natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The ‘cash flow’ approach involves evaluating the benefits of marketing services agreements and airport services agreements by assessing the future revenues which may be generated by the airport operator through marketing services and the airport services agreement, minus corresponding costs.
Taxa de securitate pe pasager la plecare
In the ‘capitalisation’ approach, improvement of the brand image of the airport through marketing services is treated as an intangible asset, acquired for the price laid down in the marketing services agreement.
(fixată de guvernul Austriei)
However, the study highlights the major difficulties presented by the ‘capitalisation’ approach and shows that the results produced by this method may be unreliable; it suggests that the ‘cash flow’ approach would be better.
Gestionarea traficului 2002
In particular, the study finds:
Atunci când a întocmit tabelul 9, Austria a luat în considerare următoarele elemente:
‘The capitalisation approach should only take into account the proportion of marketing expenditure that is attributable to the intangible asset base of an airport.
Traficul marginal preconizat, și anume numărul marginal preconizat de pasageri, a fost calculat pornind de la numărul preconizat de zboruri pe săptămână (348 de rotații pe an la Londra cu 189 de locuri, o masă maximă la decolare de 75 tone și un factor de încărcare de 70 %), extrapolat pentru întreaga durată a acordului de servicii aeroportuare cu Ryanair.
However, it may be difficult to identify the proportion of marketing expenditure that is targeted towards generating expected future revenues for the airport (i.e. an investment in the intangible asset base of the airport) as opposed to generating current revenues for the airport.’
Prin urmare, Austria a indicat un număr de 46040 de pasageri pe an.
It also stresses that:
Veniturile marginale preconizate din activități aeronautice (taxe de handling și de aterizare pe baza taxelor de aeroport de la momentul respectiv; sumele de […] EUR pe rotație și de […] EUR pe pasager la plecare) au fost calculate pe întreaga durată de cinci ani a acordului de servicii aeroportuare pe baza condițiilor convenite cu Ryanair.
‘In order to implement the capitalisation-based approach, it is necessary to estimate the average length of time that an airport would be able to retain a customer due to the AMS marketing campaign.
Pentru veniturile marginale pe rotație, Austria a indicat suma de […] EUR pe an și, pentru veniturile marginale pe pasager la plecare, Austria a indicat suma de […] EUR pe an.
In practice, it would be very difficult to estimate the average period of customer retention following an AMS campaign due to insufficient data.’
Taxa de securitate în valoare de […] EUR nu a fost luată în considerare, deoarece aceasta a fost transmisă de către KFBG direct autorităților publice austriece respective, fiind mai exact o sumă în tranzit.
The study of 31 January 2014 proposes a practical application of the ‘cash flow’ approach.
Prin urmare, Austria a indicat suma de […] EUR pe an.
Under this approach, the benefits of marketing services agreements and airport services agreements which last even after the marketing services agreement has expired are expressed as a ‘terminal value’ that is calculated on the agreement's expiry date.
Veniturile marginale preconizate provenite din activități non-aeronautice (taxe de parcare, cheltuielile în terminale etc.) au fost calculate pe întreaga durată a acordului de servicii aeroportuare.
This terminal value is calculated based on the incremental profits expected from the airport services agreement and marketing services agreement in the final year of application of the airport services agreement.
În plus, Austria a inclus în analiza sa, ca venituri marginale, sumele pe care KFBG le-a primit din partea landului Carintia ([…] EUR ca plată unică în cursul anului 2002, […] EUR pe an), a orașului Klagenfurt ([…] EUR pe an) și de la Kärnten Werbung ([…] EUR pe an).
Moreover, this method takes into account a discount rate which reflects capital costs.
plățile către un terț (Tyrolean Airways), în calitate de agent subcontractant, pentru furnizarea de servicii de handling la sol.
The study suggests a probability factor of 30 %, which it considers prudent.
Austria a explicat că Tyrolean Airways a funcționat timp de decenii pe aeroportul KLU ca agent subcontractant pentru servicii de handling la sol.
However, this very theoretical study does not provide any serious evidence for this factor, either quantitatively or qualitatively.
Prețul pentru serviciile de handling la sol este publicat în fiecare an în regulamentul privind taxele al KLU.
