natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
I feel bad at work because of the bad atmosphere among staff or in my department.
V službi se slabo počutim zaradi slabega vzdušja v kolektivu oz. v moji delovni skupini.
I have good relations with superiors.
Imam dobre odnose z nadrejenimi.
The work is boring and offers no challenge.
Delo je dolgočasno in ne nudi nikakršnega izziva.
I have a lot of scope for promotion.
Imam velike možnosti za napredovanje.
My pay is too low for the work I do.
Za opravljeno delo prejemam prenizko plačilo.
I do my work gladly.
Delo opravljam z veseljem.
NOTE: 1 = not true at all, 5 = very true.
OPOMBA: 1 = sploh ne velja, 5 = zelo velja.
It is interesting that the slight changes that did occur involve shifts to a higher level of job satisfaction.
Zanimivo je, da so rahle spremembe, ki obstajajo, pretežno spremembe v smeri višje stopnje zadovoljstva z delom.
Graph 46: Comparison of satisfaction with steady work among those with full permanent employment and those with steady contract work, Youth 2010
Grafikon 46: Primerjava zadovoljstva z opravljanim rednim delom med redno zaposlenimi za nedoločen čas in tistimi z rednim honorarnim delom, Mladina 2000 in Mladina 2010
I feel bad at work because of the bad atmosphere among staff or in my department.
V službi se slabo počutim zaradi slabega vzdušja v kolektivu oz. V moji delovni skupini.
The differences between the groups are more than obvious and consistent.
Razlike med skupinama so več kot očitne in konsistentne.
The differences are most apparent in terms of tedious and unchallenging work, in the prospects for promotion and regarding how the work is appreciated.
Razlike se kažejo predvsem glede dolgočasnosti in nezahtevnosti dela, glede možnosti napredovanja in glede cenjenosti opravljanega dela.
This therefore clearly involves work that young people do not include in their career vision, and is chiefly a means of day-to-day support.
Očitno gre torej predvsem za dela, ki jih mladi ne vključujejo v svoje karierne vizije, temveč so predvsem vir sprotnega preživetja.
4.5 The most important thing for young people is that their work is interesting
Imam redno honorarno delo Redno zaposlen/a za nedoločen čas
The graph below presents nine elements of work and employment, and the average values of the responses from young people.
Grafikon spodaj prikazuje devet elementov dela oziroma zaposlitve in povprečne vrednosti odgovorov mladih.
Graph 47: Importance of speciﬁ c elements of a job, average values, Youth 2010 (15-29 years), SJM 2005/1
Grafikon 47: Pomen posameznih elementov službe, povprečne vrednosti, Mladina 2010 (15-29 let), SJM 2005/1
Being able to socialise and talk to colleagues
Da se lahko družiš, pogovarjaš s sodelavci
That I can apportion my work in the day and week
Da lahko sam razporediš delo v dnevu in tednu
Doing work useful for society
Da je delo koristno za družbo
Doing work than can help others
Da pri svojem delu lahko pomagaš drugim
Job security
M (Mladina 2010, 15-29 let)
The data show that on average, the most important thing for young people is that the work is interesting.
Iz podatkov izhaja, da je za mlade v povprečju pri delu najpomembnejše to, da je delo zanimivo.
This applies regardless of employment status or gender.
To velja ne glede na zaposlitveni status ali spol.
A statistically significant difference between the genders did in fact appear in the “socially useful” element and the element of helping others, indicating that on average women place greater emphasis on the importance of the social role of work than men do.
Statistično značilna razlika med spoloma se je sicer pokazala še pri »družbenokoristnem« elementu in elementu pomoči drugim, kar nakazuje, da ženske v povprečju bolj poudarjajo pomembnost socialne vloge dela, kot pa to velja za moške.
In work the most important thing for young people is that the work is interesting.
Za mlade je pri delu najpomembnejše to, da je delo zanimivo.
This is followed by wages and job security, which is particularly emphasised by young women.
Sledita zaslužek in varnost zaposlitve, pomen katere poudarjajo predvsem mlade ženske.
The fact that job security is an important element of work and employment, and that this applies especially to young women, can be seen in the analysis of their choices with regard to type of employment (graph below).
