natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
This may particularly apply to single women (widows, divorcees or unmarried women). 
Dette kan særlig gjelde enslige kvinner (enker, skilte eller ugifte).
They may, to a greater extent than men, be subjected to discrimination and harassment, and it may be more difficult for them to find employment and thus support themselves and any children. 
De kan i større grad enn menn bli utsatt for diskriminering og trakassering, og de kan ha vanskeligere for å få arbeid og således kunne forsørge seg og eventuelle barn.
The gender perspective may furthermore have relevance in connection with the other factors, such as the area’s accessibility. 
Kjønnsperspektivet kan imidlertid også ha relevans ved de andre momentene, som for eksempel områdets tilgjengelighet.
3.6 Sur place 
3.6 Sur place
In some cases, sur place issues may be relevant, i.e. that the need for protection claimed by the applicant has arisen since leaving the country of origin. 
I noen saker vil sur place-problematikk være relevant, dvs. at søkerens anførte beskyttelsesbehov har oppstått etter utreise fra hjemlandet.
In Norwegian practice, many cases have, for example, been dealt with where the applicant has not made his or her sexual orientation known before seeking asylum in Norway. 
I norsk praksis har det for eksempel vært behandlet mange saker hvor søkeren ikke har stått frem med sin seksuelle orientering før vedkommende søker asyl i Norge.
If it is found that the applicant is a homosexual and that, by taking the consequences of his or her sexual orientation, he or she risks persecution on return to the country of origin, asylum shall be granted regardless of the applicant’s conduct/behaviour in the country of origin prior to leaving (referred to as subjective sur place). 
Hvis det legges til grunn at søkeren er homofil og at han eller hun ved å ta konsekvensen av sin legning risikerer forfølgelse ved retur til hjemlandet, skal det gis asyl uavhengig av søkerens livsførsel/opptreden i hjemlandet før utreisen (såkalt subjektiv sur place).
This is in compliance with the practice that has long been followed in homosexuality cases, which originates in the Ministry of Justice’s guidelines from 1998. 
Dette er i tråd med den praksis som gjennom lang tid har vært lagt til grunn i homofilisaker, og som har sin opprinnelse i Justisdepartementets retningslinjer fra 1998.
As in other asylum cases, in sur place cases a specific and individual assessment must be made of the risk on return. 
Som i andre asylsaker, må det også i sur place-saker gjøres en konkret og individuell vurdering av risikoen ved retur.
When there is no relationship between the risk of persecution and a convention ground but there is nevertheless a genuine risk of inhumane or degrading treatment, etc., the applicant will in principle be entitled to a residence permit on grounds of protection, cf. section 15, first paragraph, of the Act, cf. section 21, first paragraph, of the Regulation. 
Der det ikke foreligger en sammenheng mellom forfølgelsesfare og konvensjonsgrunn, men det likevel er en reell fare for umenneskelig eller nedverdigende behandling mv., vil søkeren i utgangspunktet være berettiget til oppholdstillatelse av beskyttelsesgrunner, jf. loven § 15 første ledd, jf. forskriften § 21 første ledd.
As regards gender-related claims, permits have typically been granted pursuant to this provision in cases where it has been difficult to establish causal relationships between the convention ground “membership of a particular social group” and the risk of persecution, while there has been a risk of abuse of sufficient seriousness and scope in the country of origin. 
Når det gjelder kjønnsrelaterte anførsler, har tillatelse etter denne bestemmelsen typisk vært gitt i tilfeller hvor det har vært problematisk å konstatere årsakssammenheng mellom konvensjonsgrunnen ”medlemskap i en spesiell sosial gruppe” og forfølgelsesfaren, og det samtidig har vært risiko for overgrep av tilstrekkelig alvor og omfang i hjemlandet.
The discretionary assessment of whether “strong humanitarian grounds” and/or “a particular connection with Norway” indicate that a residence permit should be granted includes not only factors associated with the individual case, but also more general considerations, such as immigration policy considerations, consistency considerations and considerations regarding equal treatment. 
