natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
It also points out that some of the data taken from CELF's cost accounting, relating to social security contributions, are different to those pertaining to the same item in the firm's financial accounts, and that therefore the CELF accounting data notified by the French authorities are not relevant.
Prav tako opaža, da so nekateri od podatkov iz izračuna stroškov zadruge CELF, ki se nanašajo na socialna bremena, drugačna od tistih, ki se nanašajo na isto mesto v splošnih obračunih podjetja, in da so zato računovodski podatki zadruge CELF, ki so jih sporočile francoske oblasti, neustrezni.
SIDE explains that it chose to include in its public listings only those publishers which offer the most attractive discounts.
Družba SIDE pojasnjuje, da se je odločila, da bo prikazala v svoji ponudbi javnosti samo založnike, ki ponujajo najbolj privlačne popuste.
It adds that its list of publishers is much more restricted than CELF's, because it is not able to offer attractive discounts for all publishers, unlike CELF, which can do so as a result of the aid it receives and the special relations it maintains with publishers.
Dodaja, da je seznam založnikov, ki jih ponuja, veliko bolj omejen kot tisti od zadruge CELF, ker nima možnosti, da bi ponudila privlačne popuste za vse založnike, nasprotno od zadruge CELF, ki ima to priložnost, zahvaljujoč se podporam, ki jih prejema, in privilegiranim zvezam, ki jih vzdržuje z založniki.
SIDE points out that it suffered a loss, since some of its customers switched from its services to CELF, which, on account of the aid it receives and the accommodating attitude of the publishers, offers particularly attractive discounts [17].
Družba SIDE pojasnjuje, da je utrpela izgubo, ker naj bi se nekatere od njenih strank odvrnile od njenih storitev, da bi šle k zadrugi CELF, ki ponuja, zahvaljujoč se podporam, ki jih prejema in ustrežljivosti založnikov, še posebno privlačne popuste [17].
It considers that by this means CELF acquired a dominant position on the export agency market.
Družba SIDE meni, da je zadruga CELF na tak način pridobila vodilen položaj na trgu izvoznega posredništva.
It explains that it is now suffering another kind of loss resulting from the changes to the pricing policy of CELF, which it has been applying ‘for at least two years terms that discourage small accounts’ [18], [19].
Družba SIDE natančno pojasnjuje, da je odslej utrpela drugi tip izgube, ki izvira iz sprememb tarifne politike zadruge CELF, ki uporablja „že najmanj dve leti pogoje, ki odvračajo od manjših zneskov“ [18] [19].
Now that CELF only receives a symbolic part of the disputed grants, and especially since they were completely abolished in 2002, small accounts are requesting SIDE ' s services.
Dejansko odkar zadruga CELF ne prejema več kot simboličen del spornih subvencij in, še bolj, od popolne ukinitve leta 2002 dalje, manjši zneski privabljajo storitve družbe SIDE.
This new demand causes further loss for the company, ‘since the most interesting customers are also those who have a large volume of orders’.
To novo povpraševanje ji povzroča novo izgubo „ker so stranke, ki so najbolj zanimive, tudi tiste, ki imajo veliko količino naročil“.
SIDE concludes that ‘the policy thus being conducted by CELF is obviously in total contradiction with its statement that its supposed public service task, which in its view and that of the French Government justifies the aid it receives, obliges it to treat all orders and all customers the same’.
Družba SIDE zaključi, da je „tako vodena politika s strani CELF očitno v popolnem nasprotju z njeno trditvijo, po kateri naj bi ga njeno domnevno poslanstvo javnega podjetja, ki po njenem mnenju in mnenju francoske vlade upravičuje podporo, ki jo prejema, prisililo, da obravnava na popolnoma enak način vsa naročila in vse stranke“.
In support of its claims, SIDE produces two external reports from 1996, the first by the Fondation nationale des sciences politiques and the second by the Cour des comptes (Court of Auditors).
V podporo svojim ugovorom je družba SIDE predložila dve zunanji poročili za leto 1996, prvo je od Nacionalne fundacije političnih ved, drugo pa od Računskega sodišča.
