natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Particulate matter
Trdni delci
Total organic carbon
Skupni organski ogljik
Unionised ammonia
Neionizirani amoniak
Residual chlorine
Klor v sledeh
Total organophosphorus pesticides
Skupni organofosforni pesticidi
Total organochorine pesticides plus polychlorinated biphenyls
Skupni organoklorovi pesticidi s polikloriranimi bifenili
Total organic chlorine
Skupna količina organskega klora
EXAMPLES OF SUITABLE RECONSTITUTED TEST WATER
PRIMERI PRIMERNE OBDELANE PRESKUSNE VODE
ISO Test water (1)
Preskusna voda ISO (1)
Stock solutions (single substance)
Osnovne raztopine (ena snov)
To prepare the reconstituted water, add the following volumes of stock solutions to 1 litre water [1]
Za pripravo obdelane vode se doda naslednje količine osnovnih raztopin v 1 litru vode [1]
Amount added to 1 litre water [1]
Količina dodana v 1 liter vode [1]
Magnesium sulfate
Magnezijev sulfat
Sodium bicarbonate
Natrijev hidrogenkarbonat
Elendt M7 and M4 medium
Medija Elendt M7 in M4
Acclimation to Elendt M4 and M7 medium
Aklimatizacija na medija Elendt M4 in M7
Some laboratories have experienced difficulty in directly transferring Daphnia to M4 and M7 media.
Nekateri laboratoriji so imeli težave pri neposrednem prenosu vodnih bolh v medija M4 in M7.
However, some success has been achieved with gradual acclimation, i.e. moving from own medium to 30 % Elendt, then to 60 % Elendt and then to 100 % Elendt.
Vendar so težavo z določenim uspehom rešili s postopno aklimatizacijo, t.j. prenašanjem iz lastnega medija v 30-odsotni medij Elendt, nato v 60-odstotni in nato v 100-odstotni medij Elendt.
The acclimation periods may need to be as long as one month.
Aklimatizacijsko obdobje lahko traja do enega meseca.
Trace element
Elementi v sledeh
Separate stock solutions (I) of individual trace elements are first prepared in water of suitable purity, e.g. deionised, distilled or reverse osmosis.
Ločene osnovne raztopine (I) posameznih elementov v sledeh se najprej pripravijo z vodo primerne čistosti, npr. deionizirano, destilirano ali pridobljeno z vzvratno osmozo.
From these different stock solutions (I) a second single stock solution (II) is prepared, which contains all trace elements (combined solution), i.e.:
Iz teh različnih osnovnih raztopin (I) se pripravi druga osnovna raztopina (II), ki vsebuje vse elemente v sledeh (kombinirana raztopina), t.j.:
Stock solution(s) I (single substance)
Osnovna(-e) raztopina(-e) I (ena snov)
Amount added to water (mg/l)
Količina, dodana vodi (mg/l)
Concentration (related to medium M4)
Koncentracija (glede na medij M4)
To prepare the combined stock solution II, add the following amount of stock solution I to water (ml/l)
Za pripravo kombinirane osnovne raztopine II se doda naslednje količine osnovne raztopine I vodi (ml/l)
Both Na 2 EDTA and FeSO4 solutions are prepared singly, poured together and autoclaved immediately.
Raztopini Na2EDTA in FeSO4 se pripravita ločeno, zlijeta skupaj in nato nemudoma avtoklavirata.
This gives:
Pri tem nastane:
2 l Fe-EDTA solution
Raztopina 2 l Fe-EDTA
and M7 media
Medija M4 in M7
and M7 media are prepared using stock solution II, the macro-nutrients and vitamin as follows:
Medija M4 in M7 se pripravita iz osnovne raztopine II, makrohranil in vitaminov po naslednjem postopku:
Amount of stock solution II added to prepare medium (ml/l)
Količina osnovne raztopine II, dodana za prip ravo medija (ml/l)
Stock solution II (combined trace elements)
Osnovna raztopina II (kombinirani elementi v sledeh)
Macro nutrient stock solutions (single substance)
Osnovne raztopine makrohranil (ena snov)
Combined Vitamin stock
Kombinirana osnova vitaminov
The combined vitamin stock solution is prepared by adding the 3 vitamin to 1 litre water, as shown below:
Kombinirano osnovno raztopino vitaminov pripravimo z dodatkom treh vitaminov v 1 liter vode, kakor je prikazano spodaj:
Cyanocobalamine (B12)
Cianokobalamin (B12)
The combined vitamin stock is stored frozen in small aliquots.
