natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Current international standards, such as the fifth edition of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) Balance of Payments Manual (hereinafter ‘the BPM5’) and the IMF/Bank for International Settlements template on International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity, have been used as a reference in formulating these concepts and definitions.
Za referenco pri oblikovanju teh konceptov in opredelitev so bili uporabljeni trenutno veljavni mednarodni standardi, kot sta peta izdaja Priročnika za plačilno bilanco (Balance of Payments Manual, v nadaljevanju: „priročnik“) Mednarodnega denarnega sklada (MDS) ter predloga MDS in Banke za mednarodne poravnave za dajanje podatkov o mednarodnih rezervah in devizni likvidnosti (International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity).
The most important harmonisation proposals are listed below in line with the ECB’s methodological notes on ‘Balance of payments and international investment position of the euro area (including reserves)’ published on its website at http://www.ecb.int.
Najpomembnejši usklajevalni predlogi so navedeni spodaj, v skladu z metodološkimi opombami ECB iz dokumenta „Balance of payments and international investment position of the euro area (including reserves)“, objavljenega na spletni strani: http://www.ecb.int.
Further guidance is available in Chapters 2 and 3 of the ECB’s publication European Union balance of payments/international investment position statistical methods (hereinafter ‘the B.o.p. book’) which is revised annually and is available both on the website and in hard copy.
Dodatni napotki so na voljo v poglavjih 2 in 3 publikacije ECB „European Union balance of payments/international investment position statistical methods“ (v nadaljevanju: „B.o.p. Book“), ki se letno revidira in je na voljo na spletni strani in v tiskani obliki.
Concepts and definitions of selected items
Koncepti in opredelitve izbranih postavk
Investment income (see also B.o.p. book, Section 3.4)
Prihodek od kapitala (glej tudi oddelek 3.4 B.o.p. Book)
Investment income incorporates income derived from a euro-area resident’s ownership of a non-euro-area financial asset (credits) and symmetrically, income derived from a non-euro-area resident’s ownership of a euro-area financial asset (debits).
Prihodek od kapitala vključuje prihodek iz naslova lastništva rezidenta euroobmočja nad finančnimi imetji zunaj euroobmočja (krediti) in simetrično prihodek iz naslova lastništva rezidenta zunaj euroobmočja nad finančnimi imetji v euroobmočju (debeti).
Where they are separately identifiable, gains and losses on (capital) holdings are not classified as income on investments, but as changes in the value of the investments due to market price developments.
Če je mogoče izločiti kapitalske dobičke in izgube, se ti obravnavajo ločeno in se ne razvrščajo kot prihodek od kapitala, ampak kot spremembe v vrednosti naložb, ki so posledica sprememb tržnih cen.
Investment income includes income generated by direct investment, portfolio investment and other investment and by the Eurosystem’s reserve assets.
Prihodek od kapitala vključuje prihodek od neposrednih naložb, naložb v vrednostne papirje in ostalih naložb ter rezervnih imetij Eurosistema.
However, net flows associated with interest-rate derivatives are recorded under ‘financial derivatives’ in the financial account.
Neto tokovi, povezani z izvedenimi instrumenti v zvezi z obrestno mero, se v finančnem računu knjižijo pod postavko izvedeni finančni instrumenti.
Reinvested earnings are recorded under ‘direct investment income’.
Reinvestirani dobički se knjižijo pod postavko „prihodek od neposrednih naložb“.
They are defined as the direct investor’s share of the total consolidated profits earned by the direct investment enterprise in the given reference period (after allowing for tax, interest and depreciation) less dividends due for payment in the reference period, even if these dividends relate to profits earned in previous periods.
Opredeljeni so kot delež neposrednega investitorja v celotnem konsolidiranem dobičku, ki ga zasluži podjetje, v katero se neposredno vlaga, v danem referenčnem obdobju (po plačilu davkov in obresti ter amortizaciji), zmanjšano za dividende, ki zapadejo v plačilo v referenčnem obdobju, četudi se te dividende nanašajo na dobiček iz preteklih obdobij.
The requirements for monthly and quarterly balance of payments data are almost identical to IMF Standard Components as defined in the BPM5.
Zahteve za mesečne in četrtletne podatke plačilne bilance so skoraj enake standardnim elementom MDS, kakor so opredeljeni v priročniku.
The main difference is that the ECB does not require a breakdown of direct investment income on equity into distributed and undistributed profits.
Glavna razlika je, da ECB ne zahteva razčlenitve prihodka od lastniškega kapitala iz naslova neposrednih naložb na razdeljeni in nerazdeljeni dobiček.
Interest income is recorded on an accruals basis (this is not required for the monthly data).
