natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Patients should, as a matter of principle, be placed in a position to give their free and informed consent to treatment.
Temeljno načelo je, da imajo pacienti pravico da svobodno in ob poznavanju vseh dejstev pristanejo ali zavrnejo zdravljenje.
The admission of a person to a psychiatric establishment on an involuntary basis should not be construed as authorising treatment without his consent.
Dejstvo prisilne hospitalizacije samo po sebi še ne bi smelo vključevati tudi prisilnega zdravljenja brez privolitve pacienta.
It follows that every competent patient, whether voluntary or involuntary, should be given the opportunity to refuse treatment or any other medical intervention.
To pomeni, da bi moral imeti vsak priseben pacient - prostovoljno ali prisilno hospitaliziran - možnost, da zavrne zdravljenje ali kakršnokoli medicinsko intervencijo.
Any derogation from this fundamental principle should be based upon law and only relate to clearly and strictly defined exceptional circumstances.
Vsako odstopanje od tega osnovnega načela bi moralo temeljiti na zakonu in biti omejeno na jasne in strogo določene izjemne okoliščine.
Of course, consent to treatment can only be qualified as free and informed if it is based on full, accurate and comprehensible information about the patient&apos;s condition and the treatment proposed; to describe ECT as &quot;sleep therapy&quot; is an example of less than full and accurate information about the treatment concerned.
Privolitev v zdravljenje se lahko šteje za svobodno, če je pacient popolno, točno in razumljivo obveščen o svojem stanju in predlaganem zdravljenju; npr. morebiten opis ECT-ja kot »spalne terapije« s strani osebja predstavlja tipičen primer nepopolnega in netočnega obveščanja o zdravljenju.
Consequently, all patients should be provided systematically with relevant information about their condition and the treatment which it is proposed to prescribe for them.
Zato bi morali vsi pacienti redno prejemati ustrezne informacije o njihovem stanju in o zdravljenju, ki se zanje predlaga.
Relevant information (results, etc.) should also be provided following treatment.
Prav tako bi morali imeti pacienti med zdravljenjem dostop do vseh ostalih pomembnih informacij (ugotovitve itd.).
Staff resources should be adequate in terms of numbers, categories of staff (psychiatrists, general practitioners, nurses, psychologists, occupational therapists, social workers, etc.), and experience and training.
Osebje v psihiatričnih ustanovah bi moralo biti ustrezno po številu, delovnih kategorijah (psihiatri, splošni zdravniki, medicinski tehniki, psihologi, delovni terapevti in socialni delavci), izobraženosti, usposobljenosti in izkušenosti.
Deficiencies in staff resources will often seriously undermine attempts to offer activities of the kind described in paragraph 37; further, they can lead to high-risk situations for patients, notwithstanding the good intentions and genuine efforts of the staff in service.
Kadrovske pomanjkljivosti običajno povsem onemogočijo poskuse, da se pacientom ponudijo aktivnosti opisane v 37. odstavku; prav tako pa lahko kljub dobrim namenom in resničnim naporom osebja privedejo do dejansko nevarnih situacij za paciente.
In some countries, the CPT has been particularly struck by the small number of qualified psychiatric nurses among the nursing staff in psychiatric establishments, and by the shortage of personnel qualified to conduct social therapy activities (in particular, occupational therapists).
Med svojimi obiski je bil CPT v nekaterih državah še posebej negativno presenečen nad majhnim številom (glede na celotno število negovalnega osebja v psihiatrični ustanovi) medicinskih sester in zdravstvenih tehnikov, kvalificiranih na področju psihiatrije. Podobno je bilo s pomanjkanjem osebja, ki je usposobljeno za izvajanje socialne terapije (še posebej delovnih terapevtov).
The development of specialised psychiatric nursing training and a greater emphasis on social therapy would have a considerable impact upon the quality of care.
Razvoj specializiranega šolanja za medicinske sestre in zdravstvene tehnike na področju psihiatrije in večji poudarek na socialni terapiji bi pomembno vplival na dvig kakovosti oskrbe v teh ustanovah.
