natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Newborn animals are carried on the backs of their mothers until they are about 6 months old.
Matere nosijo na novo skotene živali na hrbtih do starosti okoli 6 mesecev.
However, they leave their mothers for exploration or are carried by close relatives at quite an early stage.
Vendar mladiči zapustijo matere, kadar raziskujejo, ali jih že zelo zgodaj nosijo bližnji sorodniki.
They thus learn to socialise and, frequently through vocalisations, discover what may be dangerous or beneficial for them.
Tako se naučijo druženja in pogosto z vokalizacijo odkrivajo, kaj je zanje lahko nevarno ali koristno.
The animals take up solid food from the age of three months onward.
Živali začnejo jesti trdno hrano od starosti treh mesecev.
Nevertheless it is recommended that young animals should not be separated from their families before 6 months of age or, if hand feeding is necessary, they can be placed for adoption by another female, if possible, in their natal group.
Razen tega je priporočljivo, da mlade živali niso ločene od svojih družin pred starostjo 6 mesecev, lahko pa jih posvoji druga samica, po možnosti iz iste rojstne skupine, če je potrebno ročno hranjenje.
Squirrel monkeys reach sexual maturity at about the age of 3 years.
Veveričje opice dosežejo spolno zrelost pri treh letih starosti.
Breeding groups, once established, should not be disturbed, to avoid reduction in breeding performance.
Ko so skupine za parjenje oblikovane, se ne smejo spreminjati, da se prepreči zmanjšanje uspešnosti parjenja.
Major environmental and social changes should thus be avoided.
S tem se preprečijo velike okoljske in socialne spremembe.
As arboreal animals, squirrel monkeys need sufficient climbing possibilities which can be provided by wire-mesh walls, poles, chains or ropes.
Veveričje opice kot drevesne živali potrebujejo dovolj možnosti za plezanje, ki se lahko zagotovijo z zidovi z žičnato mrežo, drogovi, verigami ali vrvmi.
Though they do leap over gaps if provided with structures, they prefer to run along or swing on horizontal and diagonal branches or rope bridges.
Čeprav skačejo čez vrzeli, če jih konstrukcija omogoča, imajo raje tekanje ali zibanje na vzporednih in prečnih vejah ali mostovih iz vrvi.
Perches or nest boxes where they can sit huddled together for resting and sleep will be utilised.
Uporabljajo se gredi ali gnezdišča, na katerih lahko skupaj sedijo stisnjene pri počitku ali spanju.
A solid base with a substrate encourages foraging activity and play.
Trdna osnova s podlago spodbuja iskanje hrane in igranje.
The animals should be offered a choice of sites within the enclosure to allow for activity, to enable them to retreat from social contact and to allow them to select comfortable temperatures and lighting conditions.
Živalim je treba v ograjenem prostoru omogočiti izbiro mest, da se omogočijo dejavnosti, umik od druženja in da izberejo udobne temperaturne in svetlobne pogoje.
Table F.2.
Tabela F.2
Squirrel Monkeys: Minimum enclosure dimensions and space allowances
Veveričje opice: Najmanjše mere ograjenih prostorov in prostorske zmogljivosti
Minimum floor area for 1 [9] or 2 animals (m2)
Najmanjša površina tal za 1 [9] ali 2 živali (m2)
Minimum volume per additional animal over 6 months of age (m3)
Najmanjša prostornina za dodatno žival nad 6 meseci (m3)
Minimum enclosure height (m)
Najmanjša višina ograjenega prostora (m)
Squirrel monkeys require a high protein intake.
Veveričje opice potrebujejo visok delež vnosa beljakovin.
As with other South American species, squirrel monkeys require high levels of vitamin D3 in addition to vitamin C. Pregnant females are susceptible to folic acid deficiency, and should be provided with an appropriate powder or liquid supplement containing synthetic folic acid.
Veveričje opice tako kot druge vrste iz Južne Amerike razen vitamina C potrebujejo visoke stopnje vitamina D3. Breje samice so občutljive na pomanjkanje folne kisline, zato jim je treba zagotoviti ustrezna prehranska dopolnila v obliki praška ali tekočine, ki vsebujejo sintetično folno kislino.
