natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The enclosure should be designed so that the doe can move to another compartment or raised area away from her pups after they have left the nest.
Ograjen prostor mora biti zasnovan tako, da se lahko samica kunca umakne stran od svojih mladičev, potem ko ti zapustijo gnezdo, v drug prostor ali na dvignjeno območje.
After weaning, the littermates should stay together in their breeding enclosure as long as possible.
Po odstavitvi morajo mladiči iz istega legla čim dlje ostati skupaj v ograjenem prostoru, v katerem so se skotili.
Up to eight littermates may be kept in the breeding enclosure from weaning until seven weeks old, and five littermates may be kept on the minimum floor area from eight to ten weeks of age.
V ograjenem prostoru, v katerem so se skotili, lahko od odstavitve do sedmega tedna starosti biva osem mladičev iz istega legla, pet mladičev, ki so stari od osem do deset tednov, pa lahko biva na najmanjši površini tal.
Table B.3.
Tabela B.3
Rabbits less than 10 weeks of age: Minimum enclosure dimensions and space allowances
Kunci, mlajši od 10 tednov: Najmanjše mere zaprtih prostorov in prostorske zmogljivosti
Minimum floor area per animal
Najmanjša površina tal na žival
Weaning to 7 weeks
Od odstavitve do 7 tednov
From 7 to 10 weeks
Od 7 do 10 tednov
Table B.4.
Tabela B.4
Rabbits: Optima dimensions for raised areas for enclosures having the dimensions indicated in Table B.1.
Kunci: Optimalne mere za dvignjena območja za zaprte prostore z merami iz tabele B.1
Age in Weeks
Starost v tednih
Final body weight
Končna telesna teža
Optimum size
Optimalna velikost
Optimum height from the enclosure floor (cm)
Optimalna višina od tal ograjenega prostora (cm)
less than 3
manj kot 3
Over 10
Več kot 10
To allow proper use of the raised area and of the enclosure as a whole the dimensions given above for the raised area size and height are optima, with very close minima and maxima (within 10 % of optimum size).
Da se dvignjeno območje in celoten ograjen prostor primerno uporabljata, so navedene mere za dvignjeno območje in višino optimalne, z najnižjo in najvišjo vrednostjo, ki se zelo malo razlikujeta (odstopanje za največ 10 % od optimalne velikosti).
If there are scientific or veterinary justifications for not providing a raised area then the floor area should be 33 % larger for a single rabbit and 60 % larger for two rabbits, to facilitate the rabbit's locomotor activities and to enhance the opportunity to escape from a more dominant animal.
Če obstajajo znanstveni ali veterinarski dokazi, da se ne zagotovi dvignjenega območja, mora biti ograjen prostor za 33 % večji za enega kunca in 60 % za dva kunca, da se spodbudi gibanje kuncev in okrepi možnost, da pobegnejo dominantnejši živali.
Where a raised area is provided for rabbits of less than 10 weeks of age, the optimum size of the raised area should be 55 × 25 cm and the height above the floor should be such that the animals can make use of it.
Kadar se zagotovi dvignjeno območje za kunce, ki so mlajši od 10 tednov, je optimalna velikost dvignjenega območja 55 × 25 cm, višina nad tlemi pa mora biti takšna, da jo živali lahko izkoristijo.
Wire floors should not be used without the provision of a resting area large enough to hold all the rabbits at any one time.
Žičnatih tal se ne sme uporabljati, če ni zagotovljenega prostora za počitek, ki je dovolj velik za vse kunce hkrati.
(See paragraph 4.9. of the General section)
(Glej odstavek 4.9 oddelka Splošno.)
(See paragraph 4.10. of the General section)
(Glej odstavek 4.10 oddelka Splošno.)
SPECIES-SPECIFIC GUIDELINES FOR CATS
SMERNICE ZA MAČKE
The domestic cat is derived from the solitary African wild cat (Felis silvestris libyca), but has a strong tendency to learn social behaviour.
Domača mačka izhaja iz samotarske afriške divje mačke (Felis silvestris libyca), vendar je močno nagnjena k temu, da se uči družbenega vedenja.
