natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
A US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) study of 11 outbreaks in New York State lists the suspected mode of transmission as person-to-person in seven outbreaks, foodborne in two, waterborne in one, and one unknown.
Ameriški Center ta nadzor in preprečevanje bolezni je v študiji preučil 11 izbruhov okužbe z norovirusi v zvezni dravi New York ter ugotovil, da je v sedmih primerih prišlo do prenosa zaradi neposrednega stika z bolnikom, v dveh primerih zaradi okužene hrane, v enem primeru zaradi okužene vode, v enem primeru pa je način prenosa ostal neznan.
Other types of smoke, such as, marijuana, cigar, and water-pipe smoke, also confer a risk.
Tudi druge vrste kajenja, kot so marihuana, cigare in vodna pipa, predstavljajo tveganje.
Results are generally available within a few hours to 2 days.
Rezultati so običajno na voljo v nekaj urah do dveh dneh.
SAH may occur as a result of a head injury or spontaneously, usually from a ruptured cerebral aneurysm.
Krvavitev se lahko zgodi spontano, navadno iz razpočene možganske anevrizme.
The disease is usually self-limiting, and severe illness is rare.
Bolezen je običajno samoomejujoča in redko pride do hude oblike.
Current HAART options are combinations (or "cocktails") consisting of at least three medications belonging to at least two types, or "classes", of antiretroviral agents.
Sedanja optimalna oblika HAART sestoji iz kombinacije najmanj treh zdravil iz najmanj dveh različnih skupin protiretrovirusnih zdravil.
Severe destruction of small airways can lead to the formation of large focal lung pneumatoses, known as bullae, that replace lung tissue.
Hudo uničenje malih dihalnih poti lahko vodi do nastanka velikih zračnih žepov, znanih kot bule, ki nadomeščajo pljučno tkivo.
Disease burden is the impact of a health problem as measured by financial cost, mortality, morbidity, or other indicators.
Meri se s stroški, smrtnostjo, obolevnostjo in drugimi kazalniki.
After infection, immunity to the same strain of the virus – the genotype – protects against reinfection for between 6 months to 2 years.
Po nekaterih podatkih traja zaščitna imunost proti istemu sevu virusa 6 mesecev, po dveh letih pa imunost povsem izzveni.
Pre-printed cards for this purpose are known as a triage tags.
Tu poznamo tudi vnaprej natisnjene kartice za ta namen, znane pod imenom triažne kartice.
People with prolonged, frequent, or close contact with people with TB are at particularly high risk of becoming infected, with an estimated 22% infection rate.
Ljudje z dolgotrajnim, pogostim ali tesnim stikom s tuberkoluznimi osebami so še posebno ogroženi (za stopnjo okužbe se v tem primeru ocenjuje, da znaša 22 %).
During an interview on RTÉ Radio on 18 January 2015 (his 36th birthday), Varadkar spoke publicly for the first time about being gay: "it's not something that defines me.
Svojo istospolno usmerjenost je Varadkar javno prvič razkril v radijskem intervjuju leta 18. januarja 2015 na svoj 36. rojstni dan.
Chronic lung disease is another significant risk factor.
Kronična pljučna bolezen je še en pomemben dejavnik tveganja.
Approximately 33% of people with influenza are asymptomatic.
Okoli 33% ljudi z gripo ne kaže znakov bolezni.
In developed countries, tuberculosis is less common and is found mainly in urban areas.
V razvitih državah je tuberkuloza manj pogosta, najti jo je predvsem v urbanih območjih.
This article covers the various types of triage systems as it occurs in medical emergencies, including the pre-hospital setting, disasters, and emergency department treatment, along with their limitations and ethical considerations.
Ta članek se ukvarja s konceptom triaže, kot se pojavlja pri urgentnih zdravniških zadevah, vključno s predbolnišnično oskrbo, katastrofami in obravnano na urgenci.
Noroviruses commonly isolated in cases of acute gastroenteritis belong to two genogroups: genogroup I (GI) includes Norwalk virus, Desert Shield virus and Southampton virus; and II (GII), which includes Bristol virus, Lordsdale virus, Toronto virus, Mexico virus, Hawaii virus and Snow Mountain virus.
