natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The housing and enrichment strategies used in breeding, supplying and user establishments should be designed to fulfil the needs of the species housed and to ensure that the animals can make the best use of the space available.
Namestitev in strategije za obogatitev, ki se uporabljajo v rejnih in dobavnih enotah ter enotah za uporabnike, morajo zadovoljevati potrebe nameščenih vrst ter zagotavljati, da lahko živali čim bolj izkoristijo razpoložljivi prostor.
Their design should also take into account the need to observe the animals with minimum disruption and to facilitate handling.
Upoštevati morajo tudi potrebo po čim bolj nemotenem opazovanju živali in olajševanju njihove oskrbe.
Suggested minimum animal enclosure sizes and space allowances are included in the subsequent individual species sections.
Predlagane najmanjše velikosti ograjenih prostorov za živali in prostorske zmogljivosti vsebujejo oddelki za posamezne vrste v nadaljevanju.
Unless otherwise specified, additional surface areas provided by enclosure additions, such as shelves, should be provided in addition to the recommended minimum floor areas.
Če ni drugače določeno, se poleg priporočenih najmanjših talnih površin zagotovijo dodatne površine, ki se pridobijo s povečanjem ograjenih prostorov, npr. s policami.
Housing
Namestitev
Animals, except those which are naturally solitary, should be socially housed in stable groups of compatible individuals.
Živali, razen tistih, ki naravno živijo same, je treba namestiti z drugimi živalmi v stalne skupine združljivih posameznih živali.
Single housing should only occur if there is justification on veterinary or welfare grounds.
Posamezna namestitev je upravičena le zaradi veterinarskega stališča ali zaradi dobrega počutja.
Single housing on experimental grounds should be determined in consultation with the animal technician and with the competent person charged with advisory duties in relation to the well-being of the animals.
Posamezna namestitev zaradi poskusov se mora izvesti po posvetovanju z zootehniki in pristojno osebo, odgovorno za svetovanje v zvezi z dobrim počutjem živali.
In such circumstances, additional resources should be targeted to the welfare and care of these animals.
V takih okoliščinah morajo biti dodatna sredstva namenjena dobremu počutju in oskrbi teh živali.
In such cases, the duration should be limited to the minimum period necessary and, where possible, visual, auditory, olfactory and tactile contact should be maintained.
V takih primerih mora biti trajanje namestitve omejeno na najkrajše potrebno obdobje, kjer je to mogoče, pa je treba živalim zagotoviti, da lahko druga drugo vidijo, slišijo, vohajo in se med seboj dotikajo.
The introduction or re-introduction of animals to established groups should be carefully monitored by adequately trained staff, to avoid problems of incompatibility and disrupted social relationships.
Novo namestitev in ponovno namestitev živali v oblikovane skupine mora pazljivo spremljati ustrezno usposobljeno osebje, da se preprečijo težave z nezdružljivostjo in motenimi družbenimi razmerji.
The possibility of social housing should be promoted by purchasing compatible individuals when procuring animals of gregarious species.
Možnost namestitve z drugimi živalmi je treba spodbujati s pridobivanjem združljivih posameznih živali pri nakupu črednih živali.
All animals should be provided with sufficient space of adequate complexity to allow expression of a wide range of normal behaviour.
Vsem živalim je treba zagotoviti ustrezno velik prostor, ki jim omogoča izražanje običajnih različnih vedenjskih vzorcev.
They should be given a degree of control and choice over their environment to reduce stress-induced behaviour.
Zagotoviti jim je treba določen nadzor nad okoljem in izbiro ter tako zmanjšati moteno vedenje, ki ga povzroča stres.
This may be achieved by using appropriate enrichment techniques, which extend the range of activities available to the animal and increase their coping activities.
To je mogoče doseči z ustreznimi tehnikami obogatitve, ki živalim omogočajo veliko dejavnosti in izboljšajo njihove sposobnosti.
In addition to social activities, enrichment can be achieved by allowing and promoting physical exercise, foraging, manipulative and cognitive activities, as appropriate to the species.
