natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The total Community financial contribution towards the expenditure associated with eradicating avian influenza in Belgium in 2003 pursuant to Decision 2003/749/EC is fixed at EUR 8088508,16.
Skupni finančni prispevek Skupnosti k stroškom, povezanim z izkoreninjenjem aviarne influence v Belgiji leta 2003 v skladu z Odločbo 2003/749/ES, je določen na 8088508,16 EUR.
Since a first instalment of EUR 3000000 has already been granted in accordance with Decision 2003/749/EC, the balance of the Community financial contribution is fixed at EUR 5088508,16.
Ker je bil prvi obrok v višini 3000000 EUR v skladu z Odločbo 2003/749/ES že dodeljen, je preostali znesek finančnega prispevka Skupnosti določen na 5088508,16 EUR.
OJ L 271, 22.10.2003, p. 19.
UL L 271, 22.10.2003, str. 19.
Decision as amended by Decision 2004/18/EC (OJ L 5, 9.1.2004, p. 81).
Odločba, kakor je bila spremenjena z Odločbo 2004/18/ES (UL L 5, 9.1.2004, str. 81).
of 4 August 2006
z dne 4. avgusta 2006
approving a Diagnostic Manual for avian influenza as provided for in Council Directive 2005/94/EC
o odobritvi diagnostičnega priročnika za aviarno influenco v skladu z Direktivo Sveta 2005/94/ES
(notified under document number C(2006) 3477)
(notificirano pod dokumentarno številko C(2006) 3477)
Having regard to Council Directive 2005/94/EC of 20 December 2005 on Community measures for the control of avian influenza and repealing Directive 92/40/EEC [1], and in particular the second subparagraph of Article 50(1) thereof,
ob upoštevanju Direktive Sveta 2005/94/ES z dne 20. decembra 2005 o ukrepih Skupnosti za obvladovanje aviarne influence in razveljavitvi Direktive 92/40/EGS [1] ter zlasti drugega pododstavka člena 50(1) Direktive,
Directive 2005/94/EC provides for certain preventive measures relating to the surveillance and early detection of avian influenza and also minimum control measures to be applied in the event of an outbreak of that disease in poultry and other captive birds.
Direktiva 2005/94/ES določa nekatere preventivne ukrepe v zvezi z nadzorom in zgodnjim odkrivanjem aviarne influence ter tudi minimalne ukrepe za obvladovanje, ki se morajo izvajati v primeru izbruha te bolezni pri perutnini in drugih pticah v ujetništvu.
It is necessary to lay down at Community level diagnostic procedures, sampling methods and criteria for the evaluation of the results of laboratory tests for the confirmation of an outbreak of avian influenza.
Na ravni Skupnosti je treba določiti diagnostične postopke, metode vzorčenja in merila za ocenjevanje rezultatov laboratorijskih testov za potrditev izbruha aviarne influence.
Annex VII to Directive 2005/94/EC lays down the functions and duties of the Community reference laboratory for avian influenza in order to coordinate, in consultation with the Commission, the methods employed in the Member States for diagnosing that disease.
Priloga VII k Direktivi 2005/94/ES določa naloge in dolžnosti referenčnega laboratorija Skupnosti za aviarno influenco, da po posvetu s Komisijo usklajuje metode, ki se izvajajo v državah članicah za diagnosticiranje te bolezni.
Those functions and duties include the organisation of periodic comparative tests and the supplying of standard reagents at Community level.
Te naloge in dolžnosti vključujejo organizacijo periodičnih primerjalnih testov in dobavo standardnih reagentov na ravni Skupnosti.
Laboratory tests have recently been developed to ensure a quick diagnosis of avian influenza.
Najnovejši laboratorijski testi omogočajo hitro ugotavljanje aviarne influence.
The experience gained in the control of avian influenza in recent years has resulted in the identification of the most suitable sampling procedures and criteria for evaluation of the results of the laboratory tests for a proper diagnosis of this disease in different situations.
Izkušnje, pridobljene pri obvladovanju aviarne influence v zadnjih letih, so omogočile določevanje najprimernejših postopkov vzorčenja in merila za ocenjevanje rezultatov laboratorijskih testov za pravilno ugotavljanje te bolezni v različnih okoliščinah.
