natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Ensure that patients (and their families) understand the reason for antibiotic therapy, and key points related to antibiotic use, including to [31,69] [expert consensus]:
Poskrbite, da bodo bolniki (in njihovi družinski člani) razumeli razloge za zdravljenje z antibiotiki ter ključne točke v zvezi z njihovo rabo, pri čemer jih opozorite, naj [31,69] [strokovno usklajeno]:
b) Have the appropriate cultures been taken before starting antibiotic therapy?
b) Ali so bile pred začetkom zdravljenja z antibiotiki odvzete ustrezne kužnine?
Before you prescribe an antibiotic, you should [25,26,53,70] [expert consensus]:
Preden predpišete antibiotik, storite naslednje [25,26,53,70] [strokovno usklajeno]:
Answer the following key questions to optimise antibiotic therapy.
Za čim bolj kakovostno zdravljenje z antibiotiki odgovorite na naslednja ključna vprašanja.
When you see an antibiotic prescribed, ask the prescriber about the indication, choice, dose, route of administration and duration of treatment, to understand if this is follows antibiotic guidelines [69].
Ko opazite, da je bil predpisan antibiotik, zdravnika, ki ga je predpisal, povprašajte o indikaciji, izbiri, odmerku, načinu dajanja zdravila in trajanju zdravljenja, da bi ugotovili, ali so bile upoštevane smernice o predpisovanju antibiotikov [69].
d) Never share leftover antibiotics with other people.
d) antibiotikov, ki so jim ostali, nikoli ne delijo z drugimi.
c) Never use leftover antibiotics from previous treatments; and
c) nikoli ne uporabljajo antibiotikov, ki so jim ostali od preteklih zdravljenj;
Your tasks related to improving antibiotic use include [31,56,68,71,83]:
Vaše naloge v zvezi z izboljšanjem rabe antibiotikov so [31,56,68,71,83]:
These should be readily and reliably accessible to all healthcare providers [56,69].
Te bi morale biti pravočasno in zagotovo na voljo vsem izvajalcem zdravstvenih storitev [56,69].
Support the development and implementation of an antibiotic stewardship programme within your organisation [69].
Podpirajte razvoj in izvajanje programa za nadzor nad rabo antibiotikov v vaši organizaciji [69].
Regularly train hospital prescribers on prudent antibiotic use and participate in meetings on implementing evidence-based hospital antibiotic guidelines [31,53].
Redno usposabljajte zdravnike, ki predpisujejo zdravila, o preudarni rabi antibiotikov in sodelujte na srečanjih o izvajanju z dokazi podprtih bolnišničnih smernic o antibiotikih [31,53].
Key messages for hospital infectious disease specialists
Ključna sporočila za infektologe
b) Collaborating with the hospital pharmacist and the clinical microbiologist to implement the antibiotic stewardship programme;
b) sodelovanje z bolnišničnim farmacevtom in kliničnim mikrobiologom pri izvajanju programa za nadzor nad rabo antibiotikov;
Provide feedback and advice to prescribers on diagnostic evaluation and treatment of infectious diseases [83].
Zdravnikom, ki predpisujejo zdravila, zagotovite povratne informacije in nasvete o diagnostični oceni ter zdravljenju nalezljivih bolezni [83].
Promote local guidelines on managing infections and using antibiotics.
Spodbujajte lokalne smernice o zdravljenju okužb in rabi antibiotikov.
f) Sharing information on local microbiology and antibiotic resistance patterns; and,
f) izmenjavanje informacij o lokalnih mikrobioloških vzorcih in vzorcih odpornosti proti antibiotikom ter
c) Consulting with hospital prescribers and providing them with feedback to ensure the quality of antibiotic prescribing;
c) posvetovanje z zdravniki, ki predpisujejo zdravila v bolnišnici, in posredovanje povratnih informacij, da se zagotovi kakovost predpisovanja antibiotikov;
d) Educating hospital prescribers on how to diagnose and treat common infections, and on the antibiotic stewardship principles;
d) izobraževanje zdravnikov, ki predpisujejo zdravila v bolnišnici, o tem, kako diagnosticirati in zdraviti pogoste okužbe, ter o načelih nadzora nad rabo antibiotikov;
e) Implementing evidence-based hospital antibiotic guidelines for common infections and for surgical prophylaxis;
e) izvajanje z dokazi podprtih bolnišničnih smernic za rabo antibiotikov pri pogostih okužbah in kirurški profilaksi;
g) Managing your hospital's antibiotic formulary (i.e., list of drugs available for prescribers).