Da je varnost zaposlitve pomemben element dela oziroma zaposlitve in da to še posebej velja za mlade ženske, je mogoče razbrati tudi iz analize njihovih izbir glede vrste zaposlitve (graf spodaj).
Graph 48: Preferences regarding type of employment (public-private), Youth 2010 (15-29 years), SJM 2005/1
Grafikon 48: Preference glede vrste zaposlitve (javno-zasebno), Mladina 2010 (15-29 let), SJM 2005/1
Imagine you're looking for work and you could choose from various types of job.
Zamisli si, da iščeš delo in da bi lahko izbiral med različnimi vrstami zaposlitev.
Which of these would you choose?
Kaj od navedenega bi izbral/a?
Private-sector employment
Zaposlitev v zasebnem sektorju
SJM 2005/1 (under 30 years)
Zaposlitev v državnem ali javnem sektorju
State or public-sector employment
Mladina 2010
A total of 46.2 percent of these women respondents opted for that choice (while ‘only' 36.2 percent of young men opted for this), which is also the reason why employment in the public or state sector represents the predominant choice of young people (although young men prioritise private-sector employment: 39.2 percent as opposed to 36.2 percent; women selected employment in the private sector in only 28.7 percent of cases).
Med njimi se je za tovrstno izbiro odločilo 46,2 odstotka vprašanih (za to izbiro se je odločilo »le« 36,2 odstotka mladih moških), kar je tudi povzročilo, da zaposlitev v javnem ali državnem sektorju pomeni prevladujočo izbiro mladih (čeprav mladi moški dajejo prednost zaposlitvi v zasebnem sektorju: 39,2 odstotka nasproti 36,2 odstotka; ženske so zaposlitev v zasebnem sektorju izbrale le v 28,7 odstotka primerov).
These data differ noticeably from the data obtained in the Slovenian Public Opinion survey (Malnar et al., 2005).
Ti podatki se opazno razlikujejo od podatkov, ki so bili pridobljeni v raziskavi Slovensko javno mnenje (Malnar et al., 2005).
In this study the inclination towards employment in the public or state sector was considerably more pronounced.
V tej študiji je bila naklonjenost zaposlitvi v javnem ali državnem sektorju precej izrazitejša.
This is true of those under 30 years old, as well as of those over 30.
To velja za tiste, ki so bili mlajši od 30 let, pa tudi za tiste, ki so bili starejši od 30 let.
As much as 65.8 percent of them would like to be employed in the public or state sector.
Med njimi bi se jih je kar 65,8 odstotka želelo zaposliti v javnem ali državnem sektorju.
Young people still prioritise employment in the public or state sector over privatesector employment (a consequence of the choices of young women), but the difference is diminishing.
Mladi sicer še vedno dajejo prednost zaposlitvi v javnem ali državnem sektorju pred zaposlitvijo v zasebnem sektorju (posledica izbir mladih žensk), vendar se razlika zmanjšuje.
On the one hand this can be tied to the fact that the proportion of those undecided has grown, and on the other hand the importance of job security has slightly diminished for young people.
To je po eni strani mogoče povezati z dejstvom, da se je povečal delež neodločenih, po drugi strani pa se je za mlade pomen varnosti zaposlitve nekoliko zmanjšal.
Meanwhile the qualitative part of the survey shows that young people regard employment as extremely important, with most of them seeing it as a step towards independence and in this way towards achieving individual adulthood.
Sicer pa iz kvalitativnega dela raziskave izhaja, da je zaposlitev med mladimi razumljena kot izjemno pomembna, saj jo večina dojema kot korak pri osamosvajanju in s tem pri doseganju individualne odraslosti.
After having one's own family, this is the second most important factor in defining one's own adulthood in young people's perceptions.
Poleg lastne družine je namreč drugi najpomembnejši dejavnik pri opredelitvi lastne odraslosti pri zaznavanju mladih.
“I think that when you're financially independent and you're deciding for yourself and setting your own limits and controlling our own life.”
»Mislim, da ko si finančno neodvisen in se odločaš samo zase in sam postavljaš svoje meje in kontroliraš svoje življenje.
