natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Visual assessment of defoliation
Vizualno ocenjevanje osutosti
Defoliation shall be estimated annually in 5 % steps in relation to a tree with full foliage in local condition.
Osutost se letno ocenjuje v 5 % stopnjah glede na drevo, za krajevne razmere polno olistano.
The classification of trees into degrees of defoliation shall be carried out during the observation and shall be registered in 5 % steps.
Razvrstitev dreves glede na stopnje osutosti se izvede v času opazovanja in se zapiše v 5 % stopnjah.
A tree with a defoliation between 95 % and 100 %, which is still alive, is scored as 99.
Drevo z osutostjo med 95 % in 100 %, ki je še vedno živo, se oceni z 99.
The score 100 is reserved for dead trees.
Ocena 100 je rezervirana za mrtva drevesa.
Degree of defoliation
Stopnja osutosti
Percentage of needle/leaf loss
Odstotek izgubljenih iglic/listja
defoliated
osuto
slightly defoliated
Rahlo osuto
moderately defoliated
Zmerno osuto
severely defoliated
Močno osuto
Dead
Mrtvo
Visual assessment of discoloration
Vizualno ocenjevanje porumenelosti
The classification of trees into degrees of discoloration shall be carried out.
Izvede se razvrstitev dreves po stopnjah porumenelosti.
The degrees of discoloration shall be defined as follows:
Stopnje porumenelosti se določijo, kot sledi:
Discoloration
Porumenelost
Indicative percentage of needles/leaves discolored
Okviren odstotek porumenelih iglic/listov
or negligible
ni ali je zanemarljiva
Slight
Rahla
Moderate
Zmerna
Severe
Močna
If, in addition, defoliation and discoloration classes are combined, the following combined damage classes shall be used:
Če se dodatno kombinirajo razredi osutosti in porumenelosti, se uporabljajo naslednji kombinirani razredi poškodovanosti:
0 = not damaged, I = slightly damaged, II = moderately damaged, III = severely damaged, IV = dead
0 = ni poškodovano, I = rahlo poškodovano, II = zmerno poškodovano, III = močno poškodovano, IV = mrtvo.
Defoliation class
Razred osutosti
Discoloration class
Razred porumenelosti
Resulting damage class
Posledični razred poškodovanosti
Assessment of damage causes
Ocenjevanje vzrokov poškodb
The assessment of damage causes is optional in order to complement the annual crown condition survey.
Ocenjevanje vzrokov poškodb je izbirno za dopolnitev letne raziskave o stanju krošenj.
Frequency and timing
Pogostost in časovna razporeditev
Level I + Level II: assessment of damage causes shall be carried out during normal crown condition assessment in summer.
Stopnja I + stopnja II: ocenjevanje vzrokov poškodb se izvede med običajnim ocenjevanjem stanja krošenj poleti.
In Level II plots where the complete programme is carried out, the so-called ‘key-plots’’, an additional visit for damage assessment shall be made if important damage is observed outside the period of crown condition assessment.
Na ploskvah stopnje II, kjer se izvaja celoten program, tako imenovanih „ključnih ploskvah“, se opravi dodaten obisk za oceno poškodb, če se opazi pomembna poškodba izven obdobja ocenjevanja stanja krošenj.
The observations of the staff responsible for deposition sampling or phenological observations may act as an early warning system.
Opažanja osebja, ki je odgovorno za vzorčenje usedanja, ali fenološka opažanja lahko služijo kot sistem zgodnjega opozarjanja.
This additional visit shall be made at the time when the main damage cause is supposed to be at its maximum (e.g. spring for defoliators).
Ta dodatni obisk se opravi v času, ko naj bi bil glavni vzrok poškodovanosti največji (npr. pomlad za listojede).
Parameters to be assessed
Parametri, ki jih je treba oceniti
The following table sets out an overview of parameters in Level I points/Level II plots.
Naslednja razpredelnica prikazuje pregled parametrov v točkah stopnje I/ploskvah stopnje II.
