natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
RELEVANT NATURAL GAS MARKETS
ZADEVNI TRGI Z ZEMELJSKIM PLINOM
Relevant product markets
Zadevni proizvodni trgi
Taking into consideration the specificities of the Hungarian gas markets, the Commission has identified the following relevant product markets in the gas sector:
Ob upoštevanju posebnosti madžarskega trga s plinom je Komisija v plinskem sektorju opredelila naslednje zadevne proizvodne trge:
Transmission of gas;
prenos plina;
Distribution of gas;
distribucija plina;
Storage of gas;
skladiščenje plina;
Supply of gas to traders;
oskrba trgovcev s plinom;
Supply of gas to Regional Distribution Companies (‘RDCs’);
oskrba regionalnih družb za distribucijo („RDD-jev“) s plinom;
Supply of gas to large power plants;
oskrba velikih elektrarn s plinom;
Supply of gas to large industrial customers (with an hourly consumption exceeding 500 m3/hour);
oskrba velikih industrijskih odjemalcev s plinom (z urno porabo, ki presega 500 ml/uro);
Supply of gas to small industrial and commercial customers (with an hourly consumption below 500 m3/hour); and
oskrba malih industrijskih in komercialnih odjemalcev s plinom (z urno porabo, ki ne presega 500 ml/uro) ter
Supply of gas to residential customers.
oskrba gospodinjstev s plinom.
Since 1 July 2004, all non-residential customers have become eligible customers free to choose their supplier under Hungarian law.
Od 1. julija 2004 so vsi industrijski odjemalci postali upravičeni odjemalci in smejo po madžarski zakonodaji svobodno izbrati svojega dobavitelja.
Residential customers will become eligible on 1 July 2007 at the latest.
Gospodinjstva bodo postala upravičena najkasneje 1. julija 2007.
The Hungarian natural gas sector is characterised by a hybrid model, with the coexistence of a regulated segment of the market (or ‘public utility market’), resulting from the old gas regime in Hungary, and a liberalized segment of the market (or ‘open segment of the market’).
Za madžarski sektor za zemeljski plin je značilen hibridni model s sočasnim obstojem urejenega segmenta trga (ali „trga za javno oskrbo“), ki izhaja iz stare plinske ureditve na Madžarskem, in liberaliziranega segmenta trga (ali „odprtega segmenta trga“).
In the regulated segment of the market, the public utility wholesaler (MOL WMT) is under an obligation by law to cover the full natural gas demand for public utility purposes of the RDCs, whereas the RDCs are under an obligation to source their natural gas needs for their public utility customers exclusively from the public utility wholesaler (at regulated prices).
V urejenem segmentu trga mora trgovec na debelo za javno oskrbo (MOL WMT) po zakonu v celoti pokriti potrebe RDD-jev za namen javne oskrbe, ker morajo RDD-ji zadostiti svoje potrebe po zemeljskem plinu za odjemalce za javno oskrbo izključno preko trgovca na debelo za javno oskrbo (po cenah, urejenih s predpisi).
The RDCs, the public utility suppliers, have in turn the exclusive right and obligation to supply the customers situated in their territory at regulated prices.
RDD-ji, dobavitelji za javno oskrbo, imajo nato izključno pravico in obveznost, da oskrbujejo odjemalce na svojem ozemlju po cenah, urejenih s predpisi.
Eligible customers have the choice between remaining supplied within a public utility contract by their historic gas supplier (their RDC or the public utility wholesaler, MOL WMT if the customer was supplied directly by MOL WMT) or terminating their public utility contract and purchasing their gas requirements from a trader or importing natural gas themselves.
Upravičeni odjemalci imajo možnost izbire med tem, ali naj se še naprej, po pogodbi o javni oskrbi, oskrbujejo s plinom pri svojem nekdanjem dobavitelju plina (RDD-ju oziroma trgovcu na debelo za javno oskrbo, družbi MOL WMT, če je odjemalca oskrbovala neposredno družba MOL WMT), ali naj prekinejo pogodbo o javni oskrbi in nabavijo potrebni plin pri trgovcu oziroma naj zemeljski plin uvažajo sami.
