natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
What about the waters beyond the reach of the coastal states? 
What about the waters beyond the reach of the coastal states?
Here too the rules are clear. 
Here too the rules are clear.
The areas in the Arctic that will not constitute exclusive economic zones or continental shelf will belong to an area in which the resources are referred to by the Convention as the “common heritage of mankind”. 
The areas in the Arctic that will not constitute exclusive economic zones or continental shelf will belong to an area in which the resources are referred to by the Convention as the “common heritage of mankind”.
And finally, not all issues can be addressed through rules. 
And finally, not all issues can be addressed through rules.
We also need policies. 
We also need policies.
Clearly – as Hans Corell observed – the fact that the Convention on the Law of the Sea applies in the Arctic certainly does not mean that there is no need for further work at the international level. 
Clearly – as Hans Corell observed – the fact that the Convention on the Law of the Sea applies in the Arctic certainly does not mean that there is no need for further work at the international level.
Indeed there is, in particular to ensure the protection of the environment in this extremely sensitive area. 
Indeed there is, in particular to ensure the protection of the environment in this extremely sensitive area.
This may call for new regulations. 
This may call for new regulations.
But above all, we are in need of policies. 
But above all, we are in need of policies.
This is the real focus of my Government. 
This is the real focus of my Government.
We need wise, sound and sustainable policies for this highly vulnerable region. 
We need wise, sound and sustainable policies for this highly vulnerable region.
This is one reason why we have defined the High North as our strategic priority. 
This is one reason why we have defined the High North as our strategic priority.
We are developing Norwegian policies for Norwegian waters - such as the comprehensive management plan for the Barents Sea which addresses the various needs linked to energy exploration, management of fishing resources, transport and environmental concerns. 
We are developing Norwegian policies for Norwegian waters - such as the comprehensive management plan for the Barents Sea which addresses the various needs linked to energy exploration, management of fishing resources, transport and environmental concerns.
At a next stage, developing policies is a prime task for modern multilateralism. 
At a next stage, developing policies is a prime task for modern multilateralism.
A number of guidelines have been developed by important bodies such as the Arctic Council. 
A number of guidelines have been developed by important bodies such as the Arctic Council.
It has formulated guidelines for Arctic oil and gas exploration, building on the precautionary approach, defining a number of important minimum obligations, and leaving it to the states concerned to go beyond if required. 
It has formulated guidelines for Arctic oil and gas exploration, building on the precautionary approach, defining a number of important minimum obligations, and leaving it to the states concerned to go beyond if required.
A number of other guidelines have been adopted or are being considered, together with a large number of cooperative projects. 
A number of other guidelines have been adopted or are being considered, together with a large number of cooperative projects.
One key challenge of ice melting is the increasing amount of drifting ice, combined with more navigation. 
One key challenge of ice melting is the increasing amount of drifting ice, combined with more navigation.
This requires increased preparedness and cooperation, including with regard to search and rescue. 
This requires increased preparedness and cooperation, including with regard to search and rescue.
Challenges in the northern waters are in this respect notoriously difficult to meet, partly because of large distances. 
Challenges in the northern waters are in this respect notoriously difficult to meet, partly because of large distances.
We rely heavily on increased cooperation, including between coastal states, but also with flag states. 
We rely heavily on increased cooperation, including between coastal states, but also with flag states.
So let me sum up: 
So let me sum up:
• There should be no fundamental uncertainty about how the Arctic is to be governed. 
• There should be no fundamental uncertainty about how the Arctic is to be governed.
• A key challenge is to secure ratification by all states. 
• A key challenge is to secure ratification by all states.
It would be a real step forward if President Bush succeeded in securing ratification of the Convention by the Senate. 
It would be a real step forward if President Bush succeeded in securing ratification of the Convention by the Senate.
This would enable the US to join with all the rights and obligations of the nation state. 
This would enable the US to join with all the rights and obligations of the nation state.
• Calls for a new legal regime risk creating uncertainty, and may undermine the existing framework. 
• Calls for a new legal regime risk creating uncertainty, and may undermine the existing framework.
Let us not go down that road. 
Let us not go down that road.
• What we now need is to make sure that the coastal states and others continue to implement existing international agreements in an effective manner. 
• What we now need is to make sure that the coastal states and others continue to implement existing international agreements in an effective manner.
And we should always be open to exploring new mechanisms for cooperation to address future developments. 
And we should always be open to exploring new mechanisms for cooperation to address future developments.
• Last October the heads of legal affairs of the five Arctic coastal states – Russia, Norway, Denmark/Greenland, the United States and Canada – met and agreed on a common approach to these key issues. 
