natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Remove replicates for sampling;
Patterns of sensitivity of plant species to various herbicides – An analysis with two databases.
controlling air supply, worm behaviour, water quality (see paragraph 56);
Boutin, C. și Harper, J.L.
taking water, sediment and worm samples for determination of test substance concentration;
Boutin, C., Lee, H.-B., Peart, T.E., Batchelor, S.P. și Maguire, R.J.. (2000).
Controlling air supply, worm behaviour and temperature;
Draft Guidance Document, Current Approaches in the Statistical Analysis of Ecotoxicity Data:
Same as day 1;
Hatzios, K.K. și Penner, D. (1985).
4 - 6
Hamill, P.B., Marriage, P.B. și G. Friesen.
Same as day 2;
Frans, R.E. și Talbert, R.E.
compensate evaporated water if necessary;
Bruce, R.D. și Versteeg, D. J.(1992).
8 - 13
2,1-2,3 (14, 19)
15 - 20
41-56 (19, 29)
22 - 27
0,8-1,5 (14, 19)
measurement of water quality (see paragraph 52);
POST (4, 22 – 26)
transfer worms from remaining exposed replicates to vessels containing clean sediment for elimination phase (no gut-purging);
Dizolvantul se pulverizează sau se amestecă cu o cantitate redusă, de exemplu 2,5 g, de nisip cuarțos.
sampling of water, sediment and worms from solvent controls; sampling of trapping solutions, if installed.
Entwicklung eines Reproduktionstests an Bodenorganismen – Enchytraeen.
Pre-exposure activities (equilibration phase) should be scheduled taking into account the properties of the test substance.
Römbke, J. și Moser, T. (1999).
If required, conditioning of the prepared sediment under overlying water at 20 ± 2 °C for 7 days;
Westheide, W. și Bethge-Beilfuss, D. (1991).
in this case, earlier preparation of the sediment!
Dirven-Van Breemen, E., Baerselmann, R. și Notenboom, J. (1994).
Activities described for day 2 should be performed daily (at least on workdays).
Soil Quality – Effects of pollutants on earthworms (Eisenia fetida).
Elimination phase
Rundgren, S. și A.K.
transfer worms from remaining exposed replicates to vessels containing clean sediment;
Römbke, J. și Federschmidt, A. (1995).
after 4 - 6 h removing replicates for taking samples of water, sediment and worms for determination of test substance concentration;
ISO (Organizația Internațională de Standardizare) (1994).
controlling air supply, worm behaviour, water quality (see paragraph 52);
Calitatea solului – Determinarea pH-ului, nr.
end of elimination phase;
Nielsen, C.O. și Christensen, B. (1959).
sampling of water, sediment and worms from solvent controls;
Bouguenec, V. și Giani, N. (1987).
sampling of trapping solutions, if installed.
Korinkova, J. și Sigmund, J. (1968).
Preparation of the sediment prior to start of elimination phase should be done in the same manner as before the uptake phase.
Charles Griffin & Company Ltd, London.
Some physical-chemical characteristics of an acceptable dilution water
Sokal, R.R. și F.J.
< 2μg/l
edition.
COMPOSITION OF THE RECOMMENDED RECONSTITUTED WATER
Van Ewijk, P.H. și J.A.
The sum of the calcium and magnesium ions in this solution is 2,5 mmol/l.
După agitare, suspensia se lasă la limpezit timp de cel puțin 2 ore, dar nu mai mult de 24 de ore. pH-ul fazei lichide este apoi măsurat cu ajutorul unui pH-metru care a fost calibrat înaintea fiecărei măsurători utilizând o serie corespunzătoare de soluții-tampon (de exemplu, pH 4,0 și 7,0).
The pH of an acceptable dilution water should be in the range of 6 - 9.
Posthuma, L., Baerselmann, R., Van Veen, R.P.M. și Dirven-Van Breemen, E.M.
Artificial sediment — preparation and storage recommendations
Phillips, C.T., Checkai, R.T. și Kuperman, R.G.
In contrast to the requirements in test method C.8 (40) the peat content of the artificial sediment is recommended to be 2 % instead of 10 % of dry weight, in order to correspond to a low to moderate organic content of natural sediments (58).
