natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
(b) Desublimers (or cold traps) used to remove UF6 from the enrichment process for subsequent transfer upon heating;
(b) desublimatorje (ali hladne pasti) za odstranjevanje UF6 iz procesa obogatitve in za nadaljnjo obdelavo po segrevanju;
(c) solidification or liquefaction stations used to remove UF6 from the enrichment process by compressing and converting UF6 to a liquid or solid form;
(c) postaje za pretvorbo v trdno stanje ali utekočinjenje za odstranjevanje UF6 iz procesa obogatitve s stiskanjem in pretvorbo v tekoče ali trdno agregatno stanje;
Especially designed or prepared process systems for separating UF6 from carrier gas (hydrogen or helium).
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani procesni sistemi za ločevanje UF6 od nosilnega plina (vodik ali helij).
These systems are designed to reduce the UF6 content in the carrier gas to 1 ppm or less and many incorporate equipment such as
Ti sistemi so konstruirani za zmanjšanje vsebnosti UF6 v nosilnem plinu do 1 ppm in veliko jih vključuje opremo, kot je
(b) cryogenic refrigeration units capable of temperatures of -120 °C or less, or
(b) kriogene hladilne enote za temperature -120 oC ali manj ali
(c) Separation nozzle or vortex tube units for the separation of UF6 from carrier gas, or
(c) ločevalne šobe ali vrtinčne cevi za ločevanje UF6 od nosilnega plina ali
The contactors employed in the separation cascade can be liquid-liquid exchange columns (such as pulsed columns with sieve plates) or liquid centrifugal contactors.
Kontaktorji, ki se uporabljajo v ločevalni kaskadi, so lahko izmenjevalne kolone med tekočinama (kot so pulzirne kolone s perforiranimi ploščami) ali centrifugalni kontaktorji za kemično izmenjavo med tekočinama.
A major design concern is to avoid contamination of the process streams with certain metal ions.
Pri konstruiranju je pomembno preprečiti onesnaženje procesnih tokov z določenimi kovinskimi ioni.
For a continuous process, a reflux system is necessary to release the uranium from the adsorbent back into the liquid flow so that &apos;product&apos; and &apos;tails&apos; can be collected.
Da teče postopek neprekinjeno, je potreben sistem za povratni tok za sproščanje urana iz adsorbenta nazaj v tekočo fazo, tako da je mogoče ločeno zbirati »obogateni« in »osiromašeni« uran.
This is accomplished with the use of suitable reduction/oxidation chemical agents that are fully regenerated in separate external circuits and that may be partially regenerated within the isotopic separation columns themselves.
To se izvede z uporabo primernih kemičnih redukcijskih/oksidacijskih sredstev, ki se popolnoma regenerirajo v ločenih zunanjih krožnih tokovih in jih je mogoče deloma regenerirati znotraj samih kolon za ločevanje izotopov.
Liquid-liquid exchange columns (Chemical exchange)
5.6.1 Kolone za izmenjavo med tekočinama (kemična izmenjava)
Countercurrent liquid-liquid exchange columns having mechanical power input (i.e., pulsed columns with sieve plates, reciprocating plate columns, and columns with internal turbine mixers), especially designed or prepared for uranium enrichment using the chemical exchange process.
Protitočne kolone za kemično izmenjavo med tekočinama z mehanskim izvorom energije (tj. pulzirne kolone s perforiranimi ploščami, kolone s povratnimi ploščami in kolone z notranjimi turbinskimi mešali) so posebej konstruirane ali izdelane za izotopsko obogatitev urana s kemično izmenjavo.
Liquid-liquid centrifugal contactors (Chemical exchange)
5.6.2 Centrifugalni kontaktorji za izmenjavo med tekočinama (kemična izmenjava)
Liquid-liquid centrifugal contactors especially designed or prepared for uranium enrichment using the chemical exchange process.
To so centrifugalni kontaktorji za izmenjavo med tekočinama, posebej konstruirani ali izdelani za obogatitev urana s postopkom kemične izmenjave.
