natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Previous research has also shown that there are certain key factors of civil society activity.
Pretekle raziskave so pokazale tudi, da obstajajo nekateri ključni dejavniki civilnodružbenega delovanja.
Where we might envisage for conventional political participation, on the basis of previous studies (Parry et al., 1992; Rosenstone and Hansen 1993; Verba et al., 2003; Vasaallo, 2006), that males are more frequently politically active (although it has been seen in Youth 2010 that there are no differences between genders), more recent research of civil society participation shows that women participate more in voluntary activities (Schlozman et al., 1995; Krishnamurthy et al., 2001; Inglehart and Norris, 2005; Norris et al., 2006: 298).
Če bi za konvencionalno politično participacijo na podlagi preteklih študij (Parry et al., 1992; Rosenstone in Hansen 1993; Verba et al., 2003; Vasaallo, 2006) lahko predvideli, da se moški pogosteje politično udejstvujejo (vendar se je v Mladini 2010 izkazalo, da razlik med spoloma ni), pa novejše raziskave civilnodružbene participacije kažejo, da ženske v prostovoljnih dejavnostih bolj sodelujejo (Schlozman et al., 1995; Krishnamurthy et al., 2001; Inglehart in Norris, 2005; Norris et al., 2006: 298).
In addition to age and gender, particularly important factors of voluntary activity have been observed to be education, income and place of residence (Barnes, 1977; Halman and Luijkx, 2006; MacFarland and Thomas, 2006; White and Gager, 2007; Van der Meer et al., 2008).
Poleg starosti in spola so se kot posebej pomembni dejavniki prostovoljnih dejavnosti izkazali še izobrazba, dohodek in kraj bivanja (Barnes, 1977; Halman in Luijkx, 2006; MacFarland in Thomas, 2006; White in Gager, 2007; Van der Meer et al., 2008).
Below we analyse: 1) the extent of voluntarism among Slovenian youth; 2) longitudinal trends (changes) of willingness to be active in civil society; 3) the levels of voluntarism among Slovenian youth compared to German youth; 4) psychosocial correlates and 5) socio-demographic factors of frequency of voluntary activities.
V nadaljevanju analiziramo: 1) obseg prostovoljstva med slovensko mladino; 2) longitudinalne trende (spremembe) pripravljenosti na civilnodružbeno delovanje; 3) ravni prostovoljstva slovenske mladine v primerjavi z nemško mladino; 4) psihosocialne korelate in 5) sociodemografske dejavnike pogostosti prostovoljnih dejavnosti.
52 The expresions “voluntary activities” and “civil society” participation are used alternately in this study.
53 Izraza »prostovoljne dejavnosti« in »civilnodružbena« participacija v tem prispevku uporabljamo izmenjaje.
5.2.2 Frequency of voluntary activities
5.2.2 Pogostost prostovoljnih dejavnosti
The Youth 2010 survey included several indicators of young people's voluntary activities, and they all fall into the basic conceptual framework of voluntary activities and civil society participation: 1) non-formal work or activities, generally in cooperation with others, in order to deal with specific issues, and 2) membership in voluntary societies and organisations (Keeter et al., 2002).
V raziskavo Mladina 2010 je bilo vključenih več kazalnikov prostovoljnih dejavnosti mladih, vsi pa spadajo v osnovni okvir pojmovanja prostovoljnih dejavnosti oz. civilnodružbene participacije: 1) neformalno opravljanje dela oz. dejavnosti, praviloma v sodelovanju z drugimi, da bi se rešila posamezna vprašanja, ter2) članstvo v prostovoljnih društvih in organizacijah (Keeter et al., 2002).
In the graph below we present eight forms of voluntary activities of Slovenian youth, and for five of them we also have comparable data from the German youth survey Shell 2010.
V spodnjem grafikonu prikazujemo osem oblik prostovoljnih dejavnostih slovenske mladine, za pet od njih imamo na voljo tudi primerljive podatke nemške študije mladine Shell 2010.
