natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
This illustrates CELF's commercial policy, which gives preference, in line with its articles of association and the commitments given to the French authorities, to those areas where publishers are not very present.
Podatki prikazujejo poslovno politiko zadruge CELF, ki, v skladu s svojimi statuti in obveznostmi, ki jih je sprejela do francoskih oblasti, daje prednost območjem, kjer je malo založnikov.
Thus Table 1 shows that CELF is not very active in those areas where publishers are very active and that, conversely, it is active in those areas where publishers are not very active.
Tako je prikazano v tabeli 1, da je zadruga CELF malo dejavna na območjih, kjer so založniki zelo dejavni, in obratno, zadruga CELF je zelo dejavna na območjih, kjer je malo založnikov.
Comparative geographic distribution of the turnover of French language publishing and CELF, and CELF's share of the global market for the export of French language books
Primerjalna geografska razdelitev frankofonskega založništva glede na promet/tržni delež zadruge CELF na celotnem trgu izvoza knjig v francoskem jeziku
Regions concerned
Regije
Publishing
Založništvo
CELF's share
Delež zadruge CELF
Non-Community Europe
Ostala Evropa
Overseas departments and territories
ČDO
French-speaking Africa
Frankofonska Afrika
Eastern Europe
Vzhodna Evropa
West Indies
Antili
Non-French-speaking Africa
Nefrankofonska Afrika
The French authorities point out that the Small Orders programme was not designed as an aid specifically for CELF, but as a scheme of support for the marketing of French-language books, it being possible to use the channels of other operators that might respond to the same type of order.
Francoske oblasti poudarjajo, da „Program naročila na drobno“ ni bil mišljen kot posebna podpora za zadrugo CELF, ampak kot program podpore za distribucijo knjig v francoskem jeziku, ki je lahko uporabljala kanal drugih operaterjev, sposobnih odgovoriti na isti tip naročil.
They explain that the structural change to CELF, which occurred in 1980, was accompanied by a decision to grant aid under the Small Orders programme.
Francoske oblasti razložijo, da je bilo strukturno preoblikovanje zadruge CELF leta 1980 pospremljeno z odločbo o dodelitvi podpor v okviru „Programa naročila na drobno“.
They confirm that, in practice, CELF was the only general operator to receive the grants in question [34], since no other operator (apart from SIDE, 12 years after the launch of the programme) applied, even when the programme was known to the profession.
Francoske oblasti potrjujejo, da je bila zadruga CELF v praksi edini splošni operater, ki je prejel sporne subvencije [34], toda noben drug operater, razen družbe SIDE, dvanajst let po izvedbi programa, ni prosil zanje, pa čeprav so v stroki vedeli zanje.
France does not dispute that the Ministry of Culture refused to grant the aid to SIDE [35] in 1991, since the firm did not meet the conditions of transparency required to qualify for the said aid and refused to be bound by the constraints inherent in their award.
Francija ne zanika, da je Ministrstvo za kulturo zavrnilo odobritev podpor družbi SIDE [35] leta 1991, ker to podjetje ni izpolnjevalo pogojev transparentnosti, ki jih je zahtevalo za pridobitev teh podpor in je odklonila, da bi se podredila omejitvam, neločljivo povezanim z njihovo odobritvijo.
Furthermore, France points out that the Ministry of Culture approached SIDE in 1996 to offer it the aid, but the company refused it.
Vrh tega Francija spomni na to, da je Ministrstvo za kulturo leta 1996 pristopilo k družbi SIDE z namenom, da ji ponudi te podpore in da jih je družba SIDE odklonila.
The French authorities point out that one of the objectives of French cultural policy is to ensure the marketing of French-language works throughout the world.
Francoske oblasti poudarijo, da je bil eden od ciljev kulturne francoske politike zagotoviti razširjanje del v francoskem jeziku po celem svetu.
This objective must be understood as a public service task.
Ta cilj mora biti razumljen kot poslanstvo javnega podjetja.
