natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The &quot;substantive&quot; sections drawn up to date - which deal with police custody, imprisonment, training of law enforcement personnel, health care services in prisons, foreign nationals detained under aliens legislation, involuntary placement in psychiatric establishments and juveniles deprived of their liberty - have been brought together in this document.
V tem dokumentu so združena »vsebinska« poglavja splošnih poročil, ki jih je Odbor do danes oblikoval. Ta poglavja se ukvarjajo s policijskim pridržanjem, priporom, zaporom, usposabljanjem organov odkrivanja in pregona, zdravstveno oskrbo v zaporih, tujci, ki jim je prostost odvzeta v skladu z zakonodajo o tujcih, prisilno hospitalizacijo v psihiatričnih ustanovah in s specifičnimi vprašanji mladoletnikov in žensk, ki jim je odvzeta prostost.
Future General Reports will contain further substantive sections, covering such matters as the treatment of women deprived of their liberty and military detention facilities.
Bodoča splošna poročila bodo vsebovala dodatna poglavja, na temo ravnanja z ženskami, ki jim je odvzeta prostost in vojaških zaporov.
The CPT also intends in due course to update the police custody and imprisonment sections (drawn up in the main in 1992), in order to fully reflect the standards developed by the Committee in these areas during the last ten years.
CPT namerava tudi v kratkem pregledati in dopolniti poglavja, ki se nanašajo na policijsko prijetje in pridržanje in zapor (ki so bila večinoma napisana l. 1992), tako da bodo celovito odsevala norme, ki jih je Odbor v zadnjih desetih letih razvil na tem področju.
I. Police custody
I. Policijsko prijetje in pridržanje
Extract from the 2nd General Report [CPT/Inf (92) 3]
Izvleček iz drugega splošnega poročila [CPT/Inf (92) 3]
The CPT attaches particular importance to three rights for persons detained by the police
CPT poseben pomen posveča trem pravicam, ki morajo biti zagotovljene osebam, ki jim prostost odvzame policija
the right of the person concerned to have the fact of his detention notified to a third party of his choice (family member, friend, consulate), the right of access to a lawyer, and the right to request a medical examination by a doctor of his choice (in addition to any medical examination carried out by a doctor called by the police authorities). They are, in the CPT&apos;s opinion, three fundamental safeguards against the ill-treatment of detained persons which should apply as from the very outset of deprivation of liberty, regardless of how it may be described under the legal system concerned (apprehension, arrest, etc).
pravica osebe, da o njenem prijetju obvestijo tretjo osebo po njeni izbiri (npr. družinskega člana, prijatelja, konzulat ipd.); pravica do dostopa odvetnika; pravica osebe, da zahteva zdravstveni pregled, ki ga opravi zdravnik po njeni izbiri (poleg morebitnega zdravstvenega pregleda, ki ga opravi zdravnik po izbiri policije). Te pravice predstavljajo, po mnenju CPT-ja, tri temeljna jamstva proti slabem ravnanju s pridržanimi osebami. Njihovo uveljavljanje mora biti pridržanim osebam omogočeno od samega začetka odvzema prostosti, ne glede na to, kako je ta trenutek določen v posameznem pravnem redu (prijetje, aretacija ipd.).
Persons taken into police custody should be expressly informed without delay of all their rights, including those referred to in paragraph 36. Further, any possibilities offered to the authorities to delay the exercise of one or other of the latter rights in order to protect the interests of justice should be clearly defined and their application strictly limited in time.
Osebe, ki jim policija odvzame prostost bi morale biti takoj in brez odlašanja obveščene o vseh njihovih pravicah, vključno s pravicami navedenimi v 36. odstavku. Vsaka možnost, da uradni organi zaradi interesa postopka za določen čas odložijo izvajanje ene od zgoraj omenjenih pravic, mora biti vnaprej določno opredeljena in strogo časovno omejena.
