natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Lipnick R. L., Cotruvo, J.A., Hill R. N., Bruce R. D., Stitzel K. A., Walker A. P., Chu I.; Goddard M., Segal L., Springer J. A. and Myers R. C. (1995) Comparison of the Up-and Down, Conventional LD50, and Fixed Dose Acute Toxicity Procedures. Fd.
Lipnick R L, Cotruvo, J A, Hill R N, Bruce R D, Stitzel K A, Walker A P, Chu I; Goddard M, Segal L, Springer J A and Myers R C (1995) Comparison of the Up-and Down, Conventional LD50, and Fixed Dose Acute Toxicity Procedures.
Food Chem.
Evaluation of Eye Irritation Potential: Statistical Analysis and Tier Testing Strategies.
Phys. Chem.
Phys.
Any water in which the test species shows suitable long-term survival and growth may be used as a test water. It should be of constant quality during the period of the test.
Použiteľná voda na test je každá voda, v ktorej testovaný druh vykazuje vhodné dlhotrvajúce prežívanie a rast.
Before preparing the mixture the substance is dried at 105 oC, until constant weight is obtained. If the decomposition temperature of the substance to be tested is below 105 oC, the substance has to be dried at a suitable lower temperature.
Ak je teplota rozkladu látky určenej na testovanie nižšia ako 105 oC, látka sa musí sušiť pri vhodnej nižšej teplote.
Report.
Part I revised.
Pomona College, Medicinal Chemistry Project, Claremont, California 91711, USA, Log P Database and Med. Chem.
Pomona College, Medicinal Chemistry Project, Claremont, California 91711, USA, Log P Database and Med.
Individual slide and animal data should be provided. Additionally, all data should be summarised in tabular form.
Uvádzajú sa údaje za každé zviera a sklíčko. údaje o jednotlivých zvieratách sa uvádzajú v tabuľkovej forme.
General specifications of the bridge are 1-3 Volt operating voltage, a sinus or rectangular shaped alternating current of 50 – 1000 Hz, and a measuring range of at least 0,1 – 30 kΩ. The databridge used in the validation study measureds inductance, capacitance and resistance up to values of 2000 H, 2000 μF, and 2 MΩ, respectively at frequencies of 100 Hz or 1 kHz, using series or parallel values.
Všeobecné špecifikácie tohto mostíka: prevádzkové napätie 1 – 3 volty, sínusový alebo pravouhlý tvar kmitov striedavého prúdu s frekvenciou 50 – 1000 Hz a rozsah merania najmenej 0,1 – 30 k Merací mostík použitý vo validačnej štúdii meria induktanciu, kapacitanciu a odpor až do hodnôt 2000 H, 2000 μF, a 2 MΩ pri frekvenciách 100 Hz alebo 1 kHz, s použitím sériových alebo paralelných hodnôt.
dermis of skin disc rubber 'O' ring
gumený tesniaci krúžok
Evaluation of selected lipid methods for normalising pollutant bioaccumulation.
Evaluation of selected methods for normalising pollutant bioaccumulation.
Econ.
Jour.
Karickhoff (1981) (72)
Karickhoff(1981)(72)
When the method is not practical or not possible, the solution/extraction behaviour may be investigated by means of other methods. In such cases, full details and justification should be given for the method used.
V prípadoch, v ktorých nie je metóda praktická alebo uskutočniteľná, možno extrakčné vlastnosti polymérov stanovovať inými metódami, ktoré je potrebné podrobne opísať a ich použitie odôvodniť.
Functional observations conducted in the fourth exposure week may be omitted when the study is conducted as a preliminary study to a subsequent subchronic (90-day) study. In that case, the functional observations should be included in this follow-up study.
Funkčné pozorovania vo štvrtom týždni expozície sa nemusia uskutočniť, ak je štúdia uskutočňovaná ako predbežná štúdia subchronickej štúdie (90 dní).V tomto prípade sa funkčné pozorovania uskutočnia v nasledujúcej štúdii.
The clinical condition of the animals should be recorded. At least twice daily, usually at the beginning and end of each day, all animals should be inspected for signs of morbidity and mortality.