Which is why the French authorities maintain that the Commission should analyse the measures in question under Article 86(2) of the Treaty.
Zato so francoske oblasti menile, da mora Komisija analizirati te ukrepe z upoštevanjem določb člena 86, odstavek 2, Pogodbe.
France points out that CELF was set up, and then allocated the disputed grants, at a time when the economic operators responsible for this activity had decided to withdraw from the market.
Francija spomni, da je bila zadruga CELF ustanovljena in so ji bile potem dodeljene sporne subvencije v trenutku, ko so se gospodarski akterji, ki so bili zadolženi za to dejavnost, odločili, da se bodo umaknili s tržišča.
If the disputed measures had not been put into effect, the marketing of French-language books to small bookshops established in often remote areas, where demand is slight in terms of turnover and volume, would have clearly been penalised.
V odsotnosti izvajanja spornih ukrepov bi bila distribucija knjig v francoskem jeziku v male knjigarne, ki se pogosto nahajajo v oddaljenih območjih, kjer je povpraševanje v smislu prometa in količine manj pomembno, očitno oškodovana.
The French authorities consequently decided to implement the disputed programme, so that all orders can be met, including non-profitable orders for French-language works, under the same conditions as for larger orders.
Francoske oblasti so zato sklenile, da bodo izvedle sporni program, s čimer se bo lahko obravnavalo vsa naročila, vključno z nedonosnimi naročili frankofonskih del, pod enakimi pogoji kot pomembnejša naročila.
France asserts that the Ministry of Culture provided ‘its assistance for the operational costs of CELF's public service associated with small orders’ and that consequently CELF was entrusted with a genuine public service task.
Francija poudarja, da je Ministrstvo za kulturo ponudilo „svojo podporo pri operativnih stroških javne storitve zadruge CELF, ki so povezani z naročili na drobno“ in da je bilo zadrugi CELF zato podeljeno pravo poslanstvo v splošnem interesu.
In support of their claim, the French authorities sent the Commission several instruments:
Za podkrepitev svojega utemeljevanja so francoske oblasti Komisiji sporočile več besedil:
Decree No 82-394 of 10 May 1982 on the organisation of the Ministry of Culture stresses its role in the ‘influence of French culture and French art in the free dialogue of world cultures’;
dekret št. 82-394 z dne 10. maja 1982 glede organizacije Ministrstva za kulturo vztraja na vlogi le-tega pri „širjenju francoske kulture in francoske umetnosti v svobodnem dialogu kultur sveta“;
Decree No 93-797 of 16 April 1993 on the powers of the Minister for Culture and the French-speaking World, which provides that ‘the Minister for Culture and the French-speaking world (…) shall implement, jointly with the other Ministers concerned, the measures introduced by the Government to ensure the influence of French culture and the French language in the world’;
dekret št. 93-797 z dne 16. aprila 1993 glede pooblastil ministra za kulturo in frankofonijo, ki določa, da „minister za kulturo in frankofonijo ... izvaja, skupaj z drugimi ministri, dejavnosti, ki jih vodi država, z namenom zagotoviti širjenje francoske kulture in frankofonije po svetu“;
the orders on the organisation of the Book and Reading Directorate, the latest of which dates from 1996, based on the said decrees, which set out the tasks of the Ministry of Culture in relation to the export of books.
odloki glede organizacije Uprave za knjigo in branje, od katerih zadnji datira iz leta 1996, ki so osnovani na omenjenih dekretih, ki točneje določajo naloge Ministrstva za kulturo na področju izvoza knjig.
The French authorities state that it is on the basis of these instruments that the Book and Reading Directorate concluded annual agreements with the partners responsible for implementing measures arising out of the Government's cultural policy.
Francoske oblasti nakažejo, da je Uprava za knjigo in branje vsako leto na podlagi teh besedil sklenila pogodbe s partnerji, ki so jih pooblastile za izvedbo dejavnosti, ki so izvirale iz kulturne politike vlade.
The agreements define the aims of the collaboration between the Ministry and the bodies it subsidises, and the obligations of the parties.
