natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
When they are no longer effective, it is extremely difficult or, in many cases, impossible to treat these infections.
Ko niso več učinkoviti, je izredno težko oziroma v številnih primerih nemogoče zdraviti te okužbe.
This is an increase from 2007 and is worrying because these antibiotics are the last treatment option available.
To je povečanje od leta 2007 in je zaskrbljujoče, saj so ti antibiotiki zadnja obstoječa možnost zdravljenja.
Between 2007 and 2015, the burden of each of the 16 antibiotic-resistant bacteria under study has increased:
Med letoma 2007 in 2015 se je povečalo breme vsake od 16 bakterij, odpornih proti antibiotikom, ki so bile zajete v študiji.
This is a worrisome trend because these bacteria can spread easily in healthcare settings if adequate infection prevention and control measures are not in place.
To je zaskrbljujoče, saj se te bakterije zlahka širijo v zdravstvenem okolju, če ni ustreznih ukrepov za preprečevanje in obvladovanje okužb.
The key messages are based on an article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases on 5 November 2018, Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis.
Ključna sporočila temeljijo na članku, objavljenem 5. novembra 2018 v reviji The Lancet Infectious Diseases: Smrti in izgubljena leta življenja zaradi bolezni, invalidnosti ali prezgodnje smrti zaradi okužb z bakterijami, odpornimi na antibiotike, v EU in Evropskem gospodarskem prostoru leta 2015: analiza na ravni populacije.
This could be minimised through adequate infection prevention and control measures, as well as antibiotic stewardship in healthcare settings.
To bi bilo mogoče zmanjšati z ustreznimi ukrepi za preprečevanje in obvladovanje okužb, pa tudi z usmerjeno rabo antibiotikov v zdravstvenih ustanovah.
The sum of these DALYs across the population, or the burden of disease, can be thought of as a measurement of the gap between current health status and an ideal health situation where the entire population lives to an advanced age, free of disease and disability.
Skupna izgubljena leta življenja zaradi bolezni, invalidnosti ali prezgodnje smrti po celotnem prebivalstvu ali breme bolezni se lahko razume kot meritev vrzeli med trenutnim zdravstvenim stanjem in idealnim zdravstvenim stanjem, v katerem bi celotno prebivalstvo živelo do visoke starosti, brez bolezni in invalidnosti.
The article estimates the burden of five types of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, (8 bacteria species, 16 antibiotic resistance-bacterium combinations) of public health concern in European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries in 2015, measured in number of cases, attributable deaths and disabilityadjusted life years (DALYs).
V članku je ocenjeno breme petih vrst okužb, ki jih povzročajo bakterije, odporne na antibiotike, (8 vrst bakterij, 16 kombinacij bakterij, odpornih na antibiotike) za javno zdravje v Evropski uniji in državah Evropskega gospodarskega prostora (EU/EGP) v letu 2015, ki se meri v številu primerov, smrti in izgubljenih let življenja zaradi bolezni, invalidnosti ali prezgodnje smrti.
Key messages: Health burden of antibiotic resistance
Zdravstveno breme zaradi odpornosti na antibiotike
The burden of infections with bacteria resistant to antibiotics on the European population is comparable to that of influenza, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS combined.
Breme okužb, ki jih povzročajo okužbe z bakterijami, odpornimi proti antibiotikom, je primerljivo s tistimi, ki jih povzročajo gripa, tuberkuloza in HIV/aids skupaj.
75% of the burden of bacteria resistant to antibiotics in Europe is due to healthcare-associated infections.
V Evropi je 75 % zdravstvenega bremena zaradi bakterij, odpornih na antibiotike, posledica okužb, povezanih z zdravstveno oskrbo.
Infections with third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli are responsible for the highest burden and more than half of these infections occur in the community.
Okužbe z bakterijo E. coli, odporno na cefalosporin tretje generacije, so odgovorne za največje breme okužb, katerih več kot polovica se pojavi v ustanovah.
One DALY can be thought of as one lost year of "healthy" life.
