natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Sufficient space should be provided for each animal to stand up, lie comfortably, stretch and groom themselves, with access to a communal lying area and adequate room for feeding.
Vsem živalim je treba zagotoviti dovolj prostora, da lahko vstanejo, udobno ležijo, se raztegnejo in se negujejo, ter dostop do skupnega ležišča in ustrezen prostor za hranjenje.
The lying area should allow all animals to lie in lateral recumbency simultaneously, bearing in mind that whilst some farm animals, for example pigs, generally prefer to lie in physical contact with other conspecifics, others, such as equines prefer a degree of spatial separation.
Ležišče mora vsem živalim omogočiti, da istočasno ležijo v bočnem položaju, ob upoštevanju, da nekatere domače živali, na primer prašiči, običajno raje ležijo v fizičnem stiku z drugimi živalmi svoje vrste, druge, na primer kopitarji, pa so raje delno ločeni.
Under conditions of high temperatures, where animals need to lie with complete spatial separation to facilitate heat loss, a greater lying area should be allowed.
Kadar je temperatura visoka in morajo živali ležati popolnoma ločeno, da se lažje ohladijo, je treba zagotoviti večje ležišče.
The lying area should be provided with bedding to enhance comfort and reduce the incidence of pressure lesions.
Na ležiščih mora biti stelja, da se poveča udobje in zmanjša pogostost odrgnin.
Where absence of bedding is necessary for experimental reasons, the floor should be designed and insulated to improve physical and, unless a suitable controlled environment is provided, thermal comfort.
Kadar je stelja odstranjena zaradi poskusov, morajo biti tla oblikovana in izolirana tako, da se izboljša fizično in, razen če je na voljo ustrezno nadzorovano okolje, toplotno ugodje.
The height of enclosures should allow natural rearing and mounting behaviour.
Višina ograjenih prostorov mora omogočati naravno dviganje in plezanje.
Enclosure flooring materials should be non-injurious and provide adequate grip for unconstrained locomotion and posture change.
Material tal v ograjenih prostorih mora biti neškodljiv in zagotavljati mora ustrezen oprijem za neovirano gibanje in spremembe položaja.
Floors should be well maintained and replaced when necessary, as surface damage causing injuries will develop over time.
Tla je treba dobro vzdrževati in po potrebi zamenjati, ker se sčasoma površina obrabi in se lahko živali poškodujejo.
The diet should provide adequate nutrients to support the maintenance energy requirements of each animal, given the environmental conditions under which animals are kept.
Prehrana mora vsebovati ustrezna hranila, ki zadovoljujejo energetske potrebe posameznih živali glede na okoljske razmere, v katerih so nameščene.
Additional energy will be needed to support pregnancy, lactation and growth, and should be tailored to the needs of the animals (for example, high genetic merit dairy cattle).
Dodatna energija je potrebna med brejostjo, laktacijo in rastjo ter jo je treba prilagoditi potrebam živali (na primer krave molznice z visoko genetsko kakovostjo).
Vitamin and mineral levels in the diet should also be considered, for example to avoid copper toxicity in sheep or the formation of urinary calculi in male castrated sheep, and where necessary, mineral licks should be provided.
Upoštevati je treba tudi raven vitaminov in mineralov, na primer za preprečevanje zastrupitve z bakrom pri ovcah ali nastanek sečnih kamnov pri kastriranih ovnih, po potrebi pa je treba zagotoviti mineralne lizalne kamne.
When grazed grass is used as forage, stocking densities should be controlled to ensure adequate supplies are available to meet the nutritional requirements of all the animals.
Kadar se trava za pašo uporablja kot krma, je treba nadzirati gostoto naseljenosti, da se zagotovi, da so na voljo ustrezne zaloge za izpolnitev prehranskih potreb vseh živali.
Where grass supply is limited, provision of additional feed in the field should be considered.
Kadar je zaloga trave omejena, je treba razmisliti o dodatni krmi na polju.
