natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
These processes, including the complete systems for plutonium conversion and plutonium metal production, may be identified by the measures taken to avoid criticality (e.g. by geometry), radiation exposure (e.g. by shielding), and toxicity hazards (e.g. by containment).
Ta proces, vključno s celovitim sistemom za pretvorbo plutonija in za izdelavo plutonijeve kovine, se lahko prepozna po ukrepih za preprečevanje kritičnosti (npr. z geometrijo), izpostavljenosti sevanju (npr. s ščitenjem) in za preprečevanje nevarnosti zastrupitve (npr. z osamitvijo).
Items of equipment that are considered to fall within the meaning of the phrase &apos;and equipment especially designed or prepared&apos; for the reprocessing of irradiated fuel elements include:
Postavke opreme, za katere se šteje, da zanje velja besedna zveza »posebej konstruirana ali izdelana oprema« za predelavo obsevanih gorivnih elementov, obsegajo:
Irradiated fuel element chopping machines
5.6 Stroji za rezanje obsevanih gorivnih elementov
This equipment breaches the cladding of the fuel to expose the irradiated nuclear material to dissolution.
Ta oprema prebije oblogo goriva in tako izpostavi obsevani jedrski material raztopitvi.
Especially designed metal cutting shears are the most commonly employed, although advanced equipment, such as lasers, may be used.
Najpogosteje se uporabljajo posebej zasnovane kovinske rezalne škarje, čeprav se lahko uporablja tudi sodobnejša oprema, kot npr. laserji.
Remotely operated equipment especially designed or prepared for use in a reprocessing plant as identified above and intended to cut, chop or shear irradiated nuclear fuel assemblies, bundles or rods.
Daljinsko upravljana oprema, ki je posebej konstruirana ali izdelana za uporabo v obratih za predelavo obsevanega jedrskega goriva in se uporablja za rezanje, sekanje ali striženje gorivnih svežnjev ali palic.
Dissolvers
3.2 Posode za raztapljanje
Dissolvers normally receive the chopped-up spent fuel.
V posode za raztapljanje se običajno daje razsekano izrabljeno gorivo.
In these critically safe vessels, the irradiated nuclear material is dissolved in nitric acid and the remaining hulls removed from the process stream.
V teh kritično varnih posodah se obsevano jedrsko gorivo raztopi v dušikovi kislini in se preostale obloge odstranijo iz postopka.
Critically safe tanks (e.g. small diameter, annular or slab tanks) especially designed or prepared for use in a reprocessing plant as identified above, intended for dissolution of irradiated nuclear fuel and which are capable of withstanding hot, highly corrosive liquid, and which can be remotely loaded and maintained.
Kritično varne posode (na primer posode majhnega premera obročaste ali ploščate oblike), posebej konstruirane ali izdelane za uporabo v obratih za predelavo obsevanega jedrskega goriva, se uporabljajo za raztapljanje jedrskega goriva. Odporne so proti vročim, močno korozivnim tekočinam in omogočajo daljinsko upravljano polnjenje in vzdrževanje.
Solvent extractors and solvent extraction equipment
3.3 Solventni ekstraktorji in oprema zanje
Solvent extractors both receive the solution of irradiated fuel from the dissolvers and the organic solution which separates the uranium, plutonium, and fission products.
V solventnem ekstraktorju sta tako raztopina obsevanega goriva iz posod za raztapljanje kot tudi organska raztopina, s katero se ločujejo uran, plutonij in produkti cepitve.
Solvent extraction equipment is normally designed to meet strict operating parameters, such as long operating lifetimes with no maintenance requirements or adaptability to easy replacement, simplicity of operation and control, and flexibility for variations in process conditions.
Oprema za solventno ekstrakcijo je običajno zasnovana tako, da ustreza strogim obratovalnim parametrom, kot so dolga obratovalna življenjska doba brez potrebe po vzdrževanju ali z možnostjo enostavne zamenjave, enostavnost delovanja in nadzora ter prilagodljivost različnim razmeram, v katerih postopek poteka.
Especially designed or prepared solvent extractors such as packed or pulse columns, mixer settlers or centrifugal contactors for use in a plant for the reprocessing of irradiated fuel.
