natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
concentration of the substance in the influent of the test unit (mg substance/litre, determined by specific analysis)
koncentracija snovi v pritoku preskusne enote (mg snovi/liter, določeno s specifično analizo),
concentration of the substance in the effluent of the test unit (mg substance/litre, determined by specific analysis).
koncentracija snovi v iztoku preskusne enote (mg snovi/liter, določeno s specifično analizo).
In some cases when investigating a new substance, reference substances may be useful; however, specific reference substances cannot yet be recommended.
V nekaterih primerih, kadar se preiskujejo nove snovi, so referenčne snovi lahko uporabne; vendar pa še ni mogoče priporočiti specifične referenčne snovi.
For the determination of ultimate biodegradability, two activated sludge pilot units (OECD confirmatory test or porous pot units) are run in parallel.
Za določitev končne biorazgradljivosti potekata vzporedno dve pilotski enoti aktivnega blata (OECD potrditveni preskus ali preskus z enotami poroznih posod).
The test substance is added to the influent (synthetic or domestic sewage) of one of the units, while the other receives the sewage alone.
Preskusna snov se doda pritoku (sintetične ali gospodinjske odplake) ene izmed enot, medtem ko druga prejme samo odplake.
For the determination of primary biodegradation with specific analysis in the influent and effluent, only one unit is used.
Za določitev primarne biorazgradnje s specifično analizo v pritoku in iztoku se uporabi le ena enota.
The DOC (or COD) concentrations are measured in the effluents, or the substance concentrations are determined by specific analysis.
Koncentracije DOC (ali KPK) se merijo v iztokih ali pa se koncentracije snovi določijo s specifično analizo.
The DOC due to test material is not measured but simply stated.
DOC preskusnega materiala se ne meri, ampak se le navede.
When DOC (or COD) measurements are performed, the difference in mean concentrations between the test and the control effluents is assumed to be due to undegraded test material.
Kadar se opravljajo meritve DOC (ali KPK), se smatra, da je razlika v povprečnih koncentracijah med preskusnimi in kontrolnimi iztoki posledica nerazgraj enega preskusnega materiala.
When specific analyses are preformed, change in the concentration of the parent molecule can be measured (primary biodegradation).
Pri izvajanju specifičnih analiz, je mogoče izmeriti spremembo v koncentraciji matične molekule (primarna biorazgradnja).
The units may be operated following the ‘coupled units mode’, by a transinoculation procedure.
Z enotami se lahko upravlja po „sistemu spojenih enot“, s postopkom transinokulacije.
The starting concentration of the substance depends on the type of analysis performed and its limitation.
Začetna koncentracija snovi je odvisna od tipa izvedene analize in njenih omejitev.
A pair of units of the same type are needed except when specific analyses are performed.
Potreben je par enot istega tipa, razen kadar se izvaja specifična analiza.
Two types of device may be used:
Uporabita se lahko dva tipa naprav:
OECD confirmatory test
OECD potrditveni preskus
The equipment (Appendix 1) consists of a storage vessel (A) for synthetic sewage, dosing pump (B), aeration vessel (C), separator (D), air-lift pump (E), to recycle activated sludge, and vessel (F) for collecting the treated effluent.
Oprema (Dodatek 1) vsebuje posodo za shranjevanje (A) sintetičnih odplak, dozirno črpalko (B), prezračevalno posodo(C), usedalnik (D), „air-lift“ črpalko (E) za recikliranje aktivnega blata in posodo (F) za zbiranje tretiranega iztoka.
Vessels (A) and (F) must be of glass or suitable plastic and hold at least 24 litres.
Posodi (A) in (F) morata biti iz stekla ali ustrezne plastike in držati najmanj 24 litrov.
Pump (B) must provide a constant flow of synthetic sewage to the aeration vessel; any suitable system may be used, providing that input flow and concentration are assured.
Črpalka (B) mora omogočati neprekinjen pretok sintetičnih odplak do prezračevalne posode; uporabiti je mogoče kakršen koli ustrezen sistem, pod pogojem, da sta zagotovljena dotok in koncentracija.
During normal operation the height of separator (D) is so fixed that the volume contained in the aeration vessel is three litres of mixed liquor.
