natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Advice for peers in difficulty Helping peers to study
Svetovanje vrstnikom/-cam v težavah
Help for older people
Pomoč vrstnikom/-cam pri učenju Pomoč starejšim ljudem
Active in protection of the environment and animals
Dejavenprivarovanju okolja in varstvu živali
Active for other aims and organisations
Dejavenv gasilskem društvu
Active in firefighting societies
Pomoč beguncem
Help for peers and older people
Pomoč vrstnikom in starejšim
5.2.5 Correlates of voluntary activities
Faktor
Factor
Okoljevarstvene dejavnosti
Environmental activity
Društveno prostovoljstvo
Volunteering through societies
Pomoč marginaliziranim skupinam
Help for margi nalised groups
5.2.5 Korelati prostovoljnih dejavnosti
Authoritarianism
Avtoritarnost
Narcissistic grandiosity
Narcistična grandioznost
Narcissistic opportunism
Narcistična izkoriščevalnost
Anomy
Anomija
Orientation to the future
Usmerjenost v prihodnost
Orientation to the present (hedonistic)
Usmerjenost v sedanjost (hedonistična)
Orientation to the present (fatalistic) Deviance
Usmerjenost v sedanjost (fatalistična)
Authoritative socialisation
Deviantnost
Authoritarian socialisation
Avtoritativna socializacija Avtoritarna socializacija
Permissive socialisation
Permisivna socializacija
Political participation
Politična participacija
Civil society participation
Civilnodružbena participacija
At the same time, three dimensions of voluntarism are negatively associated with narcissistic opportunism, while volunteering through societies is positively associated with it.
Prav tako so tri razsežnosti prostovoljstva negativno povezane z narcistično izkoriščevalnostjo, je društveno prostovoljstvo pa je z njo povezano pozitivno.
Help for peers and older people, and help for marginalised groups are positively associated with social tolerance, while volunteering through societies is associated negatively with it.
Pomoč vrstnikom in starejšim ter pomoč marginaliziranim skupinam sta pozitivno povezani s socialno strpnostjo, društveno prostovoljstvo pa je z njo povezano negativno.
Apart from volunteering through societies, the other three dimensions are positively associated with an orientation to the future.
Razen društvenega prostovoljstva so preostale tri razsežnosti pozitivno povezane z usmerjenostjo v prihodnost.
Volunteering through societies is also positively associated with a hedonistic and fatalistic orientation to the present.
Društveno prostovoljstvo je prav tako pozitivno povezane s hedonistično in fatalistično usmerjenostjo v sedanjost.
Volunteering through societies is relatively strongly associated also with deviance (r = 0.195; p < 0.001), while help for peers and older people is associated negatively with deviance (r = -0.093; p < 0.001).
Društveno prostovoljstvo je sorazmerno močno povezano še z deviantnostjo (r = 0,195; p < 0,001), pomoč vrstnikom in starejšim pa je z deviantnostjo povezana negativno (r = -0,093; p < 0,001).
It is also noteworthy that an authoritative socialisation increases the frequency of help for peers and older people, while authoritative and permissive socialisations reduce it.
Zanimivo je tudi, da avtoritativna socializacija povečuje pogostost pomoči vrstnikom in starejšim, avtoritarna in permisivna pa jo nižata.
The sample is the other way around in volunteering through societies, which is increased by authoritarian and permissive socialisation.
Vzorec je obraten pri društvenem prostovoljstvu, ki ga višata avtoritarna in permisivna socializacija.
Young people that are more often involved in societies are also less satisfied with their health and more frequently feel stress.
Mladi, ki so pogosteje vključeni v društva, so prav tako manj zadovoljni s svojim zdravjem in pogosteje čutijo stres.
Help for peers and older people is the only dimension of voluntarism associated positively with greater satisfaction with life (r = 0.171; p < 0.001).
Pomoč vrstnikom in starejšim je edina razsežnost prostovoljstva, ki je pozitivno povezana z večjim zadovoljstvom z življenjem (r = 0,171; p < 0,001).
Apart from helping marginalised groups, socially excluded people participate more rarely in the other three dimensions of voluntarism.
Razen pri pomoči marginaliziranim skupinam v preostalih treh razsežnostih prostovoljstva socialno izključeni redkeje sodelujejo.
