natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
It has been taken into account as an additional factor in several judgments of EU courts (21/04/2005, T164/03, monBeBé, EU:T:2005:140, § 53).
Kot dodatni dejavnik je bila upoštevana v več sodbah sodišč EU (21/04/2005, T164/03, monBeBé, EU:T:2005:140, § 53).
The reasoning for this is as follows.
Razlogi za to so naslednji.
If the goods/services are made available through the same distribution channels, the consumer may be more likely to assume that the goods or services are in the same market sector and are possibly manufactured by the same entity and vice versa.
Če se blago ali storitve dajejo na voljo po istih distribucijskih poteh, lahko potrošnik z večjo verjetnostjo domneva, da so blago ali storitve iz istega tržnega sektorja in da jih mogoče zagotavlja isti subjekt in obratno.
The term ‘distribution channel' does not refer so much to the way of selling or promoting a company's product as to the place of distribution.
Izraz „distribucijska pot“ se ne nanaša toliko na način prodaje ali oglaševanja proizvoda podjetja, ampak bolj na kraj distribucije.
For the analysis of the similarity of goods/services, the distribution system - whether direct or indirect - is not decisive.
Distribucijski sistem, neposredni ali posredni, ni odločilen za analizo podobnosti blaga ali storitev.
The question to be asked is rather: do the goods/services have the same points of sale, or are they usually provided or offered at the same or similar places?
Namesto tega se je treba vprašati: Ali imajo blago ali storitve ista prodajna mesta in ali se običajno zagotavljajo ali izvajajo na istih ali podobnih mestih?
However, too much emphasis should not be placed on this factor as modern supermarkets, drugstores and department stores sell goods of all kinds.
Vendar se temu dejavniku ne bi smel pripisovati prevelik pomen, saj sodobni supermarketi, drogerije in veleblagovnice prodajajo blago vseh vrst.
The relevant public is aware that the goods sold in these places come from a multitude of independent undertakings.
Upoštevna javnost se zaveda, da blago, ki se prodaja na teh mestih, izvira iz številnih neodvisnih podjetij.
Therefore, the point of sale is less decisive when deciding whether the relevant public considers that goods share a common origin merely because they are sold at the same outlet.
Zato je prodajno mesto manj odločilno pri določitvi, ali upoštevna javnost meni, da ima blago skupni izvor le zato, ker se prodaja v isti trgovini.
Only where the goods in question are offered in the same section of such shops, where homogeneous goods are sold together, will this favour similarity.
Samo če se zadevno blago daje na voljo na istem oddelku takšnih trgovin, kjer se homogeno blago prodaja skupaj, to potrjuje podobnost.
In such cases it must be possible to identify the section by its territorial and functional separation from other sections (e.g. dairy section of a supermarket, the cosmetics section of a department store).
V takšnih primerih mora biti mogoče oddelek opredeliti z njegovo prostorsko in funkcionalno ločitvijo od drugih oddelkov (npr. oddelek z mlečnimi izdelki v supermarketu, oddelek s kozmetičnimi izdelki v veleblagovnici).
Similarly, this factor may apply in cases in which goods are sold exclusively or commonly in specialised shops.
Podobno se lahko ta dejavnik uporablja v primerih, kadar se blago prodaja izključno ali običajno v specializiranih trgovinah.
In that event, consumers may tend to believe the origin of the goods to be the same if they are both sold in the same specialised shops and may tend to deny that mutual origin if they are not usually sold in the same shops.
V navedenem primeru potrošniki pogosto mislijo, da je izvor dveh proizvodov isti, če se prodajata v istih specializiranih trgovinah, in pogosto zanikajo navedeni skupni izvor, če se običajno ne prodajata v istih trgovinah.
Conversely, different sales outlets may weigh against the similarity of goods.
Nasprotno pa lahko različne trgovine pomenijo, da blago ni podobno.
Wheelchairs versus bicycles.
Vozički za prevoz invalidov v primerjavi s kolesi.
