natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
IBIDEN HU also indicated that, although the Commission in the Decision to open the formal investigation procedure suggests the opposite, in reality the price of IBIDEN’s product is not four times more than the price of a DOC. IBIDEN HU manufactures a semi-finished product, and therefore the final product (coated DPF) is much more expensive than IBIDEN HU’s semi-finished product.
Družba IBIDEN HU je navedla tudi, da čeprav Komisija v odločitvi o uvedbi formalnega postopka preiskave trdi nasprotno, v resnici cena proizvoda družbe IBIDEN ni štirikrat višja od cene DOC. Družba IBIDEN HU izdeluje polproizvod, zato je končni proizvod (prevlečen DPF) precej dražji kakor polproizvod družbe IBIDEN HU.
The current industry experience shows that the market price of the device after the coating, canning and application of the mat is 2,5 times higher than that of the substrate, the product of IBIDEN Group: for example, in 2007 the market price of a DPF was EUR 453 and the price of the substrate (semi-finished product) was only EUR […], while the market price of a DOC was EUR 102 in 2007 [20].
Trenutne industrijske izkušnje kažejo, da je tržna cena naprave po prevlečenju, konzerviranju in nanosu mata 2,5-krat višja kakor cena substrata, proizvoda skupine IBIDEN Group: na primer, leta 2007 je bila tržna cena za DPF 453 EUR, cena substrata (polproizvoda) pa le […] EUR, medtem ko je bila tržna cena za DOC v letu 2007 102 EUR [20].
Moreover, regarding the supply side substitution, IBIDEN HU indicates that the production technologies of DOC and DPF are very similar: the only main differences are that in the case of DPF a plugging process is added to that of DOC’s and the phase of cutting is earlier than in the case of DOC.
Poleg tega, kar zadeva zamenljivost na strani ponudbe, družba IBIDEN HU opozarja, da sta proizvodni tehnologiji DOC in DPF zelo podobni: edini glavni razliki sta, da je pri DPF postopku DOC dodan še postopek mašenja in da je faza rezanja na vrsti prej kakor pri DOC.
Furthermore, IBIDEN HU claims that according to several studies, including a document by Johnson Matthey Japan, there are manufacturers that produce both DOC and DPF, so the distinction between DOC manufacturers and DPF manufacturers is blurred.
Ob tem družba IBIDEN HU trdi, da glede na več raziskav, vključno z dokumentom družbe Johnson Matthey Japan, obstajajo proizvajalci, ki proizvajajo DOC in tudi DPF, tako da je razlika med proizvajalci DOC in proizvajalci DPF zabrisana.
Relevant product market according to Saint-Gobain and the interested party whose identity is withheld
Upoštevni proizvodni trg glede na družbo Saint-Gobain in zainteresirano stranko, katere identiteta je prikrita
Two of the four interested parties — Saint-Gobain and the party whose identity is withheld — supported the Commission’s doubts expressed in the Decision to open the formal investigation procedure.
Dve od štirih zainteresiranih strank – Saint-Gobain in stranka, katere identiteta je prikrita – sta podprli dvome, ki jih je Komisija izrazila v odločitvi o uvedbi formalnega postopka preiskave.
According to them, DOC and DPF cannot be considered as substitutes and thus they do not belong to the same relevant product market.
Po njunih navedbah DOC in DPF ni mogoče šteti kot substituta in torej ne spadata v isti upoštevni proizvodni trg.
Therefore, they argue that in the present case the DPF market alone is the relevant product market.
Zato trdita, da je v tej zadevi trg DPF edini upoštevni proizvodni trg.
According to these parties, the main reasons for this are the following:
Po navedbah teh strank so glavni razlogi za to naslednji:
No demand side substitution
Ni zamenljivosti na strani povpraševanja
The interested parties indicate that the main characteristics of the substrates for a DOC and a DPF are different: a DOC substrate is usually made from non porous cordierite which must resist 400 °C temperatures or from stainless metal foil.