Prihodki od obresti se knjižijo na podlagi obračunskega načela (to se ne zahteva za mesečne podatke).
Dividends are recorded as of the date on which they become payable.
Dividende se knjižijo na dan, ko zapadejo v plačilo.
Reinvested earnings are to be recorded in the period in which they are earned.
Reinvestirani dobički morajo biti knjiženi v obdobju, v katerem se zaslužijo.
Capital account (see also B.o.p. book, Section, 3.6)
Kapitalski račun (glej tudi oddelek 3.6 B.o.p. Book)
The capital account covers capital transfers and the acquisition/disposal of non-produced non-financial assets.
Kapitalski račun zajema kapitalske transferje in pridobitev/odsvojitev neproizvedenih nefinančnih sredstev.
Current transfers are to be recorded in the current account.
Tekoči transferji morajo biti knjiženi v tekočem računu.
Capital transfers consist of (i) transfers of ownership of fixed assets, (ii) transfers of funds linked to, or conditional upon, the acquisition or disposal of fixed assets and (iii) the cancellation, without any consideration being received in return, of liabilities by creditors.
Kapitalski transferji so sestavljeni iz (i) prenosa lastništva osnovnih sredstev; (ii) prenosa sredstev, ki so povezani ali pogojeni s pridobitvijo ali odsvojitvijo osnovnih sredstev; in (iii) odpisa obveznosti s strani upnikov, ne da bi v zameno prejeli nadomestilo.
Capital transfers may be in cash or in kind (such as debt forgiveness).
Kapitalski transferji so lahko v denarju ali v naravi (na primer odpust dolga).
The distinction between current and capital transfers, in practice, rests in the use of the transfer by the recipient country.
Razlika med tekočimi in kapitalskimi transferji je, v praksi, odvisna od uporabe transferjev v državi prejemnici.
Acquisition/disposal of non-produced non-financial assets covers mainly intangibles such as patents, leases or other transferable contracts.
Pridobitev/odsvojitev neproizvedenih nefinančnih sredstev zajema pretežno neopredmetena sredstva, kot so patenti, najemi ali druge prenosljive pogodbe.
Only the purchase/sale of such assets, but not their use, is to be recorded in this item of the capital account.
Pod to postavko kapitalskega računa se knjiži le nakup/prodaja takih sredstev, ne pa njihova uporaba.
While the IMF’s standard components of the capital account consist of a sectoral breakdown into the items ‘general government’ and ‘other sectors’ (with a further breakdown thereafter), the ECB compiles only a lump-sum capital account, without any breakdown.
Medtem ko so standardni elementi kapitalskega računa MDS sestavljeni iz sektorske razčlenitve na postavke država in „ostali sektorji“ (z dodatno nadaljnjo razčlenitvijo), ECB pripravlja le okvirni kapitalski račun brez kakršne koli razčlenitve.
Direct investment (see also B.o.p. book, Section 3.7)
Neposredne naložbe (glej tudi oddelek 3.7 B.o.p. Book)
Direct investment is a category of international investment that reflects the objective of an entity resident in one economy to obtain a lasting interest in an enterprise resident in another economy.
Neposredne naložbe so kategorija mednarodnih naložb, ki odraža namen rezidenta določenega gospodarstva, da pridobi trajen interes v podjetju, ki je rezident drugega gospodarstva.
In line with international standards (IMF), the ‘10 % ownership criterion’ is applied in order to infer the existence of a direct investment relationship, i.e. a lasting interest in the case of the euro-area balance of payments/international investment position.
V skladu z mednarodnimi standardi (MDS) se uporablja „merilo 10-odstotnega lastništva“, da se ugotovi obstoj neposrednega naložbenega razmerja, t.j. trajnega interesa v primeru plačilne bilance/stanja mednarodnih naložb euroobmočja.
Based on this criterion, a direct investment relationship can exist between a number of related enterprises, regardless of whether the linkage involves a single chain or a number of chains.
Na podlagi tega merila lahko neposredno naložbeno razmerje obstaja med različnimi povezanimi podjetji, ne glede na to, ali povezava vključuje eno verigo ali več verig.
It can extend to a direct investment enterprise’s subsidiaries, sub-subsidiaries and associates.
To razmerje se lahko razširi na družbe, ki so v razmerju do podjetja, v katero se neposredno vlaga, hčerinske družbe, odvisne družbe teh hčerinskih družb in povezane družbe.
Once the direct investment is established, all subsequent financial flows/holdings between/vis-à-vis the related entities are recorded as direct investment transactions/positions [1].