Genetska skupina, ki pri ljudeh najpogosteje povzroča okužbe, je genetska skupina II (virus Bristol, virus Lordsdale, virus Toronto, virus Mehika, virus Havaji, virus Snežnega gorovja), ki trenutno obsega 19 genotipov.
The World Health Organization (WHO) declared TB a "global health emergency" in 1993, and in 2006, the Stop TB Partnership developed a Global Plan to Stop Tuberculosis that aimed to save 14 million lives between its launch and 2015.
Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija je leta 1993 TB razglasila za "svetovni zdravstveni izziv", leta 2006B pa je Združenje Ustavimo TB (stop TB) razvilo globalni načrt, kako zaustaviti tuberkulozo, z namenom do leta 2015 rešiti 14 milijonov življenj.
This is why the World Health Organization (assisted by the National Influenza Centers) makes recommendations for two different vaccine formulations every year; one for the Northern, and one for the Southern Hemisphere.
Zato Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija pripravlja po dve obliki cepiva proti gripi, eno za severno, drugo pa za južno poloblo.
The rate at which COPD worsens varies with the presence of factors that predict a poor outcome, including severe airflow obstruction, little ability to exercise, shortness of breath, significant underweight or overweight, congestive heart failure, continued smoking, and frequent exacerbations.
Hitrost, s katero se KOPB slabša, je odvisna od prisotnosti dejavnikov, ki napovedujejo slab izid, kot recimo huda obstrukcija dihalnih poti, nizka zmožnost za telesno dejavnost, kratka sapa, močna podhranjenost ali prekomerna telesna teža, zastojna srčna odpoved, neprestano kajenje in pogosta poslabšanja bolezni.
Fingernail clubbing is not specific to COPD and should prompt investigations for an underlying lung cancer.
Betičasti prsti niso specifični za KOPB in bi morali spodbuditi preiskave v smeri pljučnega raka.
Less common conditions that may present similarly include bronchopulmonary dysplasia and obliterative bronchiolitis.
Manj pogosti stanji s podobnimi znaki sta lahko bronhopulmonalna displazija in obliterativni bronhiolitis.
General exercise has been shown to decrease the risk of developing RSI.
Vaje zmanjšujejo tveganje za razvoj bolezni zaradi ponavljajočih se gibov.
A chronic cough is often the first symptom to develop.
Kronični kašelj se običajno pojavi kot prvi znak bolezni.
Minister for Transport, Tourism, and Sport (2011–2014)
Minister za promet, turizem in šport
For both influenza and norovirus, epidemics temporarily induce herd immunity until a new dominant strain emerges, causing successive waves of epidemics.
Epidemije virusov gripe in norovirusov povzročijo začasno čredno imunost, dokler se ne pojavijo novi dominantni sevi, ki povzročijo nove epidemije.
The greatest reduction in air flow occurs when breathing out, as the pressure in the chest is compressing the airways at this time.
Do zmanjšanja pretoka zraka prihaja največ med izdihom, ko tlak v prsih stiska dihalne poti.
Most cases of COPD can be prevented by reducing exposure to risk factors.
KOPB lahko preprečimo z zmanjšanjem izpostavljenosti znanim vzrokom.
A triage tag is a prefabricated label placed on each patient that serves to accomplish several objectives:
Triažna kartica je vnaprej pripravljena oznaka, ki jo damo vsakemu pacientu, in služi za doseganje več ciljev:
Mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis C occurs in fewer than 10% of pregnancies.
Do vertikalnega prenosa hepatitisa C z okužene matere na njenega otroka pride v manj kot 10 % nosečnosti.
These assays are very sensitive and can detect as few as 10 virus particles.
Ti testi so zelo občutljivi in zaznajo zelo nizko število virusnih delcev v vzorcu.
Among these, the Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation received a gift of more than $280 million (US) from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to develop and license an improved vaccine against tuberculosis for use in high burden countries.
