natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
the results of any additional clinical inspections and laboratory tests, which may include non-commercial holdings to determine the risk of LPAI spread, are available;
so na voljo rezultati kakršnih koli dodatnih kliničnih pregledov in laboratorijskih testov, ki lahko vključujejo nekomercialna gospodarstva, za ugotavljanje tveganja širjenja LPAI;
the competent authority is satisfied, based on the outcome of a risk assessment taking into account the epidemiological situation and the results of the laboratory tests referred to in points (a) and (b), that the risk of the spread of LPAI is negligible; such assessment may conclude that in the case of positive serological findings and negative virological findings, the restrictions may be lifted.
je na podlagi rezultatov ocene tveganja ter ob upoštevanju epidemiološkega stanja in rezultatov laboratorijskih testov iz točk (a) in (b) pristojni organ prepričan, da je tveganje širjenja LPAI zelo majhno; na podlagi takšne ocene se lahko zaključi, da se lahko v primeru pozitivnih seroloških ugotovitev in negativnih viroloških ugotovitev omejitve odpravijo.
Measures aimed at avoiding the spread of influenza viruses of avian origin to other species
Ukrepi za preprečitev tveganja širjenja virusov influence aviarnega izvora na druge vrste
Article 47(1) and (6) — Laboratory tests and other measures concerning pigs and other species
Člen 47(1) in (6) – Laboratorijski testi in drugi ukrepi v zvezi s prašiči in drugimi vrstami
When an official veterinarian inspects a holding where pigs are kept, following confirmation of AI, the following measures must be carried out:
Ko uradni veterinar pregleduje gospodarstvo, kjer so prisotni prašiči, je po potrditvi aviarne influence treba izvesti naslednje ukrepe:
A clinical inspection in each production unit, including an evaluation of its clinical history and clinical examinations of the pigs, in particular those that appear sick.
Klinični pregled v vsaki proizvodni enoti, vključno z vrednotenjem njenega preteklega zdravstvenega stanja ter kliničnimi preiskavami prašičev, zlasti tistih, ki so videti bolni.
Nasal/oropharyngeal swabs from at least 60 pigs from each production unit or from all pigs where less than 60 pigs are present in the production unit, must be taken before or on the day the infected poultry or other captive birds are culled.
Bris nosa/žrela vsaj 60 prašičev iz vsake proizvodne enote ali vseh prašičev, če je v proizvodni enoti manj kot 60 prašičev, je treba odvzeti na dan izločanja okužene perutnine ali drugih ptic v ujetništvu ali prej.
At least 60 blood samples must be collected from the pigs, two to four weeks from the date of the cull.
Dva do štiri tedne po izločanju je treba odvzeti vsaj 60 krvnih vzorcev prašičev.
Samples must be collected in such a way that at least one sample is obtained from groups of pigs that are in direct contact with each other.
Vzorce je treba odvzeti tako, da se zagotovi vsaj en vzorec iz vsake skupine prašičev, ki so v neposrednem stiku.
the movement of pigs to other holdings may be authorised if at least 60 nasal/oropharyngeal swabs and 60 blood samples from pigs, from each production unit, 14 days following the date of the positive findings of the presence of AI have given negative results.
Premiki prašičev na druga gospodarstva se odobrijo, če so bili rezultati vsaj 60 brisov nosa/žrela in 60 krvnih vzorcev prašičev iz vsake proizvodne enote 14 dni po pozitivni ugotovitvi prisotnosti aviarne influence negativni.
The movement of pigs to a slaughterhouse may be authorised if at least 60 nasal/oropharyngeal swabs, from each production unit, 14 days following the date of the positive findings of the presence of AI have given negative results.
Premiki prašičev na druga gospodarstva se odobrijo, če so bili rezultati vsaj 60 brisov nosa/žrela iz vsake proizvodne enote 14 dni po pozitivni ugotovitvi prisotnosti aviarne influence negativni.
In the case of inconclusive or positive laboratory results, any further investigations required to exclude the infection or transmission of AI amongst pigs.