For instance, you've got a job and you're responsible, you accept the consequences of your decisions… you're an adult when you feel psychologically adult.”
Recimo, da imaš službo in da si odgovoren, da prevzemaš posledice za svoje odločitve ... odrasel si, ko se počutiš psihološko odraslega.
“Money is certainly not the most important thing for me.
»Denar mi sigurno ni najpomembnejši.
Rather it's security, having a job that allows me to feel secure… and of course that I can have a family.”
Bolj varnost, da imam službo, ki mi omogoča, da se varno počutim… pa da sploh lahko imam družino.
Nothing!”
Nič!«
4.6 Young people and entrepreneurship
4.6 Mladi in podjetništvo
The issue of entrepreneurship, especially in terms of low entrepreneurial activity and innovation, for which reason Slovenia is lagging behind relative to the average European level of entrepreneurial orientation (Rebernik at al., 2009, 2010), is frequently emphasised and discussed.
Vprašanje podjetništva, predvsem v smislu nizke podjetniške aktivnosti in inovativnosti, zaradi katere Slovenija razmeroma zaostaja za evropsko povprečno ravnjo podjetniške usmerjenosti (Rebernik et al., 2009, 2010), je večkrat poudarjeno in problematizirano.
This is not just because a higher level of entrepreneurial activity is associated with higher economic growth rates, higher competitiveness and innovation (Blanchflower and Oswald, 2009), but also because entrepreneurship as such can mean for the individual a solution to the lack of available or appropriate job vacancies (Ignjatović and Trbanc, 2009).
Ne samo zato, ker se višja raven podjetniške aktivnosti povezuje z višjo stopnjo gospodarske rasti, višjo konkurenčnostjo in inovativnostjo (Blanchflower in Oswald, 2009), temveč tudi zato, ker podjetništvo kot tako lahko za posameznika pomeni rešitev ob pomanjkanju prostih oziroma primernih delovnih mest (Ignjatović in Trbanc, 2009).
The results of a study by Blanchflower and Oswald (2009) show that “young self-employed men and women are unusually satisfied with their lives and work” (ibid.: 195).
Izsledki študije Blanchflowerja in Oswalda (2009) namreč kažejo, da so »mladi samozaposleni moški in ženske nenavadno zadovoljni s svojim življenjem in delom« (prav tam: 195).
4.6.1 Low level of youth self-employment, with slight positive trend
4.6.1 Nizka raven samozaposlitev med mladimi ob rahlo pozitivnem trendu
Despite the measures adopted to promote entrepreneurship among young people, entrepreneurship is not especially widespread among them.
Kljub ukrepom, ki so bili sprejeti za spodbujanje podjetništva tudi med mladimi, pa podjetništvo med njimi ni posebej razširjeno.
In the first quarter of 2010 the number of self-employed young persons as a proportion of all employed young persons stood at just 2.6 percent, which is still below the average for EU-15/27 (EU-15: 3.6 percent; EU-27: 4.2 percent), although a slightly more positive trend can be discerned after 2005.
Tako je delež samozaposlenih mladih med vsemi zaposlenimi mladimi v prvem četrtletju leta 2010 znašal le 2,6 odstotka, kar je še vedno pod povprečjem EU-15/27 (EU-15: 3,6 odstotka; EU-27: 4,2 odstotka), čeprav je po letu 2005 mogoče opaziti nekoliko pozitivnejši trend.
Graph 49: Proportion of self-employed young persons (15-24 years) among young employed persons, EU (15/27) and Slovenia, by selected year
Grafikon 49: Delež samozaposlenih mladih (15-24 let) med mladimi zaposlenimi, EU (15, 27) in Slovenija, po izbranih letih
NOTE: Data relate to the second quarter of the year, apart from in Slovenia in 2005, for which owing to a lack of data, we used data from the third quarter, and in 2010, for which the data relate to the ﬁ rst quarter.
OPOMBE: Podatki se nanašajo na drugo četrtletje leta, razen glede Slovenije v letu 2005, za katero so zaradi pomanjkljivih podatkov uporabljeni podatki iz tretjega četrtletja, in letu 2010, za katero so navedeni podatki za prvo četrtletje.
