natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The results of the research were also made available to other companies and a number of clients.
Vsa plačila KBN so bila namenjena Metalurškemu inštitutu.
The aid was mainly paid to the Institute of Metallurgy.
Rezultate raziskave je poljska Akademija znanosti posredovala številnim drugim industrijskim tovarnam, ki se soočajo s problemom, da morajo uporabljati vodo za hlajenje iz virov, ki vsebujejo velike količine organskih snovi, ki poškodujejo toplotne izmenjevalnike.
The Polish authorities have also indicated that in 2003 the percentage of public creditors' claims recovered as a result of restructuring was between 46 % and 72 % (on average 61 %) whereas the reduction in the case of private creditors was between 46 % and 58 % (on average 54 %).
Namen projekta je bil razviti tehnologijo za vlivanje in zvijanje debele jeklene pločevine z homogeno legirano strukturo preko celotne globine pločevine. Te vrste jekla je zahtevala ladjedelniška industrija in jih prej na Poljskem niso izdelovali. Rezultati raziskave so bili na voljo tudi drugim podjetjem in številnim strankam.
Community framework for state aid for research and development, OJ C 45 of 17 February 1996, p. 5.
Pomoč je bila v glavnem plačana Metalurškemu inštitutu.
See Decision of 14 December 2004, Restructuring aid to the Czech steel producer Třinecké Železárny a.s, OJ C 22 of 27 January 2005, p. 2, which is based on Protocol 2 to the Accession Treaty concerning the restructuring of the Czech steel industry.
Poljske oblasti so tudi navedle, da je bil odstotek terjatev javnih upnikov, povrnjenih kot posledica prestrukturiranja, med 46 % in 72 % (v povprečju 61 %), medtem ko je bil upad cene v primeru zasebnih upnikov med 46 % in 58 % (v povprečju 54 %).
OJ L 83, 27.3.1999, p. 1.
Okvir Skupnosti za državno pomoč za raziskave in razvoj, UL C 45, 17.2.1996, str. 5.
Case C-342/96 Spain v Commission, paragraph 46; Case C-256/97 DMT, paragraph 24, Opinion of the Advocate General in Case C-256/97 DMT, paragraph 38; Case T-152/99 Hamsa, paragraph 167.
Glej Odločbo z dne 14. decembra 2004, Pomoč za prestrukturiranje češkemu proizvajalcu jekla Třinecké Železárny a.s, UL C 22, 27.1.2005, ki temelji na Protokolu 2 k Pristopni pogodbi glede prestrukturiranja češke jeklarske industrije.
Case T-152/99 Hamsa, paragraph 168: ‘When a firm faced with a substantial deterioration of its financial situation proposes an agreement or series of agreements for debt arrangement to its creditors with a view to remedying the situation and avoiding liquidation, each creditor must make a decision having regard to the amount offered to it under the proposed agreement, on the one hand, and the amount it expects to be able to recover following possible liquidation of the firm, on the other. Its choice is influenced by number of factors, including the creditor's status as the holder of a secured, preferential or ordinary claim, the nature and extent of any security it may hold, its assessment of the chances of the firm being restored to viability, as well as the amount it would receive in the event of liquidation. If it turned out, for example, that in the event the firm was liquidated, the realisation value of its assets was only sufficient to cover mortgage and preferential claims, ordinary claims would have no value. In such a scenario, acceptance by an ordinary creditor of the cancellation of a major part of its claim would not really be a sacrifice’.
UL L 83, 27.3.1999, str. 1.
In fact there are four in 2005, but this is not of relevance in this case as they had already agreed to restructuring in 2003.
Zadeva C-342/96 Španija proti Komisiji, odstavek 46; zadeva C-256/97 DMT, odstavek 24, Mnenje generalnega pravobranilca o zadevi C-256/97 DMT, odstavek 38; zadeva T-152/99 Hamsa, odstavek 167.
The Commission is also not concerned by the fact that also other creditors could have rejected the restructuring, as these other creditors had clearly benefited from restructuring and did not want to jeopardise this process.