Symptom description
Opis simptomov
Specification of affected part
Opredelitev prizadetega dela
Symptom
Simptom
Specification of symptom
Podroben opis simptoma
Location in crown
Lokacija v krošnji
Cause
Vzrok
Extent
Obseg
Member States shall use forms 3-8 set out in Chapter 14 for the transmission to the Commission of the information for each plot
Države članice uporabijo obrazce 3–8, prikazane v poglavju 14, za prenos informacij o vsaki ploskvi Komisiji.
The inventory of foliar chemistry in accordance with Article 6(a) shall be carried out on all Level II plots and shall be repeated on each individual plot in a two year interval.
Popis foliarne sestave v skladu s členom 6(a) se izvaja na vseh ploskvah stopnje II in se ponovi na vsaki posamezni ploskvi v dveletnem intervalu.
The following provisions are based on technical recommendations of Expert Panel on Foliar Chemistry of the UNECE International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests).
Naslednje določbe temeljijo na tehničnih priporočilih Strokovne komisije za foliarno sestavo Mednarodnega programa sodelovanja v zvezi z oceno in spremljanjem učinkov onesnaženosti zraka na gozdove UNECE (MPS Gozdovi).
Inventory methodology
Metodologija popisa
Date of sampling
Datum vzorčenja
Deciduous species and larch: sampling shall be done when the new leaves are fully developed, and before the very beginning of the autumnal yellowing and senescence.
Listopadne vrste in macesen: vzorčenje se izvede, ko je novo listje popolnoma razvito in še preden se začneta jesensko rumenenje in staranje.
Evergreen species: sampling shall be done during the dormancy period.
Zimzelene vrste: vzorčenje se izvede v času mirovanja.
Member States are requested to define for each region, and inside each region for plains and mountains, the most convenient period for the sampling and analysis of the various species, and to keep to this period.
Države članice so zaprošene, da za vsako regijo in znotraj posameznih regij za ravninski in gorski svet določijo najbolj primeren čas za vzorčenje in analizo različnih vrst in da ta obdobja upoštevajo.
The foliage inventory shall be carried out for deciduous species and larch in summer 2005 and for evergreen species in winter 2005/2006.
Foliarni popis se izvede za listopadne vrste in macesen poleti 2005, za zimzelene vrste pa pozimi 2005/2006.
The inventory shall be repeated on each individual plot in a two years interval.
Popis se ponavlja na vsaki posamezni ploskvi v dveletnih intervalih.
Selection of trees
Izbor dreves
Every second year, at least five trees of each main species present in the plot shall be sampled.
Vsako drugo leto se vzorči najmanj pet dreves vsake glavne vrste, navzoče na ploskvi.
The numbers of trees needed for the sampling shall be selected in such a way that:
Število dreves, ki so potrebna za vzorčenje, se izbere tako, da:
the trees are different from those used for the crown assessment, in order to avoid that successive samplings introduce loss of foliage,
drevesa niso ista kakor tista, ki so bila uporabljena za ocenjevanje krošnje, zaradi preprečitve, da bi zaporedna vzorčenja povzročila izgubo listja,
in case the vitality assessment is restricted to the trees in the sub-plot, the trees for the foliage sampling shall be selected from the remaining part of the total plot.
se drevesa za vzorčenje listja, če je ocenjevanje vitalnosti omejeno na drevesa na podploskvi, izberejo iz preostalega dela celotne ploskve.
If no sub-plot is used the trees for sampling shall be selected from the trees in the buffer zone.
Če se podploskev ne uporablja, se drevesa za vzorčenje izberejo izmed dreves v zaščitnem pasu.
