natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Similar reasoning applies to precious metals and jewellery.
Enaka obrazložitev se uporablja za žlahtne kovine in nakit.
Comparison of the signs
Primerjava znakov
The question of the relevant public also plays a role in the comparison of the signs.
Vprašanje upoštevne javnosti ima vlogo tudi pri primerjavi znakov.
The same word may be pronounced differently depending on the relevant public.
Isto besedo lahko ena upoštevna javnost izgovarja drugače kot druga.
Conceptually, the public in one part of the European Union may understand the meaning of the sign, while consumers in other parts may not understand it (see the Guidelines, Part C, Opposition, Section 2, Double Identity and Likelihood of Confusion, Chapter 4, Comparison of Signs).
Teoretično lahko javnost v enem delu Evropske unije razume pomen znaka, potrošniki v drugih delih pa ne (glej Smernice, del C: Ugovor, razdelek 2: Dvojna enakost in verjetnost zmede, poglavje 4: Primerjava znakov).
The Court has already confirmed that the general public in the Scandinavian countries, the Netherlands and Finland has a basic understanding of English (26/11/2008, T435/07, New Look, EU:T:2008:534, § 23).
Sodišče je že potrdilo, da širša javnost v skandinavskih državah, na Nizozemskem in Finskem premore osnovno razumevanje angleščine (26/11/2008, T435/07, New Look, EU:T:2008:534, § 23).
Distinctive elements of the signs/distinctiveness of the earlier mark
Razlikovalni elementi znakov/razlikovalni učinek prejšnje znamke
The inherent distinctiveness of a sign or one of its elements also depends on the relevant public for the goods and services.
Svojstveni razlikovalni učinek znaka ali enega od njegovih elementov je tudi odvisen od upoštevne javnosti pri blagu in storitvah.
For example, depending on the relevant public's knowledge, background and language, an element contained in a trade mark may be non-distinctive or have a low degree of distinctiveness, or it may be distinctive because, inter alia, it is perceived as a fanciful term without any meaning claimed (see the Guidelines, Part C, Opposition, Section 2, Double Identity and Likelihood of Confusion, Chapter 5, Distinctiveness of the Earlier Mark).
Tako lahko na primer znanje, okolje in jezik upoštevne javnosti vplivajo na to, ali je neki element blagovne znamke nerazlikovalen, ali je njegova stopnja razlikovalnega učinka nizka, ali pa je razlikovalen, ker ga med drugim dojemajo kot domišljijski izraz brez pomena (glej Smernice, del C: Ugovor, razdelek 2: Dvojna enakost in verjetnost zmede, poglavje 5: Razlikovalni učinek prejšnje znamke).
The French word ‘cuisine' will not be understood as a descriptive indication for goods in Classes 29 and 30 in some Member States (23/06/2010, R 1201/20091, GREEN CUISINE / Cuisine (fig.), § 29-33).
V nekaterih državah članicah ne bodo razumeli, da francoska beseda „cuisine“ opisuje blago iz razredov 29 in 30 (23/06/2010, R 1201/20091, GREEN CUISINE / Cuisine (fig.), § 29-33).
Professionals in the IT and scientific fields are in general more familiar with the use of technical and basic English words than the general public.
Strokovnjaki na področju informacijske tehnologije in znanosti so na splošno bolje seznanjeni z rabo tehničnih in osnovnih angleških besed kot širša javnost.
In Gateway v Activy Media Gateway, the Court held that the common word ‘gateway' directly evokes, in the mind of the relevant consumer, the concept of a gateway, which is commonly used in the computing sector (27/11/2007, T434/05, Activy Media Gateway, EU:T:2007:359, § 38, 48; confirmed 11/12/2008, C57/08 P, Activy Media Gateway, EU:C:2008:718).
Sodišče je v zadevi Gateway/Activy Media Gateway menilo, da upoštevni potrošnik ob besedi gateway (angl. prehod) najprej pomisli na prehod, ki se uporablja v računalništvu (27/11/2007, T434/05, Activy Media Gateway, EU:T:2007:359, § 38, 48; potrjena 11/12/2008, C57/08 P, Activy Media Gateway, EU:C:2008:718).
