natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Broadcasters would face obstacles in developing and delivering interactive services because they would have to negotiate with vertically-integrated network operators, in control of proprietary API technologies.
Izdajatelji televizijskega programa bi naleteli na ovire pri razvoju in zagotavljanju interaktivnih storitev, saj bi se morali pogajati z vertikalno povezanimi omrežnimi operaterji pri nadzoru zaščitenih tehnologij vmesnikov aplikacijskih programov (API).
Open APIs facilitate interoperability, i.e. portability of interactive content between delivery mechanisms with full functionality of the content intact.
Odprti vmesniki aplikacijskih programov (API-ji) lajšajo medobratovalnost, tj. prenosljivost interaktivnih vsebin med mehanizmi prenosa, pri čemer ostaja polna funkcionalnost vsebin nespremenjena.
The Commission also emphasises that the MHP standard is currently the most advanced open API standard in Europe and that the Commission will take additional measures to promote the voluntary adoption of this standard.
Komisija prav tako poudarja, da je standard MHP trenutno najbolj napreden odprt standard vmesnika aplikacijskih programov (API) v Evropi in da bo Komisija sprejela dodatne ukrepe za spodbujanje prostovoljnega sprejetja tega standarda.
One way of reducing the additional costs to consumers of equipment incorporating standard execution engines such as MHP is to subsidise purchases at the level of the consumer.
En način znižanja dodatnih stroškov za uporabnike opreme, ki vključuje standardne izvršilne platforme, kot je MHP, je subvencioniranje nakupov na ravni uporabnika.
It concludes that the Member States may therefore offer consumer subsidies.
Komisija sklepa, da zato države članice lahko ponujajo subvencije za uporabnike.
Second, even if many of these benefits — in particular the benefits not linked to commercial activities — are for the future, this is not a reason to believe that the measure will not contribute to achieving an objective of common interest.
Drugič, tudi če so številne izmed teh koristi, zlasti koristi, ki niso povezane s komercialnimi dejavnostmi, namenjene prihodnosti, to ni razlog, zaradi katerega bi lahko verjeli, da ukrep ne bo prispeval k dosegi cilja skupnega interesa.
Nor does the Commission believe that the fact that the only observable benefits are currently linked to commercial activities implies that no objective of common interest is involved.
Komisija prav tako ne verjame, da dejstvo, da so edine opazne koristi trenutno povezane s komercialnimi dejavnostmi, pomeni, da ni vključen noben cilj skupnega interesa.
Indeed, benefits for consumers are not only an essential part of any competition policy, but also a positive consequence of government intervention, and increasing consumers’ well-being can very well be part of the definition of common interest.
Koristi za uporabnike dejansko niso samo bistven del vseh konkurenčnih politik, temveč so tudi pozitivna posledica vladnega ukrepanja, povečanje blaginje uporabnikov pa je lahko vsekakor del definicije skupnega interesa.
Therefore the Commission holds its view that the measure is aimed at a well-defined objective of common interest.
Komisija zato vztraja pri svojem stališču, da je ukrep namenjen natančno opredeljenemu cilju skupnega interesa.
In the decision to initiate the procedure the Commission recognised that the switchover may be hindered by certain market failures and problems of social cohesion so that, in principle, consumer subsidies are an acceptable way of promoting the switchover, provided they respect the principle of technological neutrality.
V odločitvi o sprožitvi postopka je Komisija priznala, da lahko prehod ovirajo določene tržne nepopolnosti in težave socialne kohezije, tako da so subvencije uporabnikom načeloma sprejemljiv način spodbujanja prehoda, pod pogojem, da spoštujejo načelo tehnološke nevtralnosti.
The Commission expressed its preliminary view on the measure in question as regards the possible types of market failure or social problems and also, in particular, the markets related to broadcasters, namely:
Komisija je izrazila svoje predhodno stališče o zadevnem ukrepu glede možnih vrst tržnih nepopolnosti ali družbenih problemih in zlasti trgih, ki se nanašajo na izdajatelje televizijskega programa, in sicer:
The development of digital terrestrial broadcasting may be hampered by a coordination problem between market players.
razvoj digitalne prizemne radiodifuzije lahko ovira težava z usklajevanjem med udeleženci na trgu;
The measure is compensation for consumers that need to update their analogue equipment.
ukrep je nadomestilo za uporabnike, ki morajo posodobiti svojo analogno opremo;
The presence of market power may prevent the market from achieving the full benefits of competition between operators.
obstoj tržne moči lahko trgu prepreči dosego polnih koristi konkurence med operaterji;
The switchover may have positive externalities due to better use of the frequency spectrum.
prehod ima lahko pozitivne zunanje učinke zaradi boljše uporabe frekvenčnega spektra;
The measure promotes innovation and development of new services, a particular type of externality.
ukrep spodbuja inovativnost in razvoj novih storitev, posebni vrsti zunanjega učinka.
