natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Since October 2008, it is possible for patients in the UK who are asymptomatic but who have a diagnosed genital infection with Chlamydia to obtain from pharmacists (without a prescription) a single dose of the antibiotic azithromycin, representing a complete treatment course.
Od oktobra 2008 lahko bolniki v Združenem kraljestvu, ki so asimptomatični, vendar je bila pri njih diagnosticirana genitalna okužba s klamidijo, v lekarnah (brez recepta) dobijo enkratni odmerek antibiotika azitromicina, ki predstavlja celotno zdravljenje.
Whenever antibiotic-resistant bacteria emerge and develop, infection control precautions are essential to prevent spread from carriers of infected patients to other patients or persons.
Kadar se pojavijo in nastanejo na antibiotike odporne bakterije, so previdnostni ukrepi za nadzor okužb bistvenega pomena za preprečevanje širjenja okužbe z nosilcev okuženih bolnikov na druge bolnike ali osebe.
The challenge with multidrug-resistant microorganisms lies in the limited number of remaining options (if any) for therapy of patients infected with these microorganisms.
Izziv pri mikroorganizmih, odpornih na več zdravil, je, da je na voljo le omejeno število preostalih možnosti (če sploh) za zdravljenje bolnikov, okuženih s temi mikroorganizmi.
Preliminary estimates of the number of deaths directly attributable to hospital-acquired infections due to the most common major multidrug-resistant bacteria are 1/3 to 1/2 of that for hospital-acquired infections overall (see below) (ECDC, preliminary data).
Po predhodnih ocenah predstavlja delež smrti, ki ga je mogoče neposredno pripisati bolnišničnim okužbam z najpogostejšimi glavnimi bakterijami, odpornimi na več zdravil, 1/3 do 1/2 vseh smrti zaradi bolnišničnih okužb nasploh (glejte spodaj) (ECDC, predhodni podatki).
Part of the burden of antimicrobial resistance in the EU is due to antimicrobials used in food-producing animals.
Del bremena odpornosti na protimikrobna zdravila v EU je mogoče pripisati protimikrobnim učinkovinam, ki se uporabljajo pri živalih za proizvodnjo živil.
Despite these encouraging experiences, antimicrobial resistance still is high or increasing in a majority of Member States, in particular for common bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Kljub tem spodbudnim izkušnjam je odpornost na protimikrobna zdravila še vedno visoka oz. narašča v večini držav članic, zlasti pri pogostih bakterijah, kot so Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
A more worrying problem is when some bacteria that are normally susceptible to antibiotics become resistant as a result of adaptation through genetic change (acquired resistance).
Bolj zaskrbljujoča težava nastane, ko nekatere bakterije, ki so v normalnih okoliščinah občutljive na antibiotike, postanejo odporne zaradi prilagajanja na podlagi genetskih sprememb (pridobljena odpornost).
Additionally, within the body of a human being, the genes coding for antibiotic resistance in one species of bacteria can easily spread to other bacterial species through an exchange of genetic material.
Poleg tega se lahko v človeškem telesu geni, ki kodirajo odpornost na antibiotike pri določeni vrsti bakterij, enostavno širijo na druge vrste bakterij z izmenjavo genskega materiala.
Once established in a person, antibiotic-resistant bacteria can spread to another person and a high antibiotic consumption in a population (hospital or community) strongly favours such spread.
Ko se bakterije, odporne na antibiotike, ustalijo v človeškem telesu, se lahko širijo na drugo osebo, pri čemer visoka poraba antibiotikov v dani populaciji (v bolnišnicah ali skupnosti) močno spodbuja takšno širjenje.
Spread and cross-transmission of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms between humans, between animals, and between humans and animals and the environment.
širjenje in navzkrižno prenašanje na protimikrobna zdravila odpornih mikroorganizmov med ljudmi, živalmi ter med ljudmi in živalmi ter okoljem.
Humans and animals do not become resistant to antimicrobial treatments, but bacteria and other microorganisms can.
