natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
0 Introduction: Youth 2010 in the context of studying young people
0 Uvod: Mladina 2010 v kontekstu proučevanja mladih
This work was produced under the patronage of the Office for Youth, and is intended primarily to present the results of an empirical study of young people in Slovenia conducted jointly in 2010 by a group of researchers from the Faculty of Arts at the University of Maribor and the company Interstat, d. o.
To delo je nastalo pod pokroviteljstvom Urada za mladino in je namenjeno predvsem predstavitvi izsledkov empirične študije o mladih v Sloveniji, ki sta jo leta 2010 skupaj izvedla skupina raziskovalcev s Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Mariboru in podjetje Interstat, d. o.
This study comes after a relatively long, ten-year break in national empirical research on young people.
Študija prihaja po sorazmerno dolgem, desetletnem premoru pri nacionalnem empiričnem raziskovanju mladih.
The group of researchers that collaborated in the study place their work in the tradition of researching Slovenian youth groups1 over the past 25 years.
Skupina raziskovalcev, ki so sodelovali pri njeni izvedbi, umešča svoje delo v tradicijo raziskovanja slovenskih mladin1 zadnjih petindvajsetih let.
The main reference framework for the research is the key research of Slovenian youth groups conducted by colleagues from what is now the Faculty of Social Sciences in Ljubljana, under the direction of Dr. Mirjana Ule.
Glavni referenčni okvir raziskovanja so ključne raziskave slovenskih mladin, ki so jih opravljali kolegi s sedanje Fakultete za družbene vede v Ljubljani pod vodstvom dr. Mirjane Ule.
The studies published on the basis of that research are numerous, covering relatively well the topic of young people, and we should mention in particular: Mladina in ideologija (Youth and Ideology, Ule, 1988), Vsakdanji svet mladih (The Everyday World of Young People, Ule, 1995), Pri(e)hodnost mladine (The Future/ Mobility of Youth, Ule and Miheljak, 1995), Identiteta študentske mladine v Sloveniji (The Identity of Student Youth in Slovenia, Ule, 1996), Mladina v devetdesetih: Analiza stanja v Sloveniji (Youth in the Nineties: Analysis of the Situation in Slovenia, Ule, 1996a), Predah za študentsko mladino (Breather for Student Youth, Ule, 1996c), Prosti čas mladih v
Študije, ki so bile objavljene na podlagi teh raziskav, so številne in razmeroma dobro zajemajo tematiko mladih, med njimi pa naj omenimo: Mladina in ideologija (Ule, 1988), Vsakdanji svet mladih (Ule, 1995), Pri(e)hodnost mladine (Ule in Miheljak, 1995), Identiteta študentske mladine v Sloveniji (Ule, 1996), Mladina v devetdesetih: Analiza stanja v Sloveniji (Ule, 1996a), Predah za študentsko mladino (Ule, 1996c), Prosti čas mladih v Ljubljani (Ule in Rener, 1998), Socialna ranljivost mladih (Ule, 2000), še posebej pa študijo Mladina 2000 (Miheljak, 2002), ki je neke vrste predhodnik te študije.
1 We use the plural term youth groups for the purpose of internal differentiation within the population we are researching.
1 Samostalnik mladina uporabljamo v množinski obliki zaradi notranje diferenciacije populacije, ki jo raziskujemo.
Youth is in no way a homogenous group.
Mladina nikakor ni homogena skupina.
In the Slovenian context this allowed an adaptation of the tried and tested tool of our German colleagues, while at the same time the authors in this way enabled the highly appropriate comparability of Slovenian and German youth groups.
To je v slovenskem prostoru omogočilo prilagoditev preizkušenega orodja nemških kolegov, hkrati pa so avtorji s tem omogočili visoko ustrezno primerljivost slovenskih in nemških mladin.
This link also spurred a less obvious quality, which nonetheless had an important influence on the development of youth research in Slovenia following the already conducted research of Yugoslav youth of 1985 (JUPIO)2 (Ule and Vrcan, 1986).
