natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The same internationally active operators compete on the retail transmission market for viewers.
Isti mednarodno dejavni izdajatelji na maloprodajnem trgu konkurirajo za gledanost.
Compatibility assessment
Presoja združljivosti
Principles to consider when assessing the compatibility of public support for the digital switch-over
Načela, ki jih je treba upoštevati pri presoji državne podpore za digitalni prehod
The Commission actively supports digital switch-over and it has underlined these advantages in the Action Plan eEurope 2005 and in two Communications relating to the digital switch-over [72].
Komisija aktivno podpira digitalni prehod. Te prednosti je poudarila v akcijskem načrtu e-Evropa 2005 in v dveh sporočilih o digitalnem prehodu [72].
In its Communication ‘i2010 — A European Information Society for growth and employment’ [73] the Commission has pointed out that the planned switching off of analogue terrestrial television by 2012 will improve access to spectrum in Europe.
V sporočilu „i2010 – Evropska informacijska družba za rast in zaposlovanje“ [73] je Komisija poudarila, da bo do l. 2012 načrtovana ukinitev analogne prizemne televizije olajšala dostop do spektra v Evropi.
Regulation should neither impose nor discriminate in favour of the use of a particular digital platform such as cable, satellite, terrestrial or DSL TV thus adhering to the principle of ‘technological neutrality’.
Državna ureditev ne sme niti vsiljevati niti podpirati uporabe določene digitalne platforme, kot so kabelski, satelitski in prizemni prenos ter televizija DSL, in mora tako slediti načelu „tehnološke nevtralnosti“.
As stated in the Framework Directive, this does not preclude a Member State from taking proportionate steps to promote certain specific services where this is justified, for example digital television as a means for increasing spectrum efficiency [74].
Kot je navedeno v okvirni direktivi, to državi članici ne preprečuje, da sprejme sorazmerne ukrepe za pospeševanje določenih posebnih storitev, kadar je to upravičeno, kot na primer digitalne televizije kot sredstva za povečevanje učinkovitosti spektra [74].
This means that each platform should in principle compete on its own strengths, but that intervention targeting in correcting market failures that are specific to one platform can be envisaged.
To pomeni, da načeloma vsako omrežje konkurira po svojih najboljših močeh, vendar je mogoče pričakovati tudi posredovanja za odpravljanje tržnih nepopolnosti, ki zadevajo določeno omrežje.
In the end, the platforms should prevail which offer the greatest benefit to consumers.
Nazadnje naj bi se na trgu uveljavila omrežja, ki potrošniku nudijo največjo korist.
The Commission recognises that the digital switch-over may be delayed if the process is left entirely to market forces; hence it has no objection of principle to public intervention in this field.
Komisija priznava, da se lahko digitalni prehod podaljša v primeru, če je popolnoma prepuščen tržnim silam. Zato na tem področju nima nobenih načelnih pomislekov glede posredovanja države.
Public authorities have various means of facilitating and encouraging digital switch-over, for example, regulatory means, financial support or information campaigns.
Državni organi imajo različne možnosti za olajšanje in pospeševanje digitalnega prehoda, na primer regulativna sredstva, finančno podporo ali akcije obveščanja.
In its recent State Aid Action Plan, the Commission explains its general approach to State Aid geared to sustainable growth, competitiveness and cohesion.
V najnovejšem akcijskem načrtu državnih pomoči Komisija pojasnjuje svoj splošni pristop glede državnih pomoči za pospeševanje trajnostne rasti, konkurenčnosti in kohezije.
It points out that Member States may use State Aid to overcome a specific market failure or to ensure social or regional cohesion.
Poudarja, da lahko države članice dodelijo državno pomoč za odpravljanje določene tržne nepopolnosti ali za zagotavljanje socialne in regijske kohezije.
In such cases, it must, however, be shown that aid is the appropriate instrument to address the issue, it is limited to the minimum necessary and does not unduly distort competition [75].