Klinické podmienky zvierat musia byť zaznamenané najmenej dvakrát denne, obvykle na začiatku a konci dňa sú zvieratá podrobené kontrole patologických zmien a úmrtnosti.
mg/l
(mg/liter %
Brachydanio rerio
Bracydanio rerio
Selection of an appropriate ratio can then be made based on a plot of soil/solution ratio versus Kd for fixed percentages of adsorption (Fig.1). In this plot it is assumed that the adsorption equation is linear.
Výber vhodného pomeru sa uskutoční na základe záznamu vhodného pomeru pôdy a roztoku verzus hodnota Kd pre fixne stanovené adsorpčné percentá (obr. 1).
No additives such as ion pair reagents may be used because they can affect the sorption properties of the stationary phase. Such changes of the stationary phase may be irreversible.
Nemôžu byť používané žiadne aditíva, pretože môžu ovplyvniť sorpčné vlastnosti stacionárnej fázy, takže zmeny stacionárnej fázy môžu byť ireverzibilné.
The capacity factors k' are calculated from the dead time to and retention times tR of the selected reference substances according to equation 4 (see Section 1.2). The log k' data of the reference substances are then plotted against their log Koc values from batch equilibrium experiments given in Tables 1 and 3 of the Appendix.
Kapacitné faktory k' sú vypočítané z mŕtveho času to a retenčných časov tR vybraných referenčných látok podľa rovnice 4/pozri odsek 12/. log k' údaje referenčných látok sú uvedené oproti ich log Koc hodnotám na sériu rovnovážnych pokusov/experimentov/daných v tabuľke 1 a 3 v dodatku.
ISO 1183 (A)
ISO 1183 (A),
ASTM-D
ASTMD
NFT
NF T
σ coefficient of tangential momentum transfer (ε = 1 for an ideal spherical surface of the ball) t time
t koeficient tangenciálneho prenosu hybnosti (ε = 1 pre ideálnu guľovú plochu guľôčky)
v(o) initial rotational speed This equation may also be written:
Túto rovnicu možno napísať aj v tejto forme:
Lyman, W.F. Reehl, D.H. Rosenblatt.
Lyman, W.
100 to 50 50 to 10 10 to 1 < 1 After each addition of the indicated amount of water, the mixture is shaken vigorously for 10 minutes and is visually checked for any undissolved parts of the sample. If, after addition of 10 ml of water, the sample or parts of it remain undissolved, the experiment has to be repeated in a 100 ml measuring cylinder with larger volumes of water.
Ak po pridaní 10 ml vody testovaná vzorka alebo jej časti zostanú nerozpustené, pokus sa musí zopakovať v 100 ml odmernom valci s väčším objemom vody.
(Connection for ground glass joint) Headspace
Voľný priestor (medzi náplňou a vrchnou časťou kolóny)
Connection for ground glass joint Headspace
Voľný priestor (medzi náplňou a vrchnou časťou kolóny)
Chem. -Chill.
Chem.-Chim.
Fujita, J. Iwasa and C. Hansch, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1964, vol. 86, p. 5175.
Fujita, J. Iwasa and C. Hansch, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1964, vol. 86, 5175.
≥6,0 cm3
≥ 6,0 cm3
manufacturer of the sample, characteristic values of the standards Mp, Mn, Mw, Mw/Mn, as provided by the manufacturer or derived by subsequent measurements, together with details about the method of determination,
výrobcu vzorky, charakteristické hodnoty štandardov, t. j. Mp, Mn, Mw a Mw/Mn, tak ako ich uvádza výrobca alebo ako boli odvodené z následných meraní, ako aj podrobnosti o metóde stanovenia,
8 Perform initial in vivo rabbit eye test using one animal Severe damage to eyes
8 Vykonajte počiatočný in vivo test na očiach na králikoch s použitím jedného zvieraťa Závažne poškodenie oči Látka sa posudzuje ako žieravá pre oči.
Consider corrosive to eyes. No further testing is needed.
Nie je potrebné ďalžíe testovanie.
Consider corrosive or irritating to eyes. No further testing is needed
Nie je potrebné ďalšie testovanie.
Not corrosive or irritating Consider non-irritating and non-corrosive to eyes.
Nežieravá alebo nedráždivá Látka sa posudzuje ako nedráždivá alebo nežieravá pre oči.
