natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
SOEs should develop an active policy of communication and consultation with all shareholders.
C. Družbe v državni lasti morajo oblikovati aktivno politiko komuniciranja in posvetovanja z vsemi delničarji.
D. The participation of minority shareholders in shareholder meetings should be facilitated in order to allow them to take part in fundamental corporate decisions such as board election.
D. Spodbujati je potrebno udeležbo manjšinskih delničarjev na skupščinah delničarjev zato, da lahko sodelujejo pri temeljnih korporativnih odločitvah, kot na primer pri volitvah odbora.
Relationships with Stakeholders
Odnosi z deležniki
The state ownership policy should fully recognise the state-owned enterprises&apos; responsibilities towards stakeholders and request that they report on their relations with stakeholders.
Lastniška politika države mora v celoti priznavati odgovornost družb v državni lasti do deležnikov in zahtevati, da poročajo o svojih odnosih z deležniki.
A. Governments, the co-ordinating or ownership entity and SOEs themselves should recognise and respect stakeholders&apos; rights established by law or through mutual agreements, and refer to the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance in this regard.
A. Vlada, koordinacijski ali lastniški organ in same družbe v državni lasti so dolžne priznavati in spoštovati pravice deležnikov, osnovane na zakonih in medsebojnih pogodbah, in v tem okviru upoštevati Načela korporativnega upravljanja OECD.
B. Listed or large SOEs, as well as SOEs pursuing important public policy objectives, should report on stakeholder relations.
B. Družbe v državni lasti, ki kotirajo na borzi ali velike družbe v državni lasti, kot tudi družbe v državni lasti, ki uresničujejo pomembne cilje javnega reda, so dolžne poročati o svojih odnosih z deležniki.
C. The board of SOEs should be required to develop, implement and communicate compliance programmes for internal codes of ethics.
C. Od odborov družb v državni lasti je potrebno zahtevati, da pripravijo, uvedejo in skomunicirajo programe skladnosti z internimi etičnimi kodeksi.
These codes of ethics should be based on country norms, in conformity with international commitments and apply to the company and its subsidiaries.
Etični kodeksi morajo temeljiti na nacionalnih normah obnašanja, biti morajo usklajeni z mednarodnimi obveznostmi in uvedeni v prakso v družbi in v njenih podružnicah.
V. Transparency and Disclosure
V. Preglednost in objavljanje podatkov
State-owned enterprises should observe high standards of transparency in accordance with the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance.
Družbe v državni lasti so dolžne upoštevati visoke standarde preglednosti v skladu z Načeli korporativnega upravljanja OECD.
A. The co-ordinating or ownership entity should develop consistent and aggregate reporting on state-owned enterprises and publish annually an aggregate report on SOEs.
A. Koordinacijski ali lastniški organ je dolžan razviti konsistentno in zbirno poročanje o družbah v državni lasti in letno objavljati zbirna poročila.
B. SOEs should develop efficient internal audit procedures and establish an internal audit function that is monitored by and reports directly to the board and to the audit committee or the equivalent company organ.
B. Družbe v državni lasti so dolžne razviti učinkovite postopke notranje revizije in uvesti funkcijo notranje revizije, ki jo nadzoruje odbor in ki poroča neposredno odboru in revizijski komisiji, oziroma ekvivalentnemu organu družbe.
C. SOEs, especially large ones, should be subject to an annual independent external audit based on international standards.
C. Družbe v državni lasti, posebej velike, mora letno preverjati neodvisen zunanji revizijski organ po mednarodnih standardih.
The existence of specific state control procedures does not substitute for an independent external audit.
Specifični nadzorni postopki države ne morejo nadomestiti neodvisne zunanje revizije.
D. SOEs should be subject to the same high quality accounting and auditing standards as listed companies.
D. Družbe v državni lasti morajo upoštevati enake visokokakovostne računovodske in revizijske standarde kot družbe, ki kotirajo na borzi.
Large or listed SOEs should disclose financial and non-financial information according to high quality internationally recognised standards.
Družbe v državni lasti, velike in tiste, ki kotirajo na borzi, so dolžne objavljati finančne in nefinančne podatke v skladu z visoko kakovostnimi, mednarodno priznanimi standardi.
E. SOEs should disclose material information on all matters described in the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance and in addition focus on areas of significant concern for the state as an owner and the general public.
E. Družbe v državni lasti so dolžne objaviti bistvene informacije o vseh zadevah, ki jih navajajo Načela korporativnega upravljanja OECD in se poleg tega osredotočati na področja, ki so pomembna za državo kot lastnico in za splošno javnost.