I den skjønnsmessige vurderingen av om ”sterke menneskelige hensyn” og/eller ”særlig tilknytning til riket” tilsier at det bør gis oppholdstillatelse, inngår ikke bare momenter knyttet til den enkelte sak, men også mer generelle hensyn, som innvandringspolitiske hensyn, konsekvenshensyn og hensynet til likebehandling.
The provision must not be used in a manner that results in erosion of the main provisions of the Act. 
Bestemmelsen må ikke brukes på en måte som fører til uthuling av lovens hovedregler.
In connection with asylum cases, section 8, second paragraph, will function primarily as a protection provision. 
I forbindelse med asylsaker, vil § 8 annet ledd primært være en beskyttelsesbestemmelse.
Protection claims that do not result in the granting of asylum or protection against return may be relevant in a general assessment together with other circumstances. 
Beskyttelsesanførsler som ikke når opp til asyl eller vern mot retur, kan være relevante i en helhetsvurdering sammen med andre omstendigheter.
Previous violence and a risk of further violence may for example be combined with health problems of a certain seriousness. 
Det kan f.eks. være en kombinasjon av tidligere erfart vold og fare for ny vold, sammen med helseproblemer av et visst alvor.
In such cases, it is also relevant consider the possibility of receiving medical assistance in the country of origin and of, for example, escaping a violent marriage (if it is possible to obtain a divorce), and to acquire the assistance of the authorities or of other relatives to establish a life independent of a violent spouse. 
I slike tilfeller vil det også være relevant å se hen til muligheten for helsehjelp i hjemlandet og til å komme ut av eksempelvis et voldelig ekteskap (om det er mulig å oppnå skilsmisse), og til å få hjelp av myndighetene eller andre slektninger til å etablere et liv uavhengig av en eventuell voldelig ektefelle.
Single women and women with dependent children may be more vulnerable in many communities than single men or women who reside in a family. 
Enslige kvinner, og kvinner med ansvar for barn, vil kunne være mer sårbare i mange samfunn enn enslige menn eller kvinner som lever i en familie.
On return to her country of origin, it may be difficult for a woman to obtain employment, accommodation or a decent life if she does not have a social network. 
Det kan være vanskelig for en kvinne å skaffe seg arbeid, bolig eller oppnå en verdig livssituasjon uten et sosialt nettverk ved retur.
In some cases, single women may be subjected to a risk of general abuse, although there are no grounds for granting asylum. 
I en del tilfeller vil enslige kvinner kunne være utsatt for en generell overgrepsfare, selv om det ikke er grunnlag for å innvilge asyl.
In all cases, it must be carefully assessed whether the return situation can be expected to be so difficult that there is a basis for granting residence in Norway on strong humanitarian grounds. 
Det må i alle saker nøye vurderes hvorvidt retursituasjonen påregnelig vil være så vanskelig at det er grunnlag for å innvilge opphold i Norge på grunn av sterke menneskelige hensyn.
Violence against women in marriage is a particularly prevalent and partly accepted phenomenon in many countries. 
Vold mot kvinner i ekteskapet er et særlig utbredt og delvis akseptert fenomen i mange land.
The potential level of immigration is therefore considerable if this is recognised as a basis for granting residence permits. 
Innvandringspotensialet er derfor betydelig ved anerkjennelse av dette som grunnlag for tillatelse.
In cases where all the conditions for refugee status are met or where Norway is obliged by international rules not to return an applicant, this is not relevant. 
Der hvor alle vilkårene for flyktningstatus er oppfylt, eller hvor Norge er forpliktet iht. internasjonale regler til ikke å returnere søkeren, er dette ikke relevant.
However, in cases where the applicant has no claim to refugee status or to a residence permit on grounds of protection, considerations favouring the granting of a permit must be weighed against immigration policy considerations. 
I saker hvor søkeren derimot ikke har krav på flyktningstatus eller oppholdstillatelse av beskyttelsesgrunner, vil de hensyn som taler for å innvilge en tillatelse måtte avveies mot innvandringspolitiske hensyn.
COMMENCEMENT 
IKRAFTTREDELSE
These instructions enter into force immediately. 