Razen družbenih dejavnosti se lahko obogatitev doseže z omogočanjem in spodbujanjem gibanja, iskanja hrane ter manipulacijskih in kognitivnih dejavnosti, ki so primerne za vrsto.
It is advisable to allow the animals to exercise at every possible opportunity.
Priporočljivo, je da se živalim gibanje omogoči ob vsaki priložnosti.
Environmental enrichment in animal enclosures should be appropriate to the species-specific and individual needs of the animals concerned.
Obogatitev okolja v ograjenih prostorih za živali mora ustrezati potrebam posameznih zadevnih vrst in živali.
Forms of enrichment should be adaptable so that innovation based on new understanding may be incorporated.
Oblike obogatitve morajo biti prilagodljive, da lahko vključujejo inovacije na podlagi novih spoznanj.
The enrichment programme should be regularly reviewed and updated.
Program obogatitve je treba redno pregledovati in posodabljati.
The staff responsible for animal care should understand the natural behaviour and biology of the species, so that they can make sensible and informed choices on enrichment.
Osebje, pristojno za oskrbo živali, mora poznati naravno vedenje in biologijo vrste, da lahko sprejema smiselne in ozaveščene odločitve v zvezi z obogatitvijo.
They should be aware that all enrichment initiatives are not necessarily to the advantage of the animal and therefore should monitor their effects and adjust the programme as required.
Vedeti morajo, da vse pobude za obogatitev ne koristijo živali, zato morajo spremljati njihove učinke in po potrebi prilagoditi program.
Animal enclosures
Ograjeni prostori za živali
Animal enclosures should not be made out of materials detrimental to the health of the animals.
Ograjeni prostori za živali ne smejo biti zgrajeni iz materialov, ki škodijo zdravju živali.
In particular, attention should be given to the design of animal enclosure floors, which should be appropriate to the species and age of the animals and be designed to facilitate the removal of excreta.
Posebno pozornost je treba nameniti zasnovi tal v ograjenih prostorih za živali, ki mora ustrezati vrsti in starosti živali ter omogočati odstranjevanje izločkov.
The form, content and presentation of the diet should meet the nutritional and behavioural needs of the animal.
Pri izbiri vrste, vsebine ter razdeljevanja krme je treba upoštevati prehrambene in vedenjske potrebe živali.
For some species, the opportunity for foraging should be given.
Nekaterim vrstam je treba zagotoviti možnost iskanja hrane.
Roughage is an important component of the diet for some species of animals, as well as a means of satisfying some behavioural needs.
Vlaknine so pomemben sestavni del prehrane nekaterih vrst živali in jim omogočajo zadovoljevanje nekaterih vedenjskih potreb.
The animals' diet should be palatable and non-contaminated.
Živalska krma mora biti okusna in nekontaminirana.
In the selection of raw materials, production, preparation and presentation of feed, precautions should be taken to minimise chemical, physical and microbiological contamination.
Pri izbiri sestavin, pridelavi, pripravi in razdeljevanju krme je treba upoštevati varnostne ukrepe, ki zmanjšujejo kemično, fizikalno in mikrobiološko kontaminacijo.
The feed should be packed in bags that provide clear information on the identity of the product and its date of production.
Krma mora biti pakirana v vrečah, na katerih so vidne informacije o poreklu proizvoda in datumu proizvodnje.
An expiry date should be clearly defined by the manufacturer and adhered to.
Datum poteka veljavnosti mora jasno določiti proizvajalec in ga je treba strogo upoštevati.
Packing, transport and storage should also be such as to avoid contamination, deterioration or destruction.
Poleg tega morajo biti pakiranje, prevoz in skladiščenje izvedeni tako, da se prepreči kontaminacija, kvarjenje ali uničenje.
Storerooms should be cool, dark, dry and vermin- and insect-proof.
Skladišča morajo biti hladna, temna in suha ter nepropustna za škodljivce in insekte.
