natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The investigation of unexpected morbidity and mortality should be thorough, having regard for potential zoonotic diseases, and be entrusted to competent personnel and laboratories.
Primere nepričakovane obolevnosti ali smrtnosti je treba natančno preiskati, pri tem je treba upoštevati možne zoonotske bolezni; preiskavo morajo opraviti pristojno osebje in pristojni laboratoriji.
Non-human primates from different geographical areas should be strictly separated from each other until their health status has been clarified.
Primati, razen človeka, z različnih geografskih območij morajo biti strogo ločeni, dokler se ne ugotovi njihovo zdravstveno stanje.
In outdoor enclosures vermin control is of particular importance.
V zunanjih ograjenih prostorih je zlasti pomemben nadzor nad mrčesom.
A person competent in the behaviour of non-human primates should be available for advice on social behaviour, environmental enrichment strategies and management.
Strokovnjak s področja vedenja primatov, razen človeka, mora biti na voljo za svetovanje o družabnem vedenju, strategijah za obogatitev okolja in upravljanje.
Because the common laboratory non-human primates are social animals, they should be housed with one or more compatible conspecifics.
Ker so običajni laboratorijski primati, razen človeka, družabne živali, jih je treba namestiti skupaj z enim združljivim primerkom iste vrste ali več.
To ensure harmonious relations, it is essential that the group composition of laboratory non-human primates should be appropriate.
Za zagotovitev prijateljskih odnosov je pomembno, da je sestava skupine laboratorijskih primatov, razen človeka, primerna.
Compatibility, and hence group composition, in terms of the age and sex of its members depends on the species.
Združljivost in s tem sestava skupine v smislu starosti in spola članov je odvisna od posamezne vrste.
In creating groups, the natural social organisation of the species should be taken into account.
Pri oblikovanju skupin je treba upoštevati naravno družbeno organiziranost vrst.
In confined conditions, however, where the space for extended chases or the emigration of social rejects is not available, the natural age and sex composition of troops may be inappropriate, modifications to group structure may be required.
Kljub temu je v omejenem okolju, v katerem ni na voljo prostora za daljše preganjanje ali umik živali, izločenih iz družbe, naravna sestava glede na starost in spol lahko neprimerna in so zato potrebne spremembe strukture skupine.
For example, a harem structure may be substituted for the natural multi-male, multi-female troop in macaques.
Struktura harema se lahko na primer uporabi kot nadomestilo za naravno sestavo skupine z več samci ali več samicami pri bradačih.
Experimental protocol may also determine group composition, for example, single-sex or same age groups.
Sestava skupine se prav tako lahko določi z eksperimentalnim protokolom, na primer istospolna skupina ali skupina iste starosti.
Visual barriers, which allow the animals to be out of sight of one another, are important in group housing and multiple escape routes provide opportunities to avoid attacks and also prevent dominant individuals from restricting access of subordinates to other parts of the enclosure.
Vidne ovire, ki živalim omogočajo, da se umaknejo iz vidnega polja drugih živali, so pomembne pri skupinskih namestitvah, več poti za beg daje živalim možnost, da se izognejo napadom, ter dominantnim posameznikom prepreči, da bi omejevali dostop podrejenih članov v druge dele ograjenega prostora.
Careful monitoring of animals is necessary following grouping or mixing, and a programme of action should be in place for managing and minimising aggressive interaction.
Pri združevanju v skupine ali mešanju je potrebno pozorno spremljanje živali, razen tega je potreben program ukrepov za obvladovanje in zmanjševanje napadalnega vedenja.
Where animals are housed in same-sex groups, it is best to avoid housing the two sexes in close proximity, as this can sometimes lead to the males becoming aggressive.
Kadar so živali nameščene v istospolne skupine, je najbolje, da se različna spola ne namestita v neposredni bližini, ker lahko to povzroči napadalnost pri samcih.
The only exceptions to social housing should be either for veterinary reasons or where an experimental protocol demands it to ensure good science.
Odstopanje od nameščanja po skupinah je dovoljeno le, kadar se to zahteva zaradi veterinarskih razlogov ali kadar to zahteva eksperimentalni protokol za pridobitev dobrih znanstvenih rezultatov.
Single housing should only be allowed for as short a time as possible, under close supervision, where there is a justification on veterinary or welfare grounds.
Posamezna namestitev živali mora biti dovoljena le zaradi veterinarskih razlogov ali zaradi dobrega počutja, biti mora čim krajša in nenehno pod nadzorom.
For experimental animals, where housing them in large groups is not possible, keeping them in same-sex compatible pairs is probably the best social arrangement.
