natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
According to the second gas directive [2] and the derogation granted to Portugal, 33 % of the Portuguese gas market shall be liberalised at the latest by 2007, all non-residential customers at the latest by 2009 and all customers (including residential customers) at the latest by 2010.
V skladu z drugo plinsko direktivo [2] in odstopanjem, odobrenim za Portugalsko, bo liberalizacija 33 % trga plina na Portugalskem izvedena najkasneje do leta 2007, medtem ko bo liberalizacija trga za vse industrijske odjemalce izvedena najkasneje do leta 2009, za vse druge odjemalce (vključno z gospodinjstvi) pa najkasneje do leta 2010.
The Portuguese government may decide to start the liberalisation process earlier.
Portugalska vlada lahko sproži proces liberalizacije že prej.
RELEVANT MARKET
UPOŠTEVNI TRG
RELEVANT ELECTRICITY MARKET
UPOŠTEVNI TRG ELEKTRIČNE ENERGIJE
RELEVANT PRODUCT MARKET
UPOŠTEVNI PROIZVODNI TRG
Taking into consideration the specifics of the Portuguese markets and the competitive and regulatory framework, the Commission has reached the conclusion that the following markets should indeed be distinguished:
Komisija je ob upoštevanju posebnosti portugalskih trgov ter konkurenčnega in regulativnega okvira sklenila, da je treba na vsak način razločevati med naslednjimi trgi:
wholesale supply of electricity,
grosistična oskrba z električno energijo;
provision of regulating/balancing power services [3],
opravljanje dejavnosti na področju upravljanja in uravnavanja energije [3];
transmission grid,
prenosno omrežje;
distribution grid,
distribucijsko omrežje;
retail supply of electricity (large customers and small customers).
maloprodajna oskrba z električno energijo (velikih in malih odjemalcev).
The National Electric System is organised in two co-existing systems, the public electricity system or ‘bound system’ (Sistema Eléctrico de Serviço Público, SEP) and the independent electricity system (Sistema Eléctrico Independente, SEI).
Nacionalni elektroenergetski sistem sestoji iz dveh vzporednih sistemov – javnega elektroenergetskega ali „zaprtega“ sistema (Sistema Eléctrico de Serviço Público, „SEP“) in neodvisnega elektroenergetskega sistema (Sistema Eléctrico Independente, „SEI“).
The national transmission grid is used for both systems and is exploited under a concession regime by Rede Eléctrica National (REN).
Nacionalno prenosno omrežje je namenjeno obema sistemoma, izključno pravico do uporabe pa ima družba Rede Eléctrica Nacional („REN“).
SEP is a regulated system that covers generation and distribution.
SEP je zakonsko urejen sistem, ki obsega pridobivanje in distribucijo.
It is composed of ‘bound’ generators and ‘bound’ distribution networks.
Sestoji iz „zaprtih“ obratov za pridobivanje električne energije in „zaprtih“ distribucijskih omrežij.
In this system, REN is the single buyer of electricity at the wholesale level.
V okviru tega sistema je REN edini kupec električne energije na grosistični ravni.
It mainly acquires electricity from a group of power stations (the bound generators), pursuant to Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs).
Električno energijo dobiva večinoma iz skupine elektrarn („zaprti obrati za pridobivanje električne energije“) na podlagi pogodb o nakupu energije.
Under the PPAs, bound generators undertake to supply electricity to the SEP on an exclusive basis for a term of more than 20 years and under a fixed price formula [4].
Po pogodbah o nakupu energije zaprti obrati za pridobivanje električne energije oskrbujejo SEP z električno energijo na ekskluzivni osnovi za obdobje, daljše od 20 let, in po stalnih cenah [4].
The construction of those bound generation plants is not liberalised but regulated by the State.
Gradnja teh zaprtih obratov za pridobivanje električne energije ni liberalizirana, temveč jo ureja država.
According to the applicable legislation, the following companies are integrated in the SEP: EDP (through EDP Produção and Companhia Portuguesa de Produção de Electricidade), Tejo Energia [5], and Turbogás [6].
