natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The sensitivity of the method is largely determined by the variability of the blank and, to a lesser extent, by the precision of the determination of dissolved organic carbon and the level of test compound in the liquor.
Občutljivost metode se na splošno določi s spremenljivostjo negativne kontrole in, v manjši meri, z natančnostjo s katero je mogoče določiti raztopljen organski ogljik in količino preskusne spojine v raztopini.
Test water: drinking water with an organic carbon content < 5 mg/litre.
Preskusna voda: pitna voda z vsebnostjo organskega ogljika < 5 mg/liter.
The concentration of calcium and magnesium ions together must not exceed 2,7 mmole/litre; otherwise adequate dilution with deionised or distilled water is required.
Skupna koncentracija ionov kalcija in magnezija ne sme presegati 2,7 mmol/liter, sicer je potrebno ustrezno razredčenje z deionizirano ali destilirano vodo.
Sulphuric acid, analytical reagent (A.R.):
Žveplena kislina, analitski reagent (A.R.):
Sodium hydroxide solution A.R.:
Raztopina natrijevega hidroksida A.R.:
Mineral nutrient solution: dissolve in one litre deionised water:
Mineralna hranilna raztopina: raztopiti v enem litru deionizirane vode:
ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, A.R.:
amonijev klorid, NH4Cl, A.R.:
sodium dihydrogenphosphate, NaH2PO4.2H2O, A.R.:
natrijev dihidrogenfosfat, NaH2PO4.2H2O, A.R.:
potassium dihydrogenphosphate, KH2PO4, A.R.:
kalijev dihidrogenfosfat, KH2PO4, A.R.:
di-potassium mono-hydrogenphosphate, K2HPO4, A.R.:
dikalijev monohidrogenfosfat, K2HPO4, A.R.:
The mixture serves both as a nutrient and as buffering system.
Zmes služi kot hranilni in pufrski sistem.
Glass vessels with a volume of one to four litres (e.g. cylindrical vessels).
Steklene posode s prostornino od enega do štirih litrov (npr. cilindrične posode).
Agitator with a glass or metal stirrer on a suitable shaft (the stirrer should rotate about 5 to 10 cm above the bottom of the vessel).
Mešalec s steklenim ali kovinskim mešalom na primerni ročici (mešalec naj rotira približno 5 do 10 cm nad dnom posode).
A magnetic stirrer with a 7 to 10 cm long rod can be used instead.
Namesto tega se lahko uporabi magnetno mešalo s 7 do 10 cm dolgim telesom.
Glass tube of 2 to 4 mm inner diameter to introduce air.
Steklena cev notranjega premera 2 do 4 mm za dotok zraka.
The opening of the tube should be about 1 cm above the bottom of the vessel.
Odprtina cevi naj bo približno 1 cm nad dnom posode.
Centrifuge (about 3550 g).
Centrifuga (približno 3550 g).
pH-meter.
Merilec pH vrednosti.
Dissolved-oxygen meter.
Merilec raztopljenega kisika.
Paper filters.
Papirni filtri.
Membrane filtration apparatus.
Naprave za membransko filtracijo.
Membrane filters, pore size 0,45 μm.
Filtrirne membrane z velikostjo por 0,45 μm.
Membrane filters are suitable if it is assured that they neither release carbon nor absorb the substance in the filtration step.
Membranski filtri so ustrezni, če se zagotovi, da ne prepuščajo ogljika niti absorbirajo snovi med filtracijo.
Analytical equipment for determining organic carbon content and chemical oxygen demand.
Analitska oprema za določanje vsebnosti organskega ogljika in kemijske potrebe po kisiku.
Activated sludge from a biological treatment plant is washed by (repeatedly) centrifuging or settling with test water (above).
Aktivno blato iz biološke čistilne naprave se spere s (ponavljajočim) centrifugiranjem ali usedanjem v preskusni vodi (zgoraj).
The activated sludge must be in an appropriate condition.
Aktivno blato mora biti v ustreznem stanju.
Such sludge is available from a properly working waste-water treatment plant.
Takšno blato je na voljo v primerno delujoči čistilni napravi odpadnih vod.
To get as many different species or strains of bacteria as possible, it may be preferred to mix inocula from different sources (e.g. different treatment plants, soil extracts, river waters, etc.).