Kombinirano osnovno raztopino vitaminov hranimo zamrznjeno v majhnih alikvotih.
Vitamins are added to the media shortly before use. N.B
Vitamini se dodajo medijem neposredno pred uporabo.
to avoid precipitation of salts when preparing the complete media, add the aliquots of stock solutions to about 500-800 ml deionised water and then fill up to 1 litre. N.B
Opomba Da preprečimo obarjanje soli pri pripravi popolnega medija, dodajamo alikvote osnovnih raztopin v približno 500–800 ml deionizirane vode, ki jo dopolnimo do 1 litra.
the first publication of the M4 medium can be found in Elendt, B. P. (1990).
Opomba Prvi opis medija M4 je objavljen v Elendt, B. P. (1990).
Water of suitable purity, e.g. deionised, distilled or reverse osmosis with conductivity preferably not exceeding 10 μS.cm-1.
Voda primerne čistosti, npr. deionizirana, destilirana ali pridobljena z vzvratno osmozo, ki ne presega 10 μS.cm-1.
The purpose of this test is to determine the effects of a substance on the growth of a unicellular green algal species.
Namen tega preskusa je določiti učinke snovi na rast enoceličnih zelenih alg.
Relatively brief (72 hours) tests can assess effects over several generations.
Z relativno kratkimi (72 ur) preskusi se lahko ocenijo učinki prek več generacij.
This method can be adapted for use with several unicellular algal species, in which case a description of the method used must be provided with the test report.
Ta metoda se lahko prilagodi za uporabo več različnih vrst enoceličnih alg, pri čemer je treba v poročilu o preskusu opisati uporabljeno metodo.
This method is most easily applied to water-soluble substances which, under the conditions of the test, are likely to remain in the water.
Ta metoda se najlaže uporabi pri vodotopnih snoveh, za katere je verjetno, da bodo v pogojih preskusa ostale v vodi.
The method can be used for substances that do not interfere directly with the measurement of algal growth.
Metoda se lahko uporabi za snovi, ki neposredno ne motijo merjenja rasti alg.
It is desirable to have, as far as possible, information on the water solubility, vapour pressure, chemical stability, dissociation constants and biodegradability of the substance before starting the test.
Zaželeno je, da je pred začetkom preskusa na voljo čim več informacij o topnosti v vodi, parnem tlaku, kemični stabilnosti, disociacijski konstanti in biorazgradljivosti preskusne snovi.
Additional information (for instance structural formula, degree of purity, nature and percentage of significant impurities, presence and amount of additives, and n-octanol/water partition coefficient) should be taken into consideration in both the planning of the test and interpretation of the results.
Pri načrtovanju preskusa in pri razlagi rezultatov je treba upoštevati tudi dodatne informacije (na primer strukturno formulo, stopnjo čistosti, vrsto in odstotek bistvenih nečistot, prisotnost in količino dodatkov ter porazdelitveni koeficient n-oktanol/voda).
Cell density: the number of cells per millilitre.
Gostota celic: število celic na mililiter;
Growth: the increase in cell density over the test period.
Rast: povečanje gostote celic v času preskusa;
Growth rate: the increase in cell density per unit time.
Hitrost rasti: povečanje gostote celic na enoto časa;
in this method, that concentration of test substance which results in a 50 % reduction in either growth (EbC50) or growth rate (ErC50) relative to the control.
EC50: pri tej metodi je to tista koncentracija preskusne snovi, ki povzroči 50-odstotno zmanjšanje bodisi rasti (EbC50) bodisi hitrosti rasti (ErC50) glede na kontrolni vzorec;
NOEC (no observed effect concentration): in this method, the highest tested concentration at which no significant inhibition of growth is observed relative to the control.
