natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
A non-confidential version of the full decision can be found in the authentic language of the case and in the working languages of the Commission on the website of the Directorate-General for Competition, at the following address: http://ec.europa.eu/comm/competition/index_en.htmlI.
Različica celotne odločbe, ki ni zaupna, je na voljo v verodostojnem jeziku zadeve in v delovnih jezikih Komisije na spletni strani Generalnega direktorata za konkurenco na naslednjem naslovu: http://ec.europa.eu/comm/competition/index_sl.htmlI.
On 21 October 2005, the Commission received a notification of a proposed concentration within the meaning of Article 3(1)(b) of Council Regulation (EC) No 139/2004 on control of concentrations between undertakings (the Merger Regulation).
Komisija je 21. oktobra 2005 prejela priglasitev predlagane koncentracije v smislu člena 3(1)(b) Uredbe Sveta št. 139/2004 o nadzoru koncentracij podjetij („Uredba o združitvah“).
After examination of the notification, the Commission has concluded that the notified operation falls within the scope of the Merger Regulation.
Po preučitvi priglasitve je Komisija ugotovila, da priglašeno dejanje spada na področje uporabe Uredbe o združitvah.
On 23 November 2005, the parties submitted undertakings to the Commission.
Stranki sta 23. novembra 2005 predložili jamstva Komisiji.
On 14 December 2005, the Commission concluded that the concentration, even in taking into account the undertakings submitted, raised serious doubts as to its compatibility with the common market, and decided therefore to initiate proceedings in accordance with Article 6(1)(c) of the Merger Regulation.
Komisija je 14. decembra 2005 ugotovila, da koncentracija kljub upoštevanju predloženih jamstev zbuja resne dvome glede svoje združljivosti s skupnim trgom, zato se je odločila začeti postopek v skladu s členom 6(1)(c) Uredbe o združitvah.
Following an in-depth investigation, the Commission, however, concluded that the notified operation does not raise concerns as to its compatibility with the common market.
Vendar pa je Komisija po poglobljeni preiskavi ugotovila, da priglašeno dejanje ne zbuja pomislekov glede njegove združljivosti s skupnim trgom.
Therefore, it was proposed to clear the notified transaction pursuant to Article 8(1) of the Merger Regulation.
Zato je bilo predlagano, da se priglašeno transakcijo odobri v skladu s členom 8(1) Uredbe o združitvah.
THE PARTIES AND THE OPERATION
STRANKI IN DEJANJE
Cargill is a US-based privately owned company worldwide active as a producer and trader of agricultural commodities, animal feed and food and of financial services related hereto.
Cargill je zasebna družba s sedežem v ZDA, ki je po vsem svetu dejavna na področju proizvodnje in trgovine kmetijskih proizvodov, živalske krme in hrane ter s tem povezanih finančnih storitev.
DFI is a German food ingredients company, currently owned by Degussa AG, whose main shareholders are RAG and E.ON.
DFI je nemška družba, ki proizvaja živilske sestavine in je trenutno v lasti družbe Degussa AG, katere glavna delničarja sta RAG in E.ON.
DFI’s two main business branches are ‘DFI Texturant Systems’ and ‘DFI Flavours’.
Glavni poslovni podružnici DFI sta „DFI Texturant Systems“ in „DFI Flavours“.
The operation consists in the acquisition of 100 % shares in DFI currently held by Degussa AG.
Dejanje zajema pridobitev 100 % delnic v DFI, ki so trenutno v lasti Degusse AG.
CONCENTRATION WITH COMMUNITY DIMENSION
KONCENTRACIJA Z RAZSEŽNOSTJO SKUPNOSTI
The proposed transaction consists in the acquisition of control by Cargill of the whole of DFI within the meaning of Article 3(1)(b) and Article 1(3) of the the Merger Regulation.
Predlagana transakcija zajema pridobitev nadzora s strani Cargilla nad celotnim DFI v smislu člena 3(1)(b) in člena 1(3) Uredbe o združitvah.