Although both fall under vehicles in Class 12, they will not be found at the same outlets.
Čeprav oboje spada pod vozila iz razreda 12, se ne prodaja v istih trgovinah.
Bicycles are usually sold either in specialist bicycle stores or in a retail store where sporting equipment is available.
Kolesa se običajno prodajajo v specializiranih prodajalnah koles ali v trgovinah s športno opremo.
By contrast, the distribution channels for wheelchairs are the specialised distributors of medical equipment and devices that supply hospitals, and specialised shops where devices for disabled or physically handicapped people are sold.
Nasprotno so distribucijske poti vozičkov za prevoz invalidov specializirani distributerji medicinske opreme in pripomočkov, ki oskrbujejo bolnišnice in specializirane trgovine, v katerih prodajajo pripomočke za invalide ali telesno prizadete osebe.
3.2.7 Relevant public
Upoštevna javnost
The relevant public, such as the actual and potential customers of the goods and services in dispute, constitutes another factor to be dealt with in the analysis of similarity (see the Guidelines, Part C, Opposition, Section 2, Double Identity and Likelihood of Confusion, Chapter 3, Relevant Public and Degree of Attention).
Upoštevna javnost, tj. dejanske in morebitne stranke, ki so kupile izpodbijano blago in storitve, je še en dejavnik, ki ga je treba obravnavati pri analizi podobnosti (glej Smernice, del C: Ugovor, razdelek 2: Dvojna enakost in verjetnost zmede, poglavje 3: Upoštevna javnost in stopnja pozornosti).
The relevant public can be composed of:
Upoštevno javnost lahko sestavljajo:
the general public (public at large) or
širša javnost (splošna javnost) ali
a professional public (business customers or specialised public).
strokovna javnost (poslovne stranke ali specializirana javnost).
The relevant public does not necessarily mean the end user; for instance, the end users of food for animals in Class 31 are animals, not the relevant public.
Upoštevna javnost ne pomeni nujno končnega uporabnika; na primer, končni uporabniki živil in krme za živali iz razreda 31 so živali, ne pa upoštevna javnost.
The relevant public in this case would be the general consumer.
V tem primeru je upoštevna javnost splošni potrošnik.
The mere fact that the potential customers coincide does not automatically constitute an indication of similarity.
Le dejstvo, da gre za iste morebitne stranke, samodejno ne kaže na podobnost.
The same group of customers may be in need of goods or services of the most diverse origin and nature.
Ista skupina strank lahko potrebuje blago ali storitve, ki se kar najbolj razlikujejo po izvoru in naravi.
The fact that, for example, television sets, cars and books are bought by the same relevant public, namely the public at large, has no impact on the analysis of similarity.
Dejstvo, da na primer televizijske sprejemnike, avtomobile in knjige kupuje ista upoštevna javnost, in sicer širša javnost, ne vpliva na analizo podobnosti.
In many cases, either one or both lists of goods/services under comparison target the public at large, but the purpose (of covering customers' needs) is different in each case.
V številnih primerih sta en ali oba seznama blaga ali storitev, ki se primerjajo, namenjena širši javnosti, vendar je namen (izpolnjevanje strankinih potreb) v vsakem primeru drugačen.
Such circumstances weigh against similarity.
Takšne okoliščine ne potrjujejo podobnosti.
While a coincidence in the relevant public is not necessarily an indication of similarity, largely diverging publics weigh heavily against similarity.
Ujemanje upoštevne javnosti ne kaže nujno na podobnost, zelo različne javnosti pa močno potrjujejo podobnost.
Diverging customers can be found in the following cases, where:
Različne stranke je mogoče ugotoviti v naslednjih primerih, kadar:
(a) the goods/services of both lists are directed at the public at large, who can, however, be clearly categorised by their different (personal) needs, ages, etc.
so blago ali storitve iz obeh seznamov namenjene širši javnosti, ki pa jo je mogoče jasno razvrstiti po različnih (osebnih) potrebah, starosti itd.