Squirrel monkeys can be trained to come forward for titbits or drinks as rewards.
Veveričje opice se lahko izurijo tako, da za nagrado pridejo po posladek ali pijačo.
They are also capable of learning how to solve tasks for reward.
Sposobne so se tudi naučiti, kako za nagrado rešiti nalogo.
For catching for investigation or treatment, animals should be trained to enter gangways with trap cages or individual enclosures.
Živali je treba izuriti, da vstopijo v prehode s kletkami s pastmi ali posameznimi ograjenimi prostori, kadar jih je treba ujeti za raziskovanje ali zdravljenje.
The three species of macaque which are most commonly kept in laboratories all originate from Asia: Macaca mulatta (the rhesus monkey), Macaca fascicularis (the long-tailed, crab-eating or cynomolgus macaque) and Macaca arctoides (the stump-tailed or bear macaque).
Vse tri vrste bradačev, ki jih najpogosteje zadržujejo v laboratorijih, izvirajo iz Azije: Macaca mulatta (opica rezus), Macaca fascicularis (dolgorepi račjejedi ali javanski makak) in Macaca arctoides (kratkorepi ali medvedji makak).
The vervet (Cercopithecus aethiops or Chlorocebus aethiops) is a rather similar type of African monkey sometimes kept in laboratories.
Zamorska mačka (Cercopithecus aethiops ali Chlorocebus aethiops) je zelo podobna vrsti afriških opic, ki jih včasih zadržujejo v laboratorijih.
In the wild, all of these species live in matriarchal multi-male/multi-female groups.
V naravi vse te vrste živijo v matriarhalnih skupinah z več samci/več samicami.
There are both male and female dominance hierarchies and females form kinship groups within the troop.
Obstajajo hierarhije dominantnosti med samci in med samicami, samice pa oblikujejo skupine sorodnikov v tropu.
Social bonds are strongest between related females, and males compete for access to females in oestrus.
Družbene vezi so najmočnejše med samicami v sorodu, samci pa tekmujejo za samice v estrusu.
Two species, the rhesus monkey and stump-tailed macaque live in warm to temperate climates, while the long-tailed macaque is an exclusively tropical species which particularly favours mangrove swamps and often forages in water.
Dve vrsti, opica rezus in kratkorepi makak, živita v topli do zmerni klimi, medtem ko je dolgorepi makak izključno tropska vrsta, ki ima zlasti rada močvirja mangrov in pogosto išče hrano v vodi.
The long-tailed macaque is the most arboreal of the four species and the stump-tailed macaque the most terrestrial.
Dolgorepi makak od navedenih štirih vrst najraje živi na drevesih, kratkorepi makak pa najraje na tleh.
The vervet has a wide range of African habitats, including open grasslands, forests and mountains, with climatic conditions ranging from warm temperate to tropical.
Zamorska mačka živi na širokem območju afriških habitatov, vključno s prostranimi pašniki, gozdovi in gorami, od zmerno toplih do tropskih podnebnih razmer.
Rhesus monkeys are seasonal breeders while the other species breed all year round in captivity.
Opice rezus se v ujetništvu parijo v določenem času v letu, medtem ko se druge vrste parijo skozi celo leto.
All the species have a predominantly vegetarian diet, although they may also feed on insects.
Vse vrste so pretežno rastlinojede, čeprav se lahko hranijo tudi z žuželkami.
Macaques and vervets in captivity have been known to live for more than thirty years.
Znano je, da makaki in zamorske mačke v ujetništvu živijo več kot trideset let.
Rhesus monkeys and stump-tailed macaques are tolerant of temperate climates, vervets are also adaptable and temperatures of 16 oC to 25 oC are suitable.
Opice rezus in kratkorepi makaki dobro prenašajo zmerno podnebje, nanj so prilagojene tudi zamorske mačke, primerna temperatura pa je od 16 oC do 25 oC.
For the long tailed macaque, however, a more suitable range is 21 oC to 28 oC, although it will venture outdoors in much cooler weather.