The Commission’s market investigation in the present case was particularly focussing on the markets for not genetically modified (non-GM) fluid lecithin and non-GM deoiled lecithin (1).
Preiskava trga, ki jo je opravila Komisija, je bila v tem primeru posebej osredotočena na trge gensko nespremenjenega („GNS“) tekočega lecitina in GNS razoljenega lecitina (1).
Other affected markets were genetically modified (GM) lecithin, pectin and crude seed oil (2).
Drugi prizadeti trgi so bili trgi gensko spremenjenega („GS“) lecitina, pektina in surovega semenskega olja (2).
The different lecithin markets
Različni trgi lecitina
Lecithin is a food ingredient which, as a ‘emulsifier’ is used to stabilise emulsions, that is a mix of hydrophilic (e.g. water) and hydrophobic (e.g. oil) substances.
Lecitin je živilska sestavina, ki se kot tako imenovani „emulgator“ uporablja za stabiliziranje emulzij, ki so mešanica hidrofilnih (npr. vode) in hidrofobnih (npr. olja) snovi.
Lecithin is used mainly in food and feed applications, but also in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and industrial products (such as herbicide and leather).
Lecitin se uporablja predvsem v živilskih in krmnih aplikacijah, pa tudi v kozmetiki, farmacevtskih izdelkih in industrijskih izdelkih (kot sta herbicid in usnje).
Although it generally represents less than 1 % of total production costs, it is usually essential to the industrial process of end-users and can change radically the quality of final products.
Čeprav na splošno predstavlja manj kot 1 % celotnih proizvodnih stroškov, je običajno bistven za industrijski postopek končnih uporabnikov in lahko korenito spremeni kakovost končnih izdelkov.
Lecithin is a by-product generated in the process of crushing oilseeds, generally soybeans: the vast majority of lecithin sold on the market is extracted from soy oil (95 %) while other sources like rapeseed and sunflower remain marginal.
Lecitin je stranski proizvod, ki nastane v postopku drobljenja oljnic, običajno soje: velika večina na trgu prodanega lecitina je pridobljenega iz sojinega olja (95 %), medtem ko drugi viri, kot sta oljna ogrščica in sončnica, ostajajo obrobnega pomena.
Lecithin represents less than 1 % of the soybean content in volume and well below 5 % in value.
Lecitin predstavlja manj kot 1 % vsebnosti soje po obsegu in precej manj kot 5 % po vrednosti.
Lecithin and synthetic emulsifiers are not on the same product market
Lecitin in sintetični emulgatorji niso na istem proizvodnem trgu
Emulsifiers can be divided into natural emulsifiers (i.e. lecithin) and synthetic emulsifiers (such as mono- or diglycerides).
Emulgatorje je mogoče razdeliti na naravne emulgatorje (tj. lecitin) in sintetične emulgatorje (kot so mono- ali digliceridi).
While the former are extracted from oilseeds, the latter are artificially produced through chemical reactions.
Medtem ko se prvi pridobivajo iz oljnic, se drugi umetno proizvajajo s kemičnimi reakcijami.
The Commission’s market investigation has established that both types of emulsifiers do not belong to the same product market, mainly for the following reasons:
Komisija je v svoji preiskavi trga ugotovila, da navedena tipa emulgatorjev ne sodita na isti proizvodni trg, predvsem zaradi naslednjih razlogov:
From a demand-side perspective, the market test has shown that lecithin and synthetic emulsifiers are not substitutable for both technological and quality reasons.
Z vidika povpraševanja je tržni preskus pokazal, da lecitin in sintetični emulgatorji niso medsebojno nadomestljivi tako zaradi tehnoloških razlogov kot tudi zaradi razlogov kakovosti.
This applies to feed and food manufacturers.
To velja za proizvajalce krme in živil.
Virtually no customer of non-GM lecithin has switched to synthetic emulsifiers in the past even though prices of the non-GM lecithin have doubled over the last two years, and the vast majority would not switch to synthetic emulsifiers should the price for lecithin increase by 10 % in the future.
