natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Whereas the in-depth investigation confirmed that switching costs exist, it also showed that they have not prevented significant switching in the past.
Poglobljena raziskava je potrdila, da stroški prehoda so, pokazala pa je tudi, da v preteklosti niso preprečili pomembnih prehodov.
In the period 2003 to 2006, several TAs moved from Galileo to Amadeus.
V obdobju od leta 2003 do 2006 je več potovalnih agencij prešlo od podjetja Galileo k podjetju Amadeus.
In addition, Worldspan lost two of its major customers in this period, […] and […].
Poleg tega je podjetje Worldspan v tem obdobju izgubilo dva velika uporabnika, […] in […].
Even if switching cost exist, it seems unlikely that the transaction would lead to competition concerns due to the parties' high combined market shares downstream.
Tudi če stroški prehoda obstajajo, se ne zdi verjetno, da bi transakcija povzročila pomisleke glede konkurence zaradi velikih skupnih tržnih deležev strank na prodajnem trgu.
This is because of (i) the negative evolution of the parties' joint market shares, (ii) the intense competition between GDSs, even on national markets where they have high market shares downstream, as evidenced by the increase over time in incentives paid to TAs in such national markets and (iii) the generally positive views of the TAs on the merger which is based on their conviction that the merger will create a strong alternative to Amadeus.
To pa zaradi (i) negativnega razvoja skupnih tržnih deležev strank, (ii) močne konkurence med ponudniki GDS, celo na nacionalnih trgih, kjer imajo na prodajnih trgih velike tržne deleže, kar dokazuje povečanje spodbujevalnih plačil v zadnjih letih, plačanih potovalnim agencijam na teh nacionalnih trgih, in (iii) na splošno pozitivnih stališč potovalnih agencij do združitve, ki temeljijo na njihovem prepričanju, da bo združitev ustvarila močno nadomestno možnost podjetju Amadeus.
Therefore, the Commission concludes in the Decision that non-coordinated effects are unlikely to be created as a result of the merger with respect to the downstream markets.
Komisija zato v odločbi ugotavlja, da združitev verjetno ne bo povzročila neusklajenih učinkov v zvezi s prodajnimi trgi.
Furthermore, the in-depth investigation further analysed the possibility of coordinated effects on both the upstream and downstream side of the GDS market.
Poleg tega je bila v poglobljeni raziskavi nadalje analizirana možnost usklajenih učinkov na nabavni in prodajni strani trga GDS.
Upstream
Nabavna stran trga
Reaching terms of coordination
Doseganje pogojev usklajevanja
Generally, the less complex and the more stable the economic environment, the easier it is for companies to reach a common understanding on the terms of coordination.
Na splošno velja, da čim manj zapleteno in tem bolj stabilno je gospodarsko okolje, tem lažje družbe dosežejo skupni dogovor o pogojih usklajevanja.
In this context volatile demand, substantial internal growth by some firms in the market or frequent entry by new firms may indicate that the situation is not sufficiently stable to make coordination likely.
V tem smislu lahko spremenljivo povpraševanje, precejšnja notranja rast nekaterih podjetij na trgu ali pogost vstop novih podjetij kažejo, da stanje ni dovolj stabilno, da bi bilo usklajevanje verjetno.
Although during the last five years no significant GDS market entry took place, the market share evolution of the last five years confirms that the economic environment in which the GDSs compete in the EEA has been subject to considerable change.
Čeprav v zadnjih petih letih ni bilo nobenega pomembnega vstopa na trg GDS, razvoj tržnega deleža v zadnjih petih letih potrjuje, da se je gospodarsko okolje, v katerem ponudniki GDS konkurirajo v EEA, precej spremenilo.
Further, the growth of ‘supplier.com’ during the last five years should be taken into account as a destabilising factor in reaching terms of coordination in the GDS market.
Poleg tega je treba rast kanalov „supplier.com“ v zadnjih petih letih upoštevati kot destabilizirajoči dejavnik pri doseganju pogojev usklajevanja na trgu GDS.
