natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Global disarmament efforts have gained new momentum, for example with the leadership shown by President Barack Obama in this area, and US–Russian agreement on a new Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START). 
Det globale nedrustningsarbeidet har fått ny dynamikk med det lederskapet som blant annet President Barack Obama har vist på dette området og gjennom den amerikansk-russiske enigheten om en ny START-avtale.
A Norwegian perspective 
A Norwegian perspective
Contribution to the book “Deutschland in der Globalisierung – Chancen und Herausforderungen”, edited by Dr. Peter Struck and Dr. Ditmar Staffelt, Members of the German Bundestag, published on Detlef Prinz, Berlin December 2008 
Contribution to the book “Deutschland in der Globalisierung – Chancen und Herausforderungen”, edited by Dr. Peter Struck and Dr. Ditmar Staffelt, Members of the German Bundestag, published on Detlef Prinz, Berlin December 2008
- A world free of nuclear weapons has been a longstanding objective of Norway’s foreign policy. 
- A world free of nuclear weapons has been a longstanding objective of Norway’s foreign policy.
Indeed, all parties to the Non-proliferation Treaty, as well as numerous civil society groups in nuclear weapon and non-nuclear weapon states alike, are committed to this goal, Foreign Minister Støre writes in an article in a German book. 
Indeed, all parties to the Non-proliferation Treaty, as well as numerous civil society groups in nuclear weapon and non-nuclear weapon states alike, are committed to this goal, skriver Støre i en artikkel i et tysk bokprosjekt.
I believe that improved security for all can be achieved at considerably lower levels of armament than current levels. 
I believe that improved security for all can be achieved at considerably lower levels of armament than current levels.
Arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation are integral elements of Norway’s security policy. 
Arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation are integral elements of Norway’s security policy.
A lower level of armaments, combined with transparency and verification mechanisms and stringent measures to prevent proliferation, will provide increased security for all. 
A lower level of armaments, combined with transparency and verification mechanisms and stringent measures to prevent proliferation, will provide increased security for all.
At the same time it will make resources available for economic and social development. 
At the same time it will make resources available for economic and social development.
Norway has three main objectives for its disarmament efforts. 
Norway has three main objectives for its disarmament efforts.
First, we are working to secure a world free of nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction. 
First, we are working to secure a world free of nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction.
Second, we are seeking to ensure security and stability at the lowest possible level of armament through agreements that are binding under international law. 
Second, we are seeking to ensure security and stability at the lowest possible level of armament through agreements that are binding under international law.
Third, we are working to eliminate conventional weapons that cause unacceptable human suffering. 
Third, we are working to eliminate conventional weapons that cause unacceptable human suffering.
Many countries share our views and objectives on arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation. 
Many countries share our views and objectives on arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation.
However, I would like to highlight the special relationship we enjoy with Germany in this field. 
However, I would like to highlight the special relationship we enjoy with Germany in this field.
We are working closely and constructively on these issues with our German partners in all international forums, including NATO, where we are actively engaged in reviving the Alliance’s emphasis on disarmament and arms control. 
We are working closely and constructively on these issues with our German partners in all international forums, including NATO, where we are actively engaged in reviving the Alliance’s emphasis on disarmament and arms control.
Elimination of weapons of mass destruction 
Elimination of weapons of mass destruction
A world free of nuclear weapons has been a longstanding objective of Norway’s foreign policy. 
A world free of nuclear weapons has been a longstanding objective of Norway’s foreign policy.
Indeed, all parties to the Non-proliferation Treaty, as well as numerous civil society groups in nuclear weapon and non-nuclear weapon states alike, are committed to this goal. 
Indeed, all parties to the Non-proliferation Treaty, as well as numerous civil society groups in nuclear weapon and non-nuclear weapon states alike, are committed to this goal.
Much progress was made up until the 1990s. 
Much progress was made up until the 1990s.
Since then, we have witnessed a nuclear renaissance despite the persistent threat of nuclear war and accidents and the growing risk of proliferation and nuclear terrorism. 
Since then, we have witnessed a nuclear renaissance despite the persistent threat of nuclear war and accidents and the growing risk of proliferation and nuclear terrorism.
North Korea has acquired nuclear weapons. 
North Korea has acquired nuclear weapons.
So have India and Pakistan. 
So have India and Pakistan.
There are deep uncertainties regarding Iran’s nuclear intentions. 
There are deep uncertainties regarding Iran’s nuclear intentions.
Israel’s “neither confirm nor deny policy” is not reassuring. 
Israel’s “neither confirm nor deny policy” is not reassuring.
And most nuclear weapon states are modernising their nuclear arsenal despite their obligation to reduce their dependence on, and eventually abolish, their nuclear arms. 