Podjetje je prejelo več kot 280.000.000 $ (US) od Fundacije Bill in Melinda Gates za razvoj in licenciranje boljšega cepiva proti tuberkulozi, ki naj bi se ga uporabilo v zelo obremenjenih državah.
Tests such as ELISA that use antibodies against a mixture of norovirus strains are available commercially, but lack specificity and sensitivity.
Na tržišču so tudi testi ELISA, pri katerih poteka zaznava različnih sevov norovisusa s pomočjo protiteles, vendar sta občutljivost in specifičnost teh testov manjši.
A sustained response is seen in 70–80% of people with HCV genotypes 2 and 3 with 24 weeks of treatment.
Trajen odziv se doseže pri 70–80 % oseb z genotipoma 2 in 3 po 24 tednih terapije.
MTB can withstand weak disinfectants and survive in a dry state for weeks.
MTB preživi v šibkih razkužilih in v obliki endospor preživi tedne dolgo.
Health-EU Portal Vaccinations in the EU
Zgodovina cepljenja v Sloveniji
However, most infections with M. tuberculosis do not cause TB disease, and 90–95% of infections remain asymptomatic.
Vendar pa večina okužb z M. tuberculosis ne povzroči tuberkuloze, in 90–95 % okužb ostaja brez simptomov.
He noted that they did not collapse as usual because they were full of air and the airways were filled with mucus.
Ugotovil je, da niso upadle kot po navadi, saj so bile polne zraka in njihove dihalne poti so bile zapolnjene s sluzjo.
This variability is also likely to be affecting reported case fatality rates, which have probably been overestimated in many countries, due to sampling bias.
Ta spremenljivost seveda vpliva tudi na prijavljene stopnje smrtnosti.
Many people with more advanced COPD breathe through pursed lips and this action can improve shortness of breath in some.
Veliko ljudi z napredovalo obliko KOPB diha skozi našobljene ustnice, kar pri nekaterih olajša zasoplost.
The flu can worsen chronic health problems.
Kronične bolezenske težave lahko gripa še dodatno oteži.
However, whether it protects against male-to-female transmission is disputed, and whether it is of benefit in developed countries and among men who have sex with men is undetermined.
Podatki o tem, ali obrezovanje ščiti tudi pred prenosom okužbe iz moškega na žensko, so protislovni, in tudi ni pojasnjeno, ali prinaša obrezovanje koristi tudi v razvitih državah ter pri populaciji moških, ki imajo spolne odmose z moškimi.
Chemical fabrication, mining, medicine, and related professional fields are examples of occupations where chemical burns may occur.
Proizvodnja kemičnih izdelkov, rudarstvo, medicina in sorodna področja predstavljajo večjoje nevarnost kemičnih opeklin.
Each one of these droplets may transmit the disease, since the infectious dose of tuberculosis is very small (the inhalation of fewer than 10 bacteria may cause an infection).
Vsaka od teh kapljic lahko prenese bolezen, saj je doza za okužbo s tuberkulozo zelo nizka (že vdih manj kot 10 bakterij lahko povzroči okužbo).
Development and testing of more effective vaccines is underway.
Učinkovitejša cepiva se ta čas razvijajo in preverjajo.
The urine may be dark, often described as "tea-colored", due to the presence of myoglobin.
Seč je lahko zaradi prisotnosti mioglobina obarvan temno (»kot čaj«).
The cascade of person-to-person spread can be circumvented by segregating those with active ("overt") TB and putting them on anti-TB drug regimens.
Širjenje od osebe do osebe je mogoče preprečiti z učinkovito izolacijo oseb z aktivno (»prikrito«) tuberkulozo in z ustreznim režimom zdravil proti TBC.
It is unclear whether different types of COPD exist.
Ni jasno, ali obstajajo različne vrste KOPB.
In those with HIV, the risk of developing active TB increases to nearly 10% a year.
Pri osebah s HIV se nevarnost za pojav aktivne TBC poveča na skoraj 10 % na leto.
Diagnosis of latent TB relies on the tuberculin skin test (TST) or blood tests.
