natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
How often do you feel stress?
Kako pogosto čutiš stres?
We compared the results of the Youth 2010 survey with the findings of internationally comparable research, for we were thus able to observe in time intervals the trend of satisfaction with one's life and health.
Izsledke raziskave Mladina 2010 smo primerjali tudi z izsledki mednarodnih primerljivih raziskav, saj smo lahko tako v časovnih presledkih opazovali gibanje zadovoljstva z življenjem in zdravjem.
The next two graphs show that in the period from 1992 to 2008 satisfaction with life and satisfaction with health increased, with the young person's age group ascribing the highest marks to these indicators.
Iz naslednjih dveh grafikonov spodaj je razvidno, da se v obdobju od leta 1992 do 2008 zadovoljstvo z življenjem in zadovoljstvo z zdravjem povečujeta, pri čemer jima starostna skupina mladih pripisuje najvišje ocene.
In the Youth 2010 survey the scores in both scales are lower, with a more marked fall noted in satisfaction with life, since the average assessment from young people in 2008 (EVS) fell from 7.96 to 7.26 in 2010 (Youth 2010).
V raziskavi Mladina 2010 so ocene na obeh lestvicah nižje, pri čemer je občutnejši padec pri zadovoljstvu z življenjem, saj je povprečna ocena mladih iz leta 2008 (EVS) s 7,96 padla na 7,26 v letu 2010 (Mladina 2010).
For a more detailed explanation of this decline we would need to obtain measurements for the other age groups, since this comparison would give us a clearer picture regarding the actual decline in the perception of satisfaction with life.
Za podrobnejšo razlago tega padca bi bilo treba pridobiti meritve za preostale starostne skupine, saj bi nam ta primerjava dala jasnejšo sliko glede samega padca v zaznavi zadovoljstva z življenjem.
Of course the decline could be a consequence of the world economic and financial crisis, which can have a very direct influence on the perception of living conditions and the basic (positive) orientation of the individual.
Vsekakor je lahko padec posledica svetovne gospodarske in finančne krize, ki lahko zelo neposredno vpliva na zaznavanje življenjskih razmer in osnovno (pozitivno) naravnanost posameznika.
As for satisfaction with health, the impact is less direct, since this assessment changes with a change to the basic feeling (in other words satisfaction with life) and the perception of wider structural changes that impact health (lower standard of living, deterioration of conditions in society and thereby also a deterioration in the state of the healthcare system).
Pri zadovoljstvu z zdravjem je vpliv posrednejši, saj se ta ocena spreminja s spremembo osnovnega počutja (torej zadovoljstva z življenjem) in zaznavo širših strukturnih sprememb, ki vplivajo na zdravje (slabši standard, poslabšane družbene razmere in s tem tudi poslabšano stanje zdravstvenega sistema).
Graph 88: Trend of satisfaction with life in various studies by age group, selected years
Grafikon 88: Gibanje zadovoljstva z življenjem v različnih raziskavah po starostnih skupinah, izbrana leta
SOURCES: WVS 1992, 1995, 1999, 2005, EVS 2008 and Youth 2010
VIRI: WVS 1992, 1995, 1999, 2005, EVS 2008 in Mladina 2010
Graph 89: Trend of satisfaction with health in various studies by age group, selected years
Grafikon 89: Gibanje zadovoljstva z zdravjem v različnih raziskavah po starostnih skupinah, izbrana leta
Equally, it is interesting to compare Slovenian youth with young people from other EU countries.
Prav tako pa je zanimiva primerjava slovenskih mladih z mladimi drugih držav EU.
The graph below shows that in terms of satisfaction with life, Slovenia is in 4th place, and in satisfaction with health it is in 16th place.
Iz grafikona spodaj je razvidno, da je Slovenija po zadovoljstvu z življenjem na 4. mestu, po zadovoljstvu z zdravjem pa na 16.
We may therefore state that young Slovenians are relatively satisfied with life in general.
Lahko torej trdimo, da so mladi v Sloveniji sorazmerno zadovoljni z življenjem sploh.
Regarding the assessment of satisfaction with health, the differences among European countries are quite small, while in Slovenia young people are less satisfied with their health than their European peers.
Glede ocene zadovoljstva z zdravjem so razlike med evropskimi državami manjše, v Sloveniji pa so mladi nekoliko manj zadovoljni z zdravjem kot njihovi evropski vrstniki.
This is also confirmed by comparisons of European data for the general population (OECD, 2010: 45).
To potrjujejo tudi primerjave evropskih podatkov za splošno prebivalstvo (OECD, 2010: 45).
