natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Sexual practices that involve higher levels of trauma to the anogenital mucosa, such as anal penetrative sex, or that occur when there is a concurrent sexually transmitted infection, including HIV or genital ulceration, present greater risks.
Tveganje obstaja pri spolnih praksah, pri katerih prihaja do večjih poškodb anogenitalne sluznice, kot je analni spolni odnos s penetriranjem, ali pri spolnem odnosu s spremljajočo drugo spolno prenosljivo okužbo, kot sta na primer HIV ali spolna razjeda.
Eradication can thus be considered the final effect or end-result of public health initiatives to control the spread of infectious disease.
Izkoreninjenje je lahko končni učinek javnozdravstvenih pobud za nadzor nad širjenjem določene bolezni.
If a tuberculosis infection does become active, it most commonly involves the lungs (in about 90% of cases).
Če pride do okužbe s tuberkulozo, so običajno prizadeta pljuča (v približno 90 % primerov).
The diagnosis of COPD should be considered in anyone over the age of 35 to 40 who has shortness of breath, a chronic cough, sputum production, or frequent winter colds and a history of exposure to risk factors for the disease.
Diagnozo KOPB je treba imeti v mislih pri vseh osebah, ki so starejše od 35 do 40 let in ki imajo kratko sapo, kronični kašelj, s proizvodnjo izmečka, ki imajo številnejše prehlade pozimi in zgodovino izpostavljenosti dejavnikom tveganja za to bolezen.
Varadkar completed a course in professional Irish, and devised an Irish language form for his surname, Leo de Varad.
Zaključil je tečaj poklicne irščine ter prilagodil svoj priimek v Leo de Varad.
The proportion of disability from COPD globally has decreased from 1990 to 2010 due to improved indoor air quality primarily in Asia.
Globalni delež invalidnosti zaradi KOPB se je med 1990 in 2010 zmanjšal predvsem v Aziji zaradi boljše kakovosti zraka v zaprtih prostorih.
He then spent several years working as a junior doctor in St. James's Hospital and Connolly Hospital, before qualifying as a general practitioner in 2010.
Sprva je deloval v bolnišnici St. James in v bolnišnici Connolly, leta 2010 pa se je kvalificiral za splošnega zdravnika.
Four species infect humans: B. abortus, B. canis, B. melitensis, and B. suis.
Pri človeku lahko okužbo povzročijo B. melitensis, B. suis, B. abortus in B. canis.
The viruses continue to be shed after symptoms have subsided and shedding can still be detected many weeks after infection.
Virusi se izločajo tudi po prenehanju simptomov, izločanje virusov je zaznavno še več tednov po okužbi.
Rhabdomyolysis occurs in about 26,000 people a year in the United States.
V ZDA je letno okoli 26.000 primerov rabdomiolize.
Scores on CAT range from 0–40 with the higher the score, the more severe the disease.
Rezultati pri CAT imajo razpon 0-40: čim višji je rezultat, tem hujša je bolezen.
A hospital-acquired infection (HAI), also known as a nosocomial infection, is an infection that is acquired in a hospital or other health care facility.
Bolnišnična okužba je okužba, pridobljena v bolnišnici ali pri kakih zdravstvenih posegih.
Rates per 100,000 people in different areas of the world were: globally 178, Africa 332, the Americas 36, Eastern Mediterranean 173, Europe 63, Southeast Asia 278, and Western Pacific 139 in 2010.
Število primerov na 100.000 prebivalcev po svetu leta 2010: cel svet 178, Slovenija 332, Ameriki 36, Vzhodno Sredozemlje 173, Evropa 63, jugovzhodna Azija 278, in zahodni Pacifik 139.
