natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
As an alternative the blower linear air speed shall be at least 6 m/s (21,6 km/h).
ÎNTREȚINEREA ȘI REGLAJELE VEHICULELOR
At the request of the manufacturer, for special vehicles (e.g. vans, off-road) the height of the cooling fan may be modified.
Întreținerea, reglajele, precum și utilizarea comenzilor vehiculului de încercare vor fi cele recomandate de producător.
The vehicle speed as measured from the dynamometer roll(s) shall be used (paragraph 1.2.6 of Appendix 1 to Annex 4a to this Regulation).
FUNCȚIONAREA VEHICULELOR PE PISTĂ, PE DRUM SAU PE STANDUL DINAMOMETRIC
Reserved
Ciclul de funcționare
Preliminary testing cycles may be carried out if necessary, to determine how best to actuate the accelerator and brake controls so as to achieve a cycle approximating to the theoretical cycle within the prescribed limits, or to permit sampling system adjustment.
În cadrul funcționării pe drum sau pe standul dinamometric, distanța trebuie parcursă în conformitate cu programul de conducere (figura A9/1) descris mai jos:
Such driving shall be carried out before ‘START’ according to Figure A8/1.
Programul încercării de anduranță este compus din 11 cicluri de câte 6 km.
Humidity in the air shall be kept low enough to prevent condensation on the dynamometer roll(s).
În timpul primelor nouă cicluri, se oprește vehiculul de patru ori în mijlocul ciclului, lăsând de fiecare dată motorul la ralanti timp de 15 secunde.
The dynamometer shall be thoroughly warmed as recommended by the dynamometer manufacturer, and using procedures or control methods that assure stability of the residual frictional power.
Accelerare și decelerare normale.
The time between dynamometer warming and the start of the emission test shall be no longer than 10 minutes if the dynamometer bearings are not independently heated.
Cinci decelerări în mijlocul fiecărui ciclu, trecând de la viteza ciclului la 32 km/h, și o nouă accelerare progresivă, până la viteza ciclului.
If the dynamometer bearings are independently heated, the emission test shall begin no longer than 20 minutes after dynamometer warming.
Al zecelea ciclu se efectuează cu o viteză constantă de 89 km/h.
If the dynamometer power is to be adjusted manually, it shall be set within 1 hour prior to the exhaust emission test phase.
Al unsprezecelea ciclu începe printr-o accelerare maximă de la viteza nulă până la viteza de 113 km/h.
The dynamometer, using automatic control of pre-selectable power settings, may be set at any time prior to the beginning of the emission test.
Această etapă este urmată de o fază de ralanti de 15 secunde și de o a doua accelerare maximă.
Before the emission test driving schedule may begin, the test cell temperature shall be 266 K (– 7 °C) ± 2 K, as measured in the air stream of the cooling fan with a maximum distance of 1,5 m from the vehicle.
Acest program este apoi reluat.
During operation of the vehicle the heating and defrosting devices shall be shut off.
Viteza maximă a fiecărui ciclu este indicată în tabelul A9/1.
The total driving distance or roller revolutions measured are recorded.
Tabelul A9/1
A four-wheel drive vehicle shall be tested in a two-wheel drive mode of operation.
Viteza maximă a ciclurilor
The determination of the total road force for dynamometer setting is performed while operating the vehicle in its primary designed driving mode.
Ciclul
Performing the test
Viteza ciclului în km/h
The provisions of paragraph 6.4, excluding 6.4.1.2, of Annex 4a to this Regulation apply in respect of starting the engine, carrying out the test and taking the emission samples.
Figura A9/1
The sampling begins before or at the initiation of the engine start-up procedure and ends on conclusion of the final idling period of the last elementary cycle of the Part One (urban driving cycle), after 780 seconds.
Oprire, apoi accelerare până la viteza impusă
The first driving cycle starts with a period of 11 seconds idling as soon as the engine has started.