Ljudje in živali ne postanejo odporni na protimikrobna zdravila, temveč bakterije in drugi mikroorganizmi.
These resistant bacteria may persist, generally without causing infection, up to six months and sometimes longer;
Te odporne bakterije se lahko ohranijo do šest mesecev in včasih tudi dlje, ne da bi povzročile okužbo;
Modern medicine relies on availability of effective antibiotics in the case an infectious complication occurs or for prophylaxis of infection.
Sodobno zdravstvo je odvisno od razpoložljivosti učinkovitih antibiotikov v primeru zapletov zaradi okužb ali za profilakso okužb.
Bacteria have antibiotic resistance when specific antibiotics have lost their ability to kill or stop their growth.
Bakterije postanejo odporne na antibiotike, ko posamezni antibiotiki izgubijo sposobnost, da jih ubijejo ali zaustavijo njihovo rast.
Conversely, many healthcare-associated infections are caused by microorganisms that are not resistant to antimicrobials.
Nasprotno mnoge bolnišnične okužbe povzročajo mikroorganizmi, ki niso odporni na protimikrobna zdravila.
Antimicrobial resistance, i.e. being resistant to one or several antimicrobials used for therapy or prophylaxis, is not a disease but a characteristic that may apply, as a matter of principle, to each of the microorganisms responsible for the communicable diseases listed in Commission Decision 2000/96/EC and for nosocomial and other healthcare-associated infections.
odpornost na enega ali več protimikrobnih zdravil, ki se uporabljajo za zdravljenje ali profilakso, ni bolezen, temveč značilnost, ki jo je načeloma mogoče pripisati vsakemu mikroorganizmu, ki povzroča prenosljive bolezni, navedene v odločbi Komisije 2000/96/ES, ter bolnišnične bolezni.
Hygienic precautions for the control of cross-transmission of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms (infection control), including hand hygiene, screening, isolation, etc.
higienski previdnostni ukrepi za nadzor navzkrižnega prenašanja na protimikrobna zdravila odpornih mikroorganizmov (nadzor okužb), vključno s higieno rok, presejanjem, osamitvijo itd.
Travellers that require hospital care while visiting a country with high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, within or outside of the EU, and who are subsequently repatriated to their home country, may return being colonised or even infected by multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Popotniki, ki potrebujejo bolnišnično oskrbo med obiskom države z visoko odpornostjo na protimikrobna zdravila, znotraj ali zunaj EU, in ki so nato napoteni v domovino, so lahko ob vrnitvi kolonizirani ali celo okuženi z bakterijo, odporno na več zdravil.
Antimicrobials are medicinal products that kill or stop the growth of living microorganisms and include among others:
Protimikrobna zdravila so zdravila, ki ubijajo žive mikroorganizme oz. zaustavljajo njihovo rast in vključujejo med drugim:
Use of antimicrobials, which exerts an ecological pressure on microorganisms and contributes to emergence and selection of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms in populations;
uporaba protimikrobnih učinkovin, ki povzroča ekološki pritisk na mikroorganizme ter prispeva k nastanku in ohranitvi na protimikrobna zdravila odpornih mikroorganizmov med populacijami;
The EARSS Annual Report 2007, as well as national data, indicated decreasing resistance trends in Streptococcus pneumoniae, a bacteria commonly responsible for infections in outpatients, in particular children;
Iz letnega poročila EARSS za leto 2007 ter nacionalnih podatkov je razviden trend zmanjševanja odpornosti Streptococcus pneumoniae, bakterije, ki pogosto povzroča okužbe pri ambulantnih bolnikih, zlasti pri otrocih;
It is the microorganisms that colonise and sometimes infect humans and animals which become resistant to antimicrobials, not the humans or animals themselves.
Mikroorganizmi, ki kolonizirajo in včasih okužijo ljudi in živali, so tisti, ki postanejo odporni na protimikrobna zdravila, ne pa ljudje ali živali.
