natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Therefore, ferrets should not be single-housed for more than twenty-four hours without justification on veterinary or welfare grounds.
Zato beli dihurji ne smejo biti nameščeni posamezno dlje kot štiriindvajset ur, če to ni upravičeno zaradi veterinarskega stališča ali zaradi dobrega počutja.
Where animals are single-housed, whether for scientific or welfare reasons, additional resources should be targeted to the welfare and care of these animals.
Kadar so živali nameščene posamezno zaradi znanstvenih razlogov ali zaradi dobrega počutja, je treba nameniti dodatna sredstva dobremu počutju živali in njihovi oskrbi.
Additional human socialisation time, and visual, auditory and, where possible, tactile contact with other ferrets should be provided for all single-housed animals on a daily basis.
Živalim, ki so nameščene posamezno, je treba vsak dan zagotoviti dodaten čas za druženje z ljudmi ter to, da vidijo druge bele dihurje, jih slišijo, in kjer je mogoče, da se jih dotikajo.
The social behaviour of ferret should be taken into account by providing regular interaction with other ferrets through group housing and regular handling.
Družbeno vedenje belih dihurjev je treba upoštevati z zagotovitvijo rednega druženja z drugimi belimi dihurji tako, da se jih namesti v skupine in se redno skrbi zanje.
In general, ferrets seem to benefit from such regular and confident handling and this should be encouraged, as it results in better quality and more sociable animals.
Na splošno belemu dihurju koristi takšna redna in zaupljiva oskrba, zato je to treba spodbujati, ker izboljša kakovost bivanja, živali pa postanejo bolj družabne.
Social behaviour in ferrets develops at an early age and it is important that the young ferret has social contacts with other ferrets (e.g. litter-mates) and with humans (e.g. animal caretakers).
Družbeno vedenje belega dihurja se razvije zelo zgodaj, zato je pomembno, da ima mladi beli dihur družbene stike z drugimi belimi dihurji (npr. živali iz istega legla) in ljudmi (npr. oskrbniki živali).
Daily handling during this sensitive stage of development is a prerequisite for the social behaviour of the adult ferret.
Dnevna oskrba v tej občutljivi dobi razvoja je pogoj za družbeno vedenje odraslega belega dihurja.
It is reported that the more frequent the interaction, the more placid the animal will become, and this interaction should be continued through into adult life.
Poročila navajajo, da ob pogostejšem druženju žival postane krotkejša, razen tega je treba druženje nadaljevati tudi v odrasli dobi.
The design of the ferret enclosure should meet the animals' species- and breed-specific needs.
Zasnova ograjenega prostora za belega dihurja mora ustrezati posebnim potrebam živalske vrste in njene vzreje.
It should be adaptable so that innovation based on new understanding may be incorporated.
Biti mora prilagodljiva, da se lahko vključujejo inovacije na podlagi novih spoznanj.
The design of the enclosure should allow some privacy for the ferrets and enable them to exercise some control over their social interactions.
Zasnova ograjenih prostorov mora belim dihurjem dopuščati nekaj zasebnosti in jim omogočati določeno stopnjo nadzora nad druženjem z drugimi belimi dihurji.
Separate areas for different activities, such as by raised platforms and pen sub-divisions, should be provided in addition to the minimum floor space detailed below.
Razen najmanjše površine tal, ki je podrobno določena spodaj, je treba zagotoviti ločene prostore za različne dejavnosti, kot so dvignjene ploščadi ali staja s pregradami.
Where nesting boxes are provided, these should be designed to contain the young ferrets within the nest.
Kadar so zagotovljena gnezdišča, morajo biti oblikovana tako, da jih mladi beli dihurji ne morejo zapustiti.
Provision of containers and tubes of cardboard or rigid plastic, and paper bags, stimulates both investigative and play behaviour.
Zabojniki in cevi iz kartona ali trde plastike in vrečke iz papirja spodbujajo raziskovalno vedenje in igro.