Uranium reduction systems and equipment (Chemical exchange)
5.6.3 Sistemi in oprema za redukcijo urana (kemična izmenjava)
The cell materials in contact with process solutions must be corrosion resistant to concentrated hydrochloric acid solutions.
Deli celic, ki so v stiku s procesno raztopino, morajo biti izdelani iz materiala, odpornega proti koroziji s koncentriranimi raztopinami solne kisline.
The cell cathodic compartment must be designed to prevent re-oxidation of uranium to its higher valence state.
Katodni prekat celice mora biti konstruiran tako, da se prepreči ponovna oksidacija urana v višje valentno stanje.
These systems consist of solvent extraction equipment for stripping the U4+ from the organic stream into an aqueous solution, evaporation and/or other equipment to accomplish solution pH adjustment and control, and pumps or other transfer devices for feeding to the electrochemical reduction cells.
Ti sistemi so sestavljeni iz opreme za solventno ekstrakcijo za izločanje U4+ iz organske komponente v vodno raztopino, opreme za izparevanje in/ali druge opreme za uravnavanje in nadziranje pH raztopine, črpalk ali drugih prenosnih naprav za napajanje celic za elektrokemično redukcijo.
Consequently, for those parts in contact with the process stream, the system is constructed of equipment made of or protected by suitable materials (such as glass, fluorocarbon polymers, polyphenyl sulfate, polyether sulfone, and resin-impregnated graphite).
Zato dele sistema, ki so v stiku s procesnim tokom, sestavlja oprema, izdelana iz primernega materiala (kot so steklo, polimeri fluoroogljika, polifenilsulfat, polietersulfon in s smolo impregnirani grafit) ali zaščitena z njimi.
Feed preparation systems (Chemical exchange)
5.6.4 Sistemi za pripravo vhodnih komponent (kemična izmenjava)
Especially designed or prepared systems for producing high-purity uranium chloride feed solutions for chemical exchange uranium isotope separation plants.
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani sistemi za proizvodnjo vhodne raztopine uranovega klorida visoke čistosti v obratih, ki uporabljajo izotopsko ločevanje urana s postopkom kemične izmenjave.
These systems consist of dissolution, solvent extraction and/or ion exchange equipment for purification and electrolytic cells for reducing the uranium U6+ or U4+ to U3+.
Ti sistemi so sestavljeni iz opreme za raztapljanje, solventno ekstrakcijo in/ali ionsko izmenjavo za čiščenje ter iz elektrolitskih celic za redukcijo urana U6+ ali U4+ v U3+.
Uranium oxidation systems (Chemical exchange)
5.6.5 Sistemi za oksidacijo urana (kemična izmenjava)
These systems may incorporate equipment such as
Ti sistemi lahko vključujejo opremo, kot je
(a) Equipment for contacting chlorine and oxygen with the aqueous effluent from the isotope separation equipment and extracting the resultant U4+ into the stripped organic stream returning from the product end of the cascade
(a) oprema za vzpostavljanje stika med klorom in kisikom z vodnim iztokom iz opreme za ločevanje izotopov in za ekstrahiranje tako dobljenega U4+ v organski tok, ki se po desorpciji vrača s konca kaskade;
(b) Equipment that separates water from hydrochloric acid so that the water and the concentrated hydrochloric acid may be reintroduced to the process at the proper locations.
(b) oprema, ki ločuje vodo od solne kisline, tako da je mogoče vodo in koncentrirano solno kislino ponovno vrniti v postopek na primernih mestih.
Fast-reacting ion exchange resins/adsorbents (ion exchange)
5.6.6 Visoko aktivne smole/adsorbenti za ionsko izmenjavo (ionska izmenjava)
These ion exchange resins/adsorbents have diameters of 0,2 mm or less and must be chemically resistant to concentrated hydrochloric acid solutions as well as physically strong enough so as not to degrade in the exchange columns.
Te smole/adsorbenti za ionsko izmenjavo s premerom 0,2 mm ali manj morajo biti kemično odporni proti koncentrirani solni kislini in njenim raztopinam ter fizično dovolj trdni, da ne razpadejo v kolonah za ionsko izmenjavo.