Po izvršitvi neposredne naložbe se vsi nadaljnji finančni tokovi/imetja med oziroma v razmerju do povezanih subjektov knjižijo kot transakcije/imetja neposrednih naložb [1].
Following the IMF standards and Eurostat/OECD guidelines, direct investment relationships of the euro area are recorded using the directional principle, implying that the financial transactions between the euro-area resident direct investor and the non-euro-area direct investment enterprises are classified as ‘direct investment abroad’.
V skladu s standardi MDS in smernicami Eurostata/OECD se neposredna naložbena razmerja euroobmočja knjižijo z uporabo načela smeri naložbe, kar pomeni, da se finančne transakcije med neposrednim investitorjem, ki je rezident euroobmočja, in podjetji, v katere se neposredno vlaga, ki niso rezidenti euroobmočja, uvrščajo pod neposredne naložbe v tujini.
Symmetrically, the financial transactions between resident direct investment enterprises and non-euro-area direct investors are classified under the ‘direct investment in the reporting economy’ item of the euro-area balance of payments.
Simetrično se finančne transakcije med rezidentskimi podjetji, v katere se neposredno vlaga, in neposrednimi vlagatelji, ki niso rezidenti euroobmočja, v plačilni bilanci euroobmočja uvrščajo pod postavko „neposredne naložbe v državi poročevalki“.
The components of direct investment are equity capital, reinvested earnings and ‘other capital’ associated with various inter-company debt operations.
Elementi neposrednih naložb so lastniški kapital, reinvestirani dobički in „ostali kapital“, povezan z različnimi dolžniškimi posli med družbami.
Equity capital comprises equity in branches as well as all shares in subsidiaries and associates.
Lastniški kapital zajema lastniške deleže v podružnicah in vse deleže v hčerinskih in povezanih družbah.
Reinvested earnings consist of the offsetting entry to the direct investor’s share of earnings not distributed as dividends by subsidiaries or associates and earnings of branches not remitted to the direct investor and which are recorded under ‘investment income’.
Reinvestirani dobički so protipostavka deleža prihodkov neposrednega vlagatelja, ki jih hčerinske ali povezane družbe niso razdelile kot dividende, in prihodkov podružnic, ki niso bili nakazani neposrednemu vlagatelju in so knjiženi pod postavko „prihodek od kapitala“.
‘Other capital’ covers all financial operations between affiliated companies (borrowing and lending of funds) — including debt securities and suppliers’ credits (i.e. trade credits) — between direct investors and subsidiaries, branches and associates.
„Ostali kapital“ zajema vse finančne posle med povezanimi družbami (najemanje in posojanje sredstev) - vključno z dolžniškimi vrednostnimi papirji in krediti dobaviteljev (t.j. komercialnimi krediti) – med neposrednimi vlagatelji ter hčerinskimi družbami, podružnicami in povezanimi družbami.
With regard to the valuation of direct investment stocks, the internationally recommended approach is to use market prices.
Za vrednotenje stanja neposrednih naložb se na mednarodni ravni priporoča uporaba tržne vrednosti.
This approach is applied to the valuation of equity stocks in the case of direct investment companies listed in stock exchanges.
Ta pristop se uporablja za vrednotenje stanja lastniškega kapitala v družbah, v katere se neposredno vlaga, ki kotirajo na borzi.
Conversely, in the case of unlisted direct investment companies, equity stocks are valued on the basis of book values using a common definition comprising the following accounting items:
Nasprotno se v primeru družb, v katere se neposredno vlaga, ki ne kotirajo na borzi, stanje lastniškega kapitala vrednoti na podlagi knjigovodske vrednosti, pri čemer se uporabi enotna opredelitev, ki jo sestavljajo naslednje računovodske postavke:
paid-up capital (excluding own shares and including shares premium accounts);
vplačani kapital (brez lastnih deležev in vključno z vplačanim presežkom kapitala);
all types of reserves (including investment grants when accounting guidelines consider them as company’s reserves);
vse vrste rezerv (vključno z investicijskimi subvencijami, če jih računovodske smernice štejejo za rezerve družbe); in
non-distributed profits net of losses (including results for the current year).
nerazdeljeni dobiček po pokritju izgube (vključno z rezultati za tekoče leto).
As memorandum items, the book values of equity stocks in listed direct investment companies are also required using the same common definition.
Knjigovodske vrednosti stanja lastniškega kapitala v družbah, v katere se neposredno vlaga, ki kotirajo na borzi, se zahtevajo tudi kot pojasnjevalne postavke na podlagi iste enotne opredelitve.
The work of the joint ECB/Commission (Eurostat) Task Force on Foreign Direct Investment led to some recommendations aimed at harmonising methodology and practices across Member States.