Te pogodbe določajo cilje sodelovanja med ministrstvom in organizmi, ki jih subvencionira, kot tudi obojestranske obveznosti strank.
The French authorities explain that, every year, the Ministry of Culture concluded with CELF [36] an agreement entrusting it with the performance of a public service task which consisted in ‘meeting any order for French-language works from foreign bookshops, irrespective of the amount’.
Francoske oblasti razložijo, da je Ministrstvo za kulturo vsako leto z zadrugo CELF [36] podpisalo pogodbo, ki jo je pooblastilo za izvedbo naloge v splošnem interesu, ki je bila „spoštovati vsako naročilo del v francoskem jeziku, ki prihajajo od tujih knjigarn, ne glede na njihov znesek“.
The French authorities also explain that, however the reference market is defined, SIDE and CELF are not in competition for low-volume orders.
Drugače pa francoske oblasti pojasnjujejo, da ne glede na razmejitev trga, na katerega se sklicujejo, družba SIDE in zadruga CELF nista v konkurenci pri naročilih majhnih količin.
In particular they highlight the contradiction in SIDE's case: while claiming to work with the same type of customers as CELF and that it treats all its customers in the same way ‘irrespective of the amount of their orders’, SIDE gives a discount of less than five percentage points on orders of less than 10 copies.
Francoske oblasti predvsem poudarijo protislovnost družbe SIDE, ki, čeprav trdi, da dela z istim tipom strank kot zadruga CELF in da obravnava vse svoje stranke na enak način „ne glede na znesek njenih naročil“, uporablja pri naročilih, ki znašajo manj kot deset izvodov, stopnjo popusta nižjo od petih točk.
They consider that the significant ‘penalty’ which SIDE applies to low-volume orders of less than 10 copies is evidence that small orders are not a priority target for the company, unlike orders which allow it to achieve considerable economies of scale, such as those placed by institutional customers.
Francoske oblasti menijo, da je prav ta zgovorna „kazen“, ki jo družba SIDE uporablja pri manjših naročilih nižjih od deset izvodov, dokaz, da naročila na drobno ne predstavljajo privilegirane ciljne skupine družbe SIDE, za razliko od naročil, ki ji omogočajo, da realizira znatne ekonomije obsega, kot so tista s strani institucionalnih strank, ki so privilegirana ciljna skupina družbe SIDE.
The fundamental difference in commercial strategy is clear in particular from the average number of books per line and per invoice, which is much higher for SIDE than for CELF.
Bistvena razlika poslovne strategije se izraža zlasti s povprečnim številom knjig na vrsto in na fakturo, kar je razločno bolj pomembno za družbo SIDE kot za zadrugo CELF.
The French authorities state that CELF must be able to offer its customers a comprehensive list of publishers in return for the aid granted to it, even if this is not compensated as such by the aid from the Small Orders programme, since the policy objective of the Ministry of Culture is to market books in French as widely as possible.
Francoske oblasti nakazujejo, da mora biti zadruga CELF v zameno za podpore, ki so ji dodeljene, in tudi v primerih, ko stroški niso nadomeščeni s pomočjo podpor „Programa naročila na drobno“, sposobna ponuditi svojim odjemalcem zelo široko in raznoliko ponudbo založnikov, saj je cilj Ministrstva za kulturo čim širša distribucija knjig v francoskem jeziku.
They point out that hundreds of publishers on CELF's list are in fact very small publishers, associations or miscellaneous bodies which are almost unheard of [37] and whose publishing activity is not likely to generate large, profitable orders.
Francoske oblasti opozorijo na to, da je na stotine založnikov, ki se pojavljajo v ponudbi zadruge CELF, v resnici zelo majhnih založnikov, zvez ali različnih zelo malo poznanih organizmov [37], katerih založniška dejavnost ni taka, da bi ustvarjala pomembna in donosna naročila.
By offering such an expanded list of publishers, CELF is promoting diversity.
