natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
When there is no correlation between input quantitiesthe combined standard uncertainty is evaluated as thesquare root of the combined variance according to:
Atunci cand nu exista corela ieîntremrimilede intrare, incertitudinea standard compuseste calculatca radical din sumavarian elor, conform:
Law of Uncertainty propagation where
Legeade Propagarea Incertitudinii unde
= combined standard uncertainty= standard uncertainty of each input quantity uc(Y) u(Xi)
= incertitudinea standard compus= incertitudinea standard pentru fiecare mrime de intrare uc(Y) u(Xi)
Can be done by spreadsheet or by dedicated software!
Vezi modulul ‘Statistic ”
NO − 3 where RSu(X
3 unde RSu ( X
Step 8 - Expanded Uncertainty
Pasul 8 –Incertitudinea Extins
The expanded uncertainty, U, is obtained by multiplying the combined standard uncertainty u
Incertitudinea Extins, U, este ob inutprin înmul irea incertitudinii standard compusuc(y)cu un factor de acoperire k:
Result = y ± U (k = ??)
De exemplu:
For the example: QNO3- the best estimate of the value attributed to the measurand is “y”, the interval [y – U , y + U] is the range that may be expected toencompass a large fraction of the distribution of values that couldreasonably be attributed to the measurand.
�intervalul [y –U , y + U] este intervalulîncare estede aşteptatsfie cuprinso frac iuneridicata distribu ieivalorilor, ceînmod rezonabil, pot fiatribuitemsurandului.
Step 8 - Expanded Uncertainty (2)
Pasul 8 –Incertitudinea Extins(2)
Expanded uncertainty gives a more realistic range ofpossible values.
�Incertitudinea extinsofera un interval mult mai realist al valorilor posibile.
The coverage factor usually used is k = 2, representing acoverage of about 95%, if the distribution is normal
�Factorul de acoperire utilizat de obicei este k= 2, el reprezentândo acoperire de aproximativ 95%, atunci cand distribu iaeste normal
Standard uncertainty should be used inside the laboratory(to apply uncertainty propagation)
Incertitudinea standard trebuie utilizatîncadrul laboratorului(pentru a propagaincertitudinile)
Expanded uncertainty is more realistic rangegiven for the end-users of the results
Incertitudinea extinseste intervalul cel mai realist furnizatutilizatorilor-finaliai rezultatelor
Step 9 - Uncertainty Contributions
Pasul 9 –Pondereasurselorde incertitudini
Step 10 - Reporting Results
Pasul 10 -Raportarea Rezultatelor
(*) the reported uncertainty is an expandeduncertainty calculated using a coverage factor of k = 2, which gives a level of confidence ofapproximately 95%
Incertitudinea raportateste o incertitudine extinscalculatfolosind un factor de acoperire k= 2, care indicun nivel de încrederede aproximativ 95%
Certified range [U=k·u c
Interval certificat [U=k·uc
Results from all participants.
Rezultatele tuturor prticipantilor.
Metrologists obsessed by small uncertainties ?
Metrologii suntobseda & i de incertitudini mici ?
Certified range [U=k·u
Interval certificat [U=k·uc
Results from all participants.
Rezultatele tuturor participatilor.
Learning how to apply GUM:Better sell your results withreliable uncertainty statement !
Invatândcum se aplic GUM:
Summary: about uncertainty
Rezumat despre incertitudine
Uncertainty of measurement results evaluation accordingto the GUM is a useful and accepted concept to evaluateresults of a measurement;
�evaluareaincertitudiniirezultatelor msurriiconform GUMreprezintun concept util şiacceptat
It allows others (e.g. assessors) to understand what & how things were done It allows the analyst to combine prior knowledge andobservations in a consistent and well defined way;
�permitealtora (de ex auditorilor) surmreascce & cum au fost fcute lucrurile �permiteanalistului scombine cunoştin eleşi observa iileanterioareîntr-un mod bine definit şi consistent
It doesn’t requires to measure with smallest achievableuncertainty, but with the most realistic one
�nuse impunesmsurm cu cea mai micincertitudineposibil, cicu cea mai realist
Uncertainty adopted and accepted by ...
