natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
0,1 M H3B03 in 0,1 M KCl +0,1 N NaOH at 20 oC
0,1 M H3BO3 v 0,1 M KCl +0,1 N NaOH pri 20 oC
KOLTHOFF AND VLEESCHHOUWER:
KOLTHOFF IN VLEESCHHOUWER:
Citrate buffers of KOLTHOFF and VLEESCHHOUWER
Citratni pufri po KOLTHOFFU in VLEESCHHOUWERJU
0,1 M monopotassium citrate and 0,1 N HCl at 18 oC [2]49,7 ml. 0,1 N HCl + 50 ml. citrate to 100 ml
0,1 M monokalijev citrat in 0,1 N HCl pri 18 oC [2]49,7 ml 0,1 N HCl + 50 ml citrata do 100 ml
0,1 N HCl + 50 ml. citrate to 100 ml
43,4 ml 0,1 N HCl + 50 ml citrata do 100 ml
0,1 M monopotassium citrate and 0,1 N NaOH at 18 oC [2]2,0 ml. 0,1 N NaOH + 50 ml. citrate to 100 ml
0,1 M monokalijev citrat in 0,1 N NaOH pri 18 oC [2]2,0 ml 0,1 N NaOH + 50 ml citrata do 100 ml
Borate mixtures of SÖRENSEN
Zmesi borata po SÖRENSENU
0,05 M borax +0,1 N NaOH
0,05 M boraks +0,1 N NaOH
Phosphate mixtures of SÖRENSEN
Zmesi fosfata po SÖRENSEN-u
0,0667 M Monopotassium phosphate + 0,0667 M Disodium phosphate at 20 oC
0,0667 M monokalijev fosfat + 0,0667 M dinatrijev fosfat pri 20 oC
The way of introducing the test substance to the substrate has to be reported.
Poročati je treba o načinu vnosa preskusne snovi v substrat.
TREATMENT AND EVALUATION OF RESULTS
OBDELAVA IN OCENA REZULTATOV
The concentrations of the substance tested are reported with reference to the corresponding percentages of dead earthworms.
Koncentracije snovi se poročajo z navedbo ustreznih odstotkov mrtvih deževnikov.
table value of t for n value pairs of E and Eo and statistical confidence P (P =1-α) whereby P is at 95 % (1).
tabelarna vrednost t za n vrednostnih parov E in Eo in statistično zaupanje P (P = 1 – α), pri čemer je P določen na 95 % (1).
H = air flow meter (optional).
H = merilnik pretoka zraka (poljubno). zrak
liquid level
nivo tekočine
30 minutes and/or three hours, during which aeration takes place
30 minut in/ali tri ure, medtem ko poteka zračenje
Drinking water (dechlorinated if necessary)
Pitna voda (po potrebi brez klora)
Air supply:
Oskrba z zrakom:
Clean, oil-free air.
Čisti zrak, brez olja.
When pooled samples are analysed at least four successive analyses are required.
Pri analiziranju združenih vzorcev so potrebne najmanj štiri zaporedne analize.
For test substances which are taken up slowly the intervals would more appropriately be seven days.
Za preskusne snovi, ki se absorbirajo počasi, so bolj primerni sedemdnevni presledki.
Government Publishing Office, The Hague, The Netherlands.
Government Publishing Office, Hag, Nizozemska.
Spot
zebrasta grba
Silverside
bibavični gavun
or t80
ali t80
Depuration phase
Faza očiščenja
Transfer fish to water free of test chemical
Prenesti ribe v vodo brez preskusnih kemikalij
Design for estimation of a NOEC/LOEC using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
Načrt za oceno NOEC/LOEC z uporabo analize variance (ANOVA)
There should preferably be replicate tanks at each concentration, and statistical analysis should be at the tank level (10).
Po možnosti bi morale biti na voljo ponovitveni bazeni za vsako koncentracijo, statistična analiza pa bi morala biti izvedena na ravni bazenov (10).
Without replicate tanks, no allowance can be made for variability between tanks beyond that due to individual fish.
Brez ponovitvenih bazenov ne moremo ugotavljati variabilnosti med bazeni, razen variabilnosti zaradi posameznih rib.