It should also be pointed out that the share of self-employed persons is higher in older age groups.
Sicer je treba omeniti, da je delež samozaposlenih v starejših starostnih skupinah višji.
In the first quarter of 2010 the number of self-employed young persons as a proportion of all employed persons aged between 25 and 49 years stood at 10.6 percent (2003: 8.5 percent).
Tako je v prvem četrtletju leta 2010 delež samozaposlenih med vsemi zaposlenimi, starimi med 25 do 49 let, znašal 10,6 odstotka (leta 2003: 8,5 odstotka).
But in this age group, too, Slovenia is below the European average, which in the same period was around 14 percent (EU-15: 13.7 percent; EU-27: 14.1 percent).
Tudi v tej starostni skupini pa je Slovenija pod evropskim povprečjem, ki je v enakem obdobju okoli 14 odstotkov (EU15: 13,7 odstotka; EU-27: 14,1 odstotka).
These data also accord with the findings of the survey of entrepreneurship in Slovenia (Rebernik et al., 2010): the most entrepreneurially active section of the population is those aged 25 to 34 years, and men are predominant in this group (in the total of emerging and new entrepreneurs, women account for a 24.2-percent share; the average for European GEM countries is 33.3 percent; Rebernik et al., 2010, 51-52).
Ti podatki so sicer skladni z izsledki raziskave podjetništva v Sloveniji (Rebernik et al., 2010): podjetniško najaktivnejši del prebivalstva v Sloveniji je star med 25 in 34 let, v njem pa prevladujejo moški (med vsemi nastajajočimi in novimi podjetniki je delež žensk znašal 24,2 odstotka; povprečje evropskih držav GEM 33,3 odstotka; Rebernik et al., 2010, 51-52).
Data from this research paint a similar picture, although a certain variance can be discerned (graph below).
Podatki te raziskave kažejo na podobno sliko, čeprav je mogoče zaznati določena odstopanja (grafikon spodaj).
Graph 50: Basic employment status of young people performing steady work, by age group, Youth 2000 and Youth 2010
Grafikon 50: Osnovni zaposlitveni status mladih, ki opravljajo redno delo, po starostnih skupinah, Mladina 2000 in Mladina 2010
I have steady contract work (pupils, students and others with steady work)
Imam redno honorarno delo (dijaki, študenti in ostali, ki redno delajo)
I am self-employed (incl. farmers)
Sem samozaposlen/a (tudi kmetovalci)
I have steady permanent employment
Redno zaposlen/a za nedoločen čas.
I have steady ﬁ xed-term employment
Redno zaposlen/a za določen čas
Youth 2010 (15-24)
Mladina 2010 (15-24)
Youth 2000 (15-24)
Mladina 2000 (15-24)
Youth 2010 (15-29)
Mladina 2010 (15-29)
Youth 2000 (15-29)
Mladina 2000 (15-29)
This indicates that the proportion of self-employed young people aged 15-24 years in Slovenia is even a little higher than the European average, while a comparison with 2000 reveals a slightly stronger increase (2000: 3.1 percent; 2010: 4.5 percent).
Iz tega izhaja, da je delež samozaposlenih mladih, starih med 15-24 let, v Sloveniji celo nekoliko višji od evropskega povprečja, primerjava z letom 2000 pa tudi razkrije nekoliko močnejše povečanje (2000: 3,1 odstotka; 2010: 4,5 odstotka).
Including the 24-29 age group, in line with the findings of other research, increases the proportion of self-employed persons from 4.5 to 6.7 percent.
Vključitev starostne skupine 24-29 let skladno z izsledki drugih raziskav poveča delež samozaposlenih s 4,5 na 6,7 odstotka.
The proportion of self-employed persons in Slovenia is slightly below the European average, but with relatively large recent ﬂ uctuations a modest trend of growth can be identiﬁ ed.
Delež samozaposlenih mladih v Sloveniji je nekoliko pod evropskim povprečjem, ob razmeroma velikih nihanjih v zadnjem času pa je mogoče sklepati na rahel trend naraščanja.