Decelerare până la 32 km/h, apoi accelerare până la viteza impusă
For the analysis of the sampled emissions the provisions of paragraph 6.5, excluding paragraph 6.5.2, of Annex 4a to this Regulation apply.
Decelerare până la 32 km/h, apoi accelerare până la viteza impusă
In performing the exhaust sample analysis the Technical Service shall exercise care to prevent condensation of water vapour in the exhaust gas sampling bags.
Pornire - Oprire
For the calculations of the mass emissions the provisions of paragraph 6.6 of Annex 4a to this Regulation apply.
Încercarea de durabilitate sau încercarea de durabilitate modificată, aleasă eventual de producător, trebuie realizată până când vehiculul a parcurs cel puțin 160000 km.
OTHER REQUIREMENTS
Echipamente de încercare
Irrational emission control strategy
Atunci când încercarea de durabilitate se efectuează pe standul dinamometric, acesta trebuie să permită realizarea ciclului descris la punctul 6.1 din prezenta anexă.
Any irrational emission control strategy which results in a reduction in effectiveness of the emission control system under normal operating conditions at low temperature driving, so far as not covered by the standardised emission tests, may be considered a defeat device.
El trebuie în special să fie prevăzut cu un sistem care simulează inerția și rezistența la înaintare.
ANNEX 9
Frâna trebuie reglată pentru a absorbi puterea exercitată asupra roților motoare la viteza constantă de 80 km/h.
TYPE V TEST
Metodele care se aplică pentru a determina această putere și pentru a regla frâna sunt identice cu cele descrise în apendicele 7 la anexa 4a la prezentul regulament.
(Description of the endurance test for verifying the durability of pollution control devices)
Sistemul de răcire a vehiculului este de așa natură încât permite funcționarea vehiculului la temperaturi similare celor înregistrate pe drum (ulei, apă, sistem de evacuare etc.).
The whole vehicle durability test represents an ageing test of 160000 km.
Încercarea pe pistă sau pe drum
This test is to be performed driven on a test track, on the road, or on a chassis dynamometer.
Atunci când încercarea privind durabilitatea se realizează pe pistă sau pe drum, masa de referință a vehiculului va fi cel puțin egală cu cea înregistrată pentru încercările realizate pe standul dinamometric.
The manufacturer may choose to use a bench ageing durability test.
MĂSURAREA EMISIILOR DE GAZE POLUANTE
The technical requirements for this test are set out in paragraph 2.2 of this annex.
La începutul încercării (0 km) și la fiecare 10000 km (± 400 km) sau mai frecvent, la intervale regulate până la parcurgerea a 160000 km, se realizează o măsurare a emisiilor de gaze de evacuare în conformitate cu încercarea de tipul I, conform ciclului descris la punctul 5.3.1 din prezentul regulament.
As an alternative to durability testing, a manufacturer may choose to apply the assigned deterioration factors from Table 3 in paragraph 5.3.6.2 of this Regulation.
Limitele care trebuie respectate sunt cele de la punctul 5.3.1.4 din prezentul regulament.
At the request of the manufacturer, the Technical Service may carry out the Type I test before the whole vehicle or bench ageing durability test has been completed using the assigned deterioration factors in Table 3 in paragraph 5.3.6.2 of this Regulation.
În cazul vehiculelor echipate cu sisteme cu regenerare periodică, astfel cum sunt definite la punctul 2.20 din prezentul regulament, se verifică dacă vehiculului nu atinge perioada de regenerare.
On completion of the whole vehicle or bench ageing durability test, the Technical Service may then amend the type approval results recorded in Annex 2 to this Regulation by replacing the assigned deterioration factors in the above table with those measured in the whole vehicle or bench ageing durability test.
În cazul în care, în timpul măsurării emisiilor, are loc o regenerare, se efectuează o nouă încercare (inclusiv precondiționarea), primele rezultate nefiind luate în considerare.
Deterioration factors are determined using either the procedures set out in paragraphs 1.2 and 1.3 of this annex or using the assigned values in the table referred in paragraph 1.4 of this annex.
