natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
After centrifuging, the supernatant is decanted (this procedure is repeated three times).
Po centrifugiranju se supernatant odlije (ta postopek se trikrat ponovi).
A small amount of the sludge is weighed and dried.
Majhna količina blata se stehta in posuši.
From this result, the amount of wet sludge can be calculated which must be suspended in water in order to obtain an activated sludge with a mixed liquor suspended solids range between 2 and 4 g/litre.
Na podlagi tega je mogoče izračunati količino mokrega blata, ki ga je treba suspendirati v vodi, da bi dobili aktivno blato z razponom suspendiranih trdnih snovi v suspenziji aktivnega blata od 2 do 4 g/liter.
This level gives a concentration between 0,8 and 1,6 g/litre in the test medium if the procedure recommended below is followed.
Če se upošteva spodaj priporočeni postopek, ta količina v preskusnem gojišču ustvari koncentracijo med 0,8 in 1,6 g/liter.
If the sludge cannot be used on the day of collection, 50 ml of synthetic sewage is added to each litre of the activated sludge prepared as described above; this is then aerated overnight at 20 ± 2 oC.
Če blata ni mogoče uporabiti na dan zbiranja, se 50 ml sintetičnih odplak doda vsakemu litru aktivnega blata, pripravljenega, kot je opisano zgoraj; ta se nato čez noč zrači pri 20 ± 2 oC.
It is then kept aerated for use during the day.
Zrači se še naprej za uporabo v teku dneva.
Before use the pH is checked and adjusted, if necessary, to pH 6 to 8.
Pred uporabo se po potrebi preveri in prilagodi pH na 6 do 8.
The mixed liquor suspended solids should be determined as described in the preceding paragraph.
V suspenziji aktivnega blata suspendirane trdne snovi je treba določiti, kot je opisano v prejšnjem odstavku.
If the same batch of sludge is required to be used on subsequent days (maximum four days), a further 50 ml of synthetic sewage feed is added per litre of sludge at the end of each working day.
Če je treba v naslednjih dneh uporabiti isto serijo blata (maksimalno štiri dni), se na koncu vsakega delovnega dne v liter blata doda 50 ml hranil iz sintetičnih odplak.
Duration/contact time:
Trajanje/kontaktni čas:
Air flow 0,5 to 1 litre/minute
Pretok zraka 0,5 do 1 liter/minuto
Measuring apparatus:
Merilne naprave:
Flat bottom flask such as a BOD-flask
Bučka z ravnim dnom, kot je BPK bučka
Oxygen meter:
Merilnik kisika:
Suitable oxygen electrode, with a recorder
Ustrezna kisikova elektroda z rekorderjem
Nutrient solution:
Hranilna raztopina:
Synthetic sewage (see above)
Sintetične odplake (glej zgoraj)
The test solution is freshly prepared at the start of the test
Sveže pripravljena preskusna snov na začetku preskusa
Reference substance:
Referenčna snov:
e.g. 3,5-dichlorophenol (at least three concentrations)
Npr. 3,5-diklorofenol (najmanj tri koncentracije)
Controls:
Kontrole:
Inoculated sample without test substance
Inokulirani vzorec brez preskusne snovi
A suggested experimental procedure which may be followed for both the test and reference substance for the three-hour contact period is given below:
Predlagani preskusni postopek, ki ga je v triurnem kontaktnem obdobju mogoče upoštevati v primeru preskusne in referenčne snovi, je opisan spodaj:
Several vessels (e.g. one-litre beakers) are used.
Uporabi se več posod (npr. čaše s prostornino 1 litra).
At least five concentrations, spaced by a constant factor preferably not exceeding 3,2, should be used.
Uporabiti je treba najmanj pet koncentracij, ki se med seboj razlikujejo za stalen faktor, ki po možnosti ne presega 3,2.
At time ‘0’, 16 ml of the synthetic sewage feed are made up to 300 ml with water.
V času „0“ se iz 16 ml hranil iz sintetičnih odplak z vodo naredi 300 ml mešanice.
200 ml of microbial inoculum are added and the total mixture (500 ml) poured into a first vessel (first control C1).