For ruminants and horses, sudden changes in diet should be avoided, and new items introduced gradually, especially where high-energy feeds are introduced, or during periods of high metabolic demand, for example around parturition.
Pri prežvekovalcih in konjih se je treba izogibati nenadnim spremembam prehrane in novosti uvajati postopno, zlasti ob uvedbi visokoenergetske krme ali v obdobju velikih presnovnih potreb, na primer v času kotitve.
Sufficient roughage should be provided.
Zagotovljenih mora biti dovolj vlaknin.
In group-housing systems, there should be sufficient food provided in sufficient numbers of sites for all individuals to access without risk of injury.
Pri sistemih skupinske namestitve je treba zagotoviti dovolj hrane na dovolj velikem številu mest, da lahko do nje pridejo vsi posamezniki brez tveganja za nastanek poškodb.
Forage forms a significant component of the diets of farm animals.
Krma je pomemben del prehrane domačih živali.
Since the amount of forage needed may preclude the use of bags for storage, forage items, including hay, straw, silage and root crops, should be stored in a way that minimises deterioration in quality and the risk of contamination.
Ker lahko količina potrebne krme izključuje uporabo vreč za shranjevanje, je treba krmo, vključno s senom, slamo, silažo ter korenovkami in gomoljnicami, shranjevati tako, da se čim manj poslabša kakovost in zmanjša tveganje za onesnaženje.
A pest-control strategy should be in place in areas where forage and concentrates are stored.
Na območjih shranjevanja krme in koncentratov je treba uporabiti strategijo zatiranja škodljivcev.
When grass is cut for feeding housed animals (for example, zero-grazing), it should be done frequently, as cut grass heats up when stored and becomes unpalatable.
Kadar se trava pokosi zaradi hranjenja živali v zaprtih prostorih (na primer kadar se živali ne pasejo), je treba to delati pogosto, ker se pokošena trava pri shranjevanju segreje in postane neužitna.
Animals should have access at all times to fresh uncontaminated water, which should be readily accessible to all individuals within the social group.
Živalim mora biti vedno na voljo sveža nekontaminirana voda, ki mora biti zlahka dostopna vsem posameznim živalim v družbeni skupini.
The number of drinking points or trough length should be sufficient to allow access to water for all individuals within the social group.
Število sistemov za dovajanje vode ali dolžina korita mora zagotavljati dostop do vode vsem posameznim živalim v družbeni skupini.
Flow rates should meet the demands of the individual animal as these will vary depending on the feed, physiological status and ambient temperature, for example, lactating animals have much higher water demands than stock animals.
Stopnja pretoka mora zadovoljevati potrebe posamezne živali, saj so odvisne od krme, fiziološkega stanja in temperature prostora, npr. doječe živali imajo bistveno večjo potrebo po vodi kot gojene živali.
If handling and restraint facilities are required, these should be of robust construction and safe for animals and operators.
Če so potrebni prostori za ravnanje z živalmi in njihovo obvladovanje, morajo biti ti stabilni in varni za živali ter udeležence.
In particular, a non-slip floor should be provided.
Zlasti je treba zagotoviti nedrseča tla.
Handling and restraint facilities can take the form of basic equipment provided within the animal enclosure, or more complex, dedicated facilities serving the needs of the whole establishment.
Prostori za ravnanje z živalmi in njihovo obvladovanje so lahko del osnovne opreme, ki je na voljo v ograjenem prostoru za živali, ali so bolj celostni namembni prostori, ki so na voljo za celo enoto.
Handling and restraint facilities can be provided in the enclosure area, but care should be taken to ensure that these do not compromise space allowances or create a potentially hazardous physical obstruction in the enclosure.
Prostori za ravnanje z živalmi in njihovo obvladovanje so lahko na voljo v ograjenem prostoru, vendar je treba paziti tudi na to, da ne presežejo prostorskih zmogljivosti ali povzročijo morebitne nevarne fizične ovire v ograjenem prostoru.