Izgubljeno leto življenja zaradi bolezni, invalidnosti ali prezgodnje smrti pomeni izgubljeno leto „zdravega" življenja.
The number of deaths attributable to infections with third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli increased four-fold.
Število smrti, ki jih je mogoče pripisati okužbam z bakterijo Escherichia coli (v nadaljevanju E. coli), odporno na cefalosporin tretje generacije, se je povečalo za štirikrat.
Antimicrobial stewardship targeting primary care prescribers as well as infection prevention and control interventions in primary care are therefore necessary to reduce the burden of these infections.
Zato je za zmanjšanje bremena teh okužb treba usmerjati predpisovanje antimikrobikov na ravni primarnega zdravstva, pa tudi sprejeti ukrepe za preprečevanje in nadzor okužb v primarnem zdravstvenem varstvu.
Each year, 33000 people die as a direct consequence of an infection due to bacteria resistant to antibiotics.
Vsako leto so okužbe z bakterijami, odpornimi proti antibiotikom, neposredno odgovorne za smrt 33 000 ljudi.
The number of deaths attributable to infections with Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to carbapenems - a group of last-line antibiotics - increased six fold.
Število smrti, ki jih je mogoče pripisati okužbam z bakterijo Klebsiella pneumoniae, ki je odporna proti karbapenemom, skupini antibiotikov zadnje obrambne linije,
39% of the burden is caused by infections with bacteria resistant to last-line antibiotics such as carbapenems and colistin.
Okužbe z bakterijami, odpornimi na antibiotike zadnje obrambne linije, kot so karbapenemi in kolistin povzročajo 39 % bremena.
Finally, please state ECDC as the source of this infographic.
Na koncu vas prosimo, da kot vir tega grafičnega prikaza informacij navedete ECDC.
Antibiotic resistance - an increasing threat to human health - Design files - EN - [ZIP-3.71 MB]
Odpornost proti antibiotikom - čedalje večja nevarnost za zdravje ljudi
excessively long durations of treatment.
• pretirano dolgo trajanje zdravljenja.
Core tasks to improve antibiotic use in your facility include:
Ključne naloge za izboljšanje rabe antibiotikov v vaši ustanovi so:
Avoiding diagnostic tests and cultures in asymptomatic patients [56,111].
Izogibanje diagnostičnim testom in kulturam pri asimptomatskih bolnikih [56,111].
antibiotic use in asymptomatic patients with positive cultures (colonisation);
• uporaba antibiotikov pri asimptomatskih bolnikih s pozitivnimi kulturami (kolonizacija);
Organise educational events and campaigns that provide residents with information on prudent antibiotic use.
Organizirajte izobraževalne dogodke in kampanje, ki prebivalcem nudijo informacije o preudarni rabi antibiotikov.
Key messages for long-term care facilities - physician and managers
Ključna sporočila za ustanove za dolgotrajno oskrbo [zdravniki in vodstvo]
Promote vaccination programmes for residents and staff [expert consensus].
Spodbujajte programe cepljenja za prebivalce in osebje [strokovno usklajeno].
topical antibiotics; and
• topični antibiotiki in
b) Never save antibiotics for later use;
b) antibiotikov nikoli ne shranjujejo za poznejšo uporabo;
Education of medical and nursing staff, targeting areas where antibiotic misuse is common [109,110]:
Izobraževanje zdravstvenega in negovalnega osebja, osredotočanje na področja, na katerih pogosto prihaja do zlorab antibiotikov, kot so [109,110]:
Ensure that residents (and their families) understand the reasons for antibiotic therapy, and key points related to antibiotic use, including to [expert consensus]:
Poskrbite, da bodo prebivalci (in njihovi družinski člani) razumeli razloge za zdravljenje z antibiotiki ter ključne točke v zvezi z rabo antibiotikov, pri čemer jih opozorite, naj [strokovno usklajeno]:
Follow infection prevention and control measures that are already established in your setting.