Dejansko se v preteklosti noben kupec GNS lecitina ni odločil za prehod na sintetične emulgatorje, četudi so se cene GNS lecitina v zadnjih dveh letih podvojile, in velika večina se ne bi odločila za prehod na sintetične emulgatorje, četudi bi se cena lecitina v prihodnosti povečala za 10 %.
GM and non-GM lecithin have to be assessed separately
GS in GNS lecitin je treba presojati ločeno
The market investigation has also shown that separate markets for GM and non-GM lecithins have to be distinguished in Europe.
Preiskava trga je tudi pokazala, da je treba v Evropi razlikovati med ločenima trgoma GS in GNS lecitinov.
Indeed, European customers (unlike customers in other parts of the world) have a strong opposition to genetically modified products.
Evropski kupci (v nasprotju s kupci na drugih koncih sveta) dejansko močno nasprotujejo gensko spremenjenim izdelkom.
This has led the European Union to adopt several regulations that require labelling and traceability for genetically modified food, feed and their ingredients as of 2004 [2].
To je Evropsko unijo pripeljalo do sprejetja več uredb, ki od leta 2004 zahtevajo označevanje in sledljivost za gensko spremenjena živila, krmo in njihove sestavine [2].
Accordingly, lecithin can only be exempted from the labelling obligation, if there is an established certification process (audit trail) that covers the entire production and supply chain, proving that the relevant soy crop is non-GM, and that the inputs for the intermediate and finished products have been kept separate from GM material during planting, harvesting, storage, processing and distribution.
Skladno s tem je lecitin mogoče izvzeti iz obveznosti označevanja le, če obstaja uveljavljen postopek certificiranja („revizijska sled“), ki zajema celotno proizvodno in dobavno verigo ter dokazuje, da je zadevna soja GNS in da so bile sestavine za vmesne in končne izdelke med sajenjem, žetvijo, skladiščenjem, obdelovanjem in distribucijo hranjene ločeno od GS snovi.
From a supply-side perspective, the production costs of non-GM lecithin are significantly higher than those of GM lecithin.
Z vidika ponudbe so proizvodni stroški GNS lecitina znatno višji od stroškov GS lecitina.
In fact, the supply chain of non-GM lecithin is different from that of GM lecithin.
Pravzaprav se dobavna veriga GNS lecitina razlikuje od dobavne verige GS lecitina.
As a result, prices of GM and non-GM lecithin differ significantly.
Posledično se cene GS in GNS lecitina precej razlikujejo.
Fluid, deoiled and fractionated lecithin have to be assessed separately
Tekoči, razoljeni in frakcionirani lecitin je treba presojati ločeno
The Commission in addition found that different types or grades of lecithin can be distinguished, since fluid lecithin (as the basic product) can be further refined by a deoiling process into ‘deoiled’ lecithin or by fractionation into ‘fractionated’ lecithin [3].
Komisija je poleg tega ugotovila, da je mogoče ločevati med različnimi vrstami ali stopnjami lecitina, ker je tekoči lecitin (kot osnovni proizvod) mogoče nadalje rafinirati s postopkom razoljevanja v „razoljeni“ lecitin ali s frakcioniranjem v „frakcionirani“ lecitin [3].
Cargill is not active in the manufacture of fractionated lecithin.
Cargill se ne ukvarja s proizvodnjo frakcioniranega lecitina.
The market investigation has identified several elements that militate for a distinction between fluid, deoiled, and fractionated lecithin.
Preiskava trga je ugotovila več elementov, ki podpirajo razločevanje med tekočim, razoljenim in frakcioniranim lecitinom.
Nearly all customers indicated that they cannot switch between fluid and deoiled lecithin, since the respective lecithin type meets very specific needs of customers (e.g. taste, processing etc.) and involves a different production process.
Skoraj vsi kupci so navedli, da ne morejo zamenjevati tekočega in razoljenega lecitina, ker zadevna vrsta lecitina ustreza zelo specifičnim potrebam kupcev (npr. okusu, obdelavi itd.) in vključuje različne proizvodne postopke.