Se trasează diagrama tuturor rezultatelor emisiilor de evacuare în funcție de distanța parcursă, rotunjite la kilometrul cel mai apropiat, precum și dreapta de regresie corespunzătoare, calculată prin metoda celor mai mici pătrate.
The deterioration factors are used to establish compliance with the requirements of the appropriate emissions limits set out in Table 1 in paragraph 5.3.1.4 of this Regulation during the useful life of the vehicle.
La calcularea dreptei de regresie nu se ține seama de încercările la 0 km.
TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
Datele se iau în considerare la calcularea factorului de deteriorare doar în cazul în care punctele de interpolare la 6400 km și la 160000 km de pe această dreaptă se încadrează în limitele menționate anterior.
As an alternative to the operating cycle described in paragraph 6.1 for the whole vehicle durability test, the vehicle manufacturer may use Standard Road Cycle (SRC) described in Appendix 3 to this annex.
Datele rămân valabile atunci când dreapta de regresie depășește o limită sau în cazul în care dreapta de regresie depășește o limită cu o pantă negativă (punctul de interpolare la 6400 km este mai ridicat decât punctul de interpolare la 160000 km), punctul exact la 160000 km fiind mai mic decât limitele.
This test cycle shall be conducted until the vehicle has covered a minimum of 160000 km.
Se calculează un factor de deteriorare multiplicator pentru emisiile de gaze de evacuare pentru fiecare gaz poluant, după cum urmează:
Bench ageing durability test
masa gazului poluant emis i, în grame pe km, interpolată la 6400 km;
In addition to the requirements for the bench ageing test set out in paragraph 1.3 of this annex, the technical requirements set out in this paragraph 2 shall apply.
masa gazului poluant emis i, în grame pe km, interpolată la 160000 km.
The fuel to be used during the test shall be the one specified in paragraph 4 of this annex.
Valorile interpolate trebuie înregistrate cu cel puțin patru cifre după virgulă, înainte de a fi împărțite una la alta pentru a determina factorul de deteriorare.
The bench ageing durability test to be used shall be the one appropriate to the type of engine, as detailed in paragraphs 2.3.1 and 2.3.2 of this annex.
Rezultatul trebuie să fie rotunjit la trei cifre după virgulă.
Vehicles with positive ignition engines
În cazul în care un factor de deteriorare este mai mic decât 1, trebuie considerat egal cu 1.
The following bench ageing procedure shall be applicable for positive ignition vehicles including hybrid vehicles which use a catalyst as the principle after-treatment emission control device.
La cererea producătorului, se calculează un factor de deteriorare aditiv pentru emisiile de gaze de evacuare pentru fiecare gaz poluant, după cum urmează:
The bench ageing procedure requires the installation of the catalyst-plus-oxygen sensor system on a catalyst ageing bench.
ANEXA 10
Ageing on the bench shall be conducted by following the SBC for the period of time calculated from the Bench Ageing Time (BAT) equation.
SPECIFICAȚIILE COMBUSTIBILILOR DE REFERINȚĂ
The BAT equation requires, as input, catalyst time-at-temperature data measured on the SRC, described in Appendix 3 of this annex.
SPECIFICAȚIILE COMBUSTIBILILOR DE REFERINȚĂ PENTRU ÎNCERCAREA VEHICULELOR ÎN FUNCȚIE DE LIMITELE PENTRU EMISII
SBC.
Date tehnice ale combustibililor de referință folosiți la încercarea vehiculelor echipate cu motoare cu aprindere prin scânteie
Standard catalyst bench ageing shall be conducted following the SBC.
Tip: Benzină (E5)
The SBC shall be run for the period of time calculated from the BAT equation.
Parametru
The SBC is described in Appendix 1 to this annex.
Unitate
Catalyst time-at-temperature data.
Limite [1]
Catalyst temperature shall be measured during at least two full cycles of the SRC cycle as described in Appendix 3 to this annex.