The occupations most at risk are: adhesive handlers (e.g. acrylate), animal handlers and veterinarians (animal proteins), bakers and millers (cereal grains), carpet makers (gums), electronics workers (soldering resin), forest workers, carpenters and cabinetmakers (wood dust), hairdressers (e.g. persulfate), health care workers (latex and chemicals such as glutaraldehyde), janitors and cleaning staff (e.g. chloramine-T), pharmaceutical workers (drugs, enzymes), seafood processors, shellac handlers (e.g. amines), solderers and refiners (metals), spray painters, insulation installers, plastics and foam industry workers (e.g. diisocyanates), textile workers (dyes) and users of plastics and epoxy resins (e.g. anhydrides)
Najpogosteje se pojavi pri mlinarjih (moka žitaric, pelod, glivice, plesni), pojavlja pa se tudi v tekstilni industriji (obdelava volne, Naslov povezavebombaža, svila|svile), pri tapetnikih (lepilo, perje, volna, živalska dlaka), v kemični industriji, farmaciji, pri frizerjih (barve, laki)...
The safety and effectiveness of these new agents are uncertain as of 2012, because they are based on the results of relatively small studies.
Kolikšni sta varnost in učinkovitost teh novih učinkovin še nista čisto jasno, saj rezultati temeljijo na relativno majhnih vzorcih.
HIV/AIDS is a global pandemic.
HIV/aids je po vsem svetu razširjena pandemija.
If TB bacteria gain entry to the blood stream from an area of damaged tissue, they can spread throughout the body and set up many foci of infection, all appearing as tiny, white tubercles in the tissues.
Če bakterije z območja poškodovanega tkiva zaidejo v krvni obtok, se lahko razširijo po celem telesu in ustvarjajo številna žarišča, ki se vsa kažejo kot majhni, beli tuberkli v tkivu.
Chronic hepatitis C is defined as infection with the hepatitis C virus persisting for more than six months based on the presence of its RNA.
Kronični hepatitis C je opredeljen kot okužba z virusom VHC, ki traja več kot 6 mesecev in je dokazana na osnovi prisotnosti virusne RNK v krvi.
Roughly one-quarter of the world's population has been infected with M. tuberculosis, with new infections occurring in about 1% of the population each year.
Približno tretjina svetovnega prebivalstva je bila okužena s M. tuberculosis, do novih okužb prihaja letno pri približno 1 % prebivalstva.
Cough medicines are not recommended.
Zdravila za kašelj se ne priporočajo.
Health aid in developing countries
javno zdravje v Sloveniji
Some individuals either cannot develop immunity after vaccination or for medical reasons cannot be vaccinated.
Nekateri posamezniki po cepljenju ne razvijejo imunosti ali pa iz medicinskih razlogov ne smejo prejeti cepiva.
World Hepatitis Day, held on July 28, is coordinated by the World Hepatitis Alliance.
Glej tudi: Seznam ljudi s hepatitisom CSvetovni dan hepatitisa je 28. julija, koordinira ga Svetovno združenje za hepatitis.
Those who have been previously immunized with the Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine may have a false-positive test result.
Pri predhodno imuniziranih osebah lahko pride do lažno pozitivnih rezultatov testa.
Using alternative energy sources such as solar cooking and electrical heating is also effective.
Uporaba alternativnih virov energije, kot sta kuhanje na sonce in električno ogrevanje, je učinkovita rešitev, prav tako namesto biomase uporaba goriv, ​​kot sta petrolej ali oglje.
Costs are borne by the health insurance when the test is ordered by a physician.
Stroške krije zdravstveno zavarovanje, če test naroči zdravnik.
If the infection progresses, it interferes more with the immune system, increasing the risk of developing common infections such as tuberculosis, as well as other opportunistic infections, and tumors which are otherwise rare in people who have normal immune function.
Ko okužba napreduje, prizadene imunski sistem, zaradi česar se poveča tveganje za pojav pogostih okužb, kot je tuberkuloza, drugih oportunističnih okužb in tumorjev, ki redko prizadenejo ljudi z neokrnjenim imunskim sistemom.
At its most primitive, patients may be simply marked with coloured flagging tape or with marker pens.
Kot najbolj osnovno obliko poznamo označevanje pacientov z barvnim označevalnim trakom ali z markerji (flomastri).
In 1953, Dr. George L. Waldbott, an American allergist, first described a new disease he named "smoker's respiratory syndrome" in the 1953 Journal of the American Medical Association.
Leta 1953 je George L. Waldbott, alergolog iz ZDA, v Reviji združenja zdravnikov ZDA (Journal of American Medical Association) kot prvi opisal novo bolezen, ki jo je poimenoval »dihalni sindrom kadilca«.
