natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Test(s) with a reference substance should be done preferably every month and at least twice a year.1.6. QUALITY CRITERIA
Preskus(-e) z referenčno snovjo je najboljše opraviti vsak mesec in najmanj dvakrat letno.1.6 MERILA KAKOVOSTI
Fielder, R.J., Allen, J.A., Boobis, A.R., Botham, P.A., Doe, J., Esdaile, D.J., Gatehouse, D.G., Hodson-Walker, G., Morton, D.B., Kirkland, D.J. and Richold, M. (1992). Report of British Toxicology Society/UK Environmental Mutagen Society Working Group: Dose setting in In vivo Mutagenicity Assays. Mutagenesis, 7, p. 313-319.
Fielder, R. J., Allen, J. A., Boobis, A. R., Botham, P. A., Doe, J., Esdaile, D. J., Gatehouse, D. G, Hodson-Walker, G, Morton, D. B., Kirkland, D. J., in Richold, M. (1992), Report of British Toxicology Society/UK Environmental Mutagen Society Working Group: Dose setting in In Vivo Mutagenicity Assays, Mutagenesis, 7, str. 313–319.
Locke-Huhle, C., (1983) Endoreduplication in Chinese hamster cells during alpha-radiation induced G2 arrest. Mutation Res. 119, p. 403-413.
Locke-Huhle, C. (1983), Endoreduplication in Chinese hamster cells during alpha-radiation-induced G2 arrest, Mutation Res., 119, str. 403–413.
Romagna, F. and Staniforth, C.D., (1989) The automated bone marrow micronucleus test. Mutation Res., 213, p. 91-104.
Romagna, F., in Staniforth, C. D. (1989), The automated bone marrow micronucleus test, Mutation Res., 213, str. 91–104.
The test patch system is held in contact with the skin by an occlusive patch or chamber and a suitable dressing for six hours. If it can be demonstrated that a sham control group is not necessary, a naive control group may be used.
Na preskusno območje se podobno kakor pri tretirani skupini nanese zgolj nosilec.
Mutation Res., 189, p. 123-133.
189, str. 123–133.
≥ 1 with evident toxicity and / or 1 death No evident toxicity and no death
≥ 1 z očitno toksičnostjo in/ali 1 smrtjo
Eight females and 16 males are placed in a tank containing 50 litres of dilution water, shielded from direct light and left as undisturbed as possible for at least 48 hours. A spawning tray is placed at the bottom of the aquarium in the afternoon the day before start of the test.
Osem samic in 16 samcev se da v bazen s 50 litri vode za redčenje, zaščiti pred neposredno svetlobo in pusti čim bolj pri miru vsaj 48 ur. Popoldan, en dan pred začetkom preskusa se na dno akvarija položi drstitveni pladenj.
Liquid chemical products; determination of density at 20 oC
Liquid chemical products; determination of density at 20 °C
Teratology 37; 476.
Teratology 37, 476.
Since skin integrity may start to deteriorate beyond 24 hours, sampling times should not normally exceed 24 hours. For test substances that penetrate the skin rapidly this may not be necessary but, for test substances that penetrate slowly, longer times may be required.
Ker se neoporečnost kože lahko začne slabšati po 24 urah, čas vzorčenja običajno ne sme presegati 24 ur. Za preskusne snovi, ki hitro prodrejo v kožo, to ni potrebno, za preskusne snovi, ki prodirajo počasi, pa je lahko potreben daljši čas.
Any water in which the test species shows suitable long-term survival and growth may be used as a test water. It should be of constant quality during the period of the test.
Za preskusno vodo se lahko uporabi katera koli voda, v kateri kaže preskusna vrsta primerno dolgotrajno preživetje in rast.
The duration of the test is preferably 48 hours. If mortality increases by more than 10 % between 24 h and 48 h, the test duration should be extended up to a maximum of 96 h provided that control mortality does not exceed 10 %.
Preskus naj po možnosti traja 48 ur. Če se smrtnost poveča za več kot 10 % med 24. in 48. uro, je treba podaljšati preskus na največ 96 ur, pod pogojem da smrtnost kontrolnih skupin ne presega 10 %.