The report of the Fondation nationale des sciences politiques, entitled ‘La diffusion assistée du livre scientifique et universitaire français’ (Assisted marketing of French scientific and academic books) and published in November 1996, concerns a particular segment of the market.
Poročilo Nacionalne fundacije političnih ved, z naslovom „podprta distribucija znanstvenih in univerzitetnih francoskih knjig“, objavljeno novembra 1996, se nanaša na poseben segment trga, in sicer na distribucijo znanstvenih in univerzitetnih francoskih knjig.
According to SIDE, although outside the scope of the present proceedings, the document contains particularly significant information, which should have been taken into account by the Commission in Decision 1999/133/EC when assessing the legality of the aid in question.
Družba SIDE nakazuje, da ta dokument, čeprav izstopa iz okvira sedanjega postopka, vsebuje še posebej zgovorne podatke, ki bi jih Komisija mogla upoštevati v svoji odločbi 1999/133/ES, pri ocenjevanju zakonitosti spornih podpor.
SIDE also produces a report by the Cour des comptes, published in October 1996, criticising generally the policy of the Ministry of Culture on grants and focusing more specifically on certain programmes financed by the Ministry, including programme Page à page, administered by CELF.
Družba SIDE je prav tako predložila poročilo Računskega sodišča, objavljenega oktobra 1996, ki na splošno kritizira politiko Ministrstva za kulturo glede subvencij, in bolj podrobno meri na nekatere programe, financirane s strani Ministrstva za kulturo, med katerimi je tudi „Program Stran na stran“, ki ga je vodila zadruga CELF.
SIDE raises other, more specific questions.
Družba SIDE sproži druga bolj konkretna vprašanja.
It objects to a recapitalisation of CELF by the Government in 1980, which it considers tantamount to rescue aid.
Razkrije rekapitalizacijo zadruge CELF s strani države leta 1980, ki jo ocenjuje kot konstitutivno za podporo reševanju.
It believes that CELF was recapitalised a second time in 1993, also a State aid, through the Association pour le développement de l'édition française (ADEF).
Meni, da je zadruga CELF pridobila drugo rekapitalizacijo leta 1993, ki je bila prav tako konstitutivna za državno podporo, preko vmesnega člena Zveze za razvoj francoskega založništva (ADEF).
Finally, it mentions the advantages to CELF of being entrusted with the ‘management of public programmes’, and a whole set of specific advantages linked to the firm's special relations with the public authorities.
Družba SIDE končno predstavi koristi, ki jih je zadruga CELF imela zahvaljujoč se „vodenju javnih programov“, ki ji je bilo zaupano, kot tudi celo vrsto enkratnih ugodnosti, povezanih s privilegiranimi zvezami, ki jih to podjetje vzdržuje z javnimi oblastmi.
COMMENTS FROM INTERESTED THIRD PARTIES
B/ Mnenja prizadetih tretjih oseb
Following publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities [20] of the initiation decision of 30 July 1996, and even before then, several interested third parties made their views known [21].
Po objavi odločbe o odprtju z dne 30. julij 1996 v Uradnem listu Evropskih skupnosti [20] in pred njo se je izrazilo več prizadetih tretjih oseb [21].
Mr Van Ginneken [22], in his comments of December 1996, explains in his capacity as a wholesale exporter of French books to non-French-speaking countries that ‘CELF had already set itself the task [23] of becoming a profitable exporting wholesaler itself, which conflicted with the object of its foundation, namely as a service organisation’.
Gospod Van Ginneken [22] v svojem mnenju z dne 21. decembra 1996 predstavi, v vlogi izvoznika grosista francoskih knjig v nefrankofonske države, da „si je zadruga CELF že naložila nalogo [23]postati donosen izvoznik grosist, v nasprotju z razlogom, zaradi katerega je bila ustanovljena kot organizem za storitve“.
He also mentions the problems of a possible agreement between CELF and the publishers, the latter in part being members of CELF [24].