Zadeva T-152/99 Hamsa, odstavek 168: „Kadar podjetje, ki se srečuje z znatnim poslabšanjem svojega finančnega stanja, predlaga sporazum ali skupino sporazumov za ureditev dolga do upnikov z namenom izboljšanja stanja in v izogib likvidaciji, se mora vsak upnik odločiti ob upoštevanju zneska, ponujenega v skladu s predlaganim sporazumom na eni strani in zneskom, ki ga pričakuje na podlagi likvidacije, na drugi strani. Na njegovo izbiro vplivajo številni dejavniki, vključno s statusom upnika kot lastnikom zavarovanih, preferencialnih in običajnih terjatev, naravo in obsegom vsake terjatve, ki jo ima, njegove presoje možnosti, da bo podjetje ponovno vzpostavilo sposobnost preživetja, kot tudi od zneska, ki bi ga prejel v primeru likvidacije. Če se na primer izkaže, da je v primeru likvidacije podjetja realizacija vrednosti njegovih sredstev zadostna samo za pokritje hipoteke in preferencialnih terjatev, ne bi imele običajne terjatve nobene vrednosti. V takšnem primeru sprejetje običajnega upnika, da ukine glavni del njegovih terjatev, dejansko ne bi bila žrtev“.
Case T-152/99 Hamsa, paragraph 168 (author's emphasis).
Dejansko so v letu 2005 štirje, vendar v tem primeru to ni pomembno, saj so že privolili v prestrukturiranje v letu 2003.
Commission Notice on the application of Articles 87 and 88 of the EC Treaty to State aid in the form of guarantees (OJ C 71, 11.3.2000, p. 14).
Komisije tudi ne skrbi dejstvo, da bi lahko tudi drugi upniki zavrnili prestrukturiranje, saj so ti drugi upniki dejansko pridobili pri prestrukturiranju in niso hoteli ogroziti tega postopka.
OJ C 244, 1.10.2004, p. 2.
Zadeva T-152/99 Hamsa, odstavek 168 (poudarek avtorja).
See Commission Decision Anon of 26 July 2004, C(2004)1813 fin, point 47, not yet published, in which the Commission accepts a premium of 0,6 %.
Sporočilo Komisije o uporabi členov 87 in 88 Pogodbe ES o državni pomoči v obliki poroštev (UL C 71, 11.3.2000, str. 14).
Advocate General Opinion in Case C-276/02 Spain v Commission, paragraph 40.
UL C 244, 1.10.2004, str. 2.
Reference and recovery rates in the field of state aid, OJ C 48, 24.2.2005, p. 2.
Glej Odločbo Komisije Anon z dne 26. julija 2004 C(2004)1813 konč., točka 47, ki še ni objavljena, v kateri Komisija sprejme premijo v višini 0,6 %.
OJ L 338, 28.12.1996, p. 42.
Mnenje generalnega pravobranilca v zadevi C-276/02 Španija proti Komisiji, odstavek 40.
Protocol No 8 applies only to restructuring aid in the steel sector, which is any aid that is not compatible under the other EC state aid rules.
UL L 140, 30.4.2004, str. 1.
Page 38.
Referenčne mere in stopnje izterjave na področju državne pomoči UL C 48, 24.2.2005, str. 2.
See Commission letter to Poland dated 13.08.2004, which did not raise any objections to the notified measures, including the Polish regional aid map (C(2004)3230/5).
UL L 338, 28.12.1996, str. 42.
OJ L 10, 13.1.2001, p. 30.
Protokol št. 8 velja samo za pomoč za prestrukturiranje v jeklarskem sektorju, ki je vsaka pomoč, ki ni združljiva v skladu z drugimi pravili državne pomoči ES.
Decision of 3 March 2005, C(2005) 424 — Postponement of capacity reduction of VPFM.
Stran 38. [65] Glej dopis Komisije Poljski z dne 13. avgust 2004, ki ni nasprotoval priglašenim ukrepom, vključno s poljskim načrtom regionalne pomoči (C(2004)3230/5). [66] UL C 72, 10.3.1994, str. 3, ki se uporablja v skladu s členom 3 pravil za pomoč jeklarski industriji (odkar ga je nadomestil UL C 37, 3.2.2001, str. 3). Še posebej ne gre za pomoč za ravnanje z odpadki ali za varčevanje z energijo. [67] UL L 10, 13.1.2001, str. 30.
See Article 3(1)(b) of Council Regulation 139/2004, OJ L 24, 29.1.2004, p. 1.
Odločba z dne 3. marca 2005, C(2005) 424 – Odložitev zmanjšanja zmogljivosti za VPFM. [69] Glej člen 3(1)(b) Uredbe Sveta (ES)št.