Examples of such information include
Med takšne informacije sodijo
A clear statement to the public of the company objectives and their fulfilment. The ownership and voting structure of the company. Any material risk factors and measures taken to manage such risks. Any financial assistance, including guarantees, received from the state and commitments made on behalf of the SOE. Any material transactions with related entities.
1.jasna izjava za javnost o ciljih družbe in njihovem izvrševanju; 2.lastniška in glasovalna struktura družbe; 3.morebitni pomembni dejavniki tveganja in ukrepi za njihovo obvladovanje; 4.morebitna državna finančna pomoč, vključno z državnimi garancijami ter sprejete obveznosti v imenudružbe v državni lasti; 5.vse pomembne transakcije s povezanimi družbami.
The Responsibilities of the Boards of State-Owned Enterprises
Naloge odborov družb v državni lasti
The boards of state-owned enterprises should have the necessary authority, competencies and objectivity to carry out their function of strategic guidance and monitoring of management.
Odbori družb v državni lasti morajo imeti potrebna pooblastila in kompetence ter biti objektivni pri izvajanju funkcije strateškega vodenja in nadzora nad menedžmentom.
They are obliged to perform their tasks fairly and responsibly.
Svoje naloge so dolžni opravljati pošteno in odgovorno.
A. The boards of SOEs should be assigned a clear mandate and ultimate responsibility for the company&apos;s performance.
A. Odboru družb v državni lasti mora biti dodeljen jasen mandat in najvišja odgovornost za poslovanje družbe.
The board should be fully accountable to the owners, act in the best interest of the company and treat all shareholders equitably.
Odbor mora biti v celoti odgovoren lastnikom, ravnati je dolžan v najboljšem interesu družbe in nepristransko obravnavati vse delničarje.
B. SOE boards should carry out their functions of monitoring of management and strategic guidance, subject to the objectives set by the government and the ownership entity.
B. Odbori družb v državni lasti so dolžni izvajati svoje funkcije nadzora nad menedžmentom in strateškega vodenja v skladu s cilji, ki sta jih začrtala vlada in lastniški organ.
They should have the power to appoint and remove the CEO.
Imeti morajo tudi pooblastilo za imenovanje in razreševanje glavnega izvršnega direktorja.
C. The boards of SOEs should be composed so that they can exercise objective and independent judgement.
C. Odbori družb v državni lasti morajo biti sestavljeni tako, da lahko izrekajo objektivna in neodvisna mnenja.
Good practice calls for the Chair to be separate from the CEO.
Dobra praksa narekuje ločenost funkcij predsedujočega odbora in glavnega izvršnega direktorja.
D. If employee representation on the board is mandated, mechanisms should be developed to guarantee that this representation is exercised effectively and contributes to the enhancement of the board skills, information and independence.
D. Če ima v odboru mandat predstavništvo zaposlenih, je potrebno vzpostaviti mehanizme, ki bodo zagotavljali, da bo to zastopanje učinkovito in bo prispevalo k večjim izkušnjam, obveščenosti in neodvisnosti odbora.
E. When necessary, SOE boards should set up specialised committees to support the full board in performing its functions, particularly in respect to audit, risk management and remuneration.
E. Po potrebi morajo odbori družb v državni lasti ustanoviti posebne strokovne komisije, ki bodo podpirale delo celotnega odbora pri izvajanju njegovih funkcij, posebej v zvezi z revizijo, obvladovanjem tveganj in nagrajevanjem.
F. SOE boards should carry out an annual evaluation to appraise their performance.
F. Odbori družb v državni lasti so dolžni izvajati letno ocenjevanje svojega dela.
Ensuring an Effective Legal and Regulatory Framework for State-Owned Enterprises
Zagotavljanje učinkovitega pravnega in regulatornega okvira za družbe v državni lasti
The framework should build on, and be fully compatible with, the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance.
Okvir mora temeljiti na in biti popolnoma v skladu z Načeli korporativnega upravljanja OECD.
The legal and regulatory framework within which SOEs operate is often complex.
Pravni in regulatorni okvir, v katerem družbe v državni lasti poslujejo, je običajno kompleksen.
If it is not consistent and coherent it can easily result in costly market distortions and undermine the accountability of both management and the state as an owner.
Če ni konsistenten in koherenten, kaj hitro lahko povzroči draga tržna izkrivljanja in spodkoplje odgovornost tako menedžmenta kot države kot lastnice.
