natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Blood samples for serological examination shall be collected from all species of poultry including those reared in free-range systems, from at least 5 to 10 birds (except ducks geese and quail) per holding, and from the different sheds, if more than one shed is present on a holding.
Vzorci krvi za serološke preiskave se odvzamejo pri vseh vrstah perutnine, vključno s tistimi iz proste reje, pri čemer se odvzamejo najmanj 5 do 10 pticam (razen rac, gosi in prepelic) na gospodarstvo; če je na posestvu več hlevov, se vzorci odvzamejo iz različnih hlevov.
In case of several sheds the sample size per holding should be increased appropriately.
V primeru več hlevov je treba količino vzorca na gospodarstvo ustrezno povečati.
It is recommended to take at least five birds per shed.
Priporoča se odvzem vsaj 5 ptic na hlev.
Sampling shall be stratified throughout the territory of the whole Member State, so that samples can be considered as representative for the whole of the Member State, taking into account:
Vzorčenje se porazdeli po ozemlju celotne države članice, tako da vzorci lahko veljajo za reprezentativne za celotno državo članico, pri čemer je treba upoštevati naslednje:
the number of holdings to be sampled (excluding ducks, geese and turkeys); that number shall be defined so as to ensure the identification of at least one infected holding if the prevalence of infected holdings is at least 5 %, with a 95 % confidence interval (see Table 1); and
število gospodarstev za vzorčenje (razen rac, gosi in puranov); to število se določi tako, da se pri 95-odstotnem intervalu zaupanja zagotovi identifikacija vsaj enega okuženega gospodarstva, če je prevalenca okuženih gospodarstev vsaj 5-odstotna (glej razpredelnico 1); in
the number of birds sampled from each holding shall be defined so as to ensure 95 % probability of identifying at least one positive bird if the prevalence of sero-positive birds is ≥ 30 %.
število vzorčenih ptic iz vsakega gospodarstva se določi tako, da se zagotovi 95-odstotna verjetnost identifikacije vsaj ene okužene ptice, če je prevalenca seropozitivnih ptic ≥ 30-odstotna.
Based on a risk assessment and the specific situation in the Member State concerned, the sampling design shall also consider:
Glede na oceno tveganja in posebno stanje v zadevni državi članici se pri načrtu vzorčenja upošteva tudi naslednje:
the types of production and their specific risks, shall be targeted to free range production, outdoor keeping and backyard flocks plus taking into account other factors such as multi-age, use of surface water, a relatively longer life span, the presence of more than one species on the holding or other relevant factors;
vrste reje in z njimi povezana posebna tveganja, zlasti pri prosti reji, stalni prosti reji in dvoriščni reji, pri čemer se upoštevajo tudi drugi dejavniki, kot so različna starost živali, uporaba površinskih voda, sorazmerno daljša življenjska doba in prisotnost več kot ene vrste na gospodarstvu ali drugi pomembni dejavniki;
the number of turkey, duck and goose holdings to be sampled shall be defined to ensure the identification of at least one infected holding if the prevalence of infected holdings is at least 5 %, with a 99 % confidence interval (see Table 2);
število vzorčenih gospodarstev za vzrejo puranov, rac in gosi se določi tako, da se pri 99-odstotnem intervalu zaupanja zagotovi identifikacija vsaj enega okuženega gospodarstva, če je prevalenca okuženih gospodarstev vsaj 5-odstotna (glej razpredelnico 2);
where significant number of holdings producing game, ratites and quails are present in a Member State they shall be included in the programme.
če je v državi članici precejšnje število gospodarstev za vzrejo divjih ptic, ratitov in prepelic, se ta vključijo v program.
With regard to quails only adult (or laying) breeders shall be sampled;
Pri prepelicah se vzorčijo samo odrasle ptice (ali nesnice) za vzrejo;
the time period for sampling shall coincide with seasonal production.
časovno obdobje vzorčenja se ujema s sezonsko rejo.