The market investigation also confirmed that most airlines foresee a further growth of their direct sales via ‘supplier.com’.
Raziskava trga je potrdila tudi, da večina letalskih prevoznikov predvideva nadaljnjo rast svojih neposrednih prodaj prek kanalov „supplier.com“.
For rental car companies and hotels the distribution of travel content by means of GDS represents a relatively small part of their bookings.
Za družbe za izposojo avtomobilov in hotele pomeni distribucija vsebine potovanj prek GDS razmeroma majhen del njihovih rezervacij.
Even if the above circumstances do not totally rule out the possibility of reaching terms of coordination between the three remaining GDSs on the upstream market, the Commission concludes in the Decision that these circumstances would render such coordination more difficult and thus unlikely.
Tudi če zgornje okoliščine ne izključijo popolnoma možnosti, da preostali trije ponudniki GDS na nabavnem trgu dosežejo pogoje usklajevanja, Komisija v odločbi ugotavlja, bi te okoliščine otežile tako usklajevanje in zato do usklajevanja verjetno ne bi prišlo.
Monitoring of deviations
Spremljanje odstopanj
Only the credible threat of timely and sufficient retaliation keeps companies away from deviating from terms of coordination.
Samo verjetna grožnja takojšnih in zadostnih prisilnih ukrepov odvrača družbe od odstopanja od pogojev usklajevanja.
This requires that markets are sufficiently transparent to allow coordinating companies to monitor to a sufficient degree whether companies are deviating.
To zahteva zadostno preglednost trgov, ki družbam, ki se usklajujejo, omogoča, da ustrezno spremljajo, ali družbe odstopajo.
Although, the services offered by a GDS are of a rather homogeneous nature, the pricing structure and the product offerings of all GDSs are complex.
Čeprav so storitve, ki jih ponuja ponudnik GDS, homogene, so cenovne strukture in ponudbe proizvodov vseh ponudnikov GDS kompleksne.
Currently, in the EEA, GDSs apply different types of agreements in parallel, i.e. standard Participating Carrier Agreements (PCAs) and full content agreements, sometimes complemented by ‘opt-in’ agreements.
Ponudniki GDS v EGP trenutno uporabljajo različne vrste pogodb vzporedno, to so standardne pogodbe o sodelujočem prevozniku in pogodbe o polni vsebini, ki jih včasih dopolnjujejo pogodbe o možnosti vključitve („opt-in“).
The differences in and variety of both the pricing structures and the product offerings in these agreements make sustained coordination impracticable.
Zaradi razlik v cenovnih strukturah in ponudbah proizvodov ter raznolikosti cenovnih struktur in ponudb proizvodov v teh pogodbah je trajnostno usklajevanje neizvedljivo.
The transparency on the market that remains is further reduced by the fact that GDSs modify product offerings and price structures on a regular basis.
Preglednost trga, ki ostaja, še naprej zmanjšuje dejstvo, da ponudniki GDS redno spreminjajo ponudbe proizvodov in cenovne strukture.
Although it would appear from the market investigation that the contracts between GDSs and rental car companies and hotels seem less complex in structure, they would still not provide the level of transparency which would make coordination feasible.
Čeprav bi bilo iz raziskave trga razvidno, da je struktura pogodb med globalnimi distribucijskimi sistemi ter družbami za izposojo avtomobilov in hoteli manj kompleksna, pogodbe še vedno ne bi zagotovile take stopnje preglednosti, da bi bilo usklajevanje izvedljivo.
A number of respondents to the market investigation pointed to the existence of so-called ‘Most Favoured Nation’ (MFN) clauses in their agreements with GDSs.
Številni sodelujoči v raziskavi trga so opozorili na obstoj tako imenovanih klavzul „držav z največjimi ugodnostmi“ v njihovih pogodbah s ponudniki GDS.
The use of these clauses might increase price transparency.