V primeru nejasnih ali pozitivnih laboratorijskih rezultatov so potrebne dodatne preiskave za izključitev okužbe z aviarno influenco ali njenega prenosa med prašiči.
Where the official veterinarian has a suspicion that other domestic mammals on the holdings, in particular those with identified susceptibility to infection with AI viruses of H5 and H7 subtypes, may have been in contact with the infected poultry or other captive birds, samples for laboratory tests must be taken.
Če uradni veterinar sumi, da so bili drugi domači sesalci na gospodarstvih, zlasti tisti z ugotovljeno dovzetnostjo za okužbo z virusi aviarne influence podtipov H5 in H7, v stiku z okuženo perutnino ali drugimi pticami v ujetništvu, je treba odvzeti vzorce za laboratorijske teste.
Re-population
Ponovna naselitev
Article 49(3)(b) and (c) — Re-population of holdings
Člen 49(3)(b) in (c) – Ponovna naselitev gospodarstev
When an official veterinarian inspects a commercial holding, which has been re-populated, the following measures must be carried out:
Ko uradni veterinar pregleduje komercialno gospodarstvo, ki je bilo ponovno naseljeno, je treba izvesti naslednje ukrepe:
A clinical inspection in each production unit, including an evaluation of its clinical history and clinical examinations of the poultry or other captive birds, in particular those that appear sick.
Klinični pregled v vsaki proizvodni enoti, vključno z vrednotenjem njenega preteklega zdravstvenega stanja in kliničnimi preiskavami perutnine ali drugih ptic v ujetništvu, zlasti tistih, ki so videti bolne.
Instead of the standard samples, the following samples must be taken from each production unit:
Namesto standardnih vzorcev je treba iz vsake proizvodne enote odvzeti naslednje vzorce:
at least 20 blood samples as soon as the poultry have been placed in the holding except in the case of day-old chicks; if appropriate such sampling may be performed on the holding of origin of the poultry before movement to the holding for re-population;
vsaj 20 krvnih vzorcev takoj, ko se perutnina namesti v gospodarstvo, razen v primeru enodnevnih piščancev; takšno vzorčenje se lahko, če je to primerno, opravi v gospodarstvu, od koder izvira perutnina, preden se perutnina preseli v gospodarstvo za ponovno naselitev;
samples of dead poultry or swabs taken from their carcasses from a maximum of 10 dead birds per week during the 21 day period from the date of the re-population.
vzorci mrtve perutnine ali brisi, odvzeti iz njihovih trupel, od največ 10 mrtvih ptic na teden v obdobju 21 dni od datuma ponovne naselitve.
Where the holding has previously been infected with HPAI 20 tracheal/oropharyngeal and 20 cloacal swabs must also be taken from waterfowl (ducks/geese) from each production unit, if appropriate, within the last week of the 21 day period from the date of re-population.
Kjer je bilo gospodarstvo predhodno okuženo z virusom HPAI, je treba odvzeti 20 brisov sapnika/žrela in 20 kloakalnih brisov vodnih ptic (race/gosi) iz vsake proizvodne enote, če je primerno, v zadnjem tednu 21-dnevnega obdobja od datuma ponovne naselitve.
Where the holding has previously been infected with LPAI, 20 tracheal/oropharyngeal and 20 cloacal swabs and 20 blood samples from each production unit must be taken.
Kjer je bilo gospodarstvo predhodno okuženo z virusom LPAI, je treba iz vsake proizvodne enote odvzeti 20 brisov sapnika/žrela in 20 kloakalnih brisov ter 20 krvnih vzorcev.
Vaccination
Cepljenje
Article 56(2)(i) — Preventive vaccination in poultry or other captive birds
Člen 56(2)(i) – Preventivno cepljenje perutnine ali drugih ptic v ujetništvu
Laboratory tests, as provided for in Chapter IX of Directive 2005/94/EC, must be performed on the vaccinated poultry or other captive birds using approved DIVA assays, where the field virus is known.
Laboratorijske teste iz poglavja IX Direktive 2005/94/ES je treba opraviti na cepljeni perutnini ali drugih pticah v ujetništvu z uporabo odobrenih analiz za razlikovanje med okuženimi in cepljenimi živalmi (DIVA), kadar je divji virus znan.