10-6 m2 s-1 at 20 oC, applicable in particular also to hydrocarbons and aqueous solutions as well as to liquids with higher vapour pressure, approximately 1 bar at 90 oC)
10-6 m2 s-1 at 20 °C, applicable in particular also to hydrocarbons and aqueous solutions as well as to liquids with higher vapour pressure, approximately 1 bar at 90 °C)
dermis of skin disc rubber 'O' ring
gumijasti obroč
Compaan H. (1980) in ‘The determination of the possible effects of chemicals and wastes on the aquatic environment: degradation, toxicity, bioaccumulation’ Ch. 2.3, Part II.
Compaan H. (1980) v „The determination of the possible effects of chemicals and wastes on the aquatic environment: degradation, toxicity, bioaccumulation“, poglavje 2.3, del II.
Brachydanio rerio
SLADKOVODNE
8 Perform initial in vivo rabbit eye test using one animal Severe damage to eyes
8 Opraviti zaletni in vivo očesni preskus na kuncu z uporabo ene živali Resna poškodba oči Upoštevati, da ni jedko za oči.
Consider corrosive to eyes. No further testing is needed.
Nadaljnje preskušanje ni potrebno.
Adler, I.D., (1984) Cytogenetic Tests in Mammals. In: Mutagenicity Testing: a Practical Approach. S. Venitt and J.M. Parry (Eds). IRL Press, Oxford, Washington D.C., p. 275-306.
Adler, I. D. (1984), Cytogenetic Tests in Mammals, v Mutagenicity Testing: a Practical Approach, S. Venitt and J. M. Parry (izd.), IRL Press, Oxford, Washington D. C, str. 275–306.
The Collaborative Study Group for the Micronucleus Test (CSGMT/JEMMS. MMS: The Mammalian Mutagenesis Study Group of the Environmental Mutagen Society of Japan), (1995) Protocol recommended for the short-term mouse peripheral blood micronucleus test. Mutagenesis, 10, p. 153-159.
The Collaborative Study Group for the Micronucleus Test (CSGMT/JEMMS, MMS: The Mammalian Mutagenesis Study Group of the Environmental Mutagen Society of Japan) (1995), Protocol recommended for the short-term mouse peripheral blood micronucleus test, Mutagenesis, 10, str. 53–159.
Kier, L.D., Brusick D.J., Auletta, A.E., Von Halle, E.S., Brown, M.M., Simmon, V.F., Dunkel, V., McCann, J., Mortelmans, K., Prival, M., Rao, T.K. and Ray V., (1986) The Salmonella typhimurium/Mammalian Microsomal Assay: A Report of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Gene-Tox Program. Mutation Res., 168, p. 69-240.
Kier, L. D., Brusick D. J., Auletta, A. E., Von Halle, E. S., Brown, M. M., Simmon, V. F., Dunkel, V., McCann, J., Mortelmans, K., Prival, M., Rao, T. K., in Ray V. (1986), The Salmonella typhimurium/Mammalian Microsomal Assay: A Report of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Gene-Tox Program, Mutation Res., 168, str. 69–240.
b mean circumference of the ring (cm) σ a
b povprečni obseg obročka (cm)
DEFINITION AND UNITS The partition coefficient (P) is defined as the ratio of the equilibrium concentrations (ci) of a dissolved substance in a two-phase system consisting of two largely immiscible solvents. In the case n-octanol and water: Pow =cn-octanol cwater
OPREDELITVE IN ENOTE
A period of at least 24 hours will be allowed between the dosing of each animal. All animals should be observed for at least 14 days.
Med odmerjanjem za vsako žival bo dovoljeno obdobje najmanj 24 ur. Vse živali je treba opazovati najmanj 14 dni.
Starting dose: 300 mg/kg START 5 animals 5 mg/kg
5 živali 50 mg/kg
5 animals 300 mg/kg 5 animals 2000 mg/kg*
Začetni odmerek: 300 mg/kg
5/Unclassified starting dose: 2000 mg/kg START 5 animals 5 mg/kg
5 živali 5 mg/kg
TEST PROCEDURE WITH A STARTING DOSE OF 2000 MG/KG BODY WEIGHT Start 5 mg/kg 3 animals 50 mg/kg 3 animals
preskušarije pri 5000 mg/kg telesne leže: glej Prilogo 2
If a corrosive effect is not observed in the initial test, the irritant or negative response should be confirmed using up to two additional animals, each with one patch, for an exposure period of four hours. If an irritant effect is observed in the initial test, the confirmatory test may be conducted in a sequential manner, or by exposing two additional animals simultaneously.