V takšnih primerih pa je treba prikazati, da so pomoči primerno sredstvo za reševanje težave, da so omejene na najmanjšo možno mero in da ne izkrivljajo konkurence neupravičeno [75].
It is generally recognised that the switch to digital television may be hindered by certain market failures.
Splošno priznano je, da lahko prehod na digitalno televizijo ovirajo določene vrste tržnih nepopolnosti.
Moreover, there is a risk that not all parts of the population can benefit from the advantages of digital television (problem of social cohesion).
Poleg tega obstaja nevarnost, da od digitalne televizije ne bodo imeli koristi vsi deli prebivalstva (problem socialne kohezije).
These problems are more acute in the case of terrestrial TV reception than for other platforms because the terrestrial TV network has relatively little capacity and has so far been used in many Member States to fulfil universal coverage obligations.
Ti problemi bolj zadevajo prizemno televizijo kot druge platforme, saj prizemno televizijsko omrežje razpolaga z razmeroma majhno zmogljivostjo in so ga v veliko državah članicah doslej uporabljali za izpolnjevanje obveze o splošni pokritosti.
As explained in more detail in paragraphs 101-107, a market failure might exist, for example, where market players are unwilling to agree to a common timetable to switch to digital TV waiting for others to make the first step (coordination problem) or where market players do not take into account the positive effects of digital switch-over on society as a whole because they do not have the right incentives to do so (positive externalities).
Kot je podrobneje pojasnjeno v odstavkih 101 do 107, tržna nepopolnost obstaja na primer tedaj, ko se udeleženci na trgu niso pripravljeni sporazumeti o skupnem časovnem načrtu za prehod na digitalno televizijo, saj čakajo, da bodo drugi naredili prvi korak (problem usklajevanja), ali ko drugi udeleženci na trgu ne upoštevajo pozitivnega učinka digitalnega prehoda na družbo v celoti, ker za to nimajo prave spodbude (pozitivnih zunanjih učinkov).
With respect to social cohesion, Member States will want to make sure that all citizens have access to digital TV once analogue TV is switched off. Since the digital switch-over entails some costs for consumers and requires a change in habits, Member States may want to assist in particular disadvantaged groups of society such as elderly people, low-income households or people living in peripheral regions.
Glede socialne kohezije bodo države članice želele zagotoviti, da bodo po ukinitvi analogne televizije vsi državljani imeli dostop do digitalne televizije. Ker digitalni prehod za potrošnike prinaša določene stroške in zahteva spremembo navad, bodo države članice morda želele pomagati zlasti prikrajšanim družbenim skupinam, kot na primer starejšim občanom, gospodinjstvom z nizkimi prihodki ali ljudem, ki živijo v obrobnih regijah.
There is a risk that reception of some regional and local programming may be lost in some areas and that some areas in the far north of Europe may lose TV reception altogether once analogue TV is switched off. Member States may therefore also consider measures to ensure that all geographical areas continue to have appropriate TV coverage.
Obstaja nevarnost, da se bo na nekaterih območjih sprejem regionalnega ali lokalnega programa izgubil in da bo skrajni sever Evrope ob ukinitvi analogne televizije popolnoma izgubil televizijski sprejem. Države članice lahko zato sprejmejo ukrepe in zagotovijo, da imajo vsa geografska območja še naprej ustrezen televizijski sprejem.
However, as will be shown below, these considerations do not justify the aid which was given in the present case.
Vendar, kot je prikazano v nadaljevanju, to razmišljanje ne opravičuje pomoči, dodeljene v zadevnem primeru.
Legal bases for the assessment of compatibility
Pravna podlaga za presojo združljivosti
The presence of State Aid in the present case is not called into question by the possible application of the Altmark ruling [76].
Obstoj državne pomoči v zadevnem primeru se ne postavi pod vprašaj z uporabo meril sodbe Sodišča Evropskih skupnosti v zadevi Altmark [76].