Uporaba teh klavzul lahko poveča preglednost cen.
It was confirmed however by the market investigation, that in most cases the MFN clauses relate to the obligation on the TSPs to provide the GDS content parity, and are therefore merely a reflection of the obligations laid down in the Code of Conduct.
Vendar je raziskava trga potrdila, da so klavzule držav z največjimi ugodnostmi večinoma v zvezi z obvezo ponudnikov turističnih storitev, da zagotovijo enakost vsebine GDS, in zato samo izražajo obveze iz kodeksa ravnanja.
Considering the characteristics of the relevant markets, and in particular, the limited degree of transparency, the Commission considers in the Decision that it would be difficult for the three remaining GDSs to effectively monitor deviations from the coordinated behaviour.
Glede na značilnosti upoštevnih trgov in zlasti omejene stopnje preglednosti Komisija v odločbi meni, da bi preostali trije ponudniki GDS težko učinkovito spremljali odstopanja od usklajenega ravnanja.
Deterrent mechanisms
Odvračilni mehanizmi
Coordination is not sustainable unless the consequences of deviation are sufficiently severe to convince coordinating companies that it is in their best interest to adhere to the terms of the coordination.
Usklajevanje ni trajnostno, če niso posledice odstopanja dovolj resne, da prepričajo podjetja, ki se usklajujejo, da je v njihovo korist, če se držijo pogojev usklajevanja.
Immediate retaliation through the reduction by the coordinating GDSs of the fees charged to TSPs would be ineffective to retaliate against the deviating GDS, since it would not provoke switching behaviour by TSPs, considering that they need the services of all four GDSs.
Takojšnji povračilni ukrep v taki obliki, da ponudniki GDS, ki se usklajujejo, zmanjšajo pristojbine, ki jih zaračunavajo ponudniki turističnih storitev, ne bi bil učinkovit povračilni ukrep proti ponudnikom GDS, ki odstopajo od usklajevanja, ker ne bi spodbudil prehoda ponudnikov turističnih storitev k drugemu ponudniku GDS, ker ponudniki turističnih storitev potrebujejo storitve vseh štirih ponudnikov GDS.
A more realistic retaliatory measure would be for a GDS to offer certain important TAs who use the services of the deviating GDS higher incentives or direct lump sum payments in order to provoke a switch from the deviating GDS to a different GDS.
Stvarnejši povračilni ukrep bi bil, da ponudnik GDS ponudi nekaterim pomembnim potovalnim agencijam, ki uporabljajo storitve ponudnika GDS, ki odstopa od usklajevanja, večja spodbujevalna ali neposredna pavšalna plačila ter tako spodbudi prehod od ponudnika GDS, ki odstopa od usklajevanja, k drugemu ponudniku GDS.
Although such measures would be possible, it would be a costly strategy as the incentive payments offered to the TAs has to be sufficiently large to provoke TAs to switch of GDSs.
Čeprav bi bili taki ukrepi možni, bi to bila draga strategija, ker morajo biti spodbujevalna plačila, ki se ponudijo potovalnim agencijam, dovolj velika, da spodbudijo potovalne agencije k zamenjavi ponudnika GDS.
The Commission therefore concludes in the Decision that retaliation by means of increased incentive payments to TAs cannot be excluded by itself.
Komisija zato v odločbi ugotavlja, da povračilni ukrep v obliki povečanih spodbujevalnih plačil potovalnim agencijam ne more biti izključen sam po sebi.
Reactions of outsiders
Odzivi zunanjih podjetij
For coordination to be successful, the actions of non-coordinating companies and potential competitors, as well as customers, should not be able to jeopardise the outcome expected from the coordination.
Da bi bilo usklajevanje uspešno, dejanja družb, ki ne sodelujejo v usklajevanju, in potencialnih konkurentov ter uporabnikov ne smejo imeti možnosti ogrožati pričakovani rezultat usklajevanja.
In the present case there would seem to be significant competitive constraints present on the market which would destabilise any attempt at coordination.