Given the large number of connections between volunteering through societies and indicators of less adjusted psychosocial development of adolescents, we also performed correlation analyses while controlling sociodemographic variables.
Glede na veliko število povezav med društvenim prostovoljstvom in kazalniki manj prilagojenega psihosocialnega razvoja mladostnikov smo korelacijske analize izvedli še ob kontroli sociodemografskih spremenljivk.
The strength of the association generally did not change significantly, but the coefficients remained statistically significant.
Moč povezanosti se praviloma ni bistveno spremenila, koeficienti pa so ostali statistično značilni.
Voluntary activities are mainly associated with the more adjusted psychosocial development of young people.
Prostovoljne dejavnosti so pretežno povezane z bolj prilagojenim psihosocialnim razvojem mladih.
A willingness to help peers and older people is associated primarily with indicators of more adjusted development, while membership in voluntary societies (ﬁ reﬁ ghters, scouts etc.) is generally associated with negative indicators of development.
Pripravljenost pomagati vrstnikom in starejšim je predvsem povezana s kazalniki bolj prilagojenega razvoja, članstvo v prostovoljnih društvih (gasilska društva, taborniki ipd.) pa pretežno z negativnimi kazalniki razvoja.
of lower adjustment of members of voluntary societies should probably be ascribed to self-selection mechanisms.
Vzroke manjši prilagojenosti članov prostovoljnih društev gre verjetno pripisati samoselekcijskim mehanizmom.
5.2.6 Socio-demographic factors of voluntarism
5.2.6 Sociodemografski dejavniki prostovoljstva
The following have been observed to be statistically significant sociodemographic factors of voluntary activities: female gender on the total, latent dimension of voluntarism and in two sub-dimensions - help for peers and older people (r = 0.169; p < 0.001) and help for marginalised groups (r = 0.158; p < 0.001).
Za statistično značilne sociodemografske dejavnike prostovoljnih dejavnosti so se izkazali: ženski spol na skupni, latentni razsežnosti prostovoljstva in na dveh subdimenzijah - pomoč vrstnikom in starejšim (r = 0,169; p < 0,001) ter pomoč marginaliziranim skupinam (r = 0,158; p < 0,001).
Greater age is associated with environmental activities (r = 0.099; p < 0.001) and help for marginalised groups (r = 0.239; p < 0.001).
Višja starost je povezana z okoljevarstvenimi dejavnostmi (r = 0,099; p < 0,001) in pomočjo marginaliziranim skupinam (r = 0,239; p < 0,001).
Respondent's education is associated with three forms of voluntarism (0.079 < r < 0.111; p < 0.01), the exception being only volunteering through societies, where there are no statistically significant differences.
Izobrazba anketiranca je povezana s tremi oblikami prostovoljstva (0,079 < r < 0,111; p < 0,01), izjema je le društveno prostovoljstvo, pri katerem ni statistično značilnih razlik.
Young people who live (or grew up) in the countryside are more frequently active in three dimensions of voluntarism (0.059 < r < 0.109; p < 0.05), with just help for marginalised groups being more frequently provided by young people from urban environments (r = 0.083; p < 0.01).
Mladostniki, ki prebivajo (ali so odraščali) na podeželju, so pogosteje dejavni na treh razsežnostih prostovoljstva (0,059 < r < 0,109; p < 0,05), le marginaliziranim skupinam pogosteje pomagajo mladi iz urbanih okolji (r = 0,083; p < 0,01).
The respondent's perception of the economic status of his family is positively associated with environmental activities and help for marginalised groups (0.105 < r < 0.189; p < 0.001).
Anketirančeva zaznava ekonomskega statusa njegove družine je pozitivno povezana z okoljevarstvenimi dejavnostmi in pomočjo marginaliziranim skupinam (0,105 < r < 0,189; p < 0,001).
Some previous surveys of Slovenian secondary school pupils and students accord fairly well with our findings, but they also point out that there are social barriers to young people's social participation (such as the perception that “young people don't get support for their ideas” or that “young people are not accepted as equal partners in decision-making”).
Nekatere pretekle raziskave slovenskih srednješolcev in študentov so dokaj skladne z našimi izsledki, kažejo pa tudi, da obstajajo družbene ovire za družbeno participacijo mladih (npr. zaznavanje, da »mladi ne najdejo podpore za svoje ideje« ali da »mladi niso sprejeti kot enakovredni partnerji pri odločanju«).
