natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
wheel for setting carriage at starting position
kolesce za nastavitev drsnika na začetni položaj
direction to electric drive motor
smer elektromotorja S1.5b Začetni položaj valjčka na vzorcu
Explosive substances and substances which ignite spontaneously in contact with air at ambient temperature should not be submitted to this test.
Eksplozivne snovi in snovi, ki se spontano vnamejo v stiku z zrakom pri sobni temperaturi, se ne smejo preskušati s tem preskusom.
The test procedure is applicable to gases, liquids and vapours which, in the presence of air, can be ignited by a hot surface.
Preskusni postopek se uporablja za pline, tekočine in pare, ki se ob prisotnosti zraka lahko vnamejo na vroči površini.
The auto-ignition temperature can be considerably reduced by the presence of catalytic impurities, by the surface material or by a higher volume of the test vessel.
Temperaturo samovžiga lahko znatno zniža prisotnost katalitskih nečistot, material površine ali večji volumen preskusne posode.
The degree of auto-ignitability is expressed in terms of the auto-ignition temperature.
Stopnja samovnetljivosti se izraža s temperaturo samovžiga.
The auto-ignition temperature is the lowest temperature at which the test substance will ignite when mixed with air under the conditions defined in the test method.
Temperatura samovžiga je najnižja temperatura, pri kateri se preskusna snov vname, če se pomeša z zrakom v pogojih, opredeljenih v preskusni metodi.
Reference substances are cited in the standards (see 1.6.3).
Referenčne snovi so naštete v standardih (glej 1.6.3).
The method determines the minimum temperature of the inner surface of an enclosure that will result in ignition of a gas, vapour or liquid injected into the enclosure.
S to metodo se določa najnižja temperatura notranje površine posode, pri kateri se plin, para ali tekočina, vbrizgana v posodo, vname.
The repeatability varies according to the range of auto-ignition temperatures and the test method used.
Ponovljivost se spreminja v skladu z območjem temperatur samovžiga in uporabljeno preskusno metodo.
The sensitivity and specificity depend on the test method used.
Občutljivost in specifičnost sta odvisni od uporabljene preskusne metode.
The apparatus is described in the method referred to in 1.6.3.
Aparatura je opisana v metodi iz 1.6.3.
A sample of the test substance is tested according to the method referred to in 1.6.3.
Preskus na vzorcu preskusne snovi se izvede v skladu z metodo iz 1.6.3.
See IEC 79-4, DIN 51794, ASTM-E 659-78, BS 4056, NF T 20-037.
Glej IEC 79-4, DIN 51794, ASTM-E 659-78, BS 4056, NF T 20-037.
Record the test-temperature, atmospheric pressure, quantity of sample used and time-1ag until ignition occurs.
Zapišejo se temperatura preskusa, atmosferski tlak, uporabljena količina vzorca, čas, ki preteče do samovžiga.
the quantity of sample used, atmospheric pressure,
uporabljena količina vzorca, atmosferski tlak,
the apparatus used,
uporabljena aparatura,
the results of measurements (test temperatures, results concerning ignition, corresponding time-lags),
rezultati meritev (temperature preskusa, rezultati v zvezi z vžigom, ustrezni časovni zamik),
The purpose of this test is to provide preliminary information on the auto-flammability of solid substances at elevated temperatures.
Namen tega preskusa je zagotoviti predhodne podatke o samovnetljivosti trdnih snovi pri povišani temperaturi.
If the heat developed either by a reaction of the substance with oxygen or by exothermic decomposition is not lost rapidly enough to the surroundings, self-heating leading to self-ignition occurs.
Če se vročina, ki se razvije ob reagiranju snovi s kisikom ali eksotermni razgradnji, ne porazgubi dovolj hitro po okolici, se bo snov samosegrevala in vnela.
Self-ignition therefore occurs when the rate of heat-production exceeds the rate of heat loss.
Samovžig se torej pojavi, kadar se toplota proizvaja hitreje, kot se izgublja.
The test procedure is useful as a preliminary screening test for solid substances.
Preskusni postopek je koristen kot predhodni presejalni preskus za trdne snovi.
