natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
These collector assemblies are made of or protected by materials resistant to the heat and corrosion of uranium metal vapour, such as yttria-coated graphite or tantalum.
Izdelani so iz materiala, ki je odporen proti visokim temperaturam in koroziji s parami kovinskega urana, kot je grafit s prevleko iz itrija ali tantal, ali zaščiteni z njim.
Separator module housings
5.8.6 Ohišja ločevalnika
Cylindrical vessels especially designed or prepared for use in plasma separation enrichment plants for containing the uranium plasma source, radio-frequency drive coil and the &apos;product&apos; and &apos;tail&apos; collectors.
To so posebej konstruirane ali izdelane valjaste posode za uporabo v obratih za obogatitev urana s plazemskim ločevanjem, v katere se namestijo izvor plazme, radiofrekvenčna tuljava in zbiralniki »obogatenega« in »osiromašenega« urana.
These housings have a multiplicity of ports for electrical feed-throughs, diffusion pump connections and instrumentation diagnostics and monitoring.
Ta ohišja imajo več vhodov za napajanje z elektriko, priključke za difuzijsko črpalko ter opremo za diagnostiko in nadzor instrumentov.
They have provisions for opening and closure to allow for refurbishment of internal components and are constructed of a suitable non-magnetic material such as stainless steel.
Opremljena so s pripravami za odpiranje in zapiranje, kar omogoča obnavljanje notranjih sestavnih delov, in so izdelana iz primernega nemagnetnega materiala, kot je nerjavno jeklo.
Especially designed or prepared systems, equipment and components for use in electromagnetic enrichment plants
5.9 Posebej konstruirani ali izdelani sistemi, oprema in sestavni deli za uporabo v obratih za elektromagnetno obogatitev
In the electromagnetic process, uranium metal ions produced by ionisation of a salt feed material (typically UCl4) are accelerated and passed through a magnetic field that has the effect of causing the ions of different isotopes to follow different paths.
Pri elektromagnetnem postopku se ioni kovinskega urana, ki nastanejo z ionizacijo soli dovajanega materiala (običajno UCl4), pospešijo in vodijo skozi magnetno polje, ki povzroči, da gredo ioni različnih izotopov po različnih poteh.
The major components of an electromagnetic isotope separator include:
Glavni sestavni deli elektromagnetnega ločevalnika izotopov so:
a magnetic field for ion-beam diversion/separation of the isotopes, an ion source with its acceleration system, and a collection system for the separated ions.
magnetno polje za odklanjanje in ločevanje izotopov v ionskem curku, ionski vir s pospeševalnim sistemom in zbiralni sistem za ločene ione.
Auxiliary systems for the process include the magnet power supply system, the ion source high-voltage power supply system, the vacuum system, and extensive chemical handling systems for recovery of product and cleaning/recycling of components.
Pomožni sistemi za ta postopek so: napajalni sistem za magnet, visokonapetostni napajalni sistem za ionski vir, vakuumski sistem in obsežni kemični sistemi za ravnanje s proizvodom ter čiščenje in recikliranje sestavnih delov.
Electromagnetic isotope separators
5.9.1 Elektromagnetni ločevalniki izotopov
Electromagnetic isotope separators, especially designed or prepared for the separation of uranium isotopes, and equipment and components therefor, including:
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani elektromagnetni ločevalniki izotopov, oprema in sestavni deli za ločevanje uranovih izotopov in obsegajo:
(a) ion sources
(a) ionske izvore
Especially designed or prepared single or multiple uranium ion sources consisting of a vapour source, ioniser, and beam accelerator, constructed of suitable materials such as graphite, stainless steel, or copper, and capable of providing a total ion beam current of 50 mA or greater;
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani enojni ali večkratni izvori uranovih ionov, ki so sestavljeni iz izvora uranove pare, ionizatorja in pospeševalnika ionskega curka, izdelani pa so iz primernega materiala, kot je grafit, nerjavno jeklo ali baker, ter so sposobni zagotavljati ionski curek s skupno jakostjo najmanj 50 mA;
(b) ion collectors
(b) zbiralnike ionov
Collector plates consisting of two or more slits and pockets especially designed or prepared for collection of enriched and depleted uranium ion beams and constructed of suitable materials such as graphite or stainless steel;
To so posebej konstruirane ali izdelane zbiralne plošče z dvema ali več zarezami in žepi za zbiranje ionskih curkov obogatenega in osiromašenega urana in so izdelane iz primernega materiala, kot je grafit ali nerjavno jeklo;
c) vacuum housings
(c) vakuumska ohišja
The housings are specially designed to contain the ion sources, collector plates and water-cooled liners and have provision for diffusion pump connections and opening and closure for removal and reinstallation of these components.
