natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The breast is black and stands out in contrast to the white belly.
Beina er oransje og nebbet svart.
The legs are orange.
Brystet har kontrastrike tegninger i svart og hvitt.
The female has duller plumage and has a more brown-grey back, and brown-streaked markings on the head.
I vinterdrakt får de voksne en mørk overside med bare litt rustrød farge på skuldrene.
In winter plumage both sexes are less colourful.
De hvite tegningene på brystet, halsen og hodet erstattes med gråbrunt.
The black markings on the head and breast are replaced with brown-grey, while the feathers on the back and upper sides of the wings are brown-grey with brown-yellow edges.
Ungfuglene likner de voksne fuglene i vinterdrakt, men de har en lysere overside som skyldes gulbrune eller hvite fjærbremmer.
Juveniles resemble the adults in winter plumage, but have rusty-yellow edged feathers on the back.
Steinvenderens lokkerop er et kaklende og høylydt, litt mekanisk «tukkatukktukktukk…».
The call is a staccato "tuk-a-tuk" or a warbling "tuk-tuk-tuk-tuk".
Sangen og varsellyden er en rask og akselererende serie «kviti tritritri…»
In north-western Europe it is found from the southern coasts in Scandinavian to Svalbard and northern Russia.
I nordvest-Europa forekommer den fra de sørlige kystområdene av Skandinavia til Svalbard og østover i nordlige deler av Russland.
Two sub-species are recognized.
Den forekommer i to underarter.
The Svalbard population belongs to the nominate form A. i. interpres.
Svalbardfuglene tilhører underarten A. i. interpres.
Highest densities are found along the fjords on the western side of Spitsbergen.
Det er størst tetthet langs fjordene på vestkysten av Spitsbergen og på Prins Karls Forland.
Birds from Europe and Greenland winter along the coast of southwest Europe, south to West Africa.
Fugler fra Europa og Grønland overvintrer langs kysten av sørvest-Europa, sør til vest-Afrika.
The turnstone arrives in Svalbard toward the end of May or early June and migrates southwards again during August or early September.
Steinvenderen ankommer Svalbard i siste halvdel av mai eller i første halvdel av juni, og den trekker sørover igjen i august eller tidlig i september.
They breed in pairs or in loose colonies of a few pairs.
Den hekker parvis eller i løse grupper på noen få par.
The breeding territories are often re-occupied by the same birds in successive years.
Territoriet brukes ofte flere år på rad av de samme fuglene.
Few predators threaten the turnstone at the nest compared to other waders.
Steinvenderen er mer effektiv i å forsvare egg og unger mot predatorer enn de fleste andre vadere.
This is due to a strong anti-predator behaviour from both parents which is successful against most avian predators.
Begge kjønn deltar aktivt i forsvaret, og de klarer å holde de fleste flygende predatorer på avstand.
However, polar foxes and glaucous gulls still cause significant mortality of eggs and chicks.
Polarmåke og fjellrev kan likevel være betydelige predatorer av egg og unger.
On the tundra the diet consists mainly of insects, though plant material can be important before insects become available in early summer.
På tundraen er insekter den viktigste delen av dietten, mens plantemateriale kan være viktig på forsommeren før insektene blir tilgjengelige.
When feeding in the tidal zone small gastropods, crustaceans and insects are the most important prey.
Når steinvenderen søker næring i fjæresonen er snegler, krepsdyr og insekter viktige byttedyr.
The turnstone uses its strong neck and bill to turn over seaweed and small stones in order to get access to food items.
Steinvenderen bruker, som navnet tilsier, sin kraftige nakke og sitt sterke nebb til å snu små steiner og tang i jakten på byttedyr.
It also eats the eggs of the arctic terns and other ground-nesting tundra birds.
Den kan også ta egg av rødnebbterne og andre bakkehekkende arter på tundraen.
Outside the breeding season the turnstone often feeds along stony and rocky coasts in mixed groups with other waders.
Utenfor hekkesesongen søker den ofte næring langs klippekyster og steinete strender sammen med andre vadere.
The four pear-shaped eggs are grey-green with strong dark brown speckles and blotches.
Eggene varierer i grunnfarge fra lysebrune til olivengrønne med mørke flekker.
The young leave the nest within 24 hours after hatching and are protected by both parents until they are fledged after about three weeks.
Ungene forlater reiret senest et døgn etter klekking, og de oppfostres av begge foreldrene.
The young birds become sexually mature at two years of age.
Steinvenderen blir kjønnsmoden etter to år.
