natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
I visit youth gathering places
Hodim v kino, gledališče, na koncerte
I go to the cinema, theatre, concerts
Pišem (dnevnik, pesmi, pisma)
I write (a diary, poems, le ers,)
Hodim na izlete z družino
I go on family outings
Sodelujem v humanitarnih dejavnostih
I participate in humanitarian activities
Se ukvarjam s političnimi aktivnostmi
I pursue political activities
Vsak dan
The results show that within the surveyed ten activities, the greatest proportion of young people - just under two thirds - is involved at least once a week with sports, while just under 31 percent pursue sports at least four times a week in their spare time.
Izsledki kažejo, da se v okviru preučenih desetih dejavnosti največji delež mladih - slabi dve tretjini - vsaj enkrat tedensko ukvarja s športom, slabih 31 odstotkov pa se jih v prostem času s športom ukvarja najmanj 4-krat tedensko.
In terms of frequency this is followed by reading (just over 19 percent of young people read at least four times a week in their free time), visiting relatives and pursuing music.
Po pogostosti nato sledijo branje (dobrih 19 odstotkov mladih v prostem času bere vsaj 4-krat tedensko), obiskovanje sorodnikov in ukvarjanje z glasbo.
The four activities in which young people are least active in their free time and for which more than half of young people say that they “never” pursue, are: visiting youth gathering places (54.1 percent never visit youth gathering places), participating in humanitarian activities, writing a diary (poems, letters) and getting involved in political activities (87.1 percent of young people are never politically active in their free time).
Štiri dejavnosti, v katerih se mladi najredkeje udejstvujejo v prostem času in za katere več kot polovica mladih trdi, da v njih niso »nikoli« dejavni, so: obiskovanje zbirališča mladih (54,1 odstotka jih zbirališč mladih nikoli ne obišče), sodelovanje v humanitarnih dejavnostih, pisanje dnevnika (pesmi, pisem) ter ukvarjanje s političnimi dejavnostmi (87,1 odstotka mladih v prostem času nikoli ni politično dejavnih).
The findings indicate, therefore, that young people are most frequently active in sports (just 7.1 percent are never involved in sports), and they also read quite frequently.
Izsledki torej kažejo, da so mladi najpogosteje športno dejavni (le 7,1 odstotka se jih s športom nikoli ne ukvarja), razmeroma pogosto pa tudi berejo.
As has been noted in the chapter Participation, young people are not interested in being politically active (87.1 percent “never” get involved in politics).
Kot je ugotovljeno v poglavju Participacija, mlade politično delovanje ne zanima (87,1 odstotka se jih »nikoli« ne ukvarja s politiko).
4-6 times a week 1-3 times a week 1-3 times per month Less than once a month Never
jo anketiranci razumeli v njeni tradicionalni, institucionalni, strankarski obliki, ki je, kot smo videli, med mladimi zelo nepriljubljena.
We can summarise that young people chiefly spend their free time socialising with partners and friends (in person and virtually), while also taking care of their physical wellbeing and also being active creatively and artistically.
Povzeti je mogoče, da se mladi v svojem prostem času predvsem družijo s partnerji in prijatelji (neposredno in virtualno), skrbijo pa tudi za svoje dobro telesno počutje in so tudi ustvarjalno-umetniško dejavni.
In leisure activities over the past decade there has been a marked growth in young people's involvement in sports, and in 2010 (alongside being at the computer and socialising with peers and partners) this was the most frequent leisure activity, while there has been a pronounced decline in free-time involvement in politics, which is the least frequent leisure activity.
Pri prostočasnih dejavnostih je v zadnjem desetletju izrazito naraslo ukvarjanje mladih s športom, ki je v letu 2010 (ob ukvarjanju z računalnikom ter druženju z vrstniki in partnerjem) najpogostejša prostočasna dejavnost, močno pa se je v prostem času zmanjšalo ukvarjanje s politiko, ki je najmanj pogosta prostočasna dejavnost.