In this case the trees selected for sampling in the buffer zone shall be given a special number,
V tem primeru se drevesom, izbranim za vzorčenje v zaščitnem pasu, dodeli posebna številka,
the trees belong to the predominant and dominant classes (forest with closed canopy) or to the trees with average height ±20 % (forest with open canopy),
drevesa sodijo v nadvladajoče in vladajoče razrede (gozd s sklenjenimi krošnjami) ali k drevesom s povprečno višino ±20 % (gozd z nesklenjenimi krošnjami),
the trees are in the vicinity of the locations where soil samples were taken for analysis; however care shall be taken that the main roots of the sample trees have not been damaged by soil sampling,
so drevesa v bližini mest, kjer so bili za analizo odvzeti vzorci tal, vendar je treba paziti, da se pri vzorčenju tal ne poškoduje glavni koreninski sistem vzorčnih dreves,
the trees are representative of the mean defoliation level of the plot (±5 % of the mean foliage loss),
so drevesa reprezentativna za povprečno raven osutosti na ploskvi (±5 % povprečne osutosti),
the trees are representative of the sanitary status of the plot.
so drevesa reprezentativna za zdravstveno stanje ploskve.
The same sample trees shall be sampled over the years; the trees shall be numbered.
Ista vzorčna drevesa se zajemajo v vzorec več let; drevesa morajo biti oštevilčena.
To avoid damage to the sample trees, it is allowed to alternate between two sets of five trees, when necessary.
Dovoljeno je izmenjavanje med dvema nizoma petih dreves, če je potrebno, da ne nastane škoda na vzorčnih drevesih.
Each set shall respond to the above conditions.
Vsak niz mora ustrezati zgoraj navedenim pogojem.
Only trees of the main species shall be sampled (see Annex I, Chapter 15, item 16).
Vzorčijo se samo glavne vrste dreves (glej točko 16 poglavja 15 Priloge I).
Trees which are used for the sampling of foliage shall be assessed on crown condition, using the existing or the specially assigned numbers.
Drevesom, pri katerih se vzorči listje, se oceni stanje krošenj, uporabijo se obstoječe ali posebej dodeljene številke.
General information
Splošne informacije
The following information shall be collected:
Zbirajo se naslednje informacije:
data of sampling and analysis;
datumi vzorčenja in analize,
tree species.
drevesna vrsta.
Selection and quantity of leaves and needles
Izbor ter količina listov in iglic
The trees in the plot shall not be felled, which may influence the sampling method of leaves or needles.
Drevesa na ploskvi se ne smejo posekati, saj to lahko vpliva na metodo vzorčenja listja ali iglic.
It is important that sampled leaves or needles have developed in full light.
Pomembno je, da so se vzorčni listi ali iglice razvili na polni svetlobi.
The sampled leaves or needles shall be taken from the upper third of crown, but not from the very first whorls in the conifers;
Vzorčno listje ali iglice se vzame iz zgornje tretjine krošnje, vendar pri iglavcih ne iz prvih vencev.
For deciduous species, sampling shall be done on current year leaves or needles.
Pri listopadnih vrstah se vzorči listje ali iglice tekočega letnika.
For evergreen species, sampling shall be done of both the current year needles or leaves and the second year needles or leaves (current + 1).
Pri zimzelenih vrstah se vzorči iglice ali liste tekočega letnika in dvoletne iglice ali liste (tekoči letnik + 1).
For Larix sp. and Cedrus sp. samples are taken of the short twigs of the previous year.
Pri Larix sp. in Cedrus sp. se vzorci vzamejo na kratkih vejicah iz preteklega leta.
In general, sampling shall be carried out in such a way that all the orientations are represented in the set of sample trees.
Na splošno se vzorčenje izvede tako, da so v nizu vzorčnih dreves zastopane vse ekspozicije.
If necessary it is allowed to sample different orientations on each tree of the sample set.
Če je treba, se vzorči različne ekspozicije na vsakem drevesu v vzorčnem nizu.
In special sites with evident influence of one orientation (e.g. steep slopes or strong dominant wind) only one orientation is sampled, which always has to be the same.
V posebnih razmerah, v katerih je očiten vpliv ene ekspozicije (npr. strma pobočja ali močan prevladujoči veter), se vzorči samo ena ekspozicija, ki pa mora biti vedno ista.
In such cases, it is necessary to document the orientation.
V takšnem primeru je treba ekspozicijo dokumentirati.
For the analysis of major elements and Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, the recommended quantity is 30 grams of fresh needles or leaves for each sampled age class.
Za analizo glavnih elementov ter Fe, Mn, Zn in Cu je priporočena količina 30 g svežih iglic ali listov za vsak vzorčni starostni razred.
