natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
If the chemical structure of the gas indicates that it would be non-flammable and the composition of the stoichiometric mixture with air can be calculated, then only mixtures in the range from 10 % less than the stoichiometric composition to 10 % greater than this composition need be tested in 1 % steps.
Če kemijska struktura plina kaže, da bi bil lahko nevnetljiv, in se lahko izračuna sestava stehiometrične zmesi z zrakom, je treba preskusiti le zmesi v območju od 10 % pod do 10 % nad stehiometrično sestavo, v intervalih po 1 %.
The occurrence of flame propagation is the only relevant information data for the determination of this property.
Pojav širjenja plamena je edini relevantni podatek za določitev te lastnosti.
a description, with dimensions, of the apparatus used,
opis uporabljene aparature skupaj z dimenzijami,
the temperature at which the test was performed,
temperatura, pri kateri je bil opravljen preskus,
the tested concentrations and the results obtained,
preskušene koncentracije in dobljeni rezultati,
the result of the test: non-flammable gas or highly flammable gas,
rezultat preskusa: nevnetljiv plin ali lahko vnetljiv plin,
if it is concluded that the gas is non-flammable then the concentration range over which it was tested in 1 % steps should be stated,
če se ugotovi, da je plin nevnetljiv, je treba navesti območje koncentracij, v katerem je bil preskušen v intervalih po 1 %,
all information and remarks relevant to the interpretation of results have to be reported.
vse informacije in opombe, pomembne za razlago rezultatov.
, T. Redeker und H. Schacke, p. 126-127.
Wortmann, T. Redeker und H. Schacke. 'Entwicklung
This test method can be used to determine whether the reaction of a substance with water or damp air leads to the development of dangerous amounts of gas or gases which may be highly flammable.
Ta preskusna metoda se lahko uporablja za ugotavljanje, ali se zaradi reakcije snovi ob stiku z vodo ali vlažnim zrakom razvije nevarna količina plina ali plinov, ki so morda lahko vnetljivi.
The test method can be applied to both solid and liquid substances.
Preskusna metoda se lahko uporablja za trdne in tekoče snovi.
This method is not applicable to substances which spontaneously ignite when in contact with air.
Ta metoda ni primerna za snovi, ki se v stiku z zrakom spontano vnamejo.
Highly flammable: substances which, in contact with water or damp air, evolve highly flammable gases in dangerous quantities at a minimum rate of 1 litre/kg per hour.
Lahko vnetljivo: snovi, ki v stiku z vodo ali vlažnim zrakom razvijejo nevarne količine lahko vnetljivih plinov s hitrostjo najmanj 1 liter/kg na uro.
The substance is tested according to the step by step sequence described below; if ignition occurs at any step, no further testing is necessary.
Snov se preskusi v skladu s spodaj opisanim zaporedjem faz; če pri kateri koli fazi pride do vžiga, nadaljnje preskušanje ni potrebno.
If it is known that the substance does not react violently with water then proceed to step 4 (1.3.4).
Če je znano, da snov z vodo ne reagira burno, se preskušanje začne s fazo 4 (1.3.4).
Step 1
Faza 1
The test substance is placed in a trough containing distilled water at 20 oC and it is noted whether or not the evolved gas ignites.
Preskusna snov se da v kadičko z destilirano vodo pri 20 oC, nato se zapiše, ali se razviti plin vname ali ne.
Step 2
Faza 2
The test substance is placed on a filter paper floating on the surface of a dish containing distilled water at 20 oC and it is noted whether or not the evolved gas ignites.
Preskusna snov se da na filtrirni papir, ki plava na površini destilirane vode pri 20 oC v posodici, nato se zapiše, ali se razviti plin vname ali ne.
The filter paper is merely to keep the substance in one place to increase the chances of ignition.
Edini namen filtrirnega papirja je obdržati snov na enem mestu, da se poveča verjetnost vžiga.
Step 3
Faza 3
The test substance is made into a pile approximately 2 cm high and 3 cm diameter.
Preskusna snov se oblikuje v približno 2 cm visok kupček s premerom približno 3 cm.