Graph 71: Voluntary activities of young people, Youth 2010 and Shell 2010
Grafikon 71: Prostovoljne dejavnosti mladih, Mladina 2010 in Shell
Proportion of young people that are “sometimes” or “often” active in the following voluntary activities, Youth 2010 and Shell 2010
Delež mladih, ki so »včasih« ali »pogosto« aktivni v naštetih prostovoljnih dejavnostih, Mladina 2010 in Shell 2010
Active for protection of environment and animals
Aktivni za mladinske interese in mlade
Active for other aims and organistions
Aktivni v gasilskem društvu
Active in ﬁ reﬁ ghting society
Aktivni pri tabornikih ali skavtih
A comparison of five indicators (where we analyse the proportion of young people that are “sometimes” or “often” active in the given voluntary activities) shows that Slovenian youth are more active in four forms of activity, most commonly in activities linked to the safety and upkeep of the location where the respondent resides (68.6 percent of young peo
Primerjava petih kazalnikov (kjer analiziramo delež mladih, ki je »včasih« ali »pogosto« dejaven v navedenih prostovoljnih dejavnostih) pokaže, da je slovenska mladina dejavnejša v štirih oblikah dejavnosti, najpogosteje v dejavnostih, povezanih z varnostjo in urejenostjo kraja, v katerem biva anketiranec (68,6 odstotka mladih), ter z mladinskimi interesi in mladimi (67,2 odstotka).
The low commitment of young people in this case should probably be ascribed to conventional “political” activity, which as we have seen in the previous chapter, Slovenian youth perceive to be mainly negative (a low level of trust in political officials and institutions, low conventional participation and so forth).
Majhno zavzetost mladih gre v tem primeru bržkone pripisati konvencionalnemu »političnemu« delovanju, ki ga, kot smo videli v prejšnjem poglavju, slovenska mladina zaznava kot pretežno negativno (nizka stopnja zaupanja v politične funkcionarje in institucije, nizka konvencionalna participacija itd.).
The data also show that around a quarter of Slovenian youth are active in firefighting societies, and just under 17 percent in the scouts.
Podatki kažejo tudi, da je približno četrtina slovenske mladine dejavna v gasilskih društvih, slabih 17 odstotkov pa pri tabornikih ali skavtih.
The graph therefore points to a relatively high level of civil society activity among young people in Slovenia, especially compared to German youth, which is also in line with the results of the European youth survey, whereby young Slovenians attain the highest level of voluntary activity compared to other EU Member States (Flash Eurobarometer 202, 2007).
Grafikon torej kaže na razmeroma visoko raven civilnodružbenega delovanja mladih v Sloveniji, še posebej v primerjavi z nemško mladino, kar je skladno tudi z izsledki raziskave evropske mladine, po kateri slovenska mladina dosega najvišje stopnje prostovoljnega udejstvovanja tudi v primerjavi z drugimi državami članicami EU (Flash Eurobarometer 202, 2007).
Equally, we checked the extent to which Slovenian youth (compared to EU-27 youth) are members of voluntary organisations.
Prav tako smo preverili, koliko je slovenska mladina (v primerjavi z mladino EU-27) včlanjena v prostovoljne organizacije.
Data in the graph below indicate that in 12 out of 15 indicators, Slovenian youth attain a higher level of membership.
Podatki v spodnjem grafikonu kažejo, da je slovenska mladina pri12 od 15kazalnikov dosega višji delež članstva.
The biggest differences involving membership and favouring Slovenian youth are in two types of organisation that have the most members: sports/recreation organisations and cultural organisations.
Največje razlike glede članstva v prid slovenski mladini so pri dveh vrstah organizacij, ki imata največ članov: športne/rekreativne organizacije in kulturne organizacije.
Among Slovenian youth the only notably lower membership is in political parties, which accords with the results in the sub-chapter Political participation.
Pri slovenski mladini je občutno nižje le članstvo v političnih strankah, kar je skladno z izsledki v podpoglavju Politična participacija.