2 Defining the Relevant Public
Opredelitev upoštevne javnosti
In accordance with Article 8(1)(b) EUTMR, it must be determined whether a likelihood of confusion exists ‘on the part of the public in the territory where the earlier mark is protected'.
V skladu s členom 8(1)(b) Uredbe o blagovni znamki EU je treba določiti, ali obstaja verjetnost zmede „v javnosti na ozemlju, na katerem je varovana prejšnja blagovna znamka“.
The term ‘average consumer' is a legal concept that is used in the sense of the ‘relevant consumer' or ‘relevant public'.
Izraz „povprečni potrošnik“ je pravni pojem, ki se uporablja v pomenu „upoštevnega potrošnika“ ali „upoštevne javnosti“.
It should not be confused with the ‘general public' or ‘public at large', although the Courts sometimes use it in this sense.
Ne bi se smel zamenjevati s „širšo javnostjo“ ali „splošno javnostjo“, čeprav ga sodišča včasih uporabljajo v tem pomenu.
However, in the context of relative grounds, the term ‘average consumer' must not be used as a synonym of ‘general public' as it can refer to both professional and general public.
V okviru relativnih razlogov za zavrnitev pa se izraz „povprečni potrošnik“ ne sme uporabljati kot sopomenka za „širšo javnost“, saj se lahko nanaša tako na strokovno kot na širšo javnost.
In this respect, in cases concerning the likelihood of confusion, the Court normally distinguishes between the general public (or public at large), and a professional or specialised public (or business customers), based on the goods and services in question.
V tem smislu Sodišče v zadevah v zvezi z verjetnostjo zmede običajno na podlagi zadevnega blaga ali storitev razlikuje med širšo javnostjo (ali splošno javnostjo) in strokovno ali specializirano javnostjo (ali poslovnimi strankami).
the territory defined by the earlier mark: the relevant public is always the public in the territory(ies) where the earlier right(s) is/are protected.
Zato je zadevna upoštevna javnost pri prejšnji nacionalni pravici vedno javnost v posamezni državi članici EU (ali državah članicah pri blagovnih znamkah Beneluksa).
For an earlier European Union trade mark, the public in the whole European Union has to be taken into account.
Pri prejšnji blagovni znamki Evropske unije je treba upoštevati javnost v vsej Evropski uniji.
For an international registration, it is the public in each of the Member States where the mark is protected.
Pri mednarodni registraciji je to javnost v vseh državah članicah, kjer je znamka zaščitena.
the goods and services that have been found identical or similar: likelihood of confusion is always assessed against the perception of the consumers of the goods and services that have been found identical or similar.
Blago in storitve, za katere je bilo ugotovljeno, da so enaki ali podobni: verjetnost zmede se vedno presodi glede na to, kako potrošniki dojemajo blago in storitve, za katere je bilo ugotovljeno, da so enaki ali podobni.
Depending on the goods or services, the relevant public is the general public or a professional/specialised public.
Glede na blago ali storitve je upoštevna javnost širša javnost ali strokovna ali specializirana javnost.
The relevant public always includes both the actual and the potential consumers, that is, the consumers who are currently purchasing the goods/services or who may do so in the future.
Upoštevna javnost vedno zajema dejanske in potencialne potrošnike, torej potrošnike, ki blago ali storitve kupujejo zdaj ali pa bodo to mogoče storili v prihodnje.
If a significant part of the relevant public for the goods or services at issue may be confused as to the origin of the goods, this will be sufficient to establish a likelihood of confusion.
Za ugotovitev, ali obstaja verjetnost zmede, je dovolj, če pomemben del upoštevne javnosti ni prepričan o izvoru zadevnega blaga ali storitev.
It is not necessary to establish that all actual or potential consumers of the relevant goods or services are likely to be confused.
Pri tem ni potrebna ugotovitev, da bodo verjetno zmedeni vsi dejanski ali potencialni potrošniki upoštevnega blaga ali storitev.