It is expected that this hybrid model will disappear after July 2007.
Pričakuje se, da bo hibridni model po juliju 2007 odpravljen.
The market investigation has confirmed that there exists a separate product market for the supply of gas to traders in Hungary, on which importers/producers sell gas to traders, and traders sell each other gas, for onwards supply on the open segment of the market.
Tržna raziskava je potrdila, da obstaja ločeni proizvodni trg za oskrbo trgovcev s plinom na Madžarskem, na katerem uvozniki/proizvajalci prodajo plin trgovcem in trgovci drug drugemu prodajajo plin, za nadaljnjo oskrbo na odprtem segmentu trga.
On the regulated segment of the market, the RDCs have the obligation to purchase gas for their public utility needs from the public utility wholesaler (MOL WMT).
Na urejenem segmentu trga morajo RDD-ji nabavljati plin za potrebe javne oskrbe od trgovcev na debelo za javno oskrbo (MOL WMT).
Geographical markets
Geografski trgi
(In the present case the investigation has shown that all affected markets are national in scope with the exception of the markets for the distribution of gas and the supply of gas to residential customers, which are at present sub-national in scope (i.e. confined to specific distribution areas within Hungary).
V tem primeru je raziskava pokazala, da so vsi prizadeti trgi po obsegu nacionalni z izjemo trgov za distribucijo in dobavo plina gospodinjstvom, ki so zdaj po obsegu podnacionalni (tj. omejeni na posamezna distribucijska področja znotraj Madžarske).
RELEVANT ELECTRICITY MARKETS
ZADEVNI TRGI ELEKTRIČNE ENERGIJE
Taking into consideration the specificities of the Hungarian markets, the Commission has identified the following relevant product markets in the electricity sector:
Ob upoštevanju posebnosti madžarskega trga je Komisija opredelila naslednje zadevne proizvodne trge v električnem sektorju:
Transmission of electricity;
prenos električne energije;
Distribution of electricity;
distribucija električne energije;
The provision of balancing power;
zagotavljanje izravnalne energije;
Wholesale supply of electricity to traders;
veleprodajna dobava električne energije trgovcem;
Wholesale supply of electricity to the public utility wholesaler;
veleprodajna dobava električne energije trgovcu na debelo za javno oskrbo;
Wholesale supply of electricity to RDCs;
veleprodajna dobava električne energije RDD-jem;
Retail supply of electricity to medium and large commercial and industrial customers;
maloprodajna dobava električne energije srednje velikim in velikim komercialnim in industrijskim odjemalcem;
Retail supply of electricity to small commercial and industrial customers; and
maloprodajna dobava električne energije malim komercialnim in industrijskim odjemalcem ter
Retail supply of electricity to residential customers.
maloprodajna dobava električne energije gospodinjstvom.
The Hungarian electricity sector is also characterised by a hybrid model, including a regulated segment and an open segment.
Za madžarski električni sektor je tudi značilen hibridni model, ki vključuje urejeni in odprti segment.
On 1 July 2004, all non-residential customers became eligible customers.
julija 2004 so vsi industrijski odjemalci postali upravičeni odjemalci.
Residential customers will become eligible on 1 July 2007.
Gospodinjstva bodo postala upravičena 1. julija 2007.
As in the gas sector, eligible customers have the right, but not the obligation to switch suppliers, and may thus stay with their respective regional supplier in the context of a public utility contract.
Ker imajo v plinskem sektorju upravičeni odjemalci pravico, ne pa obveznosti, da zamenjajo dobavitelje, lahko tako v okviru pogodbe o javni oskrbi ostanejo pri svojem regionalnem dobavitelju.
There are however more customers that have switched to the open segment of the market in the electricity sector than in the gas sector.
Vendar se je v električnem sektorju več odjemalcev preusmerilo na odprti segment trga kot v plinskem sektorju.
In June 2005, the open segment represented 32 % of the total Hungarian electricity consumption.