Information regarding enforcement of Commission Decision 2006/937/EC
Informacije v zvezi z izvrševanjem Odločbe Komisije 2006/937/ES
Calculation of the amount to be recovered
Izračun zneska, ki se ga povrne
Please provide the following details on the amount of unlawful state aid made available to the recipient:
Prosimo, da zagotovite naslednje podrobnosti o znesku nezakonite državne pomoči, ki je bila na voljo prejemniku:
Date(s) of payment [1]
Datum(i) plačil(a) [1]
Identity of recipient
Identiteta prejemnika
Please explain in detail which is the interest rate your authorities intend to apply for the purposes of recovering the unlawful aid which is deemed to be an appropriate interest rate in Poland for the period from 1997 till May 2004.
Prosimo, podrobno pojasnite, katera je obrestna mera, ki jo bodo vaše oblasti uporabile za namene izterjave protipravne pomoči, ki je primerna obrestna mera na Poljskem v obdobju med 1997 in majem 2004.
Please explain in detail how the interest to be paid on the amount of aid to be recovered will be calculated.
Prosimo, podrobno pojasnite, kako bodo izračunane obresti, ki se jih plača na znesek pomoči, ki ga je treba izterjati.
Please describe in detail what measures have already been taken and what measures are planned to effect an immediate and effective recovery of the aid.
Prosimo, podrobno opišite, kateri ukrepi so že bili sprejeti in kateri ukrepi se načrtujejo za izvršitev takojšnje in učinkovite izterjave pomoči.
Please also explain what alternative measures are available under national law to effect recovery.
Prav tako pojasnite, kateri alternativni ukrepi za izvršitev izterjave so na voljo v skladu z nacionalno zakonodajo.
Please also indicate, where relevant, the legal basis for the measures taken/planned.
Kjer je pomembno, navedite tudi pravno podlago za sprejete/načrtovane ukrepe.
By what date will recovery of the aid be completed?
Do kdaj bo izterjava pomoči zaključena?
Recovery already effected
Izterjava je že izvedena
Please provide the following details on the amounts of aid recovered from the recipient:
Prosimo, navedite naslednje podrobnosti o zneskih pomoči, izterjane od prejemnika:
Please attach information documenting the repayment of the aid amounts specified in the table under point 3.1 above.
Prosimo, priložite informacije, ki dokazujejo povračilo zneskov pomoči, določenih v tabeli pod točko 3.1 zgoraj.
(°) Date(s) on which (individual instalments of) the aid (were)/was made available to the recipient (if a measure comprises several instalments and reimbursements, use separate rows)
(°) Datumi, ko je bila pomoč na voljo prejemniku/Datumi, ko so bili posamezni obroki na voljo prejemniku (če ukrep zajema več obrokov in povračil, uporabi ločene vrste)
Amount of aid made available to the recipient (gross grant equivalent)
Znesek pomoči, ki je bila na voljo prejemniku (bruto ekvivalent dotacije)
(°) Date(s) on which the aid was repaid
(°) Datum(i), ko je bila pomoč povrnjena
In October 2002, HCz leased its production assets to a new company, Huta Stali Częstochowa Sp z o.o.
Oktobra 2002 je HCz svoja proizvodna sredstva dal v zakup novemu podjetju, Huta Stali Częstochowa Sp z o.o.
(hereinafter referred to as ‘HSCz’; see point 2 b).
(v nadaljevanju „HSCz“; glej točko 2b).
Its share capital amounts to PLN 370 million (about EUR 70 million) .
Njen osnovni kapital znaša 370 milijonov PLN (približno 70 milijonov EUR).
The book value of the company assets on 31 December 2003 was PLN 768,5 million (about EUR 160 million).
Knjigovodska vrednost sredstev podjetja je na dan 31. decembra 2003 znašala 768,5 milijona PLN (približno 160 milijonov EUR).
Additional security was requested only for the liabilities deriving from energy supplied by the Polish electricity operator Polskie Sieci Energetyczne S.A. (hereinafter referred to as ‘PSE’).
Dodatna zaščita se je samo zahtevala za obveznosti, nastale iz energije, ki jo je dobavil poljski operater električne energije (Polskie Sieci Energetyczne S.A. (v nadaljevanju „PSE“)).
TFS was asked to sign three guarantee agreements for PLN [...] million each.