Iz te navezave izhaja tudi manj očitna kakovost, ki pa je pomembno vplivala na razvoj raziskovanja mladih v Sloveniji po že opravljeni raziskavi jugoslovanskih mladin iz leta 1985 (JUPIO)2 (Ule in Vrcan, 1986).
The basis for this is chiefly that the authors, before their studies and during them, familiarised themselves very well with the theoretical foundations and with studies already conducted elsewhere in the world, and incorporated this acquired knowledge into their research here in Slovenia (cp. Ule, 1996a).
Podlaga za to je predvsem, da so se avtorji pred izvedbo in med njo dodobra seznanili s teoretskimi podlagami in že izvedenimi študijami drugod po svetu ter pridobljeno znanje vključili v raziskovanje pri nas doma (prim.
Yet what is probably the most important thing on the conceptual level, is the reflection that could be undertaken with confidence only on the basis of a good conceptual grounding.
Tisto, kar pa je na konceptualni ravni verjetno najpomembnejše, je refleksija, ki jo je suvereno mogoče izpeljati le ob dobri konceptualni dodelanosti.
sents on the one hand a deviation, and on the other hand an invaluable bonus (cp. Ule,1988).
2 Gre za raziskavo jugoslovanskih mladin Jupio I iz leta 1985, ki je vsebovala tudi raziskavo slovenskih mladin.
In this connection, mention should be made primarily of the studies Mladi v Sloveniji (Young People in Slovenia, Vertot, 2009) and Med otroštvom in odraslostjo (Between Childhood and Adulthood, Boljka and Rakar, 2009).
Na ravni nacionalnega raziskovanja mladih so empirično »praznino« zapolnjevale različne mednarodne in domače študije, ki so se opirale predvsem na obstoječe uradne statistične podatke.
In the context of international research, Slovenian youth were dealt with in several studies, among which we should point out primarily the European Commission report on young people (EU Youth Report, 2009) and the special Eurobarometer research (2007) on the topic of young people.
V okviru mednarodnega raziskovanja je bila slovenska mladina obravnavana v več študijah, med katerimi je treba opozoriti predvsem na poročilo Evropske komisije o mladih (EU Youth Report, 2009) in posebno raziskavo Eurobarometra (2007) na temo mladih.
In terms of the described context, this study is a conceptual and methodological continuation of the tradition of researching young people in Slovenia, with certain refinements.
Ta študija je z vidika opisanega konteksta konceptualno in metodološko nadaljevanje tradicije raziskovanja mladih v Sloveniji z nekaterimi dodelavami.
As regards refinement of the approach, the following in particular should be emphasised:
(2) poudarek na longitudinalnih in mednarodnih primerjavah, predvsem v EU-27;
9. participation and social inclusion, 10. voluntary activity,
9. participacija in socialna vključenost, 10. prostovoljne dejavnosti,
11. the mobility of young people and globalisation.
11. mobilnost mladih in globalizacija.
These fields served also as a fundamental guideline for processing data and their classification in the final report.
Omenjena področja so bila uporabljena tudi kot temeljno vodilo za obdelavo podatkov in njihovo razvrstitev v končnem poročilu.
1. The first chapter provides a detailed description of the method (quantitative and qualitative) of collecting data.
1. V prvem poglavju so podrobno opisane metode (kvantitativnega in kvalitativnega) zbiranja podatkov.
The importance of key analytical procedures is also explained.
Razložen je tudi pomen ključnih analitičnih postopkov.
2. Chapter two first defines and addresses the concept of youth, and also sets out the changes taking place in relation to the duration of being young and equating youth with the status of young person.
2. V drugem poglavju je najprej opredeljen in problematiziran pojem mladine, predstavljene pa so tudi spremembe, ki se dogajajo v zvezi s trajanjem mladosti in enačenjem mladih s statusom mladostnika.
There is then a presentation of the (expected) trends regarding the number of young people and the elderly in Slovenia and the EU.
V nadaljevanju so predstavljena (pričakovana) gibanja glede števila mladih in starejših v Sloveniji in EU.
Deriving from this is an analysis of the views of young people regarding intergenerational cooperation.
Od tod je izpeljana analiza stališč mladih do medgeneracijskega sodelovanja.
