natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Where appropriate, the credit institution shall measure current exposure gross and net of collateral.
Če je primerno, kreditna institucija meri tekoče izpostavljenosti bruto in neto na podlagi zavarovanja s premoženjem.
The use test is satisfied if a credit institution uses other CCR measures, such as peak exposure or (PFE), based on the distribution of exposures generated by the same model to compute EPE.
Test uporabnosti je izpolnjen, če kreditna institucija uporablja druge mere CCR, kakor sta konična izpostavljenost ali potencialna prihodnja izpostavljenost (PFE), na podlagi porazdelitve izpostavljenosti, oblikovane z istim modelom za izračun EPE.
A credit institution shall have the systems capability to estimate EE daily if necessary, unless it demonstrates to its competent authorities that its exposures to CCR warrant less frequent calculation.
Po potrebi bo kreditna institucija imela sistemsko zmogljivost za dnevno ocenjevanje EE, razen če pristojnim organom dokaže, da njene izpostavljenosti do CCR upravičujejo manj pogosto izračunavanje.
The credit institution shall compute EE along a time profile of forecasting horizons that adequately reflects the time structure of future cash flows and maturity of the contracts and in a manner that is consistent with the materiality and composition of the exposures.
Kreditna institucija izračunava EE po časovnem načrtu napovedovalnih obdobij, ki primerno prikazuje časovno strukturo prihodnjih denarnih tokov in zapadlosti pogodb ter na način, ki je skladen s pomembnostjo in sestavo izpostavljenosti.
Exposure shall be measured, monitored and controlled over the life of all contracts in the netting set (not just to the one year horizon).
Izpostavljenost se meri, spremlja in kontrolira na podlagi časa trajanja vseh pogodb v nizu pobotov (ne samo v času enega).
The credit institution shall have procedures in place to identify and control the risks for counterparties where the exposure rises beyond the one‐year horizon.
Kreditna institucija ima vzpostavljene postopke za ugotavljanje in kontrolo tveganj do nasprotnih strank, če je izpostavljenost daljša od enega leta.
The forecast increase in exposure shall be an input into the credit institution's internal capital model.
Poleg tega je napovedano povečanje izpostavljenost podatek, ki se upošteva v notranjem modelu ekonomskega kapitala kreditne institucije.
Stress testing
Testiranje izjemnih situacij
A credit institution shall have in place sound stress testing processes for use in the assessment of capital adequacy for CCR.
Kreditna institucija vzpostavi zanesljive procese za testiranje izjemnih situacij, ki se uporabljajo pri presoji interne ocene ustreznosti višine kapitalske zahteve za CCR.
These stress measures shall be compared with the measure of EPE and considered by the credit institution as Part of the process set out in Article 123.
Ti izračuni izjemnih situacij se primerjajo z izračuni EPE in kreditna institucija jih obravnava v okviru njenega procesa ocenjevanja kapitalske ustreznosti .
Stress testing shall also involve identifying possible events or future changes in economic conditions that could have unfavourable effects on a credit institution's credit exposures and an assessment of the credit institution's ability to withstand such changes.
Testiranje izjemnih situacij vključuje tudi ugotavljanje morebitnih dogodkov ali prihodnjih sprememb v gospodarskem okolju, ki bi lahko neugodno vplivale na kreditne izpostavljenosti kreditne institucije, ter presojo zmožnosti kreditne institucije, da vzdrži take spremembe.
The credit institution shall stress test its CCR exposures, including jointly stressing market and credit risk factors.
Kreditna institucija opravi test v izjemnih situacijah za njene izpostavljenosti CCR, vključno s skupnim testiranjem dejavnikov tržnega in kreditnega tveganja.
Stress tests of CCR shall consider concentration risk (to a single counterparty or groups of counterparties), correlation risk across market and credit risk, and the risk that liquidating the counterparty's positions could move the market.
Testi izjemnih situacij za CCR upoštevajo tveganje koncentracije (do ene same nasprotne stranke ali do skupin nasprotnih strank), tveganje korelacije med tržnim in kreditnim tveganjem ter tveganje, da bi lahko zaprtje pozicij nasprotne stranke povzročila velik premik na trgu.
Stress tests shall also consider the impact on the credit institution's own positions of such market moves and integrate that impact in its assessment of CCR.
Tako testiranje izjemnih situacij upošteva tudi vpliv na lastne pozicije kreditne institucije, ki ga imajo taki premiki na trgu, ter vključuje tak vpliv v svojo oceno CCR.