However, where appropriate, sampling can be adapted to other identified periods at local level, during which time the presence of other poultry hosts on a holding might pose a greater risk for disease introduction;
Po potrebi pa se lahko vzorčenje na lokalni ravni prilagodi drugim izbranim obdobjem, v katerih lahko prisotnost drugih perutninskih gostiteljev na gospodarstvu pomeni večje tveganje za pojav bolezni;
in case a significant number of backyard flocks are present, surveillance could be extended to them;
v primeru precejšnjega števila dvoriščnih jat se nadzor lahko razširi nanje;
Member States that must carry out sampling for Newcastle disease to maintain their status as Newcastle disease non-vaccinating countries in accordance with Commission Decision 94/327/EC [2] may utilise these samples from breeding flocks for the surveillance of H5/H7 antibodies.
države članice, ki morajo izvajati vzorčenje za atipično kokošjo kugo, da ohranijo status države, v kateri se v skladu z Odločbo Komisije 94/327/ES [2] ne izvaja cepljenje proti atipični kokošji kugi, lahko te vzorce iz matičnih jat uporabijo za nadzor protiteles H5/H7.
Number of holdings to be sampled of each poultry category (except turkey, duck and goose holdings)
Število gospodarstev, ki se vzorčijo za vsako kategorijo perutnine (razen gospodarstev za vzrejo puranov, rac in gosi)
Number of holdings per poultry category per Member State
Število gospodarstev glede na kategorijo perutnine na državo članico
Number of holdings to be sampled
Število gospodarstev za vzorčenje
Number of turkey, duck and goose holdings to be sampled
Število gospodarstev za vzrejo puranov, rac in gosi za vzorčenje
Number of holdings per Member State
Število gospodarstev na državo članico
Specific requirements for detection of infections with H5/H7 subtypes of avian influenza in ducks, geese and quail
Posebne zahteve za odkrivanje okužb s podtipoma H5/H7 aviarne influence pri racah, goseh in prepelicah
Blood samples for serological testing shall be taken preferably from birds which are kept outside in fields.
Krvni vzorci za serološko testiranje se po možnosti odvzamejo pticam, ki se redijo na prostem.
From each selected holding 40-50 blood samples shall be taken for serological testing.
Na vsakem izbranem gospodarstvu se za serološko testiranje odvzame 40–50 krvnih vzorcev.
In case commercial flocks are not present, surveillance could be carried out on backyard flocks.
Če komercialnih jat ni, se nadzor lahko opravi na dvoriščnih jatah.
Laboratory tests shall be carried out in accordance with the avian influenza diagnostic manual (Commission Decision 2006/437/EC) laying down the procedures for the confirmation and differential diagnosis of avian influenza (including examination of sera from ducks and geese by haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test).
Laboratorijski testi se izvajajo v skladu z diagnostičnim priročnikom za aviarno influenco (Odločba 2006/437/ES), ki določa postopke za potrditev in diferencialno diagnostiko aviarne influence (vključno s preiskavami serumov rac in gosi s testom inhibicije hemaglutinacije).
However, if laboratory tests not laid down in the avian influenza diagnostic manual nor described in the OIE Terrestrial Manual are envisaged, Member States shall provide the necessary validation data to the CRL, in parallel to submitting their programme to the Commission for approval.
Če so predvideni laboratorijski testi, ki niso določeni v diagnostičnem priročniku za aviarno influenco niti opisani v Priročniku o kopenskih živalih OIE, države članice predložijo CRL potrebne podatke za ovrednotenje in hkrati predložijo svoj program Komisiji v odobritev.
All positive serological findings shall be confirmed by the National Laboratories for avian influenza by a haemagglutination-inhibition test, using designated strains supplied by the Community Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza:
Vse pozitivne serološke rezultate nacionalni laboratoriji za aviarno influenco potrdijo s testom inhibicije hemaglutinacije, in sicer z uporabo določenih sevov, ki jih priskrbi referenčni laboratorij Skupnosti za aviarno influenco:
initial test using Ostrich/Denmark/72420/96 (H5N2);
začetni test z Ostrich/Denmark/72420/96 (H5N2);
test all positives with Duck/Denmark/64650/03 (H5N7) to eliminate N2 cross reactive antibody.
testiranje vseh pozitivnih vzorcev z Duck/Denmark/64650/03 (H5N7), da se izloči navzkrižno reaktivno protitelo N2;
initial test using Turkey/England/647/77 (H7N7);
začetni test s Turkey/England/647/77 (H7N7);
test all positives with African Starling/983/79 (H7N1) to eliminate N7 cross reactive antibody.
testiranje vseh pozitivnih vzorcev z African Starling/983/79 (H7N1), da se izloči navzkrižno reaktivno protitelo N7.
