natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The details of a treatment with essential substances must be recorded in accordance with the instructions laid down in Section IX of the identification document for equidae set out in Decisions 93/623/EC and 2000/68/EC.
Podrobnosti v zvezi z zdravljenjem z bistvenimi snovmi je treba evidentirati v skladu z navodili iz oddelka IX identifikacijskega dokumenta za konje iz odločb 93/623/EGS in 2000/68/ES.
Any substance that is entered in one of the lists in Annexes I to IV to Regulation (EC) No 2377/90, or the use of which for equidae is prohibited by Community legislation, shall no longer be used as an essential substance for the purposes of this Regulation.
Vsaka snov, ki je na enem od seznamov v prilogah I do IV k Uredbi (EGS) št. 2377/90, ali katere uporabo za konje zakonodaja Skupnosti prepoveduje, se za namene te uredbe več ne uporablja kot bistvena snov.
The European Medicines Agency shall, at the request of the Commission, ensure that the Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use carries out a scientific evaluation of any draft amendment to the list set out in the Annex.
1. Evropska agencija za zdravila na zahtevo Komisije zagotovi, da bo Odbor za zdravila za uporabo v veterinarski medicini opravil znanstveno vrednotenje za vsak osnutek spremembe seznama iz Priloge.
Within 210 days of receiving such a request, the European Medicines Agency shall deliver an opinion to the Commission on the scientific suitability of the amendment.
Evropska agencija za zdravila v 210 dneh po prejetju takšne zahteve Komisiji predloži mnenje o znanstveni ustreznosti spremembe.
Where appropriate, the European Food Safety Authority shall also be consulted.
Po potrebi se posvetuje tudi z Evropsko agencijo za varnost hrane.
When Member States or veterinary professional associations ask the Commission to amend the list set out in the Annex they shall duly substantiate their request and include any relevant scientific data available.
Kadar države članice ali poklicna združenja veterinarjev od Komisije zahtevajo, da spremeni seznam iz Priloge, morajo svojo zahtevo ustrezno utemeljiti in priskrbeti ustrezne in razpoložljive znanstvene podatke.
COM(2000) 806 final, 5.12.2000.
COM(2000) 806 konč., 5.12.2000.
List of substances essential for the treatment of equidae
Seznam bistvenih snovi za zdravljenje konjev
The withdrawal period for each of the substances on the following list shall be six months.
Rok za umik vsake od navedenih snovi na seznamu je 6 mesecev.
Justification and explanation of use
Utemeljitev in pojasnilo uporabe
Anaesthetics, analgesics and substances used in association with anaesthesia
Anestetiki, analgetiki in snovi, ki se uporabljajo pri anesteziji
Sedation and premedication (and antagonism)
Sedacija in premedikacija (in antagonizem)
Purpose: premedication prior to general anaesthesia, mild sedation.
Namen: premedikacija pred splošno anestezijo, blaga sedacija.
Identification of alternatives: detomidine, romfidine, xylazine, diazepam, midazolam.
Alternative: detomidin, romfidin, ksilazin, diazepam, midazolam.
Discussion of the specific advantages: acepromazine has consistently been shown to reduce risk of anaesthetic death.
Opis posebnih prednosti: Za acepromazin je bilo vedno značilno, da zmanjšuje tveganje smrti zaradi anestetika.
Mode of action (on limbic system) and unique quality of sedation cannot be produced by the alpha-2 agonist sedatives (detomidine, romifidine and xylazine) or the benzodiazepines (diazepam, midazolam).
Alfa-2 agonistični sedativi (detomidin, romifidin in ksilazin) ali benzodiazepini (diazepam, midazolam) ne delujejo enako (na limbični sistem) in tudi značilnosti sedacije, ki jo povzročijo, so drugačne.
Purpose: α-2 adrenoceptor antagonist used for reversal of α-2 agonists.
Namen: α-2 adrenergični antagonist za reverzijo α-2 agonistov.
Identification of alternatives: none identified.
Alternative: ni.
Discussion of the specific advantages: only treatment for hypersensitive individual and overdose.
Opis posebnih prednosti: Samo za zdravljenje hipersenzitivnih posameznikov pri predoziranju.
Emergency medicine.
Zdravilo za nujne primere.