Perishable feed like greens, vegetables, fruit, meat, fish should be stored in cold rooms, refrigerators or freezers.
Hitro pokvarljivo svežo hrano za živali, kot so zelena krma, zelenjava, sadje, meso in ribe, je treba shraniti v hladnih prostorih, hladilnikih ali zamrzovalnikih.
All feed hoppers, troughs or other utensils used for feeding should be regularly cleaned and, if necessary, sterilised.
Vse naprave za odmerjanje hrane, korita ali druge pripomočke, ki se uporabljajo za hranjenje, je treba redno čistiti in po potrebi sterilizirati.
If moist feed is used, or if the feed is easily contaminated with for example water or urine, daily cleaning is necessary.
Če se uporablja vlažna krma ali se krma zlahka kontaminira z npr. vodo ali urinom, je nujno vsakodnevno čiščenje.
Each animal should be able to access the food, with sufficient feeding space provided to limit competition.
Vsaka žival mora imeti dostop do krme, zagotoviti pa je treba tudi dovolj velik prostor za hranjenje, ki omejuje tekmovalnost.
In some circumstances, food intake may need to be controlled to avoid obesity.
V nekaterih primerih je treba vnos hrane nadzorovati, da se prepreči debelost živali.
Uncontaminated drinking water should always be available to all animals.
Vsem živalim mora biti vedno na voljo nekontaminirana pitna voda.
Water is, however, a vehicle for micro-organisms, and the supply should therefore be so arranged that the contamination risk is minimised.
Vseeno se z vodo prenašajo mikroorganizmi, zato mora biti oskrba urejena tako, da je tveganje kontaminacije čim manjše.
Watering systems should be designed and used to provide an adequate quantity of water of suitable quality.
Sisteme dovajanja vode je treba urediti in uporabljati tako, da zagotavljajo primerno količino vode ustrezne kakovosti.
Sufficient watering points (drinkers) should be available.
Na voljo mora biti dovolj napajalnikov (nastavkov za napajanje).
When automatic watering systems are used, their functioning should be regularly checked, serviced and flushed to avoid accidents, such as blockages or leakages and the spread of infections.
Če se uporabljajo sistemi samodejnega dovajanja vode, jih je treba redno preverjati, servisirati in izpirati, da se preprečijo nezgode, kot so zamašitev ali izpuščanje, kapljanje in širjenje okužb.
If solid-bottomed cages are used, care should be taken to minimise the risk of flooding.
Če se uporabljajo kletke s trdnim dnom, je treba poskrbeti za čim manjše tveganje poplav.
In fishes, amphibians and reptiles, tolerance for acidity, chlorine and many other chemicals differs widely from species to species.
Pri ribah, dvoživkah in plazilcih se toleranca na kislost, klor in mnoge druge kemikalije med vrstami zelo razlikuje.
Therefore provision should be made to adapt the water supply for aquaria and tanks to the needs and tolerance limits of the individual species.
Zato je treba poskrbeti za prilagoditev oskrbe z vodo za akvarije in bazene glede na potrebe in tolerančne meje posameznih vrst.
Appropriate bedding materials or sleeping structures should always be provided for animals, as well as appropriate nesting materials or structures for breeding animals.
Živalim je treba vedno zagotoviti ustrezne materiale za ležišča ali strukture za spanje ter ustrezne materiale za gnezda ali strukture za parjenje živali.
Various materials are commonly placed into the animal enclosure to serve the following functions: to absorb urine and faeces, and thus facilitate cleaning; to allow the animal to perform certain species-specific behaviour, such as foraging, digging or burrowing; to provide a comfortable, yielding surface or secure area for sleeping; to allow the animal to build a nest for breeding purposes.
V ograjen prostor za živali se običajno namestijo različni materiali, ki: vpijajo urin in iztrebke ter tako olajšujejo čiščenje; živali omogočajo izvajanje dejavnosti, značilne za posamezne vrste, kot so iskanje hrane, kopanje ali vkopavanje; zagotavljajo udobno, mehko površino ali varen prostor za spanje; omogočajo živali, da si naredi gnezdo za mladiče.