Gospod Van Ginneken prav tako omeni problematiko možnega dogovora med zadrugo CELF in založniki, pri čemer so slednji deloma člani zadruge CELF [24].
He objects to a ‘manifestly unjust’ situation, in which private initiative as represented by wholesale exporters is harmed.
Gospod razkrije „očitno nepravične“ razmere, v katerih je privatna pobuda izvoznikov na debelo na slabšem.
Hexalivre, a company exporting French books [25], submitted comments on 23 December 1996, also signed by Mr Van Ginneken, its chairman, as a bookseller whose customers are ‘institutions’ established abroad.
Hexalivre, izvozna družba francoskih knjig [25], posreduje, prav tako pod podpisom Gospoda Van Ginnekena, ki je njen predsednik, kot knjigarnar, katerega odjemalci so „institucionalist“, ki so nastanjeni v tujini.
It stated that CELF's business, whose object was to supply booksellers abroad, should not in principle interfere with its own.
Družba opozori, v svojem mnenju z dne 23. decembra 1996, da se dejavnost zadruge CELF, katere poslanstvo naj bi bilo oskrbovanje knjigarnarjev na tujem, načeloma ne bi smela križati z njenimi lastnimi dejavnostmi.
It argues that ultimately the grant in question benefits ‘a private company supported by the government and tending as far as possible towards a monopoly’.
Hexalivre vztraja, da končno sporna subvencija koristi „privatni družbi, ki jo podpira administracija in ki kolikor se da teži k monopolnemu položaju“.
Mr Fenouil, for Lavoisier Tec et Doc, a former collaborator of CELF, publisher and exporting bookseller specialising in scientific and technical works, does not dispute, in comments dated 7 January 1997, the appositeness of the aid granted to CELF from 1980, and even mentions ‘unconditional support up to 1994 [26]’.
Gospod Fenouil, od Lavoisier Tec et Doc, bivši sodelavec zadruge CELF, založnik in knjigarnar-izvoznik, specializiran za znanstvena in tehnična dela, v svojem mnenju z datumom 7. januar 1997 ne zanika upravičenosti do podpor podeljenih zadrugi CELF od leta 1980 dalje in celo omenja brezpogojno podporo do leta 1994 [26].
However, he does take issue with CELF's diversification [27], which he says was financed by means of the disputed grants.
Nasprotno pa spodbija spreminjanje dejavnosti zadruge CELF [27], ki naj bi bila financirana zahvaljujoč se spornim subvencijam.
He also states that 50 % of the orders handled by his company are small orders of less than FFR 500.
Prav tako opozori, da je 50 % naročil, ki jih obravnava njegovo podjetje, naročil na drobno po manj kot 500 FRF.
Lastly, Mr Fenouil ‘calls for a return to normal conditions of competition in exports, involving the abolition of aid not based on a genuine public service mission or an indisputable cultural objective which cannot be achieved by existing means’.
Končno gospod Fenouil „poziva k ponovni vzpostavitvi razmer normalne konkurence pri izvozu, zlasti z ukinitvijo podpor, ki niso utemeljene na podlagi resničnega poslanstva javnega podjetja ali nespornega kulturnega cilja, ki se ga ne da doseči z obstoječimi sredstvi“.
Mr de la Rochefoucauld, for ‘Aux amateurs de livres international’, submitted comments dated 2 January 1997.
Gospod de la Rochefoucauld, od „Aux amateurs de Livres international“, posreduje z mnenjem z dne 2. januarja 1997.
He objects to, and regrets, the fact that CELF can serve foreign libraries and/or institutional customers while receiving grants for meeting the needs of another market.
Ugovarja in obžaluje, da lahko zadruga CELF oskrbuje tuje knjižnice in/ali institucionalne stranke, čeprav prejema subvencije, da zadovolji potrebe drugega trga.
He would like CELF to limit its sales to foreign booksellers only, ignoring all other customers.
Želi si, da bi zadruga CELF omejila svojo prodajo samo na tuje knjigarne, izključujoč vse ostale odjemalce.
