natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
In summary, the role of many NGOs can be to check, monitor and criticise the actions of govern-ments and private bodies, to supplement and complement the role of government in combating discrimination and to assist individuals and groups to assert their rights.
Recomandare: va fi una din sarcinile cele mai importante ale CNCD sｭ propunｭ mｭsuri concrete de aliniere a legislaﾞiei ﾙi practicilor din Roménia la cerinﾞele Directivei 78/2000 ﾙi ale ôntregului
† alternative dispute resolution including mediation;
Schimbarea sarcinii probei nu se aplicｭ ôn procedurile penale.
† campaigning, advocating changes in practice (as distinct from policy or law).
El nu trebuie ônsｭ sｭ dovedeascｭ absenﾞa justificｭrii obiective, a proporﾞionalitｭﾞii ori existenﾞa intenﾞiei discriminatorii.
Combating discrimination › A training manual
Tot o inversare a sarcinii probei existｭ, ﾙi tot cu caracter general, ﾙi ôn materie de muncｭ.
What does a NGO need to fulfil its role?
CNCD intrｭ ôn aceastｭ categorie doar parﾞial.
† appropriate national legislation in place regarding its establishment and functioning.
De asemenea, CNCD are atribuﾞii ôn elaborarea ﾙi implementarea de mｭsuri afirmative ﾙi politici publice ôn domeniul combaterii discriminｭrii.
Why are NGOs better placed than other organisations to work towards combating discrimination?
Proceduri administrative ﾙi alte cｭi legale de luptｭ ômpotriva discriminｭrii
† Voluntary organisations play a crucial role in engaging with communities at the local, regional, national and international level.
Ôn conformitate cu Directivele, transpunerea acestora nu trebuie ôn nici un caz sｭ reducｭ nivelul de protecﾞie deja existent ôn legislaﾞia naﾞionalｭ.
† While disaffection with politics grows, engagement in voluntary and community activities is a way for people to contribute to public life by donating their time or money and supporting issues which are of concern to them.
Apｭrarea drepturilor fundamentale trebuie sｭ fie ¶practicｭ ﾙi efectivｭ, nu teoreticｭ ﾙi iluzorie•, aﾙa cum a statuat Curtea Europeanｭ a Drepturilor Omului ﾙi Curtea Europeanｭ de Justiﾞie.
† Voluntary organisations have increasingly become places where people can debate and engage in issues that affect them, and where they feel they can advocate for change.
Avénd ôn vedere legislaﾞia ﾙi mecanismele instituﾞionale din Roménia, se poate spune cｭ sistemul juridic nu este ôntemeiat pe mediere ﾙi conciliere.
† Complex rules surrounding the requirements that NGOs must meet in order to be registered.
Nu existｭ o definiﾞie juridicｭ a medierii ﾙi nici a concilierii.
NGOs seeking registration should make sure they have a detailed familiarity with these rules and have taken the correct steps and obtained the documents required for compliance.
Nu existｭ nici o abordare juridicｭ a cali-tｭﾞii ﾙi competenﾞelor organelor care ar putea juca rolul de mediator.
The role of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in combating discrimination
Discriminarea ôn contextul naﾞional
† Prohibition on organisations carrying out certain activities if not registered.
Legea care introduce chestiunea medierii este Legea 202/2002, privind egalitatea de ﾙanse ôntre femei ﾙi bｭrbaﾞi. Art. 33 prevede:
† Perception of affiliation to government or a political party threatening acceptance as an impar-tial advocate of issues.
s ce ônseamnｭ medierea ﾙi ôn ce interval de timp trebuie ea sｭ se realizeze?
NGOs should ensure that they understand the importance of good organisational and financial management.
s ce ônseamnｭ ¶rezolvarea situaﾞiei la locul de muncｭ•?
They must either acquire the services (paid or unpaid) of qualified pro-fessionals or undertake appropriate training (or both).
s ce se ôntémplｭ ôn instituﾞiile ôn care nu existｭ sindicate ﾙi nici nu sunt constituite structuri ale reprezentanﾞilor salariaﾞilor?