It does not base itself on any facts relating to Ryanair's activities, air transport markets or airport services to substantiate this rate of 30 %.
În conformitate cu contractul de externalizare dintre KFBG și Tyrolean Airways, KFBG va plăti agentului subcontractant un anumit procent din prețul publicat pentru servicii de handling la sol în funcție de tipul de aeronavă.
It does not establish any link between this rate and the factors that it mentions in passing (prominence, strong brand, network externalities and repeat passengers) and that are supposed to extend the benefits of the airport services agreement and market service agreement after their expiry dates.
Liniile aeriene low-cost pot opta pentru „servicii de bază de handling la sol” cu mai puține servicii incluse, în timp ce toate celelalte companii aeriene trebuie să aleagă „servicii de handling la sol complete” cu toate serviciile de handling la sol incluse.
Finally, it does not in any way base itself on the specific content of marketing services provided for in the various contracts with AMS when analysing to what extent those services could influence those factors.
Acordul de subcontractare prevede faptul că KFBG plătește pentru companiile aeriene low-cost 51 % din serviciile de handling la sol și pentru alte companii aeriene 67,9 % din aceste servicii.
Moreover, it does not prove that there is any likelihood that, on expiry of the airport services agreement and the marketing services agreements, the profits generated by these agreements for the airport operator in the final year of their application will continue in the future.
51 % din serviciile de handling la sol includ costul materialelor utilizate de către Tyrolean Airlines pentru serviciile de handling la sol.
Likewise, it provides no evidence that the growth rate of the air transport market in Europe is a useful indicator for measuring the impact of an airport services agreement and marketing services agreements for a given airport.
Austria a menționat plăți în valoare de […] EUR pe an;
A ‘terminal value’ calculated using the method suggested by Ryanair would therefore be highly unlikely to be taken into account by a prudent MEO when deciding whether to enter into an agreement.
plățile către întreprinderea publică Austro Control, care este responsabilă de securitatea spațiului aerian austriac.
The study of 31 January 2014 therefore shows that a ‘cash flow’ approach would only lead to very uncertain and unreliable results, as would the ‘capitalisation’ method.
Austro Control este controlorul de trafic aerian de pe aeroportul KLU și operează turnul de control aerian.
Moreover, neither Austria nor any interested third party has provided any evidence that the method put forward by Ryanair in the study of 31 January 2014, or any other method aiming to quantify the profits after expiry of airport services agreements and marketing services agreements, has been successfully implemented by regional airport operators comparable to Klagenfurt's operator.
Pentru serviciile Austro Control, Austria a prevăzut plăți în valoare de […] EUR pe rotație, respectiv […] EUR pe an;
Austria has not made any comments on the studies of 17 and 31 January 2014.
cheltuielile de funcționare marginale din traficul marginal preconizat pe întreaga durată a acordului: […] EUR pe rotație suplimentară și pe tonă de MTOW și […] EUR pe pasager suplimentar la plecare.
Moreover, a terminal value calculated using the method put forward by Ryanair is only positive (and, therefore, only tends to increase the profitability of the airport services agreement and marketing services agreements) if the incremental profit expected from these agreements in the final year of application of the airport services agreement is positive.
Austria a declarat că aceste două valori reprezintă cele mai bune estimări pentru aceste valori care pot fi stabilite pentru o estimare ex ante a unui operator economic privat în economia de piață la data încheierii acordurilor.
If it is negative, taking the terminal value into account will usually reduce the profitability of the agreements.
Aceste valori sunt obținute din sistemul de contabilitate a costurilor introdus în 2002 (BAB 2002), care a cuprins factorii de cost ai taxei de aterizare, ai taxei pentru pasageri și ai taxei de handling la rampă, ai taxei de infrastructură și ai taxei de servicii în hangar.
It will be demonstrated below that the 2002 agreements resulted in negative incremental cash flows.
În plus față de aceste taxe și taxe estimate, Austria a majorat suma cu o marjă de securitate pentru a se asigura că estimarea cheltuielilor de funcționare marginale preconizate nu vor fi prea optimiste.
Moreover, as stated above, the marketing services target the route covered by the marketing services agreement.
Acest rezultat a fost împărțit la parametrul de referință respectiv, și anume la numărul preconizat de pasageri și MTOW.
