natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Grid areas should be located under perches if faecal collection is required.
Območja iz rešetk morajo biti nameščena pod gredmi, če je treba zbirati fekalije.
To reduce the incidence of foot injuries, slats made of plastic should be used in preference to wire mesh wherever possible.
Za zmanjšanje poškodb nog je bolje uporabljati plastične letvice namesto žičnate mreže, kadar je mogoče.
If wire mesh has to be used, it should be of a suitable grid size to adequately support the foot and the wire should have rounded edges and be plastic coated.
Če je treba uporabiti žičnato mrežo, morajo biti žice ustrezno prepletene, da mreža primerno podpre nogo, razen tega mora imeti žica zaobljene robove in plastično prevleko.
Feeding patterns of wild birds vary widely and consideration should be given to the nature of the food, the way in which it is presented and the times at which it is made available.
Vzorci hranjenja prostoživečih ptic se zelo razlikujejo, zato je treba obravnavati naravo hrane, njen videz in čas, ko je hrana na voljo.
Diets that will meet the nutritional requirements of each species and promote natural foraging behaviour should be researched and formulated before any animals are obtained.
Prehrano, ki izpolnjuje prehrambene potrebe posameznih vrst in spodbuja naravno vedenje pri iskanju hrane, je treba raziskati in sestaviti, preden se pridobijo kakršne koli živali.
Part of the diet or additional treats should be scattered on the enclosure floor to encourage foraging wherever appropriate.
Dele prehrane ali dodatne priboljške je treba raztresti po tleh ograjenega prostora, da se spodbuja iskanje hrane, kadar je to ustrezno.
Dietary enrichment benefits birds, so additions such as fruit, vegetables, seeds or invertebrates should be considered where appropriate even if it is not possible to feed birds on their ‘natural’ diet.
Obogatitev prehrane koristi pticam, zato je treba prehrani dodajati dodatke, kot so sadje, zelenjava, semena ali nevretenčarji, kadar je to ustrezno, tudi če ptic ni mogoče hraniti z njihovo običajno hrano.
Where new foods are introduced, the previous diet should always be available so that birds will not go hungry if they are unwilling to eat new foods.
Kadar se uvede nova hrana, mora biti še vedno na voljo prejšnja, da ptice ne bodo lačne, če ne bodo želele jesti nove hrane.
Some species are more adaptable than others and advice should be sought on appropriate dietary regimes.
Nekatere vrste so bolj prilagodljive kot druge, zato je treba poiskati nasvet o ustreznih ureditvah prehrane.
As some species, particularly granivores, require grit to digest their food, these should be provided with appropriately-sized grit.
Ker nekatere vrste, zlasti zrnojede, potrebujejo pesek za prebavo hrane, jim je treba zagotoviti ustrezno zdrobljen pesek.
Birds will select grit of the size they prefer if material of various sizes is provided.
Ptice bodo izbrale tisti pesek, ki jim ustreza, če se jim zagotovi pesek različnih velikosti.
The grit should be renewed regularly.
Pesek je treba redno menjati.
Dietary calcium and phosphorus should also be provided for birds in an appropriate form and at an appropriate level for each life stage, to prevent nutritional bone disease.
Prav tako je treba pticam kot dodatek k prehrani zagotoviti tudi kalcij in fosfor v ustrezni obliki ter na ustrezni ravni za vsako življenjsko obdobje, da se preprečijo bolezni kosti, ki so povezane s prehrano.
Any such requirements should be thoroughly researched and catered for.
Vse takšne zahteve je treba natančno raziskati in poskrbeti zanje.
Food can be supplied in feeders that are either attached to the side of the enclosure or standing on the enclosure floor.
Hrano je mogoče zagotoviti v krmilnikih, ki so pritrjeni ob strani ograjenega prostora ali postavljeni na tla.
Space occupied by floor feeders is not available to the birds and should not be included in calculations of pen area.
Prostor na tleh, na katerem so postavljeni krmilniki, ni na voljo pticam in se ne sme vključiti v izračune površine staje.
Wall mounted feeders do not occupy floor space but should be designed and fitted with care so that birds cannot become trapped underneath them.
