natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
NOTE: * European countries for which comparable data exists were selected.
OPOMBA: * Izbrane so bile evropske države, za katere obstajajo primerljivi podatki.
SOURCES: World Values Survey 1992-2005, EVS 2008
VIRA: Svetovna raziskava vrednot, 1992-2005; EVS, 2008
At least the following can be concluded from the graph:
Iz grafikona je razvidno vsaj to:
In the nineties the level of willingness to pay an environmental tax decreased significantly in all of the countries surveyed.
V devetdesetih letih prejšnjega stoletja se je pripravljenost na ekološki davek bistveno zmanjšala v vseh opazovanih državah.
In the period 2000-2008 it did not significantly change or fell slightly in the majority of countries.
V obdobju 2000-2008 se v večini držav ni bistveno spreminjala ali pa je rahlo upadala.
Slovenian youth demonstrate a relatively high level of ecological consciousness among the countries compared.
Slovenska mladina kaže med primerjanimi državami sorazmerno visoko stopnjo ekološke zavesti.
With regard to the first two points it should be mentioned that the same trends apply to the older generations (30 and over).
Glede prvih dveh točk je treba poudariti, da enaki trendi veljajo tudi za starejše generacije (30 let in več).
We obtain a slightly clearer picture if we look at the data from the European Social Survey (ESS), which affords us an insight into a slightly different indicator of ecological consciousness.
Nekoliko popolnejšo sliko dobimo, če pogledamo podatke Evropske družboslovne raziskave (ESS), ki omogočajo vpogled v nekoliko drugačen kazalnik ekološke zavesti.
Graph 127: Emphasising concern for nature and the environment, Slovenia 2002-2008
Grafikon 127: Poudarjanje skrbi za naravo in okolje, Slovenija,
Ascribing major importance to nature and the environment
Dajati velik pomen skrbi za naravo in okolje
Very characteristic of me
Zelo značilno zame
Characteristic of me
Značilno zame
Fairly characteristic of me
Dokaj značilno zame
Somewhat characteristic of me
Malo značilno zame
Not characteristic of me
Ni značilno zame
Not characteristic of me at all
Sploh ni značilno
SOURCES: ESS 2002 and 2008
VIRA: ESS 2002 in 2008
On the other hand, the graph above indicates:
Zgornji grafikon po drugi strani kaže:
In the period 2002-2008 the percentage of people who see themselves as very ecologically conscious increased slightly in all age groups.
V obdobju 2002-2008 se je delež tistih, ki se doživljajo kot zelo ekološko ozaveščene, rahlo povečal v vseh starostnih skupinah.
The younger generation is significantly less ecologically conscious in comparison with older generations (this was also observed for the indicator of willingness to pay an environmental tax).
Mlajša generacija je v primerjavi s starejšimi občutno manj ekološko ozaveščena (to smo opazili tudi pri kazalniku pripravljenosti na ekološki davek).
A comparison from the last two surveys of Slovenian youth should be added here:
K temu je treba dodati še primerjavo iz zadnjih dveh raziskav slovenske mladine:
Graph 128: Importance of protecting the environment to the lives of young people (15-29), Youth 2000 and Youth 2010
Grafikon 128: Pomen varovanja narave v življenju mladih (15-29 let), Mladina 2000 in Mladina 2010
How important is it to your life: protecting the environment
Kako pomembno je za tvoje življenje: varovanje narave
Youth 2010
Mladina 2010
Youth 2000
Mladina 2000
Very important
Zelo pomembno
Fairly important
Dokaj pomembno
Somewhat important
Srednje pomembno
We can summarise the above presented points as follows:
Povedano in prikazano lahko strnemo v naslednje:
Slovenian youth are slightly above average in ecological consciousness in comparison with European youth.
Mladi v Sloveniji so v primerjavi z evropsko mladino nekoliko nadpovprečno ekološko ozaveščeni.
In the last twenty years ecological consciousness among Slovenian youth (as well as in comparable countries) has fallen slightly, but has always been signiﬁ cantly lower than that of the older generations.