Delo skupne projektne skupine ECB in Komisije (Eurostat) za tuje neposredne naložbe je privedlo do nekaterih priporočil, usmerjenih v poenotenje metodologije in prakse v državah članicah.
TABLE 1 summarises the main recommendations.
Tabela 1 povzema glavna priporočila.
Portfolio investment (see also B.o.p. book, Section 3.8)
Naložbe v vrednostne papirje (glej tudi oddelek 3.8 B.o.p. Book)
The euro-area portfolio investment account includes (i) equity securities and (ii) debt securities in the form of bonds and notes and money market instruments, unless they are categorised either as direct investment or as reserve assets.
Račun naložb v vrednostne papirje euroobmočja vključuje (i) lastniške vrednostne papirje in (ii) dolžniške vrednostne papirje v obliki obveznic in zadolžnic ter instrumentov denarnega trga, razen če se uvrščajo med neposredne naložbe ali rezervna imetja.
Financial derivatives as well as repurchase agreements and securities lending are excluded from portfolio investment.
Naložbe v vrednostne papirje ne vključujejo izvedenih finančnih instrumentov, poslov začasne prodaje in posojanja vrednostnih papirjev.
The ‘equity securities’ item covers all instruments representing claims on the residual value of incorporated enterprises after the claims of all creditors have been met.
Postavka „lastniški vrednostni papirji“ zajema vse instrumente, ki predstavljajo terjatve do preostale vrednosti korporativnih podjetij po poravnavi terjatev vseh upnikov.
Stocks, shares, preference stocks or shares, participation certificates or similar documents denote ownership of equity.
Imetništvo lastniškega kapitala je lahko v obliki deležev, delnic, prednostnih deležev ali delnic, potrdil o udeležbi ali podobnih dokumentov.
Transactions/holdings of shares of collective investment institutions, e.g. investment funds, are also included.
Pod isto postavko spadajo tudi transakcije/imetja deležev institucij za kolektivne naložbe, kot so npr. investicijski skladi.
Bonds and notes are securities issued with an initial maturity of more than one year which usually give the holder (i) the unconditional right to a fixed monetary income or contractually determined variable monetary income (payment of interest being independent of the earnings of the debtor) and (ii) the unconditional right to a fixed sum in repayment of principal on a specified date or dates.
Obveznice in zadolžnice so vrednostni papirji z začetnim rokom zapadlosti, daljšim od enega leta, ki imetniku običajno dajejo (i) nepogojno pravico do fiksnega denarnega prihodka ali pogodbeno določenega spremenljivega denarnega prihodka (plačilo obresti ni odvisno od zaslužka dolžnika) in (ii) nepogojno pravico do fiksnega zneska iz naslova vračila glavnice na določen datum ali datume.
Unlike bonds and notes, money market instruments are securities issued with an initial maturity of one year or less.
Za razliko od obveznic in zadolžnic so instrumenti denarnega trga vrednostni papirji z začetnim rokom zapadlosti eno leto ali manj.
They generally give the holder the unconditional right to receive a stated, fixed sum of money on a specified date.
Imetniku v splošnem dajejo nepogojno pravico do prejema določenega fiksnega zneska denarja na določen datum.
These instruments are usually traded, at a discount, in organised markets; the discount is dependent upon the interest rate and the time remaining to maturity.
S temi instrumenti se navadno trguje, z diskontom, na organiziranem trgu; diskont je odvisen od obrestne mere in preostale dobe do zapadlosti.
The report by the Task Force on Portfolio Investment Data Collection Systems was followed by national feasibility studies concerning the possibility of data collection on a security-by-security basis euro-area-wide.
Poročilu projektne skupine za sisteme zbiranja podatkov o naložbah v vrednostne papirje so sledile nacionalne študije izvedljivosti glede možnosti zbiranja podatkov po posameznih vrednostnih papirjih za euroobmočje.
These studies were carried out by the then 15 European Union Member States and concluded with an agreement to collect, as a minimum, quarterly portfolio investment stocks in the euro area on a security-by-security basis.
Te študije je izvedlo tedanjih 15 držav članic Evropske unije in so bile zaključene z dogovorom, da se po posameznih vrednostnih papirjih v euroobmočju zbira vsaj četrtletno stanje naložb v vrednostne papirje.
This agreement established four valid models for the compilation of portfolio investment statistics, as presented in the table contained in Annex VI.
Na podlagi tega dogovora so nastali štirje veljavni modeli za pripravo statistike o naložbah v vrednostne papirje, ki so predstavljeni v tabeli v Prilogi VI.