Doda se 200 ml mikrobnega inokuluma, celotna mešanica (500 ml) se nato zlije v prvo posodo (prva kontrola C1).
The test vessels should be aerated continuously such as to ensure that the dissolved O2 does not fall below 2,5 mg/litre and that, immediately before the measurement of the respiration rate, the O2 concentration is about 6,5 mg/litre.
Preskusne posode je treba stalno prezračevati da se zagotovi, da raztopljeni O2 ne pade pod 2,5 mg/liter in da tik pred merjenjem stopnje respiracije koncentracija O2 znaša približno 6,5 mg/liter.
At time ‘15 minutes’ (15 minutes is an arbitrary, but convenient, interval) the above is repeated, except that 100 ml of the test substance stock solution are added to the 16 ml of synthetic sewage before adding water to 300 ml and microbial inoculum to make a volume of 500 ml.
V času „15 minut“ (gre za poljuben, vendar primeren 15 minutni časovni presledek) se zgornji postopek ponovi, razen da se 100 ml osnovne raztopine preskusne snovi doda 16 ml sintetičnih odplak, še preden se doda vodo, da se dobi količina 300 ml, in mikrobni inokulum, da se dobi količina 500 ml.
This mixture is then poured into a second vessel and aerated as above.
Ta mešanica se nato izlije v drugo posodo in zrači, kot je opisano zgoraj.
This process is repeated at 15-minute intervals with different volumes of the test substance stock solution to give a series of vessels containing different concentrations of the test substance.
Ta proces se ponovi v 15 minutnih intervalih z različnimi količinami osnovne raztopine preskusne snovi, da se dobi niz posod, ki vsebujejo različne koncentracije preskusne snovi.
Finally, a second control is prepared (C2).
Na koncu se pripravi še druga kontrola (C2).
After three hours the pH is recorded, and a well-mixed sample of the contents of the first vessel is poured into the measuring apparatus and the respiration rate is measured over a period of up to 10 minutes.
Po treh urah se zabeleži pH, dobro premešani vzorec vsebine prve posode pa se pretoči v merilno napravo ter se v naslednjih 10 minutah meri stopnjo respiracije.
This determination is repeated on the contents of each vessel at 15-minute intervals, in such a way that the contact time in each vessel is three hours.
Ta določitev se opravi na vsebini vsake posode v 15 minutnih časovnih presledkih, tako da je kontaktni čas v vsaki posodi tri ure.
The reference substance is tested on each batch of microbial inoculum in the same way.
Referenčna snov se preskuša na enak način na vsaki seriji mikrobnega inokuluma.
A different regime (e.g. more than one oxygen meter) will be necessary when measurements are to be made after 30 minutes of contact.
Kadar je treba meritve opraviti po 30 minutah kontakta, je potreben drugačen pristop (npr. več kot en merilec kisika).
If measurement of the chemical oxygen consumption is required, further vessels are prepared containing test substance, synthetic sewage feed and water, but no activated sludge.
Če se zahteva merjenje kemijske porabe kisika, se pripravijo dodatne posode s preskusno snovjo, hranili iz sintetičnih odplak in vodo, vendar brez aktivnega blata.
Oxygen consumption is measured and recorded after an aeration time of 30 minutes and/or three hours (contact time).
Poraba kisika se izmeri in zabeleži po 30 minutnem času prezračevanja in/ali treh urah (kontaktni čas).
The respiration rate is calculated from the recorder trace between approximately 6,5 mg O2/litre and 2,5 mg O2/litre, or over a 10-minute period when the respiration rate is low.
Stopnja respiracije se izračuna na podlagi izsledkov rekorderja med približno 6,5 mg O2/liter in 2,5 mg O2/liter, ali v obdobju 10 minut v primeru nizke stopnje respiracije.
The portion of the respiration curve over which the respiration rate is measured should be linear.
Predel respiracijske krivulje, na kateri se meri stopnja respiracije, mora biti linearen.
If the respiration rates of the two controls are not within 15 % of each other, or the EC50 (30 minutes and/or three hours) of the reference substance is not in the accepted range (5 to 30 mg/litre for 3,5-dichlorophenol), the test is invalid and must be repeated.