He considers that the compensatory grant enabled CELF to give its customers an extra discount of three percentage points.
Gospod de la Rochefoucauld meni, da je odškodninska subvencija omogočila zadrugi CELF, da je svojim strankam odobrila 3 odstotkovne točke dodatnega popusta.
For him ‘the aid is a hypocrisy’, he is ‘astonished that the aid can be more than 60 % of the amount of the orders in question’.
Po njegovem mnenju „je podpora hipokrizija“, „čudi se, da lahko podpora ustreza več kot 60 % zneska naročil“.
He concludes that the aid serves to expand CELF's commercial activities, and considers therefore that it should be divided ‘between the bookshops concerned in proportion to their turnover in third countries’ and that CELF should be prohibited from supplying customers other than booksellers established abroad.
Gospod sklene, da podpora služi razvoju trgovskih dejavnosti zadruge CELF. Zato meni, da bi podpore morale biti razdeljene „med ostale knjigarne sorazmerno glede na njihov promet v tretjih državah“ in da bi se spodobilo prepovedati zadrugi CELF, da oskrbuje tudi druge stranke kot knjigarnarje na tujem.
The Syndicat national des importateurs et exportateurs de livres (SNIEL) points out in its comments of 31 December 1996 that SIDE's remarks about CELF were not considered sufficiently credible for it to join its court action initially.
Nacionalni sindikat uvoznikov in izvoznikov knjig (SNIEL) v svojem mnenju z dne 31. decembra 1996 opozori, da se mu trditve družbe SIDE, ki se nanašajo na zadrugo CELF, niso zdele dovolj verjetne, da bi se že takoj na začetku pridružil njeni sodni dejavnosti.
It does object, however, to the fact that CELF, from 1996, was able to operate in ‘areas where it was not originally planned that it should operate’ [28], and considers that it developed these activities as a result of the compensatory grants received, which it regards as too high.
Kljub temu pa ugovarja dejstvu, da je zadruga CELF od leta 1996 dalje lahko posredovala „na področjih, kjer izvorno ni bilo predvideno, da bi posredovala“ [28], in misli, da je razvila dejavnosti zahvaljujoč se prejetim odškodninskim subvencijam, za katere meni, da so previsoke.
Similarly, SIDE, in its comments of 6 January 1997, stated that ‘(…) even supposing that small orders are commercially significant, it has become apparent very quickly that CELF has not confined itself to this allegedly non-profitable activity’.
Na enak način je družba SIDE v svojem mnenju z dne 6. januarja 1997 opozorila, da „…če tudi domnevamo, da ima pojem naročil na drobno nek trgovski pomen, se je prav hitro izkazalo, da se zadruga CELF ni omejila na to domnevno nedonosno dejavnost“.
CELF, which likewise submitted comments as a third party, disputes the complainant's allegations and produces several letters from publishers expressing satisfaction with its services.
Zadruga CELF, ki poseže vmes tudi kot tretja oseba, spodbija trditve tožnice in predloži več pisem založnikov, ki izražajo svoje zadovoljstvo glede njenih storitev.
Comments from the french authorities
IV/ KOMENTARJI FRANCOSKIH OBLASTI
The French authorities state that for a long time small orders were handled by the companies Hachette and Messageries du Livre.
Francoske oblasti opozorijo, da je bilo obravnavanje naročil knjig na drobno dolgo časa zagotovljeno s strani družb Hachette in Messagiers du livre.
These firms acted as distributors for numerous publishing houses which did not have suitable distribution structures for ad hoc small orders and/or did not want to develop them.
Ti podjetji sta igrali vlogo distributerjev za številne založniške hiše, ki niso premogle distribucijskih struktur, prilagojenih za enkratna naročila na drobno in/ali ki jih niso želele razviti.
CELF, bringing together various operators in the publishing world, was set up in 1977, initially in the form of an open-end cooperative, to offset the perceived failure of the export agency market at a time when Hachette and Messageries du livre had decided to abandon that activity as unprofitable [29].
