natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
EU legislation protects your interests wherever you travel across Europe
Legislaţia UE vă protejează interesele oriunde aţi călători în Europa
* Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed.
* Unii operatori de telefonie mobilă nu permit accesul la numerele 00 800 sau pot factura aceste apeluri.
Flight delayed or cancelled?
Zbor amânat sau anulat?
Mishandled luggage?
Bagaj manipulat necorespunzător?
Best practices in road safety
Cele mai bune practici în materie de siguraţă rutieră
Handbook for measures at the country level
Ghid pentru măsuri la nivel naţional
Methodology – Eveline Braun, Bernhard Schausberger, Karin Weber (KfV) List of Measures Collected and Analysed – Martin Winkelbauer (KfV) Handbook for Measures at the Country Level – Ingrid van Schagen (SWOV), Klaus Machata (KfV) Handbook for Measures at the European Level – Graziella Jost (ETSC), Ingrid van Schagen (SWOV)Review of Implementation at the Country Level – Bernhard Schausberger (KfV), Alena Erke (TØI)Thematic Report: Education and Campaigns – Peter Silverans, Peter de Neve (IBSR)Thematic Report: Driver Education, Training & Licensing – Nick Sanders (CIECA), Jan Vissers (DHV)Thematic Report: Rehabilitation and Diagnostics – Jacqueline Bächli-Biétry, Yvonne Achermann, Stefan Siegrist (bfu)Thematic Report: Vehicles – Tariq van Rooijen, Ben Immers, Isabel Wilmink (TNO)Thematic Report: Infrastructure – Leif Sjögren, Hans Thulin (VTI)Thematic Report: Enforcement – Veli-Pekka Kallberg (VTT)Thematic Report: Statistics & In-depth Analysis – Ellen Berends (SWOV)Thematic Report: Institutional Organisation of Road Safety – Alena Erke (TØI)Thematic Report: Post Accident Care – Markus Fiala, Peter Kaiser (ÖRK) Project coordinator:
Metodologie – Eveline Braun, Bernhard Schausberger, Karin Weber (KfV) Lista măsurilor culese şi analizate – Martin Winkelbauer (KfV) Cele mai bune practici în materie de siguranţă rutieră ghid pentru măsuri la nivel naţional – Ingrid van Schagen (SWOV), Klaus Machata (KfV) Cele mai bune practici în materie de siguranţă rutieră ghid pentru măsuri la nivel european – Graziella Jost (ETSC), Ingrid van Schagen (SWOV)Bilanţul punerii în aplicare la nivel naţional – Bernhard Schausberger (KfV), Alena Erke (TØI)Raport tematic: educaţia şi campaniile – Peter Silverans, Peter de Neve (IBSR)Raport tematic: formarea conducătorilor auto, instruirea acestora şi obţinerea permisului de conducere – Nick Sanders (CIECA), Jan Vissers (DHV)Raport tematic: Reabilitarea şi diagnosticele – Jacqueline Bächli-Biétry, Yvonne Achermann, Stefan Siegrist (bfu)Raport tematic: Vehiculele – Tariq van Rooijen, Ben Immers, Isabel Wilmink (TNO)Raport tematic: Infrastructura – Leif Sjögren, Hans Thulin (VTI)Raport tematic: Aplicarea legislaţiei – Veli-Pekka Kallberg (VTT)Raport tematic: Statistici & analiza aprofundată – Ellen Berends (SWOV)Raport tematic: Organizarea instituţională a siguranţei rutiere – Alena Erke (TØI)Raport tematic: Îngrijiri post-accident – Markus Fiala, Peter Kaiser (ÖRK) Coordinator de proiect:
Pictures: © European Union, iStockphoto, Shutterstock
Imagini: © Uniunea Europeană, iStockphoto, Shutterstock
Printed in Belgium PRINTED ON WHITE CHLORINE-FREE BLEACHED PAPER
Printed in Belgium TIPĂRIT PE HÂRTIE ÎNĂLBITĂ FĂRĂ CLOR ELEMENTAR
BEST PRACTICE IN ROAD SAFETY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
CEA MAI BUNĂ PRACTICĂ ÎN MATERIE DE SIGURANŢĂ RUTIERĂ ........................ 6
Why this handbook? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
De ce acest ghid? ..........................................................................................................
6For whom?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6Pentru cine? ...............................................................................................................
6What type of measures?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6Ce tipuri de măsuri? .......................................................................................................
