natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The Dutch authorities submitted documents showing that although the health effects of the various sub-fractions and various sources of particulate matter is not entirely clear, recent epidemiological and toxicological studies showed that particles generated by combustion processes, such as soot from diesel engines, are particularly important in terms of health effects.
Nizozemski organi so predložili dokumente, ki ugotavljajo, da so nedavne epidemiološke in toksikološke študije pokazale – čeprav učinki različnih delov in virov emisij trdnih delcev na zdravje niso popolnoma jasni –, da delci, ki nastajajo pri procesih zgorevanja, kot so saje iz dizelskih motorjev, pomembno vplivajo na zdravje.
Primary combustion derived particles have especially harmful effects on health because of their composition (presence of transitional metals and reactive organic compounds) and because of their very small size.
Delci iz primarnega zgorevanja imajo zaradi svoje sestave (prisotnost prehodnih kovin in reaktivnih organskih spojin) in izjemne majhnosti še posebno škodljive učinke na zdravje.
Due to their small size, combustion derived particles have the potential to sidestep the human body's protective mechanisms and penetrate into the blood stream and various tissues.
Zaradi svoje majhnosti se lahko delci iz primarnega zgorevanja izognejo zaščitnim mehanizmom človeškega telesa in prodrejo v krvni obtok in različna tkiva.
The Dutch authorities point to the fact that epidemiological studies on large scale populations have been unable to identify a threshold concentration below which ambient particulate matter has no effect on mortality and morbidity.
Nizozemski organi opozarjajo na dejstvo, da epidemiološke študije na velikem številu prebivalcev niso mogle ugotoviti mejne vrednosti koncentracije, pod katero trdni delci v zraku ne vplivajo na umrljivost in obolevnost.
The Dutch authorities consider that although it is currently not possible to sufficiently quantify the health impacts of particulate matter, on grounds of protection of the health of the Dutch population and on the basis of the precautionary principle, it is essential to act as swiftly as possible to reduce by the greatest possible extent exposure to traffic-generated soot particles.
Čeprav trenutno ni mogoče zadostno količinsko prikazati učinkov trdnih delcev na zdravje, nizozemski organi menijo, da je za varovanje zdravja prebivalcev Nizozemske in za načelo previdnosti bistvenega pomena kar najhitreje ukrepati, da bi se v največji možni meri zmanjšala izpostavljenost sajastim delcem iz prometa.
In the Dutch authorities’ view, recent scientific studies show that susceptible population groups are subject to higher health risks associated with particulate matter.
Po mnenju nizozemskih organov nedavne znanstvene raziskave kažejo, da so občutljive skupine prebivalcev izpostavljene večjemu tveganju za zdravje zaradi trdnih delcev.
These groups comprise those who are innately more susceptible to the effects of exposure to particulate matter (e.g. those with genetic predisposition, very young children, aged people, people with respiratory disorders and lung diseases), those who become more susceptible as a result of environmental or social factors or personal behaviour and those who are exposed to unusually large amounts of air pollutants as a result of living near a main road or spending long hours outdoors.
Te skupine obsegajo tiste ljudi, ki so po svoji naravi bolj občutljivi na učinke izpostavljenosti emisijam trdnih delcev (npr. ljudje z genetsko nagnjenostjo, zelo majhni otroci, starejši, ljudje z obolenji dihalnih poti in pljuč), ljudi, ki so postali bolj občutljivi zaradi okoljskih ali socialnih dejavnikov oziroma osebnega vedenja, ter ljudi, ki so izpostavljeni neobičajno velikim količinam onesnaževal zraka zaradi prebivanja blizu glavne ceste ali preživljanja časa na prostem.
Due to the fact that in the Netherlands a large proportion of the population is living in an urban environment and near busy roads, the Dutch authorities claim that the health risk related to particle matter for the population is considerable.