A clear division of responsibilities among authorities, a streamlining of legal forms together with a coherent and consistent regulatory framework will facilitate the improvement of corporate governance in SOEs.
Jasno razločevanje odgovornosti med pristojnimi organi, prilagojenost pravnih oblik ter koherenten in konsistenten regulatorni okvir bodo omogočili izboljšanje korporativnega upravljanja v družbah v državni lasti.
A. There should be a clear separation between the state&apos;s ownership function and other state functions that may influence the conditions for state-owned enterprises, particularly with regard to market regulation.
A. Postavljena mora biti jasna ločnica med lastniško funkcijo države in drugimi državnimi funkcijami, ki lahko vplivajo na pogoje družb v državni lasti,to je predvsem regulacija trga.
The state often plays a dual role of market regulator and owner of SOEs with commercial operations, particularly in the newly deregulated and often partially privatised network industries.
Posebej na novo dereguliranih trgih in pogosto v delno privatiziranih komunikacijskih industrijah igra država običajno dvojno vlogo - vlogo regulatorja trga in lastnika družb, ki opravljajo komercialno dejavnost.
Whenever this is the case, the state is at the same time a major market player and an arbitrator.
V teh primerih je država istočasno največja udeleženka trga in glavni razsodnik.
Full administrative separation of responsibilities for ownership and market regulation is therefore a fundamental prerequisite for creating a level playing field for SOEs and private companies and for avoiding distortion of competition.
Za ustvarjanje enakopravnih razmer na trgu za družbe v državni kot v privatni lasti ter za preprečevanje izkrivljanj pogojev tržne konkurence je zato prvi pogoj, da se dosledno, administrativno loči funkcijo državnega lastništva od funkcije regulacije trga.
Such separation is also advocated by the OECD Principles of Regulatory Reform.
To ločitev zagovarjajo tudi Načela reforme regulacije OECD.
Another important case is when SOEs are used as an instrument for industrial policy.
Drug tak pomemben primer je, ko se družbe v državni lasti uporablja kot instrument industrijske politike.
This can easily result in confusion and conflicts of interest between industrial policy and the ownership functions of the state, particularly if the responsibility for industrial policy and the ownership functions are vested with the same branch or sector ministries.
To lahko hitro pripelje do zmede in navzkrižij interesov med industrijsko politiko in lastniškimi funkcijami države, posebej če so odgovornosti za industrijsko politiko in za lastniške funkcije dodeljene istemu ministrstvu.
A separation of industrial policy and ownership will enhance the identification of the state as an owner and will favour transparency in defining objectives and monitoring performance.
Ločevanje industrijske politike in lastništva bo povečalo možnosti identificiranja države kot lastnice in prispevalo k preglednejšemu definiranju ciljev in izvajanju nadzora.
However, such separation does not prevent necessary co-ordination between the two functions.
Takšno ločevanje pa ne preprečuje nujne koordinacije med tema funkcijama.
In order to prevent conflicts of interest, it is also necessary to clearly separate the ownership function from any entities within the state administration which might be clients or main suppliers to SOEs.
Za preprečevanje navzkrižij interesov je tudi potrebno jasno ločevati lastniško funkcijo od organov v državni upravi, ki bi lahko bili stranke ali glavni dobavitelji družb v državni lasti.
General procurement rules should apply to SOEs as well as to any other companies.
Za družbe v državni lasti morajo veljati enaki splošni predpisi o javnih naročilih kot za druge družbe.
Legal as well as non legal barriers to fair procurement should be removed.
Za korektno izvajanje javnih naročil morajo biti odstranjene vse zakonske in nezakonske ovire.
In implementing effective separation between the different state roles with regard SOEs, both perceived and real conflicts of interest should be taken into account.
Pri uvajanju učinkovitega ločevanja med različnimi vlogami države v odnosu do družb v državni lasti je potrebno upoštevati tako domnevna kot realna navzkrižja interesov.
B. Governments should strive to simplify and streamline the operational practices and the legal form under which SOEs operate.
B. Vlade držav si morajo prizadevati poenostaviti in uskladiti operativne postopke in pravno obliko, v kateri družbe v državni lasti poslujejo.
Their legal form should allow creditors to press their claims and to initiate insolvency procedures.
Njihova pravna oblika mora dovoljevati upnikom, da lahko zahtevajo poravnavo svojih terjatev in da lahko sprožijo postopek v primeru plačilne nezmožnosti.
SOEs may have a specific, and sometimes different, legal form from other companies.
Družbe v državni lasti imajo lahko specifično in nekoliko drugačno pravno obliko kot druge družbe.