The dedicated facilities should, where possible, incorporate races and pens for separating animals; footbaths; special facilities for some species such as plunge dip baths and shearing pens for sheep; and an area to allow animals to recover after treatments.
Namembni prostori morajo, če je mogoče, vključevati obroče in ograde za ločevanje živali; nožne kopeli; posebne zmogljivosti za nekatere vrste, npr. kratke vodne kopeli in ograde za striženje ovc; ter prostor, v katerem se živali lahko opomorejo po postopkih.
Ideally these facilities should be protected from prevailing weather conditions for the comfort of both animals and operators.
V najboljšem primeru morajo biti ti prostori zaščiteni pred prevladujočimi vremenskimi razmerami, da je udobno živalim in udeležencem.
Animals should be handled quietly and firmly and not be rushed along races and passageways.
Z živalmi je treba ravnati tiho in odločno, vendar brez preganjanja po obročih in hodnikih.
These should be designed, taking account of the natural behaviour of the animals, to facilitate ease of movement and minimise the risk of injury.
Ti morajo biti ob upoštevanju naravnega vedenja živali oblikovani tako, da olajšujejo gibanje in zmanjšujejo tveganje za nastanek poškodb.
Immobilisation devices should not cause injury or unnecessary distress.
Naprave za imobilizacijo ne smejo povzročati poškodb ali nepotrebnega trpljenja.
Aversive stimuli, physical or electrical, should not be used.
Fizični ali električni averzivni dražljaji se ne smejo uporabljati.
Passages and gates should be of sufficient width to permit two animals to pass freely, whereas races should be of width only to permit one-way movement.
Hodniki in vrata morajo biti dovolj široki, da omogočajo prost prehod za dve živali, obroči pa morajo omogočati gibanje le v eno smer.
Regular handling will allow habituation of animals to human contact.
Redna oskrba živalim omogoča privajanje na stik s človekom.
Where frequent handling is required, a programme of training and positive rewards should be considered to minimise fear and distress.
Če je potrebna pogosta oskrba, je treba izvajati program šolanja in pozitivnega nagrajevanja, da se zmanjšata strah in trpljenje.
Animals should not be closely confined except for the duration of any examination, treatment or sampling, whilst accommodation is being cleaned, collecting for milking, or loading for transport.
Živali ne smejo biti zaprte v tesnem prostoru, razen med pregledom, zdravljenjem ali vzorčenjem, čiščenjem bivališč, zbiranjem živali za molzenje ali natovarjanjem za prevoz.
All systems for the humane killing of farm animals should be designed to ensure that animals are not caused unnecessary distress.
Vsi sistemi za humano ubijanje domačih živali morajo delovati tako, da živalim ne povzročajo nepotrebnega trpljenja.
Careful handling by experienced staff, with minimum disruption to normal practices, will minimise distress to the animals, before they are humanely killed.
Pazljivo ravnanje izkušenega osebja z minimalno prekinitvijo običajne prakse zmanjšuje trpljenje živali pred humanim ubitjem.
Killing should not be performed in areas where other animals are present, unless in the case of euthanasia of a badly injured animal where additional suffering may be caused by moving the animal.
Ubitje se ne sme izvesti v prostorih, v katerih so prisotne druge živali, razen v primeru evtanazije hudo poškodovane živali, v katerem bi premikanje živali povzročilo dodatno trpljenje.
Animals should be individually identified by the appropriate use of transponders, ear tags, plastic neck collars and/or rumen boluses.
Živali je treba posamezno označiti z ustrezno uporabo transponderjev, ušesnih znamk, plastičnih ovratnikov in/ali bolus transponderjev.
Freeze branding and tattooing may be less suitable.
Hladno žigosanje in tetoviranje sta manj primerna.
Hot branding should not be used.
Vroče žigosanje se ne sme uporabljati.
Identification devices should only be applied by trained personnel and at times when the procedure is likely to have minimal adverse effects on the animal.
Naprave za označevanje mora uporabljati le usposobljeno osebje in takrat, ko bo postopek verjetno najmanj škodljivo vplival na žival.