† Lack of funding and limited resources, lack of information and guidance on accessing available national, EU and international funds.
Noul Cod al muncii, intrat ôn vigoare ôn martie 2003 nu prevede nimic ôn materia medierii.
For example, a considerable obstacle to the health and sustainability of the NGO sector in Japan is the fact that previously, Japan had not granted tax-deductible status to most of its non-profit-making organisations.
De datｭ mai recentｭ, Consiliul Naﾞional pentru Combaterea Discriminｭrii, ôn absenﾞa unui text legal ôn acest sens, a ônceput sｭ aibｭ activitｭﾞi de mediere.
The US experience on the other hand, has shown that tax benefits for non-profit-making organisations help stimulate contributions from the public and promotes private charitable giving from the profit-making sector.
Modul de abordare este foarte important din moment ce medierea trebuie ôntotdeauna fｭcutｭ de un organism total imparﾞial ﾙi care sｭ nu mai aibｭ atribuﾞii ôn rezolvarea acelui caz, iar CNCD este un organ sancﾞionator/de represiune.
The government, profit-making community, and NGOs need to recognise each other as being integral partners, of equal stat-ure, with a distinct and vital role to play in development.
Ôn materia sancﾞiunilor contravenﾞionale, calitatea de agent constatator ﾙi de organ care aplicｭ sanc-ﾞiunile revine membrilor Consiliului Naﾞional pentru Combaterea Discriminｭrii (art. 20 alin. 3).
† Under-utilisation of potential support from the business sector.
Rezultｭ cｭ dispoziﾞiile contravenﾞionale din Ordonanﾞa Guvernului nr.
A growing number of NGOs are now engaging businesses in `partner-ships' aimed at collaboratively addressing key issues.
Pénｭ la intrarea ôn vigoare a hotｭrérii Guvernului ﾙi pénｭ la ônfiinﾞarea efectivｭ a acestuia, respectivele texte au fost literｭ moartｭ.
† Inability to reach some parts of the community due to insensitivity, imposition of externally chosen legal or political aims, cultural or language barriers.
Normele contravenﾞionale de competenﾞｭ din Ordonanﾞa Guvernului nr.
† Poor management or employment practices occur frequently in NGOs and can damage morale and impede the effectiveness of the NGO.
137/2000 sunt detaliate de Hotｭrérea Guvernului nr. 1194/2001.
Examples are lack or absence of an organised infra-structure or hierarchy, and/or in terms of the lack or absence of a management system.
Astfel, calitatea de agent constatator ﾙi de organ care aplicｭ sancﾞiunile revine membrilor colegiului director al CNCD, conform art.
This may be due to a number of factors including minimal funding, resources, time, resistance to taking on the role of employer, continuity of personnel (especially in an organisation where there is a high turnover of enthusiastic volunteers), low staff morale or downright chaos, and results in NGOs not reaching their full efficiency potential.
5 alin. 8. _BAR_inénd cont cｭ aceasta este principala atribuﾞie a membrilor colegiului director, trebuie amintit cｭ aceﾙti agen-ﾞi contravenﾞionali sunt, totuﾙi, persoane numite de primul-ministru ﾙi asimilate, din punct de vedere al salarizｭrii, directorului general de minister (art.
M a t e r i a l s
5 alin.
See, for example, the Council of Europe document, `Fundamental principles on the status of NGOs in Europe', w w w . c offe . i n t / T / E / N G O / p u b l i c / P r i n c F o n d a m % 2 0 e n % 2 0 e n g l . p d f
1), o situaﾞie fｭrｭ precedent ôn dreptul roménesc.
Discrimination in the national context
Discriminarea ôn contextul naﾞional
The information provided was put together by the contractor producing this report in coopera-tion with his national NGO partners, and views expressed do not represent any official view of the European Commission and in particular the Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities.
