natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Results from desorption kinetics experiment
Rezultati preskusa kinetike desorpcije
Common plots of the percentage desorption Dti
Skupni grafični prikazi odstotkov desorpcije (Dti
and adsorption Ati
in adsorpcije (AΔti
versus time, allow estimation of the reversibility of the adsorption process.
v odvisnosti od časa omogočajo ocenitev reverzibilnosti adsorpcijskega procesa.
If the desorption equilibrium is attained even within twice the time of the adsorption equilibrium, and the total desorption is more than 75 % of the amount adsorbed, the adsorption is considered to be reversible.
Če se desorpcijsko ravnotežje vzpostavi tudi v dvakrat daljšem času od adsorpcij skega ravnotežja in če je skupna desorpcija večja od 75 % adsorbirane količine, velja adsorpcij a za reverzibilno.
Desorption isotherms
Desorpcijske izoterme
Freundlich desorption isotherms are determined on the soils used in the adsorption isotherms experiment.
Freundlichove desorpcij ske izoterme se določajo na tleh, uporabljenih pri preskusu adsorpcij skih izoterm.
The desorption test is performed as described in the section ‘Desorption kinetics’, with the only difference that the aqueous phase is analysed only once, at desorption equilibrium.
Preskus desorpcije se izvede, kakor je opisano v poglavju „Kinetika desorpcije“, z edino razliko, da se vodna faza analizira samo enkrat, ob desorpcij skem ravnotežju.
The amount of the test substance desorbed is calculated.
Izračuna se količina desorbirane preskusne snovi.
The content of test substance remaining adsorbed on soil at desorption equilibrium is plotted as a function of the equilibrium concentration of the test substance in solution (see Data and Reporting and Appendix 5).
Vsebnost preskusne snovi, ki ostane adsorbirana na tleh ob desorpcij skem ravnotežju, se grafično prikaže kot funkcija ravnotežne koncentracije preskusne snovi v raztopini (glej poglavje Podatki in poročanje ter Dodatek 5).
The analytical data are presented in tabular form (see Appendix 6).
Analitski podatki se prikažejo v obliki tabel (glej Dodatek 6).
Individual measurements and averages calculated are given.
Navedejo se posamezne meritve in izračunana povprečja.
Graphical representations of adsorption isotherms are provided.
Dodajo se grafični prikazi adsorpcij skih izoterm.
The calculations are made as described below.
Izračuni se opravijo, kot je opisano spodaj.
For the purpose of the test, it is considered that the weight of 1 cm3 of aqueous solution is 1g. The soil/solution ratio may be expressed in units of w/w or w/vol with the same figure.
Za namen preskusa velja, da je teža 1 cm3 vodne raztopine 1 g. Razmerje tla/raztopina se lahko z isto številko izrazi v enotah m/m ali m/V.
ADSORPTION
ADSORPCIJA
The adsorption Ati
Adsorpcija Ati
is defined as the percentage of substance adsorbed on the soil related to the quantity present at the beginning of the test, under the test conditions.
je opredeljena kot odstotek snovi, adsorbirane na tla, glede na količino na začetku preskusa, v preskusnih pogojih.
If the test substance is stable and does not adsorb significantly to the container wall, Ati
Če je preskusna snov stabilna in se bistveno ne adsorbira na stene posode, se Ati
is calculated at each time point ti, according to the equation:
izračuna za vsak čas ti po enačbi:
adsorption percentage at the time point ti (%);
odstotek adsorpcije ob času ti (%);
mass of the test substance adsorbed on the soil at the time ti (μg);
masa preskusne snovi, adsorbirane na tla ob času ti (μg);
mass of the test substance in the test tube, at the beginning of the test (μg).
masa preskusne snovi v epruveti na začetku preskusa (μg).
Detailed information on how to calculate the percentage of adsorption Ati
Podrobne informacije o izračunavanju odstotka Ati
for the parallel and serial methods is given in Appendix 5.
pri paralelni in serijski metodi so navedene v Dodatku 5.
