natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
After a period of 24 hours, the content of each vessel is centrifuged or filtered and the concentration of polymer in the clear aqueous phase is determined by a suitable analytical method.
Po 24 urah vsebino vsake posamezne posode centrifugiramo ali prefiltriramo, koncentracijo polimera v čisti vodni fazi pa določimo z ustrezno analitično metodo.
If suitable analytical methods for the aqueous phase are not available, the total solubility/extractivity can be estimated from the dry weight of the filter residue or centrifuged precipitate.
Če ustreznih analitičnih metod za vodno fazo ni na voljo, lahko skupno topljivost/izločljivost ocenimo iz suhe teže prefiltriranega ostanka ali centrifugirane oborine.
It is usually necessary to differentiate quantitatively between the impurities and additives on the one hand and the low molecular weight species on the other hand.
Ponavadi je treba po količini razločiti nečistote in aditive na eni strani in vrste z nizko molekulsko maso na drugi.
In the case of gravimetric determination, it is also important to perform a blank run using no test substance in order to account for residues arising from the experimental procedure.
V primeru gravimetrične določitve je prav tako pomembno opraviti prazni preskus brez uporabe vseh preskusnih snovi, da bi izračunali ostanke, do katerih pride med poskusnim postopkom.
Depending on the method of analysis used, one or two tests should be performed.
Glede na uporabljeno metodo analize moramo izpeljati enega ali dva preskusa.
When sufficiently specific methods are available for direct analysis of the aqueous phase for the polymer component, one test as described above should suffice.
Kadar je za neposredno analizo vodne faze polimerskega delca na voljo dovolj specifičnih metod, bi moral zadostovati en sam preskus, kot je opisano zgoraj.
However, when such methods are not available and determination of the solution/extraction behaviour of the polymer is limited to indirect analysis by determining only the total organic carbon content (TOC) of the aqueous extract, an additional test should be conducted.
Kadar pa takšne metode niso na voljo in je določitev obnašanja raztopine/izvlečka polimera omejena na posredno analizo z določanjem zgolj skupne vsebnosti organskega karbona (TOC) vodnega izvlečka, je treba opraviti dodaten preskus.
This additional test should also be done in triplicate, using ten times smaller polymer samples and the same amounts of water as those used in the first test.
Ta dodaten preskus je treba opraviti v treh izvedbah in uporabiti 10-krat manjše vzorce polimera in enake količine vode, kot je bila uporabljena v prvem preskusu.
Test conducted with one sample size
Preskus, opravljen z eno velikostjo vzorca
Methods may be available for direct analysis of polymer components in the aqueous phase.
Metode so lahko na voljo za neposredno analizo sestavin polimera v vodni fazi.
Alternatively, indirect analysis of dissolved/extracted polymer components, by determining the total content of soluble parts and correcting for non polymer-specific components, could also be considered.
Po drugi strani je mogoče upoštevati tudi posredno analizo raztopljenih/izločenih sestavin polimera z določanjem skupne vsebnosti topnih delcev in korekcijo za sestavine, ki niso značilne za polimer.
Analysis of the aqueous phase for the total polymeric species is possible:
Analiza vodne faze za vse polimerske vrste je mogoča:
either by a sufficiently sensitive method, e.g.:
bodisi z dovolj občutljivo metodo, npr.:
TOC using persulphate or dichromate digestion to yield CO2 followed by estimation by IR or chemical analysis,
TOC z uporabo persulfata ali digeriranjem dikromata za sprostitev CO2, ki mu sledi ocena z IR ali kemična analiza,
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) or its Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) emission equivalent for silicon or metal containing polymers,
atomska absorpcijska spektrometrija (AAS) ali njen emisijski ekvivalent induktivno sklopljene plazme (ICP) za polimere, ki vsebujejo silikon ali kovino,
UV absorption or spectrofluorimetry for aryl polymers,
UV absorpcija ali spektrofluorometrija za akrilne polimere,
LC-MS for low molecular weight samples,
LC-MS za vzorce z nizko molekulsko maso,
or by vacuum evaporation to dryness of the aqueous extract and spectroscopic (IR, UV, etc.) or AAS/ICP analysis of the residue.
ali z vakuumskim izhlapevanjem do suhega stanja vodnega ekstrakta in spektroskopijo (IR, UV, itd.) ali AAS/ICP analizo ostanka.
