natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Watching entertainment content on TV (such as soap operas) and listening to music in one's free time have been shown in one study to be associated with positive psychological states and feelings (see Hills and Argyle, 1998).
Spremljanje zabavno-razvedrilnih TV-vsebin (npr. telenovel) in poslušanje glasbe v prostem času sta se v eni od študij izkazali za povezani s pozitivnimi psihološkimi stanji oz. čustvi (gl.
Data for such an analysis are available to us in the European Social Survey (research carried out in 2002, 2004, 2006 and 2008), which measured the total media exposure and following of news/information content via the traditional mass media (television, newspapers/magazines and radio).97 In the graph below we show for three mass media the frequency of exposure to information and political content on the one hand and entertainment on the other
Podatki za tovrstno analizo so nam na voljo v raziskavi European Social Survey (raziskava je bila izvedena v letih 2002, 2004, 2006 in 2008), ki meri skupno medijsko izpostavljenost ter spremljanje novic/ informativnih vsebin skozi različne tradicionalne množične medije (televizija, časopisi/revije in radio).98 V spodnjem grafikonu za tri množične medije prikazujemo pogostost spremljanja informativno-političnih vsebin na eni strani ter zabavno-razvedrilnih na drugi strani.
For both types of content we added up using three forms of media (exposure to entertainment television programmes, radio and reading magazines formed the variable “entertainment media”, while keeping up with informational content on television and radio and reading newspapers formed the variable “informational media”).
Tak instrument je bil sestavljen na lestvici od 0 (ne spremljam tovrstne vsebine) do 7 (tovrstno vsebino spremljam več kot 3 ure dnevno).
This instrument was formulated on a scale of 0 (I am not exposed to such content) to 7 (I expose myself to such content for more than 3 hours a day).
98 Pri podatkih ESS smo pri vsakem anketirancu odšteli pogostost spremljanja informativnih vsebin od celotnega spremljanja medijev in tako dobili vpogled v povprečne vrednosti spremljanja zabavno-razvedrilnih vsebin.
Graph 81: Exposure to entertainment and informational media content, Slovenia and EU-27, 2002-2008
Grafikon 81: Spremljanje zabavnih in informativnih medijskih vsebin, Slovenija in EU-27, 2002-2008
EU-27, entertainment
EU27, zabavne vsebine
Slovenia, entertainment
Slovenija, zabavne vsebine
EU-27, information
EU27, informativne vsebine
Slovenia, information
Slovenija, informativne vsebine
SOURCES: ESS 2002, ESS 2004, ESS 2006 and ESS 2008
VIRI: ESS 2002, ESS 2004, ESS 2006 in ESS 2008
The above graph shows that Slovenian youth: 1) on average are exposed to media less frequently than the average for the EU-27 countries, regarding both entertainment, where the difference between Slovenia and the EU-27 average is greater, and informational content, where the difference is small; 2) are more frequently exposed to entertainment content than information and political, 3) compared to adults, they keep up less frequently with political and information content (not shown).
Iz zgornjega grafikona je razvidno, da slovenska mladina: 1) v povprečju spremlja medije manj pogosto, kot je povprečje v državah EU-27, tako zabavne, kjer je razlika med Slovenijo in povprečjem EU-27 večja, pa tudi informativne vsebine, kjer je razlika majhna; 2) pogosteje spremlja zabavno-razvedrilne vsebine kot informativno-politične, 3) v primerjavi z odraslimi manj pogosto spremlja politično-informativne vsebine (ni prikazano).
It is especially interesting to note that it was “only” in 2008 that Slovenian youth started being exposed more frequently to informational media content, while a decline can be observed between 2002 and 2006.
Posebej je zanimivo, da je slovenska mladina »šele« v letu 2008 začela pogosteje spremljati informativne medijske vsebine, v letih 2002-2006 pa je mogoče zaznati upad.
In view of the perceived trends, we may conclude that among Slovenian youth the interest in entertainment media content has probably declined in favour of informational content (perhaps because informational content is becoming increasingly “entertaining”).
Glede na zaznane trende je mogoče sklepati, da se je pri slovenski mladini zanimanje za zabavne medijske vsebine verjetno zmanjšalo na račun informativnih vsebin (morda zato ker informativne vsebine postajajo vse »zabavnejše«).
At this point we may conclude that among Slovenian youth we cannot discern any shift towards greater exposure to traditional media entertainment (as is typical of EU-27 youth), and the trend is precisely the opposite.
Na tej točki lahko sklenemo, da pri slovenski mladini ne zaznavamo zasuka v smer večjega spremljanja razvedrilnih tradicionalnih medijskih vsebin (kot je to značilno za mladino EU-27), ampak je trend ravno nasproten.
In the period from 2002 to 2008, in exposure to traditional media among young Slovenians there has been a slight increase in the frequency of exposure to informational content, and a decrease in the frequency of exposure to entertainment.