Tagged or tattooed ears should be checked regularly for signs of infection and lost tags should be replaced using the original tag hole where possible.
Redno je treba opazovati označena ali tetovirana ušesa zaradi morebitnih znakov okužb, izgubljene ušesne znamke pa je treba zamenjati tako, da se vstavijo v prejšnje luknje v ušesu, če je mogoče.
If electronic devices of identification are used, they should be of the correct size and specification for the animal and should be checked regularly for function and the absence of any adverse reactions, for example, injection site reactions and rubbing or pharyngeal trauma as a result of improper bolus administration.
Če se uporabljajo elektronske naprave za označevanje, morajo biti ustrezno velike in upoštevati specifikacije za žival, redno pa je treba pregledovati delovanje teh naprav in neželene učinke, npr. reakcije na mestu injeciranja ter drgnjenje ali draženje žrela zaradi nepravilne namestitve bolus transponderja.
Cattle (Bos taurus and Bos indicus) are social animals forming hierarchies based on dominance relationships among herd members.
Govedo (Bos taurus in Bos indicus) so družabne živali, ki oblikujejo hierarhije na podlagi dominantnega razmerja med člani črede.
They will frequently develop affinity relationships with conspecifics.
Pogosto razvijejo sorodstvena razmerja znotraj vrste.
As ruminants, cattle spend much of the day foraging, followed by long rest periods.
Govedo so prežvekovalci in se večino dneva pasejo, temu pa sledijo dolga obdobja počivanja.
Cattle are normally docile and are easily habituated to human contact.
Govedo je običajno ubogljivo in se brez težav navadi na stik s človekom.
(See paragraph 2 of the General considerations for farm animals and mini-pigs)
(Glej odstavek 2 Splošnih načel za domače živali in pritlikave svinje.)
(See paragraph 3 of the General considerations for farm animals and mini-pigs)
(Glej odstavek 3 Splošnih načel za domače živali in pritlikave svinje.)
Horned and polled animals should not be mixed, except for young calves and their mothers.
Rogate in živali brez rogov ne smejo biti v istem prostoru, razen mladičev in njihovih mater.
Table G.1.
Tabela G.1
Cattle: Minimum enclosure dimensions and space allowances
Govedo: Najmanjše mere ograjenih prostorov in prostorske zmogljivosti
(m2/animal)
(m2/žival)
Trough space for ad-libitum feeding of polled cattle (m/animal)
Velikost korita za hranjenje goveda brez rogov po želji (m/žival)
Trough space for restricted feeding of polled cattle (m/animal)
Velikost korita za omejeno hranjenje goveda brez rogov (m/žival)
over 100 to 200
več kot 100 in do 200
over 200 to 400
več kot 200 in do 400
over 600 to 800
več kot 600 in do 800
over 800
več kot 800
Where cattle are housed indoors, a bedded area sufficient to allow all of the animals to lie simultaneously will be provided.
Če je govedo nameščeno v notranjih ograjenih prostorih, je na voljo površina s steljo, ki omogoča istočasno ležanje vseh živali.
Where cubicles are not provided, this area will normally be approximately 70 % of the minimum floor area shown in the above table.
Če ograjeni prostori niso na voljo, ta površina zajema približno 70 % najmanjše površine iz zgornje tabele.
The remainder of the enclosure can be non-bedded for feeding and exercise.
Preostanek ograjenega prostora je lahko brez stelje, namenjen hranjenju in gibanju.
If individual open-ended cubicles are provided as the bedded area, this area may be reduced in size, but the total number of cubicles should exceed animal numbers by 5 % to reduce competition and permit all animals to lie simultaneously.
Če so kot površina s steljo na voljo posamezni odprti ograjeni prostori, se lahko velikost te površine zmanjša, vendar mora biti skupno število ograjenih prostorov večje od števila živali za 5 %, da se zmanjša tekmovalnost in omogoči istočasno ležanje vseh živali.