S tem ko zadruga CELF ponuja ta razširjen seznam založnikov, spodbuja raznolikost.
It must accordingly be sourced from a very large number of suppliers for amounts which are often very small, which in turn forces it to manage numerous small publisher accounts without this being compensated by aid of any sort.
Zato se mora oskrbeti pri velikem številu ponudnikov za zneske, ki so velikokrat zelo nizki, kar jo prav tako prisili, da vodi posle s številnimi založniki z malimi zneski, ne da bi bilo to nadomeščeno s kakršnimi koli podporami.
Small publisher accounts are economically less profitable, since unlike large publishers they don't offer very favourable terms.
Založniki z malimi zneski pa so ekonomsko manj donosni, ker v nasprotju z velikimi založniki ne ponujajo zelo zanimive pogoje.
For its part, SIDE applies a commercial policy that gives priority to the more popular publishers, which are likely to generate large orders.
Družba SIDE s svoje strani sledi poslovni politiki, ki daje prednost bolj popularnim založnikom, ki so sposobni ustvariti velika naročila.
The French authorities explain that, consequently, a distinction should be drawn between ‘small accounts’ and ‘small orders’.
Francoske oblasti izpostavijo, da je zato primerno razlikovati med „malimi zneski“ in „naročili na drobno“.
The notion ‘small orders’ suits the description of the disputed ‘programme’ of course, but it does not sufficiently capture the counterpart of ‘small customer accounts’, namely ‘small supplier accounts’.
Pojem „naročila na drobno“ seveda ustreza označitvi spornega „programa“, kljub temu pa nezadostno upošteva pendant „strank malih zneskov“, ki predstavljajo „ponudnike malih zneskov“.
The award of grants is of course based on the extra costs generated by small orders, but the beneficiary operator is also subject to obligations which are not, properly speaking, ‘compensated’.
Dodelitev subvencij je seveda osnovana na podlagi povišanih stroškov, ki nastajajo pri naročilih na drobno, toda operater, ki te podpore dobiva, mora tudi izpolnjevati obveznosti, ki strogo vzeto niso „kompenzirane“.
The French authorities state that compensatory aid was allocated to CELF to offset the additional expenses generated by small orders, the threshold for which had been set empirically at FRF 500.
Francoske oblasti opozarjajo, da so bile kompenzacijske podpore dodeljene zadrugi CELF zato, da bi kompenzirale dodatne stroške, ki so jih ustvarila naročila na drobno, katerih prag je bil na empiričen način določen pri 500 FRF.
The threshold was a reference figure which did not mean that each order between FRF 0 and 500 had to be at the breakeven point.
Ta prag je predstavljal referenco, ki ni predpostavljala, da se mora vsako naročilo v vrednosti med 0 in 500 FRF nahajati ravno na pragu donosnosti.
Some orders of FRF 500 might be profitable, others not.
Nekatera naročila v višini 500 FRF so bila lahko donosna, medtem ko druga niso bila.
It all depended on the number of titles and books included, the nature of the books, the reliability of the order placed, depending on whether the customer was eligible or not for the Coface guarantee, and the means of and time required for payment.
Vse je bilo odvisno od števila naslovov in knjig, ki jih je vsebovalo naročilo, od vrste knjig, kvalitete predloženega naročila, od dejstva, da je stranka imela ali ne jamstvo zavarovanja COFACE, kot tudi od sredstev in rokov plačila.
The French authorities explain that what was certain, however, was that the FRF 0 to 500 order market was not profitable overall and would not, in principle, have been covered by an operator which had taken only economic criteria into account.
Francoske oblasti pojasnjujejo, da tisto, kar je bilo nasprotno očitno, je to, da nekatera naročila v višini med 0 in 500 FRF, na splošno niso bila donosna in načeloma ne bi bila pokrita s strani operaterjev, ki bi upoštevali zgolj ekonomska merila.
They base this argument on a cost analysis for the reference year 1994.
Francoske oblasti jasno prikažejo ta zadnji argument s pomočjo analize stroškov za referenčno leto 1994.