V skladu z veljavno zakonodajo SEP združuje naslednje družbe: EDP (preko EDP Produção in Companhia Portuguesa de Produção de Electricidade), Tejo Energia [5] in Turbogás [6].
Most of the electricity in Portugal (83 % in 2003) [7] is supplied through these exclusive PPAs between REN and power producers.
Oskrba z večino električne energije na Portugalskem (83 % v letu 2003) [7] poteka na podlagi teh ekskluzivnih pogodb o nakupu energije, ki jih družba REN sklene s proizvajalci energije.
The electricity acquired by REN is then sold to the regulated distributor, which is controlled by EDP, under a regulated tariff system.
Nato družba REN v skladu s predpisanim tarifnim sistemom pridobljeno električno energijo prodaja zakonsko določenemu distributerju, ki ga upravlja družba EDP.
Regulated tariffs are set by the Portuguese energy regulator, ERSE.
Predpisane tarife določi portugalski zakonodajalec v energetiki (ERSE).
The independent system (SEI) is composed of the unbound system (Sistema Eléctrico Não Vinculado, SENV), which operates under free market conditions (i.e. most of this power is finally sold to the customers who switch out of the regulated system), and the special regime system (Produtores em regime especial, PRE), in which generation by co-generation plants, mini-hydro plants, and other renewable energies such as wind power plants is supplied to REN at regulated tariffs.
Neodvisni sistem (SEI) sestoji iz odprtega sistema (Sistema Eléctrico Não Vinculado, „SENV“), ki deluje pod pogoji, kakršni so na prostem trgu (tj. večina energije se na koncu proda odjemnikom, ki so izstopili iz zakonsko urejenega sistema), in sistema s posebnim režimom (Produtores em regime especial, PRE), ki družbo REN po predpisanih tarifah oskrbuje z energijo, pridobljeno iz pomožnih elektrarn, manjših hidroelektrarn in drugih obnovljivih virov energije, kot so denimo vetrne elektrarne.
Eligible customers are free to choose their electricity supplier and can therefore purchase electricity either from the SEP at regulated tariffs, or from the SENV (being supplied by a free retailer at market conditions).
Upravičeni odjemalci lahko prosto izbirajo svojega ponudnika električne energije, zato lahko električno energijo kupijo od SEP-a po predpisanih tarifah ali od SENV-a (električno energijo dobavlja neodvisni maloprodajni ponudnik v skladu z razmerami na trgu).
The Decree Law of 17 August 2004 finally provided that all clients are eligible [8].
Uredba z zakonsko močjo z dne 17. avgusta 2004 končno določa, da so vsi odjemalci upravičeni [8].
(The existing regulatory framework is currently being amended.
Obstoječ regulativni okvir je trenutno v fazi spreminjanja.
Wholesale electricity
Električna energija na debelo
Wholesale electricity encompasses the production of electricity at power stations as well as electricity physically imported through interconnectors for the purpose of resale to retailers.
Električna energija na debelo zajema proizvodnjo v elektrarnah in električno energijo, uvoženo preko povezovalnih vodov in namenjeno nadaljnji prodaji maloprodajnim ponudnikom.
As in other Member States, a few very large electricity consumers may also decide to buy directly from the wholesale market (in Spain, they account for less than 5 % of the purchases in the wholesale market).
Tako kot v drugih državah članicah se lahko nekaj največjih odjemalcev električne energije odloči, da bodo kupovali neposredno na grosističnem trgu (nakupi na grosističnem trgu v Španiji predstavljajo manj kot 5 %).
The Commission considers that, as from the termination of the PPAs, there will be an electricity wholesale market in Portugal encompassing the offer of the former bound generation, the unbound generation and imports.
Komisija meni, da bo grosistični trg električne energije na Portugalskem po izteku pogodb o nakupu energije zajemal ponudbo nekdanjega zaprtega sistema pridobivanja, odprtega sistema pridobivanja in uvoza.
The assessment focuses on this wholesale market irrespective of the liberalised and regulated systems.