Upoštevajte ukrepe za preprečevanje in obvladovanje okužb, ki so uveljavljeni v vašem okolju.
c) Never use leftover antibiotics from previous treatments;
c) nikoli ne uporabljajo antibiotikov, ki so jim ostali od preteklih zdravljenj;
Document the indication of antibiotic treatment, drug choice, dose, route of administration and duration of treatment in the patient chart [31,42,70,71].
V bolnikovi kartoteki dokumentirajte zdravljenje z antibiotiki, vrsto zdravila, odmerek, način dajanja zdravila in trajanje zdravljenja [31,42,70,71].
Regularly organise audits/surveys of antibiotic prescribing practices and of healthcare-associated infections [93].
Redno organizirajte preglede oziroma revizije/raziskave praks predpisovanja antibiotikov in bolnišničnih okužb [93].
Ensure that cultures are taken before starting antibiotics [31,42,70,71].
Zagotovite, da se pred zdravljenjem z antibiotiki odvzamejo ustrezne kužnine [31,42,70,71].
a) Take antibiotics exactly as prescribed;
a) antibiotike jemljejo v skladu z navodili;
antibiotic prophylaxis;
• antibiotična profilaksa;
Always perform a clinical examination of the patient before prescribing an antibiotic [31].
Preden predpišete antibiotik, vedno opravite klinični pregled bolnika [31].
Take a thorough patient history when you prescribe an antibiotic, including recent antibiotic use, drug allergies, use of immunosuppressive therapy, and risk factors for antibiotic resistance (for example, recent hospitalisation, recent procedure or recent travel outside of Europe) [31].
Ko predpisujete antibiotik, opravite temeljito anamnezo bolnika, vključno z nedavno rabo antibiotikov, alergijami na zdravila, uporabo imunosupresivnih zdravil in dejavniki tveganja za odpornost proti antibiotikom (npr.
d) Never share leftover antibiotics with other residents or other people.
d) antibiotikov, ki so jim ostali, nikoli ne delijo z drugimi.
Using clinical pathways and evidence-based guidelines for diagnosing, treating and managing the most common infections (e.g. pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and urinary tract infections), and taking into account local antimicrobial susceptibility data [109].
pljučnica, okužbe zgornjih dihalnih poti, okužbe kože in mehkih tkiv, okužbe sečil) in upoštevanje lokalnih podatkov o protimikrobni občutljivosti [109];
Education of patients and their families on the risks of selecting for antibiotic-resistant bacteria when using antibiotics unnecessarily (e.g. asymptomatic bacteriuria, viral respiratory tract infections) [109,110].
Izobraževanje bolnikov in njihovih družinskih članov o tveganjih pojava bakterij, odpornih proti antibiotikom, če zdravljenje z antibiotiki je bilo nepotrebno (npr.
Implement infection prevention and control measures together with infection prevention and control professionals [expert consensus].
Skupaj s strokovnjaki za preprečevanje in obvladovanje okužb izvajajte ukrepe za preprečevanje in obvladovanje okužb.
Avoid unnecessary antibiotic prophylaxis (e.g. urinary tract infection prophylaxis) [111].
Izogibajte se nepotrebni antibiotični profilaksi (npr.
Remove this filter Type: materiālu rīkkopa
informativno gradivo, predstavitev, komplet informativnega gradiva
Tell the world what you do, in your professional or personal life, at individual or collective level, to use antibiotics responsibly and keep them working!
Povejte svetu, kako v svojem poklicnem ali zasebnem življenju, sami ali skupinsko, skrbite za odgovorno rabo antibiotikov in ohranjanje njihove učinkovitosti!
Antibiotic resistance - where are we now?
Odpornost proti antibiotikom - kakšne so trenutne razmere?
If you wish to support the campaign, share messages, pictures or videos during the week 18-24 November 2019, using the hashtag #KeepAntibioticsWorking .
Če želite podpreti kampanjo, v tednu med 12. in 18. novembrom 2018 pod oznako #KeepAntibioticsWorking delite sporočila, slike ali videoposnetke.