And most nuclear weapon states are modernising their nuclear arsenal despite their obligation to reduce their dependence on, and eventually abolish, their nuclear arms.
It simply does not make any sense that, 20 years after the Cold War, there are more than 25 000 nuclear weapons in the world. 
It simply does not make any sense that, 20 years after the Cold War, there are more than 25 000 nuclear weapons in the world.
A small fraction of these weapons would be sufficient to eliminate most life on earth. 
A small fraction of these weapons would be sufficient to eliminate most life on earth.
Achieving a world free of nuclear weapons will require a reversal of the last year’s developments and a new commitment to nuclear disarmament. 
Achieving a world free of nuclear weapons will require a reversal of the last year’s developments and a new commitment to nuclear disarmament.
Fortunately, there are signs in many countries of a growing consensus, among politicians and the public alike, that global security will be enhanced by the elimination of nuclear arms and that the security of even the most powerful states will be better served in a world without nuclear arms. 
Fortunately, there are signs in many countries of a growing consensus, among politicians and the public alike, that global security will be enhanced by the elimination of nuclear arms and that the security of even the most powerful states will be better served in a world without nuclear arms.
I fully agree with what my friend and colleague Frank-Walter Steinmeier, German Minister of Foreign Affairs, said during the Munich Conference on Security Policy in February 2008. 
I fully agree with what my friend and colleague Frank-Walter Steinmeier, German Minister of Foreign Affairs, said during the Munich Conference on Security Policy in February 2008.
“Disarmament and arms control therefore belong right at the top of a new transatlantic agenda, alongside the major future topics of climate change and energy security”. 
“Disarmament and arms control therefore belong right at the top of a new transatlantic agenda, alongside the major future topics of climate change and energy security”.
Later the same month I had the privilege of hosting an international conference on nuclear disarmament together with former Senator Sam Nunn and former Secretary of State George Shultz. 
Later the same month I had the privilege of hosting an international conference on nuclear disarmament together with former Senator Sam Nunn and former Secretary of State George Shultz.
The conference gathered some of the world’s leading experts on nuclear issues. 
The conference gathered some of the world’s leading experts on nuclear issues.
There was remarkable consensus on the advisability of moving towards elimination of nuclear weapons. 
There was remarkable consensus on the advisability of moving towards elimination of nuclear weapons.
It was underlined that if we are to make progress, the personal engagement of national leaders is imperative; their leadership is needed in order to involve key stakeholders and build public support. 
It was underlined that if we are to make progress, the personal engagement of national leaders is imperative; their leadership is needed in order to involve key stakeholders and build public support.
The conference also agreed that taking disarmament seriously means that we must begin taking concrete steps in that direction. 
The conference also agreed that taking disarmament seriously means that we must begin taking concrete steps in that direction.
Nuclear weapons cannot be eliminated overnight. 
Nuclear weapons cannot be eliminated overnight.
There can be no fast track. 
There can be no fast track.
Elimination will have to be a gradual process based on verified reductions over time. 
Elimination will have to be a gradual process based on verified reductions over time.
At some stage we have to start discussing how to organise a post-nuclear weapon era. 
At some stage we have to start discussing how to organise a post-nuclear weapon era.
But our more immediate goal should be to achieve security and stability at a much lower level of nuclear armament. 
But our more immediate goal should be to achieve security and stability at a much lower level of nuclear armament.
To this end, we should focus on the following steps: 
To this end, we should focus on the following steps:
Firstly, reduction in the number of nuclear warheads. 
Firstly, reduction in the number of nuclear warheads.
Given the fact that the US and Russia possess more than 95 per cent of the world’s nuclear arsenals, they must take the lead. 
Given the fact that the US and Russia possess more than 95 per cent of the world’s nuclear arsenals, they must take the lead.
There have been considerable reductions since the end of the Cold War, but much still remains to be done. 
There have been considerable reductions since the end of the Cold War, but much still remains to be done.
As a first step, the bilateral US-Russian START and SORT treaties need to be replaced by new binding agreements on further cuts in strategic nuclear arsenals. 
As a first step, the bilateral US-Russian START and SORT treaties need to be replaced by new binding agreements on further cuts in strategic nuclear arsenals.
Other nuclear weapon states must follow suit. 
Other nuclear weapon states must follow suit.
Secondly, we must prevent any possibility of a new nuclear arms race. 
Secondly, we must prevent any possibility of a new nuclear arms race.
A legally binding and comprehensive ban on nuclear testing and on the production of fissile materials for weapons purposes are essential tools in this respect. 
A legally binding and comprehensive ban on nuclear testing and on the production of fissile materials for weapons purposes are essential tools in this respect.
Agreements must be transparent and verifiable so that the international community can feel confident that no nuclear warheads are produced in secrecy. 