Vendar je za dolgorepega makaka primernejša temperatura od 21 oC do 28 oC, čeprav gredo tudi v bolj hladnem vremenu v zunanje prostore.
(See paragraph 2.3. of the General considerations for non-human primates)
(Glej odstavek 2.3 Splošnih načel za primate, razen človeka.)
(See paragraph 2.4. of the General considerations for non-human primates)
(Glej odstavek 2.4 Splošnih načel za primate, razen človeka.)
(See paragraph 2.6. in the General considerations for non-human primates)
(Glej odstavek 2.6 Splošnih načel za primate, razen človeka.)
Vervets may also be susceptible to Marburg Virus and Ebola Virus.
Zamorske mačke so dovzetne tudi za virus marburg in virus ebola.
Same-sex groups are most easily created at the time when the animals are separated from their mothers.
Istospolne skupine je najlažje oblikovati ob ločitvi živali od njihovih mater.
With all social housing, staff should be vigilant to ensure that aggression is minimised.
Pri vseh namestitvah z drugimi živalmi mora osebje skrbno zagotavljati, da se čim bolj zmanjša napadalnost.
Vervet colonies are particularly prone to outbreaks of violence, especially after any form of disturbance to the group.
Kolonije zamorskih mačk so zlasti nagnjene k izbruhom nasilja, zlasti po kakršnem koli vznemirjanju skupine.
Breeding groups in captivity will usually be composed of one male and six to twelve females.
Skupine za vzrejo v ujetništvu običajno sestavljajo en samec in šest do dvanajst samic.
With larger groups, to improve conception rates, two males can be included.
V večjih skupinah sta lahko dva samca, da se izboljša stopnja oploditve.
If one male is considerably younger than the other, competition between them will be reduced.
Če je en samec veliko mlajši od drugega, je tekmovalnost med njima manjša.
Where linked enclosures are used, care should be taken to monitor female-female aggression when the male is out of sight in the other part of the enclosure.
Če se uporabljajo povezani ograjeni prostori, je treba poskrbeti, da se spremlja napadalnost med samicami, kadar je samec zunaj vidnega polja v drugem delu ograjenega prostora.
The age of removal of young macaques from their mothers is an important consideration for the breeding female, future breeders and stock animals.
Starost odvzema mladih bradačev od njihovih mater je pomembna za samico za vzrejo, prihodnje plemenske živali in gojene živali.
The young should not normally be separated from their mothers earlier than 8 months of age, preferably 12 months, apart from infants which are unable to be reared by their mother, for example due to poor lactation, injury or illness.
Mladičev se običajno ne sme ločiti od njihovih mater pred starostjo 8 mesecev, po možnosti 12 mesecev, razen na novo skotenih mladičev, ki jih matere ne morejo vzrediti, na primer zaradi slabe laktacije, poškodbe ali bolezni.
To avoid major behavioural disturbances, such hand-reared animals should be re-integrated with other compatible animals as soon as possible.
Za preprečevanje večjih vedenjskih motenj je treba takšne živali, vzrejene s človeško pomočjo, čim prej vrniti v družbo drugih združljivih živali.
Separation before six months can cause distress and may lead to persistent behavioural and physiological abnormalities.
Ločitev pred šestimi meseci lahko povzroči stiske ter povzroči dolgotrajne vedenjske in psihološke anomalije.
These animals, having advanced cognitive capabilities, require a suitably complex environment.
Te živali, ki imajo napredne kognitivne sposobnosti, potrebujejo ustrezno celostno okolje.
A solid floor, which can be enriched by providing a non-toxic substrate, will allow for the concealment of scattered food items and encourage foraging.
Trdna tla, ki se lahko obogatijo z nestrupeno podlago, omogočajo prikrivanje raztresene hrane in spodbujajo iskanje hrane.
The enclosures should include vertical and diagonal structures for climbing, facilitating the use of the whole volume of the enclosure.
Ograjeni prostori morajo vključevati navpične in prečne strukture za plezanje, ki olajšajo uporabo celotne prostornine ograjenega prostora.
Shelves and perches should not be placed one above the other.
Police in gredi ne smejo biti nameščene druge nad drugo.