Če se stopnji respiracije v dveh kontrolah razlikujeta za več kot 15 %, ali pa EC50 (30 minut in/ali tri ure) referenčne snovi ni v sprejemljivem razponu (5 do 30 mg/liter za 3,5-diklorofenol), je preskus neveljaven in se mora ponoviti.
The per - cent inhibition is calculated at each test concentration (see 1.2).
Odstotek zaviranja se izračuna pri vsaki preskusni koncentraciji (glej 1.2).
The per - cent inhibition is plotted against concentration on log-normal (or log-probability) paper, and an EC50 value derived.
Odstotek zaviranja se prikaže v odvisnosti od koncentracije na log-normalnem (ali log-verjetnost) grafu, in izpelje se vrednost EC50.
95 % confidence limits for the EC50 values can be determined using standard procedures.
Z uporabo standardnih postopkov je mogoče določiti 95 % meje zaupanja za vrednosti EC50.
test system: source, concentration and any pre-treatment of the activated sludge,
preskusni sistem: vir, koncentracija in vsako predhodno obdelovanje aktivnega blata,
pH of the reaction mixture before the respiration measurement,
pH reakcijske mešanice pred merjenjem respiracije,
test duration,
trajanje preskusa,
reference substance and its measured EC50,
referenčna snov in nj ena izmerj ena vrednost EC50,
abiotic oxygen uptake (if any).
abiotski sprejem kisika (če obstaja).
all measured data,
vsi izmerjeni podatki,
inhibition curve and method for calculation of EC50,
krivulj a zaviranj a in metoda za izračun EC50,
and, if possible, 95 % confidence limits, EC20 and EC80,
in če je možno, 95 % meje zaupanja, EC20 in EC80,
all observations and any deviations from this test method which could have influenced the result.
vsa opažanja in vse deviacije od te preskusne metode, ki bi lahko vplivali na rezultat.
The EC50 value should be regarded merely as a guide to the likely toxicity of the test substance either to activated sludge sewage treatment or to waste-water microorganisms, since the complex interactions occurring in the environment cannot be accurately simulated in a laboratory test.
vrednost je treba upoštevati le kot smernico za možno strupenost preskusne snovi za aktivno blato, ki se uporablja za obdelovanje odplak ali mikroorganizme v odpadnih vodah, saj zapletenih interakcij, ki se pojavljajo v okolju, ni mogoče natančno simulirati z laboratorijskim preskusom.
In addition, test substances which may have an inhibitory effect on ammonia oxidation may also produce atypical inhibition curves.
Poleg tega lahko preskusne snovi, ki lahko zaviralno učinkujejo na oksidacijo amoniaka, povzročijo atipične krivulje zaviranja.
Accordingly, such curves should be interpreted with caution.
Glede na to je s tem je pri razlagi takšnih krivulj potrebna previdnost.
Broecker, B., Zahn, R., Water Research 11,1977, p. 165.
Broecker, B., Zahn, R., Water Research 11, 1977, str. 165.
Brown, D., Hitz, H. R., Schaefer, L., Chemosphere 10, 1981, p. 245.
Brown, D., Hitz, H. R., Schaefer, L., Chemosphere 10, 1981, str. 245.
ETAD (Ecological and Tox.icological Association of Dyestuffs Manufacturing Industries), Recommended Method No 103, also described by:
ETAD (Ecological and Toxicological Association of Dreyfuss Manufacturing Industries), Recommended Method No. 103, prav tako opisano v:
Robra, B., Wasserl Abwasser 117, 1976, p. 80.
Robra, B., Wasserl Abwasser 117, 1976, str. 80.
Schefer, W., Textilveredlung 6,1977, p. 247.
Schefer, W., Textilveredlung 6, 1977, str. 247.
OECD, Paris, 1981, Test Guideline 209, Decision of the Council C(84) 30 final.
OECD, Pariz, 1981, Test Guideline 209, Decision of the Council C(84) 30 final.
MODIFIED SCAS TEST
SPREMENJENI SCAS PRESKUS
The purpose of the method is the evaluation of the potential ultimate biodegradability of water-soluble, non-volatile organic substances when exposed to relatively high concentrations of micro-organisms over a long time period.