Zainteresirani stranki opozarjata, da so glavne značilnosti substratov za DOC in DPF različne: substrat za DOC je običajno izdelan iz neporoznega kordierita, ki mora biti odporen proti temperaturi 400 °C, ali iz nerjavne kovinske folije.
A DPF substrate is in general made of porous silicon carbide which must resist 1000 °C (resistance to such high temperature is needed to burn-off soot and avoid blockage of the coated filter).
Substrat za DPF je praviloma izdelan iz poroznega silicijevega karbida, ki mora biti odporen proti 1000 °C (odpornost proti tako visoki temperaturi je potrebna za izžiganje saj in preprečitev blokade prevlečenega filtra).
Thus, due to very different thermal characteristics, customers cannot switch between substrates for DPF and substrates for DOC in case of relative price increase for one of the products.
Zaradi zelo različnih toplotnih značilnosti zato stranke v primeru relativnega povišanja cen enega od proizvodov ne morejo menjati med substrati za DPF in substrati za DOC.
According to Saint-Gobain, since the materials used for the substrates for DPF are higher performance materials, there is also a difference in prices between the two components: a substrate (without the cost of catalyst coating and canning) of a DPF on average costs EUR 120, while a substrate of a DOC on average costs between EUR 12-EUR 20 (also without the cost of catalyst coating and canning).
Po navedbah družbe Saint-Gobain je posledica tega, da so materiali, ki se uporabljajo za substrate za DPF, boljši materiali, tudi razlika v ceni med obema komponentama: substrat (brez stroškov prevlečenja katalizatorja in konzerviranja) za DPF stane v povprečju 120 EUR, medtem ko substrat za DOC stane v povprečju med 12 EUR in 20 EUR (prav tako brez stroškov prevlečenja katalizatorja in konzerviranja).
Therefore, as Saint-Gobain claims, DPF manufacturers can obviously not switch to a DOC substrate for technical reasons (which they would otherwise do given the price difference) and a DOC producer would not substitute a DOC substrate with a DPF substrate as he/she would get a much more expensive product without an oxidation function comparable to a DOC substrate.
Zato, kot trdi Saint-Gobain, proizvajalci DPF očitno ne morejo preiti na substrat za DOC iz tehničnih razlogov (kar bi sicer, glede na razliko v ceni, storili), proizvajalec DOC pa ne bi zamenjal substrata za DOC s substratom za DPF, saj bi dobil precej dražji proizvod brez oksidacijske funkcije v primerjavi s substratom za DOC.
Saint-Gobain and the party with withheld identity also emphasize the differences in the use of a DOC and a DPF [21]: the primary purpose of a DOC is to oxidise certain gases by way of chemical reaction, while the primary function of a DPF is to filter out soot by way of mechanical process.
Družba Saint-Gobain in stranka s prikrito identiteto poleg tega poudarjata razlike v uporabi DOC in DPF [21]: osnovni namen DOC je oksidacija nekaterih plinov s kemijsko reakcijo, medtem ko je osnovna funkcija DPF prefiltriranje saj z mehanskim postopkom.
While, under certain circumstances, a DPF performs — as a collateral effect — some of the functionality of the DOC, the full oxidation effect cannot be achieved without the installation of both devices.
Čeprav v določenih okoliščinah DPF opravlja – kot stranski učinek – nekaj funkcionalnosti DOC, učinka popolne oksidacije ni mogoče doseči, ne da bi vgradili obe napravi.
Even the coated DPF that uses the substrate produced by IBIDEN HU does not have the full functionality of a DOC, since it only serves the purpose of providing sufficient temperature for the burning-off the soot, but it does not have the same purification effect as a full-function DOC. They indicate that, according to the expectations of many car manufacturers and automotive suppliers, a DOC and a DPF will remain separate devices installed next to each other in the gas exhaust line.
