natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence criteria additionally require a FEV1 less than 80% of predicted.
Merila, ki jih je postavil Nacionalni inštitut za klinično odličnost, dodatno zahtevajo FEV1 pod 80 % napovedanega.
Circumcision in Sub-Saharan Africa "reduces the acquisition of HIV by heterosexual men by between 38% and 66% over 24 months".
Študije, izvedene v podsaharski Afriki, kažejo, da imajo obrezani heteroseksualni moški od 38 do 66 % manjše tveganje za okužbo v časovnem razponu dveh let.
More than 70% of the diners at an adjacent table fell ill; at a table on the other side of the restaurant, the infection rate was still 25%.
Ob sosednjih mizah je zbolelo 70 % gostov, za najbolj oddaljeno mizo pa je zbolelo 25 % oseb.
This is especially important for close family members, who account for most of the transmissions to young infants.
To je pomembno zlasti za stanje znotraj družine, kjer se zgodi največ prenosov okužb na majhne otroke.
Other known pathogenic mycobacteria include M. leprae, M. avium, and M. kansasii.
Druge znane patogene mikobakterije so med drugim Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium avium in Mycobacterium kansasii.
The evidence for treatment in genotype 6 disease is sparse and what evidence there is supports 48 weeks of treatment at the same doses used for genotype 1 disease.
Dokazov za zdravljenje genotipa 6 ni veliko, obstajajo le za primere z 48 tedni zdravljenja, v enakih odmerkih kot za genotip 1.
The poor airflow is the result of breakdown of lung tissue (known as emphysema), and small airways disease known as obstructive bronchiolitis.
Slab pretok je posledica okvare pljučnega tkiva (pri čemer se nabira zrak v pljučih, kar imenujemo emfizem) ter bolezni majhnih dihalnih poti (obstruktivni bronhitis).
Chronic infections are typically asymptomatic during the first few decades, and thus are most commonly discovered following the investigation of elevated liver enzyme levels or during a routine screening of high-risk individuals.
Kronični hepatitis C običajno poteka prvih nekaj desetletij brez izraženih simptomov, zato ga najpogosteje odkrijejo zaradi povišanih vrednosti jetrnih encimov, ugotovljenih s testi jetrne funkcije, ali med rutinskim presejanjem oseb iz skupin z visokim tveganjem.
The World Health Organization operates 150 country offices in six different regions.
Številni strokovnjaki SZO iz več kot 150 različnih držav delajo v 147 državah sveta, šest regionalnih uradih in v centrali - na sedežu v Ženevi.
Silicosis increases the risk about 30-fold.
Silikoza povečuje tveganje za približno 30-krat.
This includes decreasing rates of smoking and improving indoor and outdoor air quality.
Gre za prizadevanja, da se zmanjša obseg kajenja ter izboljša kakovost zraka v bivališčih in na prostem.
A diagnosis of TB should, however, be considered in those with signs of lung disease or constitutional symptoms lasting longer than two weeks.
Na diagnozo TB pa je treba pomisliti pri pacientih z znaki pljučnega obolenja ali splošnimi simptomi, ki trajajo dlje kot dva tedna.
Bedaquiline received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in late 2012.
Bedaquiline je konec 2012 FDA odobrila.
TB infection begins when the mycobacteria reach the alveolar air sacs of the lungs, where they invade and replicate within endosomes of alveolar macrophages.
Okužba TBC se začne, ko mikobakterije pridejo v pljučne alveole, kjer napadejo alveolarne makrofage in se v njihovih endosomih razmnožujejo.
At the molecular level, viruses escape from herd immunity through antigenic drift, which is when mutations accumulate in the portion of the viral genome that encodes for the virus's surface antigen, typically a protein of the virus capsid, producing a change in the viral epitope.
Na molekularni ravni to pomeni, da pride do antigenskega odmika (angl. antigenic drift), tako da se nakopiči dovolj mutacij v virusu v predelu genoma, ki zapisuje virusne antigene na njegovi površini, najpogosteje beljakovine, ki tvorijo virusno kapsido, ter se spremeni virusni epitop.
Those responsible for the removal of the wounded from a battlefield or their care afterwards would divide the victims into three categories:Those who are likely to live, regardless of what care they receive;
Tisti, ki so bili odgovorni za to, da so prenašali ranjene z bojišč ali za njihovo kasnejšo oskrbo so žrtve razdelili v tri skupine:
The primary route of transmission in the developed world is intravenous drug use (IDU), while in the developing world the main methods are blood transfusions and unsafe medical procedures.