With appropriate socialisation provided at an early age, such behaviour can be expressed both to conspecifics and man.
Če se jim zelo zgodaj zagotovi primerna socializacija, se lahko tako vedenje izrazi znotraj vrste in v odnosu do ljudi.
Good social interaction with humans encourage suitable temperament for subsequent studies.
Ustrezni družbeni stiki z ljudmi spodbujajo normalen razvoj vedenja živali, kar je pomembno za poznejše študije.
However, as cats lack dominance hierarchies and appear to lack mechanisms for reconciliation post-conflict, forming social relationships may be stressful.
Ker mačke nimajo hierarhije dominantnosti in kot kaže tudi ne mehanizmov za spravo po konfliktu, je oblikovanje družbenih odnosov zanje lahko stresno.
Visible signs that cats are stressed are not as straightforward to interpret as are those in dogs.
Vidni znaki, da so mačke pod stresom, niso tako očitni kot pri psih.
As cats are territorial and become attached to particular locations they are likely to be stressed by relocation.
Ker se mačke navadijo na določeno območje in se navežejo na določene kraje, je zanje preselitev stresna.
Cats are excellent climbers and utilise raised structures (e.g. shelves) extensively, both as vantage points and, when housed in groups, to maintain a distance from other cats.
Mačke so odlične plezalke in veliko uporabljajo dvignjene strukture (npr. police) kot izhodiščne točke in da, ko so nameščene v skupinah, ohranijo razdaljo do drugih mačk.
Cats may be maintained within a wide temperature range provided that their welfare is not compromised.
Mačke lahko bivajo v širokem temperaturnem razponu, če ni ogroženo njihovo dobro počutje.
A temperature range of 15 oC to 21 oC should be maintained when precise control is required for cats under procedure (see paragraph 2.2.3 of the General Section).
Temperaturni razpon med 15 oC in 21 oC je treba ohranjati takrat, ko je zahtevan natančen nadzor nad mačkami v postopku (glej odstavek 2.2.3 oddelka Splošno).
As kittens have limited thermoregulatory control for around the first ten days of life, additional local heating should be provided during this period.
Ker imajo mačji mladiči prvih deset dni življenja omejen nadzor nad uravnavanjem temperature, je treba med tem obdobjem zagotoviti dodatno lokalno gretje.
It is considered unnecessary to control relative humidity, as cats can be exposed to wide fluctuations of ambient relative humidity without adverse effects.
Nadzor nad relativno vlažnostjo ni potreben, ker so mačke lahko izpostavljene visokim nihanjem vlažnosti v okolju, ne da bi jim to škodovalo.
Holding of cats under the natural twenty-four-hour light-dark cycle is acceptable.
Mačke lahko bivajo v okolju z naravnim štiriindvajseturnim ciklom svetlobe in teme.
Where the light part of the photoperiod is provided by artificial lighting, this should be within a range of ten to twelve hours daily.
V primeru uporabe umetne razsvetljave je to mogoče uporabljati od deset do dvanajst ur na dan.
If natural light is totally excluded, low level night lighting (5 to 10 lux) should be provided to allow cats to retain some vision and to take account of their startle reflex.
Če je naravna svetloba povsem izključena, je treba ponoči zagotoviti blago svetlobo (od 5 do 10 luksov), da lahko mačke vidijo in ohranijo obrambne reflekse.
Female cats and neutered cats of both sexes are generally sociable and are commonly held in groups of up to twelve.
Mačje samice in kastrirane/sterilizirane mačke obeh spolov so ponavadi družabne in običajno nameščene v skupinah do dvanajst mačk.
However, the establishment of groups of two or more such cats requires careful monitoring of the compatibility of all individuals in the group.
Vendar če naredimo skupine iz dveh ali več takih mačk, je treba natančno spremljati, ali so posamezne mačke v skupini združljive.
Special care is needed when regrouping cats, introducing an unfamiliar cat to a group, housing un-neutered males in a group or maintaining cats in larger groups.