The measures provided for in this Decision are in accordance with the opinion of the Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health,
Ukrepi iz te odločbe so v skladu z mnenjem Stalnega odbora za prehranjevalno verigo in zdravje živali —
The diagnostic manual, as provided for in Directive 2005/94/EC and set out in the Annex to this Decision, is approved.
Diagnostični priročnik, kot je predviden v Direktivi 2005/94/ES in podrobno določen v Prilogi k tej odločbi, se odobri.
Member States shall apply the diagnostic manual from the date they transpose Directive 2005/94/EC or from 1 July 2007, whichever date is the earlier.
Države članice diagnostični uporabljajo priročnik od datuma prenosa Direktive 2005/94/ES v svojo zakonodajo ali od 1. julija 2007, pri čemer velja zgodnejši datum.
Done at Brussels, 4 August 2006.
V Bruslju, 4. avgusta 2006
DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL FOR AVIAN INFLUENZA
DIAGNOSTIČNI PRIROČNIK ZA AVIARNO INFLUENCO
Introduction, objectives and definitions
Uvod, cilji in opredelitve
In order to ensure uniform procedures for the diagnosis of avian influenza (AI) in the Community, this diagnostic manual sets out:
Da se zagotovijo enotni postopki za ugotavljanje prisotnosti aviarne influence v Skupnosti, ta diagnostični priročnik določa:
guidelines and minimum requirements for diagnostic procedures, sampling methods and criteria for the evaluation of the results of laboratory tests for a proper diagnosis of AI;
smernice in minimalne zahteve za diagnostične postopke, metode vzorčenja in merila za ocenjevanje rezultatov laboratorijskih testov za pravilno ugotavljanje aviarne influence;
the laboratory tests to be used for the diagnosis of AI and the laboratory techniques to be used for the genetic typing of AI virus isolates;
laboratorijske teste, ki se uporabljajo za ugotavljanje aviarne influence, in laboratorijske tehnike za genetsko tipizacijo izolatov virusa aviarne influence;
minimum bio-safety requirements and quality standards to be observed by the diagnostic laboratories and for the transport of samples.
minimalne zahteve za biološko varnost in standarde kakovosti, ki jih je treba upoštevati v diagnostičnih laboratorijih in pri prevozu vzorcev.
This diagnostic manual is addressed to the authorities responsible for the control of AI.
Ta diagnostični priročnik je namenjen organom, ki so odgovorni za obvladovanje aviarne influence.
Therefore, it mainly concerns principles and applications of laboratory tests and the evaluation of their results, as well as laboratory techniques.
Zato opredeljuje zlasti načela in uporabo laboratorijskih testov ter ocenjevanje njihovih rezultatov in laboratorijske tehnike.
For the purpose of this diagnostic manual, in addition to the definitions in Article 2 of Directive 2005/94/EC, the following definition also applies:
V tem diagnostičnem priročniku se, razen opredelitev pojmov iz člena 2 Direktive 2005/94/ES, uporablja tudi naslednja opredelitev:
‘diagnostic specimen’ means any animal material including a whole carcase being transported for diagnostic or investigational purposes, but excluding live infected animals.
„diagnostični vzorec“ je kakršen koli živalski material, vključno s celotnimi trupli, ki se prevaža za diagnosticiranje ali preiskave, vendar brez živih okuženih živali.
The confirmation of AI in poultry and other captive birds must be in accordance with the procedures, sampling methods and criteria for the evaluation of the results of laboratory tests set out in this diagnostic manual, and be based on one or more of the criteria in points (a), (b) and (c):
Potrditev aviarne influence pri perutnini in drugih pticah v ujetništvu mora biti v skladu s postopki, metodami vzorčenja in merili za ocenjevanje rezultatov laboratorijskih testov iz tega diagnostičnega priročnika ter temeljiti na enem ali več merilih iz točk (a), (b) in (c):
the detection of infectious virus, antigen or specific genetic material in samples of poultry or other birds' tissues, organs, blood or excreta;
odkritje kužnega virusa, antigena ali posebnega genskega materiala v vzorcih tkiva, organov, krvi ali izločkov perutnine ali drugih ptic;
the detection of clinical signs and post-mortem lesions of disease in those birds;
odkritje kliničnih znakov in patoanatomskih sprememb, značilnih za bolezen, pri teh pticah;
the demonstration of a specific antibody response in blood samples of those birds.
dokaz imunskega odziva s specifičnimi protitelesi v krvnih vzorcih teh ptic.