As regards more particularly the rights of access to a lawyer and to request a medical examination by a doctor other than one called by the police, systems whereby, exceptionally, lawyers and doctors can be chosen from pre-established lists drawn up in agreement with the relevant professional organisations should remove any need to delay the exercise of these rights.
Zavlačevanje pri uveljavljanju pravice do dostopa do odvetnika in do zdravstvenega pregleda s strani osebno izbranega zdravnika, je še posebej nepotrebno v ureditvah, ki poznajo sezname odvetnikov in zdravnikov, sestavljenih s sodelovanjem ustreznih strokovnih organizacij.
Access to a lawyer for persons in police custody should include the right to contact and to be visited by the lawyer (in both cases under conditions guaranteeing the confidentiality of their discussions) as well as, in principle, the right for the person concerned to have the lawyer present during interrogation.
Pravica pridržane osebe do odvetnika bi morala vključevati pravico, da stopi v stik z odvetnikom in da jo odvetnik obišče (v obeh primerih pod pogoji, ki omogočajo zaupnost njunega pogovora), praviloma pa tudi pravico, da je odvetnik prisoten med njenim zaslišanjem.
As regards the medical examination of persons in police custody, all such examinations should be conducted out of the hearing, and preferably out of the sight, of police officers.
Vsi zdravstveni pregledi pridržanih oseb bi se morali izvajati izven slušnega, zaželeno pa je, da tudi izven vidnega polja policistov.
Further, the results of every examination as well as relevant statements by the detainee and the doctor&apos;s conclusions should be formally recorded by the doctor and made available to the detainee and his lawyer.
Zdravnik bi moral uradno zabeležiti tako rezultate pregleda in njegove ugotovitve kot vse relevantne izjave pridržane osebe. Tovrsten zapis bi moral biti na razpolago pridržani osebi in njenemu odvetniku.
Turning to the interrogation process, the CPT considers that clear rules or guidelines should exist on the way in which police interviews are to be conducted.
Glede zasliševanja CPT meni, da bi morala obstajati jasna pravila in navodila, ki bi urejala policijski postopek opravljanja razgovorov.
They should address inter alia the following matters
Ta bi morala, med drugim, urejati naslednja vprašanja
the informing of the detainee of the identity (name and/or number) of those present at the interview; the permissible length of an interview; rest periods between interviews and breaks during an interview; places in which interviews may take place; whether the detainee may be required to stand while being questioned; the interviewing of persons who are under the influence of drugs, alcohol, etc.
obveščanje pridržane osebe o identiteti (ime in/ali številka) oseb, prisotnih na razgovoru; dovoljen čas trajanja razgovora; čas za počitek med razgovorom in prekinitve razgovora; prostori, kjer se razgovori sploh lahko opravljajo; ali lahko policija od pridržane osebe zahteva, da ta med zaslišanjem stoji; zasliševanje oseb, ki so pod vplivom alkohola, drog itd..
It should also be required that a record be systematically kept of the time at which interviews start and end, of any request made by a detainee during an interview, and of the persons present during each interview.
Prav tako bi moralo biti obvezno vodenje natančne in sistematične evidence o času začetka in konca razgovora, o vsaki morebitni zahtevi pridržane osebe med razgovorom in o osebah prisotnih med razgovorom.
The CPT would add that the electronic recording of police interviews is another useful safeguard against the ill-treatment of detainees (as well as having significant advantages for the police).
CPT bi na tem mestu tudi dodal, da je elektronsko snemanje policijskih razgovorov dodatno in koristno jamstvo proti slabemu ravnanju s pridržanimi osebami (tovrstno snemanje ima tudi pomembne prednosti za policijo samo).
The CPT considers that the fundamental safeguards granted to persons in police custody would be reinforced (and the work of police officers quite possibly facilitated) if a single and comprehensive custody record were to exist for each person detained, on which would be recorded all aspects of his custody and action taken regarding them (when deprived of liberty and reasons for that measure; when told of rights; signs of injury, mental illness, etc; when next of kin/consulate and lawyer contacted and when visited by them; when offered food; when interrogated; when transferred or released, etc.).