A few drops of water are added to the pile and it is noted whether or not the evolved gas ignites.
Na kupček se kane nekaj kapljic vode, nato se zapiše, ali se razviti plin vname ali ne.
Step 4
Faza 4
The test substance is mixed with distilled water at 20 oC and the rate of evolution of gas is measured over a period of seven hours, at one-hour intervals.
Preskusna snov se zmeša z destilirano vodo pri 20 oC, nato se sedem ur v enournih presledkih meri hitrost razvijanja plina.
If the rate of evolution is erratic, or is increasing, after seven hours, the measuring time should be extended to a maximum time of five days.
Če je hitrost razvijanja plina po sedmih urah neenakomerna ali naraščajoča, je treba čas merjenja podaljšati na največ pet dni.
The test may be stopped if the rate at any time exceeds 1 litre/kg per hour.
Preskus se lahko prekine, če hitrost ob katerem koli času preseže 1 liter/kg na uro.
QUALITY CR1TERIA
MERILA KAKOVOSTI
DESCRIPTION OF METHODS
OPIS METOD
The test is performed at room temperature (circa 20 oC).
Preskus se izvaja pri sobni temperaturi (ca. 20 oC).
A small quantity (approximately 2 mm diameter) of the test substance should be placed in a trough containing distilled water.
Majhna količina (približno 2 mm v premeru) preskusne snovi se da v kadičko z destilirano vodo.
A note should be made of whether (i) any gas is evolved and (ii) if ignition of the gas occurs.
Zapisati je treba, (i) ali se razvije kakršen koli plin in (ii) ali se ta plin vname.
If ignition of the gas occurs then no further testing of the substance is needed because the substance is regarded as hazardous.
Če se plin vname, nadaljnje preskušanje snovi ni več potrebno, saj se snov obravnava kot nevarna.
A filter-paper is floated flat on the surface of distilled water in any suitable vessel, e.g. a 100 mm diameter evaporating dish.
Filtrirni papir se plosko položi na površino destilirane vode v kakršni koli ustrezni posodi, npr. izparilnici s premerom 100 mm.
A small quantity of the test substance (approximately 2 mm diameter) is placed onto the centre of the filter-paper.
Majhna količina preskusne snovi (približno 2 mm v premeru) se da na sredino filtrirnega papirja.
The test substance is made into a pile approximately 2 cm high and 3 cm diameter with an indentation in the top.
Preskusna snov se oblikuje v približno 2 cm visok in 3 cm širok kupček z jamico na vrhu.
A few drops of water are added to the hollow and a note is made of whether (i) any gas is evolved and (ii) if ignition of the gas occurs.
V jamico se kane nekaj kapljic vode in zapiše, (i) ali se razvije kakršen koli plin in (ii) ali se ta plin vname.
The apparatus is set up as shown in the figure.
Aparatura se sestavi, kakor je prikazano na sliki.
Inspect the container of the test substance for any powder < 500 μm (particle size).
Preveri se ali posoda s preskusno snovjo vsebuje prah < 500 μm (velikost delcev).
If the powder constitutes more than 1 % w/w of the total, or if the sample is friable, then the whole of the substance should be ground to a powder before testing to allow for a reduction in particle size during storage and handling; otherwise the substance is to be tested as received.
Če prah predstavlja več kot 1 % m/m celotne količine ali če je vzorec drobljiv, je treba celotno snov pred preskušanjem zmleti v prah, da se upošteva manjšanje velikosti delcev med shranjevanjem in uporabo; sicer se snov preskuša takšna, kakršna je bila prejeta.
The test should be performed at room temperature (circa 20 oC) and atmospheric pressure.
Preskus je treba izvajati pri sobni temperaturi (pribl. 20 oC) in atmosferskem tlaku.
10 to 20 ml of water are put into the dropping funnel of the apparatus and 10 g of substance are put in the conical flask.
V lij kapalnik aparature se da 10 do 20 ml vode in v erlenmajerico 10 g snovi.
The volume of gas evolved can be measured by any suitable means.
Volumen razvitega plina se lahko izmeri s kakršnimi koli primernimi pripomočki.