Poglavitna pot prenosa bolezni je v razvitem svetu intravensko jemanje mamil, v razvijajočih se delih sveta pa so to predvsem transfuzije krvi in nevarni zdravstveni postopki.
Mother-to-child transmission in Botswana and South Africa, as of 2013, has decreased to less than 5%, with improvement in many other African nations due to improved access to antiretroviral therapy.
V številnih državah se je v zadnjih letih prenos iz matere na otroka znatno zmanjšal zaradi povečanega dostopa do protiretrovirusnega zdravljenja; v Bocvani in Južni Afriki je tako padel pod 5 %.
Duties were transferred on responsible ministries.
Zdravstvenim delavcem so prepovedali potovanja v kritične države.
Respiratory infections such as pneumonia do not appear to increase the risk of COPD, at least in adults.
Okužbe dihal, kot je pljučnica, naj ne bi povečevale tveganja za KOPB, kar velja predvsem za odrasle.
More severe rhabdomyolysis is characterized by muscle pain, tenderness, weakness and swelling of the affected muscles.
Hujše oblike rabdomiolize značilno spremljajo mišične bolečine, oslabljenost in otekanje prizadetih mišic.
Tuberculosis may infect any part of the body, but most commonly occurs in the lungs (known as pulmonary tuberculosis).
Tuberkuloza lahko okuži katerikoli del telesa, najpogosteje pa se pojavi v pljučih (po tem poznana kot pljučna tuberkuloza).
For PoCT a single specimen of blood is usually obtained by skin puncture.
Za PoCT se običajno jemlje s punkcijo en sam vzorec krvi.
The vaccine is reformulated each season for a few specific flu strains but does not include all the strains active in the world during that season.
Cepivo je vsako sezono reformulirano in zajema določene seve virusa gripe, vendar ne pokriva vseh sevov, ki so v določeni sezoni aktivni.
Keeping people from starting smoking is a key aspect of preventing COPD.
Skrb za to, da ljudje sploh ne začnejo kaditi, je ključni vidik preprečevanja KOPB.
The disease also has large economic impacts.
Bolezen povzroča tudi veliko gospodarsko breme.
The TLC may be reduced through alveolar wall thickening; however, this is not always the case.
Skupna pljučna kapaciteta se lahko zmanjša preko alveolarne odebelitve stene, vendar ni vedno temu tako.
The organization develops and promotes the use of evidence-based tools, norms and standards to support member states to inform health policy options.
Izvaja zdravstvene raziskave, postavlja norme in standarde, oblikuje na dokazih temelječe politike, zagotavlja tehnično podporo državam ter nadzira in ocenjuje zdravstvene trende.
Hyperinflation from exercise is linked to shortness of breath in COPD, as breathing in is less comfortable when the lungs are already partly filled.
Hiperinflacija zaradi telesne dejavnosti je pri KOPB povezana z zasoplostjo in kratko sapo, saj je težje vdihniti, če so pljuča deloma že polna.
In those with advanced disease, palliative care may reduce symptoms, with morphine improving the feelings of shortness of breath.
Pri osebah z napredovalno boleznijo lahko paliativna oskrba zmanjša simptome; morfij pri tem izboljšuje občutek kratke sape.
This form of disease is called bullous emphysema.
Ta oblika bolezni se imenuje bulozni emfizem.
Symptoms may include a severe headache of rapid onset, vomiting, decreased level of consciousness, fever, and sometimes seizures.
Simptomi SAK so hud glavobol, ki nastopi nenadoma, bruhanje, zmedenost ali spremenjeno stanje zavesti in včasih epileptični napadi.
The exact symptoms of a chemical burn depend on the chemical involved.
Točni simptomi kemične opekline se razlikujejo, odvisno od vpletene kemijske spojine.
A few cases of a very rare disease may be classified as an epidemic, while many cases of a common disease (such as the common cold) would not.
Definicija je tako odvisna od pričakovane pogostosti bolezni:  nekaj primerov redke bolezni v populaciji označujemo za epidemijo, medtem ko mnogo več primerov pogoste, npr. prehlada, ne.
China and the United States had problems with the reliability of test kits early in the outbreak, and these countries and Australia were unable to supply enough kits to satisfy demand and recommendations for testing by health experts.