CPT ugotavlja, da bi obstoj enotne in celovite evidence o pridržanju za vsako pridržano osebo posebej, pomembno okrepil temeljna jamstva, ki gredo osebam v policijskem pridržanju. Taka evidenca bi morala vsebovati vse vidike pridržanja za določeno osebo in vsa dejanja izvedena v zvezi z, ali med pridržanjem (kdaj je bila osebi odvzeta prostost in razlogi za ta ukrep; kdaj je bila seznanjena s svojimi pravicami; morebitni znaki poškodb, duševne bolezni ipd.; kdaj je osebo kontaktiral najbližji sorodnik, konzulat ali odvetnik in kdaj jo je katera od teh oseb obiskala; kdaj ji je bila ponujena hrana, kdaj je bila zaslišana; kdaj je bila premeščena ali izpuščena, itd.).
For various matters (for example, items in the person&apos;s possession, the fact of being told of one&apos;s rights and of invoking or waiving them), the signature of the detainee should be obtained and, if necessary, the absence of a signature explained.
Pri določenih točkah (na primer predmeti, ki jih je imela oseba v svoji posesti ob prijetju; dejstvo, da je bila obveščena o svojih pravicah ter morebitno uveljavljanje ali odrekanje tem pravicam) bi bilo potrebno zahtevati podpis pridržane osebe. V primeru, da podpisa ni, pa bi moralo biti to dejstvo v zaznamku pojasnjeno.
Further, the detainee&apos;s lawyer should have access to such a custody record.
Odvetnik pridržane osebe bi moral imeti pravico do vpogleda v tovrstno evidenco.
Further, the existence of an independent mechanism for examining complaints about treatment whilst in police custody is an essential safeguard.
Nadalje, obstoj neodvisnega mehanizma za sprejemanje in reševanje pritožb, ki jih podajo pridržane osebe predstavlja eno ključnih jamstev za preprečevanje slabega ravnanja z osebami, ki jim je policija odvzela prostost.
Custody by the police is in principle of relatively short duration.
Trajanje policijskega pridržanja je načeloma relativno kratko.
Consequently, physical conditions of detention cannot be expected to be as good in police establishments as in other places of detention where persons may be held for lengthy periods.
Zato ni mogoče pričakovati, da bodo materialni pogoji pridržanja v policijskih prostorih na enaki ravni kot v drugih prostorih, kjer so osebe priprte/zaprte dalj časa.
However, certain elementary material requirements should be met.
Ne glede na to, pa morajo tudi policijski prostori za pridržanje zadostiti nekaterim osnovnim materialnim zahtevam.
All police cells should be of a reasonable size for the number of persons they are used to accommodate, and have adequate lighting (i.e. sufficient to read by, sleeping periods excluded) and ventilation; preferably, cells should enjoy natural light.
Vse policijske celice morajo po velikosti ustrezati številu oseb, ki se v njih nahaja; imeti morajo primerno razsvetljavo (dovolj močno, da se lahko ob njej bere - razen v času spanja) in prezračevanje; zaželeno je, da imajo celice naravno svetlobo.
Further, cells should be equipped with a means of rest (eg. a fixed chair or bench), and persons obliged to stay overnight in custody should be provided with a clean mattress and blankets.
Nadalje bi morale biti celice opremljene s pohištvom za počitek (npr. pritrjeni stoli ali klopi), osebe, ki ostanejo v pridržanju čez noč, pa morajo imeti na voljo čiste žimnice in odeje.
Persons in custody should be allowed to comply with the needs of nature when necessary in clean and decent conditions, and be offered adequate washing facilities.
Pridržanim osebam mora biti omogočeno opravljanje bioloških potreb v čistih in spodobnih pogojih, prav tako morajo imeti dostop do primernih sredstev za umivanje.
They should be given food at appropriate times, including at least one full meal (i.e. something more substantial than a sandwich) every day.