Pri ocenjevanju tega grosističnega trga se razdelitev na liberalizirane in zakonsko urejene sisteme ne upošteva.
Balancing power and ancillary services
Uravnavanje energije in pomožne dejavnosti
There is a technical necessity for such service as the transmission system operator is responsible for maintaining the tension in the grid within a very narrow bandwidth.
Te dejavnosti so potrebne iz tehničnih razlogov, saj je upravljavec prenosnega sistema odgovoren za vzdrževanje napetosti v omrežju v mejah zelo majhne pasovne širine.
If there is over-consumption, the tension in the grid would drop and this could cause at some point network stability problems.
Če pride do prekomerne porabe, napetost v omrežju pade, kar lahko v določenem trenutku ogrozi stabilnost omrežja.
A problem also arises if there is under-consumption as then the tension in the grid rises above an acceptable tolerance level and the transmission system operator must make sure that either some generation capacity is switched off or that some consumption is added.
Do težav pride tudi v primeru prenizke porabe, saj se napetost v omrežju dvigne nad dovoljene vrednosti. Upravljavec prenosnega sistema mora v tem primeru izklopiti neki proizvodni vir ali pa dodati novega porabnika.
This service needs to be paid for and there will usually be a ‘penalty’ for deviation if demand of a customer exceeds, or falls below, the expected level which corresponds to the amount that each supplier purchases from the wholesale level or plans to produce himself and which he has to communicate in advance to the transmission system operator.
Te dejavnosti morajo biti plačljive, običajno se za odstopanja zaračunajo tudi „penali“, če je poraba odjemalca večja ali manjša od pričakovane količine, ki jo vsak ponudnik kupi na grosističnem trgu ali jo namerava proizvesti sam in ki jo mora predhodno sporočiti upravljavcu prenosnega sistema.
Currently, in Portugal, this service, as well as other similar ancillary services (congestion management services), is provided by REN to all agents in the system.
Na Portugalskem te dejavnosti in druge podobne pomožne dejavnosti (razreševanje prezasedenosti) trenutno pripadajo družbi REN, ki svoje storitve nudi vsem akterjem znotraj sistema.
There is as yet no established market for such services in Portugal.
Trg teh dejavnosti na Portugalskem do tega trenutka še ni vzpostavljen.
However, it is likely that, after the termination of the PPAs, such a market, or such markets, will emerge.
Vendar pa je zelo verjetno, da se bo takšen trg (ali več trgov) razvil po izteku pogodb o nakupu energije.
For the purpose of this decision, the exact delineation of this emerging market, or these emerging markets, can be left open.
Za namene te odločbe lahko opredelitev takšnega trga v razvoju (ali več trgov v razvoju) ostane odprta.
Transmission and distribution
Prenos in distribucija
These markets are not affected by the proposed operation.
Na ta dva trga predvidena transakcija ne vpliva.
In Portugal the transmission grid has already been unbundled and is operated by REN, the Portuguese Transmission System Operator.
Prenosno omrežje na Portugalskem je doživelo preobrazbo, danes ga upravlja družba REN, ki je portugalska upravljavka prenosnega sistema.
Distribution grids are owned by EDP and municipalities and are managed by EDP’s subsidiary EDP Distribuição Energia SA (EDPD).
Distribucijska omrežja so v lasti občin in družbe EDP, upravlja pa jih njena podružnica EDP Distribuição Energia SA („EDPD“).
Access to both transmission grid and distribution grids is regulated by the Portuguese regulator ERSE.
Dostop do prenosnega omrežja in distribucijskih omrežij ureja portugalski zakonodajalec v energetiki ERSE.
Retail supply of electricity
Maloprodajna oskrba z električno energijo
The following electricity retail markets will be considered for the purpose of the present statement: (i) the supply of electricity to Large Industrial Customers (LICs) which are connected to the high and medium voltage (HV and MV) grid and (ii) the supply of electricity to smaller industrial, commercial and domestic customers which are connected to the low voltage (LV) grid.