The tap of the dropping funnel is opened to let the water into the conical flask and a stop watch is started.
Odpre se pipica lija, da voda steče v erlenmajerico, in sproži štoparica.
The gas evolution is measured each hour during a seven hour period.
V obdobju sedmih ur se vsako uro se izmeri razvijanje plina.
If, during this period, the gas evolution is erratic, or if, at the end of this period, the rate of gas evolution is increasing, then measurements should be continued for up to five days.
Če je v tem obdobju razvijanje plina neenakomerno ali če ob koncu tega obdobja hitrost razvijanja plina narašča, se merjenje nadaljuje do največ petih dni.
If, at any time of measurement, the rate of gas evolution exceeds 1 litre/kg per hour, the test can be discontinued.
Če hitrost razvijanja plina kadar koli med merjenjem preseže 1 liter/kg na uro, se preskus lahko prekine.
This test should be performed in triplicate.
Ta preskus je treba izvesti trikrat.
If the chemical identity of the gas is unknown, the gas should be analysed.
Če kemijska identiteta plina ni znana, je treba plin analizirati.
When the gas contains highly flammable components and it is unknown whether the whole mixture is highly flammable, a mixture of the same composition has to be prepared and tested according to the method A.11.
Če plin vsebuje lahko vnetljive sestavine in ni znano, ali je celotna zmes lahko vnetljiva, je treba pripraviti zmes z enako sestavo in jo preskusiti po metodi A.11.
The substance is considered hazardous if:
Snov se šteje za nevarno, če:
spontaneous ignition takes place in any step of the test procedure,
v kateri koli fazi preskusnega postopka pride do spontanega vžiga,
there is evolution of flammable gas at a rate greater than 1 litre/kg of the substance per hour.
se razvija vnetljiv plin s hitrostjo več kot 1 liter/kg snovi na uro.
details of any initial preparation of the test substance,
podrobnosti o kakršni koli predpripravi preskusne snovi,
the results of the tests (steps 1, 2, 3 and 4),
rezultati preskusov (faze 1, 2, 3 in 4),
the chemical identity of gas evolved,
kemijska identiteta razvitega plina,
the rate of evolution of gas if step 4 (1.6.4) is performed,
hitrost razvijanja plina, če se izvede faza 4 (1.6.4),
any additional remarks relevant to the interpretation of the results.
kakršne koli dodatne opombe, pomembne za razlago rezultatov.
The test procedure is applicable to solid or liquid substances, which, in small amounts, will ignite spontaneously a short time after coming into contact with air at room temperature (circa 20 oC).
Preskusni postopek se uporablja za trdne ali tekoče snovi, ki se že v majhnih količinah spontano vnamejo kmalu zatem, ko pridejo v stik z zrakom pri sobni temperaturi (ca. 20 oC).
Substances which need to be exposed to air for hours or days at room temperature or at elevated temperatures before ignition occurs are not covered by this test method.
V to metodo niso vključene snovi, ki morajo biti izpostavljene zraku več ur ali dni pri sobni temperaturi ali pri zvišani temperaturi, preden se vnamejo.
Substances are considered to have pyrophoric properties if they ignite or cause charring under the conditions described in 1.6.
Šteje se, da so snovi piroforne, če se vnamejo ali povzročijo zoglenelost pri pogojih, opisanih v 1.6.
The substance, whether solid or liquid, is added to an inert carrier and brought into contact with air at ambient temperature for a period of five minutes.
Snov, naj bo trdna ali tekoča, se da v inertno posodo in za pet minut izpostavi zraku pri sobni temperaturi.
If liquid substances do not ignite then they are absorbed onto filter paper and exposed to air at ambient temperature (circa 20 oC) for five minutes.
Če se tekoča snov ne vname, jo absorbiramo na filtrirni papir in za pet minut izpostavimo zraku pri sobni temperaturi (pribl. 20 oC).
If a solid or liquid ignites, or a liquid ignites or chars a filter paper, then the substance is considered to be pyrophoric.
Če se trdna snov ali tekočina vname ali če tekočina vžge ali poogleni filtrirni papir, se šteje, da je snov piroforna.
