natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Failing such nomination or such appointment by common accord within four months from the date on which the arbitration was requested, the necessary nomination or appointment shall be entrusted to the Secretary General of the Permanent Court of Arbitration.
Če po preteku štirih mesecev od dneva, ko je bila arbitraža zahtevana, ni prišlo do imenovanja razsodnikov ali sporazumnega imenovanja predsedujočega razsodnika, je potrebno imenovanje zaupano generalnemu sekretarju Stalnega arbitražnega sodišča.
Unless the Parties agree otherwise, the tribunal shall determine its own procedure.
Če se pogodbenici ne dogovorita drugače, razsodišče določi svoj postopek.
Unless otherwise agreed between the Parties, the tribunal shall decide on the basis of the applicable rules of international law or, in the absence of such rules, ex aequo et bono.
Če se pogodbenici ne dogovorita drugače, razsodišče odloča na podlagi ustreznih pravil mednarodnega prava, če pa teh ni, po načelu ex aequo et bono.
The tribunal shall reach its decision by a majority of votes.
Razsodišče odloči z večino glasov.
Its decision shall be final and binding.
Njegova odločitev je dokončna in zavezujoča.
ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT
ORGANIZACIJA ZA GOSPODARSKO SODELOVANJE IN RAZVOJ
In several OECD countries, State-Owned Enterprises (SOE) still represent a substantial part of GDP, employment and market capitalisation.
V mnogih državah članicah OECD predstavljajo družbe v državni lasti še vedno velik del BDP, zaposlovanja in tržne kapitalizacije.
Moreover, State-Owned Enterprises are often prevalent in utilities and infrastructure industries, such as energy, transport and telecommunication, whose performance is of great importance to broad segments of the population and to other parts of the business sector.
Razen tega družbe v državni lasti običajno prevladujejo v sektorjih javnih služb in infrastrukture, kot so energetika, transport in telekomunikacije, ki so zelo pomembni za široko populacijo in za druge poslovne sektorje.
Consequently, the governance of SOEs will be critical to ensure their positive contribution to a country&apos;s overall economic efficiency and competitiveness.
Zaradi tega je upravljanje družb v državni lasti ključno za zagotavljanje pozitivnega prispevka k učinkovitosti in konkurenčnosti celotnega nacionalnega gospodarstva.
OECD experience has also shown that good corporate governance of State-Owned Enterprises is an important prerequisite for economically effective privatisation, since it will make the enterprises more attractive to prospective buyers and enhance their valuation.
Izkušnje OECD tudi kažejo, da je dobro korporativno upravljanje družb v državni lasti prvi pogoj za ekonomsko učinkovito privatizacijo, saj so zaradi tega privlačnejše za potencialne kupce in imajo tudi višjo vrednost.
A number of non-OECD countries also have a significant state-owned sector, which in some cases is even a dominant feature of the economy.
Številne države nečlanice imajo tudi precej velik sektor družb v državni lasti, ki je v nekaterih gospodarstvih celo prevladujoč.
These countries are in many cases reforming the way in which they organise and manage their state-owned enterprises and have sought to share their experiences with OECD countries in order to support reforms at national level.
Te države v mnogih primerih reformirajo način organizacije in upravljanja svojih družb v državni lasti in se po izkušnje zatekajo k državam članicam OECD.
It is against this background that the OECD Steering Group on Corporate Governance in June 2002 asked the Working Group on Privatisation and Corporate Governance of State-Owned Assets to develop a set of non-binding guidelines and best practices on corporate governance of state-owned enterprises.
To je bil tudi razlog, da je koordinacijska skupina OECD za korporativno upravljanje junija 2002 predlagala delovni skupini za privatizacijo in korporativno upravljanje premoženja v državni lasti, da bi razvila nabor nezavezujočih smernic in najboljših praks korporativnega upravljanja družb v državni lasti.
The Working Group, which comprises representatives from OECD member countries and the World Bank and IMF as observers, has undertaken comprehensive consultations during the development of these Guidelines.
Delovna skupina iz predstavnikov držav članic OECD ter predstavnikov Svetovne banke in IMF kot opazovalcev je organizirala obsežne posvete za razvoj teh Smernic.
It has consulted with a wide range of interested parties, such as board members and CEOs of state-owned enterprises, state audit bodies, unions and Parliamentarians, and has conducted extensive consultations with nonmember countries.
Posvetovala se je s širokim krogom zainteresiranih strani, kot so člani odborov in glavni izvršni direktorji družb v državni lasti, državni revizijski organi, sindikati, poslanci. Obsežna posvetovanja je organizirala tudi z državami nečlanicami OECD.