A space should be left between the shelf and enclosure wall to allow for the animal to suspend its tail freely.
Med polico in ograjenim prostorom je treba pustiti dovolj prostora, da lahko žival prosto iztegne rep.
Ladders, perches and toys to chew are all of value.
Koristne so lestve, gredi in igrače za žvečenje.
In larger enclosures, a water tank (which is easily emptied) is particularly valuable for M. fascicularis but M. mulatta will also use it.
V večjih ograjenih prostorih je rezervoar za vodo (ki ga je mogoče preprosto izprazniti) zlasti koristen za vrsto M. fascicularis, vendar ga uporablja tudi vrsta M. mulatta.
Food can be dropped into the water for the long-tailed macaque and it will dive to retrieve it.
Hrana se lahko dolgorepim bradačem vrže v vodo, da se potopijo in jo poiščejo.
Devices to encourage foraging (ranging from food scattered in the substrate to puzzle-feeders) have proved effective.
Naprave za spodbujanje iskanja hrane (od hrane, raztresene po podlagi, do naprav, pri katerih se morajo živali potruditi, da pridejo do hrane) so se izkazale za učinkovite.
Suitable food material can be placed on the mesh roof to encourage the animals to access it from the top of the enclosure.
Ustrezna hrana se lahko položi na mrežasto streho, da se živali spodbuja, da do nje dostopajo z zgornjega dela ograjenega prostora.
As novelty is important, toys should be provided and exchanged frequently.
Ker so novosti pomembne, je treba igrače pogosto menjati.
For the animals to feel secure, the design and interior dimensions of the enclosure should at least allow them to climb above human eye level.
Da se živali počutijo varne, jim morajo oblika in notranje mere ograjenega prostora omogočati vsaj to, da splezajo tako visoko, da so zunaj vidnega polja človeka.
Housing the animals in groups and in enclosures larger than the minimum group sizes and enclosure dimensions proposed in table F.3 should be encouraged
Spodbujati je treba namestitev živali v skupine in ograjene prostore, ki so večji od najmanjše velikosti za skupino ter mere ograjenih prostorov iz tabele F.3.
Table F.3.
Tabela F.3
Macaques and vervets: Minimum enclosure dimensions and space allowances [10]
Bradači in zamorske mačke: Najmanjše mere ograjenih prostorov in prostorske zmogljivosti [10]
Minimum enclosure size (m2)
Najmanjša velikost ograjenega prostora (m2)
Minimum enclosure volume (m3)
Najmanjša prostornina ograjenega prostora (m3)
Minimum volume per animal (m3)
Najmanjša prostornina na žival (m3)
Animals less than 3 yrs of age [11]
Živali, mlajše od 3 let [11]
Animals from 3 yrs of age [12]
Živali, starejše od 3 let [12]
Animals held for breeding purposes [13]
Živali za vzrejo [13]
Animals should be housed in indoor enclosures providing appropriate environmental conditions of sufficient size to permit all animals to be provided with at least the minimum space allowances set out in table F.3 above.
Živali morajo biti nameščene v dovolj velikih notranjih ograjenih prostorih, ki zagotavljajo ustrezne okoljske razmere, da se omogoči, da imajo vse živali na voljo vsaj najmanjše prostorske zmogljivosti iz tabele F.3.
In certain climates, it may be possible to hold breeding and stock animals in entirely outdoor enclosures if adequate shelter from climatic extremes is provided.
V nekaterih podnebjih je mogoča namestitev živali za vzrejo in gojenih živali v povsem zunanjih ograjenih prostorih, če je zagotovljene dovolj zaščite pred podnebnimi skrajnostmi.
(See paragraph 4.4. in the General considerations for non-human primates)
(Glej odstavek 4.4 Splošnih načel za primate, razen človeka.)
(See paragraphs 4.3. and 4.6. of the General considerations for non-human primates)
(Glej odstavka 4.3 in 4.6 Splošnih načel za primate, razen človeka.)
Macaques can easily be trained to cooperate in simple routine procedures such as injections or blood sampling and to come to an accessible part of the enclosure.