In particular, they would lead to the emergence of a therapeutic milieu less centred on drug-based and physical treatments.
Prav tako pa bi pripomogel k vzpostavitvi terapevtskega okolja, ki ne bi temeljilo zgolj na zdravljenju z zdravili in fizičnemu zdravljenju.
A number of remarks concerning staff issues and, more particularly, auxiliary staff, have already been made in an earlier section (cf. paragraphs 28 to 31).
Številne ugotovitve glede osebja, še posebej pomožnega osebja, so predstavljene v prejšnjem poglavju (glej odstavke od 28 do 31).
However, the CPT also pays close attention to the attitude of doctors and nursing staff.
CPT posebno pozornost posveča odnosu zdravnikov in negovalnega osebja do pacientov.
In particular, the Committee will look for evidence of a genuine interest in establishing a therapeutic relationship with patients.
Odbor bo med svojimi obiski pozoren na znake resničnega interesa za vzpostavitev terapevtskih odnosov s pacienti.
It will also verify that patients who might be considered as burdensome or lacking rehabilitative potential are not being neglected.
Prav tako bo preverjal ali so pacienti, ki bi jih lahko šteli za težavne, ali paciente brez rehabilitacijskega potenciala, morebiti zapostavljeni.
As in other health-care services, it is important that the different categories of staff working in a psychiatric unit meet regularly and form a team under the authority of a senior doctor.
Kot v drugih zdravstvenih službah je tudi v psihiatričnih ustanovah pomembno, da se različne kategorije osebja, ki delajo v določenem oddelku redno srečujejo in tvorijo enotno ekipo pod vodstvom glavnega zdravnika.
This will allow day-to-day problems to be identified and discussed, and guidance to be given.
Na ta način je mogoča identifikacija problemov ter potrebna diskusija in dajanje navodil in usmeritev za njihovo reševanje.
The lack of such a possibility could well engender frustration and resentment among staff members.
Pomanjkanje te možnosti je lahko vir frustracij in nezadovoljstva med člani osebja.
External stimulation and support are also necessary to ensure that the staff of psychiatric establishments do not become too isolated.
Zunanja stimulacija in podpora sta prav tako pomembna dejavnika, saj preprečujeta preveliko izolacijo osebja psihiatrične ustanove.
In this connection, it is highly desirable for such staff to be offered training possibilities outside their establishment as well as secondment opportunities.
V povezavi s tem je zelo zaželeno, da ima osebje možnost izobraževanja izven ustanove, prav tako pa tudi možnost premestitve na drugo delovno mesto za določen čas.
Similarly, the presence in psychiatric establishments of independent persons (e.g. students and researchers) and external bodies (cf paragraph 55) should be encouraged.
V psihiatrični ustanovi bi bilo potrebno spodbujati tudi prisotnost in sodelovanje neodvisnih oseb (študenti, raziskovalci) ter zunanjih organov (glej odstavek 55).
Means of restraint
Fizična sredstva za umiritev pacientov
In any psychiatric establishment, the restraint of agitated and/or violent patients may on occasion be necessary.
V vsaki psihiatrični ustanovi je fizična umiritev vznemirjenih in/ali nasilnih pacientov občasno potrebna.
This is an area of particular concern to the CPT, given the potential for abuse and ill-treatment.
To področje še posebej zanima CPT, saj se v zvezi s tem lahko pojavijo zlorabe in slabo ravnanje.
The restraint of patients should be the subject of a clearly-defined policy.
Postopki fizične umiritve pacientov bi morala vnaprej jasno določeni.
That policy should make clear that initial attempts to restrain agitated or violent patients should, as far as possible, be non-physical (e.g. verbal instruction) and that where physical restraint is necessary, it should in principle be limited to manual control.