If analysis of the aqueous phase as such is not practicable, the aqueous extract should be extracted with a water-immiscible organic solvent e.g. a chlorinated hydrocarbon.
Če analiza vodne faze kot takšne ni izvedljiva, je treba vodni izvleček izvleči z organskim topilom, ki ni združljiv z vodo, npr. s kloriranim hidrokarbonom.
The solvent is then evaporated and the residue analysed as above for the notified polymer content.
Topilo nato izhlapimo, ostanek pa analiziramo kot zgoraj, da bi ugotovili njegovo vsebnost v ustreznem polimeru.
Any components in this residue which are identified as being impurities or additives are to be subtracted for the purpose of determining the degree of solution/extraction of the polymer itself.
Vsako sestavino v tem ostanku, ki je prepoznana kot nečistota ali aditiv, je treba odšteti, da bi določili stopnjo raztopine/izvlečka samega polimera.
When relatively large quantities of such materials are present, it may be necessary to subject the residue to e.g. HPLC or GC analysis to differentiate the impurities from the monomer and monomer-derived species present so that the true content of the latter can be determined.
Kadar so prisotne relativno velike količine takšnih materialov, je mogoče ostanek potrebno analizirati, na primer, s tekočinsko kromatografijo visoke ločljivosti (HPLC) ali plinsko kromatografijo (GC), da bi razločili nečistote od prisotnega monomera in vrst, ki so iz monomera izpeljane, s čimer nato določimo pravo vsebnost teh vrst.
In some cases, simple evaporation of the organic solvent to dryness and weighing the dry residue may be sufficient.
V nekaterih primerih lahko zadostuje preprosto izhlapevanje organskega topila do suhega stanja in tehtanje suhega ostanka.
Test conducted with two different sample sizes
Preskus, opravljen z dvema različnima velikostma vzorca
All aqueous extracts are analysed for TOC.
Vsi vodni izvlečki se analizirajo za TOC.
A gravimetric determination is performed on the undissolved/not extracted part of the sample.
Gravimetrična določitev se izvede na neraztopljenem/neizvlečenem delu vzorca.
If, after centrifugation or filtering of the content of each vessel, polymer residues remain attached to the wall of the vessel, the vessel should be rinsed with the filtrate until the vessel is cleared from all visible residues.
Če po centrifugiranju ali filtriranju vsebnosti vsake posode ostanek polimera ostane pritrjen na stene posode, je treba posodo sprati s filtratom, dokler z nje ne odstranimo vseh vidnih ostankov.
Following which, the filtrate is again centrifuged or filtered.
Temu sledi ponovno centrifugiranje ali filtriranje filtrata.
The residues remaining on the filter or in the centrifuge tube are dried at 40 oC under vacuum and weighed.
Ostanke, ki ostanejo na filtru ali v centrifugini cevi posušimo pri 40 oC v vakuumu in jih stehtamo.
Drying is continued until a constant weight is reached.
S sušenjem nadaljujemo, dokler ne dosežemo konstantne teže.
TEST CONDUCTED WITH ONE SAMPLE SIZE
PRESKUS, OPRAVLJEN Z ENO VELIKOSTJO VZORCA
The individual results for each of the three flasks and the average values should be given and expressed in units of mass per volume of the solution (typically mg/l) or mass per mass of polymer sample (typically mg/g).
Posamezni rezultati za vsako izmed treh bučk in povprečne vrednosti je treba podati in izraziti v enotah mase na volumen raztopine (značilno mg/l) ali mase na maso vzorca polimera (značilno mg/g).
Additionally, the weight loss of the sample (calculated as the weight of the solute divided by the weight of the initial sample) should also be given.
Poleg tega je treba podati tudi izgubo teže vzorca (izračunano kot teža vzorca, deljeno s težo začetnega vzorca).
The relative standard deviations (RSD) should be calculated.
Izračunati je treba relativne standardne deviacije (RDS).