Obroki hrane bi jim morali biti na voljo ob primernih urah, vključevati pa bi morali vsaj en poln obrok (npr. nekaj bolj hranilnega kot sendvič) dnevno.
The issue of what is a reasonable size for a police cell (or any other type of detainee/prisoner accommodation) is a difficult question.
Odgovor na vprašanje, kakšna je primerna velikost policijske celice (ali drugega prostora za nastanitev pridržanega ali zapornika) ni preprost.
Many factors have to be taken into account when making such an assessment.
Pri dajanju tovrstne ocene je potrebno upoštevati vrsto dejavnikov.
However, CPT delegations felt the need for a rough guideline in this area.
Ne glede na to, so delegacije CPT-ja menile, da je potrebno oblikovati vsaj grobe smernice glede tega vprašanja.
The following criterion (seen as a desirable level rather than a minimum standard) is currently being used when assessing police cells intended for single occupancy for stays in excess of a few hours
Pri ocenjevanju policijskih celic, namenjenih eni osebi za bivanje v trajanju več kot nekaj ur, se trenutno uporabljajo sledeči kriteriji (ki predstavljajo zaželen in ne minimalen standard)
in the order of 7 square metres, 2 metres or more between walls, 2.5 metres between floor and ceiling.
površina 7 m2; 2 m razdalje med stenami; višina med tlemi in stropom 2,5 m.
The CPT welcomes the support for its work expressed in Parliamentary Assembly Recommendation 1257 (1995), on conditions of detention in Council of Europe member States.
CPT pozdravlja izjavo podpore svojemu delu, ki je bila zapisana v Priporočilu Parlamentarne Skupščine št. 1257 (1995) o pogojih pridržanja v državah Sveta Evrope.
It was also most pleased to learn from the reply to Recommendation 1257 that the Committee of Ministers has invited the authorities of member States to comply with the guidelines on police custody as laid down in the 2nd General Report of the CPT (cf. CPT/Inf (92) 3, paragraphs 36 to 43).
Prav tako je iz odgovora Sveta Ministrov na Priporočilo 1257 z zadovoljstvom ugotovil, da je Svet Ministrov priporočil državam članicam, da se držijo priporočil glede policijskega pridržanja, kot so zapisana v drugem splošnem poročilu CPT-ja (glej CPT/Inf (92) 2, odstavki 36 - 43).
In this connection, it should be noted that some Parties to the Convention are reluctant to implement fully certain of the CPT&apos;s recommendations concerning safeguards against ill-treatment for persons in police custody, and in particular the recommendation that such persons be accorded a right of access to a lawyer as from the very outset of their custody.
V povezavi s tem bi CPT rad opozoril, da imajo nekatere države podpisnice Konvencije pomisleke glede uresničevanja določenih priporočil CPT-ja v zvezi z jamstvi zoper slabo ravnanje z osebami, ki jim je policija odvzela prostost. To še posebej velja za priporočilo, da mora biti taki osebi že od vsega začetka omogočena pravica do dostopa do odvetnika.
The CPT wishes to stress that, in its experience, the period immediately following deprivation of liberty is when the risk of intimidation and physical ill-treatment is greatest.
CPT poudarja, da je v času takoj po odvzemu prostosti tveganje, da bo prijeta oseba izpostavljena psihičnemu in fizičnemu nasilju in slabemu ravnanju, največje.
Consequently, the possibility for persons taken into police custody to have access to a lawyer during that period is a fundamental safeguard against ill-treatment.
Zato predstavlja pravica, po kateri imajo prijete osebe že v tej prvi fazi dostop do odvetnika, temeljno jamstvo proti slabemu ravnanju.
The existence of that possibility will have a dissuasive effect upon those minded to ill treat detained persons; further, a lawyer is well placed to take appropriate action if ill-treatment actually occurs.
Obstoj tovrstne pravice bo odvrnil tiste, ki bi nameravali s pridržano osebo slabo ravnati, poleg tega pa lahko odvetnik primerno ukrepa, če je do slabega ravnanja že prišlo.