In a few countries, decreasing trends in resistance are also being observed for one microorganism responsible for healthcare-associated infections, namely MRSA.
V nekaterih državah je zmanjševanje odpornosti opaziti tudi pri enem mikroorganizmu, ki povzroča bolnišnične okužbe, namreč pri MRSA.
These positive experiences from some EU Member States are the background for the European Antibiotic Awareness Day, a campaign to reduce use of antibiotics in situations where they are not necessary, for example for viral infections such as colds and influenza.
Te pozitivne izkušnje nekaterih držav članic EU predstavljajo ozadje evropskega dneva ozaveščanja o antibiotikih, kampanje, katere namen je zmanjšati uporabo antibiotikov v primerih, kadar ti niso nujno potrebni, npr.
All antibiotic-resistant bacteria survive in the presence of the antibiotic and continue to grow and multiply causing longer illness or even death.
Vse bakterije, ki so odporne na antibiotike, preživijo tudi ob prisotnosti antibiotikov in se še naprej širijo, kar podaljša trajanje bolezni ali povzroči celo smrt.
Antibiotics used to treat and prevent infections in animals belong to the same chemical groups as those used in human medicine, therefore animals may carry bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics also used to treat infections in humans;
Antibiotiki, ki se uporabljajo za zdravljenje in preprečevanje okužb pri živalih, sodijo v iste kemijske skupine kot antibiotiki, ki se uporabljajo pri ljudeh, zato so lahko v živalih prisotne bakterije, odporne na antibiotike, ki se uporabljajo tudi za zdravljenje okužb pri ljudeh;
Without effective antibiotics, intensive care, organ transplants, cancer chemotherapy, care of preterm babies, or even common surgical procedures, such as hip or knee replacement, would not be possible.
Brez učinkovitih antibiotikov intenzivna nega, presaditev organov, kemoterapija pri zdravljenju rakavih obolenj in nega nedonošenčkov ne bi bile mogoče, prav tako ne običajni operativni posegi, kot je zamenjava kolka ali kolena.
They are also responsible for infections and isolated from food-producing animals and sometimes isolated from foods.
Povzročajo tudi okužbe ter jih je mogoče osamiti iz živali za proizvodnjo živil oz. včasih iz hrane.
However, the major cause of antimicrobial resistance in microorganisms from humans remains the use of antimicrobials in human medicine, in the community and in hospitals and other healthcare settings.
Vendar pa je glavni razlog za odpornost na protimikrobna zdravila pri mikroorganizmih pri ljudeh uporaba protimikrobnih zdravil v humani medicini, zunaj bolnišnic ter v bolnišnicah in drugih zdravstvenih ustanovah.
There are large intercountry variations in the proportions of resistant bacteria in the EU and these variations, often showing a North-to-South gradient, can be observed for most antimicrobial-resistant bacteria surveyed by the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (EARSS);
Obstajajo precejšnje razlike v deležih odpornih bakterij med državami EU, in sicer je te razlike (pogosto gre za zmanjševanje deleža od severa proti jugu) mogoče opaziti pri večini bakterij, odpornih na protimikrobna zdravila, ki so bile preučevane v okviru evropskega sistema za spremljanje odpornosti na protimikrobna zdravila (EARSS);
Because antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms fail to respond to therapy, infections due to these microorganisms result in greater risk of death, prolonged illness and stay in hospitals and greater risk of death.
Ker se na protimikrobna zdravila odporni mikroorganizmi ne odzovejo na zdravljenje, lahko okužbe s temi mikroorganizmi predstavljajo večje tveganje smrti ter podaljšanja trajanja bolezni in bivanja v bolnišnici.
Antimicrobial resistance results in a reduction or elimination of effectiveness of the antimicrobial agent to cure or prevent infection due to this microorganism.
Odpornost na protimikrobna zdravila zmanjša ali izniči učinkovitost protimikrobne učinkovine pri zdravljenju ali preprečevanju okužbe s tem mikroorganizmom.