This may reflect specific objectives or societal considerations as well as special protection granted to certain stakeholders.
To se lahko odraža v specifičnih ciljih ali družbeni odgovornosti, kot tudi v posebni zaščiti določenih deležnikov.
This particularly concerns employees whose remuneration may be fixed by regulatory acts/bodies and whom are given specific pension rights and protection against redundancies equivalent of those provided to civil servants.
To posebej zadeva zaposlene, katerih nagrajevanje lahko določajo regulativni predpisi/organi, ki zaposlenim dajejo posebne pravice glede upokojevanja in zaščite pred odpuščanji, ekvivalentne tistim za javne uslužbence.
In a number of cases, SOEs are also to a large extent protected from insolvency or bankruptcy procedures by their specific legal status.
V številnih primerih so družbe v državni lasti zaradi svojega specifičnega statusa v veliki mere zaščitene pred postopki plačilne nezmožnosti in pred stečaji.
This is sometimes due to the necessity to ensure continuity in the provision of public services.
To je včasih umestno zaradi nujnosti kontinuiranega zagotavljanja javnih storitev.
Where this occurs, the SOEs often differ from the private limited liability companies through
Družbe v državni lasti se običajno razlikujejo od družb z omejeno odgovornostjo glede
i) the respective authority and power of the board, management and ministries; ii) the composition and structure of these boards; iii) the extent to which they grant consultation or decision making rights to some stakeholders, more particularly, employees; iv) disclosure requirements and, as mentioned above, the extent to which they are subjected to insolvency and bankruptcy procedures, etc.
(i) pooblastil in moči odborov, menedžmenta in ministrstev; (ii) sestave in ustroja odborov; (iii) obsega pravic svetovanja in odločanja, ki jih dajejo posameznim deležnikom, še posebej zaposlenim; (iv) zahtev po objavi podatkov in glede na že zgoraj omenjene postopke plačilne nezmožnosti in stečaje, itd.
The legal form of SOEs also often includes a strict definition of the activity of the SOEs concerned, preventing them from diversifying or extending their activities in new sectors and/or overseas.
Pravna oblika družbe v državni lasti običajno tudi vsebuje zelo natančne opise dejavnosti družb v državni lasti in jim preprečuje diverzifikacijo ali širitev dejavnosti na nove sektorje in/ali v prekomorske države.
These limits have been legitimately set to prevent misuse of public funds, stop overly ambitious growth strategy or prevent SOEs from exporting sensitive technologies.
Te omejitve so bile legitimno postavljene za preprečevanje zlorab javnih skladov, pretirano ambicioznih strategij rasti in z namenom da družbe v državni lasti ne bi izvažale strateško pomembnih tehnologij.
In some countries, SOEs&apos; specific legal forms have evolved significantly in recent years in response to the deregulation and an increased scrutiny of state aid and cross subsidisation.
V nekaterih državah so se specifične pravne oblike družb v državni lasti v zadnjih letih precej razvile kot odgovor na deregulacijo in povečan nadzor nad državnimi programi pomoči in počeznih subvencij.
Limitations on the type of activities that SOEs are allowed to carry out according to their legal form have been relaxed.
Omejitve za tovrstne dejavnosti, ki jih družbe v državni lasti smejo izvajati v skladu z njihovo pravno obliko, so se zrahljale.
In some countries, changes in the legal form have been accompanied by the state taking on commitments regarding employees&apos; protection, more particularly regarding pension rights.
V nekaterih državah so spremembe v pravni obliki spremljale zaveze države za zaščito zaposlenih, predvsem v zvezi s pravicami upokojevanja.
When streamlining the legal form of SOEs, governments should base themselves as much as possible on corporate law and avoid creating a specific legal form when this is not absolutely necessary for the objectives of the enterprise.
Pri usklajevanju pravne oblike družb v državni lasti se morajo vlade kar najbolj opirati na pravo družb in se izogibati uvajanju specifičnih pravnih oblik, ko to ni absolutno nujno potrebno za uresničevanje ciljev družbe.
Streamlining of the legal form of SOEs would enhance transparency and facilitate oversight through benchmarking.
Usklajena pravna oblika družb v državni lasti povečuje preglednost in omogoča nadzor s primerjanjem na osnovi določenih kriterijev (benchmarking).
It would also level the playing field with private competitors in increasingly deregulated and competitive markets.
Izravnava tudi tržne pogoje z družbami v privatni lasti, ki jim konkurirajo na vse bolj dereguliranih in konkurenčnih trgih.