V zadnjih dvajsetih letih je ekološka zavest mladih v Sloveniji (kot tudi v primerljivih državah) nekoliko upadla, ves čas pa je bistveno nižja v primerjavi s starejšimi generacijami.
Although these trends seem slightly surprising from the perspective of general media reporting on ecological issues, it should be stated that we arrived at the same findings on the basis of three completely independent research programmes.
Čeprav se zdijo trendi z vidika obširnega medijskega poročanja o ekoloških vprašanjih nekoliko presenetljivi, je treba poudariti, da smo do enakih ugotovitev prišli na podlagi treh med seboj povsem neodvisnih raziskovalnih programov.
In view of the data from the European Social Survey (ESS) we can therefore conclude that at the level of identifying with ecological consciousness perhaps even slight positive trends are indicated.
Glede na podatke Evropske družboslovne raziskave (ESS) lahko sicer ugotovimo, da se na ravni enačenja z ekološko ozaveščenostjo morda nakazujejo celo rahli pozitivni trendi.
However, on the other hand it is clear that preparedness to sacrifice for ecological reasons and the importance of protecting the environment in everyday life among young people in the last ten years show more signs of receding than growth.
To da po drugi strani je jasno razvidno, da pripravljenost na odrekanje iz ekoloških razlogov in pomen varovanja narave v vsakdanjem življenju v zadnjem desetletju med mladimi kažeta več znakov usihanja kakor naraščanja.
For a more detailed insight into the factors that can influence ecologically conscious behaviour, we created an index in our database composed of agreement (1 = does not apply to me; 5 = entirely applies to me) with the following statements (α = 0.703):
Za podrobnejši vpogled v dejavnike, ki lahko vplivajo na ekološko ozaveščeno vedenje, smo v naši zbirki podatkov oblikovali kazalnik, sestavljen iz strinjanja (1 = sploh ne velja zame; 5 = popolnoma velja zame) s temi trditvami (a = 0,703):
• I conserve electricity and heat.
• Varčujem pri elektriki in ogrevanju.
• If possible I buy local products that are not transported over long distances.
• Če je le mogoče, kupujem lokalne izdelke, ki se ne prevažajo na
As a specific example: 41.8 per cent of young people think that conserving electricity and heat is characteristic of them.
Na konkretnem primeru: 41,8 odstotka mladih na primer meni, da je zanje značilno varčevanje pri elektriki in ogrevanju.
Graph 129: Elements of ecologically conscious behaviour among young people (15-29), Youth 2010
Grafikon 129: Elementi ekološko ozaveščenega vedenja med mladimi (15-29 let), Mladina 2010
I encourage my friends, family and acquaintances to treat the environment in a friendly manner.
Vplivam na svojo družino, prijatelje ali znance, da se obnašajo do okolja prijazno.
I buy local products if possible.
Če je le mogoče kupujem lokalne izdelke.
I conserve electricity and heat
Varčujem pri elektriki in ogrevanju.
Applies entirely to me
Zelo velja zame
Applies to me
Velja
Somewhat applies to me
Srednje velja
Does not apply to me
Ne velja
Does not apply to me at all
Sploh ne velja
Below, we were interested in the factors that have a stimulative effect on ecological behaviour.
V nadaljevanju nas je zanimalo, kateri dejavniki delujejo na ekološko vedenje spodbujevalno.
1. Age (r = 0.265; p < 0.01) has a relatively strong positive effect, which is not surprising from the developmental psychology aspect, since social responsibility generally tends to increase with age.
1. Starost (r = 0,265; p < 0,01) ima sorazmerno močan pozitiven vpliv, kar ni presenetljivo z razvojno psihološkega vidika, saj družbena odgovornost nasploh z leti tendenčno narašča.
This finding also corresponds well with the above finding that ecological consciousness is higher among the older generations.
Ta ugotovitev se dobro ujema tudi z že navedeno ugotovitvijo, da je ekološka zavest večja med starejšimi generacijami.
In this connection the correlation of ecological behaviour with better employment status (r = 0.178; p < 0.01) and income (r = 0.173; p < 0.01) is also not surprising.