Judecｭtorul are dreptul ca, soluﾞionénd o cerere de despｭgubiri, sｭ dea propria calificare faptei respective, indiferent de decizia datｭ de CNCD. Aceastｭ soluﾞie este fireascｭ ôn raport cu principiile generale ale statului de drept, ôn care puterea judecｭtoreascｭ este independentｭ, judecｭtorii supunéndu-se doar legii ﾙi conﾙtiinﾞei proprii.
† For the participants to be familiar with the national provisions and procedures which have been/have to be adopted to transpose the directives, and to have verified that the transposi-tion has been/can be properly carried out.
Legea 202/2002 prevede la réndul ei posibilitatea accesului la justiﾞie, atét la instanﾞele de dreptul muncii cét ﾙi la cele de drept comun.
† For the participants to be able to restate the main principles of the directives, and the national implementing provisions, and to have critically assessed the impact the directives and the national implementing provisions have had/will have in their work.
¶(2) Ôn cazul ôn care aceastｭ sesizare/reclamaﾞie nu a fost rezolvatｭ la nivelul unitｭﾞii prin mediere, persoana angajatｭ care justificｭ o lezare a drepturilor sale ôn domeniul muncii, ôn baza prevederilor prezentei legi, are dreptul sｭ introducｭ pléngere cｭtre instanﾞa judecｭtoreascｭ competentｭ, la secﾞiile sau completele specializate pentru conflicte de muncｭ ﾙi litigii de muncｭ ori de asigurｭri sociale ôn a cｭror razｭ teritorialｭ de competenﾞｭ ôﾙi desfｭﾙoarｭ activitatea angajatorul sau fｭptuito-rul ori, dupｭ caz, la instanﾞa de contencios administrativ, dar nu mai térziu de un an de la data sｭvérﾙirii faptei.
† For the participants to become aware of how the international community has seen their coun-try's record in the relevant field, and to understand how to use this information.
(2) persoana angajatｭ care se considerｭ discriminatｭ dupｭ criteriul de sex are dreptul sｭ solicite despｭgubiri materiale ﾙi/sau morale, pre-cum ﾙi/sau ônlｭturarea consecinﾞelor faptelor discriminatorii de la persoana care le-a sｭvérﾙit.•
*** Wherever possible, the participants, not the trainers, should be providing the `answers' to these questions ̌ the trainer is only there to ensure that ̌ at the end of the session ̌ partici-pants are possessed of accurate information.
¶1) Persoana care justificｭ o lezare a drepturilor sale ôn baza prevederilor prezentei legi, ôn alte domenii decét cel al muncii, are dreptul sｭ introducｭ pléngere cｭtre instanﾞa judecｭtoreascｭ com-petentｭ, potrivit dreptului comun.
What is the difference between a regulation and a directive?
(2) Prin pléngerea introdusｭ ôn condiﾞiile prevｭzute la alin.
A regulation is binding upon all Member States.
Trebuie remarcatｭ deficienﾞa formulｭrii din art.
A directive is binding upon each Member State, but it is left to each Member State to implement the directive in national legislation.
34 (1) ¶persoana care justificｭ o lezare a drepturilor sale•.
For objectives laid down in directives to become applicable to indi-vidual citizens, an `act of transposition' by national legislators is required whereby national law is adapted to the objectives laid down in directives.
Ôn mod firesc, introducerea pléngerii la instanﾞｭ trebuie sｭ fie justificatｭ doar de existenﾞa unui interes. Cine se considerｭ victimｭ a discriminｭrii are, evident, un interes.
Individual citizens are given rights and bound by the legal act when the directive has been transposed into national law.
Justificarea lezｭrii drepturilor este o chestiune de probe ôn vederea obﾞinerii despｭgubirilor solicitate.
According to these articles, Member States must lay down the rules on the sanctions that will be applicable and take all necessary measures to ensure their enforce-ment.
¶(3) Alineatele 1 ﾙi 2 nu vor afecta regulile naﾞionale privind termenele ôn care pot fi exercitate acﾞiunile privind principiul egalitｭﾞii de tratament•.
The directives also specify that the sanctions, which may comprise payment of compensation to the victim, must be effective, proportionate and dissuasive.