g) vodenje bolnišničnega kataloga antibiotikov (npr.
primary care providers
zdravstveni delavci v primarnem zdravstvenem varstvu
It can be used as a fact sheet or as a desk reminder during consultations.
Uporablja se lahko kot povzetek dejstev ali namizni opomnik med zdravniškimi pregledi.
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Pogovor z bolnikom
In addition, healthcare systems can differ from country to country.
Poleg tega se lahko zdravstveni sistemi razlikujejo od države do države.
The key messages need to be carefully adapted as well, since professionals across Europe might have different roles than those described in the document.
Ključna sporočila je treba tudi natančno prilagoditi, saj imajo zdravstveni delavci po Evropi morda drugačne vloge od opisanih v dokumentu.
It is important to stress that the template materials provide a core of information and common messages but will be most effective if adapted to respond to the needs and situations in each country, or even in each healthcare setting.
Pomembno je poudariti, da predloge v gradivu vsebujejo bistvene informacije in splošna sporočila, vendar bodo najučinkovitejše, če jih prilagodite potrebam in razmeram v posamezni državi ali celo posamezni zdravstveni ustanovi.
The issues surrounding antibiotic resistance in hospitals and other healthcare settings may differ from country to country.
Vprašanja glede odpornosti proti antibiotikom v bolnišnicah in drugih zdravstvenih ustanovah se lahko od države do države razlikujejo.
Moreover, the materials aim at creating a sense of individual responsibility in tackling antibiotic resistance and at empowering professionals to take action.
Poleg tega je gradivo namenjeno ustvarjanju občutka osebne odgovornosti pri reševanju vprašanja odpornosti proti antibiotikom in spodbujanju zdravstvenih delavcev k ukrepanju.
The toolkit includes: key messages, checklist for prescribers, factsheets, infographic about antibiotic stewardship, leaflets, letters, posters, presentation, social media cards.
Nabor orodij vsebuje: ključna sporočila, kontrolni seznam za predpisovalce zdravil, informativne liste, infografiko o smotrni rabi antibiotikov, letake, dopise, plakate, predstavitve in kartice s profili na družbenih omrežjih.
- Professionals in emergency departments, in intensive care units, and in long-term care facilities.
- zdravstveni delavci na urgenci, v oddelkih intenzivne nege in ustanovah za dolgotrajno oskrbo.
This refers to the agreement reached by ECDC experts, EAAD Technical Advisory Committee members, and other external experts and stakeholders.
To se nanaša na sporazum med strokovnjaki centra ECDC, člani svetovalnega tehničnega odbora za evropski dan ozaveščanja o antibiotikih ter drugimi zunanjimi strokovnjaki in deležniki.
- Infection prevention and control professionals,
- zdravstveni delavci za preprečevanje in obvladovanje okužb,
The key messages for this toolkit derived from a thorough review of the scientific literature by ECDC experts and were developed following an extensive consultation and editing process.
Ključna sporočila za ta orodja temeljijo na temeljitem pregledu znanstvene literature, ki so ga opravili strokovnjaki Evropskega centra za preprečevanje in obvladovanje bolezni (ECDC), in so bila sestavljena po obsežnem postopku posvetovanja in urejanja.
The objective of this toolkit is to support efforts to increase prudent use of antibiotics in hospitals and other healthcare settings through dissemination of evidence-based educational and information materials.
Cilj tega nabora orodij je zagotoviti podporo prizadevanjem za povečanje preudarne uporabe antibiotikov v bolnišnicah in drugih zdravstvenih ustanovah z razdeljevanjem izobraževalnega in informativnega gradiva, ki temelji na dokazih.