Prezentare generală a evaluării statistice a datelor (determinarea NOEC)
Percentage of dry constituents of the artificial sediment:
Teste parametrice
% of dry sediment
Oien, N. și J. Stenerson (1984).
Folia urticae, powdered leaves of Urtica sp.
Esterases of earthworm – III.
(stinging nettle), finely ground (particle size ≤ 0,5 mm), or a mixture of powdered leaves of Urtica sp. with alpha-cellulose (1:1);
Development of a test method on sublethal effects of pesticides on the earthworm species Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei – comparison of two ringtests.
in accordance with pharmacy standards, for human consumption;
Edwards, C.A. și J. P. Bohlen, (1996).
in addition to dry sediment
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) (1994).
If elevated ammonia concentrations are expected, e.g. if the test substance is known to inhibit the nitrification, it may be useful to replace 50 % of the nitrogen-rich urtica powder by cellulose (e.g., α-Cellulose powder, chemically pure, particle size ≤ 0,5 mm).
Soil Quality – Determination of pH, No.
The peat is air-dried and ground to a fine powder (grain size ≤ 0,5 mm, no visible plant remains).
10390.
A suspension of the required amount of peat powder is prepared using a portion of the deionised water to be added to the dry sediment (a water volume of 11,5 × dry weight of peat has been found useful to produce a stirrable peat slurry (8)) using a high-performance homogenising device.
ISO, Geneve.
The pH of this suspension is adjusted to 5,5 ± 0,5 with CaCO3.
Soil Quality –Determination of dry matter and water content on a mass basis – Gravimetric method, No.
The suspension is conditioned for at least two days with gentle stirring at 20 ± 2 °C, to stabilise pH and establish a stable microbial component.
11465.
The pH is measured again and is adjusted to 6,0 ± 0,5 with CaCO3 if necessary.
Toxicol.
Then all of the suspension is mixed with the other dry constituents, taking into account any portion used for spiking.
Ulterior, aparatura mi compactă și mai practică a Shelton și Tiedje (8), dezvoltată de Battersby și Wilson (9) a fost aplicată cu succes de Wilson et al.
The remaining deionised water is added to obtain a homogeneous sediment.
abatere standard
The pH is measured again and is adjusted to 6,5 to 7,5 with CaCO3 if necessary.
discutarea rezultatelor, inclusiv orice abatere de la procedurile din cadrul prezentei metode de testare și discutarea tuturor abaterilor observate în rezultatele testului cauzate de interferențe și de erori în raport cu rezultatele estimate;
If ammonia development is expected, the artificial sediment may be conditioned for seven days under the same conditions which prevail in the subsequent test (e.g. sediment-water ratio 1: 4, height of sediment layer as in test vessels) before it is spiked with the test substance, i.e. it should be topped with water, which should be aerated.
International Organisation for Standardisation (2003) ISO 13 641-1 Water Quality – Determination of inhibition of gas production of anaerobic bacteria – Part 1:
Samples of the sediment are taken to determine dry weight and total organic carbon content (e.g. 3 samples).
International Organisation for Standardisation (2003) ISO 13 641-2 Water Quality – Determination of inhibition of gas production of anaerobic bacteria – Part 2:
Thereafter, the spiked quartz sand is mixed with the sediment for each treatment level, the sediment is distributed to the replicate test vessels, and topped with the test water (e.g. sediment-water ratio 1 : 4, height of sediment layer as in test vessels).
Control Fed.
The chosen food source should be added prior to or during spiking the sediment with the test substance.
Battersby NS și Wilson V (1988).
In order to ensure that the food is in sufficient contact with the test substance, the food source should be mixed with the sediment not later than on the day the test substance is spiked to the sediment.
Wilson V, Painter HA și Battersby NS (1992).
Exceptions may be made where the length of the equilibration period leads to excessive microbial degradation of the food before the test organisms are added.
Ind.
Samples of the sediment are taken to determine dry weight and total organic carbon (e.g. 3 samples of spiked or control sediment).
Kawahara K, Yakabe Y, Chida T și Kida K (1999).