Before the discovery of antibiotics, thousands of people died from bacterial diseases, such as pneumonia or infection following surgery.
Pred odkritjem antibiotikov je na tisoče ljudi umiralo zaradi bakterijskih bolezni, kot sta pljučnica ali okužba po kirurškem posegu.
Without antibiotics, we could return to the "pre-antibiotic era", when organ transplants, cancer chemotherapy, intensive care and other medical procedures would no longer be possible.
Brez antibiotikov bi se lahko vrnili v „čas pred obstojem antibiotikov", kar pomeni, da presaditve organov, kemoterapija za zdravljenje raka, intenzivno zdravljenje in drugi medicinski postopki ne bi bili več mogoči.
Bacterial diseases would spread and could no longer be treated, causing death.
Bakterijske bolezni bi se širile in jih ne bi mogli več zdraviti, končale pa bi se s smrtjo.
Only 70 years after the introduction of antibiotics, we are facing the possibility of a future without effective drugs to treat bacterial infections.
Le 70 let po uvedbi antibiotikov se srečujemo z možnostjo, da v prihodnosti ne bomo imeli učinkovitih zdravil za zdravljenje bakterijskih okužb.
Again this year, on the occasion of EAAD, we are asking doctors, nurses, hospital managers, pharmacists, farmers, veterinarians, policymakers, professional and patient organisations, governmental institutions, and the general public to share a message.
Na evropski dan ozaveščanja o antibiotikih med drugim zdravnike, medicinske sestre, direktorje bolnišnic, farmacevte, kmete, veterinarje, oblikovalce politik, strokovne organizacije in organizacije bolnikov, vladne ustanove in splošno javnost prosimo, naj na Twitterju, Facebooku ali Instagramu objavijo svoje sporočilo in pojasnijo, kako skrbijo za ohranjanje učinkovitosti teh zdravil.
Antibiotic resistance severely limits the number of antibiotics available for the treatment of a number of diseases.
Odpornost proti antibiotikom močno omejuje število antibiotikov, ki so na voljo za zdravljenje številnih bolezni.
Because resistance is increasing and few new antibiotics have been discovered and marketed in recent years, antibiotic resistance is now a major public health threat.
Ker se odpornost proti antibiotikom povečuje in ker so v zadnjih letih odkrili in začeli tržiti le malo novih tovrstnih zdravil, je odpornost proti antibiotikom začela močno ogrožati javno zdravje.
Since antibiotics have been discovered and used, more and more bacteria, which were originally susceptible, have become resistant and developed numerous different means of fighting against antibiotics.
Od odkritja in začetka rabe antibiotikov je vse več bakterij, ki so bile sprva občutljive, postalo odpornih in je razvilo številne različne načine boja proti antibiotikom.
Antibiotic resistance is the ability of bacteria to resist the action of an antibiotic.
Odpornost proti antibiotikom je sposobnost bakterij, da se borijo proti delovanju antibiotika.
Everyone is responsible for keeping antibiotics working.
Za učinkovitost antibiotikov smo odgovorni vsi!
On 18 November from 09.30 to 15.00 we will be tweeting live from our European Antibiotics Awareness Day 2019 Launch Event.
15. novembra med 9.00 in 13.00 bomo na Twitterju v živo komentirali dogodek na ravni EU, ki bo potekal v Bruslju.
Feel free to add them to your Twitter or Facebook profile photos!
Prenos lahko v živo spremljate na našem kanalu YouTube ali Facebook strani.
There are a number of ways for you to join the EAAD social media movement in 2019.
Gibanju družbenih medijev ob evropskem dnevu ozaveščanja o antibiotikih v letu 2018 se lahko pridružite na več načinov.