A draft version of the Guidelines was posted on the OECD website for public comment and resulted in a significant number of useful and constructive comments, which have also been posted on the site.
Osnutek Smernic je bil objavljen na spletni strani OECD za javno zbiranje pripomb. Sprožil je celo vrsto koristnih in konstruktivnih mnenj, ki so bila prav tako objavljena na spletni strani.
These Guidelines should be viewed as a complement to the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance1 on which they are based and with which they are fully compatible.
Te Smernice je treba razumeti kot dopolnilo k Načelom korporativnega upravljanja OECD, na katerih so osnovana in so z njimi v popolnem soglasju.
The Guidelines are explicitly oriented to issues that are specific to corporate governance of State-Owned Enterprises and consequently take the perspective of the state as an owner, focusing on policies that would ensure good corporate governance.
Smernice se izrecno osredotočajo na zadeve, ki so specifične za korporativno upravljanje družb v državni lasti in so z vidika države kot lastnice posledično usmerjene na politike, ki bi zagotavljanje dobro korporativno upravljanje.
Nonetheless the Guidelines are not intended to, nor in their effect should they, contradict or discourage OECD countries or non-OECD countries from undertaking any privatisation policies or programmes.
Smernice nimajo niti namena niti vpliva nasprotovati ali odvračati države članice ali nečlanice OECD od sprejemanja kakršnih koli privatizacijskih politik ali programov.
Over the years, the rationale for state ownership of commercial enterprises has varied among countries and industries and has typically comprised a mix of social, economic and strategic interests.
Razlogi za državno lastništvo gospodarskih družb se med državami in industrijskimi sektorji že leta razlikujejo in so običajno splet socialnih, ekonomskih in strateških interesov.
Examples include industrial policy, regional development, the supply of public goods and the existence of so called “natural” monopolies.
Zajemajo industrijsko politiko, regionalen razvoj, zagotavljanje javnih dobrin in prisotnost tako imenovanih »naravnih« monopolov.
Over the last few decades however, globalisation of markets, technological changes and deregulation of previously monopolistic markets have called for readjustment and restructuring of the state-owned sector.
V zadnjih nekaj desetletjih pa globalizacija trgov, tehnološke spremembe in deregulacija prvotno monopolnih trgov zahtevajo preureditev in prestrukturiranje sektorja v državni lasti.
These developments are surveyed in two recent OECD reports that have served as input to these guidelines.2 In order to carry out its ownership responsibilities, the state can benefit from using tools that are applicable to the private sector, including the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance.
Te razvojne spremembe so povzete v zadnjih dveh poročilih OECD, ki sta služili kot vir pri oblikovanju teh Smernic. Za izvajanje svojih lastniških nalog lahko država koristno uporabi orodja, ki jih uporablja privatni sektor, med njimi tudi Načela korporativnega upravljanja OECD.
This is especially true for listed SOEs.
To še posebej velja za družbe v državni lasti, ki kotirajo na borzi.
However, SOEs also face some distinct governance challenges.
Seveda pa se družbe v državni lasti pri upravljanju soočajo z nekaterimi povsem drugačnimi izzivi.
One is that SOEs may suffer just as much from undue hands-on and politically motivated ownership interference as from totally passive or distant ownership by the state.
Eden od teh je, da se družbe v državni lasti lahko soočajo tako z nedovoljenim in politično motiviranim vmešavanjem na eni strani kot s popolnoma pasivnim ali distanciranim lastništvom države na drugi strani.
There may also be a dilution of accountability.
Poleg tega prihaja tudi do razvodenitve odgovornosti.
SOEs are often protected from two major threats that are essential for policing management in private sector corporations, i.e., takeover and bankruptcy.
So pa običajno družbe v državni lasti zaščitene pred dvema velikima grožnjama, ki sta bistveni pri vodenju družb privatnega sektorja, to je pred prevzemi in stečaji.
More fundamentally, corporate governance difficulties derive from the fact that the accountability for the performance of SOEs involves a complex chain of agents (management, board, ownership entities, ministries, the government), without clearly and easily identifiable, or remote, principals.
Težave korporativnega upravljanja družb v državni lasti načeloma izvirajo iz dejstva, da so odgovornosti za poslovanje teh družb razpršene na kompleksno verigo predstavnikov (menedžment, odbor, lastniške organe, ministrstva,vlado) brez jasnih in lahko ugotovljivih načel.
To structure this complex web of accountabilities in order to ensure efficient decisions and good corporate governance is a challenge.