Če se jedek učinek ne opazi v začetnem preskusu, je treba dražilni ali negativni odziv potrditi z uporabo do dveh dodatnih živali, s po enim obližem za vsako, v obdobju izpostavitve štirih ur. Če se v začetnem preskusu opazi dražilen učinek, se potrditveni preskus lahko naredi na zaporeden način ali s sočasno izpostavitvijo dveh dodatnih živali.
Existing human data, e.g. clinical and occupational studies, and case reports, and/or animal test data from ocular studies should be considered first, because they provide information directly related to effects on the eyes. Thereafter, available data from human and/or animal studies investigating dermal corrosion/irritation should be evaluated.
Najprej je treba upoštevati obstoječe podatke o ljudeh, npr. klinične ali poklicne študije in poročila o primerih, in/ali podatke preskusov na živalih, ker dajejo informacije, ki so neposredno povezane z učinki na oči.
If extreme pH is the basis for identifying a substance as corrosive or irritant to the eye, then its acid/alkaline reserve (buffering capacity) may also be taken into consideration (5)(6). If the buffering capacity suggests that a substance may not be corrosive to the eye, then further testing should be undertaken to confirm this, preferably by the use of a validated and accepted in vitro or ex vivo test (see Section step 5 and 6).
Če blažilna sposobnost nakazuje, da snov morda ni jedka za kožo, tedaj je treba opraviti nadaljnje preskušanje za potrditev le-tega, najbolje z uporabo validiranega in sprejetega preskusa in vitro ali ex vivo (glej oddelek koraka 5 in 6).
Results from in vitro or ex vivo tests (Steps 5 and 6). Substances that have demonstrated corrosive or severe irritant properties in an in vitro or ex vivo test (7)(8) that has been validated and accepted for the assessment specifically of eye or skin corrosivity/irritation, need not be tested in animals.
Snovi, ki so pokazale jedke ali resne dražilne lastnosti v validiranem in sprejetem preskusu in vitro ali ex vivo (6)(7), ki se je validiral in sprejel izrecno za ocenitev jedkosti/dražilnosti za oči in kožo, ni treba preskusiti na živalih.
Substance would be too toxic for testing. No testing is needed.
Snov bi bila preveč toksična za preskušale Nadaljnje v očesu. preskušanje ni potrebno.
Perform validated and accepted in vitro or ex vivo test for eye corrosion Corrosive response
5 Opraviti validiran in sprejet in vitro ali ex vivo preskus za očenso jedkost Jedek odziv Domnevati, da je jedko za oči.
A filter paper (2 × 4 cm) is fully-loaded with test substance in a suitable vehicle and applied to the test area and held in contact by an occlusive dressing for 48 hours. The choice of the vehicle should be justified.
Filtrirni papir (2 × 4 cm), povsem impregniran s preskusno snovjo v ustreznem nosilcu, se nanese na preskusno območje in je z okluzivnim povojem v stiku s kožo 48 ur. Izbira nosilca mora biti utemeljena.
If necessary, the appropriate concentration can be determined from a pilot study using two or three animals. For water soluble test materials, it is appropriate to use water or a dilute non-irritating solution of surfactant as the vehicle.
Če je potrebno, se lahko ustrezne koncentracije določijo s pilotno študijo, ki se opravi na dveh ali treh živalih.Pri preskusnih vodotopnih snoveh je najprimernejše, da se kot nosilec uporabi voda ali razredčena nedražilna raztopina surfaktanta.
Chromatid-type aberration: structural chromosome damage expressed as breakage of single chromatids or breakage and reunion between chromatids. Chromosome-type aberration: structural chromosome damage expressed as breakage, or breakage and reunion, of both chromatids at an identical site.