Individual figures should be given for the total substance (polymer + essential additives, etc.) and for the polymer only (i.e. after subtracting the contribution from such additives).
Za celotno snov (polimer + bistveni aditivi, itd.) in samo za polimere (t.j. po odštetju prispevka takšnih aditivov) je treba podati posamezne številke.
TEST CONDUCTED WITH TWO DIFFERENT SAMPLE SIZES
PRESKUS, OPRAVLJEN Z DVEMA RAZLIČNIMA VELIKOSTIMA VZORCA
The individual TOC values of the aqueous extracts of the two triplicate experiments and the average value for each experiment should be given expressed as units of mass per volume of solution (typically mgC/l), as well as in units of mass per weight of the initial sample (typically mgC/g).
Posamezne TOC vrednosti vodnih izvlečkov dveh trojnih poskusov in povprečno vrednost za vsak poskus je treba podati izraženo v enotah mase na volumen raztopine (značilno mgC/l), kakor tudi v enotah mase na težo začetnega vzorca (značilno mgC/g).
If there is no difference between the results at the high and the low sample/water ratios, this may indicate that all extractable components were indeed extracted.
Če med rezultatom na visokem in nizkem razmerju vzorec/voda ni razlike, lahko to pomeni, da so bile vse izločljive sestavine zares izvlečene.
In such a case, direct analysis would normally not be necessary.
V tem primeru ponavadi direktna analiza ni potrebna.
The individual weights of the residues should be given and expressed in percentage of the initial weights of the samples.
Posamezne teže ostankov je treba podati izražene v odstotku začetnih tež vzorca.
Averages should be calculated per experiment.
Povprečne vrednosti je treba izračunati za vsak poskus.
The differences between 100 and the percentages found represent the percentages of soluble and extractable material in the original sample.
Razlike med 100 % in dobljenimi odstotki predstavljajo odstotke topljivega in izločljivega materiala v izvirnem vzorcu.
available information about test substance (identity, additives, impurities, content of low molecular weight species).
razpoložljive informacije o preskusni snovi (identiteta, aditivi, nečistote, vsebnost vrst z nizko molekulsko maso).
Experimental conditions:
Poskusni pogoji
description of the procedures used and experimental conditions,
opis uporabljenih postopkov in poskusnih pogojev,
description of the analytical and detection methods.
opis analitičnih in detekcijskih metod.
results of solubility/extractivity in mg/l; individual and mean values for the extraction tests in the various solutions, broken down in polymer content and impurities, additives, etc.,
rezultati o topnosti/izločljivosti v mg/l; posamezne in povprečne vrednosti za ekstrakcijske preskuse v različnih raztopinah, porazdeljenih v vsebnosti polimera in nečistotah, aditivih, itd.
results of solubility/extractivity in mg/g of polymer,
rezultati topnosti/izločljivosti v mg/g polimera,
TOC values of aqueous extracts, weight of the solute and calculated percentages, if measured,
TOC vrednosti vodnega ekstrakta, masa vzorca in izračunani odstotki, če so merjeni,
information about the blank values,
informacije o praznih vrednostih,
where necessary, references to the chemical instability of the test substance, during both the testing process and the analytical process,
kjer je potrebno, napotki o kemični nestabilnosti preskusne snovi med preskusnim postopkom in analitičnim procesom,
all information which is important for the interpretation of the results.
vse informacije, ki so pomembne za interpretacijo rezultatov.
This test method is designed to measure the potential for a liquid substance to increase the burning rate or burning intensity of a combustible substance, or to form a mixture with a combustible substance which spontaneously ignites, when the two are thoroughly mixed.
Ta metoda preskušanja je namenjena merjenju potenciala tekoče snovi za povečanje stopnje gorenja ali intenzivnosti gorenja vnetljive snovi ali za tvorbo mešanice z vnetljivo snovjo, ki se sama vname, ko se obe temeljito premešata.
It is based on the UN test for oxidising liquids (1) and is equivalent to it.
Njena podlaga je preskus ZN za oksidativne tekoče snovi (1) in mu je enakovredna.
However, as this method A.21 is primarily designed to satisfy the requirements of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, comparison with only one reference substance is required.