NOEC (koncentracija brez opaznega učinka): pri tej metodi je to največja preskušena koncentracija, pri kateri ni opaziti pomembnega zaviranja rasti glede na kontrolni vzorec.
They may also be expressed as weight by weight (mg./kg-1).
Lahko se izrazijo tudi v masi na maso (mg.kg-1).
A reference substance may be tested as a means of demonstrating that under the laboratory test conditions the sensitivity of the test species has not changed significantly.
Za dokazovanje, da se občutljivost preskusne vrste v laboratorijskih preskusnih pogojih ni bistveno spremenila, se lahko preskusi referenčna snov.
If a reference substance is used, the results should be given in the test report.
Če se uporabi referenčna snov, je treba rezultate navesti v poročilu o preskusu.
Potassium dichromate can be used as a reference substance, but its colour may affect the light quality and intensity avai1able to the cells and also the spectrophotometric determinations if used.
Kot referenčna snov se lahko uporabi kalijev dikromat, vendar njegova barva lahko vpliva na kakovost in jakost svetlobe, ki je na voljo celicam, ter na spektrofotometrično določanje, če se uporabi.
Potassium dichromate has been used in an international inter-laboratory test (see ref. (3) and Appendix 2).
Kalijev dikromat je bil uporabljen v mednarodni medlaboratorijski primerjavi (glej vir (3) in Dodatek 2).
A limit test may be performed at 100 mg per litre in order to demonstrate that the EC50 is greater than this concentration.
Lahko se izvede mejni preskus s 100 mg na liter, v dokaz, da je EC50 večji od te koncentracije.
Exponentially-growing cultures of selected green algae are exposed to various concentrations of the test substance over several generations under defined conditions.
Kulture izbranih zelenih alg v eksponentni fazi rasti se izpostavijo različnim koncentracijam preskusne snovi za čas več generacij v natančno določenih pogojih.
The test solutions are incubated for a period of 72 hours, during which the cell density in each solution is measured at least every 24 hours.
Preskusne raztopine se inkubirajo 72 ur in v tem času se najmanj vsakih 24 ur izmeri gostota celic v vsaki raztopini.
The inhibition of growth in relation to a control culture is determined.
Določi se zaviranje rasti glede na kontrolno kulturo.
The cell density in the control cultures should have increased by a factor of at least 16 within three days.
Gostota celic v kontrolnih kulturah se mora v treh dneh povečati najmanj za faktor 16.
The concentrations of the test substance shall be maintained to within 80 % of the initial concentrations/throughout a time corresponding to the duration of the test.
Ves čas preskusa se koncentracije preskusne snovi vzdržujejo v mejah 80 % začetnih koncentracij.
the initial concentration shall be taken as the concentration measured at the start of the test.
se šteje, da je začetna koncentracija koncentracija, izmerjena na začetku preskusa.
The concentration shall be determined after a period of equilibration.
Koncentracija se določi po vzpostavitvi ravnotežja.
It is recognised that significant amounts of the test substance may be incorporated into the algal biomass during the period of the test.
Znano je, da se v času preskusa v biomaso alg lahko vgradi znatna količina preskusne snovi.
Therefore, for the purpose of demonstrating compliance with the above quality criteria, both the amount of the substance incorporated into the algal biomass and the substance in solution (or, if not technically possible measured in the water column) should be taken into account.
Zato je treba pri dokazovanju izpolnjevanja zgoraj navedenih meril kakovosti upoštevati količino snovi, vgrajene v biomaso alg, in količino snovi v raztopini (ali, če to ni tehnično izvedljivo, izmerjeno v vodnem stolpcu).
However, as determination of the substance concentration in the algal biomass may pose significant technical problems, compliance with the quality criteria may be demonstrated by running a test vessel at the highest substance concentration but without algae and measuring concentrations in solution (or, if not technically possible in the water column) at the beginning and at the end of the test period.
Ker pa določanje koncentracije snovi v biomasi alg lahko predstavlja znatne tehnične težave, se izpolnjevanje meril kakovosti lahko dokaže s preskusom v dodatni posodi z največjo koncentracijo snovi, vendar brez alg, in merjenjem koncentracije raztopine (ali, če to ni tehnično izvedljivo, v vodnem stolpcu) na začetku in na koncu preskusa.