Example: chemicals used in forestry versus solvents for the lacquer industry (Class 1).
Primer: kemikalije, ki se uporabljajo v gozdarstvu v primerjavi s topili za industrijo lakov (razred 1).
(c) one relevant public consists of general consumers and the other of business customers.
eno upoštevno javnost sestavljajo splošni potrošniki, drugo pa poslovne stranke.
Example: containers for contact lenses (in Class 9) versus surgical apparatus and instruments (in Class 10).
Primer: posodice za kontaktne leče (razred 9) v primerjavi s kirurškimi aparati in instrumenti (razred 10).
3.2.8 Usual origin (producer/provider)
Običajni izvor (proizvajalec/izvajalec)
Although the Court of Justice did not explicitly mention this factor in its Canon judgment, it follows from the general concept of likelihood of confusion that the usual origin of the goods and services is of particular importance for the analysis of similarity.
Čeprav Sodišče tega dejavnika v sodbi v zadevi Canon ni izrecno navedlo, iz splošnega pojma verjetnost zmede izhaja, da je običajni izvor blaga in storitev zlasti pomemben pri analizi podobnosti.
As the Court has stated, it is ‘the risk that the public might believe that the goods or services in question come from the same undertaking or, as the case may be, from economically linked undertakings, [that] constitutes a likelihood of confusion' (29/09/1998, C39/97, Canon, EU:C:1998:442, § 29).
Kot je navedlo Sodišče, „verjetnost zmede pomeni verjetnost, da bi javnost lahko mislila, da zadevno blago ali storitve izvirajo iz istega podjetja ali, glede na primer, gospodarsko povezanih podjetij“ (29/09/1998, C39/97, Canon, EU:C:1998:442, § 29).
Hence, there is a strong indication of similarity when, in the mind of the relevant public, the goods/services have the same usual origin.
Če upoštevna javnost meni, da imajo blago ali storitve isti običajni izvor, to jasno kaže na podobnost.
However, this should not be misinterpreted as turning the examination of likelihood of confusion and similarity of goods/services upside down: the finding of a likelihood of confusion depends on many other factors (such as the similarity of signs and the distinctiveness of the earlier mark) and is not exclusively determined by the usual origin, which as such is only one factor in the analysis of the similarity of goods/services.
Vendar se to ne sme razlagati napačno, kot da bi s tem preizkus verjetnosti zmede in podobnosti blaga ali storitev postavili na glavo: ugotovitev verjetnosti zmede je odvisna od številnih drugih dejavnikov (kot sta podobnost znakov in razločevalni učinek prejšnje blagovne znamke) in se ne določi izključno z običajnim izvorom, ki je kot tak samo eden od dejavnikov pri analizi podobnosti blaga ali storitev.
A finding that consumers will not be confused about the origin of the goods/services is not an argument appropriate to the comparison of goods/services.
Ugotovitev, da potrošniki ne bodo zmedeni glede izvora blaga ali storitev, ni utemeljitev, ki bi bila ustrezna za primerjavo blaga ali storitev.
This finding should be mentioned in the overall assessment of likelihood of confusion.
To ugotovitev bi bilo treba navesti v celoviti presoji verjetnosti zmede.
Origin, in this context, relates mainly to the manufacturing sector (industry) or kind of undertaking producing the goods or offering the services in question rather than to the identity of the producer.
V tem okviru se izvor nanaša predvsem na proizvodni sektor (gospodarsko panogo) ali vrsto podjetja, ki proizvaja zadevno blago ali izvaja zadevne storitve, ne pa na identiteto proizvajalca.
The ‘origin' is not merely defined by the actual place of production/provision (e.g. factory, workshop, institute or laboratory) but primarily by taking into consideration who manages and/or controls the production/provision of the goods/services.
„Izvor“ ni opredeljen le z dejanskim krajem proizvodnje/izvajanja (npr. tovarna, delavnica, inštitut ali laboratorij), temveč predvsem z upoštevanjem, kdo upravlja in/ali nadzoruje proizvodnjo/zagotavljanje blaga ali storitev.