The CPT recognises that in order to protect the interests of justice, it may exceptionally be necessary to delay for a certain period a detained person&apos;s access to a particular lawyer chosen by him.
CPT priznava, da je zaradi zaščite interesa postopka, v določenih primerih pridržani osebi izjemoma potrebno za določen čas omejiti dostop do določenega izbranega odvetnika.
However, this should not result in the right of access to a lawyer being totally denied during the period in question.
Vendar to ne bi smelo privesti do popolnega zanikanja pravice do odvetnika v tem obdobju.
In such cases, access to another independent lawyer who can be trusted not to jeopardise the legitimate interests of the police investigation should be arranged.
V takih primerih bi moral biti pridržani osebi omogočen dostop do drugega neodvisnega odvetnika, ki mu je mogoče zaupati, da ne bo ogrozil legitimnih interesov policijske preiskave.
The CPT also emphasised in the 2nd General Report the importance of persons taken into police custody being expressly informed without delay of all their rights.
CPT je tudi v svojem drugem splošnem poročilu poudaril pomen dejstva, da so prijete osebe razumljivo in brez odlašanja obveščene o svojih pravicah.
In order to ensure that this is done, the CPT considers that a form setting out those rights in a straightforward manner should be systematically given to persons detained by the police at the very outset of their custody.
Da bi temu dejansko bilo tako, CPT meni, da bi morali vsem pridržanim osebam na samem začetku njihovega pridržanja vročiti obrazec, na katerem naj bi bile naneposreden in razumljiv način napisane njihove pravice.
Further, the persons concerned should be asked to sign a statement attesting that they have been informed of their rights.
Nadalje bi morala policija osebe, katerim je vročila tak obrazec, prositi, naj podpišejo izjavo o tem, da so bile seznanjene s svojimi pravicami.
The above-mentioned measures would be easy to implement, inexpensive and effective.
Zgoraj navedeni ukrepi so preprosti za uporabo v praksi, poceni in učinkoviti.
Imprisonment
Zapor (pripor)
In introduction, it should be emphasised that the CPT must examine many questions when visiting a prison.
V uvodu je potrebno poudariti, da mora CPT ob obisku zapora preučiti vrsto vprašanj.
Of course, it pays special attention to any allegations of ill-treatment of prisoners by staff.
Posebno pozornost posveča morebitnim obtožbam zapornikov o tem, da osebje slabo ravna z njimi.
However, all aspects of the conditions of detention in a prison are of relevance to the CPT&apos;s mandate.
Vendar pa so za poslanstvo CPT-ja pomembni vsi vidiki pogojev bivanja v zaporu.
Ill-treatment can take numerous forms, many of which may not be deliberate but rather the result of organisational failings or inadequate resources.
Slabo ravnanje ima lahko neštete oblike, večina teh ni načrtnih temveč so bolj posledica organizacijskih spodrsljajev in nezadostnih sredstev.
The overall quality of life in an establishment is therefore of considerable importance to the CPT.
Zato je za CPT velikega pomena splošna kakovost življenja v ustanovi.
That quality of life will depend to a very large extent upon the activities offered to prisoners and the general state of relations between prisoners and staff.
Ta je v veliki meri odvisna od aktivnosti, ki so na voljo zapornikom in splošnega stanja odnosov med zaporniki in osebjem, zaposlenim v zaporu.
The CPT observes carefully the prevailing climate within an establishment.
CPT med svojim obiskom pazljivo opazuje prevladujoče vzdušje v določeni ustanovi.
The promotion of constructive as opposed to confrontational relations between prisoners and staff will serve to lower the tension inherent in any prison environment and by the same token significantly reduce the likelihood of violent incidents and associated ill-treatment.
Uveljavljanje konstruktivnih - ne pa napetih in nasprotujočih si odnosov - med zaporniki in osebjem zmanjšuje napetosti, ki se porajajo v vsakem zaporniškem okolju in obenem pozitivno vpliva na zmanjšanje možnosti nasilnih incidentov in s tem povezanega slabega ravnanja.