DESCRIPTION OF THE TEST PROCEDURE
OPIS PRESKUSNEGA POSTOPKA
The chosen test concentrations are prepared by adding suitable aliquots to algal pre-cultures (see Appendix 1).
Raztopine izbranih preskusnih koncentracij se pripravijo z dodajanjem ustreznih alikvotov predkulturam alg (glej Dodatek 1).
Substances should normally only be tested up to the limit of solubility.
Običajno je treba snovi preskusiti le do meje topnosti.
For some substances (e.g. substances having low solubility in water, or high Pow or those forming stable dispersion rather than true solution in water), it is acceptable to run a test concentration above the solubility limit of the substance to ensure that the maximum soluble stable concentration has been obtained.
Pri nekaterih snoveh (npr. snoveh, ki so slabo topne v vodi ali imajo visok Pow, ali tistih, ki v vodi tvorijo stabilne disperzije in ne pravih raztopin) je sprejemljivo izvesti preskus pri koncentraciji nad mejo topnosti, da se zagotovi doseganje največje topne/stabilne koncentracije.
When such auxiliary substances are used, all test concentrations should contain the same amount of auxiliary substances, and additional controls should be exposed to the same concentration of the auxiliary substance as that used in the test series.
Kadar se uporabijo take pomožne snovi, morajo preskusne raztopine vseh koncentracij vsebovati enako količino pomožnih snovi in dodatne kontrolne kulture je treba izpostaviti enaki koncentraciji pomožne snovi, kakor je uporabljena v preskusnih kulturah.
In that case, the pH value of the stock solution should be adjusted to the pH value of the solution water unless there are specific reasons not to do so.
V tem primeru je treba pH vrednost osnovne raztopine uravnati na pH vrednost vode za redčenje, razen če obstajajo posebni razlogi, da se to ne stori.
Test medium
Preskusni medij
The water should be good-quality distilled water, or deionised water with a conductivity less than 5 μS.cm-1.
Voda mora biti destilirana voda dobre kakovosti ali deionizirana voda s prevodnostjo pod 5 μS.cm-1.
The apparatus for distillation of water must not contain any part made of copper.
Aparatura za destilacijo vode ne sme vsebovati bakrenih delov.
The following medium is recommended.
Priporoča se naslednji medij.
Four stock solutions are prepared, according to the following table.
Pripravijo se štiri osnovne raztopine v skladu s spodnjo tabelo.
The stock solutions are sterilised by membrane filtration or by autoclaving, and stored in the dark at 4 oC.
Osnovne raztopine se sterilizirajo z membransko filtracijo ali avtoklaviranjem in shranijo v temi pri 4 oC.
Stock solution No 4 should be sterilised only by membrane filtration.
Osnovna raztopina št. 4 se sterilizira le z membransko filtracijo.
These stock solutions are diluted to achieve the final nutrient concentrations in the test solutions.
Te osnovne raztopine se razredčijo, tako da se doseže končna koncentracija hranil v preskusnih raztopinah.
Concentration in the stock solution
Koncentracija v osnovni raztopini
Final concentration in the test solution
Končna koncentracija v preskusni raztopini
Stock solution 1: macro-nutrients
Osnovna raztopina 1: glavna hranila
Stock solution 2: Fe-EDTA
Osnovna raztopina 2: Fe-EDTA
Stock solution 3: trace elements
Osnovna raztopina 3: elementi v sledeh
3 × 10-3 mg/l
3 × 10-3 mg/l
1,5 × 10-3 mg/l
1,5 × 10-3 mg/l
Stock solution 4: NaHCO3
Osnovna raztopina 4: NaHCO3
The pH of the medium after equilibration with air is approximately 8.
Vrednost pH medija po uravnoteženju z zrakom je približno 8.
Normal laboratory equipment.
Običajna laboratorijska oprema,
test flasks of suitable volume (e.g. 250 ml conical flasks are suitable when the volume of the test solution is 100 ml).
Preskusne bučke primernega volumna (npr. 250 ml-erlenmajerice so primerne za preskusne raztopine z volumnom 100 ml).