Krmilniki, ki so vgrajeni v steno, ne zavzemajo prostora na tleh, vendar morajo biti pazljivo oblikovani in pritrjeni, tako da se ptice se morejo zagozditi pod njimi.
Chicks of some species (for example, domestic turkeys) may need to be taught to feed and drink in order to avoid dehydration and potential starvation.
Mladiče nekaterih vrst (na primer domačega purana) je morda treba naučiti jesti in piti, da se prepreči dehidracija in možno stradanje.
Food for all species should be clearly visible and provided at several points to help prevent feeding problems.
Prehrana za vse vrste mora biti jasno vidna in nameščena na več točkah, da se preprečijo težave pri hranjenju.
Water should be provided via nipple or cup drinkers, or as a continuous drinking channel.
Vodo je treba zagotoviti prek nastavkov ali skodelic za napajanje ali kanala za neprekinjeno napajanje.
There should be sufficient drinkers or an adequate length of channel drinker to prevent dominant birds from monopolising them.
Potrebnih je dovolj napajalnikov ali dovolj dolg kanal za napajanje, da se dominantnim pticam prepreči, da bi onemogočale pitje drugim pticam.
One nipple or cup drinker should be provided for every three or four birds, with a minimum of two in each enclosure.
Zagotoviti je treba en nastavek ali skodelico za napajanje na vsake tri ali štiri ptice, pri čemer sta potrebna vsaj dva v vsakem ograjenem prostoru.
Supplementary water may also be given as enrichment in birds' feed if appropriate.
Dodatna voda se lahko zagotovi kot obogatitev krme ptic, če je to primerno.
Suitable substrates for birds should be absorbent, unlikely to cause foot lesions and of an appropriate particle size to minimise dust and prevent excessive accumulation on the birds' feet.
Primerne podlage za ptice morajo biti vpojne, ne smejo povzročati poškodb nog in morajo imeti dovolj velike delce, da nastane čim manj prahu in se ne čezmerno kopičijo na nogah ptic.
Suitable substrates include chipped bark, white wood shavings, chopped straw or washed sand, but not sandpaper.
Primerne podlage so nasekano lubje, ostružki belega lesa, nasekljana slama ali opran pesek, nikakor pa ne smirkov papir.
Litter should be maintained in a dry, friable condition and be sufficiently deep to dilute and absorb faeces.
Stelja mora ostati suha in krhka ter je mora biti dovolj, da razredči in vpije fekalije.
Other suitable floor coverings include plastic artificial turf or deep pile rubber mats.
Druge primerne podlage za tla so plastična umetna trava ali globoke gumijaste podloge.
A suitable pecking substrate such as pieces of straw should be scattered over the floor.
Po tleh mora biti nametana primerna podlaga za kljuvanje, kot je slama.
Hatchlings and juvenile birds should be provided with a substrate that they can grip to avoid developmental problems such as splayed legs.
Pravkar izvaljenim in mladim pticam je treba zagotoviti podlago, ki se je lahko oprimejo, da se preprečijo težave v razvoju, kot so ukrivljene noge.
Juvenile birds should also be encouraged if necessary, for instance by tapping with the fingers, to peck at the substrate to help prevent subsequent misdirected pecking.
Mlade ptice je prav tako treba spodbujati, če je potrebno, h kljuvanju podlage, na primer s potrkavanjem s prsti, da se prepreči neprimerno kljuvanje v prihodnosti.
(See paragraph 4.9. of the General section).
(Glej odstavek 4.9 oddelka Splošno.)
Suitable equipment for catching and handling should be available, for example, well maintained nets in appropriate sizes and darkened nets with padded rims for small birds.
Na voljo mora biti primerna oprema za lovljenje ptic in ravnanje z njimi, na primer, dobro vzdrževane mreže ustreznih velikosti in zatemnjene mreže s podloženimi obroči za majhne ptice.
If the experimental procedure requires adult birds to be handled regularly, it is recommended from a welfare and experimental perspective to handle chicks frequently during rearing, as this reduces later fear of humans.
