natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
to successfully conclude the air protection programmes and to supplement them with the programmes for reducing concentrations of tropospheric ozone and other hazardous substances and for reducing greenhouse gas emissions,
- uspešno dokončanje zastavljenih programov varstva zraka, in njihovo dopolnitev s programi zmanjševanja imisijskih koncentracij troposferskega ozona in drugih škodljivih snovi ter emisij toplogrednih plinov,
to improve the state of the aquatic environment
- izboljšanje stanja vodnega okolja,
to introduce the modern methods of waste management
- uveljavitev sodobnih oblik ravnanja z odpadki,
to conserve and protect biological diversity and genetic resources.
- ohranjanje in varstvo biotske raznovrstnosti in genskih virov.
It has to be emphasised that one of the priority goals is also:
Prav tako je treba poudariti, da je prednostni cilji tudi
to strengthen environmental protection institutions at all levels, which is the basic condition for achieving the objectives of the NEAP.
- krepitev inštitucij varstva okolja na vseh ravneh, kar je osnovni pogoj za dosego ciljev tega NPVO.
NEAP Balancing the Desirable and the Feasible
NPVO Iskanje poti med želenim in možnim
5.1 Basic Principles for the Management of Environmental Issues in the Future
5.1 Temeljna načela prihodnjega urejanja okoljskih vprašanj
Shift Towards Sustainable Development
Zasuk k trajnostnemu razvoju
The period of transition is an opportunity to introduce changes in accordance with the principles of sustainability.
Čas prehoda je predvsem priložnost za spremembe po načelu trajnosti.
In this document the concept of sustainable development is construed mainly as an agent for changing the current production and consumption patterns or, in the widest possible sense, the current relationship between nature and society.
Koncept trajnosti razvoja v tem dokumentu razumemo predvsem kot vzvod spreminjanja sedanjih vzorcev proizvodnje in porabe, oziroma, v najširšem pomenu, sedanjega razmerja med naravo in družbo.
With this national programme the goals of sustainable development will not be achieved, although the application of the defined measures and the regular monitoring of the implementation of the NEAP will be important steps towards these goals.
Cilj trajnostnega razvoja ne bo dosežen s tem nacionalnim programom, vendar pa bo izvedba opredeljenih ukrepov in predvsem zamišljen sistem rednega spremljanja izvajanja pomemben korak v uresničevanju tega načela(21).
This also includes the following postulations:
Med drugim to predpostavlja tudi(22):
the continuation of human activity and unhindered development in the future depend on the appropriate management of the environment and natural resources;
trajnost aktivnosti človeka in nemoteni razvoj v prihodnosti sta odvisna od ustreznega gospodarjenja z okoljem in naravnimi viri;
natural resources and capacities are limited, therefore the wise management of energy and matter flow throughout the entire cycle from extraction to utilisation is required;
zaloge naravnih virov in zmogljivosti so končne, kar zahteva smotrno obvladovanje tokov snovi in energije v celotnem ciklusu, od pridobivanja do uporabe;
we all have to be aware that certain natural resources are non-renewable and that every time we use them, it is at someone else&apos;s expense.
vsak posameznik se mora zavedati neobnovljivosti nekaterih naravnih virov in tega, da gre vsaka poraba naravnih virov na račun nekoga drugega.
Sustainable development is defined as an increasingly important strategic task of the State, which has to find its place in the orientations of all development sectors.
Skrb za trajnostni razvoj je izrecno opredeljena kot vse pomembnejša strateška naloga države(23), ki mora najti svoje mesto v okviru razvojnih usmeritev vseh razvojnih sektorjev.
Better to Prevent than Cure
Bolje preprečevati kot zdraviti
Modern environmental protection concepts are based on the prevention of environmental burdening.
Sodobni koncepti varstva okolja temeljijo na preprečevanju pojava obremenjenosti okolja.
Slovenia is about to replace many of its obsolete technologies. This is an important opportunity to apply environmental protection concepts if the replacement is carried out in an environment-friendly manner and by consistently observing the principle of prevention.
V Sloveniji smo pred obsežno nadomestitvijo zastarelih tehnologij, kar je pomembna priložnost, če jo bomo izkoristili na okolju sprejemljiv način, z doslednim upoštevanjem načela preventive.
The modernisation and optimisation of technological processes are important for their positive economic effects, owing to the introduction of the more rational use of raw materials and energy.