Za preskusne živali je, kadar namestitev v večje skupine ni mogoča, najboljša družbena ureditev združevanje živali v združljive pare istega spola.
Where socially housed animals need to be separated for a period of time, for example, for dosing, care and vigilance should be exercised on re-introduction as the social organisation in the group may have changed and the animal may be attacked.
Kadar je treba živali, ki so nameščene v skupini, za določen čas ločiti, na primer za dajanje odmerkov, sta potrebna oskrba in popoln nadzor ob ponovni priključitvi v skupino, saj se je medtem družbena organiziranost skupine lahko spremenila in je žival lahko napadena.
Possible solutions include confinement of this animal to an individual enclosure attached to, or within, the main living area or separation of all individuals briefly followed by re-introduction of the whole group simultaneously.
Mogoče rešitve vključujejo zaprtje te živali v ločen ograjen prostor, ki je pritrjen na glavni življenjski prostor ali znotraj njega, ali kratkotrajna ločitev vseh posameznikov in nato istočasna združitev celotne skupine.
The sex ratio and numbers of animals in a breeding colony will depend on the species involved.
Delež po spolu in število živali v koloniji za vzrejo sta odvisna od vključenih vrst.
It is important to ensure that both space and complexity are adequate to prevent the intimidation of individuals, particularly low-ranking females and young.
Zagotoviti je treba, da sta prostor in zahtevnost primerna za preprečevanje zastraševanja posameznih živali, zlasti samic in mladičev na nižjem položaju v skupini.
In polygamous species, the sex ratio should ensure that the majority of females are mated and give birth to live offspring.
Pri poligamnih vrstah mora delež po spolu zagotoviti, da se večina samic pari in ima žive mladiče.
Where there is more than one male in the group, care should be taken to ensure that the males are compatible.
Če je v skupini več samcev, je treba paziti, da se samci med seboj razumejo.
Monogamous species will be bred in family groups with a breeding pair and two or more sets of their offspring.
Monogamne vrste se vzrejajo v skupinah družin, s parom, ki se pari, in dvema skupinama zaroda ali več.
For future breeding animals, it is important that the young grow up in stable social groups, preferably their natal group, with their mothers.
Za prihodnjo vzrejo živali je pomembno, da mladiči odraščajo v družbeno stabilni skupini, po možnosti v svoji rojstni skupini, skupaj s svojimi materami.
This ensures that their parenting skills and social interactions within a hierarchical structure develop adequately.
To jim zagotavlja ustrezen razvoj starševskih veščin in druženja v hierarhični strukturi.
Animals will normally successfully rear single or twin offspring without intervention.
Živali bodo običajno uspešno brez pomoči vzgojile enega mladiča ali dva.
However, a management policy for rejected infants is required to minimise suffering in these animals.
Vendar se za zavrnjene na novo skotene mladiče zahteva politika upravljanja za zmanjšanje trpljenja teh živali.
Separation from the mother
Ločitev od matere
Young animals have a slow postnatal development lasting several years in cercopithecoids with a period of dependency on their mothers lasting until they are 8 to 12 months old, depending on the species.
Mlade živali imajo počasen postnatalni razvoj, ki pri vsejedih opicah traja več let, z obdobjem odvisnosti od matere, ki traja do starosti 8 do 12 mesecev, odvisno od vrste.
During this period they learn about their environment under the mother's protective vigilance and socialise through interactions with a diversity of social partners.
V tem obdobju se učijo o svojem okolju pod budno zaščito matere in se socializirajo z druženjem z različnimi člani skupine.
They also learn parenting skills by interacting with infants or even helping to care for them.
Učijo se tudi starševskih veščin z druženjem z na novo skotenimi mladiči ali celo pomagajo skrbeti zanje.
Separation of infants from a colony causes distress to the mother and infant at the time.
Ločevanje na novo skotenih mladičev od kolonije prizadene mater in mladiča.
It is therefore preferable to leave them in their natal colony until they have become independent.
Zato je zaželeno, da ostanejo v rojstni koloniji, dokler ne postanejo samostojni.
Should they, for their own welfare, have to be weaned or separated earlier, it is advisable to incorporate them into a well organised group to avoid damage to their social development, behaviour, physiology and immune competence.
Če jih je treba zaradi zaščite odstaviti ali ločiti prej, jih je priporočljivo vključiti v dobro organizirano skupino, da se ne škodi socialnemu razvoju, vedenju, fiziološki sposobnosti in sposobnosti za odpornost.
The appropriate age ranges for weaning will depend on the species.
Primerna starostna obdobja za odstavitev so odvisna od vrste.