As tables 2a and 2b show, the French authorities explain that in recent years, and in particular since they started to run down their financial commitment in 1996 to 1997, CELF has been forced to diversify by developing a profitable customer base made up of large bookshop accounts and institutional customers such as libraries, universities and cultural centres.
Kot to prikazujeta tabeli 2a in 2b, francoske oblasti pojasnjujejo, da je bila zadruga CELF v zadnjih letih in še posebej od začetka njihove finančne oprostitve obveznosti v letih 1996/97 privedena do tega, da naredi svoje dejavnosti bolj raznolike, zlasti tako, da razvije odnose z donosnimi odjemalci, ki jih sestavljajo knjigarne velikih zneskov in institucionalne stranke, kot so knjižnice, univerze ali kulturni centri.
At the same time, while ‘small account’ turnover and the number of customers have declined, there has been an increase in CELF's turnover overall.
V istem času je bilo opaziti znižanje prometa „manjših zneskov“, kot tudi zmanjšanje števila strank. Vzporedno s tem je bilo ugotovljeno splošno zvišanje prometa zadruge CELF.
The French authorities confirm consequently that processing small orders has acted as a brake on CELF's business.
Francoske oblasti v teh okoliščinah priznavajo, da je bilo za zadrugo CELF obravnavanje naročil na drobno dejavnik pri pojemanju njenih dejavnosti.
Composition of CELF's turnover
Sestava prometa zadruge CELF
Table 2a — Example of Germany
Tabela 2a — primer Nemčije
GERMANY
Nemčija
3,4 % of CELF's turnover represents 27,2 % of active small customer accounts
3,4 % prometa zadruge celf predstavlja 27,2 % dejavnih strank malih zneskov
Number of customers
število strank
Turnover < FRF 5000
CA<5000 FRF
Turnover < FRF 10000
CA <10000 FRF
Turnover + FRF100000
CA + 100000 FRF
Table 2b — European Community
Tabela 2b — Evropska skupnost
Customer accounts, European Community
zneski strank Evropske skupnosti
Number of active customers
število dejavnih strank
Turnover < FRF 5000
promet<5000 FRF
Turnover < FRF 10000
promet <10000 FRF
Turnover + FRF 100000
promet + 100000 FRF
V. ASSESSMENT
V/ OCENA KOMISIJE
CELF and SIDE are two competing undertakings established in France which are active, in particular, as agencies for the export of French-language books [38].
Zadruga CELF in družba SIDE sta konkurenčni podjetji v Franciji, ki izvajata zlasti dejavnost izvoznega posrednika knjig v francoskem jeziku [38].
This activity consists in the marketing of books in French [39] in order to meet orders from small retailers (small bookshops or institutions such as libraries or universities), principally in non-French-speaking countries and areas.
To dejavnost predstavlja distribucija [39] knjig v francoskem jeziku, z namenom, da bi se zadovoljila naročila trgovcev na drobno (male knjigarne ali institucije kot so knjižnice ali univerze), v glavnem v nefrankofonskih državah in območjih.
For areas such as Belgium, Canada and French-speaking Switzerland, books are marketed by the publishers themselves or through distribution networks, the volume of the market being sufficiently large for firms to invest in integrated distribution networks.
Na področjih kot so frankofonski deli Belgije, Kanade ali Švice, zagotavljajo distribucijo založniki sami ali s pomočjo posredništva distribucijskih mrež, saj je velikost trga dovolj pomembna, da podjetja investirajo v integrirane distribucijske mreže.
This type of service makes it possible to ensure the optimum marketing of many works.
Ta tip storitve omogoča zagotovitev optimalne distribucije številnih del.
SIDE and the French authorities are agreed that the agent collates individual small orders which it would be too expensive for publishers and traditional distributors to handle.
Družba SIDE in francoske oblasti se strinjajo pri razlagi, da posrednik v praksi združi naročila, ki so posamično malo pomembna in katerih obravnava bi bila predraga za založnike in tradicionalne distributerje.