Ker je metoda A.21 v prvi vrsti namenjena izpolnjevanju zahtev Uredbe 1907/2006, je potrebna primerjava le z eno referenčno snovjo.
Testing and comparison to additional reference substances may be necessary when the results of the test are expected to be used for other purposes.
Če je pričakovati, da se bodo rezultati preskusov uporabljali za druge namene, bo morda potrebno preskušanje in primerjava z dodatnimi referenčnimi snovmi.
It is useful to have preliminary information on any potential explosive properties of the substance before performing this test.
Pred opravljanjem tega preskusa je koristno imeti predhodne informacije o možnih eksplozivnih lastnostih snovi.
This test is not applicable to solids, gases, explosive or highly flammable substances, or organic peroxides.
Ta preskus se ne uporablja za trdne snovi, pline, eksplozivne ali zelo lahko vnetljive snovi, ali organske perokside.
This test may not need to be performed when results for the test substance in the UN test for oxidising liquids (1) are already available.
Tega preskusa ni treba narediti, kadar so rezultati za preskusno snov iz preskusa ZN za oksidativne tekoče snovi (1) že na voljo.
Mean pressure rise time is the mean of the measured times for a mixture under test to produce a pressure rise from 690 kPa to 2070 kPa above atmospheric.
Povprečni čas dvigovanja tlaka je povprečje izmerjenega časa za mešanico v preskusu, da bi se zagotovil dvig tlak s 695 kPa na 2070 kPa nad zračnim tlakom.
65 % (w/w) aqueous nitric acid (analytical grade) is required as a reference substance.
Potrebna je 65 % (m/m) vodna dušikova kislina (analitske stopnje) kot referenčna snov.
The liquid to be tested is mixed in a 1 to 1 ratio, by mass, with fibrous cellulose and introduced into a pressure vessel.
Tekoča snov, ki jo je treba preskusiti, se zmeša v razmerju 1 proti 1 glede na maso, z vlaknato celulozo in vlije v tlačno posodo.
If during mixing or filling spontaneous ignition occurs, no further testing is necessary.
Če med mešanjem ali polnjenjem pride do samovžiga, nadaljnje preskušanje ni potrebno.
If spontaneous ignition does not occur the full test is carried out.
Če samovžig ne nastane, se opravi preskus v celoti.
The mixture is heated in a pressure vessel and the mean time taken for the pressure to rise from 690 kPa to 2070 kPa above atmospheric is determined.
Mešanica se segreje v tlačni posodi, določi se povprečni čas, potreben za dvig tlaka s 690 kPa na 2070 kPa nad zračnim tlakom.
This is compared with the mean pressure rise time for the 1:1 mixture of the reference substance(s) and cellulose.
To se primerja s povprečnim časom dviga tlaka za mešanico 1: 1 referenčne snovi/referenčnih snovi in celuloze.
In a series of five trials on a single substance no results should differ by more than 30 % from the arithmetic mean.
V seriji petih poskusov na eni snovi se rezultati ne smejo razlikovati za več kakor 30 % od aritmetične sredine.
Results that differ by more than 30 % from the mean should be discarded, the mixing and filling procedure improved and the testing repeated.
Rezultate, ki se razlikujejo za več kakor 30 % od aritmetične sredine, je treba zavreči, izboljšati postopek mešanja in polnjenja in ponoviti preskušanje.
Dried, fibrous cellulose with a fibre length between 50 and 250 μm and a mean diameter of 25 μm, is used as the combustible material.
Posušena vlaknata celuloza z dolžino vlaken med 50 in 250 μm in povprečni premerom 25 μm se uporablja kot vnetljivi material.
It is dried to constant weight in a layer not more than 25 mm thick at 105 oC for four hours and kept in a desiccator, with desiccant, until cool and required for use.
Suši se 4 ure do konstantne teže v plasti, ki je debela največ 25 mm, pri 105 oC in se hrani v eksikatorju, s snovjo za sušenje, dokler se ne ohladi in dokler ni potrebna za uporabo.
The water content of the dried cellulose should be less than 0,5 % by dry mass.