The dry weight of the components (peat, sand, kaolin) should be reported in g and in per cent of total dry weight.
International Organization for Standardization (1995) ISO 10 634 Water Quality – Guidance for the preparation and treatment of poorly water-soluble organic compounds for the subsequent evaluation of their biodegradability in an aqueous medium.
The volume of water to be added to the dry components during preparation of the sediment should also be reported in per cent of total dry weight (e.g. 100 % dry weight + 46 % water means 1000 g d.w. receive a total of 460 ml water, which results in 1460 g wet sediment).
International Organization for Standardization (1997) ISO 11 923 Water Quality – Determination of suspended solids by filtration through glass-fibre filters.
The dry constituents of the artificial sediment may be stored in a dry, cool place at room temperature.
Concentrația inoculului din flacoanele de testare (g/l)
The prepared, wet sediment may be stored (for further use in the culture only) at 4 ± 2 °C in the dark for a period of 2 to 4 weeks from the day of preparation (8).
datele de identificare chimică (denumirea comună, denumirea chimică, formula structurală, numărul CAS etc.), inclusiv puritatea și metoda analitică pentru cuantificarea substanței chimice de testare;
Sediment spiked with the test substance should be used immediately unless there is information indicating that the particular sediment can be stored without affecting the toxicity and bioavailability of the test substance.
sursa substanței chimice de testare, identitatea și concentrația oricărui solvent utilizat.
Samples of spiked sediment may be stored under the conditions recommended for the particular test substance until analysis.
CE (2003).
Oligochaetes species recommended for bioaccumulation testing
Part I – IV.
Tubifex tubifex (MÜLLER),Tubificidae, Oligochaeta
OCDE (1992a).
The tubificid oligochaete (Tubificidae, Oligochaeta) Tubifex tubifex (Müller) lives in freshwater sediments in tubes which are lined with mucus.
Phipps, G.L., Ankley, G.T., Benoit, D.A. și Mattson, V.R.
In these tubes the worms dwell head down, ingesting sediment particles utilising the associated microorganisms and organic debris.
In co-operation with R. Nagel and B. Karaoglan.
The posterior portion usually undulates in the overlying water for respiration purposes.
Kukkonen, J. și Landrum, P.F.
The suitability of this species for ecotoxicological testing is described for example in (8)(29)(31)(39)(60)(62)(63).
OCDE 2006.
In order to have a sufficient number of Tubifex tubifex for conducting bioaccumulation tests the worms have to be kept in permanent laboratory culture.
Sedimenttoxizitätstests mit aquatischen Oligochaeten – Einfluss verschiedener Futterquellen im künstlichen Sediment auf Reproduktion und Biomasse von Lumbriculus variegatus.
A system consisting of artificial sediment based on the artificial soil according to Test Method C.8 (40) and reconstituted water according to test method C.1 is recommended for T. tubifex culture (8).
în cazul în care sunt prevăzute concentrații ridicate de amoniac, de exemplu, dacă se știe că substanța chimică de testare inhibă nitrificarea, ar putea fi utilă înlocuirea a 50 % din pudra de urzică bogată în azot cu celuloză [de exemplu, pudră de α-celuloză, pură din punct de vedere chimic, dimensiunea particulelor ≤ 0,5 mm; (1) (2)].
Each culture container is loaded with a layer of wet artificial sediment prepared as described in Appendix 5.
Development – Ecotoxicology
The water body is gently aerated (e.g. 2 bubbles per second with 0,45 μm-filtered air) via a pasteur pipette positioned 2 cm above the sediment surface.
Dizolvantul este pulverizat sau amestecat cu o cantitate redusă, de exemplu 10 g, de nisip cuarțos.
The worms are added to the culture system with a maximum loading of 20000 individuals/m2 sediment surface.
Cu toate acestea, în astfel de cazuri, trebuie furnizată o justificare științifică.
A higher loading may cause a reduction in growth and reproduction rates (43).
Trebuie utilizate metode statistice adecvate (conform Documentului 54 al OCDE intitulat «Current Approaches in the Statistical Analysis of Ecotoxicity Data: A Guidance to Application»).
