natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
‹ proceedings for failure to fulfil an obligation: the Commission or Member States can initiate proceedings if they have reason to believe that a Member State is failing to fulfil its obligations under EU law (see further `National context', Section 3.2, `Administrative and legal channels for challenging violations of anti-discrimination legislation'); and
Acest sfat este dat ôn forma unei ¶decizii prealabile•; (A se vedea mai departe Contextul Naﾞional Secﾞiu-nea 3.2 › Cｭi administrative ﾙi legale pentru contestarea ôncｭlcｭrilor legislaﾞiei anti-discri-minare) n฀Proceduri ôn cazul neôndeplinirii unei obligaﾞii: Comisia sau statele membre pot iniﾞia aceste proceduri ôn cazul ôn care au motive sｭ creadｭ cｭ un stat membru nu ôﾙi ôndepli-neﾙte obligaﾞiile conform legislaﾞiei UE; (A se vedea mai departe Contextul Naﾞional Secﾞiunea 3.2 › Cｭi administrative ﾙi legale pentru contestarea ôncｭlcｭrilor legislaﾞiei anti-discriminare) ﾙi n฀Recursuri ôn interesul legii numai ômpotriva motivｭrilor date prin deciziile instituﾞiilor UE de cｭtre Tribunalul de Primｭ Instanﾞｭ, creat ôn 1989, cu sediul tot la Luxembourg pentru a uﾙura munca CEJ aglomeratｭ de cazuri s Hotｭrérile sunt luate cu majoritate de voturi.
† Decisions are reached by majority. There are no dissenting opinions; judgments are signed by all the judges who took part in the deliberations and are read in open court.
Nu existｭ posibilitatea exprimｭrii opiniilor separate; hotｭrérile sunt semnate de toﾞi judecｭtorii care au luat parte la deliberｭri ﾙi sunt citite ôn ﾙedinﾞｭ publicｭ.
General principles and sources of EU law
Principiile generale ﾙi sursele legislaﾞiei UE
The EU must act within the limits of its powers as set out in the Treaties.
UE trebuie sｭ acﾞioneze ôn limitele puterilor stabilite prin tratate.
The principle of subsidi-arity regulates the lawfulness of the exercise of competence: in areas which do not fall within its exclusive competence (i.e. where competence is shared with the Member States) the EU can only take action if the objectives of that action cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States.
Principiul subsidiaritｭﾞii regle-menteazｭ legalitatea exercitｭrii competenﾞelor: ôn cazurile ôn care domeniile nu sunt de compe-tenﾞa exclusivｭ a UE (ex. cénd competenﾞa este ômpｭrﾞitｭ cu statele membre) aceasta poate sｭ acﾞioneze numai dacｭ obiectivele acﾞiunii nu pot fi ôndeplinite ôn mod suficient de cｭtre statele membre.
In cases of conflict, EU law is supreme over national law.
Ôn cazurile de conflict, legislaﾞia UE este preeminentｭ legii naﾞionale, ôn scopul de a asigura unifor-mitatea legislaﾞiei UE ﾙi interpretarea ei ôn mod uniform la nivelul instanﾞelor naﾞionale.
This is to ensure the uniformity of EU law and its interpretation by the national courts.
Curtea Europeanｭ de Justiﾞie a susﾞinut cｭ UE constituie o nouｭ ordine juridicｭ.
The ECJ has held that the EU constitutes a new legal order for whose benefit the Member States have limited their sovereign rights, and that a nation-al court is under a duty to give full effect to provisions of EU law even if this means refusing to apply conflicting national law, whether adopted prior or subsequent to the particular piece of EU legislation.
Ôn acest scop, statele membre care beneficiazｭ aceastｭ nouｭ ordine ﾙi-au limitat suveranitatea, iar instanﾞele de judeca-
† primary sources: the Treaties between the Member States, and agreements with third coun-tries;
Izvoarele (sursele) legislaﾞiei UE pot fi ômpｭrﾞite ôn 3 categorii: s Surse primare: tratatele dintre statele membre ﾙi acordurile cu statele terﾞe.
† secondary sources: regulations, directives, decisions, recommendations and opinions;
s Surse secundare: regulamente, directive, decizii, recomandｭri ﾙi opinii.