6How were measures selected? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6Cum au fost selectate măsurile? ............................................................................................
6Best, good or promising practice? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6Cea mai bună practică, bună practică sau practică promiţătoare? ...........................................................
6Where to find what information? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6Ce tipuri de informaţii se pot găsi şi unde? .................................................................................
7What types of measures are included?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7Ce tipuri de măsuri sunt incluse? ...........................................................................................
7Take care: it’s more than simply shopping!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
7Atenţie: este mai mult decât simplu shopping! ............................................................................. 7
INSTITUTIONAL ORGANISATION OF ROAD SAFETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
ORGANIZAREA INSTITUŢIONALĂ A SIGURANŢEI RUTIERE .............................. 8
Road safety visions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Viziunile asupra siguranţei rutiere...........................................................................................
8Road safety programmes and targets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8Programe şi obiective în materie de siguranţă rutieră ....................................................................... 10Analiza eficienţei ..........................................................................................................
11Resource allocation processes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
11Procesele de alocare a resurselor ........................................................................................... 12
ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
INFRASTRUCTURA RUTIERĂ...........................................................13
Land use and network planning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilizarea terenului şi planificarea reţelei ....................................................................................
13(Re)construction and design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Signing and marking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13(Re)construcţia şi proiectarea...............................................................................................
18Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18Întreţinerea ................................................................................................................
20Quality assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
20Asigurarea calităţii.......................................................................................................... 20
VEHICLES AND SAFETY DEVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
VEHICULELE ŞI DISPOZITIVELE DE SIGURANŢĂ ........................................22
Safe car design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Proiectarea sigură a maşinii.................................................................................................
22Two-wheeler crash protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22Protecţia vehiculelor cu două roţi împotriva accidentelor ...................................................................
23Vehicle conspicuity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23Vizibilitatea vehiculelor ....................................................................................................
23Driver support systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23Sistemele de asistenţă pentru conducătorii auto ...........................................................................
25Prevention of unsafe traffic behaviour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
25Prevenirea comportamentului periculos în trafic............................................................................ 26
ROAD SAFETY EDUCATION AND CAMPAIGNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
EDUCAŢIA ŞI CAMPANIILE PENTRU SIGURANŢA RUTIERĂ ..............................28
Road safety education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educaţia pentru siguranţa rutieră...........................................................................................
28Road safety campaigns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
28Campaniile de siguranţă rutieră ............................................................................................ 30
DRIVER TRAINING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
INSTRUIREA CONDUCĂTORILOR AUTO ................................................33
Essential elements of driver training. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Elemente esenţiale în instruirea conducătorilor auto........................................................................
33Driving schools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33Şcolile de şoferi ............................................................................................................
34Accompanied driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34Conducerea asistată........................................................................................................
35Insight-based driver training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
35Instruirea bazată pe analiză a conducătorilor auto .......................................................................... 36
TRAFFIC LAW ENFORCEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
APLICAREA LEGISLAŢIEI RUTIERE .....................................................37
General principles of traffic law enforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Speeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Principiile generale ale aplicării legislaţiei rutiere ...........................................................................
37Drink driving. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37Conducerea sub influenţa alcoolului .......................................................................................
40Seatbelts and child restraints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40Centurile de siguranţă şi scaunele pentru copii .............................................................................
41Penalty point systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
41Sistemele bazate pe puncte de penalizare.................................................................................. 42
BEST PRACTICES IN ROAD SAFETY
CELE MAIBUNEPRACTICIÎN MATERIE DESIGURAŢĂRUTIERĂ
REHABILITATION AND DIAGNOSTICS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
REABILITAREA ŞI DIAGNOSTICELE.....................................................43
Rehabilitation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Diagnostic assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Reabilitarea ................................................................................................................
POST ACCIDENT CARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
ÎNGRIJIRILE POST²ACCIDENT..........................................................47
47Emergency calls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47Apelurile de urgenţă .......................................................................................................
48Efficient emergency responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48Reacţii eficiente la apelurile de urgenţă.....................................................................................
49First treatment and transportation of victims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49Primele îngrijiri medicale şi transportarea victimelor ........................................................................
50Psychosocial support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
50Asistenţa psihosocială...................................................................................................... 52
ROAD SAFETY DATA AND DATA COLLECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
DATELE PRIVIND SIGURANŢA RUTIERĂ ŞI CULEGEREA ACESTORA .....................53
Road crash statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Statisticile privind accidentelor rutiere......................................................................................