The highest age recorded in Norway (including Svalbard) is 13 years.
Svalbard) er 13 år.
The European breeding population is estimated to be up to 81,000 pairs, and is thought to be stable.
Bestanden i Europa er relativt liten, og den er anslått til å være oppimot 81 000 hekkende par.
Sabine’s gulls breed in the sub arctic and high arctic regions of North America and Russia, as well as on Greenland and in Svalbard.
Sabinemåken hekker i de arktiske og subarktiske områdene av Nord-Amerika og Russland, i tillegg til på Grønland og Svalbard.
It is a dark-headed gull with a slightly forked tail.
Den er en liten, nett og mørkhodet måke med svakt kløftet stjert.
Sabine’s gulls nest on the ground in moss and grass covered tundra areas, placing their grass and sea-weed lined nests in shallow depressions close to water.
Reiret plasseres nesten alltid nær ferskvann, gjerne ved kanten av en fersk eller brakkvannsdam på mose og gressbevokst tundra, og det er ofte kun en grunn fordypning i underlaget.
Sabine's gull in other languages
Sabinemåke på flere språk
Xema sabini
Xema sabini
Sabinemåke
Sabine’s gull
Schwalbenmöwe
Schwalbenmöwe
Mouette de Sabine
Mouette de Sabine
The sabine’s gull is a dark-headed gull with a slightly forked tail.
Sabinemåken er en liten, nett og mørkhodet måke med svakt kløftet stjert.
The sexes are similar in appearance.
Den blir 27–33 cm lang og veier 155–215 g.
In flight and in its general body form it resembles a tern, being more slender than the kittiwake and having proportionally more narrow and longer wings.
I form og flukt kan den minne om en terne, med lette og flagrende bevegelser.
The front part of the back and wings are grey, while the outer wing flight feathers (primaries) and wing coverts are black with white tips.
Sabinemåken har i sommerdrakt mørkegrått hode, hvit nakke, bryst og underside, mens ryggen og de indre delene av vingene er lysegrå.
The rear-edge of the wings, the undersides of the wings, the belly and tail are white.
Den mørkegrå hetten går i nedre del over til svart og danner en svart nakkering.
Juveniles have a grey-brown head, back and front part of the wings.
Ungfuglene har en spraglete grå overside med mye grått på hodet og brystsidene.
The sabine’s gull call is a grating "kree".
På hekkeplassen har den et vidt lydspekter.
Sabine’s gulls breed in the sub arctic and high arctic regions of North America and Russia, as well as on Greenland and in Svalbard.
Arten hekker i de arktiske og subarktiske områdene av Nord-Amerika og Russland, i tillegg til på Grønland og Svalbard.
It is often considered monotypic, but four sub-species are recognized.
Den betraktes ofte som monotypisk, men fire underarter er beskrevet.
The Svalbard population belongs to X. s. palearctica.
Svalbardfuglene tilhører L. s. palearctica.
In Svalbard the Sabine’s gull is a rare, but regular breeder.
På Svalbard er sabinemåken en sjelden, men regelmessig hekkefugl.
Moffen, north of Spitsbergen, is one of few localities where the species has bred regularly in the last decades.
Moffen, på nordsiden av Spitsbergen, er en av de få lokalitetene hvor den har hekket regelmessig de siste tiårene.
Single nests have been found in other areas such as on Lågøya, Kvitøya and in Isfjorden, and additional breeding sites may well exist, but the number of breeding pairs is nonetheless very low.
Hekkinger er også registrert andre steder som på Lågøya, Kvitøya og i Isfjorden, og det er sannsynlig at den også hekker andre steder på øygruppen, men bestanden er uansett liten.
The Sabine’s gull may be observed occasionally in the surrounding waters of Svalbard during the summer.
Sabinemåkene kan observeres på sjøen og langs kysten rundt hele Svalbard sommerstid.
This species spends the winters in oceanic waters of the southern hemisphere along the south-west coast of South America and off southwest Africa.
Fuglene overvintrer i åpent hav på den sørlige halvkule langs sørvestkysten av Sør-Amerika og utenfor vestkysten av Afrika.
Sabine’s gulls nest in tundra areas, especially preferring small islands where fresh water is available not too far from the sea.
Sabinemåken hekker på tundraen, og den foretrekker spesielt små øyer hvor ferskvann ligger nært sjøen.
Outside the breeding season this gull species is pelagic (found out at sea).
Utenom hekkesesongen tilbringer den tiden på åpent hav, men den kan komme inn til kysten i perioder.