V zvezi s tem tudi ni presenetljiva povezanost ekološkega vedenja z boljšim zaposlitvenim statusom (r = 0,178; p < 0,01) in dohodki (r = 0,173; p < 0,01).
2. Among the psychological correlates the most significant are focus on the future (r = 0.215; p < 0.01) and authoritative socialisation (r = 0.175; p < 0.01), which together with the above finding indicates that ecological orientation is associated with the general level of maturity of the young person.
2. Med psihološkimi korelati izstopata usmerjenost v prihodnost (r = 0,215; p < 0,01) in avtoritativna socializacija (r = 0,175; p < 0,01), kar skupaj z zgornjo ugotovitvijo kaže, da je ekološka usmerjenost tesno povezana s splošno osebnostno zrelostjo mladostnika.
3. Correlations with personal interests indicate a similar explanation.
3. Podobno razlago nam kažejo korelacije z osebnimi interesi.
Increased ecological orientation is demonstrated by young people who are more interested in education (r = 0.153; p < 0.01) and self-education (r = 0.240; p < 0.01), science (r = 0.199; p < 0.01), art (r = 0.211; p < 0.01) and career (r = 0.208; p < 0.01).
Bolj ekološko usmerjeni so mladi, ki jih bolj zanimajo izobraževanje (r = 0,153; p < 0,01) in samoizobraževanje (r = 0,240; p < 0,01), znanost (r = 0,199; p < 0,01), umetnost (r = 0,211; p < 0,01) in poklic (r = 0,208; p < 0,01).
In short we can therefore summarise that:
Na kratko torej lahko povzamemo:
Young people who are older, have more mature personalities and are socially responsible in a wider sense are more ecologically conscious.
Bolj ekološko ozaveščeno se vedejo mladi, ki so starejši, osebnostno zrelejši, in v širšem smislu družbeno odgovornejši.
The connection between ecological consciousness and the individual's general social standing is not surprising, but underscores the importance of a broad and comprehensive approach to encouraging sustainable behaviour among youth.
Povezanost med ekološko zavestjo in splošno družbeno umeščenostjo posameznika ni presenečenje, kaže pa na pomen širokega in celostnega pristopa k spodbujanju trajnostnega delovanja mladih.
The qualitative part of the study showed that ecological consciousness could be associated with various youth profiles.
Kvalitativni del raziskave je sicer pokazal, da se lahko ekološka ozaveščenost povezuje z različnimi profili mladih.
In our interviews, Helena stood out as a successful grammar school student and is an excellent example of a well-integrated youth:
Helena je v naših intervjujih nastopala kot uspešna gimnazijka in je odličen primer dobro integriranega mladostnika:
“Yes, ecological awareness is extremely important.
»Je, ekološko delovanje je izjemno pomembno.
But we all believe that not much has been done regarding waste and problems with waste.
Vsi mislijo, da z vsemi odpadki in problemi nismo šli predaleč.
In Slovenia, for example, they still give you plastic bags in shops, which we then throw away at home.
V Sloveniji na primer v trgovinah še vedno delijo plastične vrečke, ki jih potem doma vsi mečemo stran.
Something should be done about pollution, we should use less plastic and more recyclable things.
Nekaj je potrebno ukreniti glede onesnaževanja, uporabljati je treba manj plastike in več stvari, ki se jih da reciklirat.
We could have electric cars.”
Lahko bi imeli električne avtomobile.
Matjaž is 29 and currently unemployed:
Matjaž je star 29 let in trenutno brez zaposlitve:
Generally speaking, hyperindustrialisation is to blame for destroying the Earth...
»Generalno je hiperindustrija glavni krivec za uničevanje Zemlje… Človek preveč troši, več kot v resnici sploh rabi.
People consume much more than they actually need.
Večinoma gre za nepotreben prestiž na račun trpljenja narave.
(Matjaž, 29, unemployed)
(Matjaž, 29 let, brezposelni mladi)
Some young people also see hope for relative independence from society (especially jobs) in environmentally-friendly technologies.
Nekateri mladi v okolju prijaznih tehnologijah vidijo tudi upanje za sorazmerno neodvisnost od družbe (predvsem službe).
