natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Tests for measuring the bioaccumulation of a chemical in terrestrial oligochaetes have been performed with heavy metals (see e.g. (63)) and persistent, organic chemicals having log Kow values between 3,0 and 6,0, e.g. (40).
Testele pentru măsurarea bioacumulării unei substanțe chimice în oligochetele terestre au fost efectuate cu metale grele [a se vedea, de exemplu, (63)] și cu substanțe chimice organice persistente care aveau valorile log Kow cuprinse între 3,0 și 6,0, de exemplu (40).
Such tests also apply to:
Aceste teste se aplică, de asemenea, la:
Toxicity of the test chemical to the species used in the test should be known, e.g. an effect concentration (ECx) or lethal concentration (LCx) for the time of the uptake phase (e.g. (19)).
Toxicitatea substanței chimice testate față de speciile utilizate în test ar trebui să fie cunoscută, de exemplu, o concentrație de efect (CEx) sau concentrația letală (CLx) pentru durata fazei de absorbție [de exemplu (19)].
The selected concentration of the test chemical should preferably be about 1 % of its acute asymptotic LC50, and at least 10-fold higher than its detection limit in soil by the analytical method used.
Concentrația selectată a substanței chimice testate ar trebui să fie, de preferat, de aproximativ 1 % din CL50 acută asimptotică și de cel puțin zece ori mai mare decât limita sa de detecție în sol prin metoda de analiză utilizată.
If available, preference should be given to toxicity values derived from long-term studies on sublethal endpoints (51) (52).
Dacă sunt disponibile, ar trebui utilizate în mod preferențial valorile de toxicitate determinate din studiile de lungă durată privind efectele subletale (51) (52).
If such data are not available, an acute toxicity test will provide useful information (see e.g. (23)).
Dacă aceste date nu sunt disponibile, un test privind toxicitatea acută va furniza informații utile [a se vedea, de exemplu, (23)].
An elimination phase provides information on the rate at which the test chemical is excreted by the test organisms (e.g. (27)).
O fază de eliminare furnizează informații privind viteza cu care substanța chimică testată este excretată de organismele testate [de exemplu (27)].
If a steady state has not been reached during the uptake phase, the determination of the kinetic parameters – kinetic bioaccumulation factor BAFk, uptake and elimination rate constant(s) – should preferably be based on simultaneous fitting of the results of the uptake and elimination phases.
Dacă în timpul fazei de absorbție nu se atinge o stare de echilibru, este de preferat ca determinarea parametrilor cinetici – factorul de bioacumulare cinetic BAFK, constanta (constantele) vitezei de absorbție și de eliminare – să se bazeze pe ajustarea simultană a rezultatelor fazelor de absorbție și de eliminare.
The concentration of the test chemical in/on the worms is monitored throughout both phases of the test.
Concentrația substanței chimice testate din/de pe viermi se monitorizează pe parcursul ambelor faze ale testului.
For aquatic oligochaetes it is assumed that after the initial 4-24 h of the elimination phase, most of the contaminated gut content has been replaced by clean sediment e.g. (46).
Pentru oligochetele acvatice se presupune că după primele 4-24 h ale fazei de eliminare cea mai mare parte a conținutului contaminat din intestine a fost înlocuit cu sediment curat, de exemplu (46).
Similar findings have been reported for earthworms in studies on the accumulation of radiolabelled cadmium and zinc (78).
Constatări similare au fost raportate pentru râme în studiile privind acumularea de cadmiu și zinc marcate radioactiv (78).
In the non-purged enchytraeids, the concentration of this first sample of the elimination phase may be considered as the tissue concentration after gut purge.
În enchitreidele nepurjate, concentrația acestei prime probe din faza de eliminare poate fi considerată drept concentrația din țesut după purjarea intestinelor.
To account for dilution of the test item concentration by uncontaminated soil during the elimination phase, the weight of the gut content may be estimated from worm wet weight/worm ash weight or worm dry weight/worm ash weight ratios.
Pentru a ține cont de diluția concentrației substanței testate în funcție de solul necontaminat în timpul fazei de eliminare, greutatea conținutului intestinelor poate fi estimată din raportul greutate umedă vierme/greutate cenușă vierme.
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The moisture content is determined at the beginning and at the end of the test (at 105 °C).
Conținutul de umiditate se determină la începutul și la sfârșitul testului (la 105 °C).
It should be optimal for the species’ requirements (the moisture content can also be checked as follows: when the soil is gently squeezed in the hand, small drops of water should appear between the fingers).
Acesta ar trebui să fie optim pentru satisfacerea cerințelor speciilor (conținutul de umiditate poate fi verificat, de asemenea, după cum urmează: atunci când solul este strâns ușor în mână, ar trebui să apară picături mici de apă între degete).
Since 1972 it is divided into two subspecies (Eisenia fetida and Eisenia andrei (10)).
Din 1972 aceasta este împărțită în două subspecii [Eisenia fetida și Eisenia andrei (10)].