Pri normalnem delovanju je višina usedalnika (D) nastavljena tako, da prostornina v prezračevalni posodi za znaša tri litre suspenzije aktivnega blata.
A sintered aeration cube (G) is suspended in vessel (C) at the apex of the cone.
Prezračevalo iz sintranega stekla (G) se potopi v posodo (C) pri vrhu stožca.
The quantity of air blown through the aerator may be monitored by means of a flow meter.
Količina zraka, izpihnjenega skozi prezračevalo, se lahko spremlja s pomočjo merilnika pretoka.
Air-lift pump (E) is set so that the activated sludge from the separator is continually and regulariy recycled to aeration vessel (C).
„Air-lift“ črpalka (E) se postavi tako, da se aktivno blato iz usedalnika neprekinjeno in redno reciklira v prezračevalno (C).
‘Porous pot’
„Porozna posoda“
The porous pot is constructed from sheets of porous polyethylene (2 mm thick, maximum pore size 95 μm), which are made into cylinders 14 cm in diameter with a conical base at 45o (Figures 1 and 2 of Appendix 2).
Porozna posoda je sestavljena iz plošč s poroznega polietilena (debeline 2 mm, največja velikost por 95 µm), ki so oblikovani v cilindre premera 14 cm, s stožčastim dnom 45o (Sliki 1 in 2 Dodatka 2).
The porous pot is contained in an impervious vessel of suitable plastic 15 cm in diameter with an outlet at a height of 17,2 cm on the cylindrical part, which determines the volume (3 litres) in the pot.
Porozna posoda stoji v neprepustni posodi iz ustrezne plastike premera 15 cm z odtokom na višini 17,2 cm na cilindričnem delu, ki določa prostornino (3 litri) v porozni posodi.
There is a rigid supporting ring made of suitable plastic around the top of the inner vessel, so that there is an effluent space of 0,5 cm between the inner and outer vessels.
Vrh notranje posode obdaja togi podporni obroč iz ustrezne plastike, tako da je med notranjo in zunanjo posodo prostor za iztok 0,5 cm.
The porous pots may be mounted in the base of a thermostatically controlled water-bath.
Porozne posode se lahko namestijo na dno vodne kopeli s termostatom.
There is an air supply to the base of the inner vessel on which are placed suitable diffusers.
Do dna notranje posode, na katero so nameščeni ustrezni difuzorji, vodi dovod zraka.
Vessels (A) and (E) must be of glass or suitable plastic and hold at least 24 litres.
Posodi (A) in (E) morata biti iz stekla ali ustrezne plastike in držati najmanj 24 litrov.
Spare inner porous pots are required to replace any which may block in use; blocked pots are cleaned by 24-hour immersion in hypochlorite solution followed by thorough washing in tap water.
Zahtevane so dodatne notranje porozne posode, za zamenjavo tistih, ki bi se lahko med uporabo zamašile; zamašene posode se očistijo tako, da se za 24 ur potopijo v raztopino hipoklorita, čemur sledi temeljito pranje v vodi iz pipe.
Membrane filtration apparatus and membrane filters with a pore size of 0,45 μm.
Naprave za membransko filtracijo in membranski filtri z velikostjo por 0,45 μm.
Membrane filters are suitable if it is assured that they neither release carbon nor adsorb the substance in the filtration step.
Membranski filtri so primerni le, če je zagotovljeno, da med filtriranjem ne izpuščaj o ogljika in ne adsorbirajo snovi.
Sewage
Odplake
Either suitable synthetic feed or domestic sewage may be used.
Uporabi se lahko bodisi ustrezna sintetiče substrate bodisi gospodinjske odplake.
Example of synthetic feed
Primer sintetičnih substratov
Dissolve in each litre of tap water:
Raztopiti v vsakem litru vode iz pipe:
Meat extract:
Mesni ekstrakt:
Urea:
Sečnina:
.2H2O:
CaCl2·2H2O:
.7H2O:
MgSO4·7H2O:
Domestic sewage
Gospodinjske odplake
This should be collected freshly each day from the overflow of the primary settlement tank of a treatment plant treating predominantly domestic sewage.