Incertitudinea-adoptatşi acceptatde…
This concept is adopted and accepted by internationalinstitutions, such as NMIs and BIPM
�Acest concept a fost adoptat şiacceptat de institu ii interna ionale, cum ar fi INM-uri ş i BIPM
Is required under ISO 17025 for accreditation
�Este cerutde ISO 17025 pentru acreditare
IUPAC, OIML and accreditation community such as EAand ILAC have accepted this concept
�IUPAC, OIML şicomunitatea de acreditare, precum EA şi ILAC, au acceptat acest concept
CEN is incorporating these concepts
�CEN este încurs de încorporarea acestuiconcept
A p p l lie d ied
Statistic Aplicativ
Statistics, why and when?
Statistic, de ceşi când?
• Evaluation of uncertainty of results according to ISO-GUM• Evaluation of Inter-Laboratory Comparison (ILC)• Quality assurance:– method performance (accuracy; precision; ...)• Optimisation of measurement procedures
•Evaluareaincertitudiniirezultatelorînacordcu ISO-GUM • Evaluarea Compar rilor Inter-Laboratoare (ILC) • Asigurarea calit ii:–performan elemetodei(exactitate, precizie...)•Optimizareaprocedurilorde msurare
Statistics forevaluation ofuncertainty
Statistic pentru evaluarea incertitudinii
For a set of n values xi
Pentruun set de n valorixi
Mean Value (average)
Valoarea Medie (media)
Standard Deviation
Abaterea Standard
The Value is between the limits a− la +
Valoarea este între limitele a
The expectation y = x±a
Valoarea a ş teptat: y = x ± a
One can only assume that it is equally probable for the valueto lie anywhere within the interval
Se poatepresupuneca valoareaaşteptatse situeazcu aceeaşiprobabilitateoriundeînacelinterval
Example of Rectangular distribution
Exemplude distribu iedreptunghiular
“It is likely that the value is somewhere in that range”
“Se presupunecvaloareaesteundevaînacestinterval”
Rectangular distribution is usually described in terms of: the average value and the range (±a)
Distribu iadreptunghiularestedescris, de obicei, de valoaremedieşiintervalul(±a)
Certificates or other specification give limits where the value could be,without specifying a level of confidence (or degree of freedom).
Certificatelesaualtespecificatiisaulimiteîntrecare se poategsivaloarea, fra fispecificatun nivelde încredere(saugrad de libertate)
Examples:Concentration of calibration standard is quoted as (1000 ± 2) mg/l Assuming rectangular distribution the standard uncertainty is: s = u(x) = a/
Exemple: Concentra iasolu ieide etalonareeste(1000 ±2) mg/l Considerand distribu iedreptunghiular, incertitudineastandard este: s = u(x) = a/
The purity of the cadmium is given on the certificate as (99.99 ± 0.01) %Assuming rectangular distribution the standard uncertainty is: s = u(x) = a/
Puritateacadmiuluiestedatîncertificate, ca fiind: (99.99 ±0.01) %Considerânddistribu iadreptunghiular, incertitudineastandard este: s = u(x) = a/
Distribution used when it issuggested that values near thecentre of range are more likelythan near to the extremes
Distribu iafolositcândse presupunecvalorileapropiatede mijloculintervaluluisuntmultmaiprobabiledecât celesituate
2a (=±a) y = x±a
2a (=±a) lâng extremele intervalului y = x ± a
Assumed standard deviation: s = a ⋅1/
Abaterea standard: s = a ⋅
Example of Triangular distribution
Exemplude distribu ietriunghiular
The available information concerning the value is less limitedthan for rectangular distribution.
Valorileapropiatede x suntmultmaiprobabiledecât celeapropiatede margini Informa iiledisponibilereferitoarela valorisuntmaipu in limitatedecât pentrudistribu iadreptunghiular.
Example (volumetric glassware)
Exemplu(sticlriede laborator)Cotavolumuluiindicatde producatorpentruun baloncotateste:
The manufacture quotes a volume for the flask of(100 ± 0.1) ml at T = 20°C. Nominal value most probable!Assuming triangular distribution the standard uncertainty is: s = u(x) = a ⋅1/ 6 = 0.1/ 6 = 0.04 ml
(100 ± 0.1) ml at T = 20° C. Valoareanominalesteceamaiprobabil!Consideranddistribu ietriunghiular, incertitudineastandard este: s = u(x) = a ⋅ 1/ 6 = 0.1/ 6 = 0.04 ml
In case of doubt, use the rectangular distribution
In cazde dubiu, foloseştedistribu iadreptunghiular
The estimate of the “True Value” (µ) lies within theconfidence interval (CI), with a probability of (1-α),having “n-1” degrees of freedom:
Observa iileindividualesuntdistribuiteînjurulceleimaibuneestima ii a “Valorii Adev rate” cu o împrştiere, care depindede repetabilitateamsurrii
(where n = number of replicates) µ = x ± (1 − α ) % CI (n)
Estima ia “Valorii Adevarate” (µ)se gseşteînintervalulde încredere(CI), cu o probabilitatede (1-α), având“n-1”grade de libertate(unden= numrulde msurrirepetate) µ = x ± (1 − α ) % CI (n)
Confidence Interval (2)
Interval de încredere(2)
Law of “Uncertainty Propagation”without correlation
Legea “Propag rii Incertitudinii” fr corela & ie , X
Type A evaluation of uncertainty: statistical analysis of series of observations.