Da bi dobili čim več različnih vrst ali sevov bakterij, je priporočljivo zmešati inokulume iz različnih virov (npr. različne čistilne naprave, ekstrakti tal, rečnih vod, itd.).
The mixture is to be treated as described above.
Mešanico je treba tretirati, kot je opisano zgoraj.
For checking the activity of the activated sludge see ‘Functional control’, below.
Za preverjanje aktivnosti aktivnega blata glej točko „Funkcionalni nadzor“ spodaj.
Preparation of the test solutions
Priprava preskusnih raztopin
To the test vessel add 500 ml of test water, 2,5 ml/litre mineral nutrient solution and activated sludge in an amount corresponding to 0,2 to 1,0 g/litre dry matter in the final mixture.
V preskusno posodo dodajte 500 ml preskusne vode, 2,5 ml/liter mineralne hranilne raztopine in aktivno blato v količini, ki ustreza od 0,2 do 1,0 g/liter suhe snovi v končni mešanici.
Add sufficient stock solution of the substance to be tested so that a DOC concentration of 50 to 400 mg/litre results in the final mixture.
Dodajte zadostno količino osnovne raztopine preskusne snovi, da bo v končni mešanici koncentracija DOC od 50 do 400 mg/liter.
The corresponding COD-values are 100 to 1000 mg/litre.
Ustrezne vrednosti KPK so 100 do 1000 mg/liter.
Make up with test water to a total volume of one to four litres.
Dopolnite s preskusno vodo do skupne prostornine od enega do štirih litrov.
The total volume to be chosen is dependent on the number of samples to be taken for DOC or COD determinations and the volumes necessary for the analytical procedure.
Skupna prostornina, ki jo je treba izbrati, je odvisna od števila vzorcev, ki jih je treba vzeti za določitev DOC ali KPK, ter prostornin, potrebnih za analitski postopek.
Normally a volume of two litres can be regarded as satisfactory.
Običajno je zadovoljiva prostornina dveh litrov.
At least one control vessel (blank) is set up to run in parallel with each test series; it contains only activated sludge and mineral nutrient solution made up with test water to the same total volume as in the test vessels.
Sestavi se najmanj ena kontrolna posoda (negativna kontrola), vzporedno z vsako preskusno serijo; ta vsebuje samo aktivno blato in mineralno hranilno raztopino v preskusni vodi enake skupne prostornine kot v preskusnih posodah.
The test vessels are agitated with magnetic stirrers or screw propellers under diffuse illumination or in a dark room at 20 to 25 oC.
Preskusne posode se premešajo z magnetnimi mešali ali propelerji pod razpršeno svetlobo ali v temnem prostoru pri 20 do 25 oC.
Aeration is accomplished by compressed air cleaned by a cotton-wool strainer and a wash bottle if necessary.
Prezračevanje se doseže s stisnjenim zrakom, po potrebi prečiščenim skozi bombažni filter in, če je potrebno steklenico za pranje.
It must be ensured that the sludge does not settle and the oxygen concentration does not fall below 2 mg/litre.
Zagotoviti je treba, da se blato ne usede, in da koncentracija kisika ne pade pod 2 mg/liter.
The pH-value must be checked at regular intervals (e.g. daily) and adjusted to pH 7 to 8, if necessary.
pH vrednost je treba preverjati v rednih časovnih presledkih (npr. vsak dan) in po potrebi prilagoditi na pH 7 do 8.
Losses from evaporation are made up just before each sampling with deionised or distilled water in the required amounts.
Izgube zaradi izhlapevanja se nadomesti tik pred vsakim vzorčenjem z deionizirano ali destilirano vodo v zahtevanih količinah.
A good procedure is to mark the liquid level on the vessel before starting the test.
Dober postopek je označevanje nivoja tekočine na posodi pred začetkom preskusa.
New marks are made after each sampling (without aeration arid stirring).
Nove oznake se naredijo po vsakem vzorčenju (brez zračenja in mešanja).
The first samples are always taken three hours after the start of the test in order to detect adsorption of test material by the activated sludge.
Prvi vzorci se vedno vzamejo tri ure po začetku preskusa, da bi se odkrilo adsorpcijo preskusnega materiala v aktivnem blatu.