Aberacija kromatidnega tipa: strukturna poškodba kromosoma, izražena kot prelom posameznih kromatid ali prelom in združitev med kromatidama.
The use of chemical class related positive control chemicals may be considered, when available. Examples of positive control substances include:
Lahko se uporabijo kemikalije pozitivne kontrole, ki sodijo v isti razred kakor preizkušana kemikalija, kadar so na voljo:
For mice this interval is approximately three to five hours; for Chinese hamsters this interval is approximately four to five hours. Cells are harvested from the bone marrow and analysed for chromosome aberrations.
Pri miših je ta interval približno 3–5 ur; pri kitajskih hrčkih je ta interval približno 4–5 ur. Celice se odvzamejo iz kostnega mozga in analizirajo, da se določijo kromosomske aberacij e.
Report Part III. Statistical Evaluation of Mutagenicity Test Data. D.J. Kirkland, (Ed.) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. p. 184-232.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, str. 184–232.
Richold, M., Ashby, J., Bootman, J., Chandley, A., Gatehouse, D.G. and Henderson, L., (1990) In Vivo Cytogenetics Assay. In: D.J. Kirkland (Ed.) Basic Mutagenicity tests. UKEMS Recommended Procedures. UKEMS Sub-Committee on Guidelines for Mutagenicity Testing.
Richold, M., Ashby, J., Bootman, J., Chandley, A., Gatehouse, D. G., in Henderson, L. (1990), In Vivo Cytogenetics Assay, v: D. J. Kirkland (ed.), Basic Mutagenicity tests, UKEMS Recommended Procedures, UKEMS Sub-Committee on Guidelines for Mutagenicity Testing.
Matsushima, M., Sugimura, T., Nagao, M., Yahagi, T., Shirai, A. and Sawamura, M., (1980) Factors Modulating Mutagenicity Microbial Tests. In: Short-term Test Systems for Detecting Carcinogens.
Matsushima, M., Sugimura, T., Nagao, M., Yahagi, T., Shirai, A., in Sawamura, M. (1980), Factors Modulating Mutagenicity Microbial Tests, v: Short-term Test Systems for Detecting Carcinogens, izd.
Cells may be exposed to test chemicals in either the stationary phase or during growth for periods of up to 18 hours. However, for long treatment times cultures should be microscopically inspected for spore formation, the presence of which invalidates the test.
Celice se lahko izpostavijo preskusnim kemikalijam ali v njihovi stacionarni fazi ali v času rasti za obdobje največ 18 ur. Za dolga obdobja tretiranja pa je treba kulture mikroskopsko pregledati za nastanek spor, katerih prisotnost bi razveljavila preskus.
Data should be summarised in tabular form, showing for each test group the number of animals at the start of the test, the number of animals showing lesions, the types of lesions and the percentage of animals displaying each type of lesion. Results should be evaluated by an appropriate statistical method.
Podatki se povzamejo v obliki tabele, iz katere je za vsako preskusno skupino razvidno število živali na začetku preskusa, število živali, na katerih so opažene lezij e, tipe lezij, in odstotek živali, ki kažejo določen tip lezij e. Rezultate je treba oceniti z ustrezno statistično metodo.
toxic response data by sex and dose, no-effect level,
podatki o odzivu strupenosti po spolu in koncentraciji,
Late resorption: dead embryo or foetus with external degenerative changes NOAEL: abbreviation for no-observed-adverse-effect level and is the highest dose or exposure level where no adverse treatment-related findings are observed.
NOAEL: kratica za vrednost brez opaznih škodljivih učinkov (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) in je največji odmerek ali stopnja izpostavljenosti, pri kateri ne opazimo nobenega škodljivega učinka, povezanega s tretiranjem.
In the case of studies with non-rodents fewer animals may be used. When tissue distribution is being studied, the initial group size should take into account both the number of animals to be sacrificed at each time point and the number of time points to be examined.
V primeru študij na neglodalcih se lahko uporabi manj živali. študijah porazdelitve v tkivih je treba pri velikosti začetne skupine upoštevati število živali, ki jih je treba žrtvovati ob vsaki časovni točki, ter število časovnih točk, ki jih je treba preveriti.