A filter paper (2 × 4 cm) is fully-loaded with test substance in a suitable vehicle and applied to the test area and held in contact by an occlusive dressing for 48 hours. The choice of the vehicle should be justified. Solids are finely pulverised and incorporated in a suitable vehicle. Liquids can be applied undiluted, if appropriate.
Filtračný papier (2 × 4 cm) zmáčaný testovanou látkou vo vhodnom nosiči sa priloží na testovaný povrch a počas 48 hodín sa udržuje s ním v kontakte pomocou nepriepustného obväzu alebo nepriepustného obalu.
It is also recommended that food consumption is measured weekly. Regular observation of the animals is necessary to ensure that animals are not lost from the study due to causes such as cannibalism, autolysis of tissues or misplacement.
Pravidelné pozorovanie zvierat je potrebné, aby sa dalo čo najlepšie zabezpečiť, aby zvieratá neuhynuli počas testu na kanibalizmus, autolýzu tkanív alebo chybu pri premiestňovaní.
An increase in endoreduplication may indicate that the test substance has the potential to inhibit cell cycle progression (7)(8). A test substance for which the results do not meet the above criteria is considered non-mutagenic in this test.
Nárast endoreduplikácie môže naznačovať, že testovacia látka má potenciál brzdiť priebeh bunkového cyklu (7) (8).
Adler, I.D., (1984) Cytogenetic Tests in Mammals. In: Mutagenicity Testing: a Practical Approach. S. Venitt and J.M. Parry (Eds). IRL Press, Oxford, Washington D.C., p. 275-306.
Adler, I. D. (1984), Cytogenetic Tests In Mammals, in: Mutagenicity Testing: a Practical Approach, S. Venitt a J. M. Parry (eds), IRL Press, Oxford, Washington D. C, s. 275 – 306.
Richold, M., Chandley, A., Ashby, J., Gatehouse, D.G., Bootman, J. and Henderson, L., (1990) In Vivo Cytogenetic Assays. In: D.J. Kirkland (Ed.) Basic Mutagenicity Tests, UKEMS Recommended Procedures. UKEMS Sub-Committee on Guidelines for Mutagenicity Testing. Report. Part I revised. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, Port Chester, Melbourne, Sydney, p. 115-141.
Richold, M., Chandley, A., Ashby, J., Gatehouse, D. G., Bootman, J. a Henderson, L. (1990), In vivo Cytogenetic Assays, in: D. J. Kirkland (ed.), Basic Mutagenicity Tests, UKEMS Recommended Procedures, UKEMS Sub-Committee on Guidelines for Mutagenicity Testing, Report, Part I revised, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, new York, Port Chester, Melbourne, Sydney, s. 115 – 141.
Lovell, D.P., Anderson, D., Albanese, R., Amphlett, G.E., Clare, G., Ferguson, R., Richold, M., Papworth, D.G. and Savage, J.R.K. (1989). Statistical Analysis of In Vivo Cytogenetic Assays. In: UKEMS Sub-Committee on Guidelines for Mutagenicity Testing. Report Part III. Statistical Evaluation of Mutagenicity Test Data. D.J. Kirkland, (Ed.) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. p. 184-232.
Lovell, D. P., Anderson, D., Albanese, R, Amphlett, G. E., Clare, G., Ferguson, R, Richold, M., Papworth, D. G. a Savage, J. R. K. (1989), Statistical Analysis of in vivo Cytogenetic Assays, in: UKEMS Sub-Committee on Guidelines for Mutagenicity Testing, Report Part III, Statistical Evaluation of Mutagenicity Test Data, D. J. Kirkland (ed), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, s. 184 – 232.
The Collaborative Study Group for the Micronucleus Test (CSGMT/JEMMS. MMS: The Mammalian Mutagenesis Study Group of the Environmental Mutagen Society of Japan), (1995) Protocol recommended for the short-term mouse peripheral blood micronucleus test. Mutagenesis, 10, p. 153-159.
The Collaborative Study Group for the Micronucleus Test (CSGMT/JEMMS, MMS: The Mammalian Mutagenesis Study Group of the Environmental Mutagen Society of Japan) (1995), Protocol Recommended for the Short-term Mouse Peripheral Blood Micronucleus test, Mutagenesis, 10, s. 53 – 159.