From a supply-side perspective, the production of deoiled and fractionated lecithin requires additional production facilities and a significant investment and involves different production know-how.
Z vidika ponudbe zahteva proizvodnja razoljenega in frakcioniranega lecitina dodatne proizvodne zmogljivosti in znatne naložbe ter vključuje drugačno proizvodno znanje in izkušnje.
The parties’ activities overlap also in the field of Pectin.
Dejavnosti strank se prekrivajo tudi na področju pektina.
Pectin is used to gelatinize, stabilise and jellify products.
Pektin se uporablja za gelatinizacijo, stabilizacijo in želiranje izdelkov.
The Commission has considered a further distinction beteen different Pectin types (e.g. apple and citrius pectin and according to the methoxyl content), but could ultimately leave the market definition open since the transaction would not impede competition under either market definition.
Komisija je preučila nadaljnje razlikovanje med različnimi vrstami pektina (npr. pektin iz jabolk in agrumov ter glede na vsebnost metoksila), vendar je na koncu lahko pustila opredelitev trga odprto, saj transakcija pri nobeni od opredelitev trga ne bi ovirala konkurence.
The Commission came to the conclusion that at least the markets for non-GM lecithin are EEA-wide in scope.
Komisija je ugotovila, da vsaj obseg trgov za GNS lecitin zajema celotni EGP.
Indeed, the strong preference of European customers for non-GM products, which is clearly limited to Europe, leads to different market conditions in Europe.
Ker evropski kupci dajejo precejšnjo prednost GNS izdelkom, kar je jasno omejeno na Evropo, to dejansko vodi v drugačne tržne pogoje v Evropi.
Eighty per cent of all non-GM lecithin sales are within in the EEA, although only 45 % of the worldwide lecithin sales are within the EEA.
V EGP se opravi 80 % vse prodaje GNS lecitina, čeprav se v EGP proda le 45 % lecitina v svetovnem obsegu.
What is more, customers only rarely buy directly from suppliers outside Europe, not only because transport costs are a relevant factor, but also since on-time delivery and support in terms of product and production know-how are crucial for many customers.
Kupci celo redkeje kupujejo neposredno od dobaviteljev zunaj Evrope, ne samo zato, ker so pomemben dejavnik transportni stroški, temveč tudi zato, ker sta pravočasna dobava in podpora v smislu strokovnega znanja in izkušenj o proizvodu in proizvodnji bistvena za mnoge kupce.
The structure of demand for lecithin in the EEA differs therefore significantly from the rest of the world.
Struktura povpraševanja po lecitinu v EGP se zato znatno razlikuje od strukture povpraševanja drugod po svetu.
As regards the markets for GM lecithin (fluid and deoiled), although some factors seem to militate for a worldwide market (e.g. regulation requirements do not differ significantly across the world), the Commission could, for the purpose of this decision, leave the exact geographic market definition open.
Čeprav se zdi, da nekateri dejavniki govorijo v prid svetovnega trga (npr. predpisi se po vsem svetu ne razlikujejo dosti), je Komisija lahko glede trgov za GS lecitin (tekoči in razoljeni) za namene te odločbe pustila točno opredelitev geografskega trga odprto.
Even if the market investigation provided indications that the geographical scope of the markets may be limited to the EEA, the exact geographic market definition could be left open, because no competition concerns occur under either delineation.
Četudi je preiskava trga pokazala, da zna biti geografski obseg trgov omejen na EGP, bi točno opredelitev geografskega obsega lahko pustili odprto, ker se pod nobeno od obeh razvrstitev ne pojavljajo pomisleki o konkurenci.
Non-GM fluid lecithin
GNS tekoči lecitin
As regards the EEA market for non-GM fluid lecithin, the results of the in-depth market investigation effectively removed the serious doubts as to the proposed transaction’s compatibility with the common market.
Glede trga EGP za GNS tekoči lecitin so rezultati poglobljene preiskave trga učinkovito odpravili resne dvome glede združljivosti predlagane transakcije s skupnim trgom.
