natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Decant the fat and whey, homogenize the residue at 20000 rpm in 40 ml distilled water adjusted to pH 4,5 with dil. acetic acid (4.5.1), add 20 ml dichloromethane (4.5.2), homogenize again and centrifuge (5 minutes, 3000 g).
Odlijte maščobo in sirotko, homogenizirajte ostanek pri 20000 vrt./min v 40 ml destilirane vode s pH 4,5, dobljenim z razredčeno ocetno kislino (4.5.1); dodajte 20 ml diklorometana (4.5.2), znova homogenizirajte in centrifugirajte (5 minut, 3000 g).
Remove the casein layer that lies between the aqueous and organic phases (see Figure 2) with a spatula and decant off both phases.
Z lopatico odstranite kazeinsko plast, ki leži med vodno in organsko fazo (glej sliko 2), in odlijte obe fazi.
Rehomogenize the casein in 40 ml distilled water (see above) and 20 ml dichloromethane (4.5.2) and centrifuge.
Znova homogenizirajte kazein v 40 ml destilirane vode (glej zgoraj) in 20 ml diklorometana (4.5.2) in centrifugirajte.
Repeat this procedure until both extraction phases are colourless (two to three times).
Nadaljujte postopek (dva- do trikrat), dokler obe ekstrakcijski fazi ne postaneta brezbarvni.
Homogenize the protein residue with 50 ml acetone (4.5.3) and filter through a medium-speed folded filter paper.
Homogenizirajte proteinski preostanek s 50 ml acetona (4.5.3) in filtrirajte prek srednje hitrega nagubanega filtrirnega papirja.
Wash the residue on the filter with two separate 25 ml portions of acetone each time and allow to dry in the air or a stream of nitrogen, then pulverize finely in a mortar.
Ostanek na filtru vsakič sperite z dvema ločenima 25-mililitrskima odmerkoma acetona in pustite, da se posuši na zraku ali v toku dušika, nato ga v terilnici zdrobite v fin prah.
Note: Dry casein isolates should be kept at –20 °C.
Opomba: Izoliran suh kazein morate hraniti pri –20 °C.
Plasmin cleavage of β-caseins to intensify γ-caseins
Plazminsko cepljenje β-kazeinov za okrepitev γ-kazeinov
Disperse 25 mg of isolated caseins (6.1.1) in 0,5 ml ammonium carbonate buffer (4.7.1) and homogenize for 20 minutes by e.g. using ultrasonic treatment.
Disperzirajte 25 mg izoliranih kazeinov (6.1.1) v 0,5 ml pufra amonijevega karbonata (4.7.1) in 20 minut homogenizirajte, npr. z uporabo ultrazvočnega postopka.
Heat to 40 °C and add 10 μl plasmin (4.7.2), mix and incubate for one hour at 40 °C with continuous shaking.
Ogrejte na 40 °C in dodajte 10 μl plazmina (4.7.2), zmešajte in eno uro inkubirajte pri 40 °C z neprestanim tresenjem.
To inhibit the enzyme add 20 μl ε-aminoproic acid solution (4.7.3), then add 200 mg of solid urea and 2 mg of dithiothreitol.
Za inhibicijo encima dodajte 20 μl raztopine ε-aminokapronske kisline (4.7.3), nato dodajte 200 mg sečnine v trdi obliki in 2 ml ditiotreitola.
Note: To obtain more symmetry in the focused casein bands it is advisable to freeze-dry the solution after adding the ε-aminocaproic acid and then dissolving the residues in 0,5 ml protein dissolving buffer (4.6).
Opomba: Da bi dobili več simetrije v fokusiranih kazeinskih trakovih, je priporočljivo, da raztopino sušite z zmrzovanjem, potem ko ste dodali ε-aminokapronsko kislino, in nato raztopite preostanek v 0,5 ml pufra za raztapljanje proteinov (4.6).
Preparation of the urea containing polyacrylamide gels
Priprava sečnine, ki vsebuje poliakrilamidne gele
With the aid of a few drops of water roll the gel carrier sheet (5.2) onto a glass plate (5.1), removing any extraneous water with paper towel or tissue.