Diagnoza latentne tuberkuloze temelji na tuberkulinskem kožnem testu ali na krvnih preiskavah.
Often, several attempts are required before long-term abstinence is achieved.
Pogosto je potrebnih več poskusov, preden se doseže dolgoročna vzdržnost.
This can also lead to insufficient ventilation, and eventually low blood oxygen levels.
To lahko privede tudi do nezadostnega prezračevanja in navsezadnje do nizke ravni kisika v krvi.
Those at high risk thus include: people who inject illicit drugs, inhabitants and employees of locales where vulnerable people gather (e.g. prisons and homeless shelters), medically underprivileged and resource-poor communities, high-risk ethnic minorities, children in close contact with high-risk category patients, and health-care providers serving these patients.
Visoko ogroženi so med drugim ljudje, ki si vbrizgavajo nedovoljene droge, prebivalci in zaposleni na območjih, kjer se bolni ljudje zbirajo (npr. zapori in zavetišča za brezdomce), glede zdravstvenih oskrbe in virov revne skupnosti, visoko ogrožene etnične manjšine, otroci v tesnem stiku z visoko ogroženimi bolniki in zdravstveno osebje, ki za te bolnike skrbi.
People with this disseminated TB have a high fatality rate even with treatment (about 30%).
Smrtnost je pri ljudeh s to obliko kljub zdravljenju visoka (približno 30 %).
Ipratropium is a short-acting agent, while tiotropium is long-acting.
Ipratropij je kratko delujoče sredstvo, tiotropij pa deluje dolgotrajno.
It is not clear when transmission occurs during pregnancy, but it may occur both during gestation and at delivery.
Kdaj med nosečnostjo pride do prenosa bolezni, ni jasno; lahko že med samo nosečnostjo ali pa ob porodu.
Disease in a baby can often be prevented by giving both the mother and child antiretroviral medication.
Pri otroku je bolezen pogosto mogoče preprečiti s protiretrovirusnimi zdravili.
In 2000, the FDA announced their intention to revoke approval of fluoroquinolone use in poultry production because of substantial evidence linking it to the emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter infections in humans.
Leta 2000 je FDA je objavila svojo namero, da prekliče dovoljenje za uporabo fluorokinolona  v proizvodnji perutnine zaradi utemeljenih dokazov, da zaradi tega prihaja pri ljudeh vse bolj do okužb z bakterijo  Campylobacter, ki je odporna proti fluorokonolonu.
There is also a combination formulation that includes both hepatitis A and B vaccines.
Na voljo je tudi kombinirano cepivo proti hepatitisu A in B.
During active disease, some of these cavities are joined to the air passages (bronchi) and this material can be coughed up.
Med aktivno boleznijo se nekatere od teh votlin lahko povežejo z bronhiji v zračnih kanalih, tako da je snov v njih mogoče izkašljati.
Amadio PC (January 2001).
Brooks P (1993).
Antibiotic resistance can be introduced artificially into a microorganism through laboratory protocols, sometimes used as a selectable marker to examine the mechanisms of gene transfer or to identify individuals that absorbed a piece of DNA that included the resistance gene and another gene of interest.
Odpornost proti antibiotikom je mogoče v mikro'organizem uvesti tudi umetno v laboratoriju; včasih se uporablja kot izbirni označevalec pri raziskavah mehanizmov za prenos genov ali kot pripomoček pri identifikaciji organizmov, ki so absorbirali kos DNK z genom za odpornost ali kako drugo zanimivo lastnost.
Several short-acting β2 agonists are available, including salbutamol (albuterol) and terbutaline.
Na voljo je več kratko delujočih agonistov β2, kot sta salbutamol (Ventolin) in terbutalin.
Centers for Disease Control on hand hygiene in healthcare settings
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
In 2012 it became the third leading cause as the number of deaths rose again to 3.1 million.
V letu 2012 je bolezen kot tretji najbolj pogosti vzrok smrti terjala življenje več kot treh milijonov ljudi.
COPD develops as a significant and chronic inflammatory response to inhaled irritants.
KOPB se razvija kot pomemben in kroničen vnetni odziv na vdihavanje dražečih snovi.