Certain materials may not serve all of these needs, and it is therefore important to provide sufficient and appropriate materials.
Nekateri materiali ne ustrezajo vsem tem potrebam, zato je pomembno, da se zagotovijo zadovoljivi in ustrezni materiali.
Any such materials should be dry, absorbent, dust-free, non-toxic and free from infectious agents or vermin and other forms of contamination.
Taki materiali morajo biti suhi, vpojni, brez prahu, nestrupeni in neokuženi ali brez škodljivcev ali ne smejo biti kako drugače kontaminirani.
Materials derived from wood that has been chemically treated or containing toxic natural substances as well as products which cannot be clearly defined and standardised should be avoided.
Izogibati se je treba uporabi materialov iz kemično obdelanega lesa ali lesa, ki vsebuje naravne strupene snovi, ter proizvodom, ki jih ni mogoče jasno opredeliti in standardizirati.
Within the animal enclosure, the flooring should provide a solid, comfortable resting area for all animals.
Tla v ograjenem prostoru za živali morajo vsem živalim zagotavljati trden in udoben prostor za počitek.
All sleeping areas should be kept clean and dry.
Vsi prostori za spanje morajo biti čisti in suhi.
The standard of a facility, including good husbandry, depends very much on good hygiene.
Standard objekta, vključno z dobro vzrejo, je zelo odvisen od visoke stopnje higiene.
A very high standard of cleanliness and order should also be maintained in holding, washing and storage rooms.
Tudi v nastanitvenih prostorih, prostorih za pranje in skladiščenje je treba vzdrževati zelo visok standard čistoče in reda.
Adequate routines for the cleaning, washing, decontamination and, when necessary, sterilisation of enclosures and accessories, bottles and other equipment should be established and carried out.
Določiti in izvajati je treba ustrezne postopke čiščenja, pranja, dekontaminacije in po potrebi sterilizacije ograjenih prostorov in dodatkov, steklenic ter druge opreme.
These cleaning and disinfection regimes should not be detrimental to animal health or welfare.
Ti postopki čiščenja in dezinfekcije ne smejo ogrožati zdravja ali dobrega počutja živali.
Clear operating procedures, including a recording system, should be in place for the changing of bedding in animal enclosures.
Za menjavo stelje v ograjenih prostorih za živali je treba določiti jasne delovne postopke, vključno s sistemom zapisovanja.
There should be regular cleaning and, where appropriate, renewal of the materials forming the ground surface in animal enclosures to avoid them becoming a source of infection and parasite infestation.
Čiščenje mora biti redno, po potrebi pa je treba zamenjati materiale na površini tal v ograjenih prostorih za živali, da ne postanejo vir infekcij in okužb s paraziti.
Odour-marking is an important form of behaviour in some species, and cleaning disturbances will cause some degree of social disruption.
Označevanje z vonjem je pomemben del vedenja nekaterih vrst, zato bo čiščenje povzročilo določeno družbeno motnjo.
Cleaning regimes should have regard for these behavioural needs.
Pri postopkih čiščenja je treba upoštevati te vedenjske potrebe.
Decisions on frequency of cleaning should be based on the type of animal enclosure, the type of animal, the stocking density, and the ability of the ventilation system to maintain suitable air quality.
Pogostost čiščenja mora biti odvisna od vrste ograjenega prostora za živali, vrste živali, gostote naseljenosti ter zmožnosti prezračevalnega sistema, da vzdržuje ustrezno kakovost zraka.
The quality of care animals are given in the laboratory may influence not only breeding success, growth rate and welfare, but also the quality and outcome of experimental procedures.
Kakovost oskrbe živali v laboratoriju lahko vpliva na uspeh razmnoževanja, hitrost rasti in dobro počutje ter na kakovost in rezultat poskusnih postopkov.