The distribution coefficient Kd is the ratio between the content of the substance in the soil phase and the mass concentration of the substance in the aqueous solution, under the test conditions, when adsorption equilibrium is reached.
Porazdelitvenii koeficient Kd je razmerje med vsebnostjo snovi v fazi tal in masno koncentracijo snovi v vodni raztopini v preskusnih pogojih, ko je doseženo adsorpcijsko ravnotežje.
content of the substance adsorbed on the soil at adsorption equilibrium (μg g-1);
vsebnost snovi, adsorbirane na tla ob adsorpcijskem ravnotežju (μg g-1);
mass concentration of the substance in the aqueous phase at adsorption equilibrium (μg cm-3).
masna koncentracija snovi v vodni fazi ob adsorpcijskem ravnotežju (μg cm-3).
This concentration is analytically determined taking into account the values given by the blanks;
Ta koncentracija se določi analitsko ob upoštevanju vrednosti, dobljenih pri slepem vzorcu;
mass of the substance adsorbed on the soil at adsorption equilibrium (μg);
masa snovi, adsorbirane na tla ob adsorpcijskem ravnotežju (μg);
mass of the substance in the solution at adsorption equilibrium (μg);
masa snovi v raztopini ob adsorpcijskem ravnotežju (μg);
quantity of the soil phase, expressed in dry mass of soil (g);
količina talne faze, izražena v suhi masi tal (g)
initial volume of the aqueous phase in contact with the soil (cm3).
začetna prostornina vodne faze v stiku s tlemi (cm3).
The relation between Aeq and Kd is given by:
Odnos med Aeq in Kd se navede z:
percentage of adsorption at adsorption equilibrium, %.
odstotek adsorpcije ob adsorpcijskem ravnotežju, %.
The organic carbon normalised adsorption coefficient Koc relates the distribution coefficient Kd to the content of organic carbon of the soil sample:
Adsorpcijski koeficient normiran na organski ogljik Koc; povezuje porazdelitveni koeficient Kd z vsebnostijo organskega ogljika v vzorcu tal:
%OC percentage of organic carbon in the soil sample (g g-1).
%OC odstotek organskega ogljika v vzorcu tal (g g-1).
Koc coefficient represents a single value which characterises the partitioning mainly of non-polar organic chemicals between organic carbon in the soil or sediment and water.
Koeficient Koc predstavlja eno samo vrednost, ki označuje porazdelitev večinoma nepolarnih organskih kemikalij med organski ogljik v tleh ali usedlinah in vodi.
The adsorption of these chemicals is correlated with the organic content of the sorbing solid (7); thus, Koc values depend on the specific characteristics of the humic fractions which differ considerably in sorption capacity, due to differences in origin, genesis, etc.
Adsorpcija teh kemikalij je v korelaciji z organsko vsebnostjo sorptivnih trdnih snovi (7); tako so vrednosti Koc odvisne od specifičnih lastnosti huminskih frakcij, ki se precej razlikujejo po zmožnosti sorpcije zaradi razlik v izvoru, genezi itd.
The Freundlich adsorption isotherms equation relates the amount of the test substance adsorbed to the concentration of the test substance in solution at equilibrium (equation 8).
Enačba Freundlichovih adsorpcij skih izoterm predstavlja odvisnost med količino adsorbirane preskusne snovi in koncentracijo preskusne snovi v raztopini ob ravnotežju (enačba 8).
The data are treated as under ‘Adsorption’ and, for each test tube, the content of the test substance adsorbed on the soil after the adsorption test (Cs
Podatki se obdelajo kot pri „Adsorpciji“ in za vsako epruveto se izračuna vsebnost preskusne snovi, adsorbirane na tla po preskusu adsorpcije (Cs
, elsewhere denoted as x/m) is calculated.