Metoda de încercare
Catalyst temperature shall be measured at the highest temperature location in the hottest catalyst on the test vehicle.
Minimă
Alternatively, the temperature may be measured at another location providing that it is adjusted to represent the temperature measured at the hottest location using good engineering judgement.
Maximă
Catalyst temperature shall be measured at a minimum rate of one hertz (one measurement per second).
Cifra octanică determinată prin metoda „cercetare”, COR
The measured catalyst temperature results shall be tabulated into a histogram with temperature groups of no larger than 25 °C.
Cifra octanică determinată prin metoda „motor”, MON
The Bench Ageing Time (BAT) shall be calculated using the BAT equation as follows:
Densitatea la 15 °C
te for a temperature bin = th e((R/Tr)-(R/Tv))
Presiunea vaporilor
Total te = Sum of te over all the temperature groups
Conținut de apă
Bench Ageing Time = A (Total te)
Distilare:
A 1,1 This value adjusts the catalyst ageing time to account for deterioration from sources other than thermal ageing of the catalyst.
Evaporată la 70 °C
R Catalyst thermal reactivity = 17500
Evaporată la 100 °C
th The time (in hours) measured within the prescribed temperature bin of the vehicle's catalyst temperature histogram adjusted to a full useful life basis, e.g. if the histogram represented 400 km, and useful life is 160000 km; all histogram time entries would be multiplied by 400 (160000/400).
Evaporată la 150 °C
Total te The equivalent time (in hours) to age the catalyst at the temperature of Tr on the catalyst ageing bench using the catalyst ageing cycle to produce the same amount of deterioration experienced by the catalyst due to thermal deactivation over the 160000 km.
Punct final de fierbere
te for a bin The equivalent time (in hours) to age the catalyst at the temperature of Tr on the catalyst ageing bench using the catalyst ageing cycle to produce the same amount of deterioration experienced by the catalyst due to thermal deactivation at the temperature bin of Tv over 160000 km.
Reziduu
Tr The effective reference temperature (in K) of the catalyst on the catalyst bench run on the bench ageing cycle.
Analiza hidrocarburilor:
The effective temperature is the constant temperature that would result in the same amount of ageing as the various temperatures experienced during the bench ageing cycle.
olefine
Tv The mid-point temperature (in K) of the temperature bin of the vehicle on-road catalyst temperature histogram.
compuși aromatici
Effective reference temperature on the SBC.
benzen
The effective reference temperature of the SBC shall be determined for the actual catalyst system design and actual ageing bench which will be used using the following procedures:
acizi grași saturați
Measure time-at-temperature data in the catalyst system on the catalyst ageing bench following the SBC.
Raport
Catalyst temperature shall be measured at the highest temperature location of the hottest catalyst in the system.
Raport carbon/hidrogen
Alternatively, the temperature may be measured at another location providing that it is adjusted to represent the temperature measured at the hottest location.
Raport carbon/oxigen
Catalyst temperature shall be measured at a minimum rate of one hertz (one measurement per second) during at least 20 minutes of bench ageing.
Perioada de inducție [2]
The measured catalyst temperature results shall be tabulated into a histogram with temperature groups of no larger than 10 °C.
minute
The BAT equation shall be used to calculate the effective reference temperature by iterative changes to the reference temperature (Tr) until the calculated ageing time equals or exceeds the actual time represented in the catalyst temperature histogram.
Conținut de oxigen [3]
The resulting temperature is the effective reference temperature on the SBC for that catalyst system and ageing bench.
Conținut de gumă
Catalyst ageing bench.
Conținut de sulf [4]
The catalyst ageing bench shall follow the SBC and deliver the appropriate exhaust flow, exhaust constituents, and exhaust temperature at the face of the catalyst.
Corodarea cuprului
All bench ageing equipment and procedures shall record appropriate information (such as measured A/F ratios and time-at-temperature in the catalyst) to assure that sufficient ageing has actually occurred.