Pri tem bi bilo potrebno najprej postaviti pravilo, da morajo biti prvi koraki za umiritev vznemirjenega ali nasilnega pacienta, če je to le mogoče, ne-fizične narave (npr. navodila in ukazi). Prav tako bi moralo biti določeno, da je fizična umiritev pacienta, v primerih, ko je ta neizogibno potrebna, načeloma omejena na ročno obvladovanje pacienta.
Staff in psychiatric establishments should receive training in both non-physical and manual control techniques vis-a-vis agitated or violent patients.
Osebje v psihiatričnih bolnišnicah bi moralo biti izšolano za nenasilno in ročno obvladovanje vznemirjenega ali nasilnega pacienta.
The possession of such skills will enable staff to choose the most appropriate response when confronted by difficult situations, thereby significantly reducing the risk of injuries to patients and staff.
Posedovanje teh sposobnosti bo omogočilo osebju, da se na težko situacijo najprimerneje odzovejo in s tem občutno zmanjšajo nevarnost poškodb tako pacientov kot osebja samega.
Resort to instruments of physical restraint (straps, straight jackets, etc.) shall only very rarely be justified and must always be either expressly ordered by a doctor or immediately brought to the attention of a doctor with a view to seeking his approval.
Uporaba sredstev za fizično umiritev (vrvi, prisilni jopič itd.) je le redko upravičena in jo mora vedno izrecno odobriti zdravnik ali pa mora biti zdravnik o njeni uporabi nemudoma obveščen.
If, exceptionally, recourse is had to instruments of physical restraint, they should be removed at the earliest opportunity; they should never be applied, or their application prolonged, as a punishment.
Če je izjemoma uporaba teh sredstev potrebna, bi morala biti odstranjena takoj, ko je to mogoče. Nikoli pa tovrsten ukrep ne bi smel biti uporabljen (ali trajanje njegove uporabe podaljševano) kot kazen.
The CPT has on occasion encountered psychiatric patients to whom instruments of physical restraint have been applied for a period of days; the Committee must emphasise that such a state of affairs cannot have any therapeutic justification and amounts, in its view, to ill-treatment.
CPT je med svojimi obiski ob nekaterih priložnostih naletel na paciente, zoper katere so bila uporabljena prisilna sredstva za umiritev, ki so trajala več dni. Odbor mora poudariti, da tovrstno ravnanje ne more biti opravičljivo z nobenimi terapevtskimi ukrepi in po mnenju CPT-ja spada v kategorijo »slabega ravnanja«.
Reference should also be made in this context to the seclusion (i.e. confinement alone in a room) of violent or otherwise &quot;unmanageable&quot; patients, a procedure which has a long history in psychiatry.
V tem delu je potrebno omeniti tudi osamitev (npr. zadrževanje pacienta samega v sobi) nasilnega in sicer neobvladljivega pacienta. Gre za postopek, ki ima v psihiatriji dolgo zgodovino.
There is a clear trend in modern psychiatric practice in favour of avoiding seclusion of patients, and the CPT is pleased to note that it is being phased out in many countries.
V moderni psihiatrični praksi obstaja jasen trend, ki govori zoper osamitev pacientov. CPT z veseljem ugotavlja, da se ta trend odraža tudi v praksi mnogih držav.
For so long as seclusion remains in use, it should be the subject of a detailed policy spelling out, in particular
Če se v določenih ustanovah osamitev še uporablja, bi moralo biti njeno izvajanje vnaprej in jasno določeno. Posebej bi morali biti določeni
the types of cases in which it may be used; the objectives sought; its duration and the need for regular reviews; the existence of appropriate human contact; the need for staff to be especially attentive.
vrste primerov, v katerih se osamitev lahko uporabi; zasledovani cilji osamitve; njeno trajanje in potreba po rednem nadzoru; omogočanje ustreznih stikov pacienta z ljudmi; dolžnost osebja, da je v takih primerih posebej pozorno.
Seclusion should never be used as a punishment.
Osamitev nikoli ne bi smela biti uporabljena kot kazen.