Modernizacija in optimizacija tehnoloških procesov je pomembna tudi zaradi pozitivnega ekonomskega učinka ob racionalnejši uporabi surovin in energije.
In relation to this, the problem of waste management comes to the fore and, along with it, the necessity to develop such economic and legislative systems which will ensure the wise use of raw materials and energy with minimised emissions.
Ob tem že pri samem viru prihaja v ospredje problem ravnanja z odpadki, s tem pa nujnost razvoja ekonomskega in zakonodajnega sistema, ki zagotavlja smotrno rabo surovin in energije z minimalizacijo emisij.
The introduction of new technologies and rational use of raw materials and energy are processes inseparably related to education and available information.
Uvajanje novih tehnologij in procesa racionalne uporabe surovin in energije je proces, ki je neločljivo povezan z izobraževanjem in zagotovljenimi informacijami.
Consensual Problem Solving should be Given Priority
Sporazumno reševanje naj ima prednost
In accordance with the principle of co-operation36, the NEAP gives preference to co-operation over the direct settlement of issues by the State. It defines a basic framework for the promotion of cooperation between all interested parties, state administration, the economy and the public with a view to encouraging voluntary agreements in all the fields where this method of environmental protection management is more effective than the legally prescribed one.
V skladu z načelom sodelovanja(24) daje NPVO prednost sodelovanju pred neposrednim urejanjem zadev s strani države in opredeljuje osnovne okvire za spodbujanje sodelovanja vseh zainteresiranih partnerjev, državne uprave, gospodarstva in javnosti, za sklepanje prostovoljnih dogovorov povsod, kjer je tak način urejanja varstva okolja učinkovitejši od zakonsko predpisanega.
This decision is based on a comparative analysis of two extreme approaches (Picture 1).
Takšna odločitev temelji na primerjalni analizi obeh skrajnih pristopov (slika 1).
In order to enforce the principle of cooperation, independent institutions should have access to information and should be given an opportunity to check and interpret data.
Uveljavitev načela pa zahteva tudi dostopnost do informacij, možnost preverjanja podatkov in njihove interpretacije s strani neodvisnih inštitucij.
The Fifth EC Environmental Action Programme is an important step forward.
Peti akcijski program EU do leta 2000(25) pomeni velik korak naprej v tej smeri.
Voluntary activities within the industrial sector play a key role in this, and Slovenia is no exception38.
Prostovoljne aktivnosti znotraj industrijskega sektorja imajo pri tem ključno vlogo tudi v Sloveniji(26).
This approach does not exclude coercion but it limit it to the unresponsive segment of polluters.
Takšen pristop ne izključuje prisile, jo pa omejuje na neodzivni segment povzročiteljev.
The condition for the successful functioning of the mechanisms is the public trust, which is not easily gained.
Pogoj za uspešno delovanje mehanizmov te vrste je zaupanje javnosti, ki pa ga ni mogoče doseči preprosto in hitro.
It requires realistic objectives and positive experiences, already abundant in the world (the Netherlands), as well as good knowledge of weaknesses and limitations of the system, which cannot entirely replace the current environmental protection instruments.
Zahteva stvarne cilje in pozitivno izkustvo, ki ga je v svetu dovolj (primer Nizozemske), prav tako pa dobro poznavanje slabosti in omejitev tega sistema, ki ne more v celoti nadomestiti sedanjih inštrumentov varstva okolja.
SWOT analysis of the voluntary and legislative approach
SWOT Analiza prostovoljnega in zakonodajnega pristopa
Shared Responsibility for the Environment
Deljena odgovornost za okolje
In the world, the beginnings of environmental policy were based on legislation and direct control.
Začetki politike varstva okolja v svetu so temeljili na zakonodaji in neposrednem nadzoru.
The only parties involved in the process were the state on one side and the polluters on the other.
Praktično edina partnerja sta bila država na eni ter onesnaževalci na drugi strani.
Today, this phase has been replaced (across the world) by the concept of shared responsibility40, demanding the active involvement of and co-operation between all relevant factors:
To fazo je danes (v svetu) nadomestil koncept deljene odgovornosti(28), ki zahteva aktivno vključitev in sodelovanje vseh relevantnih dejavnikov:
national bodies, public and private companies, and the public.
državnih organov, javnih in privatnih podjetij ter javnosti.