This is followed by a brief presentation of certain key and current demographic changes relating to young people in Slovenia.
Temu sledi še krajša predstavitev nekaterih ključnih in aktualnih demografskih sprememb v zvezi z mladimi v Sloveniji.
3. Chapter three begins with an analysis of the issue of the (high) involvement of young people in the education system.
3. Tretje poglavje najprej analizira vprašanje (visoke) vključenosti mladih v izobraževalni sistem.
Special attention is focused on the academic success of Slovenian young people and how they feel in school.
Posebna pozornost je namenjena šolski uspešnosti slovenskih mladostnikov in njihovemu počutju v šoli.
There is a particular treatment of the views of young people regarding non-formal forms of education and their activities in this field.
Posebej so obravnavani stališča mladih do neformalnih oblik izobraževanja in njihova dejavnost na tem področju.
4. Chapter four presents the status of young people in the labour market, where special attention is devoted to unemployment and temporary forms of work.
4. V četrtem poglavju predstavljamo stanje mladih na trgu delovne sile, pri čemer je posebna pozornost namenjena brezposelnosti in začasnim oblikam dela.
In this connection there is a special treatment of the group of women and the group of universityeducated young people.
Posebej sta v zvezi s tem obravnavani skupina žensk in skupina visokošolsko izobraženih mladih.
Special attention is also devoted to the attitude of young people to entrepreneurship and the recognition of barriers that block greater entrepreneurial initiative for young people.
Posebna pozornost je namenjena tudi odnosu mladih do podjetništva in prepoznavanju ovir, ki mladim preprečujejo večjo podjetniško pobudo.
5. The next chapter deals with the wider social inclusion and exclusion of young people.
5. Naslednje poglavje obravnava širšo družbeno vključenost in izključenost mladih.
The first subchapter looks especially at their political participation together with their views of politics.
V prvem podpoglavju je posebej obravnavana njihova politična participacija skupaj z njihovimi stališči do politike.
The second subchapter is devoted to analysing the trends of youth involvement in voluntary activities.
Drugo podpoglavje je namenjeno analizi trendov vključenosti mladih v prostovoljne dejavnosti.
Subchapter three then deals especially with the group of young people that we define as the socially excluded group.
V tretjem podpoglavju pa posebej obravnavamo skupino mladih, ki jo opredeljujemo kot skupino socialno izključenih.
6. In the chapter on young people's leisure activities, special attention is focused on creativity and cultural pursuits.
6. V poglavju o prostočasnih dejavnostih mladih je posebna pozornost namenjena ustvarjalnosti in kulturnemu udejstvovanju.
In a similar way we analyse long-term changes regarding the frequency of everyday and leisure activities of young people, as well as their socio-demographic factors and psycho-social correlates.
Podrobno so analizirane dolgoročne spremembe glede pogostosti vsakodnevnih in prostočasnih dejavnosti mladih, pa tudi njihovi sociodemografski dejavniki in psihosocialni korelati.
7. This is followed by a chapter on the virtualisation of everyday life, in which we analyse in detail the relationship between personal forms of socialising and the use of ICT, and of course the frequency of individual computer activity.
7. Sledi poglavje o virtualizaciji vsakodnevnega življenja, v katerem podrobno analiziramo razmerje med osebnimi oblikami druženja in uporabo IKT ter seveda pogostost posameznih računalniških dejavnosti.
There is a precise analysis of the socio-demographic factors and psychosocial correlates of using ICT for entertainment and information purposes.
Natančno so analizirani sociodemografski dejavniki in psihosocialni korelati uporabe IKT v zabavne in informativne namene.
8. Chapter eight discusses health and wellbeing among young people.
8. Osmo poglavje obravnava zdravje in dobro počutje mladih.
The state of health of Slovenian youth is presented according to various indicators from the aspects of European comparison and time.
Zdravstveno stanje slovenske mladine je po različnih kazalnikih predstavljeno s primerjalnega evropskega in časovnega vidika.
There then follows an analysis of the satisfaction of young people with their health and life in general.