Od TFS se je zahtevalo, da podpiše tri garancijske pogodbe, od katerih je vsaka znašala PLN [...].
social insurance contributions (to Zakład Ubezpieczeń Społecznych (hereinafter referred to as ‘ZUS’)) of around PLN [...] million ([...] million restructurable, and [...] million non-restructurable);
prispevke za socialno varnost (zavod Zakład Ubezpieczeń Społecznych (v nadaljevanju „ZUS“)) v približni vrednosti [...] milijonov PLN ([...] milijonov prestrukturljivih in [...] milijonov neprestrukturljivih);
tax on property (to the municipality of Częstochowa) of PLN [...] million;
davek na premoženje (občini Częstochowa) v znesku [...] milijonov PLN;
the coal company (Kompania Węglowa Sp. z o.o.)
premogovno podjetje (Kompania Węglowa Sp. z o.o.)
(PLN [...] million).
([...] milijonov PLN).
% Recovery Bankruptcy
% Izterjava pri stečaju
% Recovery Restructuring
% Izterjava pri prestrukturir
The amount of interest waived is PLN 3369111.On 22 April 1999 the tax office in Częstochowa waived claims of PLN 186809.
Znesek odpovedanih obresti je 3369111 PLN.22. aprila 1999 je davčni urad v Częstochowa odpovedal terjatve v znesku 186809 PLN.
On 5 May 1999 the tax office in Częstochowa waived claims of PLN 151187.On 14 September 1999 the Minister for the Economy granted aid of PLN 3556808 for employment restructuring. On 15 November 1999 Częstochowa City Council waived outstanding claims of PLN 394427 and PLN 305904.
maja 1999 je davčni urad v Częstochowa odpovedal terjatve v znesku 151187 PLN.14. septembra 1999 je minister za gospodarstvo odobril subvencijo v znesku 3556808 PLN za prestrukturiranje zaposlovanja.15. novembra 1999 je mestni svet Częstochowa odpovedal neplačane terjatve v znesku 394427 PLN in 305904 PLN.
Second, it was able to obtain loans from the financial markets without state intervention.
Drugič, bil je zmožen pridobiti posojila od finančnih trgov brez posredovanja države.
Third, the guarantee is linked to a fixed maximum amount and is not open-ended.
Tretjič, poroštvo je vezano na fiksni maksimalni znesek in ni odprto.
Of these costs, PLN 606,800 was allotted to industrial research; the rest went into pre-competitive development activity. The Academy of Sciences now has commercial rights to the R&D programmes.
V skladu s členom 36(1) Zakona iz leta 2001 o proračunu z dne 1. marca 2001 (Uradni list št. 21, točka 246).
OJ C 72, 10.3.1994, p. 3, applied in accordance with Article 3 of the Steel Aid Code (since replaced by OJ C 37 of 3.2.2001, p. 3). In particular it is not aid for waste management or energy savings.
Glede na točko 44 Sporočila Komisije glede določenih vidikov obravnavanja primerov konkurence, ki izhajajo iz izteka Pogodbe ESPJ (UL C 152, 26.6.2002, str. 5) „ob sprejemanju sklepov po 23. juliju 2002 na področju državne pomoči z začetkom veljave na ali pred tem dnem brez predhodne odobritve s strani Komisije, bo Komisija nadaljevala v skladu s sporočilom Komisije o določanju predpisov, ki se nanašajo na ocenjevanje nezakonite državne pomoči.“ To sporočilo (glej UL C 119, 22.5.2002, str. 22) predpisuje, da se mora nezakonita pomoč oceniti v skladu z veljavnim besedilom v času, ko je bila pomoč podeljena.
Pursuant to Point 10 of Protocol No 8 ‘any subsequent changes in the overall restructuring plan and the individual plans must be agreed by the Commission and, where appropriate, by the Council.’ As the Commission decision concerns state aid it is appropriate to refer to the procedural provisions of Article 88 EC and to Regulation No 659/99.
Na podlagi točke 10 Protokola št. 8 „mora vse naknadne spremembe v celotnem načrtu za prestrukturiranje ali posameznih načrtih potrditi Komisija in, kjer je to primerno, Svet.“ Ker odločba Komisije zadeva državno pomoč, je primerno sklicevati se na postopkovne določbe člena 88 Pogodbe ES in na Uredbo št. 659/1999.