None of the four criteria (definition and assignment of the service of general economic interest, ex ante determination of parameters for compensation, no overcompensation and choice of efficient provider) is met.
Noben izmed štirih pogojev (opredelitev in izpolnjevanje obveznih javnih storitev, predhodna določitev parametrov za nadomestilo, ne prekomerna nadomestila in izbira učinkovitega izvajalca storitev) ni izpolnjen.
Germany has, however, invoked Articles 87(3)(c), 87(3)(d) and 86(2) of the EC Treaty to justify the compatibility of the aid.
Zvezna vlada pa je uveljavljala združljivost pomoči v skladu s členoma 87(3)(c) in 87(3)(d) ter členom 86(2) Pogodbe ES.
Article 87(3)(c) of the EC Treaty
Člen 87(3)(c) Pogodbe ES
In its response to the decision to initiate the procedure, Germany argued that the measure was compatible with the EC Treaty since it was in the Community interest as expressed in particular in the Action Plan eEurope 2005 and in the Switch-over Communications [77].
Nemčija v svojih pripombah na odločbo o sprožitvi postopka navaja, da je ukrep združljiv s Pogodbo ES, saj je v interesu Skupnosti, kot se to izraža zlasti v akcijskem načrtu e-Evropa 2005 in v sporočilih o prehodu [77].
Moreover, the mere fact that the measure supports the introduction of a new technology does not make it a project of Community interest.
Golo dejstvo, da ukrep pospešuje uvedbo nove tehnologije, ukrepa ne opredeli kot projekta v interesu Skupnosti.
In addition, Germany has maintained that the Aid promotes the development of an economic sector. It refers to the broadcasting sector in general, which will benefit from the digitisation of the transmission platforms.
Po mnenju Nemčije pomoč pospešuje tudi razvoj določene gospodarske panoge, in sicer sektorja radiodifuzije, ki bo imel koristi od digitalizacije platform za oddajanje signala.
More specifically, the economic activity targeted by the aid could be described as ‘digital transmission of terrestrial television signals’.
Gospodarsko dejavnost, ki jo pomoč podpira, je mogoče natančneje opisati kot „digitalni prenos prizemnega televizijskega signala“.
In order to decide whether the Aid is necessary and proportionate, the Commission has tried to identify the possible presence of market failures in this economic activity.
Za oceno nujnosti in sorazmernosti pomoči je Komisija preverila, ali je pri tej gospodarski dejavnosti mogoče ugotoviti tržno nepopolnost.
Several types of market failure have been suggested.
V poštev pride več vrst tržnih nepopolnosti.
Firstly, the development of digital terrestrial broadcasting may be hampered by a coordination problem between market players.
Prvič, razvoj digitalne prizemne radiofuzije lahko ovirajo problemi usklajevanja med udeleženci na trgu.
Particularly in view of the fact that frequency spectrum is insufficient to transmit analogue and digital TV signals in parallel (the so-called ‘simulcastphase’), all market players must agree on a timetable in order to ensure a short switch-over period.
Ker frekvenčni spekter ne zadošča za istočasni prenos analognih in digitalnih televizijskih signalov („simultano oddajanje“), se morajo vsi udeleženci na trgu dogovoriti o časovnem načrtu, da bi dosegli kar najkrajše roke za prehod.
Secondly, the switch-over may have positive externalities due to the better use of the frequency spectrum, i.e. the social benefit of more channels and services may exceed the private benefit of the incumbent broadcasters in switching since they risk, for example, being exposed to more competition for audience and advertising.
Drugič, prehod lahko zaradi boljše uporabe frekvenčnega spektra prinese pozitivne zunanje učinke: pri uveljavljenih televizijskih postajah družbena korist večje ponudbe programov in storitev v določenih okoliščinah presega zasebno korist prehoda, saj obstaja nevarnost, da bodo izpostavljene močnejši konkurenci za gledanost in oglaševalski čas.