Zadruga CELF, ki združuje različne akterje iz sveta založništva, je bila ustanovljena leta 1977, na začetku kot zadruga z variabilnim kapitalom, z namenom, da se ublaži ugotovljeno nepopolnost trga izvoznega posredništva, v trenutku, ko sta se družbi Hachette in Messagiers du livre odločili, da se bosta odrekli svoji dejavnosti posrednika, ker ni bila donosna [29].
Its capital, initially FRF 50000, was increased subsequently to FRF 80500.
Kapital zadruge CELF, ki je na začetku znašal 50000 FRF, se je pozneje zvišal na 80500 FRF.
From 1979, CELF encountered substantial financial difficulties, which were expected however, since the two companies which previously administered the activity had preferred to withdraw from a market they considered unprofitable.
Od leta 1979 je zadruga CELF naletela na resne finančne težave, ki pa so bile pričakovane, saj sta se obe podjetji, ki sta prej vodili dejavnost, raje umaknili s trga ravno zato, ker sta menili, da je nedonosna.
The profession, publishers, the Syndicat national de l'édition (SNE) and the public authorities considered that CELF's activity should be maintained in any event, to ensure the optimum marketing of French-language books abroad.
Stroka, založniki, Nacionalni sindikat založništva (SNE) in javne oblasti so menili, da se mora dejavnost zadruge CELF ohraniti v vsakem primeru, da bo zagotovljena optimalna distribucija knjig v francoskem jeziku na tujem.
Since no other operator seemed prepared to provide the service, it was decided in 1980 that CELF would be restructured and recapitalised.
Ker noben drug operater ni bil pripravljen zagotoviti storitve, je bilo leta 1980 odločeno, da bo zadruga CELF prestrukturirana in rekapitalizirana.
The French authorities state that, in the circumstances, CELF was transformed into a closed-end cooperative society in public limited company form.
Francoske oblasti opozorijo, da je bila zadruga CELF v teh razmerah spremenjena v anonimno zadrugo s fiksnim kapitalom.
Its capital was increased from FRF 80500 to FRF 1280500.
Njen kapital se je povečal z 80500 FRF na 1280500 FRF.
One half of the recapitalisation was provided by the shareholders, and the other by ADEF [30], an association financed by the State.
Rekapitalizacija je bila realizirana polovico s strani delničarjev in polovico s strani ADEF [30], družbe, ki jo je financirala država.
ADEF was dissolved in 1994; its shares were assigned free of charge to SNE, itself a collaborator of CELF.
ADEF so razpustili leta 1994; njene dejavnosti so bile brezplačno prepuščene sindikatu SNE, ki je sam sodeloval z zadrugo CELF.
France states that CELF has remained, to this day, a cooperative society in public limited company form, which operates using its own funds.
Francija opozori, da je zadruga CELF do danes ostala anonimna zadruga, ki deluje na podlagi svojih lastnih sredstev.
Thus publishers of French-language works established in another Member State can join the cooperative without any problem and benefit from its action [31].
Tako lahko založniki del v francoskem jeziku, ki se nahajajo v neki drugi državi članici, prav tako sodelujejo z zadrugo in imajo koristi od njenih posredovanj [31].
CELF's object, under Article 3 of its articles of association, is to ‘process directly orders for abroad [32] and the overseas territories and departments of books, brochures and any communication media and, more generally, to perform any operations aimed in particular at increasing the promotion of French culture throughout the world, using the above media.
V skladu s členom 3 njenih statutov, si je zadruga CELF za cilj postavila „Neposredno obravnavanje naročil [32]iz tujine in čezmorskih držav in ozemelj knjig, brošur in vsakršne podpore komunikacije ter bolj na splošno izvajanje vseh postopkov, ki imajo zlasti namen razvijati promocijo francoske kulture po svetu, s pomočjo zgoraj navedenih podpor.
To this end, the cooperative will carry out all industrial, commercial or financial operations to achieve its object.