Organiziranje te kompleksne mreže odgovornosti za zagotovitev učinkovitega odločanja in dobrega korporativnega upravljanja je pravi izziv.
As the Guidelines are intended to provide general advice that will assist governments in improving the performance of SOEs, the decision to apply the Guidelines to the governance of particular SOEs should be made on a pragmatic basis.
Namen Smernic je dajati splošne nasvete vladam v pomoč pri izboljševanju poslovanja družb v državni lasti, zato mora biti odločitev za uporabo teh Smernic pragmatične narave.
The Guidelines are primarily oriented to state-owned enterprises using a distinct legal form (i.e., separate from the public administration) and having a commercial activity (i.e. with the bulk of their income coming from sales and fees), whether or not they pursue a public policy objective as well.
Smernice se v prvi vrsti osredotočajo na družbe v državni lasti, ki uporabljajo posebno pravno obliko (na primer ločeno od javne uprave) in opravljajo komercialno dejavnost (na primer da pridobivajo del prihodka od prodaje in pristojbin) ter hkrati uresničujejo cilje javne politike ali pa tudi ne.
These SOEs may be in competitive or in non-competitive sectors of the economy.
Te družbe v državni lasti lahko poslujejo v konkurenčnih ali nekonkurenčnih sektorjih gospodarstva.
When necessary, the Guidelines distinguish between listed and non-listed SOEs, or between wholly owned, majority and minority owned SOEs since the corporate governance issues are somewhat different in each case.
Po potrebi Smernice razločujejo med družbami v državni lasti, ki kotirajo na borzi in tistimi ki ne, ali med tistimi v 100-odstotnem, večinskem in manjšinskem lastništvu, ker se problematika korporativnega upravljanja od enih do drugih nekoliko razlikuje.
The Guidelines can also be applied to the subsidiaries of these aforementioned entities, whether listed or not.
Smernice se lahko uporabljajo tudi za podružnice prej omenjenih družb, ki kotirajo ali ne kotirajo na borzi.
While the Guidelines are primarily intended to cover commercial enterprises under central government ownership and federal ownership, authorities could also promote their use by sub-national levels of governments that own enterprises.
Čeprav je osnovni namen Smernic pokrivati komercialne družbe v lastništvu vlade ali federacije, lahko pristojni organi priporočajo njihovo uporabo tudi nižjim upravnim organom vlade, ki so lastniki družb.
They are also useful for non-commercial SOEs fulfilling essentially special public policy purposes, whether or not in a corporate form.
Smernice so tudi koristne za nekomercialne družbe v državni lasti, ki izvajajo pomembne specialne naloge javnega reda.
It is in the governments and the public&apos;s interest that all these categories of SOEs are professionally run and apply good governance practices.
V interesu vlade in javnosti je, da so vse te kategorije družb v državni lasti profesionalno vodene in da uporabljajo dobre upravljavske prakse.
Throughout the Guidelines, the term “SOEs” refers to enterprises where the state has significant control, through full, majority, or significant minority ownership.
V Smernicah se termin »družba v državni lasti« nanaša na podjetja, v katerih ima država pomemben nadzor zaradi 100-odstotnega, večinskega ali pomembnega manjšinskega lastništva.
However, many of the Guidelines are also useful in cases where the state retains a relatively small stake in a company, but should nevertheless act as a responsible and informed shareholder.
Seveda so Smernice koristne tudi v primerih, kjer ima država relativno majhen delež v družbi, se pa kljub temu obnaša kot odgovoren in obveščen delničar.
In the same vein, the term “ownership entity” refers to the state entity responsible for executing the ownership rights of the state, whether it is a specific Department within a Ministry, an autonomous agency or other.
Enako se tudi termin »lastniški organ« nanaša na državni organ, ki je odgovoren za izvajanje lastniških pravic države, bodisi da gre za specifičen oddelek znotraj kakega ministrstva, neodvisno agencijo ali kak drug organ.
Finally, as in the OECD Principles, the term “board” as used in this document is meant to embrace the different national models of board structures found in OECD and non-OECD countries.
In kot v Načelih OECD se tudi v tem dokumentu uporablja termin »odbor« v enakem pomenu in zajema različne nacionalne modele organiziranosti upravljavskih odborov, ki jih srečamo v državah članicah in nečlanicah OECD.
In the typical two tier system, found in some countries, “boards” refers to “supervisory board” while “key executive” refers to the “management board”.
V tipičnem dvotirnem sistemu, ki se uporablja v nekaterih državah, se »odbor« nanaša na »nadzorni svet«, medtem ko se termin »izvršni direktorji« nanaša na »upravo.«
The following document is divided into two parts.