Ohišja so posebej konstruirana za vgradnjo ionskih virov, zbiralnih plošč in vložkov za vhodno hlajenje s priključki za difuzijsko črpalko, z odprtino in pokrovom za odstranjevanje in ponovno vgradnjo teh sestavnih delov.
(d) Magnet pole pieces
(d) magnetne pole
Especially designed or prepared magnet pole pieces having a diameter greater than 2 m used to maintain a constant magnetic field within a electromagnetic isotope separator and to transfer the magnetic field between adjoining separators.
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani magnetni poli s premerom nad 2 m za vzdrževanje stalnega magnetnega polja znotraj elektromagnetnega ločevalnika izotopov in za prenos magnetnega polja med sosednjimi ločevalniki.
High voltage power supplies
5.9.2 Viri visoke napetosti
Especially designed or prepared high-voltage power supplies for ion sources, having all of the following characteristics:
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani viri visoke napetosti z vsemi naslednjimi značilnostmi:
capable of continuous operation, output voltage of 20 000 V or greater, output current of 1 A or greater, and voltage regulation of better than 0,01 % over a period of eight hours.
sposobnostjo neprekinjenega delovanja, izhodne napetosti najmanj 20.000 V, jakosti izhodnega toka najmanj 1 A in regulacije napetosti, boljše kot 0,01% v časovnem obdobju osmih ur.
Magnet power supplies
5.9.3 Viri energije za magnete
Especially designed or prepared high-power, direct current magnet power supplies having all of the following characteristics:
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani viri enosmernega toka za elektromagnete z vsemi naslednjimi značilnostmi:
capable of continuously producing a current output of 500 A or greater at a voltage of 100 V or greater and with a current or voltage regulation better than 0.01% over a period of 8 hours.
sposobnostjo neprekinjenega proizvajanja izhodnega toka z jakostjo najmanj 500 A pri napetostih najmanj 100 V in regulacije napetosti ali toka, boljše kot 0,01% v časovnem obdobju osmih ur.
PLANTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HEAVY WATER, DEUTERIUM AND DEUTERIUM COMPOUNDS AND EQUIPMENT ESPECIALLY DESIGNED OR PREPARED THEREFOR
OBRATI ZA PRIDOBIVANJE TEŽKE VODE, DEVTERIJA IN DEVTERIJEVIH SPOJIN TER POSEBEJ KONSTRUIRANA ALI IZDELANA OPREMA V TA NAMEN
Heavy water can be produced by a variety of processes.
Težka voda se lahko pridobiva z več različnimi postopki.
However, the two processes that have proven to be commercially viable are the water-hydrogen sulphide exchange process (GS process) and the ammonia-hydrogen exchange process.
Komercialno uspešna pa sta se izkazala izmenjevalni postopek voda vodikov sulfid (postopek GS) in izmenjevalni postopek amoniak vodik.
The GS process is based upon the exchange of hydrogen an deuterium between water and hydrogen sulphide within a series of towers which are operated with the top section cold and the bottom section hot.
Postopek GS temelji na izmenjavi vodika in devterija med vodo in vodikovim sulfidom znotraj zaporedja stolpov, ki delujejo tako, da je njihov zgornji del hladen in spodnji del vroč.
Water flows down the towers while the hydrogen sulphide gas circulates from the bottom to the top of the towers.
Voda teče po stolpih navzdol, plinasti vodikov sulfid pa kroži od dna proti vrhu stolpov.
A series of perforated trays are used to promote mixing between the gas and the water.
Niz perforiranih plošč pospešuje medsebojno mešanje plina in vode.