The investigation showed that the parties’ actual market share (30-40 %) is smaller than estimated by the parties (40-50 %) and confirmed that the competitive constraint stemming from other competitors is strong enough to effectively constrain the parties’ position on this market.
Preiskava je pokazala, da je dejanski tržni delež strank ([30–40] %) manjši, kot sta ga ocenili stranki ([40–50] %), in potrdila, da so konkurenčne omejitve s strani drugih tekmecev dovolj močne, da učinkovito omejijo položaj strank na tem trgu.
Indeed, the share of competitors to Cargill, DFI and Solae is steadily and significantly increasing.
Dejansko se delež tekmecev Cargilla, DFO in Solae stalno in znatno povečuje.
Not only established food ingredients distributors such as Nore Ingredients (5-15 % market share) or Helm AG (0-10 % market share) were able to increase their share.
Svojega deleža niso povečali le uveljavljeni distributerji živilskih sestavin, kot je Nore Ingredients ([5- do 15]-odstotni tržni delež) ali Helm AG ([0- do 10]-odstotni tržni delež).
Also Brazilian and Indian competitors have recently become a more credible alternative for European customers, since many of them have (unlike Cargill and Degussa) direct access to the raw material for non-GM fluid lecithin.
Bolj verjetna alternativa za evropske stranke so zadnje čase postali tudi brazilski in indijski tekmeci, saj jih ima mnogo (v nasprotju s Cargillo in Degussom) neposreden dostop do surovin za GNS tekoči lecitin.
Some bigger food/chocolate customers are today already buying directly from Brazilian sources.
Nekateri večji kupci na področju živil/čokolade že danes kupujejo neposredno od brazilskih virov.
The leading Brazilian manufacturers have shown that they are able to establish their own distribution and logistics network in Europe and to compete directly with well established players like the merged entity and Solae.
Vodilni brazilski proizvajalci so pokazali, da so zmožni vzpostaviti lastno distribucijsko in logistično mrežo v Evropi ter neposredno konkurirati dobro uveljavljenimi akterjem, kot sta združeni subjekt in Solae.
The significant price increase and the attractive margins for non-GM fluid lecithin are a further incentive for Brazilian and Indian manufacturers to compete more aggressively with the parties on the European market.
Znatno povečanje cen in privlačne marže za GNS tekoči lecitin pomenijo nadaljnjo spodbudo za brazilske in indijske proizvajalce, da agresivneje konkurirajo strankam na evropskem trgu.
Since the leading players in the EEA (Cargill, DFI, Solae) currently source almost all their non-GM raw material from actual or at least potential Brazilian competitors, the current competitive environment in the market for non-GM fluid lecithin is not likely to change so as to create a substantive impediment of competition.
Ker vodilni akterji v EGP (Cargill, DFI, Solae) trenutno skoraj vse svoje GNS surovine dobivajo od dejanskih ali vsaj potencialnih brazilskih tekmecev, se sedanje konkurenčno okolje na trgu za GNS tekoči lecitin najverjetneje ne bo spremenilo tako, da bi znatno oviralo konkurenco.
The Commission’s market investigation showed also that the merger will not lead to anti-competitive effects through coordinated effects.
Preiskava trga, ki jo je opravila Komisija, je tudi pokazala, da združitev prek usklajenih učinkov ne bo vodila v protikonkurenčne učinke.
This is not only due to the asymmetry of the two major players’ market shares after the merger.
To ni le posledica nesomernosti tržnih deležev obeh glavnih akterjev po združitvi.
Also, the results of the market investigation strongly indicate that the market for non-GM fluid cannot be considered as transparent: the price for non-GM lecithin is negotiated between the supplier and its customers on an individual basis with no price lists being available.
Rezultati preiskave trga tudi odločno kažejo, da trga za GNS tekoči lecitin ni mogoče obravnavati kot preglednega. O ceni za GNS lecitin se dobavitelj in njegovi kupci pogajajo individualno, brez razpoložljivih cenikov.
As a result, prices for fluid lecithin vary significantly between individual customers, even those of a comparable size.