If this route is not renewed on expiry of the airport services agreement, it is unlikely that marketing services will continue to have a positive effect on passenger traffic at the airport after the expiry date.
Drept urmare, Austria a estimat cheltuieli de funcționare marginale în valoare de […] EUR pe rotație și cheltuieli de funcționare marginale pe pasager în valoare de […] EUR.
It is very difficult for an airport operator to assess the likelihood of an airline continuing to run a route on expiry of the term to which it has committed itself in the airport services agreement.
Austria a declarat că KFBG nu s-a așteptat, în februarie 2002, la costuri de investiții marginale generate de traficul suplimentar.
Low-cost airlines, in particular, have shown that, when it comes to opening and closing routes, they are very responsive to market conditions which, more often than not, change very quickly.
La vremea respectivă, KLU a avut o capacitate considerabilă neutilizată, iar traficul suplimentar era prevăzut a completa aceste capacități.
Therefore, when entering into a transaction such as the one being examined in this case, a prudent MEO would not rely on an airline company extending the operation of the route in question on expiry of the agreement.
Terminalul aeroportului KLU a avut o capacitate totală de 600000 de pasageri pe an, iar în 2001, aproximativ 227000 de pasageri au utilizat aeroportul KLU.
The Commission considers that any other possible benefits are too uncertain to be quantified and taken into account and that no such benefits have been concretely demonstrated in the present case.
Rata de actualizare utilizată de KFBG s-a bazat pe rata de actualizare de 8 %, aceasta fiind rata de actualizare utilizată și publicată de către aeroportul din Viena.
Regarding the comparison of KLU with other airports, Ryanair submitted the Oxera study of 4 July 2011.
De asemenea, cheltuielile de funcționare marginale pe rotație și pe pasager, precum și rata de actualizare de 8 %, sunt estimate pe baza unei abordări solide.
This study was limited to a comparison between charges paid by Ryanair at […] and […] and airports, and the charges paid by Ryanair under the airport services agreements at KLU.
Conform datelor disponibile pentru traficul marginal preconizat, declarația Austriei în ceea ce privește costurile de investiții marginale pare, de asemenea, rezonabilă.
That study did not factor in the specific marketing services agreements at KLU in comparison to those possibly offered in other airports.
Analizând însă informațiile furnizate de Austria, Comisia nu este de acord cu unele dintre aspectele analizei și, prin urmare, va modifica analiza în următoarele puncte:
However, for each route covered by the agreements at issue the relevant marketing services agreement had to be assessed jointly with the corresponding airport services agreement.
Noul rezultat este așadar suma de […] EUR pe an.
As such, the elements invoked in the Oxery study of 4 July 2011 did not fulfil the most basic requirement for benchmarking, namely a ‘sufficiently precise definition of the economic activities concerned’ so that comparable market operators could be identified.
Comisia nu este de acord cu Austria în ceea ce privește includerea în analiza sa, ca venituri marginale, a plăților pe care KFBG le-a primit din partea landului Carintia ([…] EUR ca plată unică în 2002, […] EUR pe an), a orașului Klagenfurt ([…] EUR pe an) și de la Kärnten Werbung ([…] EUR pe an).
In addition, the Oxera study of 4 July 2011 did not establish a dependable point of reference for market prices of airport services.
Aceste sume au fost acordate cu titlu de sprijin pentru funcționare în vederea finanțării acordurilor din 2002 cu Ryanair și cu filialele acesteia (a se vedea secțiunea 7.1 de mai sus).
Although the study describes the chosen comparator airports as ‘majority privately owned and funded, or otherwise operating as market economy investors’, […] airport is owned by Manchester Airports Group, which itself has majority State ownership, while the Oxera study of 4 July 2011 does not claim that […] airport is operated on a market economy basis.
În conformitate cu punctul 63 din Orientările privind sectorul aviației, „Aeroportul ar trebui să demonstreze că […] este în măsură să acopere toate costurile care decurg din acord”.
As for […] Airport, the study states that the airport has consistently been privately owned, but omits to mention that […] airport was loss-making before it was sold in 2013, a factor which would call into question whether the low airport charges invoked as a point of reference in this case were sustainable for a MEO.
În cazul în care este necesar un sprijin suplimentar, testul operatorului economic privat în economia de piață nu este îndeplinit.