Accustoming animals to competent and confident handling during routine husbandry and procedures reduces stress both to animals and personnel.
Navajanje živali na ustrezno in zaupljivo ravnanje z njimi med rutinsko vzrejo in postopki zmanjšuje stres za živali in osebje.
For some species, for example dogs and non-human primates, a training programme to encourage cooperation during procedures can be beneficial to the animals, the animal care staff and the scientific programme.
Pri nekaterih vrstah, npr. psih in primatih, razen človeka, je lahko program urjenja za spodbujanje sodelovanja med postopki koristen za živali, osebje, pristojno za oskrbo živali, in znanstveni program.
For certain species, social contact with humans should be a priority.
Za nekatere vrste je družaben stik z ljudmi nujen.
However, in some cases, handling should be avoided.
Vendar se je treba v nekaterih primerih izogibati oskrbi.
This may be particularly the case with wild animals, and is one reason why wild animals can be less suitable as experimental subjects.
To zlasti velja za divje živali, saj so manj primerne za poskusne subjekte.
Staff caring for animals are expected, at all times, to have a caring and respectful attitude towards the animals in their care, and to be proficient in the handling and restraint of the animals.
Osebje, ki skrbi za živali, mora imeti pri oskrbi vedno skrben in spoštljiv odnos do živali ter mora biti usposobljeno za ravnanje z živalmi in njihovo obvladovanje.
Where appropriate, staff time should be set aside for talking to, handling, training and grooming animals.
Po potrebi je treba določiti čas za govorjenje in ravnanje z živalmi ter njihovo urjenje in nego.
All humane methods of killing animals require expertise, which can only be attained by appropriate training.
Vse humane metode ubijanja živali zahtevajo strokovno znanje in izkušnje, ki se lahko pridobijo le z ustreznim usposabljanjem.
Animals should be killed using a method that adheres to the principles set by the European Commission Recommendations for the euthanasia of experimental animals (Part 1 and Part 2).
Pri ubijanju živali je treba uporabljati metodo, ki upošteva načela iz priporočil Evropske komisije o evtanaziji poskusnih živali (del 1 in del 2).
A deeply unconscious animal can be exsanguinated, but drugs which paralyse muscles before unconsciousness occurs, drugs with curariform effects and electrocution without passage of current through the brain, should not be used without prior anaesthesia.
Žival v globoki nezavesti se lahko eksangvinira, zdravila, ki paralizirajo mišice pred nastopom nezavesti, zdravila s kurariformnimi učinki in ubitje z električnim tokom, pri katerem tok ne steče skozi možgane, pa se ne smejo uporabljati brez predhodne anestezije.
Disposal should not be allowed until death has been confirmed.
Odstranitev trupla ni dovoljena, dokler smrt ni potrjena.
Records of source, use and final disposal of all animals bred, kept for breeding, or for subsequent supply for use in scientific procedures should be used not only for statistical purposes but, in conjunction with health and breeding records, as indicators of animal welfare and for husbandry and planning purposes.
Evidence o poreklu, uporabi in končni odstranitvi vseh živali, namenjenih za vzrejo ali za prihodnjo uporabo v znanstvenih postopkih, se ne smejo uporabljati le za statistične namene, ampak tudi kot kazalniki dobrega počutja živali ter za namene vzreje in načrtovanja v povezavi z evidencami o zdravju in vzreji.
In some instances, it is necessary for animals to be individually identified, for example, when being used for breeding purposes or scientific procedures, to enable accurate records to be kept.
V nekaterih primerih je treba živali posamezno označiti, če se na primer uporabljajo za vzrejo ali znanstvene postopke, da se zagotovi pravilno vodenje evidence.
The method chosen should be reliable and cause the minimum pain and discomfort to the animal when applied and in the long-term.
Izbrana metoda mora biti ob uporabi in dolgoročno zanesljiva ter živalim povzročati čim manjšo bolečino in neugodje.
Sedatives or local anaesthetics and analgesics should be used if necessary.