Evaluarede Tip Aa incertitudinii:analizastatistica seriilorde observa ii Incertitudineastandard de Tip A este estimat pe baza experimentelor repetate ş i este cuantificat în termeni de abaterea standard a valorilormsurate
Type A standard uncertainty is measured from repeatabilityexperiments and is quantified in terms of the standard deviation ofthe measured values
Evaluareade Tip B a incertitudinii: prinaltemijloacedecât analizastatistica datelor
Type B evaluation of uncertainty:by other means than statistical analysis(previous experiments, literature data, manufacturer’s information)
(experimenteanterioare, date din literatur, informa iileproductorului)
According to GUM...
In acordcu GUM...
Expanded Uncertainty, U, is obtained by multiplying thecombined standard uncertainty by a coverage factor k:
Incertitudinea Extins , U, se ob ineprinmultiplicareaincertitudiniistandard compusecu factorulde acoperirek:
(y) c often k = 2
(y) c de regul, k = 2
An uncertainty is given in the form of Standard Deviation [ s = u(x) ]
Incertitudineaestedata sub forma de abaterestandard [ s = u(x) ]
• Standard deviation ?• Rectangular distribution uncertainty ?• Triangular distribution uncertainty ?• Confidence interval w/o specified degree of freedom ?• Confidence Interval with specified degree of freedom ?• Combined Uncertainty ?• Expanded uncertainty ?
• Abaterea Standard? • Incertitudinea Distribu iei dreptunghiulare? • Incertitudinea Distribu ieitriunghiulare?•Intervalulde Increderefrgrade de libertatespecificate?•Intervalulde Increderecu grade de libertate specificate? • Incertitudine Compus ? • Incertitudine Extins ?
Is “k” specified ?
Este“k” specificat?
Standard deviationof a single measurement
Abaterea Standard a uneisinguremsurri
No uncertainty evaluation
Dup evaluarea incertitudinii
After uncertaintyevaluation
Nu esteevaluatincertitudinea
(only precision)
(numai precizia)
Trainingin Metrologyin Chemistry
Msurareacon inutuluide Cddin plante3 probe supusedigestiei
= (21.0 ± 0.5) mg/kg = (21.0 ± 1.2) mg/kg, with n = 3
Cd= (21.0 ± 0.5) mg/kg= (21.0 ± 1.2) mg/kg, cu n = 3
Measurement Cd content in plant 3 digested samples st Digestion : 20.5 mg/kg
Msurareacon inutuluide Cddin plante3 probe supusedigestiei
Uncertainty Budget calculation Combined Uncertainty (including contribution from all parameters) mean ± Expanded uncertainty = (21.0 ± 4.2) mg/kg, with k = 2
C media ± Incertitudinea Extins Cd = (21.0 ± 4.2) mg/kg, cu k = 2
Best estimate ofthe “True Value”
Ceamaibunestimarea “Valorii Adev rate”
no no no yes yes no yes yes
z z z z z nu nu zzzzz nu da z z z z nu da z da da zzzzz
(scatter)
(apropiate) (împrastiate)
Precision: The closeness of agreement between independenttest results obtained under stipulated conditions [ISO 5725]
Exactitate:Gradulde concordantîntrerezultateletestelorindependenteob inuteîncondi ii specificate[ISO 5725]
Closeness of agreement between a test result of ameasurement and the accepted reference value(ISO 3534-1)
Gradulde concordan dintreunrezultatal uneimsurrişivaloareade referin acceptat(ISO 3534-1)
Accuracy is not given by the spread of a normaldistribution, but by the deviation of the arithmetic mean ofa series of results from accepted reference value
Exactitateanu estedatdeîmprştiereadistribu ieinormale, cideabatereamedieiaritmeticea uneiseriide rezultatede la valoareaacceptatcavaloarede referin
Precision recorded under repeatability conditions:
Preciziaob inutîncondi ii de repetabilitate:
– same laboratory, analyst, equipment,time (short interval)
–acelaşilaborator, analist, echipament,timp(interval scurt)
Typically used for studying variation within a batch or between replicated measurements.