The environment should enable the animal to carry out a complex daily programme of activity.
Okolje mora živali omogočiti izvajanje zahtevnega dnevnega programa dejavnosti.
The precise features of the living quarters, however, will vary according to species, due to differences in natural behaviour.
Seveda so natančne značilnosti bivalnih prostorov različne glede na vrsto zaradi razlik v naravnem vedenju.
The enclosure should allow the animal to adopt as wide a behavioural repertoire as possible, provide it with a sense of security, and a suitably complex environment to allow the animal to run, walk, climb and jump.
Zaprt prostor mora živali omogočiti, da usvoji čim več vedenjskih vzorcev z občutkom varnosti in primerno zahtevno okolje, ki živali omogoča tekanje, hojo, plezanje in skakanje.
Materials providing tactile stimuli are also valuable.
Koristni so tudi materiali, ki omogočajo dražljaje na otip.
Opportunities for the animals to have some control over the environment should be provided.
Živalim je treba zagotoviti možnosti, da imajo nekaj nadzora nad okoljem.
Some novelty should also be introduced at intervals, which can include for example minor changes in the conformation or arrangement of enclosure furniture and feeding practices.
V presledkih je treba uvesti tudi nekaj novosti, ki lahko vključujejo manjše spremembe v sestavi ali ureditvi opreme zaprtega prostora in prehranjevalnih metod.
Non-human primates should be housed in such a way that they do not exhibit abnormal behaviour and are able to display a satisfactory range of normal activities.
Primati, razen človeka, morajo bivati tako, da ne kažejo nenormalnega vedenja in lahko pokažejo zadovoljiv obseg običajnih dejavnosti.
The following factors will determine the enclosure dimensions for a given species:
Naslednji dejavniki določajo mere zaprtega prostora za navedeno vrsto:
the adult size of the animal (juvenile animals, though smaller, are usually more active than adults, thus requiring similar space allowances for physical development and play), and
velikost odrasle živali (mlade živali so, čeprav so manjše, običajno dejavnejše od odraslih, zato potrebujejo podobne prostorske zmogljivosti za fizični razvoj in igro),
sufficient space to provide a complex and challenging environment, and
dovolj prostora za zagotavljanje zahtevnega okolja z izzivi, in
the size of group to be accommodated.
velikost skupine, ki se namesti.
The following principles should apply to the housing of all species of non-human primates:
Za namestitev vseh vrst primatov, razen človeka, morajo veljati naslednja načela:
enclosures should be of adequate height to allow the animal to flee vertically and sit on a perch or a shelf, without its tail contacting the floor,
zaprti prostori morajo biti dovolj visoki, da omogočajo živali pobeg navzgor in sedenje na drogu ali polici, brez dotikanja tal z repom;
the animal should be able to display a normal locomotor and behavioural repertoire,
živali mora biti omogočeno, da pokaže normalne vzorce gibanja in vedenja,
there should be room for suitable environmental enrichment,
za ustrezno obogatitev okolja mora biti dovolj prostora,
apart from exceptional circumstances, the animal should not be singly housed,
žival ne sme biti nameščena sama, razen v izjemnih okoliščinah,
enclosures should not be arranged in two or more tiers vertically.
zaprti prostori ne smejo biti urejeni navpično v dveh ali več vrstah.
Outdoor enclosures
Zunanji ograjeni prostori
Where possible, non-human primates should have access to outdoor enclosures.
Če je mogoče, morajo imeti primati, razen človeka, dostop do zunanjih ograjenih prostorov.
These are commonly used for breeding larger non-human primates.
Ti se običajno uporabljajo za vzrejo večjih primatov, razen človeka.
They have the advantage for the animals that they can include many features of the natural environment and are also useful for holding stock or experimental animals where close climatic control is not required and outdoor temperatures are suitable.
Prednost teh prostorov za živali je, da vključujejo veliko značilnosti naravnega okolja in so koristni tudi za rejo živine ali poskusnih živali, v njih ni potreben natančen nadzor nad klimo, zunanje temperature pa so primerne.
Outdoor enclosures are usually constructed of metal, but other materials, including wood, can be used providing it is suitably weather-proofed.
Zunanji ograjeni prostori so običajno zgrajeni iz kovine, vendar se lahko uporabijo tudi drugi materiali, vključno z lesom, če so ustrezno zaščiteni pred vremenom.
Some types of wood are approved by toxicologists provided that a certificate of analysis is available.
Toksikologi odobrijo nekatere vrste lesa, če je na voljo potrdilo o analizi.
Wood is easily maintained or replaced, can be custom-built on site and provides a quieter and more natural material.