Water baths and bowls are used extensively by ferrets.
Beli dihurji radi uporabljajo vodne kopeli in sklede.
These guidelines are intended to encourage the social housing of ferrets and to permit adequate enrichment of the environment.
Te smernice so namenjene spodbujanju nameščanja belih dihurjev z drugimi belimi dihurji in ustrezni obogatitvi okolja.
It should be noted that within this concept and strategy every encouragement is given to holding ferrets in large and socially harmonious groups both to increase the available floor space and to enhance the socialisation opportunities.
Omeniti je treba, da se znotraj tega koncepta in strategije spodbuja zadrževanje belih dihurjev v večjih skupinah, ki se med seboj dobro razumejo, da se poveča razpoložljiv prostor in izboljšajo možnosti za druženje.
Animal enclosures, including the divisions between enclosures, should provide an easy to clean and robust environment for the ferrets.
Ograjeni prostori za živali, vključno s pregradami med prostori, morajo zagotoviti čisto in stabilno okolje za bele dihurje.
Their design and construction should seek to provide an open and light facility giving the ferrets comprehensive sight of other ferrets and staff, outside of their immediate animal enclosure.
Pri njihovi zasnovi in konstrukciji si je treba prizadevati za odprt in lahek objekt, ki belim dihurjem omogoča pogled na druge bele dihurje in osebje zunaj njihovega ograjenega prostora.
There should also be provision for the ferrets to seek refuge and privacy within their own enclosure and, in particular, away from the sight of ferrets in other enclosures.
Prav tako mora biti poskrbljeno za bele dihurje, ki iščejo zatočišče in zasebnost znotraj svojega ograjenega prostora ter zlasti zunaj vidnega polja belih dihurjev v drugih ograjenih prostorih.
As ferrets have a remarkable ability to escape, the design of the enclosure should be such that the animal is unable to escape or to injure itself should any such attempt be made.
Ker imajo beli dihurji izjemno sposobnost za beg, mora biti zasnova ograjenega prostora takšna, da žival ne more zbežati ali se pri poskusu bega poškodovati.
The recommended minimum height of the enclosure should be 50 cm.
Priporočena najmanjša višina ograjenega prostora mora biti 50 cm.
The ferret enjoys climbing and this height facilitates provision of suitable enrichment.
Beli dihur rad pleza in ta višina omogoča ustrezno obogatitev okolja.
The floor space should provide an adequate area for movement and to allow the animal the opportunity to select sleeping, eating and urination/defecation areas.
Površina tal mora zagotavljati dovolj prostora za gibanje in dati živali možnost, da si izbere prostor za spanje, prehranjevanje ter uriniranje/iztrebljanje.
In order to provide enough space for environmental complexity, no animal enclosure should be less than 4500 cm2.
Da je na voljo dovolj prostora za kompleksno okolje, noben ograjen prostor za živali ne sme biti manjši od 4500 cm2.
Minimum space requirements for each ferret are as follows:
Minimalne prostorske zahteve za posameznega belega dihurja so:
Table E.1.
Tabela E.1
Ferrets: Minimum enclosure dimensions and space allowances
Beli dihurji: Najmanjše mere ograjenih prostorov in prostorske zmogljivosti
Animals up to 600 g
Živali do 600 g
Animals over 600 g
Živali nad 600 g
Adult males
Odrasli samci
Jill and litter
Samica in zarod
Animal enclosures should be of a rectangular shape rather than square, to facilitate locomotor activities.
Ograjeni prostori za živali morajo biti pravokotne oblike in ne kvadratne, da se olajša gibanje.
Constraint in less than the above space requirements for scientific purposes, such as in a metabolism cage, may severely compromise the welfare of the animals
Omejevanje v prostore, ki so manjši od zgornjih prostorskih zahtev, kot so na primer metabolne kletke, lahko resno ogrozi dobro počutje živali.
The flooring for ferret accommodation should be a solid continuous floor with a smooth non-slip finish.