The primary target audience for this toolkit is professionals in hospitals and other healthcare settings, such as long-term care facilities, who have different roles and influence in the use of antibiotics in such settings.
Glavno ciljno občinstvo teh orodij so zdravstveni delavci v bolnišnicah in drugih zdravstvenih ustanovah, kot so ustanove za dolgotrajno oskrbo, ki imajo drugačne vloge in vpliv pri uporabi antibiotikov v teh ustanovah:
Some of the messages are indicated to be "expert consensus", instead of being linked to a reference taken from the scientific literature.
Nekatera sporočila ne vsebujejo sklicev na znanstveno literaturo, temveč imajo oznako „soglasje strokovnjakov".
Professionals are encouraged to mix and match the key messages and the template materials, to address their own specific needs.
Zdravstvene delavce spodbujamo, naj prilagodijo ključna sporočila in predloge v gradivu, da bodo ustrezala njihovim posebnim potrebam.
Why are some countries more affected than others?
Zakaj so nekatere države bolj ogrožene kot druge?
Factsheet for general public
Povzetek dejstev za splošno javnost
Is the problem worse than in the past?
Ali je problem resnejši kot v preteklosti?
How serious is the problem?
Kako resen je problem?
What can be done to solve the problem?
Kako je problem mogoče rešiti?
What is the resistance situation in other regions in the world?
Kakšna je odpornost v drugih območjih sveta?
When possible, prevent infection through appropriate vaccination.
Kadar je mogoče, preprečite okužbo z ustreznim cepljenjem.
How can I protect myself/my family from MRSA?
Kako lahko zaščitim sebe/svojo družino pred okužbo z MRSA?
If you catch an infection due to MRSA, ask your doctor or nurse about which hygiene measures you and your family will have to comply with, in hospital and when you go back home.
Če se okužite z MRSA, vprašajte svojega zdravnika ali medicinsko sestro, katere higienske ukrepe morate vi in družinski člani upoštevati v bolnišnici in po vrnitvi domov.
It may sometimes causes infections if it is introduced into the body.
Včasih lahko povzroča okužbe, če vstopi v telo.
It is not always possible to determine the proportion of resistant infections caused by a single factor.
Ni vedno mogoče določiti, kolikšen delež odpornih okužb povzroča kateri od teh dejavnikov.
To address this public health concern, the Council of the European Union issued a recommendation in 2001 asking countries to put in place actions to ensure prudent use of antibiotics (Council recommendation of 15 November 2001 on the prudent use of antimicrobial agents in human medicine (2002/77/EC).
Svet Evropske unije je leta 2001 za rešitev te težave javnega zdravja izdal priporočilo, v katerem je države pozval k sprejemu ukrepov za zagotovitev preudarne uporabe antibiotikov (Priporočilo Sveta z dne 15. novembra 2001 o preudarni rabi protimikrobnih sredstev v humani medicini (2002/77/ES)).
Escherichia coli resistance to major antibiotics is increasing in almost all countries in Europe.
Odpornost bakterije Escherichia coli na glavne antibiotike se povečuje v skoraj vseh evropskih državah.
Resistant E. coli may then spread between people.
Odporna E. coli se lahko nato širi med ljudmi.
Typically, MRSA that is found in hospitals is resistant to many other antibiotics.
Običajno je MRSA, ki jo je mogoče najti v bolnišnicah, odporna na številne druge antibiotike.
There are more than 15 different classes of antibiotics that differ in their chemical structure and their action against bacteria.
Obstaja več kot 15 različnih razredov antibiotikov, ki se razlikujejo po kemijski sestavi in protibakterijskem učinku.
Successful public awareness campaigns, which have already taken place in some countries, have resulted in a reduction of antibiotic consumption.
Uspešne kampanje za ozaveščanje javnosti, ki so že potekale v nekaterih državah, so prispevale k zmanjšanju porabe antibiotikov.
Everyone can play an important role in decreasing antibiotic resistance:
Vsi lahko pomembno prispevamo k zmanjšanju odpornosti na antibiotike:
Surveillance data show that antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health problem in European hospitals and communities.
