natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Although non-human primates dislike being handled and are stressed by it, training animals to cooperate should be encouraged, as this will reduce the stress otherwise caused by handling.
Čeprav primati, razen človeka, ne marajo obvladovanja in je to za njih stres, je treba živali spodbujati k sodelovanju, ker bo to zmanjšalo stres, ki ga sicer povzroča ravnanje z živalmi.
Training the animals is a most important aspect of husbandry, particularly in long-term studies.
Urjenje živali je najpomembnejši vidik reje živali, zlasti v dolgoročnih študijah.
It has a dual advantage in providing the animal with an intellectual challenge and making work more rewarding for the care-giver.
Ima dvojno prednost, ker živalim omogoča intelektualne izzive, za skrbnika živali pa je delo koristnejše.
Non-human primates will respond to aural and visual stimuli, and by using simple reward systems, training can often be employed to encourage the animals to accept minor interventions, such as blood sampling.
Primati, razen človeka, se odzivajo na slušne in vidne dražljaje, z uporabo enostavnega sistema nagrajevanja se lahko urjenje pogosto uporabi za spodbujanje živali, da dovolijo manjše posege, kot je jemanje vzorcev krvi.
The response of individuals to training and procedures should be regularly reviewed, as some animals may be particularly difficult or non-responsive and in such cases, careful consideration should be given to their continued use.
Odziv posameznih živali na urjenje in postopke je treba redno preverjati, ker so lahko nekatere živali izjemno težavne ali se ne odzivajo, zato je treba v takšnih primerih skrbno premisliti o njihovi nadaljnji uporabi.
Though animals can be trained to accomplish tasks, attention should be paid to appropriate recovery periods when subjected to repeated experiments.
Čeprav se lahko živali urijo za izvajanje nalog, je treba pozornost posvetiti primernim obdobjem okrevanja, kadar sodelujejo v več ponovljenih poskusih.
Individual records containing detailed information for each animal should be maintained.
Ohranjati je treba posamezne evidence, ki vsebujejo podrobne informacije o vsaki živali.
These should include: species, sex, age, weight, origin, clinical and diagnostic information, present and previous housing system, history of experimental use and any other information relevant for management and experimental procedures, such as reports on their behaviour or status, and favoured social companions/social relationship.
Te vključujejo: vrste, spol, starost, težo, izvor, klinične in diagnostične podatke, sedanje in prejšnje razmere bivanja, zgodovino sodelovanja v poskusih in vse druge informacije, pomembne za upravljanje in poskusne postopke, kot so poročila o vedenju ali družbenem položaju in najljubših članih skupine/družbenih razmerjih.
All non-human primates in a facility should be identified with a permanent and unique laboratory identification code before weaning.
Vse primate, razen človeka, v objektu je treba identificirati s stalnimi in edinstvenimi laboratorijskimi identifikacijskimi oznakami pred odstavitvijo.
Individual animals can be identified visually by using properly fitted necklaces with attached medallions or tattoos for large species.
Posamezne živali se lahko identificirajo z uporabo ustrezno pritrjenih ogrlic z medaljoni ali s tetoviranimi znamenji za velike vrste.
Microchips can be injected into accessible sites (the wrist for larger animals or scruff of the neck for smaller species.
Na dostopna mesta se lahko vcepijo mikročipi (pri velikih živalih v zapestje ali v gube na vratu pri manjših živalih).
As it is important to be able easily to distinguish animals, some laboratories successfully use names for the animals, as these can easily be used to identify dominant and subordinate animals, and are considered by some to encourage the care staff to increase their respect for the non-human primates.
Ker je pomembno enostavno razlikovanje med živalmi, nekateri laboratoriji za živali uspešno uporabljajo imena, ker se lahko enostavno uporabijo pri identifikaciji nadrejenih in podrejenih živali in ker nekateri menijo, da spodbujajo oskrbnike k večjemu spoštovanju primatov, razen človeka.
Staff should be trained in the management, husbandry and training of animals under their care.
Osebje je treba usposabljati v upravljanju, reji in urjenju živali v oskrbi.