The elimination of the test material is followed by DOC or COD determinations made daily or at some other regular interval.
Odstranitvi preskusnega materiala se sledi z določitvami DOC in KPK, ki se jih opravi vsak dan ali v kakšnem drugem rednem časovnem presledku.
The samples from the test vessel and the blank are filtered through a carefully washed paper filter.
Vzorci iz preskusne posode ali negativne kontrole se prefiltrirajo skozi previdno opran papirni filter.
The first 5 ml of test solution filtrate are discarded.
Prvih 5 ml filtrata preskusne snovi se zavrže.
Sludges difficult to filter may be removed previously by centrifugation for 10 minutes.
Blato, ki ga je težko filtrirati, se lahko predhodno odstrani z 10 minutnim centrifugiranjem.
DOC and COD determinations are made at least in duplicate.
Določitve DOC in KPK se opravijo najmanj v dvojniku.
The test is run for up to 28 days.
Preskus poteka do 28 dni.
Note: samples remaining turbid are filtered through membrane filters.
Opomba: Vzorci, ki ostanejo motni, se prefiltrirajo skozi membranske filtre.
The membrane filters must not release or adsorb any organic material.
Membranski filtri ne smejo prepuščati ali adsorbirati nikakršnega organskega materiala.
Functional control of activated sludge
Funkcionalni nadzor aktivnega blata
A vessel containing a known substance should be run in parallel with each test series in order to check the functional capacity of the activated sludge.
Posoda, ki vsebuje znano snov, se uporabi vzporedno z vsako preskusno serijo, da se preveri funkcionalno zmogljivost aktivnega blata.
Diethyleneglycol has been found useful for this purpose.
V ta namen velja za uporabnega dietilenglikol.
If analyses are carried out at relatively short intervals (e.g. daily), adaptation can be clearly recognised from the degradation curve (see Figure 2).
Če se analize opravijo v relativno kratkih časovnih presledkih (npr. vsak dan), je prilagoditev mogoče jasno prepoznati na krivulji razgradnje (glej Sliko 2).
The test should therefore not be started immediately before the weekend.
Preskus naj se zato ne prične tik pred koncem tedna.
If the adaptation occurs in the end of the period, the test can be prolonged until the degradation is finished.
Če do prilagoditve pride ob koncu tega obdobja, je preskus mogoče podaljšati do zaključka razgradnje.
Note: if a broader knowledge of the behaviour of the adapted sludge is needed, the same activated sludge is exposed once again to the same test material in accordance with the following procedure:
Opomba: Če je potrebno širše poznavanje vedenja prilagojenega blata, se isto aktivno blato še enkrat izpostavi istemu preskusnemu materialu v skladu z naslednjim postopkom:
Switch of the agitator and the aerator and allow the activated sludge to settle.
Izklopite mešalo in prezračevalo ter pustite, da se aktivno blato usede.
Draw off the supernatant liquid, fill up to two litres with test water, stir for 15 minutes and allow to settle again.
Odlijte tekočino supernatanta, napolnite do dveh litrov s preskusno vodo, mešajte 15 minut in ponovno pustite, da se usede.
After the supernatant liquid is drawn off again, use the remaining sludge to repeat the test with the same material in accordance with 1.6.1.4 and 1.6.2, above.
Ko ponovno odlijete tekočino supernatanta, uporabite preostalo blato za ponovitev preskusa z enakim materialom v skladu z 1.6.1.4 in 1.6.2 zgoraj.
The activated sludge can also be isolated by centrifuging instead of settling.
Aktivno blato je namesto s usedanjem mogoče izolirati tudi s centrifugiranjem.
The adapted sludge may be mixed with fresh sludge to a concentration of 0,2 to 1 g dry weight/litre.
Prilagojeno blato se lahko zmeša s svežim do koncentracije 0,2 do 1 g suhe teže/liter.
Analytical means
Analitska sredstva
Normally samples are filtered through a carefully washed paper filter (for washing use deionised water).
Vzorci se običajno filtrirajo skozi previdno opran papirni filter (za pranje uporabite deionizirano vodo).
Samples which remain turbid are filtered through membrane filters (0,45 μm).
Vzorci, ki ostanejo motni, se filtrirajo skozi membranske filtre (0,45 μm).