Wrong‐Way Risk
Tveganje zaradi neugodnih gibanj
Credit institutions shall give due consideration to exposures that give rise to a significant degree of General Wrong‐Way Risk.
Kreditne institucije primerno obravnavajo izpostavljenosti, ki povzročajo veliko stopnjo splošnega tveganja zaradi neugodnih gibanj.
Credit institutions shall have procedures in place to identify, monitor and control cases of Specific Wrong‐Way Risk, beginning at the inception of a transaction and continuing through the life of the transaction.
Kreditna institucija ima vzpostavljene postopke za ugotavljanje, spremljanje in kontrolo primerov posebnega tveganja zaradi neugodnih gibanj, ki nastopi s sklenitvijo posla trgovanja in se nadaljuje preko celotnega trajanja posla .
Integrity of the modelling process
Celovitost procesa modeliranja
The model shall reflect transaction terms and specifications in a timely, complete, and conservative fashion.
Notranji model odraža pogoje in specifikacije oziroma lastnosti posla pravočasno, celovito in na konzervativen način.
Such terms shall include at least contract notional amounts, maturity, reference assets, margining arrangements, netting arrangements.
Taki pogoji vključujejo med drugim pogodbene nominalne vrednosti, zapadlost, referenčna sredstva, dogovore o kritju in dogovore o pobotu.
The terms and specifications shall be maintained in a database that is subject to formal and periodic audit.
Pogoji in specifikacije se hranijo v varovani bazi podatkov, ki se formalno in redno revidira.
The process for recognising netting arrangements shall require signoff by legal staff to verify the legal enforceability of netting and be input into the database by an independent unit.
Proces za priznavanje dogovorov o pobotu zahteva potrditev pravnega osebja, s katero se preveri pravna izvršljivost pobota, neodvisna enota pa zagotovi vnos v bazo podatkov.
The transmission of transaction terms and specifications data to the model shall also be subject to internal audit and formal reconciliation processes shall be in place between the model and source data systems to verify on an ongoing basis that transaction terms and specifications are being reflected in EPE correctly or at least conservatively.
Prenos pogojev in podatkov o specifikaciji posla v notranji model je predmet notranjega revidiranja. Med notranjim modelom in sistemi baz izvornih podatkov pa obstajajo formalni procesi usklajevanja za trajno preverjanje, ali so pogoji in specifikacije posla pravilno ali vsaj konzervativno izraženi v EPE.
The model shall employ current market data to compute current exposures.
Notranji model uporablja tekoče tržne podatke za izračun tekočih izpostavljenosti.
When using historical data to estimate volatility and correlations, at least three years of historical data shall be used and shall be updated quarterly or more frequently if market conditions warrant.
Pri uporabi preteklih podatkov za ocenjevanje nestanovitnosti in korelacij se uporabljajo podatki za vsaj tri pretekla leta, ki se posodabljajo vsako četrtletje ali bolj pogosto, če to omogočajo pogoji na trgu.
The data shall cover a full range of economic conditions, such as a full business cycle.
Podatki obsegajo celoten spekter gospodarskih razmer, na primer celoten poslovni cikel.
A unit independent from the business unit shall validate the price supplied by the business unit.
Enota, neodvisna od poslovne enote, preverja cene, ki jih navede poslovna enota.
The data shall be acquired independently of the lines of business, fed into the model in a timely and complete fashion, and maintained in a database subject to formal and periodic audit.
Podatki se pridobivajo neodvisno od poslovnih enot, se pravočasno in na pravi način vnašajo v notranji model in se vzdržujejo v varovani bazi podatkov, ki se formalno in redno revidira.
A credit institution shall also have a well‐developed data integrity process to clean the data of erroneous and/or anomalous observations.
Kreditna institucija ima tudi dobro razvit proces za preverjanje kvalitete podatkov, s katerim se odstranjujejo napačni podatki in/ali anomalije.
To the extent that the model relies on proxy market data, including, for new products, where three years of historical data may not be available, internal policies shall identify suitable proxies and the credit institution shall demonstrate empirically that the proxy provides a conservative representation of the underlying risk under adverse market conditions.
Če se notranji model opira na približke (proxies) tržnih podatkov, vključno s podatki za nove produkte, za katere morda niso na voljo podatki za tri pretekla leta, notranje politike kreditne institucije najdejo primerne približke podatkov, kreditna institucija pa empirično dokaže, da pridobljeni podatki zagotavljajo konzervativno predstavo o tveganju, ki ga prinašajo neugodne razmere na trgu.