† other sources: general principles of EU law developed through the case-law of the ECJ, and `soft law' (e.g. guidelines and resolutions).
s Alte surse: principiile generale ale legislaﾞiei UE dezvoltate prin jurisprudenﾞa Curﾞii Europene de Justiﾞie ﾙi ¶soft law• (ex. ghiduri ﾙi rezoluﾞii).
† The EC Treaty and Protocols, as amended by the Merger Treaty, 1965, and the Acts of Accession (1972: United Kingdom, Ireland, Denmark; 1979: Greece; 1985: Spain, Portugal; 1995: Austria, Finland, Sweden; 2003: Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia; 2005, Bulgaria, Romania).
T r a t a t e l e s฀Tratatul privind Comunitｭﾞile Europene ﾙi Protocoalele sale, modificat prin Tratatul de Fuziune 1965 ﾙi Tratatele de Aderare (1972: UK, Irlanda, Danemarca; 1979: Grecia; 1985: Spania, Portu-galia; 1995: Austria, Finlanda, Suedia; 2003: Cipru, Republica Cehｭ, Estonia, Ungaria, Letonia, Lituania, Malta, Polonia, Slovacia, Slovenia; 2005, Bulgaria, Roménia) s฀Tratatul Euratom s฀Actul Unic European 1986 s฀Tratatul privind Uniunea Europeanｭ (de la Maastricht)1992 s฀Tratatul de la Amsterdam 1998 s฀Tratatul de la Nisa 2000
Secondary sources
Surse secundare
Article 249 of the EC Treaty states:
Articolul 249 din TCE statueazｭ:
It shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
El este obligatoriu ôn ôntre-gime ﾙi direct aplicabil tuturor statelor membre.
A directive shall be binding, as to the result to be achieved, upon each Member State to which it is addressed, but shall leave to the national authorities the choice of form and methods.
O directivｭ este obligatorie ôn ce priveﾙte rezultatul ce trebuie obﾞinut, ôn ce priveﾙte fiecare stat membru cｭruia ôi este adresatｭ, ônsｭ acestea au dreptul de a alege formele ﾙi metodele de obﾞinere a rezultatului.
A decision shall be binding in its entirety upon those to whom it is addressed.
O decizie este obligatorie ôn ôntregime cu privire la cei cｭrora le este adre-satｭ.
Recommendations and opinions shall have no binding force.'
Recomandｭrile ﾙi opiniile nu au forﾞｭ obligatorie.•
† Directly applicable: come into force by virtue of their publication in the Official Journal of the European Union, from the date specified in them, or in the absence thereof, from the 20th day following that of their publication.
D e c i z i i l e s Forﾞｭ obligatorie s Ônsｭ numai celor cｭrora le sunt adresate, ex. o firmｭ care a ôncｭlcat regulile concurenﾞei s Poate fi invocatｭ ôn instanﾞele de judecatｭ naﾞionale de cｭtre indivizi
† Member States must ensure that they adopt implementing measures before the expiry of the deadline so that national law reflects the terms of the directive ̌ this process is called trans-posing the directive.
Consiliul Europei a fost creat la sférﾙitul celui de-al Doilea Rｭzboi Mondial ôn scopul de a promova unitatea Europei, de a promova drepturile omului ﾙi de a facilita progresul social ﾙi economic.
† Before the expiry of the time period, directives cannot be relied upon in national courts.
Este compus din 46 de state membre, inclusiv toate statele membre ale UE ﾙi statele candidate.
† Once the time period has expired, they can be relied upon in national courts by individuals but only against the State or agents of the State and if certain conditions are met (see below, point 1.6).
La data redactｭrii prezentului manual (aprilie 2005) dintre cele 13 state implicate ôn acest proiect, doar Cipru a ratificat Proto-colul ﾙi prin urmare este obligat sｭ ôl respecte.
Combating discrimination › A training manual
Ôn continuare, articolul 13 din TCE statueazｭ:
† Equality/non-discrimination (see further, point 1.3, below).
Natura programelor existente va fi ôn mare parte neschimbatｭ.
The Council of Europe was created at the end of the Second World War for the purpose of promot-ing European unity, protecting human rights and facilitating social and economic progress.
A discrimina ônseamnｭ a diferenﾞia sau a trata diferit douｭ persoane sau douｭ situaﾞii, atunci cénd nu existｭ o distincﾞie relevantｭ ôntre acestea sau de a trata ôntr-o manierｭ identicｭ situaﾞii care sunt ôn fapt diferite.