V tem primeru bi bile na trgu pomembne konkurenčne ovire, ki bi destabilizirale vsak poskus usklajevanja.
These constraints would in particular stem from the possibility of TSPs to withhold content and make this content only available via a direct distribution channel such as ‘supplier.com’.
Te ovire bi izvirale zlasti iz možnosti ponudnikov turističnih storitev, da pridržijo vsebino in jo dajo na voljo samo prek neposrednega distribucijskega kanala, kot je „supplier.com“.
In addition, coordination leading to price increases could provoke TSPs in the EEA to invest more in the development of alternatives to GDSs such as GNE's and direct links.
Poleg tega bi lahko usklajevanje, ki vodi k povišanju cen, spodbudilo ponudnike turističnih storitev v EGP, da vložijo več v razvoj nadomestnih možnosti za elektronske distribucijske sisteme, kot so novi konkurenti GDS in neposredne povezave.
Considering the circumstances described above and the fact that the criteria that have to be fulfilled in order to show coordinated effects are cumulative, the merger is unlikely to result in coordinated effects on the EU market for the supply of GDS services to TSPs.
Glede na okoliščine, opisane zgoraj, in dejstvo, da merila, ki morajo biti izpolnjena kot dokaz, da so usklajeni učinki kumulativni, združitev verjetno ne bo povzročila usklajenih učinkov na trgu EU za dobavo storitev GDS ponudnikom turističnih storitev.
Downstream
Prodajna stran trga
The issue of coordination could in principle also arise on the downstream market which covers the relationship between GDSs and TAs.
Vprašanje usklajevanja lahko načeloma zadeva tudi prodajni trg, ki obsega razmerje med ponudniki GDS in potovalnimi agencijami.
The downstream markets in the EEA are characterised by significant differences in market shares between the four GDSs on a country by country basis.
Za prodajni trg v EGS so značilne velike razlike v tržnih deležih med štirimi ponudniki GDS po državah.
Competition between GDSs on the downstream market is strong and does not show signs of coordinated behaviour.
Konkurenca med ponudniki GDS na prodajnem trgu je močna in ne kaže znakov usklajenega ravnanja.
During the last […] years Galileo and Worldspan have lost […] market shares to Amadeus.
V zadnjih […] letih sta podjetji Galileo in Worldspan izgubili […] tržnih deležev na račun podjetja Amadeus.
Moreover, the market investigation confirms that competition between GDSs for contracts with TAs is currently intense, a fact which is reflected by the increase of the incentive payments by GDSs to TAs over the last five years.
Poleg tega raziskava trga potrjuje, da je konkurenca med ponudniki GDS za pogodbe s potovalnimi agencijami trenutno močna; to je dejstvo, ki ga izraža povečanje spodbujevalnih plačil ponudnikov GDS potovalnim agencijam v zadnjih petih letih.
The above suggests that the market positions of the merging firms on most downstream markets are relatively unstable, a circumstance which would complicate reaching agreement on terms of coordination.
Navedeno kaže, da so tržni položaji podjetij, ki se združujeta, na večini prodajnih trgov razmeroma nestabilni, kar pomeni okoliščine, ki bi lahko otežile dosego dogovora o pogojih usklajevanja.
The terms and conditions of TA contracts are generally non-transparent since they are negotiated individually between TAs and GDSs.
Pogoji pogodb potovalnih agencij navadno niso pregledni, ker so predmet posameznih pogajanj med potovalnimi agencijami in ponudniki GDS.
GDSs have no visibility into the complex terms and conditions offered by competing GDSs.
Ponudniki GDS nimajo vpogleda v kompleksne pogoje, ki jih ponujajo konkurenčni ponudniki GDS.
Although some price transparency may exist as a result of a possible exchange of information between TAs and GDSs in the context of contract negotiations, the fact that most contracts are individually negotiated would significantly limit the degree of transparency that might result of this.