Training should also include information on the health and safety of staff working with non-human primates including zoonotic disease risk, and management.
Usposabljanje mora vključevati tudi informacije o varovanju zdravja osebja, ki dela s primati, razen človeka, vključno s tveganjem za bolezni zoonoze in upravljanjem.
Animals should, where possible, be transported in compatible pairs.
Živali je treba, kadar je mogoče, prevažati v združljivih parih.
However, adult animals may need to be transported singly.
Vendar je morda treba odrasle živali prevažati posamezno.
Marmosets (Callithrix spp.) are small, highly arboreal, South American diurnal non-human primates.
Marmozetke (Callithrix spp.) so majhni, izrazito drevesni, dnevni primati, razen človeka, iz Južne Amerike.
In the wild they have home ranges of 1 to 4 hectares where they live in extended family groups of three to fifteen animals consisting of a breeding pair and their offspring.
V naravi njihov dom meri od 1 do 4 hektarje, tam živijo v razširjenih skupinah družin od tri do petnajst živali, ki jih sestavljajo par, ki se pari, in njuni mladiči.
Females produce litters twice a year (normally twins and in captivity, not infrequently, triplets) and all group members take care of the offspring.
Samice imajo zarod dvakrat na leto (običajno dvojčke in v ujetništvu pogosto trojčke) in vsi člani skupine skrbijo zanje.
Reproductive inhibition of the subordinate females by the dominant occurs due to hormonal and behavioural mechanisms.
Oviranje razmnoževanja podrejenih samic s strani nadrejenih se pojavlja zaradi hormonskih in vedenjskih mehanizmov.
Marmosets are frugivore-insectivore and are specialised in gum-tree gouging and gum feeding; however, in captivity they would gouge and scent-mark other hardwoods.
Marmozetke so sadjejede in žužkojede živali ter se posvečajo dolbenju kavčukovca in hranjenju s kavčukovcem; vendar v ujetništvu dolbejo in označujejo z vonjem tudi drug trd les.
Foraging and feeding occupy up to 50 % of the time available.
Za iskanje hrane in hranjenje porabijo do 50 % časa, ki ga imajo na voljo.
Marmosets and tamarins can live for up to 15 to 20 years in captivity.
Marmozetke in tamarinke lahko v ujetništvu živijo od petnajst do dvajset let.
Tamarins (Saguinus spp.) are similar to marmosets in many respects.
Tamarinke (Saguinus spp.) so v več pogledih podobne marmozetkam.
They are found in South and Central America, but are slightly larger animals and have larger home ranges, varying from 30 to 100 hectares.
Najdemo jih v Južni in Srednji Ameriki, vendar so malo večje živali in živijo na večjih območjih, od 30 do 100 hektarov.
The larger home ranges of tamarins are related to more frugivorous diets, while they do not gouge, and eat gum only when readily accessible.
Večja območja bivanja tamarink so povezana s prehranjevanjem s sadjem, medtem ko ne dolbejo kavčukovca in jedo kavčuk le, če je lahko dostopen.
Most marmosets and tamarins show reluctance to descend to the ground and frequently scent-mark their environment.
Večina marmozetk in tamarink se nerada spušča na tla in pogosto označujejo okolje z vonjem.
Marmosets and tamarins should be maintained in a temperature range of 23 oC to 28 oC, although levels slightly higher are acceptable due to the tropical nature of the animals.
Temperatura v ograjenih prostorih marmozetk in tamarink mora biti med 23 oC in 28 oC, čeprav je malo višja temperatura sprejemljiva zaradi tropskih značilnosti živali.
Humidity levels of 40 to 70 % should be provided, although the animals will tolerate relative humidity levels higher than 70 %.
Zagotavljati je treba stopnje vlažnosti od 40 do 70 %, čeprav lahko živali prenesejo tudi stopnjo relativne vlažnosti, višjo od 70 %.
However, within the animal enclosures, a shaded area should always be provided.
Vendar je treba v ograjenih prostorih za živali vedno zagotoviti tudi zasenčeno območje.