Guidelines on the implementation of surveillance programmes for avian influenza in wild birds to be carried out in the Member States
Smernice za izvajanje programov nadzora za aviarno influenco pri divjih pticah v državah članicah
Virological surveillance for avian influenza in wild birds aim to identify the risk of introduction of AI viruses (LPAI and HPAI) to domestic poultry by:
Namen virološkega nadzora za aviarno influenco pri divjih pticah je določitev tveganja za pojav virusov aviarne influence (LPAI in HPAI) pri domači perutnini na naslednji način:
ensuring early detection of HPAI H5N1 by investigating increased incidence of morbidity and mortality in wild birds, in particular in selected ‘higher risk’ species.
zagotavljanje zgodnjega odkritja HPAI H5N1 s preiskavo povečane stopnje obolevnosti in smrtnosti pri divjih pticah, zlasti pri posameznih vrstah s „povečanim tveganjem“,
in the event that HPAI H5N1 is detected in wild birds, then surveillance of live and dead wild birds shall be enhanced to determine whether wild birds of other species can act as asymptomatic carriers or ‘bridge species’ (see Part E of this Annex).
v primeru odkritja HPAI H5N1 pri divjih pticah se nadzor živih in mrtvih divjih ptic okrepi, da se ugotovi, ali so divje ptice drugih vrst lahko asimptomatski nosilci ali „vezni členi“ (glej del E te priloge),
continuing a ‘baseline’ surveillance of different species of free living migratory birds as part of continuous monitoring of LPAI viruses.
nadaljevanje „osnovnega“ nadzora različnih vrst prostoživečih ptic selivk kot del stalnega spremljanja virusov LPAI.
Anseriformes (water fowl) and Charadriiformes (shorebirds and gulls) shall be the main sampling targets to assess if they carry LPAI viruses of H5 and H7 subtypes (which would in any case also detect HPAI H5N1 and other HPAI, if present).
Vzorčijo se predvsem plojkokljuni (vodne ptice) in pobrežniki (obrežne ptice in galebi), da se oceni, ali so nosilci virusov LPAI podtipov H5 in H7 (s čimer bi se v vsakem primeru odkril tudi morebiti prisoten HPAI H5N1 in drugi HPAI).
‘Higher risk species’ must be targeted in particular.
Posebno pozornost je treba nameniti „vrstam s povečanim tveganjem“.
All results shall be sent to the Community Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza (CRL) for collation.
Vsi rezultati se za primerjalno analizo pošljejo referenčnemu laboratoriju Skupnosti za aviarno influenco (CRL).
All avian influenza virus isolates of cases in wild birds shall be submitted to the CRL in accordance with Community legislation, unless a derogation according to paragraph 4 of Chapter V under Differential diagnosis in the avian influenza Diagnostic Manual laid down in Decision 2006/437/EC is granted.
Vsi izolati virusa aviarne influence pri divjih pticah se pošljejo CRL v skladu z zakonodajo Skupnosti, razen če se odobri odstopanje v skladu z diferencialno diagnozo iz odstavka 4 poglavja V diagnostičnega priročnika za aviarno influenco iz Odločbe 2006/437/ES.
Viruses of H5/H7 subtype shall be submitted without delay and shall be subjected to the standard characterisation tests (nucleotide sequencing/IVPI) according to the said diagnostic manual.
Virusi podtipa H5/H7 se pošljejo takoj in na njih se opravijo standardni karakterizacijski testi (nukleotidno sekvenciranje/IVPI) v skladu z omenjenim diagnostičnim priročnikom.
Surveillance for avian influenza in wild birds
Nadzor aviarne influence pri divjih pticah
Design and implementation
Načrt in izvajanje
Close cooperation with epidemiologists and ornithologists and the competent authority for nature conservation shall be ensured for designing the surveillance, assisting in species identification and optimising sampling.