In view of the complex nature of the ignition and combustion of solids, the self-ignition temperature determined according to this test method should be used for comparison purposes only.
Zaradi zapletene narave vžiga in izgorevanja trdnih snovi je treba temperaturo samovžiga, določeno v skladu s to preskusno metodo, uporabljati le za primerjanje.
The self-ignition temperature as obtained by this method is the minimum ambient temperature expressed in oC at which a certain volume of a substance will ignite under defined conditions.
Temperatura samovžiga, dobljena s to metodo, je najnižja temperatura okolja, izražena v oC, pri kateri se določen volumen snovi v določenih pogojih vname.
REFERENCE SUBSTANCE
REFERENČNA SNOV
A certain volume of the substance under test is placed in an oven at room temperature; the temperature/time curve relating to conditions in the centre of the sample is recorded while the temperature of the oven is increased to 400 oC, or to the melting point if lower, at a rate of 0,5 oC/min.
Določen volumen preskusne snovi se da v peč pri sobni temperaturi; zapisuje se krivulja temperatura/čas, ki se nanaša na razmere v sredini vzorca, medtem ko se temperatura peči viša do 400 oC, ali do tališča, če je to nižje, s hitrostjo 0,5 oC/min.
For the purpose of this test, the temperature of the oven at which the sample temperature reaches 400 oC by self-heating is called the self-ignition temperature.
Pri tem preskusu se temperatura peči, pri kateri temperatura vzorca doseže 400 oC s samosegrevanjem, imenuje temperatura samovžiga.
Oven
Peč
A temperature-programmed laboratory oven (volume about 2 litres) fitted with natural air circulation and explosion relief.
Laboratorijska peč s temperaturnim programom (volumen približno 2 litra), opremljena s sistemom za naravno kroženje zraka in protieksplozijsko zaščito.
In order to avoid a potential explosion risk, any decomposition gases must not be allowed to come into contact with the electric heating elements.
Da se prepreči nastanek morebitne eksplozije, je treba kakršnim koli razgradnim plinom preprečiti stik z električnimi grelnimi elementi.
Wire mesh cube
Kocka iz žičnate mreže
A piece of stainless steel wire mesh with 0,045 mm openings should be cut according to the pattern in figure 1.
Kos žičnate mreže iz nerjavnega jekla z odprtinami 0,045 mm se razreže v skladu z vzorcem na sliki 1.
The mesh should be folded and secured with wire into an open-topped cube.
Mreža se pregane in poveže z žico v kocko brez zgornje ploskve.
Thermocouples
Termočlena
Suitable thermocouples.
Primerna termočlena.
Recorder
Zapisovalnik
Any two-channel recorder calibrated from 0 to 600 oC or corresponding voltage.
Kakršen koli dvokanalni zapisovalnik, umerjen na 0 do 600 oC ali ustrezno napetost.
Substances are tested as received.
Snovi se preskušajo takšne, kakršne so bile prejete.
The cube is filled with the substance to be tested and is tapped gently, adding more of the substance until the cube is completely full.
Kocka se napolni s preskusno snovjo, nato se narahlo stresa in polni s snovjo, dokler ni povsem polna.
The cube is then suspended in the centre of the oven at room temperature.
Kocka se nato obesi na sredino peči pri sobni temperaturi.
One thermocouple is placed at the centre of the cube and the other between the cube and the oven wall to record the oven temperature.
En termočlen se namesti v sredino kocke, drugi pa med kocko in steno peči, da se beleži temperatura peči.
The temperatures of the oven and sample are continuously recorded while the temperature of the oven is increased to 400 oC, or to the melting point if lower, at a rate of 0,5 oC/min.
Temperatura se viša do 400 oC ali do tališča, če je to nižje, s hitrostjo 0,5 oC/min in med tem se ves čas zapisujeta temperaturi peči in vzorca.
When the substance ignites the sample thermocouple will show a very sharp temperature rise above the oven temperature.
Ko se snov vname, termočlen v vzorcu pokaže izjemno skokovit porast temperature nad temperaturo peči.