In other words, the question to be asked is: who is responsible for manufacturing the product or providing the service?
Z drugimi besedami, treba se je vprašati: Kdo je odgovoren za izdelavo proizvoda ali izvajanje storitve?
In the ELS judgment, the Court held that even goods and services can have the same origin if it is common for the same type of company to produce/provide both.
Sodišče je v sodbi v zadevi ELS odločilo, da imajo lahko tudi blago in storitve isti izvor, če je običajno, da jih proizvaja/zagotavlja podjetje iste vrste.
Educational textbooks (Class 16) were considered to have the same origin as provision of correspondence courses (Class 41) since ‘undertakings offering any kind of course often hand out those products to pupils as support learning materials' (23/10/2002, T388/00, ELS, EU:T:2002:260, § 55).
Za učbenike (razred 16) se je štelo, da imajo isti izvor kot dopisno izobraževanje (razred 41), ker „podjetja, ki izvajajo kakršen koli tečaj, navedene proizvode pogosto izročijo učencem kot pomožno učno gradivo“ (23/10/2002, T388/00, ELS, EU:T:2002:260, § 55).
The criterion ‘usual origin' has to be applied in a restrictive way in order not to dilute it.
Merilo „običajni izvor“ je treba uporabljati omejeno, da se ne razvodeni.
If all kinds of goods/services deriving from one large (multinational) company or holding were found to have the same origin, this factor would lose its significance.
Če bi se za vse vrste blaga ali storitev, ki izvirajo iz ene velike (multinacionalne) družbe ali holdinga, ugotovilo, da imajo isti izvor, ta dejavnik ne bi bil več pomemben.
Cosmetics (Class 3) and foodstuffs (Classes 29 to 31) may be produced under the umbrella of one company but this does not reflect common trade customs, according to which these types of goods have different producers, each belonging to a specific industry.
Kozmetični izdelki (razred 3) in živila in krma (razredi od 29 do 31) se lahko proizvajajo pod okriljem enega podjetja, vendar to ne izraža splošnega poslovnega običaja, v skladu s katerim ima tovrstno blago različne proizvajalce, od katerih vsak spada v posebno gospodarsko panogo.
3.2.8.1 Features defining a common origin
Značilnosti, ki določajo skupni izvor
When determining the usual origin of a product/service the following features might be relevant.
Za določitev običajnega izvora proizvoda ali storitve so lahko ustrezne naslednje značilnosti.
Manufacturing sites
Proizvodni obrati
Varnishes, lacquers, colorants and mordants (Class 2) are typically produced by the same production enterprises, normally specialised chemical companies.
Lake, firneže, barvila in lužila (razred 2) običajno proizvajajo ista proizvodna podjetja, navadno specializirana kemična podjetja.
The place of production can be a strong indicator that the goods/services in question come from the same source.
Kraj proizvodnje je lahko močan pokazatelj, da zadevno blago ali storitve izvirajo iz istega vira.
However, while the same manufacturing sites suggest a common usual origin, different manufacturing sites do not exclude that the goods come from the same or economically linked undertakings.
Isti proizvodni obrati kažejo na skupni običajni izvor, različni proizvodni obrati pa ne izključujejo možnosti, da blago izvira iz istega podjetja ali gospodarsko povezanih podjetij.
For instance, books (Class 16) and electronic media (Class 9) (goods in competition, with e-media substituting books) are both goods of a publishing house.
Na primer, knjige (razred 16) in elektronski mediji (razred 9) (medsebojno konkurenčno blago, pri čemer elektronski mediji nadomeščajo knjige) so oboji blago založbe.
Leather belts (Class 25) and leather handbags (Class 18) are not only manufactured in the same sites, for example, leather workshops, but are also manufactured using the same tools and machines for the treatment of leather.