This is likely due to increased efforts on infection control, hand hygiene and antibiotic policy in hospitals in these countries as demonstrated by national data from, e.g. Slovenia, France and UK.
To je najverjetneje rezultat povečanih prizadevanj za nadzor okužb, higiene rok in strategije rabe antibiotikov v bolnišnicah v teh državah, kot so pokazali nacionalni podatki npr.
Because of exposure to antibiotics, animals may carry antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella and Campylobacter that are transferred from animals to humans through food;
Zaradi izpostavljenosti antibiotikom sta lahko v živalih prisotni na protimikrobna zdravila odporni bakteriji Salmonella in Campylobacter, ki se preneseta z živali na ljudi s hrano;
For bacteria, antibiotic resistance is the ability of bacteria to resist to the action of an antibiotic.
Pri bakterijah pomeni odpornost na antibiotike sposobnost bakterij, da so odporne na delovanje antibiotikov.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued a global strategy and guidelines to help countries in setting up systems to monitor antimicrobial resistance and implement interventions, e.g. to ensure that antibiotics can only be purchased with a medical prescription.
Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija (SZO) je izdala globalno strategijo in smernice za pomoč državam pri vzpostavljanju sistemov za spremljanje odpornosti na protimikrobna zdravila in pri ustreznem ukrepanju, npr.
Humans may also acquire antimicrobial-resistant bacteria from direct contact with animals as this is the case with certain MRSA strains sometimes isolated from livestock, in particular from pigs.
Na protimikrobna zdravila odporne bakterije se lahko prenesejo na ljudi tudi ob neposrednem stiku z živalmi, tako kot se prenašajo nekateri sevi MRSA, ki so včasih osamljeni iz živine, zlasti prašičev.
Despite this, dispensation of antimicrobials without a prescription still occurs at pharmacies in several Member States.
Kljub temu se v mnogo državah članicah protimikrobna zdravila še vedno izdajajo v lekarnah brez recepta.
Even when antibiotics are used appropriately, antibiotic resistance sometimes develops as a natural adaptive reaction of bacteria.
Tudi pri ustrezni uporabi antibiotikov se lahko včasih pojavi odpornost na antibiotike kot naraven odziv bakterij v procesu prilagajanja.
Treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria may also require intravenous antibiotics given in hospitals instead of oral antibiotics that could be taken by patients at home.
Pri zdravljenju bakterij, odpornih na antibiotike, utegne biti potrebno intravensko dajanje antibiotikov v bolnišnici namesto dajanja antibiotikov za peroralno uporabo, ki bi jih bolniki lahko jemali doma.
This issue of multidrug resistance is relevant for all microorganisms, including bacteria responsible for healthcare-associated infections, microorganisms responsible for food- and waterborne infections, tuberculosis, and microorganisms responsible for sexually-transmitted diseases, e.g. gonorrhoea and HIV.
To vprašanje odpornosti na več zdravil je skupno vsem mikroorganizmom, vključno z bakterijami, ki povzročajo bolnišnične okužbe, mikroorganizmi, ki povzročajo bolezni, ki se prenašajo s hrano in vodo, tuberkulozo, ter mikroorganizmi, ki širijo spolno prenosljive bolezni, npr.
Antibacterials (often called antibiotics, active against bacterial infections),
protibakterijska zdravila (pogosto imenovana antibiotiki, ki učinkujejo proti bakterijskim okužbam),
Once controlled for size of population, the Member States that use the most antibiotics for outpatients, i.e. Greece and Cyprus, use approximately three times more per inhabitant and per year than the Member State that uses the least, i.e. the Netherlands;
Grčija in Ciper, ki uporabijo največ antibiotikov za ambulantno zdravljenje približno trikrat več antibiotikov na prebivalca letno kot države članice, ki uporabijo najmanj antibiotikov, tj.
Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria may require more care as well as alternative and more expensive antibiotics, which also may have more severe side effects.