Z nekaj kapljicami vode povaljajte nosilno folijo za gel (5.2) po stekleni plošči (5.1), odstranite vso odvečno vodo s papirnato brisačo ali tkanino.
Roll the cover sheet (5.3) with spacers (0,25 mm) onto another glass plate in the same way.
Na enak način povaljajte pokrivno folijo (5.3) z distančniki (0,25 mm) po drugi stekleni plošči.
Lay the plate horizontally on a levelling table.
Položite ploščo vodoravno na nivelirno mizo.
Add 10 μl Temed (4.1.3.1) to the prepared and de-aerated gel solution (4.1.2), stir and add 10 μl PER-solution (4.1.3.2), mix thoroughly and immediately pour out evenly onto the centre of the cover sheet.
Dodajte 10 μl Temed-a (4.1.3.1) v pripravljeno in razplinjeno gelsko raztopino (4.1.2), pomešajte in dodajte 10 μl raztopine PER (4.1.3.2), dobro premešajte in takoj enakomerno nalijte na sredino pokrivne folije.
Place one edge of the gel carrier plate (sheet side down) on the cover sheet plate and lower it slowly so that a gel film forms between the sheets and spreads out regularly and free of bubbles (Figure 3).
En rob nosilne plošče gela (folija naj bo obrnjena navzdol) položite na pokrivno folijo in jo počasi spuščajte, tako da se med folijami naredi film gela in se enakomerno ter brez mehurčkov razširi (slika 3).
Carefully lower the gel carrier plate completely using a thin spatula and place three more glass plates on top of it to act as weights.
Pazljivo do konca spustite nosilno ploščo gela s tanko lopatico in nanjo položite še tri steklene plošče, ki bodo namenjene za uteži.
After polymerization is complete (about 60 minutes) remove the gel polymerized onto the gel carrier sheet along with the cover sheet by tipping the glass plates.
Potem ko je polimerizacija končana (po približno 60 minutah), premestite polimerizirani gel na nosilno folijo skupaj s pokrivno folijo, tako da rahlo udarite po steklenih ploščah.
Clean the reverse of the carrier sheet carefully to remove gel residues and urea.
Skrbno očistite hrbtno stran nosilne folije ostankov gela in sečnine.
Weld the gel sandwich into a film tube and store in a refrigerator (maximum six weeks).
Zavarite gelov sendvič v filmski tulec in shranite v hladilnik (največ 6 tednov).
Note: The cover sheet with the spacers can be re-used.
Opomba: Pokrivna folija z distančniki se lahko uporabi znova.
The polyacrylamide gel can be cut to smaller sizes, recommended when there are few samples or if an automatic electrophoresis device is used (two gels, size 4,5 × 5 cm).
Poliakrilamidni gel se lahko razreže v manjše kose, kar je priporočljivo zlasti, kadar je vzorcev malo ali če uporabljate avtomatsko elektroforezno napravo (dva gela, velikost 4,5 × 5 cm).
Set the cooling thermostat to 12 °C.
Nastavite termostat za hlajenje na 12 °C.
Wipe off the reverse of the gel carrier sheet with kerosene, then drip a few drops of kerosene (4.2) onto the centre of the cooling block.
S kerozinom zbrišite hrbtno stran nosilne folije in kapnite nekaj kapljic kerozina (4.2) na sredo hladilnega bloka.
Then roll the gel sandwich, carrier side down, onto it, taking care to avoid bubbles.
Nato po njem povaljajte gelov sendvič, z nosilno stranjo navzdol, in pazite, da ne nastanejo mehurčki.
Wipe off any excess kerosene and remove the cover sheet.
Obrišite ves odvečni kerozin in odstranite pokrivno folijo.
Soak the electrode strips with the electrode solutions (4.3, 4.4), cut to gel length and place in the positions provided (distance of electrodes 9,5 cm).
Prepojite elektrodna trakova z elektrodnima raztopinama (4.3, 4.4), odrežite ju v dolžini gela in postavite v pripravljene položaje (razdalja elektrod 9,5 cm).