Usnjeni pasovi (razred 25) in ročne torbe iz usnja (razred 18) se proizvajajo v istih proizvodnih obratih, na primer v usnjarskih delavnicah, vendar se proizvajajo tudi z istim orodjem in stroji za obdelavo usnja.
(Technical) know-how
(Tehnično) strokovno znanje
Computer virus protection services (Class 42) and software design (Class 42) involve similar technical know-how in the field of information technology.
Storitve zaščite pred računalniškimi virusi (razred 42) in oblikovanje programske opreme (razred 42) vključujejo podobno tehnično strokovno znanje s področja informacijske tehnologije.
Established trade custom known to the public
Uveljavljen poslovni običaj, ki je javnosti poznan
An established trade custom, such as when manufacturers expand their businesses to adjacent markets, is of particular importance for concluding whether goods/services of different nature have the same origin.
Uveljavljen poslovni običaj, kadar na primer proizvajalci razširijo svoja podjetja na sosednje trge, je zlasti pomemben za sprejetje ugotovitve, da imajo blago ali storitve z različno naravo enak izvor.
In such situations, it is necessary to determine whether such expansion is common in the industry or, conversely, whether it may occur in exceptional cases only.
V takšnih primerih je treba ugotoviti, ali je takšna širitev v neki industrijski panogi običajna ali pa se lahko, prav nasprotno, pojavi samo izjemoma.
Example where extension has become customary
Primer, ko je širitev postala običajna
Shoes (Class 25) and handbags (Class 18): it is customary in the market for the producers of shoes also to be involved in the manufacture of handbags.
Čevlji (razred 25) in ročne torbice (razred 18): na trgu je običajno, da se proizvajalci čevljev pogosto ukvarjajo tudi s proizvodnjo ročnih torbic.
Example where extension is not (yet) common
Primer, ko širitev (še) ni običajna
Clothing (Class 25) and perfumes (Class 3): even though some designers that make fashion clothes nowadays also sell perfumes under their marks, this is not the rule in the clothing industry, and rather applies only to (economically) successful designers.
Oblačila (razred 25) in parfumi (razred 3): čeprav danes nekateri modni oblikovalci, ki izdelujejo modna oblačila, pod svojo blagovno znamko prodajajo tudi parfume, to v industriji oblačil ni pravilo in velja bolj za (gospodarsko) uspešne oblikovalce.
3.3 Relation between different factors
Povezava med različnimi dejavniki
The Canon criteria were enumerated in the corresponding judgment without any indication of relationship or hierarchy (weight) among them.
V sodbi v zadevi Canon so bila merila našteta, ne da bi bila navedena njihova medsebojna povezava ali pomembnost (teža).
They were considered one by one.
Vsako merilo se je obravnavalo drugo za drugim.
However, they cannot be considered independently since some criteria are interrelated and some criteria are more important than others, regardless of whether goods are being compared with goods, services with services or goods with services.
Vendar meril ni mogoče obravnavati neodvisno, saj so nekatera medsebojno povezana oziroma pomembnejša od drugih, in sicer ne glede na to, ali se primerja blago z blagom, storitve s storitvami ali blago s storitvami.
As a result of weighing all these factors in accordance with their respective importance in relation to the goods/services at issue, similarity may be found to various degrees: low, average or high (see paragraph 3.3.4 below).
Zaradi premišljevanja o vseh teh dejavnikih v skladu z njihovim ustreznim pomenom za zadevno blago ali storitve se lahko morebitna podobnost nekoliko razlikuje (glej razdelek 3.3.4 v nadaljevanju).
3.3.1 Interrelation of factors
Medsebojna povezanost dejavnikov
In many cases there will be relationships between the factors in the sense that where one is shared, another one might coincide as well.
Dejavniki so v številnih primerih povezani v smislu, da če je eden skupen, se morda ujema tudi drugi.
Based on the purpose, it is also possible to determine who the actual and potential customers (i.e. the relevant public) are.
Na podlagi namena je mogoče določiti tudi, kdo so dejanske in morebitne stranke (tj. upoštevna javnost).