4.6.2 High level of willingness to be self-employed, especially among young men
4.6.2 Visoka raven pripravljenosti za samozaposlitev, še posebej med mladimi moškimi
The low level of self-employment is surprising when it is set against the demonstrated intention, or when we analyse the preferences of young people regarding their type of employment (graph below).
Nizka raven samozaposlitev preseneča, ko se primerja z izkazanim namenom oziroma ko se analizirajo preference mladih glede vrste zaposlitve (grafikon spodaj).
Graph 51: Preferences regarding type of employment (employed by someone else - self-employed), Youth 2010 (15-29 years), SJM 2005/1
Grafikon 51: Preference glede vrste zaposlitve (pri nekom drugem - samozaposlitev), Mladina 2010 (15-29 let), SJM 2005/1.
Working for someone else
Zaposlitev v zasebnem sektorju
Undecided
Mladina 2010
More than 40 percent of young people would, if they could choose, opt for self-employment.
Več kot 40 odstotkov mladih bi namreč, če bi imeli možnost izbire, izbralo samozaposlitev.
This is even higher than the proportion of those that would prefer being employed by someone else (34.8 percent).
To je celo več od deleža tistih, ki bi raje izbrali zaposlitev pri nekom drugem (34,8 odstotka).
Precisely for this reason it is no surprise that among those young people who would choose self-employment, there are more men than women (58 percent), who compared to young men would prioritise working for someone else (37.3 percent of all females would opt for self-employment, 39.6 percent would work for someone else, and 23.2 percent are undecided; males: 48.7 percent, 30.3 percent, 21 percent).
Ravno zaradi tega ne preseneča, da je med tistimi mladimi, ki bi se samozaposlili, več moških kot žensk (58 odstotkov), ki v primerjavi z mladimi moškimi tudi dajejo prednost zaposlitvi pri nekom drugem (med vsemi ženskami bi se jih samozaposlilo 37,3 odstotka, pri nekom drugem bi se jih zaposlilo 39,6 odstotka, neodločenih je 23,2 odstotka; moški: 48,7 odstotka, 30,3 odstotka, 21 odstotkov).
This can also be seen in the actual levels of self-employment.
To se kaže tudi v realizirani ravni samozaposlitev.
As has already been mentioned, the involvement of women in entrepreneurship in Slovenia is significantly lower than that of men (Rebernik et al., 2010).
Kot je bilo že omenjeno, je vključevanje žensk v podjetništvo v Sloveniji bistveno nižje kot pri moških (Rebernik et al., 2010).
Young people in Slovenia today (especially young men) prioritise self-employment over employment with someone else, and the proportion of those that would choose selfemployment today is higher than the EU-27 average.
Mladi v Sloveniji danes (še posebej mladi moški) dajejo prednost samozaposlitvi pred zaposlitvijo pri nekom drugem, pri tem pa je delež tistih, ki bi danes izbral samozaposlitev, višji od povprečja EU-27.
4.6.3 Young people's opinion of entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship is not negative
4.6.3 Mnenje mladih o podjetnikih in podjetništvu ni negativno
Based on what has been presented, the question arises as to why the level of entrepreneurship among young Slovenians31 is so low.
Na podlagi prikazanega se tako ponuja vprašanje, zakaj je raven podjetništva med mladimi v Sloveniji32 tako nizka.
Aside from various institutional reasons (administrative barriers, lack of adequate sources of finance, problems transferring knowledge and research to companies, low level of inclusion of entrepreneurial knowledge in education, inadequate infrastructure, tax legislation and so on), the reasons mentioned include the issue of the general social attitude to entrepreneurship.
Poleg različnih institucionalnih razlogov (administrativne ovire, pomanjkanje ustreznih virov financiranja, težave s prenosom znanja in raziskavami v podjetja, nizka raven vključitve podjetniškega znanja v izobraževanje, neustrezna infrastruktura, davčna zakonodaja ipd.) se med razlogi omenja tudi vprašanje o splošnem družbenem odnosu do podjetništva.
desired in a society, the individual knows plenty of other entrepreneurs or believes that successful entrepreneurs are respected and reputable, the probability of him embarking on an entrepreneurial career is greater than otherwise” (Rebernik et al., 2010).