Deuterium migrates to the water at low temperatures and to the hydrogen sulphide at high temperatures.
Devterij pri nizkih temperaturah prehaja v vodo, pri visokih pa v vodikov sulfid.
Gas or water, enriched in deuterium, is removed from the first stage towers at the junction of the hot and cold sections and the process is repeated in subsequent stage towers.
Plin ali voda, obogatena z devterijem, se odvzema iz stolpov prve stopnje na stiku vročih in hladnih delov, postopek pa se potem ponavlja v stolpih nadaljnjih stopenj.
The product of the last stage, water enriched up to 30% in deuterium, is sent to a distillation unit to produce reactor grade heavy water, i.e., 99.75% deuterium oxide.
Proizvod zadnje stopnje, voda, obogatena do 30% z devterijem, se pošlje v destilacijsko enoto, v kateri se pridobi težka voda reaktorske kakovosti; t. j. 99,75 odstotni devterijev oksid.
The ammonia-hydrogen exchange process can extract deuterium from synthesis gas through contact with liquid ammonia in the presence of a catalyst.
Izmenjevalni postopek amoniak vodik lahko izloči devterij iz sinteznega plina ob stiku s tekočim amoniakom ob prisotnosti katalizatorja.
The synthesis gas is fed into exchange towers and to an ammonia converter.
Sintezni plin se dovaja v izmenjevalne stolpe in v pretvornik amoniaka.
Inside the towers the gas flows from the bottom to the top while the liquid ammonia flows from the top to the bottom.
V notranjosti stolpov teče plin od dna proti vrhu, tekoči amoniak pa teče od vrha proti dnu.
The deuterium is stripped from the hydrogen in the synthesis gas and concentrated in the ammonia.
Devterij se izloči iz vodika v sinteznem plinu in se koncentrira v amoniaku.
The ammonia then flows into an ammonia cracker at the bottom of the tower while the gas flows into an ammonia converter at the top.
Amoniak potem teče v razgrajevalnik amoniaka na dnu stolpa, plin pa teče v pretvornik amoniaka na vrhu.
Further enrichment takes place in subsequent stages and reactor grade heavy water is produced through final distillation.
Nadaljnja obogatitev poteka v nadaljnjih stopnjah, težka voda reaktorske kakovosti pa se pridobi s končno destilacijo.
The synthesis gas feed can be provided by an ammonia plant that, in turn, can be constructed in association with a heavy water ammonia-hydrogen exchange plant.
Sintezni plin se lahko dovaja iz obrata za pridobivanje amoniaka, tega pa je mogoče zgraditi v sklopu obrata za težko vodo po izmenjevalnem postopku amoniak vodik.
The ammonia-hydrogen exchange process can also use ordinary water as a feed source of deuterium.
Za izmenjevalni postopek amoniak vodik se kot vir devterija lahko uporabi tudi navadna voda.
Many of the key equipment items for heavy water production plants using GS or the ammonia-hydrogen exchange processes are common to several segments of the chemical and petroleum industries.
Veliko ključnih postavk opreme obratov za pridobivanje težke vode z izmenjevalnim postopkom GS ali pa izmenjevalnim postopkom amoniak vodik je skupnih večjemu številu segmentov kemične in naftne industrije.
This is particularly so for small plants using the GS process.
To še posebej velja za majhne obrate, v katerih se uporablja postopek GS.
However, few of the items are available &apos;off-the shelf.
Le malo postavk te opreme je na voljo v »redni prodaji«.
The GS and ammonia-hydrogen processes require the handling of large quantities of flammable, corrosive and toxic fluids at elevated pressures.
Postopek GS in postopek amoniak vodik zahtevata ravnanje z večjimi količinami vnetljivih, korozivnih in strupenih tekočin pri visokem tlaku.
Accordingly, in establishing the design and operating standards for plants and equipment using these processes, careful attention to the materials selection and specifications is required to ensure long service life with high safety and reliability factors.
V skladu s tem je treba pri izdelavi načrtovalnih in obratovalnih standardov za obrate in opremo, namenjeno tem postopkom, posvetiti veliko pozornost izbiri materialov in specifikacijam, da se tako zagotovi dolga življenjska doba z visoko varnostjo in zanesljivostjo.