Conditions for isoelectric focusing:
Pogoji za izoelektrično fokusiranje:
Gel size 265 × 125 × 0,25 mm
Velikost gela 265 × 125 × 0,25 mm
Voltage
Napetost
Current
Tok
Volt-hours
Volt ure
Pre-focusing
Predhodno fokusiranje
maximum 2500
največ 2500
maximum 15
največ 15 konstan.
Sample focusing [2]
Vzorčno fokusiranje [2]
Final focusing
Končno fokusiranje
maximum 5
največ 5
maximum 20
največ 20
maximum 6
največ 6
maximum 7
največ 7
maximum 25
največ 25
Note: If thickness or width of the gels are changed, the values for current and power have to be suitably adjusted (e.g. double the values for electric current and power if a 265 × 125 × 0,5 mm gel is used).
Opomba: Če sta debelina ali širina gela spremenjeni, se morata ustrezno prilagoditi vrednosti za tok in moč (npr. podvojite vrednosti za električni tok in moč, če se uporabi gel 265 × 125 × 0,5 mm).
Example of a voltage programme for an automatic electrophoresis device (2 gels of 5,0 × 4,5 cm), electrodes without strips applied directly to the gel
Primer programa napetosti za avtomatsko elektroforezno napravo (2 gela 5,0 × 4,5 cm), elektrodi brez trakov, ki se neposredno naneseta na gel
Temp.
Začasna
Sample focusing
Vzorčno fokusiranje
Place sample applicator in step 2 at 0 Vh.
V koraku 2 postavite trak za nanos vzorca na 0 Vh.
Remove sample applicator in step 2 at 30 Vh.
V koraku 2 odstranite trak za nanos vzorca pri 30 Vh.
Protein staining
Proteinsko obarvanje
Protein fixation
Proteinsko fiksiranje
Remove the electrode strips immediately after turning off the power and put the gel immediately into a staining/destaining dish filled with 200 ml fixative (4.9); leave for 15 minutes, shaking continuously.
Po izključitvi elektrike takoj odstranite elektrodna trakova in dajte gel v posodo za obarvanje/razbarvanje, napolnjeno z 200 ml fiksirja (4.9); pustite 15 minut in neprestano stresajte.
Washing and staining the gel plate
Umivanje in obarvanje gelske plošče
Thoroughly drain off the fixative and wash the gel plate twice for 30 seconds each time with 100 ml destaining solution (4.10).
Temeljito odtočite fiksir in dvakrat vsakič po 30 sekund spirajte gelsko ploščo s 100 ml raztopine za razbarvanje (4.10).
Pour off the destaining solution and fill the dish with 250 ml staining solution (4.11.3); allow to stain for 45 minutes with gentle shaking.
Odlijte raztopino za razbarvanje in dopolnite posodo z 250 ml raztopine za obarvanje (4.11.3); počakajte 45 minut in z rahlim tresenjem omogočite, da se obarva.
Destaining the gel plate
Razbarvanje gelske plošče
Pour off the staining solution, wash the gel plate twice using a 100 ml destaining solution (4.10) each time, then shake with 200 ml destaining solution for 15 minutes and repeat the destaining step at least two or three times until the background is clear and uncoloured.
Odlijte raztopino za obarvanje, dvakrat sperite gelsko ploščo, pri čemer vsakič uporabite 100 ml raztopine za razbarvanje (4.10), nato 15 minut tresite z 200 ml raztopine za razbarvanje in najmanj dvakrat ali trikrat ponovite korak razbarvanja, dokler ozadje ne postane čisto in brezbarvno.
Then rinse the gel plate with distilled water (2 × 2 minutes) and dry in the air (2 to 3 hours) or with a hairdryer (10 to 15 minutes).
Nato splaknite gelsko ploščo z destilirano vodo (2 × 2 minuti) in sušite na zraku (2 do 3 ure) ali s sušilnikom za lase (10–15 minut).
Note 1: Carry out fixing, washing, staining and destaining at 20 °C.
Opomba 1: Fiksiranje, pomivanje, obarvanje in razbarvanje opravite pri temperaturi 20 °C.
Do not use elevated temperatures.
Ne uporabljajte visokih temperatur.