Junija 2005 je odprti segment predstavljal 32 % celotne porabe električne energije na Madžarskem.
Geographical markets in electricity
Geografski trgi z električno energijo
In the present case, most of the affected markets are national in scope with the exception of the market for the distribution of electricity and the retail supply of electricity to residential customers, which are at present sub-national in scope (i.e. confined to specific distribution areas within Hungary).
V tem primeru je večina prizadetih trgov po obsegu nacionalnih z izjemo trgov za distribucijo električne energije in maloprodajne dobave električne energije gospodinjstvom, ki sta trenutno po obsegu podnacionalna (tj. omejena na posamezna distribucijska območja znotraj Madžarske).
COMPETITIVE ASSESSMENT
KONKURENČNO–PRAVNA PRESOJA
GAS MARKETS
TRGI S PLINOM
MOL WMT holds a dominant position in the wholesale supply of gas in Hungary
Družba MOL WMT ima prevladujoč položaj v veleprodajni dobavi plina na Madžarskem
Due to its previous position as legal monopolist, MOL WMT holds a dominant position in the wholesale supply of gas to RDCs and to traders in Hungary.
Ker je imela družba MOL WMT že prej položaj zakonitega monopolista, ima prevladujoč položaj pri veleprodajni dobavi plina RDD-jem in trgovcem na Madžarskem.
While MOL WMT retains its former monopoly rights on the regulated segment of the market, the Commission’s investigation has revealed the existence of significant barriers to entry on the open segment of the Hungarian gas market.
Čeprav družba MOL WMT ohrani nekdanje monopolne pravice na urejenem segmentu trga, je raziskava Komisije razkrila obstoj znatnih ovir pri vstopu v odprti segment madžarskega trga s plinom.
The main barrier faced by new entrants in Hungary is the difficulty of access to competitive sources of gas, and the lack of liquidity of the Hungarian gas wholesale market.
Glavna ovira, s katero so se na Madžarskem srečali novi konkurenti, je težaven dostop do konkurenčnih virov plina in nezadostna likvidnost madžarskega veleprodajnega trga s plinom.
In particular, MOL WMT controls and will keep controlling access to domestic gas resources and to competitive imports.
Družba MOL WMT zlasti nadzoruje in bo nadzorovala dostop do domačih virov plina ter konkurenčnega uvoza.
Hungarian domestic gas production is not negligible and amounted to approximately 3 bcm in 2004, accounting for about 20 % of the total national gas consumption.
Madžarska domača proizvodnja plina ni zanemarljiva in je v letu 2004 dosegla približno 3 milijarde kubičnih metrov, kar predstavlja okrog 20 % celotne porabe plina v državi.
The investigation has also shown that Hungarian gas is competitive compared to imported gas.
Raziskava je tudi pokazala, da je madžarski plin konkurenčen v primerjavi z uvoženim.
Imports account for 80 % of total gas consumption in Hungary and are expected to increase, as domestic production is declining.
Uvoz predstavlja 80 % celotne porabe plina na Madžarskem, pričakuje pa se njegovo povečanje, saj domača proizvodnja upada.
There are two entry points from which to import gas, the Eastern entry point (Beregovo, at the Ukrainian border) and the Western entry point (HAG, at the Austrian border).
Obstajata dve vstopni točki, od koder bo potekal uvoz plina, vzhodna vstopna točka (Beregovo, na meji z Ukrajino) in zahodna vstopna točka (HAG, na avstrijski meji).
The investigation has shown that all gas imported in Hungary — and the only competitive source of gas — is gas from Russia (i.e., sourced from Gazprom), or gas from a CIS country (in particular Turkmenistan) transiting through Russia and Ukraine (i.e., via transit pipelines under the control of Gazprom).
Raziskava je pokazala, da je ves plin, uvožen na Madžarsko, ki je tudi edini konurenčni vir plina, plin iz Rusije (tisti, ki je nabavljen pri Gazpromu) ali plin iz držav CIS (Skupnosti neodvisnih držav, zlasti Turkmenistana), ki potuje skozi Rusijo in Ukrajino (torej preko cevovodov za prenos, ki jih nadzira Gazprom).