Glede na to, da velik del prebivalcev Nizozemske živi v mestih in ob glavnih cestah, nizozemski organi trdijo, da je tveganje za zdravje prebivalcev zaradi emisij trdnih delcev veliko.
The Commission notes that the environmental and health effects related to particulate matter concentrations were already known to a certain extent before the adoption of Directive 98/69/EC.
Komisija ugotavlja, da so bili učinki v zvezi s koncentracijami trdnih delcev na okolje in zdravje do določene mere znani že pred sprejetjem Direktive 98/69/ES.
There was already an impression that smaller particles had more significant impacts on health than coarse particles.
Zdelo se je, da imajo manjši delci večji učinek na zdravje kot grobi delci.
However, few studies on this issue were available.
Vendar pa je bilo o tej problematiki na voljo le malo študij.
Since then, a large number of new epidemiological studies on many aspects of exposure and health effects of particulate matter have been completed showing in particular evidence to conclude that fine particles are more hazardous than larger ones [8].
Od takrat je bilo izvedenih veliko število novih epidemioloških študij o različnih vidikih izpostavljenosti in učinkih emisij trdnih delcev na zdravje, ki so zlasti pokazale, da so majhni delci nevarnejši od večjih [8].
The availability of such new studies led the World Health Organisation to produce updates of its ‘Air Quality Guidelines for Europe’ for particulate matter in 2000, 2003 and 2004 [9].
Te nove študije so Svetovni zdravstveni organizaciji omogočile, da posodobi svoje „Smernice o kakovosti zraka v Evropi“ za emisije trdnih delcev leta 2000, 2003 in 2004 [9].
In the light of the foregoing, it would appear that the Netherlands has provided new scientific evidence relating to the protection of the environment as required by Article 95(5) of the EC Treaty.
Glede na zgoraj navedeno bi se zdelo, da je Nizozemska zagotovila nova znanstvena spoznanja o varstvu okolja, kot zahteva člen 95(5) Pogodbe ES.
This scientific evidence was not available at the time of adoption of Directive 98/69/EC.
Ta nova znanstvena spoznanja ob sprejetju Direktive 98/69/ES niso bila na voljo.
Problem specific to the Netherlands arising after the adoption of Directive 98/68/EC
Problem, ki je specifičen za Nizozemsko in je posledica sprejetja Direktive 98/68/ES
The Dutch authorities take the view that the Netherlands is facing a specific problem that has arisen after the adoption of Directive 98/69/EC.
Nizozemski organi menijo, da se Nizozemska spopada s specifičnim problemom, ki je posledica sprejetja Direktive 98/69/ES. Prvič, organi trdijo, da se Nizozemska približno leto in pol spopada s težavami glede usklajenosti z Direktivo 99/30/ES. Drugič, organi ugotavljajo, da se je zaradi višjih cen bencina, večje izbire dizelskih modelov avtomobilov in močno izboljšane zmogljivosti in večje učinkovitosti porabe goriva dizelskih motorjev število dizelskih avtomobilov na Nizozemskem povečalo.
The share of diesel cars has risen from up from below 15 % in 1995 to around 25 % now.
Delež dizelskih avtomobilov se je zvišal z manj kot 15 % leta 1995 na okoli sedanjih 25 %.
All of these factors have meant that the full extent of the air quality problem was not realised until after 1998.
Zaradi vseh teh dejavnikov je resnost problema glede kakovosti zraka nastopila šele po letu 1998.
According to the Dutch authorities, particulate matter is a cause of major concern in the Netherlands because of the high population density and a more highly concentrated infrastructure than in other European countries.
Nizozemski organi so zelo zaskrbljeni zaradi emisij trdnih delcev zaradi velike gostote naseljenosti in večje koncentracije infrastrukture, kot jo imajo druge evropske države.
They take the view that the Netherlands occupies a special position in Europe by virtue of its intensive use of space, with high density of people, cattle, traffic and industry.
Menijo, da ima Nizozemska poseben položaj v Evropi zaradi svoje intenzivne izrabe prostora, velike gostote ljudi, domačih živali, prometa in industrije.