Specifically used in cases of respiratory depression.
Uporablja se zlasti v primeru respiratorne depresije.
Purpose: premedication and induction of anaesthesia.
Namen: Premedikacija in indukcija anestezije.
Mild (benzodiazepine) tranquilisation with minimal cardiovascular and respiratory side effects.
Blaga (benzodiazepin) umiritev z zelo majhnimi kardiovaskularnimi in respiratornimi stranskimi učinki.
Anti-convulsant, essential for treatment of seizures.
Proti konvulzijam, bistven za zdravljenje napadov.
Identification of alternatives: acepromazine, detomidine, romfidine, xylazine, midazolam, primidone, phenytoin.
Alternative: acepromazin, detomidin, romfidin, ksilazin, midazolam, primidon, fenitoin.
Discussion of the specific advantages: in modern medicinal standards an essential component of anaesthetic induction protocols with very considerable equine experience.
Opis posebnih prednosti: V sodobnih medicinskih standardih bistvena sestavina protokolov indukcije anestezije, večkrat preizkušena na konjih.
Used with ketamine for induction of anaesthesia, producing essential relaxation that allows smooth induction and intubation.
V kombinaciji s ketaminom se uporablja za indukcijo anestezije, pri čemer povzroči potrebno sprostitev, ki omogoča lažjo indukcijo in intubacijo.
Mode of action (acts at GABA receptor) and unique tranquilisation without cardiorespiratory depression cannot be produced by the α-2 agonist sedatives (detomidine, romifidine and xylazine) or acepromazine.
Alfa-2 agonistični sedativi (detomidin, romifidin in ksilazin) ali acepromazin ne delujejo enako (deluje kot GABA receptor) in tudi ne povzročijo umiritve brez kardiorespiratorne depresije.
Anti-convulsant, for treatment of seizures, particularly adult horses with tetanus.
Proti konvulzijam, za zdravljenje napadov, zlasti pri odraslih konjih s tetanusom.
Identification of alternatives: acepromazine, detomidine, romfidine, xylazine, diazepam, primidone, phenytoin.
Alternative: acepromazin, detomidin, romfidin, ksilazin, diazepam, primidon, fenitoin.
Discussion of the specific advantages: similar to diazepam but water soluble, thus suitable for intravenous injection and essential for intravenous infusion in combination with anaesthetics.
Opis posebnih prednosti: Podoben diazepamu, vendar topen v vodi, zato primeren za intrevenozno injiciranje in bistven za intravenozno infuzijo v kombinaciji z anestetiki.
Shorter acting than diazepam.
Krajše delovanje kot pri diazepamu.
More suitable than diazepam for foals.
Za žrebeta primernejši kot diazepam.
Anti-convulsant, for treatment of seizures, particularly adult horses with tetanus – better than diazepam for use over several days due to water solubility.
Proti konvulzijam, za zdravljenje napadov, zlasti pri odraslih konjih s tetanusom – ker je topen v vodi, je primernejši za večdnevno uporabo kot diazepam.
Mode of action (acts at GABA receptor) and unique tranquilisation without cardiorespiratory depression cannot be produced by the α-2 agonist sedatives (detomidine, romifidne and xylazine) or acepromazine.
Alfa-2 agonistični sedativi (detomidin, romifidin in ksilazin) ali acepromazin ne delujejo enako (deluje kot GABA receptor) in tudi ne povzročijo umiritve brez kardiorespiratorne depresije.
Purpose: opioid-antidote, emergency medicine.
Namen: opioid – protistrup, zdravilo za nujne primere.
Discussion of the specific advantages: no alternatives available.
Alternative: ni. Opis posebnih prednosti: ni alternativ.
Identification of alternatives: inhalation anaesthetics such as sevoflurane or isoflurane.
Alternative: Inhalacijski anestetiki, kot sta sevofluran ali izofluran.
Discussion of the specific advantages: rapidly cleared injectable anaesthetic.
Opis posebnih prednosti: Anestetik za injiciranje, ki se hitro izloči iz telesa.
Recent reports demonstrate vast improvement in cardiovascular stability and quality of recovery over inhalation anaesthesia.
Zadnja poročila kažejo veliko izboljšanje kardiovaskularne stabilnosti in hitrosti okrevanja po inhalacijski anesteziji.