Kitajska in ZDA sta imeli težave z zanesljivostjo testnih kompletov že v začetku izbruha,  nista bili sposobni zagotoviti komplete v količinah, ki bi zadovoljile povpraševanje in priporočila za testiranje zdravstvenih strokovnjakov (o podobnih težavah poročajo tudi v Avstraliji).
The amount of sputum produced can change over hours to days.
Količina proizvedenega izmečka se lahko v času nekaj ur ali dni spreminja.
In 1994, Bradley sued Chiron, seeking to invalidate the patent, have himself included as a coinventor, and receive damages and royalty income.
Leta 1994 je Bradley tožil Chiron in zahteval razveljavitev patenta, priznanje kot soodkritelja in odškodnino ter dohodke iz avtorskih pravic.
In Canada the cost of a course of antiviral treatment is as high as 30,000 CAD in 2003, while the United States costs are between 9,200 and 17,600 in 1998 USD.
V Kanadi so stroški protivirusnega zdravljenja leta 2003 znašali tudi do 30.000 CAD, v ZDA pa med 9.200 in 17.600 USD.
After TB was determined to be contagious, in the 1880s, it was put on a notifiable-disease list in Britain; campaigns started to stop people from spitting in public places, and the infected poor were "encouraged" to enter sanatoria that resembled prisons (the sanatoria for the middle and upper classes offered excellent care and constant medical attention).
Začeli so s kampanjami,da ljudje nehajo pljuvati na javnih mestih,  okužene revne ljudi pa so "vzpodbujali", da gredo v zaporom podobne sanatorije (v zdraviliščih za srednji in višji razred so bolniki dobivali odlično nego in stalno zdravniško pomoč).
This severe form of TB disease, most common in young children and those with HIV, is called miliary tuberculosis.
Ta huda oblika tuberkuloze se imenuje miliarna tuberkuloza in je najbolj pogosta pri majhnih otrocih in pri osebah s HIV.
Part of this cell response is brought on by inflammatory mediators such as chemotactic factors.
Odziv celic je delno posledica vnetnih mediatorjev, kot so  kemotaktični dejavniki.
In severe cases, the drastic reduction in lung function due to the stiffening of the lungs and reduced TLC may induce right-sided heart failure (cor pulmonale).
V najhujših primerih lahko drastično zmanjšanje delovanja pljuč zaradi njihove otrdelosti in zmanjšane skupne kapacitete pljuč povzroči desnostransko srčno popuščanje.
The mainstay of treatment is large quantities of intravenous fluids.
Glavni način zdravljenja je intravensko dajanje velikih količin tekočine.
This hematogenous transmission can also spread infection to more distant sites, such as peripheral lymph nodes, the kidneys, the brain, and the bones.
Ta prenos preko krvi lahko povzroči širjenje okužbe na bolj oddaljene točke, kot so periferne bezgavke, ledvice, možgani in kosti.
In severe COPD, vigorous coughing may lead to rib fractures or to a brief loss of consciousness.
Pretiran kašelj lahko povzroči zlom reber ali kratkotrajno izgubo zavesti.
Using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) the test can be done on respiratory samples obtained by various methods, including a nasopharyngeal swab or sputum sample.
Z verižno reakcijo s polimerazo za reverzno transkripcijo v realnem času (rRT-PCR) se lahko test opravi na dihalnih vzorcih dihal, dobljenih na različne načine, tako z nazofaringealnim brisom ali iz vzorca izpljunka.
For sexually transmitted infections (STIs), high levels of immunity in one sex induces herd immunity for both sexes.
Pri spolno prenosljivih boleznih (SPB) lahko visoka stopnja imunosti pri posameznikih enega spola zagotovi čredno imunost, ki zaščiti tudi drugi spol.
In one incident, a person who vomited spread infection across a restaurant, suggesting that many unexplained cases of food poisoning may have their source in vomit.
Znan je primer, ko je bolnica, ki je bruhala v restavraciji, okužila številne goste in prvotno so domnevali, da je bolezen teh gostov povzročila okužena hrana.
A number of targets they set were not achieved by 2015, mostly due to the increase in HIV-associated tuberculosis and the emergence of multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis.
Cilja za leto 2015 verjetno ne bo mogoče doseči, predvsem zaradi porasta v primerih s HIV povezane tuberkuloze in zaradi pojava tuberkuloze, odporne proti več zdravilom (»multiple drug-resistant«, skrajšano MDR-TB).
According to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, the genus Norovirus has one species, which is called Norwalk virus.
Po Mednarodnem komiteju za taksonomijo virusov spada v rod norovirusov le ena vrsta, in sicer virusi Norwalk.