Progression from TB infection to overt TB disease occurs when the bacilli overcome the immune system defenses and begin to multiply.
Okužba se razvije v jasno izraženo TB, ko bacili premagajo obrambo imunskega sistema in se začnejo razmnoževati.
Normally, 75–80% of the FVC comes out in the first second and a FEV1/FVC ratio less than 70% in someone with symptoms of COPD defines a person as having the disease.
Normalno se v prvi sekundi izdihne 75-80 % FVC in razmerje FEV1 / FVC pod 70 % pomeni za osebo s simptomi KOPB, da to bolezen tudi ima.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)(Vancomycin intermediate-resistant Staphylococcus aureus redirect)
proti meticilinu odporni Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
A person with active but untreated tuberculosis may infect 10–15 (or more) other people per year.
Oseba z aktivno, vendar nezdravljeno tuberkulozo lahko na leto okuži 10‒15 (ali več) drugih.
If there is no RNA and the immunoblot is positive, it means that the person tested had a previous infection but cleared it either with treatment or spontaneously; if the immunoblot is negative, it means that the immunoassay was wrong.
Če RNK ni zaznavna, preskus z imunoprenosom pa je pozitiven, pomeni, da je oseba v preteklosti bila okužena, vendar pa je virus izginil, bodisi zaradi zdravljenja bodisi spontano.
The key findings were:
V splošnem zdravstveni delavci priporočajo naslednji postopek:
The characteristic pulmonary function finding in asbestosis is a restrictive ventilatory defect.
Značilnost pljučne funkcije pri azbestozi je restriktivna dihalna okvara.
Kaposi's sarcoma is the most common cancer, occurring in 10% to 20% of people with HIV.
Kaposijev sarkom je najpogostejša oblika raka pri okuženih z virusom HIV.
The categorizations of the victims are frequently the result of triage scores based on specific physiological assessment findings.
Kategorizacija žrtev je pogosto rezultat tiražnega točkovanja, ki temelji na specifičnih fizioloških ocenah.
Long-term outcomes in COPD can be estimated using the BODE index which gives a score of zero to ten depending on FEV1, body-mass index, the distance walked in six minutes, and the modified MRC dyspnea scale.
Dolgoročne posledice KOPB je mogoče oceniti s pomočjo indeksa BODE, na katerega  (vrednost med 0 in 10) vplivajo FEV1, indeks telesne mase, razdalja, prehojena v šestih minutah, in prilagojena lestvica za dispnejo MRC.
As of 2011, there are about one hundred medications in development for hepatitis C. These include vaccines to treat hepatitis, immunomodulators, and cyclophilin inhibitors, among others.
Leta 2011 je bilo v razvoju okoli 100 zdravil za hepatitis C. Med drugim gre za cepiva proti hepatitisu C, imunomodulatorje in zaviralce ciklofilina.
Evidence supporting the use of steroids in COPD was published in the late 1950s.
Dokazi, ki podpirajo uporabo steroidov pri KOPB, so bili objavljeni v poznih 1950-ih.
The destruction of the connective tissue of the lungs leads to emphysema, which then contributes to the poor airflow, and finally, poor absorption and release of respiratory gases.
Uničenje veznega tkiva v pljučih je povod za razvoj emfizema, ki nato prispeva k slabemu pretoka zraka in končno k slabemu vpijanju in sproščanju dihalnih plinov.
Any heterogeneous environment with respect to nutrient and antibiotic gradients may facilitate antibiotic resistance in small bacterial populations.
Katerokoli s stališča hranil in antibiotičnih gradientov heterogeno okolje lahko olajša razvoja odpornosti proti antibiotikom v majhnih populacijah bakterij ‒ in to velja tudi za človeško telo.
Occupational medicine aims to prevent diseases and promote wellness among workers.
Medicina dela je veja medicine, ki se ukvarja s preventivnim pregledovanjem delavcev in potrjevanjem njihovih sposobnosti za delo.
This has resulted in improvements in the lung function of their populations.