Okužbe, ki jih povzročajo bakterije, odporne na antibiotike, utegnejo zahtevati več pozornosti ter zdravljenje z drugačnimi in dražjimi antibiotiki, ki utegnejo imeti resnejše neželene učinke.
In the continuous fight for "ecological space", all resistant bacteria are selected as the antibiotic kills the still-susceptible bacteria around them.
V nenehnem boju za „ekološki prostor" se v naravnem izboru ohranijo vse odporne bakterije, medtem ko antibiotik ubije tiste bakterije v njihovih okolici, ki so še vedno občutljive.
Nosocomial infections and antimicrobial resistance are two special health issues listed in Annex 1 of Commission Decision 2000/96/EC of 22 December 1999 on the communicable diseases to be progressively covered by the Community network under Decision No 2119/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council.
Bolnišnične okužbe in odpornost na protimikrobna zdravila sta dva posebna zdravstvena problema, navedena v Prilogi 1 k Odločbi Komisije 2000/96/ES z dne 22. decembra 1999 o nalezljivih boleznih, ki jih bo v skladu z Odločbo št.
Antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms, including multidrug-resistant types, are often responsible for healthcare-associated infections, but they are also responsible for infections in patients outside hospitals and can be found as part of the normal bacterial flora of healthy individuals, in pet animals and in the environment.
Mikroorganizmi, odporni na protimikrobna zdravila, vključno s sevi, ki so odporni na več zdravil, pogosto povzročajo bolnišnične okužbe, poleg tega pa tudi okužbe pri bolnikih zunaj bolnišnic; nahajajo se v normalni bakterijski flori zdravih posameznikov, hišnih ljubljenčkov in v okolju.
Certain bacteria, e.g. Salmonella and Campylobacter are associated with consumption of contaminated foods and cause diarrhoea;
Salmonella in Campylobacter, se širijo z uživanjem okužene hrane in lahko povzročajo drisko;
Patients colonised by/carrying resistant bacteria are generally more likely to develop an infection with these resistant bacteria rather than with susceptible variants of the same bacteria;
Bolniki, ki so kolonizirani z odpornimi bakterijami oz. pri katerih so prisotne odporne bakterije, so na splošno izpostavljeni večjemu tveganju, da se bodo okužili s temi odpornimi bakterijami kot z občutljivimi različicami teh istih bakterij;
Examples of such bacteria are carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Enterobacteriaceae (often Klebsiella pneumoniae), andmultidrug-resistant Acinetobacter.
Takšne bakterije so Enterobacteriaceae, ki izločajo karbapenemazo (KPC) (pogosto Klebsiella pneumoniae), in baterije Acinetobacter, odporne na več zdravil.
Any use of an antimicrobial forces microorganisms to either adapt or die.
Uporaba protimikrobnih zdravil mikroorganizme prisili, da se prilagodijo, ali pa jih uniči.
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae (examples of common Enterobacteriaceae are Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae)
Enterobacteriaceae, ki izločajo beta laktamaze razširjenega spektra (ESBL) (med pogoste Enterobacteriaceae sodita Escherichia coli in Klebsiella pneumoniae)
The two major drivers for antimicrobial resistance are:
Dva glavna dejavnika, ki prispevata k nastanku odpornosti na protimikrobna zdravila, sta:
Levels of antibiotic consumption consistently correlate with levels of antibiotic resistance, i.e. the more antibiotics are being used in a population, the more resistance to antibiotics there will be in bacteria responsible for infections in this population.
čim bolj se antibiotiki uporabljajo v populaciji, tem večja je odpornost bakterij, ki povzročajo okužbe v tej populaciji, na antibiotike.
Based on Directive 2001/83/EC and national legislations in Member States, antimicrobials to be used systemically (i.e. not locally) should only be dispensed at pharmacies upon presentation of a prescription, usually from a medical doctor.