Purpose: benzodiazepine antagonist.
Namen: antagonist benzodiazepina.
Identification of alternatives: flumazenil.
Alternative: flumazenil.
Discussion of the specific advantages: clean reversal of benzodiazepine sedation required after infusion during total intravenous anaesthesia.
Opis posebnih prednosti: Po infuziji med popolno intravenozno anestezijo potrebna čista reverzija sedacije z benzodiazepinom.
Widest clinical experience with sarmazenil compared to other potential candidates for essential substances.
Več kliničnih izkušenj s sarmazenilom kot drugimi potencialnimi kandidati za bistvene snovi.
Purpose: Dissociative anaesthetic similar to ketamine, especially used for field anaesthesia.
Namen: Disociativni anestetik, podoben ketaminu, ki se uporablja zlasti za anestezijo na terenu.
Used in combination with zolazepam.
Uporablja se v kombinaciji z zolazepamom.
Identification of alternatives: ketamine.
Alternative: ketamin.
Discussion of the specific advantages: The use in combination with zolazepam is essential in cases when there is no access to inhalation anaesthesia such as for field anaesthesia.
Opis posebnih prednosti: Uporaba v kombinaciji z zolazepamom je bistvena, kadar pri anesteziji na terenu ni na voljo inhalacijskega anestetika.
Combination is also essential where anaesthesia with ketamine combinations is too short.
Kombinacija je bistvena, kadar je anestezija s kombinacijo s ketaminom prekratka.
Typical applications are castrations, laryngotomies, periosteal stripping, cyst or lump excisions, repair of facial fractures, cast applications and umbilical hernia repairs.
Navadno se uporablja pri kastracijah, laringotomijah, odstranjevanju parazitov, odstranjevanju cist ali bul, oskrbovanju zlomov obraznih kosti, nameščanju mavca in zdravljenju umbilikalne kile.
Purpose: dissociative anaesthetic similar to ketamine, especially used for field anaesthesia.
Namen: Disociativni anestetik, podoben ketaminu, ki se uporablja zlasti za anestezijo na terenu.
Used in combination with tiletamine.
Uporablja se v kombinaciji s tiletaminom.
Discussion of the specific advantages: benzodiazepine tranquilliser, which is longer acting than either diazepam or midazolam.
Opis posebnih prednosti: Benzodiazepin je pomirjevalo z daljšim delovanjem kot diazepam ali midazolam.
The use with tiletamine is essential in cases when there is no access to inhalation anaesthesia such as for field anaesthesia.
Uporaba v kombinaciji s tiletaminom je bistvena, kadar pri anesteziji na terenu ni na voljo inhalacijskega anestetika.
Combination is essential where anaesthesia with ketamine combinations is too short.
Kombinacija je bistvena, kadar je anestezija s kombinacijo s ketaminom prekratka.
Hypotension or respiratory stimulation during anaesthesia
Hipotenzija ali respiratorna stimulacija med anestezijo
Purpose: treatment of hypotension during anaesthesia.
Namen: zdravljenje hipotenzije med anestezijo.
Identification of alternatives: dopamine.
Alternative: dopamin.
Discussion of the specific advantages: positive inotrope therapy, probably more used than dopamine but preferences vary.
Opis posebnih prednosti: Pozitivna inotropna terapija, verjetno se ga uprablja več kot dopamin, vendar so preference različne.
Horses usually develop hypotension during anaesthesia, and maintenance of normal blood pressure has been shown to reduce the incidence of serious post-operative rhabdomyolysis.
Med anestezijo konj se navadno pojavi hipotenzija in izkazalo se je, da ohranjanje normalnega krvnega pritiska zmanjšuje pojav hujše postoperativne rabdomiolize.
Dobutamine is invaluable during volatile anaesthesia in horses.
Dobutamin je neprecenljiv med kratkotrajno anestezijo pri konjih.
Identification of alternatives: dobutamine.
Alternative: dobutamin.
Discussion of the specific advantages: dopamine is required in horses that do not respond to dobutamine.
Opis posebnih prednosti: Dopamin je treba uporabiti pri konjih, ki se ne odzivajo na dobutamin.
In foals dopamine is used in preference to dobutamine.