When sentinel birds are used they must be present in each vaccinated flock, inspected clinically and be tested using the haemagglutination inhibition test (HI).
Kadar se uporabljajo kontrolne ptice, morajo biti prisotne v vsaki cepljeni jati ter klinično pregledane in testirane s testom inhibicije hemaglutinacije (HI).
For that purpose, 20 blood samples from the unvaccinated sentinels in each vaccinated holding must be taken at least every 60 days.
Zato je treba odvzemati po 20 krvnih vzorcev necepljenih kontrolnih ptic v vsakem cepljenem gospodarstvu vsaj vsakih 60 dni.
Annex IX — Requirements for movements of poultry or other captive birds and poultry products applicable in relation to emergency vaccination
Priloga IX – Splošne zahteve za premike perutnine ali drugih ptic v ujetništvu in perutninskih proizvodov, ki se izvajajo v zvezi s cepljenji v nujnih primerih
Strict monitoring measures must be applied to the movement of live poultry and other captive birds and their eggs in order to minimise the risk of a further spread of infection of AI.
Za premik žive perutnine in drugih ptic v ujetništvu ter njihovih jajc je treba uporabiti stroge ukrepe za spremljanje, da se zmanjša tveganje nadaljnjega širjenja okužbe z aviarno influenco.
For that purpose, at the beginning of an emergency vaccination campaign the same monitoring measures must be applied in relation to the movement of live poultry and other captive birds and their eggs in order to minimise the risk of a further spread of AI infection within and out of the vaccination area.
Zato je treba na začetku akcije cepljenja v nujnih primerih uporabiti enake ukrepe za spremljanje v zvezi s premikom žive perutnine in drugih ptic v ujetništvu ter njihovih jajc, da se zmanjša tveganje nadaljnjega širjenja okužbe z aviarno influenco znotraj in zunaj območja cepljenja.
Before the first movement within and out of the vaccination area of hatching eggs and table eggs and thereafter at least every 30 days, the official veterinarian must carry out the following measures:
Uradni veterinar mora pred prvim premikom znotraj in zunaj območja cepljenja valilnih jajc in konzumnih jajc ter potem vsaj vsakih 30 dni izvajati naslednje ukrepe:
a clinical inspection of unvaccinated parent or layer poultry in each production unit, including an evaluation of its clinical history and clinical examinations of the poultry, in particular those that appear sick; the standard samples must be taken from poultry from each production unit; or
klinični pregled necepljenega starša ali nesne perutnine v vsaki proizvodni enoti, vključno z vrednotenjem njenega preteklega zdravstvenega stanja in kliničnimi preiskavami perutnine, zlasti tiste, ki je videti bolna; perutnini iz vsake proizvodne enote je treba odvzeti standardne vzorce; ali
a clinical inspection of vaccinated parent or layer poultry in each production unit, including an evaluation of its clinical history and clinical examinations of the sentinel birds present in those flocks; the standard samples must be taken from those sentinel birds.
klinični pregled cepljenega starša ali nesne perutnine v vsaki proizvodni enoti, vključno z vrednotenjem njenega preteklega zdravstvenega stanja in kliničnimi preiskavami kontrolnih ptic v teh jatah; tem kontrolnim pticam je treba odvzeti standardne vzorce.
For the movement of live vaccinated poultry or other captive birds to other holdings or for the movement of live vaccinated poultry within and out of the vaccination area, the official veterinarian must carry out the following measures:
Uradni veterinar mora za premike žive cepljene perutnine ali drugih ptic v ujetništvu v druga gospodarstva ali za premik žive cepljene perutnine znotraj ali zunaj območja cepljenja sprejeti naslednje ukrepe:
a check of the production and health records of the holding.