V skladu z direktivo 2001/83/ES in nacionalnimi zakonodajami v državah članicah se smejo protimikrobna zdravila, ki se uporabljajo sistemsko (tj.
Multidrug resistance corresponds to resistance of a microorganism to multiple antimicrobials.
Odpornost na več zdravil pomeni, da je mikroorganizem odporen na več protimikrobnih zdravil.
There is no rational choice of antibiotic therapy for treating such patients and treatment often relies on old and toxic antibiotics such as colistin.
V primeru okužb s takšnimi bakterijami ustrezno zdravljenje z antibiotiki ni na voljo, zato se pri zdravljenju bolnikov pogosto uporabljajo stari in strupeni antibiotiki, kot je kolistin.
Antiparasital drugs (active against malaria and other infections due to parasites).
zdravila proti zajedavcem (ki učinkujejo proti malariji in drugim okužbam, ki jih povzročajo zajedavci).
Even without having been in contact with healthcare, people who travel in a country with high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance may return being colonised by multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Tudi osebe, ki potujejo v državo z visoko odpornostjo na protimikrobna zdravila, vendar niso imele stika z zdravstveno oskrbo, so lahko ob vrnitvi kolonizirane z bakterijo, odporno na več zdravil.
Antimycobacterial drugs (which are antibacterials specifically active against tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections)
protibakterijska zdravila, ki učinkujejo predvsem proti tuberkulozi in drugim mikobakterijskim okužbam),
The term "Healthcare-associated infections" is now preferred because it includes not only infections acquired in hospitals, but also in other settings where healthcare is provided, e.g. long-term care facilities, nursing homes, home care, etc.
Ta izraz ne vključuje le okužb, pridobljenih v bolnišnicah, temveč tudi okužbe, pridobljene na drugih mestih, kjer se izvaja zdravstvena oskrba, npr.
In a few countries, decreasing trends are being observed for antibiotic use in outpatients and for antibiotic resistance in bacteria commonly responsible for infections in outpatients.
V nekaterih državah je opazno zmanjšanje uporabe antibiotikov pri ambulantnem zdravljenju kot tudi zmanjšanje odpornosti bakterij, ki pogosto povzročajo okužbe pri ambulantnih bolnikih, na antibiotike.
Prudent use of antimicrobials (i.e. only when needed, with the correct dose, at correct dose intervals and for a correct duration);
le po potrebi, v pravilnem odmerku, v pravilnih intervalih odmerkov ter ob upoštevanju predpisanega trajanja zdravljenja);
Antifungals (active against fungal infections),
protiglivična zdravila (ki učinkujejo proti glivičnim okužbam),
Antibiotics should not be used when they are not needed, e.g. for viral infections such as common colds or influenza;
Antibiotikov se ne sme uporabljati, kadar niso potrebni, npr.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
na vankomicin odporni Enterococci (VRE)
Taking antibiotics always modifies the human normal bacterial flora which often results in side effects, e.g. diarrhoea, as well as emergence and/or selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria;
Jemanje antibiotikov vedno spremeni normalno bakterijsko floro pri ljudeh, kar pogosto povzroči neželene učinke, npr.
Examples of common multidrug-resistant bacteria are:
Med pogoste bakterije, ki so odporne na več zdravil, sodijo:
Antivirals (active against viral infections, e.g. influenza, HIV, herpes infections),
gripi, virusu HIV, herpesu),
When antibiotics are needed (this decision is made by a medical doctor who writes a prescription), they should then be used appropriately, i.e. at the correct dose, at correct intervals and for the prescribed duration, to optimise effectiveness to cure the infection and minimise emergence of resistance;
v pravilnem odmerku, v pravilnih intervalih ter ob upoštevanju predpisanega trajanja zdravljenja, da se optimira učinkovitost zdravljenja okužbe in čim bolj zmanjša nastanek odpornosti;
This is comparable to the total number of passengers of more than 100 medium-sized airplanes.
To je primerljivo s skupnim številom potnikov na več kot 100 srednje velikih letalih.