SOURCE: EVS 2008
VIR: EVS 2008
Graph 90: Satisfaction with life and health in EU countries, 2008
Grafikon 90: Zadovoljstvo z življenjem in zdravjem v državah EU, leto 2008
Satisfaction with health Satisfaction with life
Zadovoljstvo z zdravjem Zadovoljstvo z življenjem
Based on the analyses in this chapter we may therefore conclude:
Na podlagi analiz v tem poglavju lahko povzamemo:
The satisfaction of young people with their lives and health is greater than that of other age groups.
Zadovoljstvo mladih z življenjem in zdravjem je glede na druge starostne skupine večje.
In comparison with other European countries, young Slovenians are relatively satisﬁ ed with life in general.
Primerjalno z evropskimi državami so slovenski mladi sorazmerno zadovoljni z življenjem sploh.
In the assessment of satisfaction with health, the differences among European countries are quite small, while four ﬁ fths of young Slovenians are satisﬁ ed or very satisﬁ ed with their health.
Pri oceni zadovoljstva z zdravjem so razlike med evropskimi državami manjše, štiri petine slovenskih mladih pa je s svojim zdravjem zadovoljnih ali zelo zadovoljnih.
8.4 Body mass index
8.4 Indeks telesne mase
An important indicator of health is obesity, which is one of the main challenges for public health in the 21st century, since in Europe alone there are more than 5 million overweight schoolchildren, and they are joined each year by 300,000 more (Vertot, 2009: 105).
Pomemben kazalnik zdravja je debelost, ki je eden glavnih izzivov javnega zdravstva v 21. stoletju, saj je samo v Evropi predebelih že več kot 5 milijonov šolajočih se otrok, vsako leto pa se jim pridruži 300.000 novih (Vertot, 2009: 105).
Equally, data show that excessive weight and obesity in the European Union are growing among children and adults (Božič, Zupančič, 2009: 18).
Prav tako podatki kažejo, da čezmerna teža in debelost oseb v Evropski uniji naraščata pri otrocih in odraslih (Božič, Zupančič, 2009: 18).
Among European countries, Slovenia is in 8th place in the proportion of its children aged between 11 and 15 who are overweight or obese (OECD, 2010: 65).
Slovenija je med evropskimi državami na 8. mestu po deležu otrok med 11. in 15. letom, ki so pretežki ali predebeli (OECD, 2010: 65).
The main reasons for excessive weight are the changed eating habits of young people (fast food) and the increased idleness of young people, which is linked to changes in how they spend their free time (television and computer).
Poglavitna razloga prevelike teže sta spremenjene prehranjevalne navade mladih (hitra prehrana) in povečana nedejavnost mladih, ki je povezana s spremembami pri preživljanju prostega časa (televizija in računalnik).
The Youth 2010 survey included questions on the height and weight of individuals, from which we could calculate their body mass index (BMI), their nutritional indicator and indirectly also obesity.
V raziskavo Mladina 2010 smo vključili vprašanji o višini in teži posameznika, iz katerih lahko izračunamo indeks telesne mase (ITM), kazalnik prehranjenosti in posredno tudi debelosti.
For further analysis we used the generally accepted classification under the criteria of the World Health Organisation (WHO) with general categories of malnutri
Za nadaljnje analize smo uporabili splošno sprejeto klasifikacijo po merilih Svetovne zdravstvene organizacije (WHO) s splošnimi kategorijami podhranjenosti (ITM pod 18,5 kg/m2), normalne prehranjenosti (ITM med 18,5 in 25
tion (BMI below 18.5 kg/m2), normal nutrition (BMI between 18.5 and 25kg/m2), excessive nutrition (BMI between 25 and 30 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI over 30 kg/m2).
kg/m2), čezmerne prehranjenosti (ITM med 25 in 30 kg/m2) in debelosti (ITM nad 30 kg/m2).
The graph below shows three studies that covered Slovenian youth (aged 15 to 29) for whom it was possible to calculate the BMI.
V grafikonu spodaj so prikazi treh raziskav, v katerih so bili zajeti slovenski mladi (med 15. in 29. letom), za katere je bilo mogoče izračunati ITM.
In comparative terms there is a slight variance in the EHIS (European Health Interview Survey; IVZ, 2009), which has found slightly fewer young people with normal weight and slightly more with excessive weight.
Primerjalno nekoliko izstopa raziskava EHIS (European Health Interview Survey; IVZ, 2009), ki ugotavlja nekoliko manj mladih z normalno težo in nekoliko več s čezmerno.
In general there is a noted trend of a declining proportion of undernourished youth and an increasing proportion of overweight youth.
Na splošno je opazen trend zmanjševanja deleža podhranjenih mladih in naraščanje deleža pretežkih.