In their view, this situation leads to high emissions per square kilometre.
Po njihovem mnenju take okoliščine povzročajo velike emisije na kvadratni kilometer.
Furthermore, the Dutch authorities claim that the Netherlands has to cope with a major amount of pollution from abroad.
Poleg tega nizozemski organi trdijo, da se mora Nizozemska spopadati z velikim delom onesnaževanja iz tujine.
In particular, 45 % of the particulate matter concentration in the Netherlands is caused by human activity, of which two thirds is generated abroad.
45 % koncentracije trdnih delcev na Nizozemskem nastane zaradi človeške dejavnosti, od katerih dve tretjini nastaneta v tujini.
However, in urban areas, the anthropogenic contribution from sources in the Netherlands is 30-45 %, with traffic being a significant source.
Kljub temu je na mestnih območjih antropogeni delež iz virov na Nizozemskem 35–40 %, pri čemer je promet pomemben vir.
The Dutch authorities claim that air quality in many areas of the Netherlands does not comply with the European limit values for particulate matter as set out in Directive 99/30/EC.
Nizozemski organi trdijo, da kakovost zraka na mnogih območjih Nizozemske ne ustreza evropskim mejnim vrednostim za trdne delce, kot jih določa Direktiva 99/30/ES.
Though particulate matter emissions in the Netherlands have declined sharply between 1990 and 2003, according to the Dutch authorities, due to the high volume of traffic and the high concentration of people and buildings in the Netherlands, this decrease is not enough to combat the negative health effects of excessive particulate matter emissions and to implement the European air quality limit values.
Čeprav so se emisije trdnih delcev med letoma 1990 in 2003 na Nizozemskem močno zmanjšale – po mnenju nizozemskih organov zaradi visoke gostote prometa, ljudi in zgradb –, pa to zmanjšanje ni dovolj za boj proti negativnim učinkom prekomerne emisije trdnih delcev na zdravje in za uveljavitev evropskih mejnih vrednosti kakovosti zraka.
According to the Dutch authorities, of the overall domestic particulate matter emissions, around a third comes from traffic, another third from industry and approximately a quarter from agriculture.
Po mnenju nizozemskih organov tretjino vseh domačih emisij trdnih delcev povzroči promet, naslednjo tretjino industrija in približno četrtino kmetijstvo.
Particles from exhaust gases are among the most harmful of all particulate matter.
Delci iz izpušnih plinov so med najbolj škodljivimi trdnimi delci.
Traffic subjects people to major exposure, due to its emissions occurring in close proximity to residential areas and other sensitive land uses.
Ljudje so najbolj izpostavljeni prometu zaradi emisij, ki nastajajo v bližini naselij in drugih občutljivih območij.
In the documents titled ‘Environmental balance 2005’ (Milieubalans 2005) and ‘Particulate matter: a closer look’ (Fijn stof nader bekeken) annexed to their notification, the Dutch authorities stress that concentrations of particulate matter in the air exceed European air quality standards to a considerable extent across wide areas of the Netherlands.
V dokumentih z naslovoma „Okoljsko ravnotežje 2005“ (Milieubalans 2005) in „Trdni delci: natančnejši pregled“ (Fijn stof nader bekeken), priloženih k uradnemu obvestilu, nizozemski organi poudarjajo, da koncentracije trdnih delcev v zraku na obsežnih območjih Nizozemske v veliki meri presegajo evropske standarde kakovosti zraka.
The Dutch authorities note that the daily air quality limits for particulate matter will still be exceeded on a large scale in 2010.
Nizozemski organi ugotavljajo, da bodo dnevne mejne vrednosti kakovosti zraka za trdne delce leta 2010 še vedno v veliki meri presežene.
On the contrary, breaches of the annually averaged standard for particulate matter occur hardly at all.
Nasprotno pa letni povprečni standard za trdne delce ni praktično nikoli presežen.