In mod normal folositpentrustudiereavaria iei într-un lot sauîntremsurrirepetate
Within-run precision = Repeatability
Preciziaînaceleaşicondi ii = repetabilitate
Precision recorded under reproducibility conditions:
Preciziaob inutîncondi ii de reproductibilitate:
– different laboratory, analyst, equipment,time (short interval)
–diferitelaboratoare, analişti, echipament,timp
Typically used for studying variation on measurements made between laboratories.
In mod normal folositpentrustudiereavaria ieiîntre msurrile fcute întrelaboratoare.
Between-run precision = Reproducibility
Preciziaîncondi ii diferite= Reproductibilitate
Statistics for Inter-Laboratory Comparison (ILC),Proficiency Testing (PT)
Statistic pentru Compar ri Inter-Laboratoare (ILC) şi Testede Performan & (PT)
(Traditional) Z-score
Scorul Z (tradi ional)
• Target performance (i.e. 5%)
5%)•Incertitudineade referin (valoarea nominal ) • Reproductibilitatea compar rilor Inter-Lab.
2 < _BAR_Z_BAR_ < 3:warning preventiveaction_BAR_Z_BAR_ > 3:unsatisfactory correctiveaction
Evaluareaperforman ei:0 < _BAR_Z_BAR_ < 2 : bun 2 < _BAR_Z_BAR_ < 3 : avertizare�ac iunipreventive _BAR_Z_BAR_ > 3 : nesatisfctoare�ac iunicorective Slide 27
En-score according to GUM
Scorul En -în acordcu GUM
2 < _BAR_En_BAR_ < 3:warning preventiveaction_BAR_En_BAR_ > 3:unsatisfactory correctiveaction
Evaluareaperformantei:0 < _BAR_En_BAR_ < 2 : bun 2 < _BAR_En_BAR_ < 3 : avertizare�ac iunipreventive_BAR_En_BAR_ > 3 : nesatisfctoare�ac iunicorective Slide 28
The Uncertainty Budget St ep- by- st ep Tutorial
Bugetulde Incertitudini Abordare pas-cu-pas
4) part 1
* X4) partea1
RSD 0,8% 3,0% 1,7% 2,3% stdev 0,02 0,13 0,11 0,07 value 2,46 4,32 6,38 2,99 description X1 X2 X3 X4 value 2,46 4,32 6,38 2,99 0,557 stdev 0,02 0,13 0,11 0,07 ??
2,46 4,32 6,38 2,99 stdev 0,02 0,13 0,11 0,07 marimi X1 X2 X3 X4 valoare marimi q
4) part 2
* X4) partea2
description X1 X2 X3 X4 Result x+∆x
X1 X2 X3 X4 Rezultat valoare marimi s x+ ∆ x
4) part 3
* X4) partea3
Use of Reference materials
Utilizarea Materialelor de Referin
Overview
Scopul prezent rii
Definitions Types of RMs RM production Use of RMs CRM suppliers Examples on use
Defini ii Tipuri MRProduc ia de MRUtilizarea MRFurnizori de MRCExemple practice
What is presented here is best practiceon the use of reference materials… in many cases this is not applied!
Ceea ce este prezentat aici corespundecelei mai bunepractici de utilizare a materialelor de referin dinpcate, în cele mai multe cazuri aceasta nu se aplic!
Quality Standards of preparationare not systematically appliedby all suppliers
Standardele de Calitate privind prepararea MR nu sunt aplicate sistematic de to i furnizorii
Role of RM in Analytical Chemistry
Rolul MR în Chimia Analitic
ISO17025 (QA) requirements
Cerin ele Standardului 17025 (AQ)
Requirements for reagents,calibrants and measurementstandards
�Cerin e pentru reactivi, calibran i şi etaloane de masurare©
Suitable laboratory environment
9Condi ii de mediu corespunztoare
Proper use of (certified)Reference Materials
�Utilizarea corespunztoarea Materialelor de Referin (Certificate) pentru laborator
Educated, trained and skilled staff
9Scolarizare, instruire şi calificarea
Suitable equipment
9Echipament corespunztor
Procedures for checking andreporting results
�Stocarea corespunztoare şi manuireaprobelor
Use of validated and documented methods
9Utilizarea de metodedocumentate şi validate
Proper storage and handling ofsamples
�Participarea la teste de competen
Quality control
9Controlul calit ii
Participation in proficiency tests
9Proceduri de instruire şi înregistrri
You certainly heard about...