Graph 91: Youth nutrition in terms of body mass index, selected studies
Grafikon 91: Hranjenost mladih glede na indeks telesne mase, izbrane raziskave
Obesity
Debelost
Overweight
Prekomerna teža
Normal weight
Normalna teža
Undernourished
Podhranjenost
SOURCES: SJM 2001/3, EHIS 2007 and Youth 2010
VIRI: SJM 2001/3, EHIS 2007 in Mladina 2010
There are gender differences (see graph below), with many more males being overweight and fewer being underweight.
Med spoloma so razlike (grafikon spodaj), precej več je pretežkih in manj podhranjenih med moškimi.
These differences have been maintained from 2001 to 2010, with a decreasing percentage of women being underweight and more becoming overweight, while the proportion of overweight and obese men has increased.
Te razlike se v obdobju od 2001 do2010 ohranjajo, s tem da se pri ženskah zmanjšuje odstotek podhranjenih in narašča delež pretežkih, pri moških pa narašča delež pretežkih in predebelih.
In this period the proportion of obese women fell from 5.3 to 2.9 percent.
V omenjenem obdobju se je delež debelih žensk zmanjšal s 5,3 na 2,9 odstotka.
Graph 92: Youth nutrition in terms of body mass index by gender, selected studies
Grafikon 92: Hranjenost mladih glede na indeks telesne mase po spolu, izbrane raziskave
SOURCES: SJM 2001/3 and Youth 2010
VIRA: SJM 2001/3 in Mladina 2010
To summarise, more than two thirds of Slovenian youth still have a normal weight.
Če povzamemo, sta še vedno več kot dve tretjini slovenskih mladih z normalno težo.
Judging from the studies of young persons in full-time education, future trends are shifting towards an increased share of overweight and obese youth (OECD, 2010; Rok Simon, Mihevc Ponikvar, 2009).
Prihodnji trendi glede na raziskave šolajoče se mladine pa se gibljejo v smeri večanja deleža pretežkih in predebelih mladih (OECD, 2010; Rok Simon, Mihevc Ponikvar, 2009).
By individual age group, there is also a general trend of growing numbers of overweight and obese young people.
Po posameznih starostnih skupinah mladih je prav tako splošen trend naraščanja pretežkih in predebelih.
In the age group from 15 to 18 the proportion is 13.6 percent, in the 19 to 24 age group the proportion rises to 23.3 percent and between 25 and 29 years it is 30.7 percent.
V starostni skupini od 15 do 18 let je takih 13,6 odstotka, v starostni skupini od 19 do 24 let jih je 23,3 odstotka, med 25. in 29. letom pa jih je 30,7 odstotka.
There are also some rules regarding size of settlement, with the highest proportion of overweight and obese people, 29.9 percent, living in the countryside, while they account for 19.8 percent in small towns and 17.1 percent in large towns.
Tudi glede velikosti naselja so nekatere zakonitosti, saj je pretežkih in predebelih največ na podeželju, in sicer 29,9 odstotka, v manjših mestih jih je 19,8 odstotka, v večjih mestih pa 17,1 odstotka.
This can be seen in the next graph.
To je prikazano v naslednjem grafikonu.
Graph 93: Youth nutrition in terms of body mass index by size of se lement
Grafikon 93: Hranjenost mladih glede na indeks telesne mase po velikosti naselja
SOURCE: Youth 2010
Večje / srednje veliko mesto
Large / medium town
Manjše / malo mesto
Small town
Vas / podeželje
Village / countryside
VIR: Mladina 2010
Among other variables, we can stress a negative association with satisfaction with one's build (r = -0.241; p < 0.01) and a positive association with the subjective assessment of material standing (r = 0.171; p < 0.01).
Med drugimi spremenljivkami lahko poudarimo negativno povezanost z zadovoljstvom s postavo (r = -0,241; p < 0,01) in pozitivno povezanost s subjektivno oceno gmotnega položaja (r = 0,171; p < 0,01).
Important preventive aspects that are linked to excessive weight and obesity are healthy diet and sports.
Pomembna preventivna vidika, ki se povezujeta s čezmerno težo in debelostjo, sta zdrava prehrana in športna dejavnost.
According to the Youth 2010 survey, 85.5 percent of young people eat fruit and vegetables at least several times each week, and of these 23.4 percent do so several times a day.
Po raziskavi Mladina 2010 85,5 odstotka mladih je zelenjavo in sadje vsaj večkrat na teden, od tega 23,4 odstotka večkrat na dan.
A total of 92.9 percent of young people actively pursue sports, and of these 62.7 percent do so at least once a week.