Richold, M., Ashby, J., Bootman, J., Chandley, A., Gatehouse, D.G. and Henderson, L., (1990) In Vivo Cytogenetics Assay. In: D.J. Kirkland (Ed.) Basic Mutagenicity tests. UKEMS Recommended Procedures. UKEMS Sub-Committee on Guidelines for Mutagenicity Testing. Report, Part I, revised.
Richold, M., Ashby, J., Chandley, A., Gatehouse, D. G, Bootman, J. a Henderson, L. (1990), In vivo Cytogenetic Assays, in: D. J. Kirkland (ed.), Basic Mutagenicity Tests, UKEMS Recommended Procedures, UKEMS Sub-Committee on Guidelines for Mutagenicity Testing.
Kier, L.D., Brusick D.J., Auletta, A.E., Von Halle, E.S., Brown, M.M., Simmon, V.F., Dunkel, V., McCann, J., Mortelmans, K., Prival, M., Rao, T.K. and Ray V., (1986) The Salmonella typhimurium/Mammalian Microsomal Assay: A Report of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Gene-Tox Program. Mutation Res., 168, p. 69-240.
Kier, L. D., Brusick, D. J., Auletta, A. E., Von Halle, E. S., Brown, M. M., Simmon, V. F., Dunkel, V., McCann, J., Mortelmans, K., Príval, M., Rao, T. K. a Ray, V. (1986), The Salmonella typhimurium/Mammalian Microsomal Assay: A Report of the US Environmental Protection Agency Gene-Tox Program, Mutation Res., 168, s. 69 – 240.
Simmon, V., Kauhanen, K. and Tardiff, R.G., (1977) Mutagenic Activity of Chemicals Identified in Drinking Water. In Progress in Genetic Toxicology, D. Scott, B. Bridges and F. Sobels (Eds.) Elsevier, Amsterdam, p. 249-258.
Simmon, V., Kauhanen, K. a Tardiff, R. G (1977), Mutagenic Activity of Chemicals Identified in Drinking Water, in: Progress in Genetic Toxicology, D. Scott, B. Bridges a F. Soebels (eds), Elsevier, Amsterdam, s. 249 – 258.
At least 500 male F1 progeny should be tested per dose group. If female F1 progeny are included, 300 males and 300 females are required.
Pre jednu dávkovú skupinu by sa malo testovať aspoň 500 samčích F1 potomkov, 300 samcov a 300 samičiek sa požaduje v prípade, že sa zahŕňa samičie F1 potomstvo.
Individual data should be provided. Additionally, all data should be summarised in tabular form showing for each test group the number of animals at the start of the test, the number of animals found dead during the test or killed for humane reasons and the time of any death or humane kill, the number showing signs of toxicity, a description of the signs of toxicity observed, including time of onset, duration, and severity of any toxic effects, the number of animals showing lesions, the type of lesions and the percentage of animals displaying each type of lesion.
Po získaní jednotlivých údajov sa tieto zosumarizujú v tabuľkovej forme, vykazujúcej pre každú testovanú skupinu počet zvierat na začiatku testu, počet nájdených mŕtvych zvierat počas testu alebo usmrtených z humanitných dôvodov a čas smrti alebo čas usmrtenia z humanitných dôvodov, počet vykázaných znakov toxicity, opis zistených znakov toxicity, zahrňujúcich čas vzniku, trvanie sily toxických účinkov, počet zvierat vykazujúcich lézie (poškodenia), typ lézií a percento zvierat vykazujúcich každý typ lézie.
The experimental animals should be observed daily for signs of toxicity. The time of death and the time at which signs of toxicity appear and disappear should be recorded.
Zvieratá sa pozorujú denne a zaznamenávajú sa prejavy toxicity, včítane času úmrtia a času, v ktorom sa objavili a znova odzneli toxické účinky.
, adrenals [7] These organs, from 10 animals per sex per groups for rodents, should be weighed. , oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, colon, rectum, urinary bladder, lymph nodes, pancreas, gonads [7] These organs, from 10 animals per sex per groups for rodents, should be weighed.