Graph 72: Young people's membership of voluntary organisations, Slovenia and EU-27
Grafikon 72: Članstvo mladih v prostovoljnih organizacijah, Slovenija in EU-27
Sport and recreation Education, art, music, culture
Šport in rekreacija Izobraževanje, umetnost, glasba, kultura ...
Work with youth (scouts, youth clubs)
Delo z mladino (taborniki, skavti, mladinski klubi...)
Religious or church organisations
Verske ali cerkvene organizacije
Other groups
Druge skupine
Concern for elderly, at-risk people, disabled and otherwise affected people
Skrb za starejše, za ljudi v stiski, za invalide in drugače prizadete ljudi
Professional associations
Poklicna združenja
Voluntary organisations involved in healthcare Human rights or Third World development
Prostovoljne organizacije, ki se ukvarjajo s skrbjo za zdravje Človekove pravice ali razvoj tretjega sveta
Political parties or groups
Politične stranke ali skupine
Peace movements
Mirovna gibanja
Poverty, employment, housing, refugees in local community
Revščina, zaposlovanje, stanovanja, begunci v lokalni skupnosti
Women's groups
Ženske skupine
Slovenia EU27
Slovenija EU27
In the graph below we show an analysis of a different indicator of voluntary activity: the willingness or otherwise to take part in voluntary activities is compared to data from the Youth 1995 and Youth 2010 surveys.
V grafikonu spodaj prikazujemo analizo drugačnega kazalnika prostovoljnega delovanja: (ne)pripravljenost mladih za udejstvovanje v prostovoljnih dejavnostih, primerjamo pa podatke raziskav Mladina 1995 in Mladina 2010.
Before looking at the results, we should point out: 1) in both surveys just three indicators were presented, so a longitudinal comparison is possible only in those three; 2) in the Youth 1995 survey, two responses were offered regarding willingness to perform voluntary activities: »I would participate« (1) and »I would not participate« (2).
Preden si pogledamo izsledke, je treba omeniti: 1) v obeh raziskavah so bili zastavljeni le trije kazalniki, zato je longitudinalna primerjava mogoča le pri njih; 2) v raziskavi Mladina 1995 sta bila mogoča odgovora na pripravljenost opravljanja prostovoljnih dejavnosti »bi sodeloval« (1) in »ne bi sodeloval« (2).
In the graph the Youth 1995 data therefore show the proportion of young people that »would not participate” in the given activity, while Youth 2010 shows the
V grafikonu podatki raziskave Mladine 1995 tako prikazujejo delež mladih, ki »ne bi sodelovali« v navedeni dejavnosti, podatki Mladine 2010 pa delež mladih, ki v nave
proportion of young people that “certainly would not participate” in the given activity; 3) the Youth 1995 survey covered students of Ljubljana and Maribor universities, while Youth 2010 shows the average values for all students in the Youth 2010 sample.
denih dejavnostih »zagotovo ne bi sodeloval«; 3) raziskava Mladina 1995je zajela študente ljubljanske in mariborske univerze, Mladina 2010 pa prikazuje povprečne vrednosti vseh študentov v vzorcu Mladine 2010.
In the graph below, voluntary activities are classified according to level of willingness/frequency from greatest to smallest (we should bear in mind that the values show those that would not participate in the specific activities).
Prostovoljne dejavnosti so v spodnjem grafikonu razvrščene po stopnji pripravljenosti/pogostosti od največje do najmanjše (ne pozabimo, da vrednosti prikazujejo tiste, ki v posameznih dejavnostih ne bi sodelovali).
Graph 73: Proportion of young people that “would not participate” in the given voluntary activities, Youth 2010 and Youth 1995, students
Grafikon 73: Delež mladih, ki »ne bi sodelovali« v navedenih prostovoljnih dejavnostih, Mladina 2010 in Mladina 1995, študenti
Helping peers study
Pomoč vrstnikom/cam pri učenju
Advising peers in difficulty
Svetovanje vrstnikom/cam v težavah
Help for older people
Pomoč starejšim ljudem
Help for physically and/or mentally disabled
Pomoč telesno in/ali duševno prizadetim
Help for refugees
Pomoč beguncem
SOURCES: Youth 2010 and Youth 1995
VIRA: Mladina 2010 in Mladina 1995
The data show that in 2010 young people were most willing to help their peers study (only 2.5 percent would not help), to advise their peers if they were in difficulty (just 3.8 percent of young people would not offer advice), and to help older people (just 4.6 percent would not be willing to help them).