As regards these points, first it should be assessed whether these are true market failures that prevent the market from achieving economic efficiency.
V zvezi s temi točkami je treba oceniti, ali so to dejansko tržne nepopolnosti, ki trgu preprečujejo dosego gospodarske učinkovitosti.
Second, whether State aid is the appropriate remedy to correct them and, third, if the aid granted is the minimum necessary to achieve the objective.
Drugič, oceniti je treba, ali je državna pomoč ustrezno pravno sredstvo za njihovo odpravo, in tretjič, ali je dodeljena pomoč minimum, ki je potreben za dosego tega cilja.
The coordination problem
Težava z usklajevanjem
In the decision to initiate the procedure the Commission acknowledged that the coordination problem between market players may in principle represent a ‘market failure’ because broadcasters need to agree on common dates for the switchover in order to minimise the costs of parallel transmission, particularly as the frequency spectrum is insufficient to transmit analogue and digital TV signals in parallel (so-called simulcast phase).
V odločitvi o sprožitvi postopka je Komisija priznala, da je lahko težava z usklajevanjem med udeleženci na trgu načeloma „tržna nepopolnost“, saj se morajo izdajatelji televizijskega programa dogovoriti o skupnih datumih za prehod za znižanje stroškov hkratnega prenosa, zlasti zato, ker frekvenčni spekter ne zadostuje za hkraten prenos analognih in digitalnih televizijskih signalov (tako imenovana faza hkratnega prenosa).
Consumers might not be willing to shift to the digital platform until it can carry a large number of broadcasters.
Uporabniki morda ne bodo pripravljeni na prehod na digitalno platformo, dokler ne bo na njej veliko izdajateljev televizijskega programa.
Accordingly, broadcasters might want to wait for other operators before moving to the digital platform.
Zato bodo izdajatelji televizijskega programa pred prehodom na digitalno platformo morda želeli počakati na druge operaterje.
Without coordination among operators, this approach might delay the switchover.
Brez usklajevanja med operaterji bi ta pristop lahko odložil prehod.
It is therefore worth limiting the length of the simulcast phase and achieving simultaneous switchover of broadcasters.
Zato se splača omejiti dolžino faze hkratnega prenosa in doseči hkraten prehod izdajateljev televizijskega programa.
However, the Commission considers that the measure is not the appropriate instrument for targeting such a market failure.
Komisija meni, da ukrep ni ustrezen instrument za obravnavo take tržne nepopolnosti.
Indeed, the existence of a mandatory deadline for switchover — 31 December 2006 at the time the measure was implemented — already seems sufficient to help broadcasters plan a coordinated transition to the new platform and consumers to adapt to the new transmission technology.
Zdi se, da obstoj obveznega roka za prehod – 31. december 2006 v času izvajanja ukrepa – dejansko že zadostna pomoč izdajateljem televizijskega programa pri načrtovanju usklajenega prehoda na novo platformo in uporabnikom pri prilagoditvi na novo tehnologijo prenosa.
Subsidies to consumers may increase demand for DTT services but do not specifically address the issue of coordination between market players.
Subvencije uporabnikom lahko povečajo povpraševanje po storitvah DTT, vendar ne obravnavajo posebej vprašanja usklajevanja med udeleženci na trgu.
On the first aspect, Italy commented that the existence of a binding deadline is insufficient to secure switch-off in the absence of demand stimulus because consumers not interested in pay-TV would not be willing, given that the incumbent terrestrial broadcasters have no interest in subsidising consumers' purchase of the decoder in this situation.
Italija je v zvezi s prvim vidikom izrazila pripombo, da obstoj zavezujočega roka ne zadostuje za zagotovitev izklopa ob neobstoječem spodbujanju povpraševanja, saj uporabniki, ki niso zainteresirani za plačljivo televizijo, ne bi bili pripravljeni glede na dejstvo, da prvotni prizemni izdajatelji televizijskega programa niso zainteresirani za subvencioniranje nakupa sprejemnika uporabnikom v teh razmerah.
Consequently, given the competitive situation of the incumbents in the analogue terrestrial sector and the fact that consumers mostly used analogue terrestrial TV, no operator had any incentive to start the digitisation process.