The confirmation of infection of mammals with an influenza A virus of avian origin which is either highly pathogenic or if low pathogenic of the H5 or H7 subtypes must be based on one or more of the criteria in points (a) or (b):
Potrditev okužbe sesalcev z virusom influence A aviarnega izvora, ki je visoko patogena, ali z nizko patogenimi virusi podtipa H5 ali H7 mora temeljiti na enem ali več meril iz točke (a) ali (b):
the detection of the AI infectious virus, antigen or specific genetic material in samples of tissues, organs, blood or excreta from mammals;
odkritje kužnega virusa aviarne influence, antigena ali posebnega genskega materiala v vzorcih tkiva, organov, krvi ali izločkov sesalcev;
the demonstration of a specific antibody response to AI in blood samples from mammals.
dokaz imunskega odziva s specifičnimi protitelesi proti aviarni influenci v krvnih vzorcih sesalcev.
The procedures, sampling methods and criteria for the evaluation of the results of laboratory tests must be:
Postopki, metode vzorčenja in merila za ocenjevanje rezultatov laboratorijskih testov morajo biti:
those set out in this diagnostic manual; or
tisti, ki so določeni v tem diagnostičnem priročniku; ali
those authorised by the competent authority provided that:
tisti, ki jih odobri pristojni organ, če:
the sensitivity and specificity of the authorised laboratory tests have been demonstrated as being effective following a comparative test organised by the Community reference laboratory for avian influenza (Community reference laboratory); or
je bila s primerjalnim testom, ki ga je organiziral referenčni laboratorij Skupnosti za aviarno influenco („referenčni laboratorij Skupnosti“), dokazana ustrezna občutljivost in specifičnost odobrenih laboratorijskih testov pooblaščenega laboratorija; ali
where no such evaluation has been organised by the Community reference laboratory for a specific type of laboratory test, the sensitivity and specificity of the authorised laboratory test have been validated by the national reference laboratory so that the laboratory test is fit for the purpose for which it is used; the results of such validation must be submitted to the Community reference laboratory for review.
je občutljivost in specifičnost odobrenega laboratorijskega testa, kadar referenčni laboratorij Skupnosti ni organiziral takšnega ocenjevanja posebne vrste laboratorijskega testa, preveril nacionalni referenčni laboratorij, tako da laboratorijski test ustreza namenu, za katerega se uporablja; rezultate takšne preveritve je treba predložiti v pregled referenčnemu laboratoriju Skupnosti.
Description of AI with emphasis on differential diagnosis
Opis aviarne influence s poudarkom na diferencialni diagnozi
Aetiology and virulence
Etiologija in virulenca
AI is a highly contagious viral infection caused by viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae, genus influenzavirus A. Influenza A viruses are the only orthomyxoviruses known to infect birds.
Aviarna influenca je zelo nalezljiva virusna okužba, ki jo povzročajo virusi iz družine Orthomyxoviridae, genus influenzavirus A. Virusi influence A so edini ortomiksovirusi, za katere je znano, da okužijo ptice.
Many species of birds have been shown to be susceptible to infection with influenza A viruses; aquatic birds form a major reservoir of such viruses, but the overwhelming majority of isolates have been of low pathogenicity in chickens and turkeys, the main birds of economic importance to be affected by the disease.
Za veliko vrst ptic je bilo dokazano, da so dovzetne za okužbo z virusi influence A; najpomembnejši rezervoar teh virusov so vodne ptice, vendar se je velika večina izolatov z nizko patogenostjo pojavila pri piščancih in puranih, glavnih gospodarsko pomembnih pticah, ki jih je prizadela ta bolezen.