A diet consisting of finely ground fish food, e.g. TetraMin® can serve as additional nutrition (8);
JSS – Journal of Soils and Sediments 3, 73-77.
Klerks 1994, personal communication.
Academia Prague & SPD Academic Publishing bv, Haga, Vol.
Practical experience has shown that application of food suspended and homogenised in deionised water may facilitate homogeneous food distribution on the sediment surface in the culture containers.
Løkke, H., Janssen, C.R., Lanno, R.P., Römbke, J., Rundgren, S. și Van Straalen, N.M.
To avoid accumulation of ammonia, the overlying water should be exchanged using a flow-through system, or, at least once a week, manually.
Soil Toxicity Tests – Invertebrates.
Sampling of worms from the culture can be done by sieving the culture sediment through a 1 mm sieve if only adults are required.
Schlosser, H.-J. și Riepert, F. (1992).
The sieves can be placed into reconstituted water after the sediment has passed through.
Fairbrother, A., Glazebrock, P.W., Van Straalen, N.M. și Tarazona, J.V.
Only intact and clearly identified specimens of Tubifex tubifex (e.g. (64)) are used to start a test or new cultures.
Nivelul maxim de pontă ovulară este atins între 10 și 40 de zile (după atingerea stadiului de adult) și se ridică la un număr de 2,2 ouă femelă– 1 zi– 1.
Information on the biology, culture conditions, and sensitivity of the species can be obtained from (1)(6)(9)(36).
Prin urmare, este propusă următoarea procedură (24) (25):
Lumbriculus variegatus can also be cultured in the artificial sediment recommended for T. tubifex according to (8) within certain limitations.
Aparatură:
Practical experience has shown that L. variegatus can be held in a sandy substratum (e.g. quartz sand, fine gravel) in a flow-through system using fish food as nutritional source over several years without renewing the substratum.
Regimul de încălzire:
, ASTM (2000) (1), U.S.
Temperatura trebuie măsurată în substrat.
The worms can be cultured in large aquaria (57 - 80 l) at 23 °C with a 16L:8D photoperiod (100 - 1000 lux) using daily renewed natural water (45 - 50 l per aquarium).
Lichidul de fixare:
A lack of reproduction in a bioaccumulation test with L. variegatus should be recorded, and considered when interpreting the test results.
<=3 probe du- plicat per concentrație
The old beaker also contains cocoons and young worms.
În general, efectele adverse ale substanței chimice testate în raport cu controlul sunt analizate utilizând testarea unilaterală a ipotezei la p ≤ 0,05.
Up to 400 young worms per beaker can be harvested in this way.
ISO (1999) Soil Quality – Effects of soil pollutants on Collembola (Folsomia candida):
The cultures should be maintained at a temperature of 21 to 25 °C.
In New trends in soil Biology (Lebrun Ph, André HM, De Medts A, Grégoire-Wibo, Wauthy G (Eds), Proceedings of the VI. international colloquium on soil zoology, Louvain-la-neuve (Belgium), 30 August-2 September 1982, I Dieu-Brichart, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, pp.
Variation of temperature should be kept below ± 2 °C.
261-268
The time required for embryonic development from an egg being laid until the young leaves the cocoon is approximately three weeks at 25 °C.
Extragerea este începută la 25 °C, temperatura fiind crescută automat la fiecare 12 ore cu 5 °C, ea durând în total 48 de ore.
The number of eggs per cocoon ranges from 1,8 to 2,8 (66)(69) or up to 8 (68).
Raportul mediu al sexelor exemplarelor adulte complet eclozate și vii (ca fracție de femelă sau mascul) în tratamentul de control pentru ambele generații trebuie să fie de cel puțin 0,4, dar nu mai mare de 0,6;
Dissolved oxygen, water hardness, temperature, and pH should be measured weekly.
pentru fiecare cușcă de reproducere numărul de șiraguri de ouă din vasele de control ale primei generații trebuie să fie de cel puțin 0,6 per femelă adăugată în cușca de reproducere;
Part I - IV.
Totuși, în cazul în care se demonstrează că substanța chimică testată nu se adsoarbe pe filtre, se poate accepta și filtrarea.
