natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The entrance to the under-ice-world…
The entrance to the under-ice-world…
…where our in situ incubation experiments are conducted.
…where our in situ incubation experiments are conducted.
The permanent sound of vacuum pumps follows us into our cold dreams after a day of water filtration.
The permanent sound of vacuum pumps follows us into our cold dreams after a day of water filtration.
We are about to deploy water samples under the ice through an ice hole, which was drilled before by our experienced polar bear guide Jago.
We are about to deploy water samples under the ice through an ice hole, which was drilled before by our experienced polar bear guide Jago.
It’s always good to have a polar bear guide with you, since the buoy, marking the incubation spot, seem to be of interest for polar bears, as we have seen a few days ago.
It’s always good to have a polar bear guide with you, since the buoy, marking the incubation spot, seem to be of interest for polar bears, as we have seen a few days ago.
This is our third under ice incubation experiment.
This is our third under ice incubation experiment.
This time we are also investigating primary productivity and diatom growth rates in different depths in the water column.
This time we are also investigating primary productivity and diatom growth rates in different depths in the water column.
So far we worked on ice floes of different size and snow thickness causing a range of under ice light intensities.
So far we worked on ice floes of different size and snow thickness causing a range of under ice light intensities.
These differences in the light climate are reflected in the spatial patchiness of ice algal assemblages and under ice communities.
These differences in the light climate are reflected in the spatial patchiness of ice algal assemblages and under ice communities.
The dive team (Haakon, Peter, Sanna and Ireen) collects under ice water samples from these patches for our experimental work.
The dive team (Haakon, Peter, Sanna and Ireen) collects under ice water samples from these patches for our experimental work.
The water samples contain microplankton, small algae and bacteria, which represent the basis of the marine food web in the Arctic.
The water samples contain microplankton, small algae and bacteria, which represent the basis of the marine food web in the Arctic.
As marine ecologists we are mainly interested in how this small organisms (only 1/10–1/1000 mm in size), are involved in the transformation of carbon and nitrogen, which are main elements of life.
As marine ecologists we are mainly interested in how this small organisms (only 1/10–1/1000 mm in size), are involved in the transformation of carbon and nitrogen, which are main elements of life.
Therefore we add tracer amounts of carbon and nitrogen isotopes, followed by incubation at in situ environmental conditions.
Therefore we add tracer amounts of carbon and nitrogen isotopes, followed by incubation at in situ environmental conditions.
Our aim is to quantify the incorporation of these elements into biomass and to study the release of nutrients by algae and the recycling of organic and inorganic matter by bacteria.
Our aim is to quantify the incorporation of these elements into biomass and to study the release of nutrients by algae and the recycling of organic and inorganic matter by bacteria.
Unfortunately, analyzes can be not carried out on board, but have to be done once we are back in our home laboratory.
Unfortunately, analyzes can be not carried out on board, but have to be done once we are back in our home laboratory.
Here on board our main business is filtration, a rather monotonous and time consuming task.
Here on board our main business is filtration, a rather monotonous and time consuming task.
Besides the experimental work we are also involved in the biological and chemical characterization of the sea ice.
Besides the experimental work we are also involved in the biological and chemical characterization of the sea ice.
Together with Daiki and Mats we are drilling ice cores, which are split into appropriate sections and melted at 4 °C.
Together with Daiki and Mats we are drilling ice cores, which are split into appropriate sections and melted at 4 °C.
We will measure nutrients, particulate and dissolved matter and cell counts for ice algae and bacteria from these ice cores.
We will measure nutrients, particulate and dissolved matter and cell counts for ice algae and bacteria from these ice cores.
First microscopic investigations revealed that Nitzschia cf. frigida (a colony forming pennate diatom commonly found in Arctic sea ice communities) is the dominant species in the ice algal community.
First microscopic investigations revealed that Nitzschia cf. frigida (a colony forming pennate diatom commonly found in Arctic sea ice communities) is the dominant species in the ice algal community.
Furthermore we look for ikaite crystals (calcium carbonate which forms at low temperatures) in the upper 15–20 cm of ice cores collected by Daiki and Mats.
Furthermore we look for ikaite crystals (calcium carbonate which forms at low temperatures) in the upper 15–20 cm of ice cores collected by Daiki and Mats.
We are planning further experiments and sea ice sampling during the next two ice stations.
We are planning further experiments and sea ice sampling during the next two ice stations.
Following the progression of the phytoplankton spring bloom will be the main objective of the cross-slope CTD transect at the end of the cruise.