6.5 Dimensions of young people's activities
6.5 Razsežnosti dejavnosti mladih
Before analysing factors and correlates of everyday and free-time activities, it makes sense to look at which everyday and free-time activities comprise common dimensions.
Preden analiziramo še dejavnike in korelate vsakodnevnih in prostočasnih dejavnosti, je smiselno preučiti, katere vsakodnevne in prostočasne dejavnosti sestavljajo skupne razsežnosti.
Below we present the factor structure of young people's activities in the Youth 2010 survey (despite a different coding of frequency, we analysed everyday and free-time activities together).73
Spodaj prikazujemo faktorsko strukturo dejavnosti mladih v raziskavi Mladina 2010 (kljub različnemu kodiranju pogostosti smo skupaj analizirali vsakodnevne in prostočasne dejavnosti).74
In any event, given the aforementioned studies to date, we may anticipate family and sport activities being mainly positively associated with indicators of the young person's psychosocial development, and in particular social activities with less favourable development of the individual.
75 Faktor televizija je na vmesnem polu glede na to, da je vanj vključeno tudi obiskovanje sorodnikov (gl. preglednico spodaj), ki praviloma poteka pod nadzorom (oz. v družbi) staršev ali drugih odraslih (tisti, ki torej pogosto obiskujejo sorodnike, tudi pogosto gledajo zabavne televizijske vsebine).
Table 14: Factor structure of everyday and free-time youth activities, Youth 2010
Preglednica 14: Faktorska struktura vsakodnevnih in prostočasnih dejavnosti mladih, Mladina 2010
I get involved in political activities
Se ukvarjam s političnimi dejavnostmi
I participate in humanitarian activities
Sodelujem v humanitarnih dejavnostih
I write (diary, poems, letters)
Pišem (dnevnik, pesmi, pisma)
I go to youth gathering places
Obiskujem zbirališča mladih
I pursue music (play, sing, dance), theatre, fine art etc.
Se ukvarjam z glasbo (igram, pojem, plešem), gledališčem, likovno umetnostjo ipd.
I go to film shows, the theatre and concerts
Obiskujem filmske predstave, hodim v gledališče, na koncerte
I go to cafes and bars, discos and parties
Obiskovanje lokalov, diskov, zabav
Personal socialising with friends and peers
Osebno druženje s prijatelji/prijateljicami, vrstniki
Talking on the telephone (mobile or stationary)
Pogovarjanje po telefonu (mobilnem ali stacionarnem)
Household chores, work in the garden, on the farm
Gospodinjska opravila, delo na vrtu, na kmetiji
Being with one's own children, younger brothers and sisters
Ukvarjanje z lastnimi otroki, mlajšimi brati in sestrami
Spending time in person with boyfriend/girlfriend, husband/wife
Osebno druženje s fantom/dekletom, možem/ženo
Going on family outings
Hodim na izlete z družino
In my free time i get involved in sports
V prostem času se ukvarjam s športom Obiskujem sorodnike
Based on the results of factor analysis, six factors were formulated through the process of factor scores.
Na podlagi izsledkov faktorske analize se je s postopkom faktorskih vrednosti (angl. factor scores) izoblikovalo šest faktorjev.
Below we first analyse the psychosocial and socio-demographic correlates of these six variables of the newly created factors (in other words the associations between six factor values and psychosocial constructs), and then socio-demographic factors that
V nadaljevanju najprej analiziramo psihosocialne in sociodemografske korelate teh šestih spremenljivk novonastalih faktorjev (torej povezave med šestimi faktorskimi vrednostmi in psihosocialnimi konstrukti), nato pa še sociodemografske dejavnike, ki vplivajo na pogostost dejavnosti mladih.
Socio-cultural activism
Družbeno-kulturni aktivizem
Social activities
Družabne dejavnosti
Family activities Computer activities
Družinske dejavnosti
Sports activities
Računalniške dejavnosti
Television
Športne dejavnosti
affect the frequency of young people's activities.