Tudi prevlečeni DPF, ki uporablja substrat, ki ga proizvaja družba IBIDEN HU, nima popolne funkcionalnosti DOC, saj služi le zagotavljanju zadostne temperature za izžiganje saj, nima pa enakega prečiščevalnega učinka kakor polno delujoči DOC. Opozarjata, da bosta po pričakovanjih številnih proizvajalcev avtomobilov in dobaviteljev motornih vozil DOC in DPF ostala ločeni napravi, vgrajeni druga ob drugi v cevi za izpušne pline.
No supply side substitution
Ni zamenljivosti na strani ponudbe
Further, Saint-Gobain and the party with withheld identity also indicate that the production process of the DOC and DPF substrates are very different: the non porous cordierite used for the DOC substrate is sintered in the air at 400 °C temperature.
Nadalje družba Saint-Gobain in stranka s prikrito identiteto opozarjata tudi, da sta proizvodni postopek substratov za DOC in za DPF zelo različna: neporozni kordierit, ki se uporablja za substrat za DOC, je sintran v zraku pri temperaturi 400 °C.
While silicon carbide, the material used for a DPF substrate (which is also the material of IBIDEN HU’s substrate), must be prepared at very high temperature (above 2000 °C) in the oxygen free atmosphere.
Medtem mora biti silicijev karbid – material, ki se uporablja za substrat za DPF (ki je tudi material substrata družbe IBIDEN HU) – pripravljen pri zelo visoki temperaturi (nad 2000 °C) v atmosferi brez kisika.
This difference of temperature alone is so vital that one of the most essential and costly production elements cannot be used to produce both types of product.
Že samo ta razlika v temperaturi je tako zelo pomembna, da enega najbistvenejših in najdražjih proizvodnih elementov ni mogoče uporabljati za proizvodnjo obeh vrst proizvodov.
Further, a substrate for the DOC is always a single block honeycomb cylinder, the channels of which are not plugged.
Nadalje, substrat za DOC je vedno satasti valj, ki je v enem bloku in katerega kanali niso zamašeni.
A substrate for the DPF is normally formed by gluing several filtering elements, and channels of the DPF are plugged.
Substrat za DPF je navadno oblikovan z lepljenjem več filtrirnih elementov, kanali DPF pa so zamašeni.
For the manufacture of DPF substrates a non-oxide high temperature sintering furnace, gluing and plugging equipment are needed, which are not necessary for the production of substrates for DOC. Thus, the interested parties argue that it is not possible to produce DPF on the DOC’s production lines or vice versa.
Za izdelavo substratov za DPF so potrebni neoksidna visokotemperaturna peč za sintranje, lepljenje in mašilna naprava, ki niso potrebni za proizvodnjo substratov za DOC. Zato zainteresirani stranki trdita, da ni mogoče proizvajati DPF na proizvodnih linijah za DOC ali obratno.
COMMENTS FROM THE HUNGARIAN AUTHORITIES
PRIPOMBE MADŽARSKIH ORGANOV
The Hungarian authorities support the view of Aerosol & Particle Technology Laboratory and IBIDEN Hungary Gyártó Kft. in relation to the relevant product, market, price, demand side and supply side specificities.
Madžarski organi podpirajo stališče centra Aerosol & Particle Technology Laboratory in družbe IBIDEN Hungary Gyártó Kft. v zvezi s posebnimi značilnostmi zadevnega proizvoda, trga, cene ter strani povpraševanja in ponudbe.
According to the Hungarian authorities, modern diesel emission control is based on the integration of different functionalities at system level.
Po navedbah madžarskih organov sodobni sistem za uravnavanje emisij pri dizelskih motorjih temelji na povezovanju različnih funkcionalnosti na ravni sistema.
The close inter-dependency of all sub-units (such as DOC and DPF) in a diesel emission control system, has led to multi-player supply-chains, linking substrate, coating and exhaust system manufacturers, and the performance characteristics of each individual sub-unit create challenges to the entire supply-chain.
Tesna soodvisnost vseh podenot (kakor sta DOC in DPF) v sistemu za uravnavanje emisij pri dizelskih motorjih je privedla do dobavnih verig z več akterji, ki povezujejo proizvajalce substratov, prevlek in izpušnih sistemov, in značilnosti delovanja vsake posamezne podenote ustvarjajo izzive za celotno dobavno verigo.