Chapter C.27 of this Annex, Sediment water Chironomid toxicity test using spliked sediment
Vogt, C., Belz, D., Galluba, S., Nowak, C., Oetken, M. and J. Oehlmann (2007), Effects of cadmium and tributyltin on development and reproduction of the non-biting midge Chironomus riparius (Diptera) – baseline experiments for future multi-generation studies, J. Environ.
Workshop on “Bioaccumulation: Sediment test using benthic oligochaetes”, 26.-27.04.1999, Hochheim/Main, Germany.
Turba este uscată cu aer și măcinată într-o pulbere fină.
Wat.
30 – 70 %
Res. 23, 1443-1450.
Pentru tehnicile semistatice, pot fi urmate două proceduri de reînnoire diferite.
A kinetic model for bioconcentration of lipophilic compounds by oligochaetes.
Fie sunt preparate noi soluții de testare în camere curate, iar ouăle și larvele care au supraviețuit sunt transferate cu grijă în noile camere, fie organismele de testare sunt reținute în camerele de testare în timp ce o proporție (cel puțin două treimi) din apa de testare este schimbată zilnic.
Res. 24, 1225-1231.
30 % – 70 %
Chapter C.19, Estimation of the adsorption coefficient (Koc ) on soil and on sewage sludge using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
se adaugă 100 ml apă distilată H2O
In Hutzinger, O. (editor), The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Vol.
5 min la 95 °C
Influence of partition coefficient of lipophilic compounds on bioconcentration kinetics with fish.
Se saturează mediul de testare cu aer la temperatura de testare prin aerarea cu aer comprimat curat timp de aproximativ 20 de minute.
Development of ecotoxicological test systems to assess contaminated sediments.
% biodegradare
If proper care is taken, the upper limit can be extended to higher values of Pow
Determinarea carbonului organic volatil poate fi realizată ulterior, dacă este cazul, pentru tipul de eșantion în cauză.
The same procedure should be followed with the reference chemical, to give flasks FR1-3
mgglucoză
The use of gas-tight silicone septa is recommended.
substanța testatămg
It is further recommended that the gas-tightness of caps, especially butyl rubber septa, be tested because several commercially available septa are not sufficiently gas-tight against methane and some septa do not stay tight when they are pierced with a needle under the conditions of the test.Gas tight coated septa are recommended and must be used for volatile chemicals (some commercial septa are relatively thin, less than 0,5 cm, and do not stay gas tight after piercing with syringe needle);Butyl rubber septa (about 1 cm) are recommended, if the test substances are not volatile (these normally stay gas tight after piercing.)Prior to the test it is recommended that the septa are carefully examined for their ability to stay gas tight after piercing.
Dacă substanța testată a fost administrată folosind filtre cu fibre din sticlă sau solvenți organici, martorilor li se adaugă un filtru sau un volum de solvent echivalent cu cel evaporat.
The meter should be used and calibrated at regular intervals, according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Se pregătește o replică suplimentară cu substanță testată pentru măsurarea valorii pH-ului.
It is recommended to set bubblers at levels that do not create undue stress on the tadpoles.
A review.
At 20 °C under standard atmospheric pressure the ASV in freshwater equals 9,1 mg/l (60 % equals 5,46 mg/l)
(Hamaker, J.W. (1975).
Mercury (II) chloride (HgCl2) is a very toxic substance which should be handled with suitable precautions.
Interpretation of soil leaching experiments.
Aqueous wastes containing this chemical should be disposed of appropriately;
In Environmental Dynamics of Pesticides (R. Haque, V.H. Freed, Eds), 115-133.
they should not be discharged into the waste water system.
Plenum Press, New York.
they should not be discharged directly into the waste water system.
In Unser Boden – 70 Jahre Agrarforschung der BASF AG, 225-236.
Digested sludge is a mixture of the settled phases of sewage and activated sludge, which have been incubated in an anaerobic digester at about 35 °C to reduce biomass and odour problems and to improve the dewater-ability of the sludge.
European Standard, EN 84 – 1997.
The accuracy of the calibration can be checked at the laboratory with a one-point measurement at 1 × 105 Pa against a pressure-meter with a mechanical display.