Nejc, who describes himself as a “job hater”, explains:
Nejc, ki sebe opiše kot »službomrzneža«, razmišlja takole:
“I got into biodynamics… you can actually do this at home, on a small scale, and you can live quite sustainably.
»Zapalil sem se za biodinamiko… dejansko se da to naredit doma, na mali površini in da se živet dokaj trajnostno.
A chronological comparison of the presence of various typical problems and fears of young people reveals the expected results.
Časovna primerjava prisotnosti nekaterih tipičnih problemov in strahov mladih razkriva pričakovano sliko.
Graph 130: Problems and fears of young people (15-29), Youth 2000 and Youth 2010
Grafikon 130: Problemi in strahovi mladih (15-29 let), Mladina 2000 in Mladina 2010
Some of the many fears of young people are listed.
Naštetih je nekaj možnih problemov mladih.
For each of them, rank how much they apply to you (1 = not at all; 5 = entirely applies)
Za vsakega od njih oceni, v kolikšni meri velja za tebe (1 = Sploh ne velja; 5 = Zelo velja)
Fear of losing employment
Strah pred izgubo zaposlitve.
Fear if school, work or professional failure
Strah pred neuspehom v šoli, službi, poklicu.
Lack of leisure time
Pomanjkanje prostega časa.
Fear of drug addiction
Bojim se, da bil bil/a odvisen/na od drog.
Loneliness
Osamljenost.
Fear of unemployment
Bojim se, da se ne bom mogel/la zaposliti.
Among the eight categories there was a significant shift in fear of unemployment.
Med osmimi obravnavanimi kategorijami se je občutnejši premik zgodil predvsem pri strahu pred brezposelnostjo.
In view of the situation on the labour market, which we describe in the chapter on that topic, this shift is not surprising.
Glede na zaostrovanje razmer na trgu dela, ki jih opisujemo v temu namenjenemu poglavju, ta sprememba ni presenetljiva.
In connection with tempo the stagnation of the fear of losing employment is slightly surprising, and probably indicates that young people have already calculated the circumstances of so-called flexible security into their perceptions.
V zvezi s tem pa je nekoliko presenetljiva stagnacija strahu pred izgubo zaposlitve, ki verjetno kaže, da imajo mladi v svoje zaznave že vračunane okoliščine t.
We also find slightly increased concern about housing problems and lack of money, which can be understood as additional proof of the thesis that the material circumstances are the key factor in delaying moving away from the parents' home in Slovenia (we discuss this in greater detail in the chapter on young people's housing circumstances).
Rahlo povečanje nelagodja ugotavljamo tudi pri stanovanjski problematiki in pomanjkanju denarja, kar lahko razumemo kot dodaten dokaz v prid tezi, da so prav materialne okoliščine ključni dejavnik odlaganja odseljevanja od staršev v Sloveniji (podrobneje o tem govorimo v poglavju o stanovanjskih razmerah mladih).
If researchers (Ule and Kuhar 2002) could therefore conclude ten years ago that fears connected to employment and material independence were not burning issues at that time in comparison with the results of previous research of Slovenian youth (1985, 1993, 1995 and 1998), today the picture is substantially different.
Če so torej raziskovalci (Ule in Kuhar, 2002) pred desetimi leti lahko ugotavljali, da se strahovi, povezani z zaposlovanjem in materialnim osamosvajanjem, takrat niso izkazali kot pereči v primerjavi z izsledki predhodnih raziskav slovenske mladine (1985, 1993, 1995 in 1998), je danes slika bistveno drugačna.
With regard to their future, young people are most concerned about a lack of money, housing problems and employment insecurity.
Mladi glede svoje prihodnosti največ nelagodja občutijo v zvezi s pomanjkanjem denarja, stanovanjsko problematiko in negotovostjo glede zaposlovanja.
In the past decade these fears have increased signiﬁ cantly.
Prav ti strahovi mladih so se v zadnjem desetletju občutno povečali.
But this does not mean that young people are pessimistic about the future.
Toda to ne pomeni, da so mladi glede prihodnosti pesimistični.