Bradače je mogoče preprosto naučiti, da sodelujejo v preprostih rutinskih postopkih, kot je dajanje injekcij ali jemanje vzorcev krvi, in da pridejo na dostopen del ograjenega prostora.
Baboons include three genera, Papio, Theropithecus and Mandrillus, in which the commonly used species are Papio papio (Guinea baboon) and Papio anubis (Olive baboon).
Pavijani vključujejo tri rodove, Papio, Theropithecus in Mandrillus, od katerih sta pogosto uporabljeni vrsti Papio papio in Papio anubis.
Baboons inhabit woodlands and savannahs, including arid steppes and mountain deserts.
Pavijani živijo v gozdnatih pokrajinah in savanah, vključno s pustimi stepami in gorskimi puščavami.
They are heavily built terrestrial and quadrupedal animals.
So trdno grajene kopenske in štirinožne živali.
They display a great prognathism.
Zanje je značilna velika prognatija.
Males are equipped with large canines.
Samci imajo velike podočnike.
Baboons are omnivorous and eat a wide variety of foods, mostly vegetarian (fruit and roots), although they do eat insects and occasionally mammal prey such as young gazelles or other non-human primates.
Pavijani so vsejedi in jedo zelo raznoliko hrano, večinoma rastline (sadje in korenine), čeprav jedo tudi mrčes in občasno sesalce, kot so mlade gazele ali drugi primati, razen človeka.
Papio papio and Papio anubis live in multi-male/multi-female groups.
Vrsti Papio papio in Papio anubis živita v skupinah z več samci/samicami.
Baboons in captivity have been known to live for more than thirty-five years.
Znano je, da pavijani v ujetništvu živijo več kot petintrideset let.
The following guidelines are relevant to Papio papio and Papio anubis.
Naslednje smernice veljajo za vrsti Papio papio in Papio anubis.
Baboons are tolerant and adaptable of temperate climates and temperatures of 16 oC to 28 oC are suitable.
Pavijani dobro prenašajo zmerno podnebje in so prilagojeni nanj, primerna temperatura je od 16 oC do 28 oC.
Adults and juveniles should be kept with social companions.
Odrasli in mladiči morajo biti nameščeni v družbi drugih živali.
Stock animals can be kept in compatible same-sex groups.
Gojene živali so lahko nameščene v ustreznih istospolnih skupinah.
Wherever possible, experimental animals should be kept in same-sex pairs or groups.
Kadar je le mogoče, morajo biti poskusne živali nameščene v istospolnih parih ali skupinah.
Breeding groups should be composed of one male and six to seven females, or two males and twelve to fifteen females.
Skupine za vzrejo morajo sestavljati en samec in šest do sedem samic ali dva samca in dvanajst do petnajst samic.
Larger groups may be much more difficult to manage.
Večje skupine so lahko veliko težje obvladljive.
Staff should be vigilant to ensure that aggression is minimised.
Osebje mora skrbno zagotavljati, da se čim bolj zmanjša napadalnost.
Baboon colonies are particularly prone to outbreaks of aggression, especially after any form of disturbance to the group.
Kolonije pavijanov so zlasti nagnjene k izbruhom nasilja, zlasti po kakršnem koli vznemirjanju skupine.
The young should not normally be separated from their mothers before eight months of age, preferably twelve months, apart from infants which have been rejected or whose mother is not lactating adequately, or other veterinary reasons.
Mladičev se običajno ne sme ločiti od njihovih mater pred starostjo osmih mesecev, po možnosti dvanajstih mesecev, razen na novo skotenih mladičev, ki so jih matere zavrgle ali katerih matere ne izločajo dovolj mleka ali zaradi drugih veterinarskih razlogov.
Baboons, having advanced cognitive capabilities, require a suitably complex environment.
Pavijani, ki imajo napredne kognitivne sposobnosti, potrebujejo ustrezno celostno okolje.
Food may be placed on the mesh roof to encourage the animals to access it from the top of the enclosure.
Hrana se lahko položi na mrežasto streho, da se živali spodbuja, da do nje dostopajo z zgornjega dela ograjenega prostora.
Due to the size and the behavioural needs of baboons, enclosures should be robust and include broad shelves and blocks.