If the model includes the effect of collateral on changes in the market value of the netting set, the credit institution shall have adequate historical data to model the volatility of the collateral.
Če notranji model upošteva učinke zavarovanja s premoženjem na spremembe tržne vrednosti niza pobotov, kreditna institucija vzdržuje primerne pretekle podatke za modeliranje nestanovitnosti zavarovanja s premoženjem.
The model shall be subject to a validation process.
Model EPEje predmet notranjega procesa ovrednotenja.
The process shall be clearly articulated in credit institutions' policies and procedures.
Proces je jasno napisan v politikah in postopkih kreditne institucije.
The validation process shall specify the kind of testing needed to ensure model integrity and identify conditions under which assumptions are violated and may result in an understatement of EPE.
Proces ovrednotenja navaja vrsto testiranja, potrebnega za zagotovitev celovitosti modela in za ugotavljanje pogojev, pod katerimi se predpostavke kršijo in lahko povzročijo podcenjevanje vrednosti EPE modela.
The validation process shall include a review of the comprehensiveness of the model.
Proces ovrednotenja vključuje pregled razumljivosti modela EPE.
A credit institution shall monitor the appropriate risks and have processes in place to adjust its estimation of EPE when those risks become significant.
Kreditna institucija spremlja primerna tveganja in ima vzpostavljene procese za prilagajanje svojih ocen EPE, kadar postanejo navedena tveganja pomembna.
This includes the following:
To vključuje naslednje:
the credit institution shall identify and manage its exposures to specific wrong‐way risk;
kreditna institucija ugotavlja in upravlja svoje izpostavljenosti, ki so posledica posebnega tveganja zaradi neugodnih gibanj;
for exposures with a rising risk profile after one year, the credit institution shall compare on a regular basis the estimate of EPE over one year with EPE over the life of the exposure; and
za izpostavljenosti s povečanim profilom tveganja po enem letu kreditna institucija redno primerja oceno EPE za eno leto z EPE za celotno trajanje izpostavljenosti; in
for exposures with a residual maturity below one year, the credit institution shall compare on a regular basis the replacement cost (current exposure) and the realised exposure profile, and/or store data that would allow such a comparison.
za izpostavljenosti s kratkoročno zapadlostjo (manj kakor eno leto) kreditna institucija redno primerja nadomestitvene vrednosti (tekoča izpostavljenost) in realizirani profil izpostavljenosti in/ali hrani podatke, ki omogočajo tako primerjavo.
A credit institution shall have internal procedures to verify that, prior to including a transaction in a netting set, the transaction is covered by a legally enforceable netting contract that meets the requirements set out in Part 7.
Kreditna institucija, ki je kvalificirana za opravljanje pobotov transakcij, ima vzpostavljene notranje postopke za preverjanje, da je transakcija pred vključitvijo v niz pobotov krita s prisilno izvršljivim dvostranskim dogovorom o pobotu, ki izpolnjuje zahteve iz dela 7.
Validation requirements for EPE models
Zahteve za ovrednotenje modelov EPE
A credit institution's EPE model shall meet the following validation requirements:
Model EPE kreditne institucije izpolnjuje naslednje zahteve po ovrednotenju:
the qualitative validation requirements set out in Annex V to Directive 2006/49/EC;
zahteve po kvalitativnem ovrednotenju, določene v Prilogi V Direktive 2006/49/ES ;
interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity prices, commodities, and other market risk factors shall be forecast over long time horizons for measuring CCR exposure.
obrestne mere, menjalni tečaji, cene lastniških vrednostnih papirjev, blago in drugi dejavniki tveganja na trgu se napovedujejo za dolga časovna obdobja pri merjenju izpostavljenosti CCR.
The performance of the forecasting model for market risk factors shall be validated over a long time horizon;
Učinkovitost modela za napovedovanje dejavnikov tržnih tveganj se ovrednoti skozi daljše časovno obdobje;
the pricing models used to calculate CCR exposure for a given scenario of future shocks to market risk factors shall be tested as Part of the model validation process.
modeli za ocenjevanje tveganja, ki se uporabljajo za izračun izpostavljenosti CCR za dani scenarij potencialnih izjemnih situacij povzročenih z dejavniki tržnih tveganj, se testirajo v okviru procesa ovrednotenja modela.