As stated by the Court, the relevant public for the assessment of the likelihood of confusion is composed of users likely to use both the goods and services covered by the earlier mark and the product covered by the mark applied for that were found to be identical or similar (01/07/2008, T328/05, Quartz, EU:T:2008:238, § 23; appeal 10/07/2009, C416/08 P, Quartz, EU:C:2009:450, dismissed).
Kot je navedlo Sodišče, upoštevno javnost za presojo verjetnosti zmede sestavljajo uporabniki, pri katerih je verjetno, da bi uporabljali tako blago in storitve, označene s prejšnjo znamko, kot proizvod, označen z znamko, za katero je bila vložena prijava, pri čemer je bilo za znamki ugotovljeno, da sta enaki ali podobni (01/07/2008, T328/05, Quartz, EU:T:2008:238, § 23; pritožba 10/07/2009, C416/08 P, Quartz, EU:C:2009:450, zavrnjena).
When defining the part of the public by reference to which a likelihood of confusion is assessed the following applies:
Pri opredeljevanju dela javnosti, glede na katerega se presoja verjetnost zmede, velja naslednje:
if the goods or services of both marks target the general public, the relevant public by reference to which a likelihood of confusion will be assessed is the general public.
če so blago ali storitve obeh znamk namenjeni širši javnosti, bo upoštevna javnost, glede na katero se presoja verjetnost zmede, širša javnost.
In a case in which both the earlier and the contested mark concerned articles of clothing, the Court held that ‘clothing for men and women are everyday consumer items and the trade mark on which the opposition is based is registered as a European Union trade mark.
V zadevi, v kateri sta se tako prejšnja kot izpodbijana znamka nanašali na oblačila, je Sodišče menilo, da so oblačila za moške in ženske izdelki za vsakdanjo potrošnjo, blagovna znamka, na kateri temelji ugovor, pa je registrirana kot blagovna znamka Evropske unije.
It follows that the relevant public by reference to which the likelihood of confusion must be assessed is composed of the general public in the European Union' (06/10/2004, T117/03 - T119/03 & T171/03, NL, EU:T:2004:293, § 25).
Iz navedenega izhaja, da je upoštevna javnost, glede na katero je treba presojati verjetnost zmede, širša javnost v Evropski uniji (06/10/2004, T117/03 - T119/03 & T171/03, NL, EU:T:2004:293, § 25).
If the goods and services of both marks are directed at the same or a similar professional public, the likelihood of confusion will be assessed from the perspective of those specialists.
Če so blago in storitve obeh znamk namenjeni isti ali podobni strokovni javnosti, se bo verjetnost zmede presojala glede na to specializirano javnost.
The relevant goods of both the earlier and the contested mark were raw plastic materials, chemical products, resins and the like.
Upoštevno blago tako pri prejšnji kot pri izpodbijani znamki so bile umetne snovi v surovem stanju, kemični proizvodi, smole in podobno.
These are goods for industrial use.
Vsi ti proizvodi se uporabljajo v industriji.
The targeted consumers are, therefore, engineers and/or chemists, that is to say, highly skilled professionals who will process these products and use them in manufacturing activities.
Ciljni potrošniki so torej inženirji in/ali kemiki, torej visoko usposobljeni strokovnjaki, ki bodo predelovali te proizvode in jih uporabljali v proizvodnji.
The relevant public was considered to be professional (15/02/2012, R 2077/20101, PEBAFLEX / PEBAX, § 18; 16/09/2010, R 1370/20091, CALCIMATT / CALCIPLAST et al., § 20, confirmed 29/03/2012, T547/10, EU:T:2012:178).
Štelo se je, da je upoštevna javnost strokovna javnost (15/02/2012, R 2077/20101, PEBAFLEX / PEBAX, § 18; 16/09/2010, R 1370/20091, CALCIMATT / CALCIPLAST et al., § 20, potrjena 29/03/2012, T547/10, EU:T:2012:178).