Agreements must be transparent and verifiable so that the international community can feel confident that no nuclear warheads are produced in secrecy.
Thirdly, we must reduce the importance of nuclear weapons in security policy. 
Thirdly, we must reduce the importance of nuclear weapons in security policy.
This could be done in a number of ways. 
This could be done in a number of ways.
Steps must be taken to reduce the operational status of deployed weapons in order to prevent accidental use. 
Steps must be taken to reduce the operational status of deployed weapons in order to prevent accidental use.
We should diminish the geographical scope of nuclear weapons by supporting the establishment of regional nuclear weapon free zones. 
We should diminish the geographical scope of nuclear weapons by supporting the establishment of regional nuclear weapon free zones.
We should encourage nuclear weapon states to provide assurances not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear weapon states, particularly states belonging to nuclear-free zones. 
We should encourage nuclear weapon states to provide assurances not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear weapon states, particularly states belonging to nuclear-free zones.
We need to reassess the role of deterrence. 
We need to reassess the role of deterrence.
The deterrent role of nuclear weapons should also be discussed in NATO. 
The deterrent role of nuclear weapons should also be discussed in NATO.
Germany and Norway have sought to foster a candid discussion of this question in the Alliance. 
Germany and Norway have sought to foster a candid discussion of this question in the Alliance.
We hope that NATO will gradually reduce its reliance on nuclear weapons and will advocate this approach in the broader discussion on NATO’s Strategic Concept. 
We hope that NATO will gradually reduce its reliance on nuclear weapons and will advocate this approach in the broader discussion on NATO’s Strategic Concept.
Fourthly, the total elimination of nuclear weapons is dependent on a much more robust and credible non-proliferation regime than the one we have today. 
Fourthly, the total elimination of nuclear weapons is dependent on a much more robust and credible non-proliferation regime than the one we have today.
This will require expansion of the regime and closure of the current loopholes. 
This will require expansion of the regime and closure of the current loopholes.
Existing nuclear material must be secured, and assistance must be provided to countries that are not able to fulfil their non-proliferation obligations due to limited resources. 
Existing nuclear material must be secured, and assistance must be provided to countries that are not able to fulfil their non-proliferation obligations due to limited resources.
Fifthly, we cannot make genuine progress on non-proliferation unless we can ensure that all NPT states have the opportunity to benefit from nuclear energy and technology. 
Fifthly, we cannot make genuine progress on non-proliferation unless we can ensure that all NPT states have the opportunity to benefit from nuclear energy and technology.
The right to peaceful use must not undermine our non-proliferation efforts, nor our efforts to ensure human safety and protect the environment. 
The right to peaceful use must not undermine our non-proliferation efforts, nor our efforts to ensure human safety and protect the environment.
One way of accommodating peaceful use in connection with non-proliferation is through multilateral cooperation on handling the whole nuclear fuel cycle. 
One way of accommodating peaceful use in connection with non-proliferation is through multilateral cooperation on handling the whole nuclear fuel cycle.
As a first step, we should set up a fuel bank under IAEA auspices to ensure supply of nuclear fuel to all bona fide NPT states. 
As a first step, we should set up a fuel bank under IAEA auspices to ensure supply of nuclear fuel to all bona fide NPT states.
This might discourage a number of countries from building their own fuel production capacity, which is both expensive and, more importantly, could increase proliferation. 
This might discourage a number of countries from building their own fuel production capacity, which is both expensive and, more importantly, could increase proliferation.
Norway will contribute USD 5 million to such a fuel bank and is engaged in building broad international support for this initiative. 
Norway will contribute USD 5 million to such a fuel bank and is engaged in building broad international support for this initiative.
There is no ban against nuclear weapons. 
There is no ban against nuclear weapons.
But for most nations of the world, an effective prohibition is already in place in the form of the NPT. 
But for most nations of the world, an effective prohibition is already in place in the form of the NPT.
We marked the 40th anniversary of the NPT in July this year. 
We marked the 40th anniversary of the NPT in July this year.
The treaty has served us well. 
The treaty has served us well.
It has saved us from the frightening scenario of a world with several dozen nuclear weapon states. 
It has saved us from the frightening scenario of a world with several dozen nuclear weapon states.
It has enabled non-nuclear weapon states to benefit from civilian nuclear applications. 
It has enabled non-nuclear weapon states to benefit from civilian nuclear applications.
It has committed nuclear weapon states to disarm. 
It has committed nuclear weapon states to disarm.
Despite its solid record, the NPT is under growing strain. 
Despite its solid record, the NPT is under growing strain.
There are a number of reasons for this highly unfortunate state of affairs. 
There are a number of reasons for this highly unfortunate state of affairs.