The choice of scale is primarily a function of economics and need.
Izbira je predvsem odvisna od gospodarskih dejavnikov in potreb.
Thus, most of the equipment items would be prepared according to the requirements of the customer.
Večina postavk te opreme se zato izdela v skladu z zahtevami kupca.
Finally, it should be noted that, in both the GS and the ammonia-hydrogen exchange processes, items of equipment which individually are not especially designed or prepared for heavy water production can be assembled into systems which are especially designed or prepared for producing heavy water.
Treba je tudi pripomniti, da je mogoče tako v izmenjevalnem postopku GS kakor tudi v izmenjevalnem postopku amoniak vodik postavke opreme, ki vsaka zase sicer ni posebej konstruirana ali izdelana za pridobivanje težke vode, medsebojno povezati v sisteme, ki so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani za pridobivanje težke vode.
The catalyst production system used in the ammonia-hydrogen exchange process and water distillation systems used for the final concentration of heavy water to reactor-grade in either process are examples of such systems.
Primeri takšnih sistemov so: katalitski sistem, ki se uporablja v izmenjevalnem postopku amoniak vodik, in sistemi za destilacijo vode, ki se pri obeh postopkih uporabljajo za končno koncentriranje težke vode do reaktorske kakovosti.
The items of equipment which are especially designed or prepared for the production of heavy water utilising either the water-hydrogen sulphide exchange process or the ammonia-hydrogen exchange process include the following:
Posebej konstruirane ali izdelane postavke opreme za pridobivanje težke vode z izmenjevalnim postopkom voda-vodikov sulfid ali izmenjevalnim postopkom amoniak-vodik vključujejo naslednje:
Water - hydrogen sulphide exchange towers
6.1 Stolpi za izmenjavo voda-vodikov sulfid
Blowers and compressors
6.2 Puhala in kompresorji
Single stage, low head (i.e., 0,2 MPa or 30 psi) centrifugal blowers or compressors for hydrogen-sulphide gas circulation (i.e., gas containing more than 70 % H2S) especially designed or prepared for heavy water production utilising the water-hydrogen sulphide exchange process.
To so nizkotlačna enostopenjska centrifugalna puhala ali kompresorji (tj. 0,2 MPa ali 30 psi) za kroženje vodikovega sulfida (tj. plina z več kot 70% H2S), posebej konstruirani ali izdelani za pridobivanje težke vode z izmenjevalnim postopkom voda-vodikov sulfid.
These blowers or compressors have a throughput capacity greater than or equal to 56 m3/second (120,000 SCFM) while operating at pressures greater than or equal to 1.8 MPa (260 psi) suction and have seals designed for wet H2S service.
Imajo pretočno zmogljivost vsaj 56 m3/sekundo pri obratovalnem tlaku vsaj 1,8 MPa ter tesnila, primerna za obratovanje v okolju z mokrim H2S.
Ammonia-hydrogen exchange towers
6.3 Izmenjevalni stolpi za sistem amoniak-vodik
Ammonia-hydrogen exchange towers greater than or equal to 35 m (114,3&apos; in height with diameters of 1,5 m (4,9&apos; to 2,5 m (8,2&apos;) capable of operating at pressures greater than 15 MPa (2225 psi) especially designed or prepared for heavy water production utilising the ammonia-hydrogen exchange process.
To so izmenjevalni stolpi, visoki najmanj 35 m (114,3&apos;), s premerom od 1,5 m (4,9&apos;) do 2,5 m (8,2&apos;) za obratovanje pri tlakih nad 15 MPa (2225 psi) in so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani za pridobivanje težke vode z izmenjevalnim postopkom amoniak-vodik.
These towers also have at least one flanged axial opening of the same diameter as the cylindrical part through which the tower internals can be inserted or withdrawn.
Ti stolpi imajo vsaj eno aksialno odprtino s prirobnico z enakim premerom kot valj skozi katero se lahko vstavijo ali odstranijo notranji deli stolpa.
Tower internals and stage pumps
6.4 Notranji deli stolpov in stopenjske črpalke
Tower internals and stage pumps especially designed or prepared for towers for heavy water production utilising the ammonia-hydrogen exchange process.