Clasa 1
Required testing.
Conținut de plumb
For calculating deterioration factors at least two Type I tests before bench ageing of the emission control hardware and at least two Type I tests after the bench-aged emission hardware is reinstalled have to be performed on the test vehicle.
Conținut de fosfor [5]
Additional testing may be conducted by the manufacturer.
Etanol [3]
Calculation of the deterioration factors has to be done according to the calculation method as specified in paragraph 7 of this annex.
Tip: Benzină (E10)
Vehicles with compression ignition engines
Limite [6]
The following bench ageing procedure is applicable for compression-ignition vehicles including hybrid vehicles.
Cifra octanică determinată prin metoda „cercetare”, COR [7]
The bench ageing procedure requires the installation of the after-treatment system on an after-treatment system ageing bench.
Cifra octanică determinată prin metoda „motor”, MON [7]
Ageing on the bench is conducted by following the Standard Diesel Bench Cycle (SDBC) for the number of regenerations/desulphurisations calculated from the Bench Ageing Duration (BAD) equation.
Presiunea vaporilor (DVPE)
Standard bench ageing is conducted following the SDBC.
max 0,05 max
The SDBC shall be run for the period of time calculated from the BAD equation.
Aspect la – 7 °C: limpede, cu luciu
The SDBC is described in Appendix 2 to this annex.
evaporată la 70 °C
Regeneration data.
evaporată la 100 °C
Regeneration intervals shall be measured during at least 10 full cycles of the SRC cycle as described in Appendix 3 to this annex.
evaporată la 150 °C
As an alternative the intervals from the Ki determination may be used.
punct final de fierbere
If applicable, desulphurisation intervals shall also be considered based on manufacturer's data.
olefine
Diesel bench ageing duration.
compuși aromatici
Bench ageing duration is calculated using the BAD equation as follows:
benzen
Bench ageing duration = number of regeneration and/or desulphurisation cycles (whichever is the longer) equivalent to 160000 km of driving.
acizi grași saturați
Ageing bench.
raport
The ageing bench shall follow the SDBC and deliver appropriate exhaust flow, exhaust constituents, and exhaust temperature to the after-treatment system inlet.
Perioada de inducție [8]
The manufacturer shall record the number of regenerations/desulphurisations (if applicable) to assure that sufficient ageing has actually occurred.
Conținut de oxigen [9]
For calculating deterioration factors at least two Type I tests before bench ageing of the emission control hardware and at least two Type I tests after the bench-aged emission hardware is reinstalled have to be performed.
Gumă curățată cu un solvent
Calculation of the deterioration factors shall be done according to the calculation method set out in paragraph 7 of this annex and with the additional requirements contained in this Regulation.
(conținut de gumă existent)
TEST VEHICLE
mg/100ml
The vehicle shall be in good mechanical order; the engine and the anti-pollution devices shall be new.
Conținut de sulf [10]
The vehicle may be the same as that presented for the Type I test; this Type I test has to be done after the vehicle has run at least 3000 km of the ageing cycle of paragraph 6.1 of this annex.
Corodarea cuprului 3h, 50 °C
FUEL
Conținut de fosfor [11]
VEHICLE MAINTENANCE AND ADJUSTMENTS
Tip: Etanol (E85)
Maintenance, adjustments as well as the use of the test vehicle's controls shall be those recommended by the manufacturer.
Limite [12]
VEHICLE OPERATION ON TRACK, ROAD OR ON CHASSIS DYNAMOMETER
Metodă de încercare [13]
Operating cycle
Densitatea la 15 °C
During operation on track, road or on roller test bench, the distance shall be covered according to the driving schedule (Figure A9/1) described below:
Conținut de sulf [14] [15]
The durability test schedule is composed of 11 cycles covering 6 kilometres each,
Stabilitate la oxidare
During the first nine cycles, the vehicle is stopped four times in the middle of the cycle, with the engine idling each time for 15 seconds,
Conținutul de gumă (curățare cu un solvent)
Normal acceleration and deceleration,
Aspect
Five decelerations in the middle of each cycle, dropping from cycle speed to 32 km/h, and the vehicle is gradually accelerated again until cycle speed is attained,
Acesta va fi determinat la temperatura ambientală sau la 15 °C, considerându-se valoarea mai ridicată.