Conclusion on the terms for applying the market economy operator test
Aceasta înseamnă că nu orice sprijin public pot fi considerat drept venit marginal, în caz contrar, prevederea fiind lipsită de sens.
It is clear from all the above that, in order to apply the MEO test to the agreements in question, the Commission must analyse each marketing services agreement together with the corresponding airport services agreement, and must assess whether a hypothetical MEO, motivated by the prospect of profits and operating KLU in place of KFBG, would have entered into these transactions.
Prin urmare, Comisia nu va lua în considerare plățile primite din partea landului Carintia, a orașului Klagenfurt și de la Kärnten Werbung ca venituri marginale.
To this end, the Commission must determine the incremental profitability of the agreements as it would have been assessed by the MEO at the time of their conclusion, by estimating, for the entire period of application of the agreements:
Comisia precizează că în analiza Austriei sunt incluse drept costuri marginale preconizate doar plățile prevăzute în primul acord de marketing dintre LV și DMG ([…] EUR pe an), precum și plata prevăzută în al treilea acord de marketing (scrisoarea de însoțire a primului acord de marketing) dintre LV și DMG (plata unică în valoare de […] EUR).
the future incremental traffic expected from the implementation of these agreements, possibly taking into account the effects of the marketing services on the load factors of the routes covered by the agreements,
Spre deosebire de aceasta, Comisia va lua, de asemenea, în considerare plățile prevăzute în al doilea acord de marketing încheiat între DMG și AMS ([…] EUR pe an).
the future incremental revenues expected from the implementation of these agreements, including revenue from airport charges and ground handling services, generated by the routes covered by these agreements, as well as non-aeronautical revenue from the additional traffic generated by the implementation of these agreements,
Austria nu a inclus această plată, susținând că acest acord a fost înlocuit cu al treilea acord și nu a intrat în vigoare.
the future incremental costs expected from the implementation of these agreements, including operating costs and any incremental investment costs generated by the routes covered by these agreements, as well as marketing service costs.
Comisia precizează că Austria nu a prezentat niciun document care să dovedească acest argument, declarând doar absența oricăror documente de plată în fișele contabile ale KFBG pentru a demonstra că KFBG nu a efectuat nicio plată în temeiul celui de al doilea acord de marketing.
These calculations will provide the future annual flows corresponding to the difference between incremental revenues and costs, which are to be discounted, if necessary, by a rate reflecting the cost of capital for the airport operator.
Chiar dacă se presupune că Austria își amintește în mod corect aceste fapte, Comisia va lua totuși al doilea acord de marketing în considerare la analiză, deoarece nu există niciun motiv pentru care un operator economic privat rezonabil în economia de piață să se fi așteptat la sau să fi prevăzut, în februarie 2002, atunci când a semnat acordul respectiv, că acest acord nu va fi pus în aplicare, iar plățile nu vor fi efectuate ulterior.
A positive net present value indicates in principle that the agreements in question do not confer an economic advantage, whereas a negative net present value reveals the presence of such an advantage.
Un operator economic privat în economia de piață trebuia să analizeze acordurile în funcție de situația prevalentă la momentul semnării acestora și, mai concret, prin prisma informațiilor disponibile și a evoluțiilor previzibile la momentul respectiv.
When deciding on whether to enter into an airport services agreement and/or a marketing services agreement, a MEO will choose a time frame for its assessment based on the term of the agreements in question or the term set in each individual agreement.
Prin urmare, al doilea acord de marketing trebuie să fie luat în considerare în analiza ex ante.
In other words, it will assess the incremental costs and revenues for the term of application of the agreements.
Având în vedere aceste modificări necesare, Comisia a efectuat propria analiză utilizând în mod direct analiza profitabilității suplimentare prezentată de Austria, pe care a modificat-o, exclusiv după caz, astfel cum se prezintă în tabelul 10.
On the date of signature of the agreements, a prudent MEO will not count on the agreements being renewed once they have expired, whether under the same or new terms.
Profitabilitatea marginală a acordurilor încheiate cu Ryanair, LV și AMS în 2002, corectată de către Comisie
Moreover, a generally prudent operator would be aware that low-cost airlines such as Ryanair have always been and are known for being very responsive to market developments, both when starting up or shutting down routes and when increasing or decreasing the number of flights.