Če poskusni postopek zahteva redno delo z odraslimi pticami, se zaradi dobrega počutja in poskusa priporoča pogosto delo z mladiči med vzrejo, ker to zmanjša poznejši strah pred ljudmi.
The preferred method of killing for juvenile and adult birds is an overdose of anaesthetic using an appropriate agent and route.
Prednostna metoda ubijanja mladih in odraslih ptic je prevelik odmerek anestetika z uporabo ustreznega agenta in metode odmerjanja.
This is preferable to carbon dioxide inhalation, as carbon dioxide may be aversive.
To je bolje kot vdihavanje ogljikovega dioksida, ker je ogljikov dioksid lahko neustrezen.
As diving birds and some others, for example, mallard ducks, can slow their heart rates and hold their breath for long periods, care should be taken when killing such species by inhalation to ensure that they do not recover.
Ker lahko ptice, ki se potapljajo, in nekatere druge, na primer race mlakarice, upočasnijo srčni utrip in za daljši čas zadržijo dih, je treba pri ubijanju teh vrst z vdihavanjem paziti, da si živali ne opomorejo.
Ducks, diving birds and very young chicks should not be killed using carbon dioxide.
Rac, ptic, ki se potapljajo, in zelo mladih ptic se ne sme ubijati z ogljikovim dioksidom.
Non-invasive or minimally invasive methods such as noting physical differences, ringing with either closed or split rings and staining or dyeing the feathers are preferable to more invasive techniques such as electronic tagging or wing tagging.
Neinvazivne ali čim manj invazivne metode, kot so zapisovanje fizičnih razlik, označevanje z zaprtimi ali odprtimi obročki ter barvna oznaka na perju ali obarvanje perja, imajo prednost pred bolj invazivnimi tehnikami, kot sta elektronsko označevanje ali označevanje peruti.
Combinations of coloured leg rings minimise handling for identification, although due regard should be paid to any potential impact of colours on behaviour in some species.
Kombinacije barvnih obročkov za noge zmanjšajo delo s pticami, potrebno za njihovo označevanje, čeprav je treba ustrezno obravnavati vse možne vplive barv na vedenje nekaterih vrst.
When using rings as temporary marking for rapidly growing chicks, regular checking is essential to ensure that the ring is not impeding the growth of the leg.
Kadar se obročki uporabljajo kot začasne oznake za hitro rastoče mladiče, je treba z rednim pregledovanjem zagotoviti, da obroček ne preprečuje rasti noge.
Highly invasive marking methods such as toe-clipping or web-punching cause suffering and should not be used.
Zelo invazivne metode označevanja, kot sta obrezovanje krempljev ali luknjanje plavalne kožice, povzročajo bolečine in se ne smejo uporabljati.
Domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus) retain much of the biology and behaviour of the Jungle fowl from which they were domesticated.
Domača kokoš (Gallus gallus domesticus) je ohranila veliko bioloških značilnosti in vedenjskih vzorcev divjih kokoši, iz katerih se je razvila.
Behaviours that are most important to the species are nesting (in females), perching and using litter for foraging, scratching, pecking and dustbathing.
Oblike vedenja, ki so najpomembnejše za vrsto, so gnezdenje (pri samicah), sedenje na gredi in uporaba stelje pri iskanju hrane, brskanje, kljuvanje in valjanje v prahu.
Fowl are social and should be housed in groups of around five to twenty birds, with fewer males than females in adult groups, for example, a ratio of 1 to 5.
Perutnina je družabna vrsta in jo je treba namestiti v skupinah med pet in dvajset ptic, pri čemer mora biti v skupinah odraslih manj samcev kot samic, na primer v razmerju 1 proti 5.
Laying hens should have access to nest boxes from at least two weeks before coming into lay and no later than 16 weeks of age.
Kokoši nesnice morajo imeti dostop do gnezdišč vsaj dva tedna pred začetkom nesenja jajc in ne pozneje kot pri starosti 16 tednov.
Single- or pair-housed birds should each have access to a nest box, with a ratio of at least one nest box per two birds provided in larger groups.