Podatki kažejo, da so mladi v 2010 najbolj pripravljeni pomagati vrstnikom pri učenju (le 2,5 odstotka jim ne bi pomagalo), svetovati vrstnikom, če se ti znajdejo v težavah (le 3,8 odstotka mladih jim ne bi svetovalo), ter pomagati starejšim (le 4,6 odstotka jim ni pripravljeno pomagati).
The last two places in terms of willingness to do voluntary activities relate to helping persons with physical and mental disabilities (11.7 percent of young people “would not participate” in such voluntary activity) and helping refugees (30.3 percent of young people would not help them as part of voluntary activities).
Na zadnjih dveh mestih po pripravljenosti za prostovoljne dejavnosti sta pomoč telesno in duševno prizadetim (11,7 odstotka mladih zagotovo »ne bi sodelovalo« v takih prostovoljnih dejavnostih) ter pomoč beguncem (30,3 odstotka mladih jim ne bi pomagalo v prostovoljnih dejavnostih).
To conclude: in 2010 we therefore perceive a significant increase in the willingness to help older people and physically/mentally disabled persons and refugees.
Če sklenemo: v 2010 torej zaznavamo bistveno povečanje pripravljenosti pomagati starejšim ter telesno/duševno prizadetim in beguncem.
Compared to 1995, Slovenian youth are signiﬁ cantly more active in the voluntary sphere, and are also signiﬁ cantly more active than German youth.
Slovenska mladina je v primerjavi s 1995 bistveno dejavnejša na področju prostovoljstva, bistveno dejavnejša pa je tudi v primerjavi z nemško mladino.
An analysis of the averages, which we do not show, has indicated that compared to protest forms of participation, voluntary activities have higher average values.
Analiza povprečij, ki je ne prikazujemo, je še pokazala, da imajo v primerjavi s protestnimi oblikami participacije prostovoljne dejavnosti višje povprečne vrednosti.
Behind protest activities comes just the frequency or willingness to help refugees, although in its average value this does not differ significantly from protest participation.
Za protestnimi dejavnostmi zaostaja le pogostost oz. pripravljenost pomagati beguncem, ki pa se sicer po povprečni vrednosti od protestne participacije bistveno ne razlikuje.
If we know from the findings of the sub-chapter Political participation that protest activity is more popular among young people than conventional political participation, we may conclude that voluntary activities are those forms of activity in society that are most common among young people.
Če iz izsledkov podpoglavja Politična participacija vemo, da je protestna dejavnost med mladimi bolj priljubljena kot konvencionalna politična participacija, lahko sklenemo, da so prostovoljne dejavnosti tiste oblike družbenega delovanja, ki so med mladimi najpogostejše.
This is also illustrated by the responses of two Youth 2010 interviewees to the question, when are you politically or socially active.
To ponazorita tudi odgovora dveh od udeleženk intervjujev v Mladini 2010 na vprašanje, kdaj sta politično ali družbeno dejavni.
“I don't know… I like to help if I can.
»Kaj pa vem… Rada grem pomagat, če je.
I was selling drinks at some football event for free… I take part in the Let's Clean Skorba project… I help serve tables at the drama workshop for free, I also do the cleaning up… I help friends at home, grape picking, for example… I'd like to give blood, but I haven't had the chance…”
Šla sem nogometašem na miting prodajat pijačo zastonj… Sodelujem pri projektu Očistimo Skorbo… v dramskem krožku tudi brezplačno pomagam strečt pijačo, pospravlat… kolegom pomagam doma, na trgatvi recimo… Rada bi šla na krvodajalsko, pa ne pridem zraven…«
“If political work was tied to minority issues and I got work that I'm qualified to do, so it would make sense for the minority and for our town.