Repeatability: because of the importance in relation to safety, a single positive result is sufficient for the substance to be considered pyrophoric.
Ponovljivost: zaradi varnosti zadostuje en sam pozitiven rezultat, da se snov šteje za piroforno.
DESCRIPTION OF THE TEST METHOD
OPIS PRESKUSNE METODE
A porcelain cup of circa 10 cm diameter is filled with diatomaceous earth to a height of about 5 mm at room temperature (circa 20 oC).
V porcelanski lonček s premerom približno 10 cm se natrese približno 5 mm visok kupček diatomejske zemlje pri sobni temperaturi (ca. 20 oC).
Diatomaceous earth or any other comparable inert substance which is generally obtainable shall be taken as representative of soil onto which the test substance might be spilled in the event of an accident.
Diatomejska zemlja ali katera koli druga primerljiva splošno dostopna inertna snov se šteje za reprezentativno prst, na katero bi se lahko v primeru nesreče razlila preskusna snov.
Dry filter paper is required for testing liquids which do not ignite on contact with air when in contact with an inert carrier.
Za preskušanje tekočin, ki se ne vnamejo ob stiku z zrakom, če so v stiku z inertnim nosilcem, potrebujemo suh filtrirni papir.
Powdery solids
Prašnate trdne snovi
1 to 2 cm3 of the substance to be tested is poured from circa 1 m height onto a non-combustible surface and it is observed whether the substance ignites during dropping or within five minutes of settling.
Z višine približno 1 m se na negorljivo površino strese 1 do 2 cm3 prašnate preskusne snovi in opazuje, ali se snov vname med padanjem ali v petih minutah posedanja.
The test is performed six times unless ignition occurs;
Preskus se izvede šestkrat, razen če že prej pride do vžiga.
Circa 5 cm3 of the liquid to be tested is poured into the prepared porcelain cup and it is observed whether the substance ignites within five minutes.
Približno 5 cm3 preskusne tekočine se vlije v pripravljen porcelanski lonček in opazuje, ali se tekočina vname v petih minutah.
If no ignition occurs in the six tests, perform the following tests:
Če v šestih preskusih ne pride do vžiga, se opravijo naslednji preskusi:
A 0,5 ml test sample is delivered from a syringe to an indented filter paper and it is observed whether ignition or charring of the filter paper occurs within five minutes of the liquid being added.
Iz brizge se na prepognjen filtrirni papir nanese 0,5 ml preskusne snovi in opazuje, ali se filtrirni papir v petih minutah od nanosa tekočine vname ali zogleni.
The test is performed three times unless ignition or charring occurs.
Preskus se izvede trikrat, razen če že prej pride do vžiga.
TREATMENT OF RESULTS
OBDELAVA REZULTATOV
Testing can be discontinued as soon as a positive result occurs in any of the tests.
Preskus se lahko prekine, takoj ko se v katerem koli od preskusov dobi pozitiven rezultat.
If the substance ignites within five minutes when added to an inert carrier and exposed to air, or a liquid substance chars or ignites a filter paper within five minutes when added and exposed to air, it is considered to be pyrophoric.
Če se snov vname v petih minutah po dodatku v inertno posodo in izpostavitvi zraku ali če tekoča snov povzroči pooglenitev ali vžig filtrirnega papirja v petih minutah po dodatku in izpostavitvi zraku, se šteje, da je piroforna.
the results of the tests,
rezultati preskusov,
any additional remark relevant to the interpretation of the results.
kakršne koli dodatne opombe, pomembne za razlago rezultatov.
The method provides a scheme of testing to determine whether a solid or a pasty substance presents a danger of explosion when submitted to the effect of a flame (thermal sensitivity), or to shock or friction (sensitivity to mechanical stimuli), and whether a liquid substance presents a danger of explosion when submitted to the effect of a flame or shock.
Metoda predstavlja preskusno shemo za ugotavljanje, ali trdna ali pastozna snov predstavlja nevarnost eksplozije, ko se izpostavi plamenu (toplotna občutljivost) ali udarcu ali trenju (občutljivost za mehanske dražljaje), in ali tekoča snov predstavlja nevarnost eksplozije, ko se izpostavi plamenu ali udarcu.