Ptice, ki so nameščene posamezno ali v parih, morajo imeti dostop do gnezdišča, pri čemer mora biti pri večjih skupinah ptic razmerje gnezdišč vsaj eno gnezdišče na dve ptici.
Nest boxes should be enclosed and large enough to allow one hen to turn around.
Gnezdišča morajo biti ograjena in dovolj velika, da se lahko kokoš obrne.
A loose substrate such as wood-shavings or straw should be supplied within nest boxes to promote nesting behaviour.
Gnezdišča morajo imeti mehko podlago, kot so leseni ostružki ali slama, da se spodbuja gnezdenje.
Substrate should be regularly replaced and kept clean.
Podlago je treba redno menjati in ohranjati čisto.
Fowl should always be provided with the opportunity to perch, peck appropriate substrates, forage and dust-bathe from one day old.
Kokošim mora biti od starosti enega dne nenehno omogočeno, da sedijo na gredi, kljuvajo ustrezno podlago, iščejo hrano in se valjajo v prahu.
Suitable materials for dust-bathing include sand or soft wood shavings.
Primerni materiali za valjanje v prahu vključujejo pesek ali mehke lesene ostružke.
Perches should be 3 to 4 cm in diameter and round with a flattened top.
Gredi morajo imeti premer 3 do 4 cm ter biti okrogle oblike s sploščenim vrhom.
The optimum height above the floor varies for different breeds, ages and housing conditions but perches should initially be fixed at 5 to 10 cm and for older birds at 30 cm above the floor.
Optimalna višina nad tlemi se razlikuje glede na posamezno pasmo, starost in pogoje namestitve, vendar je treba gredi na začetku pritrditi 5 do 10 cm nad tlemi za mladiče in 30 cm za starejše ptice.
Perch heights should be adjusted in response to the birds' behaviour by seeing how easily birds can get on and off perches and move between them.
Višine gredi je treba prilagajati vedenju ptic z opazovanjem, kako lahko ptice pridejo na gred in z nje ter se premikajo med gredmi.
All birds should be able to perch at the same time and every adult bird should be allowed 15 cm of perch at each level.
Gred mora biti dovolj dolga, da lahko na njej sedijo vse ptice hkrati, za vsako ptico mora biti na voljo 15 cm gredi na vsaki ravni.
Especially during the establishment of groups, birds should also be briefly observed during dark periods to confirm that all individuals are roosting.
Zlasti med oblikovanjem skupin je treba ptice v obdobju teme krajši čas opazovati za potrditev, da vse ptice počivajo na gredi.
Fowl are highly motivated to perform ‘comfort behaviour’ such as wing flapping, feather ruffling and leg stretching, which help to maintain strong leg bones.
Kokoši zelo rade skrbijo za udobje tako, da plahutajo s perutmi, sršijo perje in si pretegujejo noge, kar prispeva k ohranjanju močnih nožnih kosti.
Birds should therefore be housed in floor enclosures large enough to permit all of these behaviours whenever possible.
Ptice morajo biti zato nameščene v ograjenih prostorih na tleh, ki so dovolj veliki, da dopuščajo vse te oblike vedenja, kadar koli je to mogoče.
Ideally, birds should be housed with outdoor access; appropriate cover such as bushes is essential to encourage fowl to go outside.
V najboljšem primeru je treba ptice namestiti tako, da imajo dostop na odprto; primerno zavetje, kot je grmovje, je bistveno za spodbujanje kokoši, da gredo ven.
Flooring for fowl should be solid, as this enables the provision of substrate to encourage foraging and possibly help to reduce the incidence of feather pecking.
Tla za kokoši morajo biti trdna, ker to zagotavlja podlago za spodbujanje iskanja hrane in morda pripomore k zmanjševanju kljuvanja perja.
If fowl need to be caged for scientific purposes, they should be housed in enclosures designed to address behavioural requirements.
Če morajo biti kokoši za znanstvene namene zaprte v kletkah, morajo biti nameščene v ograjenih prostorih, ki so zasnovani tako, da upoštevajo vedenjske zahteve.