Zaradi velikosti in vedenjskih potreb pavijanov morajo biti ograjeni prostori trdni ter vključevati police in ovire.
Enclosure — dimensions and flooring:
Ograjeni prostori – Mere in tla
For the animals to feel secure, the design and interior dimension of the enclosure should be at least high enough to allow them to climb above human eye level.
Da se živali počutijo varne, jim morajo oblika in notranje mere ograjenega prostora omogočati vsaj to, da splezajo tako visoko, da so zunaj vidnega polja človeka.
Housing the animals in groups and in enclosures larger than the minimum group sizes and enclosures dimensions proposed in table F.4 should be encouraged
Spodbujati je treba namestitev živali v skupine in ograjene prostore, ki so večji od najmanjše velikosti za skupino ter mere ograjenih prostorov iz tabele F.4.
Table F.4.
Tabela F.4
Baboons: Minimum enclosure dimensions and space allowances [14]
Pavijani: Najmanjše mere ograjenih prostorov in prostorske zmogljivosti [14]
Animals [15] less than 4 yrs of age
Živali, mlajše od 4 let [15]
Animals [15] from 4 yrs of age
Živali, starejše od 4 let [15]
Animals held for breeding purposes [16]
Živali za vzrejo [16]
Animals should be housed in indoor enclosures providing appropriate environmental conditions of sufficient size to permit all animals to be provided with at least the minimum space allowances set out in table F.4. above.
Živali morajo biti nameščene v dovolj velikih notranjih ograjenih prostorih, ki zagotavljajo ustrezne okoljske razmere, da se omogoči, da imajo vse živali na voljo vsaj najmanjše prostorske zmogljivosti iz tabele F.4.
Enclosures should have a solid floor.
Ograjeni prostori morajo imeti trdna tla.
(See paragraph 4.4. of the General considerations for non-human primates)
(Glej odstavek 4.4 Splošnih načel za primate, razen človeka.)
Baboons can be easily trained to cooperate in simple routine procedures such as injections or blood sampling and to come to an accessible part of the enclosure.
Pavijane je brez težav mogoče naučiti, da sodelujejo v preprostih rutinskih postopkih, kot je dajanje injekcij ali jemanje vzorcev krvi, in da pridejo na dostopen del ograjenega prostora.
However, for personnel safety considerations, great care should be taken in handling adult animals and suitable restraint deployed.
Vseeno je treba ob upoštevanju varnosti osebja posebno pozornost nameniti ravnanju z odraslimi živalmi in uporabiti ustrezne postopke zadrževanja.
SPECIES-SPECIFIC GUIDELINES FOR FARM ANIMALS AND MINI-PIGS
SMERNICE ZA DOMAČE ŽIVALI IN PRITLIKAVE SVINJE
For the purposes of these guidelines the term ‘farm animals’ includes cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, mini-pigs and equines, including horses, ponies, donkeys and mules.
V teh smernicah izraz „domače živali“ vključuje govedo, ovce, koze, prašiče, pritlikave svinje in kopitarje, vključno s konji, poniji, osli in mulami.
The use of farm animals in research varies from applied experiments under farm conditions to more fundamental studies in agricultural, veterinary or biomedical research carried out under laboratory conditions.
Domače živali se v raziskavah uporabljajo za uporabne poskuse, ki potekajo na kmetijah, poleg tega pa tudi za temeljitejše kmetijske, veterinarske ali biomedicinske raziskave v laboratoriju.
In the former case, it is important that the housing and management conditions, whilst taking due account of animal health and welfare, produce information which can be reliably applied to commercial farm conditions.
V prvem primeru je pomembno, da pogoji namestitve in ravnanja ob ustreznem upoštevanju zdravja in dobrega počutja živali zagotovijo informacije, ki se lahko zanesljivo uporabijo pri tržno usmerjenih kmetijah.
In the latter case, where more invasive procedures are frequently involved, a different type of housing and management is necessary.
V zadnjem primeru, v katerem se pogosteje uporabljajo bolj invazivni postopki, je potrebna drugačna vrsta namestitve in ravnanja.