• Last October the heads of legal affairs of the five Arctic coastal states – Russia, Norway, Denmark/Greenland, the United States and Canada – met and agreed on a common approach to these key issues.
At the end of this month I will go to Greenland to meet representatives of the five coastal states at political level. 
At the end of this month I will go to Greenland to meet representatives of the five coastal states at political level.
A main objective will be to reaffirm circumpolar agreement on the main norms and regulations that apply to the Arctic. 
A main objective will be to reaffirm circumpolar agreement on the main norms and regulations that apply to the Arctic.
• I said at the outset that we are all affected by developments in the High North. 
• I said at the outset that we are all affected by developments in the High North.
I might add that the High North is affected by all of us. 
I might add that the High North is affected by all of us.
Reducing climate change is a global challenge. 
Reducing climate change is a global challenge.
Managing the effects of climate change in the Arctic Ocean is a major regional challenge for coastal states and others. 
Managing the effects of climate change in the Arctic Ocean is a major regional challenge for coastal states and others.
Fortunately we have a robust legal regime in place to guide us as the Arctic Ocean opens. 
Fortunately we have a robust legal regime in place to guide us as the Arctic Ocean opens.
Arctic Governance in a global world: is it time for an Arctic Charter? 
Arctic Governance in a global world: is it time for an Arctic Charter?
Ten Chinese undergraduates win study tour to Svalbard 
Norsk-kinesisk klimaprosjekt bringer kinesiske studenter til Svalbard
The project is jointly organised by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Norwegian Consulate General in Shanghai. 
UD støtter samarbeidsprosjekt mellom Polar Research Institute of China og Generalkonsulatet i Shanghai.
The project is supported by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Oslo and is jointly organised by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Norwegian Consulate General in Shanghai. 
Utenriksdepartementet støtter prosjektet, som er et samarbeidsprosjekt mellom Polar Research Institute of China og Generalkonsulatet i Shanghai.
Chairs, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, 
Chairs, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen,
Thank you very much for the invitation to Arctic Frontiers and for the opportunity to address you this morning. 
Thank you very much for the invitation to Arctic Frontiers and for the opportunity to address you this morning.
I bring you all the warmest greetings from our Minister of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs, Lisbeth Berg-Hansen, who unfortunately is not able to be here today. 
I bring you all the warmest greetings from our Minister of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs, Lisbeth Berg-Hansen, who unfortunately is not able to be here today.
I would like to begin by congratulating Arctic Frontiers for its success in creating such an important meeting place and drawing attention to the challenges and opportunities in this region. 
I would like to begin by congratulating Arctic Frontiers for its success in creating such an important meeting place and drawing attention to the challenges and opportunities in this region.
The High North is the Government’s most important strategic priority area 
The High North is the Government’s most important strategic priority area
When the present Norwegian Government took office in 2005 we declared that the High North shall be the Government’s most important strategic priority area for foreign policy and shall contribute to positive developments in the North. 
When the present Norwegian Government took office in 2005 we declared that the High North shall be the Government’s most important strategic priority area for foreign policy and shall contribute to positive developments in the North.
This was reconfirmed when the Government was re-elected last autumn and is actively followed up in our daily work. 
This was reconfirmed when the Government was re-elected last autumn and is actively followed up in our daily work.
I am pleased to see that a number of other countries are not only becoming more aware of the High North, but have also decided to develop specific High North policy strategies, albeit with somewhat different focus. 
I am pleased to see that a number of other countries are not only becoming more aware of the High North, but have also decided to develop specific High North policy strategies, albeit with somewhat different focus.
For Norway the overall aim is to: 
For Norway the overall aim is to:
enhance knowledge in and about the north, 
enhance knowledge in and about the north,
increase our activity and presence in the area, and 
increase our activity and presence in the area, and
lay the foundations for sustainable economic and social development in the years to come. 
lay the foundations for sustainable economic and social development in the years to come.
Arctic climate change 
Arctic climate change
Climate change is one of the most important challenges in this region. 
Climate change is one of the most important challenges in this region.
Global warming is taking place more rapidly and more visibly in the Arctic than most other places in the world. 
Global warming is taking place more rapidly and more visibly in the Arctic than most other places in the world.
I will come back to this issue more directly later today, as scheduled in the programme. 
I will come back to this issue more directly later today, as scheduled in the programme.
The extent of Arctic sea ice in summer has decreased dramatically over the last three decades. 
The extent of Arctic sea ice in summer has decreased dramatically over the last three decades.
This is having a major impact on marine ecosystems and the lives of indigenous peoples who depend on the ice for hunting and travel. 