If there are scientific reasons for not providing a solid floor, a solid area with loose substrate and items such as bunches of string, pecking blocks, rope, turf or straw should be provided for pecking.
Če obstajajo znanstveni razlogi, da se ne zagotovi trdnih tal, je treba zagotoviti območje s trdnimi tlemi in z mehko podlago za kljuvanje ter predmete, kot so šopi vrvi, kocke za kljuvanje, vrv, umetna trava ali slama.
Fowl strains developed for rapid growth rates (broilers) are highly susceptible to lameness and their use should be avoided wherever possible.
Rase kokoši, vzrejene za hitro rast (pitovni piščanci), so zelo nagnjene k šepavosti, zato se je treba izogibati njihovi uporabi, kadar je to mogoče.
If broilers are used, individuals should be assessed for lameness at least weekly and grown more slowly than those reared commercially unless growth rate is essential for the study.
Če se uporabljajo pitovni piščanci, jih je treba oceniti glede na šepavost vsaj enkrat tedensko ter jih vzrejati počasneje kot tiste, ki se vzrejajo za trg, razen če je stopnja rasti pomembna za študijo.
Table H.2.
Tabela H.2
Domestic fowl: Minimum enclosure dimensions and space allowances
Domače kokoši: Najmanjše mere ograjenih prostorov in prostorske zmogljivosti
Body mass (g)
Telesna teža (g)
Minimum area per bird (m2)
Najmanjše območje za ptico (m2)
Minimum height (cm)
Najmanjša višina (cm)
Minimum length of feed trough per bird (cm)
Najmanjša dolžina korita za hrano na ptico (cm)
over 300 to 600
več kot 300 in do 600
over 600 to 1200
več kot 600 in do 1200
over 1200 to 1800
več kot 1200 in do 1800
over 1800 to 2400
več kot 1800 in do 2400
over 2400
več kot 2400
Where these minimum enclosures sizes cannot be provided for scientific reasons, the duration of the confinement should be justified by the experimenter and determined in consultation with the animal technician and with the competent person charged with advisory duties in relation to the well-being of the animals.
Kadar zaradi znanstvenih razlogov ni mogoče zagotoviti teh najmanjših mer, mora vodja poskusa utemeljiti trajanje omejitve in to določiti po posvetovanju z zootehnikom in pristojno osebo, odgovorno za svetovanje v zvezi z dobrim počutjem živali.
In such circumstances, birds can be housed in smaller enclosures containing appropriate enrichment and with a minimum floor area of 0,75 m2.
V takšnih okoliščinah se lahko ptice namesti v manjše ograjene prostore, ki so primerno obogateni in imajo najmanjšo površino tal 0,75 m2.
These can be used to house two laying birds or small groups of birds in accordance with the space allowances given above.
Te se lahko uporabljajo za nameščanje dveh ptic nesnic ali manjših skupin ptic v skladu z navedenimi prostorskimi zmogljivostmi.
Wild turkeys regularly utilise a diverse range of environments and perform a variety of behaviours including dust-bathing, foraging and hunting.
Divji purani redno uporabljajo različna okolja in izražajo različno vedenje, vključno z valjanjem v prahu, iskanjem hrane in lovom.
The social behaviour of the wild turkey is complex, particularly during the breeding season.
Družabno vedenje divjega purana je zapleteno, zlasti med parjenjem.
Domestic turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) retain many of the characteristics of wild birds but there are some fundamental differences, for example domestic turkeys are unable to fly but have retained the ability to run quickly, and jump and glide, especially at younger ages.
Domači purani (Meleagris gallopavo) so ohranili številne značilnosti prostoživečih ptic, vendar med njimi obstajajo nekatere temeljne razlike, domači purani na primer ne morejo leteti, vendar so ohranili sposobnost hitro tekati, skakati in drseti, zlasti ko so mlajši.
Domestic turkeys are highly social and should not be single-housed.
Domači purani so zelo družabni in ne smejo biti nameščeni posamezno.
Stable groups should be formed as soon as birds are acquired and adequate monitoring is essential as injurious feather-pecking and head-pecking can occur from the first day of life.