Podatki, pridobljeni s spremljanjem, kažejo, da predstavlja odpornost na protimikrobna zdravila čedalje večjo težavo za javno zdravje v evropskih bolnišnicah in skupnostih.
Staphylococcus aureus is a common bacterium, present on skin and mucosa in 20% to 30% of healthy people.
Bakterija Staphylococcus aureus je pogosta bakterija, prisotna na koži in v sluznici pri 20 % do 30 % zdravih ljudi.
Wash your hands and your children's hands regularly, for instance after sneezing or coughing before touching other things or people.
Redno umivajte roke sebi in svojim otrokom, na primer po kihanju ali kašljanju pred dotikanjem drugih predmetov ali ljudi.
Explain to patients how to relieve symptoms of colds and flu without antibiotics.
Bolnikom razložite, kako lahko lajšajo simptome prehlada in gripe brez antibiotikov.
What is "inappropriate" use of antibiotics?
Kaj je »neustrezna« uporaba antibiotikov?
Some bacteria are naturally resistant to certain antibiotics (intrinsic or inherent resistance).
Nekatere bakterije so naravno odporne na nekatere antibiotike (notranja ali inherentna odpornost).
An antibiotic may be effective against only one or multiple types of bacteria.
Antibiotik lahko učinkuje proti samo eni ali več vrstam bakterij.
Advise patients why it is important that they comply with the treatment when they are prescribed antibiotics by a doctor.
Bolnike poučite, zakaj je pomembno, da pri zdravljenju upoštevajo navodila zdravnika, ki jim je predpisal antibiotike.
Such bacteria may eventually become resistant to all existing antibiotics.
Takšne bakterije lahko nazadnje postanejo odporne na vse obstoječe antibiotike.
On this basis, it is important to known when it is appropriate to take antibiotics and how to take antibiotics responsibly.
Zato je treba vedeti, kdaj je primerno jemati antibiotike in kako jih je mogoče jemati odgovorno.
This may delay getting the right treatment to patients and may result in complications, including death.
To lahko prepreči pravočasno ustrezno zdravljenje bolnika, kar lahko povzroči zaplete, vključno s smrtjo.
Because resistance is increasing and few new antibiotics have been discovered and marketed in recent years, the problem of antibiotic resistance is now a major public health threat.
Ker se odpornost povečuje, v zadnjih letih pa je bilo razvitih in danih v promet le malo novih antibiotikov, predstavlja problem odpornosti na antibiotike zdaj glavno grožnjo za javno zdravje.
While people still die in developing countries because they lack the correct antibiotic treatment, antibiotic resistance resulting from inappropriate use is causing concern in every continent.
Medtem ko v državah v razvoju ljudje še vedno umirajo zaradi pomanjkanja ustreznega zdravljenja z antibiotiki, je odpornost na antibiotike zaradi neustrezne uporabe razlog za zaskrbljenost na vseh celinah.
Are they related to antibiotics used in humans?
Ali so povezani z antibiotiki, ki se uporabljajo pri ljudeh?
Inappropriate use of antibiotics is a problem worldwide.
Neustrezna uporaba antibiotikov je težava globalne razsežnosti.
Which diseases are caused by resistant bacteria?
Katere bolezni povzročajo odporne bakterije?
When possible, prescribe an antibiotic that is specific to the infection and not "broad spectrum".
Kadar je mogoče, predpišite antibiotik, ki je specifičen za posamezno okužbo, in ne antibiotika s širokim spektrom delovanja.
Prescribe antibiotics only when necessary, according to evidence-based guidelines.
Antibiotike predpisujte le, kadar je treba, in sicer v skladu s smernicami, ki temeljijo na preteklih izkušnjah.
Keeping antibiotics effectives is everyone's responsibility.
Za ohranjanje učinkovitosti antibiotikov smo odgovorni vsi.
Antibiotic resistance is a natural occurrence caused by mutations in bacteria's genes.
Odpornost na antibiotike je naravni pojav, ki nastane zaradi mutacij genov bakterij.