The temperature of the oven at which the sample temperature reaches 400 oC by self-heating is relevant for evaluation (see figure 2).
Za vrednotenje je pomembna temperatura peči, pri kateri temperatura vzorca s samosegrevanjem doseže 400 oC (glej sliko 2).
a description of the substance to be tested,
opis preskusne snovi,
the results of measurement including the temperature/time curve,
rezultati merjenja, vključno s krivuljo temperatura/čas,
Pattern of 20 mm test cube
Vzorec za 20 mm-preskusno kocko
It is useful to have preliminary information on any potentially explosive properties of the substance before performing this test.
Pred izvajanjem tega preskusa je koristno imeti predhodne informacije o vseh morebitnih eksplozivnih lastnostih snovi.
This test is not applicable to liquids, gases, explosive or highly flammable substances, or organic peroxides.
Ta preskus ni uporaben za tekočine, pline, eksplozivne ali lahko vnetljive snovi ali organske perokside.
This test need not be performed when examination of the structural formula establishes beyond reasonable doubt that the substance is incapable of reacting exothermically with a combustible material.
Ta preskus je treba opraviti, kadar preverjanje strukturne formule nedvomno pokaže, da snov ne more reagirati eksotermično z vnetljivim materialom.
In order to ascertain if the test should be performed with special precautions, a preliminary test should be performed.
Treba je izvesti predhodni preskus, da se ugotovi, ali so pri izvedbi preskusa potrebni posebni varnostni ukrepi.
Burning time: reaction time, in seconds, taken for the reaction zone to travel along a pile, following the procedure described in 1.6.
Čas gorenja: reakcijski čas v sekundah, v katerem reakcijsko območje prepotuje določeno razdaljo vzdolž kupčka, v skladu s postopkom iz 1.6.
Burning rate: expressed in millimetres per second.
Hitrost gorenja: izražena v milimetrih na sekundo.
Maximum burning rate: the highest value of the burning rates obtained with mixtures containing 10 to 90 % by weight of oxidiser.
Največja hitrost gorenja: največja vrednost izmed hitrosti gorenja, dobljenih z zmesmi, ki vsebujejo od 10 do 90 utežnih % oksidanta.
Barium nitrate (analytical grade) is used as reference substance for the test and the preliminary test.
Pri preskusu in predhodnem preskusu se kot referenčna snov uporablja barijev nitrat (analitska čistost).
The reference mixture is that mixture of barium nitrate with powdered cellulose, prepared according to 1.6, which has the maximum burning rate (usually a mixture with 60 % barium nitrate by weight).
Referenčna zmes je zmes barijevega nitrata in uprašene celuloze, pripravljena v skladu z 1.6, ki ima največjo hitrost gorenja (običajno zmes s 60 utežnimi % barijevega nitrata).
A preliminary test is carried out in the interests of safety.
Zaradi varnosti se izvede predhodni preskus.
No further testing is required when the preliminary test clearly indicates that the test substance has oxidising properties.
Kadar predhodni preskus jasno pokaže, da ima preskusna snov oksidacijske lastnosti, nadaljnje preskušanje ni potrebno.
When this is not the case, the substance should then be subject to the full test.
V nasprotnem primeru je treba s snovjo izvesti popoln preskus.
In the full test, the substance to be tested and a defined combustible substance will be mixed in various ratios.
V popolnem preskusu se pripravijo zmesi iz preskusne snovi in določene gorljive snovi v različnih razmerjih.
Each mixture is then formed into a pile and the pile is ignited at one end.
Vsaka zmes se nato oblikuje kupček, ki se na enem koncu prižge.
The maximum burning rate determined is compared with the maximum burning rate of the reference mixture.
Največja določena hitrost gorenja se primerja z največjo hitrostjo gorenja referenčne zmesi.
If required, any method of grinding and mixing is valid provided that the difference in the maximum rate of burning in the six separate tests differs from the arithmetic mean value by no more than 10 %.
Če je treba snov drobiti in mešati, se za to lahko uporabi katera koli metoda, pod pogojem da razlika v največji hitrosti gorenja v šestih ločenih preskusih ne odstopa od aritmetične sredine za več kakor 10 %.