The DOC concentration is determined in duplicate in the sample filtrates (the first 5 ml are discarded) by means of the TOC instrument.
Koncentracija DOC se določi v dvojniku v filtratih vzorcev (prvih 5 ml se zavrže) s pomočjo instrumenta za določanje TOC.
If the filtrate cannot be analysed on the same day, it must be stored in the refrigerator until the next day.
Če filtrata ni mogoče analizirati še isti dan, se ga mora do naslednjega dne shraniti v hladilniku.
Longer storage cannot be recommended.
Daljše shranjevanje ni priporočljivo.
The COD concentration: is determined in the sample filtrates with a COD analytical set-up by the procedure described in reference (2) below.
Koncentracijo KPK se določi v filtratih vzorcev z analitskim postopkom, opisanim v viru (2) spodaj.
DOC and/or COD concentrations are determined at least in duplicate in the samples according to 1.6.2 above.
Koncentracije DOC in/ali KPK se določijo najmanj v dvojniku na vzorcih, v skladu s 1.6.2 zgoraj.
The degradation at time T is calculated according to the formula (with definitions) given unter 1.2 above.
Razgradnja v času T se izračuna v skladu s formulo (z opredelitvami pojmov), podano v točki 1.2 zgoraj.
The amount of degradation attained at the end of the test is reported as the ‘Biodegradability in the Zahn-Wellens test’.
Obseg razgradnje, dosežene na koncu preskusa, se opiše kot „Biorazgradljivost v Zahn-Wellensovem preskusu“.
Note: if complete degradation is attained before the test time is over and this result is confirmed by a second analysis on the next day, the test can be concluded.
Opomba: Če je do popolne razgradnje prišlo pred zaključkom preskusa in je ta rezultat potrjen z drugo analizo, opravljeno naslednji dan, se preskus lahko zaključi.
the initial concentration of the substance,
začetna koncentracija snovi,
all other information and the experimental results concerning the tested substance, the reference substance if used, and the blank,
vsi drugi podatki in rezultati preskusa v zvezi s preskusno snovjo, referenčno snovjo, če je uporabljena, in negativno kontrola,
the concentration after three hours,
koncentracija po treh urah,
biodegradation: curve with description,
krivulja biorazgradnje z opisom,
date and location where test organisms were sampled, status of adaptation, concentration used, etc.,
datum in mesto vzorčenja preskusnih organizmov, status prilagoditve, uporabljena koncentracija, itd.,
scientific reasons for any changes of test procedure.
znanstveni razlogi za vsako spremembo preskusnega postopka.
Removal of DOC (COD) which takes place gradually over days or weeks indicates that the test substance is being biodegraded.
Odstranitev DOC (KPK), ki poteka postopoma nekaj dni ali tednov, pomeni, da se preskusna snov biološko razgrajuje.
However, physico-chemical adsorption can, in some cases, play a role and this is indicated when there is complete or partial removal from the outset, within the first three hours, and the difference between control and test supernatant liquors remains at an unexpectedly low level.
Svojo vlogo pa lahko v nekaterih primerih odigra tudi fizikalno-kemijska adsorpcija, to pa se pokaže, kadar gre za celotno ali delno odstranitev na samem začetku, v prvih treh urah, razlika med kontrolo in preskusnimi supernatantnimi raztopinami pa ostaja na nepričakovano nizki ravni.
Further tests are necessary if a distinction is to be drawn between biodegradation (or partial biodegradation) and adsorption.
Za razlikovanje med biološko razgrajenostjo (ali delno biološko razgrajenostjo) in adsorpcijo je treba opraviti dodatne preskuse,
This can be done in a number of ways, but the most convincing is to use the supernatant or sludge as inoculum in a base-set test (preferably a respirometric test).
To je mogoče opraviti na številne načine, najprepričljivejša pa je uporaba supernatanta ali blata kot inokuluma v preskusu osnovne zbirke (po možnosti respirometrični preskus).
Test substances giving high, non-adsorptive removal of DOC (COD) in this test should be regarded as potentially biodegradable.
Preskusne snovi, ki v tem preskusu dajo visoko, neadsorptivno odstranitev DOC (KPK) je treba šteti za potencialno biorazgradljive.