Po potrebi se morajo uporabiti pomirjevala ali lokalni anestetiki in analgetiki.
Staff should be trained in carrying out the identification and marking techniques.
Osebje mora biti usposobljeno za izvajanje tehnik identifikacije in označevanja.
SPECIES-SPECIFIC GUIDELINES FOR RODENTS
SMERNICE ZA GLODAVCE
Mice
Miši
The laboratory mouse is derived from the wild house mouse (Mus musculus) a largely nocturnal burrowing and climbing animal which builds nests for regulation of the microenvironment, shelter and reproduction.
Laboratorijska miš izhaja iz divje hišne miši (Mus musculus), to je pretežno nočna žival, ki koplje in pleza ter gradi gnezda za urejanje mikrookolja, zavetje in razmnoževanje.
Mice are good climbers.
Miši so dobri plezalci.
Mice do not readily cross open spaces, preferring to remain close to walls or other structures.
Nerade prečkajo odprte prostore, raje se zadržujejo v bližini sten ali drugih struktur.
A wide range of social organisations has been observed depending on population density and intense territoriality may be seen in reproductively active males.
Opaženih je bilo več družbenih organizacij glede na gostoto naselitve, prav tako pa je mogoče opaziti močno teritorialnost pri spolno aktivnih samcih.
Pregnant and lactating females may prove aggressive in nest defence.
Breje in doječe samice so lahko pri obrambi gnezda napadalne.
As mice, particularly albino strains, have poor sight they rely heavily on their sense of smell and create patterns of urine markings in their environment.
Miši, zlasti albine, slabo vidijo in so močno odvisne od voha ter svoje okolje označujejo z urinom po značilnih vzorcih.
Mice also have very acute hearing and are sensitive to ultrasound.
Miši imajo tudi zelo dober sluh in so občutljive na ultrazvok.
There are considerable differences in the expression and intensity of behaviour depending on the strain.
Izražanje in intenzivnost vedenja se bistveno razlikujeta glede na rod.
Rats
Podgane
The laboratory rat is derived from the wild brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) and is a highly social animal.
Laboratorijska podgana izhaja iz divje sive podgane (Rattus norvegicus) in je zelo družabna žival.
Rats avoid open spaces, and use urine to mark territory.
Podgane se izogibajo odprtim prostorom in uporabljajo urin za označevanje teritorija.
Their sense of smell and hearing are highly developed, and rats are particularly sensitive to ultrasound.
Njihov voh in sluh sta zelo razvita, zlasti pa so občutljive na ultrazvok.
Daylight vision is poor, but dim-light vision is effective in some pigmented strains.
Dnevni vid je slab, vid pri medli svetlobi pa je pri nekaterih pigmentiranih vrstah učinkovit.
Albino rats avoid areas with light levels over 25 lux.
Albine podgane se izogibajo prostorom s stopnjo svetlobe nad 25 luksov.
Activity is greater during hours of darkness.
Podgane so bolj dejavne v temi.
Young animals are very exploratory and often engage in social play.
Mlade podgane so zelo radovedne in pogosto družabne.
Gerbils
Peščene podgane
The gerbil or Mongolian jird (Meriones sp.) is a social animal and is largely nocturnal, although in the laboratory it is also active during daylight.
Peščena podgana ali mongolski skakač (Meriones sp.) je družabna in pretežno nočna žival, vendar je v laboratoriju dejavna tudi podnevi.
In the wild, gerbils build burrows with tunnel entrances as a protection against predators, and in the laboratory often develop stereotypic digging behaviour unless provided with adequate facilities.
V divjini peščene podgane gradijo vkope z vhodom v obliki predora za zaščito pred plenilci, v laboratoriju pa pogosto razvijejo stereotipično kopanje, razen če imajo na voljo ustrezne strukture.
Hamsters
Hrčki
The wild ancestors (Mesocricetus sp.) of the laboratory hamster are largely solitary.
Divji predniki (Mesocricetus sp.) laboratorijskega hrčka so pretežno samotarji.