Posebno je treba paziti pri ponovnem oblikovanju skupin mačk, vključevanju nove mačke v skupino, namestitvi nekastriranih samcev v skupino ali ohranjanju mačk v večjih skupinah.
Where cats are normally group-housed, single-housing may be a significant stress factor.
Ločevanje živali, ki so običajno nastanjene v skupinah, je lahko precejšen stresni dejavnik.
Therefore, cats should not be single-housed for more than twenty-four hours without justification on veterinary or welfare grounds.
Zato mačke ne smejo biti nameščene v ločena bivališča dlje kot štiriindvajset ur, če to ni upravičeno zaradi veterinarskega stališča ali zaradi dobrega počutja.
Single housing for more than twenty-four hours on experimental grounds should be determined in consultation with the animal technician and with the competent person charged with advisory duties in relation to the well-being of the animals.
Posamezno nameščanje zaradi poskusov, ki traja dlje kot štiriindvajset ur, se mora izvesti po posvetovanju z zootehnikom in pristojno osebo, odgovorno za svetovanje v zvezi z dobrim počutjem živali.
Cats which are repeatedly aggressive towards other cats should be housed singly only if a compatible companion cannot be found.
Mačke, ki večkrat napadejo druge mačke, je treba namestiti v ločeno bivališče samo, če jim ni mogoče najti primerne družbe.
Social stress in all pair- or group-housed individuals should be monitored at least weekly using an established behavioural and/or physiological stress scoring system.
Vsaj enkrat na teden je treba pri vseh posameznikih, ki so nameščeni v parih ali v skupini, spremljati družbeni stres z uporabo uveljavljenega vedenjskega in/ali psihološkega točkovnega sistema za stres.
This is especially important for un-neutered males.
To je pomembno zlasti za nekastrirane samce.
Females with kittens under four weeks of age or in the last two weeks of pregnancy may be housed singly.
Samice z mladiči, ki so mlajši od štirih tednov, ali samice v zadnjih dveh tednih brejosti se lahko namesti ločeno.
During this time, consideration should also be given to allowing females which are normally group-housed to have access to their group e.g. by connecting kittening enclosures to the group housing animal enclosures.
Med tem časom je treba upoštevati tudi možnost, da se samicam, ki so ponavadi nameščene v skupini, omogoči dostop do njihove skupine, na primer s povezavo ograjenih prostorov za mladiče z ograjenimi prostori, v katerih bivajo živali v skupini.
The development of social behaviour in cats is profoundly affected by social experience between two and eight weeks of age.
Na razvoj družbenega vedenja pri mačkah zelo vplivajo družbene izkušnje med dvema in osmimi tedni starosti.
During this period it is particularly important that the cat has social contacts with other cats (e.g. litter mates) and with humans and is familiarised with environmental conditions likely to be encountered during subsequent use.
V tem obdobju je predvsem pomembno, da ima mačka družbene stike z drugimi mačkami (npr. mačkami iz istega legla) in z ljudmi ter je seznanjena z okoljskimi razmerami, s katerimi se bo srečala v nadaljnjem življenju.
Daily handling during this sensitive stage of development is a prerequisite for the social behaviour of the adult cat and it has been shown that a short period of handling even on the first day after birth is of importance as the young animals are already able to respond to scent and tactile stimulation.
Vsakodnevna oskrba med to občutljivo stopnjo razvoja je pogoj za družbeno vedenje odrasle mačke in izkazalo se je, da je pomembno tudi kratko obdobje oskrbe od prvega dne po rojstvu naprej, ker se mladiči že lahko odzivajo na dražljaje vonja in dotika.
All cats should have a period of play and general social interactions with humans on a daily basis, plus additional time for regular grooming.
Vse mačke morajo vsak dan imeti čas za igranje in družbene stike z ljudmi ter dodaten čas za redno nego.
Particular attention should be paid to social enrichment for single-housed cats by providing additional human contact.
Mačkam, ki so nameščene same, je treba zagotoviti družbeno obogatitev, tako da se zagotovi dodaten stik s človekom.