Glede na konkurenčne razmere prvotnih operaterjev v analognem prizemnem sektorju in dejstvo, da so uporabniki pretežno uporabljali analogno prizemno televizijo, ni imel noben operater posledično spodbude za začetek procesa digitalizacije.
The Commission maintains its opinion that the existence of a legislative deadline is a sufficient instrument to solve the market failure due to the need for coordination.
Komisija vztraja pri svojem mnenju, da je obstoj zakonskega roka zadosten instrument za odpravo tržne nepopolnosti zaradi potrebe po usklajevanju.
As the Italian authorities had taken the decision to start the switchover process and had set a statutory deadline for switch-off of the analogue mode, incumbent broadcasters had to take this as an established fact and, as a consequence, had to develop new commercial strategies.
Ker so italijanski organi sprejeli odločitev o začetku procesa prehoda in določili obvezen rok za prehod na analogni način, so morali prvotni izdajatelji televizijskega programa to sprejeti kot neizpodbitno dejstvo in posledično razviti nove komercialne strategije.
Possible difficulties arising from low demand have to be assessed as a separate issue and not linked to the need for coordination between market players.
Morebitne težave, ki izhajajo iz majhnega povpraševanja, je treba oceniti kot ločeno zadevo in se jih ne sme povezati s potrebo po usklajevanju med udeleženci na trgu.
In any event, the Commission considers that, given the huge size of the terrestrial TV market in Italy, the risk that a critical mass of consumers is not reached — sufficient to justify investment in digital terrestrial — is not so great that commercial operators could not cope with it.
Komisija v vsakem primeru meni, da glede na precejšnjo velikost prizemnega televizijskega trga v Italiji tveganje, da se kritična masa uporabnikov ne doseže, kar zadošča za utemeljitev naložbe v digitalno prizemno televizijo, ni tako veliko, da ga komercialni operaterji ne bi mogli obvladati.
Compensation for consumers
Nadomestilo za uporabnike
In the decision to initiate the procedure the Commission maintained that offering compensation to consumers that need to update their analogue equipment is a necessary step for a smooth switchover process.
V odločitvi o sprožitvi postopka je Komisija trdila, da je zagotovitev nadomestila uporabnikom, ki morajo posodobiti svojo analogno opremo, nujen ukrep za gladek proces prehoda.
Although this argument justifies aid to consumers, it does not justify the discrimination between the terrestrial and the satellite platforms because there is no need to guide consumers towards one digital platform, as is the case with this measure.
Čeprav ta argument upravičuje pomoč uporabnikom, pa ne upravičuje razlikovanja med prizemnimi in satelitskimi platformami, ker ne obstaja potreba po usmerjanju uporabnikov k eni digitalni platformi, kot velja pri tem ukrepu.
In its submissions Italy simply reiterated the previous argument that the measure contains the requirement that decoders must allow the reception of free-to-air television at no cost to the user, which would already exclude the satellite platform from the benefits of the measure because the main satellite operator, Sky Italia, requires a fee to access its programmes.
Italija je v svojih stališčih samo ponovila prejšnji argument, da ukrep vključuje zahtevo, da morajo sprejemniki omogočati sprejem brezplačne televizije brez stroškov za uporabnika, kar bi že izključilo satelitsko platformo iz koristi ukrepa, saj glavni satelitski operater, družba Sky Italia, zahteva plačilo za dostop do svojih programov.
However, the Commission notes that a free-to-air offer is also available on satellite to consumers without a subscription to Sky.
Komisija ugotavlja, da je na satelitski platformi na voljo brezplačna ponudba tudi uporabnikom, ki niso naročniki družbe Sky.
In addition, there seem to be no reasons to exclude from the subsidy consumers that choose to switch to digital services offered on a subscription basis.
Poleg tega se zdi, da ne obstajajo razlogi, da se uporabniki, ki se odločijo za prehod na digitalne storitve, ki se ponujajo na podlagi naročnine, izključijo iz subvencije.
Indeed, Italy itself accepts this approach when granting the subsidy to consumers on the cable platform, which requires a subscription.
Dejansko tudi sama Italija sprejema ta pristop pri dodeljevanju subvencije uporabnikom na kabelski platformi, ki zahteva naročnino.
If the no-cost requirement has to be interpreted as an additional cost necessary for receiving the free-to-air channels compared to the costs already paid by the consumer to receive other services provided by the broadcaster, then also subscribers to satellite TV do not bear additional costs in order to watch free-to-air TV.