Televizija
In presenting the results, for accessibility we will limit ourselves to just statistically significant and interesting correlations.
Pri predstavitvi izsledkov se bomo zaradi preglednosti omejili samo na statistično značilne in zanimivejše korelacije.
6.6 Correlates of young people's activities
6.6 Korelati dejavnosti mladih
The correlation analysis showed that free-time activities are associated in various directions and intensities with indicators of the young person's psychosocial development (table below).
Korelacijska analiza je pokazala, da se prostočasne dejavnosti v različnih smereh in intenzivnostih povezujejo s kazalniki psihosocialnega razvoja mladostnika (preglednica spodaj).
More precisely, socio-cultural activism and social activities are positively correlated with alienation, while family and sports activities are negatively associated with alienation.
Natančneje družbeno-kulturni aktivizem in družabne dejavnosti pozitivno korelirajo z odtujenostjo, negativno pa so z odtujenostjo povezane družinske in športne dejavnosti.
Socio-cultural activism (F1)
Družbeno-kulturni aktivizem (F1)
Social activities (F2)
Družabne dejavnosti (F2)
Table 15: Correlates of everyday and leisure activities of young people, Youth 2010
Preglednica 15: Korelati vsakodnevnih in prostočasnih dejavnosti mladih, Mladina 2010
Family activities (F3)
Družinske dejavnosti (F3)
Computer activities (F4)
Računalniške dejavnosti (F4)
Sports activities (F5)
Avtoritarnost
Authoritarianism
Narcistična grandioznost
Narcissistic grandiosity
Narcistična izkoriščevalnost
Orientation to the present (fatalistic)
Usmerjenost v sedanjost (fatalistična)
Deviance
Deviantnost
Authoritarian socialisation
Avtoritarna socializacija
NOTE: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.
OPOMBA: *p < 0,05; **p < 0,01.
Television (F6)
Športne dejavnosti (F5)
Family and sports activities are positively associated with an orientation to the future, while socio-cultural activism and social activities are negatively associated with it.
Z usmerjenostjo v prihodnost so pozitivno povezane družinske in športne dejavnosti, negativno pa družbeno-kulturni aktivizem in družabne dejavnosti.
On the other hand as many as five activities are positively associated with a hedonistic and/or fatalistic orientation to the present, while just family activities are negatively associated with both time orientations.
Na drugi strani je kar pet dejavnosti pozitivno povezanih s hedonistično in/ali fatalistično usmerjenostjo v sedanjost, le družinske dejavnosti so z obema časovnima usmeritvama povezane negativno.
Socio-cultural activism, social and computer activities are also positively associated with deviance, while family activities are negatively associated, as one would expect.
Družbeno-kulturni aktivizem, družabne in računalniške dejavnosti so prav tako pozitivno povezane z deviantnostjo, družinske dejavnosti pa pričakovano negativno.
Although the first two factors - socio-cultural activism and social activities - are associated especially with indicators of the less stable psychosocial development of young people, on the other hand socio-cultural activism is strongly associated with political and civil society activity.
Čeprav sta prva dva faktorjadružbeno-kulturni aktivizem in družabne dejavnosti -povezana zlasti s kazalniki manj stabilnega psihosocialnega razvoja mladostnikov, pa je po drugi strani družbeno-kulturni aktivizem močno povezan s političnim in civilnodružbenim delovanjem.
Family, sports and computer activities are also positively associated with this.
S tem so pozitivno povezane tudi družinske, športne in računalniške dejavnosti.
Sports and computer activities are also associated with political activity.
Športne in računalniške dejavnosti so povezane tudi s političnim udejstvovanjem.
Higher levels of receptive, and especially active, cultural participation are closely linked to higher levels of political and civil society activity.
Višje stopnje receptivne, še posebej pa aktivne kulturne participacije so tesno povezane z višjimi stopnjami političnega in civilnodružbenega delovanja.