The 10th cycle is carried out at a steady speed of 89 km/h,
Limpede și cu strălucire, în mod vizibil necontaminată cu materii în suspensie sau cu precipitate
The 11th cycle begins with maximum acceleration from stop point up to 113 km/h.
Inspecție vizuală
At half-way, braking is employed normally until the vehicle comes to a stop.
Etanol și alcooli superiori [18]
This is followed by an idle period of 15 seconds and a second maximum acceleration.
Alcooli superiori (C3 – C8)
The schedule is then restarted from the beginning.
Metanol
The maximum speed of each cycle is given in Table A9/1.
Benzină [16]
Table A9/1
Echilibru
Maximum speed of each cycle
Fosfor
Cycle
Conținut de cloruri anorganice
Cycle speed in km/h
Coroziunea lamei de cupru
Figure A9/1 Driving schedule 4.2 4.7
la 50 °C)
Stop then accelerate to lap speed
Evaluare
Decelerate to 32 km/h then accelerate to lap speed
Aciditate (ca acid acetic CH3COOH)
Stop then accelerate to lap speed 5.3
Raport carbon/oxigen
Decelerate to 32 km/h then accelerate to lap speed Stop then accelerate to lap speed 0 and 6 kilometers
Date tehnice ale combustibililor de referință folosiți la încercarea vehiculelor echipate cu motoare cu aprindere prin compresie
Start — Finish
Tip: Motorină (B5)
The durability test, or if the manufacturer has chosen, the modified durability test shall be conducted until the vehicle has covered a minimum of 160000 km.
Limite [19]
Test equipment
Cifra cetanică [20]
When the durability test is performed on a chassis dynamometer, the dynamometer shall enable the cycle described in paragraph 6.1 of this annex to be carried out.
punctul 50 %
In particular, it shall be equipped with systems simulating inertia and resistance to progress.
punctul 95 %
The brake shall be adjusted in order to absorb the power exerted on the driving wheels at a steady speed of 80 km/h.
Punct de aprindere
Methods to be applied to determine this power and to adjust the brake are the same as those described in Appendix 7 to Annex 4a to this Regulation.
Punct de înfundare a filtrului la rece (CFPP)
The vehicle cooling system should enable the vehicle to operate at temperatures similar to those obtained on road (oil, water, exhaust system, etc.).
Viscozitate la 40 °C
Certain other test bench adjustments and features are deemed to be identical, where necessary, to those described in Annex 4a to this Regulation (inertia, for example, which may be mechanical or electronic).
Hidrocarburi aromatice policiclice
The vehicle may be moved, where necessary, to a different bench in order to conduct emission measurement tests.
Conținut de sulf [21]
Operation on track or road
/EN ISO 20884
When the durability test is completed on track or road, the vehicle's reference mass will be at least equal to that retained for tests conducted on a chassis dynamometer.
Reziduu de carbon Conradson (10 % DR)
MEASURING EMISSIONS OF POLLUTANTS
Conținut de cenușă
At the start of the test (0 km), and every 10000 km (±400 km) or more frequently, at regular intervals until having covered 160000 km, exhaust emissions are measured in accordance with the Type I Test as defined in paragraph 5.3.1 of this Regulation.
Indice de neutralizare (acid tare)
The limit values to be complied with are those laid down in paragraph 5.3.1.4 of this Regulation.
Stabilitatea oxidării [22]
In the case of vehicles equipped with periodically regenerating systems as defined in paragraph 2.20 of this Regulation, it shall be checked that the vehicle is not approaching a regeneration period.
Onctuozitate (diametrul amprentei de uzură HFRR la 60 °C)