Za pripravo načrta, pomoč pri ugotavljanju vrst in optimizacijo vzorčenja se zagotovi tesno sodelovanje med epidemiologi in ornitologi ter pristojnim organom za ohranjanje narave.
The design of the surveillance shall be adapted to the national situation as regards selection of species to be sampled according to species predominance and bird population sizes.
Načrt nadzora se pri izboru vrst za vzorčenje prilagodi nacionalnim razmeram glede na prevladujoče vrste in velikost populacij ptic.
Sampling must consider the seasonality of migration patterns, which may vary in different Member States.
Vzorčenje mora upoštevati sezonske dejavnike selitvenih vzorcev, ki se lahko v različnih državah članicah zelo razlikujejo.
It shall take into account the behaviour of bird species as regards migratory flyways, main habitats, gregariousness and degree of mixing during migration and the results obtained from previous surveillance during 2003-2006.
Upošteva se vedenje ptičjih vrst glede selitvenih poti, glavni habitati, družabnost posameznih ptičjih vrst in v kakšnem obsegu se družijo med seboj med selitvijo ter rezultati iz prejšnjega nadzora v obdobju 2003–2006.
In addition, continuous review and feedback will be provided through the AI wild bird surveillance working group who are analysing new data as they become available.
Poleg tega bo delovna skupina za nadzor aviarne influence pri divjih pticah, ki analizira nove podatke, ko postanejo dostopni, zagotavljala redne preglede in povratne informacije.
For H5N1 HPAI, all those factors shall be considered in relation to the probability of wild bird exposure to infected poultry and wild birds in outbreak areas and the probability of contact of wild birds with domestic poultry in the poultry husbandry systems in the different Member States.
Za H5N1 HPAI bodo vsi navedeni dejavniki upoštevani glede na verjetnost izpostavljenosti divjih ptic okuženi perutnini in divjim pticam na območjih izbruha ter glede na verjetnost stika divjih ptic z domačo perutnino v sistemu reje perutnine v različnih državah članicah.
To assess those probabilities, the decision trees and tables in the opinion of EFSA [1], which were drawn up in collaboration with the European Commission's Environment Directorate-General can provide an effective tool for Member States’ local risk assessments to adapt to an evolving situation based on a close collaboration and exchange of views between Member States.Liaisons with bird conservation/watching institutions and ringing stations shall be encouraged.
Za oceno navedenih verjetnosti lahko drevesa odločanja in razpredelnice iz mnenja EFSA [1], ki so bili pripravljeni v sodelovanju z Generalnim direktoratom za okolje Evropske komisije, zagotovijo učinkovito orodje za prilagoditev lokalnih ocen tveganj držav članic razvoju situacije na podlagi tesnega sodelovanja in izmenjave mnenj med državami članicami.Potrebno je povezovanje z ustanovami za varovanje/opazovanje ptic in centri za obročkanje ptic.
Sampling, where appropriate, shall be carried out under the supervision of staff from these groups/stations, by hunters and other ornithologically skilled persons.
Po potrebi vzorčenje izvajajo lovci ali druge osebe z ornitološkim znanjem pod nadzorom osebja iz teh skupin/centrov.
Passive surveillance of sick and dead wild birds shall be targeted on:
Pasivni nadzor bolnih in mrtvih divjih ptic je osredotočen na:
areas where increased incidence of morbidity and mortality in wild birds occurs;
območja s povečano stopnjo obolevnosti in smrtnosti pri divjih pticah;
areas close to the sea, lakes and waterways where birds were found dead; and in particular when these areas are in proximity to domestic poultry farms;
območja blizu morja, jezer in vodnih poti, kjer so bile najdene mrtve ptice; zlasti kadar so ta območja v bližini farm domače perutnine;
birds belonging to identified ‘higher risk’ species listed in part D and other wild birds living in close proximity with them.
ptice iz vrst s „povečanim tveganjem“, navedene v delu D, in druge divje ptice, ki živijo v njihovi neposredni bližini.