Each country may decide to sample a larger quantity of leaf material, according to the need of its own analytical methods, or in order to conserve samples for the future.
Vsaka država se lahko odloči, da bo vzorčila večjo količino listnega materiala, v skladu s potrebami lastnih analitičnih metod, ali da bo vzorce shranila za poznejšo rabo.
Means of sampling
Načini vzorčenja
As trees cannot be felled, any convenient way of sampling, taking into consideration kind and size of stands etc., is acceptable, provided that it does not lead to contamination of the sample, to heavy tree damage, or to risks for the sampling team.
Ker se drevesa ne smejo posekati, je sprejemljiv kakršen koli primeren način vzorčenja, upoštevajoč vrsto in velikost sestojev itd., pod pogojem, da ne povzroči onesnaženja vzorca, večjih poškodb na drevesih ali pa nevarnosti za skupino, ki izvaja vzorčenje.
Pre-treatment before sending the samples to the laboratories for analysis
Predobdelava vzorcev, preden se pošljejo v laboratorijsko analizo
At least five trees of each main species present in the plot are sampled; the five samples are individually preserved in bags; for analysis, a composite sample shall be made by mixing equal quantities of each of the five samples (in case the five trees are analysed individually, the mean value is calculated for each element).
Vzorči se najmanj pet dreves vsake glavne vrste, ki je na ploskvi; pet vzorcev se posamezno shrani v vrečke; za analizo se pripravi vzorec, sestavljen z mešanjem enakih količin vsakega od petih vzorcev (če se pet dreves analizira vsako posebej, se za vsak element izračuna povprečna vrednost).
Great care shall be taken to clearly mark each sample (forest, number of plot, species, age of needles, etc.) before sending it to the laboratory for analysis.
Zelo je treba paziti, da se vsak vzorec jasno označi (gozd, številka ploskve, vrsta, starost iglic itd.), preden se pošlje laboratoriju v analizo.
These identifications shall be given outside the bag (directly on the bag by indelible ink, or by clasping a label on the bag).
Te označbe se navede zunaj vrečke (neposredno na vrečki z neizbrisnim črnilom ali tako, da se na vrečko pritrdi etiketa).
Treatment before analysis
Priprava vzorcev pred analizo
The determination of the mass of 100 leaves or 1000 needles, as well as the shoot mass, shall be used for the intensive and continuous surveillance on the permanent observation plots and the current year shoot.
Za intenzivno in stalno spremljanje na trajnih opazovalnih ploskvah in poganjkov tekočega leta se uporabi masa 100 listov ali 1000 iglic kot tudi masa poganjkov.
It is not necessary to cut the petioles of the leaves but in case of compound leaves it may be advisable to detach the small leaves from the axis if this has not been done in the forest.
Listnih pecljev ni treba odrezati, če pa so to sestavljeni listi, se priporoča, da se lističi ločijo od osi lista, če se niso ločili že v gozdu.
To avoid contamination, no powdered plastic gloves shall be used.
Da bi se izognili onesnaženju, se ne uporabljajo napudrane plastične rokavice.
It is not necessary to systematically wash the samples, but it may be advisable in regions with a high level of air pollution or near the sea.
Vzorcev ni treba sistematično prati, vendar je to priporočljivo na območjih, kjer je zrak močno onesnažen, ali na območjih blizu morja.
The samples shall be washed with water without any additions.
Vzorci se operejo z vodo brez kakršnih koli dodatkov.
Oven drying shall be done at no more than 80 °C for at least 24 hours.
Sušenje v sušilniku traja najmanj 24 ur na ne več kakor 80 °C.
The needles shall be removed from the twigs with the same precautions as for detaching the small leaves from their axis.
Iglice se odstranijo z vejic enako previdno, kakor se lističi ločujejo od osi lista.
Chemical analyses
Kemijske analize
Only the total element concentration is determined.
Določa se samo skupna koncentracija elementov.
Each country is allowed to use its national methods.
Vsaka država lahko uporabi svoje nacionalne metode.