All test flasks should be identical as regards to material and dimensions,
Vse preskusne bučke morajo biti iz enakega materiala in enakih dimenzij.
culturing apparatus: cabinet or chamber in which a temperature in the range 21 oC to 25 oC can be maintained at ± 2 oC, and continuous uniform illumination provided in the spectral range 400 to 700 nm.
Inkubator za kultiviranje: omara ali komora, v kateri se lahko vzdržuje temperatura med 21 in 25 oC na ± 2 oC natančno in zagotavlja stalna enakomerna osvetlitev med 400 in 700 nm.
If algae in control cultures have achieved the recommended growth rates, it can be assumed that the conditions for growth, including light intensity, have been adequate.
Če so alge v kontrolnih kulturah dosegle priporočeno hitrost rasti, se lahko domneva, da so bili pogoji za rast, vključno z jakostjo svetlobe, zadovoljivi.
It is recommended to use, at the average level of the test solutions, a light intensity in the range 60 to 120 μE.m- 2.s-1 (35 to 70 × 1018 photons.m- 2.s-1) when measured in the range 400 to 700 nm using an appropriate receptor.
Pri povprečnih koncentracijah preskusnih raztopin se priporoča uporaba svetlobe jakosti med 60 do 120 μE.m- 2.s-1 (35 to 70 x 1018 fotonov.m-2.s-1), merjeno v območju 400 do 700 nm z ustreznim detektorjem.
For light measuring instruments calibrated in lux, an equivalent range of 6000 to 10000 lx is acceptable.
Pri merilnikih svetlobe, umerjenih v luksih, je sprejemljivo enakovredno območje 6000 to 10000 lx.
The light intensity could be obtained using four to seven 30 W fluorescent lamps of the universal white type (colour temperature of approximately 4300 K), at a distance of 0,35 m from the algal culture,
Taka jakost svetlobe se lahko doseže s štirimi do sedmimi univerzalnimi belimi (barvna temperatura približno 4300 K) fluorescenčnimi žarnicami po 30 W na razdalji 0,35 m od kulture alg.
Cell density measurements should be made using a direct counting method of living cells, e.g. a microscope with counting chambers.
Gostota celic se meri po metodi neposrednega štetja živih celic, npr. Pod mikroskopom s števnimi komorami.
However, other procedures (photometry, turbidimetry, ...) may be used if sufficiently sensitive and if shown to be sufficiently well correlated with cell density.
Lahko se uporabijo tudi drugi postopki (fotometrija, turbimetrija), če so dovolj občutljivi in je dokazana zadovoljiva soodvisnost z gostoto celic.
Test organisms
Preskusni organizmi
It is suggested that the species of green algae used be a fast-growing species that is convenient for culturing and testing.
Predlaga se, da se izbere taka vrsta zelenih alg, ki hitro raste in je pripravna za kultiviranje in preskušanje.
The following species are preferred:
Prednost imajo naslednje vrste:
Selenastrum capricornutum, e.g. ATCC 22662 or CCAP 278/4,
Selenastrum capricornutum, npr. ATCC 22662 ali CCAP 278/4,
Scenedesmus subspicatus, e.g. 86.81 SAG,
Scenedesmus subspicatus, npr. 86.81 SAG,
If other species are used, the strain should be reported.
Če se uporabijo druge vrste, je treba v poročilu navesti sev.
The concentration range in which effects are likely to occur is determined on the basis of results from range-finding tests.
Območje koncentracij, v katerem se bodo učinki najverjetneje pojavili, se določi na podlagi rezultatov preskusov za ugotavljanje območja.
The two measures of growth (biomass and growth rate) may result in widely disparate measures of growth inhibition; both should be used in the range finding test to ensure that the geometric progression of concentrations will allow estimation of both the EbC50 and the ErC50.
Dva parametra rasti (biomasa in hitrost rasti) lahko predstavljata zelo različni merili zaviranja rasti; v preskusu za ugotavljanje območja je treba uporabiti oba, da se zagotovi, da geometrijsko naraščanje koncentracij omogoči oceno obeh vrednosti, EbC50 in ErC50.
Initial cell density
Začetna gostota celic
It is recommended that the initial cell density in the test cultures be approximately 104 cells/ml for Selenastrum capricornutum and Scenedesmus subspicatus.