In addition, investigations of living and dead wild birds in areas where H5N1 cases have been detected shall ideally be targeted on birds:
Poleg tega se morajo preiskave živih in mrtvih divjih ptic na območjih, kjer so bili odkriti primeri H5N1, v najboljšem primeru osredotočiti na:
wild birds or poultry to possibly identify asymptomatic carriers;
divje ptice ali perutnino, da se morebiti ugotovijo asimptomatski nosilci;
in areas epidemiologically linked to these cases;
ptice z območij, ki so epidemiološko povezana s temi primeri;
coming possibly in close contact to domestic poultry holdings (Protection zone, surveillance zone and area B), which might function as ‘bridge species’, in particular those that are listed in part E.
ptice, ki morda prihajajo v tesen stik z gospodarstvi z domačo perutnino (okuženo območje, ogroženo območje in del B), ki so lahko „vezni členi“, zlasti tiste iz dela E.
Active surveillance on living and clinically healthy and/or clinically diseased, injured or hunted [2] birds shall be targeted on:
Aktivni nadzor živih in klinično zdravih in/ali klinično obolelih, poškodovanih ali ulovljenih [2] ptic je osredotočen na:
migratory birds belonging to the orders of Anseriformes (water fowl) and Charadriiformes (shorebirds and gulls);
ptice selivke iz reda plojkokljunov (vodne ptice) in pobrežnikov (obrežne ptice in galebi);
at identified areas for concentration and mixing of high number of migratory birds involving different species and in particular when these areas are in proximity to domestic poultry farms;
območja, za katera sta ugotovljena koncentracija in mešanje velikega števila ptic selivk različnih vrst in zlasti kadar so ta območja v bližini farm domače perutnine;
a selection of higher risk species [3].
izbor vrst s povečanim tveganjem [3].
Oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs for virological examination shall be taken from apparently healthy free living birds.
Brisi žrela in kloakalni brisi za virološke preiskave se odvzamejo od dozdevno zdravih prostoživečih ptic.
If for any reason it is impractical to take cloacal swabs from live birds carefully collected fresh faeces samples may serve as an alternative.
Če je iz kakršnega koli razloga odvzem kloakalnih brisov pri živih pticah nepraktičen, so lahko previdno zbrani vzorci svežih iztrebkov nadomestna možnost.
However, traceability in case of mixed sites frequented by different bird species must be ensured.
Vendar je treba na območjih, kjer se mešajo različne ptičje vrste, zagotoviti sledljivost.
Cloacal and tracheal/oropharyngeal swabs and/or tissues (namely the brain, heart, lung, trachea, kidney and intestines) from wild birds found dead or shot shall be sampled for virus isolation and molecular detection (PCR).
Kloakalni brisi ali brisi sapnika/žrela in/ali tkiva (in sicer možgani, srce, pljuča, sapnik, ledvice in črevesje) divjih ptic, ki so bile najdene mrtve ali ustreljene, se vzorčijo za izolacijo virusa in molekularno detekcijo (PCR).
Swabs must be chilled immediately on ice or with frozen gel packs and submitted to the laboratory as quickly as possible.
Brise je treba takoj ohladiti na ledu ali z zmrznjenimi hladilnimi vložki ter jih čim prej poslati v laboratorij.
Samples must not be frozen unless absolutely necessary.
Vzorci se ne smejo zamrzniti, razen če je to nujno potrebno.
If available, swabs must be placed in antibiotic or specific virus transport medium so that they are fully immersed.
Če je možno, je treba brise vstaviti v antibiotsko ali posebno virusno transportno gojišče, da so popolnoma potopljeni.
Placing samples in medium for transportation must be done in addition to chilling and not as an alternative to chilling.
Vstavitev vzorcev v transportno gojišče je dodaten ukrep poleg ohladitve in ne nadomestilo zanjo.
In the absence of such medium, swabs must be returned to their casing and submitted dry.
Če takšno gojišče ni na voljo, je treba brise ponovno vstaviti v ovoj in jih poslati v suhem stanju.
If rapid transport within 48 hours to the laboratory (in transport medium at 4° Celsius) is not guaranteed, samples shall be immediately frozen, stored and then transported on dry ice.