Reduce the test sample to a particle size < 0,125 mm using the following procedure: sieve the test substance, grind the remaining fraction, repeat the procedure until the whole test portion has passed the sieve.
Velikost delcev v vzorcu se zmanjša do < 0,125 mm po naslednjem postopku: preskusna snov se preseje, preostala frakcija se zmelje in postopek se ponavlja, dokler skozi sito ni presejana vsa preskusna snov.
Any grinding and sieving method satisfying the quality criteria may be used.
Uporabi se lahko katera koli metoda za mletje in presejanje, ki ustreza merilom kakovosti.
Before preparing the mixture the substance is dried at 105 oC, until constant weight is obtained.
Pred pripravo zmesi se snov posuši pri 105 oC do konstantne mase.
If the decomposition temperature of the substance to be tested is below 105 oC, the substance has to be dried at a suitable lower temperature.
Če je temperatura razgradnje preskusne snovi nižja od 105 oC, je treba snov posušiti pri ustrezni nižji temperaturi.
Combustible substance
Vnetljiva snov
Powdered cellulose is used as a combustible substance.
Kot gorljiva snov se uporabi uprašena celuloza.
The cellulose should be a type used for thin-layer chromatography or column chromatography.
Izbrati je treba vrsto celuloze, ki se uporablja za tenkoplastno kromatografijo ali kolonsko kromatografijo.
A type with fibre-lengths of more than 85 % between 0,020 and 0,075 mm has proved to be suitable.
Izkazalo se je, da je primerna celuloza z več kakor 85 % vlaken z dolžino med 0,020 in 0,075 mm.
The cellulose powder is passed through a sieve with a mesh-size of 0,125 mm. The same batch of cellulose is to be used throughout the test.
Celulozni prah se preseje skozi sito z odprtinami velikosti 0,125 mm. V celem preskusu je treba uporabiti celulozo iz iste serije.
Before preparing the mixture, the powdered cellulose is dried at 105 oC until constant weight is obtained.
Pred pripravo zmesi se uprašena celuloza posuši pri 105 oC do konstantne mase.
If wood-meal is used in the preliminary test, then prepare a soft-wood wood-meal by collecting the portion which passes through a sieve mesh of 1,6 mm, mix thoroughly, then dry at 105 oC for four hours in a layer not more than 25 mm thick.
Če se v predhodnem preskusu uporabi žagovina, se pripravi žagovina mehkega lesa, tako da se zbere delež, presejan skozi sito z odprtinami velikosti 1,6 mm, se temeljito premeša in nato štiri ure suši pri 105 oC v plasti, debeli največ 25 mm.
Cool and store in an air-tight container filled as full as practicable until required, preferably within 24 hours of drying.
Žagovina se ohladi in hrani v čim bolj polni nepredušno zaprti posodi do uporabe, kar naj bo po možnosti v 24 urah po sušenju.
Ignition source
Vir vžiga
A hot flame from a gas burner (minimum diameter 5 mm) should be used as the ignition source.
Kot vir vžiga se uporabi vroč plamen plinskega gorilnika (premer najmanj 5 mm).
If another ignition source is used (e.g. when testing in an inert atmosphere), the description and the justification should be reported.
Če se uporabi kak drug vir vžiga (npr. pri preskušanju v inertni atmosferi), ga je treba opisati v poročilu in utemeljiti njegovo uporabo.
Mixtures of oxidisers with cellulose or wood-meal must be treated as potentially explosive and handled with due care.
Zmesi oksidantov in celuloze ali žagovine je treba obravnavati kot morebitno eksplozivne in z njimi ravnati z ustrezno previdnostjo.
The dried substance is thoroughly mixed with the dried cellulose or wood-meal in the proportions 2 of test substance to 1 of cellulose or wood-meal by weight and the mixture is formed into a small cone-shaped pile of dimensions 3,5 cm (diameter of base) × 2,5 cm (height) by filling, without tamping, a cone-shaped former (e.g. a laboratory glass funnel with the stem plugged).