If the test has not included replication of tanks at each concentration, an ANOVA based on tanks will be insensitive or impossible.
Če preskus ni vključeval ponovitvenih bazenov za vsako koncentracijo, bo ANOVA, ki temelji na bazenih, neobčutljiva ali nemogoča.
In this situation, an acceptable compromise is to base the ANOVA on the ‘pseudo’ specific growth rate r3 for individual fish.
V takem primeru je sprejemljiv kompromis, da ANOVA temelji na „psevdo“-specifični stopnji rasti r3 za posamezne ribe.
Ecotox.
Effect of 3,4-dichloroaniline on the early life stages of the Zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio): results of a comparative laboratory study. Ecotox.
Conta.
Environ. Conta.
Wiley Edt.
Planning of experiments. Wiley Edt.
Williams D.A., (1971) A test for differences between treatment means when several dose levels are compared with a zero dose control.
Williams D.A. (1971). A test for differences between treatment means when several dose levels are compared with a zero dose control.
Biometrics 27, p. 103-117.
Biometrics 27, str. 103–117.
US Environmental Protection Agency.
An interpolation estimate for chronic toxicity: the ICp approach.
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, Minesota.
US Environmental Protection Agency. Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, Minesota.
(hours)
(v urah)
Recommended species:
(na liter)
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Oncorhvnchus mykiss
It is therefore expected that the embryo and sac-fry test would be less sensitive than a Full Early Life Stage test, particularly with respect to chemicals with high lipophilicity (log Pow > 4) and chemicals with a specific mode of toxic action.
Zato se lahko pričakuje, da bo preskus na embriiih in mladicah s hranilnim mešičkom manj občutljiv kot popolni preskus na zgodnjem razvojnem stadiju, zlasti kar zadeva kemikalije z visoko lipofilnostjo (log Pow > 4) in kemikalije s posebnim načinom toksičnega delovanja.
However smaller differences in sensitivity between the two tests would be expected for chemicals with a non-specific, narcotic mode of action (1).
Pričakovali pa bi manjše razlike v občutljivosti med obema preskusoma za kemikalije z nespecifičnim, narkotičnim načinom delovanja (1).
At the end of the test, individual weights can be measured; dry weights (24 hours at 60 oC) are preferable to wet weights (blotted dry).
Na koncu preskusa se lahko izmerijo posamezne teže; bolje je izmeriti suho težo (24 ur pri 60 oC) kot mokro težo (po sušitvi s pivnikom).
Generally, in a well-run test, the coefficient of variation for weight among replicates in the controls should be ≤ 20 %.
Nasplošno bi moral biti pri preskusu, ki dobro poteka, koeficient variacije teže med ponovitvami v kontrolah ≤ 20 %.
It is recommended that a statistician be involved in both the design and analysis of the test since the method allows for considerable variation in experimental design as, for example, in the number of test chambers, number of test concentrations, starting number of fertilised eggs and in the parameters measured.
Priporoča se, da naj bo tako v načrt kot analizo preskusa vključen tudi statistik, ker ta preskusna metoda omogoča precejšnje variacije načrta eksperimenta, kot na primer v številu preskusnih komor, številu preskusnih koncentracij, v začetnem številu oplojenih iker in v izmerjenih parametrih.
In view of the options available in test design, specific guidance on statistical procedures is not given here.
Glede na možnosti, ki so na voljo pri načrtu preskusa, tu niso podana specifična navodila za statistični postopek.
Goldfish (8)
Zlata ribica (8)
Herring (24)(25)
Atlantska sled (24) (25)
Cod (24)(25)
Trska (24) (25)
The fish should be provided with a varied diet, which may consist of, for example, appropriate commercial dry food, live newly hatched Arthemia, chironomids, Daphnia, white worms (Enchytraeids).
Ribe morajo imeti raznoliko prehrano, ki je lahko na primer sestavljena iz ustrezne komercialne suhe hrane, živih, komaj izleglih rakocov rodu Artemia, trzač, vodnih bolh, belih črvov (Enchytracheidae).