Partial, non-adsorptive removal indicates that the chemical is at least subject to some biodegradation.
Delna, neadsorptivna odstranitev pomeni, da je kemikalija le izpostavljena nekakšni biorazgradnji.
Low, or zero removals of DOC (COD) may be due to inhibition of microorganisms by the test substance and this may also be revealed by lysis and loss of sludge, giving turbid supernatants.
Nizka ali nična odstranitev DOC (KPK) lahko pomeni, da preskusna snov zavira mikroorganizme, to pa je mogoče ugotoviti tudi z lizo in izgubo blata, kar povzroča motne supernatante.
The test should be repeated using a lower concentration of test substance.
Preskus je treba ponoviti z uporabo nižje koncentracije preskusne snovi.
The use of a compound-specific analytical method or of 14C-labelled test substance may allow greater sensitivity.
Uporaba za spojino značilne analitske metode ali preskusne snovi s 14C označeno preskusno snovjo lahko omogoči večjo občutljivost.
In the case of 14C test compound, the recovery of the 14CO2 will confirm that biodegradation has occurred.
V primeru 14C preskusne spojine bo predelava 14CO2 potrdila, da je prišlo do biorazgradnje.
When results are given in terms of primary biodegradation, an explanation should, if possible, be given on the chemical structure change that leads to the loss of response of the parent test substance.
Kadar so rezultati podani za primarno biorazgradnjo, je treba, če je mogoče, razložiti spremembo kemijske strukture, ki povzroča zmanjšanje odziva matične preskusne snovi.
The validation of the analytical method must be given together with the response found on the blank test medium.
Validacija analitske metode mora biti podana skupaj z odzivom, odkritim na preskusnem gojišču negativne kontrole.
OECD, Paris, 1981, Test Guideline 302 B, Decision of the Council C(81) 30 final.
OECD, Pariz, 1981, Test Guideline 302 B, Decision of the Council C(81) 30 final.
Annex V C.9 Degradation: Chemical Oxygen Demand, Commission Directive 84/449/EEC, (OJ L 251,19.9.1984, p. 1).
Annex V C.9 Degradation: Chemical Oxygen Demand, Commission Directive 84/449/EEC (OJ L 251, 19.9.1984, str. 1).
EVALUATION EXAMPLE
PRIMER OCENE
Organic compound:
Organska spojina:
4-Ethoxybenzoic acid
4-etoksibenzenska kislina
Theoretical test concentration:
Teoretična preskusna koncentracija:
Theoretical DOC:
Teoretični DOC:
Sewage treatment plant of…
čistilna naprava odplak
1 gram dry material/litre
1 gram suhega materiala/liter
Adaptation status:
Status prilagoditve:
not adapted
neprilagojen
DOC-determination
določitev DOC
Amount of sample:
Količina vzorca:
Control substance:
Kontrolna snov:
Diethyleneglycol
dietilenglikol
Toxicity of compound:
Strupenost spojine:
No toxic effects below 1000 mg/l
ni strupenih učinkov pod 1000 mg/l
Test used: fermentation tubes test
uporabljen preskus: preskus s fermentacijskimi cevmi
Test time
Trajanje preskusa
Control substance
Kontrolna snov
Blank
Slepi vzorec
DOC net
KPK neto
Degradation
Razgradnja
2 days
2 dneva
5 days
5 dni
6 days
6 dni
7 days
7 dni
8 days
8 dni
9 days
9 dni
Examples of biodegradation curves
Primeri krivulj biorazgradnje
Degradation (%)
Razgradnja (%)
Aliphatic amine
Alifatski amin
Glycolether
Glikoleter
Examples of sludge adaptation
Primeri prilagoditve blata
Substance:
Snovi:
Polyvinylalcohol
polivinilalkohol
adapted
prilagojen
non adapted
neprilagojen
adaptation phase
faza prilagoditve
degradation phase
faza razgradnje
endpoint
končna točka
Mean values of triplicate determinations.
Srednje vrednosti treh določitev.
ACTIVATED SLUDGE SIMULATION TESTS
SIMULACIJSKI PRESKUSI Z AKTIVNIM BLATOM
The method is applicable only to those organic substances which, at the concentration used in the test:
Ta metoda se uporablja le za tiste organske snovi, ki pri koncentraciji, uporabljeni v preskusu:
are soluble in water to the extent necessary for the preparation of the test solutions,
so topne v vodi v obsegu, potrebnem za pripravo preskusne raztopine,
are not inhibitory to bacteria.
ne zavirajo bakterij.