92,9 odstotka mladih je športno dejavnih, od tega 62,7 odstotka vsaj enkrat na teden.
Relative to the Youth 2000 survey, the proportion of young people doing sports has grown, for at that time 89.5 percent of young people actively pursued sports.
Delež športno dejavnih mladih se je glede na raziskavo Mladina 2000 povečal, saj se je takrat dejavno ukvarjalo s športom 89,5 odstotka mladih.
Based on the analyses in this chapter we may therefore conclude:
Na podlagi analiz v tem poglavju lahko sklenemo:
There are more overweight or obese young people among males and in the countryside.
Več pretežkih ali predebelih mladih je med moškimi in na podeželju.
8.5 Behaviour risky to health
8.5 Za zdravje tvegano vedenje
The behaviours that pose a risk to health and which we examined in the Youth 2010 survey include the use of tobacco, alcohol and drugs.
Med zdravju tvegano vedenje, ki smo ga obravnavali v raziskavi Mladina 2010, je uživanje tobaka, alkohola in drog.
The table below shows data on the proportions of young people who reported that at least occasionally they use alcohol or tobacco, as well as the proportion of those that have at least tried marijuana or hashish and hard drugs.
V preglednici spodaj so podatki o deležih mladih, ki so poročali, da vsaj občasno uživajo alkohol ali tobak, in prav tako delež tistih, ki so vsaj poskusili marihuano ali hašiš in trde droge.
Table 17: Percentages of young people who have at least occasionally used tobacco or alcohol and have at least tried marijuana, hashish or hard drugs, for the entire sample and separated by gender, age and size of se lement
Preglednica 17: Odstotki mladih, ki vsaj občasno uživajo tobak ali alkohol in so vsaj poskusili marihuano, hašiš ali trde droge, za celoten vzorec in ločeno po spolu, starosti in velikosti naselja
Tobacco
Tobak
Alcohol
Alkohol Marihuana ali hašiš
Marijuana or hashish
Trde droge
Hard drugs
VIR: Mladina 2010
SOURCE: Youth 2010
Po spolu
By gender
Po starosti
By size of settlement female male 15-18 19-24 25-29 village
Po velikosti naselja ženske moški 15-18 19-24 25-29 vas
By age
manjše mesto
small town
večje mesto
The graph below shows a comparison of the proportion of those that do not use alcohol and tobacco in the Youth 93 and Youth 2010 surveys.
V grafikonu spodaj je prikazana primerjava deleža tistih, ki ne uživajo alkohola in tobaka, v raziskavah Mladina 93 in Mladina 2010.
For comparability of samples, in both cases young people aged between 15 and 19 were included.
Zaradi primerljivosti vzorcev so bili v obeh primerih vključeni mladi med 15. in 19. letom.
The proportion of young people that do not use alcohol fell from 28.6 to 10.1 percent.
Delež mladih, ki ne uživa alkohola, se je zmanjšal z 28,6 na 10,1 odstotka.
In the period of comparison there was a rise in the number of young people that do not use tobacco, among both males and females.
V primerjanem obdobju se je povečalo število mladih, ki ne uživajo tobaka, in sicer pri moških in ženskah.
A similar reduction in the use of tobacco among Slovenian primary and secondary school pupils is reported in the study HBSC Slovenia 2006 (Bajt, 2007: 129).
O podobnem zmanjševanju uporabe tobaka med slovenskimi osnovnošolci in srednješolci poročajo tudi v raziskavi HBSC Slovenija 2006 (Bajt, 2007: 129).
Graph 94: Proportions of young people (aged 15 to 19) that do not drink alcohol and do not smoke, selected years
Grafikon 94: Deleži mladih (med 15. in 19. letom), ki ne pijejo alkohola in ne kadijo, izbrana leta
Men Total
Moški Skupaj
Youth 2010 Youth 1993
Mladina 2010 Mladina 1993
SOURCES: Youth 1993 and Youth 2010
VIRA: Mladina 1993 in Mladina 2010
While the regulations in society regarding the use of tobacco point to certain changes in the direction of reduced use of tobacco and tobacco products, the situation is quite different regarding the use of alcohol.
Če družbena regulativa na področju uživanja tobaka kaže na nekatere spremembe v smeri zmanjševanja uporabe tobaka in tobačnih izdelkov, pa je glede uživanja alkohola precej drugače.
Where data show that the image of tobacco and its use among young people are moving in the direction of being more socially undesirable, the use of alcohol (despite more regulations) is still in the domain of what is informally permissible and in a certain social group (including young people) it can even be desirable.