Najboljša tla za bivališče za belega dihurja morajo biti trdna neprekinjena tla z gladko nedrsečo prevleko.
Additional enclosure furniture such as beds or platforms should provide all ferrets with a warm and comfortable resting place.
Dodatna oprema v ograjenem prostoru, kot so ležišča ali ploščadi, mora vsem belim dihurjem zagotoviti toplo in udobno počivališče.
Open flooring systems such as grids or mesh should not be used for ferrets.
Odprta tla, kot so tla z rešetkami ali mrežo, se za bele dihurje ne smejo uporabljati.
Bedding material is required for all ferrets.
Materiali za ležišče so obvezni za vse bele dihurje.
In addition, nesting materials such as hay, straw or paper should be provided.
Razen tega je treba zagotoviti materiale za gnezdenje, kot so seno, slama ali papir.
Deep litter systems are considered to provide additional enrichment.
Globoki sistemi s steljo se štejejo za dodatno obogatitev.
It is good practice to use some litter or substrate material at least to facilitate cleaning and minimise the necessity to wash/hose down regularly.
Uporaba stelje ali podlage je dobra praksa vsaj za olajšanje čiščenja in zmanjšanje potrebe po rednem pranju/izpiranju.
Wet cleaning by hosing down of animal enclosures should not result in ferrets becoming wet.
Pri mokrem čiščenju z izpiranjem ograjenega prostora se belih dihurjev ne sme zmočiti.
When animal enclosures are hosed down, the ferrets should be removed from the enclosure to a dry place and returned only when it is reasonably dry.
Med izpiranjem ograjenih prostorov je treba bele dihurje preseliti iz prostora na suho mesto in jih vrniti, ko je prostor primerno suh.
Ferrets tend to defecate against a vertical surface in one area of the enclosure.
Beli dihurji se navadno iztrebljajo ob navpično površino v enem delu ograjenega prostora.
Provision of a litter tray may be beneficial and reduce the frequency of cleaning required for the remainder of the enclosure.
Podloga s steljo je lahko koristna in zmanjša pogostost potrebnega čiščenja preostalega dela ograjenega prostora.
All excreta and soiled materials should be emptied at least daily, and more frequently if necessary, from litter trays and/or removed from all other areas used by the animals as a toilet.
Vse iztrebke in trdne snovi je treba odstraniti vsaj enkrat na dan, če je potrebno, tudi pogosteje, s podloge s steljo in/ali drugih delov ograjenega prostora, ki jih živali uporabljajo kot stranišče.
Frequency of cleaning of the remainder of the enclosure should be determined on factors such as stocking density, enclosure design and stage of breeding e.g. periparturient period.
Pogostost čiščenja preostalih delov ograjenega prostora je treba določiti na podlagi dejavnikov, kot so gostota naseljenosti, zasnova ograjenega prostora in obdobje parjenja, npr. čas pred kotitvijo.
SPECIES-SPECIFIC GUIDELINES FOR NON-HUMAN PRIMATES
SMERNICE ZA PRIMATE, RAZEN ČLOVEKA
Keeping non-human primates in the laboratory creates a number of problems which are not shared with other commonly used laboratory mammals.
Reja primatov, razen človeka, v laboratorijih ustvarja številne težave, ki se razlikujejo od težav v zvezi z drugimi sesalci, ki se navadno uporabljajo v laboratorijih.
Non-human primates are not domesticated, but are wild animals; most are also arboreal.
Primati, razen človeka, niso udomačeni, ampak so divje živali; večinoma tudi živijo na drevesih.
Their wild status means that they are more alert than domesticated species and thus are highly reactive to any unfamiliar and alarming stimuli.
Status divje živali pomeni, da so bolj previdni kot udomačene vrste, zato se močno odzovejo na vse neznane dražljaje in dražljaje, ki jih vznemirjajo.
Unlike domesticated species, they have not been selected for friendliness to humans and low aggression.
V nasprotju z udomačenimi vrstami niso bili izbrani zaradi prijaznosti do ljudi in nenapadalnosti.