Pricing models for options shall account for the nonlinearity of option value with respect to market risk factors;
Modeli za ocenjevanje tveganja za opcije upoštevajo nelinearnost vrednosti opcije glede na dejavnike tržnih tveganj;
the EPE model shall capture transaction-specific information in order to aggregate exposures at the level of the netting set.
model EPE zajame informacije, specifične za posamezno transakcijo, da izpostavljenosti združi na ravni niza pobotov.
A credit institution shall verify that transactions are assigned to the appropriate netting set within the model;
Kreditna institucija preveri, ali so transakcije razvrščene v ustrezen niz pobotov znotraj modela;
the EPE model shall also include transaction-specific information to capture the effects of margining.
model EPE vključuje tudi informacije, specifične za posamezen posel, da zajame učinke oblikovanja kritja.
It shall take into account both the current amount of margin and margin that would be passed between counterparties in the future.
Upošteva tako tekočo vrednost kritja kakor tudi kritje, ki bi bilo sklenjeno med nasprotnima strankama v prihodnosti.
Such a model shall account for the nature of margin agreements (unilateral or bilateral), the frequency of margin calls, the margin period of risk, the minimum threshold of unmargined exposure the credit institution is willing to accept, and the minimum transfer amount.
Tak model upošteva naravo dogovorov o kritju (enostranskih ali dvostranskih), pogostost pozivov k doplačilu kritja, tveganje obdobja kritja, najnižji prag nepokrite izpostavljenosti, ki ga je kreditna institucija pripravljena sprejeti, in najnižji znesek prenosa.
Such a model shall either model the mark-to-market change in the value of collateral posted or apply the rules set out in Annex VIII; and
Tak model bodisi izračuna spremembe tekočih tržnih vrednosti danega zavarovanja s premoženjem ali uporablja pravila, določena v Prilogi VIII;
static, historical back-testing on representative counterparty portfolios shall be Part of the model validation process.
statično testiranje za nazaj preteklih podatkov na podlagi reprezentativnih portfeljev nasprotne stranke je sestavni del procesa ovrednotenja modela.
At regular intervals, a credit institution shall conduct such back-testing on a number of representative counterparty portfolios (actual or hypothetical).
Kreditna institucija redno izvaja tako testiranje za nazaj preteklih podatkov na več reprezentativnih portfeljih nasprotne stranke (dejansko ali hipotetično).
These representative portfolios shall be chosen based on their sensitivity to the material risk factors and correlations to which the credit institution is exposed.
Ti reprezentativni portfelji se izberejo glede na njihovo občutljivost na bistvene dejavnike tveganja in korelacije, katerim je kreditna institucija izpostavljena.
If back-testing indicates that the model is not sufficiently accurate, the competent authorities shall revoke the model approval or impose appropriate measures to ensure that the model is improved promptly.
Če testiranje za nazaj preteklih podatkov pokaže, da model ni dovolj natančen, pristojni organi umaknejo dovoljenje za uporabo modela ali naložijo ustrezne ukrepe, da zagotovijo takojšnjo izboljšavo modela.
They may also require additional own funds to be held by credit institutions pursuant to Article 136.
V skladu s členom 136 lahko zahtevajo tudi dodaten kapital.
PART 7
DEL 7
Contractual netting (contracts for novation and other netting agreements)
Pogodbeno pobotanje (pogodbe o novaciji in drugi dogovori o pobotanju)
Types of netting that competent authorities may recognise
Vrste možnega pogodbenega pobotanja, ki jih pristojni organi lahko priznajo
For the purpose of this Part, ‘counterparty’ means any entity (including natural persons) that has the power to conclude a contractual netting agreement and ‘contractual cross product netting agreement’ means a written bilateral agreement between a credit institution and a counterparty which creates a single legal obligation covering all included bilateral master agreements and transactions belonging to different product categories.
V tem delu „nasprotna stranka“ pomeni kateri koli subjekt (vključno s fizičnimi osebami), ki je sposoben skleniti pogodbo o pobotu in „pogodba o pobotu med različnimi kategorijami produktov“ pomeni pisni dvostranski sporazum med kreditno institucijo in nasprotno stranko, ki vzpostavi enotno pravno obveznost, ki zajema vse vključene okvirne pogodbe o pobotu in posle, razvrščene v različne produktne kategorije.
Contractual cross product netting agreements do not cover netting other than on a bilateral basis.
Pogodbe o pobotu med različnimi kategorijami produktov zajemajo samo dvostranske pobote.