The method comprises three parts:
Metoda zajema tri dele:
a test of thermal sensitivity (1);
preskus toplotne občutljivosti (1);
a test of mechanical sensitivity with respect to shock (1);
preskus mehanske občutljivosti za udarce (1);
a test of mechanical sensitivity with respect to friction (1).
preskus mehanske občutljivosti za trenje (1).
The method yields data to assess the likelihood of initiating an explosion by means of certain common stimuli.
Metoda daje podatke za oceno verjetnosti povzročitve eksplozije s pomočjo nekaterih običajnih dražljajev.
The method is not intended to ascertain whether a substance is capable of exploding under any conditions.
Metoda ni namenjena ugotavljanju zmožnosti snovi, da eksplodira v kakršnih koli pogojih.
The method is appropriate for determining whether a substance will present a danger of explosion (thermal and mechanical sensitivity) under the particular conditions specified in the directive.
Metoda je primerna za ugotavljanje, ali bo snov predstavljala nevarnost eksplozije (toplotna in mehanska občutljivost), v pogojih, določenih v direktivi.
It is based on a number of types of apparatus which are widely used internationally (1) and which usually give meaningful results.
Temelji na številnih vrstah aparatur, ki se splošno uporabljajo na mednarodni ravni (1) in običajno dajejo uporabne rezultate.
It is recognised that the method is not definitive.
Priznava se, da metoda ni dokončna.
Alternative apparatus to that specified may be used provided that it is internationally recognised and the results can be adequately correlated with those from the specified apparatus.
Lahko se uporabi aparatura, ki je drugačna od navedene, pod pogojem da je mednarodno priznana in se rezultati lahko zadovoljivo primerjajo z rezultati, dobljenimi z navedeno aparaturo.
The tests need not be performed when available thermodynamic information (e.g. heat of formation, heat of decomposition) and/or absence of certain reactive groups (2) in the structural formula establishes beyond reasonable doubt that the substance is incapable of rapid decomposition with evolution of gases or release of heat (i.e. the material does not present any risk of explosion).
Preskusov ni treba izvesti, kadar je iz razpoložljivih podatkov o termodinamiki (toplota proizvajanja, toplota razgrajevanja) in/ali odsotnosti nekaterih reaktivnih skupin (2) v strukturni formuli brez vsakršnega dvoma razvidno, da snov ni zmožna hitre razgradnje s proizvodnjo plinov ali sproščanjem toplote (tj. snov ne predstavlja nevarnosti eksplozije).
A test of mechanical sensitivity with respect to friction is not required for liquids.
Preskus mehanske občutljivosti za trenje pri tekočinah ni potreben.
Explosive:
Eksplozivno:
Substances which may explode under the effect of flame or which are sensitive to shock or friction in the specified apparatus (or are more mechanically sensitive than 1,3-dinitrobenzene in alternative apparatus).
Snovi, ki lahko eksplodirajo ob izpostavitvi plamenu ali so občutljive za udarce ali trenje v posebni aparaturi (ali so bolj mehansko občutljive kakor 1,3-dinitrobenzen v nadomestni aparaturi).
1,3-dinitrobenzene, technical crystalline product sieved to pass 0,5 mm, for the friction and shock methods.
1,3-dinitrobenzen, tehnični, kristaliničen, presejan do velikosti delcev do 0,5 mm, za metode udarca in trenja.
Perhydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX, hexogen, cyclonite — CAS 121-82-4), recrystallised from aqueous cyclohexanone, wet-sieved through a 250 μm and retained on a 150 μm sieve and dried at 103 ± 2 oC (for four hours) for the second series of friction and shock tests.
Perhidro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazin (RDX, heksogen, ciklonit – CAS 121-82-4), rekristaliziran iz vodnega cikloheksanona, mokro presejan skozi sito z odprtinami 250 μm in zadržan na situ z odprtinami 150 μm ter posušen pri 103 ± 2 oC (4 ure) za drugi niz preskusov trenja in udarcev.