Te je treba zbirati sveže vsak dan iz zbirališča v primarnem usedalniku čistilne naprave, ki predvsem obdeluje gospodinjske odplake.
Stock solution of test material
Osnovna raztopina preskusnega materiala
A solution of test material, e.g. 1 %, should be prepared for addition to the test unit.
Pripraviti je treba npr. 1 % raztopino preskusnega materiala, da se doda preskusni enoti.
The concentration of the material must be determined, so that the appropriate volume to be added to the sewage or directly to the unit via a second pump to give the required test concentration is known.
Ugotoviti je treba koncentracijo materiala, da se odplakam ali neposredno enoti preko druge črpalke doda ustrezna količina, s čimer se doseže zahtevana preskusna koncentracija.
Remark: when domestic sewage is used, there would be no point in using an inoculum of low bacterial concentration, but activated sludge may be used.
Opomba: Pri uporabi gospodinjskih odplak bi bilo nesmiselno uporabljati inokulum z nizko koncentracijo bakterij, zato se namesto njega lahko uporabi aktivno blato.
A variety of inocula may be used.
Uporabi se lahko različne inokulume.
Three examples of suitable inoculum are given:
Podani so trije primeri ustreznih inokulumov:
Inoculum from secondary effluent
Inokulum iz sekundarnega iztoka
The inoculum should be obtained from a secondary effluent of good quality collected from a treatment plant dealing with predominantly domestic sewage.
Inokulum je treba pridobiti iz sekundarnega iztoka dobre kakovosti, zbranega iz čistilne naprave, ki pretežno obdeluje gospodinjske odplake.
The effluent must be kept under aerobic conditions in the period between sampling and use.
Iztok se mora obdobju med vzorčenjem in uporabo hraniti v aerobnih pogojih.
To prepare the inoculum, the sample is filtered through a coarse filter, the first 200 ml being discarded.
Za pripravo inokuluma se vzorec prefiltrira skozi grob filter, prvih 200 ml se zavrže.
The filtrate is kept aerobic until used.
Filtrat se do uporabe ohranja v aerobnem stanju.
The inoculum must be used on the day of collection.
Inokulum se mora uporabiti na dan, ko je bil zbran.
At least 3 ml are to be used for inoculation.
Za inokulacijo je treba uporabiti najmanj 3 ml inokuluma.
Composite inoculum
Sestavljeni inokulum
Inoculum from secondary effluent:
Inokulum iz sekundarnega iztoka:
See description above.
Glej opis zgoraj.
Inoculum from soil:
Inokulum iz prsti:
100 g of garden soil (fertile, not sterile) are suspended in 1000 ml chlorine-free drinking water.
100 g vrtne prsti (plodne, ne sterilne) se suspendira v 1000 ml pitne vode, ki ne vsebuje klora.
(Soils with an extremely large fraction of clay, sand or humus are unsuitable).
(Prsti z zelo velikim deležem gline, peska ali humusa niso ustrezne.)
After stirring, the suspension is allowed to settle for 30 minutes.
Po mešanju se suspenzija pusti 30 minut, da se usede.
The supernatant is filtered through a coarse filter paper, the first 200 ml being discarded.
Supernatant se prefiltrira skozi grob filtrirni papir, prvih 200 ml se zavrže.
The filtrate is aerated immediately and until use.
Filtrat se prezrači takoj in se ga prezračuje do uporabe.
Inoculum from a surface water:
Inokulum iz površinske vode:
A further partial inoculum is drawn from a mesosaprobic surface water.
Dodatni delni inokulum se pridobi iz mezosaprobne površinske vode.
The sample is filtered through a coarse paper, the first 200 ml being discarded.
Vzorec se prefiltrira skozi grobi papir, prvih 200 ml se zavrže.
The inoculum must be used on the, day of collection.
Inokulum se mora uporabiti na dan, ko je bil zbran.
Equal volumes of the three partial inoculum samples are united, mixed well, and the final inoculum drawn from this mixture.
Enake prostornine treh delnih vzorcev inokuluma se združijo, dobro premešajo, končni inokulum pa se pridobi iz dobljene mešanice.