V obdobju 2002-2008 se je med mladimi v Sloveniji pri spremljanju tradicionalnih medijev nekoliko povečala pogostost spremljanja informativnih, zmanjšala pa pogostost spremljanja zabavnih vsebin.
7.4.1 Socio-demographic factors and psychosocial correlates of the use of entertainment and informational media content
7.4.1 Sociodemografski dejavniki ter psihosocialni korelati uporabe zabavnih in informativnih medijskih vsebin
Our findings therefore dovetail with studies pointing to an association between frequent exposure to entertainment and indicators of less adjusted psychosocial development of young people (Romer et al., 2009).
mativne vsebine, se prav tako pogosteje zdravo prehranjujejo100 (r = 0,093; p < 0,001), v povprečju pa spijo manj ur dnevno (r = -0,111; p < 0,001).
In any event, in view of these findings it should also be stated that entertainment content is not always associated with negative aspects of the individual's development, but mainly when it involves excessive exposure.
Vsekakor je glede na ugotovljeno treba povedati tudi, da zabavne vsebine niso vselej povezane z negativnimi vidiki posameznikovega razvoja, so pa predvsem, kadar gre za njihovo čezmerno spremljanje.
Regarding informational content, the findings are predictable: as is the case in Youth 2010, in other studies the use of informational content is associated with indicators of more favourable development of young people and with certain indicators of being active in society (e.g. Norris and Inglehart, 2009; Romer et al., 2009).
Glede informativnih vsebin so izsledki pričakovani: podobno kot pri Mladini 2010 je tudi v drugih študijah uporaba informativnih vsebin povezana s kazalniki ugodnejšega razvoja mladih in z nekaterimi kazalniki družbenega delovanja (npr.
99 They eat fruit and vegetables more frequently.
Norris in Inglehart, 2009; Romer et al., 2009).
100 Interestingly, the variable “fears” is also associated with exposure to informational media, although this association is significantly less strong (r = 0.059; p < 0.05).
7.4.2 Politična in civilnodružbena participacija ter zabavnorazvedrilne in informativno-politične medijske vsebine
7.4.2 Political and civil society participation and entertainment and information and political content
Poleg psihosocialnih korelatov uporabe tradicionalnih medijev nas zanima tudi njihova morebitna povezanost s politično in civilnodružbeno participacijo.
Alongside the psychosocial correlates of the use of traditional media, we are also interested in their possible association with political and civil society participation.
Nekateri avtorji upad družbenopolitičnega udejstvovanja pripisujejo predvsem pojavu in vse pogostejšemu gledanju televizije (Putnam, 1995), kot pa smo videli zgoraj, drugi avtorji upravičeno opozarjajo na različen pomen medijskih vsebin.
In other words, past research has shown that in studying the relationship between media exposure and participation, the most important thing is media content.
101 Zanimivo, spremenljivka »strahovi« je povezana tudi s spremljanjem informativnih vsebin, vendar je ta povezanost bistveno manj močna (r = 0,059; p < 0,05).
Youth 2010 data indicate that there is a positive association between political participation and the two kinds of media content:101 it is associated predictably strongly with informational content (r = 0.307; p < 0.001), but more weakly with entertainment content, although still positively (r = 0.089, p < 0.01).
Podatki Mladine 2010 kažejo, da obstaja pozitivna povezanost med politično participacijo in obema medijskima vsebinama:102 z informativnimi vsebinami je povezava pričakovano močna (r = 0,307; p < 0,001), z zabavnimi vsebinami pa šibkejša, vendar še vedno pozitivna (r = 0,089, p < 0,01).
Civil society participation is also positively associated with the two kinds of content, again more strongly with informational content (r = 0.172, p < 0.001), but there is also a statistically significant association with entertainment media content (r = 0.146, p < 0.001).
Tudi civilnodružbena participacija je pozitivno povezana z obema vsebinama, ponovno močneje z informativnimi vsebinami (r = 0,172, p < 0,001), statistično značilna pa je tudi povezanost z zabavnimi medijskimi vsebinami (r = 0,146, p < 0,001).
So it would appear that entertainment media content (albeit much less than informational) is associated with a higher level of political and civil society participation among Slovenian youth.
Zdi se torej, da so tudi zabavne medijske vsebine (sicer mnogo manj kot informativne) pri slovenski mladini povezane z višjo stopnjo politične in civilnodružbene participacije.
7.5 Use of telephone
7.5 Uporaba telefona
Finally we also present an analysis of the use of telephones among young people.
Nazadnje prikazujemo še analizo uporabe telefona med mladimi.