But it is necessary to certify the total element concentrations obtained by national methods with those certified on the reference standard samples.
Vendar je treba potrditi skupne koncentracije elementov, ugotovljene z nacionalnimi metodami, s koncentracijami, ki so potrjene z referenčnimi standardnimi vzorci.
The foliage inventory will distinguish between mandatory and optional parameters (see list below)
Pri foliarnem popisu se bo ločilo med obveznimi in neobveznimi parametri (glej spodnji seznam).
Mandatory parameters
Obvezni parametri
Optional parameters
Neobvezni parametri
Nitrogen (N)
Dušik (N)
Zinc (Zn)
Cink (Zn) μg/l
Sulphur (S)
Žveplo (S)
Copper (Cu)
Baker (Cu) μg/l
Lead (Pb)
Svinec (Pb)
Member States shall use formats established by forms 9, 10 and 11 set out in Chapter 14 for the transmission to the Commission of the information for each plot.
Države članice uporabijo oblike, določene z obrazci 9, 10 in 11, prikazanimi v poglavju 14, za prenos informacij o vsaki ploskvi Komisiji.
The measurements of increment changes in accordance with Article 6(a) shall be carried out on all plots in the dormancy period.
Meritve sprememb prirastka v skladu s členom 6(a) se izvajajo na vseh ploskvah v času mirovanja.
The reference for the first inventory under Regulation (EC) 2152/2003 shall be dormancy period of the winter 2004/2005 and shall be repeated in a five year interval.
Sklic za prvi popis v skladu z Uredbo (ES) 2152/2003 je čas mirovanja pozimi 2004/2005 in se ponavlja v petletnih intervalih.
The following provisions are based on technical recommendations of Expert Panel on Forest growth of the UN/ECE International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests).
Naslednje določbe temeljijo na tehničnih priporočilih Strokovne komisije za rast gozdov Mednarodnega programa sodelovanja v zvezi z oceno in spremljanjem učinkov onesnaženosti zraka na gozdove UN/ECE (MPS Gozdovi).
The measurement of the growth is divided into two parts:
Meritev rasti se deli na dva dela:
periodic measurements on tree parameters (mandatory all five years),
periodične meritve drevesnih parametrov (obvezne vseh pet let),
tree ring analysis by means of increment cores and stem discs (optional).
analiza drevesnih branik z izvrtki prirastka in debelnimi koluti (neobvezno).
The methodologies described here are inappropriate for maquis and similar vegetation types.
Opisane metodologije so neprimerne za makijo in podobne tipe vegetacije.
Member States are free to carry out, in addition to the periodic measurements on tree parameters, permanent continuous girth band measurements.
Države članice lahko izvajajo, poleg periodičnih meritev drevesnih parametrov, trajne stalne meritve z obodnim trakom.
Date of measurements
Datum meritev
Measurements shall be done during the dormancy period.
Meritve je treba izvesti v času mirovanja.
In principle all trees in the total plot shall be monitored.
Načeloma je treba spremljati vsa drevesa na celotni ploskvi.
In the case that the plot has many trees (e.g. dense stands), a sub-plot may have been defined to be used for the tree assessment.
V primeru, da ima ploskev veliko dreves (npr. gosti sestoji), se za ocenjevanje dreves lahko določi podploskev.
In this case the trees in the sub-plot shall be monitored.
V takšnem primeru je treba spremljati drevesa na podploskvi.
The size of the sub-plot at the time of the inventory should be large enough to give reliable estimates for stand increment over the entire measurement period.
V času popisa mora biti podploskev dovolj velika, da se v celotnem merilnem obdobju ugotovijo zanesljive ocene za sestojni prirastek.
The exact size of this sub-plot shall be determined and reported.
Natančna velikost te podploskve se ugotovi in zabeleži.
All trees with at least 5 cm diameter over bark shall be individually identifiable by numbering.
Vsa drevesa, katerih premer z lubjem meri vsaj 5 cm, se individualno označijo s številkami.
data of sampling and analysis,
datumi vzorčenja in analize,
tree number.
številka drevesa.