Pri žrebcih se raje uporablja dopamin kot dobutamin.
Additionally required for treatment of intraoperative bradydysrhythmias that are resistant to atropine.
Potreben je tudi pri zdravljenju intraoperativnih bradidisritmij, proti katerim atropin ne deluje.
Identification of alternatives: dopamine, dobutamine.
Alternative: dopamin, dobutamin.
Discussion of the specific advantages: required where dopamine and dobutamine are ineffective.
Opis posebnih prednosti: Uporablja se, kadar sta dopamin in dobutamin neučinkovita.
A unique sympathomimetic agent, which is structurally similar to adrenaline.
Edinstveni simpatomimetični agent, ki je po strukturi podoben adrenalinu.
It is impossible to use the action of catecholamines on specific receptors in the body to the benefit of equine patients without recourse to the use of a number of catecholamines, each active at a different receptor profile.
Delovanje kateholaminov na določene receptorje v telesu je nemogoče uporabiti v korist bolnih konjev, ne da bi pri tem uporabili različne kateholamine, ki delujejo na različne receptorje.
Hence ephedrine, which causes noradrenaline release at the nerve endings, thereby increasing cardiac contractility and obtunding hypotension, is used when dobutamine and dopamine are ineffective.
Zato se efedrin, ki povzroča sprostitev noradrenalina v živčnih končičih in s tem poveča krčljivost srčne mišice in zmanjša hipotenzijo, uporabi, kadar sta dobutamin in dopamin neučinkovita.
Ephedrine lasts minutes to hours and is effective after a single intravenous injection, whereas dobutamine and dopamine last only a few seconds or minutes and must be given by infusion.
Efedrin deluje več minut ali ur in je učinkovit po eni sami intravenozni injekciji, medtem ko dobutamin in dopamin delujeta samo nekaj sekund ali minut in ju je treba dati z infuzijo.
Glycopyrrolate
Glikopirolat
Purpose: prevention of bradycardia.
Namen: Preprečevanje bradikardije.
Anticholinergic.
Antiholinergik.
Anticholinergics are fundamental treatment for prevention of parasympathetic effects such as bradycardia and are routine components of eye and airway surgery.
Antiholinergiki so bistveni za preprečevanje parasimpatičnih učinkov, kot je bradikardija, in so običajna sestavina pri operacijah oči in dihalnih poti.
Identification of alternatives: atropine.
Alternative: atropin.
Discussion of the specific advantages: glycopyrrolate has a limited central effect and is more suitable in conscious horses (before and after anaesthesia) than atropine.
Opis posebnih prednosti: Glikopirolat ima omejen centralni učinek in je primernejši za konje pri zavesti (pred in po anesteziji) kot atropin.
Discussion of the specific advantages: the animal’s catecholamine receptor profile responds precisely to medicines acting at different sites.
Opis posebnih prednosti: Profil receptorja kateholamina pri živali se natančno odziva na zdravila, ki delujejo na različne predele.
Hence a range of catecholamines acting more or less exclusively on different types of adrenergic receptors is used to produce a precise effect.
Zato se veliko kateholaminov, ki delujejo bolj ali manj izključno na različne tipe adrenergičnih receptorjev, uporablja za ustvarjenje natančno usmerjenega učinka.
Noradrenaline acts primarily on alpha-1 receptors to vasoconstrict arterioles, thereby increasing blood pressure and maintaining central circulation.
Noradrenalin deluje v prvi vrsti na alfa-1 receptorje v vazokonstriktornih arteriolah ter s tem povečuje krvni pritisk in ohranja centralno cirkulacijo.
In foals, noradrenaline is commonly the only catecholamine effective in treatment of hypotension.
Pri žrebetih je noradrenalin navadno edini učinkoviti kateholamin pri zdravljenju hipotenzije.
Purpose: analgesia, used with sedatives for restraint.
Namen: analgezija, uporabljena v kombinaciji s sedativi za obvladovanje.
Identification of alternatives: butorphanol, fentanyl, morphine and pethidine.
Alternative: butorfanol, fentanil, morfin in petidin.
Discussion of the specific advantages: partial μ-agonist opioid analgesic. μ-receptor activity produces better analgesia than κ-agonist opioids such as butorphanol.