Posušena snov se temeljito zmeša s posušeno celulozo ali žagovino v razmerju 2 utežna dela preskusne snovi in 1 utežni del celuloze ali žagovine, nato se zmes oblikuje v majhen stožčast kupček z dimenzijami 3,5 cm (premer osnovne ploskve) × 2,5 cm (višina), tako da se brez tlačenja napolni stožčast kalup (npr. laboratorijski stekleni lij z zamašeno odtočno cevko).
The pile is placed on a cool, non-combustible, non-porous and low heat-conducting base plate.
Kupček se da na hladno, negorljivo, neporozno in toplotno slabo prevodno osnovno ploščo.
The test should be carried out in a fume cupboard as in 1.6.2.2.
Preskus je treba izvesti v digestoriju, kakor v 1.6.2.2.
The ignition source is put in contact with the cone.
Z virom vžiga se dotaknemo kupčka.
The vigour and duration of the resultant reaction are observed and recorded.
Opazujeta in zapišeta se silovitost in trajanje nastale reakcije.
The substance is to be considered as oxidising if the reaction is vigorous.
Če je reakcija silovita, se šteje, da je snov oksidativna.
In any case where the result is open to doubt, it is then necessary to complete the full train test described below.
Kadar koli je rezultat dvomljiv, je treba izvesti spodaj opisani popolni preskusni postopek.
Train test
Popolni preskus
Prepare oxidiser cellulose-mixtures containing 10 to 90 % weight of oxidiser in 10 % increments.
Pripravijo se zmesi oksidanta in celuloze, ki vsebujejo od 10 do 90 utežnih % oksidanta, vsaka za 10 % več.
For borderline cases, intermediate oxidiser cellulose mixtures should be used to obtain the maximum burning rate more precisely.
Pri mejnih primerih je treba uporabiti tudi vmesne koncentracije zmesi oksidanta in celuloze, da se največja hitrost gorenja določi natančneje.
The pile is formed by means of a mould.
S pomočjo kalupa se oblikuje kupček.
The mould is made of metal, has a length of 250 mm and a triangular cross-section with an inner height of 10 mm and an inner width of 20 mm. On both sides of the mould, in the longitudinal direction, two metal plates are mounted as lateral limitations which project 2 mm beyond the upper edge of the triangular cross-section (figure).
Kalup je narejen iz kovine, dolg 250 mm ter ima trikotni prečni prerez z notranjo višino 10 mm in notranjo širino 20 mm. Na obe vzdolžni stranici kalupa je pritrjena kovinska plošča, kot stranska pregrada, ki sega 2 mm nad gornji rob trikotnega prečnega prereza (slika).
This arrangement is loosely filled with a slight excess of mixture.
Ta priprava se napolni z zmesjo v majhnem presežku.
After dropping the mould once from a height of 2 cm onto a solid surface, the remaining excess substance is scraped off with an obliquely positioned sheet.
Kalup se enkrat spusti z višine 2 cm na trdno podlago, nato se presežek snovi postrga s ploščico v poševnem položaju.
The lateral limitations are removed and the remaining powder is smoothed, using a roller.
Snameta se stranski pregradi, preostali prah pa zgladi z valjčkom.
A non-combustible, non-porous and low heat-conducting base plate is then placed on the top of the mould, the apparatus inverted and the mould removed.
Na vrh kalupa se položi osnovna plošča iz negorljivega, neporoznega in toplotno slabo prevodnega materiala, nato se cela priprava obrne za 180o in odstrani kalup.
Due to hygroscopicity of cellulose and of some substances to be tested, the test should be carried out as quickly as possible.
Zaradi higroskopičnosti celuloze in nekaterih preskusnih snovi je treba preskus izvesti čim hitreje.
Ignite one end of the pile by touching with the flame.
Prižgemo en konec kupčka, tako da se ga dotaknemo s plamenom.
Measure the time of reaction over a distance of 200 mm after the reaction zone has propagated an initial distance of 30 mm.
Ko reakcijsko območje preide začetno razdaljo 30 mm se meri reakcijski čas prek razdalje 200 mm.
The test is performed with the reference substance and at least once with each one of the range of mixtures of the test substance with cellulose.