According to Jaenike (36), they are true, separate species.
Conform Jaenike (36), acestea sunt specii autentice și separate.
Eisenia fetida is easily recognised by its bright intersegmental yellow stripes whereas Eisenia andrei has a uniform, dark red colour.
Eisenia fetida este ușor de recunoscut prin dungile sale galbene de culoare deschisă poziționate intersegmentar, în timp ce Eisenia andrei are o culoare uniformă, roșu închis.
Eisenia fetida and Eisenia andrei are commercially available, e.g. as fish bait.
Eisenia fetida și Eisenia andrei sunt disponibile în comerț, de exemplu ca momeală pentru pești.
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In recent years, this species has often been used in ecotoxicological studies because of the simplicity of its breeding and testing, e.g. Kuperman et al.
În ultimii ani, această specie a fost deseori folosită în studii ecotoxicologice datorită ușurinței înmulțirii și testării, de exemplu Kuperman et al.
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Particle size distribution, mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD), and geometric standard deviation (σg), including their methods of calculation. Individual particle size analyses should be reported;
distribuția granulometrică, diametrul aerodinamic median masic al particulelor (DAMM) și abaterea geometrică standard (σg), inclusiv metodele de calcul ale acestora. analizele granulometrice individuale ar trebui să fie raportate.
It is advised to start each exposure session with the group that will be exposed the longest, e.g. the 240-min exposure group, followed by the 120 minute exposure group, and so on.
Se recomandă să se înceapă fiecare sesiune de expunere cu grupul care va fi expus cel mai mult, de exemplu grupul de expunere de 240 de minute, urmat de grupul de expunere de 120 de minute și așa mai departe.
If, for example, animals in the 240 minute group are dying after 90 minutes or showing severe signs of toxicity (e.g. extreme changes in breathing pattern such as laboured breathing), it would not make sense to expose a group for 120 minutes because mortality would likely be 100 %.
Dacă, de exemplu, animalele din grupul de 240 de minute mor după 90 de minute sau prezintă semne de toxicitate gravă (de exemplu, modificări extreme în modelul respirator, cum ar fi respirație dificilă), nu ar avea sens să se expună un grup timp de 120 de minute, deoarece mortalitatea ar fi probabil de 100 %.
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Originating probably from the region of the Black Sea, they are distributed worldwide today, especially in anthropogenically modified habitats like compost heaps.
Fiind probabil originare din regiunea Mării Negre, în prezent acestea sunt prezente în întreaga lume, mai ales în habitatele modificate de activitatea antropică, cum sunt grămezile de compost.
Both can be used for ecotoxicological as well as bioaccumulation tests.
Ambele pot fi utilizate pentru teste ecotoxicologice, precum și pentru teste de bioacumulare.
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The liner is fitted into an impervious polyethylene outer vessel, which consists of two parts: a circular base in which holes are bored to accommodate two air lines and a sludge-wastage line, and an upper cylinder which screws on to the base and which has an outlet placed so as to give a known volume (3 l) in the porous pot vessel.
Căptușeala este montată într-un vas exterior impermeabil, din polietilenă, format din două părți: o bază circulară în care sunt făcute găuri pentru a permite montarea a două furtunuri de aer și a unui furtun de înlăturare a surplusului de nămol și un cilindru superior care se înșurubează de baza circulară și care are un orificiu de evacuare plasat astfel încât în vasul poros să se obțină un volum cunoscut (3 l).
Slightly more food may be necessary for older larvae: 0,5-1 mg per larvae per day should be sufficient for the rest of the test. The food ration should be reduced in all treatments and control if fungal growth is seen or if mortality is observed in controls. If fungal development cannot be stopped the test is to be repeated.
Pentru aceasta, trebuie să se utilizeze material vegetal în loc de hrană pentru pești, de exemplu se poate adăuga o cantitate de 0,5 % (greutate uscată) frunze măcinate mărunt de urzică (Urtica dioica), de dud (Morus alba), de trifoi alb (Trifolium repens), de spanac (Spinacia oleracea) sau de alt material vegetal (Cerophyl sau celuloză alfa).
When testing strongly adsorbing substances (e.g. with log Kow > 5), or substances covalently binding to sediment, the amount of food necessary to ensure survival and natural growth of the organisms may be added to the formulated sediment before the stabilisation period. For this, plant material must be used instead of fish food, e.g. addition of 0,5 % (dry weight) finely ground leaves of e.g. stinging nettle (Urtica dioica), mulberry (Morus alba), white clover (Trifolium repens), spinach (Spinacia oleracea) or of other plant material (Cerophyl or alpha-cellulose) may be used. Incubation conditions
Condiții de incubare
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The pH of this suspension is adjusted to 5,5 ± 0,5 with CaCO3. The suspension is conditioned for at least two days with gentle stirring at 20 ± 2 °C, to stabilise pH and establish a stable microbial component. pH is measured again and should be 6,0 ± 0,5.
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