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani notranji deli stolpov in stopenjske črpalke za pridobivanje težke vode z izmenjevalnim postopkom amoniak-vodik.
Tower internals include especially designed stage contactors which promote intimate gas/liquid contact.
Notranji deli stolpov so posebej konstruirani stopenjski kontaktorji, ki omogočajo neposreden stik med plinom in tekočino.
Stage pumps include especially designed submersible pumps for circulation of liquid ammonia within a contacting stage internal to the stage towers.
Stopenjske črpalke so posebej konstruirane potopne črpalke za kroženje amoniaka znotraj kontaktnih stopenj v stolpih.
Ammonia crackers
6.5 Razgrajevalniki amoniaka
Ammonia crackers with operating pressures greater than or equal to 3 MPa (450 psi) especially designed or prepared for heavy water production utilising the ammonia-hydrogen exchange process.
To so posebej konstruirane ali izdelane naprave z delovnim tlakom najmanj 3 MPa (450 psi) za pridobivanje težke vode z izmenjavalnim postopkom amoniak-vodik.
Infrared absorption analysers
6.6 Infrardeči absorpcijski analizatorji
Infrared absorption analysers capable of on-line hydrogen/deuterium ratio analysis where deuterium concentrations are equal to or greater than 90 %.
Infrardeči absorpcijski analizatorji za neposredno analizo razmerja med vodikom in devterijem pri koncentracijah devterija so najmanj 90%.
Catalytic burners
6.7 Katalitski gorilniki
Catalytic burners for the conversion of enriched deuterium gas into heavy water especially designed or prepared for heavy water production utilising the ammonia-hydrogen exchange process.
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani katalitski gorilniki za pretvorbo obogatenega devterija v težko vodo, ki se uporabljajo v obratih za pridobivanje težke vode z izmenjevalnim postopkom amoniak-vodik.
PLANTS FOR THE CONVERSION OF URANIUM AND EQUIPMENT ESPECIALLY DESIGNED OR PREPARED THEREFOR
OBRATI ZA PRETVORBO URANA IN OPREMA, KI JE POSEBEJ KONSTRUIRANA ALI IZDELANA V TA NAMEN
Uranium conversion plants and systems may perform one or more transformations from one uranium chemical species to another, including:
V obratih in sistemih za pretvorbo urana se lahko izvede ena ali več pretvorb iz ene kemične spojine urana v drugo, vključno s:
conversion of uranium ore concentrates to UO3, conversion of UO3 to UO2, conversion of uranium oxides to UF4 or UF6, conversion of UF4 to UF6, conversion of UF6 to UF4, conversion of UF4 to uranium metal, and conversion of uranium fluorides to UO2.
pretvorbo koncentratov uranove rude v UO3, pretvorbo UO3 v UO2, pretvorbo uranovih oksidov v UF4 ali UF6, pretvorbo UF4 v UF6, pretvorbo UF6 v UF4, pretvorbo UF4 v kovinski uran in pretvorbo uranovih fluoridov v UO2.
Many of the key equipment items for uranium conversion plants are common to several segments of the chemical process industry.
Veliko ključnih postavk opreme obratov za pretvorbo urana je skupnih večjemu številu segmentov kemične predelovalne industrije.
For example, the types of equipment employed in these processes may include:
Na primer: vrste opreme, ki se uporabljajo v teh postopkih, so lahko:
furnaces, rotary kilns, fluidised bed reactors, flame tower reactors, liquid centrifuges, distillation columns and liquid-liquid extraction columns.
peči, rotacijske peči, reaktorji s fluidiziranim slojem, reaktorji s plamensko kolono, centrifuge za tekočine, destilacijske kolone in kolone za ekstrakcijo med tekočinama.
However, few of the items are available &apos;off-the-shelf&apos;, most would be prepared according to the requirements and specifications of the customer.
Le malo teh postavk je na voljo v »redni prodaji«, saj se večina izdela v skladu z zahtevami in specifikacijami kupca.
In some instances, special design and construction considerations are required to address the corrosive properties of some of the chemicals handled (HF, F2, CIF3, and uranium fluorides).