The results of correlation analysis therefore show that primarily structured activities (family and sports activities) are associated with a better state of psychosocial development of young people, while unstructured (especially social activities with peers, and partly also socio-cultural activism) activities are associated with a less favourable psychosocial state.
Izsledki korelacijskih analiz torej kažejo, da so predvsem strukturirane dejavnosti (družinske in športne dejavnosti) povezane z boljšim stanjem psihosocialnega razvoja mladostnikov, nestrukturirane (predvsem družabne dejavnosti z vrstniki, delno tudi družbeno-kulturni aktivizem) pa z manj ugodnim psihosocialnim stanjem.
We were interested in which of the individual activities are most associated with deviance.
Zanimalo nas je, katere od posameznih dejavnosti so najbolj povezane z deviantnostjo.
Its strongest correlates include these activities: going to cafes/bars, discos, parties (r = 0.177; r < 0.001), doing nothing (r = 0.164; r < 0.001) and going to youth gathering places (r = 0.274; r < 0.001).
Njeni največji korelati so med drugimi te dejavnosti: obiskovanje lokalov, diskov, zabav (r = 0,177; r < 0,001), lenarjenje (r = 0,164; r < 0,001) in obiskovanje zbirališč mladih (r = 0,274; r < 0,001).
Household work (r = 0.081; r < 0.01) and spending time with one's partner (r = 0.079; r < 0.001) are the only activities negatively associated with deviance.
Gospodinjska dela (r = 0,081; r < 0,01) in druženje s partnerjem/partnerico (r = 0,079; r < 0,001) sta edini z deviantnostjo negativno povezani dejavnosti.
To sum up: social activities (spending time with friends and peers, going to cafes/bars and parties etc.) and socio-cultural
Če povzamemo: družabne dejavnosti (druženje s prijatelji in vrstniki, obiskovanje lokalov in zabav, itd.) ter družbeno-kulturne dejavnosti so pretežno povezane
activities are mainly associated with indicators of a poor psychosocial state of young people, although at the same time socio-cultural activities are positively associated with the political and civil society activities of young people.
s kazalniki slabšega psihosocialnega stanja mladostnikov, vendar so družbeno-kulturne dejavnosti hkrati pozitivno povezane s političnim in civilnodružbenim delovanjem mladih.
Family and sports activities are mostly and more strongly associated with indicators of more adjusted adolescent development.
Družinske in športne dejavnosti so večinsko in močneje povezane s kazalniki bolj prilagojenega razvoja mladostnikov.
6.7 Socio-demographic factors of everyday and leisure activities
6.7 Sociodemografski dejavniki vsakodnevnih in prostočasnih dejavnosti
Correlation analyses have shown that women are more frequently active in four dimensions of everyday and free-time activities: in socio-cultural activism, in social activities, family activities and computer activities75 (0.069 < r < 0.266; p < 0.05).
Korelacijske analize so pokazale, da se ženske pogosteje udejstvujejo na štirih razsežnostih vsakodnevnih in prostočasnih dejavnosti: na družbeno-kulturnem aktivizmu, v družabnih dejavnostih, družinskih dejavnostih in računalniških dejavnostih76 (0,069 < r < 0,266; p < 0,05).
A more detailed analysis of three activities ranked among computer activities (fourth factor - use of computer, reading and listening to music) showed that there are no gender differences in the indicators of frequency of “computer use” and “listening to music”, while in their spare time women read much more frequently.
Tudi podrobnejša analiza treh dejavnosti, ki so se uvrstile med računalniške dejavnosti (četrti faktor - uporaba računalnika, branje in poslušanje glasbe), je pokazala, da med spoloma ni razlik pri kazalnikih pogostosti »uporabe računalnika« in »poslušanja glasbe«, medtem ko ženske v prostem času bistveno pogosteje berejo.
Our findings show that men more frequently pursue sports (r = 0.106; p < 0.001), which is in line with the EU trend (Flash Eurobarometer 202, 2007: 89).