Every instance of the physical restraint of a patient (manual control, use of instruments of physical restraint, seclusion) should be recorded in a specific register established for this purpose (as well as in the patient&apos;s file).
Vsak primer fizične umiritve pacienta (ročno obvladovanje, uporaba sredstev za fizično umiritev, osamitev) bi moral biti zabeležen v posebej za te primere namenjeni evidenci (prav tako bi morala biti zaznamovan v pacientovem kartonu).
The entry should include the times at which the measure began and ended, the circumstances of the case, the reasons for resorting to the measure, the name of the doctor who ordered or approved it, and an account of any injuries sustained by patients or staff.
Zaznamek bi moral vključevati čas, ko se je začelo in končalo izvajanje ukrepa, okoliščine primera, razloge za uporabo ukrepa, ime zdravnika, ki je ukrep odredil ali odobril in opis kakršnihkoli poškodb, ki jih je kot posledica ukrepa utrpel pacient ali osebje.
This will greatly facilitate both the management of such incidents and the oversight of the extent of their occurrence.
Tak postopek bo olajšal različne postopke v zvezi s temi ukrepi, nudil pa bo tudi pregled nad pogostostjo uporabe fizičnih sredstev prisile.
Safeguards in the context of involuntary placement
Varovala pri prisilni namestitvi v psihiatrično ustanovo (prisilni hospitalizaciji)
On account of their vulnerability, the mentally ill and mentally handicapped warrant much attention in order to prevent any form of conduct - or avoid any omission - contrary to their well-being.
Duševno bolni in duševno prizadeti potrebujejo zaradi svoje ranljivosti veliko pozornosti, katere namen je preprečiti morebitne storitve ali opustitve, ki bi bile v nasprotju z dobrobitjo pacienta.
It follows that involuntary placement in a psychiatric establishment should always be surrounded by appropriate safeguards.
Zato morajo prisilno namestitev v psihiatrične ustanove (prisilno hospitalizacijo) vedno spremljati določena varovala in jamstva za pacienta.
One of the most important of those safeguards - free and informed consent to treatment - has already been highlighted (cf. paragraph 41).
Eno od najpomembnejših varoval - svobodna privolitev v zdravljenje in seznanitev z vsemi relevantnimi informacijami o njem - smo že izpostavili (glej odstavek 41).
the initial placement decision
prva odločitev o prisilni hospitalizaciji
The procedure by which involuntary placement is decided should offer guarantees of independence and impartiality as well as of objective medical expertise.
Postopek, v katerem se odloča o prisilni hospitalizaciji, bi moral pacientu nuditi jamstvo neodvisnosti in nepristranskosti ter objektivnega medicinskega mnenja.
As regards, more particularly, involuntary placement of a civil nature, in many countries the decision regarding placement must be taken by a judicial authority (or confirmed by such an authority within a short time-limit), in the light of psychiatric opinions.
Glede prisilne hospitalizacije civilne narave mora odločitev o prisilni hospitalizaciji sprejeti sodna oblast ob upoštevanju mnenj psihiatrične stroke (ali pa mora biti taka odločitev v kratkem roku naknadno potrjenja s strani sodišča).
However, the automatic involvement of a judicial authority in the initial decision on placement is not foreseen in all countries.
Kljub temu CPT ugotavlja, da stalna vključenost sodne oblasti v začetno odločitev o prisilni hospitalizaciji, ni predvidena v vseh državah.
Committee of Ministers Recommendation N° R (83) 2 on the legal protection of persons suffering from mental disorder placed as involuntary patients allows for both approaches (albeit setting out special safeguards in the event of the placement decision being entrusted to a non-judicial authority).
Priporočilo odbora ministrov NR (83) 2 o pravni zaščiti oseb, ki trpijo za duševnimi motnjami in so prisilno hospitalizirani, dovoljuje oba pristopa (pri tem pa navaja posebna jamstva za primer, da odločitev o hospitalizaciji sprejema ne-sodni organ).