Raised, part-enclosed structures should be provided (e.g. a bed with three walls and a roof on a shelf approximately one metre off the floor) to give the cats a view of their surroundings and, if pair- or group-housed, the opportunity to maintain a comfortable distance from other cats.There should be a sufficient number of these structures to minimise competition.
Zagotoviti je treba dvignjene, delno zaprte strukture (npr. ležišče s tremi stenami in streho na polici, približno en meter nad tlemi), da imajo mačke razgled na okolico in da imajo možnost, če so nameščene v paru ali skupini, ohraniti primerno razdaljo do drugih mačk. Zagotoviti je treba dovolj teh struktur, da se zmanjša tekmovalnost.
Structures should be distributed within the enclosure so that animals can fully use the space available.
Strukture morajo biti porazdeljene znotraj ograjenega prostora, da lahko živali v celoti izkoristijo prostor, ki ga imajo na voljo.
There should also be provision for the cats to seek refuge and privacy within their own enclosure and, in particular, away from the sight of cats in other enclosures.
Prav tako mora biti poskrbljeno za mačke, ki iščejo zatočišče in zasebnost znotraj svojega ograjenega prostora ter zlasti zunaj vidnega polja mačk v drugih ograjenih prostorih.
Vertical wooden surfaces should be provided to allow claw-sharpening and scent-marking.
Zagotoviti je treba vodoravne lesene površine za brušenje krempljev in označevanje z vonjem.
Outside runs provide an environmental enrichment opportunity for cats in both breeding and user establishments and should be provided where possible.
Zunanje ograde zagotavljajo okoljsko obogatitev za mačke v rejnih enotah in enotah za uporabnike ter jih je treba zagotoviti, kjer je to mogoče.
Pseudo-predatory and play behaviour should be encouraged.
Spodbujati je treba psevdo-roparsko vedenje in igro.
A selection of toys should be available and these should be changed on a regular basis in order to ensure ongoing stimulation and avoid familiarity, which decreases the motivation to play.
Zagotoviti je treba izbiro igrač, ki jih je treba redno menjavati, da se zagotovi nenehno spodbujanje in izogne intimnosti, ki zmanjšuje motivacijo za igro.
Enclosures, including the divisions between enclosures, should provide a robust and easy to clean environment for the cats.
Ograjeni prostori, vključno s pregradami med prostori, morajo zagotoviti stabilno okolje za mačke, ki ga je mogoče brez težav očistiti.
Their design and construction should seek to provide an open and light facility giving the cats comprehensive sight outside of their enclosure.
Pri njihovi zasnovi in konstrukciji si je treba prizadevati za odprt in lahek objekt, ki mačkam omogoča pogled na območje zunaj njihovega ograjenega prostora.
Table C.1.
Tabela C.1
Cats: Minimum enclosure dimensions and space allowances
Mačke: Najmanjše mere ograjenih prostorov in prostorske zmogljivosti
Floor [6](m2)
Tla [6](m2)
Minimum for one adult animal
Najmanjša mera za eno odraslo žival
For each additional animal add
Za vsako dodatno žival je treba dodati
The minimum space in which a queen and litter may be held is the space for a single cat, which should be gradually increased so that by four months of age litters have been re-housed to follow the above space requirements for adults.
Najmanjši prostor, v katerega lahko namestimo mater in mladiče, je prostor za eno mačko, ki ga je treba postopoma povečevati, mladiče po četrtem mesecu starosti pa je treba premestiti in upoštevati zgoraj navedene prostorske zahteve za odrasle živali.
The normal age for weaning is seven to nine weeks.
Običajna starost za odstavitev mladičev je sedem do devet tednov.
Cats should never be forced to spend their entire lives outside and should always have access to an internal enclosure that meets all standards, including the minimum dimensions, detailed in these guidelines.
Mačk se ne sme prisiliti, da preživijo vse življenje na odprtem in morajo vedno imeti dostop do notranjih ograjenih prostorov, ki ustrezajo vsem standardom, ki so podrobno opisani v teh smernicah, vključno z najmanjšimi merami.