Če je podjetništvo v družbi zaželeno, posameznik pozna dosti drugih podjetnikov ali verjame, da so uspešni podjetniki spoštovani in ugledni, bo verjetnost, da se bo sam podal na podjetniško pot, večja kot v nasprotnem primeru« (Rebernik et al., 2010).
Politicians
Politiki
Rebernik at al. (2010) have thus determined that experts have most frequently stressed, among the basic weaknesses of Slovenia regarding development of entrepreneurship, cultural and social norms that are not inclined to entrepreneurship (e.g. the tendency towards egalitarianism), while Toplak's research (2004) has shown that just 3.9 percent of entrepreneurs believed that entrepreneurship in Slovenia was appreciated and acknowledged, and that the “great majority of the population regard entrepreneurs as opportunists, cheats, tycoons and layabouts” (ibid.:77).
Rebernik s sodelavci (2010) tako npr. ugotavlja, da so strokovnjaki med temeljnimi slabostmi Slovenije za razvoj podjetništva najpogosteje poudarjali podjetništvu nenaklonjene kulturne in družbene norme (npr. težnja k egalitarnosti), raziskava Toplakove (2004) pa je pokazala, da je le 3,9 odstotkov podjetnikov menilo, da je podjetništvo v Sloveniji cenjeno in priznano, da za »veliko večino prebivalstva podjetniki veljajo za koristolovce, goljufe, bogataše, lenuhe…« (prav tam: 77).
So we asked young people what opinions they had concerning various groups of occupations, including entrepreneurs (graph below).
Mlade smo zato povprašali, kakšno je njihovo mnenje, ko gre za različne poklicne skupine, med katere so bili vključeni tudi podjetniki (grafikon spodaj).
and similar institutions
Menedžerji v velikih Bankah in podobnih
Public servants
Javni uslužbenci
Graph 52: Opinions regarding different occupational groups, Youth 2010 (15-29 years)
Grafikon 52: Mnenja o različnih poklicnih skupinah, Mladina 2010 (15-29 let)
Freelance artists
Svobodni umetniki
Mainly bad Neutral
Pretežno slabo Nevtralno
Mainly good
Pretežno dobro
Although the demonstrated favourable inclination towards entrepreneurs is below the EU-27 average (Eurobarometer survey findings have shown that on average 49 percent of Europeans are well-disposed to entrepreneurs) (Flash Eurobarometer 283, 2009), we can nevertheless conclude that young people do not view entrepreneurs in a negative way.
Čeprav je izkazana naklonjenost podjetnikom pod povprečjem EU-27 (izsledki raziskave Eurobarometer so pokazali, da je podjetnikom v povprečju naklonjenih 49 odstotkov Evropejcev) (Flash Eurobarometer 283, 2009), pa je vendarle mogoče sklepati, da mladi na podjetnike ne gledajo negativno.
This is also confirmed by the analysis of interviews conducted, which shows that the attitude to entrepreneurship among young people is exceptionally positive, although at a level that is somewhat remote.
Temu pritrjuje tudi analiza opravljenih intervjujev, ki pokaže, da je odnos do podjetništva med mladimi izjemno pozitiven, vendar na ravni, ki je nekoliko oddaljena.
Young people see entrepreneurs as innovative, adaptable and audacious, and for that reason also successful.
Mladi vidijo podjetnike kot inovativne, prilagodljive in drzne ter zato tudi uspešne.
Yet since they do not perceive such qualities sufficiently within themselves, they do not associate entrepreneurship with their own future.
Ker pa sami pri sebi teh lastnosti ne zaznavajo dovolj, podjetništva tudi ne povezujejo s svojo prihodnostjo.
Regarding their opinion of various occupational groups, in relative terms young people are most favourably inclined to entrepreneurs, and least to politicians.
Mladi so, ko gre za mnenje o različnih poklicnih skupinah, razmeroma najbolj naklonjeni podjetnikom, najmanj pa politikom.
They generally assess entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship positively.
Podjetnike in podjetništvo sploh ocenjujejo pozitivno.
4.6.4 Where are the barriers?
4.6.4 Kje so ovire?