The NEAP defines fundamental environmental protection factors:
NPVO je zasnovan tako, da opredeljuje osnovne dejavnike varstva okolja:
the State, public and private companies and the public.
državo, privatna in javna podjetja ter javnost.
a) The State&apos;s primary role is not focused merely on the legislative area but also on economic planning and on the establishment of conditions for economic development, for land use and the use of natural resources, for accessing information, for education and for the changing of market conditions (through taxes, etc.).
a) Primarna vloga države ni osredotočena samo na zakonodajno področje, ampak tudi na področje ekonomskega planiranja ter vzpostavljanja razmer za gospodarski razvoj, rabo prostora in naravnih virov, zagotavljanje dostopnosti do informacij, izobraževanje, spreminjanje razmer na trgu (z davki ipd.).
The State also owns some companies and is therefore responsible for their environmental practices. It is an important investor, whose task is not only to observe environmental requirements but also to directly or indirectly maximise environmental goals.
Država nastopa tudi kot lastnik nekaterih podjetij in je odgovorna za njihove okoljske značilnosti ter kot pomemben investitor, ki mora ne samo spoštovati okoljske zahteve, ampak z investicijami posredno ali neposredno maksimirati tudi okoljske cilje.
In accordance with the legislation in force the State is responsible for activities performed by certain public environmental protection services.
V skladu z veljavno ureditvijo, je država odgovorna za dejavnost nekaterih javnih služb varstva okolja.
In this scope the local self-government is included with its competencies in the field of environmental protection, which are otherwise dealt with in a special chapter.
V ta sklop sodi tudi raven lokalne samouprave s svojimi pristojnostmi na področju varstva okolja, ki so sicer obravnavane v posebnem poglavju.
b) Companies performing various activities affect the environment as users of natural resources or through environmental impact during all phases of their production cycles.
b) Podjetja različnih dejavnosti vplivajo na okolje, kot porabnik naravnih virov ali z vplivi na okolje, v vseh fazah proizvodnega ciklusa.
With respect to this they are divided into two groups: companies which in environmental protection seek a business opportunity to improve their position in the market and companies which use their activities to maximise their profits at the expense of the environment.
Glede na to se delijo v dve skupini in sicer na podjetja, ki v varstvu okolja iščejo poslovni interes za izboljšanje položaja na trgu in podjetja, ki še vedno dajejo prednost maksimiranja dobička na račun okolja.
The NEAP defines objectives and measures for both groups using the so-called dual approach, which includes both the concept of coercion and the concept of stimulation.
NPVO opredeljuje cilje in ukrepe za obe skupini s t. i. dvojnim pristopom, ki vključuje tako koncept prisile in koncept spodbude.
It needs to be stressed that the treatment of companies does not end with merely controlling their activities, but extends to the control of and responsibility for their products in order to provide consumers with a possibility to choose among products according to their environmental features (eco-labelling).
Poudariti je treba, da se obravnava podjetij ne zaključi z obvladovanjem same dejavnosti, ampak vključuje tudi obvladovanje in odgovornost za proizvod v tem smislu, da omogoči potrošniku izbor med proizvodi glede njihovih okoljskih značilnosti (eco-labelling).
Every member of society (the public) has three roles:
Vsak posamičen član družbe (javnosti) nastopa v treh oblikah:
as an individual interested in the state of the environment, as a polluter a resident or worker, and as a consumer.
kot zainteresirani posameznik za stanje okolja, kot onesnaževalec v funkciji bivanja ali dela in kot potrošnik.
For an individual to be an active factor in the field of environmental protection, the important conditions must be fulfilled:
Da bi posameznik lahko odigral svojo vlogo aktivnega dejavnika na področju varovanja okolja, morajo biti izpolnjeni naslednji pomembni pogoji:
to have knowledge, to be environmentally aware, to be informed and to have at your disposal more environment-friendly options (example: until a system for separate collection of wastes or alternative means of transport are established, a more comprehensive campaign cannot be successful).
znanje, ozaveščenost, informiranost in obstoj dejansko razpoložljivih, okolju prijaznejših opcij (primer: dokler ni vzpostavljen sistem ločenega zbiranja odpadkov ali alternativna oblika transporta, je vsaka širša akcija neuspešna).
In addition to individuals, non-governmental organisations and other organisations interested in environmental protection, trade unions, professional associations and many others play an important role in the achievement of environmental protection goals.