Following the progression of the phytoplankton spring bloom will be the main objective of the cross-slope CTD transect at the end of the cruise.
The CTD team (Arild, Vladimir and Alexey) will continue to provide us with water samples.
The CTD team (Arild, Vladimir and Alexey) will continue to provide us with water samples.
We are sort of looking forward to this upcoming intensive filtration marathon…
We are sort of looking forward to this upcoming intensive filtration marathon…
The Norwegian Polar Institute has been measuring the mass balance of selected glaciers in Svalbard since 1967-1968.
Norsk Polarinstitutt har målt massebalansen i utvalgte breer på Svalbard så langt tilbake som til 1967.
These data are among the longest continuous High Arctic time-series done on glaciers.
Dette er blant de lengste sammenhengende høyarktiske tidsserier som er gjort på isbreer.
Kronebreen in Kongsfjorden calving.
Kronebreen i Kongsfjorden kalver.
One important reason to measure mass balance is to calculate how much Svalbard’s melting glaciers contribute to sea level rise.
Et viktig motivasjon for å måle massebalanse er å beregne hvor mye Svalbards smeltende isbreer bidrar til havnivåstigning.
It is therefore important to quantify how much various ice-covered regions on Earth contribute to sea level rise.
Det er derfor viktig å kvantifisere bidragene til havnivåøkningen fra de forskjellige isdekkede områdene på jorda.
Svalbard’s glaciers have retreated from their maximum positions in the 1920s.
Sammenlignet med Svalbard-isbreenes maksimumsposisjoner i 1920-årene har frontene trukket seg tilbake.
Some glaciers that used to calve in the sea now end far inland.
Noen breer som tidligere kalvet i havet er nå langt inne på tørt land.
Since 2001, the glaciers’ net mass balance has shown a general negative trend: they melt more in the summer than they "fatten up" on snow and ice in the winter, and the trend has accelerated, especially in western Svalbard.
Siden 2001 har breenes netto massebalanse i all hovedsak vært negativ; de smelter mer om sommeren enn de «feiter seg opp» på snø og is om vinteren, og tendensen har akselerert, særlig i de vestlige delene av Svalbard.
The glaciers in Svalbard melt relatively quickly because of the archipelago's location in a comparatively warm part of the Arctic, and the increasingly rapid melting is explained by rising summer temperatures in the Arctic.
Isbreene på Svalbard smelter relativt raskt på grunn av øygruppens plassering i en relativt varm del av Arktis, og den stadig hurtigere avsmeltingen skyldes at sommertemperaturene i Arktis øker.
This trend is entirely consistent both with glaciers elsewhere in the world and with developments in the Arctic as a whole.
Denne trenden er helt i samsvar både med isbreer ellers i verden og utviklingen i Arktis som helhet.
Klimaløftet
Miljødirektoratet: Klima
Klimakonvensjonen : FNs rammekonvensjon om klimaendringer
Klimakonvensjonen : FNs rammekonvensjon om klimaendringer
Environmental pollutants
Miljøgifter
Miljøstatus.no – Eenvironmental status
Miljøstatus.no
Er det farlig?
Er det farlig?
Airpollution, Helsedirektoratet
Helsedirektoratet: Luftforurensing
Airpollution, Folkehelseinstituttet
Folkehelseinstituttet: Luftforurensing
På leting etter fortidas klima
På leting etter fortidas klima
Massebalanse isbreer Ny-Ålesund
Massebalanse isbreer Ny-Ålesund
Ministry of climate and environment: Biodiversity
Klima-og miljødepartementet: Naturmangfold
Redlisted species in Svalbard
Rødlistede arter på Svalbard
Global:
Globale:
The Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar convetion)
Konvensjonen om våtmarker (Ramsarkonvensjonen)
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)
Konvensjonen om internasjonal handel med truede arter (CITES)
Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
Stockholmskonvensjonen om persistente organiske forbindelser
Intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC)
FNs klimapanel (IPCC)
International Whaling Comisssion (IWC)
Vitenskapskomiteen i Den internasjonale hvalfangstkommisjonen (IWC)
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
Verdens naturvernunion (IUCN)
Regional
Regionale
Arctic
Arktis
Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP)
Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP)
Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)
Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)
The Emergency Prevention, Preparedness and Response Working Group (EPPR)
The Emergency Prevention, Preparedness and Response Working Group (EPPR)
The Sustainable Development Working Group (SDWG)