Therefore the diesel emission control system or diesel after-treatment system should be defined as the relevant product.
Zato bi bilo treba sistem za uravnavanje emisij oziroma sistem za naknadno obdelavo pri dizelskih motorjih opredeliti kot zadevni proizvod.
They also argue that the product of IBIDEN HU is a multifunctional part fitted into the exhaust pipe system.
Trdijo tudi, da je proizvod družbe IBIDEN HU večfunkcionalen del, vgrajen v sistem izpušne cevi.
The combination of this product and a DOC creates the third generation after-treatment device.
Kombinacija tega proizvoda in DOC oblikuje napravo za naknadno obdelavo tretje generacije.
Furthermore, the product of IBIDEN HU is a semi-finished product due to the fact that it will be coated at a further level.
Poleg tega je proizvod družbe IBIDEN HU zaradi dejstva, da je prevlečen kasneje, polproizvod.
Without coating the product is not fully-functional and may not be classified as a finished product in terms of third-generation DPF.
Brez prevleke proizvod ni polno delujoč in ga ni mogoče uvrstiti med dokončane proizvode v smislu DPF tretje generacije.
This is also supported by the fact that the final product is much more expensive than IBIDEN HU’s semi-finished product: currently the market price of the final device is 2,5 times higher than that of the filter produced by IBIDEN HU.
To potrjuje tudi dejstvo, da je končni proizvod precej dražji kakor polproizvod družbe IBIDEN HU: trenutno je tržna cena končne naprave 2,5-krat višja kakor cena filtra, ki ga proizvaja družba IBIDEN HU.
Further, the Hungarian authorities indicate that, in practice, DPFs are installed in most diesel-engine cars, and manufacturers that need a DOC also need a DPF.
Nadalje madžarski organi opozarjajo, da so v praksi DPF vgrajeni v večino avtomobilov z dizelskim motorjem in da proizvajalci, ki potrebujejo DOC, potrebujejo tudi DPF.
The demand creates a common market for the products, as the same manufacturers use the same methods, infrastructure and efforts to obtain the products.
Povpraševanje ustvarja skupni trg za proizvode, saj isti proizvajalci za pridobivanje proizvodov uporabljajo iste metode, infrastrukturo in moči.
On the supply side, DOC and DPF manufacturers usually use the same manufacturing processes, production technology and materials.
Na strani ponudbe proizvajalci DOC in DPF običajno uporabljajo enake postopke izdelave, proizvodno tehnologijo in materiale.
In terms of materials, both DOCs and DPFs use cordierite.
Kar zadeva material, se za DOC in tudi za DPF uporablja kordierit.
In production they undergo the same processes, such as material preparation, mixture, tempering, and moulding, drying, finishing and firing.
V proizvodnji so podvrženi istim postopkom, kakršni so priprava, mešanje in popuščanje materialov ter oblikovanje, sušenje, končna obdelava in žganje.
The only differences between the production process of the two products are an extra stage (plugging) and the rescheduling of another stage (cutting).
Edini razliki med proizvodnim procesom obeh proizvodov sta dodatna faza (mašenje) in reprogramiranje druge faze (rezanje).
Consequently, the same manufacturers will be involved with supply, and DOC and DPF compete with each other in the exhaust gas after-treatment market.
Zato se bodo s ponudbo ukvarjali isti proizvajalci, DOC in DPF pa konkurirata na trgu sistemov za naknadno obdelavo izpušnih plinov.
The Hungarian authorities emphasize that IBIDEN HU is able to produce substrates for particulate filters with the same equipment without any significant investment, as any manufacturer with the same production technology could.
Madžarski organi poudarjajo, da družba IBIDEN HU lahko proizvaja substrate za filtre za delce z isto opremo brez kakršne koli večje naložbe, kot bi to lahko vsak proizvajalec z isto proizvodno tehnologijo.
As the DPF is a form of developed DOC, the cost of the modification is not an initial investment in another product line, but an essential development of production assets.