Ôn privinﾞa medierii, ôn dreptul roménesc nu existｭ termen prevｭzute de lege.
Transposition must be effected within the period laid down in a directive.The directives
2/20014 privind regimul general al contravenﾞiilor, aﾙa cum a fost amendatｭ de Legea nr. 189/20025.
For many years the focus of EU action in the field of non-discrimination was on preventing dis-crimination on the grounds of nationality and sex (i.e. `gender' discrimination).
Ôn conformitate cu art. 13 o sancﾞiune privind contravenﾞia trebuie datｭ ôntr-un termen de 6 luni de la momentul la care fapta a avut loc.
In 1997, however, the Member States approved unanimously the Treaty of Amsterdam.
Totuﾙi, dacｭ fapta a avut o naturｭ continuｭ, termenul de 6 luni va fi luat ôn calcul de la momentul la care fapta a fost cunoscutｭ.
Article 13 of this new Treaty granted the Community new powers to combat discrimination on the grounds of sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation.
Dacｭ o faptｭ anume a fost iniﾞial consideratｭ infracﾞiune ﾙi ulterior s-a decis cｭ este contravenﾞie, sancﾞiunea trebuie aplicatｭ nu mai térziu de un an de la data comiterii faptei. Art.
Council Directive 2000/43/EC implements the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin, and Council Directive 2000/78/EC establishes a gen-eral framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation.
Dacｭ aceastｭ obligaﾞie nu este respectatｭ atunci sancﾞiunea nu poate fi pusｭ ôn aplicare.
The racial equality directive (2000/43/EC):
Mai multe observaﾞii trebuie fｭcute ôn ceea ce priveﾙte termenele.
† Implements the principle of equal treatment between people irrespective of racial or ethnic origin;
Faptul cｭ rela-ﾞia ôn care s-a produs discriminarea a ôncetat nu are relevanﾞｭ.
† Gives protection against discrimination in employment and training, education, social protection (including social security and healthcare), social advantages, membership and involvement in organisations of workers and employers and access to goods and services, including housing;
Asemｭnｭtor, revizuirea actelor administrative de cｭtre instanﾞele de judecatｭ (contenciosul administrativ), dacｭ o discriminare se produce printr-un astfel de act, are propriile sale proceduri.
† Contains definitions of direct and indirect discrimination.
4 Publicatｭ ôn Monitorul Oficial al Roméniei, Partea I, Nr.
Direct discrimination
410 din 25 iunie 2001.
Direct discrimination occurs when a person is treated less favourably than another in a comparable situation because of their racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation.
5 Publicatｭ ôn Monitorul Oficial al Roméniei, Partea I, Nr.
However, in reality, discrimination often takes more subtle forms.
6 Pe baza prevederilor art.
That's why indirect discrimina-tion is also covered.
3 din Decretul 167/1958 privind prescripﾞia extinctivｭ.
An example of indirect discrimination is requiring all people who apply for a certain job to sit for a test in a particular language, even though that language is not necessary for the job.
(2) Ôn toate situaﾞiile, altele decét cele prevｭzute la alin.
The test might exclude more people who have a different mother tongue.
(1), termenul este de 3 ani de la data naﾙ-terii dreptului.•
† Also prohibits harassment, the instruction to discriminate and victimisation.
Nu existｭ o cazuisticｭ referitoare la felul ôn care aceste termene ar fi aplicate.
Harassment is deemed to be discrimination when an unwanted conduct related to racial or ethnic origin takes place with the purpose of violating the dignity of a person on grounds of racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation and creating an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating and offensive environment is prohibited by the new rules.
Teoretic ônsｭ, rｭspun-sul nu este prea greu de dat, avénd ôn vedere cｭ rolul Ordonanﾞei 137/2000 este acela de a asigura pretinsei victime cea mai mare protecﾞie.
Victimisation occurs when someone is discriminated against for having made a complaint about discrimination or supporting a colleague who has made a complaint.