Special consideration should be given to minimise exposure to ultra-sound, which is within the hearing range of marmosets and tamarins.
Posebno pozornost je treba posvetiti zmanjšanju izpostavljenosti ultrazvoku, ki je v slušnem območju marmozetk in tamarink.
Alarm system
Alarmni sistemi
(See paragraph 2.6. of the General considerations for non-human primates)
(Glej odstavek 2.6 Splošnih načel za primate, razen človeka.)
(See paragraph 3 of the General considerations for non-human primates)
(Glej odstavek 3 Splošnih načel za primate, razen človeka.)
Marmosets and tamarins should be housed in family groups consisting of unrelated male-female pairs and one or more sets of offspring.
Marmozetke in tamarinke morajo biti nameščene v skupinah družin, ki jih sestavljajo nepovezani pari samcev in samic ter eden ali več zarodov potomcev.
Groups of stock animals should consist of compatible same-sex peer individuals or juveniles.
Skupine gojenih živali morajo sestavljati združljivi istospolni pari istega položaja ali mladiči.
Care should be taken when grouping unrelated adult individuals of the same sex since overt aggression may occur.
Pri oblikovanju skupine nepovezanih odraslih posameznikov istega spola je treba paziti, ker lahko postanejo preveč napadalni.
During experiments, marmosets and tamarins can generally be kept with a compatible same-sex animal (twins, parent/offspring) or in male-female pairs, using contraception.
Na splošno so lahko med poskusi marmozetke in tamarinke nameščene skupaj z združljivimi istospolnimi živalmi (dvojčki, starši/mladiči) ali v parih samec-samica z uporabo kontracepcije.
When experimental procedures or veterinary care require single housing, the duration should be minimised and the animals should remain in visual, auditory and olfactory contact with conspecifics.
Če postopki poskusa ali veterinarske oskrbe zahtevajo posamezno namestitev, je treba ta čas čim bolj skrajšati, živali pa morajo videti, slišati in vohati živali svoje vrste.
Breeding pairs should be formed only when the animals are aged about 2 years.
Pare, ki se parijo, je treba oblikovati šele po starosti živali okoli 2 let.
In family groups, the presence of the mother will inhibit the ovulatory cycle in her female offspring.
V skupinah družin prisotnost matere zavira cikel ovulacije pri mlajših samičkah.
New pairs intended for breeding should not be kept close to the parental family since reproduction may be inhibited.
Novi pari za parjenje ne smejo biti v bližini družine s starši, ker lahko to ovira razmnoževanje.
The appropriate age of weaning will depend on the intended use of the animals but should not be earlier than 8 months of age.
Primerna starost za odstavitev je odvisna od načrtovane uporabe živali, vendar ne pred starostjo 8 mesecev.
When animals are to be used as breeders, they should remain in the family group until at least 13 months of age in order to acquire adequate rearing experience.
Če se bodo živali uporabljale za parjenje, morajo ostati v skupini družine vsaj do 13 mesecev starosti, da pridobijo ustrezne izkušnje o vzgoji.
The natural behaviour of marmosets and tamarins indicates that the captive environment should provide some degree of complexity and stimulation, factors which are more valuable than simply increasing enclosure dimensions to promote species-typical behaviour.
Naravno vedenje marmozetk in tamarink kaže, da mora ujetništvo zagotoviti določeno stopnjo zahtevnosti in spodbude, dejavnika, ki sta za spodbujanje značilnega vedenja vrste koristnejša od zgolj povečanja mer ograjenega prostora.
Furniture of natural or artificial materials (for example, wood, PVC) should include: perches, platforms, swings, ropes.
Oprema iz naravnih ali umetnih materialov (na primer les, PVC) mora vključevati: grede, ploščadi, gugalnice, vrvi.
It is important to provide a certain degree of variability in orientation, diameter and firmness to allow the animals to perform appropriate locomotor and jumping behaviours.
Pomembno je zagotoviti določeno stopnjo spreminjanja v orientaciji, premeru in trdnosti, da se živalim omogoči izvajanje ustreznega gibanja in skakanja.