Perioada contractului: 5 ani
As a time frame for an assessment of the agreements in question a MEO would have chosen as a starting point the date of the simultaneous signature of all four agreements, i.e. the 22 January 2002.
Stimulent pentru pasageri:
As an end date a MEO would have taken the end date as stipulated in each agreement.
Legături zilnice:
This was after a period of 5 years, i.e. 26 June 2007 in case of the airport services agreement between Ryanair and KFBG and of the first marketing agreement between DMG and LV.
MTOW (B737-800):
In case of the second marketing agreement between DMG and AMS the agreement entered into force for a 5-year initial term, i.e. until 21 January 2007.
Perioada de cinci ani
The third marketing agreement between DMG and LV indicated no precise duration, but had as main purpose the one-off payment of EUR […] by DMG to LV on 1 May 2002.
Iulie 2002-iunie 2003
Therefore 1 May 2002 would mark the end of the application of the agreement.
Iulie 2003-iunie 2004
The possibility to extend the agreements as foreseen in two of the agreements would not be taken into consideration by a prudent MEO.
Iulie 2004-iunie 2005
The extension of the agreements was automatic under the condition that Ryanair fully complied with its obligations as set out in the agreement.
Iulie 2005-iulie 2006
The extension was thus dependant on Ryanair's future behaviour and for that reason, on the date of signature a prudent MEO in the same situation as KFBG would not have been in a position to expect that this automatic extension would necessarily take place.
Iulie 2006-iunie 2007
This view seems to be confirmed by the fact that all four agreements between KFBG, DMG, Ryanair, LV and AMS ended ahead of time on 29 October 2005, when Ryanair stopped to operate the passenger air services between KLU and STN due to economic reasons.
EUR pe rotație
Even when taking into account a prolongation of the agreements for 5 further years, this would not lead to another result of an ex ante assessment.
EUR pe pasager la plecare
When assessing such prolongation under the same terms as for the first 5 years, it would lead to the same results, i.e. negative incremental cash flows.
Excedent din activități nonaeronautice
For the purpose of assessing the agreements in question and given the above findings, it should be noted that both the existence and the amount of aid in these agreements have to be assessed in the light of the situation prevailing at the time they were signed and, more specifically, in the light of the information available and developments foreseeable at that time.
Venituri marginale
Austria asserts that KFBG/DMG did not prepare any ex ante market study, business plan or profitability calculation before concluding individual airport services agreements with various airlines, nor did it prepare any ex ante market study, business plan or profitability calculation before concluding individual marketing services agreements.
Acordul de marketing LV –DMG
According to Ryanair, the lack of a business plan when agreements such as those covered by the formal investigation procedure are signed cannot be used as evidence that the MEO test is not satisfied.
Acordul de marketing AMS-DMG
The lack of a business plan indicates that the agreements signed with Ryanair, LV and AMS do not satisfy the MEO test, particularly as neither Austria nor KFBG have been able to provide, in respect of these agreements, any profitability calculation, even incomplete, that was carried out before the agreements were signed.
Scrisoarea de însoțire LV–DMG
The Commission therefore invited Austria during the procedure to reconstruct the profitability analysis that an MEO would have carried out before signing the agreements with Ryanair, LV and AMS in 2002, based on the objective information known to KFBG/DMG when these agreements were signed and on the foreseeable developments.
Costurile previzionate pe baza costurilor marginale
Upon the Commission's request, Austria prepared an overview of the incremental costs and revenues that could have been expected at the time the relevant agreements were concluded.
Costuri marginale
Austria prepared that data for each of the agreements concluded, as summarised in Table 9.
Fluxuri de numerar incrementale
Table 9
Factor de actualizare
Incremental profitability of contracts with Ryanair, LV and AMS of 2002 prepared by Austria
Valoare actualizată netă
Capital interest rate:
Întrucât rezultatul actualizat preconizat este negativ pentru acordurile din 2002 cu Ryanair, LV și AMS, Comisia constată că KFBG/DMG nu a acționat asemenea unui operator economic privat în economia de piață atunci când a încheiat acordurile respective.
Passenger incentive:
Aeroportul nu s-ar fi putut aștepta să acopere costurile marginale generate de acordurile respective.