, drugje navedeno kot x/m).
It is assumed that equilibrium has been attained and that Cs
Predpostavlja se, da je bilo ravnotežje vzpostavljeno in da Cs
represents the equilibrium value:
predstavlja ravnotežno vrednost:
The Freundlich adsorption equation is shown in (8):
Freundlichova adsorpcijska enačba je (8):
or in the linear form:
ali v linearni obliki:
Freundlich adsorption coefficient; its dimension is cm3 g-1 only if 1/n = 1; in all other cases, the slope 1/n is introduced in the dimension of KF
Freundlichov adsorpcijski koeficient; njegova dimenzija je cm3 g-1 samo pri 1/n = 1; v vseh drugih primerih se nagib 1/n vpelje v dimenziji KF
n regression constant; 1/n generally ranges between 0,7-1,0 indicating that sorption data is frequently slightly non-linear.
n regresijska konstanta; 1/n ima navadno vrednost med 0,7 in 1,0 in kaže na to, da so podatki o sorpciji pogosto rahlo nelinearni.
Equations (8) and (9) are plotted and the values of KF
Enačbi (8) in (9) se grafično prikažeta in vrednosti KF
and 1/n are calculated by regression analysis using the equation 9.
in 1/n se izračunajo z regresijsko analizo po enačbi 9.
The correlation coefficient r2 of the log equation is also calculated.
Izračuna se tudi korelacijski koeficient r2 logaritemske enačbe.
An example of such plots is given in Fig. 2.
Primer takih grafov na sliki 2.
Fig. 2 Freundlich Adsorption Plot, normal and linearised
Slika 2: Freundlichova adsorpcijska krivulja, normalna in linearizirana
Mass balance
Masna bilanca
The mass balance (MB) is defined as the percentage of substance which can be analytically recovered after an adsorption test versus the nominal amount of substance at the beginning of the test.
Masna bilanca (‚Mass balance MB) je opredeljena kot odstotek snovi, ki jo je mogoče analitično rekuperirati po preskusu adsorpcije, glede na nominalno količino snovi na začetku preskusa.
The treatment of data will differ if the solvent is completely miscible with water.
Obdelava podatkov je drugačna, če se topilo popolnoma meša z vodo.
In the case of water-miscible solvent, the treatment of data described under ‘Desorption’ may be applied to determine the amount of substance recovered by solvent extraction.
V primeru topila, ki se meša z vodo, se lahko za določitev količine snovi, rekuperirane z ekstrakcijo s topilom, uporabi obdelava podatkov, opisana pod ‚Desorpcija‘.
If the solvent is less miscible with water, the determination of the amount recovered has to be made.
Če se topilo manj meša z vodo, je treba določiti rekuperirano količino.
The mass balance MB for the adsorption is calculated as follows; it is assumed that the term (mE) corresponds to the sum of the test chemical masses extracted from the soil and surface of the test vessel with an organic solvent:
Masna bilanca (MB) za adsorpcijo se izračuna, kakor sledi; predpostavlja se, da izraz (mE) ustreza vsoti mas preskusnih kemikalij, ekstrahiranih iz tal in površin preskusne posode z organskim topilom:
MB mass balance (%);
MB masna bilanca (%),
total mass of test substance extracted from the soil and walls of the test vessel in two steps (μg);
skupna masa preskusne snovi, ekstrahirane iz tal in sten preskusne posode v dveh fazah (μg),
initial mass concentration of the test solution in contact with the soil (μg cm-3);
začetna masna koncentracija preskusne raztopine v stiku s tlemi (μg cm-3),
volume of the supernatant recovered after the adsorption equilibrium (cm-3).
prostornina supernatanta, rekuperiranega po adsorpcijskem ravnotežju (cm-3).