Two procedures are outlined below, which in practice have led to a sufficient batch of healthy, fertilised eggs for a test to be run:
Spodaj sta opisana dva postopka, ki sta v praksi pripeljala do dovolj velike serije zdravih, oplojenih iker za izvedbo preskusa:
The spawning tray consists of a frame (plexi-glass or other suitable material), 5-7 cm high with a 2-5 mm coarse net attached at the top and a 10-30 μm fine net at the bottom.
Drstitveni pladenj je sestavljen iz 5–7 cm visokega okvirja (iz pleksi stekla ali drugega primernega materiala), na zgornjo stran je pritrjena 2–5 milimetrska groba mreža, na dno pa 10–30 mikrometrska fina mreža.
After the fish have been left in dark for 12 hours, a faint light is turned on which will initiate the spawning.
Potem ko so bile ribe 12 ur v temi, prižgemo šibko svetilko, ki bo sprožila drstenje.
Two to four hours after spawning, the spawning tray is removed and the eggs collected.
Dve do štiri ure po drstenju odstranimo drstitveni pladenj in poberemo ikre.
Male fish lack papillae.
Samci nimajo papil.
Spawning is performed in spawning tanks equipped with a false mesh bottom (as above).
Drstenje se opravi v drstitvenih bazenih, opremljenih z lažnim prežastim dnom (kot zgoraj).
The tank is filled with dilution water, so that the depth of water above the mesh is 5-10 cm.
Bazen je napoljnen z vodo za redčenje, tako da je gladina vode 5–10 cm nad mrežico.
One female and two males are placed in the tank the day before the intended spawning.
Dan pred načrtovanim drstenjem damo v bazen eno samico in dva samca.
In the morning a faint light is turned on which will initiate spawning.
Zjutraj prižgemo šibko svetilko, ki sproži drstenje.
After two to four hours, the fish are removed and the eggs collected.
Po 2–4 urah odstranimo ribe in poberemo ikre.
Microscopic examination of sample(s) of the batch(es) should be carried out to ensure that there are no irregularities in the first developmental stages.
Narediti je treba mikroskopski pregled vzorcev serij, da se zagotovi, da ni nepravilnosti v prvih razvojnih stadijih.
Disinfection of the eggs is not allowed.
Dezinfekcija iker ni dovoljena.
The mortality rate of the eggs is highest within the first 24 hours after fertilisation.
Stopnja smrtnosti iker je najvišja v prvih 24 urah po oploditvi.
A mortality of 5-40 % is often seen during this period.
V tem obdobju je opažena smrtnost pogosto 5–40 %.
Eggs degenerate as a result of unsuccessful fertilisation or development failures.
Ikre degenerirajo zaradi neuspešne oploditve ali napak v razvoju.
The quality of the batch of eggs seems to depend on the female fish, as some females consistently produce good quality eggs, others never will.
Kakovost serije iker je verjetno odvisna od samice, ker nekatere samice dosledno proizvajajo kakovostne ikre, druge pa nikoli.
Optimal values for pH values and hardness of the dilution water are 7,8 and 250 mg CaCO3/l respectively.
Optimalna vrednost za pH je 7,8 in za trdoto vode pa 250 mg CaCO3/l.
CALCULATIONS AND STATISTICS
IZRAČUNI IN STATISTIČNI PODATKI
A two-stage approach is proposed.
Priporočen je dvofazni pristop.
First, the data on mortality, abnormal development and hatching-time are analysed statistically.
Najprej se statistično analizirajo podatki o smrtnosti, nenormalnem razvoju in času izvalitve.
AND EC50 DETERMINATIONS
DOLOČANJE LC50 IN EC50
The percentage of surviving eggs and larvae is calculated and corrected for mortality in the controls in accordance with Abbott’s formula (4):
Izračuna se odstotek preživelih iker in ličink ter korigira glede na smrtnost v kontrolah po Abbottovi enačbi (4):
P corrected % survival
P korigiran % preživelih
If possible, the LC50 is determined by a suitable method at the end of the test.
Če je mogoče, se LC50 določa po primerni metodi na koncu preskusa.
If the inclusion of morphological abnormalities in the EC50 statistic is desired, guidance can be found in Stephan (5).