Naši izsledki še kažejo, da se moški pogosteje ukvarjajo s športom (r = 0,106; p < 0,001), kar je skladno s trendom v EU (Flash Eurobarometer 202, 2007: 89).
Lower age is associated with more frequent activities in the context of five dimensions (0.066 < r < 0.268; p < 0.05), apart from family activities, where as expected, older youth are more frequently active (r = 0.306; p < 0.001).
Nižja starost je povezana s pogostejšimi dejavnostmi v okviru petih razsežnosti (0,066 < r < 0,268; p < 0,05), razen družinskih dejavnosti, pri katerih se pričakovano pogosteje udejstvuje starejša mladina (r = 0,306; p < 0,001).
75 A study of schoolchildren (11, 13 and 15-year-olds) from 2002 showed that boys more frequently used computers and watched television (Currie et al., 2004: 100-103).
76 Raziskava šolskih otrok (11-, 13- in 15-letnikov) iz 2002 je sicer pokazala, da so fantje pogosteje uporabljali računalnik in gledali televizijo (Currie et al., 2004: 100-103).
Boys are more active only in sports, with girls more active in other areas.
Fantje so dejavnejši le v športu, v drugih dejavnostih pa dekleta.
Young people with less educated parents are more rarely socio-culturally active, and are more rarely involved with computers and sports, but more frequently with family activities.
Mladi manj izobraženih staršev so redkeje družbeno-kulturno dejavni ter se redkeje ukvarjajo z računalnikom in športom, pogosteje pa z družinskimi dejavnostmi.
We may therefore conclude that in the past decade there have been some very clear changes to the patterns of how Slovenian young people spend their free time.
Sklenemo torej lahko, da se v zadnjem desetletju jasno kažejo nekatere spremembe vzorcev preživljanja prostega časa slovenske mladine.
There is more frequent use of computers (and information and communication technology in general)77, but certain other activities (active cultural participation and social activities) have also increased somewhat.
Pogostejša je uporaba računalnika (in informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije sploh)78, vendar so se tudi nekatere druge dejavnosti (aktivna kulturna participacija in družabne dejavnosti) nekoliko povečale.
Of the non-computer activities, there has been a significant increase in sporting pursuits.
Od neračunalniških dejavnosti se je bistveno povečalo še ukvarjanje s športom.
In terms of spending free time, young people are quite a diverse group, since their activities are determined chiefly by socio-demographic variables, something indicated also by studies in other Western (Erwin, 2008) and post-transition democracies (Bouillet et al., 2008).
Mladi so glede preživljanja prostega časa pretežno raznovrstna skupina, saj ga predvsem določajo sociodemografske spremenljivke, na kar kažejo tudi raziskave iz drugih zahodnih (Erwin, 2008) in posttranzicijskih demokracij (Bouillet et al., 2008).
Nor is it surprising to observe that among Slovenian youth, too, family and sports activities have generally been seen to be positively associated
Ne presenečajo tudi ugotovitve, da so se tudi pri slovenski mladini družinske in športne dejavnosti praviloma izkazala za pozitivno povezane z vrsto kazalnikov bolj prilagojenega razvoja mladostnikov.
77 The use of ICT by young people is discussed in greater detail in the chapter Virtualisation of everyday life.
Podobno ugotavljajo namreč tudi v raziskavah v drugih državah, čeprav to ne pomeni,
with a range of indicators of more adjusted adolescent development.
78 Uporabo IKT pri mladih podrobneje obravnavamo v poglavju Virtualizacija vsakodnevnega življenja.
Similar findings have been produced by studies in other countries, although this does not mean that the associations of these two leisure dimensions (family and sports activities) with adolescent development are always positive.
da so povezave obeh omenjenih prostočasnih razsežnosti (družinske in športne dejavnosti) z razvojem mladostnikov vedno pozitivne.
Sports activities, for instance, can be associated with positive but also negative aspects of a young person's development (Wilson et al., 2010; Le Menester and Perkins, 2007).