Being female, older, living in an urban environment, higher educational qualiﬁ cations of the respondent and higher economic status of the family are factors that positively inﬂ uence most forms of voluntarism.
Ženski spol, višja starost, prebivanje v urbanem okolju, višja izobrazba anketiranca ter višji ekonomski status družine so dejavniki, ki pozitivno vplivajo na večino oblik prostovoljstva.
5.2.7 Association between political and voluntary activities
5.2.7 Povezanost med političnimi in prostovoljni dejavnostmi
Finally we were interested in the link between voluntary activities and political participation.
Nazadnje nas je zanimala še povezanost med prostovoljnimi dejavnostmi in politično participacijo.
The results confirm this, since the link between the total, latent dimension of voluntarism and political participation is relatively strong and positive (r = 0.262; r < 0.001).
Izsledki to potrjujejo, saj je povezanost med skupno, latentno razsežnostjo prostovoljstva in politično participacijo sorazmerno močna in pozitivna (r = 0,262; r < 0,001).
Out of four sub-dimensions of voluntarism, the associations are ranked as follows in strength: volunteering through societies (r = 0.339; r < 0.001), environmental activities (r = 0.168; r < 0.001), help for marginalised groups (r = 0.138; r < 0.001) and help for peers and older people (r = 0.061; r < 0.001).
Od štirih subdimenzij prostovoljstva si po moči povezave sledijo: društveno prostovoljstvo (r = 0,339; r < 0,001), okoljevarstvene dejavnosti (r = 0,168; r < 0,001), pomoč marginaliziranim skupinam (r = 0,138; r < 0,001) ter pomoč vrstnikom in starejšim (r = 0,061; r < 0,001).
Political and voluntary activities are relatively strongly associated positively with each other.
Politične in prostovoljne dejavnosti so med seboj sorazmerno močno pozitivno povezane.
53 Thus for instance young people can show their own competence (knowledge, skills, abilities) acquired through various forms of activity (voluntary work, courses, conferences, projects, workshops, seminars etc.) on the Slovenian website Nefiks.
54 Tako lahko npr. mladi na slovenski spletni strani Nefiks predstavljajo svoje lastne kompetence (znanje, spretnosti, sposobnosti), ki jih pridobijo z različnimi oblikami dejavnosti (prostovoljno delo, tečaji, konference, projekti, delavnice, seminarji ipd.).
This kind of project of referencing, acknowledging and establishing non-formally acquired knowledge can additionally stimulate young people to greater civil society and non-formal activity, which can have positive effects not just on the individual/young person, but for all of society.
Tak projekt evidentiranja, priznavanja in uveljavljanja neformalno pridobljenega znanja lahko mlade dodatno spodbudi k večjemu civilnodružbenemu in neformalnemu delovanju, ki ima lahko pozitivne učinke ne le za posameznika/mladostnika, ampak za celotno družbo.
5.2.8 Key ﬁ ndings
5.2.8 Ključne ugotovitve
1. Compared to 1995, Slovenian youth are significantly more active in the voluntary sphere, and are also significantly more active than German youth.
1. Slovenska mladina je v primerjavi s 1995 bistveno dejavnejša na področju prostovoljstva, bistveno bolj pa tudi v primerjavi z nemško mladino.
2. Out of all forms of participation, young people are most frequently involved in voluntary activities.
2. Mladi se od vseh oblik participacije najpogosteje udeležujejo prostovoljnih dejavnosti.
In addition to involvement in employment and education, voluntary activities are the main mechanism for social inclusion in Slovenia.
Poleg vključenosti v zaposlitev in izobraževanje so prostovoljne dejavnosti osrednji mehanizem socialne vključenosti v Sloveniji.
3. In the past 15 years there has been a major increase in the willingness of students to participate in actions that improve the status of young people.
3. V zadnjih petnajstih letih se je močno povečala pripravljenost študentov za sodelovanje pri dejavnostih, ki bi izboljšale položaj mladih.