Ion exchange columns (Ion exchange)
5.6.7 Kolone za ionsko izmenjavo (ionska izmenjava)
Cylindrical columns greater than 1 000 mm in diameter for containing and supporting packed beds of ion exchange resin/adsorbent, especially designed or prepared for uranium enrichment using the ion exchange process.
To so valjaste kolone s premerom nad 1000 mm za namestitev slojev smol/adsorbentov za ionsko izmenjavo in so posebej konstruirane ali izdelane za obogatitev urana s procesom ionske izmenjave.
Ion exchange reflux systems (Ion exchange)
5.6.8 Povratni sistemi za ionsko izmenjavo (ionska izmenjava)
(b) Especially designed or prepared chemical or electrochemical oxidation systems for regeneration of the chemical oxidizing agent(s) used in ion exchange uranium enrichment cascades.
(b) To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani sistemi za kemično ali elektrokemično oksidacijo za regeneriranje kemičnega redukcijskega sredstva, ki se uporablja v kaskadah za obogatitev urana z ionsko izmenjavo.
The ion exchange enrichment process may use, for example, trivalent titanium (Ti3+) as a reducing cation in which case the reduction system would regenerate Ti3+ by reducing Ti4+.
Pri postopku obogatitve z ionsko izmenjavo se lahko kot reducirni kation uporabi npr. trivalentni titan (Ti3+), v primeru katerega redukcijski sistem regenerira Ti3+ z redukcijo Ti4+.
Especially designed or prepared systems, equipment and components for use in laser-based enrichment plants
5.7 Posebej konstruirani ali izdelani sistemi, oprema in sestavni deli za uporabo v obratih za obogatitev urana z lasersko tehnologijo
Present systems for enrichment processes using lasers fall into two categories
Sodobni sistemi za postopke obogatitve z laserji se delijo v dve kategoriji
Common nomenclature for such processes include
Običajno se za te sisteme uporabljajo naslednji izrazi
The systems, equipment and components for laser enrichment plants embrace
Sistemi, oprema in sestavni deli za obrate za lasersko obogatitev vsebujejo
The complexity of the spectroscopy of uranium atoms and compounds may require incorporation of any of a number of available laser technologies.
Zaradi zahtevnosti spektroskopije uranovih atomov in spojin je lahko vključena katera koli od številnih razpoložljivih laserskih tehnologij.
For the purposes of the section relating to laser-based enrichment items, the materials resistant to corrosion by the vapor or liquid of uranium metal or uranium alloys include yttria-coated graphite and tantalum; and the materials resistant to corrosion by UF6 include copper, stainless steel, aluminium, aluminium alloys, nickel or alloys containing 60 % or more nickel and UF6-resistant fully fluorinated hydrocarbon polymers.
Za namene točke, ki se nanaša na postavke za obogatitev z lasersko tehnologijo, so materiali, ki so odporni proti koroziji z uparjenim ali tekočim kovinskim uranom ali uranovimi zlitinami, z itrijem prevlečen grafit in tantal; materiali, odporni proti koroziji z UF6, pa baker, nerjavno jeklo, aluminij, aluminijeve zlitine, nikelj ali zlitine z najmanj 60% niklja in popolnoma fluorirani polimeri ogljikovodika, odporni proti UF6.
Uranium vaporization systems (AVLIS)
5.7.1 Sistemi za uparjanje urana (AVLIS)
Especially designed or prepared uranium vaporization systems which contain high-power strip or scanning electron beam guns with a delivered power on the target of more than 2.5 kW/cm.
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani sistemi za uparjanje urana, sestavljeni iz pasovnih ali skenirnih elektronskih topov, ki oddajajo elektronske curke z močjo, ki na tarči znaša več kot 2,5 kW/cm.
Especially designed or prepared &apos;product&apos; and &apos;tails&apos; collector assemblies for uranium metal in liquid or solid form.
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani zbiralniki za zbiranje »obogatenega« in »osiromašenega« urana v talini ali v trdni obliki.
Especially designed or prepared uranium pentafluoride (UF5) solid product collectors consisting of filter, impact, or cyclone-type collectors, or combinations thereof, and which are corrosion resistant to the UF5/UF6 environment.