Influenza A viruses have antigenically related nucleoproteins and antigenically related matrix proteins, but are classified into subtypes on the basis of the antigenic relatedness of the surface glycoproteins haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA).
Virusi influence A imajo antigensko sorodne nukleoproteine in antigensko sorodne proteine matriksa, vendar se razvrščajo v podtipe na podlagi antigenske sorodnosti površinskih glikoproteinov hemaglutinina (HA) in nevraminidaze (NA).
At present, 16 HA subtypes (H1–H16) and 9 NA subtypes (N1–N9) are recognised.
Trenutno je priznanih 16 podtipov HA (H1–H16) in 9 podtipov NA (N1–N9).
Each influenza A virus has one HA and one NA antigen, apparently in any combination.
Vsak virus influence A ima očitno v vsaki povezavi po en antigen HA in po en antigen NA.
Influenza A viruses are divided into two groups on the bases of their ability to cause disease in susceptible poultry:
Virusi influence A so razvrščeni v dve skupini na podlagi svoje sposobnosti povzročanja bolezni pri dovzetni perutnini:
highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses, which cause an extremely serious disease characterised by generalised infection of the infected poultry, where they may induce very high flock mortality (up to 100 %); and
virusi visoko patogene aviarne influence (HPAI), ki povzročajo izjemno resno bolezen, za katero je značilna generalizirana okužba okužene perutnine, ki lahko povzroči zelo visoko umrljivost jat (do 100 %); in
low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses, which cause a mild, primarily respiratory, disease in poultry, unless there is exacerbation by other co-infections or factors.
virusi nizko patogene aviarne influence (LPAI), ki pri perutnini povzročajo milejšo, predvsem dihalno obliko bolezni, razen če jo poslabšajo druge istočasne okužbe ali dejavniki.
Primary introductions of AI viruses to poultry farms most likely originate from direct or indirect contact with wild birds.
Prve vnose virusov aviarne influence na perutninske kmetije najverjetneje povzroča neposreden ali posreden stik z divjimi pticami.
In domestic poultry, there is a possibility that such LPAI viruses introduced from a wild reservoir may circulate undetected, as clinical signs are often mild or absent.
Pri domači perutnini obstaja možnost, da se takšni virusi LPAI, ki jih vnesejo divje ptice, ne odkrijejo, ker so klinični znaki pogosto milejši ali jih ni.
Once introduced into poultry, LPAI virus strains of H5 and H7 subtypes may then mutate into HPAI strains.
Ko se sevi virusa podtipov H5 in H7 prenesejo na perutnino, lahko mutirajo v seve HPAI.
To date, only viruses of the H5 and H7 subtypes have been shown to cause HPAI.
Do zdaj so le virusi podtipov H5 in H7 dokazano povzročali HPAI.
Although it appears that several mechanisms may be responsible for mutation from the LPAI to the HPAI virus, the factors that bring about this mutation are not known.
Čeprav se zdi, da je za mutacijo virusa LPAI v virus HPAI odgovornih več mehanizmov, dejavniki, ki to mutacijo povzročajo, niso znani.
In some instances mutation seems to have taken place rapidly at the primary site after introduction from wild birds, in other instances the LPAI virus has circulated in poultry for months before mutating.
V nekaterih primerih se zdi, da je mutacija nastala na območju prvotne okužbe kmalu po prenosu z divjih ptic, v drugih pa se je virus LPAI pred mutacijo več mesecev prenašal med perutnino.
Therefore, it is impossible to predict if and when such mutation will occur.
Zato ni mogoče predvideti, če in kdaj bo nastala takšna mutacija.
However, it may reasonably be assumed that the more widespread the circulation of LPAI in poultry, the higher the chances that mutation to HPAI will occur.
Vseeno lahko upravičeno predvidevamo, da širše prenašanje LPAI med perutnino povečuje možnosti za mutacijo v HPAI.
The incubation period is difficult to estimate and probably varies with the strain of virus and host, usually five to six days is quoted, but the range for individual birds is probably from a few hours to about seven days.