A & i auzit desigur despre...
Standards •Primary and Secondary standard•International (measurement) standard•National standard•Calibration standard•Measurement standard
•Etalon Primar şi Secundar•Etalon Interna ional (de msurare)•Etalon Na ional•Etalon de Referin •Etalon de msurare (de lucru)
Definition of Reference Materials (RM)
Definirea Materialelor de Referin &
According to VIM, material or substance one or more of whose propertiesare sufficiently homogeneous and well established to beused for the calibration of an apparatus, the assessmentof a measurement method, or for assigning values tomaterials
Material sau substan alecarei, una sau mai multe valori ale propriet ii (proprietatilor)sale, suntsuficient de omogene şi bine stabilite pentru a fi utilizate la etalonareaunui aparatde masurat, evaluarea unei metodei de msurare sauatribuirea de valorimaterialelor(sausubstantelor).
Definition of Certified Reference Materials (CRM)
Definirea Materialelor de Referin & Certificate (MRC) În conformitate cu VIM,
According to VIM, reference material, accompanied by a certificate, one ormore of whose property values are certified by aprocedure which establishes traceability to an accuraterealization of the unit in which the property values areexpressed, and for which each certified value isaccompanied by an uncertainty at a stated level ofconfidence
Material de referin , înso it de un certificat, careareuna sau mai multevalori ale propriet ii certificate prino procedur care stabileştetrasabilitatea la o realizare exact a unit iiîn care sunt exprimate valorile propriet ii(proprietatilor)şi pentru care fiecare valoare certificat este înso it de o incertitudinecuun nivel de încredere specificat.
Types of CRMsaccording to their use
Tipuri de MRC-uriîn conformitate cu utilizarea lor
Pure substances for calibration(e.g. solution of Pb to prepare calibrationsolution for AAS)
Substan e pure pentru etalonare(ex.solu ia de Pbpentru a prepara solu iide calibrare pentru AAS)
Pure substances for matrix matching(e.g. high purity Cu to make a Zn/Cucalibration series for ICP-ES)
Substan e pure pentru a realizaomatrice corespunztoare (ex.Cu de înalt puritate pentru a realiza o serie de calibran i de Zn/Cu pentru ICP-ES)
According to VIM,
În conformitate cu VIM,
Matrix (compositional) reference material :A “natural” substance more representative oflaboratory samples that has been chemicallycharacterised for one or more elements,constituents etc. with a known uncertainty
O substan “natural” cea mai reprezentativ pentru probele de laborator care a fost caracterizatchimic pentru unul sau mai multe elemente, constituen i, etc. cu o incertitudine cunoscut
•Measurand: what you try to measure
•Msurand: ce încerci s msori
(e.g. ‘total Pb’ content in a soil)
(ex.con inutul“total de Pb” din sol)
Making CRMs,not a trivial job !
Prepararea MRC-urilor,nu este o activitate trivial!
Know-How and infrastructureto process the material in a suitable form,specially for matrix CRMs
•Transferde cunoştin eşi infrastructuranecesarpentru a prelucra materialul îno form potrivit, înspecial pentru MRC-urilematriciale
Demonstrated measurement capability,to produce reference value
•Capabilitatea de msurare demonstratpentru a produce valori de referin
Prepare 5000 bottles of a fish samplefor Hg content measurement,with demonstrated homogeneity and stability
Prepararea a 5000 ambalaje cu probe de peşte pentru msurarea con inutului de Hg, cu omogenitate şi stabilitatedemonstrat
(C)RM production, not a trivial thing
Produc & ia de MR(C), nu este o activitate trivial
Collection & cleaning "envir onment al"
Colectare & cur ire “mediu"
Oven- drying
Cuptor- uscare
Particle Size
Mrimea particulei�
Bottling
(Cernere)
According to ISO 35producing (C)RMs is ...
În conformitate cu ISO 35producerea MR(C)-uriloreste...