Note 2: If more sensitive silver staining (e.g. Silver Staining Kit, Protein, Pharmacia Biotech, Code No 17-1150-01) is preferred, plasmin-treated casein samples have to be diluted to 5 mg/ml.
Opomba 2: Če raje uporabljate bolj občutljivo obarvanje s srebrom (npr. oprema za obarvanje s srebrom, protein, Pharmacia Biotech, št. kode 17–1150–01), morate plazminsko obdelane kazeinske vzorce razredčiti do 5 mg/ml.
EVALUATION
OVREDNOTENJE
Evaluation is performed by comparing the protein patterns of the unknown sample with reference standards on the same gel.
Ovrednotenje se izvaja s primerjavo proteinskih vzorcev neznanega vzorca z referenčnimi standardi na istem gelu.
Detection of cows’ milk in cheeses from ewes’ milk, goats’ milk and buffalos’ milk and mixtures of ewes’, goats’ and buffalos’ milk is done via the γ3- and γ2-caseins, whose isoelectric points range between pH 6,5 and pH 7,5 (Figures 4 a, b, Figure 5).
Ugotavljanje kravjega mleka v sirih iz ovčjega, kozjega in bivoljega mleka in mešanic ovčjega, kozjega in bivoljega mleka se izvaja prek γ3- in γ2-kazeinov, katerih izoelektrične točke so v razponu med pH 6,5 in pH 7,5 (slike 4a, 4b, in 5).
The detection limit is less than 0,5 %.
Meja zaznavnosti je manj kot 0,5 %.
Visual estimation
Vizualna ocena
For visual evaluation of the amount of bovine milk it is advisable to adjust the concentrations of samples and standards to obtain the same level of intensity of the ovine, caprine and/or buffalo γ2- and γ3-caseins (see ‘γ2 E,G,B’ and ‘γ3 E,G,B’ in Figures 4 a, b and Figure 5).
Za vizualno ocenitev količine kravjega mleka je priporočljivo, da se koncentracije vzorcev in standardov prilagodijo za pridobitev iste stopnje intenzitete ovčjih, kozjih in/ali bivoljih γ2- in γ3-kazeinov (glej „γ2, E, G, B“ in „γ3, E, G, B“ na slikah 4a, 4b in 5).
After which the amount of bovine milk (less than, equal to or greater than 1 %) in the unknown sample can be judged directly by comparing the intensity of the bovine γ3- and γ2-caseins (see ‘γ3 C’ and ‘γ2 C’ in Figures 4a, b and Figure 5) to those of the 0 % and 1 % reference standards (ewe, goat) or, laboratory interim-standards (buffalo).
Po tem se lahko neposredno presodi količina kravjega mleka (manj kot, enako ali več kot 1 %) v neznanem vzorcu s primerjavo intenzitete kravjih γ3- in γ2-kazeinov (glej „γ3 C“ in „γ2 C“ na slikah 4a, 4b in 5) s tistimi, ki imajo od 0 % in 1 % referenčnih standardov (ovca, koza) ali laboratorijskimi vmesnimi standardi (bivol).
Densitometric estimation
Denzitometrijska ocena
If available, apply densitometry (5.19) for the determination of the peak area ratio of bovine to ovine, caprine and/or buffalo γ2- and γ3-caseins (see Figure 5).
Za določitev razmerja površin pod vrhovi za kravja, ovčja, kozja in/ali bivolja kazeina γ2 in γ3 (glej sliko 5) uporabite denzitometrijo (5.19), če je na voljo.
Compare this value to γ2- and γ3-casein peak area ratio of the 1 % reference standard (ewe, goat) or laboratory interim-standard (buffalo) analysed on the same gel.
Primerjajte to vrednost z razmerjem površin pod vrhovi γ2- in γ3-kazeinov 1-odstotnega referenčnega standarda (ovca, koza) ali laboratorijskega vmesnega standarda (bivol), analiziranega na istem gelu.
Note: The method is operating satisfactorily, if there is a clear positive signal for both bovine γ2- and γ3-caseins in the 1 % reference standard but not in the 0 % reference standard.