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani zbiralniki za zbiranje uranovega pentafluorida (UF5) v trdnem agregatnem stanju, ki so sestavljeni iz filtra, udarnega ali ciklonskega zbiralnika ali iz kombinacije obeh in so odporni proti koroziji z UF5/UF6.
Especially designed or prepared compressors for UF6/carrier gas mixtures, designed for long term operation in a UF6 environment.
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani kompresorji za mešanico UF6 in nosilnega plina za dolgotrajno obratovanje v okolju z UF6.
The components of these compressors that come into contact with process gas are made of or protected by materials resistant to corrosion by UF6.
Sestavni deli teh kompresorjev, ki prihajajo v stik s procesnim plinom so izdelani iz materiala, ki je odporen proti koroziji z UF6, ali prevlečeni z njim.
Especially designed or prepared rotary shaft seals, with seal feed and seal exhaust connections, for sealing the shaft connecting the compressor rotor with the driver motor so as to ensure a reliable seal against out-leakage of process gas or in-leakage of air or seal gas into the inner chamber of the compressor which is filled with a UF6/carrier gas mixture.
To so posebej konstruirana ali izdelana tesnila gredi z dovodnim in odvodnim priključkom za tesnilno sredstvo, ki tesnijo gred rotorja, ki povezuje kompresor s pogonskim motorjem, tako da preprečujejo puščanje procesnega plina ali vdiranje zraka ali tesnilnega plina v notranjo komoro kompresorja, napolnjeno z mešanico UF6 in nosilnega plina.
In one approach, the fluorination reaction may be accomplished within the isotope separation system to react and recover directly off the &apos;product&apos; collectors.
Po prvi metodi reakcija fluoriranja lahko poteka v sistemu za ločevanje izotopov, kjer pride do reakcije in se pridobi »obogateni« UF6 neposredno po izstopu iz zbiralnikov.
In both approaches, equipment for storage and transfer of fluorine (or other suitable fluorinating agents) and for collection and transfer of UF6 are used.
Po obeh metodah se uporablja oprema za shranjevanje in prenos fluora (ali kakega drugega primernega sredstva za fluoriranje) ter za zbiranje in prenos UF6.
UF6 mass spectrometers/ion sources (MLIS)
5.7.10 UF6 masni spektrometri in ionski izvori (MLIS)
Feed systems/product and tails withdrawal systems (MLIS)
5.7.11 Napajalni sistemi/sistemi za odvajanje osiromašenega in obogatenega UF6 (MLIS)
Especially designed or prepared process systems or equipment for enrichment plants made of or protected by materials resistant to corrosion by UF6, including
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani procesni sistemi ali oprema za obrate za obogatitev, izdelani iz materiala, ki je odporen proti koroziji z UF6, ali zaščiteni z njim, ki obsegajo
(c) Solidification or liquefaction stations used to remove UF6 from the enrichment process by compressing and converting UF6 to a liquid or solid form;
(c) postaje za pretvorbo v trdno stanje in utekočinjenje za odstranjevanje UF6 iz procesa obogatitve s stiskanjem in pretvorbo v tekoče ali trdno agregatno stanje;
UF6/carrier gas separation systems (MLIS)
5.7.12 Sistemi za ločevanje UF6 od nosilnega plina (MLIS)
These systems may incorporate equipment such as
Ti sistemi lahko vsebujejo opremo, kot je
(a) Cryogenic heat exchangers or cryoseparators capable of temperatures of 120 oC or less, or
(a) kriogeni toplotni izmenjevaniki ali kriogeni ločevalniki, za temperature 120 °C ali manj ali
(b) Cryogenic refrigeration units capable of temperatures of 120 oC or less, or
(b) kriogene hladilne enote, za temperature 120 °C ali manj ali
The laser system for the AVLIS process usually consists of two lasers
Laserski sistem za postopek AVLIS je običajno sestavljen iz dveh laserjev
a copper vapor laser and a dye laser.
laserja z bakrovo paro in laserja z barvilom kot aktivnim sredstvom.
The laser system for MLIS usually consists of a CO2 or excimer laser and a multi-pass optical cell with revolving mirrors at both ends.