DESORPTION
DESORPCIJA
The desorption (D) is defined as the percentage of the test substance which is desorbed, related to the quantity of substance previously adsorbed, under the test conditions:
Desorpcija (D) je opredeljena kot odstotek desorbirane preskusne snovi glede na količino prej adsorbirane snovi v preskusnih pogojih:
desorption percentage at a time point ti(%);
odstotek desorpcije ob času ti(%);
mass of the test substance desorbed from soil at a time point ti (μg);
masa preskusne snovi, desorbirane s tal ob času ti (μg);
mass of the test substance adsorbed on soil at adsorption equilibrium (μg).
masa preskusne snovi, adsorbirane na tla ob adsorpcijskem ravnotežju (μg)
Detailed information on how to calculate the percentage of desorption Dti
Podrobne informacije o izračunavanju odstotka desorpcije Dti
The apparent desorption coefficient (Kdes) is, under the test conditions, the ratio between the content of the substance remaining in the soil phase and the mass concentration of the desorbed substance in the aqueous solution, when desorption equilibrium is reached:
Navidezni desorpscijski koeficient (Kdes) je v preskusnih pogojih razmerje med vsebnostjo snovi, ki ostane v talni fazi, in masno koncentracijo desorbirane snovi v vodni raztopini, ko je doseženo desorpcijsko ravnotežje:
desorption coefficient (cm3 g-1);
desorpscijski koeficient (cm3 g-1);
total mass of the test substance desorbed from soil at desorption equilibrium (μg);
skupna masa preskusne snovi, desorbirane ob desorpcijskem ravnotežju (μg);
total volume of the aqueous phase in contact with the soil during the desorption kinetics test (cm3).
skupna prostornina vodne faze v stiku s tlemi med preskusom kinetike desorpcije (cm3).
Guidance for calculating the maq
Navodila za izračun maq
is given in Appendix 5 under the heading ‘Desorption’.
so v dodatku 5 pod naslovom ‚Desorpcija‘.
If the adsorption test which was preceded, was performed with the parallel method the volume VT in the equation (12) is considered to be equal to V0.
Če je bil že opravljeni preskus adsorpcije izveden po paralelni metodi, velja, da je prostornina VT v enačbi 12 enaka Vo.
The Freundlich desorption isotherms equation relates the content of the test substance remaining adsorbed on the soil to the concentration of the test substance in solution at desorption equilibrium (equation 16).
Enačba Freundlichovih desorpcijskih izoterm odvisnost med vsebnostjo preskusne snovi, ki ostane adsorbirana na tleh, in koncentracijo preskusne snovi v raztopini ob desorpcij skem ravnotežju (enačba 16).
For each test tube, the content of the substance remaining adsorbed on soil at desorption equilibrium is calculated as follows:
Za vsako epruveto se vsebnost snovi, ki ostane adsorbirana na tleh ob desorpcij skem ravnotežju, izračuna, kakor sledi:
content of the test substance remaining adsorbed on the soil at desorption equilibrium (μg g-1);
vsebnost preskusne snovi, ki ostane adsorbirana na tla ob desorpcijskem ravnotežju (μg g-1);
mass of substance determined analytically in the aqueous phase at desorption equilibrium (μg);
masa snovi, določena analitsko v vodni fazi ob desorpcijskem ravnotežju (μg);
mass of the test substance left over from the adsorption equilibrium due to incomplete volume replacement (μg);
masa preskusne snovi, ki ostane od adsorpcijskega ravnotežja zaradi nepopolne nadomestitve prostornine (μg);
volume of the solution taken from the tube for the measurement of the test substance, at desorption equilibrium (cm3);
prostornina raztopine, vzete iz epruvete za meritev preskusne snovi ob desorpcijskem ravnotežju (cm3);
volume of the supernatant removed from the tube after the attainment of adsorption equilibrium and replaced by the same volume of a 0,01 M CaCl2 solution (cm3);
prostornina supernatanta, odstranjenega iz epruvete po vzpostavitvi adsorpcijskega ravnotežja in nadomeščenega z enako prostornino 0,01 M raztopine CaCl2 (cm3);
The Freundlich desorption equation is shown in (16):
Freundlichova desorpcijska enačba je (16):
Freundlich desorption coefficient;
Freundlichov desorpcijski koeficient;
n regression constant;
n regresijska konstanta;
mass concentration of the substance in the aqueous phase at desorption equilibrium (μg cm-3).
masna koncentracija snovi v vodni fazi ob desorpcijskem ravnotežju (μg cm-3).