Inkubacijsko dobo je težko oceniti in je verjetno odvisna od seva virusa in gostitelja; običajno se navaja doba petih ali šestih dni, vendar je razpon za posamezne ptice verjetno od nekaj ur do približno sedem dni.
Clinical signs in birds infected with HPAI virus
Klinični znaki pri pticah, okuženih z virusom HPAI
The clinical signs are very variable and are influenced by factors such as the virulence of the infecting virus, the species affected, age, sex, concurrent diseases and environment.
Klinični znaki so zelo različni in odvisni od dejavnikov, kot so virulenca kužnega virusa, prizadete vrste, starost, spol, sočasne bolezni in okolje.
Early signs can include inappetence, reduction in water intake and relatively low mortality.
Zgodnji znaki lahko vključujejo izgubo apetita, zmanjšano porabo vode in sorazmerno nizko umrljivost.
However, alternatively the disease may appear suddenly in a flock and many birds may die either without premonitory signs or with minimal signs of depression, inappetence, ruffled feathers and fever.
Na drugi strani pa se lahko bolezen v jati pojavi nenadoma in povzroči smrt veliko ptic brez zgodnjih znakov ali pa z manjšimi znaki izčrpanosti, izgube teka, nasršenega perja in vročine.
Generally the longer birds survive the more marked are the clinical signs.
Na splošno pomeni daljše preživetje ptic bolj izražene klinične znake.
The timeline for the development of signs depends on the virus, host and initial infecting dose together with husbandry system.
Časovno obdobje za razvoj znakov je odvisno od virusa, gostitelja in začetne količine virusa ter sistema reje.
The virus spreads more slowly in caged layers or outdoor birds compared to in broiler houses.
Virus se pri nesnicah v kletkah ali prostoživečih pticah prenaša počasneje v primerjavi s tistimi v hlevih za pitanje.
Hens infected with the HPAI virus may at first lay soft-shelled eggs, but soon stop laying.
Kokoši, okužene z virusom HPAI, lahko najprej še nesejo jajca z mehko lupino, vendar kmalu nehajo nesti.
Sick birds often sit or stand in a semi-comatose state with their heads touching the ground.
Bolne ptice pogosto sedijo ali stojijo v napol otrplem stanju, njihove glave se dotikajo tal.
Combs and wattles are cyanotic and oedematous, and may have petechial or ecchymotic haemorrhages at their tips.
Rože in podbradki so cianotični in vodenični ter lahko imajo na robovih petehialne in ehimotske krvavitve.
Profuse watery diarrhoea is frequently present and birds are excessively thirsty.
Pogosto se pojavlja močna vodena driska in ptice so nenavadno žejne.
Respiration may be laboured and excessive lacrimation may be seen.
Dihanje je lahko oteženo in opazno je pretirano solzenje.
Haemorrhages may be seen on unfeathered areas of skin.
Na površini kože brez perja so lahko opazne krvavitve.
The flock mortality rates vary from 50 to 100 %.
Stopnja umrljivosti v jati je med 50 in 100 %.
In broilers, the signs of HPAI are frequently less obvious than for other poultry and usually include severe depression, inappetence, and a very marked increase in mortality may be the first abnormality observed.
Pri pitovnih piščancih so znaki HPAI pogosto manj očitni kot pri ostali perutnini ter običajno vključujejo močno izčrpanost, izgubo teka in zelo očitno povečanje umrljivosti, ki je lahko prva opažena bolezenska sprememba.
Oedema of the face and neck and neurological signs such as torticollis and ataxia may also be seen.
Vidni so lahko tudi edemi na prednjem delu glave in vratu ter nevrološki znaki, kot sta tortikolis in slaba koordinacija v hoji.
HPAI in turkeys is similar to that seen in domestic fowl, but some HPAI viruses appear more virulent in turkeys while others appear less virulent.
HPAI pri puranih je podobna kot pri domačih kokoših, vendar se zdi, da so nekateri virusi HPAI pri puranih bolj virulentni, drugi pa manj.
In geese infected with the HPAI virus the signs of depression, inappetence and diarrhoea are similar to those in layers, though frequently with swollen sinuses.
