natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
That was also the period when the state system was shaped – Westphalia. 
That was also the period when the state system was shaped – Westphalia.
The way the world responds to the current crisis will have an impact on what the world of tomorrow will look like. 
The way the world responds to the current crisis will have an impact on what the world of tomorrow will look like.
In January 2008, IMF Managing Director Strauss-Kahn issued a warning that a financial crisis was emerging. 
In January 2008, IMF Managing Director Strauss-Kahn issued a warning that a financial crisis was emerging.
When the crisis struck later that year we saw positive effects of close international cooperation. 
When the crisis struck later that year we saw positive effects of close international cooperation.
A range of institutions were already in place, and states have been willing to make use of them. 
A range of institutions were already in place, and states have been willing to make use of them.
Coordinated rescue packages on an unprecedented scale were a key factor in preventing a total collapse of the world economy. 
Coordinated rescue packages on an unprecedented scale were a key factor in preventing a total collapse of the world economy.
Because states were in dire need – the IMF moved from virtual obscurity to prominence. 
Because states were in dire need – the IMF moved from virtual obscurity to prominence.
Pressure on governance, board representation – but still a key institution, also due to global membership of 187 countries 
Pressure on governance, board representation – but still a key institution, also due to global membership of 187 countries
WTO: world economy is just as open today as it was before the crisis, but we note the warnings that individual countries may feel forced to protect themselves against other countries’ rescue packages by increasing trade barriers, particularly of a surreptitious and indirect nature. 
WTO: world economy is just as open today as it was before the crisis, but we note the warnings that individual countries may feel forced to protect themselves against other countries’ rescue packages by increasing trade barriers, particularly of a surreptitious and indirect nature.
In addition: WTO is an organisation with teeth 
In addition: WTO is an organisation with teeth
But the key institution when the crisis hit was the G20. 
But the key institution when the crisis hit was the G20.
Showed resolve, common action/direction. 
Showed resolve, common action/direction.
Positive handling of initial stages. 
Positive handling of initial stages.
G20 still key – but some fundamental questions: self-appointed, lack of legitimacy, mandate, mission creep, Nordic interest. 
G20 still key – but some fundamental questions: self-appointed, lack of legitimacy, mandate, mission creep, Nordic interest.
Challenge for Norway: internationally exposed, responsible member of the international community – but without representation? 
Challenge for Norway: internationally exposed, responsible member of the international community – but without representation?
New dimension of foreign policy: international challenges linked to global finance and currencies, “currency wars” 
New dimension of foreign policy: international challenges linked to global finance and currencies, “currency wars”
China: Yuan overvalued. 
China: Yuan overvalued.
Prime Minister Wen warns of potential disaster if currency appreciates. 
Prime Minister Wen warns of potential disaster if currency appreciates.
Argument: danger to social stability and harmony in China (which is key priority). 
Argument: danger to social stability and harmony in China (which is key priority).
Question: for how long can China shield itself? 
Question: for how long can China shield itself?
China has not lost a soldier abroad since 1979. 
China has not lost a soldier abroad since 1979.
China’s exports: equivalent to one Norwegian Pension Fund every 8 months. 
China’s exports: equivalent to one Norwegian Pension Fund every 8 months.
Placing its surplus abroad (cf. Piraeus, etc.)US: despite all its imbalances –bound to win the “currency war”, by printing dollars. 
US: despite all its imbalances –bound to win the “currency war”, by printing dollars.
Where will excess dollars go? 
Where will excess dollars go?
To emerging markets – in turn exposing their local currencies will be stronger. 
To emerging markets – in turn exposing their local currencies will be stronger.
Vote in US Congress on sanctions against China. 
Vote in US Congress on sanctions against China.
Krugman: Too weak... 
Krugman: Too weak...
EU: sorting out internal imbalances. 
EU: sorting out internal imbalances.
Economic and financial affairs: policies without institutions. 
Economic and financial affairs: policies without institutions.
Foreign policy: institutions without policies. 
Foreign policy: institutions without policies.
Merkel/Sarkozy: on how to design and manage the financial stability pact. 
Merkel/Sarkozy: on how to design and manage the financial stability pact.
In sum: a real drama – also for foreign policy. 
In sum: a real drama – also for foreign policy.
Real conflicts – but fought in new arenas – without weapons. 
Real conflicts – but fought in new arenas – without weapons.
But exposing states. 
But exposing states.
• Danger is not that states will attack each other – the “old fashioned” way. 
Danger is not that states will attack each other – the “old fashioned” way.
But that states will fail, or weaken dramatically. 
But that states will fail, or weaken dramatically.
Again, the state system has been exposed by this crisis. 
Again, the state system has been exposed by this crisis.
Because states are exposed – foreign policy is exposed. 