The delay in diagnosis led to a worse outcome.
Višji seštevek je povezan s slabšim izidom.
Clinically advanced cases of asbestosis may lead to respiratory failure.
Klinični napredni primeri azbestoze povzročijo odpoved dihanja.
Adverse effects with these treatments were common, with half of people getting flu-like symptoms and a third experiencing emotional problems.
Neželeni učinki v obliki gripi podobnih simptomov se izrazijo pri okoli polovici zdravljenih, pri tretjini bolnikov pa se pojavijo čustvene težave.
Symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, watery eyes, body aches, shortness of breath, headache, weight loss, chills, sneezing, runny nose, coughing, dizziness, abdominal pain, lack of appetite, and fatigue.
Njeni simptomi so vročina, izguba telesne teže, izčrpanost, oteženo dihanje, kašljanje in izcedek iz oči in nosa.
Industrial and organizational psychology
Medicinski in pravni vidik
It is intended to increase immunity against that antigen back to protective levels, after memory against that antigen has declined through time.
S tem se ponovno poveča imunost proti dotičnemu antigenu na raven, ki je potrebna za zaščito pred okužbo, če je pred tem prišlo do njenega znižanja.
This terminology is no longer accepted as useful as most people with COPD have a combination of both emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Opisana terminologija ni več sprejemljiva, saj ima večina ljudi s KOPB kombinacijo obeh tipov.
Surgery for aneurysms was introduced in the 1930s.
Nevrokirurška oskrba anevrizem je bila uvedena v 30. letih 20. stoletja.
Mass vaccination to induce herd immunity has since become common and proved successful in preventing the spread of many infectious diseases.
Odtlej se je začelo uveljavljati množično cepljenje z namenom dosege čredne imunosti ter se izkazalo kot učinkovit način preprečevanja številnih nalezljivih bolezni.
Poorly ventilated cooking fires, often fueled by coal or biomass fuels such as wood and dung, lead to indoor air pollution and are one of the most common causes of COPD in developing countries.
Slabo prezračevani ognji za kuho, pri katerih je pogosto gorivo premog ali biomasa, kot so les in živalski iztrebki, vodijo do onesnaženosti zraka v zaprtih prostorih in so eden od najpogostejših vzrokov za KOPB v državah v razvoju.
There are many misconceptions about HIV/AIDS, such as the belief that it can be transmitted by casual non-sexual contact.
O bolezni in njenem povzročitelju obstajajo številna zmotna prepričanja, npr. mnenje, da se virus HIV lahko prenaša z običajnim nespolnim stikom.
Tissue destruction and necrosis are often balanced by healing and fibrosis.
Uničenje in odmiranje tkiva sta pogosto v ravnovesju s celjenjem in fibrozo.
identify additional hazards such as contamination.
Za identificiranje dodatnih nevarnosti, kot so okužbe
Minister for Social Protection (2016–2017)
Minister za socialno zaščito (2016–2017)
There are seven major genotypes of HCV, which are known as genotypes one to seven.
Obstaja sedem genotipov VHC, ki se jih označuje s števkami ena do sedem.
The risk is greater in those who are poor, although whether this is due to poverty itself or other risk factors associated with poverty, such as air pollution and malnutrition, is not clear.
Tveganje je večje pri revnih ljudeh, čeprav ni jasno, ali je to zaradi revščine same ali zaradi drugih dejavnikov tveganja, ki so z revščino povezani, kot sta na primer onesnaženje zraka in podhranjenost.
There is no evidence that breastfeeding spreads HCV; however, to be cautious, an infected mother is advised to avoid breastfeeding if her nipples are cracked and bleeding, or if her viral loads are high.
Prenos z dojenjem ni dokazan; okuženi materi pa se, če ima razpokane ali krvaveče bradavice, iz previdnosti dojenje odsvetuje, prav tako če ima visoko virusno breme.
Totally drug-resistant TB is resistant to all currently used drugs.
Proti zdravilom popolnoma odporna tuberkuloza je odporna proti vsem zdravilom, ki so trenutno na voljo.