Facebook Live & live tweeting
Dogodek, ki ga bomo v živo komentirali na Twitterju
Key messages for clinical microbiologists
Ključna sporočila za klinične mikrobiologe
Key messages for junior doctors and students
Ključna sporočila za zdravnike specializante in študente
General key messages for healthcare professionals in hospitals and other healthcare settings
Splošna ključna sporočila za zdravstvene delavce v bolnišnicah in drugih zdravstvenih ustanovah
Materials for professionals in hospitals and other healthcare settings
Gradivo za zdravstvene delavce v bolnišnicah in drugih zdravstvenih ustanovah
Key messages for emergency departments - physicians and managers
Ključna sporočila za urgentne oddelke [zdravniki in vodstvo]
Paolo is a 55 year old University Professor in Rome, Italy.
Paolo je 55-letni univerzitetni profesor v Rimu, v Italiji.
He took this for 21 days.
Zdravilo je jemal 21 dni.
Nobody knows where he picked up the infection.
Nihče ne ve, kje se je okužil.
It is therefore necessary to see a doctor and to have microbiological testing performed.
Zato je nujno treba obiskati zdravnika in izvesti mikrobiološke preiskave.
An important message for patients is that the right antibiotic needs to be prescribed for treatment.
Pomembno sporočilo za bolnike je, da je treba za zdravljenje predpisati pravi antibiotik.
In August of 2010, Paolo had gone motor-boating alone to Ponza, a small island off the coast of Italy.
Avgusta leta 2010 se je sam odpravil na izlet z motornim čolnom na Ponzo, otoček ob italijanski obali.
His symptoms resolved after that and he has been well ever since.
Po tem obdobju so njegovi simptomi izginili in od tedaj je zdrav.
He consulted with his brother-in-law, who is a medical doctor and was spending his holidays in Ponza.
Posvetoval se je s svakom, ki je zdravnik in je bil na Ponzi na dopustu.
Despite this, he continued the course of ciprofloxacin for a week or more, with the hope of being well enough to motor-boat back to Rome and seek a full medical examination and laboratory tests.
Kljub temu je nadaljeval zdravljenje s ciprofloksacinom še teden dni ali dlje, saj je upal, da mu bo tako kmalu bolje in se bo lahko s čolnom vrnil v Rim ter šel na zdravstvene in laboratorijske preiskave.
It is concerning that such highly resistant bacteria are spreading in the community and causing infections in patients with no contact with the hospital.
Zaskrbljujoče je, da se tako visoko odporne bakterije širijo v skupnosti in povzročajo okužbe pri ljudeh, ki niso imeli stika z bolnišnico.
After arrival in Ponza, he felt that he had symptoms of a urinary tract infection, but did not pay too much attention at the time, because he thought his symptoms could have been due to dehydration from the summer heat.
Po prihodu na Ponzo je občutil simptome okužbe sečil, vendar jim ni posvečal velike pozornosti, saj je mislil, da gre za simptome dehidracije zaradi poletne vročine.
He was aware that it would be important to know the results of his urine culture in order for a doctor to prescribe the correct antibiotic.
Zavedal se je, da je pomembno poznati rezultate mikrobioloških preiskav urina, da lahko zdravnik predpiše ustrezen antibiotik.
It is important to treat with the right antibiotic, since these types of highly resistant bacteria can cause patients to be sicker and to have a worse outcome.
Pomembno je, da bolnika zdravimo s pravim antibiotikom, saj lahko te vrste visoko odpornih bakterij povzročijo poslabšanje bolezni in slabši izid za bolnika.
His condition did not improve over the next three days and his fever did not abate.
Vendar pa se Paolovo stanje v naslednjih treh dneh ni izboljšalo in telesna temperatura ni padla.
This is why his condition apparently improved during amoxicillin-clavulanic acid treatment, but the infection was not eradicated and suddenly relapsed after the therapeutic course.
Zato se je bolnikovo stanje med zdravljenjem z amoksicilinom s klavulansko kislino navidezno izboljšalo, okužba pa ni bila odpravljena in se je po zaključenem zdravljenju nenadoma ponovila.
He then called a friend of his, an infectious disease specialist, who suggested that he take fosfomycin by mouth in the correct dose for his infection.