Opis posebnih prednosti: Delni μ-agonistični opioidni analgetik. Delovanje μ-receptorja zagotavlja boljšo analgezijo kot κ-agonistični opioidi, kot je butorfanol.
Long-acting analgesic.
Analgetik z dolgotrajnim delovanjem.
Due to partial agonist characteristic, has limited addictive and respiratory depressant properties.
Zaradi delnega agonističnega delovanja so možnosti, da povzroči odvisnost in respiratorno depresijo, omejene.
Long and short-acting opioids have different indications, hence the need for more than one alternative substances as choice.
Opioidi z dolgotrajnim in kratkotrajnim delovanjem imajo različne indikacije, zato obstaja potreba po več kot eni alternativni snovi.
Purpose: analgesia.
Namen: analgezija.
Identification of alternatives: butorphanol, buprenorphine, morphine and pethidine.
Alternative: butorfanol, buprenorfin, morfin in petidin.
Discussion of the specific advantages: μ-agonist opioid, μ-receptor activity produces better analgesia than κ-agonist opioids such as butorphanol.
Opis posebnih prednosti: μ-agonistični opioid. Delovanje μ-receptorja zagotavlja boljšo analgezijo kot κ-agonistični opioidi, kot je butorfanol.
Very short acting due to rapid metabolism and excretion.
Zelo kratkotrajno delovanje zaradi hitrega metabolizma in izločanja.
Fentanyl is the only opioid used in horses that is suitable for infusion and skin patch administration.
Fentanil je edini opioid za uporabo pri konjih, ki je primeren za infuzijo in kožne obliže.
Highly effective for pain management.
Zelo učinkovit pri obvladovanju bolečin.
Identification of alternatives: butorphanol, buprenorphine, pethidine and fentanyl.
Alternative: butorfanol, buprenorfin, petidin in fentanil.
Discussion of the specific advantages: full μ-agonist opioid analgesic. μ-receptor activity produces the best analgesia.
Opis posebnih prednosti: Popolni μ-agonistični opioidni analgetik. Delovanje μ-receptorja zagotavlja najboljšo analgezijo.
Used with sedatives for restraint, used for epidural anaesthesia.
Uporablja se pri epiduralni anesteziji, v kombinaciji s sedativi pa za pomirjanje.
Mid duration analgesic.
Analgetik s srednje dolgim delovanjem.
Morphine is the μ-opioid agonist with the best solubility characteristics for epidural administration.
Morfin je μ-agonistični opioid z najboljšo topnostjo za epiduralno uporabo.
It provides long-acting analgesia with few systemic effects by this route.
Zagotavlja dolgotrajno analgezijo z zelo malo sistemskimi učinki pri tej uporabi.
This technique is widely used used in modern veterinary medicine for treating severe perioperative and chronic pain.
Ta tehnika se v sodobni veterini veliko uporablja pri zdravljenju perioperativnih in kroničnih bolečin.
Identification of alternatives: butorphanol, buprenorphine, morphine and fentanyl.
Alternative: butorfanol, buprenorfin, morfin in fetanil.
Discussion of the specific advantages: a μ-agonist opioid analgesic about 10 times less potent than morphine.
Opis posebnih prednosti: μ-agonistični opioidni analgetik, približno 10-krat šibkejši od morfina.
Short-acting opioid that has been proven to be effective to treat spasmodic colic in horses.
Opiod s kratkotrajnim delovanjem, ki je dokazano učinkovitejši pri zdravljenju spazmodične črevesne kolike pri konjih.
Only opioid with spasmolytic properties.
Edini opioid s spazmolitičnimi lastnostmi.
More sedation and less potential for excitement than other opioids in horses.
Omogoča večjo pomiritev in manj možnosti za nemirnost pri konjih kot drugi opiodi.
Muscle relaxants and associated substances
Mišični relaksansi in z njimi povezane snovi
Atracurium
Atrakurij
Purpose: muscle relaxation during anaesthesia.
Namen: sprostitev mišic med anestezijo.
Identification of alternatives: guaifenesin.
Alternative: gvaifenezin.
Discussion of the specific advantages: non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking agent.
Opis posebnih prednosti: Nedepolarizajoča nevromuskularna snov, ki povzroči blokado.