, pažerák, žalúdok, dvanástorník (duodenum), bedrovník (jejunum), lačník (ileum), slepé črevo, hrubé črevo, konečník, maternica, močový mechúr, lymfatické uzliny, pankreas, gonády [7] Tieto orgány od desiatich zvierat z jedného pohlavia a skupiny hlodavcov a všetkých nehlodavcov by mali byť odvážené.
For each test group, mean and statistical variations of measurements in relation to time, dosage, tissues and organs should be shown when appropriate. The extent of absorption and the amount and rates of excretion should be determined by appropriate methods.
Pre každú testovanú skupinu, ak je to vhodné, by mala byť určená priemerná hodnota a smerodajná odchýlka v závislosti od času, dávky, tkaniva a orgánu.
The animals are observed at least daily for behavioural abnormalities, ataxia and paralysis until 14 days after the last dose. Biochemical measurements, in particular neuropathy target esterase inhibition (NTE), are undertaken, on hens randomly selected from each group, normally 24 and 48 hours after the last dose.
Zvieratá sa pozorujú prinajmenšom denne a sledujú sa abnormality správania, ataxia a paralýza až do 14 dní po poslednej dávke: Biochemické merania a najmä inhibícia neuropatiou postihnutej esterázy (NTE) sa vykonávajú na náhodne vybraných sliepkach každej skupiny, bežne 24 a 48 hodín po podaní látky.
Moribund animals in severe distress or pain should be removed when noticed, humanely killed and necropsied. Body weight
Umierajúce zvieratá a zvieratá viditeľne trpiace alebo viditeľne pociťujúce bolesť sa odstránia, humánne usmrtia a prevedie sa ich pitva.
Liver cell are prepared from treated animals normally 12-16 hours after dosing. An additional earlier sampling time (normally two to four hours post-treatment) is generally necessary unless there is a clear positive response at 12-16 hours.
Vo všeobecnosti je potrebný aj ďalší odber vzorky (zvyčajne po dvoch až štyroch hodinách od podania dávky), pokiaľ neexistuje jasná pozitívna reakcia po 12 až 16 hodinách.
For rat TER, a cut-off value of 5 kΏ has been selected based on extensive data for a wide range of chemicals where the vast majority of values were either clearly well above (often > 10 kΩ), or well below (often < 3 kΩ) this value (12). Generally, materials which are non-corrosive in animals but are irritating or non-irritating do not reduce the TER below this cut-off value. Furthermore, use of other skin preparations or other equipment may alter the cut-off value, necessitating further validation.
Do testovacieho postupu je na potvrdenie pozitívnych výsledkov vrátane hodnôt TER okolo 5 kΩ zaradený krok na stanovenie viazania farbiva.
A dye-binding step is incorporated into the test procedure for confirmation testing of positive results in the TER including values around 5 kΩ. The dye-binding step determines if the increase in ionic permeability is due to physical destruction of the stratum corneum.
Týmto krokom viazania farbiva sa stanovuje, či zvýšenie priepustnosti iónov je v dôsledku fyzického porušenia rohovitej vrstvy (stratum corneum).
Following this, a formal, validation study of in vitro methods for assessing skin corrosion (4)(5) was conducted (6)(7)(8). The outcome of these studies and other published literature (9) led to the recommendation that the following tests could be used for the assessment of the in vivo skin corrosivity (10)(11)12)(13): the human skin model test (this method) and the transcutaneous electrical resistance test (see testing method B.40).
Po nich sa vykonala riadna validačná štúdia metód in vitro (6), (7), (8) na posúdenie poleptania kože (4), (5).
The application method should be appropriate for the test substance (see e.g. reference 5). At the end of the exposure period, the test material must be carefully washed from the skin surface with an appropriate buffer, or0,9 % NaCl. Concurrent positive and negative controls should be used for each study to ensure adequate performance of the experimental model. The suggested positive control substances are glacial acetic acid or 8N KOH.
Metóda aplikácie by mala byť pre testovanú látku vhodná (pozri napr. odkaz 5).
Biol. Systems 3, p. 127-138.
Biol. Systems 3, 127 – 138.
Successive strips of tape are applied until the tape no longer adheres to the skin surface, when all of the stratum corneum has been removed. For each animal, all the tape strips may be combined in a single container to which a tissue digestant is added to solubilise the stratum corneum.