Opomba: Metoda deluje zadovoljivo, če se pokaže jasen pozitiven znak za goveja kazeina γ2 in γ3 v 1-odstotnem referenčnem standardu, vendar ne v 0-odstotnem referenčnem standardu.
If not, optimize the procedure following the details of the method precisely.
V nasprotnem primeru optimizirajte postopek tako, da natančno sledite podrobnostim metode.
A sample is judged as being positive, if both bovine γ2- and γ3-caseins or the corresponding peak area ratios are equal to or greater than the level of the 1 % reference standard.
Vzorec je ocenjen pozitivno, če sta oba goveja kazeina γ2 in γ3 ali ustrezajoče razmerje površin pod vrhovi enako ali večje, kot je stopnja 1-odstotnega referenčnega standarda.
Krause I., Berner I, Klostermeyer H.: Sensitive detection of cow milk in ewe and goat milk and cheese by carrier ampholyte — and carrier ampholyte/immobilized pH gradient — isoelectric focusing of γ-caseins using plasmin as signal amplifier. in: Electrophoresis-Forum 89 (B. J. Radola, ed.) pp 389-393, Bode-Verlag, München (1989).
Krause I., Berner I. in Klostermeyer H., „Sensitive detection of cow milk in ewe and goat milk and cheese by carrier ampholyte – and carrier ampholyte/immobilized pH gradient – isoelectric focusing of γ-caseins using plasmin as signal amplifier“, v: Electrophoresis-Forum 89 (B. J. Radola, ur.), Bode-Verlag, München, 1989, str. 389–393.
Krause Ι., Belitz H.-D., Kaiser K.-P.: Nachweis von Kuhmilch in Schaf and Ziegenmilch bzw.
Krause Ι., Belitz H.–D. in Kaiser K.–P., „Nachweis von Kuhmilch in Schaf and Ziegenmilch bzw.
Schematic drawing of the covering sheet
Shematska risba pokrivne folije
Spacer tape
Lepilni trak na distančniku
Polyester sheet
Poliestrska folija
Casein layer floating between aqueous and organic phases after centrifugation
Kazeinska plast, ki po centrifugiranju plava med vodno in organsko fazo
H2O-Phase
Faza H2O
Flapping technique for casting of ultrathin polyacrylamide gels
Poklopna tehnika za ulivanje zelo tankih poliakrilamidnih gelov
a = spacer tape (0,25 mm); b = covering sheet (5.3); c, e = glass plates (5.1); d = gel solution (4.1.2); f = gel carrier sheet (5.2)
a = lepilni trak na distančniku (0,25 mm); b = pokrivna folija (5.3); c, e = stekleni plošči (5.1); d = gelska raztopina (4.1.2); f = nosilna folija gela
Figure 4a
Slika 4a
Isoelectric focusing of plasmin-treated caseins from ewes’ and goats’ milk cheese containing different amounts of cows’ milk.
Izoelektrično fokusiranje plazminsko obdelanih kazeinov iz ovčjega in kozjega sira, ki vsebuje različne količine kravjega mleka
% CM = percentage of cows’ milk, C = cow, E = ewe, G = goat
% CM = odstotek kravjega mleka, C = krava, E = ovca, G = koza
Upper half of the IEF gel is shown.
Prikazan je zgornji del gela izoelektričnega fokusiranja (IEF)
Figure 4b
Slika 4b
Isoelectric focusing of plasmin treated caseins from cheese made from mixtures of ewes’, goats’ and buffalos’ milk containing different amounts of cows’ milk.
Izoelektrično fokusiranje plazminsko obdelanih kazeinov iz sira, narejenega iz mešanic ovčjega, kozjega in bivoljega mleka z vsebnostjo različnih količin kravjega mleka
% CM = percentage of cows’ milk; 1 + = sample containing 1 % of cows’ milk and spiked with pure bovine casein at the middle of the track.
% CM = odstotek kravjega mleka; 1+ = vzorec vsebuje 1 % kravjega mleka, v sredini sledi pa ima dodano kapljico čistega govejega kazeina.
C = cow, E = ewe, G = goat, B = buffalo.