Če je treba zahtevo po odsotnosti stroškov razlagati kot dodaten strošek, ki je potreben za sprejemanje brezplačnih kanalov v primerjavi s stroški, ki jih uporabnik plača za sprejem drugih storitev, ki jih zagotavlja izdajatelj televizijskega programa, potem niti naročniki satelitske televizije ne krijejo dodatnih stroškov za gledanje brezplačne televizije.
On the other hand, if the provision is interpreted as meaning that the consumer must bear no cost at all in order to receive free-to-air channels, it is unclear why the subsidy is given to decoders of other platforms which require payment of a subscription fee for certain telecom and internet services.
Na drugi strani, če se določba razlaga v smislu, da uporabnik ne sme kriti nobenih stroškov za sprejem brezplačnih kanalov, ni jasno, zakaj se subvencija dodeljuje sprejemnikom drugih platform, ki zahtevajo plačilo naročnine za določene telekomunikacijske in internetne storitve.
Italy considers that the differential treatment between S-DVB and C-DVB can be justified by the current policy of encouraging the diffusion of broadband.
Italija meni, da je mogoče različno obravnavo S-DVB in C-DVB utemeljiti s sedanjo politiko spodbujanja razširjanja širokopasovnosti.
The Commission cannot accept this argument because support for broadband cannot justify distortion between broadcasters and any possible aid to broadband has to be duly considered and assessed on its own merits.
Komisija ne more sprejeti tega argumenta, ker podpora širokopasovnosti ne more utemeljiti izkrivljanja konkurence med izdajatelji televizijskega programa in ker je treba vsako možno pomoč širokopasovnosti ustrezno proučiti in oceniti posebej.
Strengthening of competition between the different distribution platforms
Krepitev konkurence med različnimi distribucijskimi platformami
In the decision to initiate the procedure, the Commission recalled that aid is not an appropriate instrument to target lack of competition and that providing an aid measure to the terrestrial technology because Sky Italia enjoys a monopolistic position on the satellite broadcasting market and the pay-TV market is not a valid argument for compatibility.
V odločitvi o sprožitvi postopka je Komisija opozorila, da pomoč ni ustrezen instrument za reševanje pomanjkanja konkurence in da zagotovitev ukrepa pomoči prizemni tehnologiji, ker ima družba Sky Italia monopolni položaj na trgu satelitske radiodifuzije in trgu plačljive televizije, ni utemeljen argument za združljivost.
The Commission emphasises that the commitments required in the context of News Corporation's acquisition of control of Telepiù and Stream already address competition concerns.
Komisija poudarja, da obveznosti, zahtevane v okviru pridobitve nadzora družbe News Corporation nad družbama Telepiù in Stream, že obravnavata pomisleke glede konkurence.
Indeed, the fact that it is impossible, in particular for Sky, to acquire rights on all platforms for the transmission of live football events clearly favours the other pay-TV operators, including digital terrestrial broadcasters.
Dejstvo, da je nemogoče, zlasti za družbo Sky, pridobiti pravice na vseh platformah za prenos nogometnih tekem v živo, dejansko daje jasno prednost drugim operaterjem plačljive televizije, vključno z digitalnimi prizemnimi izdajatelji televizijskega programa.
Existence of externalities
Obstoj zunanjih učinkov
In the decision to initiate the procedure the Commission argued that incumbent analogue broadcasters were already being favoured in the switchover process because the digital licences were granted automatically and without any State compensation to network operators connected to the broadcasters.
V odločitvi o sprožitvi postopka je Komisija trdila, da prvotni analogni operaterji že imajo prednost v procesu prehoda, ker so bile digitalne licence dodeljene samodejno in brez vsakega državnega nadomestila omrežnim operaterjem, povezanim z izdajatelji televizijskega programa.
These elements seemed sufficient to compensate broadcasters for the costs of digital switchover.
Ti elementi so se zdeli zadostni za nadomestitev stroškov digitalnega prehoda izdajateljem televizijskega programa.
Italy and Mediaset hold that this argument does not take into account the true costs/benefits of the switchover, considering that the main beneficiaries of the switchover (the entrants) differ from those who bear the cost of the switchover (consumers and, especially, the incumbents).
Italija in družba Mediaset menita, da ta argument ne upošteva resničnih stroškov/koristi prehoda glede na to, da se glavni upravičenci prehoda (novi operaterji) razlikujejo od tistih, ki krijejo stroške prehoda (uporabniki in zlasti prvotni operaterji).