To je privedlo do izboljšav pljučne funkcije pri njihovem prebivalstvu.
Spirometry may help to determine the severity of airflow limitation.
Spirometrija lahko ugotovi resnost omejitve zračnega pretoka.
Each year, the World Health Organization predicts which strains of the virus are most likely to be circulating in the next year (see Historical annual reformulations of the influenza vaccine), allowing pharmaceutical companies to develop vaccines that will provide the best immunity against these strains.
Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija vsako leto napove, za katere seve virusa gripe je najverjetneje, da bodo v naslednjem letu krožili med prebivalstvom in s tem omogoči farmacevtskim podjetjem razvoj cepiv, učinkovitim proti tem sevom.
These late symptoms of infection are referred to as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Te pozne simptome okužbe imenujemo akvirirani imunski deficitni sindrom (aids).
First days of the pandemic were challenging for Slovenia due to the resignation of Prime Minister Marjan Šarec in late January and the consequent formation of new government.
Zvečer ta dan je ukrepanje prevzela novoimenovana Vlada Republike Slovenije pod vodstvom premierja Janeza Janše, ki se je formirala po januarskem odstopu Marjana Šarca s položaja premierja.
In 1987, Michael Houghton, Qui-Lim Choo, and George Kuo at Chiron Corporation, collaborating with Daniel W. Bradley at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, used a novel molecular cloning approach to identify the unknown organism and develop a diagnostic test.
Leta 1987 so Michael Houghton, Qui-Lim Choo in George Kuo, sodelavci korporacije Chiron, v sodelovanju z DW Bradleyem, sodelavcem Centra za nadzor in preprečevanje bolezni (CDC) na osnovi najnovejše metode molekulskega kloniranja identificirali neznani organizem in razvili zanj diagnostični test.
Due to limited testing, as of March 2020 no countries had reliable data on the prevalence of the virus in their population.
Zaradi omejenih možnosti za testiranje marca 2020 nobena od prizadetih držav ni imela zanesljivih podatkov o razširjenosti virusa v svoji populaciji.
Following the acute phase, the infection may resolve spontaneously in 10–50% of affected people; this occurs more frequently in young people, and females.
Okužba spontano izgine v 10–50 % primerih, pogosteje pri mladih osebah ženskega spola.
Anticholinergics can cause dry mouth and urinary tract symptoms.
Antiholinergiki lahko povzročijo suha usta in simptome na sečilih.
While there is tentative data that it is safe, and the animal data is promising, there is little human data as of 2017.
Čeprav je metoda na splošno varna in podatki poskusov na živalih obetavni, obstaja leta 2014 le malo podatkov za ljudi.
There are multiple national and international monitoring programs for drug-resistant threats, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA), extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MRAB).
Kako hitro narašča razširjenost in incidenca okužb z večkratno odpornimi patogeni, kaže najbolje vse večje število splošno znanih kratic za povzročitelja in včasih okužbe na splošno; med njimi so verjetno najbolj znane MRSA (proti meticilinu odporni Staphylococcus aureus), potem VISA (vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus), VRSA (vancomycin-resistant S. aureus), ESBL (Extended spectrum beta-lactamase), VRE (Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus) in MRAB (Multidrug-resistant A. baumannii).
In addition to a restrictive defect, asbestosis may produce reduction in diffusion capacity and a low amount of oxygen in the blood of the arteries.
Poleg restriktivne okvare lahko azbestoza povzroči zmanjšanje zmogljivosti v difuzijski kapaciteti in arterijsko hipoksemijo.
Sputum may be swallowed or spat out, depending often on social and cultural factors.
Sputum se lahko pogoltne ali pa izpljune, pogosto odvisno od družbenih in kulturnih dejavnikov.
Tuberculosis is classified as one of the granulomatous inflammatory diseases.
Tuberkulozo razvrščajo med granulomatozne vnetne bolezni.
HIV/AIDS is considered a pandemic—a disease outbreak which is present over a large area and is actively spreading.
HIV/AIDS se šteje za pandemijo — izbruh bolezni, ki je zajel široko geografsko območje in se aktivno širi.