The Dutch authorities note that violations of the limit values laid down in Directive 99/30/EC have been observed in nearly all European cities.
Nizozemski organi opažajo, da so bile kršitve mejnih vrednosti iz Direktive 99/30/ES ugotovljene v skoraj vseh evropskih mestih.
However, the violations in the Netherlands, Belgium, the Ruhr district of Germany and the industrialised area of northern Italy take place over a larger geographical area than in other Member States.
Kljub temu pa do kršitev na Nizozemskem, v Belgiji, nemškem Porurju in industrijskih območjih severne Italije prihaja na večjih geografskih območjih kot v ostalih državah članicah.
The Dutch authorities note that it is impossible to draw far-reaching conclusions from this information without considering the exact situation and size of the zones in the various countries.
Nizozemski organi ugotavljajo, da iz teh podatkov ni mogoče natančno sklepati, ne da bi upoštevali točnega stanja in velikosti območij v različnih državah.
The Dutch authorities also note that determination of air quality in the Netherlands takes place with a high level of detail by employing detailed planning modelling alongside the prescribed measurements.
Nizozemski organi tudi ugotavljajo, da se ocenjevanje kakovosti zraka na Nizozemskem izvaja zelo natančno, in sicer z uporabo podrobnih modelov prostorskega načrtovanja poleg predpisanih meritev.
However, only a limited number of EU countries also use models; most countries on the contrary, only use measurements of air quality.
Vendar samo še nekaj držav EU uporablja modele; večina držav tako uporablja samo meritve kakovosti zraka.
It is also possible that some of the differences can be explained by differences in the correction factors used.
Možno je tudi, da se lahko nekatere razlike pojasnijo z razlikami v uporabi korekcijskih faktorjev.
The Netherlands, for example, increases the measured result by a factor of 1.33.
Nizozemska na primer poveča dobljeni rezultat s faktorjem 1,33.
According to the Dutch authorities, a number of countries follow the indications provided by the European Commission and use a correction factor of 1.3.
Po mnenju nizozemskih organov številne države upoštevajo navodila Evropske komisije in uporabljajo faktor 1,3.
Most countries use lower correction factors or no correction factor at all.
Večina držav uporablja nižje korekcijske faktorje ali sploh nobenih.
Moreover, not all countries model their air quality down to street levels.
Vse države poleg tega ne prilagajajo kakovosti zraka na ulične vrednosti.
According to the Dutch authorities, the number of hotspots in the countries that do not model their air quality at the street level is possibly underestimated.
Po mnenju nizozemskih organov je število območij v državah, ki ne prilagajajo kakovosti zraka na ulično raven, verjetno podcenjeno.
Finally, the Dutch authorities point to their specific legal situation.
Nizozemski organi nenazadnje opozarjajo na svoj poseben pravni položaj.
The Air Quality Decree, which entered into force in 2001, has put in place a legal regime whereby construction and expansion plans can be blocked or modifications to the plans can be required if these are likely to have detrimental effects on air quality.
Odlok o kakovosti zraka, ki je začel veljati leta 2001, je vzpostavil pravni režim, s katerim se lahko zaustavijo gradbeni in širitveni načrti ali pa se zahtevajo spremembe načrtov, če imajo ti lahko škodljiv vpliv na kakovost zraka.
Following the implementation of this regime, more than 40 objections to spatial developments plans have been lodged with various judicial authorities, including the Council of State, due to possible conflicts with the Air Quality Decree.
Po začetku uveljavitve tega režima so sodni organi, vključno z državnim svetom, prejeli več kot 40 ugovorov v zvezi z razvojnim prostorskim načrtovanjem zaradi možnega navzkrižja z Odlokom o kakovosti zraka.
In one third of these cases, the Council of State nullified the plan.
V tretjini primerov je državni svet razveljavil načrt.
The Commission notes that the percentage contribution of transboundary transport of particulate matter in the Netherlands is high though not higher than in other Benelux countries [10].