4. Voluntary activities are mainly associated with the more adjusted psychosocial development of young people.
4. Prostovoljne dejavnosti so pretežno povezane z bolj prilagojenim psihosocialnim razvojem mladih.
A willingness to help peers and older people is associated primarily with indicators of more adjusted development, while membership in voluntary societies (firefighters, scouts etc.) is generally associated with negative indicators of development.
Pripravljenost pomagati vrstnikom in starejšim je predvsem povezana s kazalniki bolj prilagojenega razvoja, članstvo v prostovoljnih društvih (gasilska društva, taborniki ipd.) pa pretežno z negativnimi kazalniki razvoja.
5. Being female, older, living in an urban environment, higher educational qualifications of the respondent and higher economic status of the family are factors that positively influence most forms of voluntarism.
5. Ženski spol, višja starost, prebivanje v urbanem okolju, višja izobrazba anketiranca ter višji ekonomski status družine so dejavniki, ki pozitivno vplivajo na večino oblik prostovoljstva.
6. Political and voluntary activities are relatively strongly associated positively with each other.
6. Politične in prostovoljne dejavnosti so med seboj sorazmerno močno pozitivno povezane.
5.2.9 Sources used Barnes, S. H. (1977).
5.2.9 Uporabljeni viri Barnes, S. H. (1977).
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5.3 Social exclusion
5.3 Socialna izključenost
5.3.1 Introduction
5.3.1 Uvod
Social exclusion is a multi-dimensional concept (Aasland and Fløtten, 2001) that is subject to varying definitions (Atkinson et al., 2002), partly because it overlaps with certain other concepts.
Socialna izključenost je večdimenzionalni koncept (Aasland in Fløtten, 2001), ki ga avtorji različno opredeljujejo (Atkinson et al., 2002), med drugim tudi zato, ker se delno prekriva z nekaterimi drugimi koncepti.
A single definition and conceptualisation are therefore not just impossible, but also undesirable (Christian and Abrams, 2007: xiii).
Enotna opredelitev in konceptualizacija tako nista le nemogoči, ampak tudi nista zaželeni (Christian in Abrams, 2007: xiii).
In general, social exclusion is conceived as the involuntary exclusion/ separation of individuals and groups from political, economic and social processes, thereby preventing their full participation in the society in which they live (Marlier and Atkinson, 2010).
Socialna izključenost se v splošnem pojmuje kot neprostovoljna izključenosti/izločenost posameznikov in skupin iz političnih, ekonomskih in družbenih procesov, s čimer je preprečena njihova polna udeležba v družbi, v kateri živijo (Marlier in Atkinson, 2010).
As Carter says (2003: 24), social exclusion is a dynamic process, since it is linked to modern processes in society that can cause the exclusion of individual groups and individuals whom organisations and institutions then push to the margins (Susinos, 2007; see also Skalli, 2001: 75; Bonell et al., 2003: 871; Abrams et al., 2005: 21).
Kot pravi Carter (2003: 24), je socialna izključenost dinamičen proces, saj je povezana s sodobnimi družbenimi procesi, ki lahko povzročijo izključenost posameznih skupin in posameznikov, ki jih tako organizacije in institucije potisnejo na obrobje (Susinos, 2007; gl. tudi Skalli, 2001: 75; Bonell et al., 2003: 871; Abrams et al., 2005: 21).
In recent years, combating social exclusion has become one of the main objectives of numerous countries in the European Union (Official Journal of the EU/C311, 2009: 8).
Boj proti socialni izključenosti je v zadnjih letih postal pomemben cilj številnih držav in Evropske unije (Uradni list EU/C311, 2009: 8).
One of the key reasons for determining its dimensions and measures to reduce it is its direct consequences.
Eden ključnih razlogov za ugotavljanje njene razsežnosti in ukrepov za njeno zmanjševanje so njene neposredne posledice.
Furthermore, in a series of experimental studies, Twenge and Baumeister (2005) report on the uniform negative effect of social exclusion.
Zanimivi so tudi izsledki nekaterih eksperimentalnih raziskav, ki kažejo, da se ob izključenosti iz družbe aktivirajo nekatere možganske reže, podobno kot ob izkušnji
Regarding an issue such as social exclusion, it is clear, therefore, that many people are calling for an integrated approach to solving this problem, which must be tackled by all of society (Watt,
Glede na pomen, ki ga ima socialna izključenost, ne preseneča, da mnogi pozivajo k celostnemu reševanju tega vprašanja, ki ga mora torej reševati celotna družba (Watt, 2001: 175).