Alternative gas sources are not expected to be available in Hungary before 2012 when the NABUCCO pipeline (bringing gas from the Middle East and Caspian area) becomes operational.
Pričakuje se, da alternativni viri plina na Madžarskem ne bodo na voljo pred letom 2012, ko bo cevovod NABUCCO (po katerem plin potuje iz Srednjega vzhoda in kaspijskega območja) začel delovati.
Prior to the liberalisation, MOL had a monopoly to import gas into Hungary.
Pred liberalizacijo je imela družba MOL pri uvozu plina na Madžarsko monopol.
In order to secure its gas supply, MOL WMT has entered into long-term supply agreements with a duration of up to […] (until […]) with Panrusgáz, Gaz de France (‘GdF’), E.ON and Bothli-Trade (Bothli-Trade has assigned this contract to EMFESZ, the only new entrant so far on the Hungarian gas market).
Da bi si družba MOL WMT zagotovila oskrbo s plinom, je sklenila dolgoročne pogodbe o oskrbi, ki so veljave vse do […] (do […]) z družbami Panrusgáz, Gaz de France („GdF“), E.ON in Bothli-Trade (Bothli-Trade je to pogodbo odstopil družbi EMFESZ, do zdaj ednini novi tekmici na madžarskem trgu s plinom).
The gas purchased by MOL WMT from E.ON and GdF, imported through the Western entry point, is physically Russian gas and is approximately [27-37 %] more expensive than the gas purchased from Gazprom via Panrusgáz or from EMFESZ.
Plin, ki ga je družba MOL WMT nabavila od družb E.ON in GdF, uvožen preko zahodne vstopne točke, je fizično ruski plin in je približno [27–37 %] dražji od plina, nabavljenega pri družbi Gazprom preko Panrusgáza ali pri družbi EMFESZ.
The market investigation has shown that it is currently difficult for new entrants to get access to Russian gas in parallel to MOL WMT’s existing contracts.
Tržna raziskava je pokazala, da novi konkurenti trenutno glede na obstoječe pogodbe družbe MOL WMT težko pridobijo dostop do ruskega plina.
It appears that there would be no incentive on the part of Gazprom to sell ‘more’ gas for exports to Hungary, other than the gas necessary to cover the ‘supply gap’ between the future increase in the Hungarian demand and the demand already covered by the existing long-term import contracts of MOL WMT.
Zdi se, da Gazprom verjetno ne bo zainteresiran za prodajo „več“ plina za izvoz na Madžarsko, kot je potrebno za zapolnitev „vrzeli v dobavi“ med prihodnjim povečanjem madžarskega povpraševanja in povpraševanjem, za katerega že veljajo dolgoročne uvozne pogodbe družbe MOL WMT.
Gazprom already supplies through Panrusgáz, its joint venture with MOL, gas quantities covering most of the needs of Hungary.
Družba Gazprom preko Panrusgáza, svoje mešane družbe z MOL-om, že dobavlja količino plina, ki zadosti večini potreb na Madžarskem.
The Commission believes that it is not possible to purchase gas from Gazprom to compete with MOL WMT.
Komisija je prepričana, da ni mogoče nabaviti plina pri družbi Gazprom, da bi konkurirali družbi MOL WMT.
First, Gazprom has no incentive to sell gas to another gas trader at a cheaper price as the quantities would simply displace the quantities it already sells for the Hungarian market.
Prvič, Gazprom ni zainteresiran za prodajo plina drugemu trgovcu s plinom po nižji ceni, saj bi količine preprosto nadomestile količine, ki jih že prodaja na madžarskem trgu.
Secondly, any gas Gazprom would sell at a more expensive price would not be competitive in Hungary.
Drugič, ves plin, ki bi ga Gazprom prodal po višji ceni, na Madžarskem ne bi bil konkurenčen.
In addition, MOL WMT enjoys and will keep enjoying significant incumbency advantages vis-à-vis potential new entrants in terms of security of supply, cost of transmission and storage of gas, notably thanks to its large customer base and significant volume of sales.