Graph 131: Young people's (15-29) visions of society's and their own future, Youth 2010
Grafikon 131: Vizije družbene in lastne prihodnosti mladih (15-29 let), Mladina 2010
It will be a lot be er than the present
Bo veliko boljša od sedanjosti
It will be somewhat be er than the present
Bo nekoliko boljša od sedanjosti
It will be the same as now
Bo enaka kot sedaj
It will be somewhat worse than the present
Bo nekoliko slabša od sedanjosti
It will be a lot worse than the present
Bo veliko slabša od sedanjosti
My own future The future of society
Moja osebna prihodnost Prihodnost naše družbe
The above graph indicates an interesting paradox.
Pogled v zgornji grafikon kaže na zanimiv paradoks.
Young people are exceptionally optimistic about their own futures, while they are signiﬁ cantly more pessimistic about the future of our society.
Mladi so glede osebne prihodnosti izrazito optimistični, glede prihodnosti naše družbe pa bistveno bolj pesimistični.
The correlation between these two visions is in fact positive and very strong (r = 0.380; p < 0.01).
Korelacija med obema vizijama je sicer pozitivna in zelo močna (r = 0,380; p < 0,01).
At the level of the individual, optimism with regard to one's own future is also associated with increased optimism with regard to the future of society.
Optimizem glede lastne prihodnosti je na ravni posameznika povezan tudi z večjim optimizmom glede prihodnosti družbe.
For us it is more interesting that the great majority (68.4 per cent) of young people see their own future as better than the present, and that (only) a little more than 8 per cent are pessimistic in that regard.
Za nas je zanimivejše, da velika večina (68,4 odstotka) mladih svojo osebno prihodnost vidi kot boljšo od sedanjosti, glede tega pa je pesimističnih (le) dobrih 8 odstotkov vprašanih.
The available data also allow us to make a comparison with the student population from 1995.
Razpoložljivi podatki nam omogočajo tudi primerjavo s študentsko populacijo iz leta 1995.
Graph 132: College students' visions of their personal futures, Youth 1995 and Youth 2010
Grafikon 132: Vizije osebne prihodnosti študentov in študentk, Mladina 1995 in Mladina 2010
My personal future will be:
Moja osebna prihodnost bo:
It will be a lot be er than the present
Bo veliko boljša od sedanjosti Bo nekoliko boljša od sedanjosti
It will be somewhat be er than the present
Bo enaka kot sedaj
It will be the same as now
Bo nekoliko slabša od sedanjosti
It will be somewhat worse than the present
Bo veliko slabša od sedanjosti
It will be a lot worse than the present
Mladina 2010 Mladina 1995
In the qualitative part of the interviews, we asked young people where they see themselves in 10 years.
V kvalitativnih intervjujih smo mlade povprašali, kje se vidijo čez 10 let.
The responses were without exception optimistic:
Odgovori so bili brez izjeme optimistični:
“I see my future as extremely bright… I'll finish university studies, architecture in Ljubljana, I'll work at an architectural firm… I hope I'll stay together with Jernej, we'll have a house and a car, but at this point I'm not thinking about children yet.”
»Svojo prihodnost vidim kot izjemno svetlo… končala bom faks, arhitekturo v Ljubljani, delala bom v kakem arhitekturnem biroju… upam, da bova skupaj z Jernejem, da imava hišo in avto, o otrocih pa še ne razmišljam.»
(Helena, 18, grammar school student)
(Helena, 18 let, uspešna gimnazijka)
“Matjaž has developed into a stable person, he's financially all right doing something he's at least partially interested in and happy with.
»Matjaž je napredoval v neko stabilno osebnost, ki je finančno zadovoljen skozi delo, ki ga vsaj malo zanima in radosti.
I play in a band, and I make extra money working… Work is just a safety net.
Igram v bendu, delno pa denar služim z delom… delo je samo varnostna mreža.
Yes, the future is bright!”
Ja, prihodnost je svetla!»
(Matjaž, 29, currently unemployed)
(Matjaž, 29 let, trenutno brez zaposlitve)
“(In 10 years) I'll be more relaxed, no longer worried about money… I can't clearly see my professional future… if I could have it my way I'd own a café, I'd serve tables and be the boss… we'll have our own house, no more than 85 square metres...”.