Tako so na primer športne dejavnosti lahko povezane s pozitivnimi, pa tudi negativnimi vidiki mladostnikovega razvoja (Wilson et al., 2010; Le Menester in Perkins, 2007).
Of course it is also significant that young people are active in the widest possible range of pursuits, since other research also shows that variety and frequency of leisure activities have an influence on numerous positive aspects of the young person's psychosocial development in later life (Denault and Poulin, 2009).
Vsekakor je pomembno tudi, da se mladi udejstvujejo v čim različnejših dejavnostih, saj tudi druge raziskave kažejo, da različnost in pogostost prostočasnih dejavnosti vplivata na številne pozitivne vidike mladostnikovega psihosocialnega razvoja v poznejšem življenju (Denault in Poulin, 2009).
As expected, research has also shown that the way young people spend their free time depends mainly on the opportunities (infrastructure) that are available to them in their surroundings (neighbourhood) or community (Morrissey and Werner-Wilson, 2005).
Raziskave pričakovano prav tako kažejo, da je preživljanje prostega časa mladih odvisno predvsem od priložnosti (infrastrukture), ki jo imajo na voljo v svoji bližini (soseski) oz. skupnosti (Morrissey in Werner-Wilson, 2005).
It is therefore important to provide young people with adequate support and opportunities for active and structured leisure pursuits.
Mladim je torej pomembno zagotoviti zadostno podporo oz. priložnosti pri aktivnem in strukturiranem preživljanju prostega časa.
78 Indeed we know that youth programmes can have a stimulative effect on young people perceiving their own responsibility (Wood et al., 2009), while equally, through familiarisation with their children's free-time pursuits and interest in them, parents can contribute to the positive experiencing of free time by young people (although it is important for parents not to “control” the free time of their children or coerce them, since this has contrary and undesired effects; Sharp et al., 2006).
79 Vemo namreč, da lahko mladinski programi spodbudno delujejo na zaznavanje mladih o lastni odgovornosti (Wood et al., 2009), prav tako pa lahko starši s poznavanjem prostega časa otrok in zanimanjem zanj vplivajo na pozitivno doživljanje prostega časa mladih (vendar je pomembno, da starši prostega časa svojih otrokom ne »nadzorujejo« oz. jim ga ne vsiljujejo, saj ima to nasprotne, neželene učinke; Sharp et al., 2006).
Finally we should mention two other things.
Na koncu je treba omeniti še dvoje.
Firstly, the fear occasionally arises in he public that structured leisure pursuits can also have negative consequences.
Prvič, v javnosti se včasih poraja bojazen, da imajo strukturirane prostočasne dejavnosti lahko tudi negativne posledice.
More precisely, with an excessive scope and variety of such activities, young people (who meanwhile have plenty of other school, homework or work obligations) can feel increased stress, a lack of “time to unplug” and therefore “burnt out”.
Natančneje, ob prevelikem obsegu in raznovrstnosti tovrstnih dejavnosti lahko mladostniki (ki sicer imajo še številne druge šolske, študijske ali delovne obveznosti) občutijo povečan stres, pomanjkanje »časa za odklop« in s tem»izgorevanje«. Čeprav raziskave kažejo, da je na primer stopnja anksioznosti večja pri mladih, ki so udeleženi v izjemno velikem številu strukturiranih dejavnosti (gl.
Although research indicates that the level of anxiety for instance is greater in young people who participate in an exceptionally high number of structured activities (see Melman et al., 2007), these young people do not report any more frequent signs of depression or other (physical) health issues, and the study by Melman and associates of structured activities also covered paid work (and other structured obligations).
Melman et al., 2007), ti mladostniki ne poročajo o pogostejših znakih depresije niti drugih (fizičnih) zdravstvenih težavah, s tem da je omenjena študija Melmanove in sodelavcev v strukturirane dejavnosti zajela tudi plačano delo (in druge strukturirane obveznosti).