If the goods or services of both marks target both the general public and specialists, the likelihood of confusion will be assessed against the perception of the part of the public displaying the lower degree of attentiveness as it will be more prone to being confused.
Če so blago in storitve obeh znamk namenjeni širši javnosti in specializirani javnosti, se bo verjetnost zmede presojala glede na dojemanje tistega dela javnosti, ki kaže nižjo stopnjo pozornosti, saj je zanj zmedenost verjetnejša.
If this part of the public is not likely to be confused, it is even more unlikely that the part of the public with a higher degree of attention will be.
Če ni verjetno, da bi bil ta del javnosti zmeden, je še manj verjetno, da bi bil zmeden del javnosti z višjo stopnjo pozornosti.
In a case in which both the earlier and the contested mark concerned goods in Classes 3 and 5 that targeted both the general public and professionals (e.g. doctors for pharmaceuticals in Class 5), the Court assessed the likelihood of confusion for the general public only, because it is the one displaying the lower degree of attention (15/07/2011, T220/09, ERGO, EU:T:2011:392, § 21).
V zadevi, v kateri sta se tako prejšnja kot izpodbijana znamka nanašali na blago v razredih 3 in 5, namenjeno tako širši javnosti kot strokovnjakom (npr. zdravnikom v primeru farmacevtskih proizvodov iz razreda 5), je Sodišče presodilo verjetnost zmede le glede na širšo javnost, saj ta kaže nižjo stopnjo pozornosti (15/07/2011, T220/09, ERGO, EU:T:2011:392, § 21).
If the goods and services of the earlier mark target the general and professional public and the contested goods and services target a professional public exclusively (or vice versa), the relevant public for assessing likelihood of confusion will be the professional public only.
Če so blago in storitve prejšnje znamke namenjeni splošni in strokovni javnosti, izpodbijano blago in storitve pa izključno strokovni javnosti (ali obratno), se bo pri presojanju verjetnosti zmede kot upoštevna javnost štela samo strokovna javnost.
The goods of the earlier mark are polish for metals, while the goods of the application are preparations for cleaning waste pipes for the metal-working industry.
Blago prejšnje znamke so pripravki za poliranje kovin, prijava pa se nanaša na sredstva za čiščenje/odmaševanje odtočnih cevi za kovinsko industrijo.
As stated in the relevant GC judgment: ‘Although “polish for metals” can consist equally well of everyday consumer goods as of goods intended for a professional or specialised public, it is not disputed that the goods to which the trade mark application relates must be regarded as directed solely at persons operating in the metal-working industry.
Kot je navedeno v ustrezni sodbi Splošnega sodišča: „Torej, če so lahko ,pripravki za poliranje kovin‘ tako izdelki tekoče potrošnje kot proizvodi, namenjeni strokovni ali specializirani javnosti, ni sporno, da je treba proizvode, predvidene s prijavo za registracijo, šteti, kot da so naslovljeni samo na strokovnjake iz kovinsko-predelovalne industrije.
Therefore, the only public likely to confuse the trade marks in question is formed of such operators' (14/07/2005, T126/03, Aladin, EU:T:2005:288, § 81).
Iz tega izhaja, da je edina javnost, ki bi mogla zamenjati zadevni znamki, sestavljena iz navedenih strokovnjakov“ (14/07/2005, T126/03, Aladin, EU:T:2005:288, § 81).
Paints in general are sold both to professional painters (i.e. for business purposes) and to the public at large for ‘do-it-yourself purposes'.
Barve za splošno uporabo se prodajajo poklicnim pleskarjem (tj. za poslovne namene) in splošni javnosti za domača popravila.
By contrast, paints for industry do not target the general public.
Po drugi strani barve za industrijo niso namenjene širši javnosti.
Therefore, when the specifications of the two marks cover paints in general and paints for industry respectively, only professionals constitute the relevant public since they are likely to be the only consumers who encounter both marks.
Kadar torej specifikacije dveh znamk zajemajo barve za splošno uporabo oziroma barve za industrijo, upoštevno javnost sestavljajo samo strokovnjaki, saj se bodo kot potrošniki samo oni srečali z obema znamkama.
The services of the earlier mark are telecommunications.
Storitve, zajete v prejšnji znamki, so telekomunikacije.
The contested services are telecommunication services, namely collocation, telehousing and interconnection services addressed at professionals only.
Izpodbijane storitve so telekomunikacijske storitve, in sicer kolokacija, telekomunikacijski prostor ter medsebojna povezanost, namenjene pa so samo strokovnjakom.
The definition of the relevant public must be adjusted to the more specific list, and likelihood of confusion should be assessed for professionals only (24/05/2011, T408/09, ancotel, EU:T:2011:241, § 38-50).
Opredelitev upoštevne javnosti je treba prilagoditi natančnejšemu seznamu, verjetnost zmede pa presojati samo za strokovnjake (24/05/2011, T408/09, ancotel, EU:T:2011:241, § 38-50).
If the relevant goods are pharmaceuticals the following applies:
Če so zadevno blago farmacevtski proizvodi, velja naslednje:
The relevant public of non-prescription pharmaceuticals (sold over the counter) is the general public, and the likelihood of confusion will be assessed in relation to that public.
upoštevna javnost pri farmacevtskih pripravkih brez recepta (v prosti prodaji) je širša javnost in verjetnost zmede se presodi glede na to javnost.
According to the case-law, the general public cannot be excluded from the relevant public, also in the case of pharmaceuticals that require a doctor's prescription prior to their sale to end-users in pharmacies.
Glede na sodno prakso širše javnosti ni mogoče izključiti iz upoštevne javnosti niti v primeru farmacevtskih proizvodov, za katere je potreben zdravniški recept, preden se v lekarnah prodajo končnim uporabnikom.
Thus, the relevant public comprises both general public and health professionals, such as doctors and pharmacists.
Upoštevno javnost torej sestavljajo širša javnost in zdravstveni strokovnjaki, kot so zdravniki in farmacevti.
Consequently, even though the choice of those products is influenced or determined by intermediaries, a likelihood of confusion can also exist for the general public, since they are likely to be faced with those products, even if that takes place during separate purchasing transactions for each of those individual products at various times (09/02/2011, T222/09, Alpharen, EU:T:2011:36, § 42-45; 26/04/2007, C412/05 P, Travatan, EU:C:2007:252, § 5663).
Tudi če na izbiro teh proizvodov vplivajo posredniki ali jo določajo, lahko verjetnost zmede obstaja tudi za širšo javnost, ker se ta lahko sreča s temi proizvodi, čeprav se nakupi, gledano za vsakega od navedenih proizvodov posebej, opravljajo v različnih trenutkih (09/02/2011, T222/09, Alpharen, EU:T:2011:36, § 42-45; 26/04/2007, C412/05 P, Travatan, EU:C:2007:252, § 5663).
In practice, this means that the likelihood of confusion will be assessed against the perception of the general public, which is more prone to confusion.
V praksi to pomeni, da se bo verjetnost zmede presodila glede na dojemanje širše javnosti, za katero je zmedenost verjetnejša.
In the case of pharmaceutical goods targeted only at specialists for professional use (e.g. sterile solutions for ophthalmic surgery), the likelihood of confusion must be assessed from the point of view of that specialist public only (26/04/2007, C412/05 P, Travatan, EU:C:2007:252, § 66).
V primeru farmacevtskih proizvodov, namenjenih izključno specializirani javnosti za poklicno uporabo (npr. sterilne raztopine za očesno kirurgijo), je treba verjetnost zmede presoditi z vidika izključno te specializirane javnosti (26/04/2007, C412/05 P, Travatan, EU:C:2007:252, § 66).
In cases where the pharmaceutical goods of the EUTM application are sold over the counter, while the pharmaceutical goods covered by the earlier registration would only be available on prescription, or vice versa, the Office must assume that the relevant public consists of both qualified professionals and the general public, without any specific medical and pharmaceutical knowledge.