preverjanje evidenc proizvodnje in zdravstvenih evidenc gospodarstva;
a clinical inspection in each production unit, including an evaluation of its clinical history and clinical examinations of the poultry or other captive birds within 72 hours prior to the time of departure with particular attention to the sentinel birds;
klinični pregled v vsaki proizvodni enoti, vključno z vrednotenjem njenega preteklega zdravstvenega stanja in kliničnimi preiskavami perutnine ali drugih ptic v ujetništvu v 72 urah pred odvozom, s posebnim poudarkom na kontrolnih pticah;
where the results of the checks and clinical inspection and examinations in (i) and (ii) are not satisfactory, the standard samples must be taken from the sentinels; however, where those results are satisfactory, the following samples must be taken from:
kadar rezultati preverjanj ter kliničnih pregledov in preiskav iz (i) in (ii) niso zadovoljivi, je treba kontrolnim pticam odvzeti standardne vzorce; vseeno je treba, kadar so rezultati zadovoljivi, odvzeti naslednje vzorce:
the vaccinated poultry or other captive birds: at least 20 tracheal/oropharyngeal and 20 cloacal swabs and 20 blood samples for using an appropriate DIVA assay within 72 hours prior to the time of departure, and
cepljeni perutnini ali drugim pticam v ujetništvu: vsaj 20 brisov sapnika/žrela in 20 kloakalnih brisov ter 20 krvnih vzorcev za uporabo ustrezne analize DIVA v 72 urah pred odvozom, in
sentinel birds: 20 tracheal/oropharyngeal and 20 cloacal swabs and 20 blood samples for serology using the HI test prior to the time of departure.
kontrolnim pticam: 20 brisov sapnika/žrela in 20 kloakalnih brisov ter 20 krvnih vzorcev za serologijo s testom HI pred odvozom.
Diagnostic virological tests and evaluation of results
Diagnostični virološki testi in vrednotenje rezultatov
Until the advent and development of molecular-based tests, virus isolation by the inoculation of embryonated fowls' eggs was considered the most sensitive diagnostic test for AI by far and essential for subsequent identification and characterisation of the infecting virus.
Do začetka in razvoja molekularnih testov je izolacija virusa z inokulacijo oplojenih kokošjih jajc veljala za najbolj občutljiv diagnostični test na aviarno influenco, ki je bistven za nadaljnjo identifikacijo in karakterizacijo infektivnega virusa.
The essential steps are set out in this Chapter.
Temeljni koraki so opredeljeni v tem poglavju.
Sample processing
Obdelava vzorca
Swabs if submitted ‘dry’ must be placed in sufficient antibiotic medium to ensure full immersion.
Če se brisi oddajo „suhi“, jih je treba prenesti v zadostno količino gojišča z antibiotiki, da so povsem potopljeni.
Samples may be pooled in batches in batches of five provided they are derived from the same species, time and epidemiological unit.
Vzorci se lahko združujejo v pakete po pet, če pripadajo istim vrstam in epidemiološki enoti ter so bili odvzeti v istem obdobju.
Carcases submitted to the laboratory must be subjected to post mortem examination and samples of the following organs must be taken: faeces or intestinal contents, brain tissue, trachea, lungs, liver, spleen and other obviously affected organs.
Na truplih, oddanih v laboratorij, je treba opraviti obdukcijo in odvzeti vzorce naslednjih organov: iztrebkov ali črevesnih vsebin, možganskega tkiva, sapnika, pljuč, jeter, vranice in drugih očitno okuženih organov.
Those organs and tissues may be pooled, but separate treatment of faecal material is essential.
Te organe in tkiva je mogoče združevati, vendar pa je pomembno, da se iztrebki obravnavajo ločeno.
Faeces samples and organs must be homogenised (in an enclosed blender or using a pestle and mortar and sterile sand) in antibiotic medium and made to 10 to 20 % w/v suspensions in the medium.
Vzorce iztrebkov in organov je treba homogenizirati (v zaprtem mešalcu ali z uporabo terilnice, pestiča in sterilnega peska) v gojišču z antibiotiki in jih tam razredčiti v suspenzijo s koncentracijo 10–20 % m/v.
The immersed swabs and suspensions must be left for approximately two hours at ambient temperature (or longer periods at 4 oC) and then clarified by centrifugation (for example, 800 to 1000 x g for 10 minutes).