Vzdrževanje ali zamenjava lesa je enostavna, lahko se gradi po meri na kraju samem in je nevpadljiv ter naraven material.
To protect the structural integrity of a wooden enclosure, the framework should either be of a type of wood which the animals will not chew or protected with mesh and a non-toxic treatment.
Za zaščito neoporečnosti strukture lesenega ograjenega prostora, mora biti okvir iz vrste lesa, ki ga živali ne bodo žvečile, ali zaščiten z mrežo in nestrupeno obdelavo.
The base of the enclosure can be of concrete or natural vegetation.
Podlaga ograjenega prostora je lahko iz betona ali naravnega rastlinja.
Concrete-floored enclosures can be covered with a suitable non-toxic substrate.
Betonska tla ograjenih prostorov so lahko prekrita z ustrezno nestrupeno podlago.
Either part of the outdoor enclosure should be roofed, to allow the animals to be outside in wet weather and to provide protection from the sun or, alternatively, shelters can be provided.
Del zunanjega ograjenega prostora mora prekrivati streha, ki omogoča živalim, da so v mokrem vremenu na prostem, in zagotavlja zaščito pred soncem ali pa možnost zavetja.
Where outdoor enclosures are provided, the non-human primates will utilise them, even in the winter.
Če so zagotovljeni zunanji ograjeni prostori, jih primati, razen človeka, uporabljajo tudi pozimi.
However, heated indoor enclosures should be provided.
Vendar je treba zagotoviti tudi ogrevane notranje ograjene prostore.
It is recommended that the minimum size for an indoor enclosure should meet the minimum values specified to ensure that the animals are not overcrowded in inclement weather.
Priporočljivo je, da najmanjša velikost notranjega ograjenega prostora ustreza navedenim najmanjšim vrednostim za zagotavljanje, da v slabem vremenu živali niso prenatrpane.
As outdoor enclosures represent additional space, there is no need to set minimum dimensions for these.
Ker so zunanji ograjeni prostori dodaten prostor, ni treba določiti njihovih najmanjših mer.
Where different enclosures are connected, for example outdoor and indoor, more than one connecting door should be provided to prevent subordinates being trapped by more dominant animals.
Če so različni ograjeni prostori povezani, na primer zunanji in notranji, je treba zagotoviti več povezovalnih vrat, da nadrejene živali ne ujamejo v past podrejenih živali.
Indoor housing
Notranja namestitev
Although indoor enclosures will commonly be constructed of metal, other materials, such as wood, laminates and glass have been used successfully and provide a quieter environment.
Čeprav so notranji ograjeni prostori običajno zgrajeni iz kovine, so bili drugi materiali, kot so les, laminat in steklo, uspešno uporabljeni in so zagotovili mirnejše okolje.
As height is a critical feature of the enclosure, all non-human primates should be able to climb, jump and occupy a high perch.
Ker je višina odločilna značilnost ograjenega prostora, je treba vsem primatom, razen človeka, omogočiti, da plezajo, skačejo in sedijo na drogovih.
The walls can include mesh to allow climbing but sufficient diagonal branches or perches should also be provided to allow all animals to sit on them simultaneously.
Zidovi imajo lahko mrežo, ki omogoča plezanje, vendar je treba zagotoviti tudi dovolj prečnih vej ali drogov, da lahko vse živali na njih sedijo hkrati.
Where mesh is used, care should be taken to ensure that it is of a type which could not lead to injury through animals having their limbs trapped.
Če se uporablja mreža, je treba paziti, da je taka, ki ne povzroča poškodb pri živalih, če se jim vanjo zataknejo okončine.
Solid floors have the advantage that they can be covered with a substrate in which food can be scattered to encourage foraging.
Prednost trdnih tal je, da so lahko prekrita s podlago, po kateri se lahko hrana raztrese in se s tem spodbudi iskanje hrane.
Non-human primates require space for activity, but may need to be confined in smaller home enclosures for short periods of time when justified on veterinary or experimental grounds.
Primati, razen človeka, potrebujejo prostor za dejavnost, vendar jih je za krajši čas treba zapreti v manjše ograjene prostore, če to utemeljujejo veterinarski ali poskusni razlogi.
Smaller volumes can be created by partitioning the main enclosure using dividers and/or a mobile back to the enclosure, having a cage within the home enclosure, two linked units, or attaching experimental enclosures to a larger exercise enclosure.
Manjši prostori se lahko oblikujejo s pregrajevanjem glavnega ograjenega prostora s pregradami in/ali premično zadnjo steno, s kletko znotraj ograjenega prostora, dvema povezanima enotama ali dodajanjem ograjenih prostorov za poskuse v večji ograjen prostor za gibanje.