The design of cubicles is critical to their comfort, and specialist advice should be sought before installation.
Ker zasnova ograjenih prostorov sama po sebi ne zagotavlja udobja, se je treba pred namestitvijo posvetovati s strokovnjakom.
It should include consideration of the body size of the animal, a surface sufficiently cushioned to prevent injury, adequate stall drainage, correctly positioned stall dividers and head rails, lateral and vertical freedom for head movement and adequate lunging space.
Upoštevati je treba velikost živali, površina mora biti dovolj mehka za preprečevanje poškodb, nameščeno mora biti ustrezno odvodnjavanje iz hleva, pregrade v hlevih in rešetke v višini glave morajo biti pravilno nameščene, živalim pa mora biti omogočeno stransko in navpično premikanje glave ter dovolj prostora za sunkovite gibe.
The height of the rear step should prevent dung entering the cubicle during cleaning, but not be of such a height that it causes damage to the feet during ingress and exit.
Višina zadnje stopnice mora preprečevati vnos gnoja v ograjen prostor med čiščenjem, vendar ne sme biti tako visoka, da bi povzročala poškodbe stopal pri vstopu in izstopu.
Cubicle length is primarily determined by the weight of the animals.
Dolžina ograjenega prostora se določi predvsem glede na težo živali.
Cubicle width will vary, depending on the type of division used, but must be sufficient to allow the animals to lie comfortably without undue pressure being exerted by the divisions on vulnerable parts of the body.
Širina ograjenega prostora je različna, odvisno od vrste uporabljene pregrade, vendar mora biti zadostna, da omogoča udobno ležanje živali brez pritiska, ki ga povzročajo pregrade, na občutljive dela telesa.
Specialist advice should be sought on the design and installation of cubicles.
V zvezi z zasnovo in namestitvijo ograjenih prostorov se je treba posvetovati s strokovnjakom.
The trough space provided will allow all animals to feed at the same time, unless the diet is available ad libitum (see above table).
Dovolj veliko korito bo zagotovilo istočasno hranjenje vseh živali, razen če je na voljo hranjenje po želji (glej zgornjo tabelo).
Horned cattle require more trough space than polled animals, and due allowance should be made for this.
Rogato govedo potrebuje večje korito kot živali brez rogov, zato morajo biti na voljo ustrezne zmogljivosti.
Lactating dairy cows will require 50 % more space.
Doječe krave molznice potrebujejo 50 % več prostora.
Water bowls: a minimum of two water bowls should be provided when cattle are group-housed.
Napajalniki z vodo: če je govedo nameščeno v skupinah, morata biti na voljo najmanj dva napajalnika z vodo.
For groups of over twenty cattle, at least one drinking bowl for ten animals should be provided.
Pri skupinah z več kot dvajsetimi glavami goveda mora biti na voljo vsaj en napajalnik na deset živali.
Where animals are milked by machine, equipment should be maintained to a high standard to prevent diseases such as mastitis.
Če se živali molzejo strojno, je treba ohranjati visok standard opreme, da se preprečijo bolezni, kot je vnetje vimena.
Horned cattle may present a danger to personnel in confined spaces.
Rogato govedo je lahko v zaprtih ograjenih prostorih nevarno za osebje.
Under these circumstances, it may be necessary to consider dehorning.
V takih primerih je treba živalim odstraniti rogove.
Wherever possible, this should be carried out on calves under the age of eight weeks.
Če je mogoče, se to izvede pri mladičih, starih manj kot osem tednov.
Sheep (Ovis aries) are grazing animals which, because of differences between breeds, for example fleece characteristics, will thrive in a wide range of climatic conditions.
Ovce (Ovis aries) so pašne živali, ki lahko zaradi razlik med pasmami, npr. glede na vrsto volne, živijo v različnih podnebnih razmerah.
Under natural or farming conditions, sheep are very social, spending all their lives close to other members of the flock whom they recognise individually.
V naravnih razmerah ali razmerah za rejo so ovce zelo družabne in celo življenje živijo skupaj s člani črede, ki ji pripadajo.