Wooden perches allow marmosets and tamarins to express their natural behaviour of gnawing followed by scent-marking.
Lesene grede omogočajo marmozetkam in tamarinkam naravno vedenje z glodanjem, ki mu sledi označevanje z vonjem.
In addition, a comfortable secure resting area such as nest boxes should be included since they are used for resting, sleeping and hiding in alarming situations.
Razen tega je treba vključiti tudi udobna in varna počivališča, kot so gnezdišča, ker jih uporabljajo za počitek, spanje in skrivanje v nevarnih razmerah.
Though visual contact between family groups is normally stimulating for the animals, opaque screens and/or increasing the distance between enclosures in order to avoid territorial interaction may be needed in some cases, and in particular for certain callitrichid species.
Čeprav je vizualni stik v skupini družine običajno za živali spodbuden, so v nekaterih primerih potrebni temni zasloni in/ali povečana razdalja med ograjenimi prostori zaradi preprečevanja medsebojnih vplivov na teritoriju in zlasti za nekatere vrste Callitrichidae.
Foraging devices, which stimulate the natural behaviour of the animals, should be suspended or presented in the upper part of the enclosure, in consideration of the reluctance of the animals to descend to ground level.
Naprave, ki spodbujajo iskanje hrane in spodbujajo naravno vedenje živali, je treba odstraniti ali namestiti v zgornjem delu ograjenega prostora, ob upoštevanju, da se živali nerade spuščajo na tla.
Wood chips as a substrate will encourage foraging of spilled food at the floor area.
Podlaga v obliki lesnih olupkov bo spodbudila iskanje raztresene hrane po tleh.
In general, the inclusion in the lower part of the enclosure of structural elements and enrichment devices will promote a wider and more diversified use of the space.
Na splošno vključitev strukturnih elementov in naprav za obogatitev v spodnjem delu ograjenega prostora spodbuja širšo in bolj raznoliko uporabo prostora.
For marmosets, which are specialised in tree-gnawing to obtain gum, sections of dowel drilled with holes and filled with gum arabic have proved very beneficial.
Za marmozetke, ki za to, da dobijo kavčuk, glodajo drevesa, so se navrtani deli z luknjami, napolnjenimi z gumiarabiko, izkazali za zelo koristne.
For marmosets and tamarins the volume of available space and the vertical height of the enclosure are more important than floor area, due to the arboreal nature and the vertical flight reaction of these species.
Pri marmozetkah in tamarinkah sta prostornina prostora, ki je na voljo, in višina ograjenega prostora pomembnejši od površine tal zaradi značilnosti te vrste, ki živi na drevesih in beži navzgor.
The minimum dimensions and design of the enclosure should take into account the purpose for which the animals are maintained (breeding, stock, short or long experiments) and enable the inclusion of sufficient devices for improving the environmental complexity.
Pri najmanjših merah in obliki ograjenega prostora je treba upoštevati namen vzreje živali (parjenje, vzreja, krajši ali daljši poskusi) in omogočiti vključitev dovolj naprav za izboljšanje celovitosti okolja.
Table F.1.
Tabela F.1
Marmosets and Tamarins: Minimum enclosure dimensions and space allowances.
Marmozetke in tamarinke: Najmanjše mere ograjenih prostorov in prostorske zmogljivosti
Minimum floor area of enclosures for 1 [7] or 2 animals plus offspring up to 5 months old (m2)
Najmanjša površina tal ograjenih prostorov za 1 [7] ali 2 živali in mladiče do 5 mesecev starosti (m2)
Minimum volume per additional animal over 5 months (m3)
Najmanjša prostornina za dodatno žival nad 5 meseci starosti (m3)
Minimum enclosure height (m) [8]
Najmanjša višina ograjenega prostora (m) [8]
Marmosets
Marmozetke
Tamarins
Tamarinke
Marmosets and tamarins require a high protein intake and since they are unable to synthesise vitamin D3 without access to UV-B radiation, the diet must be supplemented with adequate levels of vitamin D3.