This service enables customers, whether they are booksellers or institutions, to avoid having to contact a multitude of suppliers.
Ta storitev omogoči strankam, pa naj so knjigarnarji ali institucionalisti, da se jim ni treba obrniti na številne ponudnike.
At the same time, the orders are sent to the publishers and/or distributors, which thus have a single point of delivery: the agent.
Vzporedno s tem so naročila naslovljena na založnike in/ali distributerje, ki imajo tako samo eno mesto dostave: posrednika.
Through this type of service, therefore, they also save time and money by not having to maintain relations with several customers, which are assumed to be very scattered geographically.
Zahvaljujoč se taki vrsti storitev prihranijo tudi na času in denarju, s tem ko se izognejo vzdrževanju zvez s številnimi strankami, ki so po možnosti geografsko zelo razpršene.
Export agents are thus essential service providers for channels exporting books to countries where demand is irregular, fragmented and/or low-volume.
Izvozni posredniki so torej bistveni ponudniki storitev pri obtoku izvoženih knjig proti državam, kjer je povpraševanje nestalno, fragmentarno in/ali manjšega obsega.
Using the services of an export agent is therefore often the only way for a buyer (never the final customer) established in a non-French-speaking country to place and receive its orders.
Zatekanje k storitvam izvoznega posrednika je torej pogosto edino sredstvo za kupca (nikoli ne gre za končno stranko), ki se nahaja v nefrankofonski deželi, da preda in sprejme svoja naročila.
The service of the agent makes it possible to reduce the fixed costs associated with processing each order.
Storitev posrednika omogoči zmanjšanje fiksnih stroškov, povezanih z obravnavanjem vsakega naročila.
In the case in point, it is established that the French authorities implemented the disputed Small Orders programme in order to assist, within the export agency market, small orders of less than or equal to FRF 500, regarded in principle as non-profitable.
V tem primeru je ugotovljeno, da so francoske oblasti izvedle sporni „Program naročila na drobno“ zato, da bi znotraj trga izvoznega posredništva podprle naročila na drobno, ki so manjša ali enaka 500 FRF in za katera se meni, da so v glavnem nedonosna.
It is appropriate to examine, therefore, whether this programme, which was not notified and of which CELF was in practice the only beneficiary, was compatible with the Treaty.
Potrebno bi bilo torej preveriti, če je bil ta neprijavljeni program, do katerega je bila v praksi upravičena samo zadruga CELF, združljiv s Pogodbo.
APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE 87 OF THE TREATY
A/ Uporabnost določb člena 87 pogodbe
THE MEASURES IN QUESTION ARE AID WITHIN THE MEANING OF ARTICLE 87(1) OF THE TREATY
1/ SPORNI UKREPI SO PODPORE V SMISLU ČLENA 87, ODSTAVEK 1, POGODBE
Article 87(1) of the Treaty lays down that ‘Save as otherwise provided in this Treaty, any aid granted by a Member State or through State resources in any form whatsoever which distorts or threatens to distort competition by favouring certain undertakings or the production of certain goods shall, insofar as it affects trade between Member States, be incompatible with the common market’.
Člen 87, odstavek 1, Pogodbe določa, da „Razen predvidenih izjem s strani Pogodbe podpore, ki jih dodeli država ali so pridobljene s pomočjo državnih sredstev v kakršni koli obliki, in ki popačijo ali grozijo, da bodo popačile konkurenco s tem, ko bodo dajale prednost nekaterim podjetjem ali nekaterim izdelkom, niso v skladu s skupnim trgom, ker vplivajo na izmenjave med državami članicami“.
The measure in question gives CELF an advantage, since it is a grant designed to reduce the cost of small orders.
Sporni ukrep daje zadrugi CELF določno prednost, ker gre za subvencijo, namenjeno zmanjševanju stroškov pri naročilih na drobno.
This point, moreover, was never disputed by the French authorities.
Sicer pa te točke francoske oblasti niso nikoli zanikale.