These methods of confining experimental animals all have the advantage that animals have access to a satisfactory living environment and social companions, allowing however separation for feeding, cleaning and experimental purposes, such as dosing and blood sampling.
Vse te metode zapiranja poskusnih živalih imajo prednost, da imajo živali dostop do zadovoljivega življenjskega okolja in družbe drugih živali, vendar jim omogočajo ločevanje pri hranjenju, čiščenju in poskusnih namenih, kot so doziranje in jemanje vzorcev krvi.
Should single-housing in a small enclosure be necessary, because of a special experimental paradigm, the duration and extent of confinement should be justified by the experimenter, balancing the likely effect on the well-being of the animal against the scientific value and requirements of the experiment.
Če je posamezna namestitev v majhnem ograjenem prostoru nujna zaradi posebnega poskusnega vzorca, mora trajanje in obseg zaprtja utemeljiti izvajalec poskusa ter uravnovesiti verjeten učinek na dobro počutje živali z znanstveno vrednostjo in zahtevami poskusa.
Individuals can be isolated by training (see paragraph 4.8 below) or running the group through a race with a trap in it.
Posamezne živali se lahko osami z dresiranjem (glej odstavek 4.8 spodaj) ali s tekom skupine prek proge s pastjo.
The additional guidelines provide minimum recommended enclosure sizes for the different species.
Dodatna navodila zagotavljajo najmanjše priporočene velikosti ograjenega prostora za različne vrste.
Presentation and content of the diet should be varied to provide interest and environmental enrichment.
Videz in sestava hrane se morata spreminjati, da se zagotovita zanimanje in obogatitev okolja.
Scattered food will encourage foraging, or where this is difficult food should be provided which requires manipulation, such as whole fruits or vegetables, or puzzle-feeders can be provided.
Raztresena hrana bo spodbudila iskanje hrane, če pa je to težko izvesti, je treba zagotoviti takšno hrano, ki zahteva trud, kot je celo sadje ali zelenjava, ali pa se lahko zagotovijo naprave, pri katerih se morajo živali potruditi, da pridejo do hrane.
Foraging devices and structures should be designed and situated to minimise contamination.
Naprave in predmeti, ki spodbujajo iskanje hrane, morajo biti oblikovani in nameščeni tako, da povzročajo čim manjše onesnaženje.
As the enrichment feeding may lead to preferences, to ensure that the animals receive a balanced diet it is advisable to feed the standard diet first thing in the morning when the animals are hungry and have no alternative.
Ker lahko obogateno hranjenje povzroči izbiranje, se za zagotovitev uravnotežene prehrane za živali svetuje hranjenje s standardno prehrano zgodaj zjutraj, ko so živali lačne in nimajo druge izbire.
The food can be scattered to ensure that it is not monopolised by dominant individuals.
Hrana se lahko raztrese in tako zagotovi, da je ne dobijo le nadrejene posamezne živali.
A varied diet should not be provided if it is likely to have disturbing effects on experimental results.
Raznolike prehrane se ne zagotavlja, če je verjetno, da škodljivo vpliva na rezultate poskusa.
However, in such circumstances variation can be introduced in the form of nutritionally standard diets available in different shapes, colours and flavours.
Vendar se lahko v takšnih okoliščinah raznolikost uvede v obliki standardne hranilne hrane, ki je na voljo v različnih oblikah, barvah in okusih.
Some non-human primates, for example some prosimians, require nesting material, for example wood wool, dry leaves or straw.
Nekateri primati, razen človeka, na primer nekateri prosimii, potrebujejo material za gnezda, na primer lesno volno, suhe liste ali slamo.
Non-toxic substrates such as wood chips, wood granulate with a low dust level or shredded paper are valuable to promote foraging in indoor enclosures.
Nestrupena podlaga, kot so lesni olupki, drobljen les z malo žagovine ali razrezani papir, so koristni pri spodbujanju iskanja hrane v notranjih ograjenih prostorih.
Grass, herbage wood chip or bark chip are suitable for outdoor facilities.
Trava, lesni olupki iz zelenja ali olupki iz lubja so primerni za zunanje prostore.
Various methods of restraint are employed in handling non-human primates, ranging from enclosures with sliding partitions, through netting, holding the animals manually, to using a dart to tranquillise them.
Pri ravnanju s primati, razen človeka, se uporabljajo različne metode obvladovanja, in sicer ograjeni prostori z drsnimi pregradami, mreže, ročno držanje živali in uporaba puščic za umiritev živali.