COPD is a type of obstructive lung disease in which chronic, incompletely reversible poor airflow (airflow limitation) and inability to breathe out fully (air trapping) exist.
KOPB je vrsta obstruktivne pljučne bolezni, pri kateri obstaja kronično slab pretok zraka, ki je le delno reverzibilen (omejen pretok zraka), in pri katerem prizadeta oseba ni zmožna izdihniti v celoti (vklenjen zrak).
COPD may need to be differentiated from other causes of shortness of breath such as congestive heart failure, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, or pneumothorax.
KOPB je morda treba razlikovati od drugih vzrokov za kratko sapo, kot so zastojna srčna odpoved, pljučna embolija, pljučnica ali pnevmotoraks.
A second recognized complication is disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), a severe disruption in blood clotting that may lead to uncontrollable bleeding.
Drug možen zaplet je dismeminirana intravaskularna koagulacija – gre za hudo motnjo strjevanja krvi, ki lahko privede do nenadzorovanih krvavitev.
Between ten and fifteen percent die before reaching a hospital.
10–15 % bolnikov umre, preden dosežejo bolnišnico.
Treatment with appropriate antibiotics kills bacteria and allows healing to take place.
Zdravljenje z ustreznimi antibiotiki ubija bakterije in omogoča ozdravljenje.
A risk of fires and little benefit exist when those on oxygen continue to smoke.
Obstaja nevarnost za požar in zato malo koristi, če oseba na kisiku še naprej kadi.
Microbes resistant to multiple antimicrobials are called multidrug resistant (MDR).
Patogeni, odporni proti več antibiotikom, se imenujejo večkratno odporni (multirezistentni) patogeni.
The disease has become subject to many controversies involving religion, including the Catholic Church's position not to support condom use as prevention.
Postala je predmet številnih kontroverznosti, povezanih z religijo, vključno s stališčem Rimskokatoliške cerkve, da ne podpre kondoma kot načina za preprečevanje širjenja bolezni.
It is responsible for about 1–5% of cases and the condition is present in about three to four in 10,000 people.
Dejavnik je odgovoren za približno 1-5 % primerov stanje pa je prisotno pri približno 3-4 osebah na 10.000 ljudi.
It is more common among relatives of those with COPD who smoke than unrelated smokers.
Med sorodniki bolnikov s KOPB, ki kadijo, je pogostejša, kot med kadilci, ki si niso v sorodu.
Both types of agent appear to reduce the risk of acute exacerbations by 15–25%.
Obe vrsti dolgotrajno delujočih bronhodilatatorjev zmanjšujeta nevarnost za akutno poslabšanje za 15-25 %.
HIV is spread primarily by unprotected sex (including anal and oral sex), contaminated blood transfusions, hypodermic needles, and from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding.
Virus HIV se širi predvsem z nezaščitenimi spolnimi odnosi (vključno z analnim in oralnim spolnim občevanjem), okuženimi transfuzijami krvi, podkožnimi iglami ter s prenosom z matere na otroka med nosečnostjo, ob porodu ali pri dojenju.
The elevation of liver enzymes does not closely follow disease severity.
Vrednosti jetrnih encimov slabo korelirajo z resnostjo bolezni.
Although Richard Morton established the pulmonary form associated with tubercles as a pathology in 1689, due to the variety of its symptoms, TB was not identified as a single disease until the 1820s.
Čeprav je Dr Richard Morton leta 1689 za pljučno obliko bolezni dokazal patološko ozadje tuberklov,  TB zaradi raznolikosti njenih simptomov do 1820 ,niso opredelili kot ene same bolezni, ime tuberkuloza pa je prvi  leta 1839 uporabil J. L. Schönlein.
When one member of a family died from the disease, the other infected members would lose their health slowly.
Ko je v družini kdo umrl zaradi nje, so drugi okuženi člani družine začeli hirati.
Of those who smoke, about 20% will get COPD, and of those who are lifelong smokers, about half will get COPD.
Med kadilci bo okoli 20 % dobilo KOPB, med tistimi, ki kadijo že celo življenje, pa okoli polovica.