American Society for Testing and Materials Standards, ASTM D 1141 – 1998.
If other measurement devices are used (without certified calibration by the manufacturer), calibration is recommended over the total range at regular intervals.
American Society for Testing and Materials Standards, ASTM D 1193-77 Type II – 1983.
‡ Soils with less than 0,3 % organic carbon may disturb correlation between organic content and adsorption.
Bioaccumulation – New Aspects and Developments.
Thus, it is recommended to use soils with a minimum organic carbon content of 0,3 %.
Umweltchemikalien und Fische – Beiträge zu einer Bewertung.
This simulates an extremely high rainfall.
Modificarea mediilor de cultură poate fi necesară pentru anumite scopuri, cum ar fi situațiile în care se testează metale și agenți de chelare sau la valori diferite ale pH-ului.
Examples of bulk densities for disturbed soils are as follows:for a sand soil 1,66 g · ml– 1for a loam soil 1,17 g · ml– 1for a loamy sand soil 1,58 g · ml– 1for a silt soil 1,11 · g ml– 1
SUA
Typical leachate volumes range from 230-260 ml corresponding to approx.
Dacă se folosește un solvent sau agent de dispersie, concentrația sa finală se raportează și se menține la minimum (≤ 100 μl/l), iar toate tratamentele și probele de control trebuie să conțină aceeași concentrație de solvent sau agent de dispersie.
The original proposal for this test method was based on an article by C.V. Eadsforth and P. Moser (1).
POST (2, 4)
area %
PRE și POST (6)
total peak area %
PRE și POST (6, 21, 28, 31)
area %i
PRE și POST (28, 31, 34)
104-54-1 Cinnamyl alcohol
PRE și POST
H. Ellgehausen, C. D'Hondt and R. Fuerer (1981).
PRE și POST (18, 25, 31)
B. McDuffie (1981).
PRE și POST (3, 21, 28, 31)
M. Thatcher, M. Robinson, L. R. Henriquez and C. C. Karman.
ISO, Geneva.
E. A. Vik, S. Bakke and K. Bansal.
Dacă trebuie utilizat H3PO4, trebuie pregătite anumite flacoane suplimentare, în care nu se adaugă H3PO4, în special pentru măsurarea pH-ului.
L.O.
BIBLIOGRAFIE:
J.E.
La un conținut de materie uscată estimat la 17,1 % (48), se obține aproximativ 9 – 17 mg de biomasă uscată per vas.
S. Fujisawa and E. Masuhara.
min.
C. Hansch and A. J. Leo.
max.
C. Hansch, chairman;
128 pp.
A tool for the quantitative prediction of bioactivity — Available from Pomona College Medical Chemistry Project, Pomona College, Claremont, California 91711
34, 413-433.
R. F. Rekker, H. M. de Kort.
Environmental Science & Technology 39, 7154-7157.
Williams, D.A.
Organizația pentru Cooperare și Dezvoltare Economică (OCDE), Paris.
CCAP, Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa
Hypoaspis aculeifer, scut dorsal cu peri setiformi caracteristici
Collection of Algal Cultures
STADIU
Nikolausberger Weg 18
Trebuie utilizate metode statistice adecvate conform Documentului 54 al OCDE intitulat «Current Approaches in the Statistical Analysis of Ecotoxicity Data: a Guidance to Application» (Metode actuale de analiză statistică a datelor privind exotoxicitatea: orientări de aplicare) (9).
UTEX Culture Collection of Algae
SUA
Section of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
mediul AAP al EPA SUA, conform și cu ASTM.
The temperature in the test vessels should be 24 ± 2 °C. The pH of the control medium should not increase by more than 1,5 units during the test.
Aceste determinări trebuie efectuate pe o probă de sol de control și pe o probă de sol cu fiecare concentrație de testare. pH-ul solului nu trebuie ajustat atunci când sunt testați acizi sau baze.
US EPA — United States Environmental Protection Agency.
Desene originale F. Faraji
AFNOR — Association Française de Normalisation.
lindan, trifluralin, pentaclorfenol, clorura de cadmiu și clorură de potasiu.