Parts of the text have been deleted in order to protect confidential information. These parts are indicated by square brackets: […]
Nekateri deli v tem besedilu zaradi zaupnosti informacij niso razkriti.
Article 1 1. The measures which Poland has implemented for the restructuring of Huta Częstochowa S.A. on the basis of the restructuring decision of 7 August 2003 as amended on 1 December 2003 and 30 April 2004 do not constitute aid within the meaning of Article 87(1) of the Treaty.
Ukrepi, ki jih je Poljska izvajala za prestrukturiranje Huta Częstochowa S.A. na osnovi odločbe o prestrukturiranju z dne 7. avgusta 2003, kakor je bila spremenjena 1. decembra 2003 in 30. aprila 2004, ne predstavljajo pomoči v smislu člena 87(1) Pogodbe ES.
The restructuring plan initially stated that the assets received by Operator had a book value of about PLN 203,3 million. In fact, the exact breakdown of the assets to be transferred to Operator had been renegotiated as representatives of Operator were focusing on assets which would be easy to sell.
Načrt prestrukturiranja je prvotno navajal, da imajo sredstva, ki jih je prejel operater, knjigovodsko vrednost približno 203,3 milijona PLN.Dejansko so potekala pogajanja o natančni razčlenitvi premoženja, ki se bo preneslo na operaterja, saj so se predstavniki operaterja osredotočili na tisto premoženje, ki se ga da enostavno prodati.
on State aid C 40/2005 (ex N 331/2005) which Belgium is planning to give to Ford Genk
o državni pomoči Belgije za Ford Genk C 40/2005 (prej N 331/2005)
(notified under document number C(2006) 2931)
(notificirano pod dokumentarno številko C(2006)2931)
(Only the French and Dutch texts are authentic)
(Besedilo v francoskem in nizozemskem jeziku je edino verodostojno)
Having invited the parties concerned to submit their comments in accordance with the articles referred to above,
po pozivu zainteresiranim strankam, naj predložijo svoje pripombe v skladu za navedenimi členi,
Belgium notified the Commission of the planned aid to Ford in Genk by letter dated 22 June 2005, registered on 27 June 2005.
V dopisu z dne 22. junija 2005, evidentiranem 27. junija 2005, je Belgija Komisiji priglasila načrtovano pomoč za Ford iz Genka.
The Commission requested further information by letter of 27 July 2005, to which the Belgian authorities replied by letter dated and registered on 15 September 2005.
Komisija je dodatne informacije zahtevala v dopisu z dne 27. julija 2005, na katerega so belgijski organi odgovorili v dopisu z dne 15. septembra 2005, evidentiranem istega dne.
By letter of 9 November 2005, the Commission informed Belgium that it had decided to initiate the procedure laid down in Article 88(2) of the EC Treaty in respect of the aid.
V dopisu z dne 9. novembra 2005 je Komisija Belgijo obvestila o svoji odločitvi, da v zvezi z navedeno pomočjo sproži postopek iz člena 88(2) Pogodbe.
A meeting with the Belgian authorities followed on 25 November 2005.
Sestanek z belgijskimi organi je nato potekal 25. novembra 2005.
The Belgian authorities submitted their observations by letter dated and registered on 13 January 2006.
Belgijski organi so svoje pripombe predložili v dopisu z dne 13. januarja 2006, evidentiranem istega dne.
The Commission decision to initiate the procedure was published in the Official Journal of the European Union on 25 February 2006.
Odločitev Komisije, da sproži postopek, je bila 25. februarja 2006 objavljena v Uradnem listu Evropske unije.
The Commission invited interested parties to submit their comments on the measure. However, no comments were received.
Komisija je pozvala zainteresirane stranke, naj predložijo svoje pripombe o zadevnem ukrepu, vendar ni od njih prejela nobene pripombe.
The recipient of the aid is Ford-Werke GmbH, Fabrieken te Genk, Belgium (hereinafter referred to as ‘Ford Genk’), which is part of the Ford Motor Company.
Upravičenec do pomoči je Ford-Werke GmbH, Fabrieken te Genk (v nadaljnjem besedilu „Ford Genk“). Ford-Werke GmbH je del Ford Motor Company.
The plant opened in 1964.
Tovarno so odprli leta 1964.
At the end of 2003, as part of a general restructuring of Ford Europe, there was a significant reduction in staff involving about 3000 employees.