Parameters to be measured
Parametri, ki jih je treba meriti
Periodic measurements
Periodične meritve
Tree species
Drevesna vrsta
Bark
Lubje
Diameter at breast height (DBH)
Prsni premer (DBH)
Tree height (on all trees)
Višina drevesa (na vseh drevesih)
Tree height
Višina drevesa
Crown height (on all trees)
Višina krošnje (na vseh drevesih)
Height to crown base on a sub-sample of trees in the plot
Višina do začetka krošnje na podvzorcu dreves na ploskvi
Crown width
Širina krošnje
Information on management operations
Informacije o upravljanju
Volume estimates
Ocena prostornine
Tree ring analysis
Analiza branik
Ring width
Širina branike
History of the tree diameter under bark in five years intervals
Premer drevesa brez lubja v preteklosti v petletnih intervalih
Basal area and volume estimates
Ocena temeljnice in prostornine
Member States shall use forms 12 to 16 set out in Chapter 14 for the transmission to the Commission of the information for each plot
Države članice uporabijo obrazce 12 do 16, prikazane v poglavju 14, za prenos informacij o vsaki ploskvi Komisiji.
COMMON METHODS FOR DEPOSITION MEASUREMENTS ON LEVEL II PLOTS
ENOTNE METODE ZA MERITVE USEDLIN NA PLOSKVAH STOPNJE II
The measurements of deposition in accordance with Article 6(b) shall be carried out on at least 10 % of the Level II plots.
Meritve usedlin v skladu s členom 6(a) se izvajajo na vsaj 10 % ploskev stopnje II.
The following provisions are based on technical recommendations of Expert Panel on Deposition of the UNECE International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests).
Naslednje določbe temeljijo na tehničnih priporočilih Strokovne komisije za usedline Mednarodnega programa sodelovanja v zvezi z oceno in spremljanjem učinkov onesnaženosti zraka na gozdove UNECE (MPS Gozdovi).
Monitoring methodology
Metodologija spremljanja
Each deposition plot shall be described in detail.
Vsaka ploskev usedlin se podrobno opiše.
Some of the information is already included in the descriptions of the forest monitoring plots (longitude, latitude, altitude, exposure, tree species, etc.).
Nekatere izmed informacij so že vključene v opisu ploskev za spremljanje gozda (zemljepisna dolžina in širina, nadmorska višina, izpostavljenost, drevesna vrsta itd.).
Other information needs to be documented with special consideration to the deposition situation (exposition to local emission sources and local land use, location in relation to forest edges etc.).
Druge informacije je treba zabeležiti zlasti glede na stanje usedlin (izpostavljenost okoliškim virom emisij in okoliški uporabi zemlje, lokacija v razmerju do roba gozda itd.).
For interpretation and understanding of the deposition processes, information on factors such as canopy roughness, leaf area index, etc. is valuable.
Za razlaganje in razumevanje postopka usedanja so koristne informacije o dejavnikih, kot npr. obliki sklepa krošenj, indeksu listne površine itd.
Monitoring throughfall
Spremljanje prepuščenih padavin
Deposition monitoring shall be site specific.
Spremljanje usedlin se opravlja na posebno določeni lokaciji.
Measurements shall be made in such a way that they are spatially well distributed over the country, if necessary on all Level II plots.
Meritve se opravijo na tak način, da so prostorsko dobro razporejene po državi, če je potrebno, na vseh ploskvah stopnje II.
Throughfall deposition measurements shall be made on the plot itself.
Meritve usedlin prepuščenih padavin se opravijo na sami ploskvi.
If this is not possible, the measurements shall be made close to the plot and in the same stand.
Če to ni mogoče, se meritve opravijo v bližini ploskve in v istem sestoju.
The measurements shall in no way interfere with other measurements of soil and vegetation.
Meritve na noben način ne smejo vplivati na druge meritve tal in vegetacije.
Caution shall be taken not to cause any damage to the forest plot.
Treba je paziti, da se ne povzroči nobena škoda gozdu ploskve.
Monitoring in an open area in the forest
Spremljanje na prostem v gozdu