Potopljeni brisi in suspenzije se približno dve uri pustijo na sobni temperaturi (ali dalj časa na 4 °C), potem pa očistijo s centrifugiranjem (na primer 10 minut na 800 do 1000 × g).
Virus isolation in embryonated fowls' eggs
Izolacija virusa v oplojenih kokošjih jajcih
The clarified supernatant fluid must be inoculated in 0,1 to 0,2 ml amounts into the allantoic cavity of each of a minimum of four embryonated fowls' eggs that have been incubated for nine to 11 days.
Po 0,1–0,2 ml očiščenega supernatanta se inokulira v alantoično votlino vsakega od najmanj štirih oplojenih kokošjih jajc, ki so bila inkubirana 9 do 11 dni.
Ideally, these eggs must be obtained from a specific pathogen free (SPF) flock, but when this is impracticable eggs obtained from a flock shown to be free of antibodies to AI (serum antibody negative — SAN), may be used.
V idealnem primeru ta jajca izvirajo iz jate brez specifičnih povzročiteljev bolezni (SPF), če to ni izvedljivo, je sprejemljiva uporaba jajc iz jate, za katero je dokazano, da v njej ni protiteles proti virusu aviarne influence (negativna protitelesa v serumu – SAN).
The inoculated eggs must be held at 37 oC and candled daily.
Inokulirana jajca se hranijo na 37 °C in se dnevno pregledajo s presvetljevanjem.
Eggs with dead or dying embryos as they arise, and all remaining eggs six days after inoculation must be chilled to 4 oC and the allantoic- amniotic fluids tested for haemagglutination activity.
Jajca z mrtvimi ali umirajočimi embriji, ko se pojavijo, in vsa ostala jajca je treba šest dni po inokulaciji ohladiti na 4 °C ter izvesti preskus pojava hemaglutinacije v alantoisno-amniotski tekočini.
If no haemagglutination is detected, this procedure must be repeated using undiluted allantoic/amniotic fluid as inoculum.
Če se hemaglutinacija ne odkrije, se ta postopek ponovi, kot inokulat pa se uporabi nerazredčena alantoisno-amniotska tekočina.
When haemagglutination is detected the presence of bacteria must be excluded by culture.
Če se hemaglutinacija odkrije, je treba z gojiščno preiskavo izključiti prisotnost bakterij.
If bacteria are present, the fluids may be passed through a 450 nm membrane filter, further antibiotics added and inoculated into embryonated eggs as above.
Če so bakterije prisotne, se lahko tekočine filtrirajo skozi 450-nm membranski filter, dodajo se jim antibiotiki in se inokulirajo v oplojena jajca, kot je opisano zgoraj.
To expedite diagnosis some laboratories have used two 3-day passages or 2-day and 4-day passages and reported comparable results to two 6-day passages, but this has not yet been fully evaluated.
Za pospešitev diagnoze so nekateri laboratoriji uporabljali 3-dnevne prehode ali 2- in 4-dnevne prehode ter poročali o primerljivih rezultatih s 6-dnevnimi prehodi, vendar to še ni bilo v celoti ovrednoteno.
Positive fluids need to be tested for freedom from bacteria.
Pozitivne tekočine je treba testirati na odsotnost bakterij.
If bacteria are present the fluids may be passed through a 450-nm membrane filter or centrifuged to remove bacteria and re-passaged in eggs after the addition of more antibiotics.
Če so bakterije prisotne, se lahko tekočine filtrirajo skozi 450-nm membranski filter ali se centrifugirajo za odstranitev bakterij in se ponovno vnesejo v jajca, potem ko se jim doda več antibiotikov.
Preliminary differentiation
Predhodna diferenciacija
As it is important that control measures aimed at limiting the spread of the AI virus must be implemented as soon as possible, each national reference laboratory that has isolated a haemagglutinating virus must be in a position to identify it if it is an influenza A virus of H5 or H7 subtype or Newcastle disease virus.