Some countries launched national programmes, including public awareness campaigns, several years ago and have observed a decrease in both consumption of antibiotics and in antibiotic resistance.
Nekatere države so že pred nekaj leti oblikovale nacionalne programe, vključno s kampanjami za ozaveščanje javnosti, ter poročale o zmanjšanju tako porabe antibiotikov kot odpornosti na antibiotike.
The location of the infection depends on the bacteria and the patient's condition.
Predel okužbe je odvisen od vrste bakterije in zdravstvenega stanja bolnika.
Data from the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net) show that there is a gradient North-South with low rates in Scandinavian countries and the Netherlands and high rates in Southern Europe.
Iz podatkov evropskega sistema za spremljanje odpornosti na protimikrobna zdravila ( http://www.rivm.nl/earss/ ) je razvidno, da se odpornost postopno povečuje od severa proti jugu, pri čemer je za skandinavske države in Nizozemsko značilna nizka stopnja, za južno Evropo pa visoka stopnja odpornosti.
Before the discovery of antibiotics, thousands of people died from bacterial diseases, such as pneumonia or infection following surgery.
Pred odkritjem antibiotikov je na tisoče ljudi umiralo zaradi bakterijskih okužb, kot sta pljučnica ali okužba po operativnem posegu.
Treating infections due to resistant bacteria is a challenge: antibiotics commonly used are no longer effective and doctors have to choose other antibiotics.
Zdravljenje okužb, ki jih povzročajo odporne bakterije, je izziv: antibiotiki, ki se običajno uporabljajo, niso več učinkoviti, zato morajo zdravniki izbrati druge antibiotike.
Doctors and other healthcare professionals, e.g. pharmacists and nurses:
farmacevti in medicinske sestre:
Does the use of antibiotics in food-producing animals contribute to the problem?
Ali uporaba antibiotikov pri živalih za proizvodnjo živil prispeva k problemu?
Which antibiotics are used in food-producing animals?
Kateri antibiotiki se uporabljajo pri živalih za proizvodnjo živil?
In recent years, an increase in infections due to E. coli resistant to many antibiotics at the same time, including fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins, has been reported.
V preteklih letih so poročali o povečanju števila okužb z E. coli, odporno na več antibiotikov hkrati, vključno s flourokinoloni in cefalosporini tretje generacije.
E. coli is generally harmless but may sometimes cause infections, mainly urinary tract infections.
E. coli je običajno neškodljiva, vendar lahko včasih povzroči okužbe, predvsem okužbe sečil.
Antibiotics, also known as antimicrobial drugs, are medicines that can kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria to cure infections in people, animals and sometimes plants.
Antibiotiki, znani tudi kot protimikrobna zdravila, so zdravila, ki lahko ubijejo bakterije ali zaustavijo njihovo rast in s tem ozdravijo okužbe pri ljudeh, živalih in včasih tudi pri rastlinah.
MRSA is mainly acquired through direct contact from human to human or via equipment or medical devices.
MRSA se prenaša predvsem ob neposrednem stiku med ljudmi ali s priborom oz. z zdravstvenimi napravami.
A more worrying problem is when some bacteria, that are normally susceptible to antibiotics, become resistant as a result of genetic changes (acquired resistance).
Bolj zaskrbljujoče je, da nekatere bakterije, ki so v normalnih okoliščinah občutljive na antibiotike, postanejo odporne zaradi genetskih sprememb (pridobljena odpornost).
Antibiotics used to treat and prevent bacterial infections in animals belong to the same chemical groups as those used for humans: macrolides, tetracyclines, quinolones, beta-lactams, aminoglycosides.
Antibiotiki, ki se uporabljajo za zdravljenje in preprečevanje bakterijskih okužb pri živalih, sodijo v iste kemijske skupine kot antibiotiki, ki se uporabljajo pri ljudeh: makrolidi, tetraciklini, kvinoloni, beta laktami, aminoglikozidi.
Without antibiotics, we could return to the "pre-antibiotic era", when organ transplants, cancer chemotherapy, intensive care and other medical procedures would no longer be possible.