C = krava, E = ovca, G = koza, B = bivol
Total separation distance of the IEF gel is shown.
Prikazana je skupna razdalja separacije za gel IEF.
Superposition of densitograms of standards (STD) and cheese samples made from a mixture of ewes’ and goats’ milk after isoelectric focusing
Superpozicija denzitogramov standardnih vzorcev (SDT) in vzorcev sira, narejenega iz mešanice ovčjega, kozjega in bivoljega mleka po izometričnem fokusiranju
a,b = standards containing 0 and 1 % of cows’ milk; c-g = cheese samples containing 0, 1, 2, 3 and 7 % of cows’ milk.
a, b = standardi, ki vsebujejo 0 % in 1 % kravjega mleka; c–g = vzorci sirov, ki vsebujejo 0, 1, 2, 3 in 7 % kravjega mleka.
C = cow, E = ewe, G = goat.
C = krava, E = ovca, G = koza.
Upper half of the IEF gel was scanned at λ = 634 nm.
Zgornja polovica gela IEF je bila obdelana pri λ = 634 nm.
The produce Ampholine® pH 3,5-9,5 (Pharmacia) and Resolyte® pH 5-7 and pH 6-8 (BDH, Merck) have proved particularly suitable for obtaining the required separation of γ-caseins.
Izdelka Ampholine® pH 3,5–9,5 (Pharmacia) in Resolyte® pH 5–7 in pH 6–8 (BDH, Merck) sta se pokazala kot posebno primerna za pridobitev potrebnih ločitev γ–kazeinov.
Sample application: After pre-focusing (step 1), pipette 18 μl of the sample and standard solutions onto the sample applicators (10 × 5 mm), place them on the gel at 1 mm intervals from each other and 5 mm longitudinally from the anode and press lightly.
Nanašanje vzorca: po predhodnem fokusiranju (korak 1) s pipeto nakapajte 18 µl vzorca in standardne raztopine na trakove za nanos vzorca (10 × 5 mm), jih položite na gel v razmiku 1 mm drug od drugega in 5 mm podolžno od anode ter rahlo pritisnite.
Carry out focusing using the above conditions, carefully removing the sample applicators after the 60 minutes of sample focusing.
Fokusiranje opravite pod navedenimi pogoji, po 60-minutnem fokusiranju vzorca previdno odstranite trakove za nanos vzorca.
(Article 7)
(Člen 7)
REFERENCE METHOD FOR DETECTING COLIFORMS IN BUTTER, SKIMMED-MILK POWDER, CASEIN AND CASEINATES
REFERENČNA METODA ZA UGOTAVLJANJE KOLIFORMNIH BAKTERIJ V MASLU, POSNETEM MLEKU V PRAHU, KAZEINU IN KAZEINATIH
PREPARATION OF SAMPLES
PRIPRAVA VZORCEV
ISO standard 8261
Standard ISO 8261
ISO standard 4831
Standard ISO 4831
Samples corresponding to 1 g of butter or 0,1 g of skimmed-milk powder or casein/caseinates are inoculated in the culture medium.
Vzorci, ki ustrezajo 1 g masla ali 0,1 g posnetega mleka v prahu ali kazeina/kazeinatov, se vcepijo v gojišče.
Three tubes are inoculated per sample.
Vzorec se vcepi v tri epruvete.
If the 3 tubes produce 3 negative results, the result is ‘compliant’
Če tri epruvete pokažejo tri negativne rezultate, je rezultat „skladen“.
If the 3 tubes produce 2 or 3 positive results, the result is ‘non-compliant’
Če tri epruvete pokažejo dva ali tri pozitivne rezultate, rezultat „ni skladen“.
If the 3 tubes produce 2 negative results, the analysis is redone twice (with two tubes)
Če tri epruvete pokažejo dva negativna rezultata, se analiza ponovi dvakrat (z dvema epruvetama).
If the 2 results are negative, the result is ‘compliant’
Če sta dva rezultata negativna, je rezultat „skladen“.
If at least 1 result is positive, the result is ‘non-compliant’.
Če je najmanj en rezultat pozitiven, rezultat „ni skladen“.