5.3.2 Dimensions of social exclusion
5.3.2 Razsežnost socialne izključenosti
Another important dimension of social exclusion is exclusion from the labour market and/or from education.
Druga pomembna razsežnost socialna izključenosti je izključenost strga dela in/ali iz izobraževanja.
In “late modernity” (Giddens, 1991), social exclusion has become a fixed feature, while prior to this social inclusion was one of the key conditions for the functioning of the capitalist system, (e.g. the inclusion of young people in the education system and labour market), and it was intended for the functioning of the economic system and the disciplining of workers and control over them.
V »pozni modernosti« (Giddens, 1991) je socialna izključenost postala stalnica, pred tem pa je bila socialna vključenost eden ključnih pogojev delovanja kapitalističnega sistema (npr. vključenost mladih v izobraževalni sistem in na trg delovne sile), namenjena pa je bila delovanju ekonomskega sistema ter discipliniranju delavcev in nadzoru nad njimi.
In late modernity and with modern forms of production, the economic system has at its disposal a reserve force of workers, for which reason the inclusion of people in economic terms is no longer of such key importance.
V pozni modernosti in ob sodobnih oblikah produkcije pa ima ekonomski sistem na voljo rezervno armado delovne sile, zaradi česar vključenost ljudi z ekonomskega vidika ni več osrednjega pomena.
At the same time, in post-industrial societies the state has increasingly retreated from responsibility and concern for ensuring the inclusion of members of society, and this is increasingly (implicitly or explicitly) left to the market.
Hkrati se je država v poindustrijskih družbah vse bolj odmaknila od odgovornost in skrbi za zagotavljanje vključenosti članov družbe, to pa vse bolj (implicitno ali eksplicitno) prepušča trgu.
Indeed this stems from the assumption that the individual should achieve inclusion through his own decisions in the market.
Izhaja namreč iz predpostavke, naj posameznik doseže svojo vključenost z lastnimi odločitvami na trgu.
The distribution of the benefits that form the basis of social inclusion is not based on the concept of inclusion, nor does it even accord with that concept.
Porazdelitev dobrin, ki so temelj socialne vključenosti, ne temelji na pojmu vključenosti in z njim niti ni skladna.
Indeed the distribution of wealth and the market are based on maximising profit (the aim is not, therefore, the inclusion of individuals).
Porazdelitev dobrin in trg namreč temeljita na maksimiranju dobička (cilj torej ni vključenost posameznikov).
Social networks, especially within the framework of family, friends and peers, are another key component of social inclusion (Shildrick and MacDonald, 2008: 48; Aasland and Fløtten, 2001).
Socialne mreže, predvsem v okviru družine, prijateljev in vrstnikov, so še ena ključnih sestavin socialne vključenosti (Shildrick in MacDonald, 2008: 48; Aasland in Fløtten, 2001).
Strong social ties can extenuate exclusion in other areas, and thereby contribute to the individual's subjective perception of not feeling excluded (ibid.).
Močne socialne vezi tako lahko omilijo siceršnje izključenost na drugih področjih in tako pripomorejo k subjektivni zaznavi posameznika, da se sam ne počuti izključenega (prav tam).
Given the common difficulties and life situations that excluded people face, it is no surprise that individuals develop various subcultures within which they can get to grips with their status (Terpstra, 2006).
Glede na skupne težave in življenjske situacije, s katerimi se srečujejo izključeni, ne preseneča, da posamezniki razvijejo različne subkulture, v okviru katerih se spoprijemajo s svojim položajem (Terpstra, 2006).
As we have seen in the sub-chapters Political participation and Voluntary activities, there are certain factors that significantly influence political and civil society participation, and below we focus our interest on whether exclusion is affected by factors similar to those that affect both forms of participation.
Kot smo videli v podpoglavjih Politična participacija in Prostovoljne dejavnosti, obstajajo nekateri dejavniki, ki bistveno vplivajo na politično in civilnodružbeno participacijo, v nadaljevanju pa nas zanima, ali na izključenost vplivajo podobni dejavniki kot na obe obliki participacije.
5.3.3 Indicators of social exclusion
5.3.3 Kazalniki socialne izključenosti