno, saj ji omogoča, da preseže povprečne stroške kapitala v sektorju.
The Commission notes that, as in aero engine projects, the amount of initial investment is particularly important and that the time path of cash flows is characterised by a negative cumulated cash flow, in the present case for the first 19 years.
Komisija ugotavlja, da je v projektih letalskih motorjev še zlasti pomemben znesek začetne naložbe in da je za časovni potek denarnih tokov značilen negativen akumuliran denarni tok, v tem primeru za prvih 19 let.
Finally, the Commission has assessed the level of risk involved in the research project.
Na koncu je Komisija ocenila raven tveganja, ki ga vključuje raziskovalni projekt.
ITP has listed the main risks of the project:
Podjetje ITP je navedlo glavna tveganja projekta:
technical risks involved in achieving the specifications for the first certification, and over a reduced period compared with previous programmes,
tehnična tveganja pri doseganju specifikacij za prvo certificiranje v krajšem obdobju v primerjavi s predhodnimi programi,
technical risks of having to redesign in early production phases,
tehnična tveganja nujnega ponovnega konstruiranja v začetnih fazah proizvodnje,
commercial risks deriving from the pricing policy (which is outside the control of ITP),
komercialna tveganja, ki izhajajo iz cenovne politike (ki ni pod nadzorom podjetja ITP),
the foreign exchange risks (because sales are denominated in dollars), and
valutna tveganja (ker je prodaja izražena v dolarjih) in
risks relating to the unit production cost, which was set by Boeing at a level implying a […] % cost reduction compared with previous engines.
tveganja, povezana s proizvodnimi stroški na enoto, ki jih je Boeing določil v višini, ki pomeni […] % zmanjšanje stroškov v primerjavi s predhodnimi motorji.
This cost is affected mostly by the novelty of the design and the cost of raw materials.
Na te stroške vplivajo predvsem nova konstrukcija in stroški surovin.
ITP has produced estimations of the variation of the net present value (NPV) of the project on the basis of changes in some of these parameters.
Podjetje ITP je pripravilo ocene spremembe neto sedanje vrednosti projekta na podlagi sprememb nekaterih od teh parametrov.
These estimations show that the NPV may easily become substantially negative either if sales are below expectations, the exchange rate is less favourable or the cost of raw material becomes higher.
Te ocene kažejo, da lahko neto sedanja vrednost hitro postane negativna, če prodaja ne doseže pričakovanj, če je menjalni tečaj manj ugoden ali če se povečajo stroški surovin.
The Commission notes that the risks of the project are significant.
Komisija ugotavlja, da so tveganja projekta velika.
It notes that not all the risks indicated by ITP are equally significant in terms of their assessment, such as for instance the foreign exchange risk.
Ugotavlja, da vsa tveganja, ki jih je navedlo podjetje ITP, pri oceni niso enako pomembna, kot na primer valutno tveganje.
The Commission further notes that ITP has been able to provide detailed calculations of the financial aspects of the project, including their sensitivity to risk factors.
Komisija potem ugotavlja, da je podjetje ITP predložilo podrobne izračune finančnih vidikov projekta, vključno z občutljivostjo za dejavnike tveganja.
These calculations show in the first place that the project is modestly profitable compared with the average cost of capital for the company.
Iz teh izračunov je predvsem razvidno, da je projekt v primerjavi s povprečnimi stroški kapitala za podjetje še kar donosen.
In the second place they show that the technical and commercial risks are significant, especially compared with the amount of investment and its expected cash-flow.
Drugič, iz njih je razvidno, da so tehnična in komercialna tveganja velika, zlasti glede na znesek naložbe in njen predvideni denarni tok.
On the basis of these criteria, the Commission is able to accept that the aid has an incentive effect, since it allows ITP to engage in a project on a scale that it would not be able to afford without aid.
Na podlagi teh meril Komisija lahko potrdi, da ima pomoč spodbujevalni učinek, saj podjetju ITP omogoča sodelovanje pri projektu v obsegu, ki si ga podjetje brez pomoči ne bi moglo privoščiti.
PROPORTIONALITY
SORAZMERNOST
In order to assess the proportionality of the measure, the Commission first has to assess the eligible costs, notably whether the doubts raised in the decision to open proceedings have been clarified; it then has to examine the aid instrument, again assessing whether any of the doubts raised have been clarified; thirdly, it must examine whether the bonuses for the regional disadvantage and for collaboration are applicable to the project; and finally, it has to define the aid intensity and verifying that it respects the conditions set in the R & D & I Framework.