Laserski sistem za MLIS je običajno sestavljen iz CO2 laserja ali laserja s plinskimi molekulami, obstojnimi samo v vzbujenem stanju (excimer), in optičnih celic za večkratni prehod z vrtljivimi zrcali na obeh koncih.
Lasers or laser systems for both processes require a spectrum frequency stabilizer for operation over extended periods of time.
Pri laserjih ali laserskih sistemih je za oba postopka potreben stabilizator frekvenčnega spektra, ki omogoča delovanje v daljšem časovnem obdobju.
In the plasma separation process, a plasma of uranium ions passes through an electric field tuned to the U-235 ion resonance frequency so that they preferentially absorb energy and increase the diameter of their corkscrew-like orbits.
Pri postopku ločevanja s plazmo gre plazma uranovih ionov skozi električno polje, uglašeno na resonančno frekvenco U-235 ionov, tako da selektivno absorbirajo energijo in povečujejo premer svojih spiralno oblikovanih orbit.
The main technological systems of the process include the uranium plasma generation system, the separator module with superconducting magnet and metal removal systems for the collection of &apos;product&apos; and &apos;tails&apos;.
Glavni tehnološki sistemi postopka so sistem za ustvarjanje uranove plazme, ločevalni modul s superprevodnim magnetom in sistemi za odstranjevanje kovine, nameščeni za zbiranje »obogatenega« in »osiromašenega« urana.
Especially designed or prepared microwave power sources and antennae for producing or accelerating ions and having the following characteristics
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani generatorji mikrovalov in antene za ustvarjanje ali pospeševanje ionov in z naslednjimi značilnostmi
Suitable materials include tantalum, yttria-coated graphite, graphite coated with other rare earth oxides or mixtures thereof.
Primerni materiali so tantal, grafit s prevleko iz itrija, grafit s prevleko iz oksidov redkih zemelj ali njihove zmesi.
Uranium metal &apos;product&apos; and &apos;tails&apos; collector assemblies
5.8.5 Sistem za zbiranje »obogatenega« in »osiromašenega« kovinskega urana
These collector assemblies are made of or protected by materials resistant to the heat and corrosion of uranium metal vapor, such as yttria-coated graphite or tantalum.
Izdelani so iz materiala, ki je odporen proti visokim temperaturam in koroziji s parami kovinskega urana, kot je grafit s prevleko iz itrija ali tantal, ali zaščiteni z njim.
They have provisions for opening and closure to allow for refurbishment of internal components and are constructed of a suitable non-magnetic material such as stainless steel.
Opremljena so s pripravami za odpiranje in zapiranje, kar omogoča obnavljanje notranjih sestavnih delov, ter so izdelana iz primernega nemagnetnega materiala, kot je nerjavno jeklo.
In the electromagnetic process, uranium metal ions produced by ionization of a salt feed material (typically UCl4) are accelerated and passed through a magnetic field that has the effect of causing the ions of different isotopes to follow different paths.
Pri elektromagnetnem postopku se ioni kovinskega urana, ki nastanejo z ionizacijo soli dovajanega materiala (običajno UCl4), pospešijo in vodijo skozi magnetno polje, ki povzroči, da gredo ioni različnih izotopov po različnih poteh.
The major components of an electromagnetic isotope separator include
Glavni sestavni deli elektromagnetnega ločevalnika izotopov so
a magnetic field for ion-beam diversion/separation of the isotopes, an ion source with its acceleration system, and a collection system for the separated ions.
magnetno polje za odklanjanje/ločevanje izotopov v ionskem curku, ionski vir s pospeševalnim sistemom in zbiralni sistem za ločene ione.