Information on the toxicity of the substance to micro-organisms is desirable for the interpretation of the low results and in the selection of appropriate test concentrations.
Podatki o strupenosti snovi za mikroorganizme so zaželeni za razlago nizkih rezultatov in za izbiro ustreznih preskusnih koncentracij.
Determination of ultimate biodegradability (DOC/COD analysis)
Določitev končne biorazgradljivosti (analiza DOC/KPK)
The purpose of the method is to determine the ultimate biodegradability by the measurement of the removal of the substance and any metabolites in an activated sludge plant model at a concentration corresponding to > 12 mg DOC/litre (or approximately 40 mg COD/litre); 20 mg DOC/litre seem to be optimal.
Namen te metode je določitev končne biorazgradljivosti z merjenjem odstranitve snovi in vseh metabolitov iz modela čistilne naprave z aktivnim blatom pri koncentraciji, ki ustreza > 12 mg DOC/liter (ali približno 40 mg KPK/liter); za optimalno velja 20 mg DOC/liter.
(DOC = dissolved organic carbon; COD = chemical oxygen demand).
(DOC = raztopljeni organski ogljik; KPK = kemijska potreba po kisiku).
The organic carbon content (or the chemical oxygen demand) of the test material must be established.
Ugotoviti je treba vsebnost organskega ogljika (ali kemijske potrebe po kisiku) v preskusnem materialu.
Determination of primary biodegradability (specific analysis)
Določitev primarne biorazgradljivosti (specifična analiza)
The purpose of the method is the determination of the primary biodegradability of a substance in an activated sludge plant model, at a concentration of about 20 mg/litre, using a specific analytical method (lower or higher concentration can be used if analytical method and consideration of toxicity permits).
Namen te metode je določitev primarne biorazgradljivosti snovi v modelu čistilne naprave z aktivnim blatom pri koncentraciji približno 20 mg/liter z uporabospecifične analitske metode (če analitska metoda in upoštevanje strupenosti tako dovoljujeta, je mogoče uporabiti nižje ali višje koncentracije).
This allows the assessment of the primary biodegradability of the substance (disappearance of the parent chemical structure).
S tem je omogočena ocena primarne biorazgradljivosti snovi (izginotje matične kemijske strukture).
The purpose of this method is not the determination of the mineralisation of the tested substance.
Namen te metode ni določitev mineralizacije preskusne snovi.
An adequate analytical method for the determination of the tested substance must be available.
Na voljo mora biti ustrezna analitska metoda za določitev preskusne snovi.
DOC/COD analysis
Analiza DOC/KPK
The degree of removal of the substance is given by:
Stopnja odstranitve snovi se poda z:
DR degree of removal in percent DOC (or COD) within the given mean retention time with respect to the test material
DR stopnja odstranitve DOC (ali KPK) v odstotkih znotraj danega srednjega retencij skega časa glede na preskusni material,
T concentration of the test material in the influent in mg DOC/litre (or mg COD/litre)
T koncentracija preskusnega materiala v pritoku v mg DOC/liter (ali mg KPK/liter),
E DOC (or COD) concentration in the effluent of the test unit in mg DOC/litre (or mg COD/litre)
E koncentracija DOC (ali KPK) v iztoku preskusne enote v mg DOC/liter (ali mg KPK/liter),
DOC (or COD) concentration in the effluent of the blank unit in mg DOC/litre (or mg COD/litre).
koncentracija DOC (ali KPK) v iztoku negativne kontrole v mg DOC/liter (ali mg KPK/liter).
The degradation is stated as the percentage DOC (or COD) removal within the given retention time with respect to the test material.
Razgradnja se navede kot odstotek odstranitve DOC (ali KPK) v danem retencijskem času glede na preskusni material.
Specific analysis
Specifična analiza
The percentage elimination of the tested substance from the aqueous phase (Rw) within the given mean retention time is given by:
Odstotek odstranitve preskusne snovi iz vodne faze (Rw) v danem srednjem retencijskem času se poda z: