natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
excipients: these are inactive ingredients, like water, or sodium chloride (salt), as well as the preservatives or stabilisers that help the vaccine remain unchanged during storage, keeping it active.
pomožne snovi: neaktivne sestavine, kot so voda, natrijev klorid (sol) ter konzervansi ali stabilizatorji, ki so namenjeni temu, da ostane cepivo med shranjevanjem nespremenjeno in aktivno.
For example, the package leaflet will state if there are special precautions for use of a vaccine in people with certain allergies, such as vaccines including trace amounts of egg in people with an egg allergy.
Tako bo na primer v navodilu za uporabo navedeno, ali so potrebni posebni previdnostni ukrepi za uporabo cepiva pri ljudeh z določenimi alergijami, na primer pri ljudeh z alergijo na jajca, kadar gre za cepiva, ki vsebujejo jajca v sledovih.
adjuvants: these improve the immune response to the vaccine by making the response stronger, faster and more sustained in time.
adjuvansi: snovi, ki spodbudijo imunski odziv na cepivo, zaradi česar je ta močnejši, hitrejši in trajnejši (na primer aluminij);
Twitter Facebook Linked In Mail
Sestavine cepiv
Immunity usually lasts for years, and sometimes for a lifetime.
Imunost običajno traja več let, včasih tudi celo življenje.
This is called the antigen.
Takšno snov imenujemo antigen.
This ‘ community immunity ' can only work if enough people are vaccinated.
Takšna „kolektivna imunost" je učinkovita samo takrat, kadar je cepljeno dovolj veliko število ljudi.
The length of time varies by disease and by vaccine.
Trajanje imunosti je za vsako bolezen in cepivo drugačno.
The person is also at risk of complications.
Pri takšni osebi obstaja tudi večje tveganje za morebitne zaplete bolezni.
Vaccines contain a greatly weakened or an inactivated (killed) form of a virus or bacterium that usually causes a disease, or a small part of the virus or bacterium.
Cepiva vsebujejo bodisi zelo oslabljeno oziroma inaktivirano (neživo) obliko virusa ali bakterije, ki bi v običajni obliki lahko povzročila bolezen, ali pa majhen del virusa oziroma bakterije.
Immunity through vaccination protects not only the immunised individual but also protects unvaccinated people in the community, such as infants who are too young to be vaccinated.
S cepljenjem pridobljena imunost ne ščiti samo cepljene osebe, temveč tudi necepljene ljudi v njeni okolici, kot so denimo dojenčki, ki so še premajhni za cepljenje.
A vaccine stimulates an immune response, and a ‘memory' of the body to a specific disease, without causing the disease.
Cepivo vzpodbudi odziv imunskega sistema in ustvari „spomin" v telesu človeka na določeno bolezen, brez da bi pri tem povzročilo bolezen.
Each virus and bacterium triggers a unique response in the immune system involving a specific set of cells in the blood, in the bone marrow and all over the body, called T-cells, B-cells, among others.
Vsak virus ali bakterija sproži enkraten odziv imunskega sistema, pri čemer igrajo pomembno vlogo posebne skupine celic v krvi, kostnem mozgu in celotnem telesu, imenovane celice T, celice B itd.
Later, if the person comes into contact with the actual infectious virus or bacterium, their immune system will ‘remember' it.
Če cepljena oseba kasneje pride v stik z dejansko kužnim virusom ali bakterijo, se ju bo njen imunski sistem „spomnil".
It will then quickly produce the right antibodies and activate the right immune cells to kill the virus or bacterium, protecting the person from the disease.
Tako bo lahko hitro začel tvoriti ustrezna protitelesa in aktiviral ustrezne imunske celice, ki bodo uničile virus ali bakterijo, s čemer bo zaščitil osebo bred boleznijo.
Antibodies are special proteins that help kill the infectious agent.
Protitelesa so posebne beljakovine, ki pomagajo pri uničevanju povzročiteljev okužbe.
When a person is given the vaccine, their immune system recognises the antigen as ‘foreign'.
Ko oseba prejme cepivo, imunski sistem prepozna antigen kot „tujek".
In contrast, a person who becomes immune by getting the disease can expose other unvaccinated people to the disease.
Za razliko od tega lahko oseba, ki preboleva bolezen, s katero se je okužila po naravni poti, izpostavi okužbi druge necepljene osebe.
The immune cells are trained to kill and make antibodies against the disease-causing agent.
Imunske celice so izurjene za uničevanje povzročiteljev bolezni in za izdelavo protiteles proti njim.
Twitter Facebook Linked In Mail
Imunski odziv
They are also less likely to infect others.
Prav tako obstaja manjša verjetnost, da bodo okužili druge.
Effectiveness in an individual depends on a number of factors.
Učinkovitost pri posameznikih je odvisna od številnih dejavnikov:
other diseases or conditions they may have;
drugih bolezni ali motenj, ki jih lahko imajo;
previous contact with the disease;
predhodnega stika z boleznijo;
As with any medicine, no vaccine is 100% effective in every person vaccinated.
Kot velja pri katerem koli zdravilu, tudi cepiva niso 100‑odstotno učinkovita pri vseh cepljenih osebah.
This is due to the person not developing sufficient protection against the disease or due to immunity decreasing over time.
Do tega pride, kadar oseba ne razvije zadostne zaščite proti bolezni ali ker se imunost s časom zmanjšuje.
In these cases, however, the person's symptoms are often milder than they would have been without vaccination.
Vendar se v teh primerih simptomi pri posameznikih običajno pojavijo v blažji obliki, kot če ti ne bi bili cepljeni.
In some circumstances, a person can still get a disease even after receiving the recommended doses of a vaccine against it.
V nekaterih primerih lahko posameznik še vedno zboli, čeprav je bil cepljen s priporočljivimi odmerki cepiva.
It typically provides lifelong protection and has an effectiveness of around 97-99% among healthy children who receive two doses.
Cepivo proti ošpicam, mumpsu in rdečkam (OMR) je na primer zelo učinkovito pri preprečevanju bolezni, saj običajno daje doživljenjsko zaščito in je pri zdravih otrocih, ki prejmejo dva odmerka, učinkovito v okoli 97 %-99 % primerov.
Authorised vaccines are effective at preventing disease and protecting the population when administered correctly.
Kadar se odobrena cepiva pravilno uporabijo, učinkovito preprečujejo bolezni in zaščitijo prebivalstvo.
A vaccine's ability to prevent a specific disease determines its effectiveness.
Učinkovitost cepiva je odvisna od njegove zmožnosti, da prepreči določeno bolezen.
the vaccine.
cepiva samega.
Benefits of vaccinating
Učinkovitost cepiv
how the vaccine is given;
časa, ki je pretekel od cepljenja;
In healthy individuals it is usually a mild disease.
Pri zdravih ljudeh ta bolezen običajno poteka v blažji obliki.
Rubella (German measles) is a viral infection.
Rdečke so virusna okužba.
About us
Rdečke
Pertussis is a highly infectious bacterial disease involving the lungs and airways.
Ošpice so zelo nalezljiva virusna bolezen, s katero se je mogoče okužiti pri kateri koli starosti in se lahko zelo hitro prenaša.
In some countries such recommendations are done at state or regional level.
Nekatere državeizdajajo tovrstna priporočila nadržavni ali regionalni ravni.
When looking at health-related information, it can be difficult to judge the quality and accuracy of information found.
Pri iskanju informacij v zvezi z zdravjem je težko presoditi kakovost in točnost najdenih informacij.
They initially occur at night and then become more frequent during the day and may recur for one to two months.
Napadi se na začetku pojavljajo ponoči, nato postanejo pogostejši čez dan in se lahko ponavljajo od enega do dveh mesecev.
People may wonder where to find accurate information, who is behind the development of the information they find, and also if the information is supported by scientific evidence.
Lahko se sprašujejo, kje je mogoče najti točne informacije, kdo je objavil informacije, ki jih najdejo, in ali so informacije podprte z znanstvenimi dokazi.
A third or fourth dose is recommended at 11-24 months of age, and another dose between three and seven years of age.
Tretji in četrti odmerek se priporočata pri starosti 11 do 24 mesecev, še en odmerek pa med tretjim in sedmim letom starosti.
Some vaccines are not part of routine vaccination schedules but are targeted at specific groups.
Nekatera cepiva niso del rutinskih programov cepljenja, saj so namenjena le določenim skupinam ljudi.
It usually occurs within minutes of exposure to the source of the allergy.
Običajno se pojavi v nekaj minutah po izpostavljenosti viru alergije.
The Vaccine Safety Net (VSN) is a global network of websites, established by the World Health Organization, that provides reliable information on vaccine safety.
Mreža za varnost cepiva je globalna mreža spletnih mest, ki jo je vzpostavila Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija in zagotavlja zanesljive informacije o varnosti cepiv.
Official websites from EU and EEA countries
Uradna spletna mesta držav EU in EGP
Healthcare professionals (e.g. doctors, nurses) have a role in ensuring that patients in their care receive the recommended vaccines at the right time.
Zdravstveni delavci (npr. zdravniki, medicinske sestre) imajo posebno vlogo pri zagotavljanju, da bolniki v njihovi oskrbi pravočasno prejmejo priporočljivo cepljenje.
In these groups, and in very young infants, pertussis is harder to diagnose.
Pri teh skupinah in pri zelo majhnih dojenčkih je oslovski kašelj težje diagnosticirati.
After this phase, the coughing fits become less frequent and less severe, and the infant gradually gets better (this can take up to three months).
Po tej fazi so napadi kašlja manj pogosti in manj hudi, dojenček pa postopno okreva (kar lahko traja tri mesece).
Below are links to official websites with information on vaccination from public health organisations of the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA) countries.
Spodaj so povezave do uradnih spletnih strani z informacijami o cepljenju iz javnih zdravstvenih organizacij držav Evropske unije (EU) in Evropskega gospodarskega prostora (EGP).
They also provide recommendations for people with chronic diseases.
Prav tako vsebujejo priporočila glede cepljenja ljudi s kroničnimi boleznimi.
The main purpose of this website is to provide accurate, objective, up-to-date evidence on vaccines and vaccination.
Glavni namen tega spletnega mesta je zagotavljanje natančnih, objektivnih in posodobljenih dokazov o cepivih in cepljenju.
Every effort should be made to see that women receive all routinely recommended vaccines before they reach child-bearing age.
Prizadevati si je treba, da ženske prejmejo vsa rutinsko priporočena cepiva, preden dosežejo rodno dobo.
Vaccines are recommended for different age groups, often for infants and children, but also for teenagers, adults and elderly people.
Priporočena so za različne starostne skupine, najpogosteje pri dojenčkih in otrocih, a tudi pri mladostnikih, odraslih osebah in starejših ljudeh.
Women of childbearing age should discuss with their healthcare provider which vaccines are recommended before, during and after pregnancy.
Ženske v rodni dobi bi se morale s svojim zdravnikom pogovoriti, katera cepiva se priporočajo pred nosečnostjo, med njo in po njej.
Immunocompromised patients also benefit from those around them being fully vaccinated (such as family members, caregivers), as then they are also indirectly protected.
Imunsko ogroženi bolniki imajo koristi tudi od tistih v njihovi bližini, ki so opravili vsa cepljenja (kot so družinski člani, negovalci), saj so tako tudi posredno zaščiteni.
Some countries also recommend a booster to unprotected women soon after they have delivered, to reduce the risk of transmission of the disease to the baby.
Nekatere države priporočajo obnovitveni odmerek tudi za necepljene ženske kmalu po porodu, da se zmanjša tveganje prenosa bolezni na dojenčka.
Anaphylaxis is a rare, rapid, extreme allergic reaction which can cause shock, swelling and difficulty breathing.
Anafilaksa je redka, hitra, ekstremna alergijska reakcija, ki lahko povzroči šok, otekanje in težave z dihanjem.
In some cases, the completion of the immunisations needed is recommended prior to the start of a treatment, as during the treatment the patient may be at higher risks of infection.
V nekaterih primerih se priporoča dokončanje potrebnih cepljenj pred začetkom zdravljenja, saj lahko med zdravljenjem za bolnika obstaja večje tveganje za okužbo.
With all the information that is available on the internet and circulating on social media on vaccination, people may sometimes get lost.
Zaradi vseh informacij v zvezi s cepljenjem, ki so na voljo na spletu in krožijo po družbenih medijih, so ljudje lahko zmedeni.
When symptoms do occur, they include:
Če se simptomi pojavijo, ti običajno vključujejo:
However, in order to be most effective, treatment must begin early in the course of disease, during the first one to two weeks before the episodes of numerous rapid coughs occur.
Vendar se mora zdravljenje zaradi kar največje učinkovitosti začeti zgodaj, v prvem do drugem tednu, preden se začnejo napadi kašlja.
Antibiotics can be used to treat pertussis and prevent further spread of the disease.
Za zdravljenje oslovskega kašlja in preprečevanje nadaljnjega širjenja bolezni se lahko uporabljajo antibiotiki.
There may be other contraindications for specific vaccines, which need discussing with the healthcare provider.
Za določena cepiva lahko obstajajo tudi druge kontraindikacije, o katerih se je treba pogovoriti z zdravnikom.
Up to 50% of people infected with rubella do not experience symptoms.
Približno 50 % oseb, okuženih z rdečkami, ne bo imelo nobenih simptomov.
It is caused by bacteria in the mouth, nose and throat of an infected person.
Bolezen povzroča bakterija, ki je prisotna v ustih, nosu in žrelu okužene osebe.
A history of 'anaphylactic' or other serious allergic reaction after receiving a vaccine is a contraindication to further doses of that vaccine.
Predhodne „anafilaktične" ali druge resne alergijske reakcije po prejemu cepiva so kontraindikacija za nadaljnje odmerke tega cepiva.
Some countries require proof of certain vaccinations before granting entry to the country.
Nekatere države namreč zahtevajo potrdilo o opravljenem cepljenju proti določenim boleznim, preden dovolijo vstop v državo.
For example, people who travel to regions where certain infectious diseases circulate such as yellow fever and typhoid fever may need to have vaccinations.
Na primer, potniki, ki potujejo na območja, kjer so prisotne določene nalezljive bolezni, kot sta na primer rumena mrzlica in trebušni tifus, se bodo morda morali cepiti.
Pertussis can also be spread by an individual who has only a mild form of the disease, or by an infected individual who has no symptoms at all.
Prenaša ga lahko tudi oseba, ki ima samo blažjo obliko bolezni, ali okužena oseba, ki nima nobenih znakov.
Adolescents, adults, or children partially immunised generally have milder or somewhat different symptoms.
Mladostniki, odrasli in otroci, ki še niso bili cepljeni z vsemi odmerki, imajo običajno blažje ali nekoliko drugačne simptome.
Some EU/EEA countries recommend boosters for adolescents, adults, and/or women during pregnancy, which also temporarily protects the baby once it is born.
Nekatere države EU/EGP priporočajo obnovitveni odmerek cepiva za mladostnike, odrasle in/ali nosečnice, saj tak odmerek pri nosečnicah začasno zaščiti tudi novorojenčka.
Women who plan to become pregnant should check their vaccination status, as they cannot be vaccinated against rubella during pregnancy.
Ženske, ki načrtujejo zanositev, naj predhodno preverijo svoj cepilni status, saj med nosečnostjo cepiva proti rdečkam ne smejo prejeti.
Certain immune system disorders (e.g. congenital immune deficiencies), or medical treatments (e.g. chemotherapy, a bone marrow or other organ transplant, or high doses of steroids) are contraindications for some vaccines, such as measles, mumps, rubella, varicella or oral typhoid.
Nekatere motnje imunskega sistema (npr. kongenitalne imunske pomanjkljivosti) ali zdravljenja (npr. kemoterapija, presaditev kostnega mozga ali drugega organa oziroma visoki odmerki steroidov) so kontraindikacije za nekatera cepiva, kot sta cepivo proti ošpicam, mumpsu, rdečkam, noricam ali peroralno cepivo proti tifusu.
Someone who experiences an anaphylactic or other serious allergic reaction following a certain vaccine should not be given that vaccine again, unless the vaccine is definitively ruled out as the cause.
Oseba, ki je imela anafilaktično ali drugo hudo alergijsko reakcijo po cepljenu z določenim cepivom i, ne sme ponovno prejeti tega cepiva, razen če je cepivo nedvomno izključeno kot vzrok za alergijsko reakcijo.
In young infants the typical 'whoop' may never develop, and the coughing fits may be followed by brief periods when breathing stops.
Pri mlajših dojenčkih se značilno piskajoči zvok lahko nikoli ne razvije, napadom kašlja pa lahko sledijo krajša obdobja brez dihanja.
Symptoms usually appear 7 to 10 days after infection, but may also appear up to 21 days later:
Znaki okužbe se običajno pojavijo od 7 do 10 dni po okužbi, lahko pa tudi po 21 dneh.
Information and links to the VSN member websites is available here: https://www.vaccinesafetynet.org/vsn/network .
Informacije in povezave do spletnih mest članov mreže za varnost cepiva je na voljo tukaj: https://www.vaccinesafetynet.org/vsn/network .
The most important way to prevent pertussis is through complete immunisation.
Najpomembnejši način za preprečevanje oslovskega kašlja je popolna imunizacija.
Within two weeks, the cough becomes more severe and is characterized by episodes of numerous rapid coughs, followed by a crowing or high-pitched ‘whoop'.
V dveh tednih postane kašelj hujši, značilni so napadi kašlja, ki ga spremlja vreščeč ali visok piskajoči zvok, podoben riganju.
National vaccination schedules in EU/EEA countries recommend vaccines at specific ages and for specific populations.
Nacionalni koledarji cepljenja v državah članicah EU/EGP priporočajo cepljenje določenih starostnih skupin in določenih skupin prebivalstva.
The vaccine for pertussis is usually given in combination with diphtheria and tetanus vaccination (often in combination also with poliomyelitis, Haemophilus influenzae and hepatitis B vaccination).
Cepivo proti oslovskemu kašlju se običajno kombinira s cepivom proti davici in tetanusu (pogosto tudi v kombinaciji s cepivom proti otroški paralizi, bakteriji Haemophilus influenzae in hepatitisu B).
In adults and older children, complications include inability to breathe for short periods, broken ribs, rectal prolapse and hernias.
Med zapleti pri odraslih in starejših otrocih so lahko krajša obdobja prenehanja dihanja, zlomljena rebra, prolaps danke in hernije.
swollen lymph glands around the ears and the back of the head;
otekle bezgavke na območju ušes in zatilja;
A vaccine is contraindicated to those allergic to any of the vaccine active substances or ingredients as listed in the product information.
Cepivo je kontraindicirano pri ljudeh, ki so alergični na katero koli učinkovino ali sestavino cepiva, kot je navedeno v informacijah, ki so priloženepripravku cepiva.
Frequently, older siblings and parents who may be carrying the bacteria bring the disease home and infect an infant in the household.
Pogosto bolezen prinesejo starejši sorojenci ali starši in doma okužijo dojenčka.
Some vaccines are contraindicated during pregnancy, such as measles, mumps and rubella.
Nekatera cepiva so kontraindicirana med nosečnostjo, kot je cepivo proti ošpicam, mumpsu in rdečkam.
However, if a woman gets rubella during the first three months of pregnancy, it is very likely to result in miscarriage or a baby born with congenital anomalies known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS).
Toda če za njo zboli nosečnica v prvem tromesečju, je zelo velika verjetnost, da se bo nosečnost končala s splavom oziroma da bo otrok imel prirojene nepravilnosti, ki jih imenujemo sindrom prirojenih rdečk.
The first dose is given between 10 and 18 months of age in most European countries.
Prvi odmerek se v večini evropskih držav daje, ko je otrok star od 10 do 18 mesecev.
The most severe forms of pertussis are in infants.
Za najhujšimi oblikami oslovskega kašlja zbolijo dojenčki.
This section provides links to the websites of other health organisations both at national and international level, in order to facilitate access to trusted sources of information, such as:
Za olajšanje dostopa do zanesljivih virov informacij so v tem razdelku navedene povezave do spletnih strani drugih zdravstvenih organizacij na nacionalni in mednarodni ravni, kot je:
Initially, symptoms resemble those of a common cold (sneezing, runny nose, low-grade fever and a mild cough).
Na začetku bolezni so znaki podobni navadnemu prehladu (kihanje, izcedek iz nosu, rahlo povišana telesna temperatura in blag kašelj).
CRS can lead to deafness, cataracts and learning disabilities in the baby.
Njegove posledice so lahko gluhota, katarakta in razvojne težave pri otroku.
Pertussis in unvaccinated infants or infants whose mother was unvaccinated can be particularly severe.
Oslovski kašelj je lahko posebno resen pri necepljenih dojenčkih ali dojenčkih, katerih matere niso bile cepljene.
Pertussis is a highly infectious bacterial disease involving the lungs and airways.
Oslovski kašelj je zelo nalezljiva bakterijska bolezen, ki prizadene pljuča in dihalne poti.
The consequences for unvaccinated pregnant women that get rubella are particularly severe, due to the likelihood that contracting the disease during pregnancy can lead to miscarriage or CRS in their babies.
Posledice okužbe z rdečkami pri necepljenih nosečnicah so zelo resne, saj je zelo verjetno, da bo posledica take okužbe med nosečnostjo splav ali sindrom prirojenih rdečk pri novorojenčku.
Some vaccine recipients develop a non-infectious mild measles-like rash, typically 7-14 days after vaccination, which disappears within 1-3 days.
Pri nekaterih cepljenih osebah se običajno od 7 do 14 dni po cepljenju pojavijo nenalezljivi, blagi, ošpicam podobni izpuščaji, ki po enem do treh dneh izginejo.
These episodes frequently end with the expulsion of a thick, clear mucous, often followed by vomiting.
Po končanih napadih bolnik večkrat izkašlja gosto, prozorno sluz, čemur pogosto sledi bruhanje.
pain and inflammation of the joints in adults.
boleče in vnete sklepe pri odraslih osebah.
The MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine is a combination vaccine that protects against measles, mumps and rubella.
Cepivo OMR (ošpice, mumps in rdečke) je kombinirano cepivo, ki ščiti pred okužbo z ošpicami, mumpsom in rdečkami.
A vaccine may be contraindicated for certain people, meaning they should not receive it. Possible contraindications should be always discussed with the healthcare provider before receiving a vaccine.
O možnih kontraindikacijah se je treba pred prejemom cepiva vedno posvetovati z zdravnikom.
Anyone who has not had the disease or who has not been vaccinated with the MMR vaccine is at risk of contracting rubella.
Vse osebe, ki te bolezni še niso prebolele ali niso bile cepljene proti njej s cepivom OMR, so izpostavljene tveganju za okužbo z virusom rdečk.
For more information about the network visit: https://vaccinesafetynet.org .
Več informacij o mreži je na voljo na: https://vaccinesafetynet.org .
The only protection against rubella is vaccination.
Edina zaščita pred okužbo z rdečkami je cepljenje.
A primary course of 2-3 doses is usually given between two and twelve months of age, in accordance with the national vaccination schedule.
V skladu z nacionalnim programom cepljenja otroci prvega od dveh do treh odmerkov običajno dobijo med drugim in dvanajstim mesecem starosti.
Who is at risk of pertussis?
Kdo je izpostavljen tveganju za okužbo z ošpicami?
Complications include pneumonia, encephalopathy (a disease of the brain), seizures and even death.
Najpogostejši zapleti so pljučnica, encefalopatija (možganska bolezen), epileptični napadi in celo smrt.
PLoS Med. 2013 Nov; 10(11): e1001558.
Protitelesa&nbsp;3.
For more information, see pertussis factsheet .
Drugo ime za oslovski kašelj je pertusis.
For more information check the ECDC website: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/pertussis/facts
Več informacij je na voljo na spletišču centra ECDC: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/pertussis/facts