These potential new treatments have come about due to a better understanding of the hepatitis C virus.
Do teh kandidatov za nova zdravila je prišlo zaradi vse boljšega poznavanja virusa hepatitisa.
Hong Kong has set up a scheme where suspected patients can stay home, "[the] emergency department will give a specimen tube to the patient", they spit into it, send it back and get a test result a while after.
Hong Kong je vzpostavil shemo, po kateri lahko osumljeni bolniki ostanejo doma, "urgentni oddelek bo pacientu dal cevko za vzorec", bolnik pljune vanjo in jo pošlje nazaj, čez nekaj časa dobi rezultat testa.
Some people may benefit from long-term oxygen therapy or lung transplantation.
Za nekatere ljudi je rešitev dolgoročna terapija s kisikom ali pa presaditev pljuč.
Koch did not believe the cattle and human tuberculosis diseases were similar, which delayed the recognition of infected milk as a source of infection.
Koch ni verjel, da bi si goveja in človeška oblika tuberkuloze bili podobni, tako da so okuženo mleko kot vir okužbe prepoznali šele kasneje.
Advanced COPD leads to high pressure on the lung arteries, which strains the right ventricle of the heart.
V poznem stadiju KOPB vodi do visokega tlaka v pljučnih arterijah, ki obremenjuje desni prekat srca.
In Canada and Australia, tuberculosis is many times more common among the aboriginal peoples, especially in remote areas.
V Kanadi in Avstraliji je tuberkuloza veliko bolj pogosta med staroselci, zlasti v oddaljenih območjih.
Norovirus results in about 685 million cases of disease and 200,000 deaths globally a year.
Norovirusi vsako leto okužijo v svetu okoli 267 milijona ljudi in povzročijo okoli 200.000 smrti.
One approach involves adding a subunit vaccine to BCG, while the other strategy is attempting to create new and better live vaccines.
Pri enem se BCG dodaja cepivo za podenoto, pri drugi strategiji pa se skuša razviti nova in boljša živa cepiva.
PMID 11205849.
PMID 11005523.
Application of a vaginal gel containing tenofovir (a reverse transcriptase inhibitor) immediately before sex seems to reduce infection rates by approximately 40% among African women.
Za vaginalni gel s tenofovirjem, zaviralcem reverzne transkriptaze, ob uporabi neposredno pred spolnim odnosom podatki na afriških ženskah kažejo na zmanjšanje tveganja za okužbo za okoli 40 %.
Once a certain threshold has been reached, herd immunity gradually eliminates a disease from a population.
Če se v populaciji doseže določen prag imunosti, se s pomočjo čredne imunosti lahko določena bolezem sčasoma odpravi.
He died there of septic shock only 14 days later, possibly as the result of being severely beaten by guards.
Umrl je dva tedna kasneje zaradi sepse, verjetno kot posledica grobega ravnanja paznikov.
Asbestosis is the scarring of lung tissue (beginning around terminal bronchioles and alveolar ducts and extending into the alveolar walls) resulting from the inhalation of asbestos fibers.
Azbestoza je brazgotinjenje pljučnega tkiva (okoli bronhiolov in alveolarnih kanalov), ki so posledica vdihavanja azbestnih vlaken.
Notable extrapulmonary infection sites include the pleura (in tuberculous pleurisy), the central nervous system (in tuberculous meningitis), the lymphatic system (in scrofula of the neck), the genitourinary system (in urogenital tuberculosis), and the bones and joints (in Pott disease of the spine), among others.
Do zunajpljučne okužbe pogosto pride na poprsnici (tuberkulozni plevritis), osrednjem živčevju (tuberkulozni meningitis), limfnem sistemu (skrofula vratu), sečilih (urogenitalna tuberkuloza) ter okostju in sklepih (Pottova bolezen hrbtenjače).
Some models, such as the START model may be algorithm-based.
Nekateri modeli, kot START model, pa temeljijo na algoritmu.
The term "chronic bronchitis" came into use in 1808 while the term "COPD" is believed to have first been used in 1965.
Izraz kronični bronhitis so začeli uporabljati leta 1808, medtem ko so izraz KOPB verjetno prvič uporabili leta 1965.
India had the highest total number of TB cases worldwide in 2010, in part due to poor disease management within the private and public health care sector.
Indija je v letu 2010 imela najvišjo skupno število primerov tuberkuloze po svetu, delno zaradi slabe skrbi za bolezen v zasebnem in javnem zdravstvenem sektorju.