Komisija ugotavlja, da je odstotni delež prenosa trdnih delcev prek meja na Nizozemskem visok, vendar ne višji kot v ostalih državah Beneluksa [10].
The Commission also notes that the Netherlands is characterised, in comparison to other Member States, by considerably higher particulate matter emissions derived from inland waterway shipping and maritime transport [11].
Komisija tudi ugotavlja, da so za Nizozemsko v primerjavi z drugimi državami članicami značilne znatno višje emisije trdnih delcev iz ladijskega prometa po notranjih plovnih poteh ter pomorskega prometa [11].
It should also be noted that the large port at Rotterdam is not a predominant source of particulate matter, but has a significant influence on activities and transport in and around the Netherlands [10] See TNO report, p. 5.
Prav tako je treba opozoriti, da veliko pristanišče Rotterdam ni prevladujoči vir emisij trdnih delcev, ima pa znaten vpliv na dejavnosti in promet na Nizozemskem in okoli nje [10] Glej Poročilo TNO, str. 5.
The annual reports under Council Directive 96/62/EC indicate that the Netherlands had no especially high exceedance problems in 2003 compared to other Member States (such as Belgium, Austria, Greece, the Czech Republic, Lithuania, Slovenia and Slovakia).
Letna poročila v okviru Direktive Sveta 96/62/ES navajajo, da leta 2003 Nizozemska ni imela posebnih težav s preseganjem vrednosti v primerjavi z drugimi državami članicami (kot na primer Belgijo, Avstrijo, Grčijo, Češko, Litvo, Slovenijo in Slovaško).
Since the Netherlands has not submitted official data yet for 2004, it is not possible to compare the air quality situation in the Netherlands with that in other Member States in 2004.
Ker Nizozemska še ni predložila uradnih podatkov za leto 2004, ni mogoče primerjati stanja kakovosti zraka na Nizozemskem s stanjem v drugih državah članicah leta 2004.
Moreover, the Commission notes that very recently (March 2006) the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency NMP has published a re-evaluation of the PM10 levels, indicating that the levels of PM10 are 10-15 % lower than previously assumed.
Poleg tega Komisija ugotavlja, da je nizozemska Agencija za presojo vplivov na okolje NMP pred nedavnim (marca 2006) objavila ponovno oceno ravni PM10, kjer navaja, da so ravni PM10 za 10 do 15 % nižje od predhodnih domnev.
This decrease depends on the location in the Netherlands, and tends to be larger in rural areas than in cities.
Ta upad je odvisen od kraja na Nizozemskem in kaže, da je višji na podeželju kot v mestih.
According to the NMP report, the number of areas where the air quality limit values will be exceeded will be halved in 2010 in comparison with 2005 and in 2015 in comparison to 2010.
V skladu s poročilom NMP se bo število območij, kjer bodo mejne vrednosti kakovosti zraka presežene, leta 2010 v primerjavi z letom 2005 prepolovilo, kakor tudi leta 2015 v primerjavi z letom 2010.
Based on the annual reports for 2003 and taking into account the new information transmitted by the Dutch government and contained in the NMP report, it would seem that there is considerable doubt as to the existence of a specific problem in the Netherlands compared to other Member States in the compliance with the limit values laid down in the Air Quality Directive.
Na podlagi letnih poročil za leto 2003 in ob upoštevanju novih podatkov, ki jih je poslala nizozemska vlada in se nahajajo v poročilu NMP, se zdi, da obstaja resen dvom v zvezi s prisotnostjo specifičnega problema na Nizozemskem v primerjavi z drugimi državami članicami glede izpolnjevanja mejnih vrednosti iz Direktive o kakovosti zraka.
In particular, the level of total emissions of particles (PM10 and PM2.5) per square kilometre in the Netherlands is only half of that in Belgium [11] See TNO report, p. 31.