Instruksen trer i kraft umiddelbart.
Yours faithfully 
Med hilsen
Thor Arne Aass (by authority) Director General 
Thor Arne Aass (e.f) ekspedisjonssjef Unni Mette Vårdal seniorrådgiver
Unni Mette Vårdal Senior Adviser CC: Immigration Appeals Board 
Kopi: Utlendingsnemnda
Kavli Prizes awarded to seven outstanding researchers 
Kavliprisene 2012 til syv fremragende forskere
Seven outstanding researchers are awarded this year’s Kavli Prizes in astrophysics, neuroscience and nanoscience. 
Kavliprisene i astrofysikk, nevrovitenskap og nanovitenskap er i år tildelt syv fremragende forskere.
Four of them are women. 
Hele fire av prisvinnerne er kvinner.
I hope that this will serve as an inspiration for young female scientists, says Minister of Education and Research Kristin Halvorsen. 
Jeg håper at dette vil være til inspirasjon for unge kvinnelige forskere, sier kunnskapsminister Kristin Halvorsen.
-All seven winners have delivered outstanding results within their fields, and I congratulate them all, says Halvorsen. 
- Alle de syv vinnerne har levert fremragende resultater innenfor sine respektive fagfelt, og jeg vil gratulere dem alle med prisen, sier Halvorsen.
The Kavli Prizes are awarded biennially to recognize scientists for their seminal advances in the research areas astrophysics, neuroscience and nanoscience. 
Kavliprisene deles ut annethvert år til fremragende forskere innen fagområdene nevrovitenskap, nanovitenskap og astrofysikk.
This year’s award ceremony will take place on September 4 in Oslo Concert Hall. 
Årets prisutdeling finner sted 4. september i Oslo konserthus.
Read more at http://www.kavliprize.no/ 
Les mer og se video på www.kavliprize.no
The Kavli Prize Science Forum, Oslo 6 September 2010 
The Kavli Prize Science Forum, Oslo 6. september 2010
Norway is the fifth largest polar research nation in the world. 
Norway is the fifth largest polar research nation in the world.
This makes you – scientists and researchers – key drivers, key players, in the efforts to meet our global challenges, be it in the Arctic or in other regions or fields, Foreign Minister Jonas Gahr Støre said in his opening remarks at the Kavli Prize Science Forum 6 September. 
This makes you – scientists and researchers – key drivers, key players, in the efforts to meet our global challenges, be it in the Arctic or in other regions or fields, sa utenriksminister Støre bl.a. i sitt innlegg i forbindelse med utdelingen av Kavli-prisen 6. september 2010.
Excellencies, Ladies and gentlemen, Dear friends, 
Excellencies, Ladies and gentlemen, Dear friends,
In a speech at Yale University in May this year, former President Bill Clinton told graduating seniors about the recent scientific discovery that life is possible because there is more positive matter in the universe than negative. 
In a speech at Yale University in May this year, former President Bill Clinton told graduating seniors about the recent scientific discovery that life is possible because there is more positive matter in the universe than negative.
And, Clinton continued, “If that is true, it is a metaphor for how you have to live... 
And, Clinton continued, “If that is true, it is a metaphor for how you have to live...
The mission of every citizen in the world has to be to build up the positive and reduce the negative forces of our interdependence... 
The mission of every citizen in the world has to be to build up the positive and reduce the negative forces of our interdependence...
The goal should be the non-zero sum game, that is, finding solutions to the world’s problems in which everybody wins.” 
The goal should be the non-zero sum game, that is, finding solutions to the world’s problems in which everybody wins.”
Life is possible because there is more positive matter in the universe – I think that means you! 
Life is possible because there is more positive matter in the universe – I think that means you!
So, I would like to thank you for inviting me to the Kavli Prize Science Forum this afternoon. 
So, I would like to thank you for inviting me to the Kavli Prize Science Forum this afternoon.
I am honoured to address this distinguished audience of scientists. 
I am honoured to address this distinguished audience of scientists.
I am honoured to welcome you to Oslo, and I am pleased to be given this opportunity to share a few perspectives on a highly relevant theme – the role of international cooperation in science. 