It has 46 Member States, including all EU Member States and candidate countries.
Cele douｭ directive anti-discriminare interzic atét discriminarea directｭ, cét ﾙi discri-minarea indirectｭ ﾙi dau aceeaﾙi definiﾞie a discriminｭrii.
The Council of Europe created the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The European Court of Human Rights is based in Strasbourg, and oversees the implementation of the Convention.
Discriminarea directｭ intervine atunci cénd o persoanｭ este tratatｭ mai puﾞin favorabil decét o altｭ persoanｭ este, a fost sau ar fi tratatｭ ôntr-o situaﾞie comparabilｭ, pe baza oricｭrui criteriu pentru care discriminarea este interzisｭ.
Article 14 of the Convention provides some protection against discrimination, as does the 12th Protocol to the Convention which entered into force on 1 April 2005.
Numai ôn condiﾞii-le ôn care aceste douｭ situaﾞii sunt aceleaﾙi sau similare, comparaﾞia poate avea loc.
At the time of writing this manual (April 2005), out of the 13 countries involved in the present project, only Cyprus has rati-fied and will therefore be bound by the 12th Protocol.
Uneori este imposibil sｭ gｭseﾙti un termen de comparaﾞie care sｭ existe ôn realitate, ôn aceastｭ situaﾞie se poate face referire la un termen de comparaﾞie ipotetic, chiar dacｭ existｭ circumstanﾞe diferite (ex. cineva dintr-o religie majoritarｭ ôn comparaﾞie cu o religie minoritarｭ ).
The principle of non-discrimination is a general principle of EU law.
Directivele interzic de asemenea discriminarea indirectｭ.
The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights was solemnly proclaimed in December 2000 and is as of yet not legally binding.
Ca ﾙi ôn cazul discriminｭrii directe, identificarea unui element de comparaﾞie poate fi dificilｭ.
`Any discrimination based on any ground such as sex, race, colour, ethnic or social origin, genetic features, language, religion or belief, political or any other opinion, membership of a national minority, property, birth, dis-ability, age or sexual orientation shall be prohibited.'
Un alt exemplu poate fi o prevede-re aparent neutrｭ din codul vestimentar intern al unei companii care solicitｭ o vestimentaﾞie obli-gatorie care exclude o persoanｭ sau un grup de persoane.
`Without prejudice to the other provisions of this Treaty and within the limits of the powers conferred by it upon the Community, the Council, act-ing unanimously on a proposal from the Commission and after consulting the European Parliament, may take appropriate action to combat discrim-ination based on sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation.'
De exemplu, cerinﾞa unui grad ônalt de cunoaﾙtere ﾙi fluenﾞｭ ôntr-o limbｭ poate fi justificatｭ ôn anumi-te cazuri de cｭtre angajatori, dacｭ locul de muncｭ respectiv presupune sarcini a cｭror ôndeplinire presupune ôn mod absolut necesar aceste aptitudini, de ex. profesor de gramaticｭ sau de literaturｭ. Ônsｭ dacｭ locul de muncｭ respectiv presupune muncｭ fizicｭ, o astfel de cerinﾞｭ este foarte puﾞin pro-babil sｭ fie justificatｭ (a se vedea › cerinﾞe ocupaﾞionale determinante › mai jos la 1.4).
This is not a direct prohibition, but rather an empowering provision which enables the EU to take action against the forms of discrimination listed (see `General principles' above).
Hｭrﾞuirea este definitｭ ca fiind un comportament nedorit ôn legｭturｭ cu un criteriu de discriminare, care are ca scop sau efect violarea demnitｭﾞii personale a persoanei sau crearea unui cadru intimidant, ostil, degradant, umi-litor sau ofensiv, ôn mod intenﾞionat sau neintenﾞionat.
Prior to these developments, there was extensive EU legislation and case-law on the prohibition of discrimina-tion on grounds of nationality and gender.
Dupｭ cum se poate observa, definiﾞia discriminｭrii include o gamｭ largｭ de comportamente nedorite.
The EU has, pursuant to Article 13, put in place a three-part strategy to combat discrimination.
Atunci cénd se analizeazｭ dacｭ o hｭrﾞuire a avut loc, nu este necesarｭ identificarea unui element comparativ.