Posebej konstruirani ali izdelani solventni ekstraktorji, kot na primer pulzne kolone, mešalni usedalniki ali centrifugalni kontaktorji, ki se uporabljajo v obratih za predelavo obsevanega goriva.
Solvent extractors must be resistant to the corrosive effect of nitric acid.
Solventni ekstraktorji morajo biti odporni proti koroziji z dušikovo kislino.
Solvent extractors are normally fabricated to extremely high standards (including special welding and inspection and quality assurance and quality control techniques) out of low carbon stainless steels, titanium, zirconium, or other high quality materials.
Običajno so narejeni po izjemno visokih industrijskih standardih (vključno s posebim varjenjem, inšpekcijo, z uporabo kontrole kakovosti in za zagotavljanje kakovosti iz nizkoogljičnega nerjavnega jekla, titana, cirkonija ali drugih visokokakovostnih materialov.
Chemical holding or storage vessels
3.4 Posode za shranjevanje kemikalij
Three main process liquor streams result from the solvent extraction step.
Rezultat faze s solventna ekstrakcijo so trije glavni procesni tokovi procesne tekočine.
Holding or storage vessels are used in the further processing of all three streams, as follows:
Pri nadaljnji obdelavi vseh treh tokov se uporabljajo zadrževalne ali shranjevalne posode, in sicer:
(a) the pure uranium nitrate solution is concentrated by evaporation and passed to a denitration process where it is converted to uranium oxide.
(a) raztopina čistega uranovega nitrata se koncentrira s pomočjo uparjanja in se prenese v postopek denitracije, kjer se pretvori v uranov oksid.
This oxide is reused in the nuclear fuel cycle;
Ta oksid se ponovno uporabi v jedrskem gorivnem ciklu;
(b) the intensely radioactive fission products solution is normally concentrated by evaporation and stored as a liquor concentrate.
(b) raztopina intenzivno radioaktivnih produktov cepitve se običajno koncentrira z uparjanjem in shranjuje kot koncentrat procesne tekočine.
This concentrate may be subsequently evaporated and converted to a form suitable for storage or disposal;
Ta koncentrat se lahko kasneje uparja in pretvori v obliko, ki je primerna za shranjevanje ali odstranjevanje;
(c) the pure plutonium nitrate solution is concentrated and stored pending its transfer to further process steps.
(c) raztopina čistega plutonijevega nitrata se koncentrira in shrani, dokler ne gre v nadaljnji postopek.
In particular, holding or storage vessels for plutonium solutions are designed to avoid criticality problems resulting from changes in concentration and form of this stream.
Zlasti pa so posode za zadrževanje ali shranjevanje plutonijevih raztopin zasnovane tako, da ne pride do kritičnosti, ki lahko nastane zaradi sprememb koncentracije in oblike tega toka.
Especially designed or prepared holding or storage vessels for use in a plant for the reprocessing of irradiated fuel. The holding or storage vessels must be resistant to the corrosive effect of nitric acid.
Posebej konstruirane ali izdelane zadrževalne ali shranjevalne posode, ki se uporabljajo v obratih za predelavo obsevanega goriva, morajo biti odporne proti koroziji z dušikovo kislino.
The holding or storage vessels are normally fabricated of materials such as low carbon stainless steels, titanium or zirconium, or other high quality materials.
Običajno so narejene iz nizkoogljičnega nerjavnega jekla, titana, cirkonija ali drugih visokokakovostnih materialov.
Holding or storage vessels may be designed for remote operation and maintenance and may have the following features for control of nuclear criticality:
Opremljene so lahko z daljinskim upravljanjem in vzdrževanjem ter imajo lahko naslednje lastnosti za nadzor jedrske kritičnosti:
(1)walls or internal structures with a boron equivalent of at least 2 %, or
(1) stene ali notranji deli, izdelani iz materialov, ki vsebujejo najmanj 2% ekvivalenta bora, ali
(2) a maximum diameter of 175 mm (7&quot;) for cylindrical vessels, or
(2) največji premer 175 mm (7”) za valjaste oblike ali
(3) a maximum width of 75 mm (3&quot;) for either a slab or annular vessel.