Ob posamezniku, je pri doseganju ciljev varstva okolja pomembna vloga nevladnih in drugih za varstvo okolja zainteresiranih organizacij, sindikatov, strokovnih združenj itd.
Action Programme for the Period until 2008, Including a Definition of Practical Measures for the Period until 2003
Akcijski program do leta 2008, z opredelitvijo konkretnih ukrepov do leta 2003
The action programme separately discusses individual areas of environmental policy (especially priority and other regions), sectors of activity and particularly vulnerable regions.
Akcijski program je razčlenjen po posameznih področjih politike okolja (posebej za prednostna ter druga območja), sektorjih dejavnosti ter za posebej občutljiva območja.
The action programme covers two periods with regard to individual environmental policy areas. The period until 2008 (in accordance with requirements of the Environmental Protection Act) and the period until 2003 (as the planned year of Slovenia&apos;s accession to the EU).
Po posameznih področjih politike okolja je program razčlenjen v dve obdobji in sicer do leta 2008 (v skladu z zahtevo ZVO) ter do leta 2003 (kot predvideno leto vstopa v EU).
Within these two periods individual measures are defined. For the long term only provisionally, with the possibility of adapting to new conditions, while for the short term only those measures are stated which form the basic condition for achieving the strategic goals laid down in the programme.
Znotraj teh obdobij so opredeljeni posamezni ukrepi, pri čemer so za daljše obdobje opisani okvirno, z možnostjo prilagajanja novim razmeram, medtem ko so za kratkoročno obdobje navedeni samo tisti ukrepi, ki so temeljni pogoj za strateške cilje, določene s tem programom.
In the drawing-up of the NEAP the following principles have been observed:
Pri oblikovanju NPVO so bila upoštevana naslednja načela:
The principle of the hierarchy of documents the general principle that the NEAP summarises and puts into operation the principles and requirements included in the Environmental Protection Act, assumed international obligations and the strategies for integration into the EU.
Načelo hierarhije dokumentov je splošno načelo, da NPVO povzema in operacionalizira načela in zahteve, ki izhajajo iz ZVO, prevzetih mednarodnih obveznosti ter strategije pridruževanja EU.
Deviations from this principle are possible only when those measures are defined which are, as mentioned above, the basic condition for achieving strategic goals.
Odmik od tega načela je mogoč samo v primerih, ko gre za opredelitev ukrepov, ki so, kot že navedeno, temeljni pogoj za dosego strateških ciljev.
The principle of restrictiveness, according to which only those measures are defined for which it is currently possible to assess all the issues concerning their implementation.
Načelo restriktivnosti, po katerem so opredeljeni samo tisti ukrepi, za katere je v tem trenutku mogoče oceniti vse potrebno za njihovo izvajanje.
The principle of shared responsibility, according to which the NEAP does not define measures which have to be identified in the programme documents of individual sectors.
Načelo deljene odgovornosti, v skladu s katerim v NPVO niso opredeljeni ukrepi, ki morajo biti locirani v okviru programskih dokumentov posameznih sektorjev.
However, the NEAP defines the mechanisms to control the inclusion of environmental considerations in particular activities.
Pri tem pa NPVO opredeljuje mehanizme nadzora nad vključevanjem okoljskih ciljev v posamezne dejavnosti.
6.1 Priority Areas
6.1 Prednostna področja
The abundance of waters, although inappropriately distributed, is one of Slovenia&apos;s major comparative advantages at the turn of the millennium.
Obilje voda, čeprav neustrezno razporejenih v prostoru in času, je ena največjih primerjalnih prednosti Slovenije na pragu novega tisočletja.
Therefore it is very important to stop the deterioration of surface waters and, in particular, groundwater.
Tudi zaradi tega je nujno zaustaviti slabšanje površinskih voda in predvsem podtalnice.
At the beginning of the 21st century we are facing the problems of the quality and quantity of waters, different and more worrying than those in the past, which a few decades ago initiated the development of pioneer environmental and water management policies.
Problemi kakovosti in količin voda, ki jih obravnavamo na pragu 21. stoletja, so drugačni in bolj zaskrbljujoči od tistih v preteklosti, ki so pred nekaj desetletji spodbudili razvoj pionirskih okoljskih in vodnogospodarskih politik.
Today the initial approach, based on the local and partial discussion of individual water sources, no longer complies with the modern principles of the protection and optimal use of water and the aquatic environment.