† A directive to implement equal treatment irrespective of racial or ethnic origin (Council Directive 2000/43/EC).
Directivele prevｭd de asemenea ordinul de a discrimina ca formｭ de discriminare, de asemenea interzisｭ.
† A directive establishing a framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation on the grounds of religion or belief, disability, age and sexual orientation (Council Directive 2000/78/EC).
Ôn cele din urmｭ, Directivele includ victimizarea ca unul din actele interzise.
‹ to assist in analysing and evaluating the extent and nature of discrimination in the EU and the effectiveness of measures to combat it;
Prin aceastｭ prevedere se doreﾙte protecﾞia nu numai a persoanei discriminate, ci ﾙi a celor care pot oferi probe utile ôn procedura anti-discrimi-nare sau care sunt ôntr-un fel sau altul implicaﾞi ôn aceastｭ procedurｭ.
Definition of discrimination
Persoanele cｭrora li se aplicｭ Directivele
To discriminate means to differentiate or to treat differently when there is no relevant difference between two persons or situations, or to treat in an identical way situations which are in fact dif-ferent.
Directivele interzic discriminarea sｭvérﾙitｭ de persoane fizice sau juridice din sectorul public sau privat.
The two anti-discrimination directives, which provide the basis for this training, prohibit both direct and indirect discrimination and provide the same definition of discrimination.
Aceasta ônseamnｭ cｭ un individ proprietar al unei firme are aceeaﾙi obligaﾞie de a nu discri-mina la fel ca o companie privatｭ mare, corporaﾞie, municipalitate sau autoritate publicｭ.
Direct discrimination has occurred if one person is treated less favourably than another is, has been or would be treated in a comparable situation, on any of the grounds on which discrimi-nation is prohibited.
Directivele protejeazｭ ômpotriva discriminｭrii indivizii, adicｭ persoanele fizice. Ôn plus, Directiva Rasialｭ (2000/43/CE) prevede cｭ protecﾞia ômpotriva discriminｭrii trebuie sｭ se aplice ﾙi faﾞｭ de organizaﾞiile care au statut de persoanｭ juridicｭ, atunci cénd organizaﾞia este discriminatｭ pentru cｭ un membru al sｭu are o anumitｭ rasｭ sau origine etnicｭ.
You need to find someone whose situation you can compare to the situation of the person who claims to be a victim of discrimination. Only if these are in the same or similar situations can the comparison take place.
Ôn consecinﾞｭ, un cetｭﾞean ucrainean care a fost discriminat ôn Ungaria pe criteriul originii etnice, dizabilitｭﾞii sau orientｭrii sexuale este apｭrat ôn acelaﾙi fel ca ﾙi un cetｭﾞean maghiar.
Sometimes it will be impossible to iden-tify an available actual comparator, and a case can then be made for a hypothetical comparator.
Direc-tivele exclud ôn mod expres discriminarea pe criteriul cetｭﾞenie, prin urmare, dacｭ se produce o discriminare pentru cｭ eﾙti romén sau pentru cｭ nu eﾙti maghiar, Directivele nu se aplicｭ (a se vedea Directiva Rasialｭ (2000/43/CE), punctul 13 ﾙi art.
This should build on the treatment of a real person without the relevant characteristics (e.g. some-one from a mainstream religion as opposed to from a minority religion) in slightly different circum-stances.
3.2; Directiva privind relaﾞiile de muncｭ (2000/78/CE) punctul 12 ﾙi art. 3.2).
However, once it has been established that two people in the same or similar situation have been treated differently, it would be hard to show that this difference was permissible.
Ôn afara directivelor anti-discriminare existｭ desigur prevederile Tratatului UE ôn materia libertｭﾞii de miﾙcare a persoanelor ôn cadrul UE.
The directives provide for certain narrowly and precisely drawn exceptions.
Acesta prevede o anumitｭ protecﾞie ômpotriva discriminｭrii
(which is not covered by the directives but by other provisions of EU law) is that of a substantial difference in pay between full-time and part-time workers, where the part-time workers are exclu-sively or predominantly female.
Combaterea discriminｭrii › Manual de pregｭtire s Fixarea unei vérste minime de angajare, bazatｭ pe cerinﾞele de pregｭtire pentru un anumit post sau de nevoia de a avea o perioadｭ rezonabilｭ de timp ônainte de a se pensiona.