In short, the CPT wishes to see a spirit of communication and care accompany measures of control and containment.
CPT skratka želi, da bi se nadzor zapornikov in omejevanje njihovega gibanja izvajal v pozitivnem duhu komunikacije med zaporniki in osebjem.
Such an approach, far from undermining security in the establishment, might well enhance it.
Takšen pristop v ničemer ne zmanjšuje varnostnih zahtev v ustanovi, ampak jih lahko celo utrjuje.
Overcrowding is an issue of direct relevance to the CPT&apos;s mandate.
Prenatrpanost zaporov je tema, ki je neposredno povezana s poslanstvom CPT-ja.
All the services and activities within a prison will be adversely affected if it is required to cater for more prisoners than it was designed to accommodate; the overall quality of life in the establishment will be lowered, perhaps significantly.
Dejstvo, da je v določenem zaporu nastanjenih več zapornikov kot je bilo predvideno v njegovi zasnovi, negativno vpliva na vse storitve in aktivnosti v tem zaporu; splošna kakovost življenja v ustanovi se poslabša, v določenih primerih celo bistveno.
Moreover, the level of overcrowding in a prison, or in a particular part of it, might be such as to be in itself inhuman or degrading from a physical standpoint.
Že sam obstoj določene stopnje prenatrpanosti zapora ali njegovega določenega dela je lahko z vidika materialnih bivalnih pogojev sam po sebi nehuman in ponižujoč.
A satisfactory programme of activities (work, education, sport, etc.) is of crucial importance for the well-being of prisoners.
Zadosten program aktivnosti (delo, izobraževanje, šport ipd.) je ključnega pomena za dobrobit zapornikov.
This holds true for all establishments, whether for sentenced prisoners or those awaiting trial.
To velja tako za zapore kot za pripore.
The CPT has observed that activities in many remand prisons are extremely limited.
CPT je opazil, da je seznam aktivnosti v številnih objektih, namenjenih pripornikom zelo omejen.
The organisation of regime activities in such establishments - which have a fairly rapid turnover of inmates - is not a straightforward matter.
Organizacija omenjenih aktivnosti v ustanovah, kjer se priporniki dokaj hitro izmenjavajo, seveda ni preprosta.
Clearly, there can be no question of individualised treatment programmes of the sort which might be aspired to in an establishment for sentenced prisoners.
Jasno je torej, da. individualni programi zdravljenja, podobni tistim v zaporih, niso mogoči.
However, prisoners cannot simply be left to languish for weeks, possibly months, locked up in their cells, and this regardless of how good material conditions might be within the cells.
Ne glede na morebitne dobre materialne pogoje v celicah, priporniki ne smejo biti prepuščeni životarjenju v celicah tedne, kaj šele mesece.
The CPT considers that one should aim at ensuring that prisoners in remand establishments are able to spend a reasonable part of the day (8 hours or more) outside their cells, engaged in purposeful activity of a varied nature.
CPT meni, da bi morali stremeti k temu, da bi pripornikom omogočili, da določen del dneva (8 ur ali več) preživijo izven svojih celic, zaposleni z različnimi aktivnostmi, ki pa morajo služiti nekemu namenu.
Of course, regimes in establishments for sentenced prisoners should be even more favourable.
Še bolj ugodna naj bo tovrstna ureditev glede že obsojenih zapornikov.
Specific mention should be made of outdoor exercise.
Posebej je potrebno omeniti zunanje aktivnosti.
The requirement that prisoners be allowed at least one hour of exercise in the open air every day is widely accepted as a basic safeguard (preferably it should form part of a broader programme of activities).
Zahteva, po kateri morajo imeti zaporniki pravico do najmanj ene ure aktivnosti na odprtem zraku dnevno, je splošno sprejeta kot eno temeljnih jamstev (zaželeno je, da tvori del širšega programa aktivnosti v zaporih).