Postupne sa aplikujú ďalšie prúžky pásky, až kým sa už páska nelepí na povrch kože a celá vrstva stratum corneum je odstránená Pre každé zviera možno všetky prúžky pásky vložiť spolu do jedného zásobníka, do ktorého sa pridá činidlo na rozpad tkanív, ktorým sa rozpustí stratum corneum.
test concentration: At least five concentrations differing by a constant factor not exceeding 2,2 and as far as possible spanning the range of 0 to 100 % mortality, water: see 1.6.1.2, light: 12 to 16 hours illumination daily, temperature: appropriate to the species (Appendix 2) but within ± 1 oC within any particular test, dissolved oxygen concentration: not less than 60 % of the air-saturation value at the selected temperature, feeding: none. The fish are inspected after the first two to four hours and at least at 24-hour intervals. Fish are considered dead if touching of the caudal peduncle produces no reaction, and no breathing movements are visible. Dead fish are removed when observed and mortalities are recorded. Records are kept of visible abnormalities (e.g. loss of equilibrium, changes in swimming behaviour, respiratory function, pigmentation, etc.). Measurements of pH, dissolved oxygen and temperature must be carried out daily. Limit test Using the procedures described in this test method, a limit test may be performed at 100 mg per litre in order to demonstrate that the LC50 is greater than this concentration.
testovaná koncentrácia: aspoň päť koncentrácií líšiacich sa konštantným faktorom nepresahujúcim 2,2 a tak, ako je to možné, zaberajúcich rozsah od 0 % do 100 % úmrtnosti,
If the nature of the substance is such that a concentration of 100 mg per litre in the test water cannot be attained, the limit test should be performed at a concentration equal to the solubility of the substance (or the maximum concentration forming a stable dispersion) in the medium used (see also point 1.6.1.1). The limit test should be performed using seven to 10 fish, with the same number in the control(s).
voda: pozri 1.6.1.2,
(Binomial theory dictates that when 10 fish are used with zero mortality, there is a 99,9 % confidence that the LC50 is greater than the concentration used in the limit test. With 7, 8 or 9 fish, the absence of mortality provides at least 99 % confidence that the LC50 is greater than the concentration used.) If mortalities occur, a full study must be carried out. If sublethal effects are observed, these should be recorded. 2. DATA AND EVALUATION For each period where observations were recorded (24, 48, 72 and 96 hours), plot percentage mortality for each recommended exposure period against concentration on logarithmic-probability paper. When possible and for each observation time, the LC50 and the confidence limits (p = 0,05) should be estimated using standard procedures; these values should be rounded off to one, or at most two significant figures (examples of rounding off to two figures: 170 for 173,5; 0,13 for 0,127; 1,2 for 1,21). In those cases where the slope of the concentration/percentage response curve is too steep to permit calculation of the LC50, a graphical estimate of this value is sufficient.
svetlo: 12 až 16 hodín osvetlenia denne,
When two consecutive concentrations, at a ratio of 2,2 give only 0 and 100 % mortality, these two values are sufficient to indicate the range within which the LC50 falls. If it is observed that the stability or homogeneity of the test substance cannot be maintained, this should be reported and care should be taken in the interpretation of the results. 3. REPORTING The test report shall, if possible, include the following information:
teplota: vhodná pre príslušný druh (pozri dodatok 2), ale len v rozsahu ± 1 oC pre každý jednotlivý test,
information about test fish (scientific name, strain, supplier, any pretreatment, size and number used in each test concentration), dilution-water source and major chemical characteristics (pH, hardness, temperature), in the case of a substance of low aqueous solubility, the method of preparation of stock and test solutions, concentration of any auxiliary substances,
koncentrácia rozpusteného kyslíka: nie menej ako 60 % hodnoty nasýtenia vzdušným kyslíkom pri danej teplote,
list of the concentrations used and any available information on the stability at the concentrations of the tested chemical in the test solution, if chemical analyses are performed, methods used and results obtained, results of the limit test if conducted, reasons for the choice and details of the test procedure used (e.g. static, semi-static, dosing rate, flow-through rate, whether aerated, fish loading, etc.), description of test equipment, lighting regime,
kŕmenie: žiadne.