Poleg tega družba MOL WMT že ima in bo imela v primerjavi z morebitnimi novimi konkurenti številne prednosti v zvezi z zanesljivostjo oskrbe, stroškov prenosa in skladiščenjem plina, zlasti zaradi široke podatkovne baze odjemalcev in velikega obsega prodaje.
For these reasons, already prior to the transaction, MOL WMT is dominant on the various Hungarian gas wholesale markets (gas supply to RDCs, gas supply to traders, gas supply to power plants).
Zaradi teh razlogov družba MOL WMT že pred transakcijo prevladuje na različnih madžarskih veleprodajnih trgih (dobava plina RDD-jem, dobava plina trgovcem, dobava plina elektrarnam).
Impact on the Hungarian gas markets
Vpliv na madžarske trge s plinom
Supply of gas
Dobava plina
The new entity will have the ability and incentive to foreclose access to wholesale gas to its competitors (RDCs and traders) on the market for gas supply to small industrial and commercial customers
Novi pravni subjekt bo imel možnost in interes, da bo preprečil dostop do prodaje plina na debelo svojim konkurentom (RDD-jem in trgovcem) na trgu za dobavo plina malim industrijskim in komercialnim odjemalcem.
The essential change brought about by the transaction is that E.ON, unlike MOL, is active in the retail supply of gas to small industrial and commercial customers through its RDCs.
Bistvena sprememba, ki jo bo transakcija povzročila, je, da se družba E.ON, v nasprotju z družbo MOL, ukvarja z maloprodajno dobavo plina manjšim industrijskim in komercialnim odjemalcem preko svojih RDD-jev.
The merger will thus result in the creation of a vertically integrated company, active both in gas wholesaling and in gas retailing.
Združitev bo torej povzročila oblikovanje vertikalno integrirane družbe, dejavne v veleprodaji in maloprodaji plina.
Immediately after the transaction, the new entity is likely to have the ability and incentive to foreclose its actual and potential competitors on the downstream market for the supply of gas to small industrial and commercial customers, as its competitors would have to rely on the new entity to procure their wholesale gas.
Verjetno bo imel novi pravni subjekt takoj po transakciji možnost in interes, da bo izključil svoje dejanske in morebitne konkurente na veleprodajnih trgih za oskrbo malih industrijskih in komercialnih odjemalcev s plinom, saj bi bili tako njegovi konkurenti pri nakupu veleprodajnega plina odvisni od novega pravnega subjekta.
Following the merger, the new entity will have the ability to foreclose access to gas and raise its rivals’ costs in various ways.
Po združitvi bo novi pravni subjekt verjetno sposoben preprečiti dostop do plina in na različne načine dvigati stroške svojih konkurentov.
In the regulated segment of the market, where prices are regulated, the new entity could engage in non-price discrimination (such as delays in supply, reduction in quality of service, lack of flexibility, unwillingness to renegotiate, etc.).
Na urejenem segmentu trga, kjer so cene urejene s predpisi, bi novi pravni subjekt lahko izvajal necenovno diskriminacijo (kot je odlašanje z dobavo, zmanjšanje kakovosti storitev, pomanjkanje prilagodljivosti, nepripravljenost do ponovnih pogajanj itd.).
In the open segment of the market, it could directly increase the wholesale price of gas to traders and/or engage in non-price discrimination.
Na odprtem segmentu trga bi lahko neposredno povečal veleprodajno ceno plina za trgovce in/ali začel necenovno diskriminacijo.
E.ON, through its RDCs, has a market share of around [15-25 %] on the market for gas supply to small industrial and commercial customers.
Tržni delež, ki ga ima družba E.ON preko svojih RDD-jev je okrog [15–25 %] na trgu za dobavo plina malim industrijskim in komercialnim odjemalcem.
The Commission’s analysis indicates that the new entity’s incentive to raise the costs of rivals and its optimal foreclosure strategy is likely to evolve with the regulatory environment.