Za pravilno razumevanje navedenega je smiselno najprej opredeliti maloprodajne trge električne energije: (i) oskrba velikih industrijskih odjemalcev, ki so priključeni na visokonapetostno in srednjenapetostno omrežje, in (ii) oskrba manjših industrijskih in poslovnih odjemalcev ter gospodinjstev, ki so priključeni na nizkonapetostno omrežje.
HV/MV customers and LV customers are very different as regards their consumption and terms and conditions under which they purchase electricity.
Odjemalci v visoko- in srednjenapetostnem omrežju in odjemalci v nizkonapetostnem omrežju se glede porabe in pogojev, pod katerimi kupujejo električno energijo, med seboj zelo razlikujejo.
The commercial relationship is also very different.
Močne razlike so opazne tudi na področju komercialnih odnosov.
MV and HV customers are for the most part industrial costumers for which electricity may account for a significant part of their costs.
Odjemalci v visoko- in srednjenapetostnem omrežju so pretežno industrijski, pri katerih električna energija predstavlja zajeten del stroškov.
On the contrary, most LV customers are small industrials, commercial or domestic customers whose consumption of electricity per consumers is quite limited in volume.
Po drugi strani pa so na nizkonapetostno omrežje priključeni večinoma manjši industrijski in drugi poslovni odjemalci ter gospodinjstva, katerih poraba električne energije na porabnika je precej manjša.
GEOGRAPHICAL MARKETS IN ELECTRICITY
GEOGRAFSKI TRGI ELEKTRIČNE ENERGIJE
In past Commission decisions, the relevant geographic market for the wholesale supply of electricity has been considered to be no wider than national borders [9].
V prejšnjih odločbah Komisije se je štelo, da upoštevni geografski trg za grosistično oskrbo z električno energijo ne sega preko državnih meja [9].
In the present case, the investigation has shown that wholesale and retail electricity markets are clearly Portuguese in scope and will remain so in the foreseeable future.
Preiskava v okviru obravnavanega primera je jasno pokazala, da sta tako grosistični kot maloprodajni trg električne energije omejena na Portugalsko in da bosta taka ostala tudi v predvidljivi prihodnosti.
The parties argued that an Iberian trading market called MIBEL would be established very soon and would thus lead to an Iberian market.
Stranki sta ugovarjali, da se bo zelo kmalu oblikoval iberski trgovinski trg MIBEL, ki bo zajemal celoten Iberski polotok.
This view has not been confirmed by the in-depth investigation carried out by the Commission.
Temeljita preiskava, ki jo je opravila Komisija, pa tega ugovora ni potrdila.
It appears that (1) the current level of interconnections between Spain and Portugal is not sufficient to consider the existence of a single market in the Iberian peninsula and (2) it is highly unlikely that the electricity wholesale market will become Iberian in scope in the near future for the following reasons:
Zdi se, (1) da obstoječe omrežne povezave med Španijo in Portugalsko niso na dovolj visoki ravni, da bi sploh razmišljali o enotnem trgu na Iberskem polotoku, in (2) da je zelo malo verjetno, da bi se grosistični trg električne energije v bližnji prihodnosti razširil na celotno območje Iberskega polotoka. Razlogi za to so naslednji:
many important regulatory barriers still have to be removed for the purpose of the establishment of the MIBEL;
odpraviti je treba še veliko pomembnih regulativnih omejitev, da bi se lahko MIBEL sploh razvil;
competitive conditions between Spain and Portugal are likely to remain significantly different even after the launch of the MIBEL;
konkurenčne razmere v Španiji in na Portugalskem se bodo najverjetneje tudi po ustanovitvi MIBEL-a med seboj močno razlikovale;
emission national allocation plans and national compensation scheme for stranded costs are likely to maintain or even increase these differences in the competitive conditions;
nacionalni ureditveni načrti za emisije CO2 in nacionalna odškodninska shema za nasedle investicije bodo najverjetneje ohranili ali celo povečali obstoječe razlike v konkurenčnih razmerah;
the projected level of interconnection capacity between Spain and Portugal is not likely to allow effective integration of both markets in the foreseeable future.
ni videti, da bi pričakovana zmogljivost omrežnih povezav med Španijo in Portugalsko v predvidljivi prihodnosti omogočala uspešno združitev obeh trgov.