Preskus se izvede z referenčno snovjo in vsaj po enkrat z vsako od zmesi preskusne snovi in celuloze.
If the maximum burning rate is found to be significantly greater than that from the reference mixture, the test can be stopped; otherwise the test should be repeated five times for each of the three mixtures giving the fastest burning rate.
Če je največja hitrost gorenja znatno večja od hitrosti gorenja referenčne zmesi, se preskus lahko ustavi; sicer je treba preskus petkrat ponoviti z vsako od treh zmesi, pri katerih je bila hitrost gorenja največja.
If the result is suspected of being a false positive, then the test should be repeated using an inert substance with a similar particle size, such as kieselguhr, in place of cellulose.
Če se sumi, da je rezultat lažno pozitiven, je treba preskus ponoviti z inertno snovjo s podobno velikostjo delcev, kakršna je diatomejska zemlja, namesto celuloze.
Alternatively, the test substance cellulose mixture, having the fastest burning rate, should be retested in an inert atmosphere (< 2 % v/v oxygen content).
Druga možnost je, da se zmes preskusne snovi in celuloze z največjo hitrostjo gorenja ponovno preskusi v inertni atmosferi (vsebnost kisika < 2 % v/v).
For safety reasons the maximum burning rate — not the mean value — shall be considered to be the characteristic oxidising property of the substance under test.
Zaradi varnosti se za značilno oksidativno lastnost preskusne snovi šteje največja hitrost gorenja – ne srednja vrednost.
The highest value of burning rate within a run of six tests of a given mixture is relevant for evaluation.
Za vrednotenje je pomembna največja vrednost hitrosti gorenja dane zmesi v nizu šestih preskusov.
Plot a graph of the highest value of burning rate for each mixture versus the oxidiser concentration.
Izdela se graf največje vrednosti hitrosti gorenja vsake zmesi v odvisnosti od koncentracije oksidanta.
From the graph take the maximum burning rate.
Iz grafa se določi največja hitrost gorenja.
The six measured values of burning rate within a run obtained from the mixture with the maximum burning rate must not differ from the arithmetic mean value by more than 10 %; otherwise the methods of grinding and mixing must be improved.
Šest izmerjenih vrednosti hitrosti gorenja v enem nizu preskusov na zmesi z največjo hitrostjo gorenja se ne sme razlikovati od aritmetične sredine za več kot 10 %; sicer je treba izboljšati metodi mletja in mešanja.
Compare the maximum burning rate obtained with the maximum burning rate of the reference mixture (see 1.3).
Dobljena največja hitrost gorenja se primerja z največjo hitrostjo gorenja referenčne zmesi (glej 1.3).
If tests are conducted in an inert atmosphere, the maximum reaction rate is compared with that from the reference mixture in an inert atmosphere.
Če se preskusi izvajajo v inertni atmosferi, se največja hitrost reakcije primerja s hitrostjo reakcije referenčne zmesi v inertni atmosferi.
the identity, composition, purity, moisture content etc. of the substance tested,
identiteta, sestava, čistost, vsebnost vlage itd., preskusne snovi,
any treatment of the test sample (e.g. grinding, drying),
kakršna koli obdelava vzorca (npr. mletje, sušenje …),
the ignition source used in the tests,
v preskusih uporabljeni vir vžiga,
the results of measurements,
rezultati meritev,
the mode of reaction (e.g. flash burning at the surface, burning through the whole mass, any information concerning the combustion products, etc.),
način reagiranja (npr. hitro gorenje na površini, gorenje skozi celotno maso, kakršne koli informacije o produktih izgorevanja …),
all additional remarks relevant for the interpretation of results, including a description of the vigour (flaming, sparking, fuming, slow smouldering, etc.) and approximate duration produced in the preliminary safety/screening test for both test and reference substance,
vse dodatne opombe, pomembne za razlago rezultatov, vključno z opisom silovitosti (plamenenje, iskrenje, dimljenje, počasno tlenje itd.) in približno trajanje, ugotovljeno v predhodnih varnostnih/presejalnih preskusih za preskusno in referenčno snov,