Inoculum from activated sludge
Inokulum iz aktivega blata
A volume (not more than 3 litres) of activated sludge (suspended solids content of up to 2,5 g/litre) taken from the aeration tank of a plant treating predominantly domestic sewage may be used as an inoculum.
Za inokulum se lahko uporabi prostornina (ne več kot 3 litri) aktivnega blata (vsebnost suspendiranih trdnih snovi do 2,5 g/liter), vzetega iz prezračevalnega bazena čistilne naprave, ki pretežno obdeluje gospodinjske odplake.
The test is performed at room temperature; this should be kept between 18 and 25 oC.
Preskus se opravlja pri sobni temperaturi; ta naj se vzdržuje med 18 in 25 oC.
If it is appropriate, the test may be performed at a lower temperature (down to 10 oC); if the substance is degraded then no further work is normally required.
Če je primerno, se preskus lahko opravi pri nižji temperaturi (do 10 oC); če se snov razgradi, se običajno ne zahtevajo dodatni postopki.
If, however, the substance is not degraded, the test must be conducted at a steady temperature between 18 and 25 oC.
Če pa se snov ne razgradi, je treba preskus opraviti pri stalni temperaturi med 18 in 25 oC.
Running-in period: Sludge formation/stabilisation of the units
Pripravljalno obdobje: Tvorba/stabilizacija blata enot
The sludge growth/stabilisation period is the period during which the concentration of the activated sludge suspended solids and the performance of the units progress to a steady state under the operating conditions used.
Rast blata/obdobje stabilizacije je obdobje, v katerem koncentracija suspendiranih trdnih snovi aktivnega blata in delovanje enot preide v konstantno stanje v uporabljenih pogojih delovanja.
The running-in period is the period which lasts from the time the test substance is first added to the time when its removal reaches a plateau (relatively constant value).
Pripravljalno obdobje je obdobje, ki traja od trenutka, ko se prvič doda preskusna snov, do trenutka, ko njeno odstranjevanje doseže konstanten nivo (relativno konstantna vrednost).
This period must not exceed six weeks.
To obdobje ne sme presegati šestih tednov.
The evaluation period is a three-week period, three weeks from the time that the removal of the test substance reaches a relatively constant, and usually high, value.
Obdobje ocenjevanja je tritedensko obdobje po tem, ko odstranjevanje preskusne snovi doseže relativno konstantno, in ponavadi visoko, vrednost.
For those substances which show little or no degradation in the first six weeks, the evaluation period is taken as the following three weeks.
Za tiste snovi, ki v prvih šestih tednih kažejo nizko razgradljivost ali pa se sploh ne razgrajujejo, se za obdobje ocenjevanja vzamejo naslednji trije tedni.
Initially, fill the unit(s) needed for one test with the inoculum mixed with influent.
Na začetku napolnite enoto(-e), potrebno(-e) za en preskus, z mešanico inokuluma in pritoka.
The aerator (and air lift (E) in the case of the OECD confirmatory test units) and dosing device (B) are then set in operation.
Nato se v delovanje spravi prezračevalo (in „air-lift“ (E) v primeru enot OECD potrditvenega preskusa) ter dozirna naprava.
Influent without substance to be tested must pass through the aeration vessel (C) either at the rate of one litre per hour or a rate of one half litre per hour; this gives a mean retention time of either three or six hours.
Pritok, v katerem ni preskusne snovi, mora iti skozi prezračevalno posodo (C) bodisi v pretoku enega litra na uro ali pol litra na uro; s tem dobimo srednji retencijski čas treh ali šestih ur.
The rate of aeration should be regulated so that the content of vessel (C) is kept constantly in suspension while the dissolved oxygen content is at least 2 mg/litre.
Stopnjo prezračevanja je treba uravnavati, tako da vsebina posode (C) ves čas ostaja v suspenziji, medtem ko je vsebnost raztopljenega kisika najmanj 2 mg/liter.
Foaming must be prevented by appropriate means.
Penjenje je treba preprečiti z ustreznimi sredstvi.
Anti-foaming agents which inhibit the activated sludge must not be used.
Ne smejo se uporabiti sredstva proti penjenju, ki zavirajo aktivno blato.