Another example can be an apparently neutral provision in a company's internal rules requesting a particular dress code if this dress code leads to the exclusion of a person or a group of persons.
Orice excepﾞie de acest gen trebuie ôn continuare ônsｭ sｭ ôndeplineascｭ condiﾞia de a fi justificatｭ obiec-tiv ﾙi rezonabil de un scop legitim precum: politica de ocupare a forﾞei de muncｭ, piaﾞa forﾞei de muncｭ, condiﾞii de pregｭtire, iar mijloacele de atingere a acestui scop sｭ fie adecvate ﾙi necesare.
If the job in question involves tasks where these skills are absolutely necessary, for example, for a language teacher or professor of literature, the employer is likely to be justified in demanding them.
Dacｭ anumite grupuri nu au fost niciodatｭ angajate pentru a realiza anumite tipuri de muncｭ, atunci acﾞiuni pozitive ar putea ôncuraja persoane din aceste grupuri sｭ se pregｭteascｭ pentru acele tipuri de munci sau profesii.
However, if the job involves manual labour, such a requirement is unlikely to be justifiable (see more on genuine and occupational require-ments below in point 1.4).
Aceasta presupune de asemenea luarea unor mｭsuri ôn plus, planificate, concentrate pentru a ôncuraja membrii unor astfel de grupuri sｭ aplice, oferindu-le ajutorul necesar ôn acest sens.
The directives also provide that harassment is a form of discrimination.
Adaptarea rezonabilｭ pentru persoanele cu dizabilitｭﾞi
Harassment is defined as unwanted conduct related to the grounds on which discrimination is prohibited with the purpose or effect of violating the dignity of a person and of creating an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment intended or not. As is clear, the definition of harassment includes a wide range of unwanted conduct.
Art.5 din Directiva privind relaﾞiile de muncｭ (2000/78/CE) cere angajatorilor sｭ ia mｭsurile adec-vate ﾙi necesare ôn cazurile particulare, pentru a permite persoanelor cu dizabilitｭﾞi sｭ aibｭ acces, sｭ participe sau sｭ promoveze ôn relaﾞiile de muncｭ sau sｭ aibｭ acces la training, cu excepﾞia cazu-lui ôn care luarea unor astfel de mｭsuri ar presupune ¶eforturi disproporﾞionale• din partea angaja-tului.
When making an assessment of whether harassment has taken place, a comparator does not need to be identified.
De exemplu: s Pentru a permite unei persoane cu deficienﾞe de auz sｭ aibｭ acces la training, angajatul trebuie sｭ ôi asigure un interpret.
The directives further state that an instruction to discriminate should be considered as a form of discrimination and is prohibited.
s Dacｭ dupｭ un accident de muncｭ, un angajat care presteazｭ o muncｭ fizicｭ este inapt pentru postul respectiv, angajatorul trebuie sｭ ôi ofere instruirea necesarｭ ﾙi un loc de muncｭ adecvat, la birou.
Finally, the directives include victimisation under the list of prohibited acts.
Daca angajatorul are birouri ﾙi la etajul inferior, acesta trebuie sｭ ôi ofere un spaﾞiu de lucru la acest etaj ﾙi sｭ mute un angajat care poate folosi scｭrile.
The Member States need to put in place measures that are necessary to protect individuals from any adverse treat-ment (such as dismissal) as a reaction to a complaint or proceedings aimed at enforcing compli-ance with the principle of equal treatment.
Pe de altｭ parte, dacｭ angajatorul are birouri numai la etajul 4 ﾙi nu existｭ lift, este posibil sｭ nu existe mｭsuri rezonabile (fｭrｭ eforturi disproporﾞionate din partea angajatorului) pentru a permite accesul acestei persoane la respectivul loc de muncｭ.
It is important that not only the person who has been discriminated against is protected, but also those who provide evidence as part of a discrimination complaint, or are involved in some other way in the complaint.
s Pentru a permite unei persoane cu deficienﾞe de vedere sｭ foloseascｭ un céine ônsoﾞitor pentru a ajunge la locul de muncｭ mai repede, angajatorul ar putea sｭ-i schimbe programul de lucru ôn aﾙa fel ôncét sｭ cｭlｭtoreascｭ ôn orele de vérf.