»Če bi bilo politično delo vezano na zadeve manjšine in če bi dobila delo, za katerega sem sposobna, da bi to imelo smisel za manjšino in za naš kraj.
But if it was just politics in general, that would be a waste of time.”
Da pa bi šlo samo za politiko kot tako, pa je zapravljanje časa.
“Volunteering comes from within yourself, you just want to help somebody.
»Prostovoljstvo izhaja iz tebe samega, da hočeš nekomu pomagati.
If it was formalised, like work references, for instance, abuse would be possible.
Če bi ga formalizirali, na primer kot reference pri delu, se pojavi nevarnost zlorabe.
There's a strong drive when it's informal.
Neformalno pa je stvar posebno močna.
Both should be (adequately) related.”
Oboje bi bilo potrebno (ustrezno) povezati.
But for young people everything is too fragmented.
Je pa med mladimi vse preveč parcialno.
Demonstrations, for example - the effect was negative, but it had mass.
Demonstracije na primer - efekt je bil negativen, bila pa je masa.
There are too many youth societies and clubs that are separated, so who should the politicians talk to if they want a proper grasp of young people's views?”
Preveč je mladinskih društev in klubov, ki so ločeni, in s kom se naj pogovarjajo politiki, da bo pravilno dojeto stališče mladih.
In addition to their involvement in employment and education, voluntary activities are the main mechanism for social inclusion in Slovenia.
Poleg vključenosti v zaposlitev in izobraževanje so prostovoljne dejavnosti osrednji mehanizem socialne vključenosti v Sloveniji.
5.2.3 Willingness to act for social change
5.2.3 Pripravljenost delovanja za družbene spremembe
More precisely, we asked young people how far they were “willing to engage in implementing social change”.
Naslednji kazalniki prostovoljnih dejavnosti mladih se nanaša na njihovo pripravljenost za družbeno delovanje.
Since the Youth 1995 survey was conducted among students, we show a comparison of data relating only to student samples.
Ker je bila raziskava Mladina 1995 izvedena na študentih, prikazujemo primerjavo podatkov, ki se nanašajo le na študentske vzorce.
Graph 74: Willingness of students to be active in society, Youth 2010 and Youth 1995
Grafikon 74: Pripravljenost študentov na družbeno delovanje, Mladina 2010 in Mladina 1995
I'm willing to be involved in all actions that bring change to society I'm willing to be involved only in those actions that can change the status of young people I'm willing to be involved only in those actions that can change my personal status
Pripravljen/a sem se angažirati v vseh akcijah, ki prinašajo spremembe v družbo Pripravljen/a sem se angažirati samo v tistih akcijah, ki lahko spremenijo družbeni položaj mladih Pripravljen/a sem se angažirati samo v tistih akcijah, ki lahko spremenijo moj osebni položaj
I'm not willing to be involved at all
Sploh se nisem pripravljen/a angažirati
Youth 2010 Youth 1995
Mladina 2010 Mladina 1995
A comparison of the student populations of 1995 and 2010 in the above graph indicates that the willingness to participate in “all actions that bring social change” was slightly lower in 2010 (falling from 48.7 to 44.4 percent), while students showed an increased willingness to participate in action that would change the “status of young people” (from 17.2 percent to 27 percent), which points directly to the high identification of young people with their age group and their willingness to act in the interests of young people as a group.
Primerjava študentske populacije iz 1995 in 2010 v grafikonu zgoraj kaže, da se je pripravljenost za delovanje v »vseh akcijah, ki prinašajo družbene spremembe« v letu 2010 nekoliko zmanjšala (z 48,7 na 44,4 odstotka), med študenti pa se je povečala pripravljenost za delovanje, ki bi spremenilo »položaj mladih« (s 17,2 odstotka na 27 odstotkov), kar posredno kaže na visoko enačenje mladih z njihovo starostno skupino in pripravljenost za delovanje v skladu z interesi mladih kot skupine.