Ker je DPF oblika razvitega DOC, stroški izboljšave niso začetna naložba v drugo proizvodno linijo, ampak predstavljajo temeljni razvoj proizvodnih sredstev.
In addition, the Hungarian authorities indicate that a clear trend can also be seen in the technological development of DOC and DPF, which is leading to a new generation of filters which could incorporate the advantages, characteristics and former technologies in one unit, thereby combining a DOC and a DPF.
Poleg tega madžarski organi opozarjajo, da je prav tako mogoče opaziti očiten trend v tehnološkem razvoju DOC in DPF, ki pelje v novo generacijo filtrov, ki bi lahko vključevali prednosti, značilnosti in prejšnje tehnologije v eni enoti ter tako združevali DOC in DPF.
When defining the relevant market and calculating the market share, the DOC should also be taken into account as it constitutes a combined after-treatment device with a DPF, and together they ensure compliance with the regulations.
Pri opredeljevanju upoštevnega trga in računanju tržnega deleža je treba upoštevati tudi DOC, saj predstavlja kombinirano napravo za naknadno obdelavo z DPF, skupaj pa zagotavljata izpolnjevanje predpisov.
In view of the above arguments, the Hungarian authorities consider that the only supportable definition of the relevant market is the whole diesel after-treatment devices market, including both DPF and DOC. According to the study prepared by an independent market research company AVL, IBIDEN’s market share in the diesel after-treatment devices market remains below 25 % both before and after the investment, thus, fulfilling the condition in paragraph 24(a) of MSF 2002.
Ob upoštevanju zgornjih argumentov madžarski organi menijo, da je edina sprejemljiva opredelitev upoštevnega trga celotni trg naprav za naknadno obdelavo za dizelske motorje, vključno z DPF in DOC. Glede na raziskavo, ki jo je pripravila neodvisna družba za raziskovanje trga AVL, je tržni delež družbe IBIDEN na trgu naprav za naknadno obdelavo za dizelske motorje še vedno nižji od 25 % tako pred naložbo kot po njej in tako izpolnjuje pogoj iz odstavka 24(a) večsektorskega okvira iz leta 2002.
Therefore, the Hungarian authorities consider that the Commission should terminate the Article 88(2) procedure by a positive decision.
Zato madžarski organi menijo, da bi morala Komisija postopek po členu 88(2) zaključiti s pozitivno odločbo.
Existence of State aid in the meaning of Article 87(1) of the EC Treaty
Obstoj državne pomoči v smislu člena 87(1) Pogodbe ES
In the Decision to initiate the formal investigation procedure, the Commission concluded that the financial support given by the Hungarian authorities to IBIDEN Hungary Gyártó Kft. on the basis of the existing regional aid schemes (HU 1/2003 ‘Earmarked Scheme for Investment Promotion’ and N 504/2004 ‘Development Tax Benefit’) in the form of a grant and a tax credit constitutes State aid within the meaning of Article 87(1) of the EC Treaty.
V odločitvi o sprožitvi formalnega postopka preiskave je Komisija ugotovila, da finančna podpora, ki so jo madžarski organi podelili družbi IBIDEN Hungary Gyártó Kft. na podlagi obstoječih shem regionalnih pomoči (HU 1/2003 „Namenski program za spodbujanje naložb“ in N 504/2004 „Davčne ugodnosti za razvoj“) v obliki dotacije in davčnega odbitka, predstavlja državno pomoč v smislu člena 87(1) Pogodbe ES.
The Hungarian authorities have not contested that conclusion.
Madžarski organi tej ugotovitvi niso nasprotovali.
Notification requirement, legality of the aid, and applicable law
Obveznost priglasitve, zakonitost pomoči in veljavna zakonodaja
By notifying the measure in 2006, the Hungarian authorities complied with the individual notification requirement of paragraph 24 of the MSF 2002.
S priglasitvijo ukrepa leta 2006 so madžarski organi izpolnili obveznost individualne priglasitve iz odstavka 24 večsektorskega okvira iz leta 2002.