Early friendly contact between infants and care-givers will result in a less fearful animal, as the animals learn that familiar humans do not constitute a threat, but the animals will retain most of the attributes of their wild conspecifics.
Zgodnji prijateljski stik med na novo skotenimi mladiči in oskrbniki zagotovi, da se živali ne bojijo tako zelo, ker se naučijo, da znani ljudje ne predstavljajo grožnje, vendar bodo živali ohranile večino lastnosti svojih divjih vrstnikov.
In contrast to non-arboreal laboratory mammals, the flight reaction of non-human primates from terrestrial predators is vertical, rather than horizontal; even the least arboreal species seek refuge in trees or on cliff faces.
V nasprotju z laboratorijskimi sesalci, ki ne živijo na drevesih, primati, razen človeka, pred kopenskimi plenilci bežijo navzgor in ne vodoravno; celo vrste, ki najmanj časa živijo na drevesih, pribežališče poiščejo na drevesih ali v stenah.
As a result, enclosure height should be adequate to allow the animal to perch at a sufficiently high level for it to feel secure.
Zato mora biti višina ograjenih prostorov zadostna, da lahko žival spleza dovolj visoko, da se počuti varno.
The structural division of space in primate enclosures is of paramount importance.
Strukturna porazdelitev ograjenega prostora za primate, razen človeka, je zelo pomembna.
It is essential that the animals should be able to utilise as much of the volume as possible because, being arboreal, they occupy a three-dimensional space.
Pomembno je, da lahko živali čim bolj izkoristijo prostor, ker so kot drevesne živali navajene živeti v tridimenzionalnem prostoru.
To make this possible, perches and climbing structures should be provided.
Zato je treba zagotoviti gredi in strukture za plezanje.
In addition to their wild nature and climbing habits, non-human primates have advanced cognitive capabilities and complex foraging and social behaviour.
Razen svoje divje narave in sposobnosti plezanja imajo primati, razen človeka, napredne kognitivne sposobnosti in zapletene postopke hranjenja ter družbeno vedenje.
As a result, they require complex, enriched environments to allow them to carry out a normal behavioural repertoire.
Zato potrebujejo zapleteno obogateno okolje, v katerem lahko ohranijo svoje običajne vedenjske vzorce.
The group structure, however, should be such that normal behaviours indicative of distress or pain or those likely to result in injury are kept to a minimum.
Vendar mora biti sestava skupine takšna, da se čim bolj prepreči običajne vedenjske vzorce, ki kažejo na nevarnost ali bolečino, ali vedenje, ki lahko povzroča poškodbo.
Non-human primates used for scientific research should be captive-bred and, where practicable, reared on site to avoid transport stress.
Primati, razen človeka, ki se uporabljajo za znanstvene raziskave, morajo biti, kadar je to izvedljivo, vzgojeni v ujetništvu na istem mestu, na katerem se izvajajo poskusi, da se prepreči stres zaradi prevoza.
Captive-bred animals are of known age, parentage and health status and have been reared under standardised husbandry practices.
Pri živalih, vzgojenih v ujetništvu, so znani njihova starost, poreklo, zdravstveno stanje, razen tega so bile vzgojene v skladu s standardnimi postopki vzreje.
Where non-human primates are to be imported they should, whenever possible, be obtained as offspring from established breeding colonies with high welfare and care standards.
Kadar so primati, razen človeka, uvoženi, jih je treba, kadar je to mogoče, pripeljati iz uglednih kolonij za vzrejo, kjer veljajo visoki standardi za dobro počutje in oskrbo.
They should be free from zoonotic diseases.
Ne smejo imeti nobene zoonotske bolezni.
Wild caught animals should only be used in exceptional circumstances as they present health hazards to staff, have unknown histories and are likely to be more afraid of humans.
Živali, ujete v divjini, se lahko uporabljajo le v izrednih primerih, ker predstavljajo nevarnost za zdravje osebja, njihova preteklost ni znana in verjetno se bolj bojijo ljudi.