(Article 8)
(Člen 8)
DETERMINATION OF LACTOSE IN COMPOUND FEEDINGSTUFFS
DOLOČANJE LAKTOZE V KRMNIH MEŠANICAH
Determination of lactose in compound feedingstuffs.
Določanje laktoze v krmnih mešanicah.
The content of lactose is defined as the percentage by mass as determined by the procedure described.
Vsebnost laktoze je opredeljena kot masni odstotek, ki se določi z opisanim postopkom.
The anhydrous lactose content is expressed as g per 100 g.
Vsebnost anhidridne laktoze se izrazi v gramih na 100 g.
The compound feedingstuff is reconstituted with water.
Krmni mešanici se doda voda.
A ‘Biggs’ solution is added to a dilute weighed aliquot to precipitate out the fat and the protein component fractions of the compound feedingstuff.
V razredčen stehtan alikvot se doda „Biggsova“ raztopina, da se izločijo maščoba in frakcije beljakovinskih delcev krmne mešanice.
The sample is filtered (or centrifuged) and the filtrate (or supernatant) is injected on a cation exchange HPLC column in the lead form using HPLC grade water as the mobile phase.
V mobilni fazi se vzorec filtrira (ali centrifugira), filtrat (ali supernatant) pa se vbrizga v kolono HPLC za izmenjavo kationov svinca, pri čemer se uporabi voda, primerna za HPLC.
The eluted lactose is detected by a differential refractometer.
Eluirano laktozo zazna diferencialni refraktometer.5.
Use only reagents of recognized analytical grade, unless otherwise specified, and degassed HPLC grade water.
Če ni drugače določeno, uporabljajte le reagente priznane analitske čistosti ter vodo, primerno za HPLC, brez plinov.
D-Lactose monohydrate ((C12H22)O11H2O) can take up additional moisture.
D-laktoza monohidrat ((C12H22)O11. H2O) lahko absorbira dodatno vlago.
Before use measure the real amount of water by Karl-Fisher or remove the additional moisture by placing lactose in an oven at 105 °C for 8 hours (the lactose does not lose its crystal water by this treatment).
Pred uporabo izmerite dejansko količino vode po metodi Karl-Fisher ali odstranite dodatno vlago tako, da laktozo za 8 ur postavite v sušilnik na 105 °C (laktoza s tem postopkom ne izgubi kristalne vode).
Concentrated Biggs/Szijarto solution
Koncentrirana Biggs/Szijartova raztopina
Dissolve 9,10 g zinc acetate ehydrate (Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O) and 5,46 g phosphotungstic acid monohydrate (H3[P(W3O10)4.xH2O]) in about 70 ml with HPLC grade water (6.8) in a 100 ml volumetric flask.
Raztopite 9,10 g cinkovega acetata dihidrata (Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O) in 5,46 g fosfovolframove kisline monohidrat (H3[P(W3O10)4.xH2O]) v približno 70 ml vode, primerne za HPLC (6.8), v 100-mililitrski merilni bučki.
Add 5,81 ml glacial acetic acid (CH3COOH).
Dodajte 5,81 ml ledocetne kisline (CH3COOH).
Dilute to the 100 ml mark with HPLC grade water (6.8) water and mix.
Do oznake 100 ml razredčite z vodo, primerno za HPLC (6.8), ter zmešajte.
The solution can be stored at room temperature for 1 year.
Raztopina se lahko hrani pri sobni temperaturi eno leto.
Diluted Biggs/Szijarto solution
Razredčena Biggs/Szijartova raztopina
Dilute 25 ml concentrated Biggs/Szijarto solution (5.3) with water to 500 ml using a volumetric flask.
V merilni bučki z vodo razredčite 25 ml koncentrirane Biggs/Szijartove raztopine (5.3) na 500 ml.
The solution can be stored at room temperature for 1 month.
Raztopina se lahko hrani pri sobni temperaturi en mesec.
Preparation of HPLC grade water
Priprava vode, primerne za HPLC
Filter the ultra pure water (6.8) by using the vacuum system filtration (6.9).
Ultra čisto vodo (6.8) filtrirajte z uporabo vakuumskega sistema (6.9).