Marmozetke in tamarinke potrebujejo visok delež beljakovin in ker same brez sevanja UV-B ne morejo tvoriti vitamina D3, je treba k prehrani dodajati ustrezne ravni vitamina D3.
(See paragraph 4.6. of the General considerations for non-human primates)
(Glej odstavek 4.6 Splošnih načel za primate, razen človeka.)
Marmosets and tamarins frequently scent-mark their environment and the total removal of familiar scents may cause behavioural problems.
Marmozetke in tamarinke pogosto označujejo svoje okolje z vonjem in popolna odstranitev poznanih vonjev lahko povzroči vedenjske težave.
Alternate cleaning and sanitation of the enclosure and the enrichment devices retains some of the territorial scent-marking and has beneficial effects on the psychological well-being of the animals, reducing over-stimulated scent-marking.
Izmenjavanje čiščenja in sanitacije v ograjenem prostoru ter na napravah za obogatitev ohrani nekaj označevanja z vonjem na teritoriju ter ima ugodne učinke na psihično dobro počutje živali, ker zmanjšuje preveliko spodbujanje označevanja z vonjem.
Regular handling and human contact are beneficial for improving the animals' habituation to monitoring and experimental conditions and facilitate training to cooperate with some procedures.
Redna oskrba in stik s človekom sta koristna za izboljšanje privajanja živali na spremljanje in poskusne pogoje ter omogočata urjenje za sodelovanje v nekaterih postopkih.
When capture and transport of the animals are required, nest boxes can be used to reduce handling stress.
Če sta potrebna ujetništvo in prevoz živali, se lahko uporabijo gnezdišča za zmanjšanje stresa pri oskrbi.
(See paragraph 4.10. of the General considerations for non-human primates)
(Glej odstavek 4.10 Splošnih načel za primate, razen človeka.)
(See paragraph 4.11. of the General considerations for non-human primates)
(Glej odstavek 4.11 Splošnih načel za primate, razen človeka.)
(See paragraph 5 of the General considerations for non-human primates)
(Glej odstavek 5 Splošnih načel za primate, razen človeka.)
(See paragraph 6 of the General considerations for non-human primates)
(Glej odstavek 6 Splošnih načel za primate, razen človeka.)
Squirrel monkeys (Saimiri spp.) inhabit the tropical rain forests of the South American continent at various altitudes.
Veveričje opice (Saimiri spp.) bivajo v tropskih deževnih gozdovih Južne Amerike na različnih višinah.
There are various regional subspecies, the two most important are known as S. sc. boliviensis (black headed) and S. sc. sciureus (olive).
Obstajajo različne regionalne podvrste, dve najpomembnejši sta S. sc. boliviensis (črnoglavi sajmiri) in S. sc. sciureus (sajmiri).
In addition to differences in coat colour and face masks they also have some minor variations in behavioural characteristics.
Razen razlik v barvi dlake in obraznih potezah, se malo razlikujejo tudi v vedenju.
Body weight of adults ranges from 600 to 1100 g, with males being distinctly heavier than females.
Telesna teža odraslih je od 600 do 1100 g, samci pa so veliko težji od samic.
Standing upright, adult animals reach about 40 cm body length.
Če stojijo pokončno, so odrasle živali visoke okoli 40 cm.
They are typically arboreal animals living at different levels of the canopy, depending on environmental temperature.
To so značilne živali, ki živijo na drevesih na različnih ravneh krošenj, odvisno od temperature okolja.
They do, however, descend to the ground to look for food and, and in the case of young animals, to play.
Vendar se spuščajo na tla, da iščejo hrano, in v primeru mladih živali, da se igrajo.
When in danger, they flee to a high level.
Če so v nevarnosti, zbežijo zelo visoko.
When travelling they may take leaps depending on the density of the canopy.
Pri premikanju lahko skačejo, kar je odvisno od gostote krošenj.
In the wild they live in fairly large groups in which females and young animals live together with a dominant breeding male, whereas adult males that are not in breeding condition remain on the periphery, forming groups of their own.