Pri goseh, okuženih z virusom HPAI, so znaki izčrpanosti, izgube teka in driske podobni znakom pri nesnicah, vendar se pogosto pojavlja še vnetje sluznice sinusov.
Younger birds may exhibit neurological signs.
Pri mlajših pticah se lahko pojavijo nevrološki znaki.
Ducks may show no clinical signs when infected with HPAI viruses, but some strains have been reported to induce signs similar to those in geese with some mortality.
Pri racah, okuženih z virusi HPAI, klinični znaki niso nujno vidni, vendar se poroča, da nekateri sevi povzročajo znake, podobne tistim pri goseh, z določeno stopnjo umrljivosti.
Clinical signs may be absent in HPAI and LPAI infections of ostriches.
Pri okužbah nojev s HPAI in LPAI se klinični znaki lahko ne pojavijo.
In HPAI outbreaks, such as those in Italy in 1999 and 2000, guinea fowl and Japanese quail were reported to be susceptible to infections with signs and mortality resembling the disease in chickens or turkeys.
Ob izbruhih HPAI, kot tistem v Italiji v letih 1999/2000, je bilo ugotovljeno, da so pegatke in japonske prepelice dovzetne za okužbe ter kažejo znake in umrljivost, podobno bolezni pri piščancih ali puranih.
However, in some experimental studies quail have been reported to be resistant to some HPAI strains.
Vseeno je bilo v nekaterih poskusnih študijah ugotovljeno, da so prepelice odporne na nekatere seve HPAI.
For all birds, the presence of antibodies to the same H subtype whether by vaccination or natural infection may mean that infection with HPAI virus does not result in overt clinical signs.
Pri vseh pticah lahko prisotnost protiteles proti enakemu podtipu H zaradi cepljenja ali naravne okužbe pomeni, da okužba z virusom HPAI ne povzroči vidnih kliničnih znakov.
Post-mortem lesions in birds infected with HPAI virus
Patoanatomske spremembe pri pticah, okuženih z virusom HPAI
Birds that die peracutely may show minimal gross lesions, consisting of dehydration and congestion of viscera and muscles.
Pri pticah, ki poginejo perakutno, je lahko vidnih le malo očitnih sprememb, ki vključujejo dehidracijo ter kongestijo notranjih organov in mišic.
In birds that die after a prolonged clinical course, petechial and ecchymotic haemorrhages occur throughout the body, particularly in the larynx, trachea, proventriculus and epicardial fat, and on serosal surfaces adjacent to the sternum.
Pri pticah, ki poginejo po dolgotrajnem kliničnem postopku, se po celotnem trupu pojavljajo petehialne in ehimotske krvavitve, zlasti v grlu, sapniku, predželodcu in epikardialni maščobi ter na seroznih površinah ob prsnici.
There is extensive subcutaneous oedema, particularly around the head and hocks.
Opazen je obsežen podkožni edem, zlasti okoli glave in podkolenic.
The carcase may be dehydrated.
Truplo je lahko dehidrirano.
Yellow or grey necrotic foci may be present in the spleen, liver, kidneys and lungs.
V vranici, jetrih, ledvicah in pljučih so lahko rumena ali siva nekrotična žarišča.
The air sac may contain an exudate.
Zračna vrečka lahko vsebuje vodne kapljice.
The spleen may be enlarged and haemorrhagic.
Vranica je lahko povečana in krvaveča.
AI is characterised histologically by vascular disturbances leading to oedema, haemorrhages and perivascular cuffing, especially in the myocardium, spleen, lungs, brain, pancreas and wattles.
Histološki znaki aviarne influence so motnje v delovanju ožilja, ki povzročajo edem, krvavitve in perivaskularni limfocitarni encefalitis, zlasti v srčni mišici, vranici, pljučih, možganih, trebušni slinavki in podbradku.
Necrotic foci are present in the lungs, liver and kidneys.
V pljučih, jetrih in ledvicah so prisotna nekrotična žarišča.
Gliosis, vascular proliferation and neuronal degeneration may be present in the brain.
V možganih lahko nastanejo glioza, širjenje žil in degeneracija nevronov.
Differential diagnosis
Diferencialna diagnoza