Če podatki kažejo, da se podoba tobaka in njegova uporaba pri mladih spreminjata v bolj socialno nezaželeno smer, pa je uživanje alkohola (kljub večji regulativi) še vedno področje neformalno dopustnega in v določeni družbeni skupini (kot so tudi mladi) lahko tudi zaželenega.
Some research points to a shift in alcohol, too, and specifically to a reduction in the share of regular alcohol drinkers among Slovenian 15-year-olds (Bajt, 2007: 136), but these data do not afford any reliable findings of significant changes in the use of alcohol among young Slovenians.
Nekatere raziskave sicer kažejo premike tudi pri alkoholu, in sicer zmanjševanje deleža rednih pivcev alkohola med slovenskimi petnajstletniki (Bajt, 2007: 136), vendar ti podatki ne omogočajo zanesljivih ugotovitev o pomembnih spremembah pri uporabi alkohola med mladimi v Sloveniji.
According to comparable data for the population aged over 15, in 2008 with 10.9 litres of alcohol per capita Slovenia was close to the European Union average (10.8 litres per capita), and in the period 1980-2008 there was no change in the quantity of alcohol drunk per capita (OECD, 2010: 71).
Po primerljivih podatkih za prebivalstvo nad 15 let je bila Slovenija leta 2008 z 10,9 litra alkohola na prebivalca blizu povprečja Evropske unije (10,8 litra na prebivalca), v obdobju 1980-2008 pa v količini popitega alkohola na prebivalca ni bilo spremembe (OECD, 2010: 71).
Have you ever tried smoking marijuana or hashish?
Ali si kdaj poskusil/a kaditi marihuano ali hašiš?
Based on the analyses in this chapter we may therefore conclude:
Na podlagi analiz v tem poglavju lahko ugotovimo:
8.6 Key ﬁ ndings
8.6 Ključne ugotovitve
1. In the last fifteen years the young person age group has shown a decline in mortality from traffic accidents and suicides, the two most common causes of mortality in that period of life.
1. V zadnjih petnajstih letih se v starostni skupini mladih zmanjšuje umrljivost zaradi prometnih nesreč in samomorov kot najpogostejših vzrokov umrljivosti mladih.
2. Compared to other age groups, young people show greater satisfaction with life and health.
2. Zadovoljstvo mladih z življenjem in zdravjem je primerjalno z drugimi starostnimi skupinami večje.
In comparison with other European countries, young Slovenians are relatively satisfied with life in general.
Primerjalno z evropskimi državami so mladi v Sloveniji sorazmerno zadovoljni z življenjem sploh.
In the assessment of satisfaction with health, the differences among European countries are quite small, while four fifths of young Slovenians are satisfied or very satisfied with their health.
Pri oceni zadovoljstva z zdravjem so razlike med evropskimi državami manjše, štiri petine slovenskih mladih pa je s svojim zdravjem zadovoljnih ali zelo zadovoljnih.
3. More than two thirds of young people in Slovenia are of normal weight, but relative to the start of the decade the proportion of overweight and obese youth has grown.
3. Več kot dve tretjini mladih v Sloveniji imata normalno težo, glede na leto 2000 pa se povečuje delež pretežkih ali predebelih.
4. The use of tobacco and tobacco products has declined slightly among young people, but more young people have experiences of using alcohol and illicit drugs.
4. Uporaba tobaka in tobačnih izdelkov med mladimi blago upada, več mladih pa ima izkušnje z uživanjem alkohola in prepovedanih drog.
There is greater use of tobacco and alcohol among males, among the “student” age group and in urban environments, while experiences with illicit drugs are more typical of males in urban environments.
Pogostejše je uživanje tobaka in alkohola med moškimi, v »študentski« starostni skupini in v urbanem okolju; izkušnje s prepovedanimi drogami pa so značilnejše za moške in v urbanem okolju.
5. If we summarise all the findings of the analysis of young Slovenians' state of health and in doing so exclude the subjective assessments of satisfaction with life, health and body image, as expected, males are the most differentiated risk group.
5. Če povzamemo vse ugotovitve analize zdravstvenega stanja slovenskih mladih in pri tem izvzamemo subjektivne ocene zadovoljstva z življenjem, zdravjem in telesno podobo, so moški po pričakovanju najbolj razlikovalna rizična skupina.
7. In nutrition, special attention should be focused on young people in the countryside, since among them there are 10 percent more overweight and obese individuals than can be found comparatively in urban environments.
7. Pri prehrani pa je treba posebno pozornost nameniti mladim na podeželju, saj je med njimi za več kot 10 odstotkov pretežkih in predebelih posameznikov, kot jih najdemo primerjalno v urbanih okoljih.
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