Analiza Komisije kaže, da bi se interes novega pravnega subjekta za dvig stroškov konkurentov in njegova optimalna strategija izključitve lahko razvili z zakonodajnim okvirom.
Immediately after the transaction: as long as both retail prices to small industrial and commercial customers and wholesale gas prices are regulated, the new entity will have an incentive to raise the costs to rival RDCs through non-price discrimination.
Takoj po transakciji: Dokler so maloprodajne cene za manjše industrijske in komercialne odjemalce ter veleprodajne cene urejene s predpisi, bo v interesu novega pravnega subjekta, da poveča stroške konkurenčnih RDD-jev z necenovno diskriminacijo.
Simultaneously, it is likely to increase the price of wholesale gas to independent traders to capture customers that switch to the open segment of the market.
Hkrati bi lahko povečal veleprodajno ceno plina za neodvisne trgovce, da bi zajel odjemalce, ki so prešli na odprti segment trga.
In July 2007: regulated prices are expected to be suppressed.
Julija 2007: Pričakuje se, da bodo cene, urejene s predpisi, odpravljene.
At that point all eligible customers will have to switch to the open segment of the market.
Takrat bodo vsi upravičeni odjemalci morali preiti na odprti segment trga.
It is then likely that the new entity will have an incentive to foreclose all its downstream rivals on the market for the supply of gas to small industrial and commercial customers either by increasing the cost of gas or by reducing the quality of supply, whatever is optimal.
Novi pravni subjekt bo verjetno zainteresiran za izključitev vseh svojih konkurentov na veleprodajnem trgu za dobavo plina malim industrijskim in komercialnim odjemalcem, bodisi s povečanjem cen plina bodisi z zmanjšanjem kakovosti dobave, kar koli bo najbolj optimalno.
As a result, competitors of the new entity are likely to be marginalised, thereby allowing the new entity to gain increased market power on the downstream market for the supply of gas to small industrial and commercial customers.
Zato bodo konkurenti novega pravnega subjekta verjetno potisnjeni na rob, kar bo novemu pravnemu subjektu omogočilo, da pridobi večjo tržno moč na trgu na koncu prodajne verige za dobavo plina malim industrijskim in komercialnim odjemalcem.
This input foreclosure is also likely to discourage new entries in this market as potential entrants will not expect to be in a position to contract gas supplies with the new entity under terms and conditions similar to those applicable to E.ON’s affiliates.
Predlagana izključitev bi tudi lahko preprečila nove vstope na ta trg, saj morebitni konkurenti ne bodo pričakovali, da se bodo morali o dobavi plina pogajati z novim pravnim subjektom pod podobnimi pogoji, kot veljajo za odvisne družbe E.ONa.
The Commission thus considers that the merger will significantly impede competition on the market for gas supply to small industrial and commercial customers.
Komisija tako meni, da bo združitev bistveno ovirala konkurenco na trgu za dobavo plina malim industrijskim in komercialnim odjemalcem.
The new entity will have the ability and incentive to foreclose access to wholesale gas to its competitors (RDCs and traders) on the market for gas supply to residential customers
Novi pravni subjekt bo imel možnost in interes, da bo svojim konkurentom (RRD-jem in trgovcem) preprečil dostop do veleprodajnega plina na trgu za dobavo plina gospodinjstvom.
currently has a market share of around [15-25 %] on the market for gas supply to residential customers in Hungary.
Trenutni tržni delež družbe E.ON na trgu za dobavo plina gospodinjstvom na Madžarskem je okrog [15–25 %].
As in the market for gas supply to small industrial and residential customers, the new entity will have the ability and incentive to foreclose access to gas to its downstream competitors on the market for gas supply to residential customers, thereby significantly impeding competition thereon.
Kot na trgu za dobavo plina malim industrijskim odjemalcem in gospodinjstvom, bo imel novi pravni subjekt možnost in interes, da bo svojim konkurentom na trgu na koncu prodajne verige preprečil dostop do plina za dobavo gospodinjstvom, kar bo znatno oviralo konkurenčnost ne tem trgu.