Konec leta 2003 je v okviru splošnega prestrukturiranja družbe Ford Europe utrpela precejšnje zmanjšanje števila zaposlenih, ki je prizadelo približno 3000 delavcev.
At the same time, the company announced an investment programme of some EUR 700 million., primarily devoted to a new flexible manufacturing system.
Hkrati je družba naznanila program naložb v višini približno 700 milijonov EUR, ki so bile v glavnem namenjene za nov prilagodljiv proizvodni sistem.
Under this programme production of the next generation Galaxy and a third model would be added to the current Mondeo production line.
Po tem programu naj bi se tekoči proizvodnji modela Mondeo pridružila proizvodnja nove generacije modela Galaxy in tretjega vozila.
The plant currently employs about 5000 people.
Tovarna ima trenutno približno 5000 zaposlenih.
In 2004 it produced 207163 vehicles.
V letu 2004 so v njej proizvedli 207163 vozil.
In Belgium the Ford group also has a Volvo plant in Ghent.
Skupina Ford je v Belgiji prisotna tudi v Gandu, kjer ima tovarno Volvo.
The training project
Projekt usposabljanja
According to the information provided by Belgium, the training programme's eligible costs total EUR 33,84 million. This figure includes EUR 25,34 million for specific training and EUR 8,5 million for general training.
V skladu s podatki, ki jih je predložila Belgija, skupni upravičeni stroški programa usposabljanja znašajo 33,84 milijona EUR. Ta skupni znesek vključuje elemente posebnega usposabljanja v višini 25,34 milijona EUR in ukrepe splošnega usposabljanja v višini 8,5 milijona EUR.
The eligible costs considered in the programme, and their respective amounts, are:
Upravičeni stroški in njihovi posamezni zneski, upoštevani v programu, so:
Consultancy costs: they cover the provision of training services by external suppliers.
stroški svetovanja: za financiranje storitev zunanjih inštruktorjev;
On-the job-training: cost of the operators when trained on the production line (versatility).
usposabljanje na delovnem mestu: stroški upravljavcev pri usposabljanju na proizvodni liniji (raznolikost znanj).
The workers have to be able to operate at three different positions in the team.
Delavci morajo biti sposobni delati na treh različnih delovnih mestih v skupini.
According to Ford's training objectives, this accounts for 1,35 training days per year on average.
V skladu s Fordovimi cilji usposabljanja to pomeni v povprečju 1,35 dneva usposabljanja na leto;
Lean organisation: cost of the personnel in the team providing training in lean, flexible, and efficient production methods, in line with the new Ford Production System (FPS).
racionalizirana organizacija: stroški dela skupine, ki je odgovorna za usposabljanje o racionaliziranih, prilagodljivih in učinkovitih proizvodnih metodah v skladu z novim Fordovim proizvodnim sistemom („FPS“: Ford Production System);
Off-line personnel costs: cost of the workforce during classroom training.
posredni stroški dela: stroški delovne sile med dejavnostmi usposabljanja v učilnici.
According to Ford's training objectives, this accounts for 1,95 training days per year on average.
V skladu s Fordovimi cilji usposabljanja to pomeni v povprečju 1,95 dneva usposabljanja na leto;
Training enablers: large, glass-enclosed rooms with areas for reading and socialising, containing notice boards for posting up production and quality information.
„prostori za usposabljanje“: zastekljene dvorane s kotički za branje in druženje, opremljene z oglasnimi deskami za informacije v zvezi s proizvodnjo in kakovostjo.
Belgium proposes that the depreciation of these areas be an eligible cost for the period in question as long as they are used for training purposes.
Belgija predlaga, da se amortizacija teh prostorov v zadevnem obdobju uvrsti med upravičene stroške, če se bodo uporabljali za dejavnosti usposabljanja;
Personnel costs of the training department: salaries of the employees in the company's training department who are working for this training programme.
stroški dela službe za usposabljanje: plača zaposlenih v službi za usposabljanje podjetja, ki so odgovorni za ta program usposabljanja;
‘Cascading’: the director of the plant calls a meeting of all the workforce three times a year in order to brief them on the implementation of Ford's ‘lean organisation’ system (‘FPS’).
„verižno“ upravljanje: direktor tovarne trikrat na leto zbere celotno osebje in ga obvesti o izvajanju Fordovega sistema „racionalizirane organizacije“ („FPS“).