This is having a major impact on marine ecosystems and the lives of indigenous peoples who depend on the ice for hunting and travel.
However, this will also open up opportunities for commercial activities like shipping, extraction of oil and gas, fisheries and tourism. 
However, this will also open up opportunities for commercial activities like shipping, extraction of oil and gas, fisheries and tourism.
These activities create new technical, environmental and political challenges that will have to be dealt with. 
These activities create new technical, environmental and political challenges that will have to be dealt with.
The need for sustainable management 
The need for sustainable management
The Arctic states have a huge responsibility. 
The Arctic states have a huge responsibility.
What happens in the Arctic is of global importance. 
What happens in the Arctic is of global importance.
The world population is projected to reach 9 billion by 2050. 
The world population is projected to reach 9 billion by 2050.
There will clearly be an increased demand for food, energy and other resources. 
There will clearly be an increased demand for food, energy and other resources.
Therefore, sustainable management of the oceans to ensure the production of food is of crucial importance. 
Therefore, sustainable management of the oceans to ensure the production of food is of crucial importance.
We must explore new resources and expect that the international community will utilise the High North in new ways. 
We must explore new resources and expect that the international community will utilise the High North in new ways.
The precautionary principle and sustainability are our main principles. 
The precautionary principle and sustainability are our main principles.
In addition, protection of certain areas will have to be considered. 
In addition, protection of certain areas will have to be considered.
In the attempt to halt the loss of marine biodiversity, Norway has endorsed the goal of establishing an international network of Marine Protected Areas. 
In the attempt to halt the loss of marine biodiversity, Norway has endorsed the goal of establishing an international network of Marine Protected Areas.
In general, however, I do believe that it is possible to maintain ecosystem health and productivity and at the same time harvest living marine resources in a sustainable way. 
In general, however, I do believe that it is possible to maintain ecosystem health and productivity and at the same time harvest living marine resources in a sustainable way.
Establishing Marine Protected Areas is not synonymous with establishing “no-take” reserves. 
Establishing Marine Protected Areas is not synonymous with establishing “no-take” reserves.
Robust legal framework 
Robust legal framework
These issues will have to be addressed by the Arctic states. 
These issues will have to be addressed by the Arctic states.
It will be a delicate balancing act. 
It will be a delicate balancing act.
Let me at this stage underline two vital elements in the framework for Arctic cooperation. 
Let me at this stage underline two vital elements in the framework for Arctic cooperation.
The Arctic is by no means an ungoverned area. 
The Arctic is by no means an ungoverned area.
The fact that the sea ice is retreating doesn’t change this. 
The fact that the sea ice is retreating doesn’t change this.
The region is already covered by the principles and regulations enshrined in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, in addition to various environmental and fisheries agreements, rules of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and other general regulations. 
The region is already covered by the principles and regulations enshrined in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, in addition to various environmental and fisheries agreements, rules of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and other general regulations.
More than 150 states are party to the Law of the Sea Convention. 
More than 150 states are party to the Law of the Sea Convention.
It reflects international customary law on a broad range of key issues. 
It reflects international customary law on a broad range of key issues.
In addition to refining the existing legal structure, there is a need to strengthen cooperation in specific areas and to develop political dialogue. 
In addition to refining the existing legal structure, there is a need to strengthen cooperation in specific areas and to develop political dialogue.
Maintaining the situation of low tension is vital for this process. 
Maintaining the situation of low tension is vital for this process.
The Arctic today is a region characterised by close cooperation and the absence of conflict, an area of peace and stability. 
The Arctic today is a region characterised by close cooperation and the absence of conflict, an area of peace and stability.
Our primary responsibility is to maintain this favourable situation. 
Our primary responsibility is to maintain this favourable situation.
Political dialogue 
Political dialogue
The Arctic Council is the only regional body that includes all Arctic states, indigenous peoples and relevant observers, and is thus an important tool. 
The Arctic Council is the only regional body that includes all Arctic states, indigenous peoples and relevant observers, and is thus an important tool.
Norway is very pleased that we have been able to develop the Arctic Council into an efficient body for discussions and policy initiatives in such a short time. 
Norway is very pleased that we have been able to develop the Arctic Council into an efficient body for discussions and policy initiatives in such a short time.
In recent years, we have had extensive discussions on the role of observers in the Arctic Council. 
In recent years, we have had extensive discussions on the role of observers in the Arctic Council.
It is Norway’s view that the Arctic Council is served by having officially sanctioned observers. 
It is Norway’s view that the Arctic Council is served by having officially sanctioned observers.