I am honoured to welcome you to Oslo, and I am pleased to be given this opportunity to share a few perspectives on a highly relevant theme – the role of international cooperation in science.
However, some of you may ask - and I have asked myself this – why is a Norwegian Foreign Minister present at such an event as this? 
However, some of you may ask - and I have asked myself this – why is a Norwegian Foreign Minister present at such an event as this?
Isn’t this a theme beyond the world of diplomacy and inter-state relations? 
Isn’t this a theme beyond the world of diplomacy and inter-state relations?
No – it isn’t. 
No – it isn’t.
It is well within this world – my world. 
It is well within this world – my world.
First, because science and research form the foundation for how to understand the world in which we are living in today. 
First, because science and research form the foundation for how to understand the world in which we are living in today.
Second, because science and research provide the basic raw material for my profession – foreign policy and diplomacy – and so for my job as Foreign Minister. 
Second, because science and research provide the basic raw material for my profession – foreign policy and diplomacy – and so for my job as Foreign Minister.
Third, because the world of science and research has large worldwide networks that are so vital for facing the world’s global challenges, together. 
Third, because the world of science and research has large worldwide networks that are so vital for facing the world’s global challenges, together.
So, this is why I am here. 
So, this is why I am here.
In the last instance, political decisions are based on human considerations and human trade-offs. 
In the last instance, political decisions are based on human considerations and human trade-offs.
Although there is a discipline called political science, politics and foreign policy are not science. 
Although there is a discipline called political science, politics and foreign policy are not science.
But we – as ministers, parliamentarians and politicians, at national and local levels – cannot consider or decide on the right political actions unless the facts have been established. 
But we – as ministers, parliamentarians and politicians, at national and local levels – cannot consider or decide on the right political actions unless the facts have been established.
Our room for manoeuvre as politicians is in large part shaped by the knowledge you – as scientists – produce. 
Our room for manoeuvre as politicians is in large part shaped by the knowledge you – as scientists – produce.
As I see it, it has never been more timely for a Foreign Minister to devote interest, attention – and even at times passion – to science cooperation than it is today, given the character of many of the challenges we are facing. 
As I see it, it has never been more timely for a Foreign Minister to devote interest, attention – and even at times passion – to science cooperation than it is today, given the character of many of the challenges we are facing.
Because these challenges are complex: they are national and they are international at the same time; they are trans-national and global. 
Because these challenges are complex: they are national and they are international at the same time; they are trans-national and global.
This is indeed an arena that challenges traditional decision-making. 
This is indeed an arena that challenges traditional decision-making.
Let me also thank the man who has made this Science Prize possible, Mr Fred Kavli, who is present here today. 
Let me also thank the man who has made this Science Prize possible, Mr Fred Kavli, who is present here today.
He moved to the “land of opportunities” on the other side of the Atlantic as a young man, after completing his Engineering degree at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim. 
He moved to the “land of opportunities” on the other side of the Atlantic as a young man, after completing his Engineering degree at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim.
And in 1958 he founded the Kavlico Corporation in Los Angeles, which produces sensors for aeroplanes and cars. 
And in 1958 he founded the Kavlico Corporation in Los Angeles, which produces sensors for aeroplanes and cars.
This – as we all know – has been a true success story, an “American dream”. 
This – as we all know – has been a true success story, an “American dream”.
Mr Kavli has demonstrated the huge potential of combining new knowledge with good entrepreneurship. 
Mr Kavli has demonstrated the huge potential of combining new knowledge with good entrepreneurship.
His list of achievements is impressive; it stands out. 
His list of achievements is impressive; it stands out.
We are all grateful to Mr Kavli and the Kavli Foundation for establishing the biannual International Science Prize in 2008 – and not least for locating it here in Oslo, in cooperation with the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research and the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. 
We are all grateful to Mr Kavli and the Kavli Foundation for establishing the biannual International Science Prize in 2008 – and not least for locating it here in Oslo, in cooperation with the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research and the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.
Among the most complex of today’s global issues are climate change and the question of how to build sustainable economies and societies for the future. 