Graph 82: Average daily use of telephone (talking and sending messages), Youth 2010
Grafikon 82: Povprečna dnevna uporaba telefona (pogovarjanje in pošiljanje sporočil), Mladina 2010
Talking on the phone (in minutes) Number of SMS/MMS sent
Pogovarjanje po telefonu (v minutah) Število poslanih SMSov/MMSov
Statistically significant psychosocial correlates of talking on the phone were seen to lie in satisfaction with health (r = -0.095; p < 0.001), experiencing stress (r = 0.131; p < 0.001), not getting on so well with one's father (r =-0.060; p < 0.05), anomy (r = 0.170; p < 0.001), hedonistic (r = 0.120; p < 0.001) and fatalistic orientation to the present (r = 0.109; p < 0.001), narcissistic grandiosity (r = 0.079; p < 0.01) and opportunism (r = 0.060; p < 0.05), alienation (r = 0.069; p < 0.05), as well as authoritarian (r = 0.090; p < 0.01) and permissive socialisation (r = 0.142; p < 0.001) and deviance (r = 0.105; p <0.001).
Za statistično značilne psihosocialne korelate pogovarjanja po telefonu pa so se izkazali zadovoljstvo z zdravjem (r = -0,095; p < 0,001), doživljanje stresa (r = 0,131; p < 0,001), slabše razumevanje z očetom (r =-0,060; p < 0,05), anomičnost (r = 0,170; p < 0,001), hedonistična (r = 0,120; p < 0,001) in fatalistična usmerjenost v sedanjost (r = 0,109; p < 0,001), narcistična grandioznost (r = 0,079; p < 0,01) in izkoriščevalnost (r = 0,060; p < 0,05), odtujenost (r = 0,069; p < 0,05), pa tudi avtoritarna (r = 0,090; p < 0,01) in permisivna socializacija (r = 0,142; p < 0,001) ter deviantnost (r = 0,105; p <0,001).
More frequent communication by phone is associated with the poorer psychosocial state of the individual.
Pogostejše komuniciranje po telefonu je povezano s slabšim psihosocialnim stanjem posameznika.
It would be possible to summarise that the use of ICT among Slovenian youth is associated with positive as well as negative aspects of the development of young people and their integration into society.
Povzeti je mogoče, da je uporaba IKT tudi pri slovenski mladini povezana s pozitivnimi, pa tudi negativnimi vidiki razvoja mladostnikov in njihove vpetosti v družbo.
On the one hand greater frequency of using ICT is associated with numerous psychosocial correlates indicating a less favourable psychosocial state of young people, while on the other hand it is positively associated with political and societal activity and with the frequency of direct interpersonal contacts between young people and their friends/peers and partners.
Po eni strani je večja pogostost uporabe IKT povezana s številnimi psihosocialnimi korelati, ki kažejo na slabše psihosocialno stanje mladostnikov, po drugi strani pa je pozitivno povezana s politično-družbenim delovanjem ter s pogostostjo neposrednih medosebnih stikov mladih s prijatelji/vrstniki in partnerji.
Yet we cannot “blame” entertainment content in the media for the less desired psychosocial traits of young people.
Toda za manj želene psihosocialne lastnosti mladih ne moremo »kriviti« zabavnih medijskih vsebin.
Entertainment ICT content is not in fact (necessarily) a problem in itself, since it often represents just a softener and a way of grappling with difficulties for those young people with less favourable psychosocial traits.
Zabavne IKT-vsebine namreč niso (nujno) težava sama po sebi, saj pogosto pomenijo le blažilo in način spoprijemanja s težavami za mladostnike s slabšimi psihosocialnimi lastnostmi.
More frequent pursuit of such media may be an indicator of difficulties in young people, although it is probable, as we have already mentioned, that such content also has a reverse (negative) influence on the viewer, and in this sense there is a reciprocal effect.
Njihovo pogostejše spremljanje je lahko kazalnik težav mladih, čeprav obstaja verjetnost, kot smo že omenili, da imajo tovrstne vsebine tudi povratni (negativni) vpliv na gledalca in gre v tem smislu za vzajemnost.
7.6 Key ﬁ ndings
7.6 Ključne ugotovitve
1. A total of 82 percent of young people use the internet (almost) every day.
1. 82 odstotkov mladih (skoraj) vsak dan uporablja splet.
The proportion of such users in Slovenia is above the average for the EU-15 and EU-27 countries.
Delež takih uporabnikov je v Sloveniji nad povprečjem držav EU-15 in EU-27.
2. The use of information and communication technology does not detract from face-to-face interpersonal communication, and is primarily positively associated with it.
2. Uporaba informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije ne izpodriva neposrednega medosebnega komuniciranja, temveč je z njim v veliki meri pozitivno povezano.
Among Slovenian youth a similar positive relationship is evident between the more frequent use of ICT on the one hand and cultural, artistic, humanitarian and political activities on the other hand.