The equations (16) and (17) can be plotted and the value of KF
Enačbi 16 in 17 se lahko prikažeta grafično in vrednosti KF
and 1/n are calculated by regression analysis using the equation 17.
in 1/n se izračunata z regresijsko analizo po enačbi 17.
if the Freundlich adsorption or desorption exponent 1/n is equal to 1, the Freundlich adsorption or desorption binding constant (KF
Če je Freundlichov adsorpcijski ali desorpcijski eksponent 1/n enak 1, bo Freundlichova ravnotežna konstanta adsorpcije ali desorpcije (vezalna konstanta) (KF
will be equal to the adsorption or desorption equilibrium constants (Kd and Kdes) respectively, and plots of Cs vs Caq will be linear.
naka konstanti adsorpcijskega ali desorpcijskega ravnotežja (Kd and Kdes), kot je primerno, grafi Cs v odvisnosti od Caq pa bodo linearni.
If the exponents are not equal to 1, plots of Cs vs Caq will be non-linear and the adsorption and desorption constants will vary along the isotherms.
Če eksponenti niso enaki 1, bodo grafični prikazi Cs v odvisnosti od Caq nelinearni, adsorpcijske in desorpcijske konstante pa se bodo spreminjale glede na izoterme.
complete identification of the soil samples used including,
popolno identifikacijo uporabljenih vzorcev tal, vključno z:
geographical reference of the site (latitude, longitude),
geografsko oznako mesta (zemljepisna širina, zemljepisna dolžina),
date of sampling,
datumom vzorčenja,
sand/silt/clay content;
globino vzorčenja,
pH values (in 0,01 M CaCl2),
vsebnostjo peska/mulja/gline, pH-vrednostmi (v 0,01 M CaCl2),
organic carbon content,
vsebnostjo organskega ogljika,
organic matter content,
vsebnostjo organskih snovi,
nitrogen content,
vsebnostjo dušika,
C/N ratio,
razmerjem C/N,
cation Exchange Capacity (mmol/kg),
kationsko izmenjalno kapaciteto (mmol/kg),
all information relating to the collection and storage of soil samples,
vsemi informacijami v zvezi z zbiranjem in shranjevanjem vzorcev tal,
where appropriate, all relevant information for the interpretation of the adsorption — desorption of the test substance,
kadar je primerno, vsemi relevantnimi informacijami za razlago adsorpcije/desorpcije preskusne snovi,
reference of the methods used for the determination of each parameter,
sklici na metode, uporabljene za določanje posameznih parametrov,
information on the test substance as appropriate,
informacije o preskusni snovi, kakor je primerno,
temperature of the experiments,
temperaturo preskusov,
centrifugation conditions,
pogoje centrifugiranja,
analytical procedure used to analyse the test substance,
analitski postopek, uporabljen za analiziranje preskusne snovi,
justification for any use of solubilising agent for the preparation of the stock solution of the test substance,
utemeljitev morebitne uporabe topila za pripravo osnovne raztopine preskusne snovi,
explanations of corrections made in the calculations, if relevant,
razlage popravkov izračunov, če je ustrezno,
data according to the form sheet (Appendix 6) and graphical presentations,
podatke v skladu z obrazcem (Dodatek 6) in grafične prikaze,
all information and observations helpful for the interpretation of the test results.
vse informacije in opažanja, koristne za razlago rezultatov preskusa.
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