The Parliamentary Assembly has nevertheless reopened the debate on this subject via its Recommendation 1235 (1994) on psychiatry and human rights, calling for decisions regarding involuntary placement to be taken by a judge.
Parlamentarna skupščina je kljub temu s Priporočilom 1235 (1994) o psihiatriji in človekovih pravicah, v katerem zahteva, da odločitev o prislini hospitalizaciji sprejema sodnik, ponovno odprla razpravo o tem vprašanju.
In any event, a person who is involuntarily placed in a psychiatric establishment by a non-judicial authority must have the right to bring proceedings by which the lawfulness of his detention shall be decided speedily by a court.
V vsakem primeru mora biti osebi, ki je prisilno hospitalizirana v psihiatrični ustanovi omogočena vsaj pravica, da sproži postopek, v katerem bo sodišče čim hitreje odločilo o zakonitosti njene prisilne hospitalizacije.
safeguards during placement
jamstva med prisilno hospitalizacijo
An introductory brochure setting out the establishment&apos;s routine and patients&apos; rights should be issued to each patient on admission, as well as to their families.
Vsakemu pacientu kot tudi njegovi družini bi morala biti ob sprejemu v ustanovo izročena predstavitvena brošura, v kateri bi bil opisan red, ki velja v ustanovi, in pacientove pravice.
Any patients unable to understand this brochure should receive appropriate assistance.
Pacienti, ki niso sposobni razumeti brošure, bi morali prejeti potrebno pomoč.
Further, as in any place of deprivation of liberty, an effective complaints procedure is a basic safeguard against ill-treatment in psychiatric establishments.
Tako kot v drugih primerih odvzema prostosti, predstavlja tudi v psihiatričnih ustanovah temeljno jamstvo zoper slabo ravnanje učinkovit pritožbeni postopek.
Specific arrangements should exist enabling patients to lodge formal complaints with a clearly-designated body, and to communicate on a confidential basis with an appropriate authority outside the establishment.
Obstajati bi moral poseben postopek, ki bi omogočal pacientom vložitev uradnih pritožb na vnaprej določen organ; prav tako bi moralo biti pacientu omogočeno zaupno komuniciranje z ustreznimi organi in organizacijami zunaj ustanove.
The maintenance of contact with the outside world is essential, not only for the prevention of ill-treatment but also from a therapeutic standpoint.
Vzdrževanje stikov z zunanjim svetom je nujno, ne zgolj zaradi preprečevanja slabega ravnanja, ampak tudi s terapevtskega vidika.
Patients should be able to send and receive correspondence, to have access to the telephone, and to receive visits from their family and friends.
Pacientom bi moralo biti omogočeno, da pošiljajo in prejemajo korespondenco, da imajo dostop do telefona in da sprejemajo obiske svoje družine in prijateljev.
Confidential access to a lawyer should also be guaranteed.
Prav tako bi jim moral biti zagotovljen zaupen dostop do odvetnika.
The CPT also attaches considerable importance to psychiatric establishments being visited on a regular basis by an independent outside body (eg. a judge or supervisory committee) which is responsible for the inspection of patients&apos; care.
CPT ugotavlja, da je prav tako zelo pomembno, da psihiatrične ustanove redno obiskuje neodvisno zunanje telo (npr. sodnik ali nadzorni odbor), ki je odgovorno za izvajanje nadzora nad ravnanjem s pacienti in njihovo nego.
This body should be authorised, in particular, to talk privately with patients, receive directly any complaints which they might have and make any necessary recommendations.
Tovrstno telo bi moralo biti pooblaščeno, da se s pacienti zaupno pogovarja, da neposredno sprejema morebitne pritožbe, ki bi jih pacienti lahko imeli in da daje potrebna priporočila.
discharge
odpust
Involuntary placement in a psychiatric establishment should cease as soon as it is no longer required by the patient&apos;s mental state.
Prisilna hospitalizacija mora prenehati takoj, ko z vidika pacientovega duševnega stanja ni več potrebna.