Namen te metode je ocena potencialne skrajne biorazgradljivosti vodotopnih, nehlapnih organskih snovi, ki so za daljši čas izpostavljene relativno visokim koncentracijam mikroorganizmov.
The viability of the microorganisms is maintained over this period by daily addition of a settled sewage feed.
Sposobnost preživetja mikroorganizmov se v tem obdobju ohranja z dnevnim dodajanjem hranil iz posedenih odplak.
(For weekend requirements, the sewage may be stored at 4 oC.
(Med vikendi je treba odplake shraniti na 4 oC.
Alternatively, the synthetic sewage of the OECD confirmatory test may be used.)
Lahko pa se uporabi sintetične odplake potrditvenega preskusa OECD.)
Because of the long detention period of the liquid phase (36 hours), and the intermittent addition of nutrients, the test does not simulate those conditions experienced in a sewage treatment plant.
Zaradi dolgega obdobja zadrževanja tekoče faze (36 ur) in vmesnega dodajanja hranil, preskus ne simulira pogojev, ki so prisotni v čistilnih napravah.
The results obtained with various test substances indicate that the test has a high biodegradation potential.
Pridobljeni rezultati z različnimi preskusnimi snovmi kažejo, da ima preskus visok potencial biorazgradnje.
The conditions provided by the test are highly favourable to the selection and/or adaptation of micro-organisms capable of degrading the test compound.
Preskusni pogoji, so zelo ugodni za izbor in/ali prilagoditev mikroorganizmov, ki lahko razgradijo preskusno spojino.
(The procedure may also be used to produce acclimatised inocula for use in other tests.)
(Ta postopek je mogoče uporabiti tudi za pridobitev aklimatiziranih inokulumov za uporabo v drugih preskusih.)
In this method, the measure of the concentration of dissolved organic carbon is used to assess the ultimate biodegradability of the test substances.
Pri tej metodi se merilo koncentracije raztopljenega organskega ogljika uporablja za oceno skrajne biorazgradljivosti preskusnih snovi.
It is preferable to determine DOC after acidification and purging rather than as the difference of Ctotal-Cinorganic.
Zaželena je določitev DOC po zakisanju in čiščenju, in ne kot razliko med Cskupni – Canorganski.
The simultaneous use of a specific analytical method may allow the assessment of the primary degradation of the substance (disappearance of the parent chemical structure).
Istočasna uporaba specifične analitske metode lahko omogoči oceno primarne razgradnje snovi (izginotje matične kemijske strukture).
are soluble in water (at least 20 mg dissolved organic carbon/litre),
topne v vodi (najmanj 20 mg raztopljenega organskega ogljika/liter),
have negligible vapour pressure,
imajo zanemarljiv parni tlak,
do not significantly adsorb within the test system,
se bistveno ne adsorbirajo v preskusnem sistemu,
The organic carbon content of the test material must be established.
Določiti je treba vsebnost organskega ogljika v preskusnem materialu.
Information on the toxicity to microorganisms of the substance may be useful to the interpretation of low results and in the selection of an appropriate test concentration.
Podatki o strupenosti snovi za mikroorganizme so lahko uporabni pri razlagi nizkih rezultatov in pri izbiri ustreznih preskusnih koncentracij.
concentration of test compound as organic carbon as present in or added to the settled sewage at the start of the aeration period (mg/litre),
koncentracija preskusne spojine v obliki organskega ogljika, kot je prisotna ali dodana usedenim odplakam na začetku obdobja prezračevanja (mg/liter),
concentration of dissolved organic carbon found in the supernatant liquor of the test at the end of the aeration period (mg/litre),
koncentracija raztopljenega organskega ogljika, ugotovljenega v supernatantu v preskusni tekočini na koncu obdobja prezračevanja (mg/liter),
concentration of dissolved organic carbon found in the supernatant liquor of the control at the end of the aeration period (mg/litre).
koncentracija raztopljenega organskega ogljika, odkritega v supernatantu kontrole na koncu obdobja prezračevanja (mg/liter).
The biodegradation is defined in this method as the disappearance of the organic carbon.
Biorazgradnja je v tej metodi opredeljena kot izginotje organskega ogljika.