Formalisation of the status of observers strengthens the undisputed role of the Arctic Council as the leading Arctic circumpolar body. 
Formalisation of the status of observers strengthens the undisputed role of the Arctic Council as the leading Arctic circumpolar body.
Everyone agrees that the observers are important partners. 
Everyone agrees that the observers are important partners.
We will continue to discuss how to give them a better role in the work of the Council. 
We will continue to discuss how to give them a better role in the work of the Council.
In 2007 we established a secretariat for the Arctic Council here in Tromsø. 
In 2007 we established a secretariat for the Arctic Council here in Tromsø.
I congratulate the secretariat on its achievements, and on the way it has added value to the work of the Arctic Council. 
I congratulate the secretariat on its achievements, and on the way it has added value to the work of the Arctic Council.
Norway, Denmark and Sweden have agreed that the secretariat should continue to operate at least up to the 2013 Ministerial Meeting. 
Norway, Denmark and Sweden have agreed that the secretariat should continue to operate at least up to the 2013 Ministerial Meeting.
I sincerely hope that the secretariat will have proven its value by then, and that it will continue in Tromsø on a permanent basis. 
I sincerely hope that the secretariat will have proven its value by then, and that it will continue in Tromsø on a permanent basis.
The Council does not take formal decisions. 
The Council does not take formal decisions.
Its role is decision-shaping rather than decision-making. 
Its role is decision-shaping rather than decision-making.
It has proven itself to be an efficient instrument for providing guidelines, best practices and knowledge for other international forums where decisions are made. 
It has proven itself to be an efficient instrument for providing guidelines, best practices and knowledge for other international forums where decisions are made.
And I think it is important to strengthen this work further. 
And I think it is important to strengthen this work further.
Areas for Arctic cooperation 
Areas for Arctic cooperation
Let us now leave the general discussion on legal structures and political bodies and focus on some of the specific areas of cooperation. 
Let us now leave the general discussion on legal structures and political bodies and focus on some of the specific areas of cooperation.
Shipping 
Shipping
Less ice in the Arctic Ocean means that new sea areas are opening up. 
Less ice in the Arctic Ocean means that new sea areas are opening up.
Potential new shipping routes could reduce the transport distance between Western Europe and Asia by about 50%. 
Potential new shipping routes could reduce the transport distance between Western Europe and Asia by about 50%.
Increased shipping activity must be met with a combination of requirements for ships navigating the area and the establishment of an adequate maritime infrastructure. 
Increased shipping activity must be met with a combination of requirements for ships navigating the area and the establishment of an adequate maritime infrastructure.
It is difficult to construct a reliable traditional system of navigation in the polar areas. 
It is difficult to construct a reliable traditional system of navigation in the polar areas.
Therefore, development of virtual aids to navigation in the Arctic should be given high priority. 
Therefore, development of virtual aids to navigation in the Arctic should be given high priority.
With regard to infrastructure, electronic navigation systems are already in place. 
With regard to infrastructure, electronic navigation systems are already in place.
Today, both the American and Russian global satellite navigation systems – GPS and GLONASS – are in operation. 
Today, both the American and Russian global satellite navigation systems – GPS and GLONASS – are in operation.
In addition, a new European global system – Galileo –,as well as a Chinese system are being established. 
In addition, a new European global system – Galileo –,as well as a Chinese system are being established.
Monitoring and surveillance will be important preventive measures to ensure cost-effective, safe and secure transport by sea. 
Monitoring and surveillance will be important preventive measures to ensure cost-effective, safe and secure transport by sea.
But the challenge here is, of course, to combine and integrate existing and new systems, both regionally and globally. 
But the challenge here is, of course, to combine and integrate existing and new systems, both regionally and globally.
Norway and the other circumpolar nations are currently addressing this issue within the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA). 
Norway and the other circumpolar nations are currently addressing this issue within the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA).
Monitoring sea transport and routing measures are important to make shipping activities safer and more efficient. 
Monitoring sea transport and routing measures are important to make shipping activities safer and more efficient.
I would also like to mention an exciting new project that we have high hopes for – a monitoring and warning system in the High North, called Barents Watch. 
I would also like to mention an exciting new project that we have high hopes for – a monitoring and warning system in the High North, called Barents Watch.
The purpose of the system is to gather data from various sector systems and make real-time and historical data available in a single integrated system. 
The purpose of the system is to gather data from various sector systems and make real-time and historical data available in a single integrated system.
This will give us new insights and make it possible to take more preventive action, and thus utilise and govern this area in a more efficient way. 
This will give us new insights and make it possible to take more preventive action, and thus utilise and govern this area in a more efficient way.