The Sustainable Development Working Group (SDWG)
Arctic Council
Arktisk Råd
Agreement on Conservation of Polar Bears
Avtale om vern av isbjørn
The North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission (NAMMCO)
Kommisjonen for marine pattedyr i Nordøstatlanteren (NAMMCO)
Action plan for seabirds in Western-Nordic areas (2010)
Nordisk handlingsplan for sjøfugl (2010)
Protection of the marine environment of the North-East Antlantic (OSPAR)
Havmiljøkonvensjonen for Nordøstatlanteren (OSPAR)
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES)
Det internasjonale råd for havforskning (ICES)
Barents Euro-Arctic Council (BEAC)
Barentsrådet (BEAC)
Antarktis
Antarktis
The Antarctic Treaty | The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty
Antarktistraktaten | Protokoll om miljøvern til Antarktistraktaten
Forskrift om miljøvern og sikkerhet i Antarktis (Antarktisforskriften) | Miljøprotokollen
Forskrift om miljøvern og sikkerhet i Antarktis (Antarktisforskriften) | Miljøprotokollen
Forskrift om fredning av Bouvetøya med tilliggende territorialfarvann som naturreservat (forskrift om Bouvetøya naturreservat)
Forskrift om fredning av Bouvetøya med tilliggende territorialfarvann som naturreservat (forskrift om Bouvetøya naturreservat)
Comission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
Bevaring av levende marine ressurser (CCAMLR)
Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses ad Petrels (ACAP)
Avtale om bevaring av albatross og petreller (ACAP)
Bilateral
Bilaterale
National
Nasjonale
BarentsWatch
BarentsWatch
Environmental values in Norwegian marine areas
Havmiljo.no
Naturindeks
Naturindeks
SEAPOP (Seabirds)
SEAPOP (Sjøfugl)
Environmental monotoring of Svalbard and Jan Mayen (MOSJ)
Miljøovervåkning Svalbard og Jan Mayen (MOSJ)
Whitepaper on Norwegian interests and politic in the Antartic (Meld.
St.
St. 32 (2014–2015)
32 (2014–2015)
Whitepaper on Norwegian interests and politic in Bouvetøya (Meld.
St.
St. 33 (2014–2015)
33 (2014–2015)
Quantarctica – a collection of Antarctic geographical datasets which works with the free, open-source software QGIS.
Quantarctica – a collection of Antarctic geographical datasets which works with the free, open-source software QGIS.
It currently includes geography, glaciology and geophysics data
It currently includes geography, glaciology and geophysics data
The Antartctic Treaty
Antarktistraktaten
Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
Committee for Environmental Protection (CEP)
Committee for Environmental Protection (CEP)
Antarctic Environments Portal
Antarctic Environments Portal
The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR)
The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR)
Latest articles on publications and maps
Siste artikler om publikasjoner og kart
Wednesday March 02 2016
torsdag 23. mars 2017
The circulation patterns in the atmosphere cause the pollutants to remain in the polar areas for a long time.
De atmosfæriske sirkulasjonsmønstrene gjør at miljøgiftene forblir lenge ved polområdene.
Easily soluble pollutants accumulate and pose a threat to the marine food chains.
Fettløselige miljøgifter hoper seg opp og representerer en trussel for de marine næringskjedene.
The top predators are especially at risk, and known effects are related to the turnover of enzymes, vitamins and hormones, and also to the immune system.
Toppredatorer er spesielt utsatt, og påviste effekter er relatert til omsetning av enzymer, vitaminer og hormoner, samt immunsystemet.
The, in part, considerable differences between the genders are of particular concern.
Særlig bekymring er knyttet til de til dels store forskjellene mellom kjønnene.
In connection with reproduction, females of polar bears and various species of seabirds mobilise the pollutants they have in their body and transfer them to either the fatty substances in the egg yolk or the milk in connection with periods of hunger or suckling.
Hunner av isbjørn og ulike sjøfuglarter mobiliserer miljøgiftene de har i kroppen i forbindelse med reproduksjon, og overfører miljøgifter til enten fettstoffer i egg (plomme) eller morsmelk i forbindelse med sulteperioder og amming.
This affects both the mothers and their offspring.
Dette påvirker både moren og avkommet.
The Norwegian Polar Institute is, in particular, studying the pollutant levels and their effects at higher trophic levels, in seabirds, arctic foxes and polar bears.
Norsk Polarinstitutt ser spesielt på nivåer av miljøgifter og effekter av disse på høyere trofiske nivåer, i sjøfugl, polarrev og isbjørn.
Facts page: What are pollutants?
Faktaside: Hva er miljøgifter?