There can be no doubt that the current outstanding proliferation challenges are a major factor. 
There can be no doubt that the current outstanding proliferation challenges are a major factor.
It is furthermore deplorable that so many countries are failing to take the appropriate steps to sustain the global non-proliferation regime. 
It is furthermore deplorable that so many countries are failing to take the appropriate steps to sustain the global non-proliferation regime.
Finally, there is a widespread perception that the nuclear weapon states have not delivered on their disarmament commitments. 
Finally, there is a widespread perception that the nuclear weapon states have not delivered on their disarmament commitments.
The path towards a nuclear weapon free world is difficult. 
The path towards a nuclear weapon free world is difficult.
We cannot make progress unless we are able to define common ground among the nations of the world. 
We cannot make progress unless we are able to define common ground among the nations of the world.
Such consensus has been lacking for too long. 
Such consensus has been lacking for too long.
Norway is working actively through the Seven-Nation Initiative on nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation to build bridges over past differences and to define the elements that could form a new international consensus. 
Norway is working actively through the Seven-Nation Initiative on nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation to build bridges over past differences and to define the elements that could form a new international consensus.
The other countries taking part in this Initiative are Australia, Chile, Indonesia, Romania, South Africa and the UK, i.e. countries from all the regional and political groupings in the world. 
The other countries taking part in this Initiative are Australia, Chile, Indonesia, Romania, South Africa and the UK, i.e. countries from all the regional and political groupings in the world.
If the countries in the Seven-Nation Initiative can reach agreement on key steps, that would greatly facilitate consensus building on a larger scale. 
If the countries in the Seven-Nation Initiative can reach agreement on key steps, that would greatly facilitate consensus building on a larger scale.
Nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation must go hand in hand. 
Nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation must go hand in hand.
Norway will continue its strenuous efforts to implement Security Council resolution 1540 and to persuade all other countries to follow suit. 
Norway will continue its strenuous efforts to implement Security Council resolution 1540 and to persuade all other countries to follow suit.
We will also continue our commitment to other non-proliferation initiatives such as the G8 Global Partnership against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction, the EU strategy in the same area, the Proliferation Security Initiative and the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism. 
We will also continue our commitment to other non-proliferation initiatives such as the G8 Global Partnership against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction, the EU strategy in the same area, the Proliferation Security Initiative and the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism.
Although biological and chemical agents are generally considered to be of less military utility, the prospects of terrorist groups using such materials are frightening. 
Although biological and chemical agents are generally considered to be of less military utility, the prospects of terrorist groups using such materials are frightening.
Norway will therefore continue to strengthen the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention and promote its universal ratification. 
Norway will therefore continue to strengthen the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention and promote its universal ratification.
We will also continue our efforts to ensure full implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention by all states parties. 
We will also continue our efforts to ensure full implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention by all states parties.
Conventional arms control and disarmament 
Conventional arms control and disarmament
However, most of those killed or wounded in modern wars and armed conflict are victims of conventional weapons, particularly small arms and other light weapons, landmines and cluster munitions. 
However, most of those killed or wounded in modern wars and armed conflict are victims of conventional weapons, particularly small arms and other light weapons, landmines and cluster munitions.
The vast majority of these victims are civilians. 
The vast majority of these victims are civilians.
The overwhelming share of global military spending is on conventional weapons and equipment. 
The overwhelming share of global military spending is on conventional weapons and equipment.
In many cases, the trade in such weapons – particularly small arms – is very poorly controlled and often veiled in secrecy and lack of transparency. 
In many cases, the trade in such weapons – particularly small arms – is very poorly controlled and often veiled in secrecy and lack of transparency.
This paves the way for corruption, crime, violent conflict and war. 
This paves the way for corruption, crime, violent conflict and war.
In turn, this is hampering social and economic development. 
In turn, this is hampering social and economic development.
Therefore an important motivation for disarmament is to reduce human suffering by contributing to good governance and redirecting military expenditure to more productive areas. 
Therefore an important motivation for disarmament is to reduce human suffering by contributing to good governance and redirecting military expenditure to more productive areas.
This is disarmament as humanitarian action. 
This is disarmament as humanitarian action.
International treaties in the field of humanitarian disarmament will further enhance regional and global cooperation and strengthen international law. 
International treaties in the field of humanitarian disarmament will further enhance regional and global cooperation and strengthen international law.
For all these reasons, Norway is a strong supporter of arms control and disarmament accords. 
For all these reasons, Norway is a strong supporter of arms control and disarmament accords.
We are working towards our disarmament objectives through a number of global and regional organisations. 
We are working towards our disarmament objectives through a number of global and regional organisations.
Foremost among these are the UN, NATO and the OSCE. 
Foremost among these are the UN, NATO and the OSCE.