Zlasti raven vseh emisij trdnih delcev (PM10 in PM2.5) na kvadratni kilometer na Nizozemskem predstavlja samo polovico ravni v Belgiji [11] Glej Poročilo TNO, str. 31.
More specifically, it is doubtful whether there is a specific problem with regard to Directive 98/69/EC.
Natančneje, poraja se dvom, ali obstaja specifičen problem v zvezi z Direktivo 98/69/ES.
As stated in section 40 above, the Netherlands is characterised by considerably higher than average particulate matter emission derived from inland waterway shipping and maritime transport.
Kot je navedeno v oddelku 40 zgoraj, je za Nizozemsko značilna znatno višja emisija trdnih delcev od povprečnih iz ladijskega prometa po notranjih plovnih poteh ter pomorskega prometa.
Moreover, the share of diesel vehicles in the Netherlands is considerably lower (25 % of new sales) than the EU average (around 50 % of new sales).
Poleg tega je delež dizelskih vozil na Nizozemskem znatno nižji (25 % prodaje novih vozil) od povprečja ES (okoli 50 % prodaje novih vozil).
It is therefore questionable whether there is a specific problem with regard to particulate matter emission derived from motor vehicles covered by Directive 98/69/EC.
Zato je vprašljivo, ali obstaja specifičen problem v zvezi z emisijo trdnih delcev iz motornih vozil v okviru Direktive 98/69/ES.
The Commission therefore considers that the Netherlands has failed to show the existence of a specific problem with regard to Directive 98/69/EC.
Komisija zato meni, da Nizozemska ni uspela dokazati prisotnosti specifičnega problema v zvezi z Direktivo 98/69/ES.
Assessment of the conditions under Article 95(6) of the EC Treaty
Ocena pogojev v skladu s členom 95(6) Pogodbe ES
Article 95(6) of the EC Treaty obliges the Commission to verify that the notified national provisions are not a means of arbitrary discrimination or a disguised restriction on trade between Member States and that they do not constitute an obstacle to the functioning of the internal market.
Na podlagi člena 95(6) Pogodbe ES mora Komisija preveriti, ali nacionalne določbe niso sredstvo samovoljne diskriminacije ali prikrito omejevanje trgovine med državami članicami in ali ne ovirajo delovanje notranjega trga.
The last condition cannot be interpreted in such a way that it prohibits the approval of any national measure likely to affect the functioning of the internal market.
Ne mogoče razlagati, da ta zadnji pogoj prepoveduje odobritev katerega koli nacionalnega ukrepa, ki bi lahko vplival na delovanje notranjega trga.
In fact, any national measure derogating from a harmonisation measure aiming at the establishment and operation of the internal market constitutes in substance a measure that is likely to affect the internal market.
Dejansko je lahko vsak nacionalni ukrep, ki odstopa od usklajenega ukrepa, katerega cilj je oblikovanje in delovanje notranjega trga, dejansko ukrep, ki bi lahko vplival na notranji trg.
Consequently, to preserve the usefulness of the procedure for derogation provided for by Article 95 of the EC Treaty, the Commission considers that, in the context of Article 95(6), the concept of obstacle to the functioning of the internal market has to be understood as a disproportionate effect in relation to the pursued objective.
Zato Komisija meni, da je treba za ohranitev koristnosti postopka za odstopanja iz člena 95 Pogodbe ES v okviru člena 95(6) pojem ovire za delovanje notranjega trga razumeti kot nesorazmeren učinek v zvezi z zastavljenim ciljem.
The Dutch authorities consider that the measure is necessary to improve the quality of the environment and thus protect human health.
Nizozemski organi menijo, da je ta ukrep nujen za izboljšanje kakovosti okolja in s tem varovanja zdravja ljudi.
They also consider that the draft measure is neither a means of arbitrary discrimination nor a disguised restriction on trade between Member States.
Menijo tudi, da osnutek ukrepa ni niti sredstvo samovoljne diskriminacije niti prikrita omejitev trgovine med državami članicami.