There has also been a slight increase in the percentage of young people who are not willing to participate in any action, while there has been a drop in the percentage of young people willing to participate only in those actions that would change their personal status.
Nekoliko je tudi narasel odstotek mladih, ki se niso pripravljeni sodelovati v nobeni akciji, upadel pa odstotek mladih, ki so pripravljeni sodelovati le v tistih akcijah, ki bi spremenile njihov osebni položaj.
Similar trends can be observed if we compare the school pupil population of the Youth 1993 survey and the same population in Youth 2010 (not shown).
Podobne trende zaznamo, če primerjamo dijaško populacijo raziskave Mladini 1993 in dijaško populacijo raziskave Mladina 2010 (ni prikazano).
We can summarise the presented results to the effect that the general willingness of students to take action for all social change has declined, but students are at the same time more willing to fight for the improvement of their status (as a group).
Glede na prikazane izsledke lahko povzamemo, da se je splošna pripravljenost študentov za delovanje za vse družbene spremembe zmanjšala, vendar pa so se študenti hkrati bolj pripravljeni boriti za izboljšanje svojega položaja (kot skupine).
This was also shown in 2010, albeit with a sour aftertaste, by the student demonstrations in front of the National Assembly.
Na to so v letu 2010 sicer z grenkim priokusom pokazale tudi študentske demonstracije pred državnim zborom.
The reduced willingness of students to improve merely the specific status of the individual indirectly shows that solidarity among them has slightly increased.
Zmanjšana pripravljenost študentov za izboljšanje zgolj individualnega položaja posameznika posredno kaže, da se je solidarnost med njimi nekoliko povečala.
In this sense the value of egalitarianism, which is in fact a characteristic of post-communist societies and relates primarily to the economic sphere, can also be observed in the sociopolitical sphere of young people.
V tem smislu je vrednota egalitarizma, ki je sicer značilnost pokomunističnih družb in se nanaša predvsem na ekonomsko področje, zaznana tudi na družbenopolitičnem področju mladih.
In the past 15 years there has been a pronounced increase in the willingness of students to participate in actions that improve the status of young people.
V zadnjih petnajstih letih se je močno povečala pripravljenost študentov za sodelovanje v akcijah, ki bi izboljšale položaj mladih.
5.2.4 Dimensions of voluntary activities
5.2.4 Razsežnosti prostovoljnih dejavnosti
Before analysing the factors and correlates of voluntary activities, the dimensions of these activities need to be examined.
Pred analizo dejavnikov in korelatov prostovoljnih dejavnosti je treba preučiti še razsežnost dejavnosti.
Below we therefore present the factor structure of young people's voluntary activities, specifically relating to 13 indicators of activity.
Spodaj zato najprej prikazujemo faktorsko strukturo prostovoljnih dejavnosti mladih, in sicer na trinajstih kazalnikih delovanja.
The factor analysis (table below) showed that young people's voluntary activities can be categorised into four dimensions, which we have named: 1) help for peers and older people, 2) environmental activities, 3) volunteering through societies and 4) help for the marginalised.
Faktorska analiza (preglednica spodaj) je pokazala, da se prostovoljne dejavnosti mladih razvrščajo v štiri razsežnosti, ki smo jih poimenovali: 1) pomoč vrstnikom in starejšim; 2) okoljevarstvene dejavnosti, 3) društveno prostovoljstvo in 4) pomoč marginaliziranim.
When we performed the factor analysis of the second class of the four created factors, one single latent dimension of voluntarism emerged.
Ko smo izvedli faktorsko analizo drugega reda na štirih nastalih faktorjih, se je izrisala ena sama latentna razsežnost prostovoljstva.
Below we correlate the four factors with their factor scores through a series of psychosocial constructs.
Štiri faktorje z njihovimi faktorskimi vrednostmi (angl. factor scores) v nadaljevanju koreliramo z vrsto psihosocialnih konstruktov.
Table 12: Factor structure of young people's voluntary activities, Youth 2010
Preglednica 12: Faktorska struktura prostovoljnih dejavnosti mladih, Mladina 2010