Areas for feeding and for litter trays should be not less than 0.5 metres apart and should not be interchanged.
Območja za hranjenje in podloge s steljo ne smejo biti med seboj oddaljene več kot 0,5 m in se jih ne sme zamenjevati.
Constraint in a space below the minimum requirement detailed above, such as in a metabolism cage or any similar type of housing for scientific purposes, may severely compromise the welfare of the animals.
Omejevanje v prostore, ki so manjši od navedenih prostorskih zahtev, kot so na primer metabolne kletke ali kakršna koli druga vrsta prostora za znanstvene namene, lahko resno ogrozi dobro počutje živali.
Such constraint should be for the minimum time and within a space that is as close as possible to that defined above and no less than that required for the animal to stretch fully horizontally and vertically, to lie down and turn around.
Taka omejitev mora biti čim krajša in mora vključevati prostor, ki je po velikosti čim bolj podoben zgoraj opredeljenemu prostoru in ne manjši od prostora, ki ga žival potrebuje, da se v celoti raztegne, uleže in obrne.
The preferred flooring for cat enclosures is a solid continuous floor with a smooth non-slip finish.
Najboljša tla za ograjene prostore za mačke so trdna, neprekinjena tla z gladko, nedrsečo prevleko.
Additional enclosure furniture should provide all cats with a comfortable resting place.
Dodatna oprema v ograjenem prostoru mora vsem mačkam zagotavljati udoben prostor za počitek.
Open flooring systems such as grids or mesh should not be used for cats.
Odprta tla, kot so tla z rešetkami ali mrežo, se za mačke ne smejo uporabljati.
Where there is a justification for open flooring, great care should be taken in their design and construction in order to avoid pain, injury or disease and to allow the animals to manifest normal behaviours.
Kadar so odprta tla upravičena, je potrebna posebna pozornost pri njihovi zasnovi in konstrukciji, da se prepreči bolečina, poškodba ali bolezni živali ter se jim omogoči običajno vedenje.
Practical experience shows that metabolism cages are not always necessary as cat's urine and faeces can be collected directly from litter trays.
Praktične izkušnje kažejo, da metabolne kletke niso vedno potrebne, ker se lahko mačji urin in iztrebki poberejo neposredno iz podloge s steljo.
The quality and finish of the floor of an outside run need not be to the standard of the inside enclosure, providing it is easy to clean and not physically injurious to the cats.
Ni treba, da kakovost in prevleka tal v zunanjih ogradah ustrezata standardom, ki veljajo za notranje prostore, če je tla mogoče brez težav očistiti in niso fizično nevarna za mačke.
At least one litter tray of minimum dimension 300 × 400 mm should be provided for every two cats and should contain a suitable absorbent and non-toxic litter or substrate material that is acceptable to and used by the cats.
Zagotoviti je treba vsaj eno podlogo s steljo mer najmanj 300 × 400 mm za vsaki dve mački, ki mora vsebovati vpojno sredstvo in nestrupeno steljo ali podlago, ki je za mačke sprejemljiva in jo uporabljajo.
If urine and faeces are regularly deposited outside the trays, additional trays containing alternative substrates should be provided.
Če so urin in iztrebki redno zunaj podlog, je treba zagotoviti dodatne podloge, ki vsebujejo druge substrate.
If this is ineffective in pair- or group-housed cats, social incompatibility is indicated and cats should be removed from the group one at a time until the problem is resolved.
Če to v skupinah, v katerih sta dve mački ali več, ni učinkovito, to pomeni družbeno neskladnost, zato je treba vsako mačko posebej odstraniti iz skupine, dokler se težava ne reši.
Sufficient beds should be provided for all cats and should be made of a suitable easy to clean material.
Za vse mačke je treba zagotoviti primerna ležišča, ki morajo biti narejena iz ustreznega materiala, ki se brez težav čisti.
These beds should contain bedding material such as polyester fleece or similar bedding material.
Ta ležišča morajo vsebovati material, kot je umetna volna, ali podoben material.