Aceasta ônseamnｭ cｭ opﾞiunea privind un proces de dreptul muncii sau un proces civil sau administrativ aparﾞine reclamantului.
† Allows for positive action measures to be taken, in order to ensure full equality in practice.
Dacｭ el sau ea alege sｭ ôﾙi bazeze pléngerea pe Codul muncii termenele sunt cele prevｭzute de aceastｭ lege, respectiv 30 de zile de la momentul producerii faptei ﾙi informｭrii persoanei (de exemplu al concedierii).
The directives recognise explicitly that outlawing discrimination will not necessarily be enough by itself to ensure genuine equality of opportunity for everyone in society.
Ôntr-o astfel de situaﾞie solicitarea ar viza anularea actului discriminatoriu.
Specific measures might be called for to compensate for disadvantages arising from a person's racial or ethnic origin, age or other characteristics which might lead to them being treated unfairly.
Ôn aceleaﾙi timp, ôn cadrul aceluiaﾙi proces de dreptul muncii persoana poate opta pentru prevederile art. 21 ale Ordonanﾞei 137 ﾙi solicita despｭgubiri civile.
Organising training courses or making different arrangements especially for them are ways of improving their chances.
Ôntr-o astfel de situaﾞie, cele douｭ cereri ar fi soluﾞionate ômpreunｭ.
The directives allow positive action of this kind to be undertaken and do not regard it as infringing the principle of equal treatment.
Dacｭ ônsｭ pretinsa victimｭ nu opteazｭ pentru un proces de dreptul muncii sau nu solicitｭ despｭ-gubiri civile, ôn cadrul unui astfel de proces, atunci ea va avea posibilitatea sｭ foloseascｭ exclusiv prevederile legii civile ﾙi va avea un termen de 3 ani de zile pentru a solicita despｭgubiri civile.
† Gives victims of discrimination a right to make a complaint through a judicial or administrative procedure, associated with appropriate penalties for those who discriminate.
Un raﾞionament similar trebuie folosit ôn situaﾞia revizuirii actelor administrative.
† Allows for limited exceptions to the principle of equal treatment, for example in cases where a difference in treatment on the ground of race or ethnic origin constitutes a genuine occupa-tional requirement.
Dacｭ persoana ônainteazｭ o astfel de pléngere la instanﾞｭ atunci solicitarea principalｭ va fi anularea actului discri-minatoriu iar termenul va fi cel prevｭzut de Legea contenciosului administrativ, anume un an.
† Shifts the burden of proof between the complainant and the respondent in civil and adminis-trative cases, so that once an alleged victim establishes facts from which it may be presumed that there has been discrimination, it is for the respondent to prove that there has been no breach of the equal treatment principle.
Persoana poate fie sｭ solicite despｭgubiri civile ôn cadrul acestui proces fie printr-o acﾞiune sepa-ratｭ ôntr-un termen de 3 ani.
The requirement that the burden of proof should be shifted, or shared, in this way is a recognition of two general aspects of discrimination cases. The first is that those suffering discrimination are
Dar este evident cｭ Ordonanﾞa 137 ar fi trebuit sｭ fie mai clarｭ ôn legｭturｭ cu aceste posibilitｭﾞi, iar nemenﾞionarea lor lasｭ loc, cel puﾞin teoretic, de interpretｭri diferite, ceea ce va putea conduce la soluﾞii contradictorii ale instanﾞelor.
The second is that only those who are accused of discrimination are likely to have access to the full facts of the case.
Pe de altｭ parte, Legea 202/2002 prevede un termen limitｭ pentru situaﾞia conflictelor de muncｭ. Art.
Although this shifting of the burden of proof is a recent feature of legislation in many countries, it is not new.
Lipsa oricｭrei referiri la vreun termen din art.
It has been widely adopted before as part of new laws on equality between men and women.
34 ônseamnｭ cｭ se aplicｭ regulile generale expuse mai sus.
† Provides for the establishment in each Member State of an organisation to promote equal treatment and provide independent assistance to victims of racial discrimination.