Transport
Tilførsel
The Arctic
I Arktis
Antarctica
I Antarktis
Effects
Effekter
The Norwegian Polar Institute is, in particular, studying the pollutant levels and their effects at higher trophic levels, in seabirds, arctic foxes and polar bears.
Norsk Polarinstitutt fokuserer særlig på nivåer av miljøgifter og effekter av disse på arter i høyere trofiske nivåer, som sjøfugl, polarrev og isbjørn.
More on our research on pollutants
Les mer om vår forskning på miljøgifter
Contaminant effects on energetics
Contaminant effects on energetics
Fate and effects of oil spills and oil remediation actions in sea ice- biodegradation
Fate and effects of oil spills and oil remediation actions in sea ice- biodegradation
More projects on pollutants
Flere prosjekter på miljøgifter
Photo: Norwegian Polar Institute More articles on pollutants
Foto: Norsk Polarinstitutt Flere artikler om miljøgifter
Conditions in Antarctica are important for how the pollutants are taken up in the environment, are dispersed and the types of effects they may have.
Forholdene i Antarktis har betydning for hvordan miljøgiftene tas opp i miljøet, hvordan de spres og hva slags effekter de kan få.
Antarctica is cold, has little precipitation, no industry and only a few human settlements.
Antarktis er kaldt, har lite nedbør, ingen industri og kun et fåtall menneskelige bosettinger.
The pollutants present in the Antarctic are therefore chiefly transported from far away (in the atmosphere or by ocean currents) and accumulate in ice and snow.
Det som er av miljøgifter i Antarktis blir derfor først og fremst transport langveis fra (med atmosfære eller havstrømmer), og samler seg opp i is og snø.
Few investigations exist on the level of pollutants in the marine food chains in Antarctica.
Det finnes per i dag få undersøkelser av nivå av miljøgifter i de marine næringskjedene i Antarktis.
The emission of pollutants like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) has been of greatest significance in the Antarctic because they have contributed strongly to the depletion of the ozone layer over the continent.
Utslipp av miljøgifter som klorfluorkarboner har vært av størst betydning i Antarktis, da disse har bidratt sterkt til en reduksjon av ozonlaget over kontinentet.
This, in turn, has had consequences for animal and plant life which has been exposed to radiation.
Dette har igjen hatt konsekvenser for dyre- og planteliv som blir utsatt for stråling.
The hole in the ozon layer over Antarctica is monitored by, among others, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
Hullet i ozonlaget over Antarktis overvåkes av blant annet National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
In the summer thaw, pollutants are liberated from snow and ice, chiefly that from the previous year.
Ved smeltingen om sommeren frigjøres miljøgifter i snø og is primært fra året som gikk.
However, concern is being felt for the side-effects of a warmer climate, since pollutants that accumulate in ice, in particular, but also in permafrost or soil, may be liberated over time.
Imidlertid er det bekymring knyttet til bieffekter av varmere klima, siden miljøgifter samlet opp i is, først og fremst, men også permafrost eller jord, kan bli frigjort over tid.
Because the pollutant problem has so far not been regarded as significant in Antarctica, there is no overall monitoring programme for pollutants here.
Fordi miljøgiftproblematikken hittil ikke har vært ansett som vesentlig i Antarktis mangler det et overordnet overvåkingsprogram for miljøgifter her.
The Antarctic Peninsula and Ross Bay are the two most investigated areas.
Den antarktiske halvøya og Rossbukta er de mest undersøkte områdene.
Pollutants
Forekomst
Trends
Trender
Norwegian Polar Institute research on pollutants acquires knowledge which enhances our understanding of pollution, its sources and its biological effects.
Norsk Polarinstitutts forskning på miljøgifter samler kunnskap som øker vår forståelse av forurensning, forurensningens kilder og biologiske effekter.
More on our research on pollutants
Mer om vår forskning på miljøgifter
Antarktistraktaten (PDF)
Antarktistraktaten (PDF)
Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR)
Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR)
The Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (ATCM)
The Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (ATCM)
Fact page: Klima i Antarktis
Faktaside: Klima i Antarktis
Fact page: Klima i Arktis
Faktaside: Klima i Arktis
Fact page: Hva er miljøgifter
Faktaside: Hva er miljøgifter
This applies to those in the atmosphere, water, sediments and animals and plants.
Dette gjelder både i luft, vann, sedimenter og i dyr og planter.
Atmosphere
Atmosfære
TROLL OBSERVATORY The Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) is responsible for monitoring among others mercury, organic pollutants, hydrocarbons and CO2.
TROLLOBSERVATORIET Norsk institutt for luftforskning (NILU) står for overvåking av blant annet kvikksølv, organiske miljøgifter, hydrokarboner og CO2.