In some instances there can be a significant mortality among the animals at the trapping site and during transfer to the source country holding site.
V nekaterih primerih lahko nastane visoka smrtnost med živalmi na območju, kjer se lovi s pastmi, ter med prevozom do nastanitvenega mesta v izvorni državi.
Additional details are provided for the commonly bred and used laboratory species.
Dodatne podrobnosti so navedene za vrste, ki se običajno vzrejajo in uporabljajo v laboratorijih.
Further advice on requirements for other species (or if behavioural or breeding problems occur) should be sought from experienced primatologists and care staff to ensure that any particular species needs are adequately addressed.
Za dodatne nasvete o zahtevah za druge vrste (ali v primeru vedenjskih težav ali težav pri vzreji) se je treba obrniti na izkušene primatologe in osebje, ki skrbi za živali, da se zagotovi ustrezna obravnava vseh potreb posamezne vrste.
As in captivity the animals have restricted opportunities for natural behavioural means of coping with climatic change, the ranges specified for laboratory animals will not necessarily reflect those which they experience in nature.
Ker imajo živali v ujetništvu omejene možnosti za naravno spopadanje s podnebnimi spremembami, ni nujno, da razpon temperature, določen za laboratorijske živali, izraža temperaturo v naravi.
Generally the ranges will be those which are optimal for the animals and comfortable for staff.
Navadno je razpon temperature takšen, da je najboljši za živali in udoben za osebje.
Where outdoor enclosures are in use, it is essential to provide shelter from inclement weather for all individuals and continuous access to adequate heated indoor accommodation.
Kadar se uporabljajo zunanji ograjeni prostori, je pomembno v primeru slabega vremena vsem živalim zagotoviti zavetje in nemoten dostop do ustrezno ogrevanih notranjih bivališč.
This is of particular importance in breeding colonies with extensive outdoor enclosures to reduce the risk of frostbite and loss of neonates in the winter months.
To je zlasti pomembno v kolonijah za vzrejo z veliko zunanjimi ograjenimi prostori, da se zmanjša nevarnost ozeblin in izgube na novo skotenih mladičev v zimskih mesecih.
Although some non-human primates live in tropical rain forests, where humidity is high, and others in arid regions, it is not necessary for this to be replicated in the laboratory for established colonies.
Čeprav nekateri primati, razen človeka, živijo v tropskih pragozdovih, kjer je vlažnost visoka, drugi pa v sušnih območjih, ni treba, da se v stalnih kolonijah poustvarijo takšne podnebne razmere.
In general, humidity levels of 40 to 70 % relative humidity are comfortable for both animals and care staff.
Na splošno stopnje vlažnosti od 40 % do 70 % ustrezajo živalim in oskrbnikom.
Care should be taken (see individual species) not to expose the animals to humidity which is too low and prolonged exposure outside this range should be avoided, particularly for New World monkeys, which may be susceptible to respiratory problems.
Paziti je treba, da se živali (glej posamezne vrste) ne izpostavlja prenizki vlažnosti, prav tako se je treba izogibati predolgi izpostavljenosti zunaj tega razpona, zlasti za primate novega sveta, ki so lahko nagnjeni k težavam pri dihanju.
For the nocturnal species, such as Aotus trivirgatus, the cycle should be modified so that dim red light is used during part of the normal working day to allow the animals to be observed during their active periods, and also to enable routine husbandry tasks to be carried out safely.
Za nočne vrste, kot je Aotus trivirgatus, je treba cikel spremeniti, tako da se zatemnjene rdeče luči uporabljajo med običajnim delovnim dnem, da se omogoči opazovanje živali med njihovim dejavnim obdobjem ter da se lahko varno opravljajo rutinske naloge vzreje.
Whenever possible, rooms housing non-human primates should be provided with windows, since they are a source of natural light and can provide environmental enrichment.