Ta dokument je razdeljen v dva dela.
The Guidelines presented in the first part of the document cover the following areas
V prvem delu dokumenta pokrivajo Smernice naslednja področja
I) Ensuring an Effective Legal and Regulatory Framework for State-Owned Enterprises; II) The State Acting as an Owner; III) Equitable Treatment of Shareholders; IV) Relations with Stakeholders; V) Transparency and Disclosure; VI) The Responsibilities of Boards of State-Owned Enterprises.
I) Zagotavljanje učinkovitega pravnega in regulatornega okvira za družbe v državni lasti; II) Država v vlogi lastnice; III) Nepristranska obravnava delničarjev; IV) Odnosi z deležniki; V) Preglednost in objavljanje podatkov; VI) Naloge odborov družbe v državni lasti.
Each of the sections is headed by a single Guideline that appears in bold italics and is followed by a number of supporting sub-Guidelines.
Vsaka Smernica je v svojem odstavku, z naslovom v mastnem tisku, ki mu sledi več pomožnih smernic.
In the second part of the document, the Guidelines are supplemented by annotations that contain commentary on the Guidelines and are intended to help readers understand their rationale.
V drugem delu so Smernice dopolnjene z opombami, ki razlagajo Smernice, da bi bralci laže razumeli njihov namen.
The annotations may also contain descriptions of dominant trends and offer alternative implementation methods and examples that may be useful in making the Guidelines operational.
Opombe vsebujejo lahko tudi opise prevladujočih trendov in ponujajo alternativne načine uvedbe ter primere, ki utegnejo biti koristni pri operacionalizaciji Smernic.
I. Ensuring an Effective Legal and Regulatory Framework for State-Owned Enterprises
I. Zagotavljanje učinkovitega pravnega in regulatornega okvira za družbe v državni lasti
The legal and regulatory framework for state-owned enterprises should ensure a level-playing field in markets where state-owned enterprises and private sector companies compete in order to avoid market distortions.
Pravni in regulatorni okvir mora družbam v državni lasti, v izogib tržnim izkrivljanjem, zagotavljati enake tržne pogoje kot privatnim družbam, ki jim konkurirajo na trgu.
The framework should build on, and be fully compatible with, the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance.
Pravni in regulatorni okvir mora temeljiti na in biti popolnoma v skladu z Načeli korporativnega upravljanja OECD.
A. There should be a clear separation between the state&apos;s ownership function and other state functions that may influence the conditions for stateowned enterprises, particularly with regard to market regulation.
A. Postavljena mora biti jasna ločnica med lastniško funkcijo države in drugimi državnimi funkcijami, ki lahko vplivajo na pogoje družb v državni lasti, predvsem pri regulaciji trga.
B. Governments should strive to simplify and streamline the operational practices and the legal form under which SOEs operate. Their legal form should allow creditors to press their claims and to initiate insolvency procedures.
B. Vlade držav si morajo prizadevati poenostaviti in uskladiti operativne postopke in pravno obliko, v kateri družbe v državni lasti poslujejo. Njihova pravna oblika mora dovoljevati upnikom, da lahko zahtevajo poravnavo svojih terjatev in da lahko sprožijo postopke v primeru plačilne nezmožnosti.
C. Any obligations and responsibilities that an SOE is required to undertake in terms of public services beyond the generally accepted norm should be clearly mandated by laws or regulations.
C. Obveznosti in naloge, ki naj bi jih družba v državni lasti opravljala v zvezi z javnimi storitvami poleg splošno sprejetih, ji morajo biti jasno delegirane z zakoni ali regulatornimi predpisi.
Such obligations and responsibilities should also be disclosed to the general public and related costs should be covered in a transparent manner.
Takšne obveznosti in naloge morajo biti objavljene splošni javnosti, zagotovljen mora biti tudi pregleden način pokrivanja stroškov s tem v zvezi.
D. SOEs should not be exempt from the application of general laws and regulations.
D. Družbe v državni lasti ne smejo biti izvzete iz zakonskih in regulatornih obveznosti.
Stakeholders, including competitors, should have access to efficient redress and an even-handed ruling when they consider that their rights have been violated.
Deležniki in tudi konkurenčne družbe morajo imeti možnost izterjati odškodnine in biti enakopravno obravnavani v primerih kršenja njihovih pravic.
E. The legal and regulatory framework should allow sufficient flexibility for adjustments in the capital structure of SOEs when this is necessary for achieving company objectives.