Čeprav lahko obstaja neka preglednost cen zaradi možne izmenjave informacij med potovalnimi agencijami in ponudniki GDS v okviru pogajanj o pogodbah, bi dejstvo, da o večini pogodb potekajo individualna pogajanja, zelo omejilo stopnjo preglednosti, ki je lahko posledica tega.
Therefore, the possibilities to successfully monitor coordinated behaviour would seem very limited, because it would require a monitoring of the level of content, functionalities, services, financial assistance, bonuses and other terms and conditions that each GDS offers to individual travel agencies.
Možnosti uspešnega spremljanja usklajenega ravnanja bi bile zato omejene, ker bi bilo treba spremljati ravni vsebine, funkcij, storitev, finančne pomoči, nagrad in drugih pogojev, ki jih posamezen ponudnik GDS ponudi posameznim potovalnim agencijam.
Considering the limited degree of transparency on the downstream side of the market, the Commission concludes in the Decision that it would be difficult for the three remaining GDSs to monitor deviations from the coordinated behaviour.
Ob upoštevanju omejene stopnje preglednosti na prodajni strani trga Komisija v odločbi ugotavlja, da bi preostali trije ponudniki GDS težko spremljali odstopanja od usklajenega ravnanja.
The deterrent mechanisms that can be applied are essentially the same as the ones discussed in relation to the upstream market.
Odvračilni mehanizmi, ki se lahko uporabijo, so pravzaprav enaki mehanizmom, ki so bili obravnavani v zvezi z nabavnim trgom.
In case of coordinated behaviour, there are not many readily available alternatives for TAs to turn to.
Pri usklajenem ravnanju potovalne agencije nimajo na voljo veliko nadomestnih možnosti, na katere se lahko obrnejo.
The use of ‘supplier.com’ is too burdensome for TAs and the other alternatives to GDSs are currently not well developed enough in the EEA to constitute adequate alternatives.
Uporaba kanalov „supplier.com“ je za potovalne agencije preveč obremenilna, druge nadomestne možnosti za GDS pa trenutno v EGP niso dovolj dobro razvite, da bi predstavljale ustrezne nadomestke.
Considering the fact that the criteria that have to be fulfilled in order to show coordinated effects are cumulative, the Commission concludes in the Decision that also on the downstream side of the market the merger is unlikely to result in coordinated effects.
Ob upoštevanju dejstva, da morajo biti za dokaz, da so usklajeni učinki kumulativni, izpolnjena merila, Komisija v odločbi ugotavlja, da tudi na prodajni strani trga združitev verjetno ne bo povzročila usklajenih učinkov.
The Commission concludes in the Decision that the proposed concentration will not give raise to any competition concerns as a result of which effective competition would be significantly impeded in the Common Market or in a substantial part of it.
Komisija v odločbi ugotavlja, da predlagana koncentracija ne bo povzročila nobenih pomislekov glede konkurence, zaradi katerih bi bila učinkovita konkurenca na skupnem trgu ali na njegovem večjem delu močno ovirana.
Consequently, the Commission intends to declare the concentration compatible with the Common Market and the EEA Agreement, in accordance with Article 8(1) of the Merger Regulation and Article 57 of the EEA Agreement.
Zato namerava Komisija razglasiti koncentracijo za združljivo s skupnim trgom in Sporazumom EGP, v skladu s členom 8(1) Uredbe o združitvah in členom 57 Sporazuma EGP.
The market for GDS services is characterised by a platform facing ‘multi-homing’ on one side and ‘single-homing’ on the other. TSPs generally use ‘multi-homing’, as they have to distribute their content via all four GDSs in order to obtain the desired market coverage, whereas most TAs use ‘single-homing’, as one GDS suffices in most cases to provide them with the needed TSP content.