Sabine's gulls usually nest in or near colonies of arctic terns, which provide protection from predators.
Den hekker vanligvis i eller i nærheten av rødnebbternekolonier, hvor den drar nytte av beskyttelsen ternene gir.
It defends its nest against intruders, but is less aggressive than the arctic tern.
Sabinemåken er mindre aggressiv enn rødnebbterna, selv om den også forsvarer egg og unger.
The diet of the Sabine’s gull is thought to consist of small fish and invertebrates.
Artens diett på Svalbard er ikke godt kjent, men består trolig hovedsakelig av småfisk og virvelløse dyr.
But, it also occasionally takes small birds, eggs of arctic terns and carrion.
Den kan også ta små spurvefugler, egg fra rødnebbterne og åtsler.
Sabine’s gulls nest on the ground in moss and grass covered tundra areas, placing their grass and sea-weed lined nests in shallow depressions close to water.
Reiret plasseres nesten alltid nær ferskvann, gjerne ved kanten av en fersk- eller brakkvannsdam på mose- og gressbevokst tundra, og det er ofte kun en grunn fordypning i underlaget.
The two to three eggs are olive-brown or greenish with dark speckles.
Normal kullstørrelse er to til tre egg.
The chicks are fed by both parents, mainly on insects.
Ungene fôres av begge foreldrene, men tar også selv til seg næring.
The world population is thought to be approximately 10,000 pairs.
Den globale hekkebestanden er liten, trolig mindre enn 10 000 par.
The population that bred in Kongsfjorden was never large, and other breeding records are only of single pairs only, except for the birds breeding on Moffen.
Hekkebestanden i Kongsfjorden på begynnelsen av 1900-tallet var aldri stor, og andre hekkefunn er primært av enkeltpar bortsett fra på Moffen.
The sanderling is a circumpolar breeder in high arctic regions in Alaska, arctic Canada, north and east Greenland, Svalbard and western and central Siberia.
Sandløperen hekker sirkumpolart i høyarktiske deler av Alaska, Canada, Nord- og Øst-Grønland, Svalbard, og vestlige og sentrale deler av Sibir.
The sandlerling is a small wading bird that is often seen running rapidly in the tidal zone.
Sandløperen er en liten vader med et relativt kort nebb og svarte bein.
They are migratory, wintering along the coast southwards to South America, South Africa and Australia.
Arten er en trekkfugl som overvintrer langs kysten på den sørlige halvkule til Sør-Amerika, Afrika og Australia.
Considerable numbers pass along the coast of Norway during their migrations in the spring and autumn.
Sandløper på flere språk
Calidris alba
Calidris alba
Sandløper
Sanderling
Sanderling
Sanderling
Bécasseau sanderling
Bécasseau sanderling
Sanderling in other languages
Sandløper på flere språk
Juveniles have light grey-black upper-parts with white and yellow-brown tipped feathers.
Brystet og undersiden er hvite.
The call is a sharp "quit-quit".
Låten i flukt er et litt tykt «plitt».
The sanderling is a circumpolar breeder in high arctic regions in Alaska, arctic Canada, north and east Greenland, Svalbard and western and central Siberia.
Sandløperen hekker sirkumpolart i høy-arktiske deler av Alaska, Canada, Nord- og Øst-Grønland, Svalbard, og vestlige og sentrale deler av Sibir.
They are migratory, wintering along the coast southwards to South America, South Africa and Australia.
Arten er en trekkfugl som overvintrer langs kysten på den sørlige halvkule sør til Sør-Amerika, Afrika og Australia.
Considerable numbers pass along the coast of Norway during their migrations in the spring and autumn.
Et betydelig antall sandløpere passerer norskekysten på trekket vår og høst.
In Svalbard the sanderling is a rare breeder in the western and north-western parts of Spitsbergen, including Prins Karls Forland.
På Svalbard er sandløperen en fåtallig hekkefugl på den vestlige og nordvestlige delen av Spitsbergen, samt på Prins Karls Forland.
It appears in small flocks on tidal flats along the coast and in river deltas in the first part of June, before spreading out into breeding areas on the tundra.
Sandløperen ankommer Svalbard i juni, og fuglene holder seg i små grupper på tidevannssletter langs kysten og i elvedeltaer før de trekker inn til hekkeområdene på tundraen.
Most of the birds probably leave the archipelago in August; juvenile birds are thought to leave somewhat later (September).
De fleste sandløperne forlater trolig øygruppen i juli og august, men ungfuglene trekker trolig noe senere (august–september).