E. Pravni in regulatorni okvir morata biti dovolj prožna za prilagoditve kapitalskih struktur družb v državni lasti, ko je to potrebno za uresničevanje ciljev družbe.
F. SOEs should face competitive conditions regarding access to finance.
F. Družbe v državni lasti morajo za dostop do finančnih virov sprejemati konkurenčne pogoje trga.
Their relations with state-owned banks, state-owned financial institutions and other state-owned companies should be based on purely commercial grounds.
Njihovi odnosi z bankami, finančnimi institucijami in drugimi družbami, ki so v državni lasti, morajo temeljiti izključno na komercialnih pogojih.
The State Acting as an Owner
Država v vlogi lastnice
The state should act as an informed and active owner and establish a clear and consistent ownership policy, ensuring that the governance of state-owned enterprises is carried out in a transparent and accountable manner, with the necessary degree of professionalism and effectiveness.
Država mora delovati kot obveščena in aktivna lastnica. Dolžna je sprejeti jasno in dosledno lastniško politiko, ki bo zagotavljala pregledno in odgovorno upravljanje družb v državni lasti s potrebno stopnjo strokovnosti in učinkovitosti.
A. The government should develop and issue an ownership policy that defines the overall objectives of state ownership, the state&apos;s role in the corporate governance of SOEs, and how it will implement its ownership policy.
A. Vlada je dolžna pripraviti in objaviti lastniško politiko, ki mora določati splošne cilje lastništva v državni lasti, vlogo države v korporativnem upravljanju družb v državni lasti in način uvedbe te politike.
B. The government should not be involved in the day-to-day management of SOEs and allow them full operational autonomy to achieve their defined objectives.
B. Vlada se ne sme vmešavati v vsakodnevno vodenje družb v državni lasti. Za doseganje začrtanih ciljev jim mora dovoljevati popolno avtonomijo poslovanja.
C. The state should let SOE boards exercise their responsibilities and respect their independence.
C. Država mora pustiti odborom družb v državni lasti, da izvajajo svoje naloge in mora spoštovati njihovo neodvisnost.
D. The exercise of ownership rights should be clearly identified within the state administration.
D. Izvajanje lastniški pravic mora biti v državni upravi jasno definirano.
E. The co-ordinating or ownership entity should be held accountable to representative bodies such as the Parliament and have clearly defined relationships with relevant public bodies, including the state supreme audit institutions.
E. Koordinacijski ali lastniški organ mora biti odgovoren predstavniškim telesom, kot je parlament, in mora imeti jasno začrtane odnose z ustreznimi javnimi organi, kot so vrhovne državne revizijske institucije.
F. The state as an active owner should exercise its ownership rights according to the legal structure of each company.
F. Država je kot aktivna lastnica dolžna izvajati svoje lastniške pravice v skladu s pravno ureditvijo posamezne družbe.
Being represented at the general shareholders meetings and voting the state shares. Establishing well structured and transparent board nomination processes in fully or majority owned SOEs, and actively participating in the nomination of all SOEs&apos; boards. Setting up reporting systems allowing regular monitoring and assessment of SOE performance. When permitted by the legal system and the state&apos;s level of ownership, maintaining continuous dialogue with external auditors and specific state control organs.
biti zastopana na skupščinah delničarjev in glasovati v imenu državnih delnic; 2. uveljaviti dobro zasnovan in pregleden postopek kandidiranja članov odbora v družbah v 100-odstotni ali večinski državni lasti; 3. vzpostaviti sisteme poročanja, ki bodo zagotavljali reden nadzor in cenjevanje poslovanja družb v državni lasti; 4. vzdrževati stalen dialog z zunanjimi revizorji in ustreznimi državnimi nadzornimi organi, kjer to dovoljujeta pravni sistem in stopnja državnega lastništva.
Ensuring that remuneration schemes for SOE board members foster the long term interest of the company and can attract and motivate qualified professionals.
zagotavljati da bodo sistemi nagrajevanja za člane odborov družb v državni lasti zadovoljevali dolgoročne interese družbe ter pritegovali in motivirali kvalificirane strokovnjake.
Equitable Treatment of Shareholders
Nepristranska obravnava delničarjev
A. The co-ordinating or ownership entity and SOEs should ensure that all shareholders are treated equitably.
A. Koordinacijski oz. lastniški organ in družbe v državni lasti so dolžne zagotoviti nepristransko obravnavo vseh delničarjev.
B. SOEs should observe a high degree of transparency towards all shareholders.
B. Družbe v državni lasti morajo upoštevati visoko stopnjo preglednosti do vseh delničarjev.