Consequently, the need for such a placement should be reviewed at regular intervals.
Zato bi bilo potrebno redno preverjati obstoj razlogov za prisilno hospitalizacijo.
When involuntary placement is for a specified period, renewable in the light of psychiatric evidence, such a review will flow from the very terms of the placement.
Če je prisilna hospitalizacija odrejena za določeno obdobje in obnovljiva glede na psihiatrične ugotovitve, bo ponovno preverjanje pogojev zanjo sledilo že iz samih razlogov za njeno odreditev.
However, involuntary placement might be for an unspecified period, especially in the case of persons who have been compulsorily admitted to a psychiatric establishment pursuant to criminal proceedings and who are considered to be dangerous.
Prisilna hospitalizacija je lahko odrejena za nedoločen čas, in sicer v primerih, ko so osebe premeščene v psihiatrično ustanovo po kazenskem postopku in se štejejo za nevarne.
If the period of involuntary placement is unspecified, there should be an automatic review at regular intervals of the need to continue the placement.
Če je obdobje prisilne hospitalizacije nedoločeno, bi moralo obstajati sistematično in redno preverjanje potrebe po njenem nadaljevanju.
In addition, the patient himself should be able to request at reasonable intervals that the necessity for placement be considered by a judicial authority.
Pacient sam bi moral imeti možnost, da v razumnih intervalih zahteva, da potrebo po prisilni hospitalizaciji preveri sodna oblast.
Although no longer requiring involuntary placement, a patient may nevertheless still need treatment and/or a protected environment in the outside community.
Čeprav morda prisilna hospitalizacija ni več potrebna, lahko pacient še vedno potrebuje zdravljenje in/ali varno okolje v širši skupnosti.
In this connection, the CPT has found, in a number of countries, that patients whose mental state no longer required them to be detained in a psychiatric establishment nevertheless remained in such establishments, due to a lack of adequate care/accommodation in the outside community.
V povezavi s tem je CPT ugotovil, da v velikem številu držav pacienti, pri katerih zdravstveno stanje ne zahteva več prisilne hospitalizacije, kljub temu ostajajo v tovrstnih ustanovah zaradi pomanjkanja primerne nege/namestitve v širši skupnosti.
For persons to remain deprived of their liberty as a result of the absence of appropriate external facilities is a highly questionable state of affairs.
Ureditev, po kateri je osebam odvzeta prostost zaradi pomanjkanja primernih zunanjih kapacitet, je izredno vprašljiva.
The organisational structure of health-care services for persons with psychiatric disorders varies from country to country, and is certainly a matter for each State to determine.
Organizacijska struktura zdravstvenih služb za ljudi z duševnimi motnjami se razlikuje od države do države. Vsekakor je v pristojnosti vsake posamezne države, kako se loteva tega problema.
Nevertheless, the CPT wishes to draw attention to the tendency in a number of countries to reduce the number of beds in large psychiatric establishments and to develop community-based mental health units.
Kljub temu pa želi CPT opozoriti na prizadevanja številnih držav, da bi zmanjšale število postelj v velikih psihiatričnih ustanovah in namesto tega razvile manjše psihiatrične enote odprtega tipa.
The Committee considers this is a very favourable development, on condition that such units provide a satisfactory quality of care.
Odbor tak razvoj pozdravlja in meni, da je pravilen, pod pogojem, da tovrstne enote zagotavljajo zdravstveno nego zadovoljive kakovosti.
It is now widely accepted that large psychiatric establishments pose a significant risk of institutionalisation for both patients and staff, the more so if they are situated in isolated locations.
Dejstvo, da velike psihiatrične ustanove predstavljajo precejšnje tveganje za nastanek sindroma »institucionalizacije« tako za paciente kot tudi za osebje, še posebej, če so postavljene na izoliranih lokacijah, je sedaj splošno sprejeto.
This can have a detrimental effect on patient treatment.
Posledica je lahko tudi negativen učinek na pacientovo zdravljenje.