Sanderlings occur in the breeding season on stony, dry parts of the tundra, in areas with sparse vegetation.
Som hekkehabitat foretrekker sandløperen tørr og steinete tundra med lite vegetasjon.
The breeding area is usually not far from fresh water.
Utenfor hekketiden opptrer fuglene gjerne i større flokker.
Outside the breeding season sanderlings can be found on mudflats and sandy shores along coastlines and in some places near fresh water; they often occur in large flocks outside the breeding season.
Sandløperens diett består av små virvelløse dyr som den fanger både i tidevannssonen og på tundraen.
They feed on small invertebrates both in the intertidal zone and on the tundra.
Den tar også en del plantemateriale, særlig tidlig i hekkesesongen, når insektsfaunaen er dårlig utviklet.
Egg laying starts in the middle of June or thereafter, depending on the timing of snow melt.
Eggleggingen starter fra midten av juni, men tidspunktet avhenger av snøsmeltingen.
This breeding strategy could compensate to some extent for the predation of eggs and young in seasons when reproduction is low due to a late snow melt or other unfavourable weather conditions.
I slike tilfeller forlater hunnen hannen kort tid etter at rugingen har startet, og hun legger et nytt kull et annet sted.
In Greenland however, investigations have shown that the species has only one clutch and that both sexes take part in incubation.
Hunnen tar seg da av rugingen og oppfostringen av kull nummer to.
The situation in Svalbard is unknown.
Ungene blir flygedyktige etter 12–14 døgn.
The highest age recorded in Norway (including Svalbard) is 17 years.
Svalbard) er 17 år.
The breeding population is thought to be very small in Svalbard (perhaps 20 to 100 pairs).
Hekkebestanden på Svalbard er antatt å være liten, trolig i størrelsesorden 20–100 par.
However, no reliable census of the population has been conducted, and there is no monitoring of population trends.
Ingen systematisk kartlegging av bestanden har vært foretatt, og arten inngår ikke i noe overvåkingsprogram.
An international group of seven sea ice scientists left Longyearbyen on 4 April onboard the Norwegian Coastguard vessel KV Svalbard together with polar bear and ivory gull researchers, heading towards the sea ice north and northeast of Svalbard.
An international group of seven sea ice scientists left Longyearbyen on 4 April onboard the Norwegian Coastguard vessel KV Svalbard together with polar bear and ivory gull researchers, heading towards the sea ice north and northeast of Svalbard.
With the Norwegian Polar Institute’s brand new EM-bird (called Liv which is a norwegian name and means life) on board, we planned to collect data for the Cryosat-2 cal/val efforts within the CryoVEx project in a region that is not very often visited.
With the Norwegian Polar Institute’s brand new EM-bird (called Liv which is a norwegian name and means life) on board, we planned to collect data for the Cryosat-2 cal/val efforts within the CryoVEx project in a region that is not very often visited.
Angelika Renner with the EM-bird.
Angelika Renner with the EM-bird.
Photo: Angelika Renner / Norwegian Polar Institute
Foto: Angelika Renner / Norwegian Polar Institute
After last year’s summer cruise to the same area, we were particularly interested to see what the ice conditions would be like in spring.
After last year’s summer cruise to the same area, we were particularly interested to see what the ice conditions would be like in spring.
This time, the researchers from the Norwegian Polar Institute were joined by scientists from the Dalian Technical University in China, the Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Centre in Bergen, the Norwegian Ice Service, and the University of Tromsø.
This time, the researchers from the Norwegian Polar Institute were joined by scientists from the Dalian Technical University in China, the Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Centre in Bergen, the Norwegian Ice Service, and the University of Tromsø.
Despite tighter aviation safety rules leading to stricter tests regarding helicopter operations which delayed the departure, we were out on the ice in the evening of the 5th.
Despite tighter aviation safety rules leading to stricter tests regarding helicopter operations which delayed the departure, we were out on the ice in the evening of the 5th.
The first ice station ever for some of the team brought home right away that we are operating in a rather unforgiving environment: -20°C, strong winds of over 20 knots, snow fall and low visibility made for a cold and tough time on the ice, not the ideal training conditions but good for team building...
The first ice station ever for some of the team brought home right away that we are operating in a rather unforgiving environment: -20 °C, strong winds of over 20 knots, snow fall and low visibility made for a cold and tough time on the ice, not the ideal training conditions but good for team building...
The next day brought better conditions and we were off for our first two flights.
The next day brought better conditions and we were off for our first two flights.
The ship was positioned close to the track of a Cryosat overpass, and after a short flight along the track in the morning, we were in the air again to measure simultaneously with Cryosat above us.