Broadcasters may, therefore, be reluctant to take part in the switch-over.
Televizijske postaje lahko sodelovanje pri prehodu zato odklonijo.
Thirdly, the presence of market power may prevent the market from securing the full benefits of competition between operators and, specifically in the present case, it may prevent that the digitisation of broadcasting transmission is being achieved solely by market forces.
Tretjič, obstoj tržne moči lahko onemogoča, da konkurenca med izdajatelji koristi trgu v polnem obsegu in lahko še zlasti v zadevnem primeru prepreči, da digitalizacijo radiofuzijskega prenosa dosežejo tržne sile same.
Fourthly, since the investment in the infrastructure is not made by the broadcasters, the network operator faces the risk that the commercial broadcasters may withdraw from terrestrial transmission.
Četrtič, ker televizijske postaje niso same investirale v infrastrukturo, omrežnemu operaterju preti nevarnost, da zasebne televizijske postaje odstopijo od prizemnega prenosa.
Indeed, Germany has indicated that ATT was on a declining trend and that broadcasters were considering abandoning this platform.
Nemčija je navedla, da analogni prizemni prenos izgublja na pomembnosti in da televizijske postaje razmišljajo o popolni opustitvi te platforme.
Fifthly, the existence of uncertainty may prevent innovations and the development of new services in this market.
Petič, negotovost lahko ovira inovacije in razvoj novih storitev na tem trgu.
On these points, it should be assessed, firstly, whether these are true market failures which prevent the market from achieving economic efficiency, secondly, whether State Aid is the appropriate remedy for such market failures and, thirdly, whether the aid granted is the minimum necessary to achieve the objective.
V zvezi s temi točkami je, prvič, potrebno oceniti, ali so to dejanske tržne nepopolnosti, ki ovirajo gospodarsko učinkovito delovanje trga, drugič, ali so državne pomoči primerna sredstva za odpravo tržnih nepopolnosti, in tretjič, ali pomoč za odpravo tržnih nepopolnosti ne presega najmanjšega potrebnega zneska.
It is only if these conditions are met that necessity and proportionality, the criteria to be met for approval of the aid under Article 87(3)(c), can be considered to be present.
Le ob izpolnjevanju teh treh pogojev je mogoče govoriti o nujnosti in sorazmernosti pomoči, merilih za odobritev na podlagi člena 87(3)(c) Pogodbe ES.
The coordination problem
Problem usklajevanja
The Commission recognises that the coordination problem between market players may, in principle, represent a ‘market failure’.
Komisija priznava, da je na probleme usklajevanja med udeleženci na trgu načelno mogoče gledati kot na tržno nepopolnost.
The problem arises because broadcasters need to agree on common dates for switching off analogue transmission and for switching on digital transmission so as to overcome the lack of frequency spectrum and to minimise the costs of parallel transmission.
Problem nastaja, ker se morajo televizijske postaje sporazumeti glede skupnih datumov ukinitve analognega prenosa in priklopa digitalnega prenosa, da bi se izognili pomanjkanju frekvenc in v največji možni meri zmanjšali stroške simultanega oddajanja.
Consumers might not be willing to shift to the digital platform until it carries a large number of broadcasters.
Potrošniki bodo analogno platformo morda zamenjali z digitalno šele tedaj, ko bo slednja ponujala zadostno število programov.
Accordingly, broadcasters might wish to await the arrival of other broadcasters before moving to the digital platform themselves.
Nekatere televizijske postaje bodo zato želele počakati, dokler na digitalni platformi ne bodo prisotni še drugi izdajatelji televizijskega programa.
In the absence of coordination, this approach might delay the switch-over.
Brez usklajevanja lahko to čakanje upočasni prehod.
There is therefore an interest in limiting the duration of the simulcast phase and in achieving simultaneous switch-over of broadcasters.