The immunization was called vaccination because it was derived from a virus affecting cows (Latin: vacca 'cow').
Izraz »vakcinacija« izvira prav iz Jennerjevega odkritja oz. iz latinske besede vacca za kravo.
This is expected to more than double by the year 2030.
Pričakovati je, da se bo ta številka v naslednjih 20 letih najmanj podvojila.
The virus persists in the liver in about 75% to 85% of those initially infected.
Virus vztraja v jetrih pri okoli 85 % okuženih oseb.
These conditions include ischemic heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, muscle wasting, osteoporosis, lung cancer, anxiety disorder, sexual dysfunction, and depression.
To so med drugim: ishemične bolezni srca, visok krvni tlak, diabetes mellitus, oslabitve mišic, osteoporoza, pljučni rak, anksiozna motnja in depresija.
In drive-through testing for COVID‑19 for suspected cases, a healthcare professional takes sample using appropriate precautions.
Pri testiranju na COVID-19 s testirano osebo v avtomobilu, zdravstveni delavec skozi odprto okno  vzame vzorec z ustreznimi varnostnimi ukrepi.
They are also associated with increased risk of heart disease and stroke.
Povezani so tudi s povečanim tveganjem za bolezni srca in za možgansko kap.
Bacillus anthracis is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacterium about 1 by 9 μm in size.
Bacillus anthracis je grampozitivna aerobna bakterija paličaste oblike dolžine od 1-9 μm, ki je široko prisotna na kopnem po celotnem svetu in lahko tvori spore.
South Africa has the largest population of people with HIV of any country in the world at 5.9 million.
Južna Afrika je država z največjim številom okuženih prebivalcev (leta 2010 jih je bilo 5,9 milijona).
Born on 18 January 1979, in the Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Varadkar is the third child and only son of Ashok and Miriam (née Howell) Varadkar.
Rodil se je v Dublinu kot tretji otrok Ashoka in Mirjam Varadkar.
However, whether tuberculosis originated in bovines, then transferred to humans, or whether both bovine and human tuberculosis  diverged from a common ancestor, remains unclear.
Zaenkrat pa ni jasno, ali ima tuberkuloza izvor pri govedu, s kasnejšim prenosom na ljudi, ali pa gre za skupnega prednika.
Noroviruses from genogroup II, genotype 4 (abbreviated as GII.4) account for the majority of adult outbreaks of gastroenteritis and often sweep across the globe.
Norovirus, ki med odraslimi povzroči največ izbruhov gastroenteritisa, spada v genetsko skupino II in genotip 4 (okrajšano GII.4) ter se pojavlja po vsem svetu.
Smoking bans in public areas and places of work are important measures to decrease exposure to secondhand smoke, and while many places have instituted bans, more are recommended.
Prepoved kajenja na javnih mestih in delovnih mestih so pomembni ukrepi, ki zmanjšujejo izpostavljenost pasivnemu kajenju in čeprav prepoved že mnogo kje velja, bi jo bilo vredno še razširiti.
Microorganisms do not develop resistance to vaccines because a vaccine enhances the body's immune system, whereas an antibiotic operates separately from the body's normal defenses.
Cepiva z odpornostjo nimajo problema, saj jačajo lastno sposobnost telesa; antibiotik deluje neodvisno od lastne obrambe mehanizma.
The number of deaths is projected to increase further because of higher smoking rates in the developing world, and an ageing population in many countries.
Število smrtnih žrtev naj bi se v številnih državah zaradi višjih stopenj kajenja in staranja prebivalstva povečalo.
Hopes of completely eliminating TB ended with the rise of drug-resistant strains in the 1980s.
Upanje, da se tuberkulozo popolnoma odpravi (gl koze), se je v osemdesetih letih razblinilo s pojavom proti zdravilom odpornih sevov.
Tattoos or piercings performed either before the mid-1980s, "underground," or nonprofessionally are of particular concern, since sterile techniques in such settings may be lacking.
Tetoviranja ali pirsingi, ki se opravljajo neprofesionalno, so posebno vprašljivi, ker so tehnike sterilizacije v takih razmerah pomanjkljive.
The administration of vaccines is called vaccination.
Proces razširjanja in uporabe cepiv imenujemo cepljenje.
Leo Eric Varadkar ( və-RAD-kər; born 18 January 1979) is an Irish Fine Gael politician and physician.
Leo Eric Varadkar, irski politik in zdravnik, * 18. januar 1979, Dublin.