Photo: Eystein Sæther / Norwegian Polar Institute
Foto: Eystein Sæther / Norsk Polarinstitutt
Contaminants in the Norwegian sector of Antarctica
Miljøgifter i norsk sektor i Antarktis
A baseline survey focusing on screening contaminants in the Norwegian sector of Antarctica was carried out in 2001 as part of the Research Council of Norway’s programme for Antarctic research: NARE: Flux of organic contaminants through lower trophic levels of the Antarctic food web.[1]
En grunnlagsundersøkelse med fokus på å screene miljøgifter i norsk sektor i Antarktis ble gjennomført i 2001 under Forskningsrådets program for Antarktis-forskning: NARE: Fluks av organiske miljøgifter gjennom lavere trofiske nivåer i det antarktiske næringsnett.[1]
Read more.
Les mer.
Comparatively few studies of atmospheric contamination have been undertaken in Antarctica and the Southern Hemisphere.
Det er foretatt relativt få studier av atmosfæriske forurensninger i Antarktis og den sørlige halvkule.
The studies that have been performed have largely focused on transport mechanisms and processes with a view to distinguishing local sources from far-transported contamination.
De studier som har vært gjort har i stor grad vært fokusert på å undersøke tilførselsmekanismer og -prosesser, og med henblikk på å skille mellom lokale kilder og langtransportert forurensning.
It has been shown that aerosols (and, hence, atmospheric transport) are the most important medium for long-range transport of pollution to Antarctica.
Det er vist at aerosoler (og dermed atmosfærisk tilførsel) er det viktigste medium for langtransport av forurensning til Antarktis.
In 2007, Norway set up a measuring station at Troll, in Dronning Maud Land in Antarctica.
Norge etablerte i 2007 en målestasjon på Troll i Dronning Maud Land i Antarktis.
The Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) is responsible for monitoring among others mercury, organic pollutants, hydrocarbons and CO2.
Norsk institutt for luftforskning (NILU) står for overvåking av blant annet kvikksølv, organiske miljøgifter, hydrokarboner og CO2.
Preliminary conclusions from this monitoring confirm that concentrations of a number of organic pollutants in the atmosphere are lower than background levels in the Arctic.
Foreløpige konklusjoner fra overvåkingen her bekrefter at konsentrasjonene av en rekke organiske miljøgifter i atmosfæren er lavere enn bakgrunnsnivåene i Arktis.
The measurements at Troll also show that HCB (a herbicide) is the dominant pollutant, as it is in the Arctic, too.
Målingene fra Troll viser også at HCB (plantevernmiddel) er den dominerende miljøgiften, slik det også er i Arktis.
The pollutant levels fluctuate through the year, in line with when coastal air masses meet the continent.Long-term monitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) at the Norwegian Troll station in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica.
Nivåene av miljøgifter svinger gjennom året, i tråd med tidspunktene når kystnære luftmasser treffer kontinentet.Long-term monitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) at the Norwegian Troll station in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica.
Discuss., 13, 6219-6246.
Discuss., 13, 6219-6246.
DOI: 10.5194/acpd-13-6219-2013" class="reflink">[2]
DOI: 10.5194/acpd-13-6219-2013" class="reflink">[2]
A few isolated studies of contaminants in the waters around the Antarctic have been performed.
Det er utført enkelte, spredte studier av miljøgifter i havet rundt Antarktis.
A study from the Ross Sea showed that levels of organic pollutants were closely linked with the amounts of suspended material which, in turn, vary through the summer.
En studie fra Rosshavet viste at nivåene av organiske miljøgifter var nært forbundet med mengden suspendert materiale, som igjen varierte gjennom sommersesongen.
This is related to melting of sea ice and liberation of particles which were frozen into the ice.
Dette er relatert til smelting av havis og frigjøring av partikler som var innfryst i isen.
In the same area, a clear link has been observed between the amount of PCBs in the seawater and the melting of sea ice.
I det samme området er det påvist sterk sammenheng mellom mengden PCB i havvann og smelting av havis.
The PCB level in surface water is initially low (130 pg/l), but rises by up to 30-40 % when the ice melts.
Nivåene av PCB i overflatevann er i utgangspunktet lave (130 pg/l).
Snow and ice
Snø og is
ICE CORE A section through an ice core.
ISKJERNE Snitt av iskjerne.
Air bubbles and particles arising from pollution are encapsulated in the ice.
I isen er det kapslet inn luftbobler og partikler fra forurensning.