Because states are exposed – foreign policy is exposed.
Fragile states: not only Afghanistan and Somalia. 
Fragile states: not only Afghanistan and Somalia.
Failed states: perhaps number one threat to international peace and security. 
Failed states: perhaps number one threat to international peace and security.
States can only really be regulated by international laws and regulations – look at Maastricht (France and Germany) 
States can only really be regulated by international laws and regulations – look at Maastricht (France and Germany)
Finally, on Europe: 
Finally, on Europe:
It is in Norway’s interest that Europe does well. 
It is in Norway’s interest that Europe does well.
Triple challenge: managing enlargement, managing the Euro, implementing the Lisbon Treaty 
Triple challenge: managing enlargement, managing the Euro, implementing the Lisbon Treaty
In sum: Has the EU become more introvert? 
In sum: Has the EU become more introvert?
Some analysts believe that we must be prepared for a new economic reality where developed countries – particularly in Europe – see lower rates of growth and higher unemployment for many years to come. 
Some analysts believe that we must be prepared for a new economic reality where developed countries – particularly in Europe – see lower rates of growth and higher unemployment for many years to come.
The combined effect of major budget deficits and the need to service large national debts is putting severe pressure on public finances. 
The combined effect of major budget deficits and the need to service large national debts is putting severe pressure on public finances.
On the global scene: increased division between rich and poor. 
On the global scene: increased division between rich and poor.
In 2009, total number of people suffering from malnutrition increased by 100 million, to over 1 billion. 
In 2009, total number of people suffering from malnutrition increased by 100 million, to over 1 billion.
In 2010, 64 million more people will fall below the threshold of extreme poverty, compared to the previous year. 
In 2010, 64 million more people will fall below the threshold of extreme poverty, compared to the previous year.
Women likely to be hit harder. 
Women likely to be hit harder.
Also reason to fear that the financial crisis is putting further pressure on labour rights and decent work. 
Also reason to fear that the financial crisis is putting further pressure on labour rights and decent work.
Illicit capital flows, frequently channelled through tax havens, constitute a significant obstacle to economic and social progress in many developing countries. 
Illicit capital flows, frequently channelled through tax havens, constitute a significant obstacle to economic and social progress in many developing countries.
This has become even more apparent during the financial crisis. 
This has become even more apparent during the financial crisis.
Today, the US, EU and others are paying more attention to this issue. 
Today, the US, EU and others are paying more attention to this issue.
UK – with new government – using cuts in spending/deficit reduction also to promote political project 
UK – with new government – using cuts in spending/deficit reduction also to promote political project
Attractive authoritarian models? 
Attractive authoritarian models?
I.e. 
I.e.
China in Africa – no longer is the West the unchallenged model 
China in Africa – no longer is the West the unchallenged model
Place for Nordic model? 
Place for Nordic model?
Basic traits: tripartite cooperation, flexicurity, small differences, efficiency, strong public sector, social capital. 
Basic traits: tripartite cooperation, flexicurity, small differences, efficiency, strong public sector, social capital.
We experience increased interest in the Nordic model from outsiders. 
We experience increased interest in the Nordic model from outsiders.
Effects of financial crisis on the multilateral system, consequences for global decision making. 
Effects of financial crisis on the multilateral system, consequences for global decision making.
“Spirit of Bretton Woods” is gone 
“Spirit of Bretton Woods” is gone
G20: Will it stand the test? 
G20: Will it stand the test?
International cooperation worked well in the immediate aftermath of the eruption of the financial crisis. 
International cooperation worked well in the immediate aftermath of the eruption of the financial crisis.
Now: a new, more combative tone has taken hold. 
Now: a new, more combative tone has taken hold.
Repercussions of the financial crisis and its impact on foreign policy 
Repercussions of the financial crisis and its impact on foreign policy
The responses and the documentation will be thoroughly reviewed and analyzed over the course of the next six months. 
Over det neste halvåret vil svarene og tilhørende dokumentasjon bli nøye gjennomgått og analysert.
Geneva, 24 October 2008 
Geneva, 24 October 2008
Statement by the Head of the Norwegian Delegation, Mr. Dagfinn Sørli, Deputy Director General, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Geneva, 24 October 2008. 
Det norske hovedinnlegget under siste dag av gjennomgangen av norsk handelspolitikk i Geneve 22.-24. oktober 2008.
On behalf of the Norwegian delegation, I would like to express our sincere appreciation for the keen interest that so many Members have taken in our Trade Policy Review. 
On behalf of the Norwegian delegation, I would like to express our sincere appreciation for the keen interest that so many Members have taken in our Trade Policy Review.
Let me also thank Members for the many positive comments expressed during the meeting on Wednesday, touching on issues such as our open economy, economic performance and trade policies vis-à-vis developing countries. 