(3) največjo širino 75 mm (3”) za ploščate ali obročaste oblike.
Plutonium nitrate to oxide conversion system
3.5 Sistem za pretvorbo plutonijevega nitrata v plutonijev oksid
In most reprocessing facilities, this final process involves the conversion of the plutonium nitrate solution to plutonium dioxide.
V večini predelovalnih obratov obsega ta končni postopek pretvorbo raztopine plutonijevega nitrata v plutonijev dioksid.
The main functions involved in this process are:
Glavne funkcije tega postopka so:
process feed storage and adjustment, precipitation and solid/liquor separation, calcination, product handling, ventilation, waste management, and process control.
skladiščenje in prilagajanje dovajanega procesnega materiala, obarjanje in ločevanje na trdno snov in procesno tekočino, kalciniranje, ravnanje s produkti, prezračevanje, ravnanje z odpadki in nadziranje postopka.
Complete systems especially designed or prepared for the conversion of plutonium nitrate to plutonium oxide, in particular adapted so as to avoid criticality and radiation effects and to minimise toxicity hazards.
Celotni sistemi, posebej konstruirani ali izdelani za pretvorbo plutonijevega nitrata v plutonijev oksid, so posebej prirejeni, da preprečijo jedrsko kritičnost in učinke sevanja ter zmanjšajo nevarnost zastrupitev na najnižjo možno mero.
Plutonium oxide to metal production system
3.6 Sistem za pretvorbo plutonijevega oksida v kovinski plutonij
This process, which could be related to a reprocessing facility, involves the fluorination of plutonium dioxide, normally with highly corrosive hydrogen fluoride, to produce plutonium fluoride which is subsequently reduced using high purity calcium metal to produce metallic plutonium and a calcium fluoride slag.
Ta postopek, ki je lahko povezan s predelovalnim obratom, vključuje fluoriranje plutonijevega dioksida, običajno z visoko korozivnim vodikovim fluoridom, pri čemer nastane plutonijev fluorid, ki se potem reducira z uporabo kovinskega kalcija visoke čistosti, tako da nastaneta kovinski plutonij in žlindra kalcijevega fluorida.
fluorination (e.g. involving equipment fabricated or lined with a precious metal), metal reduction (e.g. employing ceramic crucibles), slag recovery, product handling, ventilation, waste management and process control.
fluoriranje (npr. z opremo, ki je izdelana iz plemenite kovine ali prevlečena z njo), redukcija kovine (npr. z uporabo keramičnih talilnikov), recikliranje žlindre, ravnanje s produkti, prezračevanje, ravnanje z odpadki in nadzor postopka.
Complete systems especially designed or prepared for the production of plutonium metal, in particular adapted so as to avoid criticality and radiation effects and to minimise toxicity hazards.
Celotni sistemi, posebej konstruirani ali izdelani za pretvorbo plutonijevega oksida v kovinski plutonij, so posebej prirejeni, da preprečijo jedrsko kritičnost in učinke sevanja ter zmanjšajo nevarnost zastrupitev na najnižjo možno mero.
PLANTS FOR THE FABRICATION OF FUEL ELEMENTS
OBRATI ZA PROIZVODNJO GORIVNIH ELEMENTOV
A &apos;plant for the fabrication of fuel elements&apos; includes the equipment:
»Obrati za proizvodnjo gorivnih elementov« sestojijo iz opreme, ki
(a) which normally comes in direct contact with, or directly processes, or controls, the production flow of nuclear material, or
(a) običajno pride v neposredni stik z jedrskim materialom ali neposredno predeluje ali preverja pretok jedrskega materiala ali pa
(b) which seals the nuclear material within the cladding.
(b) neprepustno zapre jedrski material v oblogo goriva.