Electromagnetic isotope separators especially designed or prepared for the separation of uranium isotopes, and equipment and components therefor, including
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani elektromagnetni ločevalniki izotopov, oprema in sestavni deli za ločevanje uranovih izotopov in obsegajo
(a) Ion sources
(a) ionske izvore
(b) Ion collectors
(b) zbiralnike ionov
(c) Vacuum housings
(c) vakuumska ohišja
Especially designed or prepared vacuum housings for uranium electromagnetic separators, constructed of suitable non-magnetic materials such as stainless steel and designed for operation at pressures of 0,1 Pa or lower;
To so posebej konstruirana ali izdelana vakuumska ohišja za vgradnjo elektromagnetnih ločevalnikov urana, izdelana iz primernega nemagnetnega materiala, kot je nerjavno jeklo, in konstruirana za obratovanje pri tlaku 0,1 Pa ali manj;
Especially designed or prepared magnet pole pieces having a diameter greater than 2 m used to maintain a constant magnetic field within an electromagnetic isotope separator and to transfer the magnetic field between adjoining separators.
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani magnetni poli s premerom nad 2 m za vzdrževanje stalnega magnetnega polja znotraj elektromagnetnega ločevalnika izotopov in za prenos magnetnega polja med sosednjimi ločevalniki.
Especially designed or prepared high-voltage power supplies for ion sources, having all of the following characteristics
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani viri visoke napetosti za ionske izvore z vsemi naslednjimi značilnostmi
capable of continuous operation, output voltage of 20,000 V or greater, output current of 1 A or greater, and voltage regulation of better than 0.01% over a time period of 8 hours.
sposobnostjo neprekinjenega delovanja, izhodne napetosti najmanj 20.000 V, jakosti izhodnega toka najmanj 1 A in regulacije napetosti, boljše kot 0,01% v časovnem obdobju osmih ur.
Especially designed or prepared high-power, direct current magnet power supplies having all of the following characteristics
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani viri enosmernega toka za elektromagnete z vsemi naslednjimi značilnostmi
However, the two processes that have proven to be commercially viable are the water-hydrogen sulphide exchange process (GS process) and the ammonia-hydrogen exchange process.
Vendar pa sta se za komercialno uspešna izkazala izmenjevalni postopek voda-vodikov sulfid (postopek GS) in izmenjevalni postopek amoniak-vodik.
The GS process is based upon the exchange of hydrogen and deuterium between water and hydrogen sulphide within a series of towers which are operated with the top section cold and the bottom section hot.
Postopek GS temelji na izmenjavi vodika in devterija med vodo in vodikovim sulfidom znotraj zaporedja stolpov, ki delujejo tako, da je njihov zgornji del hladen in spodnji del vroč.
The product of the last stage, water enriched up to 30 % in deuterium, is sent to a distillation unit to produce reactor grade heavy water, i.e., 99,75 % deuterium oxide.
Proizvod zadnje stopnje, voda, obogatena do 30% z devterijem, se pošlje v destilacijsko enoto, v kateri se pridobi težka voda reaktorske kakovosti; tj. 99,75% devterijev oksid.
The ammonia-hydrogen exchange process can extract deuterium from synthesis gas through contact with liquid ammonia in the presence of a catalyst.
Izmenjevalni postopek amoniak-vodik lahko izloči devterij iz sinteznega plina ob stiku s tekočim amoniakom ob prisotnosti katalizatorja.
The synthesis gas feed can be provided by an ammonia plant that, in turn, can be constructed in association with a heavy water ammonia-hydrogen exchange plant.
Sintezni plin se lahko dovaja iz obrata za pridobivanje amoniaka, tega pa je mogoče zgraditi v sklopu obrata za težko vodo po izmenjevalnem postopku amoniak-vodik.
The ammonia-hydrogen exchange process can also use ordinary water as a feed source of deuterium.
Za izmenjevalni postopek amoniak-vodik se kot vir devterija lahko uporabi tudi navadna voda.
Many of the key equipment items for heavy water production plants using GS or the ammonia-hydrogen exchange processes are common to several segments of the chemical and petroleum industries.
Veliko ključnih postavk opreme obratov za pridobivanje težke vode z izmenjevalnim postopkom GS ali pa izmenjevalnim postopkom amoniak-vodik je skupnih večjemu številu segmentov kemične in naftne industrije.
The GS and ammonia-hydrogen processes require the handling of large quantities of flammable, corrosive and toxic fluids at elevated pressures.
Postopek GS in postopek amoniak-vodik zahtevata ravnanje z večjimi količinami vnetljivih, korozivnih in strupenih tekočin pri visokem tlaku.