Za Selenastrum capricornutum in Scenedesmus subspicatus se priporoča, da je začetna gostota celic v preskusnih kulturah približno 104 celice/ml.
When other species are used the biomass should be comparable.
Kadar se uporabijo druge vrste, mora biti biomasa primerljiva.
Concentrations of test substance
Koncentracije preskusne snovi
For the test, at least five concentrations are made up in a geometric series at a concentration ratio not exceeding 2,2.
Za preskus se pripravi najmanj pet koncentracij v geometrijski vrsti, s faktorjem največ 2,2.
The lowest concentration tested should have no observed effect on the growth of the algae.
Najmanjša preskušena koncentracija mora biti brez opaznega učinka na rast alg.
The highest concentration tested should inhibit growth by at least 50 % relative to the control and, preferably, stop growth completely.
Največja preskušena koncentracija mora rast zavreti za najmanj 50 % glede na kontrolni vzorec, po možnosti pa jo povsem ustaviti.
Replicates and controls
Ponovitve in kontrolni vzorci
The test design should include three replicates at each test concentration.
Načrt preskusa mora vključevati tri ponovitve za vsako preskusno koncentracijo.
Three controls without test substance are run and, if relevant, three controls containing the auxiliary substance are also run.
Preskusijo se trije kontrolni vzorci brez preskusne snovi in, če je potrebno, tudi trije kontrolni vzorci s pomožno snovjo.
If justified, the test design may be altered to increase the number of concentrations and reduce the number of replicates per concentration.
Če je to utemeljeno, se načrt preskusa lahko spremeni, tako da se poveča število koncentracij in zmanjša število ponovitev na koncentracijo.
Test cultures containing the desired concentrations of test substance and the desired quantity of algal inoculum are prepared by adding aliquots of stock solutions of the test substance to suitable amounts of algal pre-cultures (see Appendix 1).
Preskusne kulture, ki vsebujejo želene koncentracije preskusne snovi in želeno količino inokuluma alg, se pripravijo tako, da se ustreznim količinam predkultur alg (glej Dodatek 1) dodajo alikvoti osnovnih raztopin preskusne snovi.
The culture flasks are shaken and placed in the culturing apparatus.
Bučke s kulturo se pretresejo in postavijo v inkubator za kultiviranje.
The algal cells are kept in suspension by shaking, stirring or bubbling with air, in order to improve gas exchange and reduce pH variation in the test solutions.
Alge se vzdržujejo v suspenziji s stresanjem, mešanjem ali uvajanjem mehurčkov zraka za boljšo izmenjavo plinov in manjše nihanje pH v preskusnih raztopinah.
The cultures should be maintained at a temperature in the range of 21 to 25 oC, controlled at ± 2 oC.
Kulture je treba vzdrževati pri temperaturi med 21 in 25 oC, na ± 2 oC natančno.
The cell density in each flask is determined at least at 24, 48 and 72 hours after the start of the test.
Gostota celic v vsaki bučki se določi najmanj 24, 48 in 72 ur po začetku preskusa.
Filtered algal medium containing the appropriate concentration of the test chemical is used to determine the background when using cell density measurements other than direct counting methods.
Kadar se za merjenje gostote celic uporabi metoda, ki ni neposredna števna metoda, se za določitev ozadja uporabi prefiltriran medij za alge, ki vsebuje ustrezno koncentracijo preskusne snovi.
The pH is measured at the beginning of the test and at 72 hours.
Vrednost pH se izmeri na začetku preskusa in po 72 urah.
The pH of the controls should not normally deviate by more than 1,5 units during the test.
Vrednost pH kontrolnih vzorcev se med preskusom običajno ne bi smel spreminjati za več kot 1,5 enot.
Testing volatile substances
Preskušanje hlapnih snovi
There is to date no generally accepted way to test volatile substances.
Do danes še ni splošno sprejetega načina za preskušanje hlapnih snovi.
When a substance is known to have a tendency to vaporise, closed test flasks with increased head-space may be used.
Kadar je znano, da snov rada hlapi, se lahko uporabijo zaprte bučke z več prostega prostora nad kulturo.