The biodegradation can be expressed as:
Biorazgradnja se lahko prikaže z:
The percentage removal Dda of the amount of substance added daily:
Odstotkom odstranitve Dda količine dnevno dodane snovi:
degradation/daily addition.
razgradnja/dnevno dodajanje.
The percentage removal Dssd of the amount of substance present at the start of each day:
Odstotek odstranitve Dssd količine snovi, prisotne na začetku vsakega dne:
degradation/substance start of day;
razgradnja/snov na začetku dneva,
the indices i and (i + 1) refer to the day of measurement.
indeksa i in (i + 1) veljata za dan meritve.
Equation 2(a) is recommended if effluent DOC varies from day to day, while equation 2(b) may be used when effluent DOC remains relatively constant from day to day.
Enačba 2(a) je priporočljiva, če se DOC iztoka razlikuje iz dneva v dan, medtem ko se enačbo 2(b) lahko uporabi, kadar iztok DOC ostaja iz dneva v dan relativno konstanten.
In some cases, when investigating a new substance, reference substances may be useful; however, no specific reference substance is recommended here.
V nekaterih primerih, kadar se preiskuje nova snov, so referenčne snovi lahko uporabne; vendar pa specifične referenčne snovi tukaj niso priporočene.
Data on several compounds evaluated in ring tests are provided (see Appendix 1) primarily so that calibration of the method may be performed from time to time and to permit comparison of results when another method is employed.
Zagotovljeni so podatki o nekaj spojinah, ocenjenih s krožnimi testi (glej Dodatek 1), predvsem zaradi tega, da se lahko od časa do časa izvede umerjanje metode in da se omogoči primerjava rezultatov pri uporabi kakšne druge metode.
Activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant is placed in a semi-continuous activated sludge (SCAS) unit.
Aktivno blato iz čistilne naprave se prenese v polkontinuirano enoto aktivnega blata („semi-continuous activated sludge“ – SCAS).
The sludge remaining in the aeration chamber is then mixed with a further aliquot of test compound and sewage and the cycle is repeated.
Blato, ki ostane v prezračevalnih komorah, se potem premeša z dodatnim alikvotom preskusne spojine in odplak in cikel se ponovi.
Biodegradation is established by determination of the dissolved organic carbon content of the supernatant liquor.
Biorazgradnja se ugotovi z določitvijo vsebnosti raztopljenega organskega ogljika v supernatantu.
This value is compared with that found for the liquor obtained from a control tube dosed with settled sewage only.
Ta vrednost se primerja z vrednostjo, dobljeno v supernatantu, dobljenem iz kontrole, dozirane samo s usedenimi odplakami.
The reproducibility of this method based on removal of dissolved organic carbon has not yet been established.
Ponovljivost te metode, utemeljena na podlagi odstranitve raztopljenega organskega ogljika, še ni bilo določena.
(When primary biodegradation is considered, very precise data are obtained for materials that are extensively degraded).
(Kadar naj bi šlo za primarno biorazgradnja, se zelo natančni podatki dobijo iz materialov, ki so znatno razgrajeni.)
The sensitivity of the method is largely determined by the variability of the blank and to a lesser extent by the precision of the determination of dissolved organic carbon and the level of test compound in the liquor at the start of each cycle.
Občutljivost metode se na splošno določi s spremenljivostjo negativne kontrole in, v manjši meri, z natančnostjo določitve raztopljenega organskega ogljika in stopnjo preskusne spojine v raztopini na začetku vsakega cikla.
A sufficient number of clean aeration units, alternatively, the original 1,5 litre SCAS test unit may be used, and air inlet tubes (Figure 1) for each test substance and controls are assembled.
Uporabi se lahko zadostno število čistih prezračevalnih enot ali pa originalna 1,5 litrska preskusna enota SCAS s cevmi za dovod zraka (Slika 1) za vsako preskusno snov in kontrole.
Compressed air supplied to the test units, cleaned by a cotton wool strainer, should be free of organic carbon and pre-saturated with water to reduce evaporation losses.
Stisnjeni zrak, ki se dovaja v preskusne enote prečiščen skozi bombažni filter, ne sme vsebovati organskega ogljika ali biti predhodno nasičen z vodo, da bi se zmanjšale izgube zaradi izhlapevanja.