RELEVANT NATURAL GAS MARKETS
UPOŠTEVNI TRGI ZEMELJSKEGA PLINA
PRODUCT MARKET
PROIZVODNI TRG
The Commission has identified four distinct gas product markets which will be affected by the operation:
Komisija je ugotovila, da bo transakcija vplivala na štiri ločene proizvodne trge plina:
supply of gas to power producers (CCGTs [10]);
dobava plina proizvajalcem energije – plinskim elektrarnam [10];
supply of gas to local distribution companies (LDC);
dobava plina lokalnim distributerjem;
supply of gas to large industrial customers (LICs);
dobava plina velikim industrijskim odjemalcem;
supply of gas to small industrial, commercial and domestic customers.
dobava plina manjšim industrijskim in poslovnim odjemalcem ter gospodinjstvom.
Six local distribution companies (LDCs) distribute and supply most end-customers through medium and low pressure [11] networks and operate in exclusive concession areas.
Šest lokalnih distributerjev deluje na območjih, za katera imajo izključne pravice poslovanja, pri čemer oskrbujejo večino končnih odjemalcev po srednje- in nizkotlačnih [11] plinovodih.
The market of gas supply to power producers will be the first to be opened to competition in Portugal.
Trg dobave plina proizvajalcem energije bo prvi trg na Portugalskem, ki bo odprt za konkurenco.
The parties claimed that CCGTs and LICs should be considered as part of a single, wider wholesale market.
Po trditvah obeh strank naj bi se plinske elektrarne in veliki industrijski odjemalci upoštevali kot del širšega enotnega grosističnega trga.
The Commission does not agree with the parties.
Komisija se s strankama ne strinja.
Indeed, power producers have unique demand needs in terms of quantity and flexibility of supply.
Proizvajalci energije imajo svojevrstne potrebe glede količin in prilagodljivosti oskrbe.
CCGTs therefore need to combine long-term contracts, which are necessary for establishing the basic economic and technical viability and supply security of the CCGT project, with short-term contracts for more limited periods.
Zato morajo te plinske elektrarne dolgoročne pogodbe, ki so potrebne za zagotavljanje osnovne ekonomske in tehnične izvedljivosti in ki predstavljajo podlago za uspešno delovanje, dopolnjevati s kratkoročnimi pogodbami za krajša obdobja.
They also have different margins, customer relationship; commercial needs of resellers and growth dynamics.
Druge razlike so tudi drugačne marže, odnosi z odjemalci, tržne potrebe prodajnih posrednikov in dinamika rasti.
GEOGRAPHICAL MARKET
GEOGRAFSKI TRG
On each relevant gas market, the Commission and the parties agree that the supply of natural gas in Portugal is no wider than national.
Komisija in obe stranki se strinjajo, da oskrba z zemeljskim plinom na vsakem upoštevnem trgu plina na Portugalskem ne sega preko državnih meja.
COMPETITIVE ASSESSMENT
KONKURENČNO-PRAVNA PRESOJA
ELECTRICITY MARKETS
TRGI ELEKTRIČNE ENERGIJE
WHOLESALE MARKET
GROSISTIČNI TRG
EDP holds a dominant position on the wholesale market for electricity in Portugal
EDP ima prevladujoč položaj na grosističnem trgu električne energije na Portugalskem
Following the Commission’s in-depth investigation, it appears that EDP holds a dominant position on the wholesale market in Portugal, irrespective of whether it is considered under the current structure or after the termination of the PPAs.
Temeljita preiskava, ki jo je opravila Komisija, je pokazala, da ima EDP prevladujoč položaj na portugalskem grosističnem trgu ne glede na to, ali ocenjujemo trg v obstoječi strukturi ali trg po izteku pogodb o nakupu energije.
Indeed, in 2003, in the wholesale market, EDP holds 70 % of generation capacity, accounts for 70 % of generation and is the largest importer of electricity.