Če želimo v statistiko EC50 vključiti morfološke nepravilnosti, najdemo ustrezna navodila v Stephan (5).
ESTIMATION OF LOEC AND NOEC
OCENA LOEC IN NOEC
An objective of the egg and sac-fry test is to compare the non-zero concentrations with the control, i.e. to determine the LOEC.
Cilj preskusa na ikrah in mladicah s hranilnim mešičkom je primerjati koncentracije različne od nič s kontrolami, t.j. določiti LOEC.
(hrs)
(ure)
Embryo
EMBRI
at the time point ti
občasu ti
g-1cm3 the adsorption test
g-1cm3 cije
Preferably, the same time intervals as in the adsorption kinetics experiment should be used; however, the total time may be extended as appropriate in order the system to reach desorption equilibrium.
Najbolje je uporabiti enake časovne intervale kot pri poskusu kinetike adsorpcije; vendar se lahko skupni čas ustrezno podaljša, da se lahko v sistemu vzpostavi desorpcijsko ravnotežje.
In every experiment (one soil, one solution) one blank is run.
Za vsak preskus (en tip tal, ena raztopina) se pripravi en slepi vzorec.
g-1)(cm3 substance in the soil phase and the mass concentration of the substance in the aqueous solution, under the test conditions, when adsorption equilibrium is reached.
g-1)(cm3 al in masno koncentracijo snovi v vodni raztopini v preskusnih pogojih, ko je doseženo adsorpcijsko ravnotežje.
g-1)(cm3 g);
g-1)(cm3 h pri slepem vzorcu;
g-1)(cm3 stribution coefficient Kd to the content of organic carbon of the soil sample:
g-1)(cm3 delitveni koeficient Kd z vsebnostijo organskega ogljika v vzorcu tal:
g-1)(cm3 s, the ratio between the content of the substance remaining in the soil phase and the mass concentration of the desorbed substance in the aqueous solution, when desorption equilibrium is reached:
g-1)(cm3 rje med vsebnostjo snovi, ki ostane v talni fazi, in masno koncentracijo desorbirane snovi v vodni raztopini, ko je doseženo desorpcijsko ravnotežje:
Gerstl and Mingelgrin (1984) (66)
Gerstl in Mingelgrin (1984) (66)
Vowles and Mantoura (1987) (67)
Vowles in Mantoura (1987) (67)
g-1cm3 CaCl2 sol. to equilibrate the soil
g-1cm3 vrednost slepega vzorca
The method can be used for mixtures which give unresolved elution bands.
Metoda se lahko uporabi za zmesi, pri katerih ostanejo neločljivi elucijski trakovi.
In such a case, upper and lower limits of the log Koc values of the compounds of the test mixture should be stated.
V tem primeru je treba navesti zgornje in spodnje mejne vrednosti log Koc spojin preskusne zmesi.
log Koc HPLC
log Koc pri HPLC
However, it may be advisable to increase the number of sampling occasions during the first week (e.g. three sets of measurements) to ensure that the test concentrations are remaining stable.
Vseeno je priporočljivo povečati pogostost jemanja vzorcev v prvem tednu (npr. trije nizi meritev) za zagotovitev, da so preskusne koncentracije ostale stabilne.
In these types of test, the flow-rate of diluent and test substance should be checked daily.
Pri tej vrsti preskusa se dnevno preverja pretok razredčila in preskusne snovi.
ignition temperature
temperatura vžiga
The portion of the curve corresponding to molecular weights below 1000 is determined and corrected as necessary for impurities and additives. The elution curves are generally evaluated by means of electronic data processing.
Povprečno število in povprečno maso molekulskih mas navadno določimo s pomočjo elektronske obdelave podatkov, ki temelji na enačbah iz oddelka 1.2.
ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY — FIXED DOSE PROCEDURE
AKUTNA ORALNA TOKSIČNOST – POSTOPEK S TOČNO DOLOČENIM ODMERKOM
IN VITRO SKIN CORROSION: HUMAN SKIN MODEL TEST
JEDKOST ZA KOŽO IN VITRO: PRESKUS Z MODELOM ČLOVEŠKE KOŽE
US CPSC
ZD CPSC
Start
Začetek
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