Combating discrimination › A training manual
Organele specializate
She race directive (2000/43/EC), Article 3, provides much wider protection against discrimination and includes the following:
Numai ôn Directiva Rasialｭ (2000/43/CE) existｭ o dispoziﾞie privind obligaﾞia fiecｭrui stat membru de a desemna o autoritate pentru promovarea egalitｭﾞii de tratament.
† access to employment, self-employment and occupation (including promotion);
Statele membre trebuie sｭ raporteze cｭtre UE asupra aplicｭrii Directivei Rasiale (2000/43/CE) pénｭ pe 19 iulie 2005 ﾙi a Directivei privind relaﾞiile de muncｭ (2000/78/CE) pénｭ pe 2 decembrie 2005, precum ﾙi la fiecare 5 ani.
† employment and working conditions, including dismissal and pay;
Sancﾞionarea discriminｭrii trebuie sｭ fie ¶efectivｭ, proporﾞionalｭ ﾙi sｭ descurajeze•.
† access to and supply of goods and services which are available to the public, including hous-ing.
Sancﾞiunile pot cuprinde plata unei despｭgubiri, pentru care nu poate fi impusｭ o limitｭ superioarｭ.
The directives prohibit discrimination by natural or legal persons in the public sector and the pri-vate sector.
Ôn unele state membre inversarea sarci-nii probei nu se aplicｭ procedurilor de investigaﾞie.
This means that an individual owner of a business has the same responsibility not to discriminate on any of the protected grounds as does a large private corporation, a municipality or a government department.
De asemenea este important de ﾙtiut cｭ inver-sarea sarcinii probei nu se aplicｭ numai ôn procedurile judecｭtoreﾙti dar ﾙi ôn faﾞa oricｭrui autoritｭ-ﾞi competente (de ex. autoritｭﾞilor administrative).
The directives protect individuals, that is, natural persons, against discrimination.
Cel mai citat caz este Enderby v. Frenchay Health Authority and the Secretary of State for Health, C-127/92.
Additionally the directives provide that protection against discrimination should also apply to an organisation that has the status of legal person where the organisation suffers discrimination on grounds of the racial or ethnic origin of its members, where this accords with national traditions and practice.
Sarcina probei nu se inverseazｭ imediat ce se introduce o pléngere privind o faptｭ de discriminare, ci numai dupｭ ce persoana care pretinde cｭ a fost discriminatｭ demonstreazｭ existenﾞa unor fapte de pe urma cｭrora se poate prezuma cｭ a exis-tat un act de discriminare. Ôn ce constau aceste fapte, este o problemｭ care depinde de legislaﾞia naﾞionalｭ ﾙi de jurisprudenﾞｭ.
The directives protect any person who is present in a Member State against discrimination on any of the prohibited grounds (racial or ethnic origin, disability, religion or belief, sexual orientation and age) regardless of the person's nationality.
Directivele se referｭ la discriminare ¶pe criterii precum• origine rasialｭ sau etnicｭ, religie sau cre-dinﾞｭ, dizabilitate, orientare sexualｭ ﾙi vérstｭ.
Thus a person of Ukrainian nationality who is discriminated against in Hungary on grounds of ethnic origin or disability or sexual orientation is protected in the same way as Hungarian nationals in Hungary who experience such discrimina-tion.
Jurisprudenﾞa ﾙi legislaﾞia naﾞionalｭ care transpune directivele ôn state ca Marea Britanie a clarificat ôn general ce ônseamnｭ ¶pe criterii precum• › ôn situaﾞii ôn care victima prezintｭ ôn mod real caracteristicile respective sau este perceputｭ ca deﾞi-
Distinct from the anti-discrimination directives there is, of course, the EU Treaty right to freedom of movement of persons across the EU, which provides some protection against nationality dis-crimination for citizens of EU Member States and their families.
Concepte cheie nénd acele caracteristici sau este asociatｭ cu persoane prezenténd aceste caracteristici.
As the purpose of the directives is to provide a framework for combating discrimination, the direc-tives permit discrimination only very exceptionally and only where certain tests are satisfied.
Ôn consecinﾞｭ, un reclamant care nu demonstreazｭ ôn instanﾞｭ cｭ este rrom, rromi, poate ôn acelaﾙi timp sｭ susﾞinｭ cｭ a fost discriminat pe temeiul presupusei sale origini etnice.