Za trg storitev GDS je značilna platforma, ki se srečuje z „večsistemskim usmerjanjem“ na eni strani in „enosistemskim usmerjanjem“ na drugi. ponudniki turističnih storitev navadno uporabljajo „večsistemsko usmerjanje“, ker morajo distribuirati svojo vsebino prek vseh štirih GDS, da dosežejo želeno pokritost trga, večina potovalnih agencij pa uporablja „enosistemsko usmerjanje“, ker je največkrat dovolj en GDS, da jim zagotovi potrebno vsebino ponudnikov turističnih storitev.
of 30 November 2007
z dne 30. novembra 2007
approving annual and multi-annual national programmes and the financial contribution from the Community for the eradication, control and monitoring of certain animal diseases and zoonoses, presented by the Member States for 2008 and following years
o odobritvi letnih in večletnih nacionalnih programov ter finančnega prispevka Skupnosti za izkoreninjenje, nadzor in spremljanje nekaterih živalskih bolezni in zoonoz, ki so jih države članice predložile za leto 2008 in naslednja leta
(notified under document number C(2007) 5776)
(notificirano pod dokumentarno številko C(2007) 5776)
Decision 90/424/EEC lays down the procedures governing the Community's financial contribution for programmes for the eradication, control and monitoring of animal diseases and zoonoses.
Odločba 90/424/EGS določa postopke, ki urejajo finančni prispevek Skupnosti za programe za izkoreninjenje, nadzor in spremljanje živalskih bolezni in zoonoz.
In addition, Article 24(1) of Decision 90/424/EEC provides that a Community financial measure is to be introduced to reimburse the expenditure incurred by the Member States for the financing of national programmes for the eradication, control and monitoring of the animal diseases and zoonoses listed in that Decision.
Poleg tega člen 24(1) Odločbe 90/424/EGS določa, da je treba uvesti finančni ukrep Skupnosti za povrnitev stroškov, ki so jih države članice imele s financiranjem nacionalnih programov za izkoreninjenje, nadzor in spremljanje živalskih bolezni in zoonoz iz navedene odločbe.
Council Decision 2006/965/EC of 19 December 2006 amending Decision 90/424/EEC on expenditure in the veterinary field [2] replaced Article 24 to that Decision by a new provision.
Odločba Sveta 2006/965/ES z dne 19. decembra 2006 o spremembi Odločbe 90/424/EGS o odhodkih na področju veterine [2] je člen 24 k navedeni odločbi nadomestila z novo določbo.
By way of transitional measures, Decision 2006/965/EC provided that programmes for enzootic bovine leucosis and for Aujeszky's disease could continue to be funded until 31 December 2010.
Odločba 2006/965/ES je s prehodnimi ukrepi določila, da bi se financiranje programov za enzootske goveje levkoze in za bolezen Aujeszkega lahko nadaljevalo do 31. decembra 2010.
Council Decision 90/638/EEC of 27 November 1990 laying down Community criteria for the eradication and monitoring of certain animal diseases [3] provides that in order to be approved under the measures provided for in Article 24(1) of Decision 90/424/EEC, programmes submitted by the Member States must meet the criteria set out in the Annexes to Decision 90/638/EEC.
Odločba Sveta 90/638/EGS z dne 27. novembra 1990 o določitvi meril Skupnosti za izkoreninjenje in spremljanje nekaterih živalskih bolezni [3] določa, da morajo programi, ki jih predložijo države članice, da bi bili odobreni v skladu z ukrepi iz člena 24(1) Odločbe 90/424/EGS, izpolnjevati merila iz prilog k Odločbi 90/638/EGS.
Regulation (EC) No 999/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 laying down rules for the prevention, control and eradication of certain transmissible spongiform encephalopathies [4], provides for annual programmes by Member States for monitoring of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) in bovine, ovine and caprine animals.
Uredba Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta (ES) št. 999/2001 z dne 22. maja 2001 o določitvi predpisov za preprečevanje, nadzor in izkoreninjenje nekaterih transmisivnih spongiformnih encefalopatij [4] predvideva letne programe držav članic za spremljanje transmisivnih spongiformnih encefalopatij (TSE) pri govedu, ovcah in kozah.