The sludge which has accumulated around the top of the aeration vessel (C) (and, in the case of the OECD confirmatory test units, in the base of the settling vessel (D), and in the circulation circuit) must be returned to the mixed liquor at least once each day by brushing or some other appropriate means.
Blato, ki se je nakopičilo na vrhu prezračevalne (C) (in, v primeru enot OECD potrditvenega preskusa, na dnu usedalnika (D) in v krožnem toku) se mora s krtačenjem ali na kak drug način vrniti nazaj v suspenzijo aktivnega blata najmanj enkrat na dan.
When sludge fails to settle, its density may be increased by addition of 2 ml portions of a 5 % solution of ferric chloride, repeated as necessary.
Kadar se blato ne usede, se lahko njegovo gostoto poveča z dodatkom 2 ml delov 5 % raztopine železovega klorida, kar se po potrebi ponovi.
The effluent is collected in vessel (E or F) for 20 to 24 hours, and a sample is taken after thorough mixing.
Iztok se zbira v posodi (E ali F) 20 do 24 ur, vzorec pa se vzame po temeljitem mešanju.
Vessel (E or F) must be carefully cleaned.
Posodo (E ali F) je treba temeljito očistiti.
In order to monitor and control the efficiency of the process, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) or the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of the filtrate of the accumulated effluent is measured at least twice weekly, as well as that of the filtered influent (using a membrane of pore size 0,45 μm, the first 20 ml (approximately) of the filtrate are discarded).
Da bi spremljali in nadzorovali učinkovitost procesa, se kemijska potreba po kisiku (KPK) ali raztopljeni organski ogljik (DOC) filtrata nakopičenega izpusta meri najmanj dvakrat tedensko, prav tako tudi KPK in DOC filtriranega pritoka (z uporabo membrane z velikostjo por 0,45 μm, prvih 20 ml (približno) filtrata se zavrže).
The reduction in COD or DOC should level off when a roughly regular daily degradation is obtained.
Upad DOC ali KPK bi se moral stabilizirati, ko se doseže približno stalno dnevno razgradnjo.
The dry matter content of the activated sludge in the aeration tank should be determined twice a week (in g/litre).
Vsebnost suhe snovi aktivnega blata v prezračevalnem bazenu je treba določiti dvakrat tedensko (v g/liter).
The units may be operated in one of two ways: either the content of dry matter in the activated sludge should be determined twice a week, and, if it is more than 2,5 g/litre, the excess activated sludge must be discarded, or 500 ml of mixed liquor is wasted from each pot daily to give a mean sludge retention time of six days.
Enote je mogoče upravljati na dva načina: ali se vsebnost suhe snovi aktivnega blata določa dvakrat tedensko, in če gre za več kot 2,5 g/liter, se mora presežek aktivnega blata zavreči, ali pa se vsak dan odvrže iz vsake posode 500 ml suspenzije aktivnega blata, s čimer dobimo srednji retencijski čas blata šest dni.
When the measured and estimated parameters (efficiency of the process (in COD or DOC removal), sludge, concentration, sludge settleability, turbidity of the effluents, etc.) of the two units are sufficiently steady, the test substance may be introduced in the influent of one of the units, following 1.6.2.2.
Kadar so izmerjeni in ocenjeni parametri (učinkovitost procesa (pri odstranitvi KPK ali DOC), koncentracija blata, usedanje blata, motnost iztokov, itd.) dveh enot dovolj ustaljeni, se lahko preskusna snov daje v pritok ene izmed enot, ob upoštevanju 1.6.2.2.
Alternatively, the test substance may be added at the beginning of the sludge growth period (1.6.2.1), especially when sludge is added as the inoculum.
Preskusna snov pa se lahko doda že na začetku obdobja rasti blata (1.6.2.1), še zlasti kadar se blato doda kot inokulum.
The operating conditions of the running-in period are maintained and sufficient stock solution (approximately 1 %) of the test material is added to the influent of the test unit so that the desired concentration of test material (approximately 10 to 20 mg DOC/litre or40 mg COD/litre) in the sewage is obtained.