Vsebnost vode v posušeni celulozi mora biti manjša kakor 0,5 % na suho maso.
If necessary, the drying time should be prolonged to achieve this.
Če je potrebno, se mora čas sušenja podaljšati, da bi se to doseglo.
The same batch of cellulose is to be used throughout the test.1.6.1.2. Apparatus
Med preskusom je treba ves čas uporabljati isto šaržo celuloze.1.6.1.2 Naprava
Pressure vessel
Tlačna posoda
A pressure vessel is required.
Potrebna je tlačna posoda.
The vessel consists of a cylindrical steel pressure vessel 89 mm in length and 60 mm in external diameter (see figure 1).
Posoda je sestavljena iz cilindrične jeklene tlačne posode, dolžine 89 mm z zunanjim premerom 60 mm (glej sliko 1).
Two flats are machined on opposite sides (reducing the cross-section of the vessel to 50 mm) to facilitate holding whilst fitting up the firing plug and vent plug.
Dve ravni držali se strojno pritrdita na nasprotnih straneh (zmanjšujeta prerez posode na 50 mm), da jo je lažje držati pri namestitvi sprožilnega mehanizma in oddušnega ventila.
The vessel, which has a bore of 20 mm diameter is internally rebated at either end to a depth of 19 mm and threaded to accept 1'' British Standard Pipe (BSP) or metric equivalent.
Posoda, ki ima izvrtino premera 20 mm, ima na obeh straneh do globine 19 mm vrezane navoje, ki ustrezajo 1' „britanske standardne cevi (BSP) ali metrično enakovredni cevi.
A pressure take-off, in the form of a side arm, is screwed into the curved face of the pressure vessel 35 mm from one end and at 90o to the machined flats.
Zračni ventil v obliki stranske ročice se privije v ukrivljeni sprednji del tlačne posode 35 mm od enega konca in pod kotom 90o glede na strojno obdelani ravnini.
The socket for this is bored to a depth of 12 mm and threaded to accept the 1/2" BSP (or metric equivalent) thread on the end of the side-arm.
Za to je izvrtana 12 mm globoka izvrtina z navoji za privijanje 1/2“ BSP (ali metrično enakovrednega) navoja na koncu stranske ročice.
If necessary, an inert seal is fitted to ensure a gas-tight seal.
Če je potrebno, pritrdimo za zatesnitev proti uhajanju plina inertno tesnilo.
The side-arm extends 55 mm beyond the pressure vessel body and has a bore of 6 mm. The end of the side-arm is rebated and threaded to accept a diaphragm type pressure transducer.
Stranska ročica sega 55 mm za ohišje tlačne posode in ima izvrtino 6 mm. Konec stranske ročice ima izrezane navoje za pritrditev naprave za spreminjanje pritiska z opno.
Any pressure-measuring device may be used provided that it is not affected by the hot gases or the decomposition products and is capable of responding to rates of pressure rise of 690-2070 kPa in not more than 5 ms.
Uporabimo lahko katero koli napravo za merjenje tlaka, pod pogojem, da nanjo ne vplivajo vroči plini ali razpadli produkti in da se lahko odziva na stopnje dviga tlaka 690–2070 kPa v manj kakor 5 ms.
The end of the pressure vessel farthest from the side-arm is closed with a firing plug which is fitted with two electrodes, one insulated from, and the other earthed to, the plug body.
Konec tlačne posode, ki je najbolj oddaljen od stranske ročice, se zapre s sprožilnim mehanizmom, ki je opremljen z dvema elektrodama, od katerih je ena izolirana od ohišja mehanizma, druga pa ne.
The other end of the pressure vessel is closed by a bursting disk (bursting pressure approximately 2200 kPa) held in place with a retaining plug which has a 20 mm bore.
Drugi konec tlačne posode je zaprt z okroglo razpočno ploščo (tlak preboja približno 2200 kPa), ki jo drži na mestu vijak z 20 mm izvrtino.
If necessary, an inert seal is used with the firing plug to ensure a gas-tight fit.
Če je potrebno, pritrdimo za zatesnitev proti uhajanju plina inertno tesnilo.