Zato obstaja interes, da je faza simultanega oddajanja čim krajša in da se televizijske postaje vzpodbudi k istočasnem prehodu.
State Aid to reduce the burden of transmission costs does not, however, seem to be the appropriate instrument for addressing this problem.
Vendar se zdi, da državna pomoč za zmanjšanje stroškov oddajanja ni primerno sredstvo za reševanje tega problema.
The broadcasters do not own the frequency spectrum but operate on the basis of licences.
Televizijske postaje niso lastnice frekvenc, temveč jih uporabljajo na podlagi licenc.
The licences for ATT were awarded for a limited period, i.e. seven years in the case of Berlin-Brandenburg.
Licence za analogni prizemni prenos so bile dodeljene za omejeno časovno obdobje, ki je bilo v primeru dežele Berlin-Brandenburg sedem let.
Accordingly, the authorities could have resolved the coordination problem by setting a common expiry date for all analogue licences [78].
Organi bi probleme usklajevanja tako lahko rešili z določitvijo enotnega datuma poteka za vse analogne licence [78].
Positive externalities
Pozitivni zunanji učinki
Accelerating the switch-off process of analogue television in order to reap the benefits of the better use of the freed-up spectrum is, in principle, a valid objective for public intervention.
Pospeševanje prehoda z namenom boljše uporabe sproščenega frekvenčnega spektra lahko načeloma upraviči državno posredovanje.
It should be assessed, however, to what extent public support of broadcasters’ transmission costs is necessary and proportionate to achieve this goal.
Vendar je potrebno preučiti, v kolikšni meri je državna podpora za stroške oddajanja televizijskih postaj nujna in primerna za uresničevanje tega cilja.
Germany has argued that the subsidy is needed to free up the spectrum by compensating CSBs for giving up their ATT licences.
Nemčija je trdila, da je subvencija nujna kot odškodnina zasebnim televizijskim postajam, ki so se odrekle analogni prizemni licenci in tako sprostile frekvenčni spekter.
As explained in more detail in paragraphs 57-61 [79], there are, however, a number of reasons which contradict this line of argument.
Kot je podrobneje pojasnjeno v odstavkih 57 do 61 [79], proti tej utemeljitvi govori vrsta razlogov.
To sum up, the reasons are that Mabb could have limited the ATT licence to the switch-over date; the CSBs present in ATT had already been compensated by the award of DVB-T licences and the subsidy is not conceived or calculated as a compensation payment.
Mabb bi lahko zagotovil, da bi analogne prizemne licence veljale do datuma prehoda; zasebni izdajatelji, prisotni v analogni prizemni televiziji, so že prejeli nadomestilo z dodelitvijo licence DVB-T in subvencija ni bila zasnovana in izračunana kot plačilo nadomestila.
If the aid is assessed not as a compensation payment but as an incentive for the development of an economic activity, it should be considered that transmission costs for DVB-T are generally lower than for the ATT transmission and that DVB-T allows for additional channels and improved services.
Če pomoč ni obravnavana kot plačilo nadomestila temveč kot spodbuda za razvoj določene gospodarske dejavnosti, je treba upoštevati, da so stroški prenosa za DVB-T splošno gledano nižji od stroškov analognega prizemnega prenosa in da je z DVB-T mogoče prenašati več programov in nuditi boljše dodatne storitve.
In any case, Germany has not provided any reasoning or calculations showing that the aid represents the minimum necessary for broadcasters to switch to DVB-T.
Vsekakor pa Nemčija ni predložila pojasnil ali izračunov, iz katerih bi bilo razvidno, da je pomoč omejena na najmanjši znesek, potreben za prehod televizijskih postaj na DVB-T.
It may be added that, by reducing broadcasters’ transmission costs, the aid introduces a distortion in the process of spectrum allocation: the objective of achieving a more efficient use of frequencies implies that those frequencies be allocated in a way that reflects their economic value, without decisions by market operators being affected by the granting of aid.