When metabolism is being studied, the group size is related to the needs of the study. For multiple-dose and multiple-time-point studies, the group size should take into account the number of time points and planned sacrifice(s), but may not be smaller than two animals.
V študijah metabolizma je velikost skupine odvisna od potreb študije. študijah z večkratnimi odmerki in večkratnimi časovnimi točkami je treba pri velikosti skupine upoštevati število časovnih točk in načrtovano(a) žrtvovanje(a), ki pa ne sme obsegati manj kot dve živali.
Three skin discs are used for each test and control substance. Test substances are applied for 24 hours at 20-23 oC.
Za vsako preskušano snov in kontrolno snov se uporabijo tri kožne ploščice.
Thus, before biological testing is considered, a UV/vis absorption spectrum of the test chemical must be determined according to OECD Test Guideline 101. It has been suggested that if the molar extinction/absorption coefficient is less than 10 litre × mol-1 × cm-1 the chemical is unlikely to be photoreactive.
Še preden se začne razmišljati o biološkem preskušanju je zato po Smernici za preskušanje OECD 101 pri preskušani kemikaliji treba določiti absorpcijski spekter UV/vidne svetlobe.. Predlagano je bilo, da kemikalija zelo verjetno ni fotoreaktivna, če je koeficient molarne ekstinkcije/absorpcije manjši od 10 litrov × mol-1 × cm-1.
Guidance Document for the Conduct of Skin Absorption Studies.
Napotki za izvajanje študij o absorpciji skozi kožo.
Skin from human or animal sources can be used. It is recognised that the use of human skin is subject to national and international ethical considerations and conditions.
Uporablja se lahko človeška ali živalska koža.. Razumljivo je, da se pri uporabi človeške kože upoštevajo nacionalna in mednarodna etična načela in okoliščine.
Test vessels and other apparatus that will come into contact with the test solutions should be made entirely of glass or other chemically inert material. Test vessels will normally be glass test tubes or beakers; they should be cleaned before each use using standard laboratory procedures.
Preskusne posode in druge aparature, ki bodo prišle v stik s preskusnimi raztopinami, so v celoti steklene ali iz drugega kemijsko inertnega materiala: Preskusne posode so običajno steklene epruvete ali čaše; pred vsako uporabo jih je treba očistiti s standardnimi laboratorijskimi postopki.
C bo
C b0
m tx
mt x
Prepare a solution in buffer of ≤ 10-2 M Prepare a half-saturated solution in buffer Yes Is the test substance known to be unstable hydrolytically ? No
Pripravimo raztopino v pufru ≤ 10-2 M
E=R×ln k2
E=R×lnk2
-ln k1
-lnk1
The test compound and settled domestic sewage are added, and the mixture is aerated for 23 hours. The aeration is then stopped, the sludge allowed to settle and the supernatant liquor is removed.
Doda se preskusna spojina in usedene gospodinjske odplake, mešanica pa se nato prezračuje 23 ur. Nato se prezračevanje ustavi, blato se pusti, da se usede, supernatanta se odstrani.
A high concentration of aerobic microorganisms is used (from 1 to 4 g/litre suspended solids), and the effective detention period is 36 hours. The carbonaceous material in the sewage feed is oxidised extensively, normally within eight hours after the start of each aeration cycle.
Uporabi se visoka koncentracija aerobnih mikroorganizmov (od 1 do 4 g/liter suspendiranih trdnih snovi), učinkovito obdobje zadrževanja pa traja 36 ur. Karbonatni material v hranilih odplak se močno oksidira, običajno v osmih urah po začetku vsakega prezračevalnega cikla.
Aeration is started again and continued for 23 hours. The sludge is then allowed to settle for 45 minutes and the supernatant drawn off and analysed for dissolved organic carbon content.
Ponovno se začne prezračevanje, ki traja 23 ur. Blato se potem pusti, da se 45 minut useda, in odvzame se supernatant, ki se ga analizira za raztopljeni organski ogljik.
Required measurement precision Loading rate
Zahtevana natančnost merjenja
(g/l) Stocking density
Stopnja obremenitve
(per litre) Food
(g/l)
rainbow trout 12,5-16,0 12-16
Dolžina preskusa
It should be of constant quality during the period of the test. The pH should remain within a range of ±0,5 pH units.