Neuromuscular blocking agents are used in particular for eye and deep abdominal surgery.
Nevromuskularne snovi, ki povzročijo blokado, se uporabljajo zlasti pri operacijah oči in operacijah globoko v trebušni votlini.
Edrophonium is required for reversal.
Edrofonij je potreben za odpravo učinka.
Atracurium and edrophonium have the most extensive clinical support data.
O atrakuriju in edrofoniju je na voljo največ kliničnih podatkov.
Edrophonium
Edrofonij
Purpose: reversal of atracurium muscle relaxation.
Namen: odprava sprostitve mišic, povzročene z atrakurijem.
Identification of alternatives: other cholinesterase inhibitors.
Alternative: drugi inhibitorji holinesteraze.
Discussion of the specific advantages: cholinesterase inhibitor, essential for reversal of neuromuscular blockade.
Opis posebnih prednosti: Inhibitor holinesteraze, bistven za odpravo nevromuskularne blokade.
Edrophonium has least side effects of the cholinesterase inhibitors in horses.
Med inhibitorji holinesteraze ima edrofonij pri konjih najmanj stranskih učinkov.
Guaifenesin
Gvaifenezin
Identification of alternatives: atracurium.
Alternative: atrakurij.
Discussion of the specific advantages: essential alternative to α-2/ketamine regimens in horses where α-2 agents and ketamine are contraindicated such as in horses not responding to these agents or horses having shown adverse effects during a previous administration.
Opis posebnih prednosti: Bistvena alternativa za uporabo α-2/ketamina pri konjih, kadar se pri snoveh α-2 in ketaminu pojavijo kontraindikacije, kot na primer pri konjih, ki se ne odzivajo na te snovi, ali konjih, pri katerih je pri prejšnjih tretmajih prišlo do škodljivih učinkov.
Invaluable in combination with ketamine and α-2 agents for remarkably safe field anaesthesia for which no effective alternative intravenous techniques have been developed.
V kombinaciji s ketaminom in snovmi α-2 neprecenljiv pri anestezijah na terenu, za katere še ni razvita nobena učinkovita alternativna intravenozna tehnika.
Inhalation anaesthetics
Inhalacijski anestetiki
Purpose: inhalation anaesthesia for horses with limb fractures and other orthopaedic injuries and mask induction of anaesthesia in foals.
Namen: inhalacijska anestezija za konje z zlomi udov in drugimi ortopedskimi poškodbami ter indukcija anestezije z masko pri žrebetih.
Identification of alternatives: isoflurane, halothane, enflurane.
Alternative: izofluran, halotan, enfluran.
Discussion of the specific advantages: sevoflurane is a volatile anaesthetic with minor metabolism and fast excretion.
Opis posebnih prednosti: Sevofluran je hitro hlapljiv anestetik s kratko presnovo in hitrim izločanjem.
While there is an MRL for isoflurane in the EU, isoflurane is not suitable for all equine anaesthetic cases due to its recovery characteristics where excitement may lead to the horse breaking a leg.
Ker je za izofluran v EU določena mejna vrednost, ta ni primeren anestetik za vse konje, saj si lahko zaradi nemirnosti med prebujanjem iz anestezije konj zlomi nogo.
Sevoflurane is essential in certain equine surgeries where a smooth recovery is vital, as it has been shown to produce a smoother, more controlled recovery in horses.
Sevofluran je bistven pri nekaterih operacijah konj, kadar je nemoteno okrevanje življenjskega pomena. Pokazalo se je namreč, da zagotavlja bolj nemoteno in nadzorovano okrevanje konj.
It is therefore selected in preference to isoflurane for horses with limb fractures and other orthopaedic injuries.
Zato se za konje z zlomi udov in drugimi ortopedskimi poškodbami uporablja raje ko izofluran.
Furthermore sevoflurane is essential for mask induction of anaesthesia in foals as it is completely non-irritant as opposed to isoflurane, which is irritant and therefore causes coughing and breath holding.
Poleg tega je sevofluran bistven pri indukciji anestezije z masko pri žrebetih, saj jih v nasprotju z izofluranom, ki povzroča kašelj in zadrževanje diha, ne draži.
Local anaesthetics
Lokalni anestetiki
Purpose: local anaesthesia.
Namen: lokalna anestezija.