V naravi živijo v precej velikih skupinah, v katerih samice in mladiči živijo skupaj z nadrejenim samcem, ki se pari, medtem ko odrasli samci, ki se ne parijo, ostanejo na obrobju in oblikujejo svoje skupine.
Squirrel monkeys in captivity have been known to live for up to twenty-five years.
Znano je, da veveričje opice v ujetništvu živijo do petindvajset let.
Though the species live in a wide range of climatic conditions in tropical forests from low to high altitudes in mountain areas, temperature changes in the habitats of individual colonies or troops do not vary greatly.
Čeprav te vrste živijo v zelo različnih podnebnih razmerah v tropskih gozdovih od nižin do visokih gorskih območij, temperaturne spremembe v habitatih posameznih kolonij ali tropov niso velike.
Therefore marked short-term temperature variations should be avoided.
Zato se je treba izogibati izrazitim kratkoročnim temperaturnim spremembam.
In the wild the animals adapt to ambient temperatures by choosing the most suitable level within the canopy (for example, nearer to the ground in cool weather).
V naravi se živali prilagodijo temperaturi okolja z izbiro najustreznejših ravni v krošnji (na primer v hladnem vremenu blizu tal).
Whereas normal room temperatures of 22 oC to 26 oC seem to be adequate, for animals with restricted exercise areas temperatures around 26 oC may be more appropriate.
Medtem ko se običajna sobna temperatura od 22 oC do 26 oC zdi ustrezna, je za živali z omejenim prostorom za gibanje primernejša temperatura okoli 26 oC.
A range of 40 to 70 % is adequate for this species.
Za to vrsto je primeren razpon od 40 do 70 %.
As tropical-forest dwellers, squirrel monkeys are adapted to diffuse lighting.
Ker veveričje opice bivajo v tropskem gozdu, so prilagojene na razpršeno svetlobo.
A 12 hour/12 hour light and dark cycle is appropriate.
Ustrezen je cikel 12 ur svetlobe in 12 ur teme.
(See paragraph 2.5. of the General considerations for non-human primates)
(Glej odstavek 2.5 Splošnih načel za primate, razen človeka.)
Squirrel monkeys may be silent carriers of a herpes virus (Saimirine herpesvirus 1, syn.
Veveričje opice so lahko latentne prenašalke virusa herpes (Saimirine herpesvirus 1, syn.
Herpesvirus tamarinus, herpes T, Herpesvirus platyrrhinae), which, when transmitted to marmosets, may prove fatal.
Herpesvirus tamarinus, herpes T, Herpesvirus platyrrhinae), ki je lahko ob prenosu na marmozetke smrten.
It is, therefore, recommended to not keep these two animal species in the same units unless tests have shown the colonies to be free from this viral infection.
Zato je priporočljivo, da se teh dveh živalskih vrst ne namesti v istem prostoru, razen če so poskusi pokazali, da kolonije nimajo virusne okužbe.
Based on their natural social organisation there is no difficulty in keeping saimiris in large single-sex groups.
Na podlagi njihove naravne družbene organiziranosti ni nobenih težav z zadrževanjem sajmirijev v velikih enospolnih skupinah.
For this purpose, however, male and female groups should be well separated to avoid fighting.
Zato je treba skupine samcev in samic popolnoma ločiti, da se preprečijo spopadi.
Special attention should be paid to identify distressed individuals in a group since aggressive behaviour is not very pronounced in squirrel monkeys.
Posebno pozornost je treba posvetiti prepoznavanju posameznih živali v skupini, ki so v stiski, ker napadalno vedenje pri veveričjih opicah ni zelo izrazito.
For breeding purposes a group of seven to ten females kept with one or two males appears to be adequate.
Za namene parjenja je primerna skupina od sedem do deset samic skupaj z enim ali dvema samcema.
Breeding groups should have visual contact, but should be prevented from physical contact, with other groups.
Skupine za parjenje morajo imeti vizualni stik, vendar jim je treba preprečiti fizični stik z drugimi skupinami.