V času preskusa mora voda ohranjati konstantno kakovost. pH-vrednost mora ostati v območju ±0,5 pH enote.
It should be noted that abnormal embryos and larvae occur naturally and can be of the order of several per cent in the control(s) in some species. Abnormal animals should only be removed from the test vessels on death.
Opozoriti je treba, da so nenormalni embrii in ličinke lahko naraven pojav, in jih je v kontrolah pri nekaterih vrstah lahko več odstotkov. nenormalne živali se odstranijo iz posode šele, ko poginejo.
Carolina Tips 32(4): 1-4.
Carolina Tips 32(4): 1–4.
Sac-fry Hatching success
mladica s hranilni m mešičko m
Zebrafish 25 ± 1 —
Brachydanio rerio
Dose is expressed as mass (μg) of test substance per test animal (μg/bee). The real dose for each bee can not be calculated as the bees are fed collectively, but an average dose can be estimated (totally consumed test substance/number of test bees in one cage).
Odmerek se izraža kot masa (ug) preskusne snovi na preskusno žival (μg/čebelo). dejanskega odmerka na vsako čebelo ni mogoče izračunati, ker se čebele hranijo skupinsko, lahko pa se oceni povprečni odmerek (v celoti zaužita preskusna snov/število preskusnih čebel v eni kletki).
They could be collected in the morning of use or in the evening before test and kept under test conditions to the next day. Bees collected from frames without brood are suitable.
Zberemo jih lahko v zjutraj na dan preskusa ali večer pred preskusom in jih imamo pod preskusnimi pogoji do naslednjega dne.Primerne so čebele, ki jih zberemo s satnic brez zaroda.
g-1cm3 1/n g-1
g–1cm3 1/n g-1
INFORMATION ON THE TEST SUBSTANCE Chemical reagents should be of analytical grade.
INFORMACIJE O PRESKUSNI SNOVI
The aqueous phase is recovered as much as possible, and a suitable extraction solvent (extraction coefficient of at least 95 %) is added to the soil to extract the test substance. At least two successive extractions are recommended.
Vodna faza se v čim večji meri rekuperira, tlom pa se za ekstrakcijo preskusne snovi doda primerno ekstrakcijsko topilo (z ekstrakcijskim koeficientom najmanj 95 %).
use pattern (e.g. agricultural soil, forest, etc.), depth of sampling,
vrsto rabe (npr. kmetijsko zemljišče, gozd itd.),
Dti
Dti %
Commission Regulation (EC) No 441/2008
Uredba Komisije (ES) št. 441/2008
of 22 May 2008
z dne 22. maja 2008
This Regulation shall enter into force on 23 May 2008.
Ta uredba začne veljati 23. maja 2008.
Done at Brussels, 22 May 2008.
V Bruslju, 22. maja 2008
to Commission Regulation of 22 May 2008 establishing the standard import values for determining the entry price of certain fruit and vegetables
k Uredbi Komisije z dne 22. maja 2008 o določitvi pavšalnih uvoznih vrednosti za določanje vhodne cene nekaterega sadja in zelenjave
Commission Regulation (EC) No 442/2008
Uredba Komisije (ES) št. 442/2008
on the issue of licences for importing rice under the tariff quotas opened for the May 2008 subperiod by Regulation (EC) No 1529/2007
o izdaji uvoznih dovoljenj za riž v okviru tarifnih kvot, odprtih z Uredbo (ES) št. 1529/2007 za podobdobje maja 2008
Having regard to Commission Regulation (EC) No 1529/2007 of 21 December 2007 opening and providing for the administration of import quotas for rice originating in the States that make up the Cariforum region and the overseas countries and territories (OCT) [3], and in particular Article 4(1) thereof,
ob upoštevanju Uredbe Komisije (ES) št. 1529/2007 z dne 21. decembra 2007 o odprtju in upravljanju uvoznih kvot za riž s poreklom iz držav, ki so del regije Cariforum ter čezmorskih držav in ozemelj (ČDO) [3] in zlasti člena 4(1) Uredbe,