Takoj ko se ptice pridobijo, je treba oblikovati trdne skupine, razen tega jih je treba ustrezno spremljati, ker se lahko od prvega dne življenja pojavi kljuvanje perja in kljuvanje glave, ki lahko povzroči poškodbe.
Lameness is a common problem and needs to be carefully monitored.
Šepavost je pogosta težava in jo je treba pozorno spremljati.
Veterinary advice should be sought on a policy for dealing with lameness.
Za politiko obravnave šepavosti je treba poiskati nasvet veterinarja.
Turkeys should be provided with perches placed at a height where birds on the ground are not able easily to peck and tug at the feathers of perching birds.
Puranom je treba zagotoviti gredi, nameščene na taki višini, da ptiči na tleh ne morejo enostavno kljuvati in vleči za perje ptic, ki sedijo na gredeh.
However, if birds are older and less agile, the access to perches should be facilitated by special equipment such as ramps.
Vendar če so ptice starejše in manj gibčne, je treba dostop do gredi olajšati s posebno opremo, kot so rampe.
Where this is not possible, perches should be placed at a low height (for example at 5 cm).
Kjer to ni mogoče, morajo biti gredi postavljene nižje (na primer na 5 cm).
The shape and size of the perch should be in accordance with the rapidly growing claws of the birds.
Oblika in velikost gredi morata biti v skladu s hitro rastočimi kremplji ptic.
Perches should be ovoid or rectangular with smoothed corners and made of wood or plastic.
Gredi morajo biti jajčaste ali pravokotne oblike z zglajenimi koti in iz lesa ali plastike.
Substrate for dust-bathing should always be provided.
Vedno je treba zagotoviti podlago za valjanje v prahu.
Suitable materials are fresh sawdust or sand.
Primerni materiali so sveža žagovina ali pesek.
Straw bales may be used for enrichment and to provide a refuge from dominant birds, but will need to be frequently replaced and older, heavier birds may need ramps to gain access to them.
Bale slame se uporabljajo za obogatitev okolja in zagotavljanje zatočišča pred dominantnimi pticami, vendar jih je treba redno menjati, razen tega lahko starejše in težje ptice potrebujejo rampe za dostop do teh bal.
Table H.3.
Tabela H.3
Domestic Turkey: Minimum enclosure dimensions and space allowances
Domači puran: Najmanjše mere ograjenih prostorov in prostorske zmogljivosti
Body mass (kg)
Telesna teža (kg)
Minimum area per bird
Najmanjše območje za ptico
over 0,3 to 0,6
več kot 0,3 in do 0,6
over 0,6 to 1
več kot 0,6 in do 1
over 1 to 4
več kot 1 in do 4
over 4 to 8
več kot 4 in do 8
over 8 to 12
več kot 8 in do 12
over 12 to 16
več kot 12 in do 16
over 16 to 20
več kot 16 in do 20
In such circumstances, birds can be housed in smaller enclosures containing appropriate enrichment and with a minimum floor area of 0,75 m2 and a minimum height of 50 cm for birds below 0,6 kg, 75 cm for birds below 4 kg, and 100 cm for birds over 4 kg.
V takšnih okoliščinah se lahko ptice namestijo v manjših ograjenih prostorih, ki so ustrezno obogateni in imajo najmanjšo površino tal 0,75 m2 ter najmanjšo višino 50 cm za ptice pod 0,6 kg, 75 cm za ptice pod 4 kg in 100 cm nad 4 kg.
These can be used to house small groups of birds in accordance with the space allowances given above.
Ti se lahko uporabljajo za nameščanje manjših skupin ptic v skladu s prostorskimi zmogljivostmi, ki so opisane zgoraj.
Wild quail live in small social groups and devote much of their time to scratching and foraging for seeds and invertebrates on the ground.
Divje prepelice živijo v manjših družbenih skupinah in velik del časa namenjajo brskanju ter iskanju semen in nevretenčarjev po tleh.
The preferred habitat of many species is dense vegetation such as grasslands, bushes alongside rivers and cereal fields.
Najljubše okolje številnih vrst je gosto zelenje, kot so travišča, grmovje ob rekah in žitna polja.