Among the most complex of today’s global issues are climate change and the question of how to build sustainable economies and societies for the future.
As governments we are called to order by science, if I may say so. 
As governments we are called to order by science, if I may say so.
Scientists will continue to weigh the evidence. 
Scientists will continue to weigh the evidence.
But the message is clear: man-made climate change is beyond doubt – and we need to act. 
But the message is clear: man-made climate change is beyond doubt – and we need to act.
Our decision-making processes, however, are mainly carried out within the nation state. 
Our decision-making processes, however, are mainly carried out within the nation state.
This has been the organising logic and pattern of the international system for almost four centuries. 
This has been the organising logic and pattern of the international system for almost four centuries.
The challenges posed by climate change alter fundamentally the foundation for this logic. 
The challenges posed by climate change alter fundamentally the foundation for this logic.
It is not new to find that certain major issues have to be dealt with by nation states together. 
It is not new to find that certain major issues have to be dealt with by nation states together.
But as far as climate change is concerned this is absolutely the case. 
But as far as climate change is concerned this is absolutely the case.
So, here is a challenge – and an opportunity: it is therefore obvious that international cooperation has a role in science – as the title of the Forum indicates and as the members of today’s panel have proven. 
So, here is a challenge – and an opportunity: it is therefore obvious that international cooperation has a role in science – as the title of the Forum indicates and as the members of today’s panel have proven.
But the reverse is also true: science has a role in international cooperation and foreign policy in general. 
But the reverse is also true: science has a role in international cooperation and foreign policy in general.
I believe that we must focus more on the links between the scientific community and the political system. 
I believe that we must focus more on the links between the scientific community and the political system.
Although we have distinctive roles to play, cooperation and better communication between us will be vital. 
Although we have distinctive roles to play, cooperation and better communication between us will be vital.
This is exactly what the Forum’s task today is, to provide a meeting place for both science and policy, from Asia, America and Europe. 
This is exactly what the Forum’s task today is, to provide a meeting place for both science and policy, from Asia, America and Europe.
Then there is another dilemma that we are facing: how to distinguish between probability and certainty? 
Then there is another dilemma that we are facing: how to distinguish between probability and certainty?
There will always be uncertainty related to scientific results. 
There will always be uncertainty related to scientific results.
In fact, scientific development depends on debate and critical questions. 
In fact, scientific development depends on debate and critical questions.
I often think that scientists should speak out more loudly, raise their voices, put the facts, the pros and contras straight on the table, be more definite in their conclusions, and less careful or cautious, so to speak. 
I often think that scientists should speak out more loudly, raise their voices, put the facts, the pros and contras straight on the table, be more definite in their conclusions, and less careful or cautious, so to speak.
Scientists’ findings should be a key ingredient in our decision-making, and not least in our communications to the public at large. 
Scientists’ findings should be a key ingredient in our decision-making, and not least in our communications to the public at large.
Because we depend on the public being aware of the dangers as well as opportunities. 
Because we depend on the public being aware of the dangers as well as opportunities.
One major hurdle to sound decision-making based on scientific input is the power of the so-called “merchants of doubt” – those forces who actively use uncertainty to play down the issue, or even to kill the issue. 
One major hurdle to sound decision-making based on scientific input is the power of the so-called “merchants of doubt” – those forces who actively use uncertainty to play down the issue, or even to kill the issue.
The tobacco industry became (in)famous for this when it systematically downplayed the evidence for all the risks linked to tobacco and smoking. 
The tobacco industry became (in)famous for this when it systematically downplayed the evidence for all the risks linked to tobacco and smoking.
Now, similar forces are at play in the climate change debate. 
Now, similar forces are at play in the climate change debate.
I experienced this when former Vice-President Al Gore and I presented a report on melting ice in the run-up to the Copenhagen climate conference last year. 
I experienced this when former Vice-President Al Gore and I presented a report on melting ice in the run-up to the Copenhagen climate conference last year.
The uncertainty intervals in a number of the assessments were presented as proof that there is nothing to worry about. 
The uncertainty intervals in a number of the assessments were presented as proof that there is nothing to worry about.