Ohranjajo se delovni pogoji pripravljalnega obdobja, zadostna količina osnovne raztopine (približno 1 %) preskusnega materiala pa se doda pritoku preskusne enote, da bi se dobila zaželena koncentracija preskusnega materiala (približno 10 do 20 mg DOC/liter ali 40 mg KPK/liter) v odplakah.
This can be done by mixing the stock solution to the sewage daily or by means of a separate pumping system.
To se lahko naredi z vsakodnevnim vmešanjem osnovne raztopine k odplakam ali s pomočjo ločenega črpalnega sistema.
This concentration may be reached progressively.
Navedena koncentracija se lahko doseže postopoma.
If there are no toxic effects of the test substance on the activated sludge, higher concentrations can also be tested.
Če preskusna snov na aktivnem blatu ne povzroča nobenih strupenih učinkov, je mogoče preskušati višje koncentracije.
The blank unit is fed only with influent without added substances.
Enoti negativne kontrole se doda le pritok brez dodanih snovi.
Adequate volumes of the effluents are taken for analysis and filtered through membrane filters (0,45 μm) the first 20 ml (approximately) of filtrate being discarded.
Ustrezne prostornine iztokov se vzamejo za analizo in prefiltrirajo skozi membranske filtre (0,45 μm), prvih 20 ml (približno) filtrata pa se zavrže.
The filtered samples have to be analysed on the same day, otherwise they must be preserved by any suitable method, for example, by using 0,05 ml of a 1 % mercuric chloride (HgCl2) solution for each 10 ml of filtrate or by storing them at 2 to 4 oC up to 24 hours, or below -18 oC for longer periods.
Prefiltrirane vzorce je treba analizirati še isti dan, sicer se morajo shraniti s pomočjo katere koli ustrezne metode, na primer z uporabo 0,05 ml 1 % raztopine živosrebrovega klorida (HgCl2) za vsakih 10 ml filtrata ali tako, da se jih do 24 ur hrani pri 2 do 4 oC ali za daljše obdobje pod – 18 oC.
The running-in time, with addition of test substance, should not exceed six weeks and the evaluation period should not be shorter than three weeks, i.e. about 14 to 20 determinations should be available for calculation of the final result.
Čas pripravljanja vključno z dodajanjem preskusne snovi ne sme preseči šest tednov, obdobje ocenjevanja pa ne sme biti krajše od treh tednov, za izračun končnega rezultata mora biti na voljo 14 do 20 določitev.
Coupled units mode
Način spojenih enot
The coupling of the units is achieved by interchanging 1,5 litres of mixed liquor (including sludge) from the activated sludge aeration vessels between the two units once a day.
Spajanje enot se doseže z izmenjavanjem 1,5 litra suspenzije aktivnega blata (vključno z blatom) iz prezračevalnih posod aktivnega blata med dvema enotama enkrat dnevno.
In the case of strongly absorbing test materials, 1,5 litres of supernatant liquid only are drawn from the settling vessels and poured into the activated sludge vessel of the other unit.
V primeru močno absorptivnih preskusnih materialov se iz usedalnikov vzame le 1,5 litra supernatantne tekočine in se jo izlije v posodo z aktivnim blatom druge enote.
Two kinds of analyses may be performed in order to follow the behaviour of the substance:
Da bi spremljali obnašanje snovi, je mogoče opraviti dve vrsti analize:
DOC and COD
DOC in KPK
The DOC concentrations are performed in duplicate with the carbon analyser and/or the COD values according to reference (2).
Koncentracije DOC se določijo v dvojniku z analizatorjem ogljika in/ali KPK vrednostmi, v skladu z virom (2).
The concentrations of the tested substance are determined by a suitable analytical method.
Koncentracije preskusne snovi se določijo z ustrezno analitsko metodo.
When possible, specific determination of the substance absorbed on sludge should be performed.
Kadar je to mogoče, se opravi določitev snovi, absorbirane na blatu.
COUPLED UNITS MODE
NAČIN SPOJENIH ENOT
When using ‘coupled units mode’, the daily degrees of removal, DR are calculated according to 1.2.1.
Pri uporabi „načina spojenih enot“ se dnevne stopnje odstranitve (SO) izračunajo v skladu z 1.2.1.