Pri slovenski mladini podoben pozitivni odnos najdemo tudi med pogostostjo uporabe IKT na eni ter kulturnimi, umetniškimi, humanitarnimi in političnimi dejavnostmi na drugi strani.
3. Young people use the computer primarily for entertainment and communication.
3. Mladi računalnik uporabljajo predvsem za zabavo in komuniciranje.
4. Use of computers for entertainment purposes (social networking sites, playing computer games) is positively associated mainly with less favourable psychosocial properties of young people.
4. Z uporabo računalnika v zabavne namene (spletne strani za socialno mreženje, ukvarjanje z računalniškimi igrami) se pozitivno povezujejo pretežno manj ugodne psihosocialne lastnosti mladih.
5. In the period from 2002 to 2008, in exposure to traditional media among young Slovenians there has been a slight increase in the frequency of exposure to informational content, and a decrease in the frequency of exposure to entertainment.
5. V obdobju 2002-2008 se je med mladimi v Sloveniji pri spremljanju tradicionalnih medijev nekoliko povečala pogostost spremljanja informativnih, zmanjšala pa pogostost spremljanja zabavnih vsebin.
6. More frequent communication by phone is associated with the poorer psychosocial state of the individual.
6. Pogostejše komuniciranje po telefonu je povezano s slabšim psihosocialnim stanjem posameznika.
7.7 Sources used
7.7 Uporabljeni viri
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8 Health and wellbeing
8 Zdravje in dobro počutje
8.1 State of health of Slovenian youth
8.1 Zdravstveno stanje slovenske mladine
Health and wellbeing are important indicators of young people's experiences and their adaptation to physical and mental changes in adolescence, while at the same time they indicate the response to wider social changes.
Zdravje in dobro počutje sta pomembna kazalnika doživljanja mladih ter njihovega prilagajanja telesnim in duševnim spremembam v adolescenci, hkrati pa kažeta tudi odziv na širše družbene spremembe.
The state of physical and mental health is indeed not just linked to the individual's personal aspect of living, but also indicates his integration into the interpersonal and wider social space.
Telesno in duševno zdravstveno stanje se namreč ne povezuje zgolj s posameznikovim osebnim vidikom bivanja, ampak kaže njegovo vpetost v medosebni in širši družbeni prostor.
Health as a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing is defined as an area for action by the European Council in the Resolution on a renewed framework for European cooperation in the youth field (2010-2018) (OJ EU C 311, 2009).
Zdravje kot stanje popolne telesne, duševne in socialne blaginje je opredeljeno kot področje ukrepanja Sveta Evropske unije v Resoluciji o prenovljenem okviru za evropsko sodelovanje na področju mladine (2010-2018) (UL EU C 311, 2009).
The aim in this area is to ensure the health and wellbeing of young people, with an emphasis on promoting mental and sexual health, sports, physical activity and a healthy lifestyle, and on preventing and treating injuries, dietary disorders, addictions and abuse of drugs (ibid.: 7).
Cilj na tem področju je poskrbeti za zdravje in dobro počutje mladih s poudarkom na spodbujanju duševnega in spolnega zdravja, športa, telesne dejavnosti in zdravega načina življenja ter na preprečevanju in zdravljenju poškodb, motenj prehranjevanja, odvisnosti in zlorabe drog (prav tam: 7).
Health is also an important individual life goal or project, since among the values in the Youth 2000 and Youth 2010 research it occupies first place in terms of perceived importance in the life of the individual.
Zdravje pa je prav tako pomemben individualen življenjski cilj oz. projekt, saj med vrednotami v raziskavah Mladina 2000 in Mladina 2010 zaseda prvo mesto po zaznani pomembnosti v življenju posameznikov.
Below we will set out the main findings to date of research and analysis of health and wellbeing among young people that specifically deal with Slovenian youth (the age group between 15 and 29) or where Slovenian youth is included in comparative analysis of European countries.
V nadaljnjem bomo navedli poglavitne izsledke dosedanjih raziskav in analiz zdravja in dobrega počutja mladih, ki posebej obravnavajo slovensko mladino (starostno skupino med 15. in 29. letom) ali pa je ta vključena v primerjalne analize evropskih držav.
The findings of various studies of the health of Slovenian (and comparatively also European) youth will be included in greater detail in the analyses of specific indicators of health and wellbeing in the Youth 2010 survey.
Podrobneje bodo izsledki različnih raziskav zdravja slovenske (in primerjalno tudi evropske) mladine vključeni v analize posameznih kazalnikov zdravja in dobrega počutja v raziskavi Mladina 2010.
Indicators of the health of young adults (aged 20 to 29) are worse (Rok Simon, Mihevc Ponikvar, 2009).
Kazalniki zdravja mlajših odraslih (med 20. in 29. letom) so slabši (Rok Simon, Mihevc Ponikvar, 2009).