Let me also thank Members for the many positive comments expressed during the meeting on Wednesday, touching on issues such as our open economy, economic performance and trade policies vis-à-vis developing countries.
A special thanks to ambassador Teehankee for his thorough and interesting contribution as a discussant. 
A special thanks to ambassador Teehankee for his thorough and interesting contribution as a discussant.
Let me also repeat my gratitude to the Secretariat for their efforts to produce a high quality report that has served its purpose as an excellent basis for our deliberations. 
Let me also repeat my gratitude to the Secretariat for their efforts to produce a high quality report that has served its purpose as an excellent basis for our deliberations.
On Wednesday you underlined that the main purpose of the Trade Policy Review is to achieve greater transparency in and understanding of the trade policies and practices of Members. 
On Wednesday you underlined that the main purpose of the Trade Policy Review is to achieve greater transparency in and understanding of the trade policies and practices of Members.
You also mentioned that the TPR should not serve as enforcement or to impose new commitments. 
You also mentioned that the TPR should not serve as enforcement or to impose new commitments.
In this spirit, we have faithfully tried to respond as thoroughly as possible to the many questions and comments that have been raised. 
In this spirit, we have faithfully tried to respond as thoroughly as possible to the many questions and comments that have been raised.
We have provided written answers to all written questions submitted before the TPR. 
We have provided written answers to all written questions submitted before the TPR.
Those answers which were not provided on Wednesday are available at the back of the room today. 
Those answers which were not provided on Wednesday are available at the back of the room today.
Today, I will respond to those additional questions that were posed in the oral statements made by Members on Wednesday, as well as provide additional comments to some of the major issues that have been raised both in the Secretariat’s report, by the discussant and by Members. 
Today, I will respond to those additional questions that were posed in the oral statements made by Members on Wednesday, as well as provide additional comments to some of the major issues that have been raised both in the Secretariat’s report, by the discussant and by Members.
ECONOMIC AND INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT 
ECONOMIC AND INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Let me start with issues related to the economic and institutional environment. 
Let me start with issues related to the economic and institutional environment.
Many of you have commented on Norway’s economic performance and macroeconomic policies. 
Many of you have commented on Norway’s economic performance and macroeconomic policies.
On Wednesday I highlighted some key issues related to the current state of our economy. 
On Wednesday I highlighted some key issues related to the current state of our economy.
I will not repeat them here, but rather respond to some of the points raised related to medium- and long-term challenges. 
I will not repeat them here, but rather respond to some of the points raised related to medium- and long-term challenges.
As regards oil resources, if they are handled well, the petroleum wealth should contribute to a permanent increase in the welfare and prosperity of citizens. 
As regards oil resources, if they are handled well, the petroleum wealth should contribute to a permanent increase in the welfare and prosperity of citizens.
In our view, a key feature in order to successfully handle the petroleum wealth is to separate spending of petroleum income from its accumulation. 
In our view, a key feature in order to successfully handle the petroleum wealth is to separate spending of petroleum income from its accumulation.
This approach necessarily involves a significant degree of saving in periods of high oil extraction or oil prices. 
This approach necessarily involves a significant degree of saving in periods of high oil extraction or oil prices.
On this basis, a set of fiscal policy guidelines were endorsed by a large majority of the Norwegian Parliament in 2001: 
On this basis, a set of fiscal policy guidelines were endorsed by a large majority of the Norwegian Parliament in 2001:
The petroleum revenues are to be gradually phased into the economy, approximately in step with the development in expected real return (4 percent per annum) from the Government Pension Fund – Global. 
The petroleum revenues are to be gradually phased into the economy, approximately in step with the development in expected real return (4 percent per annum) from the Government Pension Fund – Global.
Emphasis should be given to smoothing fluctuations in the economy in order to secure good capacity utilisation and low unemployment. 
Emphasis should be given to smoothing fluctuations in the economy in order to secure good capacity utilisation and low unemployment.
These guidelines facilitate a stable development in the Norwegian economy, both in the short and long run: 
These guidelines facilitate a stable development in the Norwegian economy, both in the short and long run:
They shelter the Fiscal Budget from the effects of volatility in petroleum prices. 
They shelter the Fiscal Budget from the effects of volatility in petroleum prices.
They facilitate the balanced phase-in of petroleum revenues over time. 
They facilitate the balanced phase-in of petroleum revenues over time.
They enable budget policy to be used for purposes of stabilising production and employment. 
They enable budget policy to be used for purposes of stabilising production and employment.
They contribute to predictability concerning the spending of petroleum revenues in the Norwegian economy. 
They contribute to predictability concerning the spending of petroleum revenues in the Norwegian economy.
Adhering to these guidelines has helped Norway avoiding many of the pitfalls associated with abundance of natural resources. 