The purpose, together with the relevant public, may also reveal whether goods/services are in competition.
Namen lahko skupaj z upoštevno javnostjo razkrije tudi, ali so si blago ali storitve med seboj konkurenčne.
The same distribution channel goes hand in hand with the same public.
Ista distribucijska pot je povezana z isto javnostjo.
In other words, where the distribution channels are different, the public may be different as well.
Z drugimi besedami, če so distribucijske poti različne, je morda različna tudi javnost.
Goods/services intended for different publics cannot be complementary (11/05/2011, T74/10, Flaco, EU:T:2011:207, § 40, 22/06/2011; T76/09, Farma Mundi Farmaceuticos Mundi, EU:T:2011:298, § 30).
Blago ali storitve, namenjene različnima javnostma, ne morejo biti dopolnjevalne (11/05/2011, T74/10, Flaco, EU:T:2011:207, § 40, 22/06/2011; T76/09, Farma Mundi Farmaceuticos Mundi, EU:T:2011:298, § 30).
The method of use usually depends on the nature and purpose of the goods.
Način uporabe je običajno odvisen od narave in namena blaga.
There are cases in which it is difficult to make a distinction between various factors.
V nekaterih primerih je težko razlikovati med različnimi dejavniki.
This is particularly true as far as ‘nature', ‘purpose' and ‘method of use' are concerned.
To velja zlasti za „naravo“, „namen“ in „način uporabe“.
Where the examiner encounters such difficulties, it is sufficient to treat these factors jointly.
Če se preizkuševalec sreča s takšnimi težavami, zadostuje, da te dejavnike obravnava skupaj.
An engine is a machine for converting any of various forms of energy into mechanical force and motion.
Motor je stroj za pretvarjanje kakršne koli oblike energije v mehansko silo in gibanje.
In such a case, it is difficult to distinguish the nature from the purpose of the product.
V takšnem primeru je težko ločiti naravo od namena tega proizvoda.
Therefore, in this case, no distinction between what is nature and what is purpose is necessary.
Zato v tem primeru razlikovanje med naravo in namenom ni potrebno.
3.3.2 Importance of each factor
Pomen posameznih dejavnikov
In assessing the similarity of goods and services, all relevant factors characterising the relationship between them should be taken into account.
Pri presoji podobnosti blaga in storitev je treba upoštevati vse zadevne dejavnike, ki označujejo njihov medsebojni odnos.
However, depending on the kind of goods and services, a particular criterion may be more or less important.
Vendar je lahko posamezno merilo glede na vrsto blaga in storitev bolj ali manj pomembno.
In other words, the various criteria do not have a standard value; rather, their specific importance should be determined in the context of each individual case.
Z drugimi besedami, različna merila nimajo standardne vrednosti, temveč je treba njihov poseben pomen določiti za vsak primer posebej.
In general, the weight of each factor will depend on the impact it has on possible confusion regarding origin.
Na splošno je teža vsakega dejavnika odvisna od učinka, ki ga ima na možno zmedo glede izvora.
Criteria clearly suggesting that the goods/services come or do not come from the same undertaking or economically linked undertakings should take precedence.
Merila, ki jasno kažejo, da blago ali storitve izvirajo ali ne izvirajo iz istega podjetja ali gospodarsko povezanih podjetij, morajo imeti prednost.
Generally strong factors
Na splošno pomembni dejavniki
Usual origin (because it has a strong impact on likelihood of confusion, which relates to common commercial origin).
Običajni izvor (ker močno vpliva na verjetnost zmede, ki je povezana s skupnim trgovskim izvorom).
Purpose (because it is decisive for the choice made by the customer buying or selecting goods/services).
Namen (ker je odločilen za strankino izbiro, da kupi ali izbere blago ali storitve).
Nature (because it defines the essential qualities and characteristics of the goods/services).
Narava (ker opredeljuje ključne lastnosti in značilnosti blaga ali storitev).