PLANTS FOR THE SEPARATION OF ISOTOPES OF URANIUM AND EQUIPMENT, OTHER THAN ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS, ESPECIALLY DESIGNED OR PREPARED THEREFOR
OBRATI ZA LOČEVANJE URANOVIH IZOTOPOV IN OPREMA, RAZEN ANALITIČNIH INSTRUMENTOV, POSEBEJ KONSTRUIRANA IN IZDELANA V TA NAMEN
Items of equipment that are considered to fall within the meaning of the phrase &apos;equipment, other than analytical instruments, especially designed or prepared&apos; for the separation of isotopes of uranium include:
Postavke opreme, za katere se šteje, da zanje velja besedna zveza »oprema, razen analitičnih inštrumentov, posebej konstruirana in izdelana« za ločevanje izotopov urana, obsegajo:
Gas centrifuges and assemblies and components especially designed or prepared for use in gas centrifuges
5.6 Plinske centrifuge ter sestavni deli in sklopi, ki so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani za uporabo v plinskih centrifugah
The gas centrifuge normally consists of a thin-walled cylinder(s) of between 75 mm (3&quot;) and 400 mm (16&quot;) diameter contained in a vacuum environment and spun at high peripheral speed of the order of 300 m/s or more with its central axis vertical.
Plinska centrifuga je običajno sestavljena iz tankostenskega valja (valjev) s premerom od 75 mm (3”) do 400 mm (16”), ki je v vakuumu in se vrti z visoko obodno hitrostjo razreda velikosti 300 m/s ali več, pri čemer je njegova osrednja os navpična.
In order to achieve high speed the materials of construction for the rotating components have to be of a high strength to density ratio and the rotor assembly, and hence its individual components, have to be manufactured to very close tolerances in order to minimise the imbalance.
Za dosego visoke hitrosti morajo imeti konstrukcijski materiali vrtljivih sestavnih delov visoko razmerje med trdnostjo in gostoto; sklop rotorja - in zato tudi njegovi posamezni sestavni deli - pa morajo biti izdelani z majhnimi dopustnimi odstopanji, da se zmanjša neuravnoteženost na najmanjšo možno mero.
In contrast to other centrifuges, the gas centrifuge for uranium enrichment is characterised by having within the rotor chamber a rotating disc-shaped baffle(s) and a stationary tube arrangement for feeding and extracting to UF6 gas and featuring at least three separate channels, of which two are connected to scoops extending from the rotor axis towards the periphery of the rotor chamber.
V primerjavi z drugimi centrifugami je za plinsko centrifugo za obogatitev urana značilno, da ima znotraj rotorske komore vrtljivo loputo diskaste oblike in mirujoč cevni sestav za dovajanje in odvajanje plinastega UF6, ki ga sestavljajo vsaj trije ločeni kanali, od katerih sta dva priključena na lopatice, ki potekajo od osi rotorja proti obodu rotorske komore.
Also contained within the vacuum environment are a number of critical items which do not rotate and which although they are especially designed are not difficult to fabricate nor are they fabricated out of unique materials.
V vakuumu je tudi več kritičnih elementov, ki se ne vrtijo in ki jih, čeprav so posebej konstruirani, ni težko izdelati niti niso izdelani iz posebnega materiala.
A centrifuge facility however requires a large number of these components, so that quantities can provide an important indication of end use.
Vendar pa je za centrifugo potrebno večje število teh sestavnih delov, tako da so lahko te količine pomemben podatek o končni uporabi.
Rotating components
5.1.1 Vrteči se sestavni deli
(a) Complete rotor assemblies
(a) Celoviti sklopi rotorjev
Thin-walled cylinders, or a number of interconnected thin-walled cylinders, manufactured from one or more of the high strength to density ratio materials described in the explanatory note to this section.
To so tankostenski valji ali večje število med seboj povezanih tankostenskih valjev, ki so izdelani iz enega ali več materialov z visokim razmerjem med trdnostjo in gostoto, opisanih v pojasnilih k temu oddelku.
If interconnected, the cylinders are joined together by flexible bellows or rings as described in Section 5.1.1.(c) following.
Če so valji povezani, so spojeni z gibkimi spojkami ali obroči, ki so opisani v oddelku 5.1.1 (c) v nadaljevanju.
The rotor is fitted with an internal baffle(s) and end caps, as described in Section 5.1.1.(d) and (e) following, if in final form.
Rotor v končni obliki je opremljen z notranjimi loputami in končniki, ki so opisani v oddelku 5.1.1 (d) in (e) v nadaljevanju.