Kadar so farmacevtski proizvodi, ki jih zajema prijava blagovne znamke EU, v prosti prodaji, farmacevtski proizvodi, ki jih zajema prejšnja registracija, pa so na voljo samo na recept ali obratno, mora Urad domnevati, da upoštevno javnost sestavljajo usposobljeni strokovnjaki in širša javnost brez posebnega medicinskega in farmacevtskega znanja.
The likelihood of confusion will be assessed in relation to the general public, which is more prone to confusion.
Verjetnost zmede se bo presodila glede na širšo javnost, za katero je zmedenost verjetnejša.
The goods covered by the earlier mark were pharmaceutical preparations with digoxin for human use for cardiovascular illnesses, while the contested goods were pharmaceutical preparations for the treatment of metabolic disorders adapted for administration only by intravenous, intra-muscular or subcutaneous injection.
Prejšnja znamka je zajemala farmacevtske pripravke z digoksinom za zdravljenje srčno-žilnih bolezni pri ljudeh, izpodbijano blago pa so bili farmacevtski pripravki za zdravljenje presnovnih motenj, prirejeni samo za intravenozno, intramuskularno ali podkožno injiciranje.
Although both the goods of the earlier mark and the goods of the contested mark are prescribed by and administered under the supervision of healthcare professionals, the GC held that the relevant public comprises both healthcare professionals and the general public.
Čeprav se tako blago prejšnje znamke kot blago izpodbijane znamke predpisujeta in odmerjata pod nadzorom zdravstvenih strokovnjakov, je Splošno sodišče menilo, da upoštevno javnost sestavljajo tako zdravstveni strokovnjaki kot širša javnost
3 Defining the Degree of Attention
Opredelitev stopnje pozornosti
The Court has indicated that for the purposes of the global assessment, the average consumer of the products concerned is deemed to be reasonably well informed and reasonably observant and circumspect, and that the relevant public's degree of attention is likely to vary according to the category of goods or services in question (22/06/1999, C342/97, Lloyd Schuhfabrik, EU:C:1999:323, § 26).
Sodišče je navedlo, da je za namen celovite presoje povprečni potrošnik zadevnih proizvodov razmeroma dobro obveščen ter razumno pozoren in preudaren ter da je stopnja pozornosti upoštevne javnosti različna, odvisno od vrste zadevnega blaga ali storitev (22/06/1999, C342/97, Lloyd Schuhfabrik, EU:C:1999:323, § 26).
Whether its degree of attention will be higher or lower will depend, inter alia, on the nature of the relevant goods and services and the knowledge, experience and purchase involvement of the relevant public.
Ali je stopnja pozornosti višja ali nižja, je med drugim odvisno od vrste zadevnega blaga in storitev ter znanja in izkušenj upoštevne javnosti ter njene pozornosti pri nakupu.
The fact that the relevant public consists of the general public does not necessarily mean that the degree of attention cannot be high (for instance, when expensive, potentially hazardous or technically sophisticated goods are purchased).
Dejstvo, da upoštevno javnost sestavlja širša javnost, ne pomeni nujno, da stopnja pozornosti ne more biti visoka (na primer pri kupovanju dragega, potencialno nevarnega ali tehnično dovršenega blaga).
Likewise, the fact that the goods at issue target specialists does not necessarily mean that the degree of attention is always high.
Prav tako dejstvo, da je zadevno blago namenjeno specializirani javnosti, ne pomeni nujno, da je stopnja pozornosti visoka.
It is true that, in principle, the professional public has a high degree of attention when purchasing a specific product.
Načeloma je res, da ima strokovna javnost višjo stopnjo pozornosti pri kupovanju določenega proizvoda.
This is when these professional consumers are considered to have special background knowledge or experience in relation to the specific goods and services.
Šteje se namreč, da imajo strokovni potrošniki posebno osnovno znanje ali izkušnje v zvezi z določenim blagom in storitvami.
Moreover, purchases made by professional consumers are often more systematic than the purchases made by the general public.
Poleg tega so nakupi strokovnih potrošnikov pogosto bolj sistematični od nakupov širše javnosti.
However, this is not always the case.
To pa ne drži vedno.