Potrebno je tudi pripomniti, da pomoč z zmanjšanjem stroškov prenosa za televizijske postaje izkrivlja proces dodelitve frekvenc: namen doseganja učinkovite uporabe frekvenc bi morali doseči tako, da bi frekvence dodelili na način, ki bi odseval njihovo gospodarsko vrednost, ne da bi se na odločitve udeležencev na trgu vplivalo z dodelitvijo pomoči.
To sum up, the Commission considers that, in the present case, aid to broadcasters’ transmission costs is not an appropriate instrument for encouraging a prompt switch-off of analogue terrestrial broadcasting transmission and the release of frequencies.
V splošnem je Komisija mnenja, da v zadevnem primeru pomoči za stroške prenosa televizijskih postaj niso primerno sredstvo za dosego hitre ukinitve analognega prizemnega prenosa in sprostitve frekvenc.
Regulatory intervention in respect of the transmission licences is an example of a less distortive means of achieving the same goal.
Enak cilj bi bilo mogoče doseči z ukrepi, ki manj izkrivljajo konkurenco, na primer z ustreznim regulativnim posredovanjem glede licenc za radiodifuzijo.
Strengthening of competition between transmission platforms
Krepitev konkurence med prenosnimi platformami
Germany has argued that the availability of an additional transmission platform increases competition for the transmission of broadcasting signals and acts as an incentive for the incumbent operators of the other platforms to improve and update services.
Nemčija je navedla, da zagotovitev dodatne prenosne platforme zvišuje konkurenčnost pri prenosu radiodifuzijskih signalov in deluje kot spodbuda za uveljavljene operaterje drugih platform, da izboljšajo in posodobijo svoje storitve.
Germany has, however, not provided convincing evidence that broadcasting transmission in Berlin-Brandenburg is characterised by a structural competition problem or that DVB-T could help in resolving certain market rigidities [81].
Vendar Nemčija ni zagotovila prepričljivih dokazov, da radiodifuzijski prenos v Berlin-Brandenburgu ovirajo strukturni problemi ali da lahko DVB-T pripomore k odpravi določenih togosti trga [81].
Even leaving aside terrestrial transmission, cable and satellite offer a large range of free-to-air television channels and are generally available.
Tudi če ne upoštevamo prizemnega prenosa, ponujata kabelsko in satelitsko omrežje pester izbor brezplačnih televizijskih programov in sta splošno razpoložljiva.
There is also competition among different cable operators for the connection to households.
Poleg tega obstaja za priklop na gospodinjstva konkurenca med različnimi kabelskimi operaterji.
More competition is emerging from television via broadband (e.g. DSL), which is about to establish itself as an additional platform for broadcasting transmission.
Dodatno konkurenco predstavlja televizija prek širokopasovne povezave (npr. DSL), ki se bo uveljavila kot dodatna platforma za radiodifuzni prenos.
In such circumstances, in which the market appears capable of supporting various platforms, use of State Aid to steer the market in a certain direction is not needed and might discourage the development of alternatives such as DSL.
V takšnih okoliščinah – ki očitno dovoljujejo istočasno prisotnost več platform na trgu – uporaba pomoči za usmerjanje trga v določeno smer ni potrebna in bi lahko ovirala razvoj drugih možnosti, kot je DSL.
As noted in the Commission's Switch-over Communication, ‘in principle, each network should compete on its own strengths’ [82].
Kot je navedeno v sporočilu Komisije o prehodu z analogne na digitalno radiodifuzijo (digitalni prehod in ukinitev analogne radiofuzije) [82], „naj bi vsako omrežje načeloma konkuriralo z lastnimi močmi“.
This is to ensure that selective aid does not jeopardise past and future investments in other networks.
S tem naj bi bilo zagotovljeno, da selektivne pomoči ne ogrozijo preteklih in prihodnjih naložb v druga omrežja.