Preliminary tests are necessary to establish safe conditions for the performance of the three tests of sensitivity.
Za določitev varnih pogojev izvedbe treh preskusov občutljivosti so potrebni predhodni preskusi.
Safety-in-handling tests (3)
Preskusi varnosti pri ravnanju s snovjo (3)
For safety reasons, before performing the main tests, very small samples (circa 10 mg) of the substance are subjected to heating without confinement in a gas flame, to shock in any convenient form of apparatus and to friction by the use of a mallet against an anvil or any form of friction machine.
Zaradi varnosti se pred izvedbo glavnih preskusov zelo majhni vzorci (ca. 10 mg) snovi segrevajo na odprtem s plamenom plinskega gorilnika ter izpostavijo udarcu v kakršni koli primerni aparaturi in trenju z uporabo kladiva in nakovala ali kakršne koli druge torne naprave.
The objective is to ascertain if the substance is so sensitive and explosive that the prescribed sensitivity tests, particularly that of thermal sensitivity, should be performed with special precautions so as to avoid injury to the operator.
Namen preskusa je ugotoviti, ali je snov tako občutljiva in eksplozivna, da je treba predpisane preskuse občutljivosti, zlasti tiste za toplotno občutljivost, izvajati še posebej previdno, da se izvajalec preskusov ne poškoduje.
Thermal sensitivity
Toplotna občutljivost
The method involves heating the substance in a steel tube, closed by orifice plates with differing diameters of hole, to determine whether the substance is liable to explode under conditions of intense heat and defined confinement.
Pri tej metodi se snov segreva v jekleni cevi, zaprti s šobnimi ploščami s spremenljivim premerom odprtine, da se določi, ali je verjetno, da bo snov eksplodirala pri intenzivni toploti in določeni zaprtosti.
Mechanical sensitivity (shock)
Mehanska občutljivost (udarec)
The method involves subjecting the substance to the shock from a specified mass dropped from a specified height.
Pri tej metodi se snov izpostavi udarcu določene mase, spuščene z določene višine.
Mechanical sensitivity (friction)
Mehanska občutljivost (trenje)
The method involves subjecting solid or pasty substances to friction between standard surfaces under specified conditions of load and relative motion.
Pri tej metodi se trdna ali pastozna snov izpostavi trenju med standardnimi površinami v določenih pogojih obremenitve in relativnega gibanja.
Thermal sensitivity (effect of a flame)
Toplotna občutljivost (učinek plamena)
The apparatus consists of a non-reusable steel tube with its re-usable closing device (figure 1), installed in a heating and protective device.
Aparaturo sestavlja jeklena cev za enkratno uporabo s pripravo za zapiranje za večkratno uporabo (slika 1), nameščena v grelno in zaščitno napravo.
Each tube is deep-drawn from sheet steel (see Appendix) and has an internal diameter of 24 mm, a length of 75 mm and wall thickness of 0,5 mm. The tubes are flanged at the open end to enable them to be closed by the orifice plate assembly.
Vsaka cev je izdelana z globokim vlečenjem iz jeklene pločevine (glej dodatek), njen notranji premer je 24 mm, dolžina 75 mm in debelina stene 0,5 mm. Na odprtem koncu cevi je prirobnica, ki omogoča zapiranje cevi s šobnim sklopom.
This consists of a pressure-resistant orifice plate, with a central hole, secured firmly to a tube using a two-part screw joint (nut and threaded collar).
Ta sklop sestavlja proti tlaku odporna šobna plošča z odprtino na sredini, ki je trdno pritrjena na cev z dvodelno vijačno zvezo (matica in navojni obroč).
The nut and threaded collar are made from chromium-manganese steel (see Appendix) which is spark-free up to 800 oC.
Matica in navojni obroč sta izdelana iz krom-manganovega jekla (glej dodatek), ki ne proizvaja isker do 800 oC.
The orifice plates are 6 mm thick, made from heat-resistant steel (see Appendix), and are available with a range of diameters of opening.
Šobne plošče so debele 6 mm, izdelane iz jekla, obstojnega na vročino (glej dodatek), in so na voljo z različnimi premeri odprtin.