Prvotni pristop, ki je temeljil na lokalnem in parcialnem obravnavanju posameznih vodnih virov, danes ne ustreza sodobnemu razvoju varstva in optimalne rabe voda in vodnega okolja.
We must ensure co-ordinated action in order to meet the real needs of the energy sector, industry and mining, transport, agriculture and forestry, tourism and other sectors in a sustainable manner by using resources remaining after the primary needs (drinking water) had been met and nature conservation ensured.
Zagotoviti moramo usklajeno zadovoljevanje realnih sonaravnih potreb energetike, industrije in izkoriščanja naravnih surovin, prometa, kmetijstva in gozdarstva, turizma in drugih, ki jih po zagotovitvi primarnih potreb (pitna voda) in ohranjanja narave še smemo izkoriščati.
The risk control and reduction policy, as a part of optimal water management, helps to find a compromise between the continuation of activities affecting waters under specific conditions and the remediation of negative effects by reducing the possibility of their emergence.
Politika nadzora in zmanjševanja tveganja, kot del optimalnega gospodarjenja z vodami, omogoča najti kompromis med nadaljevanjem dejavnosti na vodah pod določenimi pogoji in s kompenzacijo negativnih učinkov z zmanjševanjem možnosti, da se ti pojavijo.
The guideline in the planning of various activities is to take into account the natural characteristics of water to the greatest extent possible.
Vodilo pri načrtovanju raznih posegov je, da se ti čim bolj prilagodijo naravi vode.
As the custodian of natural resources, the State is obliged to enforce the general principles of water management based on ecology and economy and to take into account water as the crucial factor in sustainable development.
Država, kot skrbnik celotnega naravnega bogastva Republike Slovenije, je dolžna uveljaviti splošne principe gospodarjenja z vodami na ekosistemskih in ekonomskih osnovah in upoštevati vodo kot odločilni dejavnik za trajnostni razvoj.
Activities will be focused on the reduction of emissions from industry into wastewater collecting systems and the aquatic environment, on the renovation of obsolete industrial wastewater collecting systems, on the better maintenance of facilities for storing hazardous substances and on the better management of run-off water from polluted surfaces.
Težišče aktivnosti bo na zmanjšanju emisij industrije na odvodnike oz. vodno okolje ter na sanaciji dotrajanih industrijskih kanalizacijskih sistemov, boljšem vzdrževanju skladiščnih naprav za nevarne snovi in ustreznejšem ravnanju s padavinskimi vodami z onesnaženih površin.
Direct control will be focused on the management of the impact on groundwater and on the prevention of the uncontrolled storage and/or disposal of waste containing hazardous substances.
Neposreden nadzor bo osredotočen na obvladovanje vplivov na podtalnice ter preprečevanje nekontroliranega skladiščenja in/ali odlaganja odpadkov, ki vsebujejo nevarne snovi.
Systems for collecting wastewater will gradually be connected to wastewater treatment plants using appropriate methods.
Sistemi za zbiranje odpadnih voda bodo postopno dosledno povezani z ustreznim načinom njihovega čiščenja.
The current state in the treatment of wastewater generated by the population is shown in Picture 2. The level of treatment in all existing plants and facilities will be determined by regulations.
Sedanje stanje čiščenja odpadnih voda prebivalstva je prikazano na sliki 2. S predpisi bo določena raven čiščenja na vseh sedanjih napravah.
New collecting systems with wastewater treatment plants will have to be constructed in settlements with no public collecting systems.
Nujna je izgradnja novih kanalizacijskih omrežij s čistilnimi napravami za naselja, ki še nimajo javnega kanalizacijskega omrežja.
In determining which facilities have a priority, the criteria for optimal and integrated water management43 and individual levels of wastewater treatment, taking into account not only emission but also imission criteria44, have to observed.
Pri določanju prednostnih objektov je treba upoštevati kriterije optimalnega celostnega gospodarjenja z vodami(31) ter ločene stopnje čiščenja odpadnih vod, predvsem po imisijskem in ne le emisijskem kriteriju(32).
In the regions with special ecological and economical characteristics (the karst region, the Alpine region, Pomurje, regions with specific landscape values and interesting for tourism) advanced treatment (tertiary treatment) will be necessary.
Na ekološko in gospodarsko specifičnih območjih Slovenije (kraško območje, alpski svet, Pomurje, področja s specifičnimi krajinskimi vrednotami in turističnim pomenom) bo potrebna višja stopnja čiščenja (terciarno čiščenje).