The ship was positioned close to the track of a Cryosat overpass, and after a short flight along the track in the morning, we were in the air again to measure simultaneously with Cryosat above us.
A good first “real” outing for Liv!
A good first "real" outing for Liv!
The flights were complemented by on ice work where a lot of EM31 (ground electromagnetics), snow thickness data, and observations of physical properties of snow and ice were collected.
The flights were complemented by on ice work where a lot of EM31 (ground electromagnetics), snow thickness data, and observations of physical properties of snow and ice were collected.
These included snow and ice densities, temperature and salinity profiles through the ice, and detailed snow pits with snow layer and crystal analysis and snow moisture measurements.
These included snow and ice densities, temperature and salinity profiles through the ice, and detailed snow pits with snow layer and crystal analysis and snow moisture measurements.
Along the EM31 lines, we also measure ice thickness and freeboard in drillholes.
Along the EM31 lines, we also measure ice thickness and freeboard in drillholes.
Since we shared ship and helicopter with polar bear people, they had the chopper the next couple of days and we stayed in fjord fast ice.
Since we shared ship and helicopter with polar bear people, they had the chopper the next couple of days and we stayed in fjord fast ice.
The next opportunity for a Cryosat flight came on the 9th, this time also with photography of the ice underneath the helicopter.
The next opportunity for a Cryosat flight came on the 9th, this time also with photography of the ice underneath the helicopter.
In sunny but still very windy conditions we covered good ground over the typical ice we found during the entire cruise: lots of large first year ice floes with some nice ridges and nilas and new ice in the leads.
In sunny but still very windy conditions we covered good ground over the typical ice we found during the entire cruise: lots of large first year ice floes with some nice ridges and nilas and new ice in the leads.
Sharing the helicopter, problems with the bird (teething problems of the new instrument) and a day in Rijpfjorden installing an ice mass balance buoy led to no airborne data for another two days.
Sharing the helicopter, problems with the bird (teething problems of the new instrument) and a day in Rijpfjorden installing an ice mass balance buoy led to no airborne data for another two days.
Instead we gathered data along kilometers of EM31 and snow thickness tracks, valuable ground truth data in a region which probably nobody else will visit this spring.
Instead we gathered data along kilometers of EM31 and snow thickness tracks, valuable ground truth data in a region which probably nobody else will visit this spring.
Cryosat-2 is not the only satellite we are collecting ground truth data for, and on the 12th we finally managed to do a flight concurrent with a high resolution SAR Radarsat-2 qual-pol image.
Cryosat-2 is not the only satellite we are collecting ground truth data for, and on the 12th we finally managed to do a flight concurrent with a high resolution SAR Radarsat-2 qual-pol image.
A challenging operation due to heavy ice challenging the ice breaking capabilities of our vessel, and a second helicopter arriving half an hour before the image acquisition time!
A challenging operation due to heavy ice challenging the ice breaking capabilities of our vessel, and a second helicopter arriving half an hour before the image acquisition time!
The following day, we planned another Cryosat-2 underflight but the weather came in with snow and fog and we were grounded.
The following day, we planned another Cryosat-2 underflight but the weather came in with snow and fog and we were grounded.
More time for on ice work!
More time for on ice work!
Now, the helicopter has left and we are heading west for a last long ice station before returning to Longyearbyen.
Now, the helicopter has left and we are heading west for a last long ice station before returning to Longyearbyen.
By then we will have covered a large part of the region north of Svalbard and gained good insight into the regional conditions.
By then we will have covered a large part of the region north of Svalbard and gained good insight into the regional conditions.
Embracing all problems and challenges, we managed to get a good dataset to describe the snow and ice cover we found in this remote region.
Embracing all problems and challenges, we managed to get a good dataset to describe the snow and ice cover we found in this remote region.
The maiden voyage of Liv, our EM-bird, was a success and we are looking forward to the next cruise starting in 10 days!
The maiden voyage of Liv, our EM-bird, was a success and we are looking forward to the next cruise starting in 10 days!
More Cryosat-2 cal/val activities are waiting for us then and we’ll keep you posted!
More Cryosat-2 cal/val activities are waiting for us then and we’ll keep you posted!
Cryosat blog post
Cryosat blog post
Cryosat blog - bio
Cryosat blog - bio
Angelika Renner is a postdoctoral researcher at the Norwegian Polar Institute (NPI).
Angelika Renner is a postdoctoral researcher at the Norwegian Polar Institute (NPI).