Za oceno sorazmernosti ukrepa mora Komisija najprej oceniti upravičene stroške, zlasti, ali so bili pojasnjeni dvomi iz odločitve o sprožitvi postopka; nato mora pregledati instrument pomoči in znova preveriti, ali so bili pojasnjeni izraženi dvomi; tretjič, preveriti mora, ali se za projekt uporabljajo dodatki za regionalno slabost in sodelovanje; ter končno, določiti mora intenzivnost pomoči in preveriti, ali izpolnjuje pogoje iz Okvira R & R & I.
In the decision to open proceedings, the Commission raised four doubts concerning the eligible costs of the project receiving the aid:
V odločitvi o sprožitvi postopka je Komisija izrazila štiri dvome o upravičenih stroških projekta, ki prejema pomoč:
the classification of the expenditure according to the research categories was made on the basis of a theoretical model and did not reflect the real costs (and not even the projected costs) of the beneficiary;
razvrstitev izdatkov v kategorije raziskav je bila narejena na podlagi teoretičnega modela in ni izražala dejanskih stroškov (niti predvidenih stroškov) upravičenca;
in the classification of the expenditure, the level of studies preparatory to experimental development was particularly high compared with the other cost categories, especially considering other engine development projects;
v razvrstitvi izdatkov so bile pripravljalne študije za eksperimentalni razvoj razvrščene še zlasti visoko v primerjavi z drugimi kategorijami izdatkov, predvsem ob upoštevanju drugih projektov za razvoj motorjev;
several specific aspects were questionable: the amount allocated to technical management in the first year of the project and the expenditure relating to equipment (in particular where such equipment was used exclusively for the project); and
spornih je bilo več posebnih vidikov: znesek, dodeljen tehničnemu vodenju v prvem letu projekta, in izdatki za opremo (zlasti če se je taka oprema uporabljala izključno za ta projekt); ter
the inclusion of some costs incurred by ITP in the period 2008 and 2009, after the certification of the engine.
vključitev nekaterih stroškov, ki jih je imelo podjetje ITP v letih 2008 in 2009, po certifikaciji motorja.
The Commission raised doubts concerning the classification of the activities on the basis of the definition of industrial research and experimental development included in section 2.2(f) and (g) of the R & D & I Framework, as well as on its own practice in the field of R & D [25].
Komisija je izrazila dvome o razvrstitvi dejavnosti na podlagi opredelitve industrijskih raziskav in eksperimentalnega razvoja iz oddelka 2.2(f) in (g) Okvira R & R & I ter na podlagi svoje prakse na področju R & R [25].
The Commission raised a doubt regarding the eligible costs, notably on the expenditure related to equipment, on the basis of point 5.1.4 of the R & D & I Framework.
Komisija je izrazila dvom o upravičenih stroških, zlasti izdatkih za opremo, na podlagi točke 5.1.4 Okvira R & R & I.
In reply to the decision to open proceedings, Spain has provided a new classification of costs which reflected the activities effectively performed or planned, with the resulting classification in terms of R & D categories.
V odgovoru na odločitev o sprožitvi postopka je Španija predložila novo razvrstitev stroškov, ki je izražala dejansko izvedene ali načrtovane dejavnosti, ter na njej temelječo razvrstitev v kategorije raziskav in razvoja.
The new information provided by Spain allowed the Commission to analyse in detail each work package and to verify that the classification of the R & D activities was correct.
Nove informacije, ki jih je predložila Španija, so Komisiji omogočile podrobno analizo vseh delovnih paketov ter preveritev, ali je razvrstitev dejavnosti raziskav in razvoja pravilna.
Further, the Spanish authorities have accepted that the upper time limit for considering eligible costs is the certification of the aircraft.
Španski organi so nato potrdili, da je skrajni rok za upoštevanje upravičenih stroškov certificiranje letala.
Given that the costs that were incurred after certification were minor, this does not affect significantly the total amount or the distribution of costs between the R & D categories.
Glede na to, da so bili stroški, ki so nastali po certifikaciji, majhni, to bistveno ne vpliva na skupni znesek ali porazdelitev stroškov med kategorije raziskav in razvoja.