However the complete assembly may be delivered only partly assembled.
Navedeno opremo je mogoče dobaviti tudi delno sestavljeno.
(b) Rotor tubes
(b) Cevi za rotorje
Especially designed or prepared thin-walled cylinders with thickness of 12 mm (0,5&quot;) or less, a diameter of between 75 mm (3&quot;) and 400 mm (16&quot;), and manufactured from one or more of the high strength to density ratio materials described in the explanatory note to this section.
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani tankostenski valji debeline 12 mm (0,5”) ali manj, s premerom od 75 mm (3”) do 400 mm (16”), ki so izdelani iz enega ali več materialov z visokim razmerjem med trdnostjo in gostoto, opisanih v pojasnilih k temu oddelku.
(c) Rings or bellows
(c) Obroči ali spojke
Components especially designed or prepared to give localised support to the rotor tube or to join together a number of rotor tubes.
To so posebej konstruirane ali izdelane spojke za lokalno podporo rotorskih cevi ali za povezavo več rotorskih cevi.
The bellows is a short cylinder of wall thickness 3 mm (0,12&quot;) or less, a diameter of between 75 mm (3&quot;) and 400 m (16&quot;), having a convolute, and manufactured from one of the high strength to density ratio materials described in the explanatory note to this section.
Spojke so kratki valji s prirobnico, z debelino sten do 3 mm (0,12”) in s premerom od 75 mm (3”) do 400 mm (16”), izdelane pa so iz materiala z visokim razmerjem med trdnostjo in gostoto, opisanega v pojasnilih k temu oddelku.
(d) Baffles
(d) Lopute
Disc-shaped components of between 75 mm (3&quot;) and 400 m (16&quot;) diameter especially designed or prepared to be mounted inside the centrifuge rotor tube, in order to isolate the take-off chamber from the main separation chamber and, in some cases, to assist the UF6 gas circulation within the main separation chamber of the rotor tube, and manufactured from one of the high strength to density ratio materials described in the explanatory note to this section.
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani diskasto oblikovani sestavni deli s premerom od 75 mm (3”) do 400 mm (16”), ki se vgrajujejo v notranjost rotorskih cevi centrifuge, da ločujejo odvodno komoro od glavne ločevalne komore ter v nekaterih primerih pomagajo pri kroženju plinastega UF6 v rotorski cevi; izdelani so iz materiala z visokim razmerjem med trdnostjo in gostoto, opisanega v pojasnilih k temu oddelku.
(e) Top caps/bottom caps
(e) Končniki
Disc-shaped components of between 75 mm (3&quot;) and 400 (16&quot;) diameter especially designed or prepared to fit to the ends of the rotor tube, and so contain the UF6 within the rotor tube, and in some cases to support, retain or contain as an integrated part an element of the upper bearing (top cap) or to carry the rotating elements of the motor and lower bearing (bottom cap), and manufactured from one of the high strength to density ratio materials described in the explanatory note to this section.
To so diskasto oblikovani sestavni deli s premerom od 75 mm (3”) do 400 mm (16”), ki so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani za tesnjenje obeh koncev rotorskih cevi in zapirajo plinasti UF6 v rotorsko cev; v nekaterih primerih so izdelani tako, da obenem podpirajo rotorsko cev ali so sestavni del zgornjega ležaja ali pa nosijo vrteče se elemente motorja in spodnjega ležaja (končnika); izdelani so iz materiala z visokim razmerjem med trdnostjo in gostoto, opisanega v pojasnilih k temu oddelku.
The materials used for centrifuge rotating components are:
Materiali, ki se uporabljajo za izdelavo vrtečih se sestavnih delov, so:
(a) maraging steel capable of an ultimate tensile strength of 2,05 x 109 N/m2 (300 000 psi) or more,
(a) maražno jeklo z natezno trdnostjo najmanj 2,05 x 109 N/m2 (300.000 psi),
(b) aluminium alloys capable of an ultimate tensile strength of 0,46 x 109 N/m2 (67 000 psi) or more,
(b) aluminijeve zlitine z natezno trdnostjo najmanj 0,46 x 109 N/m2 (67.000 pse),
(c) filamentary materials suitable for use in composite structures and having a specific modulus of 12,3 x 106 m or greater and a specific ultimate tensile strength of 0,3 x 106 m or greater (‘Specific Modulus' is the Young's Modulus in N/m2 divided by the specific weight in N/m3; ‘Specific Ultimate Tensile Strength' is the ultimate tensile strength in N/m2 divided by the specific weight in N/m3.