Sledi analiza zadovoljstva mladih z zdravjem in življenjem sploh.
We also analyse in detail the behaviours of young people that risk their health.
Podrobno je analizirano tudi za zdravje tvegano vedenje mladih.
9. The chapter on the material standing of young people analyses primarily the available income of young people and their key resources.
9. V poglavju o gmotnem položaju mladih so analizirani predvsem razpoložljivi dohodki mladih in njihovi ključni viri.
Special attention is devoted to the issue of poverty.
Posebna pozornost je namenjena vprašanju revščine.
10. Chapter ten discusses the residential and housing conditions for young people, with major attention being focused on analysing the most important factors that contribute to the increasing postponement of young people leaving the parental home.
10. V desetem poglavju govorimo o bivanjskih in stanovanjskih razmerah mladih, pri čemer je večji del pozornosti namenjen analizi najpomembnejših dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na vse poznejše odseljevanje mladih od staršev.
11. Chapter eleven looks at the attitude of young people to globalisation, and deals especially with their geographical mobility.
11. Enajsto poglavje obravnava odnos mladih do globalizacije, predvsem pa se ukvarja z njihovo geografsko mobilnostjo.
We discuss especially the barriers that block young people from greater mobility.
Posebej so obravnavane ovire, ki mladim preprečujejo večjo mobilnost.
12. This is followed by a generalised discussion of the value orientations of young people in the wider sense.
12. Sledi okvirna obravnava vrednotnih usmeritev mladih v širšem smislu.
Here we analyse in particular the sustainable way that young people function, as well as the trends relating to young people's attitude to the environment.
Pri tem se analiza posebej osredotoča na trajnostni način delovanja mladih, pa tudi na trende v zvezi z odnosom mladih do okolja.
There is also a special discussion of the vision young people have of their social and personal future.
Posebej so obravnavane tudi vizije družbene in osebne prihodnosti mladih.
13. The final thematic chapter presents the personality traits of the young people used in chapter two as psycho-social correlates of the various concepts being discussed.
13. Zadnje tematsko poglavje predstavi osebnostne lastnosti mladih, ki so bile v drugih poglavjih uporabljene kot psihosocialni korelati različnih obravnavanih konceptov.
These are concepts such as authoritarianism, social intolerance, alienation, anonymity, deviance and so forth.
Gre za koncepte, kot so avtoritarnost, socialna nestrpnost, odtujenost, anomičnost, deviantnost in podobno.
The chapter also aims to present the psychometric properties of the scales with which we measured these traits.
Namen poglavja je med drugim predstaviti tudi psihometrične lastnosti lestvic, s katerimi smo merili te značilnosti.
14. The report is rounded off by three chapters focusing on the results of qualitative research.
14. Poročilo zaokrožujejo tri poglavja, ki se osredotočajo na izsledke kvalitativnega raziskovanja.
In the first of these (Portraits of interview participants) we provide a similar presentation of the views of 25 young people who participated in the qualitative part of the research as interviewees.
V prvem (Portreti udeležencev intervjujev) so podrobno predstavljeni pogledi 25 mladih, ki so sodelovali v kvalitativnem delu raziskave kot intervjuvanci.
The chapter Synthesis of the findings of qualitative research is designed to provide a focused analysis of the key thematic areas of life of young people that were discussed in the entire research.
Poglavje Sinteza spoznanj kvalitativnega raziskovanja je namenjeno osredotočeni analizi bistvenih tematskih področij življenja mladih, ki so bila obravnavana v celotni raziskavi.
This is then followed by a chapter on the Zeitgeist or “spirit of the times of young people”, as seen by the interview conductor and chapter author.
Sledi še poglavje o »Zeitgeistu« oziroma »duhu časa mladih«, kot ga na podlagi opravljenih intervjujev vidi njihov izvajalec in avtor poglavja.
15. The final chapter in the report is intended to provide a brief summary of the main findings of the entire study and to place these findings in the wider social and theoretical contexts.
15. Zadnje poglavje v poročilu je namenjeno kratkemu povzetku najpomembnejših ugotovitev celotne študije ter umestitvi teh ugotovitev v širše družbene in teoretične okvire.