Ker je pomembno, da se ukrepi nadzora, namenjeni omejevanju širjenja virusa aviarne influence, izvedejo čim prej, mora biti vsak nacionalni referenčni laboratorij, ki je izoliral hemaglutinirajoči virus, sposoben določiti, ali je to virus influence A podtipa H5 ali H7 ali virus atipične kokošje kuge.
The haemagglutinating fluids must be used in haemagglutination inhibition tests as described in Chapter IX.
Hemaglutinirajoče tekočine je treba uporabljati v testih inhibicije hemaglutinacije, kot je opisano v poglavju IX.
Positive inhibition, such as a titre within 2 to 3 log2 of a positive control, with polyclonal antisera specific for H5 or H7 subtypes of influenza A may serve as a preliminary identification enabling the imposition of interim control measures.
Pozitivna inhibicija, kot je titer znotraj 2–3 log2 pozitivne kontrole, s poliklonskimi antiserumi, specifičnimi za podtipa H5 ali H7 virusa influence A, se lahko uporabi kot predhodna identifikacija, ki omogoča uvedbo začasnih nadzornih ukrepov.
Confirmatory identification
Potrditev
Since there are 16 haemagglutinin subtypes and 9 neuraminidase subtypes of influenza viruses and variations occur within each of these it is neither practicable nor cost effective for each national reference laboratory to hold antisera that may allow a full subtype identification of influenza isolates.
Ker obstaja 16 hemaglutininskih podtipov in 9 nevraminidaznih podtipov virusov influence in ker se pri vsakem od njih pojavljajo variacije, ni ne izvedljivo ne stroškovno učinkovito, da bi imel vsak nacionalni referenčni laboratorij antiserume, ki bi omogočali popolno identifikacijo podtipa izolatov influence.
However, each national reference laboratory must as a minimum:
Vseeno mora vsak nacionalni referenčni laboratorij vsaj:
confirm that the isolate is an influenza A virus using an immunodoublediffusion test to detect group antigens;
z dvodimenzionalnim imunodifuzijskim testom za odkrivanje skupinskih antigenov potrditi, da je izolat virus influence A;
determine whether or not the isolate is of H5 or H7 subtype, positive identification requires implementation of the control measures for LPAI of H5 and H7 subtypes;
ugotoviti, ali je izolat kateri od podtipov H5 ali H7; pozitivna identifikacija zahteva izvajanje nadzornih ukrepov za podtipa H5 in H7 virusa LPAI;
immediately submit all HPAI and all H5 and H7 isolates to the Community reference laboratory for confirmation and full characterisation, unless a derogation is granted in accordance with point (d).
takoj oddati vse izolate HPAI ter H5 in H7 referenčnemu laboratoriju Skupnosti za potrditev in popolno karakterizacijo, razen če se v skladu s točko (d) dovoli odstopanje.
In addition it is desirable in laboratories with appropriate facilities to:
Razen tega je zaželeno, da se v laboratorijih z ustreznimi zmogljivostmi:
carry out an intravenous pathogenicity index test in six-week-old chickens as set out in Chapter VII.
opravi test za določanje intravenoznega indeksa patogenosti pri šesttedenskih piščancih, kot je opisano v poglavju VII.
Intravenous pathogenicity indices of greater than 1,2 indicate the presence of virus requiring a full implementation of control measures for HPAI.
Intravenozni indeksi patogenosti, ki so višji kot 1,2, kažejo na prisotnost virusa, ki zahteva celovito izvajanje nadzornih ukrepov za HPAI.
National reference laboratories must also consider putting in place expertise and equipment that allow nucleotide sequencing of the haemagglutinin gene to determine whether or not there are multiple basic amino acids at the cleavage site of the haemagglutinin precursor protein for any LPAI H5 or H7 virus.
Nacionalni referenčni laboratoriji morajo razmisliti tudi o pridobitvi strokovnega znanja in nameščanju opreme, ki omogoča nukleotidno sekvenciranje gena za hemaglutinin, da se ugotovi, ali so na cepitvenem mestu beljakovine hemaglutinina za virus LPAI H5 ali H7 razne esencialne aminokisline.