Adhering to these guidelines has helped Norway avoiding many of the pitfalls associated with abundance of natural resources.
In addition, we acknowledge that the long-term gains in welfare and prosperity ultimately hinges on the underlying development in the non-oil economy and non-oil public finances. 
In addition, we acknowledge that the long-term gains in welfare and prosperity ultimately hinges on the underlying development in the non-oil economy and non-oil public finances.
Reflecting this is the reform of the public pension system, which aims at curbing pension expenditures and stimulating labour supply. 
Reflecting this is the reform of the public pension system, which aims at curbing pension expenditures and stimulating labour supply.
The pension reform passed the Parliament last year. 
The pension reform passed the Parliament last year.
As in most OECD-countries, Norway still faces increasing pressures on public finances in the face of expected demographic changes – even when taking into account the pension reform and the room for increased spending of petroleum income in coming years according to the fiscal guidelines. 
As in most OECD-countries, Norway still faces increasing pressures on public finances in the face of expected demographic changes – even when taking into account the pension reform and the room for increased spending of petroleum income in coming years according to the fiscal guidelines.
As in most OECD-countries, this challenge will be an important part of the political agenda in Norway in the years ahead. 
As in most OECD-countries, this challenge will be an important part of the political agenda in Norway in the years ahead.
Where the State has ownership interests, it acts as an active, long-term owner, whose main aim is to contribute to the companies’ long-term value creation and industrial development. 
Where the State has ownership interests, it acts as an active, long-term owner, whose main aim is to contribute to the companies’ long-term value creation and industrial development.
Decisions to buy or sell shares are taken on a case-by-case basis, and important decisions depend on parliamentary approval. 
Decisions to buy or sell shares are taken on a case-by-case basis, and important decisions depend on parliamentary approval.
Transparency and predictability increases confidence in state ownership. 
Transparency and predictability increases confidence in state ownership.
The Public is granted access to non-confidential information about the operation of State owned companies and the State’s ownership policies in order to ensure accountability. 
The Public is granted access to non-confidential information about the operation of State owned companies and the State’s ownership policies in order to ensure accountability.
The State and other shareholders choose a board of directors, which is responsible for managing the company. 
The State and other shareholders choose a board of directors, which is responsible for managing the company.
According to law, matters that require decisions by the owners must be raised at the general meeting and be decided upon. 
According to law, matters that require decisions by the owners must be raised at the general meeting and be decided upon.
Companies in which the State has an ownership interest are managed in accordance with principles for good corporate governance. 
Companies in which the State has an ownership interest are managed in accordance with principles for good corporate governance.
These companies shall be managed so as to ensure a market return on capital investment and sound industrial development over time. 
These companies shall be managed so as to ensure a market return on capital investment and sound industrial development over time.
The State emphasizes that its investments are expected to be profitable. 
The State emphasizes that its investments are expected to be profitable.
Target rates of return are set in order to monitor and evaluate company developments. 
Target rates of return are set in order to monitor and evaluate company developments.
Let me reiterate that the State’s exercise of its ownership is based on generally accepted principles for corporate governance. 
Let me reiterate that the State’s exercise of its ownership is based on generally accepted principles for corporate governance.
In addition, the Government has organised the management of its ownership in such a way as to keep the role of owner separate from the roles of policy-maker, regulator and supervisor. 
In addition, the Government has organised the management of its ownership in such a way as to keep the role of owner separate from the roles of policy-maker, regulator and supervisor.
The ultimate test of performance rests with the market. 
The ultimate test of performance rests with the market.
So far our experience suggests that the investor market acknowledges the practice of state ownership and easily accepts the Norwegian State as a co-owner. 
So far our experience suggests that the investor market acknowledges the practice of state ownership and easily accepts the Norwegian State as a co-owner.
Privatisation is not, however, an issue for the present Norwegian Government. 
Privatisation is not, however, an issue for the present Norwegian Government.
Mr Chairman, Let me now turn to another issue that has been addressed, pertaining to differences in treatment between EEA citizens and citizens from other Members regarding investments and the provision of services. 
Mr Chairman, Let me now turn to another issue that has been addressed, pertaining to differences in treatment between EEA citizens and citizens from other Members regarding investments and the provision of services.
Norway has an open and transparent regime for investment and the provision of most services. 
Norway has an open and transparent regime for investment and the provision of most services.
However, there are some differences in treatment between EEA service providers and service providers from other countries. 
However, there are some differences in treatment between EEA service providers and service providers from other countries.
This is based on the fact that the EEA is an integration agreement based on the free flow of goods, services, capital and persons, and with very specific regulations for the different sectors. 
This is based on the fact that the EEA is an integration agreement based on the free flow of goods, services, capital and persons, and with very specific regulations for the different sectors.