»(Čez 10 let) sem bolj sproščena, ne bo me več skrbelo za denar… Poklicno se težko vidim… če bi bilo po mojem, bi imela svoj kafič, v katerem kelnarim in sem šefica… imamo svojo hišo, ki nima več kot 85 kvadratov…«
(Andreja, 25, unemployed young mother)
(Andreja, 25 let, brezposelna mlada mamica)
Youth 2010 Youth 1995
Bo enaka kot sedaj
On the other hand, the significantly lower percentage of pessimists indicates that it is still far from being possible to speak of any sort of apocalyptic mood among Slovenian youth.
Hkrati pa na drugi strani občutno zmanjšanje deleža pesimistov kaže, da še zdaleč ni mogoče govoriti o kakem apokaliptičnem razpoloženju mladih v Sloveniji.
Of course this does not mean that young people are not socially critical:
Seveda pa to ne pomeni, da mladi niso družbeno kritični:
“This (the future) is alarming: first and foremost, on an entirely practical level, there will be a problem with pensions and wages.
»To (prihodnost) je zaskrbljujoče: v prvi vrsti čisto praktično, problem bo s pokojninami in plačami.
The young and able population will not be capable of providing pensions for the older people.”
Mlada populacija, ki ima moč, ne bo mogla skrbeti za penzije starejših.
(Nejc, 26, reluctant employee)
(Nejc, 26 let, zaposlen po sili)
Young people thus assess the existing situation in society relatively critically (we discuss this in slightly greater detail in the chapter on political participation), but at the same time the majority do not expect to see any major changes.
Obstoječe stanje družbe torej mladi ocenjujejo dokaj kritično (nekoliko podrobneje o tem govorimo v poglavju o politični participaciji), hkrati pa po večini ne pričakujejo bistvenih sprememb.
Here it would seem crucial to remind ourselves of the data that young people for the most part see real opportunities for a successful transition to adulthood within the given social framework, and that there are slightly fewer who are unambiguously pessimistic about their future in 2010 than in 1995.
Ob tem se zdi bistveno upoštevati podatek, da mladi znotraj danega družbenega okvira zase večinoma vidijo realne možnosti za uspešen prehod v odraslost ter da je bilo takih, ki bi bili glede svoje prihodnosti nedvoumno pesimistični, leta 2010 celo nekoliko manj kot leta 1995.
Slovenian youth are approximately equally optimistic about their own and society's future today as they were in 1995.
Mladi v Sloveniji so danes približno enako optimistični glede lastne in družbene prihodnosti, kot so bili leta 1995.
Our findings in this respect contradict the hypothesis that young people are threatened by the future and therefore are not interested in it, as presented by Italian philosopher Umberto Galimberti in his book Unnerving Guest: Nihilism and Youth (2010).
Naše ugotovitve v tem smislu nasprotujejo tezi, da mlade prihodnost ogroža in posledično ne zanima, ki jo v knjigi Grozljivi gost:nihilizem in mladi (2010) zagovarja italijanski filozof Umberto Galimberti.
We can also state that Slovenian youth in general do not conform to the hypothesis of the “presentification” of youth as presented by Leccardi (2005).
Prav tako lahko rečemo, da slovenska mladina na splošno ne ustreza tezi o »prezentifikaciji« mladih, ki jo zagovarja Leccardijeva (2005).
Our data allow for a related comparison with youth in Germany.
Naši podatki omogočajo še sorodno primerjavo z mladimi iz Nemčije.
Graph 134: Ways of dealing with problems among young people (15-25), Youth 2010 and Shell 2010
Grafikon 134: Načini spoprijemanja s težavami med mladimi (15-25 let), Mladina 2010 in Shell 2010
How do you usually behave in such circumstances?
Zaupam prijatelju/ici in ga/jo prosim za pomoč.
I trust my friend and ask her/him for help.
Poskušam na stvar gledati s humorjem in videti, da ni konec sveta.
Youth 2010 Shell 2010
Se umaknem, ker ocenim, da ne morem ničesar spremeniti.