Leta 2003 je imela družba EDP na grosističnem trgu v lasti 70 % zmogljivosti za pridobivanje energije, torej njej pripada 70 % vse pridobljene energije, hkrati pa je bila tudi največji uvoznik električne energije.
Moreover, EDP’s Portuguese generation portfolio will remain unmatched after the abolition of the PPAs.
Stopnja energije, ki jo je pridobila družba EDP na Portugalskem, bo tudi po odpravi pogodb o nakupu energije nedosegljiva.
After the termination of the PPAs, a stranded cost scheme (CMECs) is to be put in place to compensate existing power generators for any possible loss in the market in the future.
Po izteku pogodb o nakupu energije se mora uvesti shema za nasedle investicije, ki bo obstoječim proizvajalcem energije zagotavljala nadomestila v primeru morebitnih padcev tržnih deležev v prihodnosti.
This scheme favours incumbents.
Ta shema daje prednost ustaljenim podjetjem.
EDP is bound to get most of it, which will help shield EDP from future competition.
Družba EDP bo najverjetneje pobrala večji del nadomestil, kar jo bo seveda ščitilo pred bodočo konkurenco.
On the demand side, EDP holds close to 100 % of the distribution of electricity in Portugal.
Z vidika povpraševanja družba EDP opravi skoraj celotno distribucijo električne energije na Portugalskem.
EDP Distribução’s future role as the retailer for the regulated system confer EDP crucial advantages.
Vloga maloprodajnega ponudnika v zakonsko urejenem sistemu, ki jo bo imela podružnica EDP Distribução v prihodnosti, prinaša družbi EDP odločilno prednost.
On the supply side, the addition of EDP’s new gas fired power-plant (TER) is significant in EDP’s portfolio.
Z vidika ponudbe je nova plinska elektrarna zelo pomembna pridobitev za družbo EDP.
As regard new generation capacities to be built by third parties, the Commission has come to the conclusion that CCGTs projects by competitors are uncertain and that EDP has influence over one of them (Tejo Energia).
Kar zadeva nove zmogljivosti za pridobivanje energije, ki naj bi jih zgradile tretje stranke, je Komisija prišla do zaključka, da je delovanje obratov za proizvodnjo energije, ki so v lasti konkurentov, negotovo in da EDP vpliva na enega izmed njih (Tejo Energia).
The operation will strengthen EDP’s dominant position, due to both horizontal and vertical effects
Transakcija bo okrepila prevladujoč položaj družbe EDP tako zaradi horizontalnih kot vertikalnih učinkov
Horizontal effects: removal of a significant competitor
Horizontalni učinki: umik pomembnejšega konkurenta
As for the horizontal effects, the Commission came to the conclusion that, absent the merger, GDP would have been very likely to become the main competitor in the electricity markets in Portugal, considering (i) that having access to competitive gas resources confers a significant advantage in electricity as gas-fired power plants (CCGTs) now constitute the most common way of generating new power and (ii) that GDP, as a Portuguese company, could rely on its brand and gas customers, to which it could offer a joint supply of gas and electricity.
Komisija je v zvezi s horizontalnimi učinki ugotovila, da bi družba GDP v primeru, če do združitve ne bi prišlo, najverjetneje postala glavni konkurent na trgih električne energije na Portugalskem, če upoštevamo, (i) da dostop do konkurenčnih virov plina prinaša veliko prednost na področju električne energije, saj se nova energija danes največkrat pridobiva v plinskih elektrarnah, in (ii) da bi se portugalska družba GDP lahko zanašala na svojo blagovno znamko in odjemalce, katere bi lahko hkrati oskrbovala tako s plinom kot tudi električno energijo.
This significant potential competition would be lost after the merger, thereby strengthening further EDP’s dominant position.
Ta zelo pomembna morebitna konkurenca po združitvi ne bi več obstajala, kar bi le še bolj okrepilo prevladujoč položaj družbe EDP.
Non-horizontal effects: raising rivals’ costs
Vertikalni učinki: višji stroški za konkurente