(c) vlaknasti materiali, primerni za uporabo v kompozitnih strukturah s specifičnim modulom najmanj 12,3 x 106 m in s specifično natezno trdnostjo najmanj 0,3 x 106 m (»specifični modul« je razmerje med Youngovim modulom v N/m2 in specifično težo v N/m3; »specifična natezna trdnost« je razmerje med natezno trdnostjo v N/m2 in specifično težo v N/m3).
Static components
5.1.2 Statični sestavni deli
(a) Magnetic suspension bearings
(a) Magnetni viseči ležaji
Especially designed or prepared bearing assemblies consisting of an annular magnet suspended within a housing containing a damping medium.
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani ležaji, sestavljeni iz obročastega magneta, ki visi v ohišju z dušilnim sredstvom.
The housing will be manufactured from a UF6-resistant material (see explanatory note to Section 5.2).
Ohišje je izdelano iz materiala (glej pojasnilo k oddelku 5.2), ki je odporen proti koroziji z UF6.
The magnet couples with a pole piece or a second magnet fitted to the top cap described in Section 5.1.1.(e).
Magnet je spojen z osjo ali drugim magnetom, pritrjenim na zgornji končnik rotorske cevi, opisani v točki 5.1.1 (e).
The magnet may be ring-shaped with a relation between outer and inner diameter smaller or equal to 1,6:1. The magnet may be in a form having an initial permeability of 0,15 H/m (120 000 in CGS units) or more, or a remanence of 98,5 % or more, or an energy product of greater than 80 kJ/m3 (107 gauss-oersteds).
Magnet je lahko obročaste oblike z razmerjem med zunanjim in notranjim premerom, manjšim ali enakim 1,6:1. Magnet ima lahko začetno permeabilnost 0,15 H/m (120.000 CGS enot) ali več ali remanenco najmanj 98,5% ali magnetno jakost večjo od 80 kJ/m3 (107 gauss-oerstedov).
(b) Bearings/dampers
(b) Ležaji/blažilniki
Especially designed or prepared bearings comprising a pivot/cup assembly mounted on a damper.
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani skodeličasti ležaji, ki so pritrjeni na blažilnik.
The pivot is normally a hardened steel shaft with a hemisphere at one end with a means of attachment to the bottom cap described in section 5.1.1.(e) at the other.
Polkroglasto konstruiran tečaj gredi ležaja je običajno izdelan iz kaljenega jekla in je pritrjen na spodnji končnik rotorske cevi, opisan v točki 5.1.1 (e).
The shaft may however have a hydrodynamic bearing attached.
Gred je lahko uležajena s hidrodinamičnim ležajem.
The cup is pellet-shaped with a hemispherical indentation in one surface.
Skodelica ležaja ima obliko okrogle ploščice s polkroglasto vdolbino na eni strani.
These components are often supplied separately to the damper.
Opisani sestavni deli so pogosto dobavljeni ločeno od blažilnikov.
(c) Molecular pumps
(c) Molekularne črpalke
Especially designed or prepared cylinders having internally machined or extruded helical grooves and internally machines bores.
To so posebej konstruirani ali izdelani valji z notranje ustrezno mehansko obdelanimi spiralnimi utori in izvrtinami.
Typical dimensions are as follows:
Tipične dimenzije valja so:
75 mm (3&quot;) to 400 mm (16&quot;) internal diameter, 10 mm (0,4&quot;) or more wall thickness, with the length equal to or greater than the diameter.
notranji premer 75 mm (3”) do 400 mm (16”), debelina sten najmanj 10 mm (0,4”), dolžina je enaka premeru valja ali večja.
The grooves are typically rectangular in cross-section and 2 mm (0,08&quot;) or more in depth.
Utori tipično pravokotnega preseka so globoki najmanj 2 mm (0,08”).