Če ni zagotovljen hitri prevoz do laboratorija v 48 urah (v transportnem gojišču pri 4 °C), se vzorci takoj zamrznejo, shranijo in prevažajo na suhem ledu.
Storage and transport of samples may be affected by a variety of factors so the method selected must be fit for purpose.
Na shranjevanje in prevoz vzorcev lahko vplivajo različni dejavniki, zato mora biti izbrani način ustrezen.
Sampling procedures shall be carried out in accordance with the avian influenza diagnostic manual (Commission Decision 2006/437/EC) laying down the procedures for the confirmation and differential diagnostic of avian influenza.
Postopki vzorčenja se izvajajo v skladu z diagnostičnim priročnikom za aviarno influenco (Odločba 2006/437/ES), ki določa postopke za potrditev in diferencialno diagnostiko aviarne influence.
Laboratory tests shall be carried out in accordance with the avian influenza diagnostic manual (Commission Decision 2006/437/EC) laying down the procedures for the confirmation and differential diagnostic of avian influenza.
Laboratorijski testi se izvajajo v skladu z diagnostičnim priročnikom za aviarno influenco (Odločba 2006/437/ES), ki določa postopke za potrditev in diferencialno diagnostiko aviarne influence.
If H5 HPAI is confirmed further analysis to determine the N type must be done rapidly (even this can only provide evidence eliminating N1).
Poleg tega morajo uporabljene metode dati sprejemljive rezultate v nazadnje izvedenem primerjalnem krožnem testu nacionalnih laboratorijev.
At the laboratory, pooling of up to five samples taken from the same species collected at the same site and same time may be permitted when it can be ensured that, in case of a positive finding, the individual samples can be identified and retested.
Priporočljivo je izvesti predhodni screening test z metodo M-gene PCR, s hitrim testom pozitivnih vzorcev na H5 (vendar v roku 2 tednov), v primeru pozitivnih rezultatov pa je treba v najkrajšem času opraviti analizo cepitvenega mesta, da se ugotovi, ali gre za visoko patogeno aviarno influenco (HPAI) ali nizko patogeno aviarno influenco (LPAI). Če se potrdi H5 HPAI, je treba hitro opraviti še analizo za določitev tipa N (čeprav se lahko s to analizo izloči samo N1).
Bewick's Swan
Vendar je serološki nadzor lahko pomemben za preučitev, pri katerih vrstah ptic stalnic ali selivk so (bili) virusi H5/H7 prevladujoči (ali endemični). Takšne analize lahko izvajajo samo specializirani laboratoriji z uporabo skrbno izbranih antigenov, ki zagotavljajo detekcijo protiteles, specifičnih za hemaglutinin (tj. da se prepreči možnost vpliva N-specifičnih protiteles).
Mute Swan
labod grbec
Pink-footed Goose
labod pevec
Bean Goose
labod grbec
Greater White-fronted Goose (European race)
Gosi kratkokljuna gos
Lesser White-fronted Goose
njivska gos
Greylag Goose
siva gos
Brent Goose
rdečenoga gos
Red-breasted Goose
siva gos
Canada Goose
kanadska gos
Ducks
race
Eurasian Wigeon
grivasta gos
Common Teal
rdečevrata gos
Northern Pintail
Branta canadensis
Garganey
žvižgavka
Northern Shoveler
kreheljc
Marbled Teal
mlakarica
Red-crested Pochard
dolgorepa raca
Common Pochard
regeljc
Northern Lapwing
moškatna raca
Eurasian Golden Plover
domača gos Anser anser domesticus visoka
Black-tailed Godwit
tatarska žvižgavka
Ruff
sivka
Black-headed Gull
domači golob
Common Gull
domači vrabec
List of birds living in proximity to domestic poultry [5]
Vanellus vanellus
Species intimately associated with poultry production in Europe
črnorepi kljunač
Domestic Goose
Limosa limosa
Domestic Muscovy Duck
Galebi
House Sparrow
domači vrabec
Group 2.
Seznam ptic, ki živijo v bližini domače perutnine [5] Splošno ime Znanstveno ime