V te namene bo zadruga izvajala vse industrijske, komercialne in finančne operacije, premičninske in nepremičninske za uresničitev družbenega cilja.
Given the particular object of the cooperative, no natural or legal person may become or remain a shareholder, if they do not carry on a business somehow linked to the abovementioned export operations ’.
Zaradi posebnega cilja zadruge nobena fizična ali moralna oseba ne bo mogla postati delničar, če ne bo izvajala dejavnosti, ki se kakor koli nanaša na zgoraj omenjene izvozne operacije“.
The French authorities explain that, at 6 November 2002, CELF had 76 cooperative shareholders, who are mainly, though not entirely, publishers.
Francoske oblasti pojasnijo, da je zadruga CELF 6. novembra 2002 štela 76 delničarjev zadrugarjev, ki so v glavnem, toda ne izključno založniki.
Each shareholder has one vote at the general meeting, irrespective of the size of its stake.
Vsak delničar razpolaga z enim samim glasom v generalni skupščini, ne glede na znesek njegove udeležbe.
The interprofessional nature of the company has provided a guarantee of transparency, concern for the collective interest and the sound administration of the grant awarded.
Francoske oblasti pojasnijo, da je bila medpoklicna sestava te družbe jamstvo za transparentnost, skrb za skupni interes in za dobro vodenje odobrene subvencije.
The main players in the marketing of books are as follows:
Glavni akterji distribucije knjig so:
publishers, which ‘produce’ the books;
založniki, ki „proizvajajo“ knjige;
marketers, whether integrated into publishing houses or not, which ensure the commercial promotion of books to retailers or certain large institutional users;
distributerji, ki so ali niso vključeni v založniške hiše, ki zagotavljajo komercialno promocijo knjig pri malih trgovcih ali nekaterih velikih institucionalnih uporabnikih;
distributors, whether integrated or not into publishing houses, which ensure the logistics of the publishers' marketing; they receive their orders from booksellers, certain large institutional users or diversified intermediaries and obtain their supplies from publishers;
distributerji, ki so ali niso vključeni v založniške hiše, ki zagotavljajo logistiko distribucije založnikov; sprejmejo naročila od knjigarnarjev, nekaterih velikih institucionalnih uporabnikov ali različnih posrednikov in se oskrbijo pri založnikih;
wholesalers, which are not always involved in the distribution channels and who are intermediaries between distributors and retailers or certain large institutional users;
grosisti, ki ne posežejo vedno v distribucijski obtok in ki so posredniki med distributerji in malimi trgovci ali nekaterimi velikimi institucionalnimi uporabniki;
export agencies, which deal only with retailers and not the end-user.
posredniki, ki se obračajo samo na male trgovce in ne na končnega uporabnika.
France explains that on-line bookshops must now be included among the players present on the market and must also be considered as potential competitors of the export agencies.
Francija pojasni, da se mora elektronske knjigarne odslej šteti med akterje, ki so prisotni na trgu in da se jih mora prav tako upoštevati kot možne konkurente izvoznim posrednikom.
It is, however, unable to supply data on the market shares held by these new entrants [33].
Vendarle pa je nezmožna sporočiti podatke, ki se nanašajo na tržni delež teh novih prišlekov [33].
The French authorities explain that the variety of the players present on the market must make it possible to market and promote books to all types of public, irrespective in principle of their geographic location, since the Small Orders programme has provided an appropriate remedy for the deficiencies of the complex mechanism for marketing books.
Francoske oblasti razlagajo, da bi raznolikost operaterjev, ki so prisotni na trgu, morala omogočiti distribucijo in promocijo knjige pri vseh tipih javnosti, načeloma ne glede na njen geografski položaj, pri čemer je „Program naročila na drobno“ omogočil, da se je koristno ublažilo pomanjkljivosti zapletenega mehanizma distribucije knjig.
The French authorities transmitted certain information on the global market for the export of French-language books.
Francoske oblasti so sporočile nekatere podatke, ki se nanašajo na celoten trg izvoza knjig v francoskem jeziku.