Smoking, however, is highly addictive, and many smokers need further support.
Tobak povzroča visoko stopnjo zasvojenosti in mnogi kadilci potrebujejo dodatno podporo.
Nucleic acid amplification tests and adenosine deaminase testing may allow rapid diagnosis of TB.
S testi amplifikacije DNK in preskusom na adenozin deaminazo je mogoče TB hitro dokazati.
Further bronchodilators, such as salbutamol, were developed in the 1970s, and the use of LABAs began in the mid-1990s.
Bronhodilatorji so se začeli uporabljati v šestdesetih, po obetavnem testiranju izoprenalin a. Dodatni bronhodilatorji, kot je salbutamol, so prišli na trg v 1970-ih, LABA se je začelo uporabljati sredi 1990-ih.
Effective dust control can be achieved by improving ventilation, using water sprays and by using mining techniques that minimize dust generation.
Učinkovit nadzor nad prahom je mogoče doseči z izboljšanjem prezračevanja, uporabo vodnih razpršil in rudarskih tehnik, ki zmanjšujejo nastajanje prahu.
Originally scheduled to take place between 24 July and 9 August 2020, the Games have been rescheduled for 23 July to 8 August 2021 as a result of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic.
Po običajnem razporedu bi se morale igre odvijati med 24. julijem in 9. avgustom 2020, toda zaradi pandemije koronavirusne bolezni 2019 so bile prestavljene za eno leto.
There are a number of diagnostic tests for hepatitis C, including HCV antibody enzyme immunoassay or ELISA, recombinant immunoblot assay, and quantitative HCV RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Za hepatitis C obstajajo številni diagnostični testi, kot so na primer ELISA (encimski imunski preskus na protitelesa proti VHC), prenos western in kvantitativna metoda verižne reakcije s polimerazo (PCR) za RNK VHC.
If multiple drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is detected, treatment with at least four effective antibiotics for 18 to 24 months is recommended.
Če se ugotovi, da gre za TB, ki je multirezistentna, to je odporna na več zdravil (MDR-TB), priporočajo jemati najmanj 4 učinkovite antibiotike 19 do 24 mesecev dolgo.
Efforts to keep a person's systolic blood pressure below somewhere between 140 and 160 mmHg is generally recommended.
Idealen sistolični krvni tlak naj bi bil med 120 in 150 mmHg.
Hepatitis C at Curlie
Hepatitis C na Open Directory Project
Treatment with stem cells is under study.
Trenutno potekajo raziskave zdravljenja z zarodnimi celicami.
Though Varadkar was born to a Hindu father and a Catholic mother, his parents made the decision to raise him in the Catholic faith.
Kljub temu, da je bil oče hindujec, mama pa katoličanka, sta otroke vzgajala v krščanstvu.
Typically, these must occur over several decades before symptoms develop.
Značilno je, da traja izpostavljenost več desetletij, preden se pojavijo simptomi.
The term "chronic bronchitis" is still used to define a productive cough that is present for at least three months each year for two years.
Pri tem je kronični bronhitis definiran kot kašelj, ki traja več kot tri mesece letno v zadnjih dveh letih in se kaže skupaj z nastajanjem izmečka.
It contains living bacteria, and thus can spread the infection.
Snov vsebuje žive bakterije, čemur sledi širjenje okužbe.
Testing is not able to distinguish between acute and chronic infections.
S testiranjem ni mogoče razlikovati med akutno in kronično okužbo.
On 19 March 2020, the FDA issued EUA to Abbott Laboratories for a test on Abbott's m2000 system; the FDA had previously issued similar authorization to Hologic, LabCorp, and Thermo Fisher Scientific.
FDA je 19. marca 2020 izdala dovoljenje za uporabo v sili (EUA) podjetju Abbott Laboratories za testiranje sistema Abbott m2000; pred tem je izdala podobna dovoljenja za Hologic, LabCorp in Thermo Fisher Scientific.
They married in the UK, early in 1971, then lived in Leicester, where the eldest of their three children, Sophie, was born.
Po poroki leta 1971 sta nekaj časa živela v Leicesteru, kjer se je rodila Leova najstarejša sestra Sophie.