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Miran Lavrič, Marko Divjak, Andrej Naterer and Petra Lešek
Miran Lavrič, Marko Divjak, Andrej Naterer in Petra Lešek
1 Research methods
1 Raziskovalne metode
The Youth 2010 research is based on a merging of three methods of collecting sociological data.
Raziskava Mladina 2010 je utemeljena na združitvi treh metod zbiranja družboslovnih podatkov.
The most important and comprehensive part of the research is based on the survey of youth in Slovenia.
Najpomembnejši in najobsežnejši del raziskovanja je temeljil na anketi mladih v Sloveniji.
Survey of youth living in Slovenia
1.1 Anketa mladih prebivalcev Slovenije
In this chapter we present briefly the sampling plan and the method of sampling for the requirements of the Youth 2010 research.
V tem poglavju bomo na kratko predstavili vzorčni načrt in način vzorčenja za potrebe raziskave Mladina 2010.
We describe the progress of field surveys by household, and then analyse in detail the level of response and the reasons for non-participation in the research.
Opisali bomo potek terenskega anketiranja po gospodinjstvih ter v nadaljevanju podrobneje razčlenili stopnjo odzivnosti in razloge za nesodelovanje v raziskavi.
We also describe and explain the process of weighting the data.
Prav tako bomo opisali in razložili postopek uteževanja podatkov.
Through weighting, we have harmonised the sample data with the composition of the target population according to key demographic variables.
Z uteževanjem smo podatke vzorca uskladili s sestavo ciljne populacije po ključnih demografskih spremenljivkah.
At the end of the chapter we also discuss the sample error and set out a calculation of standard evaluation errors and confidence intervals.
Na koncu poglavja bomo spregovorili še o vzorčni napaki ter predstavili izračun standardnih napak ocen in intervalov zaupanja.
1.1.1 Sampling plan
1.1.1 Vzorčni načrt
The target population for the Youth 2010 survey is all people with permanent residence in the Republic of Slovenia aged between 15 and 29 years on 26 July 2010.
Ciljno populacijo raziskave Mladina 2010 predstavljajo vsi prebivalci s stalnim prebivališčem v Republiki Sloveniji, ki so bili na dan 26. 7. 2010 stari med 15 in 29 let.
Sampling was conducted on the basis of data from the central population register of Slovenia, and the target population was first stratified into 12 statistical regions and six types of settlement (1: non-farming settlement of less than 2,000 inhabitants, 2: farming settlement of less than 2,000 inhabitants, 3: settlement of between 2,000 and 10,000 inhabitants, 4: settlement of more than 10,000 inhabitants, 5: Maribor, 6: Ljubljana).
Vzorčenje je potekalo na podlagi podatkov centralnega registra prebivalcev Slovenije, ciljna populacija pa je bila predhodno stratificirana glede na 12 statističnih regij in 6 tipov naselja (1: nekmečko naselje pod 2.000 prebivalcev, 2: kmečko naselje pod 2.000 prebivalcev; 3: naselje med 2.000 in 10.000 prebivalcev, 4: naselje nad 10.000 prebivalcev, 5: Maribor, 6: Ljubljana).
This means that in each statistical region we sampled on the basis of all represented types of settlement (46 strata in all).
To pomeni, da smo v vsaki statistični regiji vzorčili na podlagi vseh zastopanih tipov naselja (skupaj 46 stratumov).
Persons/sampling units were selected for the sample by means of twolevel sampling.
Osebe/vzorčne enote so bile v vzorec izbrane s pomočjo dvostopenjskega vzorčenja.
On the first level, based on a cluster of enumeration areas (CEA) we selected 200 primary sampling units (PSU) or sampling points available from the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia for making up samples.
Na prvi stopnji je bilo na podlagi skupnih popisnih okolišev (Cluster of Enumeration Areas- CEA) izbranih 200 primarnih vzorčnih enot (Primary Sampling Unit- PSU) oz. vzorčnih točk, s katerimi razpolagajo na Statističnem uradu Republike Slovenije, da se izdelajo vzorci.