Kadar koli je to mogoče, je treba v prostore, v katerih so nameščeni primati, razen človeka, vgraditi okna, ker omogočajo naravno svetlobo in predstavljajo obogatitev okolja.
Restful background sound such as music or radio programmes provided during the day can act as a form of environmental enrichment and help to screen out sudden loud noises but it should not be provided permanently.
Pomirjajoči zvoki ali glasba ali radijski program, ki se predvaja čez dan, so lahko oblika obogatitve okolja in pomagajo zaznati nenadne glasne zvoke, vendar se ne smejo predvajati neprekinjeno.
Music may also have a calming effect on the animals in times of stress.
Glasba lahko med stresom na živali deluje pomirjujoče.
For most species, satisfactory sound levels will be the same as those recommended for staff, but some species such as callitrichids can also hear ultrasound, so this should be taken into account.
Za večino vrst je sprejemljiva raven hrupa enaka, kot se priporoča za osebje, vendar lahko nekatere vrste, kot je Callitrichidae, slišijo ultrazvok, zato je to treba upoštevati.
The level of background noise should be kept low and should only exceed 65 dBA for short periods.
Zvoki v ozadju morajo biti nizki in lahko presežejo 65 dBA le za krajši čas.
Most higher non-human primates have similar hearing to humans; to avoid frightening the animals sirens should be avoided.
Večina višje razvitih primatov, razen človeka, ima sluh podoben človeku; da se ne prestraši živali, se je treba izogibati uporabi siren.
An appropriate alternative would be to use flashing lights visible to staff in all rooms.
Ustrezna nadomestna rešitev bi bila uporaba utripajočih luči, vidnih osebju v vseh prostorih.
Though the use of captive-bred animals should ensure that they are in good health and do not pose a risk of infection to staff or other non-human primates in the premises, all newly acquired animals should arrive with full health certification and be quarantined on arrival.
Čeprav bi uporaba živali, vzrejenih v ujetništvu, morala zagotavljati dobro zdravstveno stanje živali in ne predstavlja tveganja okužbe za osebje ali druge primate, razen človeka, v prostorih, morajo vse na novo prispele živali imeti popolno zdravniško potrdilo in jih je treba ob prihodu dati v karanteno.
During this period their health should be closely monitored and further serological, bacteriological and parasitological tests should be performed by competent laboratories as required.
V tem obdobju je treba pozorno spremljati njihovo zdravstveno stanje, v pristojnih laboratorijih pa je treba opraviti dodatne serološke, bakteriološke in parazitološke teste, ki se zahtevajo.
All non-human primates in the colony should be under expert veterinary control and submitted to periodical diagnostic tests.
Vsi primati, razen človeka, v koloniji morajo biti pod nadzorom veterinarja ter biti podvrženi rednim diagnostičnim preskusom.
Their close affinity to humans results in susceptibility to a number of diseases and parasites that are common to both and occasionally life threatening to the other.
Zaradi bližine ljudi so dovzetni za številne bolezni in parazite, ki so skupni obema in so lahko včasih smrtno nevarni za primate, razen človeka.
It is, therefore, of vital importance that there is also regular medical screening of the staff.
Zato je bistveno, da je tudi osebje podvrženo rednim zdravniškim pregledom.
Any member of staff posing a potential health risk to the animals should not have contact with the animals.
Vsak uslužbenec, ki predstavlja možno zdravstveno tveganje za živali, ne sme imeti stika z njimi.
Particular care should be taken when dealing with animals which may be contaminated by pathogens transmissible to humans.
Posebna skrb je potrebna pri ravnanju z živalmi, ki so lahko okužene s patogeni, ki so prenosljivi na človeka.
Staff should be informed, and measures taken to minimise the risk of infection.
Osebje mora biti seznanjeno s tem, poleg tega je treba sprejeti ukrepe za zmanjšanje tveganja okužbe.
Lifetime health records should be kept for each animal.
Za vsako žival je treba vse njeno življenje hraniti zdravstvene evidence.