In line with paragraph 63 and footnote 58 of the Guidelines on national regional aid for 2007-2013 [22], the Commission assessed the aid measure under the provisions of the Guidelines on national regional aid 1998 (hereafter: RAG) and the MSF 2002.
V skladu z odstavkom 63 in opombo 58 iz Smernic o državni regionalni pomoči za 2007–2013 [22] je Komisija ocenila ukrep pomoči na podlagi določb Smernic o državni regionalni pomoči za 1998 (v nadaljnjem besedilu: smernice o regionalni pomoči) in večsektorskega okvira iz leta 2002.
Compatibility of the aid with the RAG
Združljivost pomoči s smernicami o regionalni pomoči
In the Decision to initiate the formal investigation procedure, the Commission indicated that the aid is granted in conformity with the existing regional aid schemes [23] and concluded that the standard compatibility criteria laid down in the RAG (such as compatibility criteria concerning initial investment in the region eligible for regional aid, eligible costs, own contribution, incentive effect, maintenance of the investment, cumulation) are respected.
V odločitvi o sprožitvi formalnega postopka preiskave je Komisija opozorila, da je pomoč podeljena skladno z obstoječimi shemami regionalnih pomoči [23], in ugotovila, da se upoštevajo standardna merila združljivosti iz smernic o regionalni pomoči (kakršna so merila združljivosti glede začetne naložbe v regiji, upravičene do regionalne pomoči, upravičenih stroškov, lastnega prispevka, spodbujevalnega učinka, ohranjanja naložbe, kumulacije).
Compatibility of the aid with the MSF 2002 provisions
Združljivost pomoči z določbami večsektorskega okvira iz leta 2002
Single investment project
Enotni naložbeni projekt
Paragraph 49 of the MSF 2002 states that an investment project should not be artificially divided into sub-projects in order to escape the provisions of the framework.
Odstavek 49 večsektorskega okvira iz leta 2002 določa, da naložbeni projekt ne sme biti umetno razdeljen na podprojekte, da bi se izognili določbam okvira.
A ‘single investment project’ includes all the fixed investments on a production site in a period of three years [24].
„Enotni naložbeni projekt“ zajema vse naložbe v stalna sredstva na proizvodni lokaciji v obdobju treh let [24].
A production site is an economically indivisible series of fixed capital items fulfilling a precise technical function, linked by a physical or functional link, and which have clearly identified aims, such as the production of a defined product.
Proizvodna lokacija je ekonomsko nedeljiva celota investicijskega blaga, ki izpolnjuje natančno določeno tehnično funkcijo, povezano s fizično ali funkcionalno povezavo, in ima jasno opredeljene cilje, kot je proizvodnja opredeljenega proizvoda.
As IBIDEN HU already received regional aid in the past for the first phase of the investment project on the same location and as the notification refers to the second phase of the investment project, it is necessary to establish whether the two phases form part of the same single investment project.
Ker je družba IBIDEN HU že v preteklosti prejel regionalno pomoč za prvo fazo naložbenega projekta na isti lokaciji in ker se priglasitev nanaša na drugo fazo naložbenega projekta, je treba ugotoviti, ali sta obe fazi del istega enotnega naložbenega projekta.
In this regard the Commission observes that the two investment phases concern the same production site (the Dunavarsány Industrial Park, the region of Central Hungary), the same company (IBIDEN HU), the same product (ceramic substrates for Diesel Particulate Filters) and the start of works on each project were commenced within a period of three years (the first phase started in 2004, while the second phase started in 2005).
V tej zvezi Komisija ugotavlja, da obe naložbeni fazi zadevata isto proizvodno lokacijo (industrijsko cono Dunavarsány, območje osrednje Madžarske), isto družbo (IBIDEN HU) in isti proizvod (keramične substrate za filtre za trdne delce za dizelske motorje) ter da so se dela na posameznem projektu začela v obdobju treh let (prva faza se je začela leta 2004, druga faza pa leta 2005).