Cost reduction does not compensate incumbents for increased competition given that they are obliged to release 40 % of their capacity to independent producers.
Znižanje stroškov prvotnim operaterjem ne nadomesti škode, ki nastane zaradi večje konkurence glede na to, da morajo sprostiti 40 % svojih zmogljivosti neodvisnim proizvajalcem.
Therefore, incumbents do not have incentives to switch-off and, if there is any advantage to analogue broadcasters, this should be considered as compensation for the costs incurred by incumbents.
Prvotni operaterji zato nimajo spodbud za izklop in če obstaja katera koli prednost za analogne izdajatelje televizijskega programa, jo je treba obravnavati kot nadomestilo za stroške, ki nastanejo prvotnim operaterjem.
The Commission considers that the above argument is based on an incorrect assumption, namely that the losses that incumbents with market power may suffer as a result of increased competition in the market should be compensated for.
Komisija meni, da zgornji argument temelji na napačni domnevi, in sicer da je treba nadomestiti izgube, ki jih lahko utrpijo prvotni operaterji s tržno močjo zaradi povečane konkurence na trgu.
A mandatory switchover or a reallocation of frequencies that provides room for new entrants is a legitimate regulatory intervention that does not call for compensation, in particular bearing in mind that previous licences have been awarded without competitive bidding or a time limit.
Obvezen prehod ali ponovna dodelitev frekvenc, ki zagotavlja prostor za nove operaterje, je zakonit regulativen ukrep, ki ne zahteva nadomestila, pri čemer je treba zlasti upoštevati, da so bile predhodne licence dodeljene brez javnega zbiranja ponudb ali roka.
Accordingly, the loss of revenue suffered by incumbent broadcasters should not be taken into account in determining the costs of switchover.
V skladu s tem se izgube prihodkov, ki jo utrpijo prvotni izdajatelji televizijskega programa, ne sme upoštevati pri določanju stroškov prehoda.
Another argument put forward by Mediaset is that if it were to finance the cost of open-technology decoders itself, it would be subject to free-riding by competitors as consumers could also watch other channels via the decoders financed by Mediaset.
Drugi argument, ki ga je predstavila družba Mediset, je, da bi postala, če bi morala sama financirati stroške sprejemnikov odprte tehnologije, žrtev parazitiranja drugih konkurentov, saj bi uporabniki lahko gledali tudi druge kanale prek sprejemnikov, ki bi jih financirala družba Mediaset.
The Commission does not completely reject this argument, although it considers that broadcasters might have an interest in providing a wider offer to viewers — also including competitors' channels.
Komisija tega argumenta ne zavrača v celoti, čeprav meni, da so lahko izdajatelji televizijskega programa zainteresirani za zagotavljanje širše ponudbe gledalcem, kar vključuje tudi kanale konkurentov.
This is particularly true in the case of the Italian market, where consumers are used to viewing free-to-air TV and where with the subsidised open decoders it is possible to replicate, using the new digital technology, the framework that currently exists for analogue technology (with the addition of pay-TV).
To še zlasti drži za italijanski trg, kjer so uporabniki vajeni gledati brezplačno televizijo in kjer je s subvencioniranimi odprtimi sprejemniki mogoče z uporabo nove digitalne tehnologije reproducirati okvir, ki trenutno obstaja za analogno tehnologijo (z dodatkom plačljive televizije).
In this context it is only to be expected for the main broadcasters to bear the cost of subsidising the purchase of decoders and to suffer some ‘free-riding’.
V takih razmerah je mogoče samo pričakovati, da bodo glavni izdajatelji televizijskega programa krili stroške subvencioniranja nakupa sprejemnikov in utrpeli določeno stopnjo „parazitiranja“.
In any event, the Commission accepts that the State might intervene to stimulate demand to help broadcasters cope with the costs of the switchover, in view of the externalities involved and the possible free-riding issues.
Komisija v vsakem primeru sprejema, da lahko država ukrepa za spodbuditev povpraševanja in tako pomaga izdajateljem televizijskega programa, da se spopadejo s stroški prehoda zaradi vključenih zunanjih učinkov in možnih težav parazitiranja.
However, it considers that these arguments cannot justify the fact that the aid is selectively aimed at terrestrial TV and excludes the competing satellite platform.
Kljub temu Komisija meni, da ti argumenti ne morejo upravičiti dejstva, da je pomoč selektivno usmerjena na prizemno televizijo in izključuje konkurenčno satelitsko platformo.