Brez antibiotikov bi se vrnili v obdobje, ko antibiotikov brez katerih presaditve organov, kemoterapija pri zdravljenju rakavih obolenj, intenzivna nega in drugi zdravstveni postopki ne bi bili več mogoči, še niso poznali.
When you use antibiotics incorrectly: if you shorten the duration of treatment, lower the doses, don't comply with the right frequency (taking the drug once a day instead of 2 or 3 times a day as directed), you won't have enough drug in your body and the bacteria will survive and may become resistant.
Neustrezna uporaba pomeni tudi nepravilno uporabo antibiotikov: če skrajšate trajanje zdravljenja, zmanjšate odmerke, antibiotikov ne jemljete tako pogosto, kot je predpisano (zdravilo vzamete enkrat na dan namesto 2- ali 3-krat na dan, kot je predpisano), v telesu nimate zadostne količine zdravila, zato bakterije preživijo in lahko postanejo odporne.
However, the major cause of antibiotic resistance in humans remains the use of antibiotics in human medicine.
Ne glede na to je glavni razlog za odpornost na antibiotike pri ljudeh uporaba antibiotikov v humani medicini.
Countries with lower resistance rates have generally lower use of antibiotics, whereas countries with higher antibiotic resistance rates use more antibiotics.
V državah z nižjo stopnjo odpornosti je poraba antibiotikov običajno manjša, medtem ko je v državah z višjo stopnjo odpornosti na antibiotike njihova poraba večja.
However, excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics accelerates the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Vendar pa prekomerna in neustrezna uporaba antibiotikov pospešuje nastanek in širjenje bakterij, odpornih na antibiotike.
The World Health Organization (WHO) issued a global strategy and guidelines to help countries in setting up systems to monitor antibiotic resistance and to implement efficient actions (for instance, insuring that antibiotics can only be purchased with prescription).
Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija (SZO) je objavila globalno strategijo in smernice za pomoč državam pri vzpostavljanju sistemov za spremljanje odpornosti na antibiotike in pri izvajanju učinkovitih ukrepov (npr.
In such cases, you won't improve your condition by taking antibiotics: antibiotics don't lower fever or symptoms like sneezing.
V takšnem primeru zdravstvenega stanja ne boste izboljšali z jemanjem antibiotikov: antibiotiki ne znižajo povišane telesne temperature, niti ne lajšajo simptomov, kot je kihanje.
Antibiotics are medicines for bacterial infections (such as pneumococcal pneumonia or staphylococcal bloodstream infections); antimicrobial drugs that are effective against viruses are usually called antiviral drugs (such as those for influenza, HIV and herpes).
Antibiotiki so zdravila proti bakterijskim okužbam (kot so pnevmokokna pljučnica ali okužbe krvnega obtoka s stafilokoki); protimikrobna zdravila, ki učinkujejo proti virusom, se običajno imenujejo protivirusna zdravila (kot so zdravila proti gripi, virusu HIV in herpesu).
Responsible use of antibiotics can help stop resistant bacteria from developing and help keep antibiotics effective for the use of future generations.
Odgovorna uporaba antibiotikov lahko pomaga zaustaviti širjenje odpornih bakterij in ohraniti učinkovitost antibiotikov za uporabo v prihodnjih generacijah.
Always use antibiotics under medical prescription, not using "leftovers" or antibiotics obtained without a prescription.
Vedno uporabljajte antibiotike, ki vam jih je predpisal zdravnik; ne uporabljajte ostankov zdravil ali antibiotikov, ki ste jih dobili brez recepta.
These resistant bacteria may spread and cause infections in other people who have not taken any antibiotics.
Te odporne bakterije se lahko širijo in povzročajo okužbe tudi pri osebah, ki niso jemale antibiotikov.
When you use antibiotics for the wrong reason: most colds and flu are caused by viruses against which antibiotics are NOT effective.
Neustrezna uporaba pomeni uporabo antibiotikov v napačen namen: večino prehladov in primerov gripe povzročajo virusi, proti katerim antibiotiki NISO učinkoviti.