As a species, they are therefore particularly disturbed by social isolation, a factor which should be taken into account when designing animal accommodation.
Kot vrsto jih zato zlasti prizadene družbena osamitev, dejavnik, ki ga je treba upoštevati pri določanju bivališča za živali.
However, in terms of social cohesion there are recognisable variations between breeds as, for example, hill sheep tend not to flock closely together when left undisturbed.
Vendar glede na družbeno povezanost obstajajo bistvene razlike med pasmami, npr. hribovske ovce se ne zbirajo tesno skupaj, kadar se jih ne moti.
Goats (Capra hircus) are a naturally inquisitive species and generally interact well with other animal species and humans.
Koze (Capra hircus) so naravno radovedne živali in se običajno rade družijo z drugimi vrstami živali in ljudmi.
Like sheep, goats live in social groups and are disturbed by social isolation.
Koze tako kot ovce živijo v družbenih skupinah, zato jih družbena osamitev moti.
Goats obtain their food by browsing more than by grazing and are best adapted to dry, firm ground.
Koze se hranijo s smukanjem listov in ne toliko s pašo ter so bolje prilagojene na suha in trda tla.
Their ability to climb is considerable and this facilitates their browsing.
Znajo dobro plezati, kar jim olajšuje smukanje listov.
They prefer warm conditions and do not tolerate wet and windy conditions well.
Raje imajo toplejše vreme ter ne prenašajo dobro vlage in vetra.
Under extreme conditions, sheep will require access to natural or artificial wind-break shelter and shade, whilst different coat characteristics mean that goats are less tolerant of prolonged rain and should have free access to roofed shelter areas whilst outside.
V skrajnih razmerah morata biti ovcam zagotovljena dostop do naravnega ali umetnega zavetja pred vetrom ter senca, koze pa zaradi različnih lastnosti dlake slabše prenašajo daljša deževna obdobja, zato morajo imeti prost dostop do zavetja s streho, ko so zunaj.
Recently shorn animals may need higher environmental temperatures than fleeced animals.
Pred kratkim ostrižene živali potrebujejo višjo temperaturo okolja kot živali z dlako.
Adult sheep and goats of wool breeds should be shorn at least once per year, unless this would compromise their welfare.
Odrasle ovce in koze volnate pasme je treba striči vsaj enkrat na leto, razen če bi to ogrozilo njihovo dobro počutje.
Entire adult males from both species can be more solitary than females and young offspring.
Odrasli plemenski samci obeh vrst so bolj samotarski kot samice in mlajši mladiči.
They may be aggressive, particularly during the breeding season, requiring careful management to reduce the risks of fighting and injury to handlers.
Lahko so napadalni, zlasti med parjenjem, zato je treba z njimi pazljivo ravnati, da se zmanjša tveganje napada in poškodb za oskrbnike.
Horned and polled goats should not be housed together.
Rogate koze in koze brez rogov ne smejo biti nameščene skupaj.
Sufficient raised areas of appropriate size and quantity to prevent dominant animals impeding access should be provided for goats.
Kozam je treba zagotoviti dovolj dvignjene in velike prostore, da nadrejene živali ne morejo ovirati dostopa.
Table G.2.
Tabela G.2
Sheep and Goats: Minimum enclosure dimensions and space allowances
Ovce in koze: Najmanjše mere ograjenih prostorov in prostorske zmogljivosti
Minimum partition height [20](m)
Najmanjša višina pregrade [20](m)
Trough space for ad-libitum feeding (m/animal)
Velikost korita za hranjenje po želji (m/žival)
Trough space for restricted feeding (m/animal)
Velikost korita za omejeno hranjenje (m/žival)
over 20 to 35
več kot 20 in do 35
over 35 to 60
več kot 35 in do 60
over 60
več kot 60
The entire enclosure should have a solid floor with appropriate bedding provided.
Celotni ograjeni prostor mora imeti trdna tla z ustrezno steljo.