Each occupied enclosure should be cleaned at least daily; Litter trays should be emptied daily and litter material replaced.
Vsak zaseden ograjen prostor je treba čistiti vsaj enkrat na dan. Podloge s steljo je treba izprazniti vsak dan, material za steljo pa zamenjati.
Cleaning of enclosures should not result in cats becoming wet.
Pri čiščenju ograjenih prostorov se mačk ne sme zmočiti.
When enclosures are hosed down, the cats should be removed from the enclosure to a dry place and returned only when it is reasonably dry.
Med izpiranjem ograjenih prostorov je treba mačke preseliti iz prostora na suho mesto in jih vrniti, ko je prostor primerno suh.
For cats, close contact with the persons caring for them is crucial, especially for single-housed cats.
Za mačke je bistvenega pomena tesen stik z osebami, ki zanje skrbijo, predvsem za mačke, ki so nameščene same.
SPECIES-SPECIFIC GUIDELINES FOR DOGS
SMERNICE ZA PSE
The domestic dog (Canis familiaris) is an inquisitive and highly social animal which actively seeks information about its surroundings, reflecting the behaviour of its ancestors in the wolf family.
Domači pes (Canis familiaris) je radovedna in zelo družabna žival, ki dejavno išče informacije o svojem okolju in kaže vedenje svojih prednikov iz družine volkov.
Although much of the day is spent resting, the dog requires a complex physical and social environment during the active phase.
Čeprav večino dneva počiva, pes v dejavni fazi potrebuje kompleksno fizično in družbeno okolje.
Bitches seek solitude in a quiet area for parturition and rearing of young.
Psice si za kotitev in vzgojo mladičev iščejo samoten prostor.
As aggression is a significant risk, care is needed to maintain dogs in socially harmonious groups.
Ker obstaja resno tveganje za napadalnost, je treba poskrbeti, da so psi nameščeni v skupinah, v katerih se med seboj dobro razumejo.
The recommendations provided are for the beagle, the most commonly used breed.
Navedena priporočila veljajo za pasmo beagle, ki se najpogosteje uporablja.
Account should be taken of individual breed characteristics if other breeds are used.
Če se uporabljajo druge pasme, je treba upoštevati značilnosti tiste pasme.
(See paragraph 2.1 of the General section)
(Glej odstavek 2.1 oddelka Splošno.)
Dogs may be maintained within a wide temperature range provided that their welfare is not compromised.
Psi lahko bivajo v širokem temperaturnem razponu, če ni ogroženo njihovo dobro počutje.
A temperature range of 15 oC to 21 oC should be maintained when precise control is required for dogs under procedure (see paragraph 2.2.3 of the General Section).
Temperaturni razpon med 15 oC in 21 oC je treba ohranjati takrat, ko je zahtevan natančen nadzor nad psi v postopku (glej odstavek 2.2.3 oddelka Splošno).
As puppies have limited thermoregulatory control in the first ten days or so of life, additional local heating should be provided within the whelping enclosure.
Ker imajo mladiči približno prvih deset dni življenja omejen nadzor nad uravnavanjem temperature, je treba v ograjenem prostoru za kotitev zagotoviti dodatno lokalno gretje.
It is considered unnecessary to control relative humidity, as dogs can be exposed to wide fluctuations of ambient relative humidity without adverse effects.
Nadzor nad relativno vlažnostjo ni potreben, ker so psi lahko izpostavljeni visokim nihanjem vlažnosti v okolju, ne da bi jim to škodovalo.
The holding of dogs under the natural twenty-four-hour light-dark cycle is acceptable.
Psi lahko bivajo v okolju z naravnim štiriindvajseturnim ciklom svetlobe in teme.
If natural light is totally excluded, low-level night lighting (5 to 10 lux) should be provided to allow dogs to retain some vision and to take account of their startle reflex.
Če je naravna svetloba povsem izključena, je treba ponoči zagotoviti blago svetlobo (od 5 do 10 luksov), da lahko psi vidijo in ohranijo obrambne reflekse.