–the integrated process of correct preparation,homogeneity and stability demonstration, andaccurate and traceable charaterisation,
–Procesul complet de preparare corect, demonstrarea omogenit iişistabilit ii, şi caracterizarea exact şi trasabil
–whereby all components of uncertainty of“the sample on the desk of the user”should be properly accounted for according tothe ISO Guide Uncertainty of Measurements (GUM)
–Caurmare, toatecomponentele incertitudinii“probelor care ajung înlaboratorla utilizator” ar trebuiluateîn considerareîn mod adecvat,înconformitate cu Ghidul de Estimarea Incertitudinii de Msurare (GUM)
Repeat with TWENTYampoules
Repetare pe20 fiole
Homogeneity contribution to uncertainty
Omogenitatea contribuie la incertitudine
Stability contribution to CRM uncertainty & shelf-live 17000
Stabilitateacontribuielaincertitudinea MRC & perioadade valabilitate 17000
“Characterisation”Value assignment
“Caracterizare” Valoare atribuit
02-Z-ETA-AAS by designation 1 method / 1 lab1 method / M labs N methods / 1 lab N methods / M labs
9prindesemnare91 metod/ 1 lab91 metod/ M labs9N metode/ 1 lab9N metode/ M labs
Characterisation contribution to CRM uncertainty
Incertitudinea MRC datorata caracterizarii
(C)RM Uncertaintyaccording to GUM
Incertitudinea MR(C)în conformitate cu GUM
Expanded Uncertainty UCRM of the averageconcentration of 1 unit after storage for (some) time and after transport
Incertitudinea extins UCRM a medieiconcentra iei uneiunit ide MR dup depozitare, pentru o aceeaşi perioad de timp, şi dup transport.
Characterization (Certification)
Caracterizarea (Certificarea)
Between-Bottle
Dintre ambalaje
Long-term stability
Stabilitatepe termen lung
A high quality (C)RM should :
MR(C)de înalt calitateartrebuisaaiba
•State traceability of certified value
•Trasabilitatea declarat a valorii certificate
(e.g. traceability to S.I., or to values obtained with method XYZ)
(e.x. trasabilitatea la S.I., sau la valorile ob inute cu metoda XYZ)
•State an ISO-GUM uncertainty of certified value
•Incertitudineavalorii certificatedeclarat conform ISO-GUM
•Demonstrate traceability & uncertainty of certified value (e.g. in a certification report ; experimental evidence of demonstratedcapability from participation to international intercomparisons such asthose from BIPM)
•Demonstrareatrasabilit ii & incertitudiniivalorii certificate (e.x. într-un raport de certificare; dovezi experimentale ale capabilit iidemsuraredemonstrate prin participarea la intercomparri interna ionale cum ar fi celeale BIPM)
•Produced according to ISO-35 and ISO-34 (preferably)
•Produse în acord cu ISO-35 ş i ISO-34 (de preferat)
OK, we can rely on (C)RMs
OK, putem s ne bizuim pe aceste MR(C)-uri
How to handle CRMs ?
Cum soperm MRC-urile?
Follow the “Instructions for use” given by the supplier
Respectând ”Instruc iunile de utilizare” date de furnizor
Comply with the prescribed minimum sample intake oC ?)
Respectând prelevarea cantit iiminime de mostrprescrisa o
Use of CRMs ?
Utilizarea MRC-urilor?
I use a CRM, therefore my measurement result isautomatically correct
Utilizez un MRC, deci rezultatul msurrii mele este automat corect Utilizez un MRC pentru:9Etalonare în procedura de msurare(cf. solu ii etalon)
I use a CRM for:calibration inside a measurement procedure(cf. solution standards) validation of analytical procedure (do I get the value given inthe certificate, applying my experimental procedure ?) input parameter in the model equation (I.e.
9Validarea procedurii analitice (prin aplicarea procedurii experimentale ob in valoarea dat în certificat ?)
Why is there a bias?What is wrong with my procedure?
De ce este o diferen ?Ce este greşit inprocedura mea?
Choose the proper CRM
Alege MRC-ulpotrivit
Is there a choice (similar matrix) ?What is your uncertainty requirement ?
•Este posibila alegerea uneimatricisimilare ?•Care este incertitudinea cerut de dvs.?
Contribution of UCRM on your measurement result (if digestion is 90% of uncertainty … ) ?
•Care este incertitudinea UCRM?•Care este contribu ia UCRMînrezultatele msurrilor tale(dac digestia reprezinta90% din incertitudinii… )?
Traceability of CRM values ?CRM supplier with demonstrated capability ?Cost ?
•Trasabilitatea valorilor MRC-urilor?•Furnizorul de MRC are demonstrat capabilitatea ?•Costul ?
CRMs yes, but ...
Da, foloseşte MRC, dar...
•What about your Quality System ?
•Dar despre Sistemul Calit ii?