For the purposes of cross product netting, the following are considered different product categories:
Za namene pobota med različnimi kategorijami produktov se kot različne produktne kategorije štejejo naslednje:
repurchase transactions, reverse repurchase transactions, securities and commodities lending and borrowing transactions,
posli začasne prodaje/začasnega odkupa, posli posoje/izposoje vrednostnih papirjev in blaga;
the contracts listed in Annex IV.
instrumente, naštete v Prilogi IV.
The competent authorities may recognise as risk-reducing the following types of contractual netting:
Pristojni organi lahko za naslednje vrste pogodb o pobotanju priznajo, da zmanjšujejo tveganje:
bilateral contracts for novation between a credit institution and its counterparty under which mutual claims and obligations are automatically amalgamated in such a way that this novation fixes one single net amount each time novation applies and thus creates a legally binding, single new contract extinguishing former contracts,
dvostranska pogodba o novaciji, sklenjena med kreditno institucijo in njeno sodelujočo stranko, v kateri so terjatve in obveznosti avtomatično združene, tako da novacija vsakič znova določi en sam neto znesek in s tem nastane nova, pravno zavezujoča pogodba, ki nadomesti vse prejšnje pogodbe;
other bilateral agreements between a credit institution and its counterparty, and
drugi dvostranski dogovori med kreditno institucijo in njenimi nasprotnimi strankami;
contractual cross product netting agreements for credit institutions that have received approval by their competent authorities to use the method set out in Part 6, for transactions falling under the scope of that method.
pogodbe o pobotu med različnimi kategorijami produktov za kreditne institucije, ki so jim njihovi pristojni organi odobrili uporabo metode iz dela 6 za posle, ki spadajo v področje uporabe te metode.
Netting across transactions entered by members of a group is not recognised for the purposes of calculating capital requirements.
Pobot med posli, ki jih sklenejo člani skupine, se ne priznava za namene izračunavanja kapitalskih zahtev.
The competent authorities may recognise contractual netting as risk-reducing only under the following conditions:
Pristojni organi lahko za pogodbe o pobotanju priznajo, da zmanjšujejo tveganje, le pod naslednjimi pogoji:
a credit institution must have a contractual netting agreement with its counterparty which creates a single legal obligation, covering all included transactions, such that, in the event of a counterparty's failure to perform owing to default, bankruptcy, liquidation or any other similar circumstance, the credit institution would have a claim to receive or an obligation to pay only the net sum of the positive and negative mark-to-market values of included individual transactions,
kreditna institucija mora s svojo nasprotno stranko skleniti dogovor o pobotu, s katerim vzpostavi eno pravno obveznost, ki zajema vse transakcije, tako da ima v primeru, da nasprotna stranka ne izpolni obveznosti zaradi dolžniške zamude, stečaja, likvidacije ali katerih koli podobnih okoliščin, kreditna institucija odprto terjatev ali pa je dolžna plačati samo neto znesek pozitivne in negativne vrednosti vključenih posameznih transakcij, izračunane glede na tržno vrednost;
a credit institution must have made available to the competent authorities written and reasoned legal opinions to the effect that, in the event of a legal challenge, the relevant courts and administrative authorities would, in the cases described under (i), find that the credit institution's claims and obligations would be limited to the net sum, as described in (i), under:
kreditna institucija mora podati pristojnim organom pisno in obrazloženo pravno mnenje, s čimer bi pri pravni preveritvi pristojna sodišča in upravni organi v točki (i) ugotovili, da so terjatve in obveznosti kreditne institucije omejene na neto znesek, kakor je opisano v (i), in sicer v skladu s:
the law of the jurisdiction in which the counterparty is incorporated and, if a foreign branch of an undertaking is involved, also under the law of the jurisdiction in which the branch is located,
pristojnostjo, pod katero je sodelujoča stranka ustanovljena, in če je v zadevo vpletena tuja podružnica podjetja, tudi pristojnost, pod katero posluje tuja podružnica;
the law that governs the individual transactions included, and
pravom, ki ureja posamezne vključene transakcije; in
the law that governs any contract or agreement necessary to effect the contractual netting,
pravom, ki ureja katero koli pogodbo ali dogovor, ki je podlaga za izvajanje pogodb o pobotanju;
a credit institution must have procedures in place to ensure that the legal validity of its contractual netting is kept under review in the light of possible changes in the relevant laws,
kreditna institucija mora imeti opredeljene postopke, s katerimi zagotavlja, da se preverja pravna veljavnost pogodb o pobotanju z vidika morebitnih sprememb v pravnih predpisih;
the credit institution maintains all required documentation in its files,
kreditna institucija hrani vso zahtevano dokumentacijo v svojih evidencah;