53Exposure data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
53Datele privind expunerea ..................................................................................................
54Safety Performance Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
54Indicatori de performanţă ai siguranţei rutiere..............................................................................
56In-depth crash data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
56Informaţii detaliate referitoare la accidente ................................................................................. 57
ANNEX: OVERVIEW OF BEST B, GOOD G AND PROMISING P MEASURES . . . . . . . . . . . 60
ANEXĂ: TRECEREA ÎN REVISTĂ A MĂSURILOR PROMIŢĂTOARE ´Pµ, BUNE ´Bµ ŞI CELE MAI BUNE ´CBµ ......................................................60
PROJECT MEMBERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
MEMBRII PROIECTULUI ...............................................................62
The goal of SUPREME was to collect, analyse, summarise and publish best practices in road safety in the Member States of the European Union, as well as in Switzerland and Norway.
Scopul SUPREME a fost de a colecta, a analiza, a rezuma şi a publica cele mai bune practici în materie de siguranţă rutieră în statele membre ale Uniunii Europene, precum şi în Elveţia şi în Norvegia.
This document is a collection of best practices at national scale and aims to present the project’s results to national/regional policy and decision makers across Europe, thereby encouraging the adoption of successful road safety strategies and measures.
Prezentul document reprezintă o colecţie de cele mai bune practici la nivel naţional şi urmăreşte să prezinte rezultatele proiectului responsabililor şi factorilor decizionali de la nivel regional şi naţional din Europa, încurajând astfel adoptarea de strategii şi măsuri de succes în materie de siguranţă rutieră.
As such, the intention of this project is to contribute to reaching the EU target of a 50 % reduction in road fatalities in 2010 (1).
Astfel, intenţia acestui proiect este de a contribui la atingerea obiectivului UE de a reduce cu 50 % numărul victimelor accidentelor rutiere până în 2010 (1).
The project was commissioned by DGTREN of the European Commission.
Proiectul a fost iniţiat de către DG TREN a Comisiei Europene.
It started in December 2005 and finished in June 2007.
Acesta a început în decembrie 2005 şi a fost încheiat în iunie 2007.
A total of 31 national and international road safety organisations were involved.
Au fost implicate un număr total de 31 de organizaţii naţionale şi internaţionale de siguranţă rutieră.
More information about the project and its result can be found at: http://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/pdf/projects/supreme.pdf
Mai multe informaţii în legătură cu proiectul şi cu rezultatul acestuia pot fi găsite la adresa: http://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/pdf/projects/supreme.pdf
White Paper European Transport Policy for 2010: Time to decide.
Cartea albă privind politica europeană în domeniul transporturilor pentru 2010: este timpul deciziei. COM(2001) 0370. http://ec.europa.eu/transport/white_paper/index_en.htm
Best practice in road safety
Cea mai bună practică în materie de siguranţă rutieră
Why this handbook?
De ce acest ghid?
How were measures selected?
Cum au fost selectate măsurile?
This handbook contains a large variety of road safety measures from throughout Europe.
Acest ghid conţine o mare varietate de măsuri privind siguranţa rutieră din întreaga Europă.
We hope that the handbook motivates those who are nationally or regionally involved in road safety to take up measures that have a high potential to improve road safety.
Sperăm că acest ghid îi va motiva pe cei implicaţi în siguranţa rutieră la nivel regional sau naţional să ia măsuri cu un potenţial înalt de îmbunătăţire a siguranţei rutiere.
By looking at successful experiences elsewhere in Europe, reinventing the wheel and trial and error approaches to road safety can be largely avoided.
Prin analizarea reuşitelor unor ţări din Europa se pot evita în mare măsură abordările de tip„reinventarea roţii” sau „din greşeli se învaţă”în materie de siguranţă rutieră.
For whom?
Pentru cine?
Some road safety areas, e.g. vehicles safety, are largely the responsibility of the European Commission and other international bodies. Most areas, however, are the responsibility of national governments, increasingly delegated to regional or local authorities.
Unele domenii ale siguranţei rutiere, cum ar fi siguranţa vehiculelor, intră, în mare măsură, sub responsabilitatea Comisiei Europene şi a altor organisme internaţionale.Totuşi, majoritatea domeniilor intră sub responsabilitatea guvernelor naţionale, care este delegată din ce în ce mai mult autorităţilor regionale sau locale.