V nekaterih primerih je treba pri konstrukciji in izdelavi posvetiti posebno pozornost korozivnim lastnostim nekaterih uporabljenih kemikalij (HF, F2, ClF3 in uranovi fluoridi).
Finally, it should be noted that, in all of the uranium conversion processes, items of equipment which individually are not especially designed or prepared for uranium conversion can be assembled into systems which are especially designed or prepared for use in uranium conversion.
Opozoriti je tudi treba, da je mogoče pri vseh postopkih za pretvorbo urana postavke opreme, ki vsaka zase niso posebej konstruirane ali izdelane za pretvorbo urana, povezati v take sisteme, ki so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani za uporabo pri pretvorbi urana.
Especially designed or prepared systems for the conversion of uranium ore concentrates to UO3
7.1 Posebej konstruirani ali izdelani sistemi za pretvorbo koncentratov uranove rude v UO3
Conversion of uranium ore concentrates to UO3 can be performed by first dissolving the ore in nitric acid and extracting purified uranyl nitrate using a solvent such as tributyl phosphate.
Pretvorba koncentratov uranove rude v UO3 se lahko izvede tako, da se ruda najprej raztopi v dušikovi kislini in z uporabo topila, kot je tributilfosfat, izloči prečiščen uranilnitrat.
Next, the uranyl nitrate is converted to UO3 either by concentration and denitration or by neutralization with gaseous ammonia to produce ammonium diuranate with subsequent filtering, drying, and calcining.
Nato se uranilnitrat pretvori v UO3 s koncentriranjem in denitriranjem ali pa z nevtralizacijo s plinastim amoniakom, pri čemer nastane amonijev diuranat, zatem sledijo filtriranje, sušenje in kalciniranje.
Especially designed or prepared systems for the conversion of UO3 to UF6
7.2 Posebej konstruirani ali izdelani sistemi za pretvorbo UO3 v UF6
Conversion of UO3 to UF6 can be performed directly by fluorination.
Pretvorba UO3 v UF6 se lahko izvede neposredno s fluoriranjem.
The process requires a source of fluorine gas or chlorine trifluoride.
Postopek zahteva vir plinastega flouora ali klorovega trifluorida.
Especially designed or prepared systems for the conversion of UO3 to UO2
7.3 Posebej konstruirani ali izdelani sistemi za pretvorbo UO3 v UO2
Conversion of UO3 to UO2 can be performed through reduction of UO3 with cracked ammonia gas or hydrogen.
Pretvorbo UO3 v UO2 se lahko izvede z redukcijo UO3 s termično razgrajenim amoniakom ali vodikom.
Especially designed or prepared systems for the conversion of UO2 to UF4
7.4 Posebej konstruirani ali izdelani sistemi za pretvorbo UO2 v UF4
Conversion of UO2 to UF4 can be performed by reacting UO2 with hydrogen fluoride gas (HF) at 300-500 °C.
Pretvorbo UO2 v UF4 se lahko izvede z reakcijo UO2 s plinastim vodikovim fluoridom (HF) pri 300 do 500 °C.
Conversion of UF4 to UF6 is performed by exothermic reaction with fluorine in a tower reactor.
Pretvorba UF4 v UF6 se izvede z eksotermno reakcijo s fluorom v kolonskem reaktorju.
UF6 is condensed from the hot effluent gases by passing the effluent stream through a cold trap cooled to -10 °C. The process requires a source of fluorine gas.
UF6 se kondenzira iz vročih iztekajočih plinov tako, da se njihov tok spusti preko hladne pasti, ohlajene na -10 °C. Postopek zahteva vir plinastega fluora.
Especially designed or prepared systems for the conversion of UF4 to U metal
7.6 Posebej konstruirani ali izdelani sistemi za pretvorbo UF6 v kovinski uran
Conversion UF4 to U metal is performed by reduction with magnesium (large batches) or calcium (small batches).
Pretvorba UF4 v kovinski uran se izvede z redukcijo z magnezijem (za velike šarže) ali s kalcijem (za majhne šarže).
The reaction is carried out at temperatures above the melting point of uranium (1 130 °C).
Reakcija poteka pri temperaturah nad tališčem urana (1130 °C).