The streamlining should target SOEs having a commercial activity and operating in competitive, open markets.
Usklajevanje je potrebno opraviti predvsem pri družbah v državni lasti, ki opravljajo komercialno dejavnost in poslujejo na konkurenčnih in odprtih trgih.
It should focus on making those means and instruments usually available to private owners, also available to the state as an owner. Streamlining should therefore primarily concern the role and authority of the company&apos;s governance organs as well as transparency and disclosure obligations.
Osredotočiti se je potrebno na to, da bo država kot lastnica imela na voljo taka sredstva in instrumente, kot jih imajo na voljo privatni lastniki Usklajevanje bi se zato moralo v prvi vrsti nanašati na vlogo in pooblastila upravljavskih organov družbe in na obveznosti v zvezi s preglednostjo in objavo podatkov.
If the change of the legal forms of SOEs is too difficult, other options could be to streamline SOEs&apos; operational practices, make some specific regulations more inclusive, i.e. extending their validity or coverage to SOEs with specific legal forms, or ask SOEs to voluntary fulfil requirements from these specific regulations, particularly concerning disclosure requirements.
Če bi se spreminjanje pravne oblike družb v državni lasti izkazalo za preveč komplicirano, bi za uskladitev poslovnih praks družb v državni lasti lahko uporabili druge možnosti s tem, da bi veljavnost posameznih predpisov razširili na širše področje, da bi na primer veljali tudi za družbe z omejeno odgovornostjo s specifičnimi pravnimi oblikami, ali da bi od družb z omejeno odgovornostjo zahtevali prostovoljno izpolnjevanje določenih predpisov, posebej tistih v zvezi z zahtevami po objavi podatkov.
Such obligations and responsibilities should also be disclosed to the general public and related costs should be covered in a transparent manner.
Te obveznosti in naloge morajo biti objavljene splošni javnosti in zagotovljen mora biti tudi pregleden način pokrivanja stroškov.
In some cases SOEs are expected to fulfil special responsibilities and obligations for social and public policy purposes.
V posameznih primerih se od družb v državni lasti pričakuje, da bodo izvajale posebne naloge in obveznosti za namene socialne in javne politike.
In some countries this includes a regulation of the prices at which SOEs have to sell their products and services.
V nekaterih državah se sem prišteva tudi regulacija cen, po katerih morajo družbe v državni lasti prodajati svoje izdelke in storitve.
These special responsibilities and obligations may go beyond the generally accepted norm for commercial activities and should be clearly mandated and motivated by laws and regulations.
Te posebne naloge in obveznosti lahko presegajo splošno sprejete normative za komercialne dejavnosti in morajo biti jasno dodeljene in utemeljene z zakoni in predpisi.
They should also preferably be incorporated in the company by-laws.
Zaželeno je, da so vključene tudi v pravnih aktih družbe.
The market and the general public should be clearly informed about the nature and extent of these obligations, as well as about their overall impact on the SOEs&apos; resources and economic performance.
Trg in splošna javnost morajo biti jasno obveščeni o naravi in obsegu teh obveznosti, kot tudi o obsegu vplivanja na vire in ekonomske učinke družb v državni lasti.
It is also important that related costs be clearly identified, disclosed and adequately compensated by the state budget on the basis of specific legal provisions and/or through contractual mechanisms, such as management or service contracts.
Pomembno je tudi, da so s tem povezani stroški natančno ugotovljeni, objavljeni in adekvatno poravnani iz državnega proračuna na osnovi posebnih pravnih predpisov in/ali z pogodbenimi mehanizmi, kot so menedžerske ali storitvene pogodbe.
Compensation should be structured in a way that avoids market distortion.
Kompenzacija mora biti strukturirana tako, da ne povzroča tržnih izkrivljanj.
This is particularly the case if the enterprises concerned are in competitive sectors of the economy.
To še posebej velja v primerih, ko takšne družbe poslujejo v konkurenčnih gospodarskih sektorjih.
Experience has shown that in some countries SOEs may be exempt from a number of laws and regulations, including in a few cases, from competition law.
Izkušnje kažejo, da so v nekaterih državah družbe v državni lasti izvzete iz številnih zakonov in predpisov, med drugim v nekaj primerih tudi iz konkurenčnega prava.
SOEs are often not covered by bankruptcy law and creditors sometimes have difficulties in enforcing their contracts and in obtaining payments.
Družbe v državni lasti pogosto niso zavezane zakonodaji o stečajih in upniki imajo včasih težave pri izvrševanju pogodb ter dobivanju plačil.