Recomandare: pentru o legislaﾞie nouｭ, care reglementeazｭ un domeniu nou, lipsa de precizie ﾙi corelare a diferitelor prevederi este bulversantｭ.
She employment equality directive (2000/78/EC)
Retragerea autorizaﾞiei de funcﾞionare
† Implements the principle of equal treatment in employment and training irrespective of reli-gion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation in employment, training and membership and involvement in organisations of workers and employers.
21 alin. 3: ¶La cerere, instanﾞa poate dispune retragerea, de cｭtre autoritｭﾞile emitente, a autorizaﾞiei de funcﾞio-nare a persoanelor juridice care, printr-o acﾞiune discriminatorie, cauzeazｭ un prejudiciu semnifi-cativ sau care, deﾙi cauzeazｭ un prejudiciu redus, ôncalcｭ ôn mod repetat prevederile prezentei ordonanﾞe•.
† Includes identical provisions to the racial equality directive on definitions of discrimination and harassment, the prohibition of instruction to discriminate and victimisation, on positive action, rights of legal redress and the sharing of the burden of proof.
Textul este neclar ﾙi ridicｭ mai multe ôntrebｭri. De exemplu, este neclar dacｭ se retrage numai autorizaﾞia de funcﾞionare ori este vorba de sancﾞiunea pierderii personalitｭﾞii juridice.
† Requires employers to make reasonable accommodation to enable a person with a disability who is qualified to do the job in question to participate in training or paid labour.
Avénd ôn vedere textul propriu-zis este avutｭ ôn vedere numai retragerea autorizaﾞiei de funcﾞionare pen-tru domeniul ôn care s-au produs faptele de discriminare.
† Allows for limited exceptions to the principle of equal treatment, for example, where the ethos of a religious organisation needs to be preserved, or where an employer legitimately requires an employee to be from a certain age group to be recruited.
Totuﾙi, dacｭ prin retragerea autoriza-ﾞiei de funcﾞionare se ajunge la imposibilitatea realizｭrii scopului pentru care a fost constituitｭ persoana juridicｭ, atunci aceasta se dizolvｭ.
Have the directives been transposed into national law?
Este ônsｭ vorba doar de o consecinﾞｭ, iar nu de o sancﾞiune directｭ.
Examination of the text of the directives compared with text of national law
21 (3) nu distinge, pｭrénd a se referi la toate persoanele juridice.
'a) Race, place of origin, political opinions, colour, creed or sex are specifically provided for under the Constitution of Malta.
Acelaﾙi raﾞionament este aplicabil ﾙi autoritｭﾞilor ﾙi instituﾞiilor publice, cu perso-nalitate juridicｭ, chiar dacｭ este discutabilｭ existenﾞa ori nu a unei autorizaﾞii de funcﾞionare.
'b) Marital status, pregnancy or potential pregnancy, sex, colour, disability, religious conviction, political opinion, membership in a trade union or in an employers' association, racial or ethnic
Aceasta pentru cｭ scopul unei autoritｭﾞi sau instituﾞii publice este satisfacerea unui interes public, care nu mai poate fi realizat dacｭ respectiva autoritate sau instituﾞie nu mai poate sｭ funcﾞioneze.
'c) Disability on the basis of physical and/or mental impairment under the equal opportunities (persons with disability) act, 2000.
Concluzia ar fi cｭ sancﾞiunea nu vizeazｭ sub nici o formｭ persoanele juridice de drept public.
The main legislation on discrimination under Maltese law are the equal opportunities (persons with a disability) act, the employment and industrial relations act, Legal Notice 461 of 2004 and the equality for men and women act.
Ôn al doilea rénd, se observｭ cｭ sancﾞiunea nu poate fi aplicatｭ din oficiu, ci numai la cererea victimei.
We also find reference to discrimination in other legislation like the constitutional code, the criminal code, the press act and the broadcasting authority act.
Principiul oficialitｭﾞii, aplicabil ôn general ôn dreptul public ôn materie represivｭ, nu funcﾞioneazｭ.