Poklical je prijatelja, ki je specialist infektolog, in ta mu je predlagal, naj peroralno jemlje fosfomicin v odmerkih, ustreznih za njegovo okužbo.
He was prescribed amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, which he took by mouth for four weeks.
Predpisali so mu amoksicilin s klavulansko kislino, ki ga je jemal štiri tedne.
On arrival at the mainland, he immediately went to a large hospital in Rome where he had a urine culture and clinical examination, which confirmed he had a complicated urinary tract infection.
Ob prihodu na celino je Paolo takoj obiskal veliko bolnišnico v Rimu, kjer so izvedli in klinični pregled, ki je potrdil zapleteno okužbo sečil.
He was also found to have an enlarged prostate gland, which was the likely cause of his infection.
Ugotovili so tudi povečano prostato, ki je bila verjeten vzrok okužbe.
Aside from the carbapenems, which are given intravenously and require some type of hospital stay, there were only few antibiotics that he could take that would be effective against his infection, and few that he could take by mouth.
Poleg karbapenemov, ki jih dajemo intravenozno in zahtevajo določeno obliko nastanitve v bolnišnici, je bolniku ostalo na voljo le še nekaj vrst antibiotikov, ki bi bli učinkoviti in bi jih lahko jemal peroralno.
This antibiotic can appear sensitive in the laboratory, but is actually not effective against ESBL E. coli when given for treatment in humans.
Za ta antibiotik se lahko v laboratoriju bakterija izkaže občutljiva, dejansko pa pri zdravljenju proti E. coli, ki izloča ESBL, pri ljudeh antibiotik ni učinkovit.
His condition improved, but four days after his treatment was discontinued, he began having fever again and his symptoms of a urinary tract infection returned.
Njegovo stanje se je izboljšalo, a štiri dni po zaključku zdravljenja je telesna temperatura spet porasla in simptomi okužbe sečil so se znova pojavili.
Additionally, he was allergic to one of them, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
Poleg tega je bil na enega od teh antibiotikov, trimetoprim s sulfametoksazolom, alergičen.
Globally, ESBL- producing bacteria are being found as the cause of community-acquired infections, and very frequently urinary tract infections.
V svetovnem merilu odkrivamo, da so bakterije, ki proizvajajo ESBL, vzrok okužb, pridobljenih v domačem okolju in pogosto prav okužb sečil.
His brother-in-law suggested that he take ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic which is one of the most frequently used antibiotics for urinary tract infections.
Predlagal mu je, naj vzame ciprofloksacin, fluorokinolonski antibiotik, ki je eden od najpogosteje uporabljenih antibiotikov za okužbe sečil.
Ciprofloxacin can be given by mouth, so is easy to take and is usually effective in treating urinary tract infections.
Ciprofloksacin je mogoče jemati peroralno, zato je enostaven za uporabo in je običajno učinkovit pri zdravljenju okužb sečil.
It took two months and three courses of different antibiotics before Paolo's infection was successfully treated.
Šele po dveh mesecih zdravljenja s tremi različnimi antibiotiki je uspešno ozdravel.
Paolo was on the island of Ponza where there was no possibility of laboratory testing of his urine to better understand which antibiotics the bug could be treated with.
Na otočku Ponza Paolo ni imel možnosti za mikrobiološke laboratorijske preiskave urina, ki bi določile, s katerimi antibiotiki bi lahko zdravili njegovo bakterijsko okužbo.
ESBLs are enzymes that make bacteria, most commonly E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, resistant to most β-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins, cephalosporins and aztreonam.
Gre za encime, zaradi katerih so bakterije, najpogosteje E. coli in Klebsiella pneumoniae, odporne proti večini betalaktamskih antibiotikov, vključno s penicilini, cefalosporini in aztreonamom.
The carbapenems, to which his E.coli was sensitive, are the antibiotics of choice in patients with infections with ESBL-producing bacteria.
Karbapenemi, za katere je bila bakterija E. coli občutljiva, so antibiotiki prve izbire za bolnike z okužbami z bakterijami, ki proizvajajo ESBL.