Long-term antibiotics, specifically those from the macrolide class such as erythromycin, reduce the frequency of exacerbations in those who have two or more a year.
Dolgotrajni antibiotiki, posebno učinkovine iz razreda makrolidov, kot je eritromicin, zmanjšujejo pogostost poslabšanj pri osebah, pri katerih prihaja več kot enkrat na leto do zapletov.
Inhaled bronchodilators are the primary medications used, and result in a small overall benefit.
Dihalni bronhodilatorji so zdravila, ki se uporabljajo ob začetku zdravljenja in ki v manjši meri koristijo bolniku.
J Bone Joint Surg Am. 83-A (1): 136–7, author reply 138–41.
J Bone Joint Surg Am. 86-A (7): 1387–91.
Liver biopsies are used to determine the degree of liver damage present; however, there are risks from the procedure.
Jetrna biopsija se uporablja za določanje stopnje napredovalosti jetrne poškodbe, vendar sam postopek predstavlja tveganje.
In Africa, it primarily affects adolescents and young adults.
V Afriki v prvi vrsti prizadene mladostnike in mlade odrasle.
With resistance to antibiotics becoming more common there is greater need for alternative treatments.
Zaradi vse pogostejše odpornosti proti antibiotikom raste potreba po alternativnih zdravilih.
An epidemic (from Greek ἐπί epi "upon or above" and δῆμος demos "people") is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time.
Epidemija (iz grščine epi- na (predpona) + demos ljudje) je nenaden izbruh in hitro širjenje kake nalezljive bolezni v človeški populaciji, ki močno presega normalno obolevnost (t. i. incidenco) v tej populaciji.
Tests using two components were not determined to be reliable until 28 February 2020, and it was not until then that state and local laboratories were permitted to begin testing.
Preizkusi z dvema komponentama niso bili zanesljivi, tako da je šele 28. februarja 2020 Uprava za hrano in zdravila (FDA) na osnovi zakonodaje  državnim in lokalnim laboratorijem na osnovi zakonodaje za izjemne razmere dovolila.
The latter two species are classified as "nontuberculous mycobacteria" (NTM).
Slednji dve vrsti razvrščajo med »netuberkulozne mikobakterije«.
Cold temperatures may also play a role, with exacerbations occurring more commonly in winter.
Nizke temperature lahko prav tako igrajo vlogo, saj se poslabšanja pojavljajo pogosteje v zimskem času.
A single sneeze can release up to 40,000 droplets.
Pri enkratnem kihu nastane do 40.000 kapljic.
Globally, as of 2010, COPD is estimated to result in economic costs of $2.1 trillion, half of which occurring in the developing world.
Po vsem svetu so leta 2010 ekonomski stroški celega sveta zaradi KOPB znašali 2,1 milijard $, polovica pri tem v državah v razvoju.
Total number of infected cases was 8.
Skupno število okuženih je na ta dan bilo 8.
Infliximab, an immune-suppressing antibody, has been tested in COPD; there was a possibility of harm with no evidence of benefit.
Infliksimab, biološko zdravilo za zaviranje imunskega odziva, je bilo preizkušeno pri KOPB, vendar o njegovih koristi ni bilo nobenih dokazov.
By the 1950s mortality in Europe had decreased about 90%.
Smrtnost se je nato do leta 1950 zmanjšala za skoraj 90%.
Hepatitis C infects only humans and chimpanzees.
S hepatitisom C se lahko okužijo samo ljudje in šimpanzi.
These medications can be given either via a metered-dose inhaler with a spacer or via a nebulizer, with both appearing to be equally effective.
Ta zdravila se daje bodisi prek inhalatorja z določenim odmerkom z distančnikom, bodisi s pomočjo razpršilca, ki sta oba enako učinkovita.
Many people are so ill that they are confined to bed for several days, with aches and pains throughout their bodies, which are worse in their backs and legs.
Veliko obolelih mora za nekaj dni obležati, trga in boli jih po vsem telesu, najhuje po hrbtih in nogah.
Whether they affect the progression of the disease is unknown.
Ali na napredovanje bolezni delujejo, ni jasno.