A support stand (figure 2) holds the assembly in the correct attitude during use.
Podporno podnožje (slika 2) drži sklop v pravilnem položaju med uporabo.
This usually comprises a mild steel base plate measuring 235 mm × 184 mm × 6 mm and a 185 mm length of square hollow section (S.H.S.) 70 mm × 70 mm × 4 mm.
Ponavadi se sestoji iz osnovne plošče iz mehkega jekla velikosti 235 mm × 184 mm × 6 mm, na katero je pritrjen po dolžini 185 mm profil dimenzij kvadrata 70 mm × 70 mm × 4 mm.
A section is cut from each of two opposite sides at one end of the length of S.H.S. so that a structure having two flat sided legs surmounted by 86 mm length of intact box section results.
Iz kvadratnega profila se izrežeta po dolžini dve nasprotni stranici, tako da nastane nad njima 86 mm dolg podest, ki ima dve nogi z ravnima stranicama.
The ends of these flat sides are cut to an angle of 60o to the horizontal and welded to the base plate.
Konca teh ravnih stranic sta odrezana pod kotom 60 o na horizontalno ravnino in privarjena na osnovno ploščo.
A slot measuring 22 mm wide × 46 mm deep is machined in one side of the upper end of the base section such that when the pressure vessel assembly is lowered, firing plug end first, into the box section support, the side-arm is accommodated in the slot.
Utor, ki je 22 mm širok in 46 mm globok, je strojno vrezan v eno stran gornjega konca podlage, da se vanj uleže stranska ročica, kadar potisnemo sklop s tlačno posodo navzdol, najprej konec s sprožilnim mehanizmom, v podpornik podesta.
A piece of steel 30 mm wide and 6 mm thick is welded to the lower internal face of the box section to act as a spacer.
Na spodnjo zunanjo prednjo stran kvadratnega profila je privarjen kos jekla, širine 30 mm in debeline 6 mm, ki deluje kakor distančnik.
Two 7 mm thumb screws, tapped into the opposite face, serve to hold the pressure vessel firmly in place.
Dva 7 mm palčna vijaka, privita na nasprotni strani, pomagata držati tlačno posodo trdno na mestu.
Two 12 mm wide strips of 6 mm thick steel, welded to the side pieces abutting the base of the box section, support the pressure vessel from beneath.
12 mm široki trakovi iz 6 mm debelega jekla, privarjeni na stranske dele, ob robu podlage kvadratnega profila, podpirata tlačno posodo s spodnje strani.
Ignition system
Sistem vžiga
The ignition system consists of a 25 cm long Ni/Cr wire with a diameter 0,6 mm and a resistance of 3,85 ohm/m.
Sistem vžiga je sestavljen iz 25 cm dolge žice iz niklja in kroma s premerom 0,6 mm in uporom 3,85 ohm/m.
The wire is wound, using a 5 mm diameter rod, in the shape of a coil and is attached to the firing plug electrodes.
Žica se zvije s palico premera 5 mm v obliko tuljave in se pritrdi na elektrodo sprožilnega mehanizma.
The coil should have one of the configurations shown in figure 3.
Tuljava mora imeti eno od oblik, prikazanih na sliki 3.
The distance between the bottom of the vessel and the underside of the ignition coil should be 20 mm. If the electrodes are not adjustable, the ends of the ignition wire between the coil and the bottom of the vessel should be insulated by a ceramic sheath.
Razdalja med dnom posode in spodnjim delom tuljave vžiga mora znašati 20 mm. Če elektrodi nista nastavljivi, je treba izolirati konca žice za vžig med tuljavo in dnom posode s keramičnim obročem.
The wire is heated by a constant current power supply able to deliver at least 10 A.
Žico segreva neprekinjeno tokovno napajanje, ki lahko zagotovi moč najmanj 10 amperov.
The apparatus, assembled complete with pressure transducer and heating system but without the bursting disk in position, is supported firing plug end down.
Naprava, ki se sestoji iz zračnega ventila in sistema segrevanja, vendar brez nameščene okrogle razpočne plošče, je podprta s koncem s koncem, kjer je sprožilni mehanizem, obrnjenim navzdol.