A sample of mixed liquor, containing 1 to 4 g suspended solids/litre, is obtained from an activated sludge plant treating predominantly domestic sewage.
Vzorec premešane suspenzije aktivnega blata, ki vsebuje 1 do 4 g suspendiranih trdnih snovi/liter, se dobi iz čistilni napravi z aktivnim blatom, ki pretežno čistijo gospodinjske odplake.
Approximately 150 ml of the mixed liquor are required for each aeration unit.
Za vsako prezračevalno enoto se zahteva približno 150 ml suspenzije aktivnega blata.
Stock solutions of the test substance are prepared in distilled water; the concentration normally required is 400 mg/litre as organic carbon which gives a test compound concentration of 20 mg/litre carbon at the start of each aeration cycle if no biodegradation is occurring.
Osnovne raztopine preskusne snovi se pripravijo v destilirani vodi; običajno zahtevana koncentracija je 400 mg/liter organskega ogljika, s čimer dobimo koncentracijo preskusne spojine v višini 20 mg/liter ogljika na začetku vsakega prezračevalnega cikla, v kolikor ne pride do biorazgradnje.
Higher concentrations are allowed if the toxicity to microorganisms permits it.
Višje koncentracije so dovoljene, če to strupenost za mikroorganizmov omogoča.
The organic carbon content of the stock solutions is measured.
Izmeri se vsebnost organskega ogljika v osnovnih raztopinah.
The test should be performed at 20 to 25 oC.
Preskus je treba opraviti pri 20 do 25 oC.
Thereafter, the sludge respires endogenously for the remainder of the aeration period, during which time the only available substrate is the test compound unless this is also readily metabolised.
Potem blato endogeno diha v preostalem obdobju prezračevanja, v katerem je edini razpoložljivi substrat preskusna spojina, razen če tudi ta ni že metabolizirana.
These features, combined with daily re-inoculation of the test when domestic sewage is used as the medium, provide highly favourable conditions for both acclimatisation and high degress of biodegradation.
Te lastnosti skupaj z vsakodnevno ponovno inokulacijo preskusa, kadar se kot gojišče uporablja gospodinjske odplake, ustvarjajo izredno ugodne pogoje tako za prilagoditev kot tudi visoke stopnje biorazgradnje.
A sample of mixed liquor from a suitable predominantly domestic activated sludge plant or laboratory unit is obtained and kept aerobic until used in the laboratory.
Vzame se vzorec suspenzije aktivnega blata iz čistilne naprave z aktivnim blatom za gospodinjske odplake ali pa se zame laboratorijske enote in se jih ohranja v aerobnem stanju, dokler se jih ne uporabi v laboratoriju.
Each aeration unit as well as the control unit are filled with 150 ml of mixed liquor (if the original SCAS test unit is used, multiply the given volumes by 10) and the aeration is started.
Vsaka prezračevalna enota, kakor tudi kontrolna enota, se napolni s 150 ml suspenzije aktivnega blata (če se uporablja originalna preskusna enota SCAS, se dana količina pomnoži z 10) in prične se prezračevanje.
After 23 hours, aeration is stopped and the sludge is allowed to settle for 45 minutes.
Po 23 urah se prezračevanje ustavi in blato se pusti, da se 45 minut useda.
The tap of each vessel is opened in turn, and 100 ml portions of the supernatant liquor are withdrawn.
V tem času se odpre zamašek na vsaki posodi in se odvzame 100 ml supernatanta.
A sample of settled domestic sewage is obtained immediately before use, and 100 ml are added to the sludge remaining in each aeration unit.
Tik pred uporabo se vzame vzorec usedenih gospodinjskih odplak, 100 ml pa se doda blatu, ki ostane v vsaki prezračevalni enoti.
Aeration is started anew.
Še enkrat se prične prezračevanje.
At this stage no test materials are added, and the units are fed daily with domestic sewage only until a clear supernatant liquor is obtained on settling.
V tej fazi se ne dodajajo nikakršni preskusni materiali, enote pa se vsak dan napolnijo z gospodinjskimi odplakami, dokler se pri usedanju ne dobi čisti supernatant.