Posledično se cene za tekoči lecitin med posameznimi kupci znatno razlikujejo, celo med tistimi, ki so primerljive velikosti.
Non-GM deoiled lecithin
GNS razoljeni lecitin
The Commission’s investigation was particularly focussed on the market for non-GM deoiled lecithin, since the parties hold a particularly high combined market share in this market.
Preiskava Komisije je bila zlasti osredotočena na trg za GNS razoljeni lecitin, ker sta imeli stranki še posebej visok združen tržni delež na tem trgu.
However, while according to the notification only three players were active on this market, the in-depth investigation revealed that a number of new suppliers have already entered or are about to enter the non-GM deoiled market, thereby effectively constraining the parties’ ability to behave independently form their competitors.
Vendar pa je, čeprav so bili po navedbah iz priglasitve na tem trgu dejavni samo trije akterji, poglobljena preiskava pokazala, da je na trg GNS razoljenega lecitina že vstopilo oziroma takšen vstop načrtovalo nekaj novih dobaviteljev, ki so tako učinkovito omejili zmožnost strank, da delujejo neodvisno od svojih tekmecev.
The market investigation has confirmed that in 2005 DFI was still the biggest supplier of non-GM deoiled lecithin, with a market share of [50-60] %.
Preiskava trga je potrdila, da je bil leta 2005 DFI s [50- do 60]-odstotnim tržnim deležem še vedno največji dobavitelj GNS razoljenega lecitina.
Together with Cargill’s market share of [0-10] % in 2005, the merged entity would hold [60-70] % of the non-GM lecithin market in the EEA.
Skupaj s Cargillovim [0- do 10]-odstotnim tržnim deležem v letu 2005 bi združeni subjekt obvladoval [60–70] % trga GNS lecitina v EGP.
In addition, the investigation showed that Cargill’s position on the deoiled market is relatively weak, and that its disappearance as a competitor would not significantly change the current competitive structure of the market.
Poleg tega je preiskava pokazala, da je Cargillov položaj na trgu razoljenega lecitina relativno šibak in da njegovo izginotje s seznama tekmecev ne bi znatno spremenilo trenutne konkurenčne strukture trga.
Indeed, unlike its main competitors, Cargill has no own production facilities for deoiled lecithin, but has its deoiled lecithin produced in a factory in Arkansas, USA.
Cargill v nasprotju s svojimi glavnimi tekmeci dejansko nima lastnih proizvodnih zmogljivosti za razoljen lecitin, temveč njegov razoljeni lecitin proizvajajo v neki tovarni v Arkansasu v ZDA.
This factory has a relatively limited capacity, which could not be utilised due to serious technical problems.
Ta tovarna ima relativno omejeno zmogljivost, ki je ni mogoče izkoristiti zaradi resnih tehničnih težav.
Furthermore, the market investigation revealed that the ‘low price’ strategy that Cargill chose for the entry into the non-GM deoiled lecithin market proved not to be sustainable, given the dramatic increase of the costs for the raw material (non-GM fluid lecithin).
Preiskava trga je nadalje razkrila, da se strategija „nizkih cen“, za katero se je Cargill odločil pri vstopu na trg GNS razoljenega lecitina, ni izkazala za trajnostno, saj so se stroški surovin (GNS tekočega lecitina) močno povečali.
Furthermore, the investigation showed that new suppliers of non-GM deoiled lecithin have already entered the market or are likely to enter in a timely manner and with a sufficient scope of activity.
Poleg tega je preiskava pokazala, da so na trg GNS razoljenega lecitina pravočasno in v zadostnem obsegu dejavnosti že vstopili oziroma najverjetneje bodo vstopili novi dobavitelji.
Most of these suppliers (e.g. Berg & Schmidt/Sternchemie, Ruchi and Matlani) have already built up their own deoiling lines or will have them operational next year (e.g. SG Lecitinas).
Večina teh dobaviteljev (npr. Berg & Schmidt/Sternchemie, Ruchi in Matlani) je že razvila lastne linije za razoljevanje ali pa bodo te začele delovati naslednje leto (npr. SG Lecitinas).