For the sectoral breakdown of the euro-area net liabilities in portfolio investment, the requirements regarding international investment position data are the same as for balance of payments flows.
Za sektorsko razčlenitev neto obveznosti euroobmočja iz naložb v vrednostne papirje so zahteve glede podatkov o stanju mednarodnih naložb enake kot za tokove plačilne bilance.
The recording of portfolio investment transactions in the euro-area balance of payments takes place when the euro-area creditors or debtors enter the claim or liability in their books.
Knjiženje transakcij pri naložbah v vrednostne papirje v plačilni bilanci euroobmočja se opravi, ko upniki ali dolžniki euroobmočja vnesejo terjatve ali obveznosti v svoje poslovne knjige.
Transactions are recorded at the effective price received or paid, less commission and expenses.
Transakcije se knjižijo na podlagi dejansko prejete ali plačane cene, zmanjšane za provizijo in stroške.
Thus, in the case of securities with coupons, the interest accrued from the last payment of interest is included and, in that of securities issued at a discount, the interest accumulated since the issue is included.
V primeru vrednostnih papirjev s kuponi so tako vključene natečene obresti od zadnjega plačila obresti, v primeru vrednostnih papirjev z diskontom ob izdaji pa so vključene natečene obresti od datuma izdaje.
Inclusion of interest accrued is required for the financial account of the quarterly balance of payments and the international investment position; in the monthly balance of payments the same treatment is encouraged; these recordings in the quarterly (and monthly) financial account need to have offsetting entries in the respective income account.
Vključitev natečenih obresti se zahteva za finančne račune četrtletne plačilne bilance in stanje mednarodnih naložb; uporaba tega sistema se priporoča tudi za mesečno plačilno bilanco; take knjižbe v četrtletnem (in mesečnem) finančnem računu morajo imeti protipostavke v ustreznih računih prihodkov.
Financial derivatives (see also B.o.p. book, Section 3.9)
Izvedeni finančni instrumenti (glej tudi oddelek 3.9 B.o.p.
Financial derivatives are financial instruments that are linked to a specific financial instrument, indicator or commodity, and through which specific financial risks can be traded in financial markets in their own right.
Book) Izvedeni finančni instrumenti so finančni instrumenti, ki so povezani s specifičnim finančnim instrumentom, kazalnikom ali blagom in prek katerih se lahko na finančnih trgih samostojno trguje s specifičnimi finančnimi tveganji.
Transactions in financial derivatives are treated as separate transactions rather than as integral parts of the value of underlying transactions to which they may be linked.
Transakcije z izvedenimi finančnimi instrumenti se obravnavajo kot ločene transakcije in ne kot sestavni deli vrednosti osnovnih transakcij, s katerimi so lahko povezane.
Transactions and positions in options, futures, swaps, forward foreign exchange contracts, credit derivatives and embedded derivatives are recorded in the balance of payments, international reserves and international investment position.
Transakcije in stanja opcij, terminskih pogodb, zamenjav, nestandariziranih terminskih pogodb na tujo valuto, kreditnih izvedenih instrumentov in vgrajenih izvedenih instrumentov se knjižijo v plačilni bilanci, mednarodnih rezervah in stanju mednarodnih naložb.
For practical reasons, embedded derivatives are not distinguished from the underlying instrument to which they are linked.
Iz praktičnih razlogov se vgrajenih izvedenih instrumentov ne ločuje od osnovnega instrumenta, s katerim so povezani.
Net flows associated with interest-rate derivatives are recorded as financial derivatives, not as investment income, in line with recent international agreement.
Neto tokovi, povezani z izvedenimi instrumenti v zvezi z obrestno mero, se v skladu z nedavnim mednarodnim sporazumom knjižijo kot izvedeni finančni instrumenti in ne kot prihodek od kapitala.
The classification of specific instruments of credit derivatives should be decided on a case-by-case basis.
Klasifikacija specifičnih instrumentov kreditnih izvedenih instrumentov se določi za vsak primer posebej.
Initial margin payments are regarded as changes in deposits and should be recorded, if identifiable, under ‘other investment’.
Plačila začetnega kritja (initial margin) se štejejo za spremembe vlog in se morajo knjižiti, če se jih da izločiti, pod postavko „ostale naložbe“.
The treatment of variation margin payments depends on the form of the variation margin: options-style variation margins are regarded, in principle, as changes in deposits and should be recorded, if identifiable, under ‘other investment’.
Obravnava plačil gibljivega kritja (variation margin) je odvisna od oblike gibljivega kritja: plačila gibljivega kritja v obliki opcije se načeloma štejejo kot spremembe vlog in se morajo knjižiti, če se jih da izločiti, pod postavko „ostale naložbe“.